1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21December 1 977
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the wiper and washer systems of
motor vehicles
(78/318/EEC)
(OJ L 81, 28.3.1978, p. 49)
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 194, 19.7.1978, p. 30 (78/318/EEC)
▼B
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21December 1 977
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
the wiper and washer systems of motor vehicles
(78/318/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Havingreg ard to the Treaty establishingthe European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof,
Havingreg ard to the proposal from the Commission,Havingreg ard to the opinion of the European Parliament(
1),
Havingreg ard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(2),
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
pursuant to national laws relate inter alia to their wipers and washers;
Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the samerequirements either in addition to or in place of their existingrules, in
order, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval procedure which
was the subject of Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 onthe approximation of the laws of the Member States relatingto the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers(
3), as amended by Directive
78/315/EEC(4), to be introduced in respect of each type of vehicle;
Whereas it is desirable to draft the technical requirements so that they
have the same aim as the work beingcarried out on the subject in theUN Economic Commission for Europe;
Whereas these requirements apply to motor vehicles in category M
1(the
international classification of motor vehicles is given in Annex I to
Directive 70/156/EEC);
Whereas the approximation of the national laws relatingto motor
vehicles entails reciprocal recognition by Member States of the checks
carried out by each of them on the basis of the common requirements;
Whereas windscreen-washer systems are already marketed both
separately and after beingfitted to a vehicle; whereas if it is possible
to check them before they are fitted to a vehicle, their free movementmay be facilitated by the introduction of EEC type-approval for suchsystems, which are regarded as separate technical units within themeaningof Article 9a of Directive 70/156/EEC,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any motor vehicle in
cetegory M1(as defined in Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC) intended
for use on the road, havingat least four wheels and a maximum desig nspeed exceeding25 km/h.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national
type-approval of a vehicle with regard to the windscreen-washer and
windscreen-wiper systems, or of a windscreen-washer system, if:
— such a vehicle satisfies the requirements of Annexes I to V relating
to the windscreen-washer and windscreen-wiper systems,1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 118, 16. 5. 1977, p. 33.
(2) OJ No C 114, 11. 5. 1977, p. 8.
(3) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.
(4) See page 1 of this Official Journal.
▼B
— such a windscreen-washer system regarded as a separate technical
unit within the meaningof Article 9a of Directive 70/156/EECsatisfies the relevant requirements laid down in Annex I,
— such a vehicle is fitted with a windscreen-washer system which has
been granted type-approval as a separate technical unit within the
meaningof Article 9a of Directive 70/156/EEC and has been
installed in accordance with the requirements laid down in 6.2.5 ofAnnex I.
Article 3
1. No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale, registration,
entry into service or use of any vehicle on grounds relating to:
— its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer systems, if these satisfy
the requirements laid down in Annexes I to V,
— its windscreen-washer system if this has been granted type-approval
as a separate technical unit within the meaningof Article 9a of
Directive 70/156/EEC and has been installed in accordance with therequirements laid down in 6.2.5 of Annex I.
2. No Member State may prohibit the placingon the market of any
windscreen-washer system regarded as a separate technical unit withinthe meaningof Article 9a of Directive 70/156/EEC if it conforms to a
type which has been granted type-approval within the meaning of the
second indent of Article 2.
Article 4
The Member State which has granted type-approval shall take the
measures required to ensure that it is informed of any modification of apart or characteristic referred to in 2.2 of Annex I. The competentauthorities of that Member State shall determine whether it is necessaryto carry out further tests on the modified vehicle type and to prepare anew report. If these tests show that the requirements of this Directive
have not been complied with, the modification shall not be authorized.
Article 5
Any amendments necessary to adapt the requirements of Annexes I to
VII to technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with theprocedure laid down in Article 13 of Directive 70/156/EEC.
However, this procedure shall not apply to amendments introducing
requirements for wiper and washer systems other than for thewindscreen.
Article 6
1. Member States shall bringinto force the provisions necessary in
order to comply with this Directive within 18 months of its notificationand shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of
national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are
communicated to the Commission.
