2007R1445 — EN — 05.08.2015 — 001.001

This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents

►B REGULATION (EC) No 1445/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 December 2007 establishing common rules for the provision of basic information on Purchasing Power Parities and for their calculation and dissemination (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 336 20.12.2007, p. 1)

Amended by:









▼B

REGULATION (EC) No 1445/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 11 December 2007

establishing common rules for the provision of basic information on Purchasing Power Parities and for their calculation and dissemination

(Text with EEA relevance)







THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 285(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ( 1 ), Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty ( 2 ), Whereas: (1) In order to obtain a direct comparison of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in volume terms between Member States, it is essential for the Community to have Purchasing Power Parities (hereinafter referred to as ‘PPPs’) which eliminate the differences in the level of prices between Member States. (2) The Community PPPs need to be produced in accordance with a harmonised methodology, consistent with Council Regulation (EC) No 2223/96 of 25 June 1996 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the Community ( 3 ) which lays down a framework for the construction of national accounts in the Member States. (3) Member States are encouraged to produce data for regional PPPs. (4) Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 of 11 July 2006 laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund ( 4 ) provides that the regions eligible for funding from the Structural Funds under the convergence objective are to be regions corresponding to level 2 of the common classification of territorial units for statistics within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) ( 5 ). The GDP per capita of such regions, measured in PPPs and calculated on the basis of Community figures for the period 2000 to 2002, is less than 75 % of the average GDP of the EU-25 for the same reference period. In the absence of regional PPPs, national PPPs should serve to establish the list of regions which could benefit from the Structural Funds. National PPPs can also be used to determine the amount of funds to be allocated to each region. (5) Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 provides that the Member States eligible for funding from the Cohesion Fund are to be those whose gross national income (GNI) per capita, measured in PPPs and calculated on the basis of Community figures for the period 2001 to 2003, is less than 90 % of the average GNI of the EU-25 and which have a programme for meeting the economic convergence conditions referred to in Article 104 of the Treaty. (6) Article 1 of Annex XI to the Staff Regulations of officials of the European Communities, laid down in Regulation (EEC, Euratom, ECSC) No 259/68 of the Council ( 6 ) (hereinafter referred to as ‘Staff Regulations’) provides that, for the purposes of the review provided for in Article 65(1) of the Staff Regulations, the Commission (Eurostat) are to draw up every year before the end of October a report on changes in the cost of living in Brussels, the economic parities between Brussels and certain places in the Member States, and changes in the purchasing power of salaries in national civil services in central government. (7) Every year the Commission (Eurostat) already collects basic information on PPPs from the Member States on a voluntary basis. This operation has become an established practice in the Member States. However, a legal framework is necessary to ensure the sustainable development, production and dissemination of PPPs. (8) Provision of preliminary results on a regular basis, as is currently the practice, should be maintained in order to keep the most recent possible figures available. (9) The measures necessary for the implementation of this Regulation should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission ( 7 ). (10) In particular, power should be conferred on the Commission to adapt the definitions, to adjust the basic headings in Annex II and to define quality criteria. Since those measures are of general scope and designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, inter alia by supplementing it with new non-essential elements, they must be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny laid down in Article 5a of Decision 1999/468/EC. (11) Since the objective of this Regulation, namely the establishment of common rules for the provision of basic information on purchasing power parities and for their calculation and dissemination, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective. (12) The Statistical Programme Committee, established by Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom ( 8 ), has been consulted in accordance with Article 3 of that Decision, Whereas: HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:







Article 1

Objective

The objective of this Regulation is to establish common rules for the provision of basic information on PPPs, and for their calculation and dissemination.

Article 2

Scope

1. The basic information to be provided shall be those data necessary to calculate and ensure the quality of PPPs.

That basic information shall include prices, GDP expenditure weights and other data listed in Annex I.

Data shall be collected with the minimum frequency provided for in Annex I. More frequent collection of data shall take place only in exceptional and justified circumstances.

2. PPPs shall be calculated from the national annual average prices of goods and services, using basic information relating to the economic territory of the Member States as provided for by the European system of national and regional accounts in the Community (hereinafter referred to as ‘ESA 95’).

3. PPPs shall be calculated in accordance with the basic headings as listed in Annex II, consistent with the related GDP classifications defined in Regulation (EC) No 2223/96.

Article 3

Definitions

For the purpose of this Regulation the following definitions shall apply:

(a) ‘Purchasing Power Parities’ (‘PPPs’) shall mean spatial deflators and currency converters that eliminate the effects of the differences in price levels between Member States thus allowing volume comparisons of GDP components and comparisons of price levels.

(b) ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ (‘PPS’) shall mean the artificial common reference currency unit used in the European Union to express the volume of economic aggregates for the purpose of spatial comparisons in such a way that price level differences between Member States are eliminated.

(c) ‘Prices’ shall mean the purchaser prices paid by the final consumers.

(d) ‘Expenditure weights’ shall mean the shares of expenditure components in current-price GDP.

(e) ‘Basic heading’ shall mean the lowest level of aggregation of items in the GDP breakdown for which parities are calculated.

(f) ‘Items’ shall mean goods or services precisely defined for use in price observation.

