1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No1091/94
of29April1994
layingdowncertaindetailedrulesfortheimplementationofCouncilRegulation(EEC)No3528/86
ontheprotectionoftheCommunity'sforestsagainstatmosphericpollution
(OJ L 125, 18.5.1994, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Regulation (EC) No 690/95 of 30 March 1995 L 71 25 31.3.1995
▼B
COMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No1091/94
of29April1994
layingdowncertaindetailedrulesfortheimplementationofCouncil
Regulation(EEC)No3528/86ontheprotectionoftheCommunity's
forestsagainstatmosphericpollution
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 of 17
November 1986 on the protection of the Community's forests againstatmospheric pollution(
1), as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No
2157/92(2), and in particular Article 3 thereof,
Having regard to Resolution No 1 of the first ministerial conference on
the protection of forests in Europe(3) and its follow-up,
Whereas, pursuant to Article 2 (1) indent 3 and 4 of Regulation (EEC)
No 3528/86, the purpose of the Community scheme is to help the
Member States to:
— conduct intensive, continuous surveillance of forestry ecosystems,
— establish or extend, in a coordinated and harmonious way, a network
of permanent observation plots required for such intensive,
continuous surveillance;
Whereas, pursuant to Article 2 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 the
Member States shall forward to the Commission the data gathered by thenetwork of observation plots for intensive, continuous suveillance;
Whereas this network of observation plots is installed in order to obtain
detailed data on the evolution of forest ecosystems in the Community;whereas this approach allows correlations to be established between thevariation of environmental factors, especially atmospheric pollution andthe reaction of forest ecosystems; whereas the data it provides, allows a
better interpretation of the findings derived from the systematic network
of observation plots as specified in Commission Regulation (EEC) No1696/87(
4), as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 836/94(5);
Whereas applications for aid submitted under Regulation (EEC) No
3528/86 for the purpose of carrying out an intensive, continuoussurveillance referred to in Article 2 (1) should contain all theinformation needed for an examination of these measures in the lightof the objectives and criteria of that Regulation; whereas this
information should be presented in a standardized form to facilitate
examination and a comparison of applications;
Whereas the measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance
with the opinion of the Standing Forestry Committee,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
1. A network of permanent observation plots shall be installed by the
Member States. By 30 June 1994, the selection of the plots shall becompleted and over 50 % of the plots shall be installed, according to the
common methods for the establishment of a network of permanent
observation plots for intensive, continuous monitoring (see Annex I).The last plots shall be installed before 30 June 1995. For all plots theMember States shall forward to the Commission by 15 December 1994 areview of the selection criteriaa nd acomplete list of the selected plots,including basic information such as location (longitude, latitude,1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No L 326, 21. 11. 1986, p. 2.
(2) OJ No L 217, 31. 7. 1992, p. 1.
(3) December 1990, Strasbourg.
(4) OJ No L 161, 10. 6. 1987, p. 1.
(5) OJ No L 97, 15. 4. 1994, p. 4.
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altitude) and species, as well as the general plot information for each
installed observation plot in a standardized form as specified in AnnexVIIa.
2. On the permanent observation plots intensive and continuous
surveillance of the forest ecosystems shall be carried out. This containsthe continuous inventory of the crown condition, the inventory of soiland foliar condition and measurements on increment changes, depositionrates and meteorology in accordance with objective sampling methodsand analysed in accordance with established methods.
3. By 31 December 1996, Member States shall forward to the
Commission in a standardized form the data collected from the diffferent
surveillance undertaken between 1991 and 1996 for each permanentobservation plot together with an interpretation of the results as specifiedin Annex VII.
4. Technical details pertaining to the provisions of this Article are set
out in Annexes III to VI.
Article 2
1. Applications for aid from the Community:
— to establish or extend the network of permanent observation plots for
the intensive and continuous surveillance,
— to carry out the inventory of crown condition,
— to carry out the soil inventory,
— to carry out the foliage inventory,— to carry out the increment measurements,— to carry out the deposition measurements, and— to carry out the meteorological measurements,
within the meaning of Article 2 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86
shall contain the information and documents specified in Annex II tothis Regulation.
Applications shall be submitted in triplicate and in accordance with
Annex II.
Member States shall submit applications to the Commission before 1
November each year in respect for the following year.
2. Applications not meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 1
of this Article shall not be considered.
Article 3
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its
publication in the Official JournaloftheEuropeanCommunities .
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in
all Member States.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 3
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ANNEX I
COMMON METHODS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NETWORK
OF PERMANENT OBSERVATION PLOTS FOR INTENSIVE, CONTIN-
UOUSMONITORING
(Article2(1)toRegulation(EEC)No3528/86anditsamendments)
I.Generalremarks
The purpose of the scheme mentioned in Article 2 (1) to Regulation
(EEC) No 3528/86 and its amendments is to establish a network of
permanent observation plots in the Member States of the Community and
to collect data by intensive and continuous surveillance.
The objectives of the scheme are:
— to conduct an intensive and continuous monitoring of forest
ecosystems in relation to the damage caused by atmospheric pollution
and other factors influencing forest condition,
— to improve the understanding of the causal relationship between
changes in forest ecosystem and the factors influencing it, especially
atmospheric pollution, by concentrating at a single location various
measurements and monitoring of forest ecosystems and its compo-
nent,
— to obtain relevant information on the evolution of a number of forest
ecosystems in the Community.
II.Establishmentofthenetworkofpermanentobservationplots
II.1.Selection ofplots
Member States shall select by 30 June 1994 at its latest a sufficiently
large number of permanent observation plots in their country. The
maximum number of these plots should in principle not exceed 20 % of
the number of national plots of the Community's 16 x 16 km gridnet
(Regulation EEC No 1696/87). Member States with a limited number of
plots of the Community's gridnet, are allowed to select a larger number of
permanent plots under the condition that the number shall be limited up to
15 plots.
The selection of these plots are the responsibility of the Member States,
although the following criteria for the selection should be applied:
— the plots should be located in such a way that the more important
forest species and more widespread growing conditions in the
respective country are represented,
— the minimum size of a plot shall be 0,25 hectares measured on a
horizontal plane,
— to minimize the effects from activities on surrounding areas the plot
shall be surrounded by a buffer zone. The actual width of the zone is
depending on the type and age of the forest. If the area of the plot and
its surroundings is uniform with regard to height and age structure, the
width of the buffer zone can be restricted to 5 or 10 m. If the forest
area in which the plot is located consists of mixed stands, different
species or age structure, the buffer zone shall be enlarged to up to five
times the potential maximum height of the forest in the plot,
— as the plot will have to be available for long duration monitoring, it is
necessary that the corners and/or boundaries are clearly marked and
that each sample tree in the plot is numbered in a permanent way,
— the plots should be easily accessible at all times and no restrictions
with regard to the access and sampling should exist,
— there should be no differences in the management of the plot, its
buffer zone and the surrounding forest (e. g. mangagement operations
should be comparable and disturbances by the monitoring should be
kept to aminimum),
— direct pollution from known local sources should be avoided. Plots
should not be located in the immediate surrounding of farms, very
close to main roads or in the direct vicinity of polluting industries,
— a sufficient number of trees should be available for sampling in or
nearby the plot,
— the plots and the buffer zone should be as uniform as possible
regarding, e.g. species or species mixture, age size, soil and slope,
— the plots should be located sufficiently far away from the forest edge.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 4
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It is recommended to select plots which have been monitored during the
last years within the framework of the Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 or
other programmes. When additional plots have to be selected it is
recommended that plots are identical with or located nearby one of the
existing plots of the Community's 16 x 16 km network and that plots are
located in such a way that information from other sources (e.g.
meteorological stations) can be used.
II.2.Installationanddocumentationoftheplot
Member States shall install, preferably all, but at least over 50 % of the
plots in a permanent way by 30 June 1994. In certain cases it could be
acceptable that the actual installation of the last plots is delayed for one
year. Each installed plot shall be described in detail. General data shall be
determined and reported before 15 December 1994. The detailed
description of the plot shall include: the exact location of the plot, a
sketch map shall be prepared showing the permanent marking of the plot
corners and/or boundaries, the number of trees in the plot and any other
relevant permanent elements in or nearby the plot (e. g. access road,
rivers). In the future, the exact location of sample sites (e.g. soil pits) shall
be recorded on this map as well.
II.3.Definition ofasub-plot
In principle all trees in the total plot are to be included in the sample for
the tree assessment (e.g. crown inventory, increment assessment). In the
case that the plot has many trees (i.e. dense stands), a sub-plot may be
defined to be used for these surveys. The size of the sub-plot at the time
of the installation of the plot should be large enough to give reliable
estimates for these surveys for a minimum of 20 years, preferably
throughout the life of the stand. A minimum of at least 20 trees in the sub-
plot should be available in this period.
II.4.Generalinformationoneachplot
The following general information on each permanent observation plot
for the intensive and continuous monitoring shall be collected during the
installation and the first surveys:
Installation First surveys
Descriptive code Country
Observation plot
number
Actual latitude and
longitude
Site data Altitude
Orientation
Total plot size
Number of trees in
plot
Sub-plot (if any)Availability of water
to the principal
species
Humus type
Soil unit (estimate)
Stand data Mean age of domi-
nant storey
Main tree species
Yield (estimate)
Other observation History of the plot
Nearby situated
other monitoring
station
By 15 December 1994, the Member States shall forward to the
Commission for each installed plot the information collected during the
installation using a datafile (see Annex VIIa, Form 1a) and reports (see
Annex VIIa, Form 1b). Important information obtained during the years
of monitoring shall be submitted yearly using the Forms 1a and 1b
(Annex VII). The other information shall be submitted right after the first
relevant survey has been carried out and will be updated when necessary.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 5
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II.5.Replacement ofpermanentobservationplots
Permanent observation plots have to be available for long duration
monitoring. In case of unforeseen events (e.g. destruction of trees in the
plot by fire, storm) a replacement of this plot might be necessary.
