1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of25June1987
ontheharmonizationofthelawsoftheMember Statesrelatingtosimplepressurevessels
(87/404/EEC)
(OJ L 220, 8.8.1987, p. 48)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Council Directive 90/488/EEC of 17 September 1990 L 270 25 2.10.1990
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of25June1987
on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to
simplepressurevessels
(87/404/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(3),
Whereas Member States have the responsibility of ensuring the safety
on their territory of persons, domestic animals and property with regardto the hazards resulting from the leakage or bursting of simple pressurevessels;
Whereas, in each Member State, mandatory provisions define in parti-
cular the safety level required of simple pressure vessels by specifyingdesign and operating characteristics, conditions of installation and use
and inspection procedures before and after placing on the market;
whereas these mandatory provisions do not necessarily lead to differentsafety levels from one Member State to another but do, by theirdisparity, hinder trade within the Community;
Whereas the national provisions ensuring such safety must be harmo-
nized in order to guarantee the free movement of simple pressure
vessels without lowering existing and justified levels of protection in
the Member States;
Whereas Community legislation as it stands at present provides that,
notwithstanding one of the fundamental rules of the Community,namely the free movement of goods, barriers to intra-Communitymovement resulting from disparities in national laws on the marketingof products have to be accepted in so far as those provisions may be
recognized as necessary to satisfy essential requirements; whereas the
harmonization of laws in the present case must therefore be confinedto those provisions needed to satisfy the essential safety requirementsfor simple pressure vessels; whereas, because they are essential, theserequirements must replace the corresponding national provisions;
Whereas this Directive therefore contains only mandatory and essential
requirements; whereas, to facilitate proof of conformity with the essen-
tial requirements, it is necessary to have harmonized standards atEuropean level in particular as to the design, operation and installationof simple pressure vessels so that products complying with them maybe assumed to conform to the safety requirements; whereas these stan-dardsharmonized at European level are drawn up by private bodiesand
must remain non-mandatory texts; whereas for that purpose the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the EuropeanCommittee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) are recog-nized asthe competent bodiesfor the adoption of harmonized s tandardsin accordance with the general guidelinesfor cooperation between the
Commission and those two bodies signed on 13 November 1984;
whereas, for the purposes of this Directive, a harmonized standard is atechnical specification (European standard or harmonization document)adopted by one or both of those bodies upon a remit from the Commis-sion in accordance with the provisions of Council Directive 83/189/EEC of 28 March 1983 laying down a procedure for the provision of1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 89, 15. 4. 1986, p. 2.
(2) OJ No C 190, 20. 7. 1987.
(3) OJ No C 328, 22. 12. 1986, p. 20.
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information in the field of technical standards and regulations(1) and
the abovementioned general guidelines;
Whereasa check on compliance with the relevant technical require-
ments is necessary to provide effective protection for users and thirdparties; whereas the existing inspection procedures differ from oneMember State to another; whereas, in order to avoid multiple inspec-tions, which are in effect barriers to the free movement of vessels,arrangements should be made for the mutual recognition of inspection
procedures by the Member States; whereas, in order to facilitate the
mutual recognition of inspection procedures, harmonized Communityprocedures should be set up and the criteria for appointing the bodiesresponsible for carrying out tests, surveillance and verification shouldbe harmonized;
Whereas the presence on a simple pressure vessel of the EC mark indi-
cates that it satisfies the provisions of this Directive and thereforemakes it unnecessary, on import and placing into service of the vessel,to repeat the inspections already carried out; whereas neverthelesssimple pressure vessels might represent a safety hazard; whereas provi-sion should therefore be made for a procedure to reduce this hazard,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
CHAPTER I
Scope,placingonthemarketandfree movement
Article 1
1. This Directive applies to simple pressure vessels manufactured in
series.
2. For the purposes of this Directive, ‘simple pressure vessel’ means
any welded vessel subjected to an internal gauge pressure greater than0,5 bar which isintended to contain air or nitrogen and which isnotintended to be fired.
