02017R2400 — EN — 01.09.2020 — 002.001

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►B COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2400 of 12 December 2017 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 349 29.12.2017, p. 1)

Amended by:









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COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2400

of 12 December 2017

implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

(Text with EEA relevance)







CHAPTER 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1

Subject matter

This Regulation complements the legal framework for the type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information established by Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 by laying down the rules for issuing licences to operate a simulation tool with a view to determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union and for operating that simulation tool and declaring the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values thus determined.

Article 2

Scope

1. Subject to the second paragraph of Article 4, this Regulation shall apply to vehicles of category N2, as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 7 500 kg and to all vehicles of category N3, as defined in that Annex.

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2. In case of multi-stage type-approvals or individual approvals of vehicles referred to in paragraph 1, this Regulation shall apply only to base vehicles equipped at least with a chassis, engine, transmission, axles and tyres.

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3. This Regulation shall not apply to off-road vehicles, special purpose vehicles and off road special purpose vehicles as defined, respectively, in points 2.1., 2.2. and 2.3. of Part A of Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC.

Article 3

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) ‘CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties’ means specific properties derived for a component, separate technical unit and system which determine the impact of the part on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;

(2) ‘input data’ means information on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system which is used by the simulation tool for the purpose of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;

(3) ‘input information’ means information relating to the characteristics of a vehicle which is used by the simulation tool for the purposes of determining their CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle and which is not part of an input data;

(4) ‘manufacturer’ means the person or body who is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the certification process and for ensuring conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems. It is not essential that the person or body be directly involved in all stages of the construction of the component, separate technical unit or system which is the subject of the certification.

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(4a) ‘vehicle manufacturer’ means a body or person responsible for issuing the manufacturer's records file and the customer information file pursuant to Article 9;

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(5) ‘authorised entity’ means a national authority authorised by a Member State to request relevant information from the manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system and CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles respectively.

(6) ‘transmission’ means a device consisting of at least of two shiftable gears, changing torque and speed with defined ratios;

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(7) ‘torque converter’ means a hydrodynamic start-up component either as a separate component of the driveline or transmission with serial or parallel power flow that adapts speed between engine and wheel and provides torque multiplication;

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(8) ‘other torque transferring component’ or ‘OTTC’ means a rotating component attached to the driveline which produces torque losses dependent on its own rotational speed;

(9) ‘additional driveline component’ or ‘ADC’ means a rotating component of the driveline which transfers or distributes power to other driveline components and produces torque losses dependant on its own rotational speed;

(10) ‘axle’ means a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear as drive axle of a vehicle;

(11) ‘air drag’ means characteristic of a vehicle configuration regarding aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle opposite to the direction of air flow and determined as a product of the drag coefficient and the cross sectional area for zero crosswind conditions;

(12) ‘auxiliaries’ means vehicle components including an engine fan, steering system, electric system, pneumatic system and air conditioning (AC) system whose CO2 emissions and fuel consumption properties have been defined in Annex IX;

(13) ‘component family’, ‘separate technical unit family’ or ‘system family’ means a manufacturer's grouping of components, separate technical units or systems, respectively, which through their design have similar CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties;

(14) ‘parent component’, ‘parent separate technical unit’ or ‘parent system’ means a component, separate technical unit or system, respectively, selected from a component, separate technical unit or system family, respectively, in such a way that its CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties will be the worst case for that component family, separate technical unit family or system family;

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(15) ‘zero emission heavy-duty vehicle’ or ‘ZE-HDV’ means a heavy-duty vehicle without an internal combustion engine, or with an internal combustion engine that emits less than 1 g CO2/kWh;

(16) ‘vocational vehicle’ means a heavy-duty vehicle not intended for the delivery of goods and for which one of the following digits is used to supplement the bodywork codes, as listed in Appendix 2 to Annex II of Directive 2007/46/EC: 09, 10, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31; or a tractor with a maximum speed not exceeding 79 km/h;

(17) ‘rigid lorry’ means a lorry that is not designed or constructed for the towing of a semi-trailer;

(18) ‘tractor’ means a tractor unit that is designed and constructed exclusively or principally to tow semi-trailers;

(19) ‘sleeper cab’ means a type of cabin that has a compartment behind the driver's seat intended to be used for sleeping;

(20) ‘hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicle’ or ‘He-HDV’ is as defined in Article 3(15) of Directive 2007/46/EC;

(21) ‘dual-fuel vehicle’ is as defined in Article 2(48) of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

With regard to He-HDVs, Articles 5(3), 9(1) and 12(1) shall apply only to He-HDVs where the second highest maximum net power of all energy converters is less than 10 % of the highest maximum net power of all energy converters. Energy converters used only for the starting are in this respect not taken into consideration.

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Article 4

Vehicle groups

For the purpose of this Regulation, motor vehicles shall be classified in vehicle groups in accordance with Table 1 in Annex I.

Articles 5 to 22 do not apply to motor vehicles of vehicle groups 0, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 and 17.

Article 5

Electronic tools

1. The Commission shall provide free of charge the following electronic tools in the form of downloadable and executable software:

(a) a simulation tool;

(b) pre-processing tools;

(c) a hashing tool.

The Commission shall maintain the electronic tools and provide modifications and updates to those tools.

2. The Commission shall make the electronic tools referred to in paragraph 1 available through a publicly available dedicated electronic distribution platform.

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3. The simulation tool shall be used for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles, or for the purposes of determining whether those vehicles are a ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs or dual-fuel vehicle. The simulation tool shall be designed to operate on the basis of input information as specified in Annex III, as well as input data referred to in Article 12(1).

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4. The pre-processing tools shall be used for the purpose of verification and compilation of the testing results and performing additional calculations relating to CO2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of certain components, separate technical units or systems and converting them in a format used by the simulation tool. The pre-processing tools shall be used by the manufacturer after performing the tests referred to in point 4 of Annex V for engines and in point 3 of Annex VIII for air-drag.

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5. The hashing tools shall be used for establishing an unequivocal association between the certified CO2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system and its certification document, as well as for establishing an unequivocal association between a vehicle and its manufacturer's records file and customer information file as referred to in Annex IV.

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CHAPTER 2

LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL FOR THE PURPOSES OF TYPE-APPROVAL WITH REGARD TO EMISSIONS AND VEHICLE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE INFORMATION

Article 6

Application for a licence to operate the simulation tool with a view to determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles

1. The vehicle manufacturer shall submit to the approval authority an application for a licence to operate the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(3) with a view to determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles belonging to one or more vehicle groups (‘licence’).

2. The application for a licence shall take the form of an information document drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Appendix 1 to Annex II.

3. The application for a licence shall be accompanied by an adequate description of the processes set up by the manufacturer for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption with respect to all the vehicle groups concerned, as set out in point 1 of Annex II.

It shall also be accompanied by the assessment report drafted by the approval authority after performing an assessment in accordance with point 2 of Annex II.

4. The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the application for a licence drawn up in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 to the approval authority at the latest together with the application for an EC type-approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions and access to vehicle repair and maintenance information pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, or with the application for an EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions and access to vehicle repair and maintenance information pursuant to Article 9 of that Regulation. The application for a licence must concern the vehicle group which includes the type of vehicle concerned by the application for EC type-approval.

Article 7

Administrative provisions for the granting of the licence

1. The approval authority shall grant the licence if the manufacturer submits an application in accordance with Article 6 and proves that the requirements laid down in Annex II are met with respect to the vehicle groups concerned.

Where the requirements laid down in Annex II are met only with respect to some of the vehicle groups specified in the application for a licence, the licence shall be granted only with respect to those vehicle groups.

2. The licence shall be issued in accordance with the model set out in Appendix 2 to Annex II.

Article 8

Subsequent changes to the processes set up for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles

1. A licence shall be extended to vehicle groups other than those to which a licence has been granted, as referred to in Article 7(1), if the vehicle manufacturer proves that the processes set up by him for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicle groups covered by the licence fully meet the requirements of Annex II also in respect of the other vehicle groups.

2. The vehicle manufacturer shall apply for an extension of the licence in accordance with Article 6 (1), (2) and (3).

3. After obtaining the licence, the vehicle manufacturer shall notify the approval authority without delay of any changes to the processes set up by him for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for the vehicle groups covered by the licence that may effect on the accuracy, reliability and stability of those processes.

4. Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 3, the approval authority shall inform the vehicle manufacturer whether processes affected by the changes continue to be covered by the licence granted, whether the licence must be extended in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 or whether a new licence should be applied for in accordance with Article 6.

5. Where the changes are not covered by the licence, the manufacturer shall, within one month of receipt of the information referred to in paragraph 4, apply for an extension of the licence or for a new licence. If the manufacturer does not apply for an extension of the licence or a new licence within that deadline, or if the application is rejected, the licence shall be withdrawn.







CHAPTER 3

OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING THE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR THE PURPOSES OF REGISTRATION, SALE AND ENTRY INTO SERVICE OF NEW VEHICLES

Article 9

Obligation to determine and declare CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles

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1. A vehicle manufacturer shall determine the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of each new vehicle, with the exception of ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs and dual-fuel vehicles, to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union using the latest available version of the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(3). With regard to ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs and dual-fuel vehicles to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union, the vehicle manufacturer shall determine only the information specified for those vehicles in the models set out in Part I and Part II of Annex IV using the latest available version of the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(3).