Member States shall forward to the Commission the basic information for
the new plot as specified in this Annex.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 6
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ANNEX II
APPLICATIONSFORAIDFROMTHECOMMUNITYINRESPECTOF
THE MEASURES TO BE CARRIED OUT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 2
OFREGULATION(EEC)No3528/86ANDITSAMENDMENTS
Applications for aid must be presented in accordance with Annex A to
Commission Regulation (EEC) No 526/87(1) together with asumma ry of the
information listed below and the completed table as included to this Annex as
Form 2a.
For each of the measures to be carried out in accordance to Article 2, information
on the following items shall be given:
1.Shortdescriptionofthemeasures
2.Applicant
Links between the applicant and the measures
3.Agency responsibleforcarryingoutthemeasures
Object and scope of the agency's main activities
4.Detailed descriptionofthemeasureswhere:
(a) the measures relate to establishing or extending the network of permanent
observation plots for the intensive and continuous surveillance
1. Description of existing situation
2. Geographical location and area of the region(s) concerned (+carto-
graphical document)
3. Number of permanent observation plots
(b) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of an inventory of
the crown condition on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of existing situation
2. Number of observation plots, which are to be included in the crown
condition inventory (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the sampling procedure used at plot level
(number of trees, markings, etc.)
4. Indication of timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)
(c) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of an inventory of
the soil condition on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existing situation
2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included in
the soil condition inventory (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the sampling procedures used at plot level
(number of single samples, soil profile description, etc.)
4. Detailed description of parameters to be determined and the analysis
methods to be applied including a clear description of any calibration,
correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the results compatible
with the results analysed according to the approved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)
(d) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of an inventory of
the foliar condition on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existing situation
2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included in
the foliar condition inventory (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the sampling procedures used at plot level
(number of single samples, description, etc.)
4. Detailed description of parameters to be determined and the analysis
methods to be applied including a clear description of any calibration,
correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the results compatible
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 7
(1) OJ No L 53, 21. 2. 1987, p. 14.
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(e) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of the measure-
ments of increment changes on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existing situation
2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included for
the increment measurements (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the measurement procedures used at plot level
(number of measurements, description, etc.)
4. Detailed description of parameters to be determined and the analysis
methods to be applied including a clear description of any calibration,
correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the results compatible
with the results analysed according to the approved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)
(f) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of the measure-
ments of deposition rates on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existing situation
2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included for
the deposition measurements (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the measurement procedures used at plot level
(number of measurements, description, etc.)
4. Detailed description of parameters to be determined and the analysis
methods to be applied including a clear description of any calibration,
correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the results compatible
with the results analysed according to the approved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)
(g) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of the
meteorological measurements on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existing situation
2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included for
the meteorological measurements (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the measurement procedures used at plot level
(number of measurements, description, etc.)
4. Detailed description of parameters to be determined and the analysis
methods to be applied including a clear description of any calibration,
correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the results compatible
with the results analysed according to the approved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)
5.Costofmeasuresunder4ato4g(Form2a)
1. Costs for the establishment or extending the network (4a)
1.1. Costs per plot
1.2. Total costs1.3. Aid applied for from the Community
2. Costs of establishment, observation or sampling for each survey (4b to 4g)
2.1. Costs per plot
2.2. Total costs
2.3. Aid applied for from the Community
3. Costs of analysis and evaluation for each survey (4b to 4g)
3.1. Costs per plot
3.2. Total costs3.3. Aid applied for from the Community
4. Total project costs (Sum of costs for 1.2 (establishment), 2.2 (observations
and/or sampling, and 3.2 (analysis and evaluation))
5. Total aid applied for from the Community (Sum of costs for 1.3
(establishment), 2.3 (observations and/or sampling) and 3.3 (analysis and
evaluation))
6.Complete form2aand2b
… Date and signature1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 8
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ANNEX III
COMMON METHODS FOR THE INVENTORY OF THE CROWN
CONDITIONONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The inventory shall be carried out on all permanent observation plots in
1994 and shall be repeated annually.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Selection ofsampletrees
In principle all pre-dominant, dominant and co-dominant trees (Kraft:
class 1 to 3) in the total plot are to be monitored. In the case that the plot
has many trees (e.g. dense stands), the number of sample trees for the
crown assessment could be reduced by using a sub-plot (see Annex I
(II.3)). In the case of a sub-plot all the pre-dominant, dominant and co-
dominant trees (Kraft: class 1 to 3) in the sub-plot are to be monitored. In
certain cases it could be allowed that a different, but objective and
unbiased system is used to reduce or to select the number of trees to be
sampled. The same methods shall be applied every year and a minimum
of 20 trees shall be assessed each survey.
II.2.Dateofassessment
The inventory is to be undertaken between the end of the formation of
new needles and leaves and before the autumnal leaf discolouration.
II.3.Generalbackgroundinformation
The following general information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— tree number,
— tree species,
— date of assessment.
II.4.Assessmentofsampletrees
1. Visual assessment of defoliation
Defoliation shall be estimated in 5 % steps in relation to a tree with
full foliage in local condition. The classification of trees into degrees
of defoliation shall be carried out during the observation and shall be
registered in 5 % steps.
2. Visual assessment of discolouration
The classification of trees into degrees of discolouration shall be
carried out after the observations have been made.
The degrees of discolouration are defined as follows:
Class DiscolourationIndicative percentage
of leaves discoloured
0 None or negligible 0—10
1 Slight discolouration 11—25
2 Moderate discolouration 26—60
3 Severe discolouration > 60
4 Dead
3. Additional parameters
The additional parameters are listed below:— damage due to easily identifiable causes (insect, fungi, abiotic
agents…),
— identification of damage type,— observations on the tree in the plot.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 11
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II.5.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in standardized forms (see Annex VII, Form 3a and 3b).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 12
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ANNEX IV
COMMONMETHODSFORTHESOILINVENTORYONTHEPERMA-
NENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The inventory is to be carried out on all permanent observation plots in
the period between 1994 and 1996. Soil condition data, which were
collected and analysed before 1994, but after 1 January 1991 could also
be used if the methods as described below have been applied. The
inventory will be repeated on each individual sample plot every 10 years.
This Annex is based on results of the soil expert panel of UN-ECE/ICP on
assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (ICP
forests). Reference is made to the manual (1992) prepared by this expert
panel. After two sampling periods a review of the parameters to be
analysed in future soil samples shall be made.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Selection ofsamplelocation
Soil samples will be statistically representative for the situation of the
plot. The soil samples will be collected from a profile pit and/or taken
from bores. Care should be taken to avoid any disturbance of roots
belonging to sample trees.
II.2.Generalbackgroundinformation
The following general information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— date of sampling and analysis.
II.3.Pedological andphysical characterization ofthesampleplots
A pedological characterization shall be made for each sample plot. It is
advised to make the profile description according to the FAO-guidelines (
FAOguidelines forsoildescription , third edition (revised), Rome 1990)
in the buffer zone. Care should be taken that the profile description(s) is/
are made on a location which is representative for the actual sampling
area. It is recommended that the dry bulk density is determined from
undisturbed soil to enable the calculation of the total nutrient contents. If
the dry bulk density is not determined, a reasonable estimate of this
parameter should be made. The determination of the soil granulometry is
mandatory. The particle size fractions are: < 2 µm, 2-63 µm, 63-2000 µm
(FAO). If 50 µm is used to separate silt and sand fractions, conversion to
63 µm limit has to be done.
II.4.Methodofsampling
The soil samples shall be collected by depth or by horizon. For every
sampled layer or horizon, at least one representative composite sample
will be collected or several samples; the number of subsamples collected
for the composite sample and the sampling date shall be reported.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 13
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The organic layers (O- and H-)(*) are sampled separately. In case the
sampling is done by fixed depth, the following layers are to be used:
— 0 — 10 cm (it is advised to sample 0 — 5 and 5 — 10 separately),
—1 0—2 0c m ,—2 0—4 0c m ,—4 0—8 0c m .
II.5.Transportstorageandpreparation
The samples shall be transported and stored in such a way that chemical
changes are minimized. The procedures of this transport and storage
(including waiting periods) shall be reported. Where applicable the
problems and deviations of these procedures shall be reported in detail. It
is advised to store part of the sample in a soil bank for comparative use
with future sampling (e. g in 10 years). Before the samples are analysed
the samples have to be prepared. Large items (> 2 mm) have to be
removed, the samples have to be dried (at a maximum of 40 ºC), and
milled or sieved.
II.6.Analysismethods
In the ‘Manual on methodologies of forest soil sampling and analysis’
prepared by the soil expert panel of the ICP forests, the approved methods
for the analysis of the various soil parameters are described. It is advised
to use the approved methods. In case other (national) methods are applied,
the comparability of the analysis results shall be reported in detail
together with the presentation of the analysis results. The inventory of the
forest soil condition will distinguish between mandatory and optional
parameters (see list).