Moreover,
— the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel
under pressure shall be made either of non-alloy quality steel or ofnon-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys,
— the vessel shall be made of:
— either a cylindrical part of circular cross-section closed by
outwardly dished and/or flat ends which revolve around thesame axis as the cylindrical part,
— or two dished ends revolving around the same axis,
— the maximum working pressure of the vessel shall not exceed 30 bar
and the product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel
(PS.V) shall not exceed 10 000 bar/litre,
— the minimum working temperature must be no lower than − 50 ºC
and the maximum working temperature shall not be higher than300 ºC for steel and 100 ºC for aluminium or aluminium alloyvessels.
3. The following vessels shall be excluded from the scope of the
Directive:
— vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, failure of which may
cause an emission of radioactivity,
— vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of
ships and aircraft,
— fire extinguishers.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 3
(1) OJ No L 109, 26. 4. 1983, p. 8.
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Article 2
1. Member States shall take all necessary steps to ensure that the
vessels referred to in Article 1, hereinafter referred to as ‘vessels’,may be placed on the market and taken into service only if they donot compromise the safety of persons, domestic animals or property
when properly installed and maintained and when used for the purposes
for which they are intended.
2. The provisions of this Directive do not affect the right of Member
States to specify — with due observance of the Treaty — the require-ments they deem necessary to ensure that workers are protected whenusing vessels, provided it does not mean the vessels are modified in away unspecified in this Directive.
Article 3
1. Vessels in respect of which the product of PS and V exceeds
50 bar/litre must satisfy the essential safety requirements set out inAnnex I.
2. Vessels in respect of which the product of PS and V is 50 bar/
litre or less must be manufactured in accordance with sound engi-neering practice in one of the Member Statesand bear markingsaslaid down in section 1 of Annex II, with the exception of the ECmark referred to in Article 16.
Article 4
Member Statess hall not impede the placing on the market and the
taking into service in their territory of vessels which satisfy the require-mentsof thisDirective.
Article 5
1. Member States shall presume compliance with the essential safety
requirements referred to in Article 3 in respect of vessels bearing the
EC mark denoting conformity with the relevant national standardsincorporating the harmonized standards whose reference numbers havebeen published in the Official Journal of the European Communities .
Member States shall publish the reference numbers of such national
standards.
2. Member States shall presume that vessels in respect of which the
manufacturer hasnot applied, or hasapplied only in part, the s tandards
referred to in paragraph 1, or for which no such standards exist, complywith the essential requirements referred to in Article 3 where, afterreceipt of an EEC type-examination certificate, their conformity withthe approved model hasbeen certified by the affixation of the ECmark.
Article 6
1. Where a Member State or the Commission considers that the
harmonized standards referred to in Article 5 (1) do not entirely meetthe essential requirements referred to in Article 3, the Commission orthe Member State concerned shall bring the matter before the StandingCommittee set up under Directive 83/189/EEC, hereinafter referred to
as ‘the committee’, giving the reasons therefor. The committee shall
deliver an opinion without delay. In the light of the committee'sopinion, the Commission shall inform the Member States whether ornot it is necessary to withdraw those standards from the publicationsreferred to in Article 5 (1).
Article 7
1. Where a Member State finds that vessels bearing the EC mark
and used in accordance with their intended purpose might compromisethe safety of persons, domestic animals or property, it shall take allappropriate measures to withdraw those products from the market orto prohibit or restrict their being placed on the market.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 4
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The Member State concerned shall immediately inform the Commis-
sion of any such measure, indicating the reasons for its decision, andin particular whether non-conformity isdue to:
(a) failure to meet the essential requirements referred to in Article 3,
where the vessel does not meet the standards referred to in Article
5 (1);
(b) incorrect application of the standards referred to in Article 5 (1);
(c) shortcomings in the standards referred to in Article 5 (1) them-
selves.