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A vehicle manufacturer may operate the simulation tool for the purposes of this Article only if in possession of a licence granted for the vehicle group concerned in accordance with Article 7 or extended to the vehicle group concerned in accordance with Article 8(1).

2. The vehicle manufacturer shall record the results of the simulation performed in accordance with the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 in the manufacturer's records file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part I of Annex IV.

With the exception of the cases referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 21(3), and in Article 23(6), any subsequent changes to the manufacturer's records file shall be prohibited.

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3. The vehicle manufacturer shall create cryptographic hashes of the manufacturer's records file and of the customer information file using the hashing tool referred to in Article 5(5).

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4. Each vehicle to be registered, sold or to enter into service shall be accompanied by the customer information file drawn up by the manufacturer in accordance with the model set out in Part II to Annex IV.

Each customer information file shall include an imprint of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file referred to in paragraph 3.

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5. Each vehicle to be registered, sold or to enter into service shall be accompanied by a certificate of conformity or, in the case of vehicles approved in accordance with Article 24 of Directive 2007/46/EC, an individual approval certificate, including an imprint of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file and of the customer information file referred to in paragraph 3.

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Article 10

Modifications, updates and malfunction of the electronic tools

1. In the case of modifications or updates to the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall start using the modified or updated simulation tool no later than 3 months after the modifications and updates were made available on the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

2. If the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles cannot be determined in accordance with Article 9(1) due to a malfunction of the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall notify the Commission thereof without delay by means of the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

3. If the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles cannot be determined in accordance with Article 9(1) due to a malfunction of the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall perform the simulation of those vehicles not later than 7 calendar days after the date referred to in point 1. Until then, the obligations resulting from Article 9 for the vehicles for which the determination of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions remains impossible shall be suspended.

Article 11

Accessibility of the simulation tool inputs and output information

1. The manufacturer's records file together with certificates on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, systems and separate technical units shall be stored by the vehicle manufacturer for at least 20 years after the production of the vehicle and shall be available to the approval authority and the Commission at their request.

2. Upon request by an authorized entity of a Member State or by the Commission, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide, within 15 working days, the manufacturer's records file.

3. Upon request by an authorised entity of a Member State or by the Commission, the approval authority which granted the licence in accordance with Article 7 or certified the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system in accordance with Article 17 shall provide, within 15 working days, the information document referred to in Article 6(2) or in Article 16(2), respectively.







CHAPTER 4

CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF COMPONENTS, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNITS AND SYSTEMS

Article 12

Components, separate technical units and systems relevant for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption

1. The simulation tool input data referred to in Article 5(3) shall include information relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the following components, separate technical units and systems:

(a) engines;

(b) transmissions;

(c) torque converters;

(d) other torque transferring components;

(e) additional driveline components;

(f) axles;

(g) body or trailer air drag;

(h) auxiliaries;

(i) tyres.

2. The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems referred to in points (b) to (g) and (i) of paragraph 1 shall be based either on the values determined, for each component family, separate technical unit family or system family, in accordance with Article 14 and certified in accordance with Article 17 (‘certified values’) or, in the absence of the certified values, on the standard values determined in accordance with Article 13.

3. The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of engines shall be based on the values determined for each engine family in accordance with Article 14 and certified in accordance with Article 17.

4. The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of auxiliaries shall be based on the standard values determined in accordance with Article 13.

5. In the case of a base vehicle referred to in Article 2(2), the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems referred to in points (g) and (h) of paragraph 1 which cannot be determined for the base vehicle shall be based on the standard values. For components, separate technical units and systems referred to in point (h), the technology with highest power losses shall be selected by the vehicle manufacturer.

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6. In the case of ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs and dual-fuel vehicles, the simulation tool input data shall include the information set out in Table 5 of Annex III.

7. Where the vehicle is to be registered, sold or put into service with snow tyres and standard tyres, the vehicle manufacturer may choose which of the tyres to use for determining the CO2 emissions.

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Article 13

Standard values

1. The standard values for transmissions shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 8 of Annex VI.

2. The standard values for torque converters shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 9 of Annex VI.

3. The standard values for other torque-transferring components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 10 of Annex VI.

4. The standard values for additional driveline components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 11 of Annex VI.

5. The standard values for axles shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 3 of Annex VII.

6. The standard values for a body or trailer air drag shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 7 of Annex VIII.

7. The standard values for auxiliaries shall be determined in accordance with Annex IX.

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8. The standard value for tyres shall be the one for C3 snow tyres as set out in Table 2 of Part B of Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ).

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Article 14

Certified values

1. The values determined in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 9 may be used by the vehicle manufacturer as the simulation tool input data if they are certified in accordance with Article 17.

2. The certified values for engines shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex V.

3. The certified values for transmissions shall be determined in accordance with point 3 of Annex VI.

4. The certified values for torque converters shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex VI.

5. The certified values for other torque-transferring component shall be determined in accordance with point 5 of Annex VI.

6. The certified values for additional driveline components shall be determined in accordance with point 6 of Annex VI.

7. The certified values for axles shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex VII.

8. The certified values for a body or trailer air drag shall be determined in accordance with point 3 of Annex VIII.

9. The certified values for tyres shall be determined in accordance with Annex X.

Article 15

Family concept regarding components, separate technical units and systems using certified values

1. Subject to paragraphs 3 to 6, the certified values determined for a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system shall be valid, without further testing, for all family members in accordance with the family definition as set out in:

— Appendix 6 to Annex VI as regards the family concept of transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;

— Appendix 4 to Annex VII as regards the family concept of axles;

— Appendix 5 to Annex VIII as regards the family concept for the purposes of determining air drag.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, for engines, the certified values for all the members of an engine family created in accordance with the family definition as set out in Appendix 3 to Annex V, shall be derived in accordance with paragraph 4, 5 and 6 of Annex V.

For tyres, a family shall consist of one tyre type only.

3. The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system shall not be better than the properties of any member of the same family.

4. The manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with evidence that the parent component, separate technical units or system fully represents the component family, separate technical unit family or system family.

If, in the framework of testing for the purposes of the second subparagraph of Article 16(3), the approval authority determines that the selected parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system does not fully represent the component family, separate technical unit family or system family, an alternative reference component, separate technical units or system may be selected by the approval authority, tested and shall become a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system.

5. Upon request of the manufacturer, and subject to the agreement by the approval authority, the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system other than a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, may be indicated in the certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family.

The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of that specific component, separate technical unit or system shall be determined in accordance with Article 14.

6. Where the characteristics of the specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system, in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties as determined in accordance with paragraph 5, lead to higher CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values than those of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, the manufacturer shall exclude it from the existing family, assign it to a new family and define it as the new parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system for that family or apply for an extension of the certification pursuant to Article 18.

Article 16

Application for a certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units or systems

1. The application for certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family shall be submitted to the approval authority.

2. The application for certification shall take the form of an information document drawn up in accordance with the model set out in:

— Appendix 2 to Annex V as regards engines;

— Appendix 2 to Annex VI as regards transmissions;

— Appendix 3 to Annex VI as regards torque converters;

— Appendix 4 to Annex VI as regards other torque transferring component;

— Appendix 5 to Annex VI as regards additional driveline components;

— Appendix 2 to Annex VII as regards axles;

— Appendix 2 to Annex VIII as regards air drag;

— Appendix 2 to Annex X as regards tyres.

3. The application for certification shall be accompanied by an explanation of the elements of design of the component family, separate technical unit family or the system family concerned which have a non-negligible effect on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units or systems concerned.

The application shall also be accompanied by the relevant test reports issued by an approval authority, test results, and by a statement of compliance issued by an approval authority pursuant to point 1 of Annex X of Directive 2007/46/EC.

Article 17

Administrative provisions for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

1. If all the applicable requirements are met, the approval authority shall certify the values relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family concerned.

2. In the case referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall issue a certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties using the model set out in:

— Appendix 1 to Annex V as regards engines;

— Appendix 1 to Annex VI as regards transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;

— Appendix 1 to Annex VII as regards axles;

— Appendix 1 to Annex VIII as regards air drag;

— Appendix 1 to Annex X as regards tyres.

3. The approval authority shall grant a certification number in accordance with the numbering system set out in:

— Appendix 6 to Annex V as regards engines;

— Appendix 7 to Annex VI as regards transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;

— Appendix 5 to Annex VII as regards axles;

— Appendix 8 to Annex VIII as regards air drag;

— Appendix 1 to Annex X as regards tyres.

The approval authority shall not assign the same number to another component family, separate technical unit family or system family. The certification number shall be used as the identifier of the test report.

4. The approval authority shall create a cryptographic hash of the file with test results, comprising the certification number, by means of the hashing tool referred to in Article 5(5). This hashing shall be done immediately after the test results are produced. The approval authority shall imprint that hash along with the certification number on the certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.

