1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21December 1 988
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain components and
characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors
(89/173/EEC)
(OJ L 67, 10.3.1989, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Directive 97/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23
September 1997 L 277 24 10.10.1997
Amended by:
►A1Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C 241 21 29.8.1994
(adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 1 1 1.1.1995
▼B
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21December 1 988
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
certain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or
forestry tractors
(89/173/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
In cooperation with the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(3),
Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of progressively
establishing the internal market over a period expiring on 31 December
1992; whereas the internal market shall comprise an area withoutinternal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, servicesand capital is ensured;
Whereas the technical requirements which tractors must fulfil in
pursuance of national laws concern, inter alia , their dimensions and
masses, speed governors, the protection of their drive components,projections and wheels, brake control for towed vehicles, windscreensand other glazing, the mechanical coupling between tractor and towed
vehicle and the location and method of affixing statutory plates and
markings to the body of the tractor;
Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is consequently necessary for the same requirements to be
adopted by all of the Member States, either in addition or in place of the
existing regulations, in order, in particular, to permit implementation, foreach type of tractor, of the EEC type-approval procedure covered byCouncil Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation ofthe laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled
agricultural or forestry tractors(
4), as last amended by Directive 82/890/
EEC(5);
Whereas with regard, in particular, to the technical requirements relating
to safety glass — windscreens and other glazing — it is appropriate to
embrace with some amendments those adopted by the United Nations'
Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No 43 (‘Uniformprovisions concerning the approval of safety glazing and glazingmaterials’) forming an addendum to the agreement of 20 March 1958concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and thus
reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and
parts(
6),
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
1. (Agricultural or forestry) tractor means any motor vehicle fitted
with wheels or endless tracks and having at least two axles, the main
function of which lies in its tractive power and which is specially1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 218, 17. 8. 1987, p. 1.
(2) OJ No C 281, 19. 10. 1987, p. 180 and
OJ No C 326, 18. 12. 1988.
(3) OJ No C 319, 30. 11. 1987, p. 25.
(4) OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10.
(5) OJ No L 378, 31. 12. 1982, p. 45.
(6)Doc.E/ECE/234/C144/C147/C147/C147/C145/C147/C147/C147/C146/C148/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C150REV 1/ADD 42/REV/1.
E/ECE/TRANS/505
▼B
designed to, push, carry or power certain tools, machinery or trailers
intended for agricultural or forestry use. It may be equipped to carry aload and passengers.
2. This Directive shall apply only to tractors defined in paragraph 1
which are fitted with pneumatic tyres and which have two axles and a
maximum design speed of between 6 and ►
M140 km/h ◄.
Article 2
1. No Member State may refuse EEC type-approval or national type-
approval of a tractor or refuse its registration or prohibit the sale, entryinto service or use of a tractor or grounds relating to:
— dimensions and towable masses,
— speed governors and protection of drive components, projections and
wheels,
— windscreens and other glazing,
— mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle, including
the vertical load on the coupling point,
— location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions to
the body of the tractor,
— brake control for towed vehicles,
where these comply with the requirements of the Annexes relating
thereto and where the windscreens and other glass panes or themechanical couplings bear an EEC component type-approval mark.
2. By way of derogation from the provisions of paragraph 1 relating
to use of the tractor, Member States may, for reasons concerningtowable mass(es), continue to apply their national provisions reflecting
in particular the special requirements relating to the nature of the land
relief on their territory, within the limits of the towable masses listed insection 2.2 of Annex I in so far as this does not involve alterations to thetractor or a further supplementary national type-approval.
Article 3
1. Each Member State shall grant EEC component type-approval for
any type of windscreen or other glass-pane and/or of mechanical
coupling which satisfies the construction and testing requirements laiddown in Annexes III and/or IV.
2. The Member State which has granted EEC component type-
approval shall take the measures required in order to verify, in so far asis necessary and if need be in cooperation with the competent authoritiesin the other Member States, that production models conform to theapproved type. Such verification shall be limited to spot checks.