(g) ‘Actual and imputed rentals’ shall have the meaning attributed to it in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005 ( 9 ).

(h) ‘Compensation of employees’ shall have the meaning attributed to it in Regulation (EC) No 2223/96.

(i) ‘Temporal adjustment factors’ shall mean factors used to adjust average prices obtained at the time of survey to annual average prices.

(j) ‘Spatial adjustment factors’ shall mean factors used to adjust average prices obtained from one or more locations within the economic territory of a Member State to national average prices.

(k) ‘Representative items’ shall mean those which are, or are considered to be, in terms of relative total expenditure within a basic heading, among the most important items purchased in national markets.

(l) ‘Representativity indicators’ shall mean markers or other indicators identifying those items that Member States have selected as representative.

(m) ‘Equi-representativity’ shall mean a property required of the composition of the item list for a basic heading, each Member State being able to price that number of representative products which is commensurate with the heterogeneity of the products and price levels covered by the basic heading and its expenditure on the basic heading.

(n) ‘Transitive’ shall mean the property whereby a direct comparison between any two Member States yields the same result as an indirect comparison via any other Member State.

(o) ‘Mistake’ shall mean a use of incorrect basic information or an inappropriate application of the calculation procedure.

(p) ‘Reference year’ shall mean a calendar year to which specific annual results refer.

(q) ‘Fixity’ shall mean that when results are calculated originally for a group of Member States and then later the results are calculated for a wider group of Member States, the PPPs between the original group of Member States shall nevertheless be preserved.

Article 4

Roles and responsibilities

1. The Commission (Eurostat) shall be responsible for:

(a) coordinating the provision of the basic information;

(b) calculating and publishing PPPs;

(c) ensuring the quality of PPPs, in accordance with Article 7;

(d) developing and communicating methodology, in consultation with the Member States;

(e) ensuring that the Member States have the opportunity to comment on PPP results prior to publication and that due account be taken of any such comment; and

(f) drafting and disseminating the methodological manual referred to in point 1.1 of Annex I.

2. Member States shall follow the procedure set out in Annex I when providing basic information.

Member States shall provide written approval of the survey results for which they are responsible, once the process of data validation has been completed, as specified in point 5.2 of Annex I, within a period of no longer than one month.

Member States shall approve the data collection methodology and check the plausibility of data, including items of basic information provided by the Commission (Eurostat).

Article 5

Transmission of basic information

1. Member States shall transmit the basic information listed in Annex I to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with the existing Community provisions on transmission of data.

2. The basic information listed in Annex I shall be transmitted in the technical format and within the time periods specified in that Annex.

3. In cases where items of basic information are supplied to Member States by the Commission (Eurostat), the Commission shall transmit a method statement to enable the Member States to conduct a plausibility check.

Article 6

Statistical units

1. The basic information listed in Annex I shall be obtained either from statistical units as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 ( 10 ) or from other sources which yield data meeting the quality requirements specified in point 5.1 of Annex I. Each Member State shall notify the type of the statistical unit or source to the Commission when transmitting the data.

2. The statistical units called upon by the Member States to provide data or to cooperate in data collection shall allow monitoring of the prices actually charged and shall give honest and complete information at the time it is requested.

Article 7

Quality criteria and control

1. The Commission (Eurostat) and the Member States shall set up a system for quality control based on reports and assessments as specified under point 5.3 of Annex I.

2. Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat), at its request, with all information necessary to evaluate the quality of the basic information listed in Annex I.

Member States shall also provide the Commission (Eurostat) with the details and the reasons for any subsequent changes in the methods used or any deviation from the methodological manual specified in Annex I.

3. Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with quality reports on the surveys for which they are responsible, as specified in Section 5 of Annex I.

4. The common criteria on which the quality control is based and the structure of the quality reports, as specified under point 5.3 of Annex I, shall be laid down in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny specified in Article 11(3).

Article 8

Periodicity

The Commission (Eurostat) shall calculate PPPs with reference to each calendar year.

Article 9

Dissemination

1. The Commission (Eurostat) shall publish the final annual results no later than 36 months after the end of the reference year.

Publication shall be based on data available to the Commission (Eurostat) no later than three months before the publication date.

Nothing in this paragraph shall affect the right of the Commission (Eurostat) to publish preliminary results earlier than 36 months after the end of the reference year and the Commission (Eurostat) shall make these publicly available, including on its website.

2. The results published by the Commission (Eurostat) at an aggregated level for each Member State shall include at least the following:

(a) PPPs at the level of GDP;

(b) PPPs for private household consumption expenditure and actual individual consumption;

(c) price level indices relative to the Community average; and

(d) GDP, private household consumption expenditure and actual individual consumption and respective per capita figures in PPS.

3. If results are calculated for a wider group of countries, the PPPs of the Member States shall nevertheless be preserved, in pursuance of the principle of fixity.

4. Published final PPPs shall generally not be revised.

However, in the event of mistakes falling within the scope of Section 10 of Annex I, corrected results shall be published in accordance with the procedure laid down therein.

Exceptional general revisions shall be carried out if, owing to changes to the concepts underlying ESA 95 that affect PPP results, the volume index of GDP for any Member State changes by more than one percentage point.