Article 18

Extension to include a new component, separate technical unit or system into a component family, separate technical unit family or system family

1. At the request of the manufacturer and upon approval of the approval authority, a new component, separate technical unit or system may be included as a member of a certified component family, separate technical unit family or system family if they meet the criteria for family definition set out in:

— Appendix 3 to Annex V as regards the family concept of engines;

— Appendix 6 to Annex VI as regards the family concept of transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;

— Appendix 4 to Annex VII as regards the family concept of axles;

— Appendix 5 to Annex VIII as regards the family concept for the purposes of determining air drag.

In such cases, the approval authority shall issue a revised certificate denoted by an extension number.

The manufacturer shall modify the information document referred to in Article 16(2) and provide it to the approval authority.

2. Where the characteristics of the specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system, in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties as determined in accordance with paragraph 1, lead to higher CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values than those of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, the new component, separate technical unit or system shall become the new parent component, separate technical unit or system.

Article 19

Subsequent changes relevant for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

1. The manufacturer shall notify the approval authority of any changes to the design or the manufacturing process of components, separate technical units or systems concerned which occur after the certification of the values relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the relevant component family, separate technical unit family or system family pursuant to Article 17 and which may have a non-negligible effect on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those components, separate technical units and systems.

2. Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall inform the manufacturer whether or not the components, separate technical units or systems affected by the changes continue to be covered by the certificate issued, or whether additional testing in accordance with Article 14 is necessary in order to verify the impact of the changes on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units or systems concerned.

3. Where the components, separate technical units or systems affected by the changes are not covered by the certificate, the manufacturer shall, within one month of receipt of that information from the approval authority, apply for a new certification or an extension pursuant to Article 18. If the manufacturer does not apply for a new certification or an extension within that deadline, or if the application is rejected, the certificate shall be withdrawn.







CHAPTER 5

CONFORMITY OF SIMULATION TOOL OPERATION, INPUT INFORMATION AND INPUT DATA

Article 20

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Responsibilities of the vehicle manufacturer, the approval authority and the Commission with regard to the conformity of simulation tool operation

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1. The vehicle manufacturer shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the processes set up for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for all the vehicle groups covered by the licence granted pursuant to Article 7 or the extension to the licence pursuant to Article 8(1) continue to be adequate for that purpose.

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The vehicle manufacturer shall, on a yearly basis, perform the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa on a minimum number of vehicles in accordance with point 3 of that Annex. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide, until 31 December of each year and in accordance with point 8 of Annex Xa, a test report to the approval authority for each vehicle tested, shall keep the test reports for a duration of at least 10 years and shall make them available to the Commission and approval authorities of the other Member States upon request.

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2. The approval authority shall perform, four times per year, an assessment as referred to in point 2 of Annex II in order to verify if the processes set up by the manufacturer for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for all the vehicle groups covered by the licence continue to be adequate. The assessment shall also include verification of the selection of the input information and input data and repetition of the simulations performed by the manufacturer,

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Where a vehicle fails the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa, the approval authority shall start an investigation to determine the cause of that failure, in accordance with Annex Xa. As soon as the approval authority determines the cause of the failure, it shall inform the approval authorities of the other Member States thereof.

If the cause of the failure is linked to the operation of the simulation tool, Article 21 shall apply. If the cause of the failure is linked to the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems, Article 23 shall apply.

If no irregularities could be found in the certification of components, separate technical units or systems and the operation of the simulation tool, the approval authority shall report the vehicle failure to the Commission. The Commission shall investigate whether the simulation tool or the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa has caused the vehicle to fail and whether an improvement of the simulation tool or the verification testing procedure is necessary.

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Article 21

Remedial measures for the conformity of simulation tool operation

1. Where the approval authority finds, pursuant to Article 20(2), that the processes set up by the vehicle manufacturer for the purposes of determining the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle groups concerned are not in accordance with the licence or with this Regulation or may lead to an incorrect determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicles concerned, the approval authority shall request the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures no later than 30 calendar days after receipt of the request from the approval authority.

Where the vehicle manufacturer demonstrates that further time is necessary for the submission of the plan of remedial measures, an extension of up to 30 calendar days may be granted by the approval authority.

2. The plan of remedial measures shall apply to all vehicle groups which have been identified by the approval authority in its request.

3. The approval authority shall approve or reject the plan of remedial measures within 30 calendar days of its receipt. The approval authority shall notify the manufacturer and all the other Member States of its decision to approve or reject the plan of remedial measures.

The approval authority may require the vehicle manufacturer to issue a new manufacturer's records file, customer information file and certificate of conformity on the basis of a new determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption reflecting the changes implemented in accordance with the approved plan of remedial measures.

4. The manufacturer shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures.

5. Where the plan of the remedial measures has been rejected by the approval authority, or the approval authority establishes that the remedial measures are not being correctly applied, it shall take the necessary measures to ensure the conformity of simulation tool operation, or withdraw the licence.

Article 22

Responsibilities of the manufacturer and approval authority with regards to conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

1. The manufacturer shall take the necessary measures in accordance to Annex X to Directive 2007/46/EC to ensure that the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems listed in Article 12(1) which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17 do not deviate from the certified values.

Those measures shall also include the following:

— the procedures laid down in Appendix 4 to Annex V as regards engines;

— the procedures laid down in point 7 of Annex VI as regards transmissions;

— the procedures laid down in point 5 and 6 of Annex VII as regards axles;

— the procedures laid down in Appendix 6 to Annex VIII as regards body or trailer air drag;

— the procedures laid down in point 4 of Annex X as regards tyres.

Where CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a member of a component family, separate technical unit family or system family have been certified in accordance with Article 15(5), the reference value for the verification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties shall be the one certified for this family member.

Where a deviation from the certified values is identified as a result of the measures referred to in the first and second subparagraphs, the manufacturer shall immediately inform the approval authority thereof.

2. The manufacturer shall provide, on an annual basis, testing reports containing the results of the procedures referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 to the approval authority which certified the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family concerned. The manufacturer shall make the test reports available to the Commission upon request.

3. The manufacturer shall ensure that at least one in every 25 procedures referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1, or, with an exception for tyres, at least one procedure per year, relating to a component family, separate technical unit family or system family is supervised by a different approval authority than the one which participated in the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family concerned pursuant to Article 16.

4. Any approval authority may at any time perform verifications relating to the components, separate technical units and systems at any of the manufacturer's and vehicle manufacturer's facilities in order to verify whether the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those components, separate technical units and systems do not deviate from the certified values.

The manufacturer and the vehicle manufacturer shall provide the approval authority within 15 working days of the approval authority's request with all the relevant documents, samples and other materials in his possession and necessary to perform the verifications relating to a component, separate technical unit or system.

Article 23

Remedial measures for the conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

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1. Where the approval authority finds, pursuant to Articles 20 and 22, that the measures taken by the manufacturer to ensure that the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems listed in Article 12(1) and which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17 do not deviate from the certified values are not adequate, the approval authority shall request the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures no later than 30 calendar days after receipt of the request from the approval authority.

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Where the manufacturer demonstrates that further time is necessary for the submission of the plan of remedial measures, an extension of up to 30 calendar days may be granted by the approval authority.

2. The plan of remedial measures shall apply to all the component families, separate technical unit families or system families which have been identified by the approval authority in its request.

3. The approval authority shall approve or reject the plan of remedial measures within 30 calendar days of its receipt. The approval authority shall notify the manufacturer and all the other Member States of its decision to approve or reject the plan of remedial measures.

The approval authority may require the vehicle manufacturers who installed the components, separate technical units and systems concerned in their vehicles to issue a new manufacturer's records file, customers information file and certificate of conformity on the basis of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those components, separate technical units and systems obtained by means of the measures referred to in Article 22(1).

4. The manufacturer shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures.

5. The manufacturer shall keep a record of every component, separate technical unit or system recalled and repaired or modified and of the workshop which performed the repair. The approval authority shall have access to those records on request during the execution of the plan of the remedial measures and for a period of 5 years after the completion of its execution.

6. Where the plan of remedial measures has been rejected by the approval authority, or the approval authority establishes that the remedial measures are not being correctly applied, it shall take the necessary measures to ensure the conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family and system family concerned, or withdraw the certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.







CHAPTER 6

FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 24

Transitional provisions

1. Without prejudice to Article 10(3), where the obligations referred to in Article 9 have not been complied with, Member States shall prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of:

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(a) vehicles in the groups 4, 5, 9 and 10, including the sub-group ‘v’ in each vehicle group, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 July 2019;

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(b) vehicles in the groups 1, 2, and 3, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 January 2020;

(c) vehicles in the groups 11, 12 and 16, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 July 2020.

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1(a), the obligations referred to in Article 9 shall apply from 1 January 2019 with regard to all vehicles in the groups 4, 5, 9 and 10 with production date on or after 1 January 2019. ►M1 For vehicles in the sub-group ‘v’ of any of those vehicle groups, the obligation referred to in Article 9 shall apply as from the entry into force of this Regulation. ◄

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For the purposes of the first subparagraph, the production date shall mean:

(a) the date of signature of the certificate of conformity;

(b) where a certificate of conformity has not been issued, the date on which the vehicle identification number was affixed for the first time on the relevant parts of the vehicle.

3. The second subparagraph of Article 20(1) and the second, third and fourth subparagraphs of Article 20(2) shall apply from 1 July 2020. Remedial measures under Articles 21(5) and 23(6) shall apply pursuant to an investigation into a vehicle failure in the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa as from 1 July 2023.

