7.

REQUIREMENTS 7.1 General 7.1.1. If the driver's compartment is without a roof, the driver should have some special protection against strong wind, sudden dust, heavy rain, etc. 7.2. Masses and dimensions 7.2.1. The vehicles shall comply with the requirements of Annex 11. 7.2.2. Area available for passengers. 7.2.2.1. The total surface area S0 available for passengers is calculated by deducting from the total area of the floor of the vehicle: 7.2.2.1.1. The area of the driver's compartment. 7.2.2.1.2. The area of steps at doors and the area of any other step with a depth of less than 300 mm and the area swept by the door and its mechanism when it is operated. 7.2.2.1.3. The area of any part over which the vertical clearance is less than 1 350 mm measured from the floor disregarding permitted intrusion specified in paragraphs 7.7.8.6.3 and 7.7.8.6.4 of this annex. In the case of vehicles of Class A or B, this dimension may be reduced to 1 200 mm. 7.2.2.1.4. The area of any part of the vehicle to which access by passengers is prevented as defined in paragraph 7.9.4 of this annex; 7.2.2.1.5. The area of any space reserved solely for the carriage of goods or baggage and from which passengers are excluded. 7.2.2.1.6. The area required to provide a clear working area at serveries. 7.2.2.1.7. The floor area occupied by any staircase, half staircase, intercommunication staircase or the surface of any step. 7.2.2.2. The surface area S1 available for standing passengers (only in the case of vehicles of Class A, I and II, in which the carriage of standing passengers is allowed) is calculated by deducting from S0: 7.2.2.2.1. The area of all parts of the floor in which the slope exceeds the maximum permissible values as determined in paragraph 7.7.6 of this annex. 7.2.2.2.2. The area of all parts which are not accessible to a standing passenger when all the seats are occupied, with the exception of folding seats. 7.2.2.2.3. The area of all parts where the clear height above the floor is less than the gangway height specified in paragraph 7.7.5.1 of this annex (handholds shall not be taken into account in this connection). 7.2.2.2.4. The area forward of a transverse vertical plane passing through the centre of the seating surface of the driver's seat (in its rearmost position). 7.2.2.2.5. The area 300 mm in front of all seats other than folding seats, except in the case of a sideways-facing seat, in which case this dimension may be reduced to 225 mm. In the case of variable seating arrangements, of any seat when considered to be in use, see paragraph 7.2.2.4 above. 7.2.2.2.6. Any surface not being excluded by the provisions in paragraphs 7.2.2.2.1 to 7.2.2.2.5 above, on which it is not possible to place a rectangle of 400 mm × 300 mm. 7.2.2.2.7. In vehicles of Class II, the area in which standing is not allowed. 7.2.2.2.8. In double-deck vehicles, any area of the upper deck. 7.2.2.2.9. The surface of the wheelchair space(s) when considered occupied by a wheelchair user(s), see paragraph 7.2.2.4 above. 7.2.2.2.10. The surface of any wheelchair space(s) dedicated solely for the use of wheelchair user(s). 7.2.2.3. There shall be on the vehicle a number (P) of seating places, other than folding seats, which conform to the requirements of paragraph 7.7.8 below. If the vehicle is of Class I, II or A the number of seating places on each deck shall be at least equal to the number of square metres of floor on that deck available for passengers and crew (if any) rounded down to the nearest whole number; this number may, in vehicles of Class I, excluding the upper deck, be reduced by 10 per cent. 7.2.2.4. In the case of a vehicle equipped with a variable seating capacity the area available for standing passengers (S1) and the provisions of paragraph 3.3.1 of Annex 11 shall be determined for each of the following conditions as applicable: 7.2.2.4.1. With all possible seats occupied followed by the remaining area for standing passengers and, if space remains, any wheelchair spaces occupied. 7.2.2.4.2. With all possible standing areas occupied followed by the remaining seats available for seated passengers and, if space remains, any wheelchair spaces occupied. 7.2.2.4.3. With all possible wheelchair spaces occupied followed by the remaining area for standing passengers and then the remaining seats available for use occupied. 7.2.3. Marking of vehicles 7.2.3.1. Space shall be provided in the driver's area, in a position clearly visible to the driver in his seating position, for the markings provided for in paragraph 3.3 of Annex 11. 7.2.3.1.1. The maximum number of seating places the vehicle is designed to carry. 7.2.3.1.2. The maximum number of standing places, if any, the vehicle is designed to carry. 7.2.3.1.3. The maximum number of wheelchairs which the vehicle is designed to carry, if any. 7.2.3.2. (Reserved) 7.2.3.3. (Reserved) 7.3. Prevention of accidents 7.3.1. If the engine compartment of a vehicle is located to the rear of the driver's compartment, it shall not be possible to start the engine from the driver's position when the main engine access panel located in the rear face of the vehicle is open and which provide direct access to parts that represent a hazard when the engine is running (e.g. pulley of belt drives). 7.4. Stability test 7.4.1. The stability of a vehicle shall be such that the point at which overturning occurs would not be passed if the surface on which the vehicle stands were tilted to both sides in turn to an angle of 28 degrees from the horizontal. 7.4.2. For the purposes of the above test, the vehicle shall be at its mass in running order as described in paragraph 2.18 of this Regulation, with the addition of: 7.4.2.1. Loads equal to Q (as defined in paragraph 3.2.3.2.1 of Annex 11) shall be placed on each passenger seat (of the upper deck only in the case of double-deck vehicles). If a single-deck vehicle is intended for standees or with a crew member who is not seated, the centre of gravity of the loads Q or 75 kg representing them, shall be uniformly distributed over the standee or crew area respectively, at a height of 875 mm. If a double-deck vehicle is intended to be used with a crew member who is not seated, the centre of gravity of the mass of 75 kg representing the crew member shall be placed in the upper deck gangway at a height of 875 mm. Where a vehicle is equipped to carry luggage on the roof, a uniformly distributed mass (BX) of not less than that declared by the manufacturer in accordance with paragraph 3.2.3.2.1 of Annex 11, representing such baggage shall be secured to the roof. The other baggage compartments shall not contain any baggage. 7.4.2.2. If the vehicle has a variable seating capacity, standing capacity or is designed to carry one or more wheelchairs, in respect of any area of the passenger compartment in which such variations occur, the loads in paragraph 7.4.2.1 above shall be the greater of: (a) The mass represented by the number of seated passengers that may occupy the area including the mass of any demountable seats; or (b) The mass represented by the number of standing passengers that may occupy the area; or (c) The mass of wheelchairs and users that may occupy the area at a total mass of 250 kg each placed at a height of 500 mm above the floor in the centre of each wheelchair space; or (d) The mass of seated passengers, standing passengers and wheelchairs users and any combination of these that may occupy the area. 7.4.3. The height of any step used to prevent a wheel of the vehicle from slipping sideways on a tilt test rig shall not be greater than two-thirds of the distance between the surface upon which the vehicle stands before it is tilted and that part of the rim of that wheel which is nearest to the surface when the vehicle is loaded in accordance with paragraph 7.4.2 above. 7.4.4. During the test, no parts of vehicle which are not intended to come into contact in normal use shall not do so, nor shall any part become damaged or deranged. 7.4.5. Alternatively, a calculation method can be used to show that the vehicle will not overturn under the conditions described in paragraphs 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 above. Such a calculation shall take into account the following parameters: 7.4.5.1. Masses and dimensions; 7.4.5.2. Height of centre of gravity; 7.4.5.3. Spring rates; 7.4.5.4. Vertical and horizontal tyre rates; 7.4.5.5. Characteristics of the control of air pressure in the air springs; 7.4.5.6. Position of the centre of moments; 7.4.5.7. Torsion resistance of the body. The method of calculation is described in the appendix to this annex. 7.5. Protection against fire risks 7.5.1. Engine compartment 7.5.1.1. No flammable sound-proofing material or material liable to become impregnated with fuel, lubricant or other combustible material shall be used in the engine compartment unless the material is covered by an impermeable sheet. 7.5.1.2. Precautions shall be taken, either by a suitable layout of the engine compartment or by the provision of drainage orifices, to avoid, so far as possible, the accumulation of fuel, lubricating oil or any other combustible material in any part of the engine compartment. 7.5.1.3. A partition of heat-resisting material shall be fitted between the engine compartment or any other source of heat (such as a device designed to absorb the energy liberated when a vehicle is descending a long gradient, e.g. a retarder, or a device for heating the interior of the body other, however, than a device functioning by warm water circulation) and the rest of the vehicle. All fixings, clips, gaskets, etc., used in conjunction with the partition shall be fire resistant. 7.5.1.4. A heating device operating other than by hot water may be provided in the passenger compartment if it is encased in material designed to resist the temperatures generated by the device, emits no toxic fumes and is positioned such that no passenger is likely to come into contact with any hot surface. 7.5.1.5. In the case of vehicles having an internal combustion engine or a combustion heater located to the rear of the driver's compartment, the compartment shall be equipped with an alarm system providing the driver with both an acoustic and a visual signal, and activating the hazard warning signal, in the event of excess temperature in the engine compartment and in each compartment where a combustion heater is located. In addition to the alarm system, vehicles of Classes I, II and III shall be equipped with a fire suppression system in the engine compartment and each compartment where a combustion heater is located. Vehicles of Classes A and B, may be equipped with a fire suppression system in the engine compartment and in each compartment where a combustion heater is located. 7.5.1.5.1. The alarm system and the fire suppression system, if fitted, shall be automatically activated through a fire detection system. The detection system shall be designed so as to detect a temperature in the engine compartment, and in each compartment where a combustion heater is located in excess of the temperature occurring during normal operation. 7.5.1.5.2. Paragraph 7.5.1.5.1 above is considered to be satisfied if the following areas of the engine compartment, and each compartment where a combustion heater is located, are monitored regarding excess temperature: 7.5.1.5.2.1. Areas in which, in case of leakage, flammable fluids (liquid or gas) may come into contact with exposed components, e.g. the supercharger or the exhaust-system, including engine-mounted components, whose working temperature is equal to or greater than the ignition temperature of the flammable fluids (liquid or gas); 7.5.1.5.2.2. Areas in which, in case of leakage, flammable fluids (liquid or gas) may come into contact with shielded components, e.g. an independent heating device, whose working temperature is equal to or greater than the ignition temperature of the flammable fluids (liquid or gas); and 7.5.1.5.2.3. Areas in which, in case of leakage, flammable fluids (liquid or gas) may come into contact with components, e.g. the alternator, whose temperature, in case of failure, may be equal to or greater than the ignition temperature of the flammable fluids (liquid or gas). 7.5.1.5.3. The alarm system and the fire suppression system shall be operational whenever the engine start device is operated, until such time as the engine stop device is operated, regardless of the vehicle's attitude. They may remain operational after the ignition is switched off or the vehicle master control switch is deactivated, wherever applicable. The alarm system shall remain operational whenever the combustion heater is in operation. 7.5.1.5.4. The installation of the fire suppression system shall comply with the following requirements; 7.5.1.5.4.1. The fire suppression system shall be installed according to the system manufacturer's installation manual. 7.5.1.5.4.2. An analysis shall be conducted prior to the installation in order to determine the location and direction of the suppression agent discharge point(s) (e.g. nozzles, extinguishing agent generators or extinguishing agent discharge tube or other distribution points). Potential fire hazards within the engine compartment and each compartment where a combustion heater is located, shall be identified and the discharge point(s) located such that the suppression agent will be distributed to cover the fire hazard when the system activates. The spray pattern and direction of discharge points, as well as the discharge distance, shall be ensured to cover identified fire hazards. The system shall also be ensured to work properly regardless of the vehicle's attitude. The fire hazard analysis shall, as a minimum, take into account the following components: (a) Those whose surface may reach temperatures above the auto-ignition temperature for fluids, gases or substances that are present within the compartment; (b) Electrical components and cables with a current or voltage high enough for an ignition to occur; (c) Hoses and containers with flammable liquid or gas (in particular if those are pressurised). The analysis shall be fully documented. 7.5.1.5.4.3. The suppression system shall be scaled from the tested system, based on the total gross volume of the engine and combustion heater compartments where the system is to be installed. When measuring the engine compartment and the combustion heater compartments, the gross volume of these compartments shall be measured, i.e. the volume of the engine and its components shall not be subtracted. The scaling of the system includes the mass of the suppression agent, all discharge points and the mass of the propellant gas container, if applicable. The system pressure shall remain the same as in the tested system. If the system includes a discharge tube for the extinguishing agent, the length of the tube shall be scaled without nozzles. It is acceptable if the suppression system has more extinguishing agent and/or more discharge points and/or a longer discharge tube for the extinguishing agent and/or more propellant gas than required according to the scaling models found below. If the gross volume of the engine and combustion heater compartments exceed 4 m3, the suppression system shall be scaled up using the following scaling factor calculated in (1) below. If the gross volume is less than 4 m3, it is allowed to scale down the suppression system using the scaling factor (2) below. Sx denotes the scaling factor and x denotes the total gross volume including the engine and combustion heater compartments [m3].