Article 10

Correction coefficients

Member States shall not be required to undertake surveys solely for the purpose of establishing the correction coefficients to be applied to the remuneration and pensions of Community officials and other servants in accordance with the Staff Regulations.

Article 11

Committee procedure

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Statistical Programme Committee.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.

3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

Article 12

Implementing measures

1. The measures necessary for the implementation of the provisions of this Regulation, including measures to take account of economic and technical changes, shall be adopted, insofar as this does not involve a disproportionate increase in costs for the Member States, as laid down in paragraphs 2 and 3.

2. The following measures necessary for implementation of this Regulation shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 11(2):

(a) the definition of a set of minimum standards in order to achieve the essential comparability and representativity of the data as specified under points 5.1 and 5.2 of Annex I;

(b) the definition of precise requirements as to the methodology to be used as specified in Annex I; and

(c) the establishment and adjustment of detailed descriptions of the content of basic headings, provided that these remain compatible with ESA 95 or any succeeding system.

3. The following measures designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, inter alia by supplementing it with new elements, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 11(3):

(a) the adaptation of the definitions;

(b) the adjustment of the list of basic headings (as specified in Annex II); and

(c) the definition of quality criteria and the structure of the quality reports, pursuant to Article 7(4).

Article 13

Financing

1. The Member States shall receive from the Commission a financial contribution of a maximum of 70 % of the costs eligible under the Commission's grant rules.

2. The amount of such financial contribution shall be fixed as part of the annual budgetary procedures of the European Union. The budget authority shall determine the appropriations available each year.

Article 14

Review and report

The provisions of this Regulation shall be reviewed five years after its entry into force. It shall be revised, if appropriate, on the basis of a Commission report and proposal, submitted to the European Parliament and the Council.

Article 15

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.









ANNEX I

METHODOLOGY

1. METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL AND WORK PROGRAMME

1.1. A methodological manual will be provided by the Commission (Eurostat), following consultation with the Member States, describing the methods used at the various stages of compiling PPPs, including the methods for estimating missing basic information and for estimating missing parities. The methodological manual will be revised whenever a significant change to the methodology is made. It may introduce new methods to improve data quality, reduce costs or lessen the burden on data suppliers.

1.2. The Commission (Eurostat) will establish, by 30 November each year and in consultation with the Member States, an annual Work Programme for the following calendar year setting out the timetable for the specification and the provision of the basic information required for that year.

1.3. The annual Work Programme will determine the format for provision of data to be used by the Member States, and any other actions necessary in order to accomplish the calculation and publication of PPPs.

1.4. The basic information supplied according to point 1.2 may be revised, but the results for the reference year will be calculated from information available according to the timetable specified in Article 9. Where information is not complete or not available at that date, the Commission (Eurostat) will estimate the missing basic information.

1.5. Should a Member State fail to submit complete basic information, it will specify why the information is incomplete, when it will submit complete information or, if appropriate, why complete information cannot be provided.

2. BASIC INFORMATION

2.1. Basic information items

For the purpose of this Regulation, basic information pursuant to Articles 2 and 4 and the minimum frequency of new data supply will comprise and be provided as follows:







Basic information Minimum frequency GDP expenditure weights (1) Annual Actual and imputed rentals (2) Annual Compensation of employees Annual Temporal adjustment factors Annual Prices of consumer goods and services and related representativity indicators 3 years (3) Prices of equipment goods 3 years Prices of construction projects 3 years Spatial adjustment factors 6 years (1) These weights shall be consistent with the lowest level of available aggregates from national accounts. If the required detail is not available, the Member State may provide best estimates for the missing positions. (2) The dwellings stock quantity approach, as described in the methodological manual, may be used instead of the price approach in cases where actual rentals are missing or are statistically unreliable in line with Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005. (3) The minimum frequency refers to the provision of data for a particular product group, related to the rolling cycle of surveys.

2.2. Procedure for obtaining basic information

The Commission (Eurostat), after taking account of the views of the Member States, will determine the sources and data suppliers to be used for each of the above items of basic information. If the Commission (Eurostat) obtains basic information from a data supplier other than a Member State, the latter will be relieved of the obligations set out in points 5.1.4 to 5.1.13.

3. NATIONAL AVERAGE PRICES

3.1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2(2), data collection may be limited to one or more locations within the economic territory. Such data may be used for PPP calculations provided that they are accompanied by appropriate spatial adjustment factors. Such spatial adjustment factors will be used to adjust survey data in the relevant locations to those representative of the national average.

3.2. Spatial adjustment factors will be supplied at basic heading level. They will be no more than six years old at the reference period of the survey.

4. ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICES

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2(2), data collection may be limited to a specific period of time. Such data may be used for PPP calculations provided that they are accompanied by appropriate temporal adjustment factors. Such temporal adjustment factors will be used to adjust survey data in this period to those representative of the annual average.

5. QUALITY

5.1. Minimum standards for basic information

5.1.1. The list of items to be priced will be designed to comprise items whose specifications ensure comparability between countries.

5.1.2. The list of items to be priced will be designed so that each Member State can indicate at least one representative item which can be priced in at least one other Member State for each basic heading.