Mandatory and optional parameters and their respective approved method
for analysis:
Parameter Units H/O Min Approved methods Remarks
pH (CaCl2) Mandatory Mandatory Labex 8703-01-1-1
and ISO/TC190/
SC3/GT8
Carbon organic
(C-org)(g/kg) Mandatory Mandatory Dry combustion
Nitrogen (N) (g/kg) Mandatory Mandatory Dry combustion
Phosphorus (P) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Potassium (K) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Calcium (Ca) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Magnesium (Mg) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Organic layer
(OrgLay)(kg/m2) Mandatory Volume (cylindric)-
dry-weight
Calcium carbo-
nate (CaCO3)(g/kg) Optional Mandatory AFNOR X 31-105 if pH
(CaCl2)> 61994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 14
(*) The soil expert panel of the UN-ECE/ICP has agreed to use the definitions as given in
the FAO-guidelines for soil description (1990), and the definitions of the organic layers
(O- and H-) are as follows:H-horizons or layers: layers dominated by organic material, formed from accumulationsof undecomposed or partially decomposed organic material at the soil surface whichmay be underwater. All H-horizons are saturated with water for prolonged periods or
were once saturated but are now artificially drained. An H-horizon may be on the top of
mineral soils or at any depth beneath the surface if it is buried.O-horizons or layers: layers dominated by organic material, consisting of undecom-posed or partially decomposed litter, such as leaves, needles, twigs, moss and lichens,which has accumulated on the surface; they may be on top of either mineral or organic
soils. O-horizons are not saturated with water for prolonged periods. The mineral
fraction of such material is only a small percentage of the volume of the material andgenerally is much less than half of the weight. An O-layer may be at the surface of asoil or at any depth beneath the surface if it is buried. An horizon formed by illuviationof organic material into a mineral subsoil is not an O-horizon, though some horizons
formed in this matter contain much organic matter.
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Parameter Units H/O Min Approved methods Remarks
Exchangeable
acidity (Ac-Exc)(cmol+/kg) Optional Mandatory Titration
Base cations
exchangeable
(BCE)(cmol+/kg)) Optional Mandatory Extractant: BaCl2
Acid cations
exchangeable
(ACE)(cmol+/kg) Optional Mandatory Extractant: BaCl2
Cation exchange
capacity (CEC)(cmol+/kg) Optional Mandatory Bascomb
Base saturation
(BaseSat)(%) Optional Mandatory Labex L8703-26-1-1
Sodium (Na) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Aluminium (Al) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Iron (Fe) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Chromium (Cr) (mg/kg) Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Nickel (Ni) (mg/kg) Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Manganese (Mn) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Zinc (Zn) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Copper (Cu) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Lead (Pb) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Cadmium (Cd) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Mercurium (Hg) (mg/kg) Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
Sulphur (S) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua
regia
pH (H2O) Optional Optional pH-electrode
Electric conduc-
tivity (EC)(mS/m) Optional Optional EC-metre
Member States are free to analyse more, all, or part of the optional
parameters.
II.7.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see Annex VII, Form 4a, 4b, and 4c).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 15
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ANNEX V
COMMON METHODS FOR THE FOLIAGE INVENTORY ON THE
PERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The inventory is to be carried out on all permanent observation plots. The
first common inventory shall be completed before the summer of 1996.
Although it is recommended to carry out the foliage inventory in the
indicated periods of summer 1995 and winter 1995/96, it could be
allowed that the inventory is split over two years. The inventory will be
repeated on each individual plot in a two year interval. The following
technical details are based on the results of the expert panel for foliar
analysis of ICP forests. Reference is made to the manual (1993) prepared
by this expert panel.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Dateofsampling
Deciduous species (including larch): sampling must be done when the
new leaves are fully developed, and before the very beginning of the
autumnal yellowing and senescence. Evergreen species: sampling must be
done during the dormancy period. Member States are requested to define
for each region, and inside each region for plains and mountains, the most
convenient period for the sampling and analysis of the various species,
and to keep to this period.
II.2.Selection oftrees
Every second year, at least five trees of each main species present in the
plot are sampled.
The number of trees needed for the sampling are selected in such a way
that:
— the trees are different from those used for the crown assessment, in
order to avoid that successive samplings introduce loss of foliage,
— in case the vitality assessment is restricted to the trees in the sub-plot,
the trees for the foliage sampling shall be selected from the remaining
part of the total plot. If no sub-plot is used the trees for sampling shall
be selected from the trees in the buffer zone. In this case the trees
selected for sampling in the buffer zone shall be given a special
number (see Annex VII),
— the trees belong to the predominant and dominant classes (forest with
closed canopy) or to the trees with average height ± 20 % (forest with
open canopy),
— the trees are in the vicinity of the locations where soil samples were
taken for anaylsis; however care must be taken that the main roots of
the sample trees have not been damaged by soil sampling,
— the trees are representative of the mean defoliation level of the plot
(± 5 % of the mean foliage loss),
— the trees are representative of the sanitary status of the plot.
The same sample trees shall be sampled over the years; the trees must be
numbered. For species with small crowns and too few needles (or leaves)
per year, it is allowed (but not recommended) to alternate between two
sets of five trees, when necessry to avoid damage to the sample trees.
Each set mut respond to the above conditions.
Only trees of the main species of the Community are to be sampled (see
Annex VII, item 15).
Trees which are used for the sampling of foliage, shall be assessed on
crown condition (see Annex III), using the existing or the specially
assigned numbers.
II.3.Generalbackgroundinformation
The following information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— data of sampling and analysis;
— tree species.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 16
▼B
II.4.Selection andquantity ofleavesandneedles
The trees in the plot cannot be felled, which may influence the sampling
method of leaves or needles. It is important that sampled leaves or needles
have developed in full light. Generally speaking the current year needles
or leaves of evergreen species are most convenient for judging the
nutrition level but, for anumber of elements, compa ring elementconcentration in older needles with that in current year needles may be
interesting.
The sampled leaves or needles must be taken from the upper third of
crown, but not from the very first whorls in the conifers; in stands where
the different whorls can be clearly identified, it is advisable to sample
between the seventh and the 15th whorl.
For deciduous species, sampling is done on current year leaves or needles.
For evergreen species, sampling of both the current year needles or leaves
and the second year needles or leaves (current + 1) is recommended.
For all species it is necessary to take care that leaves or needles which are
sampled are mature ones, especially for species which have several
flushes per year (e.g. Pinus Halepensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii,
Eucalyptus sp. Quercus sp. , ForLarix sp. andCedrus sp. samples are
taken of the short twigs of the previous year.
In general sampling must be carried out in such a way that all the
orientations are represented in the set of sample trees. If necessary it is
allowed to sample different orientations on each tree of the sample set. In
special sites with evident influence of one orientation (e.g. steep slopes or
strong dominant wind) only one orientation is sampled, which always has
to be the same. In such cases, it is necessary to document the orientation.
For the analysis of major elements and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, the recommended
quantity is 30 grams of fresh needles or leaves for each sampled age class.
Each country may decide to sample a larger quantity of leaf material,
according to the need of its own analytical methods, or in order to
conserve samples for the future.
II.5.Meansofsampling
As trees cannot be felled, any convenient way of sampling, taking into
consideration kind and size of stands etc., is acceptable, provided that it
does not lead to contamination of the sample, to heavy tree damage, or to
risks for the sampling team.
II.6.Pretreatmentbeforesendingthesamplestothelaboratoriesforanalysis
At least five trees of each main species present in the plot are sampled;
the five samples are individually preserved in bags; for analysis, a
composite sample is made by mixing equal quantities of each of the five
samples (in case the five trees are analysed individually, the mean value
is calculated for each element).
For broadleaves, it may be advisable to detach the leaves from the twigs
(and even, in certain species, the small leaves from the axis) bus this is
not necessary for the conifer needles. The shoots of the current year and
those of the second year are separated and preserved in separate bags. The
use ofpierced high density polyethylene bags is recommended. Ifpossible, samples are dried in a clean room and stored in a cool place
in pierced polyethylene bags.
Great care must be taken to clearly mark each sample (forest, number of
plot, species, age of needles, etc.) before sending it to the laboratory for
analysis. These identifications must be given outside the bag (directly on
the bag by indelible ink, or by clasping a label on the bag). It is
recommended to repeat these identifications inside the bag on a paper
label written with indelible ink. The label should be folded in order to
avoid leaves or needle contamination by contact with ink.
II.7.Treatmentbeforeanalysis
The determination of the mass of 100 leaves or 1 000 needles, as well as
the shoot mass, are recommended for the intensive and continuous
surveillance on the permanent observation plots and the current year
shoot.
It is not necessary to cut the petioles of the leaves but in case of
compound leaves it may be advisable to detach the small leaves from the1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 17
▼B
axis if this has not been done in the forest. To avoid contamination, no
powdered plastic gloves shall be used.
It is not necessry to systematically wash the samples, but it may be
advisable in regions with a high level of air pollution or near the sea. The
samples shall be washed with water without any additions.
Oven drying must be done at no more than 80 ºC for at least 24 hours.
The needles shall be removed from the twigs with the same precautions as
for detaching the small leaves from their axis.
Dry samples shall be ground in order to obtain a fine powder, as
homogeneous as possible. There will always remain some fibres,
depending on the tree species; this is not ama jor inconvenience if they
are small and if the powder is mixed carefully before taking samples for
analysis. For Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Al and Pb determination, it has to be
assured that the grinder does not contaminate the samples. The grinder
may be tested by grinding dried fibrous cellulose and analysing it for
these elements before and after the grinding.
II.8.Chemicalanalyses
Only the total element concentration is determined.
In the ‘Manual on methodologies for leaf and needle sampling and
analyses’ prepared by the foliar expert panel of the ICP forests, the
indicative methods for the analysis of the various foliar parameters are
described.