2. The Commission shall enter into consultation with the parties
concerned as soon as possible. Where, after such consultation, the
Commission finds that any measure as referred to in paragraph 1 is
justified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State that tookthe action and the other Member States. Where the decision referredto in paragraph 1 is attributed to shortcomings in the standards, theCommission, after consulting the parties concerned, shall bring thematter before the Committee within two monthsif the Member State
which has taken the measures intends to maintain them and shall
initiate the proceduresreferred to in Article 6.
3. Where a vessel which does not comply bears the EC mark, the
competent Member State shall take appropriate action against whomso-ever has affixed the mark and shall inform the Commission and theother Member Statesthereof.
4. The Commission shall ensure that the Member States are kept
informed of the progress and outcome of this procedure.
CHAPTER II
Certification procedures
Article 8
1. Prior to production of pressure vessels of which the product of PS
and V exceeds50 bar/litre, manufactured:
(a) in accordance with the standards referred to in Article 5 (1), the
manufacturer, or his authorized representative established withinthe Community, shall at his own choice:
— either inform an approved inspection body as referred to in
Article 9, which after examining the design and manufacturing
schedule referred to in Annex II 3, shall draw up a certificate of
adequacy attesting that the schedule is satisfactory, or
— submit a prototype vessel for the EC type-examination referred
to in Article 10;
(b) not, or only partly, in accordance with the standards referred to in
Article 5 (1), the manufacturer, or hisauthorized repres entativeestablished within the Community, must submit a prototype vesselfor the EC type-examination referred to in Article 10.
2. Vessels manufactured in accordance with the standards referred to
in Article 5 (1) or with the approved prototype shall, prior to their
being placed on the market, be subject:
(a) to the EC verification referred to in Article 11 where the product of
PS and V exceeds3 000 bar/litre;
(b) at the choice of the manufacturer, where the product of PS and V
doesnot exceed 3 000 bar/litre but exceeds50 bar/litre:
— either to the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Article
12, or
— to the EC verification referred to in Article 11.
3. The recordsand corres pondence relating to the certification
proceduresreferred to in paragraphs1 and 2 s hall be drafted in an offi-cial language of the Member State in which the approved body isestablished or in a language accepted by that body.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 5
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Article 9
1. Each Member State shall notify the Commission and the other
Member States of the approved bodies responsible for carrying out the
certification proceduresreferred to in Article 8 (1) and (2). The
Commission shall publish a list of these bodies and the distinguishingnumber it has allotted them, for information purposes, in the Official
Journal of the European Communities and shall ensure that the list is
kept up to date.
2. Annex III sets out the minimum criteria which Member States
must meet as regards approval of these bodies.
3. A Member State which hasapproved a body mus t withdraw
approval if it findsthat the body no longer meetsthe criteria lis ted inAnnex III. It shall immediately inform the Commission and the otherMember Statesaccordingly.
ECtype-examination
Article 10
1. EC type-examination isthe procedure by which an approved
inspection body ascertains and certifies that a prototype vessel satisfiesthe provisions of this Directive which apply to it.
2. The application for EC type-examination shall be lodged by the
manufacturer or by his authorized representative with a single approved
inspection body in respect of a prototype vessel or of a prototype repre-
senting a family of vessels. That authorized representative must beestablished in the Community.
The application shall include:
— the name and address of the manufacturer or of his authorized
representative and the place of manufacture of the vessels,
— the design and manufacturing schedule referred to in Annex II 3.
It shall be accompanied by a vessel which is representative of the
production envisaged.
3. The approved body shall carry out the EC type-examination in
the manner described below.
It shall examine not only the design and manufacturing schedule in
order to check its conformity, but also the vessel submitted.
When examining the vessel, the body shall:
(a) verify that the vessel has been manufactured in conformity with the
design and manufacturing schedule and may safely be used under
itsintended working conditions ;
(b) perform appropriate examinations and tests to check that the vessel
complies with the essential requirements applicable to it.
4. If the prototype complieswith the provis ionsapplicable to it the
body shall draw up an EC type-examination certificate which shall be
forwarded to the applicant. That certificate shall state the conclusions
of the examination, indicate any conditions to which its issue may besubject and be accompanied by the descriptions and drawings necessaryfor identification of the approved prototype.
