1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No2771/1999
of16December 1999
layingdowndetailedrulesfortheapplicationofCouncilRegulation(EC)No1255/1999asregards
interventiononthemarketinbutterandcream
(OJ L 333, 24.12.1999, p. 11)
Amended by:
OfficialJournal
No page date
►M1 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1560/2000 of 17 July 2000 L 179 10 18.7.2000
►M2 Commission Regulation (EC) No 2099/2000 of 3 October 2000 L 249 20 4.10.2000
Corrected by:
►C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 43, 14.2.2001, p. 40 (2771/1999)
▼B
COMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No2771/1999
of16December 1999
layingdowndetailedrulesfortheapplicationofCouncilRegulation
(EC)No1255/1999asregardsinterventiononthemarketinbutter
andcream
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to CouncilRegul ation (EC) No 1255/1999 of 17 May
1999 on the common organisation of the market in milk and milkproducts (
1), and in particular Articles 10 and 40 thereof,
Whereas:
(1) Regulation EC) No 1255/1999 replaced Council Regulation
(EEC) No 804/68 (2), as last amended by Regulation (EC) No
1587/96 (3), and also inter alia , CouncilRegul ation (EEC) No
777/87 (4), as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 1634/91 (5),
concerning the intervention arrangements for butter andskimmed-milk powder. In view of those new arrangements and
in the light of the experience gained, it is appropriate to amend
and, where necessary simplify the detailed rules governingintervention on the market in butter and cream. In the interestsof clarity, therefore, the recasting of the specific Regulationsgoverning the various aspects of intervention, namely Commis-
sion Regulations (EEC) No 2315/76 (
6), as last amended by
Regulation (EC) No 1824/97 (7), (EEC) No 1547/87 (8), as last
amended by Regulation (EC) No 1802/95 (9), (EEC) No 1589/
87 (10), as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 124/1999 (11), and
(EC) No 454/95 (12), as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 390/
1999 (13), should be undertaken.
(2) Article 6(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 lays down criteriaunder which the intervention agencies buy in butter throughinvitation to tender and under which buying-in is to be suspended.It is necessary, firstly, to specify the cases in which buying-in isto be opened or suspended in the Member State concerned and,
secondly, to fix the representative period during which the level
of market prices for butter in relation to the intervention pricemust be recorded. To that end, the ‘market price for butter’ shouldbe defined and arrangements set up for recording those prices atnational level. For practical reasons, the Belgo-Luxembourg
Economic Union should be considered a single Member State.
(3) The intervention agencies may only buy in butter which meets the
requirements laid down in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 as well as the conditions of quality and presentation, whichneed to be defined. The methods of analysis and detailed rules
governing quality control should also be specified and, if the
situation so requires, provision should be made for checks of theradioactivity in butter, the maximum levels of which need to beestablished, where appropriate, by Community legislation.However, it should be possible for Member States to authorise
a system of self checking, subject to certain conditions. For1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ L 160, 26.6.1999, p. 48.
(2) OJ L 148, 28.6.1968, p. 13.
(3) OJ L 206, 16.8.1996, p. 21.
(4) OJ L 78, 20.3.1987, p. 10.
(5) OJ L 150, 15.6.1991, p. 26.
(6) OJ L 261, 25.9.1976, p. 12.
(7) OJ L 260, 23.9.1997, p. 8.
(8) OJ L 144, 4.6.1987, p. 12.
(9) OJ L 174, 26.7.1995, p. 27.
(10) OJ L 146, 6.6.1987, p. 27.
(11) OJ L 16, 21.1.1999, p. 19.
(12) OJ L 46, 1.3.1995, p. 1.
(13) OJ L 48, 24.2.1999, p. 3.
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practicalreasons, the period during which butter offered for
intervention is produced should be extensible when the intervalbetween two invitations to tender is longer than 21 days.
(4) To ensure that the intervention arrangements function smoothly, it
is necessary to specify the conditions for the approvalof
manufacturing undertakings and verification of compliancetherewith. To ensure that the arrangements are effective,provision should be made for action to be taken if theseconditions are not complied with. Since butter may be bought
in by an intervention agency belonging to a Member State other
than that on whose territory it was produced, the interventionagency which does the buying-in should in such cases be able toverify that the conditions relating to quality and presentation arecomplied with.
(5) Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 stipulates that buying-in is to becarried out by tendering procedure. To ensure that all interested
parties in the Community are treated equally, invitations to tender
should be advertised in the Official Journal of the European
Communities . The details of the tender, particularly the minimum
quantity, deadlines for submission and the maximum buying-inprice should be defined. To ensure compliance with the
requirements as to the quality and presentation of the butter at
the time when the tender is submitted, and after its entry intostorage, tenderers should be required to submit a writtenundertaking to that effect together with their tender. Tendersshould also be accompanied by a security, in order to guaranteethat the tender will be maintained after the closing date for
submission of tenders and that the butter will be delivered within
time limits to be laid down.
(6) It should be possible to guarantee the quality of the butter, and theterms of buying-in by means of checks at different stages duringstorage. Failure to comply with the requirements should notimpose an additionalburden on the Community budget. Provisionshould therefore be made for sub-standard butter to be taken back
by the operator, who should be obliged to bear the storage costs
incurred.
(7) The Member States' obligations should be specified with a viewto the proper management of stocks in storage, by stipulating amaximum distance for the place of storage and the costs to beborne when that distance is exceeded, and requiring, in particular,
that stocks be accessible, that batches be identified and that butter
in storage be insured against risks. In order to ensure a uniformfrequency and level of checks, it is necessary to specify the natureand number of inspections of storage premises to be performed bythe nationalauthorities.
(8) Proper management of intervention stock requires the butter to beresold as soon as outlets become available. To ensure equal access
to butter for sale, all interested parties should be able to buy. In
order not to destabilise the market, the selling price should befixed having regard to the market situation. Conditions for sale,entailing the lodging of a performance bond should be laid down,particularly as regards the taking-over of the butter and the timelimits for payment. In order to monitor the situation of stocks,
Member States should inform the Commission of the quantities of
butter sold.
(9) Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 provides for aid tobe granted for the private storage of butter and cream. To ensurethat the arrangements can be monitored properly, provisionshould be made for a contract and a set of specifications regarding
storage conditions. For the same reason, detailed rules should also
be laid down regarding documentation, accounting and thefrequency of checks and inspection procedures, particularly inrespect of the requirements laid down in Article 6(3). To facilitatechecks on the presence of products stored under private storagecontracts, there should be provision for them to be removed from1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 3
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storage in lots unless the Member State authorises removal of a
smaller quantity.
(10) To ensure that the private storage scheme is properly managed, itis appropriate to fix annually, on the basis of the storage period,the amount of the aid, the dates of entry into storage and the dateson which storers may remove from storage all or part of thequantities comprised in the contracts. Such dates, storage periods
and aid amounts may be changed to take account of the market
situation.
(11) In the case of aid for cream, in order to take account of the valueof the product and for practicalreasons, the amount of aid shoul d
be fixed in butter equivalent and according to fat content. It is
also justified to require that fat content be checked systematically.To that end, storers should be required to undertake to complywith a minimum fat content, fixed in advance, for the entirestorage period. Experience has shown that in some cases it isdesirable to ease the administrative burden by providing for
checks by sampling. However, since it is impossible to verify
exactly the fat content of cream after freezing, where theabovementioned undertaking is not complied with no aid shouldbe paid for any of the lots placed in storage after the most recentsatisfactory check.
(12) The third subparagraph of Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No1255/1999 provides that the amount of the aid may be increased ifchanges on the market so warrants. The conditions determiningthis adjustment, and its scope, should therefore be defined.
(13) Since Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 fixes the intervention pricefrom 1 July 2000, in the interests of clarity the intervention priceapplicable from the date of entry into force of this Regulationuntil30 June 2000 shoul d be specified.
(14) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordancewith the opinion of the Management Committee for milk and milkproducts,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
CHAPTERI
Scope
Article 1
1. This Regulation lays down the detailed rules for applying
intervention measures in the milk and milk products sector as provided
for in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999.
2. For the purposes of this Regulation, the Belgo-Luxembourg
Economic Union shall be considered a single Member State.
CHAPTERII
Public storage
SECTION 1
Conditions for buying in butter
Article 2
1. Once it is observed in a Member State that, for two weeks in
succession, the market price is lower than 92 % of the intervention price,
the Commission shall commence buying in under a tendering procedure,as provided for in Article 6(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 in theMember State concerned, in accordance with the procedure laid down inArticle 42 of that Regulation.
2. Once it is observed in a Member State that, for two weeks in
succession, the market price is equalto or higher than 92 % of the1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 4
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intervention price, the Commission shall suspend buying in under a
tendering procedure, as provided for in Article 6(1) of Regulation (EC)No 1255/1999 in the Member State concerned, in accordance with the
procedure laid down in Article 42 of that Regulation.
Article 3
The intervention agencies shall buy in only butter which meets the
provisions contained in the first subparagraph of Article 6(2) ofRegulation (EC) No 1255/1999 and in Article 4 of this Regulation.
Article 4
1. The competent authorities shall check the quality of butter using
the analytical methods set out in Annexes I, II and III and on the basis ofsamples taken in accordance with the rules set out in Annex IV.However, Member States may, if the Commission agrees, set up a
system of self checking under their own supervision in respect of certain
quality requirements and in the case of certain approved undertakings.
2. Levels of radioactivity in the butter may not exceed the maximum
levels permitted, where applicable, under Community rules.
The level of radioactive contamination of the product shall be monitored
only if the situation so requires, and during the requisite period. Wherenecessary, the duration and scope of checks shall be determined inaccordance with the procedure laid down in Article 42 of Regulation(EC) No 1255/1999.
3. The butter shall have been made during the 23 days preceding the
closing date for submission of tenders as referred to in Article 10. Wherethe intervalbetween two consecutive invitations to tender is l onger than21 days, the butter may have been made during that period.
4. The minimum quantity of butter offered shall be 10 tonnes.
Member States may require butter to be offered by the full tonne only.
5. The butter shall be packaged and delivered in blocks of at least 25
kilograms net.
6. The butter shall be packed in new, strong material in such a way as
to ensure it is protected throughout transportation, storage and removal
from storage. The packaging shall show at least the followingparticulars, where appropriate in code:
(a) the approvalnumber identifying the factory and the Member State of
production;
(b) the date of production;
(c) the date of entry into storage;
(d) the production batch number and the package number; the package
number may be replaced by a pallet number marked on the pallet;
(e) the words ‘sweet cream’ if the aqueous phase of the butter has the
corresponding pH;
(f) the national quality class referred to in Annex V, where this is
required by the Member State of production.