5.1.3. The item list will be designed in order to achieve the highest practicable level of equi-representativity so that, as a minimum, each country has to price one representative item for each basic heading and this representative item has to be priced by at least one other country.

5.1.4. Each Member State will price items according to the specifications in the item list.

5.1.5. Each Member State will price a sufficient number of items within each basic heading that are available in its market, even though they may not be considered as representative of that basic heading.

5.1.6. Each Member State will supply prices of at least one representative item within each basic heading. The representative items will be indicated by a representativity indicator.

5.1.7. Each Member State will collect a sufficient number of price quotations for each item priced to ensure a reliable average price per item taking account of its market structure.

5.1.8. The selection of outlet types will be designed to adequately reflect the domestic pattern of consumption within the Member State according to the item.

5.1.9. The outlet selection in a location will be designed to adequately reflect the pattern of consumption of the residents of the location and the availability of items.

5.1.10. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with data on compensation of employees for selected occupations with reference to the sector General Government (S 13) as defined in ESA 95.

5.1.11. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with temporal adjustment factors which allow calculation of PPPs from prices collected at a specific time which adequately reflect the annual average price level.

5.1.12. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with spatial adjustment factors which allow calculation of PPPs with prices collected in specific locations which adequately reflect the national average price level.

5.1.13. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with weights relating to each basic heading as specified in Annex II which reflect the expenditure pattern in the Member State for the reference year.

5.2. Minimum standards for the validation of price survey results

5.2.1. Each Member State will, before transmitting the data to the Commission (Eurostat), carry out a review of data validity based on: — maximum and minimum prices, — the average price and coefficient of variation, — the number of priced items per basic heading, — the number of priced representative items per basic heading, and — the number of prices observed per item.

5.2.2. An electronic tool containing the algorithms required for the purposes of point 5.2.1 will be supplied by the Commission (Eurostat) to the Member States.

5.2.3. The Commission (Eurostat) will, before finalising the survey results, carry out validity checks, in conjunction with the Member States, based on indicators including: For each basic heading: — the number of items priced by each country, — the number of items attributed a representativity indicator by each country, — the price level index, — the results of the previous survey covering the same basic heading, and — price level indices in PPP terms for each country. For each item: — the number of prices observed by each country, and — the variation coefficients of: — (i) average prices in national currencies, (ii) price level indices in PPP terms, and (iii) price level indices in PPP terms for each country.

5.2.4. The Commission (Eurostat) will, before finalising the PPP results at aggregate level, carry out validity checks based on indicators including: At the level of total GDP and its main aggregates: — the consistency of GDP expenditure weights and population estimates with published data, — a comparison of per capita volume indices for current and previous calculations, and — a comparison of price level indices for current and previous calculations. At the level of each basic heading: — a comparison of the GDP weighting structure for current and previous calculations, and — estimates of missing data, where relevant.

5.3. Reporting and assessment

5.3.1. Each Member State will maintain documentation which gives a full description of the manner in which this Regulation has been implemented. This documentation will be available to the Commission (Eurostat) and the other Member States.

5.3.2. Each Member State will have its PPP process assessed at least once every six years by the Commission (Eurostat). The assessments, planned annually and included in the annual Work Programme, will review compliance with this Regulation. A report, based on the assessments, will be made by the Commission (Eurostat) and be made publicly available, including on its website.

5.3.3. In accordance with Article 7(3), shortly after each consumer price survey, a report by the Member State responsible will be given to the Commission (Eurostat) providing information on the way in which the survey was conducted. The Commission (Eurostat) will provide each Member State with a summary of these reports.

6. CONSUMER PRICE SURVEY PROCEDURE

6.1. Member States will carry out the price surveys according to the Work Programme.

6.2. For each survey, the Commission (Eurostat) will prepare the survey item list, based on proposals which will be made by each Member State for each basic heading.

6.3. The Commission (Eurostat) will provide, together with the item list, in all official languages of the European Union, a translation of all specifications in each survey list.

7. CALCULATION PROCEDURE

7.1. Calculation of bilateral parities at basic heading level

(a) The calculation of multilateral Èltetò-Köves-Szulc (hereinafter referred to as ‘EKS’) parities at basic heading level will be based on a matrix of bilateral parities for each pair of participant countries.

(b) The calculation of bilateral parities will be carried out by reference to the prices observed for, and the representativity indicators attributed to, the underlying items.

(c) The average survey price for each item will be established as the simple arithmetic mean of the price observations recorded for that item.

(d) The national annual average price will be estimated, where necessary, on the basis of the average survey price by using appropriate spatial and temporal adjustment factors.

(e) The ratios of the adjusted average prices will then be calculated, where possible, for items and pairs of participant countries, together with their inverse.

(f) PPPs will then be calculated, where possible, for all pairs of participant countries for the basic heading. For each pair of participant countries, PPPs will be calculated as the weighted geometric mean of: — the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of both countries, — the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of the first country but not of the second country, — the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of the second country but not of the first country, using weights reflecting the relative representativity of all items priced by both countries.