The Commission, the other approved bodies and the other Member
States may obtain a copy of the certificate and, on a reasoned request,a copy of the design and manufacturing schedule and the reports on the
examinationsand tes tscarried out.
5. A body which refuses to issue an EC type-examination certificate
shall so inform the other approved bodies. A body which withdraws anEC type-examination certificate shall so inform the Member Statewhich approved it. The latter shall inform the other Member Statesand the Commission thereof, giving the reasons for the decision.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 6
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ECverification
Article 11
1. The purpose of EC verification is to check and certify that series-
manufactured vessels comply with the standards referred to in Article 5
(1) or with the approved prototype. It shall be performed by anapproved inspection body in accordance with the provisions set outbelow. That body shall issue an EC verification certificate and affixthe mark of conformity provided for in Article 16.
2. Verification shall be performed on the batches of vessels
submitted by their manufacturer or by his authorized representativeestablished within the Community. Batches shall be accompanied bythe EC type-examination certificate referred to in Article 10, or, if thevessels are not manufactured in accordance with an approved proto-
type, by the design and manufacturing schedule referred to in Annex
II section 3. In the latter case the approved body shall, prior to ECverification, examine the schedule in order to certify its conformity.
3. When a batch is examined, the inspection body shall ensure that
the vessels have been manufactured and checked in accordance with
the design and manufacturing schedule and shall perform a hydrostatic
test or a pneumatic test of equivalent effect on each vessel in the batchat a pressure Ph equal to 1,5 times the vessel's design pressure in orderto check its soundness. The premature test shall be subject to accep-tance of the test safety procedures by the Member States in which thetest is performed. Moreover, the inspection body shall carry out tests
on test-pieces taken from a representative production test-piece or
from a vessel, as the manufacturer chooses, in order to examine weldquality. The tests shall be carried out on longitudinal welds. However,where differing welding techniquesare us ed for longitudinal andcircular welds, the tests shall be repeated on the circular welds.
4. For the vessels referred to in section 2.1.2 of Annex I, these tests
on test-pieces shall be replaced by a hydrostatic test on five vesselstaken at random from each batch, in order to check that they conformto the requirementsof s ection 2.1.2 of Annex I.
ECdeclarationofconformity
Article 12
1. A manufacturer fulfilling the obligationsaris ing out of Article 13
shall affix the EC mark provided for in Article 16 to vessels which hedeclares to be in conformity with the standards, referred to in Article 5(1) or with an approved prototype. By thisEC declaration of confor-mity procedure the manufacturer becomes subject to EC surveillance,in cases where the product of PS and V exceeds 200 bar/litre.
2. The purpose of EC surveillance is to ensure, as required by
Article 14 (2), that the manufacturer duly fulfilsthe obligationsaris ingout of Article 13 (2). Surveillance shall be performed by the approvedbody which issued the EC type-examination certificate referred to inArticle 10 where the vessels have been manufactured in accordance
with an approved prototype or, if thisisnot the cas e, by the approved
body to which the design and manufacturing schedule was sent inaccordance with Article 8 (1) (a), first indent.
Article 13
1. Where a manufacturer makesus e of the procedure referred to in
Article 12, he must, before commencing manufacture, send the
approved body which issued the EC type-examination certificate orthe certificate of adequacy a document describing the manufacturingprocesses and all of the pre-determined systematic measures taken toensure conformity of the pressure vessels to the standards referred toin Article 5 (1) or the approved prototype.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 7
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Thisdocument s hall include:
(a) a description of the means of manufacture and checking appro-
priate to the construction of the vessels:
(b) an inspection document describing the appropriate examinations
and tests to be carried out during manufacture, together with theprocedurestherefor and the frequency with which they are to beperformed;
(c) an undertaking to carry out the examinationsand tes tsin accor-
dance with the inspection document referred to above and to havea hydrostatic test or, subject to the agreement of the Member State,
a pneumatic test carried out on each vessel manufactured at a test
pressure equal to 1,5 times the design pressure.