Member States may waive the obligation to show the date of entry into
storage on the packaging, provided that the store manager undertakes tokeep a register in which the particulars referred to in the secondsubparagraph are recorded on the date of entry into storage.
Article 5
1. Undertakings as referred to in Article 6(2) of Regulation (EC) No
1255/1999 shall be approved only if they:
(a) are approved in accordance with Article 10 of Council Directive 92/
46/EEC (
1), and have the appropriate technicalequipment;1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 5
(1) OJ L 268, 14.9.1992, p. 1.
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(b) undertake to keep permanent records in the form determined by the
competent agency of each Member State, listing the origin of theraw materials, the quantities of butter obtained and the packaging,
identification and exit date of each production batch intended for
public intervention;
(c) agree to submit their production of butter to a specific official
inspection and, where applicable, to meet the requirements for thenational quality class referred to in Annex V;
(d) undertake to inform the competent agency responsible for inspec-
tion, at least two working days in advance, of their intention toproduce butter for public intervention. However, the Member State
may set a shorter time limit.
2. To ensure compliance with this Regulation, the competent
agencies shall carry out unannounced on-the-spot inspections, on the
basis of the intervention butter production schedule of the undertakings
concerned.
They shall carry out at least:
(a) one inspection per period of 28 days of production for intervention
with at least one inspection every six months, to examine the recordsreferred to in paragraph 1(b);
(b) one inspection every six months, to verify compliance with the other
conditions for approvalreferred to in paragraph 1.
3. Approval shall be withdrawn if the preconditions laid down in
paragraph 1(a) are no longer satisfied. Approval may be regranted at therequest of the enterprise concerned after a period of at least six months,following a thorough inspection.
Except in cases of force majeure , where an enterprise is found not to
have complied with one of its undertakings as referred to in paragraph1(b), (c) and (d), approvalshal lbe suspended for a period of between
one and 12 months depending on the seriousness of the irregularity.
The Member State shall not impose the said suspension where it is found
that the irregularity was not committed deliberately or as a result ofserious negligence and it is of minor importance with regard to the
effectiveness of the inspections provided for in paragraph 2.
4. A report shall be drawn up on the inspections carried out pursuant
to paragraphs 2 and 3, specifying:
(a) the date of the inspection;
(b) its duration;
(c) the operations carried out.
The report shall be signed by the inspector responsible.
5. Member States shall inform the Commission of the measures taken
with regard to the inspections provided for in paragraphs 2 and 3 withinone month of their adoption.
Article 6
1. Where the butter is offered to intervention in a Member State other
than that in which it was produced, buying-in shall be subject to the
presentation of a certificate supplied not later than 45 days after the
closing date for submission of tenders by the competent agency of theMember State of production.
The certificate shall contain the information referred to in Article
4(6)(a), (b), (d) and, where applicable, (f), and a confirmation that thebutter has been produced directly and exclusively from pasteurisedcream, within the meaning of the second indent of Article 6(6) ofRegulation (EC) No 1255/1999, in an approved undertaking in theCommunity.
2. Where the Member State of production has performed the checks
referred to in Article 4(1), the certificate shall also contain the results ofthose checks and confirm that the product concerned is butter within the1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 6
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meaning of the first subparagraph of Article 6(2) of Regulation (EC) No
1255/1999. In that case, the packaging referred to in Article 4(6) must besealed by means of a numbered label issued by the competent agency of
the Member State of production. The number must be entered on the
certificate referred to in paragraph 1.
SECTION 2
Price recording
Article 7
The market prices of butter as referred to in Article 6(1) of Regulation
(EC) No 1255/1999 shall be the prices ex-factory with payment within
21 days, exclusive of national taxes and charges, of fresh butter meetingthe conditions set out in the first subparagraph of Article 6(2) ofRegulation (EC) No 1255/1999, packaged in blocks of at least 25kilograms net.
The ex-factory prices shall be raised by a flat-rate amount of EUR 2,5
per 100 kilograms to take account of the transport costs necessary todeliver the butter to a cold storage plant.
Article 8
1. Market prices at national level shall be recorded each week, either
by prices boards or on the representative markets.
The weekly recording of prices shall relate to prices as provided for in
Article 7, recorded during the preceding week.
Prices shall be expressed in euro, rounded to two decimal places, per
100 kilograms.
2. Member States shall determine:
(a) the membership of prices boards, in such a way as to ensure that
buyers and sellers engaged in transactions involving a large quantityof butter are equally represented or, as the case may be, the systemfor recording prices on the representative markets;
(b) the provisions needed to check the data on which the price recording
is based;
(c) in cases where transactions relating to butter of the quality referred
to in the first paragraph of Article 7 are insufficient in volume to be
deemed representative, the criteria for establishing the ratio between
the prices for butter for which there have been enough transactionsand those for butter as referred to in Article 7.
The Member States shall provide the Commission with a description of
the arrangements set up in accordance with the first subparagraph.
3. Not later than 12 noon (Brussels time) of each Wednesday,
Member States shall inform the Commission of the prices recorded in
accordance with paragraph 1.
4. On each Thursday the Commission shall record the level of market
prices in each Member State in comparison with the intervention price.
SECTION 3
Tendering procedure
Article 9
Once the Commission has noted that the condition referred to in Article
2(1) is fulfilled in a Member State, the intervention agency concerned
shall buy in butter in accordance with this Section.
A notice of invitation to tender shall be published in the OfficialJournal
of the European Communities .1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 7
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Article 10
The closing date for submission of tenders for each individual invitation
to tender shall fall on every second and fourth Tuesday of the month atnoon (Brussels time), except the second Tuesday in August and thefourth Tuesday in December. If the Tuesday is a public holiday, theclosing date shall be the last preceding working day at noon (Brussels
time).
Article 11
1. Interested parties shall participate in the tendering procedure
announced by the intervention agency of a Member State either by
submitting a written tender against issuance of a receipt, or by any
written means of telecommunication with proof of receipt.
2. Tenders shall contain:
(a) the name and address of the tenderer;
(b) the quantity offered, the minimum fat content;
(c) the proposed price per 100 kilograms of butter, exclusive of national
taxes and charges, delivered to the loading bay of the cold store,expressed in euro to no more than two decimalpl aces;
(d) the place where the butter is held.
3. Tenders shall be valid only if:
(a) they relate to a quantity of butter meeting the requirements of
Article 4(4);
(b) they are accompanied by a written undertaking by the tenderer to
comply with Articles 4(3) and 17(2);
(c) proof is furnished that the tenderer has lodged a security of EUR 5
per 100 kg for the invitation to tender concerned, in the MemberState in which the tender was submitted, before the closing date forsubmission of tenders.
4. The undertaking provided for in paragraph 3(b), if forwarded
initially to the intervention agency, shall be deemed to be tacitlyrenewed for subsequent tenders until explicitly cancelled by the tendereror the intervention agency, provided that:
(a) the originaltender stipul ates that the tenderer intends to avail
himself of this provision,
(b) subsequent tenders refer to this provision (Article 11 (4)) and to the
date of the originaltender.
5. The intervention agency shall record the day on which the tender
was received, the quantities involved and their respective dates ofmanufacture and the place where the butter offered is stored.
6. Tenders may not be withdrawn after the closing date referred to in
Article 10 for the submission of tenders relating to the invitation to
tender concerned.
Article 12
Maintenance of the tender after the closing date for submission of
tenders, and delivery of the butter to the depot designated by the
intervention agency within the time limit laid down in Article 15(3),shall constitute primary requirements within the meaning of Article 20of Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2220/85 (
1).
Article 13
1. The Member States shall inform the Commission of the quantities
and prices offered by tenderers, no later than 9.00 a.m. (Brussels time)on the day after the closing date referred to in Article 10.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 8
(1) OJ L 205, 3.8.1985, p. 5.
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2. In the light of the tenders received for each invitation to tender, the
Commission shall fix a maximum buying-in price, by reference to theintervention prices applicable, in accordance with the procedure laid
down in Article 42 of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999.
3. A decision may be taken not to proceed with the invitation to
tender.
Article 14
1. Tenders shall be refused if the price proposes higher than the
maximum price referred to in Article 13(2), applying to the tendering
procedure concerned.
2. The rights and obligations resulting from the tendering procedure
shall not be transferable.
Article 15
1. Tenderers shall be informed immediately by the intervention
agency of the outcome of their participation in the tendering procedure.
Where tenders have been unsuccessful, the securities referred to in
Article 11(3)(c) shall be released immediately.
2. The intervention agency shall immediately issue to the successful
tenderer a dated and numbered delivery order indicating:
(a) the quantity to be delivered;
(b) the finaldate for del ivery of the butter;
(c) the cold storage depot to which it must be delivered.
3. Within 21 days of the closing date for submission of tenders, the
successful tenderer shall deliver the butter to the loading bay of the cold
store. Delivery may be in several consignments.
Any costs incurred in unloading the butter at the loading bay of the cold
store shall be borne by the successful tenderer.
4. The security shall be released as soon as the successful tenderer
has delivered the quantity indicated on the delivery order within the timelimit laid down.
5. Except in cases of force majeure , where the successfultenderer
fails to deliver the butter within the time limit laid down, not only shallthe security provided for in Article 11(3)(c) be forfeit in proportion tothe quantities not delivered, but buying-in shall also be cancelled inrespect of the remaining quantities.
Article 16
1. The intervention agency shall pay the successful tenderer the price
indicated in the tender for each quantity of butter taken over, between
the 45th and 65th day afrer taking over, provided that compliance with
the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 has been confirmed.
2. The day of the taking-over shall mean the day on which the butter
enters the cold store designated by the intervention agency, but no
earlier than the day following that on which the delivery order referred
to in Article 15(2) was issued.
Article 17
1. The butter shall be put through a trial storage period. This period
shall be fixed at 30 days starting from the day of taking over.
2. By their tenders, sellers shall undertake that, where the inspection
on entry into the store designated by the intervention agency shows that
the butter does not meet the provisions of Articles 3 and 4, or where, at
the end of the trial storageperiod, the minimum organoleptic quality ofthe butter proves to be below that set in Annex I:
(a) they will take back the butter in question; and1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 9
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(b) they will pay the storage costs of the butter concerned from the day
on which it was taken over untilthe date of its removalfrom storage.