7.2. Estimation of missing bilateral parities

If for any basic heading the bilateral PPPs cannot be calculated, the missing bilateral PPPs will be estimated, where possible, by using the standard procedure of geometric averaging of indirect parities via third countries. Should the matrix of bilateral PPPs for a basic heading still contain any missing values after this estimation procedure, the calculation of multilateral EKS parities will then not be possible for the countries for which bilateral PPPs are missing. Such missing EKS parities will then be estimated by the Commission (Eurostat), using reference PPPs from similar basic headings or any other appropriate estimation method.

7.3. The calculation of bilateral parities at aggregate level

(a) The calculation of bilateral parities at a particular level of national accounts aggregation will be carried out using the EKS parities (see point 7.4), and the GDP expenditure weights, for the underlying basic headings.

(b) A Laspeyres-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the arithmetic mean of the parities for the underlying basic headings, weighted by the relative percentages (or nominal values) for the second country of each pair of participant countries.

(c) A Paasche-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the harmonic mean of the parities for the underlying basic headings, weighted by the relative percentages (or nominal values) for the first country of each pair of participant countries.

(d) A Fisher-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the geometric mean of the Laspeyres-type and Paasche-type parities established for each pair of participant countries.

7.4. Calculation of transitive multilateral PPPS

The calculation of transitive multilateral parities will be carried out either at basic heading level or any aggregated level by using the EKS procedure based on a complete matrix of Fisher-type parities between each pair of participant countries as follows:

where tEKSs denotes the EKS parity between country s and country t;

tFs denotes the Fisher-type parity between country s and country t;

z denotes the number of participant countries.

8. TRANSMISSION

8.1. The Commission (Eurostat) will supply to the Member States the templates for electronic transmission of the basic information necessary to calculate PPPs.

8.2. Member States will provide basic information to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with the templates.

9. PUBLICATION

In addition to the provisions contained in Article 9(2), the Commission (Eurostat) may publish results at a more detailed level after consultation with the Member States.

10. CORRECTIONS

10.1. When a mistake is discovered by a Member State, it will immediately and on its own initiative provide the Commission (Eurostat) with correct basic information. In addition, a Member State will inform the Commission (Eurostat) of any suspected inappropriate application of the calculation procedure.

10.2. After becoming aware of a mistake, made either by a Member State or the Commission (Eurostat), the Commission (Eurostat) will inform the Member States and recalculate the PPPs within one month.

10.3. If the mistakes discovered result in a change of at least 0,5 percentage points at the level of per capita GDP in PPS of any Member State, the Commission (Eurostat) will publish a correction as soon as possible, unless such mistakes are discovered later than three months after the results have been published.

10.4. Where a mistake has occurred, the responsible body will take steps to prevent similar future occurrences.

10.5. Revisions carried out after 33 months following the end of the reference year to GDP expenditure weights or to population estimates will not require a correction to be made to PPP results.









ANNEX II

▼M1

Basic headings as defined in Article 3(e)