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Article 25

Amendment to Directive 2007/46/EC

Annexes I, III, IV, IX and XV to Directive 2007/46/EC are amended in accordance with Annex XI to this Regulation.

Article 26

Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 is amended as follows:

(1) In Article 3(1), the following subparagraph is added: ‘In order to receive an EC type-approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information, or an EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information, the manufacturer shall also demonstrate that the requirements laid down in Article 6 and Annex II to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 ( *1 ) are met with respect to the vehicle group concerned. However, that requirement shall not apply where the manufacturer indicates that new vehicles of the type to be approved will not be registered, sold or put into service in the Union on or after the dates laid down in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 for the respective vehicle group.

(2) Article 8 is amended as follows: (a) in paragraph 1a, point (d) is replaced by the following: ‘(d) all other exceptions set out in points 3.1 of Annex VII to this Regulation, points 2.1 and 6.1 of Annex X to this Regulation, points 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 10.1 of Annex XIII to this Regulation, and point 1.1 of Appendix 6 to Annex XIII to this Regulation apply;’; (b) in paragraph 1a, the following point is added: ‘(e) the requirements laid down in Article 6 and Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 are met with respect to the vehicle group concerned, except where the manufacturer indicates that new vehicles of the type to be approved will not be registered, sold or put into service in the Union on or after the dates laid down in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of that Regulation for the respective vehicle group.’;

(3) Article 10 is amended as follows: (a) in paragraph 1a, point (d) is replaced by the following: ‘(d) all other exceptions set out in points 3.1 of Annex VII to this Regulation, points 2.1 and 6.1 of Annex X to this Regulation, points 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 10.1.1 of Annex XIII to this Regulation, and point 1.1 of Appendix 6 to Annex XIII to this Regulation apply;’; (b) in paragraph 1a, the following point is added: ‘(e) the requirements laid down in Article 6 and Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 are met with respect to the vehicle group concerned, except where the manufacturer indicates that new vehicles of the type to be approved will not be registered, sold or put into service in the Union on or after the dates laid down in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of that Regulation for the respective vehicle group.’.

Article 27

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.









ANNEX I

CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES IN VEHICLE GROUPS

1. Classification of the vehicles for the purpose of this Regulation

1.1 Classification of vehicles of category N

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Table 1 Vehicle groups for vehicles of category N Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Vehicle group Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration Axle configuration Chassis configuration Technically permissible maximum laden mass (tons) Long haul Long haul (EMS) Regional delivery Regional delivery (EMS) Urban delivery Municipal utility Construction 4 × 2 Rigid lorry > 3,5 –7,5 (0) Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 7,5 – 10 1 R R Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 10 – 12 2 R+T1 R R Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 12 – 16 3 R R Rigid lorry > 16 4 R+T2 R R R Tractor > 16 5 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST Rigid lorry > 16 4v (*2) R R Tractor > 16 5v (*2) T+ST 4 × 4 Rigid lorry > 7,5 – 16 (6) Rigid lorry > 16 (7) Tractor > 16 (8) 6 × 2 Rigid lorry all weights 9 R+T2 R+D+ST R R+D+ST R Tractor all weights 10 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST T+ST+T2 Rigid lorry all weights 9v (*2) R R Tractor all weights 10v (*2) T+ST 6 × 4 Rigid lorry all weights 11 R+T2 R+D+ST R R+D+ST R R Tractor all weights 12 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST 6 × 6 Rigid lorry all weights (13) Tractor all weights (14) 8 × 2 Rigid lorry all weights (15) 8 × 4 Rigid lorry all weights 16 R 8 × 6 8 × 8 Rigid lorry all weights (17) (*1) In these vehicle classes tractors are treated as rigid lorries but with specific curb weight of tractor. (*2) Sub-group ‘v’ of vehicle groups 4, 5, 9 and 10: these mission profiles are exclusively applicable to vocational vehicles. (*) EMS — European Modular System T = Tractor R = Rigid lorry & standard body T1, T2 = Standard trailers ST = Standard semitrailer D = Standard dolly

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ANNEX II

REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL

1. The processes to be set up by the vehicle manufacturer with a view to the operation of the simulation tool

1.1. The manufacturer shall set up at least the following processes:

1.1.1 A data management system covering sourcing, storing, handling and retrieving of the input information and input data for the simulation tool as well as handling certificates on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component families, separate technical unit families and system families. The data management system shall at least: (a) ensure application of correct input information and input data to specific vehicle configurations (b) ensure correct calculation and application of standard values; (c) verify by means of comparing cryptographic hashes that the input files of component families, separate technical unit families and system families which are used for the simulation corresponds to the input data of the component families, separate technical unit families and system families for which the certification has been granted; (d) include a protected database for storing the input data relating to the component families, separate technical unit families or system families and the corresponding certificates of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties; (e) ensure correct management of the changes of specification and updates of components, separate technical units and systems; (f) enable tracing of the components, separate technical units and systems after the vehicle is produced.

1.1.2 A data management system covering retrieving of the input information and input data and calculations by means of the simulation tool and storing of the output data. The data management system shall at least: (a) ensure a correct application of cryptographic hashes; (b) include a protected database for storing the output data;

1.1.3 Process for consulting the dedicated electronic distribution platform referred to in Article 5(2) and Article 10(1) and (2), as well as downloading and installing the latest versions of the simulation tool.

1.1.4 Appropriate training of staff working with the simulation tool.

2. Assessment by the approval authority

2.1. The approval authority shall verify whether the processes set out in point 1 related to the operation of the simulation tool have been set up.

The approval authority shall also verify the following:

(a) the functioning of the processes set out in points 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 and the application of the requirement set out in point 1.1.4;

(b) that the processes used during the demonstration are applied in the same manner in all the production facilities manufacturing the vehicle group concerned;

(c) the completeness of the description of the data and process flows of operations related to the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicles.

For the purpose of point (a) of the second paragraph, The verification shall include determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of at leaste one vehicle from each of the vehicle groups for which the licence has been applied for.









Appendix 1

MODEL OF AN INFORMATION DOCUMENT FOR THE PURPOSES OF OPERATING THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING THE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF NEW VEHICLES

SECTION I

1 Name and address of manufacturer:

2 Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point 1 of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 have been set up with a view to the operation of the simulation tool:

3 Vehicle groups covered:

4 Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any)

SECTION II

1. Additional information

1.1. Data and process flow handling description (e.g. flow chart)

1.2 Description of quality management process

1.3 Additional quality management certificates (if any)

1.4 Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage

1.5 Additional documents (if any)

2. Date: …

3. Signature: …









Appendix 2

MODEL OF A LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF NEW VEHICLES

Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm)

LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF NEW VEHICLES







Communication concerning: — granting (1) — extension (1) — refusal (1) — withdrawal (1) Administration stamp (1) Delete where not applicable (there are cases where nothing needs to be deleted when more than one entry is applicable)

of the licence to operate simulation tool with regard to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 as implemented by Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

Licence number:

Reason for extension: …

SECTION I

0.1 Name and address of manufacturer:

0.2 Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point 1 of Annex II of Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 have been set up with a view to the operation of the simulation tool

0.3 Vehicle groups covered:

SECTION II

1. Additional information

1.1 Assessment report performed by an approval authority

1.2. Data and process flow handling description (e.g. flow chart)

1.3. Description of quality management process

1.4. Additional quality management certificates (if any)

1.5. Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage

1.6 Additional documents (if any)

2. Approval authority responsible for carrying out the assessment

3. Date of the assessment report

4. Number of assessment report report

5. Remarks (if any): see Addendum

6. Place

7. Date

8. Signature









ANNEX III

INPUT INFORMATION RELATING TO THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VEHICLE

1. Introduction

This Annex describes the list of parameters to be provided by the vehicle manufacturer as input to the simulation tool. The applicable XML schema as well as example data are available at the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

2. Definitions

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(1) ‘Parameter ID’: Unique identifier as used in the simulation tool for a specific input parameter or set of input data

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(2) ‘Type’: Data type of the parameter string … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding token … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding, no leading/trailing whitespace date … date and time in UTC time in the format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ with italic letters denoting fixed characters e.g. ‘2002-05-30T09:30:10Z’ integer … value with an integral data type, no leading zeros, e.g. ‘1800’ double, X … fractional number with exactly X digits after the decimal sign (‘.’) and no leading zeros e.g. for ‘double, 2’: ‘2345.67’; for ‘double, 4’: ‘45.6780’

(3) ‘Unit’ … physical unit of the parameter

(4) ‘corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ shall mean the mass as specified under the ‘actual mass of the vehicle’ in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1230/2012 ( 2 ) with an exception for the tank(s) which shall be filled to at least 50 % of its or their capacity/ies, without superstructure and corrected by the additional weight of the non-installed standard equipment as specified in point 4.3 and the mass of a standard body, standard semi-trailer or standard trailer to simulate the complete vehicle or complete vehicle-(semi-)trailer combination. All parts that are mounted on and above the main frame are regarded as superstructure parts if they are only installed for facilitating a superstructure, independent of the necessary parts for in running order conditions.