These examinations and tests shall be carried out under the respon-
sibility of qualified staff who are sufficiently independent from
production personnel, and shall be covered by a report;
(d) the addresses of the places of manufacture and storage and the date
on which manufacture isto commence.
2. In addition, when the product of PS and V exceeds200 bar/litre,
manufacturers shall authorize access to the said places of manufacture
and storage by the body responsible for EC surveillance, for inspectionpurposes, and shall allow that body to select sample vessels and shallprovide it with all necessary information, and in particular:
— the design and manufacturing schedule,
— the inspection report,
— the EC type-examination certificate or certificate of adequacy,
where appropriate,
— a report on the examinationsand tes tscarried out.
Article 14
1. The approved body which issued the EC type-examination certifi-
cate or certificate of adequacy must, before the date on which anymanufacture begins, examine both the document referred to in Article13 (1) and the design and manufacturing schedule referred to in AnnexII, section 3, in order to certify their conformity where vessels are notmanufactured in accordance with an approved prototype.
2. In addition, where the product of PS and V exceeds200 bar/litre,
that body must during manufacture:
— ensure that the manufacturer actually checks series-produced
vessels in accordance with Article 13 (1) (c),
— take random samples at the places of manufacture or at the place of
storage of vessels for inspection purposes.
The body shall supply the Member State which approved it, and, on
request, the other approved bodies, the other Member States and theCommission, with a copy of the inspection report.
CHAPTER III
ECmark
Article 15
Where it is established that the EC mark has been wrongly affixed to
vessels because:
— they do not conform to the approved prototype,
— they conform to an approved prototype which doesnot meet the
essential requirements referred to in Article 3,
— they do not conform, in respect of the vessels referred to in Article
8 (1) (a), to the relevant standards referred to in Article 5 (1).
— the manufacturer hasfailed to fulfil hisobligationsunder Article
13,1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 8
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the body responsible for EC surveillance must report to the Member
State concerned and, where appropriate, withdraw the EC type-exami-nation certificate.
Article 16
1. The EC mark and the inscriptions provided for in Annex II,
section 1, shall be affixed in a visible, easily legible and indelible
form to the vessel or to a data plate attached to the vessel in such away that it cannot be removed.
The EC mark shall consist of the symbol
, the last two digits of
the year in which the mark was affixed, and the distinguishing numberreferred to in Article 9 (1) of the approved inspection body responsiblefor EC verification or EC surveillance.
2. The affixing to vessels of marks or inscriptions which are likely
to be confused with the EC mark shall be prohibited.
CHAPTER IV
Finalprovisions
Article 17
Any decision taken pursuant to this Directive and resulting in restric-
tionson the placing on the market and/or taking into s ervice of avessel shall state the exact grounds on which it is based. Such a deci-sion shall be notified without delay to the party concerned, who shall atthe same time be informed of the judicial remedies available to him
under the lawsin force in the Member State in ques tion and of the
time limits to which such remedies are subject.
Article 18
1. Before 1 January 1990, Member States shall adopt and publish
the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary in orderto comply with thisDirective. They s hall forthwith inform theCommission thereof.
They shall apply such provisions from 1 July 1990.
Member Statess hall, for the period up to 1 July 1992, permit the
placing on the market and/or in service of vessels conforming to the
rulesin force in their territoriesbefore the date of application of thisDirective.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of
the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered bythisDirective.
Article 19
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 9
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ANNEX I
The essential safety requirements for the vessels are set out below:
1. MATERIALS
Materials must be selected according to the intended use of the vessels
and in accordance with 1.1 to 1.4.
1.1.Pressurizedparts
The materials referred to in Article 1 used for manufacturing the pressur-
ized partsmus t be:
— capable of being welded,
— ductile and tough, so that a rupture at minimum working temperature
doesnot give ris e to either fragmentation or brittle-type fracture,
— not adversely affected by ageing.
For steel vessels, the materials must in addition meet the requirements set
out in section 1.1.1 and, for aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels, those
set out in section 1.1.2.