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 3
▼B
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex I: Scope, definitions, applications for EEC type-approval, EEC type-
approval, specifications, test procedure (*)
Annex II: Procedure for determiningthe H point and the actual seat-back
angle and for verifying the relative positions of the R and H points
and the relationship between the design seat-back angle and the
actual seat-back angle (*)
Annex III: Method for determiningthe dimensional relationship between the
vehicle's primary reference marks and the three-dimensional
reference grid (*)
Annex IV: Procedure for determiningvision areas on the windscreens of
category M1vehicles in relation to the V points(*)
Annex V: Test-mixture specification for windscreen-wiper system and
windscreen-washer system tests(*)
Annex VI: Annex to the EEC vehicle type-approval certificate with regard to
the windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer systems
Annex VII: EEC type-approval certificate of a separate technical unit
(*) The technical requirements of this Annex are similar to those of the relevant UN
Economic Commission for Europe draft regulation; the subdivisions have thus beenobserved. Where a section of the draft regulation has no counterpart in the Annexes to
this Directive, the number is given in brackets for the record.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 4
▼B
ANNEX I
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL,
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL, SPECIFICATIONS, TEST PROCEDURE
1. SCOPE
1.1. This Directive applies to the 180º forward field of vision of the drivers
of vehicles in category M1.
1.1.1. Its purpose is to ensure good visibility under adverse weather
conditions by specifyingthe requirements for the windscreen-wiper
and windscreen-washer systems of category M1vehicles.
1.1.2. The requirements of this Directive are so worded as to apply to
category M1vehicles in which the driver is on the left. In category M1vehicles in which the driver is on the right, these requirements shall beapplied by reversingthe criteria where appropriate.
2. DEFINITIONS(2.1.)2.2. Vehicle type with regard to its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-
washer systems
‘Vehicle type with regard to its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-
washer systems’ means vehicles which do not differ in such essential
respects as:
2.2.1. the external and internal forms and arrangements within the area
specified in Section 1 which may affect visibility;
2.2.2. the shape, dimensions and characteristics of the windscreen and its
mounting;
2.2.3. the characteristics of the windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer
systems.
2.3. Three-dimensional reference grid
‘Three-dimensional reference grid’ means a reference system which
consists of a vertical longitudinal plane X-Z, a horizontal plane X-Y
and a vertical transverse plane Y-Z (see figure 2 of Annex III). The
grid is used to determine the dimensional relationships between the
positions of design points on drawings and their position on the actual
vehicle. The procedure for situatingthe vehicle relative to the g rid is
specified in Annex III; all coordinates referred to ground zero shall be
based on a vehicle in runningorder (as defined in 2.6 of Annex I to
Directive 70/156/EEC) plus one front-seat passenger, the mass of the
passenger being 75 kg ± 1%.
2.3.1. Vehicles fitted with suspension enablingtheir g round clearance to be
adjusted shall be tested under the normal conditions of use specified
by the manufacturer.
2.4. Primary reference marks
‘Primary reference marks’ means holes, surfaces, marks and
identification signs on the vehicle body. The type of reference mark
used and the position of each mark relative to X, Y and Z coordinates
of the three-dimensional reference grid and to a design ground plane
shall be specified by the vehicle manufacturer. These marks may be
the control points used for body assembly purposes.
2.5. Seat-back angle
(See Annex II).
2.6. Actual seat-back angle
(See Annex II).
2.7. Design seat-back angle
(See Annex II).1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 5
▼B
2.8. V points
‘V points’ means points whose position in the passenger compartment
is determined by vertical longitudinal planes passing through the
centres of the outermost designated seating positions on the front seat
and in relation to the R point and the design angle of the seat back,
which points are used for verifyingcompliance with the field of vision
requirements (see Annex IV).
2.9. R point or seating reference point
(See Annex II).
2.10. H point
(See Annex II).
2.11. Windscreen datum points
‘Windscreen datum points’ means points situated at the intersection
with the windscreen of lines radiatingforward from the V points to the
outer surface of the windscreen.
2.12. Transparent area of a windscreen
‘Transparent area of a windscreen’ means that area of a vehicle
windscreen or other glazed surface whose light transmittance,
measured at right angles to the surface, is not less than 70%.