3. Set of input parameters

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Table 1 Input parameters ‘Vehicle/General’ Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference Manufacturer P235 token [-] ManufacturerAddress P252 token [-] Model P236 token [-] VIN P238 token [-] Date P239 dateTime [-] Date and time when the component-hash is created LegislativeClass P251 string [-] Allowed values: ‘N2’, ‘N3’ VehicleCategory P036 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Rigid Lorry’, ‘Tractor’ AxleConfiguration P037 string [-] Allowed values: ‘4×2’, ‘6×2’, ‘6×4’, ‘8×4’ CurbMassChassis P038 int [kg] GrossVehicleMass P041 int [kg] IdlingSpeed P198 int [1/min] RetarderType P052 string [-] Allowed values: ‘None’, ‘Losses included in Gearbox’, ‘Engine Retarder’, ‘Transmission Input Retarder’, ‘Transmission Output Retarder’ RetarderRatio P053 double, 3 [-] AngledriveType P180 string [-] Allowed values: ‘None’, ‘Losses included in Gearbox’, ‘Separate Angledrive’ PTOShaftsGearWheels (1) P247 string [-] Allowed values: ‘none’, ‘only the drive shaft of the PTO’, ‘drive shaft and/or up to 2 gear wheels’, ‘drive shaft and/or more than 2 gear wheels’, ‘only one engaged gearwheel above oil level’ PTOOtherElements (1) P248 string [-] Allowed values: ‘none’, ‘shift claw, synchronizer, sliding gearwheel’, ‘multi-disc clutch’, ‘multi-disc clutch, oil pump’ CertificationNumberEngine P261 token [-] CertificationNumberGearbox P262 token [-] CertificationNumberTorqueconverter P263 token [-] CertificationNumberAxlegear P264 token [-] CertificationNumberAngledrive P265 token [-] CertificationNumberRetarder P266 token [-] CertificationNumberTyre P267 token [-] CertificationNumberAirdrag P268 token [-] ZeroEmissionVehicle P269 boolean [-] VocationalVehicle P270 boolean [-] NgTankSystem P275 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Compressed’, ‘Liquefied’ Only relevant for vehicles with engines of fuel type ‘NG PI’ (P193) Sleeper cab P276 boolean [-] (1) In case of multiple PTOs mounted to the transmission, only the component with the highest losses according to point 3.6 of Annex IX, for its combination of criteria ‘PTOShaftsGearWheels’ and ‘PTOShaftsOtherElements’, shall be declared.

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Table 2 Input parameters ‘Vehicle/AxleConfiguration’ per wheel axle Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference TwinTyres P045 boolean [-] AxleType P154 string [-] Allowed values: ‘VehicleNonDriven’, ‘VehicleDriven’ Steered P195 boolean







Table 3 Input parameters ‘Vehicle/Auxiliaries’ Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference Fan/Technology P181 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Crankshaft mounted - Electronically controlled visco clutch’, ‘Crankshaft mounted - Bimetallic controlled visco clutch’, ‘Crankshaft mounted - Discrete step clutch’, ‘Crankshaft mounted - On/off clutch’, ‘Belt driven or driven via transm. - Electronically controlled visco clutch’, ‘Belt driven or driven via transm. - Bimetallic controlled visco clutch’, ‘Belt driven or driven via transm. - Discrete step clutch’, ‘Belt driven or driven via transm. - On/off clutch’, ‘Hydraulic driven - Variable displacement pump’, ‘Hydraulic driven - Constant displacement pump’, ‘Electrically driven - Electronically controlled’ SteeringPump/Technology P182 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Fixed displacement’, ‘Fixed displacement with elec. control’, ‘Dual displacement’, ‘Variable displacement mech. controlled’, ‘Variable displacement elec. controlled’, ‘Electric’ Separate entry for each steered wheel axle required ElectricSystem/Technology P183 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Standard technology’, ‘Standard technology - LED headlights, all’ PneumaticSystem/Technology P184 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Small’, ‘Small + ESS’, ‘Small + visco clutch’ , ‘Small + mech. clutch’, ‘Small + ESS + AMS’, ‘Small + visco clutch + AMS’, ‘Small + mech. clutch + AMS’, ‘Medium Supply 1-stage’, ‘Medium Supply 1-stage + ESS’, ‘Medium Supply 1-stage + visco clutch’ , ‘Medium Supply 1-stage + mech. clutch’, ‘Medium Supply 1-stage + ESS + AMS’, ‘Medium Supply 1-stage + visco clutch + AMS’, ‘Medium Supply 1-stage + mech. clutch + AMS’, ‘Medium Supply 2-stage’, ‘Medium Supply 2-stage + ESS’, ‘Medium Supply 2-stage + visco clutch’ , ‘Medium Supply 2-stage + mech. clutch’, ‘Medium Supply 2-stage + ESS + AMS’, ‘Medium Supply 2-stage + visco clutch + AMS’, ‘Medium Supply 2-stage + mech. clutch + AMS’, ‘Large Supply’, ‘Large Supply + ESS’, ‘Large Supply + visco clutch’ , ‘Large Supply + mech. clutch’, ‘Large Supply + ESS + AMS’, ‘Large Supply + visco clutch + AMS’, ‘Large Supply + mech. clutch + AMS’; ‘Vacuum pump’ ▼M1 HVAC/Technology P185 string [-] Allowed values: ‘None’, ‘Default’ ▼B







Table 4 Input parameters ‘Vehicle/EngineTorqueLimits’ per gear (optional) Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference Gear P196 integer [-] only gear numbers need to be specified where vehicle related engine torque limits according to point 6 are applicable MaxTorque P197 integer [Nm]

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Table 5 Input parameters for ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs and dual-fuel vehicles Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference Manufacturer P235 token [-] ManufacturerAddress P252 token [-] Model P236 token [-] VIN P238 token [-] Date P239 dateTime [-] Date and time when the component-hash is created LegislativeClass P251 string [-] Allowed values: ‘N2’, ‘N3’ VehicleCategory P036 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Rigid Lorry’, ‘Tractor’ CurbMassChassis P038 int [kg] GrossVehicleMass P041 int [kg] MaxNetPower1 P277 int [W] If He-HDV = Y: highest maximum net power of all energy converters, which are linked to the vehicle driveline or the wheels MaxNetPower2 P278 int [W] If He-HDV = Y: second highest maximum net power of all energy converters, which are linked to the vehicle driveline or the wheels ZE-HDV P269 boolean [-] He-HDV P279 boolean [-] DualFuelVehicle P280 boolean [-]







Table 6 Input parameters ‘Advanced driver assistance systems’ Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference EngineStopStart P271 boolean [-] In accordance with point 8.1.1 EcoRollWithoutEngineStop P272 boolean [-] In accordance with point 8.1.2 EcoRollWithEngineStop P273 boolean [-] In accordance with point 8.1.3 PredictiveCruiseControl P274 string [-] In accordance with point 8.1.4, allowed values: ‘1,2’, ‘1,2,3’

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4. Vehicle mass

4.1 The vehicle mass used as input for the simulation tool shall be the corrected actual mass of the vehicle. This corrected actual mass shall be based on vehicles equipped in such a way that they are compliant to all regulatory acts of Annex IV and Annex XI to Directive 2007/46/EC applicable to the particular vehicle class.

4.2 If not all the standard equipment is installed, the manufacturer shall add the weight of the following construction elements to the corrected actual mass of the vehicle: (a) Front under-run protection in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 3 ) (b) Rear under-run protection in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (c) Lateral protection in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (d) Fifth wheel in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council

4.3 The weight of the construction elements referred to in point 4.2 shall be the following: For vehicles of groups 1, 2 and 3 Front under-ride protection 45 kg Rear under-ride protection 40 kg Lateral protection 8,5 kg/m × wheel base [m] – 2,5 kg ▼M1 ————— ▼B For vehicles of groups 4, 5, 9 to 12 and 16 Front under-ride protection 50 kg Rear under-ride protection 45 kg Lateral protection 14 kg/m × wheel base [m] – 17 kg Fifth wheel 210 kg

5. Hydraulically and mechanically driven axles

In case of vehicles equipped with:

(a) a hydraulically driven axles, the axle shall be treated as a non-drivable one and the manufacturer shall not take it into consideration for establishing an axle configuration of a vehicle;

(b) a mechanically driven axles, the axle shall be treated as a drivable one and the manufacturer shall take it into consideration for establishing an axle configuration of a vehicle;

6. Gear dependent engine torque limits set by vehicle control

For the highest 50 % of the gears (e.g. for gears 7 to 12 of a 12 gear transmission) the vehicle manufacturer may declare a gear dependent maximum engine torque limit which is not higher than 95 % of the maximum engine torque.

7. Vehicle specific engine idling speed

7.1. The engine idling speed has to be declared in VECTO for each individual vehicle. This declared vehicle engine idling shall be equal or higher than specified in the engine input data approval.

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8. Advanced driver assistance systems

8.1. The following types of advanced driver assistance systems, which are primarily aiming for reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, shall be declared in the input to the simulation tool:

8.1.1. Engine stop-start during vehicle stops: system which automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine during vehicle stops to reduce engine idling time. For automatic engine shut down the maximum time delay after the vehicle stop shall be not longer than 3 seconds.