They must be accompanied by an inspection slip drawn up by the
producer of the materialsasdes cribed in Annex II.
1.1.1.Steel vessels
Non-alloy quality steels meet the following requirements:
(a) they must be non-effervescent and be supplied after normalization
treatment, or in an equivalent state;
(b) the content per product of carbon must be less than 0,25 % and that
of sulphur and phosphorus must each be less than 0,05 %.
(c) they must have the following mechanical properties per product:
— the maximum tensile strength Rm,maxmust be less than 580 N/
mm2,
— the elongation after rupture must be:
— if test pieces are taken parallel to the direction of rolling:
thickness ≥3 mm: A ≥22 %,
thickness < 3 mm: A80 mm≥17 %,
— if test pieces are taken perpendicular to the direction of
rolling:
thickness ≥3 mm: A ≥20 %,
thickness < 3 mm: A80 mm≥15 %,
— the average failure energy KCV for three longitudinal test pieces
at minimum working temperature must not be less than 35 J/cm2.
Not more than one of the three figuresmay be les sthan 35 J/cm2,
with a minimum of 25 J/cm2.
In the case of steels used in the manufacture of vessels whose
minimum working temperature islower than − 10 ºC and whos e
wall thickness exceeds five mm, this property must be checked.
1.1.2.Aluminium vessels
Non-alloy aluminium must have an aluminium content of at least 99,5 %
and those alloys described in Article 1 (2) must display adequate resis-
tance to intercrystalline corrosion at maximum working temperature.
Moreover these materials must satisfy the following requirements:
(a) they must be supplied in an annealed state; and
(b) must have the following mechanical characteristics per product:
— the maximum tensile strength Rm,maxmust be no more than 350 N/
mm2,
— the elongation after rupture must be:
—A≥16 % if the test piece is taken parallel to the direction of
rolling,
—A≥14 % if the test piece is taken perpendicular to the direc-
tion of rolling,1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 10
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1.2.Weldingmaterials
The welding materials used to manufacture the welds on or of the vessel
must be appropriate to and compatible with the materials to be welded.
1.3.Accessoriescontributingtowardsthestrengthofthevessel
These accessories (e. g. bolts and nuts) must be made of a material speci-
fied in 1.1 or of other kindsof s teel, aluminium or an appropriate
aluminium alloy compatible with materialsus ed for the manufacture of
pressurized parts.
The latter materialsmus t at minimum working temperature have an
appropriate elongation after rupture and toughness.
1.4.Non-pressurizedparts
All unpressurized parts of welded vessels must be of materials which are
compatible with that of the componentsto which they are welded.
2. VESSEL DESIGN
The manufacturer must, when designing the vessel, define the use to
which it will be put, and select:
— the minimum working temperature Tmin,
— the maximum working temperature Tmax,
— the maximum working pressure PS.
However, should a minimum working temperature exceeding − 10 ºC be
selected, the qualities required of the materials must be satisfied at −
10 ºC.
The manufacturer must also take account of the following provisions:
— it must be possible to inspect the inside of vessels,
— it must be possible to drain the vessels,— the mechanical qualitiess hall be maintained throughout the period of
use of the vessel for the intended purpose,
— the vessels shall, bearing in mind their prescribed use, be adequately
protected against corrosion,
and the fact that under the conditions of use envisaged
— the vessels will not be subjected to stresses likely to impair their
safety in use,
— internal pressure will not permanently exceed the maximum working
pressure PS; however, it may momentarily do so by up to 10 %.
Circular and longitudinal seams must be made using full penetration
welds or welds of equivalent effectiveness. Convex ends other than hemi-
spherical ones shall have a cylindrical edge.
2.1.Wallthickness
If the product PS.V isnot more than 3 000 bar/litre, the manufacturer
must select one of the methods described in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 for deter-
mining vessel wall thickness; if the product of PS and V is more than
3 000 bar/litre, or if the maximum working temperature exceeds100 ºC,
such thickness must be determined by the method described in 2.1.1.