Sx = 0,1 · x + 0,6 (1) Sx = 0,15 · x + 0,4 (2) The scaled number of nozzles or other discharge points, if the suppression system has more than one discharge point may be rounded to the closest whole number. 7.5.2. Electrical equipment and wiring 7.5.2.1. All cables shall be well insulated and all cables and electrical equipment shall be able to withstand the temperature and humidity conditions to which they are exposed. In the engine compartment, particular attention shall be paid to their suitability to withstand the environmental temperature and the effects of all likely contaminants. 7.5.2.2. No cable used in an electrical circuit shall carry a current in excess of that acceptable for such a cable in the light of its mode of installation and the maximum ambient temperature. 7.5.2.3. Every electrical circuit feeding an item of equipment other than the starter, the ignition circuit (positive ignition), the glow-plugs, the engine-stopping device, the charging circuit and the battery earth connection shall include a fuse or a circuit breaker. Circuits feeding other equipment may, however, be protected by a common fuse or a common circuit-breaker, provided that their sum rated capacity does not exceed the capacity of a fuse or of a circuit-breaker. In the case of multiplexing, the manufacturer shall give all the relevant technical information at the request of the technical service responsible for conducting the tests. 7.5.2.4. All cables shall be well protected and shall be held securely in position in such a way that they cannot be damaged by cutting, abrasion or chafing. 7.5.2.5. Where the voltage exceeds 100 V RMS (Root Mean Square) in one or more electrical circuits in a vehicle, a manually-operated isolating switch which is capable of disconnecting all such circuits from the main electrical supply shall be connected in each pole of that supply which is not electrically connected to earth, and shall be located inside the vehicle in a position readily accessible to the driver, provided that no such isolating switch shall be capable of disconnecting any electrical circuit supplying the mandatory external vehicle lights. This paragraph does not apply to high tension ignition circuits nor to self-contained circuits within a unit of equipment in the vehicle. 7.5.2.6. All electrical cables shall be so located that no part can make contact with any fuel line or any part of the exhaust system, or be subjected to excessive heat, unless suitable special insulation and protection is provided, as for example to a solenoid-operated exhaust valve. 7.5.3. Batteries 7.5.3.1. All batteries shall be well secured and easily accessible. 7.5.3.2. The battery compartment shall be separated from the passenger compartment and driver's compartment and ventilated to outside air. 7.5.3.3. The battery terminals shall be protected against the risk of short circuit. 7.5.4. Fire extinguishers and first-aid equipment 7.5.4.1. Space shall be provided for the fitting of one or more fire extinguishers, one being near the driver's seat. In vehicles of Class A or B the space for each required extinguisher shall be not less than 8 dm3 and for in Class I, II or III not less than 15 dm3. In the case of a double-deck vehicle, an additional extinguisher space shall be provided on the upper deck. 7.5.4.2. Space shall be provided for the fitting of one or more first-aid kits. The space provided shall be not less than 7 dm3, the minimum dimension shall not be less than 80 mm. 7.5.4.3. Fire extinguishers and first aid kits may be secured against theft or vandalism (e.g. in an internal locker or behind breakable glass), provided that the locations of these items are clearly marked and means are provided for persons to extract them easily in an emergency. 7.5.5. Materials No flammable material shall be permitted within 100 mm of the exhaust system component, any high voltage electrical equipment or any other significant source of heat unless the material is effectively shielded. Where necessary, shielding shall be provided to prevent grease or other flammable materials coming into contact with exhaust system or other significant heat sources. For the purposes of this paragraph, a flammable material is considered to be one which is not designed to withstand the temperatures likely to be encountered in that location. 7.5.6. Fire detection 7.5.6.1. Vehicles shall be equipped with an alarm system detecting either an excess temperature or smoke in toilet compartments, driver's sleeping compartments and other separate compartments. 7.5.6.2. Upon detection, the system given in paragraph 7.5.6.1 shall provide the driver with both an acoustic and a visual signal in the driver's compartment and shall activate the hazard warning signal. 7.5.6.3. The alarm system shall be at least operational whenever the engine start device is operated, until such time as the engine stop device is operated, regardless of the vehicle's attitude. 7.6. Exits 7.6.1. Number of exits 7.6.1.1. The minimum number of doors in a vehicle shall be two, either two service doors or one service door and one emergency door. Every double-deck vehicle shall have two doors on the lower deck (see also paragraph 7.6.2.3 below). The minimum number of service doors required is as follows:



Number of passengers Minimum number of service doors Classes I & A Class II Classes III & B 9 - 45 1 1 1 46 - 70 2 1 1 71 - 100 3 (2 in the case of a double-deck vehicle) 2 1 > 100 4 3 1 7.6.1.2. The minimum number of service doors in each rigid section of an articulated vehicle shall be one except that this minimum number shall be two in the case of front section of an articulated vehicle of Class I. 7.6.1.3. For the purpose of this requirement, service doors equipped with a power-operated control system shall not be deemed to be emergency doors unless they can be readily opened by hand, once the control prescribed in paragraph 7.6.5.1 below has been actuated, if necessary. 7.6.1.4. The minimum number of emergency exits shall be such that the total number of exits in a separate compartment is as follows:



Number of passengers and crew to be accommodated in each compartment or deck Minimum total number of exits 1 - 8 2 9 - 16 3 17 - 30 4 31 - 45 5 46 - 60 6 61 - 75 7 76 - 90 8 91 - 110 9 111 - 130 10 > 130 11 The number of exits for each separate deck (in the case of a double-deck vehicle) and each separate compartment shall be determined separately. Toilet compartments or galleys are not considered to be separate compartments for the purposes of defining the number of emergency exits. Escape hatches can only count as one of the above-mentioned number of emergency exits. 7.6.1.5. Each rigid section of an articulated vehicle shall be treated as a separate vehicle for the purpose of determining the minimum number and the position of exits, except for paragraph 7.6.2.4 below. The connecting passage between them shall not be considered as an exit. Toilet compartments or galleys are not considered to be separate compartments for the purposes of defining the number of emergency exits. The number of passengers shall be determined for each rigid section. The plane, which contains the horizontal axis of the hinge between conjoined rigid sections of the vehicle, and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle, when it moves straight, shall be considered as the border between sections. 7.6.1.6. A double service door shall count as two doors and a double or multiple windows as two emergency windows. 7.6.1.7. If the driver's compartment does not provide access to a passenger compartment by means of a passageway that permits: (a) The front edge of the cylindrical gauge referred to in Annex 4, Figure 6 to reach at least the transverse vertical plane tangential to the foremost point of the driver's seat back in its rearmost longitudinal position, and (b) From this plane, to move the panel shown in Annex 4, Figure 7 forwards from the contact position with the cylindrical gauge until it reaches at least the vertical plane tangential to the foremost point of the driver's seat cushion, then the requirements of the following paragraphs 7.6.1.7.1 to 7.6.1.7.5 below shall be met: 7.6.1.7.1. The driver's compartment shall have two exits, which shall not both be in the same lateral wall. When one of the exits is a window, this window shall have a minimum area of 400 000 mm2, it shall be possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle measuring 500 mm × 700 mm and it shall comply with the requirements set out in paragraph 7.6.8 below for emergency windows. 7.6.1.7.2. One or two seats are permitted alongside the driver for additional people, in which case both of the exits referred to in paragraph 7.6.1.7.1 above shall be doors. The driver's door shall be accepted as the emergency door for the occupants of those seats, provided that it is possible to move a test gauge from the occupants' seats to the exterior of the vehicle through the driver's door (see Annex 4, Figure 27). Verification of the access to the driver's door shall be subject to the requirements of paragraph 7.7.3.2 below, by using the test gauge having a dimension of 600 × 400 mm, as described in paragraph 7.7.3.3 below. The service door shall be in the side of the vehicle opposite to that containing the driver's door and shall be accepted as the emergency door for the driver. 7.6.1.7.3. Paragraphs 7.6.3 to 7.6.7, 7.7.1, 7.7.2 and 7.7.7 of this annex shall not apply to the exits provided for the driver's compartment as referred to in paragraphs 7.6.1.7.1 and 7.6.1.7.2 above. 7.6.1.7.4. In the circumstances described in paragraphs 7.6.1.7.1 and 7.6.1.7.2 above, the exits provided in the driver's compartment, and for the occupants of any seats alongside the driver shall not count as one of the doors required by paragraphs 7.6.1.1 and 7.6.1.2 above, nor as one of the emergency exits required by paragraph 7.6.1.4 of this annex for any other passenger compartment. 7.6.1.7.5. Up to five additional seats may be fitted in a compartment incorporating the driver's compartment and any seats alongside the driver, provided that the additional seats and the space for these seats comply with all requirements of this Regulation and at least one of the emergency exits required by paragraph 7.6.1.4 above is a door giving access to the passenger compartment complying with the requirements of paragraph 7.6.3.1.2 of this annex for emergency doors. 7.6.1.8. If the driver's compartment is accessible from a passenger compartment by means of a passageway complying with the requirements of subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 7.6.1.7 above, and any seats adjacent to this driver's compartment are accessible from that same passenger compartment by means of a passageway complying with one of the conditions described in paragraph 7.7.5.1.1 of this annex, no external exit is required from the driver's compartment. 7.6.1.9. If, under the circumstances described in paragraph 7.6.1.8 above, a driver's door is provided in vehicles of Classes A or B it may count as an emergency door for passengers provided: 7.6.1.9.1. The driver's door satisfies the requirements relating to the dimensions of emergency door indicated in paragraph 7.6.3.1.2 of this annex; 7.6.1.9.2. The driver's door fulfils the requirements of paragraph 7.6.1.7.2 above; 7.6.1.9.3. The space reserved for the driver's seat shall communicate with the main passengers' compartment through an appropriate passage; such requirement shall be deemed to be fulfilled if the test gauge described in paragraph 7.7.5.1 below is able to be moved unobstructed from the gangway, until the front end of the gauge reaches the vertical plane tangential to the foremost point of the driver's seat back (this seat being situated in its rearmost longitudinal position) and, from this plane, the test gauge described in paragraph 7.7.3.3 below is able to be moved to the emergency door in the direction established by such paragraph (see Annex 4, Figure 28) with seat and steering wheel adjustment in their mid-position. 7.6.1.10. Paragraphs 7.6.1.8 and 7.6.1.9 above do not preclude there being a door or other barrier between the driver's seat and the passenger compartment provided that this barrier can be released quickly by the driver in an emergency. A driver's door in a compartment protected by such a barrier shall not be counted as an exit for passengers. 7.6.1.11. Vehicles of Classes II, III and B shall be fitted with escape hatches, additional to the emergency doors and windows. In the case of double-deck vehicles, these hatches shall be fitted in the upper deck roof only. The minimum number of hatches shall be:



Number of passengers (in the upper deck in the case of double-deck vehicles) Minimum number of hatches Not exceeding 30 l Exceeding 30 2 Except as provided in paragraph 7.6.1.12, hatches may also be fitted in the case of Classes I and A vehicles. There shall not be any escape hatches fitted in the roof of a trolleybus. 7.6.1.12. Hatches shall not be fitted in positions where technical components are installed which present possible danger to passengers using the escape hatches (e.g. high voltage systems, systems containing dangerous liquids and/or gas, etc.). 7.6.1.13. Each intercommunication staircase shall be considered to be an exit from the upper deck of a double-deck vehicle. 7.6.1.14. All persons accommodated in the lower deck of a double-deck vehicle shall, in an emergency situation, have access to the exterior of the vehicle without having to enter the upper deck. 7.6.1.15. The upper deck gangway of a double-deck vehicle shall be connected by one or more intercommunication staircases to the access passageway of a service door or to the lower deck gangway within 3 m of a service door: 7.6.1.15.1. At least one and one-half staircases shall be provided in the case of vehicles of Class I if more than 50 passengers are carried on the upper deck; 7.6.1.15.2. At least one and one-half staircases shall be provided in the case of vehicles of Class II and Class III if more than 30 passengers are carried on the upper deck. 7.6.1.16. In the case of a vehicle without a roof, the exits on the deck without a roof shall be such as to fulfil those prescriptions that are not incompatible with the absence of the roof. 7.6.1.17. In the case of vehicles of Class A or B, if there is a door opposite the driver's door it may count as one of the required exits for passengers provided: 7.6.1.17.1. There is not more than one passenger's seat beside the driver's compartment, and 7.6.1.17.2. It complies with the provisions of paragraph 7.6.1.9 above. 7.6.2. Positioning of exits 7.6.2.1. Vehicles of Classes I, II and III shall meet the requirements shown below. 7.6.2.1.1. The service door(s) shall be situated on the side of the vehicle that is nearer to the side of the road corresponding to the direction of traffic for which the vehicle is designed and as declared by the manufacturer in the communication form of Annex 1, Part I, Appendix 1, paragraph 2.8, to this Regulation. At least one of them shall be in the forward half of the vehicle. This shall not preclude: 7.6.2.1.1.1. The provision of a specially designed door in the rear or side faces of a vehicle for use in place of a service door by wheelchair passengers, or 7.6.2.1.1.2. The provision of an additional door in the rear face of a vehicle principally for loading/unloading of goods or luggage, but which may be used by passengers where circumstances so require, or 7.6.2.1.1.3. The provision of one or more additional service door(s) on the opposite side of the vehicle in the case of vehicles designed for use in circumstances which require boarding/alighting of passengers on both sides of the vehicle. Vehicles so equipped shall be provided with control(s) that allow the driver to inhibit normal operation of the doors that are not currently in use. 7.6.2.2. Vehicles of Classes A and B shall meet the following requirements: 7.6.2.2.1. The service door(s) shall be situated on the side of the vehicle that is nearer to the side of the road corresponding to the direction of the traffic for which the vehicle is designed and as declared by the manufacturer in the communication form of Annex 1, Part I, Appendix 1, paragraph 2.8, to this Regulation. 7.6.2.2.2. The exits shall be placed in such a way that there is at least one exit on each side of the vehicle. 7.6.2.2.3. The forward half and the rearward half of the passenger compartment shall each contain at least one exit. 7.6.2.3. If the passenger's compartment has an area S0 equal or greater than 10 m2, two of the doors referred to in paragraph 7.6.1.1 above shall be separated such that the distance between transverse vertical planes through their centres of area is not less than: 7.6.2.3.1. In the case of a single-deck vehicle, 40 per cent of the overall length of the passenger compartment measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In the case of an articulated vehicle, this requirement shall be fulfilled if two doors of the different sections are separated such that the distance between the doors is not less than 40 per cent of the overall length of the combined passenger compartment (all sections). If one of these two doors forms part of a double door this distance shall be measured between the two doors which are furthest apart. 7.6.2.3.2. In the case of a double-deck vehicle, two of the doors referred to in paragraph 7.6.1.1 above shall be separated such that the distance between transverse vertical planes through their centres of area is not less than either 25 per cent of the overall length of the vehicle or 40 per cent of the overall length of the passenger compartment on the lower deck; this shall not apply if the two doors are on different sides of the vehicle. If one of these two doors forms part of a double door, this distance shall be measured between the two doors which are furthest apart. 7.6.2.4. The exits (on each deck in the case of a double-deck vehicle) shall be placed in such a way that their number on each of the two sides of the vehicle is substantially the same. (This shall not imply the need to provide additional exits over and above the number specified in paragraph 7.6.1 above). Any exits in excess of the required minimum number need not be substantially on each of the two sides. 7.6.2.5. At least one exit shall be situated either in the rear face or in the front face of the vehicle: 7.6.2.5.1. In the case of Class I and A vehicles, the requirements of paragraph 7.6.2.5 above are fulfilled if an escape hatch is fitted; or, if paragraph 7.6.1.12 applies, an additional exit to those specified in paragraph 7.6.1 above, is fitted on each side of the vehicle. 7.6.2.5.2. In the case of double-deck vehicles, the requirements of paragraph 7.6.2.5 above shall apply only to the upper deck. 7.6.2.6. The exits on the same side of the vehicle shall be suitably separated along the length of the passenger compartment. 7.6.2.7. A door shall, provided that it is not a service door, be permitted in the rear face of the vehicle. 7.6.2.8. Required escape hatches shall be positioned as follows: (a) If there is only one hatch, it shall be situated in the middle third of the passenger compartment; or (b) If there are two hatches, they shall be separated by a distance of at least 2 m measured between the nearest edges of the apertures in a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. 7.6.3. Minimum dimensions of exits 7.6.3.1. Vehicles of Class I, II or III shall meet the following requirements: 7.6.3.1.1. Service doors shall have an aperture creating an access in accordance with the requirements shown in paragraph 7.7.1 of this annex. 7.6.3.1.2. Emergency doors shall have an aperture with a minimum height of 1 450 mm and a minimum width of 600 mm. 7.6.3.1.3. Emergency windows shall have a minimum area of 400 000 mm2. It shall be possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle measuring 500 mm × 700 mm. 7.6.3.1.4. In the case of an emergency window situated in the rear face of the vehicle, either it shall meet the requirements shown in paragraph 7.6.3.1.3 above, or it shall be possible to inscribe in the aperture of this emergency window a rectangle 350 mm high and 1 550 mm wide, the corners of which may be rounded to a radius of curvature not exceeding 250 mm. 7.6.3.1.5. Escape hatches shall have an aperture with a minimum area of 450 000 mm2. It shall be possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle measuring 600 mm × 700 mm. 7.6.3.2. Vehicles of Class A or B may meet either the requirements shown in paragraph 7.6.3.1 above (Class A meeting Class I requirements and Class B meeting Class II and III requirements) or those contained in Annex 7, paragraph 1.1. 7.6.4. Technical requirements for all service doors 7.6.4.1. Every service door shall be capable of being easily opened from inside and from outside the vehicle when the vehicle is stationary (but not necessarily when the vehicle is moving). However, this requirement shall not be construed as precluding the possibility of locking the door from the outside, provided that the door can always be opened from the inside. 7.6.4.2. Every control or device for opening a door from the outside shall be between 1 000 mm and 1 500 mm from the ground and not more than 500 mm from the door. In vehicles of Classes I, II and III every control or device for opening a door from the inside shall be between 1 000 mm and 1 500 mm from the upper surface of the floor or step nearest the control and be not more than 500 mm from the door. This shall not apply to controls located within the driver's area. 7.6.4.3. Every one-piece manually-operated service door which is hinged or pivoted shall be so hinged or pivoted that if the open door comes into contact with a stationary object while the vehicle is moving forwards it tends to close. 7.6.4.4. If a manually-operated service door is fitted with a slam lock it shall be of the two-stage type. 7.6.4.5. On the inside of a service door there shall not be any device intended to cover the inside steps when the door is closed. This does not exclude the presence in the step well, when the door is closed, of the door operating mechanism and other equipment attached to the inside of the door which does not form an extension of the floor on which passengers may stand. This mechanism and equipment should not be dangerous for the passengers. 7.6.4.6. If the direct view is not adequate, optical or other devices shall be installed to enable the driver to detect from his seat the presence of a passenger in the immediate interior and exterior vicinity of every side service door which is not an automatically-operated service door. In the case of double-deck vehicles of Class I, this requirement also applies to the interior of all service doors and to the immediate vicinity of each intercommunication staircase on the upper deck. In the case of a service door in the rear face of the vehicle not exceeding 22 passengers, this requirement is satisfied if the driver is able to detect the presence of a person 1,3 m tall standing 1 m behind the vehicle. Driving mirrors may be used to meet the requirements of this paragraph provided that the field of view required for driving is still met. In the case of doors situated behind the articulated section of an articulated vehicle, mirrors shall not be deemed to be a sufficient optical device. 7.6.4.7. Every door which opens towards the interior of the vehicle and its mechanism shall be so constructed that its movement is not likely to cause injury to passengers in normal conditions of use. Where necessary, appropriate protection devices shall be fitted. 