8.1.2. Eco-roll without engine stop-start: system which automatically decouples the internal combustion engine from the drivetrain during specific downhill driving conditions with low negative gradients. During these phases the internal combustion engine is operated in engine idling. The system shall be active at least at all cruise control set speeds above 60 km/h.

8.1.3. Eco-roll with engine stop-start: system which automatically decouples the internal combustion engine from the drivetrain during specific downhill driving conditions with low negative slopes. During these phases the internal combustion engine is shut down after a short time delay and keeps shut down during the main share of the eco-roll phase. The system shall be active at least at all cruise control set speeds of above 60 km/h.

8.1.4. Predictive cruise control (PCC): systems which optimise the usage of potential energy during a driving cycle based on an available preview of road gradient data and the use of a GPS system. A PCC system declared in the input to the simulation tool shall have a gradient preview distance longer than 1 000 metres and cover all following functionalities: (1) Crest coasting Approaching a crest the vehicle velocity is reduced before the point where the vehicle starts accelerating by gravity alone compared to the set speed of the cruise control so that the braking during the following downhill phase can be reduced. (2) Acceleration without engine power During downhill driving with a low vehicle velocity and a high negative slope the vehicle acceleration is performed without any engine power usage so that the downhill braking can be reduced. (3) Dip coasting During downhill driving when the vehicle is braking at the overspeed velocity, PCC increases the overspeed for a short period of time to end the downhill event with a higher vehicle velocity. Overspeed is a higher vehicle speed than the set speed of the cruise control system. A PCC system can be declared as input to the simulation tool if either the functionalities set out in points (1) and (2) or points (1), (2) and (3) are covered.

8.2. The eleven combinations of the advanced driver assistance systems as set out in Table 7 are input parameters into the simulation tool:







Table 7 Combinations of advanced driver assistance systems as input parameters into the simulation tool Combination No Engine stop-start during vehicle stops Eco-roll without engine stop-start Eco-roll with engine stop-start Predictive cruise control 1 yes no no no 2 no yes no no 3 no no yes no 4 no no no yes 5 yes yes no no 6 yes no yes no 7 yes no no yes 8 no yes no yes 9 no no yes yes 10 yes yes no yes 11 yes no yes yes

8.3. Any advanced driver assistance system declared in the input into the simulation tool shall by default be set to fuel economy mode after each key-off/key-on cycle.

8.4. If an advanced driver assistance system is declared in the input into the simulation tool, it shall be possible to verify the presence of such a system based on real world driving and the system definitions as set out in point 8.1. If a certain combination of systems is declared, also the interaction of functionalities (e.g. predictive cruise control plus eco-roll with engine stop-start) shall be demonstrated. In the verification procedure it shall be taken into consideration, that the systems need certain boundary conditions to be ‘active’ (e.g. engine at operation temperature for engine stop-start, certain vehicle speed ranges for PCC, certain ratios of road gradients with vehicle mass for eco-roll). The vehicle manufacturer needs to submit a functional description of boundary conditions when the systems are ‘inactive’ or their efficiency is reduced. The approval authority may request the technical justifications of these boundary conditions from the applicant for approval and assess them for compliance.

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ANNEX IV

MODEL OF THE MANUFACTURER'S RECORDS FILE AND OF THE CUSTOMER INFORMATION FILE

PART I

Vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel consumption – Manufacturer's records file

The manufacturer's records file will be produced by the simulation tool and shall at least contain the following information:

1. Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data

1.1. Vehicle data

1.1.1. Name and address of manufacturer

1.1.2. Vehicle model

1.1.3. Vehicle identification number (VIN) …

1.1.4. Vehicle category (N1 N2, N3, M1, M2, M3) …

1.1.5. Axle configuration …

1.1.6. Max. gross vehicle weight (t) …

1.1.7. Vehicle group in accordance with Table 1 …

1.1.8. Corrected actual curb mass (kg) …

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1.1.9. Vocational vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.10. Zero emission heavy-duty vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.11. Hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.12. Dual-fuel vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.13. Sleeper cab (yes/no) …

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1.2. Main engine specifications

1.2.1. Engine model

1.2.2. Engine certification number …

1.2.3. Engine rated power (kW) …

1.2.4. Engine idling speed (1/min) …

1.2.5. Engine rated speed (1/min) …

1.2.6. Engine capacity (ltr) …

▼M1

1.2.7. Fuel type (Diesel CI/CNG PI/LNG PI…) …

1.2.8. Hash of the engine input data and input information …

▼B

1.3. Main transmission specifications

1.3.1. Transmission model

1.3.2. Transmission certification number …

1.3.3. Main option used for generation of loss maps (Option1/Option2/Option3/Stnadard values) …:

1.3.4. Transmission type (SMT, AMT, APT-S,APT-P) …

1.3.5. Nr. of gears …

1.3.6. Transmission ratio final gear …

1.3.7. Retarder type …

1.3.8. Power take off (yes/no) …

▼M1

1.3.9. Hash of the transmission input data and input information …

▼B

1.4. Retarder specifications

1.4.1. Retarder model

1.4.2. Retarder certification number …

1.4.3. Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement) …

▼M1

1.4.4. Hash of the other torque transferring components input data and input information …

▼B

1.5. Torque converter specification

1.5.1. Torque converter model

1.5.2. Torque converter certification number …

1.5.3. Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement) …

▼M1

1.5.4. Hash of the torque converter input data and input information …

▼B

1.6. Angle drive specifications

1.6.1. Angle drive model

1.6.2. Axle certification number …

1.6.3. Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement) …

1.6.4. Angle drive ratio …

▼M1

1.6.5. Hash of the additional driveline components input data and input information …

▼B

1.7. Axle specifications

1.7.1. Axle model …

1.7.2. Axle certification number …

1.7.3. Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement) …

1.7.4. Axle type (e.g. standard single driven axle) …

1.7.5. Axle ratio …

▼M1

1.7.6. Hash of the axle input data and input information …

▼B

1.8. Aerodynamics

1.8.1. Model

1.8.2. Certification option used for generation of CdxA (standard values /measurement) …

1.8.3. CdxA Certification number (if applicable) …

1.8.4. CdxA value …

▼M1

1.8.5. Hash of the air drag input data and input information …

▼B

1.9. Main tyre specifications

1.9.1. Tyre dimension axle 1 …

1.9.2. Tyre certification number …

1.9.3. Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 1 …

▼M1

1.9.3a. Hash of the tyre input data and input information axle 1 …

▼B

1.9.4. Tyre dimension axle 2 …

1.9.5. Twin axle (yes/no) axle 2 …

1.9.6. Tyre certification number …

1.9.7. Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 2 …

▼M1

1.9.7a. Hash of the tyre input data and input information axle 2 …

▼B

1.9.8. Tyre dimension axle 3 …

1.9.9. Twin axle (yes/no) axle 3 …

1.9.10. Tyre certification number …

1.9.11. Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 3 …

▼M1

1.9.11a. Hash of the tyre input data and input information axle 3 …

▼B

1.9.12. Tyre dimension axle 4 …

1.9.13. Twin axle (yes/no) axle 4 …

1.9.14. Tyre certification number …

1.9.15. Specific RRC of all tyres on axle 4 …

▼M1

1.9.16. Hash of the tyre input data and input information axle 4 …

▼B

1.10. Main auxiliary specifications

1.10.1. Engine cooling fan technology …

1.10.2. Steering pump technology …

1.10.3. Electric system technology …

1.10.4. Pneumatic system technology …

1.11. Engine torque limitations

1.11.1. Engine torque limit at gear 1 (% of max engine torque) …

1.11.2. Engine torque limit at gear 2 (% of max engine torque) …

1.11.3. Engine torque limit at gear 3 (% of max engine torque) …

1.11.4. Engine torque limit at gear … (% of max engine torque)

▼M1

1.12. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)

1.12.1. Engine stop-start during vehicle stops (yes/no) …

1.12.2. Eco-roll without engine stop-start (yes/no) …

1.12.3. Eco-roll with engine stop-start (yes/no) …

1.12.4. Predictive cruise control (yes/no) …

▼B

2. Mission profile and loading dependent values

2.1. Simulation parameters (for each profile/load/fuel combination)

▼M1

2.1.1. Mission profile (long haul/long haul (EMS)/regional/regional (EMS)/urban/municipal/construction) …

▼B

2.1.2. Load (as defined in the simulation tool) (kg) …

2.1.3. Fuel (diesel/petrol/LPG/CNG/…) …

2.1.4. Total vehicle mass in simulation (kg) …

2.2. Vehicle driving performance and information for simulation quality check

2.2.1. Average speed (km/h) …

2.2.2. Minimum instantaneous speed (km/h) …

2.2.3. Maximum instantaneous speed (km/h) …

2.2.4. Maximum deceleration (m/s2) …

2.2.5. Maximum acceleration (m/s2) …

2.2.6. Full load percentage on driving time …

2.2.7. Total number of gear shifts …

2.2.8. Total driven distance (km) …

2.3. Fuel and CO2 results

2.3.1. Fuel consumption (g/km) …

2.3.2. Fuel consumption (g/t-km) …

2.3.3. Fuel consumption (g/p-km) …

2.3.4. Fuel consumption (g/m3-km) …

2.3.5. Fuel consumption (l/100km) …

2.3.6. Fuel consumption (l/t-km) …

2.3.7. Fuel consumption (l/p-km) …

2.3.8. Fuel consumption (l/m3-km) …

2.3.9. Fuel consumption (MJ/km) …

2.3.10. Fuel consumption (MJ/t-km) …

2.3.11. Fuel consumption (MJ/p-km) …

2.3.12. Fuel consumption (MJ/m3-km) …

2.3.13. CO2 (g/km) …

2.3.14. CO2 (g/t-km) …

2.3.15. CO2 (g/p-km) …

2.3.16. CO2 (g/m3-km) …

3. Software and user information

3.1. Software and user information

3.1.1. Simulation tool version (X.X.X) …

3.1.2. Date and time of the simulation

3.1.3. Hash of simulation tool input information and input data …

▼M1

3.1.4. Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file …

▼B

PART II

Vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel consumption - Customer information file

1. Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data

1.1. Vehicle data

1.1.1. Vehicle identification number (VIN) …

1.1.2. Vehicle category (N1 N2, N3, M1, M2, M3) …

1.1.3. Axle configuration …

1.1.4. Max. gross vehicle weight (t) …

1.1.5. Vehicle's group …

1.1.6. Name and address of manufacturer …

▼M1

1.1.7. Model …

▼B

1.1.8. Corrected actual curb mass (kg) …

▼M1

1.1.9. Vocational vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.10. Zero emission heavy-duty vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.11. Hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.12. Dual-fuel vehicle (yes/no) …

1.1.13. Sleeper cab (yes/no) …

▼B

1.2. Component, separate technical unit and systems data

1.2.1. Engine rated power (kW) …

1.2.2. Engine capacity (ltr) …

▼M1

1.2.3. Fuel type (Diesel CI/CNG PI/LNG PI…) …

▼B

1.2.4. Transmission values (measured/standard) …

1.2.5. Transmission type (SMT, AMT, AT-S, AT-S) …

1.2.6. Nr. of gears …

1.2.7. Retarder (yes/no) …

1.2.8. Axle ratio …

▼M1

1.2.9. Average rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) of all tyres of the motor vehicle: …

▼M1

1.2.10. Average fuel efficiency labelling class of all tyres of the motor vehicle in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 …

1.2.11. Engine stop-start during vehicle stops (yes/no) …

1.2.12. Eco-roll without engine stop-start (yes/no) …

1.2.13. Eco-roll with engine stop-start (yes/no) …

1.2.14. Predictive cruise control (yes/no) …

2. CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle (for each payload/mission profile)

2.1. Payload low [kg]:







Average vehicle speed CO2 emissions Fuel consumption Long haul … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Long haul (EMS) … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Regional delivery … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Regional delivery (EMS) … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Urban delivery … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Municipal utility … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Construction … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km

2.2. Payload representative [kg]:







Average vehicle speed CO2 emissions Fuel consumption Long haul … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Long haul (EMS) … km/h … g/km … g/t-km …g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Regional delivery …km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Regional delivery (EMS) … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Urban delivery … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Municipal utility … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km Construction … km/h … g/km … g/t-km … g/m3-km … l/100km … l/t-km … l/m3-km

2.3. Specific CO2 emissions [gCO2/tkm] …

2.4. Average payload value [t] …

2.5. Software and user information



Simulation tool version [X.X.X] Date and time of the simulation [-]

3. Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file …

▼M1 —————

▼B









ANNEX V

VERIFYING ENGINE DATA

1. Introduction

The engine test procedure described in this Annex shall produce input data relating to engines for the simulation tool.

2. Definitions

For the purposes of this Annex the definitions according to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06 and, in addition to these, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) ‘engine CO2-family’ means a manufacturer's grouping of engines, as defined in paragraph 1 of Appendix 3;

(2) ‘CO2-parent engine’ means an engine selected from an engine CO2-family as specified in Appendix 3;

(3) ‘NCV’ means net calorific value of a fuel as specified in paragraph 3.2;

(4) ‘specific mass emissions’ means the total mass emissions divided by the total engine work over a defined period expressed in g/kWh;

(5) ‘specific fuel consumption’ means the total fuel consumption divided by the total engine work over a defined period expressed in g/kWh;

(6) ‘FCMC’ means fuel consumption mapping cycle;

(7) ‘Full load’ means the delivered engine torque/power at a certain engine speed when the engine is operated at maximum operator demand.

The definitions in paragraphs 3.1.5 and 3.1.6. of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06 shall not apply.

3. General requirements

The calibration laboratory facilities shall comply with the requirements of either ISO/TS 16949, ISO 9000 series or ISO/IEC 17025. All laboratory reference measurement equipment, used for calibration and/or verification, shall be traceable to national or international standards.

Engines shall be grouped into engine CO2-families defined in accordance with Appendix 3. Paragraph 4.1 explains which testruns shall be performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine CO2-family.

3.1 Test conditions

All testruns performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine CO2-family defined in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Annex shall be conducted on the same physical engine and without any changes to the setup of the engine dynamometer and the engine system, apart from the exceptions defined in paragraph 4.2 and Appendix 3.

3.1.1 Laboratory test conditions

The tests shall be conducted under ambient conditions meeting the following conditions over the whole testrun:

(1) The parameter fa describing the laboratory test conditions, determined in accordance with paragraph 6.1 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06, shall be within the following limits: 0,96 ≤ fa ≤ 1,04.

(2) The absolute temperature (Ta) of the engine intake air expressed in Kelvin, determined in accordance with paragraph 6.1 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06 shall be within the following limits: 283 K ≤ Ta ≤ 303 K.

(3) The atmospheric pressure expressed in kPa, determined in accordance with paragraph 6.1 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06 shall be within the following limits: 90 kPa ≤ ps ≤ 102 kPa.

If tests are performed in test cells that are able to simulate barometric conditions other than those existing in the atmosphere at the specific test site, the applicable fa value shall be determined with the simulated values of atmospheric pressure by the conditioning system. The same reference value for the simulated atmospheric pressure shall be used for the intake air and exhaust path and all other relevant engine systems. The actual value of the simulated atmospheric pressure for the intake air and exhaust path and all other relevant engine systems shall be within the limits specified in subpoint (3).

In cases where the ambient pressure in the atmosphere at the specific test site exceeds the upper limit of 102 kPa, tests in accordance with this Annex may still be performed. In this case tests shall be performed with the specific ambient air pressure in the atmosphere.

In cases where the test cell has the ability to control temperature, pressure and/or humidity of engine intake air independent of the atmospheric conditions the same settings for those parameters shall be used for all testruns performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine CO2-family defined in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Annex.

3.1.2 Engine installation

The test engine shall be installed in accordance with paragraphs 6.3 to 6.6 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

If auxiliaries/equipment necessary for operating the engine system are not installed as required in accordance with paragraph 6.3 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06, all measured engine torque values shall be corrected for the power required for driving these components for the purpose of this Annex in accordance with paragraph 6.3 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

The power consumption of the following engine components resulting in the engine torque required for driving these engine components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 5 to this Annex:

(1) fan

(2) electrically powered auxiliaries/equipment necessary for operating the engine system

3.1.3 Crankcase emissions

In the case of a closed crankcase, the manufacturer shall ensure that the engine's ventilation system does not permit the emission of any crankcase gases into the atmosphere. If the crankcase is of an open type, the emissions shall be measured and added to the tailpipe emissions, following the provisions set out in paragraph 6.10. of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

3.1.4 Engines with charge air-cooling

During all testruns the charge air cooling system used on the test bed shall be operated under conditions which are representative for in-vehicle application at reference ambient conditions. The reference ambient conditions are defined as 293 K for air temperature and 101,3 kPa for pressure.

The laboratory charge air cooling for tests according to this regulation should comply with the provisions specified in paragraph 6.2 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

3.1.5 Engine cooling system

(1) During all testruns the engine cooling system used on the test bed shall be operated under conditions which are representative for in-vehicle application at reference ambient conditions. The reference ambient conditions are defined as 293 K for air temperature and 101,3 kPa for pressure.

(2) The engine cooling system should be equipped with thermostats according to the manufacturer specification for vehicle installation. If either a non-operational thermostat is installed or no thermostat is used, subpoint (3) shall apply. The setting of the cooling system shall be performed in accordance with subpoint (4).

(3) If no thermostat is used or a non-operational thermostat is installed, the test bed system shall reflect the behavior of the thermostat under all test conditions. The setting of the cooling system shall be performed in accordance with subpoint (4).

▼M1

(4) The engine coolant flow rate (or alternatively the pressure difference across the engine side of the heat exchanger) and the engine coolant temperature shall be set to a value representative for in-vehicle application at reference ambient conditions when the engine is operated at rated speed and full load with the engine thermostat in fully open position. This setting defines the coolant reference temperature. For all testruns performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine within one engine CO2-family, the cooling system setting shall not be changed, neither on the engine side nor on the test bed side of the cooling system. The temperature of the test bed side cooling medium shall be kept reasonably constant by good engineering judgement. The cooling medium on the test bed side of the heat exchanger shall not exceed the nominal thermostat opening temperatur downstream of the heat exchanger.

