1970L0387 — EN — 28.07.1970 — 000.001 — 1
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►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 27July 197 0
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the doors of motor vehicles and
their trailers
(70/387/EEC)
(OJ L 176, 10.8.1970, p. 5)
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, Consolidated text of corrigenda to instruments published in
Special Editions 1952-72, 76 (70/387)
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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 27July 197 0
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
the doors of motor vehicles and their trailers
(70/387/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
▼C1
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European EconomicCommunity, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
▼
B
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament;Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committe;Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia , to their doors;
Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the samerequirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules, inorder, in particular, to allow the EEC type approval procedure whichwas the subject of the Council Directive(
1) of 6 February 1970 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the typeapproval of motor vehicles and their trailers to be applied in respect ofeach type of vehicle;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive ‘vehicle' means any motor vehicle
intended for use on the road, having at least four wheels and amaximum design speed exceeding 25 km/h, and its trailers, with theexception of public transport vehicles, vehicles which run on rails,agricultural tractors and machinery and public works vehicles.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type approval or national
type approval of a vehicle on grounds relating to its doors if thesesatisfy the requirements set out in the Annexes.
Article 3
The amendments necessary for adjusting the requirements of the Annex
so as to take account of technical progress shall be adopted in accord-ance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of the CouncilDirective of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the laws of theMember States relating to the type approval of motor vehicles and theirtrailers.
Article 4
1. Member States shall put into force the provisions containing the
requirements needed in order to comply with this Directive withineighteen months of its notification and shall inform the Commissionforthwith.
(1) OJ No L 42, 23.2.1970, p. 1.
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2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text ofthe main provisions of national law which they adopt in the fieldcovered by this Directive.
Article 5
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
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ANNEX I
1. GENERAL
1.1 The design characteristics of the vehicle must permit entry to and exit from
it in perfect safety.
1.2 Doors, entries and exits must be such that they can be used easily and
without danger.
1.3 Doors and door latches must be designed in such a way that any irritating
noise on closing may be avoided.
1.4 Door latches must be designed in such a way as to prevent the doors opening
accidentally.
2. LATCHES AND HINGES (Construction and fitting requirements)
2.1 The hinges of hinge-mounted doors (with the exception of folding doors),
when fitted to the sides of vehicles, must be fixed at the front edge of thedoors in the direction of forward travel. In the case of double doors, thisrequirement applies to the door wing which opens first: it must be possibleto bolt the other wing of the door.
2.2 The latches and hinges of the side doors of private cars (
1) must satisfy the
requirements set out in Annex II to this Directive.
3. RUNNING BOARDS (Construction and fitting requirements)
3.1 If the floor at the entrance to the vehicle is more than 700 mm above the
ground, the vehicle must have one or more running boards. The runningboard, or lower running board if there are several, must not be more than700 mm above the ground and must be constructed in such a way as topreclude the risk of slipping. The wheel hub, rims and other parts of thewheel shall not be deemed to be running boards for the purposes of thisDirective, except where reasons relating to construction or use preclude thefitting of running boards elsewhere on the vehicle.
(1) Class M1 of the International Classification set out in Note (b) to the Annex to the
Council Directive referredto in Article 3 of this Directive.
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ANNEX II
CONSTRUCTION AND FITTING REQUIREMENTS AND STRENGTH
TESTS FOR ►C1 LATCHES ◄AND HINGES ON SIDE DOORS FOR
ENTRY TO OR EXIT FROM PRIVATE CARS
1. GENERAL
1.1 Latches and hinges must be so designed, constructed and fitted that
in normal use, the vehicle satisfies the requirements of this Directive.
1.2 Each latch shall have both an intermediate latched position and a
fully latched position.
2. PARTICULARS AND BATCHES OF LATCHES AND HINGES
TO BE SUBMITTED BY THE MANUFACTURER OR HISAUTHORISED REPRESENTATIVE.
The manufacturer or his authorised representative must submit the
following particulars and batches of latches and hinges:
2.1 Drawings of the doors and of their latches and hinges on an appro-
priate scale and in sufficient detail;
2.2 A technical description of the latches and hinges;2.3 A batch of five sets of hinges per door. Where, however, the same
sets are used for several doors, it will be sufficient to submit onebatch of sets. Sets of hinges which are distinguishable only becausethey are designed to be fitted on the left or on the right shall not beregarded as different;
2.4 A batch of five complete latches, including actuating mechanism, per
door. Where, however, the same complete latches are used forseveral doors, it will be sufficient to submit one batch of suchlatches. Latches which are distinguishable only because they aredesigned to be fitted on the left or on the right shall not be regardedas different.
3. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS3.1 Latches
3.1.1 Longitudinal load
The latch and striker assembly shall be able to withstand a longitu-
dinal load of 453 kp (444 daN) in the intermediate latched positionand 1134 kp (1111 daN) in the fully latched position (Figure 2).