The storage costs to be paid shall be determined on the basis of the
standard amounts for entry, removaland storage costs l aid down
pursuant to Article 6 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 1883/78 (1).
SECTION 4
Entry into and removalfrom storage
Article 18
1. The Member States shall lay down technical standards, providing
in particular for a storage temperature of not lower than -15 ºC, for thecold stores referred to in the third subparagraph of Article 6(2) of
Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 and shall take any other measures
needed to ensure that the butter is properly conserved. The relevant risksshall be covered by insurance in the form of either a contractualobligation on storers or a comprehensive coverage of the liability borneby the intervention agency; the Member States may also act as their own
insurers.
2. The intervention agencies shall require that butter be delivered to
the loading bay of the cold store, and be taken into storage and kept
there, on pallets, in such a way as to create easily identifiable and readilyaccessible lots.
3. The competent agency responsible for checks shall perform
unannounced checks on the presence of the butter in store, in accordancewith Article 4 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 2148/96 (
2).
Article 19
1. The intervention agency shall choose the available cold store
nearest to the place where the butter is stored.
However, provided that the choice of another cold store does not result
in additionalstorage costs, it may choose another store situated withinthe distance referred to in paragraph 2.
It may choose a cold store situated beyond that distance if the resulting
expenditure, inclusive of storage and transport costs, is lower. In thiscase the intervention agency shall notify the Commission of its choice
forthwith.
2. The maximum distance referred to in the third subparagraph of
Article 6(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 shall be 350 kilometres.
Beyond that distance, the additionaltransport costs borne by theintervention agency shall be EUR 0,065 per tonne and per kilometre.
However, where the intervention agency buying in the butter is in a
Member State other than the one in whose territory the offered butter isstored, no account shall be taken, in calculating the maximum distancereferred to in the first subparagraph, of the distance between the store of
the vendor and the border of the Member State of the purchasing
intervention agency.
3. The additionalcharges referred to in paragraph 2 shal lbe borne by
the intervention agency only if the temperature of the butter does notexceed 6 ºC on arrivalat the col d store.
Article 20
At the time of removal from store the intervention agency shall, in the
case of delivery ex-cold store, make the butter available on pallets at thestore's loadingbay, loaded, where appropriate, onto the means of1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 10
(1) OJ L 216, 5.8.1978, p. 1.
(2) OJ L 288, 9.11.1996, p. 6.▼M1
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transport where this is a lorry or a railway wagon. The costs involved
shall be borne be the intervention agency and any stowage anddepalletising costs shall be borne by the purchaser of the butter.
SECTION 5
Sale of butter
Article 21
Intervention agencies in the Member States shall sell to any interested
party butter which they hold and which entered storage before ►M21
September 1999 ◄.
Article 22
1. Butter shall be sold ex-storage depot at a price equal to the
intervention price fixed in Article 4(1)(a) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 and applying on the day on which the sale contract is concluded,plus EUR 1 per 100 kg.
It shall be sold in quantities of not less than five tonnes. However, where
the quantity remaining in a storage depot is less than five tonnes, the sale
shall relate to that smaller quantity.
2. The intervention agency shall sell the butter only if a security equal
to EUR 10 per 100 kg is lodged, no later than the conclusion of the
contract of sale, in order to ensure that the primary requirements withinthe meaning of Article 20 of Regulation (EEC) No 2220/85 are fulfilledas regards the taking-over of the butter within the time limit laid down inthe first subparagraph of Article 23(1) of this Regulation.
3. The intervention agency shall sell the butter according to the date
when it was placed in storage, starting with the oldest of the totalavailable quantity or, as the case may be, the quantity available in the
store or stores designated by the purchaser.
Article 23
1. The purchaser shall take delivery of the butter within one month
from the date on which the sale contract was concluded.
Delivery may be taken in instalments of not less than five tonnes each.
However, where the quantity remaining in a storage depot is less than
five tonnes, that smaller quantity may be delivered.
2. Before taking delivery of each quantity of butter, the purchaser
shall pay the intervention agency the price corresponding to the quantity
being delivered.
3. Except in the event of force majeure , the sales contract shall be
terminated in respect of any quantities of which the purchaser has nottaken delivery within the period specified in paragraph 1.
4. The security provided for in Article 22(2) shall be forfeit in respect
of any quantities for which the contract of sale is terminated inaccordance with paragraph 3. It shall be released immediately in respectof quantities of which delivery is taken within the prescribed period.
5. In the event of force majeure , the intervention agency shall take
such action as it considers necessary having regard to the circumstances
invoked.
Article 24
Member States shall inform the Commission not later than Tuesday of
each week of the quantities of butter which, during the preceding week:
(a) have been the subject of a sale contract;
(b) have been taken over.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 11
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CHAPTERIII
Private storageofbutterorcream
SECTION 1
Contract and storage conditions
Article 25
For the purposes of this Chapter:
— ‘storage lot’ means a quantity weighing at least one tonne and of
homogeneous composition and quality, originating in a single
factory, taken into storage in a single warehouse on a single day;
— ‘day of commencement of contractualstorage’ means the day
following that of entry into store;
— ‘last day of contractual storage’ means the day preceding that of
removalfrom storage.
Article 26
Contracts relating to the private storage of butter or cream as referred to
in the fourth subparagraph of Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/
1999 shall be concluded between the intervention agency of the MemberState on whose territory the butter and cream are stored and naturalorlegal persons, hereinafter called ‘contractors’.
Article 27
1. A private storage contract may be concluded only for butter or
cream as referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 6(3) ofRegulation (EC) No 1255/1999.
Butter must have been produced in an undertaking approved in
accordance with Article 5(1)(a), (b) and (c) of this Regulation during
the 28 days preceding the day of commencement of contractualstorage.
It shall correspond to the national quality class of the Member State ofproduction referred to in Annex V and its radioactivity level shall notexceed the maximum permitted levels referred to in Article 4(2).
2. A storage contract may not be concluded for butter or cream:
(a) in respect of which an application for direct consumption aid has
been made under other Community provisions;
(b) which has been placed under the arrangements referred to in Article
5(1) of CouncilRegul ation (EEC) No 565/80 (
1); subsequent placing
under those arrangements shall be regarded as ending the contractualstorage period.
Article 28
1. Storage contracts shall be concluded in writing for one or more
storage lots and shall include, in particular, provisions concerning:
(a) the quantity of butter or cream to which the contract applies;
(b) the amount of the aid, without prejudice to Article 38;
(c) the dates relating to the execution of the contract, without prejudice
to the fifth subparagraph of Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No1255/1999;
(d) the identity of the cold stores.
2. The control measures, particularly those referred to in Article 33,
and the information referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article shall be thesubject of specifications drawn up by the intervention agency of theMember State of storage. The storage contract shall refer to thesespecifications.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 12
(1) OJ L 62, 7.3.1980, p. 5.
▼B
3. The specifications shall provide that the packaging of the butter is
to show at least the following particulars, which may be encoded, whereappropriate:
(a) the number identifying the factory and the Member State of
production;
(b) the date of production;
(c) the date of entry into storage;
(d) the number of the manufacturing batch;
(e) the word ‘salted’ in the case of butter as referred to in the third
indent of the first subparagraph of Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC)
No 1255/1999;
(f) the national quality class referred to in Annex V;
(g) the net weight.
Member States may waive the obligation to indicate the date of entry
into store on the packaging provided the store manager undertakes tokeep a register in which the particulars referred to in the firstsubparagraph are entered on the date of entry into store.
Article 29
1. Entry into store may take place only between 15 March and 15
August of the same year. Removal from store may take place only asfrom 16 August of the year of storage.
2. Removal from store shall be in whole storage lots or, if the
competent agency so authorises, in smaller quantities. However, in thecircumstances referred to in Article 33(2)(a) only a sealed quantity may
be removed from store.
Article 30
1. Applications to conclude a contract with the intervention agency
may relate only to lots of butter or cream which have been fully takeninto storage.
Applications must reach intervention agencies within no more than 30
days of the date of entry into store. Intervention agencies shall register
their date of receipt.
If the application reaches the intervention agency within 10 working
days following the deadline, the storage contract may still be concluded
but the aid shall be reduced by 30 %.
2. Storage contracts shall be concluded within no more than 30 days
of the date of registration of the application.
Article 31
Where the butter is stored in a Member State other than the Member
State of production, conclusion of the storage contract referred to in
Article 30 shall be subject to presentation of a certificate supplied by the
competent agency of the Member State of production within 50 days ofthe date of the butter's entry into storage.
The certificate shall contain the information specified in Article
28(3)(a), (b) and (d) and confirm that the product concerned is butterwithin the meaning of the first subparagraph of Article 6(3) ofRegulation (EC) No 1255/1999.
In the case referred to in the first paragraph, storage contracts shall be
concluded within no more than 60 days of the date of registration of theapplication.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 13
▼B
SECTION 2
Checks
Article 32
1. The Member State shall ensure that all the conditions for
entitlement to payment of the aid are fulfilled.
2. The contractor or, at the request of the Member State or with its
authorisation, the person responsible for the storage depot shall makeavailable to the competent agency responsible for inspection anydocumentation permitting verification of the following particulars of
products placed in private storage:
(a) the approvalnumber identifying the factory and the Member State of
production,
(b) the date of production;
(c) the date of entry into storage;
(d) the storage lot number;
(e) presence in the store and the address of the store;
(f) the date of removalfrom storage.
3. The contractor or, where applicable, the person responsible for the
store shall keep stock records available at the store for each contract,covering:
(a) the storage lot number of the products placed in private storage;
(b) the dates of entry into and removalfrom storage;
(c) the quantity of butter or cream, indicated per storage lot;
(d) the location of the products in the store.
4. Products stored must be easily identifiable, easily accessible and
identified individually by contract.
Article 33
1. On entry into storage the competent agency shall conduct checks
within the period beginning on the date of entry into the store andending 28 days after the date of registration of the application forconclusion of a contract referred to in Article 30.
To ensure that the products stored are eligible for aid, the checks shall be
made on a representative sample of at least 5 % of the quantities placedin storage to ensure that, as regards sufficiently inter alia , the weight,
identification and nature of the products, the storage lots in their entiretyphysically conform to the application for conclusion of a contract.