7.6.4.8. If a service door is located adjacent to a door to a toilet or other internal compartment the service door shall be proofed against unintentional operation. However, this requirement shall not apply if the door is locked automatically when the vehicle is moving at a speed exceeding 5 km/h. 7.6.4.9. In the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers, the service doors of which are in the rear face of the vehicle, the leaves shall not be capable of being opened more than 115° nor less than 85° and, when open, shall be capable of being held automatically in that position. This does not preclude the ability to override that stop and open the door beyond that angle when it is safe to do so; for example, to enable reversing against a high platform for loading or to open the doors through 270° to allow a clear loading area behind the vehicle. 7.6.4.10. The service door in any open position shall not obstruct the use of, or required access to, any mandatory exit. 7.6.4.11. If an overnight locking system is provided, the following shall apply: 7.6.4.11.1. The locking system shall have been automatically deactivated when the ignition is in the ‘ON’ position, or 7.6.4.11.2. A warning shall be provided to the driver indicating that the overnight locking system remains in operation at one or more door(s) when the ignition is in the ‘ON’ position. One signal may be used for more than one door. 7.6.5. Additional technical requirements for power-operated service doors 7.6.5.1. In the event of an emergency, every power-operated service door shall be capable, when the vehicle is stationary or driving at a speed less than or equal to 3 km/h, of being opened from inside and, when not locked, from outside by controls which, whether or not the power supply is operating: 7.6.5.1.1. Override all other door controls; 7.6.5.1.2. In the case of interior controls, are placed on, or within 300 mm of, the door, at a height (except in the case of interior controls for the door referred to in Annex 8, paragraph 3.9.1) of not less than 1 000 mm above the first step; 7.6.5.1.3. Can be easily seen and clearly identified when approaching the door and when standing in front of the door and, if additional to the normal opening controls, be clearly marked for emergency use; 7.6.5.1.4. Can be operated by one person when standing immediately in front of the door; 7.6.5.1.5. May activate a starting prevention device; 7.6.5.1.6. Cause the door to open to a width that the gauge as defined in paragraph 7.7.1.1 below can pass through within 8 seconds after the operation of the control, or enable the door to be easily opened by hand to a width that the gauge as defined in paragraph 7.7.1.1 below can pass through within 8 seconds after the operation of the control; 7.6.5.1.7. May be protected by a device which can be easily removed or broken to gain access to the emergency control; the operation of the emergency control, or the removal of a protective cover over the control, shall be indicated to the driver both audibly and visually, and 7.6.5.1.8. In the case of a driver-operated door which does not comply with the requirements of paragraph 7.6.5.6.2 above, shall be such that after they have been operated to open the door and returned to their normal position, the door will not close again until the driver subsequently operates a closing control. 7.6.5.1.9. In the case of interior controls, shall be deactivated if the vehicle moves at a speed higher than 3 km/h. This requirement may be applied to exterior controls. 7.6.5.2. A device may be provided which is operated by the driver from the driving seat to deactivate the outside emergency controls in order to lock the service doors from outside. In this case, the outside emergency controls shall be reactivated automatically either by the starting of the engine or before the vehicle reaches a speed of 20 km/h. Subsequently, deactivation of the outside emergency controls shall not occur automatically, but shall require a further action by the driver. 7.6.5.3. Every driver-operated service door shall be capable of operation by the driver when in the driving seat using controls which, except in the case of a foot control, are clearly and distinctively marked. 7.6.5.4. Every power-operated service door shall activate a visual tell-tale, which shall be plainly visible to the driver when seated in the normal driving position in any normal ambient lighting condition, to warn that a door is not fully closed. This tell-tale shall signal whenever the rigid structure of the door is between the fully open position and a point 30 mm from the fully closed position. One tell-tale may serve for one or more doors. However, no such tell-tale shall be fitted in respect of a front service door which does not comply with the requirements of paragraphs 7.6.5.6.1.1 and 7.6.5.6.1.2 below. 7.6.5.5. Where controls are provided for the driver to open and close a power-operated service door, they shall be such that the driver is able to reverse the movement of the door at any time during the closing or opening process. 7.6.5.6. The construction and control system of every power-operated service door shall be such that a passenger is unlikely to be injured by the door or trapped in the door as it closes. 7.6.5.6.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if the following two requirements are met: 7.6.5.6.1.1. The first requirement is that when the closing of the door at any measuring point described in Annex 6 is resisted by a clamping force not exceeding 150 N, the door shall reopen automatically to its fullest extent and, except in the case of an automatically-operated service door, remain open until a closing control is operated. The clamping force may be measured by any method to the satisfaction of the Type Approval Authority. Guidelines are given in Annex 6 to this Regulation. The peak force may be higher than 150 N for a short time provided that it does not exceed 300 N. The reopening system may be checked by means of a test bar having a section of height 60 mm, width 30 mm with corners radiused to 5 mm. 7.6.5.6.1.2. The second requirement is that whenever the doors are closed onto the wrist or fingers of a passenger: 7.6.5.6.1.2.1. The door reopens automatically to its fullest extent and, except in the case of an automatically-operated service door, remains open until a closing control is operated, or 7.6.5.6.1.2.2. The wrist or fingers can be readily extracted from the doors without risk of injury to the passenger. This requirement may be checked by hand, or by means of the test bar mentioned in paragraph 7.6.5.6.1.1 above, tapered at one end over a length of 300 mm from a thickness of 30 mm to a thickness of 5 mm. It shall not be treated with polish nor lubricated. If the door traps the bar it shall be capable of being easily removed, or 7.6.5.6.1.2.3. The door is maintained at a position allowing the free passage of a test bar having a section of height 60 mm, width 20 mm, with corners radiused to 5 mm. This position shall not be more than 30 mm distant from the fully closed position. 7.6.5.6.2. In the case of a front service door the requirement of paragraph 7.6.5.6 above shall be considered satisfied if the door: 7.6.5.6.2.1. Fulfils the requirements of paragraphs 7.6.5.6.1.1 and 7.6.5.6.1.2 above, or 7.6.5.6.2.2. Is fitted with soft edges; these shall not, however be so soft that if the doors are closed on the test bar mentioned in paragraph 7.6.5.6.1.1 above the rigid structure of the doors will reach the fully closed position. 7.6.5.7. Where a power-operated service door is held closed only by the continued application of the power supply there shall be provided a visual warning device to inform the driver of any failure in the power supply to the doors. 7.6.5.8. A starting prevention device, if fitted, shall be effective only at speeds of less than 5 km/h and shall be incapable of operation above that speed. 7.6.5.9. If the vehicle is not fitted with a starting prevention device, an audible warning to the driver shall be activated if the vehicle is driven away from rest when any power-operated service door is not fully closed. This audible warning shall be activated at a speed exceeding 5 km/h for doors complying with the requirements of paragraph 7.6.5.6.1.2.3 above. 7.6.6. Additional technical requirements for automatically-operated service doors 7.6.6.1. Activation of the opening controls. 7.6.6.1.1. Except as provided in paragraph 7.6.5.1 above, the opening controls of every automatically-operated service door shall be capable of being activated and deactivated only by the driver from his seat. 7.6.6.1.2. Activation and deactivation may be either direct, by means of a switch, or indirect, for example by opening and closing the front service door. 7.6.6.1.3. Activation of the opening controls by the driver shall be indicated inside and, where a door is to be opened from outside, also on the outside of the vehicle; the indicator (e.g. illuminated push-button, illuminated sign) shall be on or adjacent to the door to which it relates. 7.6.6.1.4. In the case of direct actuation by means of a switch the functional state of the system shall be clearly indicated to the driver, by, for example, the position of the switch or an indicator lamp or an illuminated switch. The switch shall be specially marked and arranged in such a way that it cannot be confused with other controls. 7.6.6.2. Opening of automatically-operated service doors. 7.6.6.2.1. After activation of the opening controls by the driver it shall be possible for passengers to open the door as follows: 7.6.6.2.1.1. From inside, for example by pressing a push-button or passing a light barrier, and 7.6.6.2.1.2. From outside, except in the case of a door intended only as an exit and marked as such, by, for example, pressing an illuminated push-button, a push-button beneath an illuminated sign, or a similar device marked with a suitable instruction. 7.6.6.2.2. The pressing of the push-buttons mentioned in paragraph 7.6.6.2.1.1 above, and the use of the means of communication with the driver mentioned in paragraph 7.7.9.1 below, may send a signal which is stored and which, after the activation of the opening controls by the driver, effects the opening of the door. 7.6.6.3. Closing of automatically-operated service doors. 7.6.6.3.1. When an automatically-operated service door has opened it shall close again automatically after a time interval has elapsed. If a passenger enters or leaves the vehicle during this time interval, a safety device (e.g. a footboard contact, light barrier, one-way gate) shall ensure that the time until the door closes is sufficiently extended. 7.6.6.3.2. If the passenger enters or leaves the vehicle while the door is closing, the closing process shall be interrupted automatically and the door shall return to the open position. The reversal may be actuated by one of the safety devices referred to in paragraph 7.6.6.3.1 above or by any other device. 7.6.6.3.3. A door that has closed automatically in accordance with paragraph 7.6.6.3.1 above shall be capable of being opened again by a passenger in accordance with paragraph 7.6.6.2 below; this shall not apply if the driver has deactivated the opening controls. 7.6.6.3.4. After deactivation of the opening controls of the automatically-operated service doors by the driver, open doors shall close in accordance with paragraphs 7.6.6.3.1 and 7.6.6.3.2 above. 7.6.6.4. Inhibition of the automatic closing process on doors marked for special service, e.g. for passengers with prams, passengers with reduced mobility, etc. 7.6.6.4.1. The driver shall be able to inhibit the automatic closing process by actuation of a special control. A passenger shall also be able to inhibit the automatic closing process directly by pressing a special push-button. 7.6.6.4.2. The inhibition of the automatic closing process shall be indicated to the driver, e.g. by a visual tell-tale. 7.6.6.4.3. Re-establishment of the automatic closing process shall in any case be capable of being done by the driver. 