Each country is allowed to use its national methods. But is is necessary to
compare the total element concentrations obtained by national methods
with those certified on the reference standard samples. The foliage
inventory will distinguish between mandatory and optional parameters
(see list below).
Parameters
Mandatory parameters Optional parameters
Nitrogen (N)
Sulphur (S)
Phosphorus (P)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Potassium (K)Sodium (Na)
Zinc (Zn)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Copper (Cu)
Lead (Pb)
Aluminium (Al)
Borium (B)
Member States are free to analyse more, all, or part of the optional
parameters.
II.9.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see Annex VII, Form 5a, 5b, and 5c).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 18
▼B
ANNEX VI
COMMONMETHODSFORINCREMENTCHANGEMEASUREMENTS
ONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The first measurement is to be carried out on all permanent observation
plots in the period 1994 until 1996.
The measurement of the growth is divided into two parts:
— periodic measurements on tree parameters,
— tree ring analysis by means of increment cores and stem discs
(optional).
The periodic measurements will be repeated on each individual plot in the
dormancy period 1999 to 2000 and will then be repeated in a five year
interval. The sampling and analysis of increment cores and stem discs
could be carried out once preferably during the installation or soon after.
The following technical details are based on the results of the expert panel
on increment of ICP forests. Reference is made to the manual prepared by
this expert panel.
The methodologies described here are inappropriate for maquis and
similar vegetation types.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Dateofmeasurements
Measurements should be done during the dormancy period.
II.2.Selection ofsampletrees
In principle all trees in the total plot are to be monitored. In the case that
the plot has many trees (e.g. dense stands), a sub-plot may have been
defined to be used for the tree assessment (e.g. crown assessment and
increment). In this case the trees in the sub-plot are to be monitored. The
size of the sub-plot at the time of the inventory should be large enough to
give reliable estimates for stand increment over the entire measurement
period. The exact size of this sub-plot shall be determined and reported.
II.3.Methods
Periodic measurementsEvery five years, all trees in the (sub-)plot are measured.Tree ring analysis (increment cores and stem disc)As the sampling of increment cores could influence other measurements
these samples are taken from trees outside the plot. As trees for stem disc
sampling have to be felled, the trees selected have to be so far away fromthe plot that no effects of this removal can affect the monitored trees in
the plot. At the same time the sample trees shall be representative to the
trees in the plot. Whenever possible, maximum use shall be made of trees
felled during normal management operations.
II.4.Generalbackgroundinformation
The following information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— data of sampling and analysis,
— tree number.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 19
▼B
II.5.Parameterstobemeasured
Mandatory parameters Optional parameters
Periodic measurements Tree species
Diameter at breast height (DBH)
Information on management
operationsBark
Tree height
Crown heightCrown width
Volume estimates
Tree ring analysis Ring width
History of the tree diameter under
bark in five years intervals
Basal area and volume estimates
Member States are free to analyse more, or part of the optional
parameters.
Member States are allowed to use their own national system and methods.
Suggested methods and details on measurements procedures are described
in the ‘Submanual on increment’ prepared by the increment panel of the
ICP forests.
II.6.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see Annex VII, Forms 6a, 6b, 6c and
6d).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 20
▼B
ANNEX VII
COMMONGUIDELINESFORTHEREPORTINGOFTHERESULTSOF
THE SURVEILLANCEON THE PERMANENT OBSERVATIONPLOTS
ANDTHEIRINTERPRETATION
I.Generalremarks
The purpose of the network of permanent observation plots is to obtain
detailed data on the evolution of forest ecosystems in the Community and
to try to correlate the variation of environmental factors, especially
atmospheric pollution, and the reaction of the forest ecosystems.
This purpose can only be reached by evaluating the results on the plot
level. Comparison between the results of different permanent plots on
regional or Community level will have to be done with great care. It is
recommended that the validated data of each survey (or completed part) is
submitted to the Commission as soon as the data become available, using
the standardized forms in this Annex.
Member States shall forward to the Commission the data collected from
the different inventories carried out between 1991 and 1996 for each
permanent plot together with an interpretation of the results per plot. By
31 December 1996, all data and the national interpretation shall be
available at the Commission in a standardized form for further evaluation.
The validated data from the inventories after 1996 will be forwarded to
the Commission upon completion of the surveys, with new deadlines
every five years (e.g. 31 December 2001, 2006, etc.).
In this Annex the detail on the submission of the inventory results and
their interpretation are presented.
II.Generaltechnical informationforthesubmissionofdata
II.1.Hardwarerequirements
As medium for the data submission, the 3,5 ″floppy disk (DSDD or HD)
has been selected. This floppy has become a worldwide standard and is
cheap and durable. Diskettes of good quality are to be used.
II.2.Softwarerequirements
The diskettes are to be formatted on the appropriate density (DSDD = low
density and HD = high density), using DOS 2.1 or higher, and should be
100 % IBM compatible. All information on the diskette shall be in ASCII
characters.
II.3.Datafiles
Each diskette (or set of diskettes) shall contain the plot and data files; the
file with the summarized information of the plots (plot file), and file(s)
with the inventoried results per survey (data files). Details on the names
and the contents of these files are presented in Annex VIIa.
II.4.Exampleondiskette
On request a diskette with an example of the structure and contents of the
files can be supplied.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 21
▼B
ANNEXVIIa
SUBMISSION OF DATA PER PERMANENT PLOT IN A DIGITAL
FORMAT
Reviewoffile namespersurvey
In the Annexes before, the details have been desribed of the inventory methods.
After assessment, sampling/analysis, validation and evaluation, the data are to be
submitted to the Commission in a standardized form. In this Annex the
standardized form for each assessment is defined.
For each assessment the validated data are to be presented in one or more files
with a standard format.
Assessment Annex Frequency File name(s)
Installation I Once XXGENER.PLT
Crown assessment III Yearly XX1995.PLT,XX1995.TRE
Soil inventory IV Five or 10
yearlyXX1995.PLS,XX1995.SOM,XX1995.SOO
Foliage inventory V Two yearly XX1995.PLF,XX1995.FOM,XX1995.FOO
Increment VI Five yearly XX1995.PLI,XX1995.IPM,XX1995.IRA,XX1995.IEV
Deposition VIII Continuous XX1995.PLD, XX1995.DEM, XX1995.DEO,
XX1995.DEA
Meteorology IX Continuous XX1995.PLM, XX1995.MEM, XX1995.MEC, Form 8d,
XX1995.MEO et XX1995.MED
Each filename consists of the two-letter country code (represented by the XX in
the list of names), followed by the year of assessment (in the example 1995) or
GENER when the information is given once, the dot (.) and in the extension a
three-letter code. This three-letter code for the plotfiles consists of the letters PL
and the first letter of the assessment Soil, Foliage, Increment, Deposition and
Meteorology. This three-letter code for the datafiles consists of two (or one)
letter(s) for SOil, FOliage, INcrement, DEposition or MEteorology and one (ortwo) letter(s) to indicate Mandatory, Optional or the different parts of the
increment assessment (EValuation), deposition assessment (Air) or Meteorology
(Climate or Damage).
If case the datahandling for the plots of the 16 × 16 km gridnet is done at the
same place, this may create confusion as similar filenames are sometimes used. In
this case the yearcodes in the abovementioned filenames could be increased with
1000 (e.g.XX2995.SOM).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 22
▼M1
▼B
Form1a
XXGENER.PLT
Contentsoffile withtheinformationonplotlevel tobecompleted duringinstallation (SeeAnnexI)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 23
▼B
Form1b
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 24
▼B
Form3a
XX1993.PLT
Contentsoffile withtheinformationonplotlevel tobeusedwiththecrownassessment(seeAnnexIII)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 25
▼B
Form3b
XX1993.TRE
Contentsoffile withtheinformationontreelevel tobeusedwiththecrownassessment(seeAnnexIII)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 26
▼B
Form4a
XX1993.PLS
Contentsofreducedplotfile tobeusedincombinationwiththeforestsoilinventory(seeAnnexIV)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 27
▼B
Form4b
XX1993.SOM
Contentsoffile withsoilanalysisinformation(mandatory)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 28
Form4c
XX1993.SOO
Contentsoffile withsoilanalysisinformation(optional)
▼B1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 29
▼B1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 30
▼B
Form5a
XX1993.PLF
Contentsofreducedplotfile tobeusedincombinationwiththesurveyofchemical content ofneedlesandleaves (seeAnnexV)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 31
Form5b
XX1993.FOM
Contentsoffile withfoliaranalysisinformation(mandatory)
▼B1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 32
▼B
Form5c
XX1993.FOO
Contentsoffilewithfoliaranalysisinformation(optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 33
▼B
Form6a
XX1993.PLI
Contentsofreducedplotfile tobeusedforincrement (seeAnnexVI)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 34
▼B
Form6b
XX1993.IPM
Contentsoffile withincrement information—periodic measurements
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 35
Form6c
XX1993.IRA
Contentsoffile ofincrement information—ringanalysisandstemdiscanalysis(optional)
▼B1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 36
Form6d
XX1993.IEV
Contentsofevaluated dataonincrement (optional)
▼B1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 37
▼M1
Form7a
XX1995.PLD
Contentsofreducedplotfile tobeusedincombinationwiththedepositionmeasurements
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 38
Form7b
XX1995.DEM
Contentsofdatafile withdepositionmeasurements(mandatoryparameters)
▼M11994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 39
▼M11994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 40
Form7c
XX1995.DEO
Contentsofdatafile withdepositionmeasurements(Optional)
▼M11994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 41
▼M11994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 42
▼M1
Form7d
XX1995.DEA
Contentsofdatafile withairconcentration measurements(Optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 43
▼M1
Form8a
XX1995.PLM
Contentsofreducedplotfile tobeusedincombinationwiththemeteorologicmeasurements
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 44
▼M1
Form8b
XX1995.MEM
Contentsofdatafile withmeteorologic measurements
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 45
Form8c
XX1995.MEC
Contentsofdatafile withclimatologic estimates
▼M11994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 46
▼M1
Form8d
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 47
▼M1
Form8e
XX1995.MEO
Contentsofdatafilewithoccurrencesofidentified events/phenomena
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 48
▼M1
Form8f
XX1995.MED
Contentsofplotfile withobserveddamagecausedbymeteorologicevents/phenomena
1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 49
▼B
CODE LISTS FOR THE SURVEY DATA OF THE PERMANENT
OBSERVATIONPLOTSTOBEFORWARDEDTOTHECOMMISSION
The following instructions and codes are to be adopted by the Member States to
complete the common observation
Informationonplotlevel
(1)Country
01: France
02: België — Belgique
03: Nederland04: Deutschland
05: Italia
06: United Kingdom07: Ireland
08: Danmark
09: Ellas10: Portugal
11: España
12: Luxembourg
(2)Observationplotnumber
The observation plot number corresponds to a unique number given to
the permanent plot during the selection or installation.