2. The competent agency shall:
(a) either seal the products by contract, storage lot or smaller quantity at
the time of the check provided for in paragraph 1;
(b) or make an unannounced check, by sampling, to ensure that the
products are present in the store. The sample concerned must be
representative and must correspond to at least 10 % of the totalquantity under contract for a private storage aid measure.
3. At the end of the contractualstorage period, the competent agency
shall, by sampling, verify weight and identification. However, where the
butter is still in storage after expiry of the maximum contractual storageperiod, that check may be made when the butter is removed fromstorage.
For the purposes of the check referred to in the first subparagraph, the
contractor shall inform the competent agency, indicating the storage lots
involved, at least five working days before:
(i) the end of the maximum contractualstorage period of 210 days, or
(ii) before the start of the removaloperations where products are
removed during or after the 210-day period.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 14
▼M1
▼M1
The Member State may accept a shorter time limit than five working
days.
4. A report shall be drawn up on the checks carried out pursuant to
paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, specifying:
(a) the date of the check;
(b) its duration;
(c) the operations carried out.
The report must be signed by the inspector responsible and counter-
signed by the contractor or, as the case may be, the person responsiblefor the store, and must be included in the payment dossier.
5. In the event of irregularities affecting at least 5 % of the quantities
of products checked, the check shall be extended to a larger sample to bedetermined by the competent agency.
The Member States shall notify such cases to the Commission within
four weeks.
SECTION 3
Storage aid
Article 34
1. Aid for private storage as provided for in the first subparagraph of
Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 may be granted only
where the contractualstorage period is between 90 and 210 days.
Where the contractor fails to comply with the time limit referred to in
Article 33(3), the aid shall be reduced by 15 % and shall be paid only in
respect of the period for which the contractor supplies satisfactory proof
to the competent agency that the butter or cream has remained incontractualstorage.
2. Without prejudice to Article 38, the Commission shall determine
each year in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 42 of
Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999, the amount of the aid referred to in the
third subparagraph of Article 6(3) of that Regulation for private storagecontracts commencing during the year in question.
3. The aid shall be paid on application by the contractor, at the end of
the contractualstorage period, within 120 days of receipt of the
application, provided that the checks referred to in Article 33(3) havebeen carried out and that the conditions for entitlement to the aid havebeen met.
However, if an administrative enquiry into entitlement to the aid is under
way, payment shall not be made until entitlement has been recognised.
4. After 60 days of contractualstorage a singl e advance payment of
the aid may be made at the contractor's request, provided he lodges a
security equal to the advance payment plus 10 %. This advance shall be
calculated on the basis of a storage period of 90 days. The security shallbe released as soon as the balance of the aid referred to in paragraph 3has been paid.
Article 35
1. Where, at the end of the first 60 days of contractualstorage, the
deterioration in the quality of the butter or cream is greater than isnormalin store, contractors may be authorised, once per storage l ot, toreplace the defective quantity, at their own expense, with an equalquantity of butter or cream as specified in the first subparagraph of
Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999.
If checks during storage or on removalrevealdefective quantities, no aid
may be paid for those quantities. In addition, the remainder of thestorage lot which is still eligible for aid may not be less than one tonne.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 15
▼B
▼B
The same rule shall apply where part of a lot is removed before 16
August or before expiry of the minimum storage period.
2. For the purpose of calculating the aid in the case referred to in the
first subparagraph of paragraph 1, the first day of contractualstorage
shall be the day of commencement of contractual storage.
Article 36
1. Aid for the storage of cream may be granted only for pasteurised
cream with a fat content of not less than 35 % and not more than 80 %.
2. For the purpose of calculating the aid, the quantities of cream shall
be converted into butter equivalent by reference to butter with a fat
content of 82 % by multiplying the fat content of the cream by 1,20.
3. The fat content specified in paragraph 1 shall be checked by a
laboratory approved by the competent agency before the cream isfrozen.
Article 37
1. Member States may permit contractors to undertake voluntarily,
for all storage lots under all contracts concluded during the current year,
to observe a single minimum fat content fixed in advance within thelimits specified in Article 36(1).
2. Where paragraph 1 is applied, the aid shall be granted on the basis
of the minimum fat content fixed in advance.
In such cases Member States shall check the fat content in accordance
with Article 36(3) by random sampling in the course of frequent
unannounced visits.
If such checks revealthat the fat content is l ower than the minimum
content fixed in advance, no aid shall be paid for the storage lots takeninto store since the last satisfactory check, and paragraph 1 shall nolonger apply to the contractor concerned for the rest of the contractual
storage period.
However, if the fat content is found to be less than 2 % lower than the
minimum content fixed in advance, the aid shall be paid on the basis ofthe fat content found, minus 10 %.
Article 38
1. If the market situation so requires, the amount of the aid, the
periods of entry into and removalfrom storage and the maximum l ength
of storage may be altered during the year in respect of contracts yet to beconcluded.
2. Where the maximum buying-in price fixed by invitation to tender
in accordance with Article 13(2), expressed in euro or, for the countriesnot participating in the single currency, in national currency, and
applying on the day of commencement of contractual storage, is higher
than that applying on the last day of contractual storage, the aiddetermined in accordance with Article 34(2) shall be increased by anamount equalto any reduction in the maximum buying-in price inexcess of 2 % of the price applying on the day of commencement ofcontractualstorage.
Should that price be lower than the price applying on the last day of
contractualstorage, the aid determined in accordance with Articl e 34(2)shall be reduced by an amount equal to any increase in the maximumbuying-in price in excess of 2 % of the price applying on the day ofcommencement of contractualstorage. However, the reduction in the aid
may not exceed the totalamount of the aid.
3. The aid adjustment referred to in paragraph 2 shall apply only if,
during the contractualstorage period, a maximum buying-in price hasbeen fixed in accordance with Article 13(2) and if, on the last day ofcontractualstorage, buying-in has commenced in more than eightMember States.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 16
▼B
If a maximum buying-in price has not been fixed in the 21 days
immediately preceding the start of the contractual storage period, themaximum buying-in price deemed to apply on the first day of
contractualstorage shal lbe equalto 90 % of the intervention price in
force.
CHAPTERIV
Transitionalandfinalprovision
Article 39
Regulations (EEC) Nos 2315/76, 1547/87, 1589/87 and (EC) No 454/95
are hereby repealed.
Regulation (EC) No 454/95 shall continue to apply to private storage
contracts concluded before 1 January 2000.
References to the repealed Regulations shall be construed as references
to this Regulation.
Article 40
The intervention price for butter applying from 1 January 2000 to 30
June 2000 shall be that fixed in Council Regulation (EC) No 1400/
1999 (1).
Article 41
This Regulation shall enter into force on 1 January 2000.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in
all Member States.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 17
(1) OJ L 164, 30.6.1999, p. 10.
▼B
ANNEX I
COMPOSITIONALREQUIREMENTS,QUALITYCHARACTERISTICSANDANALYTICAL
METHODS
Butter is a solid emulsion, mainly of the water-in-oil type, with the following compositional and quality
characteristics.
Parameters Content and quality characteristics Reference method
Fat Minimum 82 % (2)
Water Maximum 16 % (2)
Non-fat solids Maximum 2 % (2)
Free fatty acids (1) Maximum 1,2 mmole/100 g
fat(2)
Peroxide value Maximum 0,3 meq oxygen/
1 000 g fat(2)
Coliformes Not detectable in 1 g (2)
Non-milk fat Not detectable by triglyceride
analysis(2)
Tracers (1)
— sterols (2)
— vanillin (2)
— ethylester of carotenic
acid (2)
— triglycerides of enanthic
acid (2)Not detectable (2)
Other tracers (1) Not detectable Methods approved by competent
authority
Sensory characteristics At least four out of five points
for appearance, flavour and
consistency(2)
Water dispersion At least four points (2)
(1) Tracers approved under Regulations (EEC) No 3143/85 (OJ L 298, 12.11.1985, p. 9) and No 429/90 (OJ L 45,
21.2.1990, p. 8) and (EC) No 2571/97 (OJ L 350, 20.12.1997, p. 3).
(2) See Commission Regulation (EC) No 1854/96 (OJ L 246, 27.9.1996, p. 5), as last amended by Regulation (EC)
No 881/1999 (OJ L 111, 29.4.1999, p. 24), establishing a list of reference methods to be applied for the analysisand quality evaluation of milk and milk products under the common market organisation.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 18
▼B
ANNEX II
REFERENCEMETHODFORTHEDETECTIONOFFOREIGNFATSIN
MILK FAT BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF TRIGLY-
CERIDES—REVISION1
1.Scopeandfieldofapplication
This standard lays down a method for the detection of foreign fats, of
both vegetable fats and animal fats such as beef tallow and lard in milk
fat of milk products using gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides.
Using defined triglyceride formulae vegetable and animal fats are
qualitatively and quantitatively detected in pure milk fat irrespective of
feeding or lactation conditions.
Note 1: Although butyric acid (C4) occurring exclusively in milk fats
enables quantitative estimations of low to mean amounts of milk fat in
vegetable fats to be made, qualitative and quantitative information can
hardly be provided in the range of an addition of up to at least 20 %
(weight %) foreign fat to pure milk fat because of the large variation of
C4 ranging approximately between 3,5 to 4,5 % (weight %).
Note 2: Quantitative results can practically only be obtained by
trigylceride analyses, because the sterol content of the vegetable fats is
different as a function of production and treatment conditions.
2.Definition
Foreign fats in milk fat: foreign fats as defined in this standard are all
vegetable and animal fats except milk fat.
3.Principle ofthemethod
After extraction of the milk fat a stock solution is prepared.From this solution the triglycerides (total carbon numbers) are
determined gas chromatographically on packed columns. By inserting
the weight % of the fat molecules of different size (C24 — C54 — only
even numbers) in the triglyceride formula the foreign fats are either
qualitatively detected or quantitatively determined.
Note: Observing the evaluation described here capillary gas chromato-
graphy can be used, if it is guaranteed that comparable results are
achieved (
1).
4.Reagents
Analysis-grade chemicals must be used.
4.1. Carrier gas: nitrogen, purity degree ≥99,996 %.
4.2. Standard triglycerides (2), saturated as well as cholesterol for standar-
dizing a standard milk fat according to section 6.5.4.
4.3. Methanol, water-free.
4.4. n-Hexane
4.5. n-Heptane4.6. Toluene
4.7. Dimethylchlorosilane solution: 50 ml dimethylchlorosilane are dissolved
in 283 mltol uene.