2.13. Horizontal seat-adjustment range
‘Horizontal seat-adjustment range’ means the range of normal driving
positions designated by the vehicle manufacturer for the adjustment of
the driver's seat in the direction of the X axis (see 2.3).
2.14. Extended seat-adjustment range
‘Extended seat-adjustment range’ means the range designated by the
vehicle manufacturer for the adjustment of the seat in the direction of
the X axis (see 2.3) beyond the range of normal driving positionsspecified in 2.13 and used for convertingseats into beds or facilitating
entry into the vehicle.
2.15. Windscreen-wiper system
‘Windscreen-wiper system’ means the system consistingof a device
for wipingthe outer face of the windscreen, tog ether with the
accessories and controls necessary forstartingand stoppingthe device.
2.16. Windscreen-wiper field
‘Windscreen-wiper field’ means the area of the outer face of a wet
windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper.
2.17. Windscreen-washer system
‘Windscreen-washer system’ means the system consistingof a device
for storinga fluid and applyingit to the outer face of the windscreen,
together with the controls necessary for starting and stopping the
device.
2.18. Windscreen-washer control
‘Windscreen-washer control’ means a device or accessory for starting
and stoppingthe windscreen-washer system. Startingand stopping
may be coordinated with the operation of the windscreeen wiper or be
totally independent of it.
2.19. Windscreen-washer pump
‘Windscreen-washer pump’ means a device for transferringthe
windscreen-washer fluid from the reservoir to the outer face of the
windscreen.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 6
▼B
2.20. Nozzle
‘Nozzle’ means a device the orientation of which is adjustable and
which serves to direct the windscreen-washer fluid on to the
windscreen.
2.21. Performance of a windscreen-washer system
‘Performance of a windscreen-washer system’ means the ability of a
windscreen-washer system to apply fluid to the target area of the
windscreen without leakage or disconnection of a tube of the washer
system occurringwhen the system is used normally.
3. APPLICATIONS FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL3.1. Application for EEC type-approval for a vehicle type in respect of
its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer systems
3.1.1. The application for EEC type-approval of a vehicle type with regard to
its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer systems must be
submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his authorized
representative.
3.1.2. It must be accompanied by the followingdocuments in triplicate
containingthe information specified below:
3.1.2.1. a description of the vehicle referringto the criteria mentioned in 2.2,
together with dimensional drawings and either a photograph or an
exploded view of the passenger compartment. The numbers and/or
symbols identifyingthe vehicle type must be specified;
3.1.2.2. particulars of the primary reference marks in sufficient detail to enable
them to be readily identified and the position of each in relation to the
others and to the R point to be verified;
3.1.2.3. a technical description of the windscreen-wiper and windscreen-
washer systems together with relevant data in sufficient detail.
3.1.2.4. A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved must be
submitted to the technical service conductingthe type-approval tests.
3.2. Application for EEC type-approval for a type of windscreen-
washer system as a separate technical unit
3.2.1. The application for EEC type-approval for a type of windscreen-
washer system as a separate technical unit within the meaningof
Article 9a of Directive 70/156/EEC must be submitted by the vehicle
manufacturer or by the manufacturer of the windscreen-washer
system, or by the authorized representative of either manufacturer.
3.2.2. For each type of windscreen-washer system the application shall be
accompanied by:
3.2.2.1. three copies of documents giving a description of the system and of its
technical characteristics;
3.2.2.2. one specimen of the type of the system. The competent authorities
may, if they deem it necessary, request a further specimen. The
specimens must bear in a clearly legible and indelible manner the
applicant's trade name or mark and an identification of the type.
4. EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
(4.1.)(4.2.)4.3. A certificate conformingto the model specified in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 shall
be attached to the EEC type-approval certificate:
4.3.1. Annex VI for applications referred to in 3.1;
4.3.2. Annex VII for applications referred to in 3.2.
(4.4.)(4.5.)(4.6.)(4.7.)(4.8.)1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 7
▼B
5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. Windscreen-wiper system
5.1.1. Every vehicle must be equipped with at least one automatic
windscreen-wiper system, i.e. a system which when the vehicle's
engine is running is able to function without any action by the driver
other than that needed for startingand stoppingthe windscreen wiper.