(3)Dateofobservation,dateofassessment,dateofanalysis
Dates shall be completed in the following order day, month and year:
Day Month Year
08 09 94
(4)Latitude-/ longitude coordinates
Fill in the full six figure latitude and longitude coordinates of the centre
of the observation plot.
e.g.
+/− Degrees Minutes Seconds
— latitude +501027
— longitude −011532
the first box is used to indicate a + or − coordinate
(5)Availability ofwatertoprincipal species(estimate)
1: Insufficient
2: Sufficient
3: Excessive
(6)Humustype
1: Mull
2: Moder
3: Mor4: Anmor
5: Peat
6: Other7: Raw (Roh)1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 50
▼B
(7)Altitude
1:≤50 m
2: 51— 100 m3: 101— 150 m
4: 151— 200 m
5: 201— 250 m
6: 251— 300 m
7: 301— 350 m8: 351— 400 m
9: 401— 450 m
10: 451— 500 m11: 501— 550 m
12: 551— 600 m
13: 601— 650 m14: 651— 700 m
15: 701— 750 m
16: 751— 800 m17: 801— 850 m
18: 851— 900 m
19: 901— 950 m
20: 951—1 000 m
21: 1 001—1 050 m22: 1 051—1 100 m
23: 1 101—1 150 m
24: 1 151—1 200 m25: 1 201—1 250 m
26: 1 251—1 300 m
27: 1 301—1 350 m28: 1 351—1 400 m
29: 1 401—1 450 m
30: 1 451—1 500 m31: 1 501—1 550 m
32: 1 551—1 600 m
33: 1 601—1 650 m34: 1 651—1 700 m
35: 1 701—1 750 m
36: 1 751—1 800 m
37: 1 801—1 850 m
38: 1 851—1 900 m39: 1 901—1 950 m
40: 1 951—2 000 m
41: 2 001—2 050 m42: 2 051—2 100 m
43: 2 101—2 150 m
44: 2 151—2 200 m45: 2 201—2 250 m
46: 2 251—2 300 m
47: 2 301—2 350 m48: 2 351—2 400 m
49: 2 401—2 450 m
50: 2 451—2 500 m
51: >2 500 m
(8)Orientation
1: N
2: NE
3: E
4: SE5: S
6: SW
7: W8: NW
9: flat1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 51
▼B
(9)Meanageofdominantstorey(years)
1:≤20
2: 21— 403: 41— 604: 61— 805: 81—1006: 101—1207: > 208: Irregular stands
(10)Soilunit
Fluvisols
101 Eutric Fluvisols
102 Calcaric Fluvisols103 Dystric Fluvisols104 Mollic Fluvisols105 Umbric Fluvisols106 Thionic Fluvisols107 Salic Fluvisols
Gleysols
108 Eutric Gleysols
109 Calcic Gleysols110 Dystric Gleysols111 Andic Gleysols112 Mollic Gleysols113 Umbric Gleysols114 Thionic Gleysols115 Gelic Gleysols
Regosols
116 Eutric Regosols
117 Calcaric Regosols118 Gypsic Regosols119 Dystric Regosols120 Umbric Regosols121 Gelic Regosols
Leptosols
122 Eutric Leptosols
123 Dystric Leptosols124 Rendzic Leptosols125 Mollic Leptosols126 Umbric Leptosols127 Lithic Leptosols128 Gelic Leptosols
Arenosols
129 Haplic Arenosols
130 Cambic Arenosols131 Luvic Arenosols132 Ferralic Arenosols133 Albic Arenosols134 Calcaric Arenosols135 Gleyic Arenosols
Andosols
136 Haplic Andosols
137 Mollic Andosols138 Umbric Andosols1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 52
▼B
139 Vitric Andosols
140 Gleyic Andosols141 Gelic Andosols
Vertisols
142 Eutric Vertisols
143 Dystric Vertisols144 Calcic Vertisols145 Gypsic Vertisols
Cambisols
146 Eutric Cambisols
147 Dystric Cambisols148 Humic Cambisols149 Calcaric Cambisols150 Chromic Cambisols151 Vertic Cambisols
152 Ferralic Cambisols
153 Gleyic Cambisols154 Gelic Cambisols
Calcisols
155 Haplic Calcisols
156 Luvic Calcisols157 Petric Calcisols
Gypsisols
158 Haplic Gypsisols
159 Calcic Gypsisols160 Luvic Gypsisols161 Petric Gypsisols
Solonetz
162 Haplic Solonetz
163 Mollic Solonetz164 Calcic Solonetz165 Gypsic Solonetz166 Stagnic Solonetz
167 Gleyic Solonetz
Solonchaks
168 Haplic Solonchaks
169 Mollic Solonchaks
170 Calcic Solonchaks171 Gypsic Solonchaks172 Sodic Solonchaks173 Gleyic Solonchaks174 Gelic Solonchaks
Kastanozems
175 Haplic Kastanozems
176 Luvic Kastanozems177 Calcic Kastanozems178 Gypsic Kastanozems
Chernozems
179 Haplic Chernozems
180 Calcic Chernozems181 Luvic Chernozems182 Glossic Chernozems
183 Gleyic Chernozems1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 53
▼B
Phaeozems
184 Haplic Phaeozems
185 Calcaric Phaeozems
186 Luvic Phaeozems
187 Stagnic Phaeozems
188 Gleyic Phaeozems
Greyzems
189 Haplic Greyzems
190 Gleyic Greyzems
Luvisols
191 Haplic Luvisols
192 Ferric Luvisols
193 Chromic Luvisols
194 Calcic Luvisols195 Vertic Luvisols
196 Albic Luvisols
197 Stagnic Luvisols
198 Gleyic Luvisols
Lixisols
199 Haplic Lixisols
200 Ferric Lixisols
201 Plinthic Lixisols
202 Albic Lixisols
203 Stagnic Lixisols
204 Gleyic Lixisols
Planosols
205 Eutric Planosols
206 Dystric Planosols
207 Mollic Planosols
208 Umbric Planosols
209 Gelic Planosols
Podzoluvisols
210 Eutric Podzoluvisols
211 Dystric Podzoluvisols
212 Stagnic Podzoluvisols
213 Gleyic Podzoluvisols
214 Gelic Podzoluvisols
Podzols
215 Haplic Podzols
216 Cambic Podzols
217 Ferric Podzols
218 Carbic Podzols
219 Gleyic Podzols
220 Gelic Podzols
Acrisols
221 Haplic Acrisols
222 Ferric Acrisols
223 Humic Acrisols
224 Plinthic Acrisols
225 Gleyic Acrisols
Alisols
226 Haplic Alisols
227 Ferric Alisols1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 54
▼B
228 Humic Alisols
229 Plinthic Alisols230 Stagnic Alisols231 Gleyic Alisols
Nitisols
232 Haplic Nitisols
233 Rhodic Nitisols234 Humic Nitisols
Ferralsols
235 Haplic Ferralsols
236 Xanthic Ferralsols237 Rhodic Ferralsols238 Humic Ferralsols239 Geric Ferralsols240 Plinthic Ferralsols
Plinthosols
241 Eutric Plinthosols
242 Dystric Plinthosols243 Humic Plinthosols244 Albic Plinthosols
Histosols
245 Folic Histosols
246 Terric Histosols247 Fibric Histosols248 Thionic Histosols249 Gelic Histosols
Anthrosols
250 Aric Anthrosols
251 Fimic Anthrosols252 Cumulic Anthrosols253 Urbic Anthrosols
(11)Sizeoftotalplot,sizeofsub-plot
The size of the total plot, or sub-plot shall be stated in 0,0001 ha.
(12)Numberoftreesintotalplot
The total number of trees in the total plot. All trees from 5 cm (DBH)
and more are counted.
(13)Yieldestimates
The yield estimates consist of an absolute and a relative yield estimate.