4.8. Combustible gas: hydrogen and synthetic air
4.9. Stationary phase, 3-% OV-1 on 125/150 µm (100/120 mesh) Gas
ChromQ. (
3)
4.10. 10 % cocoa butter solution1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 19
(1) Suited methods have already been described, see D. Precht and J. Molkentin:
Quantitative triglyceride analysis using short capillary columns, Chrompack News 4,16-17 (1993).
(
2) Suitable products are commercially available.
(3) Trade names such as, e.g. Extrelut, Gas ChromQ, Chrompack are examples for suited
products available in the specialised trade. This information shall serve the purpose ofeasy handling of the standard by the user and does not represent a request of the product.The indication of grain was transferred to the SI-unit µm according to BS 410:1988
‘British Standard Specification for test sieves’.
▼B
5.Instruments
Normal laboratory apparatus and particularly the following:
5.1. High temperature gas chromatograph suited for temperatures of at least
400 — 450 ºC, equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and
constant mass flow controller for the carrier gas. Combustion gas: 30 ml/
min H2, 270 ml/min synthetic air.
Note: Because of the high temperatures occuring during triglyceride
analyses the glass inserts in the FID or in the injector system must be
frequently cleaned.
The gas chromatograph msut be equipped with septa, withstanding high
temperatures, which can be frequently used and exhibit generally a very
low degree of ‘bleeding’.
Note: Suited are Chromblue (tm) septa (Chrompack).
The septa must be exchanged at regular intervals, e.g. after roughly 100
injections or as soon as the resolution deteriorates (see figure 4).
5.2. Chromatography column
U-shaped glass column (inside diameter 2 mm, 500 mm in length),
which is first silanized according to section 6.1 with dimethylchlor-
osilane in order to deactivate the glass surface.
Note: Suited are also somewhat longer (80 — 200 mm in length) packed
columns. With them a slightly better reproducibility of the results can be
achieved. On the other hand, the stationary phase exhibits occasionally
fractures after operation, which may lead, in turn, to worse quantitative
results. Further, the FID flame is easily extinguised as a result of the
required extremely high carrier gas flow of 75 to 85 ml/min.
5.3. Arrangement for filling the column (see figure 1)
Figure1:Filling ofthecolumn
5.3.1. Plastic column with screwed-on end caps, provided with a mark up to
which the required quantity of stationary phase can be filled
5.3.2. Fine sieve (mesh size approximately 100 µm) with screw cap, suited for
sealing the glass column according to figure 1.
5.3.3. Deactivated, silanized glass wool1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 20
▼B
5.3.4. Vibrator for uniform distribution of the stationary phase during filling
5.4. 1 to 3 ml Extrelut column (1) with silica gel. This column can
alternatively be used for the extraction for obtaining milk fat.
5.5. Graphite seal6,4 mm (1/4 ″) with 6 mm bore
5.6. Devices for silanizing the glass surface of the column according to
section 6.1.
5.6.1 Woulff bottle
5.6.2. Water suction pump
5.7. Water bath, adjustable to (50 ± 2) ºC
5.8. Drying cabinet, adjustable to (50 ± 2) ºC and (100 ± 2) ºC5.9. Microlitre pipette
5.10. 5 mlgraduated pipette for dosing 1,5 mlmethanol
5.11. 50 mlround-bottomed fl ask5.12. Erlenmeyer flask, nominal volume 50 ml5.13. Funnel
5.14. Fine-pored filter
5.15. Rotary evaporator5.16. Ampoules, nominal volume 1 ml, sealable with an aluminium cap, with a
septum in the interior
5.17. Injection syringe, the plunger of the syringe used must not reach into the
tip of the needle.
Note: Such syringes allow a better reproductibility of the results to be
obtained.
In oder to avoid deterioration of the septum, the tip of the needle should
be checked at regular intervals (e.g. with a stereomicroscope).
6.Procedure
6.1. Preparation of the column (silanization)
After connecting the Woulff bottle, as shown in figure 2, with the water
suction pump tube 2 is dipped into the solution according to section 4.7.
By closing the stopcock the column is filled; subsequently the two tubes
are removed.
Figure 2:Arrangementforsilanisation
The column is fixed on a stand and completely filled with the
dimethyldichlorosilane solution by means of a pipette.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 21
(1) See footnote 3 on page 23.
▼B
After 20-30 min the Woulff bottle is replaced by a filter flask and the
column emptied by connecting it with the water suction pump (see figure
3).
6.2. Filling of the column
This is followed by successive rinsing using 75 ml toluene and 50 ml
methanol; then the emptied column is dried in the drying cabinet at
100 ºC for approximately 30 minutes.
Figure3:Arrangementforrinsing
For filling of the column the arrangement as represented in figure 1 is
used. The stationary phase according to 4.9 is filled into the plastic
column up to the mark. The lower end of the glass column to be filled is
sealed with an approximately 1 cm long plug of glass wool, which had
been silanized before, and which is pressed in using a steel rod. Then theend of the column is closed with the sieve according to section 5.3.2.
The column is filled under pressure (3 bar, with N
2) with the stationary
phase. To obtain a uniform, continuous and firm packing, a vibrator is
moved up and down the glass column during filling.
After filling a solid plug of silanized glass wool is pressed into the other
end of the packed column, the protruding ends are cut off and the plug
pressed into the column a few millimetres with a spatula.
6.3. Preparation of the samples
For sample preparation one of the three following methods is used:
6.3.1. Isolation of the milk fat from butter
5 to 10 g of butter is melted in a suitable vessel in a water bath according
to section 5.7 at 50 ºC.
A 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask and a funnel with inserted filter according to
section 5.14 are heated in the drying cabinet to 50 ºC. The fat layer of the
molten butter sample is filtered using the preheated device.
Such a milk fat is almost phospholipid-free.
6.3.2. Extraction of the fat fraction according to the Röse-Gottlieb method
Extraction is done either according to IDF Standard 1 C: 1987, 16C:
1987, 116A: 1987 or 22B: 1987.
With such a milk fat phospholipids allow a cholesterol peak to be
obtained which is increased by approximately 0,1 %.
The triglyceride spectrum standardized to 100 with the cholesterol is
thereby influenced only to a negligible extent.
6.3.3. Extraction from milk using silica gel columns
0,7 ml of a milk sample tempered to 20 ºC are applied to a 1 to 3 ml
Extrelut column with a microlitre pipette according to section 5.4 and
allowed to distribute uniformly on the silica gel for approximately five
minutes.
For denaturing the protein-lipid complexes 1,5 ml of methanol is added
by pipette. Subsequently the sample is extracted with 20 ml n-hexane.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 22
▼B
The n-hexane is slowly added in small amounts and the solvent draining
off collected in a 50 ml round-bottomed flask that had been dried to a
constant, known weight.
After extraction led the column drain until empty.From the eluate the solvents are distilled off on a rotatory evaporator at a
water bath temperature of 40 to 50 ºC.
The flask is dried and the fat yield determined by weighing.Note: Fat extractions according to Gerber, Weibull-Berntrop, Schmid-
Bondzynski-Ratzlaff or isolation of milk fat using detergents (BDI
method) are not suited for triglyceride analysis, because with these
methods more or less large quantities of partial glycerides or
phospholipids can pass into the fat phase.
6.4. Preparation of the sample solution
For gas chromatography a 5 % solution of the fat in n-heptane obtained
according to section 6.3 is used. For preparing this sample solution
corresponding amounts of the sample material obtained according to the
sections 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 are weighed and dissolved in corresponding
amounts of n-heptane.
With sample preparation according to section 6.3.3 the amount of n-
heptane to be added to the sample material in the flask is calculated on
the basis of weighing and the remainer dissolved in it.
Approximately 1 ml of the sample solution is filled into an ampule
according to section 5.16.
6.5. Chromatographic triglyceride determination
With the high temperatures of up to 350 ºC for eluting the long-chain
triglycerides C52-C56 an increase in baseline occurs easily, particularly
if the columns have not been adequately conditioned in the beginning.
This rise in baseline at high temperatures can be avoided completely by
either combining two columns or baseline subtraction.
With the compensating mode or operation with single columns, as well
as for the glass inserts in the injector and in the detector the graphite
seals according to section 5.5 have to be used.
6.5.1. Baseline correction
To avoid baseline rising one of the four methods is used:
6.5.1.1. Combination of columns
Two packed columns are used in compensating mode.
6.5.1.2. Baseline correction by the gas chromatograph
By application of a run by the gas chromatograph without injection of a
fat solution and subsequent subtraction of the stored baseline rising of
the baseline can be avoided.
6.5.1.3. Baseline correction by integration software
By application of a run by the integration system without injection of a
fat solution and subsequent subtraction of the stored baseline rising of
the baseline can be avoided.
6.5.1.4. Baseline correction by adequate conditioning
With adequate initial conditioning of the column and approximately 20
injections with milk fat solutions baseline rising at high temperatures is
frequently so low that baseline corrections are not necessary.
6.5.2. Injection technique
To avoid discrimination effects the ‘hot injection’ technique is applied to
achieve better quantitative results with the high-boiling triglyceride
components. Here, the fat solution is drawn up in the syringe and the
cold needle of the syringe warmed up prior to injection for
approximately three seconds in the injector head. Τhen, the syringe
content is rapidly injected.
Note: With this injection technique the risk of fractionation phenomena
inside the syringe or the injection block is reduced. ‘On-column’ direct
injection in the upper, extended heated part of the column is not applied,
because the fragments of the septum, which accumulate here, as well as
contaminations can be easily eliminated with the used technique by
regularly changing an injector insert without dismounting the column.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 23
▼B
Bending of the tip of the needle caused by touching the bottom of the
sample beaker (even if it is hardly visible to the eye) must be alsolutely
avoided in order not to damage the septum.
Figure 4:Triglyceride chromatogramofamilkfatsample
6.5.3. Conditioning of a packed column
During steps (a) to (c) the top of the column is not connected to the
detector to avoid contamination.
The columns filled according to section 6.2 are conditioned as follows:
(a) 15 min 40 ml/min N2-flow at 50 ºC;
(b) Heating with 1 K/min up to 355 ºC at 10 mlN2/min;
(c) Holding for 12 to 15 h at 355 ºC;
(d) two injections of 1 µlof the cocoa butter sol ution according to
section 4.10 and respective temperature program;
(e) 20 injections of 0,5 µm of a milk fat solution for two to three days
according to section 6.4.