The actual wall thickness of the cylindrical section and ends shall,
however, be not less than 2 mm in the case of steel vessels and not less
than 3 mm in the case of aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels.
2.1.1.Calculation method
The minimum thickness of pressurized parts must be calculated having
regard to the intensity of the stresses and to the following provisions:
— the calculation pressure to be taken into account must not be less than
the maximum working pressure selected,
— the permissible general membrane stress must not exceed the lower of
the values0,6 R
ETor 0,3 Rm. The manufacturer must use the RETand
Rmminimum valuesguaranteed by the material manufacturer in order
to determine the permissible stress.
However, where the cylindrical portion of the vessel has one or more
longitudinal welds made using a non-automatic welding process, the
thickness calculated as above must be multiplied by the coefficient 1,15.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 11
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2.1.2.Experimental method
Wall thickness must be so determined as to enable the vessels to resist at
ambient temperature a pressure equal to at least five times the maximum
working pressure, with a permanent circumferential deformation factor of
no more than 1 %.
3. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Vessels shall be constructed and subjected to production checks in accor-
dance with the design and manufacturing record referred to in Annex II,
section 3.
3.1.Preparationofthecomponentparts
Preparation of the component parts(e.g. forming and chamfering) mus t
not give rise to surface defects or cracks or changes in the mechanical
characteristics likely to be detrimental to the safety of the vessels.
3.2.Weldsonpressurizedparts
The characteristics of welds and adjacent zones must be similar to those
of the welded materials and shall be free of any surface or internal
defects detrimental to the safety of the vessels.
Welds must be performed by qualified welders or operators possessing
the appropriate level of competence, in accordance with approved
welding processes. Such approval and qualification tests must be carried
out by approved inspection bodies.
The manufacturer must also, during manufacture, ensure consistent weld
quality by conducting appropriate tests using adequate procedures. These
tests must be the subject of a report.
4. PLACING IN SERVICES OF THE VESSELS
Vessels must be accompanied by the instructions drawn up by the manu-
facturer, asreferred to in Annex II, s ection 2.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 12
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ANNEX II
1. EC MARK AND INSCRIPTIONS
The vessel or data plate must bear the EC mark provided for in Article 16,
together with at least the following information:
— the maximum working pressure PS in bar
— the maximum working temperature Tmaxin ºC
— the minimum working temperature Tminin ºC
— the capacity of the vessel V in L— the name or mark of the manufacturer
— the type and serial or batch identification of the vessel.
Where a data plate is used, it must be so designed that it cannot be re-used
and must include a vacant space to enable other information to be provided.
2. INSTRUCTIONS
The instructions must provide the following information:
— the particulars given in 1 above except for the vessel's serial identifica-
tion,
— the intended use of the vessel,— the maintenance and installation requirements for vessel safety.
They must be in the official language or languages of the country of desti-
nation.
3. DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING SCHEDULES
The design and manufacturing schedules must contain a description of the
techniques and operations employed in order to meet the essential require-
mentsreferred to in Article 3 or the s tandardsreferred to in article 5 (1)
and in particular:
(a) a detailed manufacturing drawing of the vessel type;
(b) the instructions;
(c) a document describing:
— the materialss elected,
— the welding processes selected,
— the checkss elected,
— any pertinent details as to the vessel design.
When the procedures laid down in Articles 11 to 14 are used, the schedule
must also include:
(i) the certificatesrelating to the s uitable qualification of the welding
operationsand of the weldersor operators ;
(ii) the inspection slip for the materials used in the manufacture of parts
and assemblies contributing to the strength of the pressure vessel;
(iii) a report on the examinations and tests performed or a description of
the proposed checks.
4. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS4.1.Definitions
(a) The design pressure ‘P’ is the gauge pressure chosen by the manufac-
turer and used to determine the thickness of the pressurized parts.
(b) The maximum working pressure ‘PS’ is the maximum gauge pressure
which may be exerted under normal conditionsof us e.
(c) The minimum working temperature T
minis the lowest stabilized
temperature in the wall of the vessel under normal conditions of use.