The absolute estimate will be the estimated average yield over the total
life period of the stand. The relative yield will indicate whether the
absolute yield estimate is considered to be low, normal or high for the
stand. The following codes will be used:
Absolute yield code Relative yield code
0 = 0,0— 2,5 m
3per hectare per year
1 = 2,5— 7,5 m3per hectare per year
2 = 7,5—12,5 m3per hectare per year
3 = 12,5—17,5 m3per hectare per year
4 = 17,5—22,5 m3per hectare per year
5 = >22,5 m3per hectare per year1 = Low
2 = Normal3 = High1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 55
▼B
(99)OtherObservations
Relevant information concerning the plot shall be stated here.
Informationontreelevel
to be used in the crown assessment
(14)Sampletreenumber
The tree number is the number which has been assigned to the tree
during the installation of the plot.
(15)Species (ReferenceFloraEuropaea )
Broadleaves (* = species to be used for the foliage inventory)001:Acercampestre*
002:Acermonspessulanum*
003:Aceropalus
004:Acerplatanoides
005:Acerpseudoplatanus*
006:Alnuscordata*
007:Alnusglutinosa*
008:Alnusincana
009:Alnusviridis
010:Betula pendula*
011:Betula pubescens*
012:Buxussempervirens
013:Carpinusbetulus*
014:Carpinusorientalis
015:Castaneasativa(C.vesca)*
016:Corylusavellana *
017:Eucalyptus sp.*
018:Fagusmoesiaca*
019:Fagusorientalis
020:Fagussylvatica *
021:Fraxinusangustifolia
spp.oxycarpa(F.oxyphylla) *
022:Fraxinusexcelsior *
023:Fraxiusornus*
024:Ilex aquifolium
025:Juglansnigra
026:Juglansregia
027:Malusdomestica
028:Oleaeuropaea*
029:Ostryacarpinifolia *
030:Platanusorientalis
031:Populusalba
032:Populuscanescens
033:Populushybrides*
034:Populusnigra*
035:Populustremula*
036:Prunusavium*
037:Prunusdulcis(Amygdaluscommunis)
038:Prunuspadus
039:Prunusserotina
040:Pyruscommunis
041:Quercuscerris*
042:Quercuscoccifera (Q.calliprinos)*
043:Quercusfaginea*
044:Quercusfrainetto (Q.conferta) *
045:Quercusfruticosa(Q.lusitanica)
046:Quercusilex *
047:Quercusmacrolepis(Q.aegilops)
048:Quercuspetraea*
049:Quercuspubescens*1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 56
▼B
050:Quercuspyrenaica (Q.toza)*
051:Quercusrobur(Q.peduculata) *
052:Quercusrotundifolia*
053:Quercusrubra*
054:Quercussuber*
055:Quercustrojana
056:Robinia pseudoacacia*
057:Salixalba
058:Salixcaprea
059:Salixcinerea
060:Salixeleagnos
061:Salixfragilis
062:Salixsp.
063:Sorbusaria
064:Sorbusaucuparia
065:Sorbusdomestica
066:Sorbustorminalis
067:Tamarixafricana
068:Tiliacordata
069:Tiliaplatyphyllos
070:Ulmusglabra(U.scabra,U.montana)
071:Ulmuslaevis(U.effusa)
072:Ulmusminor(U.campestris,U.carpinifolia)
073:Arbutusunedo
074:Arbutusandrachne
075:Ceratoniasiliqua
076:Cercissiliquastrum
077:Ericaarborea
078:Ericascoparia
079:Ericamanipuliflora
080:Laurusnobilis
081:Myrtuscommunis
082:Phillyrea latifolia
083:Phillyrea angustifolia
084:Pistacia lentiscus
085:Pistacia terebinthus
086:Rhamnusoleoides
087:Rhamnusalaternus
099:Otherbroadleaves
Conifers (* = species to be used for the foliage inventory)100:Abiesalba*
101:Abiesborisii-regis*
102:Abiescephalonica *
103:Abiesgrandis
104:Abiesnordmanniana
105:Abiespinsapo
106:Abiesprocera
107:Cedrusatlantica
108:Cedrusdeodara
109:Cupressuslusitanica
110:Cupressussempervirens
111:Juniperuscommunis
112:Juniperusoxycedrus*
113:Juniperusphoenicea
114:Juniperussabina
115:Juniperusthurifera*
116:Larixdecidua*
117:Larixkaempferi(L.leptolepis)
118:Picea abies(P.excelsa) *
119:Picea omorika
120:Picea sitchensis*
121:Pinusbrutia*
122:Pinuscanariensis1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 57
▼B
123:Pinuscembra
124:Pinuscontorta*
125:Pinushalepensis*
126:Pinusheldreichii
127:Pinusleucodermis
128:Pinusmugo(P.montana)
129:Pinusnigra*
130:Pinuspinaster*
131:Pinuspinea*
132:Pinusradiata(P.insignis)*
133:Pinusstrobus
134:Pinussylvestris*
135:Pinusuncinata*
136:Pseudotsugamenziesii*
137:Taxusbaccata
138:Thuyasp.
139:Tsugasp.
199:Otherconifers
(16)Defoliation
Defoliation figure for each sample tree expressed as a percentage (in
steps of 5 %) compared with a tree with complete foliage. The actual
percentage is used.
0= 0 %
5= 1 - 5 %
10 = 6-10 %15 = 11-15 %
etc.
(17)Discolourationcodes
0: no discolouration (0-10 %)
1: slight discolouration (11-25 %)2: moderate discolouration (26-60 %)3: severe discolouration (>60 %)4: dead
(18)Easilyidentifiable causesofdamage
Add ama rk (1) in the corresponding column(s).
T1 = game and grazing
T2 = presence or traces of an excessive number of insectsT3 = fungiT4 = abiotic agents (wind, snow, frost, drought, …)T5 = direct action of manT6 = fireT7 = known local/regional pollutantT8 = other
(19)Identification ofdamagetype
Where possible, further identification of the damage type should be
added, e.g. for insects: the species or group (e.g. ‘bark beetles’).
(20)Otherobservationsontreelevel
Any additional observations which may be of interest shall be clearly
noted on the form, (e.g. possible influencing factors (recent drought,
temperature extremes); other damage/stress symtoms).
to be used in the soil condition inventory
(21)Codefordepthlevel
O = Organic layer (see footnote in paragraph II.4 for definition)
H = Organic layer (see footnote in paragraph II.4 for definition)1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 58
▼B
M05 = Mineral soil between 0 and 5 cm (optional)
M51 = Mineral soil between 5 and 10 cm (optional)
M01 = Mineral soil between 0 and 10 cm (mandatory)
M12 = Mineral soil between 10 and 20 cm (mandatory)
M24 = Mineral soil between 20 and 40 cm (mandatory)
M48 = Mineral soil between 40 and 80 cm (mandatory)
(22)Codeofsamplinganalysismethod(SAM)
For each parameter that has been determined in one or more soil
samples, one of the following codes is included in the first dataline, and
used to indicate the sample type under sample code:
0 = no deviation from approved method
1 = parameters have been determined through an alternative method
(details to be included in an annex to the soil condition report),
or first (sub)sample
2-8 = codes to be used for any subsequent subsamples
9 = parameters have been determined through recomputation of data
determined through adifferent method (deta ils to be included in
the annex to the soil condition report)
to be used in the foliage inventory
(23)Samplecode
The sample code for the foliage inventory consists of the tree species
code (see explanation item 15) followed by the code for leaves/needles
of the current year (=0) or of the current + 1 leaves/needles (1). e.g. the
sample of the needles of last year (1) of the Picea abies (118) is thus:
118.1
(24)Treenumbersofthesample
As in some samplings (foliage, increment) trees outside the normal plot
(or sub-plot) have to be used, special numbers have to be applied. The
numbers of these trees will start with a letter (F = foliage, R = ring
analysis by increment borings, D = discs analysis) followed with a
sequence number (e.g. F001). The numbers are to be reported.
(25)Massof100leavesor1000needles
The mass is determined of 100 leaves or 1 000 needles (oven-dry) in
grams.
(26)Shootmass
The mass of the shoot is determined (oven-dry) in grams.
to be used in the increment assessment
(27)Diameteratbreastheight(DBH)
The diameter at breast height (1,30 m) over bark in 0,1 centimetres.
When a diameter tape is used a single value will be needed. When
calipers are used the maximum and the minimum diameter (over bark)
shall be determined and reported (diameter 1 and diameter 2).
(28)Bark
The thickness of the bark at 1,30 m, expressed in centimetres with one
decimal.
(29)Heightofthetree
The height of the tree expressed in metres and rounded off to the nearest
0,5 metres.
(30)Treevolume
Based on the measured diameter(s) and height, the tree volume can be
estimated using locally known form factors or through the use of valid
volume tables. The tree volume shall be expressed in cubic metres (m3)
with three decimals.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 59
▼B
(31)Crownlength
The length of the crown rounded off to the nearest 0,5 metres is
determined from the tip of the stem to the lowest live branch excluding
water shoots.
(32)Crownwidth
The average crown width is determined by the average of at least four
crown radii, multiplied by two, and rounded off to the nearest 0,5
metres.
(33)Diameterunderbark
The actual diameter under bark is calculated as the diameter over bark
deducted with the width of the bark at the two sides. The diameter under
bark of five years ago is calculated as the actual diameter under bark less
the increment of the last five years of the tree at both sides. The diameter
under bark is expressed in 0,1 centimeters.
(34)Basalareaperplot
The actual basal area per plot is calculated as the total basal areas of all
the trees in the plot. The basal area per plot of five years ago is
calculated on the basis of the estimated diameter under bark of five years
ago of all the trees in the plot. Basal area per plot is expressed in 0,1 m2.