5.1.2. The windscreen wiper field must cover not less than 80% of vision
area B as defined in 2.3 of Annex IV.
5.1.2.1. In addition the windscreen wiper field must cover not less than 98% of
vision area A as defined in 2.2 of Annex IV.
5.1.3. The windscreen wiper must have at least two sweep frequencies:5.1.3.1. one of not less than 45 cycles/minute (a cycle beingthe forward and
return movement of the windscreen wiper);
5.1.3.2. one of not less than 10 and not more than 55 cycles/minute.5.1.3.3. The difference between the highest and at least one of the lower sweep
frequencies must be at least 15 cycles/minute.
5.1.4. The sweep frequences prescribed in 5.1.3 must be achieved as
indicated in 6.1.1 to 6.1.6, 6.1.8 and 6.1.9.
5.1.5. Intermittent operation windscreen-wiper systems may be used for the
purposes of complyingwith the requirements of 5.1.3, provided that
one of the frequencies complies with the requirements of 5.1.3.1 and
that one of the other frequencies obtained when the main frequency is
interrupted is not less than 10 cycles/minute.
5.1.6. When the windscreen-wiper system is stopped by the use of the
windscreen-wiper control, the blades mustreturn automatically to their
position of rest.
5.1.7. The system must be capable of withstandingstallingfor 15 seconds.
The test procedure and conditions are set out in 6.1.7.
5.1.8. The windscreen wiper field must meet the minimum requirements of
5.1.2 when the wipers are tested at a sweep frequency conformingto
the provisions of 5.1.3.2 under the conditions set out in 6.1.10.
5.1.9. The aerodynamic effects associated with the windscreen's size and
shape, and the efficiency of the windscreen-wiper system, must be
determined under the followingconditions:
5.1.9.1. when subjected to a relative air speed equal to 80% of the vehicle's
maximum speed but not exceeding160 km/h, the windscreen-wiper
systems, operatingat maximum frequency, must continue to sweep a
field as specified in 5.1.2.1, with the same efficiency.
5.1.10. The wiper-arm mountingmust enable the wiper arm to be displaced
from its position on the windscreen so as to allow the windscreen to be
manually cleaned.
5.1.11. The windscreen-wiper system must be capable of operatingfor two
minutesonadrywindscreenwiththeoutsidetemperatureat−18±3ºC
under the conditions specified in 6.1.11.
5.2. Windscreen-washer system
5.2.1. Every vehicle must be fitted with a windscreen-washer system which
is capable of withstandingthe loads produced when the nozzles are
plugged and the system is actuated in accordance with the procedure
set out in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.
5.2.2. The performance of the windscreen-washer and windscreen-wiper
systems must not be adversely affected by exposure to the temperature
cycles prescribed in 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.
5.2.3. The windscreen-washer system must be capable of delivering
sufficient liquid to clear 60% of the area defined in 2.2 of Annex
IV under the conditions described in 6.2.5 of this Annex.
5.2.4. The capacity of the reservoir containingthe liquid must not be less
than one litre.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 8
▼B
6. TEST PROCEDURE
6.1. Windscreen-wiper system
6.1.1. The tests described below must be carried out under the following
conditions, unless otherwise specified:
6.1.2. the ambient temperature must not be less than 10 ºC or more than
40 ºC;
6.1.3. the windscreen must be kept constantly wet;
6.1.4. in the case of an electric windscreen-wiper system the following
additional conditions must be met:
6.1.4.1. the battery must be fully charged;
6.1.4.2. the engine must be running at 30% of the speed at which it develops
maximum power;
6.1.4.3. the dipped-beam headlamps must be switched on;
6.1.4.4. the heatingand/or ventilation systems, if fitted, must be operatingat
maximum electrical consumption;
6.1.4.5. the defrostingand demistingsystems, if fitted, must be operatingat
maximum electrical consumption.
6.1.5. Compressed air operated or vacuum operated windscreen-wiper
systems must be able to function continuously at the prescribed
sweep frequencies whatever the engine speed or engine load.
6.1.6. The sweep frequencies of windscreen-wiper systems must comply
with the requirements of 5.1.3 after a preliminary operatingtime of 20
minutes on a wet surface.