7.6.6.4.4. Paragraph 7.6.6.3 above shall apply to the subsequent closing of the door. 7.6.7. Technical requirements for emergency doors 7.6.7.1. Emergency doors shall be capable of being easily opened from inside and from outside when the vehicle is stationary. However, this requirement shall not be construed as precluding the possibility of locking the door from the outside, provided that the door can always be opened from the inside by the use of the normal opening mechanism. 7.6.7.2. Emergency doors, during their use as such, shall not be of the power-operated type unless, once either a service door control prescribed in paragraph 7.6.5.1 above, or a control for a dedicated emergency door complying with the provisions of paragraph 7.6.5.1 has been actuated and returned to its normal position, the doors do not close again until the driver subsequently operates a closing control. Activation of one of the controls prescribed in paragraph 7.6.5.1 above shall cause the door to open to a width that the gauge as defined in paragraph 7.7.2.1 below can pass through within a maximum of 8 seconds after the operation of the control, or enable the door to be easily opened by hand to a width that the gauge can pass through within a maximum of 8 seconds after the operation of the control. In addition emergency doors shall not be of the sliding type except in the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers. For these vehicles a sliding door, which has been shown to be capable of being opened without the use of tools after a frontal barrier collision test in accordance with Regulation No 33, can be accepted as an emergency door. 7.6.7.3. Every control or device for opening an emergency door (on the lower deck in the case of a double-deck vehicle) from the outside shall be between 1 000 mm and 1 500 mm from the ground and not more than 500 mm from the door. In vehicles of Classes I, II and III every control or device for opening an emergency door from the inside shall be between 1 000 mm and 1 500 mm from the upper surface of the floor or step nearest to the control and be not more than 500 mm from the door. This shall not apply to controls located within the driver's area. Alternatively, the control referred to in paragraph 7.6.7.2 above for opening a power-operated door may be placed according to paragraph 7.6.5.1.2 above. 7.6.7.4. Hinged emergency doors fitted to the side of the vehicle shall be hinged at their forward edge and shall open outwards. Check straps, chains or other restraining devices shall be permitted, provided that they do not prevent the door from opening to, and remaining open at, an angle of at least 100 degrees. If a means is provided sufficient to give free passage to the emergency door access gauge, the 100 degrees minimum angle requirement shall not apply. 7.6.7.5. Emergency doors shall be proofed against unintentional operation. However, this requirement shall not apply if the emergency door is locked automatically when the vehicle is moving at a speed exceeding 5 km/h. 7.6.7.6. All emergency doors shall be provided with an audible device to warn the driver when they are not securely closed. The warning device shall be operated by movement of the door catch or handle and not by movement of the door itself. 7.6.7.7. If an overnight locking system is provided, the following shall apply: 7.6.7.7.1. The locking system shall have been automatically deactivated when the ignition is in the ‘ON’ position, or 7.6.7.7.2. A warning shall be provided to the driver indicating that the overnight locking system remains in operation at one or more door(s) when the ignition is in the ‘ON’ position. One signal may be used for more than one door. 7.6.8. Technical requirements for emergency windows. 7.6.8.1. Every hinged or ejectable emergency window shall open outwards. Ejectable types shall not become totally detached from the vehicle when operated. The operation of ejectable windows shall be such that inadvertent ejection is effectively prevented. 7.6.8.2. Every emergency window shall either: 7.6.8.2.1. Be capable of being easily and instantaneously operated from inside and from outside the vehicle by means of a device recognised as satisfactory. This provision includes the possibility of using e.g. panes of laminated glass or plastic material, or 7.6.8.2.2. Be made of readily-breakable safety glass. This latter provision precludes the possibility of using panes of laminated glass or of plastic material. A device shall be provided adjacent to each emergency window, readily available to persons inside the vehicle, to ensure that each window can be broken. The device for breaking the glass for the emergency windows at the rear of the vehicle shall be positioned either centrally above or below the emergency window or, alternatively, a device shall be positioned adjacent to each end of the window. 7.6.8.3. Every emergency window which can be locked from the outside shall be so constructed as to be capable of being opened at all times from inside the vehicle. 7.6.8.4. If the emergency window is of a type horizontally hinged at the top edge, an appropriate device shall be provided to hold it fully open. Every hinged emergency window shall operate so as not to obstruct clear passage from inside or outside the vehicle. 7.6.8.5. The height of the lower edge of an emergency window fitted in the side of the vehicle from the general level of the floor immediately below it (excluding any local variations such as the presence of a wheel or transmission housing) shall be not more than 1 200 mm nor less than 650 mm in the case of a hinged emergency window, or 500 mm in the case of a window made of breakable glass. However, in the case of a hinged emergency window, the height of the lower edge may be reduced to a minimum of 500 mm provided that the window aperture is equipped with a guard up to a height of 650 mm to prevent the possibility of passengers falling out of the vehicle. Where the window aperture is equipped with a guard, the size of the window aperture above the guard shall not be less than the minimum size prescribed for an emergency window. 7.6.8.6. Every hinged emergency window which is not clearly visible from the driver's seat shall be fitted with an audible warning device to warn the driver when it is not completely closed. The window lock, and not the movement of the window itself, shall actuate this device. 7.6.9. Technical requirements for escape hatches. 7.6.9.1. Every escape hatch shall operate so as not to obstruct the clear passage from inside or outside the vehicle. 7.6.9.2. Roof escape hatches shall be ejectable, hinged or made of readily-breakable safety glass. Floor hatches shall be either hinged or ejectable and shall be fitted with an audible warning device to warn the driver when it is not securely closed. The floor escape hatch lock, and not the movement of the hatch itself, shall actuate this device. Floor escape hatches shall be proofed against unintentional operation. However this requirement shall not apply if the floor hatch is locked automatically when the vehicle is moving at a speed exceeding 5 km/h. 7.6.9.3. Ejectable types shall not become totally detached from the vehicle when operated such that the hatch is not a danger to other road users. The operation of ejectable escape hatches shall be such that inadvertent operation is effectively prevented. Floor ejectable hatches shall eject only into the passenger compartment. 7.6.9.4. Hinged escape hatches shall hinge along the edge towards the front or rear of the vehicle and shall hinge through an angle of at least 100 degrees. Hinged floor escape hatches shall hinge into the passenger compartment. 7.6.9.5. Escape hatches shall be capable of being easily opened or removed from the inside and from the outside. However, this requirement shall not be construed as precluding the possibility of locking the escape hatch for the purpose of securing the vehicle when unattended, provided that the escape hatch can always be opened or removed from the inside by the use of the normal opening or removal mechanism. In the case of a readily-breakable hatch, a device shall be provided adjacent to the hatch, readily available to persons inside the vehicle, to ensure that the hatch can be broken. 7.6.10. Technical requirements for retractable steps Retractable steps if fitted shall comply with the following requirements: 7.6.10.1. The operation of retractable steps may be synchronised with that of the corresponding service or emergency door; 7.6.10.2. When the door is closed no part of the retractable step shall project more than 10 mm beyond the adjacent line of the body work; 7.6.10.3. When the door is open and the retractable step is in the extended position, the surface area shall conform to the requirements of paragraph 7.7.7 of this annex; 7.6.10.4. In the case of a power-operated step, it shall not be possible for the vehicle to move from rest, under its own power, when the step is in the extended position. In the case of a manually operated step, an audible indication shall alert the driver when the step is not fully retracted. 7.6.10.5. A power-operated step shall not be capable of being extended when the vehicle is in motion. If the device to operate the step fails, the step shall retract and remain in the retracted position. However, the operation of the corresponding door shall not be hindered in the event of such a failure or by the step being damaged or obstructed. 7.6.10.6. When a passenger is standing on a power-operated retractable step, the corresponding door shall be incapable of being closed. Compliance with this requirement shall be checked by placing a mass of 15 kg, representing a small child, at the centre of the step. This requirement shall not apply to any door within the driver's direct field of view. 7.6.10.7. (Reserved) 7.6.10.8. The corners of retractable steps facing forwards or rearwards shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 5 mm; the edges shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 2,5 mm; 7.6.10.9. When the passenger door is open, the retractable step shall be securely held in the extended position. When a mass of 136 kg is placed in the centre of a single step or a mass of 272 kg is placed in the centre of a double step the deflection at any point on the step, measured relative to the body of vehicle, shall not exceed 10 mm. 7.6.11. Safety signs 7.6.11.1. All safety signs shall comply with requirements contained in paragraph 6.5 of ISO standard 3864-1:2011. 7.6.11.2. Each safety sign required by this Regulation shall be used to communicate only one safety message. The information provided shall be in the form of pictograms, however, words, letters and numbers may supplement the pictogram in combination on the same sign. It shall be located and orientated so as to be easily understood. 7.6.11.2.1. Safety signs shall follow the principles shown in the example layouts below, i.e. a header section depicting the safety message, a second section containing instructional information and a third, optional, footer section for non-critical text. 7.6.11.2.2. Pictograms indicating required actions by the user shall show a person, or the relevant part of a person, operating the equipment or device. 7.6.11.2.3. Pictograms indicating a required movement shall, where appropriate, show an arrow pointing in the direction of motion. Where a rotational movement is required, a curved arrow shall be used. 7.6.11.2.4. Where devices are to be operated, panels removed or doors opened, the pictogram shall indicate the action in progress. 7.6.11.2.5. The lower case letter(s) of supplementary words, single letters and numbers shall have a minimum height of 8 mm. Words shall not be in upper case letters only. 7.6.11.3. All safety signs that are visible from the inside of the vehicle shall be of photo-luminescent material having luminance decay characteristics conforming, as a minimum, to sub-classification C in Table 2 of ISO Standard 17398:2004, when measured in accordance with paragraph 7.11 of that standard. 