(35)Volume perplot
The actual volume per plot is calculated as the total volume of all the
trees in the plot. The volume per plot of five years ago is calculated on
the basis of the estimated diameter under bark of five years ago of all the
trees in the plot. Volume per plot is expressed in 0,1 m3.
(36)Thinnings
If a thinning has taken place in the five-year period between the two
years of determination of diameter, basal area per plot and volume per
plot, this will be indicated (Yes = 1, No = 0). In an additional part the
details of this thinning will be described as detailed as possible
(including: thinning method, exact year of thinning, thinning intensity
expressed as number of trees, basal area/ha, volume/ha).
(99)Otherobservations
Relevant information shall be stated here and explained in the
corresponding evaluation report (see Annex VIIb).
Informationwithregardtothedepositionmonitoring
(37)Samplercode
The following codes shall be used for the samplers for deposition.1: throughfall
2: bulk deposition3: wet-only deposition
4: stemflow
5: fog6: frozen fog (rime)7: air concentration9: others
Details on the equipment used shall be stated in an Annex to the
document with the background information.
(37a)Samplequantity
The total collected quantity of the sample(s) shall be divided by the
catchment area of the collectors) and shall be reported in mm.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 60
▼M1
▼M1
(38)Firstandfinaldatesofthemonitoringperiod
The first and final dates of each monitoring period shall be stated on the
forms, using the same format as the date of observation, assessment and
analysis (see item 3).
A monitoring period shall consist of one or more measuring periods. The
measuring periods within one monitoring period should have the same
length. The minimum length of amea suring period is one week, the
maximum one month.
When it is necessary to use different measuring periods during the year
(e.g. weekly in summer and monthly in winter), two separate monitoring
periods shall be identified and the results shall be reported separately on
the forms.
(39)Numberofmeasuringperiods
The number of measuring periods in each monitoring period shall be
indicated in the forms.
(40)Period
The measuring period number in which the sample has been collected
shall be stated. Each year (on or around 1 January) a new set of
measuring periods will be started. When samples from several
measuring periods are combined before analysis, the exact details of
the mixing shall be stated in the annex to the document with background
information. The number of the first measuring period shall be used to
indicate the period for analysis (e.g. when the samples from period 9, 10,
11 and 12 are combined into a single sample for the analysis, this sample
will be given the period number 9).
Informationwithregardtometeorologic monitoring
(41)Site code
In and near the plot a number of sites can be identified. As meteorologic
instruments can be installed at different sites, each site has to be
identified. The exact details of the site are to be included in an annex to
the document with the meteorologic evaluation. Examples of possible
site codes are:
In the plot
1: under canopy at standard meteorologic height (1,50 m)
2: under canopy at height of 2 m (2,00 m)3: under canpoy at ground level (0,10 m)
4: at canopy height
5: above the canopy
6: under canopy at depth of 20 cm (− 0,20 m)
Outside the plot
7: open field, at standard meteorologic height (1,50 m)
8: open field, at ground level (0,10 m)
9: open field, at height of 10,00 m
… etc.
(42)Instrumentcode
The following codes shall be used for the samplers for meteorology:10: manual reading
20: mechanical recording
30: paper recording
40: digital recording (stand alone)
50: digital recording (integrated datalogger)
When more instruments of different types, brands, ect. are used, the
single numbers can be used (e.g. 11; hair hygrometer, 12 wet/dry bulb).
Details on the equipment used shall be stated in an annex to the
document with the meteorologic evaluation.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 61
▼M1
(43)Temperatures
The temperatures will be stated in ºC, using the format of a plus/minus
and two digits plus one decimal (e.g. − 12,5).
(44)Relative Humidity
The relative humidity will be stated as the period average, using the
format of two digits and one decimal (e.g. 62,5).
(45)Windspeed
The windspeed will be stated as the average windspeed in metres per
second (m/s), using the format of at maximum three digits (e.g. 25).
(46)Winddirection
Ther predominant wind direction will be stated in º of the compass rose
(North = 0º, East = 90º, South = 180º and West = 270º).
(47)SolarRadiation
The global solar radiation over the period will be stated in Watts per sq.
metre (W/m2).
(48)Occurrenceweeks
The occurrences will be stated in weeks using the standard week
numbering. Week 1 starts on or around 1 January. For the occurrence of
an event on a single day, the week numbers ‘from’ and ‘to’ are the same.
(49)Extremity
The extremity of an occurrence will be given a code:1: (Very) close according to the definition of the event/phenomena
2: Extremely long in duration
3: Extremely intensive.4: Extremely long and extremely intensive.
(50)Observeddamage
The number and name under which the damage is mentioned in the
Form 8d (if applicable) or a short indication and a reference to a more
extensive explanation in the survey or evaluation report (see Annex IX,
paragraph II.8) shall be stated. The same report should also include
details on extremity, symptoms and spreading of the damage.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 62
▼B
ANNEXVIIb
Detailsforthesubmissionofbackgroundinformationandinterpretation of
thepermanentplots
I.General remarks
As an annex to the submission of the inventoried results, Member States
shall prepare a document with the background information and the
interpretation of the results, either plot wise or for all national
observation plots.
— In principle each submission of inventory data shall be accompanied
by background information describing the actually applied methods
of determination/sampling/measuring, etc., details on the methods of
recording and validating, as described below under paragraph II.
— Together with the survey results, an interpretation as indicated below
in paragraph III shall be included.
— When data from more surveys are submitted at the same time (or
have been submitted before) an integrated interpretation (as indicated
in paragraph IV) shall be submitted in addition to the interpretation
mentioned under the second indent of this paragraph.
This annex presents information on the structure of these reports.
II.Backgroundinformation
II.1.Generalinformation
The general part shall contain information on (country wise or when
relevant province/region wise):
— forest area (in 1 000 ha),
— number of plots (total),— number of plots (in the submitted survey),— selection criteria (if submitted number of plots is less than total
number of plots),
— history of these plots with regard to this survey,— relations with other surveys.
II.2.Inventory methods
A summary of the inventory method shall be given, including details on
used equipment, installation and recording. Especially where these
details have not been laid down in a mandatory way, a clear review of
the executed inventory method is essential for further interpretation,
possible comparability, and the evaluation of the obtained results. In
many surveys there is a large freedom in the selection of equipment,
depths, timing and intensity of the survey. Details on the used
equipment, recorded depths, timing and frequency of the survey/
sampling shall be stated. Whenever samples have been taken, details
on this sampling including the storage (cool, dark, etc.) shall be supplied.
Any applied control measurements shall be described in short.
II.3.Methodsfortheanalysisandcalculation ofresults
With regard to chemical analysis of samples, in most cases certain
methods are recommended. Information on the actually used methods
(including storage, evaluation and (re-)calculation of the obtained
results) shall be supplied. Whenever applicable the results of the
calibration tests shall be reported.
II.4.Exceptions anddisturbances
Special attention shall be given to exceptional situations with regard to
the inventory, sampling, storage, analysis, calculation and/or interpreta-
tion. When gaps exist in the data, due to whatever reasons, estimates
based on results from other sources can be made in certain cases. These
assumptions shall be carefully documented.
Regional differences shall be stated and explained in detail (e. g.
different laboratory).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 63
▼B
III.Interpretationwithinonesurvey
III.1.Actualinternal interpretation
An interpretation shall be made of the collected and evaluated data for
each survey separately. Whenever possible relations between the
different parameters in this survey shall be indicated.
III.2.Internalinterpretation withformersurveys
The results of consecutive surveys shall be evaluated and whenever
possible trends shall be indicated.
III.3.Interpretation withexternal data
The results of the survey shall be reviewed and compared to results from
other (similar) surveys carried out in the (same) region/country.
Differences and similarities are to be indicated and when applicable
the differences should be evaluated. Also data from other sources which
could explain certain relations in parameters shall be included here.
IV.Integratedinterpretation
IV.1.Actualinterpretation
In the national focal centre all survey results on a national level are
collected. The relationship between parameters of different surveys shall
be investigated. Also the various interpretations of the single survey
results shall be taken into account and shall be reviewed in the light of
the integration.
IV.2.Interpretation withformeryears
National level results from former surveys shall also be used in the
integrated interpretation. Whenever possible trends shall be indicated
and explained.
IV.3.Interpretation withexternal data
The found results of the integrated interpretation shall be reviewed and
compared to results from other sources. Differences and/or similarities
shall be noted and explained whenever possible.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 64
▼M1
ANNEXVIII
COMMON METHODS FOR DEPOSITION MEASUREMENTS ON THE
PERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalsremarks
The measurements are to be carried out on a selection of the permanent
observation plots in a continous way. At least 10 % of the permanent
observation plot shall be selected for the monitoring of deposition by the
Member States. Measurements on throughfall (under canopy), stem flow
(under canopy, in beech) and wet-only or bulk deposition (in an open area
in the forest) will be mandatory. The installation of the equipment for the
mandatory items shall be completed by December 1995. All other
measurements such as: stemflow (in other species than beech), fog and
air-concentrations are optional.
The depositions monitoring will be done on afixed period ba sis (for
example monthly or weekly). To reduce analysis costs samples may be
combined from anumber of consecutive periods.
The following technical details are based on the results of the Expert
Panel on Deposition of ICP Forests. Reference is made to the manual
prepared by this Expert Panel especially regarding specific details of
sampling equipment, sampling techniques, quality assurance and data
handling.