(d) The maximum working temperature Tmaxis the highest stabilized
temperature which the wall of the vessel may attain under normal
conditionsof us e.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 13
▼B
(e) The yield strength ‘RET’ isthe value at the maximum working tempera-
ture Tmax
— of the upper yield point ReH, for a material with both a lower and
an upper yield point,
— or of the proof stress Rp0,2,
— or of the proof stress Rp1,0 in the case of non-alloy aluminium.
(f) Families of vessels:
Vessels form part of the same family if they differ from the prototype
only in diameter, provided that the permissible requirements referred to
in sections 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 of Annex I are complied with and/or in the
length of their cylindrical portion within the following limits:
— where a prototype hasone or more s hell ringsin addition to the
ends, variants in the family must have at least one shell ring,
— where a prototype has just two dished ends, variants in the family
must have no shell rings.
Variationsin length caus ing the aperturesand/or penetrationsto be
modified must be shown in the drawing for each variant.
(g) A batch of vessels consists at the most of 3 000 vessels of the model of
the same type.
(h) There iss eriesmanufacture within the meaning of thisDirective if
more than one vessel of the same type is manufactured during a given
period by a continuous manufacturing process, in accordance with a
common design and using the same manufacturing processes.
(i) Inspection slip: document by which the producer certifies that the
productsdelivered meet the requirementsof the order and in which he
sets out the results of the routine in-plant inspection test, in particular
chemical composition and mechanical characteristics performed on
products made by the same production process as the supply, but not
necessarily on the products delivered.
4.2.Symbols
A elongation after rupture (L o¼5;65ﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃ
Sop
)%
A 80 mm elongation after rupture (Lo= 80 mm) %
KCV rupture energy J/cm2
P design pressure barPS working pressure bar
P
hhydrostatic or pneumatic test pressure bar
Rp0,2 proof stress at 0,2 % N/mm2
RETyield strength at maximum working tempera-
tureN/mm2
ReHupper yield point N/mm2
Rmtensile strength N/mm2
Tmaxmaximum working temperature ºC
Tminminimum working temperature ºC
V capacity of the vessel L
Rm, maxmaximum tensile strength N/mm2
Rp1,0 proof stress at 1,0 % N/mm21987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 14
▼B
ANNEX III
MINIMUM CRITERIA TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT BY MEMBER
STATESWHENAPPOINTINGINSPECTIONBODIES
1. The inspection body, its director and the staff responsible for carrying out the
verification tests shall not be the designer, manufacturer, supplier or installer
of vessels which they inspect, nor the authorized representative of any of
those parties. They shall not become directly involved in the design,
construction, marketing or maintenance of the vessels, nor represent theparties engaged in these activities. This does not preclude the possibility of
exchangesof technical information between the manufacturer and the ins pec-
tion body.
2. The inspection body and its staff must carry out the verification tests with the
highest degree of professional integrity and technical competence and must
be free from all pressures and inducements, particularly financial, which
might influence their judgment or the results of the inspection, especially
from persons or groups of persons with an interest in the result of verifica-
tions.
3. The inspection body must have at its disposal the necessary staff and possess
the necessary facilities to enable it to perform properly the administrative and
technical tasks connected with verification; it must also have access to the
equipment required for special verification.
4. The staff responsible for inspection must have:
— sound technical and professional training,
— satisfactory knowledge of the requirements of the tests they carry out and
adequate experience of such tests.
— the ability to draw up the certificates, records and reports required to
authenticate the performance of the tests.
5. The impartiality of inspection staff must be guaranteed. Their remuneration
must not depend on the number of tests carried out nor on the results of
such tests.
6. The inspection body must take out liability insurance unless its liability is
assumed by the State in accordance with national law, or the Member State
itself is directly responsible for the tests.
7. The staff of the inspection body is bound to observe professional secrecy
with regard to all information gained in carrying out itstas ks(except vis-à-
visthe competent administrative authorities of the State in which its activities
are carried out) under thisDirective or any provis ion of national law giving
effect to it.1987L0404 — EN — 25.09.1990 — 001.001 — 15