7.6.11.4. Safety signs shall not be located in positions where they may be obscured during operation of the vehicle. However, a curtain or blind may be positioned over an emergency window provided an additional safety sign indicates that the emergency window is located behind the curtain or blind. 7.6.11.5. Each emergency exit, and any other exit that meets the prescriptions for an emergency exit, shall be marked by one of the relevant pictograms described in Table 3 of ISO Standard 7010:2011; pictograms shall be legible from both the inside and the outside of the vehicle. 7.6.11.6. Safety signs shall be positioned adjacent to, or surround, or be on, all internal and external emergency controls and device(s) for breaking emergency window(s). 7.6.11.7. No part of a safety sign shall obscure any misuse protection that may be present, e.g. a cover. 7.6.11.8. The language in which any textual safety sign intended to comply with paragraphs 7.6.11.1 to 7.6.11.7 above are to be inscribed shall be determined by the approving authority bearing in mind the country/countries in which the applicant intends to market the vehicle in liaison if necessary with the competent authorities of the country/countries concerned. If the authority of the country/countries where the vehicle is to be registered has the language changed, this change shall imply no new type-approval process. 7.6.12. Service-door lighting 7.6.12.1. Service-door lighting may be provided to illuminate the flat, horizontal portion of the ground defined in paragraph 7.6.12.2.2 below so as to aid passengers boarding and alighting the vehicle and to enable the presence of a passenger within this portion of the ground to be detected by the driver from his seat. 7.6.12.2. Service-door lighting, if fitted, shall: 7.6.12.2.1. Be of white colour; 7.6.12.2.2. Illuminate a flat, horizontal portion of the ground having a width of 2 m measured from a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle which passes through the outermost point of the closed service door and over a length extending from a transverse plane which passes through the foremost edge of the closed service door to a transverse plane passing through the centre line of the foremost wheels situated to the rear of the service door, or, in the case where there are no such wheels, to a transverse plane passing through the rear of the vehicle; 7.6.12.2.3. Have limited dazzle outside a zone on the ground having a maximum width of 5 m measured from the side of the vehicle and a maximum length limited by a transverse plane passing through the front of the vehicle and a transverse plane passing through the rear of the vehicle; 7.6.12.2.4. If the lower edge of the lighting device is less than 2 m from the ground, not project more than 50 mm beyond the overall width of the vehicle measured without this device and have radii of curvature of not less than 2,5 mm; 7.6.12.2.5. Be activated and deactivated manually by a separate switch; and 7.6.12.2.6. Be installed so that the device can only be switched on when a service door is operated and the vehicle speed does not exceed 5 km/h and is switched off automatically before the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 5 km/h. 7.7. Interior arrangements 7.7.1. Access to service doors (see Annex 4, Figure l) 7.7.1.1. The free space extending inwards into the vehicle from the side wall in which the door is mounted shall permit the free passage of one test gauge having the dimensions of either test gauge 1 or test gauge 2 specified in Annex 4, Figure 1. The test gauge shall be maintained parallel with the door aperture as it is moved from the starting position, where the plane of the face nearest to the interior of the vehicle is tangential to the outermost edge of the aperture, to the position where it touches the first step, after which it shall be kept at right angles to the probable direction of motion of a person using the entrance. 7.7.1.2. (Reserved). 7.7.1.3. When the centre line of this test gauge has traversed a distance of 300 mm from its starting position and the test gauge is touching the surface of the step or floor, it shall be retained in that position. 7.7.1.4. The cylindrical figure (see Annex 4, Figure 6) used for testing the gangway clearance shall then be moved starting from the gangway, in the probable direction of motion of a person leaving the vehicle, until its centre line has reached the vertical plane which contains the top edge of the uppermost step, or until a plane tangential to the upper cylinder touches the dual panel, whichever occurs first, and retained in that position (see Annex 4, Figure 2). 7.7.1.5. Between the cylindrical figure, at the position set out in paragraph 7.7.1.4, and the dual panel, at the position set out in paragraph 7.7.1.3 above, there shall be a free space whose upper and lower limits are shown in Annex 4, Figure 2. This free space shall permit the free passage of a vertical panel whose form and dimensions are the same as the cylindrical form (paragraph 7.7.5.1 below), central section and a thickness of no more than 20 mm. This panel shall be moved, from the cylindrical form tangential position, until its external side is in contact with the dual panel interior side, touching the plane or planes defined by the step upper edges, in the probable direction of motion of a person using the entrance (see Annex 4, Figure 2). 7.7.1.6. The free passage clearance for this figure shall not include any space extending to 300 mm in front of any uncompressed seat cushion of a forward or rearward facing seat, or 225 mm in the case of sideways-facing seats and to the height of the top of the seat cushion (see Annex 4, Figure 25). 7.7.1.7. In the case of folding seats, this space shall be determined with the seat in the position of use. 7.7.1.8. However, one or more folding seat(s) for use by the crew may obstruct the access passage to a service door when in the position of use provided that: 7.7.1.8.1. It is clearly indicated, both in the vehicle itself and on the communication form (see Annex 1), that the seat is for the use of crew only; 7.7.1.8.2. When the seat is not in use it folds automatically as necessary to enable the requirements of paragraphs 7.7.1.1 or 7.7.1.2 and 7.7.1.3, 7.7.1.4 and 7.7.1.5 of this annex to be met; 7.7.1.8.3. The door is not considered to be a mandatory exit for the purpose of paragraph 7.6.1.4 of this annex; 7.7.1.8.4. When the seat is in the position of use, and when it is in the folded position, no part of it shall be: (a) Forward of a vertical plane passing through the centre of the seating surface of the driver's seat in its rearmost and lowest position and through the centre of the exterior rear-view mirror mounted on the opposite side of the vehicle or through the centre of any monitor used as device for indirect vision, whatever applicable, and (b) Above a horizontal plane which is located 300 mm above the centre of the seating surface of the driver's seat in its rearmost and lowest position. 7.7.1.9. In the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers a doorway and the route by which passengers gain access to it shall be considered unobstructed if they have: 7.7.1.9.1. Measured parallel with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, there is a clearance of not less than 220 mm at any point and 550 mm at any point being more than 500 mm above the floor or steps (Annex 4, Figure 3). 7.7.1.9.2. Measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, there is a clearance of not less than 300 mm at any point and 550 mm at any point being more than 1 200 mm above the floor or steps or less than 300 mm below the ceiling (Annex 4, Figure 4). 7.7.1.10. The service door and emergency door dimensions in paragraph 7.6.3.1 and the requirements of paragraphs 7.7.1.1 to 7.7.1.7, 7.7.2.1 to 7.7.2.3, 7.7.5.1 and 7.7.8.5 of this annex shall not apply to a vehicle of class B with a technically permissible maximum mass not exceeding 3,5 tonnes and up to 12 passenger seats in which each seat has unobstructed access to at least two doors. 7.7.1.11. The maximum slope of the floor in the access passage shall not exceed 5 per cent. 7.7.1.12. The surface of access passages shall be slip-resistant. 7.7.2. Access to emergency doors (see Annex 4, Figure 5) The following requirements shall not apply to driver's doors used as emergency exits in vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers. 7.7.2.1. Except as provided for in paragraph 7.7.2.4 below, the free space between the gangway and the emergency door aperture shall permit the free passage of a vertical cylinder 300 mm in diameter and 700 mm high from the floor and supporting a second vertical cylinder 550 mm in diameter, the aggregate height of the assembly being 1 400 mm. The diameter of the upper cylinder may be reduced at the top to 400 mm when a chamfer not exceeding 30 degrees from the horizontal is included. 7.7.2.2. The base of the first cylinder shall be within the projection of the second cylinder. 7.7.2.3. Where folding seats are installed alongside this passage, the free space for the cylinder shall be required to be determined when the seat is in the position for use. 7.7.2.4. As an alternative to the dual cylinder, the gauging device described in paragraph 7.7.5.1 below may be used (see Annex 4, Figure 6). 7.7.3. Access to emergency windows 7.7.3.1. It shall be possible to move a test gauge from the gangway to the exterior of the vehicle through every emergency window. 7.7.3.2. The direction of motion of the test gauge shall be in the direction in which a passenger evacuating the vehicle would be expected to move. The test gauge shall be kept perpendicular to that direction of motion and shall not meet any obstacle. 7.7.3.3. The test gauge shall be in the form of a thin plate having a size of 600 mm × 400 mm with corners radiused by 200 mm. However, in the case of an emergency window in the rear face of the vehicle, the test gauge may alternatively have a size of 1 400 mm × 350 mm with corners radiused by 175 mm. 7.7.4. Access to escape hatches 7.7.4.1. Escape hatches in the roof 7.7.4.1.1. Except in the case of Class I and A vehicles, at least one escape hatch shall be located such that a four-sided truncated pyramid having a side angle of 20 degrees and a height of 1 600 mm touches part of a seat or equivalent support. The axis of the pyramid shall be vertical and its smaller section shall contact the aperture area of the escape hatch. Supports may be foldable or movable provided they can be locked in their position of use. This position shall be taken for verification. 7.7.4.1.2. When the structural thickness of the roof is more than 150 mm, the smaller section of the pyramid shall contact the aperture area of the escape hatch at the level of the outside surface of the roof. 7.7.4.2. Escape hatches in the floor. In the case of an escape hatch fitted in the floor, the hatch shall give direct and free access to the exterior of the vehicle and be fitted where there is a clear space above the hatch equivalent to the height of the gangway. Any heat source or moving components shall be at least 500 mm from any part of the hatch aperture. It shall be possible to move a test gauge in the form of a thin plate having dimensions 600 mm × 400 mm with corners radiused by 200 mm in a horizontal position from a height above the floor of the vehicle of 1 m to the ground. 