II.Monitoringmethodology
II.1.Monitoringundertheforestcanopy
Whenever possible the measuring equipment for throughfall shall be
installed in the actual plot. To avoid damage to root systems, the parts
that have to be installed in pits (collectors, recorders, etc.) could be
installed outside the actual plot in the bufferzone. In beech forest
equipment shall also be installed for the collection of stemflow. As these
collectors should also be stored in a (or the same) pit, it is recommended
to select trees outside the actual plot, in for example the bufferzone.
The measurements of throughfall and stemflow should be made in such a
way that the results are representative for the plot area. This means that a
sufficient number of samples should be used.
II.2.Monitoringinanopenareaintheforest
At a location near the actual plot (within a distance of 2 km), wet-only
and/or bulk deposition collectors shall be installed. The location should be
selected in such a way that the surrounding objects are not closer than two
times their height.
II.3.Measurementperiod
The measuring will be made monthly, weekly or at a time interval
between the two, e. g. every two or three weeks, depending mainly on the
general weather conditions at the specific plot (evaporation and growth of
algae in the sample containers should be avoided).
When it is necessary to use different measuring periods during the year (e.
g. weekly in summer and monthly in winter), two separate monitoring
periods shall be identified and the results shall be reported separately on
the forms. Within one monitoring period the lenght of the measuring
period shall be constant. The same measuring period shall be used for the
monitoring under the forest canopy and the open area monitoring.
II.4.Sampling,samplehandling
Clean collection gauges and containers are to be used for the collection of
samples. Deionized water shall be used to rinse the equipment. It is
important that the containers are kept away from light and kept cool
during the sampling and transport. In sunny and warm conditions
preservatives may be added to prevent the growth of algae. In this case
only such preservatives should be used that do not interfere with the
analysis of any ion of interest.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 65
▼M1
II.5.Pretreatmentofsamples,transportandstorage
The volume of each collected sample form each individual throughfall,
stemflow or open air collector shall be determined. The samples may be
analyzed separately or mixed with samples from parallelly installed
equipment of the same type. Throughfall, stemflow or open air samples
shall be analyzed separately. Samples from stemflow measurements can
only be pooled for trees of the same species and similar size and
dominance.
Samples from short periods may be analyzed as they are, or can be mixed
to monthly samples before analysis. If samples are mixed they should be
mixed in proportion to the total sample volume.
The samples shall be transported to the laboratory as soon as possible
(preferably in cold boxes) and kept in a cold (4 ºC) and dark store until
analyzed.
II.6.Generalbackgroundinformation
The following information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— sampler code,— first date of monitoring period,— last date of monitoring period,— number of (equal) measuring periods in monitoring period.
Additional optional information can be collected, which is useful for the
interpretation of the results, such as canopy roughness, leaf area index etc.
II.7.ChemicalAnalysis
In each sample the following parameters shall be determined mandatory
(Man) or optional (Opt.):
ParameterThrough-
fallBulk/Wet-
onlyStemflow
Fog Air
beech other spec.
pH Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
Conductivity Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
K Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
Ca Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.Mg Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
Na Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
N-NH
4Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
Cl Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
N-NO3Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
S-SO4Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
Alkalinity Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
NtotalMan Opt. Man Opt. Opt.
Al3+Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Mn2+Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Fe3+Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
PO43−Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Cu Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Zn Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Hg Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Pb Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Co Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Mo Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Cd Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.S
totalOpt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
NorgOpt. Opt. Opt. Opt.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 66
▼M1
ParameterThrough-
fallBulk/Wet-
onlyStemflow
Fog Air
beech other spec.
CTOCOpt. Opt. Opt.
CDOCOpt. Opt. Opt.
PtotalOpt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
O3Opt.
SO2Opt.
SO4Opt.
NO2Opt.
NO Opt.
HNO2Opt.
HNO3Opt.
NH4NO3Opt.
NH3Opt.
V.O.C. Opt.
II.8.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward this information in a standardized form
to the Commission for each plot where deposition has been monitored
(see Annex VII, Forms 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d).1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 67
▼M1
ANNEX IX
COMMON METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF METEOROLOGY
ONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
In the period to mid 1996 atest period is foreseen during which, on a
voluntary basis, in a limited number of permanent plots (10 %)
meteorologic measurements are carried out. In the second half of 1996
an evaluation will take place and the details and intensity of the
continuation of the meteorologic measurements will be decided upon.
Besides the observations on a limited number of plots, the recording of
observed damage caused by meteorologic phenomena should be executed
on all permanent observation plots.
The meteorologic observations are divided in three parts:
A. execution of measurements of actual meteorologic situation on or
close to the plot (limited number of plots)
B. determination of long-term climatic situation (all plots) and potential
damaging events/ phenomena (limited number of plots)
C. observation of damage of trees in the plot caused by extreme weather
situations (all plots)
The actual measurements (A) will be carried out on a selection of plots,
preferably plots which are also used for the monitoring of deposition (See
Annex VIII). The Member States are free in the selection of methods,
equipment and frequency of the measurements during the test period. It is
foreseen that in the evaluation process recommendations for methods,
equipment and frequency are formulated.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Locationofsamplingequipment
The measuring equipment for all monitoring of the meteorologic
parameters (A) will be located in or close to the plot. Certain parameters
(rainfall, wind, radiation, etc.) have to be measured in an open area in the
forest. Other parameters (e.g. soil temperature) may be better monitored
under crown cover. In the test period no restrictions nor explicit
installation procedures are given. When parameters such as solar
radiation, rainfall, etc. are monitored, a sufficiently large ‘open area in
the forest’ outside the stand should be selected. This location should be as
near as possible, be in similar situation (slope, elevation, etc.) and
preferably within a distance of 2 km of the plot.
Whenever possible acombina tion with the equipment for deposition
should be made. To avoid disturbances to the roots and soil situation, the
equipment should be placed in such a way that the equipment can be
reached and maintained without actually passing through the plot.
II.2.Methodsto measurethe actual meteorologic situation inorclose tothe
plot(A)
For the test period the Member States are free in the selection of methods,
equipment and measuring frequency. On a limited number of plots the
meteorologic situation should be monitored.
— If possible an intensive continuous meteorologic measuring station
should be installed in the limited number of plots. The following
parameters are then recommended to be measured in a continuous
way:
Parameter Method
Rainfall gauge/datalogger
Air temperature datalogger
Temperature of the soil (e.g. at
0,20 m depth)datalogger
Relative humidity datalogger
Windspeed datalogger
Wind direction datalogger1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 68
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Parameter Method
Solar radiation datalogger
In places where snow is common special snowcollectors should be
installed.
— As an alternative for situations where no such intensive continuous
meteorologic stations can be installed it is recommended to install, on
the limited number of plots, equipment to monitor the following
parameters with the frequency:
Parameter frequency
Rainfall daily
Temperature (maximum and
minimum)daily
Soil temperature daily
Relative humidity free choice
Wind (direction and speed) free choice
Solar radiation free choice
In some cases wind and solar radiation information can be obtained
from nearby meteo-stations.
II.3.Collection, storageandsubmissionofinformation
The following information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— exact details of the used equipment,
— location of the plots (longitude, latitude, altitude) and of equipment
(relative to the plot),
— start and end dates of the measurements,
— frequency (number of periods).
The data of the detailed measurements (temperatures, rainfall, wind etc.)
should not be reported to the Commission, but kept in safe storage by the
Member States. For each plot where the measurements have been
executed a summary of the collected measurements shall be compiled and
submitted to the Commission by mid 1996. This summary will contain
information on a monthly or four-weekly basis, using the forms
XX1993.PLM (8a) and XX1993.MEM (8b).
II.4.Determinationoflong-termclimatic situation (B)
For each plot the long term climatic situation shall be determined as good
as possible. As no actual plot data is available, existing data shall be used
to estimate the long-term (open area in the forest) climatic situation of the
plot. This will be done only once. The results are presented to the
Commission using form XX1995.MEC (8c).
II.5.Determinationofpotential damagingeventsandphenomena (B)
For each plot where meteorologic measurements are taken a start shall be
made with the preparation of a list of potential damaging events and
phenomena. Each event or phenomenon shall be defined in meteorologic
terms, using the parameters available for the plot. This list of potential
damaging events and phenomena will be continuously updated by the
Member States, each time when more information becomes available.
The information on events and phenomena shall be reported to the
Commission using form XX1995.MEL (8d).
II.6.Reporting of pre-defined events and phenomena and its occurrences/
extremity (A and B)
For the limited number of plots where detailed information has become
available the occurrence and extremity of the pre-defined events/
phenomena(II.5) will be determined. Of ea ch listed event/phenomenon
the number of occurrences and the relative extremity shall be indicated.
The occurrences and extremities shall be submitted to the Commission
using form XX1995.MEO (8e). In case events/phenomena have been1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 69
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added or changed, the occurrences and extremities of the past years will
be updated as well.
II.7.Reportingofactually observeddamage (C)
Whenever during the visits on the plot damage has been observed that has
a clear meteorologic cause, this shall be reported to the Commission by
mid 1996 using form XX1995.MED (8f).
The reporting will include the cause (drought, storm, frost, hail, etc.) the
observed damage (foliage loss, breakage or dying of branches or new
shoots, etc.) and an estimate of the period in which the event took place.
II.8.Evaluation reportonmeteorology
The Member States shall forward to the Commission together with the
information in the standardized forms (in digital format) as described in
paragraphs II.3, II.4, II.6 and II.7 an evaluation report with the
background information on the used methods, models and interpretations
of results.
For the reporting of the list of the pre-defined events/phenomena(II.5) it
is recommended to use a form similar to the example form 8d. These
forms could be attached as an annex to the meteorologic evaluation
report.1994R1091 — EN — 03.04.1995 — 001.001 — 70