BH number Description COICOP (1) COPNI (2) COFOG (2) CPA 2008 (3) INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLDS Food and non-alcoholic beverages Food Bread and cereals 1 Rice 01.1.1.1 2 Flours and other cereals 01.1.1.2 3 Bread 01.1.1.3 4 Other bakery products 01.1.1.4 5 Pizza and quiche 01.1.1.5 6 Pasta products and couscous 01.1.1.6 7 Breakfast cereals 01.1.1.7 8 Other cereal products 01.1.1.8 Meat 9 Beef and veal 01.1.2.1 10 Pork 01.1.2.2 11 Lamb and goat 01.1.2.3 12 Poultry 01.1.2.4 13 Other meats 01.1.2.5 14 Edible offal 01.1.2.6 15 Dried, salted or smoked meat 01.1.2.7 16 Other meat preparations 01.1.2.8 Fish and seafood 17 Fresh or chilled fish 01.1.3.1 18 Frozen fish 01.1.3.2 19 Fresh or chilled seafood 01.1.3.3 20 Frozen seafood 01.1.3.4 21 Dried, smoked or salted fish and seafood 01.1.3.5 22 Other preserved or processed fish and seafood-based preparations 01.1.3.6 Milk, cheese and eggs 23 Milk, whole, fresh 01.1.4.1 24 Milk, low fat, fresh 01.1.4.2 25 Milk, preserved 01.1.4.3 26 Yoghurt 01.1.4.4 27 Cheese and curd 01.1.4.5 28 Other milk products 01.1.4.6 29 Eggs 01.1.4.7 Oils and fats 30 Butter 01.1.5.1 31 Margarine and other vegetable fats 01.1.5.2 32 Olive oil 01.1.5.3 33 Other edible oils 01.1.5.4 34 Other edible animal fats 01.1.5.5 Fruit 35 Fresh or chilled fruit 01.1.6.1 36 Frozen fruit 01.1.6.2 37 Dried fruit and nuts 01.1.6.3 38 Preserved fruit and fruit-based products 01.1.6.4 Vegetables 39 Fresh or chilled vegetables other than potatoes and other tubers 01.1.7.1 40 Frozen vegetables other than potatoes and other tubers 01.1.7.2 41 Dried vegetables, other preserved or processed vegetables 01.1.7.3 42 Potatoes 01.1.7.4 43 Crisps 01.1.7.5 44 Other tubers and products of tuber vegetables 01.1.7.6 Sugar, jam, honey, chocolate and confectionery 45 Sugar 01.1.8.1 46 Jams, marmalades and honey 01.1.8.2 47 Chocolate 01.1.8.3 48 Confectionery products 01.1.8.4 49 Edible ices and ice cream 01.1.8.5 50 Artificial sugar substitutes 01.1.8.6 Food products n.e.c. 51 Sauces, condiments 01.1.9.1 52 Salt, spices and culinary herbs 01.1.9.2 53 Baby food 01.1.9.3 54 Ready-made meals 01.1.9.4 55 Other food products n.e.c. 01.1.9.9 Non-alcoholic beverages Coffee, tea and cocoa 56 Coffee 01.2.1.1 57 Tea 01.2.1.2 58 Cocoa and powdered chocolate 01.2.1.3 Mineral waters, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable juices 59 Mineral or spring waters 01.2.2.1 60 Soft drinks 01.2.2.2 61 Fruit and vegetable juices 01.2.2.3 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics Alcoholic beverages Spirits 62 Spirits 02.1.1.0 Wine 63 Wine 02.1.2.0 Beer 64 Beer 02.1.3.0 Tobacco Tobacco 65 Tobacco 02.2.0.0 Narcotics Narcotics 66 Narcotics 02.3.0.0 Clothing and footwear Clothing Clothing materials 67 Clothing materials 03.1.1.0 Garments 68 Garments for men 03.1.2.1 69 Garments for women 03.1.2.2 70 Garments for infants (0 to 2 years) and children (3 to 13 years) 03.1.2.3 Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories 71 Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories 03.1.3.0 Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing 72 Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing 03.1.4.0 Footwear Shoes and other footwear 73 Footwear for men 03.2.1.1 74 Footwear for women 03.2.1.2 75 Footwear for infants and children 03.2.1.3 Repair and hire of footwear 76 Repair and hire of footwear 03.2.2.0 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels Actual rentals for housing Actual rentals for housing 77 Actual rentals for housing 04.1.0.0 Imputed rentals for housing Imputed rentals for housing 78 Imputed rentals for housing 04.2.0.0 Maintenance and repair of the dwelling Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 79 Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.1.0 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 80 Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling 04.3.2.0 Water supply and miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling Water supply 81 Water supply 04.4.1.0 Refuse collection 82 Refuse collection 04.4.2.0 Sewage collection 83 Sewage collection 04.4.3.0 Other services relating to the dwelling n.e.c. 84 Other services relating to the dwelling n.e.c. 04.4.4.0 Electricity, gas and other fuels Electricity 85 Electricity 04.5.1.0 Gas 86 Natural gas and town gas 04.5.2.1 87 Liquefied hydrocarbons (butane, propane, etc.) 04.5.2.2 Liquid fuels 88 Liquid fuels 04.5.3.0 Solid fuels 89 Solid fuels 04.5.4.0 Heat energy 90 Heat energy 04.5.5.0 Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor coverings Furniture and furnishings 91 Household furniture 05.1.1.1 92 Garden furniture 05.1.1.2 93 Lighting equipment 05.1.1.3 94 Other furniture and furnishings 05.1.1.9 Carpets and other floor coverings 95 Carpets and other floor coverings 05.1.2.0 Repair of furniture, furnishings and floor coverings 96 Repair of furniture, furnishings and floor coverings 05.1.3.0 Household textiles Household textiles 97 Furnishing fabrics and curtains 05.2.0.1 98 Bed linen 05.2.0.2 99 Table linen and bathroom linen 05.2.0.3 100 Repair of household textiles 05.2.0.4 101 Other household textiles 05.2.0.9 Household appliances Major household appliances whether electric or not 102 Refrigerators, freezers and fridge-freezers 05.3.1.1 103 Clothes washing machines, clothes drying machines and dish washing machines 05.3.1.2 104 Cookers 05.3.1.3 105 Heaters, air conditioners 05.3.1.4 106 Cleaning equipment 05.3.1.5 107 Other major household appliances 05.3.1.9 Small electric household appliances 108 Small electric household appliances 05.3.2.0 Repair of household appliances 109 Repair of household appliances 05.3.3.0 Glassware, tableware and household utensils Glassware, tableware and household utensils 110 Glassware, crystal-ware, ceramic