7.7.5. Gangways (see Annex 4, Figure 6) 7.7.5.1. The gangway(s) of a vehicle shall be so designed and constructed as to permit the free passage of a gauging device consisting of two co-axial cylinders with an inverted truncated cone interposed between them, the gauging device having the dimensions shown in Annex 4, Figure 6. The gauging device may come into contact with strap hangers, if fitted, or other flexible objects such as seat belt components and move them easily away. In vehicles of Classes I and A, the gauging device according to Annex 4, Figure 6 shall not come into contact with any monitor or display device mounted from the ceiling above the gangway. In vehicles of Classes II, III and B, the gauging device according to Annex 4, Figure 6 may come into contact with any monitor or display device mounted from the ceiling above the gangway. The maximum force necessary to move any such monitor or display device out of the way, in both directions, shall not exceed 35 Newton. This maximum force shall be applied normal to the middle of the lower edge of the monitor or display device in both directions in turn until the monitor or display device has reached a position which allows clear passage of the gauging device. After being moved out of the way, the monitor or display device shall maintain its position and not automatically redeploy. If a vehicle of Class I, II or A is fitted with a barrier, the gauging device according to Annex 4, Figure 6, may come into contact with the barrier provided that the maximum force necessary to move such barrier out of the way does not exceed 50 Newton measured at the point of contact between the gauging device according to Annex 4, Figure 6 and the barrier and applied perpendicular to the barrier. The maximum force shall apply to both directions of movement of the gauging device. If the vehicle is equipped with a lift adjacent to the barrier, the barrier may be temporarily blocked during the operation of the lift. 7.7.5.1.1. If there is no exit forward of a seat or row of seats 7.7.5.1.1.1. In the case of forward-facing seats, the front edge of the cylindrical gauge defined in paragraph 7.7.5.1 above shall reach at least until the transverse vertical plane tangential to the foremost point of the foremost front row seat back and be retained in that position. From this plane, it shall be possible to move the panel shown in Annex 4, Figure 7, in such a way that starting from the contact position with the cylindrical gauge, the panel side facing the exterior of the vehicle is displaced forwards a distance of 660 mm. 7.7.5.1.1.2. In the case of sideways facing seats, the forward part of the cylindrical gauge shall reach at least the transversal plane which coincides with a vertical plane passing through the centre of the forward seat (Annex 4, Figure 7). 7.7.5.1.1.3. In the case of rearward facing seats, the forward part of the cylindrical gauge shall reach at least the transverse vertical plane tangential to the face of the seat cushions of the forward row or seat (Annex 4, Figure 7). 7.7.5.2. (Reserved) 7.7.5.3. On vehicles of Class III the seats on one side or on both sides of the gangway may be movable laterally, it being then possible to reduce the width of the gangway to a figure corresponding to a lower cylinder diameter of 220 mm, on condition that the operation of a control on each seat, readily accessible to a person standing in the gangway, shall be sufficient to cause the seat to return easily and, if possible, automatically, even when it is loaded, to the position corresponding to a minimum width of 300 mm. 7.7.5.4. On articulated vehicles, the gauging device defined in paragraph 7.7.5.1 above shall be able to pass unobstructed through the articulated section on any deck where the two sections permit through passage by passengers. No part of the soft covering of that section, including parts of bellows, shall project into the gangway. 7.7.5.5. Steps may be fitted in the gangways. The width of such steps shall not be less than the width of the gangway at the top of the steps. 7.7.5.6. Folding seats allowing passengers to sit in the gangway shall not be permitted. Folding seats shall, however, be permitted in other areas of the vehicle so long as they do not obstruct the passage down the gangway of the gangway test gauge when in the open (seating) position. 7.7.5.7. Laterally-sliding seats which in one position encroach on the gangway shall not be permitted except on vehicles of Class III and subject to the conditions prescribed in paragraph 7.7.5.3 above. 7.7.5.8. In the case of vehicles to which paragraph 7.7.1.9 of this annex applies, a gangway shall not be necessary provided the access dimensions specified in that paragraph are respected. 7.7.5.9. The surface of gangways shall be slip-resistant. 7.7.6. Slope of gangway The slope of the gangway shall not exceed: 7.7.6.1. In the longitudinal direction: 7.7.6.1.1. Eight per cent in the case of a vehicle of Class I, II or A, or 7.7.6.1.2. 12,5 per cent in the case of a vehicle of Classes III and B, and 7.7.6.2. In the transversal direction, 5 per cent for all classes. 7.7.7. Steps (see Annex 4, Figure 8) 7.7.7.1. The maximum and minimum height, and the minimum depth, of steps for passengers at service and emergency doors, and within the vehicle, are specified in Annex 4, Figure 8. 7.7.7.1.1. Any transition from a sunken gangway to a seating area shall not be considered to be a step. However, the vertical distance between the gangway surface and the floor of the seating area shall not exceed 350 mm. 7.7.7.2. The height of a step shall be measured at the centre of its width at the outer edge, the tyre equipment and pressure being as specified by the manufacturer for the technically permissible maximum laden mass (M). 7.7.7.3. The height of the first step in relation to the ground shall be measured with the vehicle on level ground, at its mass in running order as defined in paragraph 2.18 of this Regulation, and the tyre equipment and pressure being as specified by the manufacturer for the technically permissible maximum laden mass (M) declared in accordance with paragraph 2.19 of this Regulation. 7.7.7.4. Where there is more than one step, each step may extend into the area of the vertical projection of the next step by up to 100 mm and the projection over the tread below shall leave a free surface of at least 200 mm (see Annex 4, Figure 8) with all step nosings being designed such as to minimise the risk of tripping. All step nosings shall contrast visually with their immediate surroundings. 7.7.7.5. The width and shape of every step shall be such that a rectangle as indicated in the table below can be placed on that step with not more than 5 per cent of the area of the appropriate rectangle overhanging the step. At a double doorway each half of the doorway shall fulfil this requirement.



Number of passengers > 22 ≤ 22 Area First step (mm) 400 × 300 400 × 200 Other steps (mm) 400 × 200 400 × 200 7.7.7.6. All steps shall have a slip-resistant surface. 7.7.7.7. The maximum slope of the step in any direction shall not exceed 5 per cent. 7.7.8. Passenger seats (including folding seats) and space for seated passengers 7.7.8.1. Minimum seat width (see Annex 4, Figure 9) 7.7.8.1.1. The minimum width of the seat cushion, dimension ‘F’ (Annex 4, Figure 9), measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of that seating position, shall be: 7.7.8.1.1.1. 200 mm in the case of Class I, II, A or B; or 7.7.8.1.1.2. 225 mm in the case of Class III. 7.7.8.1.2. The minimum width of the available space for each seating position, dimension ‘G’ (Annex 4, Figure 9), measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of that seating position at height between 270 mm and 650 mm above the uncompressed seat cushion, shall be not less than: 7.7.8.1.2.1. 250 mm in the case of individual seats; or 7.7.8.1.2.2. 225 mm in the case of continuous rows of seats for two or more passengers. 7.7.8.1.3. For vehicles not exceeding a width of 2.35 m: 7.7.8.1.3.1. The width of the available space for each seating position, measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of that seating position at heights between 270 mm and 650 mm above the uncompressed seat cushion, shall be 200 mm (see Annex 4, Figure 9A). In case of compliance with this paragraph the requirements of paragraph 7.7.8.1.2 above shall not apply; and 7.7.8.1.3.2. In the case of vehicles of Class III, the minimum width of the seat cushion, dimension ‘F’ (Annex 4, Figure 9A), measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of that seating position, shall be a minimum of 200 mm. In case of compliance with this paragraph the requirements of paragraph 7.7.8.1.1.2 above shall not apply. 7.7.8.1.4. For vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers, in the case of seats adjacent to the wall of the vehicle, the available space does not include, in its upper part, a triangular area 20 mm wide by 100 mm high (see Annex 4, Figure 10). In addition, the space needed for safety belts and their anchorages and for the sun visor should be considered as exempted. 7.7.8.1.5. In measuring the gangway width, no account shall be taken of whether or not the available space defined above protrudes into the gangway. 7.7.8.2. Minimum depth of seat cushion (dimension K, see Annex 4, Figure 11) The minimum depth of a seat cushion shall be: 7.7.8.2.1. 350 mm in vehicles of Class I, A or B, and 7.7.8.2.2. 400 mm in vehicles of Class II or Class III. 7.7.8.3. Height of seat cushion (dimension H, see Annex 4, Figure 11a) The height of the uncompressed seat cushion relative to the floor shall be such that the distance from the floor to a horizontal plane tangential to the front upper surface of the seat cushion is between 400 mm and 500 mm: this height may however be reduced to not less than 350 mm at the wheel arches (taking into account the allowances permitted in paragraph 7.7.8.5.2 below) and at the engine/transmission compartment. 7.7.8.4. Seat spacing (see Annex 4, Figures 12A and 12B) 7.7.8.4.1. In the case of seats facing in the same direction, the distance between the front of a seat squab and the back of the squab of the seat preceding it (dimension H), shall, when measured horizontally, parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and at all heights above the floor between the level of the top surface of the seat cushion and a point 620 mm above the floor, not be less than:



H Classes I, A and B 650 mm Classes II and III 680 mm 7.7.8.4.2. All measurements shall be taken, with the seat cushion and squab uncompressed using the testing gauge shown in Annex 4, Figure 12B. 7.7.8.4.3. Where transverse seats face one another the minimum distance between the front faces of the seat squabs of facing seats, as measured across the highest points of the seat cushions, shall be not less than 1 300 mm. 7.7.8.4.4. Measurements shall be taken with reclining passenger seats and adjustable driving seats with their seat backs and other seat adjustments in the normal position of use specified by the manufacturer. 7.7.8.4.5. Measurements shall be taken with any folding table fitted to a seat back in the folded (stowed) position. 7.7.8.4.6. Seats which are mounted on a track or other system which permits the operator or the user to easily vary the interior configuration of the vehicle shall be measured in the normal position of use specified by the manufacturer in the application for approval. 7.7.8.5. Space for seated passengers (see Annex 4, Figure 13) 7.7.8.5.1. For a seat behind a partition or other rigid structure other than a seat, a minimum clear space in front of each required passenger seating space (as defined in paragraph 7.7.8.6 below) shall be provided as shown in Annex 4, Figure 13. A partition whose contour corresponds approximately to that of the inclined seat back may intrude into this space. In the case of seats alongside the driver's seat in vehicles of Class A or B, intrusion of the dashboard, instrument panel, gear change control, windscreen, sun visor, seat belts and seat belt anchorages shall be allowed. 7.7.8.5.2. For a seat behind a seat and/or a seat facing the gangway, a minimum clear foot space of at least 300 mm depth and a width according to paragraph 7.7.8.1.1 of this annex, shall be provided as shown in Annex 4, Figure 11b. The local presence in this space of seat legs, passenger footrests and of intrusions as provided by paragraph 7.7.8.6 below shall be permitted provided that adequate space remains for the passengers' feet. This foot space may partly be situated in and/or above the gangway but shall not create any obstruction when measuring the minimum gangway-width in accordance with paragraph 7.7.5. In the case of seats alongside the driver's seat in vehicles of Class A or B, intrusion of the seat belts and seat belt anchorages shall be allowed. 