▼B

(5) For all testruns performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine within one engine CO2-family the engine coolant temperature shall be maintained between the nominal value of the thermostat opening temperature declared by the manufacturer and the coolant reference temperature in accordance with subpoint (4) as soon as the engine coolant has reached the declared thermostat opening temperature after engine cold start.

(6) For the WHTC coldstart test performed in accordance with paragraph 4.3.3, the specific initial conditions are specified in paragraphs 7.6.1. and 7.6.2 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06. If simulation of the thermostat behaviour in accordance with subpoint (3) is applied, there shall be no coolant flow across the heat exchanger as long as the engine coolant has not reached the declared nominal thermostat opening temperature after cold start.

3.2 Fuels

The respective reference fuel for the engine systems under test shall be selected from the fuel types listed in Table 1. The fuel properties of the reference fuels listed in Table 1 shall be those specified in Annex IX to Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

To ensure that the same fuel is used for all testruns performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine CO2-family no refill of the tank or switch to another tank supplying the engine system shall occur. Exceptionally a refill or switch may be allowed if it can be ensured that the replacement fuel has exactly the same properties as the fuel used before (same production batch).

The NCV for the fuel used shall be determined by two separate measurements in accordance with the respective standards for each fuel type defined in Table 1. The two separate measurements shall be performed by two different labs independent from the manufacturer applying for certification. The lab performing the measurements shall comply with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025. The approval authority shall ensure that the fuel sample used for determination of the NCV is taken from the batch of fuel used for all testruns.

If the two separate values for the NCV are deviating by more than 440 Joule per gram fuel, the values determined shall be void and the measurement campaign shall be repeated.

▼M1

The mean value of the two separate NCV that are not deviating by more than 440 Joule per gram fuel shall be documented in MJ/kg rounded to 2 places to the right of the decimal point in accordance with ASTM E 29-06.

▼B

For gas fuels the standards for determining the NCV according to Table 1 contain the calculation of the calorific value based on the fuel composition. The gas fuel composition for determining the NCV shall be taken from the analysis of the reference gas fuel batch used for the certification tests. For the determination of the gas fuel composition used for determining the NCV only one single analysis by a lab independent from the manufacturer applying for certification shall be performed. For gas fuels the NCV shall be determined based on this single analysis instead of a mean value of two separate measurements.

▼M1

For gas fuels, switches between fuel tanks of different production batches are allowed exceptionally; in that case, the NCV of each used fuel batch should be calculated and the highest value should be documented.

▼B







Table 1 Reference fuels for testing Fuel type / engine type Reference fuel type Standard used for determination of NCV Diesel / CI B7 at least ASTM D240 or DIN 59100-1 (ASTM D4809 is recommended) Ethanol / CI ED95 at least ASTM D240 or DIN 59100-1 (ASTM D4809 is recommended) Petrol / PI E10 at least ASTM D240 or DIN 59100-1 (ASTM D4809 is recommended) Ethanol / PI E85 at least ASTM D240 or DIN 59100-1 (ASTM D4809 is recommended) LPG / PI LPG Fuel B ASTM 3588 or DIN 51612 ▼M1 Natural gas / PI G25 or GR ISO 6976 or ASTM 3588 ▼B

3.3 Lubricants

The lubricating oil for all testruns performed in accordance with this Annex shall be a commercially available oil with unrestricted manufacturer approval under normal in-service conditions as defined in paragraph 4.2 of Annex 8 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06. Lubricants for which the usage is restricted to certain special operation conditions of the engine system or having an unusually short oil change interval shall not be used for the purpose of testruns in accordance with this Annex. The commercially available oil shall not be modified by any means and no additives shall be added.

All testruns performed for the purpose of certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of one specific engine CO2-family shall be performed with the same type of lubricating oil.

3.4 Fuel flow measurement system

All fuel flows consumed by the whole engine system shall be captured by the fuel flow measurement system. Additional fuel flows not directly supplied to the combustion process in the engine cylinders shall be included in the fuel flow signal for all testruns performed. Additional fuel injectors (e.g. cold start devices) not necessary for the operation of the engine system shall be disconnected from the fuel supply line during all testruns performed.

3.5 Measurement equipment specifications

The measurement equipment shall meet the requirements of paragraph 9 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

Notwithstanding the requirements defined in paragraph 9 of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06, the measurement systems listed in Table 2 shall meet the limits defined in Table 2.







Table 2 Requirements of measurement systems Linearity Measurement system Intercept | xmin × (a1 – 1) + a0 | Slope a1 Standard error of estimate SEE Coefficient of determination r2 Accuracy (1) Rise time (2) Engine speed ≤ 0,2 % max calibration (3) 0,999 - 1,001 ≤ 0,1 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,9985 0,2 % of reading or 0,1 % of max. calibration (3) of speed whichever is larger ≤ 1 s Engine torque ≤ 0,5 % max calibration (3) 0,995 - 1,005 ≤ 0,5 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,995 0,6 % of reading or 0,3 % of max. calibration (3) of torque whichever is larger ≤ 1 s Fuel mass flow for liquid fuels ≤ 0,5 % max calibration (3) 0,995 - 1,005 ≤ 0,5 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,995 0,6 % of reading or 0,3 % of max. calibration (3) of flow whichever is larger ≤ 2 s Fuel mass flow for gaseous fuels ≤ 1 % max calibration (3) 0,99 - 1,01 ≤ 1 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,995 1 % of reading or 0,5 % of max. calibration (3) of flow whichever is larger ≤ 2 s Electrical Power ≤ 1 % max calibration (3) 0,98 - 1,02 ≤ 2 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,990 n.a. ≤ 1 s Current ≤ 1 % max calibration (3) 0,98 - 1,02 ≤ 2 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,990 n.a. ≤ 1 s Voltage ≤ 1 % max calibration (3) 0,98 - 1,02 ≤ 2 % max calibration (3) ≥ 0,990 n.a. ≤ 1 s (1) ‘Accuracy’ means the deviation of the analyzer reading from a reference value which is traceable to a national or international standard. (2) ‘Rise time’ means the difference in time between the 10 percent and 90 percent response of the final analyzer reading (t90 – t10). (3) The ‘max calibration’ values shall be 1,1 times the maximum predicted value expected during all testruns for the respective measurement system.

‘xmin’, used for calculation of the intercept value in Table 2, shall be 0,9 times the minimum predicted value expected during all testruns for the respective measurement system.

The signal delivery rate of the measurement systems listed in Table 2, except for the fuel mass flow measurement system, shall be at least 5 Hz (≥ 10 Hz recommended). The signal delivery rate of the fuel mass flow measurement system shall be at least 2 Hz.

All measurement data shall be recorded with a sample rate of at least 5 Hz (≥ 10 Hz recommended).

3.5.1 Measurement equipment verification

A verification of the demanded requirements defined in Table 2 shall be performed for each measurement system. At least 10 reference values between xmin and the ‘max calibration’ value defined in accordance with paragraph 3.5 shall be introduced to the measurement system and the response of the measurement system shall be recorded as measured value.

For the linearity verification the measured values shall be compared to the reference values by using a least squares linear regression in accordance with paragraph A.3.2 of Appendix 3 to Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

4. Testing procedure

All measurement data shall be determined in accordance with Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06, unless stated otherwise in this Annex.

4.1 Overview of testruns to be performed

Table 3 gives an overview of all testruns to be performed for the purpose of certification of one specific engine CO2-family defined in accordance with Appendix 3.

The fuel consumption mapping cycle in accordance with paragraph 4.3.5 and the recording of the engine motoring curve in accordance with paragraph 4.3.2 shall be omitted for all other engines except the CO2-parent engine of the engine CO2-family.

In the case that upon request of the manufacturer the provisions defined in Article 15(5) of this Regulation are applied, the fuel consumption mapping cycle in accordance with paragraph 4.3.5 and the recording of the engine motoring curve in accordance with paragraph 4.3.2 shall be performed additionally for that specific engine.







Table 3 Overview of testruns to be performed Testrun Reference to paragraph Required to be run for CO2-parent engine Required to be run for other engines within CO2-family Engine full load curve 4.3.1 yes yes Engine motoring curve 4.3.2 yes no WHTC test 4.3.3 yes yes WHSC test 4.3.4 yes yes Fuel consumption mapping cycle 4.3.5 yes no

4.2 Allowed changes to the engine system

Changing of the target value for the engine idle speed controller to a lower value in the electronic control unit of the engine shall be allowed for all testruns in which idle operation occurs, in order to prevent interference between the engine idle speed controller and the test bed speed controller.

4.3 Testruns

4.3.1 Engine full load curve

The engine full load curve shall be recorded in accordance with paragraphs 7.4.1. to 7.4.5. of Annex 4 to UN/ECE Regulation 49 Rev.06.

4.3.2 Engine motoring curve

The recording of the engine motoring curve in accordance with this paragraph shall be omitted for all other engines except the CO2-parent engine of the engine CO2-family defined in accordance with Appendix 3. In accordance with paragraph 6.1.3 the engine motoring curve recorded for the CO2-parent engine of the engine CO2-family shall also be applicable to all engines within the same engine CO2-family.

In the case that upon request of the manufacturer the provisions defined in Article 15(5) of this Regulation are applied, the recording of the engine motoring curve shall be performed a