ware and chinaware 05.4.0.1 111 Cutlery, flatware and silverware 05.4.0.2 112 Non-electric kitchen utensils and articles 05.4.0.3 113 Repair of glassware, tableware and household utensils 05.4.0.4 Tools and equipment for house and garden Major tools and equipment 114 Major tools and equipment 05.5.1.0 Small tools and miscellaneous accessories 115 Small tools and miscellaneous accessories 05.5.2.0 Goods and services for routine household maintenance Non-durable household goods 116 Cleaning and maintenance products 05.6.1.1 117 Other non-durable small household articles 05.6.1.2 Domestic services and household services 118 Domestic services by paid staff 05.6.2.1 119 Cleaning services 05.6.2.2 120 Hire of furniture and furnishings 05.6.2.3 121 Other domestic services and household services 05.6.2.9 Health — HH Medical products, appliances and equipment Pharmaceutical products 122 Pharmaceutical products 06.1.1.0 Other medical products 123 Other medical products 06.1.2.0 Therapeutic appliances and equipment 124 Therapeutic appliances and equipment 06.1.3.0 Out-patient services Medical Services 125 Medical services 06.2.1.0 Dental services 126 Dental services 06.2.2.0 Paramedical services 127 Paramedical services 06.2.3.0 Hospital services Hospital services 128 General hospitals 06.3.0.1 129 Mental health and substance abuse hospitals 06.3.0.2 130 Speciality hospitals 06.3.0.3 131 Nursing and residential care facilities 06.3.0.4 Transport Purchase of vehicles Motor cars 132 New motor cars 07.1.1.1 133 Second-hand motor cars 07.1.1.2 Motor cycles 134 Motor cycles 07.1.2.0 Bicycles 135 Bicycles 07.1.3.0 Animal drawn vehicles 136 Animal drawn vehicles 07.1.4.0 Operation of personal transport equipment Spare parts and accessories for personal transport equipment 137 Tyres 07.2.1.1 138 Spare parts for personal transport equipment 07.2.1.2 139 Accessories for personal transport equipment 07.2.1.3 Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment 140 Diesel 07.2.2.1 141 Petrol 07.2.2.2 142 Other fuels for personal transport equipment 07.2.2.3 143 Lubricants 07.2.2.4 Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment 144 Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment 07.2.3.0 Other services in respect of personal transport equipment 145 Other services in respect of personal transport equipment 07.2.4.0 Transport services Passenger transport by railway 146 Passenger transport by train 07.3.1.1 147 Passenger transport by underground and tram 07.3.1.2 Passenger transport by road 148 Passenger transport by bus and coach 07.3.2.1 149 Passenger transport by taxi and hired car with driver 07.3.2.2 Passenger transport by air 150 Passenger transport by air 07.3.3.0 Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway 151 Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway 07.3.4.0 Combined passenger transport 152 Combined passenger transport 07.3.5.0 Other purchased transport services 153 Other purchased transport services 07.3.6.0 Communication Postal services Postal services 154 Postal services 08.1.0.0 Telephone and telefax equipment Telephone and telefax equipment 155 Telephone and telefax equipment 08.2.0.0 Telephone and telefax services Telephone and telefax services 156 Wired telephone services 08.3.0.1 157 Wireless telephone services 08.3.0.2 158 Internet access provision services 08.3.0.3 159 Bundled telecommunication services 08.3.0.4 160 Other information transmission services 08.3.0.5 Recreation and culture — HH Audiovisual, photographic and information processing equipment Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and picture 161 Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound 09.1.1.1 162 Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and vision 09.1.1.2 163 Portable sound and vision devices 09.1.1.3 164 Other equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and picture 09.1.1.9 Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments 165 Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments 09.1.2.0 Information processing equipment 166 Personal computers 09.1.3.1 167 Accessories for information processing equipment 09.1.3.2 168 Software 09.1.3.3 169 Calculators and other information processing equipment 09.1.3.4 Recording media 170 Pre-recorded recording media 09.1.4.1 171 Unrecorded recording media 09.1.4.2 172 Other recording media 09.1.4.9 Repair of audiovisual, photographic and information processing equipment 173 Repair of audiovisual, photographic and information processing equipment 09.1.5.0 Other major durables for recreation and culture Major durables for outdoor recreation 174 Major durables for outdoor recreation 09.2.1.0 Musical instruments and major durables for indoor recreation 175 Musical instruments and major durables for indoor recreation 09.2.2.0 Maintenance and repair of other major durables for recreation and culture 176 Maintenance and repair of other major durables for recreation and culture 09.2.3.0 Other recreational items and equipment, gardens and pets Games, toys and hobbies 177 Games and hobbies 09.3.1.1 178 Toys and celebration articles 09.3.1.2 Equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation 179 Equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation 09.3.2.0 Gardens, plants and flowers 180 Garden products 09.3.3.1 181 Plants and flowers 09.3.3.2 Pets and related products 182 Pets and related products 09.3.4.0 Veterinary and other services for pets 183 Veterinary and other services for pets 09.3.5.0 Recreational and cultural services Recreational and sporting services 184 Recreational and sporting services 09.4.1.0 Cultural services 185 Cinemas, theatres, concerts 09.4.2.1 186 Museums, libraries, zoological gardens 09.4.2.2 187 Television and radio licence fees, subscriptions 09.4.2.3 