7.7.8.5.3. The minimum number of priority seats complying with the requirements of Annex 8, paragraph 3.2 shall be four in Class I, two in Class II and one in Class A. In the case of vehicles of Class III or Class B subject to the requirements of Annex 8, the minimum number of priority seats shall be two in Class III and one in Class B. A seat that folds out of the way when not in use shall not be designated as a priority seat. 7.7.8.6. Free height over seating positions 7.7.8.6.1. In the case of single-deck vehicles, over each seating position and, except in the case of the seat(s) alongside the driver in a vehicle of Class A or B, its associated foot space, there shall be measured a free space with a height of not less than 900 mm measured from the highest point of the uncompressed seat cushion and at least 1 350 mm from the mean level of the floor in the foot space. In the case of vehicles to which paragraph 7.7.1.10 of this annex applies, and also for the seat(s) alongside the driver in a vehicle of Class A or B, these dimensions may be reduced to 1 200 mm measured from the floor and 800 mm measured from the highest point of the uncompressed seat cushion. In the case of double-deck vehicles, each seating position shall have a free height of not less than 900 mm measured from the highest point of the uncompressed seat cushion. In the case of the upper deck, this free height may be reduced to 850 mm. 7.7.8.6.2. This free space shall be extended over the zone defined: 7.7.8.6.2.1. By longitudinal vertical planes 200 mm either side of the median vertical plane of the seating position, and 7.7.8.6.2.2. By a transverse vertical plane through the rearmost upper point of the seat back and by a transverse vertical plane 280 mm in front of the foremost point of the uncompressed seat cushion, measured in each case at the median vertical plane of the seating position. 7.7.8.6.3. From the edges of the free space defined by paragraphs 7.7.8.6.1 and 7.7.8.6.2 above, the following zones may be excluded: 7.7.8.6.3.1. In the case of the upper part of the outboard seats, adjacent to the inner wall of the vehicle, a zone with a rectangular cross-section 150 mm in height and 100 mm in width (see Annex 4, Figure 14). 7.7.8.6.3.2. In the case of the upper part of the outboard seating position, a zone with triangular cross-section whose apex is situated 700 mm from the top and whose base is 100 mm in width (see Annex 4, Figure 15). The space needed for safety belts and their anchorages and for the sun visor is also excluded; 7.7.8.6.3.3. In the case of the foot well of an outboard seating position, a zone of a cross-sectional area not exceeding, 0,02 m2 (0,03 m2 for low-floor vehicles) and having a maximum width not exceeding 100 mm (150 mm for low-floor vehicles) (see Annex 4, Figure 16). 7.7.8.6.3.4. In the case of a vehicle for up to 22 passengers, in the case of the seating places nearest to the rear corners of the body, the outer rear edge of the free space, viewed in plan, may be rounded to a radius not exceeding 150 mm (see Annex 4, Figure 17). 7.7.8.6.4. In the free space defined by paragraphs 7.7.8.6.1, 7.7.8.6.2 and 7.7.8.6.3 above, the following additional intrusions shall be permitted: 7.7.8.6.4.1. Intrusion of the back of another seat, its supports and its attachments (e.g. folding table); 7.7.8.6.4.2. In the case of a vehicle for up to 22 passengers, intrusion of a wheel arch provided that one of the following two conditions is fulfilled: 7.7.8.6.4.2.1. The intrusion does not extend beyond the median vertical plane of the seating position (see Annex 4, Figure 18), or 7.7.8.6.4.2.2. The nearest edge of the area 300 mm in depth available for the feet of the seated passenger is advanced no more than 200 mm from the edge of the uncompressed seat cushion and to not more than 600 mm in front of the squab of the seat, these measurements being made in the median vertical plane of the seating position (see Annex 4, Figure 19). In the case of two seats facing each other this provision shall apply to only one of the seats and the remaining space for the feet of seated passengers shall be at least 400 mm. 7.7.8.6.4.3. In the case of seats alongside the driver's seat in vehicles with up to 22 passengers, intrusion of the dashboard/instrument panel, windscreen, sun visors, seat belts, seat belt anchorages and front dome. 7.7.8.6.4.4. Intrusion of hopper type windows when open and their fittings. 7.7.9. Communication with the driver 7.7.9.1. On vehicles of Classes I, II and A, a means shall be provided to enable passengers to signal that the driver should stop the vehicle. The controls for all such communication devices shall be capable of being operated with the palm of the hand. There shall be appropriate communication devices distributed adequately and evenly throughout the vehicle and no more than 1 500 mm from the floor; this does not exclude the possibility of installing higher additional communication devices. Controls shall contrast visually with their immediate surroundings. Activation of the control shall also be indicated to the passengers by means of one or more illuminated signs. The sign shall display the words ‘bus stopping’ or equivalent, and/or a suitable pictogram and shall remain illuminated until the service door(s) open. Articulated vehicles shall have such signs in each rigid section of the vehicle. Double-deck vehicles shall have them on each deck. The provisions of paragraph 7.6.11.8 of this annex apply to any textual markings used. 7.7.9.2. Communication with the crew compartment If a crew compartment is fitted without access to the driver or passenger compartments, a means of communication between the driver and this crew compartment shall be provided. 7.7.9.3. Communication with the toilet compartment Toilet compartments shall be fitted with a means of summoning assistance in an emergency. 7.7.10. Hot-drink machines and cooking equipment 7.7.10.1. Hot-drink machines and cooking equipment shall be so installed or guarded that no hot food or drink is likely to be spilled on any passenger due to emergency braking or cornering forces. 7.7.10.2. On vehicles fitted with hot-drink machines or cooking equipment, all passenger seats shall have adequate provision for setting down hot food or drink whilst the vehicle is in motion. 7.7.11. Doors to interior compartments Every door to a toilet or other interior compartment: 7.7.11.1. Shall be self-closing, and shall not be fitted with any device to hold it open if, when open, it could obstruct passengers in an emergency; 7.7.11.2. Shall, when open, not conceal any handle, control device for opening or obligatory marking associated with any service door, emergency door, emergency exit, fire extinguisher or first aid kit; 7.7.11.3. Shall be provided with a means to enable the door to be opened from outside the compartment in an emergency; 7.7.11.4. Shall not be capable of being locked from the outside unless it can always be opened from the inside. 7.7.12. Intercommunication staircase of a double-deck vehicle (see Annex 4, Figure 1). 7.7.12.1. The minimum width of any intercommunication staircase shall be so designed as to permit the free passage of the single door access template as defined in Figure 1 of Annex 4. The panel shall be moved starting from the gangway of the lower deck up to the last step, in the probable direction of motion of a person using the staircase. 7.7.12.2. Intercommunication staircases shall be so designed, that, during heavy braking of the vehicle moving in the forward direction, there is no danger of a passenger being projected downwards. This requirement is considered to be fulfilled if at least one of the following conditions is met: 7.7.12.2.1. No part of the staircase is forward descending; 7.7.12.2.2. The staircase is equipped with guards or a similar provision; 7.7.12.2.3. There is an automatic device in the upper part of the staircase which prevents the use of the staircase when the vehicle is in motion; this device shall be easily operable in an emergency. 7.7.12.3. It shall be verified, by use of the cylinder of paragraph 7.7.5.1 of this annex, that access conditions from the gangways (upper and lower) to the staircase are adequate. 7.7.13. Driver's compartment 7.7.13.1. The driver shall be protected from standing passengers and from passengers seated immediately behind the driver's compartment who may be projected into the driver's compartment in the event of braking or cornering. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if: 7.7.13.1.1. The rear of the driver's compartment is enclosed by a partition; or 7.7.13.1.2 In the case of passenger seats located immediately behind the driver's compartment either a guard or, in the case of a vehicle of Class A or B, a safety-belt is fitted. For vehicles having an area available for standing passengers immediately behind the driver's compartment, the option of fitting a safety-belt shall not apply. Where fitted, a guard shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs 7.7.13.1.2.1 to 7.7.13.1.2.3 below (see Annex 4, figure 30). 7.7.13.1.2.1. The minimum height of the guard measured from the floor on which the passenger's feet rest shall be 800 mm. 7.7.13.1.2.2. The width of the guard shall extend inwards from the wall of the vehicle at least as far as 100 mm beyond the longitudinal centre line of the innermost relevant passenger seat, but in any case shall extend at least as far as the innermost point of the driver's seat. 7.7.13.1.2.3. The distance between the uppermost edge of an area destined to hold any object (e.g. a table) and the uppermost edge of a guard shall be at least 90 mm. 7.7.13.2. The driver's compartment shall be protected from objects liable to roll into it from the passenger area immediately behind the compartment in the case of heavy braking. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied when a ball of 50 mm diameter cannot roll into the driver's compartment from the passenger area immediately behind the compartment. 7.7.13.3. The driver shall be protected from the sun and from the effects of glare and reflections caused by artificial interior lighting. Any lighting likely to affect adversely and significantly the driver's vision shall be capable of being operated only while the vehicle is at rest. 7.7.13.4. The vehicle shall be provided with devices allowing defrosting and demisting of the windscreen. 7.7.14. Driver's seat 7.7.14.1. The driver's seat shall be independent of other seats. 7.7.14.2. The seat back shall either be curved or the driver's area shall be provided with armrests positioned in such a way that the driver is neither constrained during vehicle manoeuvring operations, nor becomes unbalanced by transverse accelerations which can occur in service. 7.7.14.3. The minimum width of the seat cushion (dimension F, see Annex 4, Figure 9) measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of the seat, shall be: 7.7.14.3.1. 200 mm in the case of Class A or B; 7.7.14.3.2. 225 mm in the case of Class I, II or III. 7.7.14.4. The minimum depth of the seat cushion (dimension K, see Annex 4, Figure 11a) measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of the seat, shall be: 7.7.14.4.1. 350 mm in the case of Class A or B; 7.7.14.4.2. 400 mm in the case of Class I, II or III. 7.7.14.5. The minimum overall width of the seat back measured up to a height of 250 mm above the horizontal plane tangential to the uppermost surface of the uncompressed seat cushion shall be 450 mm. 7.7.14.6. The distance between armrests shall ensure a free space for the driver, as defined in paragraph 7.7.14.2 above, of not less than 450 mm. 7.7.14.7. The seat shall be adjustable in its longitudinal and vertical positions and in its seat back inclination. It shall lock automatically in the selected