6.1.7. The requirements of 5.1.7 shall be satisfied when the wiper arms are
restrained in their vertical position for a period of 15 seconds with the
windscreen-wiper control set at the maximum sweep frequency.
6.1.8. The outer face of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by
means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After
drying, a solution of ammonia of not less than 3% and not more than
10% shall be applied. The surface shall be allowed to dry again and
shall then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.
6.1.9. A coatingof the test mixture (see Annex V) shall be applied uniformly
to the outer surface of the windscreen and allowed to dry.
6.1.10. For the purpose of measuringthe field of the windscreen-wiper
system, prescribed in 5.1.2 and 5.1.2.1, the outer face of the
windscreen shall be treated as indicated in 6.1.8 and 6.1.9 or by
some other equivalent method.
6.1.10.1. A trace of the windscreen-wiper field shall be made and compared
with a trace of the vision areas specified in 5.1.2 and 5.1.2.1 in order
to verify that the requirements are met.
6.1.11. The requirements of 5.1.11 shall be met after the vehicle has been in
an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC for a minimum of four hours.
The windscreen-wiper system is to be set to operate under the
conditions set out in 6.1.4 with the control at the position of maximum
frequency. There are no requirements regarding the field swept.
6.2. Windscreen-washer system
Test conditions
6.2.1. Test No 1
6.2.1.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 ºC for a
minimum of four hours. All the nozzles shall be plugged and the
windscreen-washer control actuated six times in one minute, each time
for at least three seconds. If the system is powered by the muscular
energy of the driver, the force applied shall be that shown in the
followingtable:
Type of pump Force to be applied
hand 11 to 13·5 daN
foot 40 to 44·5 daN1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 9
▼B
6.2.1.2. For electric pumps, the test voltage must be no less than the rated
voltage without exceeding it by more than two volts.
6.2.1.3. The performance of the windscreen-washer system at the end of the
test must be as defined in 2.21.
6.2.2. Test No 2
The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC for a
minimum of four hours. The windscreen-washer control shall be
actuated six times in one minute, each time for at least three seconds,
usingthe force prescribed in 6.2.1. The system shall than be placed in
an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 ºC until the ice has completely
thawed. The performance of the windscreen-washer system shall then
be verified by actuatingit as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.3. Test No 3 (Low-temperature exposure test)
6.2.3.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC for a
minimum of four hours so that the total mass of the water in the
washer system is frozen. The system shall then be placed in an
ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 ºC until the ice has completely thawed.
This freeze/thaw cycle shall be repeated six times. The performance of
the windscreen-washer system shall then be verified by actuatingit as
prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.3.2. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled and fully primed with a
low-temperature windscreen-washer fluid consistingof a 50% solution
of methanol, or alternatively isopropyl alcohol, in water of a hardness
not greater than 205 g/tonne.
6.2.3.2.1. The system shall be placed in an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC
for a minimum of four hours. The performance of the windscreen-
washer system shall be verified by actuatingit as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.4. Test No 4 (High-temperature exposure test)
6.2.4.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 80 ± 3 ºC for a
minimum of eight hours and then in an ambient temperature of
20 ± 2 ºC. When the temperature has stabilized, the performance of
the windscreen-washer system shall be verified by actuatingit as
prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.4.2. If part of the windscreen-washer system is situated in the engine
compartment, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and
placed in an ambient temperature of 80 ± 3 ºC for a minimum of eight
hours. The performance of the windscreen-washer system shall be
verified by actuatingit as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.4.3. If no part of the windscreen-washer system is situated in the engine
compartment, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and
placed in an ambient temperature of 60 ± 3 ºC for a minimum of eight
hours. The performance of the windscreen-washer system shall be
verified by actuatingit as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.5. Test No 5 (Windscreen-washer system capability test prescribed in
5.2.3)
6.2.5.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water and fully
primed. With the vehicle stationary and no significant wind effect, the
washer nozzle or nozzles shall be adjusted towards the target area of
the outer face of the windscreen. If the system is powered by the
muscular energy of the driver the force required to do this shall not
exceed that specified in 6.2.1.1. If the system is powered by an electric
pump the requirements of 6.1.4 shall apply.
6.2.5.2. The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated as prescribed in 6.1.8
and 6.1.9.