Note: Cocoa butter consists almost exclusively of high-boiling C5O —
to C56 triglycerides. Injection with cocoa butter serves the purpose of
special conditioning in this long-chain range. With the high-boiling
triglycerides C50 to C54 partly response factors of up to approximately
1,20 may occur. Normally, with repeated injection of a milk fat solution
a reduction of the initially high response factors for C50 to C54 has to be
expected. With triglycerides with low acyl-c number the factors
approximate 1.Three pairs, respectively, of the columns filled according
to section 6.2 are prepared. The conditioned pairs are checked,
respectively, with a milk fat analysis for routine testing.
The pair with the best quantitative results (response factors almost 1) is
used in the following. With response factors > 1,20 the column is not
used.
6.5.4. Calibration
For calibration the response factors of the corresponding triglycerides, as
well as of cholesterol of a milk fat (standardized fat) should be
determined using the standardized triglycerides (at least the saturated
triglycerides C24, C30, C36, C42, C48 and C54, as well as cholesterol;
better still additionally C50 and C52). Intermediate response factors can
be found by mathematicalinterpol ation.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 24
▼B
Using the standardized fat two to three calibrations have to be performed
every day. If almost identical results are obtained, well reproducible
quantitative results are achieved with triglyceride analysis of the
samples.
The standardized milk fat has a stock life of several months at a storage
temperature of maximally -18 ºC and can, thus, be used as a standard.
6.5.5. Temperature programme, carrier gas and other conditions for triglyceride
analysis
Temperature programme: initial column temperature 210 ºC, hold for
one minute, then program at 6 ºC/min to 350 ºC and hold at final
temperature for five minutes.
Detector- and injector temperature: 370oC, respectively.
Note: Detector, injector, and oven temperatures (initialtemperature)
should be maintained at a constant level (also overnight, during
weekends and holidays).
Carrier gas: nitrogen, flow rate 40 ml/min.Note: If 80 cm columns are used, the flow must be at least 75 ml/min
N
2. The carrier gas flow must be constantly maintained (also overnight,
as well as during weekends and holidays). The exact carrier gas flow
should be adjusted in a manner that independent of column length C54 is
eluted at 341 ºC.
Duration of analysis: 29,3 minutes.
Injection volume: 0,5 µl.
Note: The syringe has to be rinsed severaltimes with pure heptane after
each injection.
FID conditions: according to section 5.1
Note: The flame ionization detector is ignited, respectively, at the
beginning of each working day.
7.Integration,evaluationandcontrolofthemeasuringconditions
Triglycerides with odd acyl-c number (2n + 1) are combined with the
preceding even-numbered triglyceride (2n). The less reproducible low
C56 contents are not taken into account. The remaining triglycerides
(peak area) in the chromatogram, including cholesterol (peak near to
C24) are multiplied by the respective response factors of the standard fat
(last calibration) and altogether normalized to 100. Besides free
cholesterol the triglycerides C24, C26, C28, C30, C32, C34, C36, C38,
C40, C42, C44, C46, C48, C50, C52 and C54 are, thus, evaluated.
Results are given in weight % (g/100 g).
Evaluation of the chromatogram peaks should be done with an integrator,
with which the baseline can be plotted. Reintegration with optimized
integration parameters should be possible.
Figures 5 and 6 demonstrate two examples of triglyceride chromato-
grams. Figure 5 shows a chromatogram which can be well evaluated,
whilst figure 6 represents a sporadic error in the C50 to C54 range, the
baseline running incorrectly compared with figure 5. Such typical errors
can be detected with a high degree of certainty and avoided only by use
of an integrator with which the baseline is plotted.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 25
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Figure 5: Easy-to-evaluate triglyceride chromatogram of a milk fat
withbaselinedrawnin
Figure6:Wronglyintegratedchromatogramofmilkfat
For controlling the measuring conditions Table 1 shows the mean values
and standard deviations (SD) of a typicalwinter mil k fat for the different
triglycerides from 19 analyses of the same fat:1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 26
▼B
Table1:TriglyceridecompositionofamilkfatMeanvaluesandSD
from19analyses
(g/100 g)
Triglyceride Mean SD
C24 0,04 0,004
C26 0,26 0,007
C28 0,66 0,020
C30 1,31 0,023
C32 2,92 0,030
C34 6,73 0,053
C36 12,12 0,030
C38 12,92 0,054
C40 9,70 0,019
C42 7,62 0,020
C44 7,35 0,025
C46 7,91 0,029
C48 9,09 0,048
C50 9,97 0,038
C52 7,76 0,042
C54 3,32 0,020
With SD deviating to a greater extent compared with the values in Table
1, the chromatograms are not tolerable any more and the septa or the gas
flow should be checked. Further, small components of the septum may
have formed deposits on the glass wool at the entrance of the column or
the column has become unsuited for use as a result of ageing,
temperature influences etc. (see figure 3).
8.Qualitativeforeignfatdetection
For the detection of foreign fats triglyceride formulae (Table 2) with
limits S (Table 3) have been developed, in which the S-values of pure
milk fats can fluctuate. If these limits are transgressed, the presence of a
foreign fat can be assumed.
The most sensitive formula for the detection of lard addition is, e.g.
6,5125·C26+1,2052·C32+1,7336·C34+1,7557·C36+
2,2325·C42+2,8006·C46+2,5432·C52+0,9892·C54=S(1)
Note: Using 755 different milk fat samples a 99 % confidence range of S
= 97,96 - 102,04 was established for pure milk fat samples with a
standard deviation for all S-values SD = 0,39897.
Starting from the triglyceride composition of an unknown fat sample
such a formula allows, without using a computer, to verify in a simple
manner whether the sum of the triglyceride contents stated here with the
corresponding factors falls outside the range of 97,96 - 102,04 and one
has most probably to do with foreign fat addition.
For detecting different foreign fats Table 2 shows different triglyceride
formulae. For the detection of the foreign fats soybean oil, sunflower oil,
olive oil, rape-seed oil, linseed oil, wheat germ oil, maize germ oil,
cotton seed oil, and hydrogenized fish oil, for the vegetable fats coconut-
and palm kernel fat, as well as for palm oil and beef tallow a common
formula can be used, respectively.
Since the triglyceride composition of the foreign fats is also subjected to
fluctuations, up to four different, experimentally measured foreign fat
triglyceride data of the same type were used. (With the same foreign fat
types the least favourable limit has been considered, respectively (see
Table 4)).1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 27
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With the following ‘Total formula’ similarly good results can be
obtained for all foreign fats:
- 2,7575 · C26 + 6,4077 · C28 + 5,5437 · C30 - 15,3247 · C32 + 6,2600 ·
C34 + 8,0108 · C40 - 5,0336 · C42 + 0,6356 · C44 + 6,0171 · C46 = S
Calculations for the detection of any foreign fat combination in milk fat
have shown that, e.g., although with the formula for lard given in Table 2
the limit for this foreign fat in low, namely 2,7 %, other fats such as
coconut fat, palm oil or palm kernel fat with detection limits of 26,8,
12,5 and 19,3 %, respectively, can, with this formula, only be detected if
extremely high amounts have been added to milk fat. This applies also to
other formulae in Table 2.
Table2: Triglyceride formulae for detecting variousforeign fatsin
milkfat,indicatingthestandarddeviationsSDforS
Formula for soybean, sunflower, olive, rape-seed, linseed, wheat germ, maize
germ, cotton seed and fish oil
2,0983 · C30 + 0,7288 · C34 + 0,6927 · C36 + 0,6353 · C38 + 3,7452 ·
C40 - 1,2929 C42 + 1,3544 · C44 + 1,7013 · C46 + 2,5283 · C50 = S; SD
= 0,38157
Formula for coconut and palm kernel fat
3,7453 · C32 + 1,1134 · C36 + 1,3648 · C38 + 2,1544 · C42 + 0,4273 ·
C44 + 0,5809 · C46 + 1,1226 · C48 + 1,0306 · C50 + 0,9953 · C52 +
1,2396 · C54 = S; SD = 0,11323
Formula for palm oil and beef tallow
3,6644 · C28 + 5,2297 · C30 - 12,5073 · C32 + 4,4285 · C34 - 0,2010 ·C36 + 1,2791 · C38 + 6,7433 · C40 - 4,2714 · C42 + 6,3739 · C46 = S;
SD = 0,81094
Formula for lard
6,5125 · C26 + 1,2052 · C32 + 1,7336 · C34 + 1,7557 · C36 + 2,2325 ·C42 + 2,8006 · C46 + 2,5432 · C52 + 0,9892 · C54 = S; SD = 0,39897
Therefore for checking an unknown fat sample all formulae given inTable 2 and the Total formula (2) must be used, if the sample is likely to
be a mixture of milk fat and one of the 14 different foreign fats or a
combination of these foreign fats. If, by inserting the triglyceride of a fat
sample to be analysed an S-value is obtained, which falls outside the
ranges of Table 3 of only one of the five formulae, then the sample is
most likely a modified milk fat. Detection of a foreign fat in milk fat by
means of one of the four formulae in Table 2 does not allow conclusions
to be drawn on the type of the foreign fat admixture.
Table3:S-Limitsformilkfats
Formula for detection of S-range
Soybean, sunflower, olive, rape-seed,
linseed, wheat germ, maize germ, cotton,
fish oil98,05 — 101,95
Coconut and palm kernel fat 99,42 — 100,58
Palm oil and beef tallow 95,90 — 104,10
Lard 97,96 — 102,04Totalformul a 95,68 — 104,32
In Table 4 the detection limits for the different foreign fats with a 99 %
confidence are given. The first column shows the minimal detection
limits for the best milk fat formulae in Table 2. In the second column the
detection limits for the total formula are given. Although the limits are1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 28
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some what higher, only this formula is necessary to detect a little bit
higher amounts of foreign fats. With all formulae also combinations of
the different foreign fats can be detected. The ranges of variation of the
triglycerides of different foreign fats of one type have no considerable
influence on the detection limits.