188 Hire of equipment and accessories for culture 09.4.2.4 189 Photographic services 09.4.2.5 190 Other cultural services 09.4.2.9 Games of chance 191 Games of chance 09.4.3.0 Newspapers, books and stationery Books 192 Books 09.5.1.0 Newspapers and periodicals 193 Newspapers 09.5.2.1 194 Magazines and periodicals 09.5.2.2 Miscellaneous printed matter 195 Miscellaneous printed matter 09.5.3.0 Stationery and drawing materials 196 Stationery and drawing materials 09.5.4.0 Package holidays Package holidays 197 Package holidays 09.6.0.0 Education — HH Education — HH Education — HH 198 Education — HH 10.0.0.0 Restaurants and hotels Catering services Restaurants, cafés and the like 199 Restaurants, cafés and dancing establishments 11.1.1.1 200 Fast food and take away food services 11.1.1.2 Canteens 201 Canteens 11.1.2.0 Accommodation services Accommodation services 202 Hotels, motels, inns and similar accommodation services 11.2.0.1 203 Holiday centres, camping sites, youth hostels and similar accommodation services 11.2.0.2 204 Accommodation services of other establishments 11.2.0.3 Miscellaneous goods and services Personal care Hairdressing salons and personal grooming establishments 205 Hairdressing for men and children 12.1.1.1 206 Hairdressing for women 12.1.1.2 207 Personal grooming treatments 12.1.1.3 Electric appliances for personal care 208 Electric appliances for personal care 12.1.2.0 Other appliances, articles and products for personal care 209 Non-electrical appliances 12.1.3.1 210 Articles for personal hygiene and wellness, esoteric products and beauty products 12.1.3.2 Prostitution Prostitution 211 Prostitution 12.2.0.0 Personal effects n.e.c. Jewellery, clocks and watches 212 Jewellery 12.3.1.1 213 Clocks and watches 12.3.1.2 214 Repair of jewellery, clocks and watches 12.3.1.3 Other personal effects 215 Other personal effects 12.3.2.0 Social protection Social protection 216 Social protection 12.4.0.0 Insurance Life insurance 217 Life insurance 12.5.1.0 Insurance connected with the dwelling 218 Insurance connected with the dwelling 12.5.2.0 Insurance connected with health 219 Insurance connected with health 12.5.3.0 Insurance connected with transport 220 Insurance connected with transport 12.5.4.0 Other insurance 221 Other insurance 12.5.5.0 Financial services n.e.c. FISIM 222 FISIM 12.6.1.0 Other financial services n.e.c. 223 Other financial services n.e.c. 12.6.2.0 Other services n.e.c. Other services n.e.c. 224 Other services n.e.c. 12.7.0.0 Net purchases abroad Net purchases abroad Net purchases abroad 225 Net purchases abroad INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY NPISHs Housing — NPISH Housing — NPISH Housing — NPISH 226 Housing — NPISH 01 Health — NPISH Health — NPISH Health — NPISH 227 Health — NPISH 02 Recreation and culture — NPISH Recreation and culture — NPISH Recreation and culture — NPISH 228 Recreation and culture — NPISH 03 Education — NPISH Education — NPISH Education — NPISH 229 Education — NPISH 04 Social protection — NPISH Social protection — NPISH Social protection — NPISH 230 Social protection — NPISH 05 Other services — NPISH Other services — NPISH Other services — NPISH 231 Other services — NPISH 06 to 09 INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT Housing — GG Housing — GG Housing — GG 232 Housing — GG 10.6.0 Health — GG Health — GG Health — GG 233 Health — GG 07 Recreation and culture — GG Recreation and culture — GG Recreation and culture — GG 234 Recreation and culture — GG 08 Education — GG Education — GG Education — GG 235 Education — GG 09 Social protection — GG Social protection — GG Social protection — GG 236 Social protection — GG 10 excluding 10.6 COLLECTIVE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT Collective consumption expenditure by government Collective consumption expenditure by government Collective consumption expenditure by government 237 Compensation of employees (collective services) 238 Intermediate consumption 239 Gross operating surplus 240 Net taxes on production 241 Receipts from sales GROSS CAPITAL FORMATION Gross fixed capital formation Machinery and equipment Metal products and equipment 242 Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (CPA 25, except 25.4) 25, except 25.4 243 Information and communication equipment (CPA 26.1, 26.2 and 26.3) 26.1 to 26.3 244 Other electronic and optical products (CPA 26.4 to 26.8) 26.4 to 26.8 245 Electrical equipment (CPA 27) 27 246 General purpose machinery (CPA 28.1 and 28.2) 28.1 and 28.2 247 Special purpose machinery (CPA 28.3 to 28.9) 28.3 to 28.9 Transport equipment 248 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (CPA 29) 29 249 Other transport equipment (CPA 30) 30 Construction Residential buildings 250 Residential buildings (CPA 41) 41 Non-residential buildings 251 Non-residential buildings (CPA 41) 41 Civil engineering works 252 Civil engineering works (CPA 42) 42 Other products Other products 253 Furniture and other manufactured goods (CPA 31 and 32) 31 and 32 254 Computer software (CPA 58.2 and 62.01) 58.2 and 62.01 255 Other products n.e.c. rest Changes in inventories Changes in inventories Changes in inventories 256 Changes in inventories Acquisitions less disposals of valuables Acquisitions less disposals of valuables Acquisitions less disposals of valuables 257 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables BALANCE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Balance of exports and imports Balance of exports and imports Balance of exports and imports 258 Balance of exports and imports (1) Further breakdown of COICOP as defined in chapter 23 of Annex A to Regulation (EU) No 549/2013. (2) As defined in chapter 23 of Annex A to Regulation (EU) No 549/2013. (3) As defined in Commission Regulation (EU) No 1209/2014.