6.2.5.3. The windscreen-washer system shall then be actuated in the manner
indicated by the manufacturer for 10 cycles of automatic operation of
the windscreen-wiper system at maximum frequency and the
proportion of the vision area defined in 2.2 of Annex IV that is
cleaned shall then be measured.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 10
▼B
6.3. All the windscreen-washer tests described in 6.2.1 to 6.2.4 shall be
carried out on one and the same windscreen-washer system, either
attached to a vehicle of a type for which EEC type-approval has been
sought, or not attached to a vehicle, in the case of a system for which
EEC type-approval as a separate technical unit has been requested.
(7.)
(8.)(9.)
(10.)
(11.)(12.)1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 11
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ANNEX II
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE H POINT AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND FOR VERIFYING THE RELATIVE POSI-
TIONS OF THE R AND H POINTS AND THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE DESIGN SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE
Annex III to Council Directive 77/649/EEC of 27 September 1977 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relatingto the field of vision ofmotor vehicle drivers(
1) shall be applicable.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 12
(1) OJ No L 267, 19. 10. 1977, p. 1.
▼B
ANNEX III
METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN THE VEHICLE'S PRIMARY REFERENCE MARKS AND
THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL REFERENCE GRID
1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REFERENCE GRID AND VEHICLE'S
PRIMARY REFERENCE MARKS
To verify specific dimensions on or within a vehicle submitted for type-
approval in accordance with this Directive, the relationship between the
coordinates of the three-dimensional reference grid defined in 2.3 of Annex I,
which have been laid out at the initial vehicle-design stage, and the positions
of the primary reference marks defined in 2.4 of Annex I, must be established
accurately so that specific points on the vehicle manufacturer's drawings can
be located on an actual vehicle produced from those drawings.
2. METHODFOR ESTABLISHINGRELATIONSHIPOF REFERENCE GRID
TO REFERENCE MARKS
For this purpose, a ground reference plane shall be constructed, which is
marked with the X-X measurement and the Y-Y measurement. The method of
achievingthis is set out in fig ure 3 of this Annex, the reference plane beinga
hard, flat, level surface on which the vehicle stands, and which has two
measuringscales firmly fixed to its surface; these shall be g raduated in
millimetres, the X-X scale beingnot less than 8 m long , and the Y-Y scale not
less than 4 m long. The two scales must be set at right angles to each other as
shown in figure 3 of this Annex. The intersection of the scales is ground zero.
3. EXAMINATION OF THE REFERENCE PLANE
In order to provide for minor variations in the level of the reference plane or
test area, it is necessary to measure the deviations from ground zero along
both the X and Y scales at intervals of 250 mm and to record the readings
obtained so that corrections can be made when checkingthe vehicle.
4. ACTUAL TEST ATTITUDE
In order to provide for minor changes in suspension height, etc., it is
necessary to have available a means of bringing the primary reference marks
to the correct coordinate positions relative to thedesign attitude before further
measurements are taken. In addition, it must be possible to make minor lateral
and/or longitudinal adjustments to the vehicle's position so as to place it
correctly in relation to the reference grid.
5. RESULTS
The vehicle havingbeen correctly placed relative to the reference g rid and in
its design attitude, the site of the necessary points for studying the forward
visibility requirements can be readily determined. Test methods to determine
these requirements may include the use of theodolites, light sources or
shadow devices, or any other method which can be shown to give equivalent
results.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 13
▼B
Figure 1
Determination of ‘V’ points for a seat-back angle of 25º
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 14
▼B
Figure 2
Three-dimensional reference grid
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 15
▼B
Figure 3
Level work space
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 16
▼B
ANNEX IV
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VISION AREAS ON WIND-
SCREENS OF CATEGORY M1VEHICLES IN RELATION TO THE V
POINTS
1. POSITIONS OF THE V POINTS
1.1. The positions of the V points in relation to the R point, as indicated by
XYZ coordinates from the three-dimensional reference grid, are as shown
in Tables I and II.
1.2. Table I indicates the basic coordinates for a design seat-back angle of 25º.
The positive direction for the coordinates is indicated in figure 1 of Annex
III.