Table4:99% limits ofdetection byadditionofforeign fattomilk
fatin%
Individual formula Total formula
Soybean oil2,1 4,4
Sunflower oil 2,3 4,8
Olive oil 2,4 4,7
Coconut fat 3,5 4,3
Palm oil 4,4 4,7
Palm kernel fat 4,6 5,9
Rape-seed oil2,0 4,4
Linseed oil2,0 4,0
What germ oil2,7 6,4
Maize germ oil2,2 4,5
Cotton seed oil3,3 4,4
Lard 2,7 4,7
Beef tallow 5,2 5,4
Hydrogenised fish oil5,4 6,1
Note: The S-ranges are calculated in that way, that a foreign fat is only assumed, if
the limits of the individual formula are exceeded (see Table 4).
9.Quantitativeforeignfatdetermination
In order to obtain quantitative information on the foreign fat
concentration in a milk fat sample, the following formula is used
Xð%Þ¼100/C1j ð100 /C0SÞ=ð100 /C0SFÞj;ð3Þ
X being the quantity of an unknown foreign fat or foreign fat mixture in
an unknown milk fat. S results from addition of an unknown foreign fat
by inserting the triglycerides of the foreign fat/milk fat mixture in the
above total triglyceride formula. If an unknown foreign fat is added to
milk fat, the mean S-value of the different foreign fats for the Total
formula is chosen for SF; this mean S-value is obtained by inserting the
triglyceride data of the pure foreign fats in this formula and by
calculating a mean value (SF= 7,46). Good quantitative results
concerning any foreign fat additions are also obtained using the palm
oil/beef tallow formula (Table 2) and a mean SF-value of 10,57.
With known foreign fat types the following SF-values must be inserted in
the above formula and the respective foreign fat formula from Table 2
has to be chosen:
Table5:SF-valuesofvariousforeignfats
Foreign fat SF
Soybean oil8,18
Sunflower oil 9,43
Olive oil 12,75
Coconut fat 118,13
Palm oil 7,55
Palm kernel oil 112,32
Rape-seed oil3,30
Linseed oil4,44
Wheat germ oil27,451999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 29
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Foreign fat SF
Maize germ oil9,29
Cotton seed oil41,18
Lard 177,55
Beef tallow 17,56
Fish oil64,12
10.Rangeofapplicationofthedetectionmethod
The described method applies to bulk milks and is based on the
representativeness of the milk fat samples.
Highly specific detection would be possible, if, for a representative
number of milk fats, formulae as described above were derived for
different countries.
There could be particularly suited possibilities of detection obtained, if in
the different countries formulae, as have been described here, were set upof a representative number of milk fats. In this case, the use of complex
computer programmes is not required, if the triglyceride combinations
used in Table 2 are applied and the factors redetermined by using the
method of least squares.
By applying the S-ranges as shown in Table 3 the formulae are, under
particular feeding conditions as, for instance, underfeeding or feeding of
cows with feed yeast or Ca-soaps, generally applicable. Only in the case
of extreme feeding conditions (e.g. high uptake of pure feed oils, high
administration of Ca-soaps combined with feed fat etc.) the formulae
partly indicate a modified milk fat.
Note: Fractionated milk fats are generally recognized as unmodified
milk fat, if a modification is assumed only, when the limits are exceeded.
Only with fractionated milk fats with unusual milk fat composition, as it
is, e.g., the case with a hard fraction, obtained with fractionation by
physical methods at high temperatures of approximately 30 ºC with low
yields of a few percent or with fractionation with overcritical CO
2, the
formulae indicate a modification.
Milk fat fractionation may, however, be detected using other procedures
e.g. Differential-Scanning-Calorimetry.
11.Accuracyofthemethod
Determined using milk fat on the basis of the formulae from Table 2 and
the S-ranges in Table 3.
11.1. Repeatability
As difference of the S-values of two determinations carried out within
the shortest feasible time interval by one operator using the same
procedure and identicalsampl e materialunder the same conditions (same
person, same instruments/same device, same laboratory):
Table6:Repeatabilitylimits(r)forthedifferentformulae
Formula for detection of r
Soyabean, sunflower, olive, rape-seed, linseed,
wheat germ, maize germ, cotton, fish oil0,67
Coconut and palm kernel fat 0,12
Palm oil and beef tallow 1,20
Lard 0,58
Totalformul a 1,49
11.2. Reproducibility
As difference of the S-values of two determinations carried out by
operators in different laboratories, according to the same procedure using
identicalsampl e materialunder different conditions (different person,
different instruments) at different times.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 30
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Table7:Reproducibilitylimits(R)forthedifferentformulae
Formula for detection of R
Soybean, sunflower, olive, rape-seed, linseed,
wheat germ, maize germ, cotton, fish oil1,08
Coconut and palm kernel fat 0,40
Palm oil and beef tallow 1,81
Lard 0,60
Totalformul a 2,07
11.3. Criticaldifference
With the repeatability (r) and the reproducibility limits (R) the critical
differences for all S-ranges of Table 3 can be calculated (duplicate
analyses). The respective values are given in Table 8.
Table8:Criticaldifferencesforalltriglyceride formulae
Formula for detection of range
Soybean, sunflower, olive, rape-seed, linseed,
wheat germ, maize germ, cotton, fish oil97,43 — 102,57
Coconut and palm kernel fat 99,14 — 100,86
Palm oil and beef tallow 94,91 — 105,09
Lard 97,65 — 102,35
Totalformul a 94,58 — 105,42
11.4. Acceptability of results
All calibrated with two rounded decimals calculated triglyceride contents
of C24, C26, C28 to C54 as well as cholesterol must be exactly
normalized to 100.
The results of the duplicate analysis is used as a check on the
repeatability. If the absolute difference between the two S-results for all
five triglyceride formulae do not transgress the repeatability limits r in
Table 6, then the repeatability requirement is met.
For control of optimal gas chromatographic conditions and especially of
the quality of the column it should be guaranteed that with 10 repetition
runs the difference of the maximum and minimum S-values of all five
triglyceride formulae do not transgress the range x · r, with x = 1,58 (for
10 runs, see literature (16)), and the repeatability limits r for the different
formulae in Table 6.
12.Quotedstandards
DIN 10 336: 1994 Nachweis and Bestimmung von Fremdfetten
in Milchfett anhand einer gaschromatogra-
phischen Triglyceridanalyse
IDF Standard 1 C:
1987Milk. Determination of Fat Content — Röse
Gottlieb Gravimetric Method
IDF Standard 16C:
1987Cream. Determination of Fat Content — Röse
Gottlieb Gravimetric Method
IDF Standard 116A:
1987Milk-Based Edible Ices and Ice Mixes.
Determination of Fat Content — Röse Gottlieb
Gravimetric Method
IDF Standard 22B:
1987Skimmed Milk, Whey & Buttermilk. Deter-
mination of Fat Content — Röse Gottlieb
Gravimetric Method.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 31
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13.References
1. Commission of the European Communities: Detectionofforeignfats
in milk fat by means of gas chromatographic triglyceride analysis ,
Doc. No VI/5202/90-EN, VI/2645/91.
2. Commission of the European Communities: Control of butter fat
purity of 100 different samples of different feeding periods from 11
EEC countries ; Doc. No VI/4577/93.
3. Commission of the European Communities: Considerationofresults
fromthefirst,second,third,fourth,fifthandsixthEECcollaborative
trial: Determination of triglycerides in milk fat ; Doc. No VI/2644/
91, VI/8.11.91, VI/1919/92, VI/3842/92, VI/5317/92, VI/4604/93.
4. Timms, R. E.: Detection and quantification of non-milk fat in
mixtures of milk and non-milk fats . Dairy Research 47 295-303
(1980).
5. Precht, D., Heine, K.: NachweisvonmodifiziertemMilchfettmitder
Triglyceridanalyse.2.FremdfettnachweisimMilchfettmitHilfevon
Triglyceridkombinationen , 41 406-410 (1986).
6. Luf, W., Stock, A., Brandl, E.: Zum Nachweis von Fremdfett in
Milchfett über die Trigylceridanalyse . Österr. Milchwirtsch.
Wissensch. Beilage 5, 42 29-35 (1987).
7. Precht, D.: Bestimmung von pflanzlichen Fetten oder tierischen
Depotfetten in Milchfett . Kieler Milchwirtsch. Forschungsber.
42 143-157 (1989).
8. Precht, D.: Schnelle Extraktion von Milchfett, Kieler Milchwirtsch .
Forschungsber. 42 119-128 (1990).
9. Precht, D.: Schnelle gaschromatographischeTriglyceridanalyse von
Milchfett . Kieler Milchwirtsch. Forschungsber. 42 139-154 (1900).
10. Precht, D.: Control of milk fat purity by gas chromatographic
triglyceride analysis . Kieler Milchwirtsch. Forschungsber. 43 (3)
219-242 (1991).
11. Precht, D.: Detection of adulterated milk fat by fatty acid and
triglyceride analysis . Fat Sci. Technol. 93 538-544 (1991).
12. Precht, D.: Detection for foreign fat in milk fat. I. Qualitative
detection by triacylglycerol formulae. II. Quantitative evaluation of
foreign fat mixtures . Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 194 1-8, 107-114
(1992).
13. Precht, D.: Gaschromatographyoftriacylglycerols andotherlipids
onpackedcolumns in CRC Handbook of Chromatography: Analysis
of lipids, p. 123-138, Ed. K.D. Mukherjee, N. Weber, J. Sherma,
CRC Press, Boca Raton (1993).
14. Precht, D., Molkentin, J.: Quantitative triglyceride analysis using
short capillary columns , Chrompack News 4 16-17 (1993).
15. Molkentin, J., Precht, D.: Comparison of packed and capillary
columnsforquantitativegaschromatographyoftriglyceridesinmilk
fat. Chromatographia 39 (5/6) 265-270 (1994).
16. Stange, K.: Angewandte Statistik, Erster Teil, Eindimensionale
Probleme , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, P. 378 (1970).1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 32
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ANNEX III
SENSORYEVALUATIONOFBUTTER
1.Scope
The purpose of this procedure for sensory evaluation of butter is to provide a
uniform method applicable in all Member States.
2.Definitions
Sensoryevaluation (assessment) means the examination of the attributes of a
product by the sense organs.
Panel means a group of selected assessors working, during the assessment,
without intercommunication, and without influencing one another.
Scoring means sensory evaluation by a panel, using a numerical scale. A
nomenclature of defects must be used.
Grading means a quality classification which is performed on the basis of
scoring.
Controldocuments : documents used to record the individualscores for each
attribute and the finalgrade of the product. (This document may al so be used
to record chemicalcomposition.)
3.Testroom
3.1. Precautions must be taken in order that the assessors in the test room are not
influenced by external factors.