3.1.2 Transverse load
The latch and striker assembly must be capable of withstanding a
transverse load of 453 kp (444 daN) in the intermediate latchedposition, and 907 kp (889 daN) in the fully latched position (Figure3).
3.1.3 Resistance to inertia load
The latch shall not move from the fully latched position when a
longitudinal or transverse inertia load, in both directions, of 30 g isapplied to the lock assembly, including its actuating mechanism.
3.2 Hinges
3.2.1 Each hinge system shall be capable of supporting the door and
withstanding a longitudinal load of 1134 kp (1111 daN) and a trans-verse load of 907 kp (889 daN) in both directions.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING THE STRENGTH OF DOOR
►
C1LATCHES ◄AND HINGES
Compliance with the requirements contained in items 3.1 and 3.2
shall be checked in accordance with the following:
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4.1 Setting up, procedure and equipment for static-load tests
4.1.1 Setting up
4.1.1.1 Hinges
4.1.1.1.1 The tests shall be conducted with the use of rigid components repro-
ducing the geometric conditions of the mounting on the vehicle of afully latched door.
4.1.1.1.2 To this equipment there shall be applied, at the mid-point between
the hinges:
4.1.1.1.2.1 the prescribed longitudinal load, perpendicular to the axis of the
hinge pivots, situated in a plane passing through that axis;
4.1.1.1.2.2 the prescribed transverse load, perpendicular to the plane defined by
the longitudinal load and the axis of the pivots, and situated in aplane passing through that axis.
4.1.1.1.3 A new set of hinges shall be used for each test.4.1.1.1.4 Figure 1 gives an illustration of a test assembly.
4.1.1.2 Latches
4.1.1.2.1 The tests shall be conducted with the use of rigid components repro-
ducing the mounting on the vehicle of the two latch components, thelatch body and the striker.
4.1.1.2.2 The prescribed load shall be applied to this equipment so as not to
cause any stress on the latch. In addition, a transverse static load of90·7k p( 8 8 ·9 daN) shall be applied in such a way that it tends to
move the latch away from its striker in the direction in which thedoor opens.
4.1.1.2.3 Figure 2 and 3 give illustrations of a test assembly.
4.1.2 Test procedure and equipment
The equipment referred to in items 4.1.1.1 and 4.1.1.2 above shall be
mounted on a tensile testing machine with a minimum capacity of1500 kp (1470 daN). Loads gradually increasing to the valuesprescribed in items 3.1 and 3.2 shall be applied thereto in such a waythat the speed of separation of the retaining devices does not exceed5 mm/min.
4.2 Procedure for determining the resistance of latches to accelera-
tion
4.2.1 Resistance to opening in both directions under a longitudinal and
transverse inertia load of 30 g, applied in both cases to the openingknob in the direction in which it is actuated, shall be determineddynamically or analytically (Figure 4), disregarding:
4.2.1.1 Frictional forces.4.2.1.2 The components of gravity acceleration which tend to keep the latch
closed.
4.2.2 Latch locking devices, if any, must not be brought into play.
4.3 Equivalent test methods
4.3.1 Equivalent non-destructive test methods are permitted, provided that
the results referred to in items 4.1.2 and 4.2 above can be obtainedeither entirely by means of the substitute test or by calculation fromthe results of the substitute test. If a method other than that describedin items 4.1.2 and 4.2 above is used, its equivalence must be demon-strated.
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Door hinge system — static-load fixture (transverse load)
FIGURE 1
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Door latch — Test equipment under static load (longitudinal load
FIGURE 2
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Door latch — Test equipment under static load (transverse load)
FIGURE 3
►C1Door latch assembly
Resistance to the effects of inertia — Example of calculation
FIGURE 4
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Given:
A door latch system subjected to a deceleration of 30 g
F= Ma=W
ga=W
g3 0g=3 0W
F1=W1× 30 − Average load on knob spring
=( 0 ·016 kg × 30) − 0 ·454 kg = 0 ·036 kg
F2=W2×3 0=0 ·0 2 3k g×3 0=0 ·68 kg
F3=W3
2×3 0=0·012 kg
2×3 0=0 ·184 kg
ΣMo=F1×d1+F2×d2−F3×d3=0·036 kg × 31 ·5m m+0 ·68 kg × 10 ·67 mm
−0·184 kg × 4 ·83 mm = 7 ·51 mm/kg
F5=MO
d4=7·51
31·5=0·238 kg
F6=W4×3 0=0 ·0 4 2×3 0=1 ·265 kg
ΣMp= load on bolt spring (F5d5+F6d6)
=4 5 ·62 mm/kg − (0 ·2 3 8×3 7 ·5 9+1 ·2 6 5×1 ·9)
=4 5 ·62 mm/kg − 11 ·36 mm/kg = 34 ·26 mm/kg