TABLE I
V point X Y Z
V168 mm — 5 mm 665 mm
V268 mm — 5 mm 589 mm
1.3.Correction for design seat-back angles other than 25º
1.3.1. Table II shows the further corrections to be made to the X and Z
coordinates of each V point when the design seat-back angle is not 25º.
The positive direction for the coordinates is shown in figure 1 of Annex
III.
TABLE II
Seat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆ZSeat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆Z
5 — 186 mm 28 mm 23 — 18 mm 5 mm
6 — 177 mm 27 mm 24 — 9 mm 3 mm7 — 167 mm 27 mm 25 0 mm 0 mm
8 — 157 mm 27 mm 26 9 mm — 3 mm
9 — 147 mm 26 mm 27 17 mm — 5 mm
10 — 137 mm 25 mm 28 26 mm — 8 mm11 — 128 mm 24 mm 29 34 mm — 11 mm12 — 118 mm 23 mm 30 43 mm — 14 mm
13 — 109 mm 22 mm 31 51 mm — 18 mm
1 4 —9 9m m 2 1m m 3 2 5 9m m —2 1m m1 5 —9 0m m 2 0m m 3 3 6 7m m —2 4m m1 6 —8 1m m 1 8m m 3 4 7 6m m —2 8m m
1 7 —7 2m m 1 7m m 3 5 8 4m m —3 2m m
1 8 —6 2m m 1 5m m 3 6 9 2m m —3 5m m1 9 —5 3m m 1 3m m 3 7 1 0 0m m —3 9m m2 0 —4 4m m 1 1m m 3 8 1 0 8m m —4 3m m
21 — 35 mm 9 mm 39 115 mm — 48 mm1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 17
▼B
Seat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆ZSeat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆Z
22 — 26 mm 7 mm 40 123 mm — 52 mm
2. VISION AREAS
2.1. Two vision areas shall be determined from the V points.2.2. Vision area A is the area on the outer surface of the windscreen bounded
by the followingfour planes extendingforward from the V point (see
figure 1):
— a vertical plane passingthrough V
1and V2and at an angle of 13º to the left
of the X axis;
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passingthroug h V1and at an upward angle
of 3º from the X axis;
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passingthroug h V2and at a downward angle
of 1º from the X axis;
— a vertical plane passingthroug h V1and V2and at an angle of 20º to the
right of the X axis.
2.3. Vision area B is the area of the outer surface of the windscreen which is
more than 25 mm from the outer edge of the transparent area and is
bounded by the intersection of the followingfour planes with the outer
surface of the windscreen (see figure 2):
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passingthroug h V1and at an upward angle
of 7º from the X axis;
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passingthroug h V2and at a downward angle
of 5º from the X axis;
— a vertical plane passingthrough V1and V2and at an angle of 17º to the left
of the X axis;
— a plane symmetrical to the former plane in relation to the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle.1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 18
Figure 1
Vision area A
►(1)C1▼B1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 19
▼B
Figure 2
Vision area B
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 20
▼B
ANNEX V
TEST-MIXTURE SPECIFICATION FOR WINDSCREEN-WIPER
SYSTEM AND WINDSCREEN-WASHER SYSTEM TESTS
The test mixture referred to in 6.1.9. of Annex I shall consist of the following(by
volume): 92·5% water (with a hardness of less than 205 g/tonne after
evaporation), 5% aqueous saturated salt (sodium chloride) solution and 2·5%
dust constituted in accordance with Tables I and II.
TABLE I
Analysis of test dust
Constituent % mass
SiO267 to 69
Fe2O33t o5
Al2O315 to 17
CaO 2 to 4
MgO 0·5 to 1·5Alkalis 3 to 5Ignition loss 2 to 3
TABLE II
Particle-size distribution of coarse-grade dust
Particle size
(in µm)Particle size distribution (%)
0t o5 1 2±2
5t o1 0 1 2±3
10 to 20 14 ± 320 to 40 23 ± 3
40 to 80 30 ± 3
80 to 200 9 ± 31978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 21
▼B
ANNEX VI
MODEL
(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 22
▼B
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 23
▼B
ANNEX VII
MODEL
(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
1978L0318 — EN — 30.12.1977 — 000.001 — 24