3.2. The test room must be free from foreign odours and easy to clean. The walls
must be of a light colour.
3.3. The test room and its lighting must be such that the properties of the
products to be scored are not affected. The room must be equipped with
appropriate temperature control.
4.Selection ofassessors
The assessor must be familiar with butter products and be competent to carry
out sensory grading. His competence should be assessed on a regular basis
(at least once a year) by the competent authority.
5.Requirementsforthepanel
The number of assessors in the panelshoul d be uneven, the minimum
number being three. The majority must be employees of the competent
authority or authorized persons not employed by the dairy industry.
6.Assessmentofthevalueofeachattribute
6.1. The sensory evaluation is to be carried out in relation to the following three
attributes: appearance, consistency and flavour.
Appearance involves the following features: colour, visible purity, mould
growth and water dispersion. Water dispersion is tested according to IDF-
Standard 112A/1989.
Consistency involves the following features: firmness and spreadability.
Physcial methods may be applied for the evaluation of butter consistency.
The Commission envisages the future harmonization of these methods.
Flavour involves the following features: taste and odour.
A significant deviation from the recommended temperature prevents a
reliable evaluation of consistency and flavour. The temperature is of
paramount importance.
6.2. Each attribute has to be sensory evaluated separately. The scoring has to be
done according to table 1.
6.3. It may be desirable for the assessors to score together, before starting the
assessment, one or more reference samples for appearance, consistency and
flavour, in order to achieve uniformity.
6.4. Scoring for acceptance is as follows:1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 33
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Maximum Required
Appearance 5 4
Consistency 5 4
Flavour 5 4
Where the required score is not obtained, a description of the defect has to be
given. The score given by each assessor for each attribute must be recorded
in the controldocument. The product is accepted or rejected on the basis of a
majority decision. Cases where differences between the individualscoring
for each attribute are wider than adjacent points should not occur frequently
(not more than once per 20 samples). Otherwise the competence of the panel
should be checked by the panel leader.
7.Supervision
A panel leader who must be an official employee of the competent authority
and may be a member of the panel must be generally responsible for the
entire procedure. He must record the individualscores for each attribute in
the controldocument and certify whether the product is accepted or rejected.
8.Samplingandpreparationofthesample
8.1. — It is desirable that the identity of the samples are concealed during the
assessment so that any possible bias is avoided.
— This should be organized by the panel leader prior to the evaluation
without the presence of the other panelmembers.
8.2. When the sensory evaluation is carried out at the cold store, the sample is
taken using a butter trier. If the sensory evaluation is carried out at another
location other than the cold store, then at least a 500 g sample should be
taken.
8.3. During the evaluation, the butter should have the temperature 10 to 12 ºC.
Large deviations should be avoided at all cost.
9.Nomenclature
Refer to the appended table 2.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 34
▼B
Table1:Butterscoring
Appearance
Points No (1) Remarks
5 Very good
idealtype highest qual ity (equaldry)
4 Good (2)
No evident defects
3 Fair (slight defects)
1 loose (free), moisture
2 not uniform, two coloured
3 streaky
4 mottled, marbled
5 speckled
6 oilseparation
7 overcoloured
8 weak, open texture
2 Poor (evident defects)
1 loose (free) moisture
3 streaky
4 mottled, marbled
5 speckled
6 oilseparation
10 foreign matter
11 mouldy
12 undissolved salt
1 Very poor (strong defects)
1 loose (free) moisture
3 streaky
4 mottled, marbled,
5 speckled
6 oilseparation
7 overcoloured
9 granular
10 foreign matter
11 mouldy
12 undissolved salt1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 35
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Consistency
Points
(quality class)No (1) Remarks
5 Very good
ideal type highest quality (well spreadable)
4 Good (2)
17 hard
18 soft
3 Fair (slight defects)
14 short, brittle, crumbly
15 pasty, doughy, greasy
16 sticky
17 hard
18 soft
2 Poor (evident defects)
14 short, brittle, crumbly
15 pasty, doughy, greasy
16 sticky
17 hard
18 soft
1 Very poor (strong defects)
14 short, brittle, crumbly
15 pasty, doughy, greasy
16 sticky17 hard
18 soft
Flavour + aroma
Points
(quality class)No (1) Remarks
5 Very good
ideal type highest quality (absolutely pure
finest aroma)
4 Good (2)
No evident defects
3 Fair (sligh defects)
21 unclear
22 foreign flavour
25 acid
27 cooked flavour, scorched flavour
33 feed flavour
34 coarse, bitter
35 oversalted1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 36
▼B
Flavour + aroma
Points
(quality class)No (1) Remarks
2 Poor (evident defects)
21 unclean
22 foreign flavour
23 stale
25 acid
32 oxidized flavour, metallic flavour
33 feed flavour
34 coarse, bitter35 oversalted
36 musty-flat, putrid
38 chemicalfl avour
1 Very poor (strong defects)
22 foreign flavour
24 cheesy, lactic cheese flavour
25 acid
26 yeasty
28 mouldy flavour29 rancid
30 oily, fishy
31 tallowy
32 oxidized flavour, metallic flavour
34 coarse, bitter
36 musty-flat, putrid
37 malty
38 chemicalfl avour
(1) Table 2.
(2) The defects mentioned under ‘good’ are only very small deviations from the ideal
type.
Table2:Tableofbutterdefects
I. Appearance
1. loose (free), moisture
2. not uniform, two coloured3. streaky4. mottled, marbled5. speckled
6. oilseparation
7. overcoloured8. weak (open texture)9. granular
10. foreign matter11. mouldy
12. undissolved salt1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 37
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II. Consistency
14. short, brittle, crumbly
15. pasty, doughy, greasy16. sticky
17. hard
18. soft
III. Flavour & Aroma
20. without flavour
21. unclean (
1)
22. foreign flavour23. stale
24. cheesy, lactic cheese flavour
25. acid26. yeasty
27. a) cooked flavour
b) scorched flavour
28. mouldy flavour29. rancid
30. oily, fishy
31. tallowy32. a) oxidized flavour
b) metallic flavour
33. feed flavour
34. coarse, bitter
35. oversalted36. musty-flat, putrid
37. malty
38. chemicalfl avour1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 38
(1) This designation should be used as seldom as possible and only when the defect cannot
be described more accurately.
▼B
ANNEX IV
SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
ANDSENSORYEVALUATION
1. Chemical and microbiological analysis
Quantity of butter
(kg)Minimum number of samples (> 100 g)
≤1 000 2
> 1 000 ≤5 000 3
> 5 000 ≤10 000 4
> 10 000 ≤15 000 5
> 15 000 ≤20 000 6
> 20 000 ≤25 000 7
> 25 000 7 + 1 per 25 000 kg or part thereof
Sampling for microbiological analysis must be carried out aseptically.
Up to five samples of 100 g may be combined into one sample for analysis
after thorough mixing.
The samples must be taken randomly from different parts of the offered
quantity and tested before or at the time of entry into the cold store designated
by the intervention agency.
Preparation of composite butter sample (chemical analysis):
(a) using a clean, dry butter trier or similar suitable instrument, extract a core
of butter of at least 30 g and place in a sample container. The composite
sample must then be sealed and forwarded to the laboratory for analysis;
(b) at the laboratory the composite sample is to be warmed in the original
unopened container to 30 ºC and shaken frequently until a homogeneous
fluid emulsion free of unsoftened pieces is obtained. The container should
be one half to two thirds full.
Two samples per year per producer offering butter for intervention must be
analysed for non-milk fat and one sample for tracers.
2. Sensory evaluation
Quantity of butter
(kg)Minimum number of samples
1 000≤5 000 2
> 5 000 ≤25 000 3
> 25 000 3 + 1 per 25 000 kg or part thereof
The samples are to be taken randomly from different parts of the offered
quantity between the 30th and the 45th day following take-over of the butter
and graded.
Each sample must be assessed individually in accordance with Annex III. No
resampling or re-evaluation is allowed.
3. Guidelines to be followed where samples show defects:
(a) chemical and microbiological analysis:
— where individual samples are analysed, one sample showing a single
defect out of five to 10 samples or two samples each showing a single
defect out of 11 to 15 samples may be allowed. Where a sample shows
a defect, two new samples must be taken from either side of the
sample showing the defect and checked for the parameter in question.
Where neither sample meets the specification, the quantity of butter1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 39
▼B
between the original two samples on either side of the sample showing
the defect must be rejected from the quantity offered.
Quantity to be rejected where the new sample shows a defect:
— where composite samples are analysed and found to show defects in
respect of one parameter, the quantity represented by the composite
sample concerned is to be rejected from the quantity offered. The
quantity represented by one composite sample may be determined by
subdividing the quantity offered before samples are taken randomly
from each part thereof;
(b) sensory evaluation:
where a sample fails the sensory evaluation, the quantity of butter between
two neighbouring samples on either side of the sample failing is to be
rejected from the quantity offered;
(c) where samples show a sensory defect and either a chemical or a
microbiological defect, the whole quantity is to be rejected.1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 40
▼B
ANNEX V
NATIONALQUALITYCLASS
— ‘beurre de laiterie; qualité extra; melkerijboter, extra kwaliteit’ as regards
Belgian butter,
— ‘smør of første kvalitet’ as regards Danish butter,
— ‘Markenbutter’ as regards German butter,— ‘pasteurisé A’ as regards French butter,— ‘Irish creamery butter’ as regards Irish butter,
— ‘produced exclusively from cream which has been subjected to centrifugal
and pasteurizing treatment’ as regards Italian butter,
— ‘Marque Rose’ or ‘Beurre de première qualité’ as regards Luxembourg butter,— ‘Extra kwaliteit’ as regards Dutch butter,— ‘Extra selected’ as regards Great Britain butter and ‘premium’ as regards
Northern Ireland butter,
— ‘produced exclusively from cream which has been subjected to centrifugal
and pasteurizing treatment’ as regards Greek butter,
— ‘produced exclusively from pasteurized cow's milk or cream’ as regards
Spanish butter,
— ‘produced exclusively from pasteurized cow's milk or cream’ as regards
Portuguese butter,
— ‘Teebutter’ as regards Austrian butter,— ‘perinteinen meijerivoi — traditionellt mejerismör’ as regards Finnish butter,
— ‘svenskt smör’ as regards Swedish butter,1999R2771 — EN — 07.10.2000 — 002.001 — 41
▼C1
▼B
▼C1