Article 4
Member States shall, for each type of windscreen or other glass pane or
of mechanical coupling which they approve pursuant to Article 3, issueto the manufacturer of the tractor, windscreen or mechanical coupling orto his authorized representative, an EEC component type-approval markconforming to the models shown in Annex III or IV.
Member States shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the use of
marks liable to create confusion between the type of equipment which
has been granted EEC component type-approval pursuant to Article 3
and equipment of other types.
Article 5
1. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of
windscreens and other glass panes or mechanical couplings on groundsrelating to their construction if they bear the EEC component type-
approval mark.
2. Nevertheless a Member State may prohibit the placing on the
market of windscreens or mechanical couplings bearing the EEC1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 3
▼B
component type-approval mark which do not conform to the approved
type.
That State shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the
Commission of the measures taken, specifying the reasons for its
decision.
Article 6
The competent authorities of each Member State shall within one month
send to the competent authorities of the other Member States a copy ofthe component type-approval certificates, examples of which are givenin Annex III or IV, completed for each type of windscreen or mechanicalcoupling which they approve or refuse to approve.
Article 7
1. If the Member State which has granted EEC component type-
approval finds that a number of windscreens or mechanical couplings
bearing the same EEC component type-approval mark do not conform to
the type which it has approved, it shall take the necessary measures toensure that production models conform to the approved type. Thecompetent authorities of that State shall advise those of the otherMember States of the measures taken, which may, if necessary, wherethere is serious and repeated failure to conform, extend to withdrawal of
EEC component type-approval. The said authorities shall take the same
measures if they are informed by the competent authorities of anotherMember State of such failure to conform.
2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall inform each
other within one month of any withdrawal of EEC component type-approval and of the reasons for such a measure.
Article 8
Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted in implementa-
tion of this Directive to refuse or withdraw EEC component type-
approval for a windscreen or mechanical coupling or to prohibit their
placing on the market or use, shall set out in detail the reasons on whichit is based. Such decisions shall be notified to the party concerned, whoshall at the same time be informed of the remedies available to himunder the laws in force in the Member States and of the time limitsallowed for the exercise of such remedies.
Article 9
Any amendments necessary to adapt the requirements of the Annexes to
technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure
laid down in Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.
Article 10
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in
order to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1989. They shallforthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall notify to the Commission the texts of the
main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered bythis Directive.
Article 11
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 4
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LIST OF ANNEXES
Page
ANNEX I: Dimensions and towable masses ............................. 5
Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate . ................... 7
ANNEX II: Speed governor and protection of drive components, projections and
wheels . . . ............................................... 8
Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate . ................... 2 1
ANNEX III A: Windscreen and other glazing — Equipment requirements, definitions,
application for component type-approval, component type-approval,
markings, general specifications, tests and conformity of production 22
Appendix: Examples of component type-approval marks .................. 3 0
ANNEX III B: Communication on EEC component type-approval, refusal of EEC
component type-approval, extension of EEC component type-approval
and withdrawal of component type-approval ................... 3 3
Appendix 1: Toughened-glass windscreens . .............................. 3 4
Appendix 2: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens ........ 3 5
Appendix 3: Laminated-glass windscreens . . .............................. 3 6
Appendix 4: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens ................. 3 7
Appendix 5: Glass-plasticwindsc reens ................................... 3 8
Appendix 6: Glass-plasticpanes other than windsc reens . ................... 3 9
Appendix 7: Double-glazed units ....................................... 4 0
Appendix 8: Contents of the list of windscreens . . . ........................ 4 1
ANNEX III C: General test conditions . . ................................... 4 2
ANNEX III D: Toughened-glass windscreens . .............................. 6 7
ANNEX III E: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens ........ 7 0
ANNEX III F: Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens ........................ 7 3
ANNEX III G: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens ................. 7 7
ANNEX III H: Treated laminated-glass windscreens . ........................ 8 0
ANNEX III I: Safety-glass panes faced with plastic material on the inside ....... 8 2
ANNEX III J: Glass-plasticwindsc reens ................................... 8 3
ANNEX III K: Glass-plasticpanes other than windsc reens . ................... 8 6
ANNEX III L: Double-glazed units ....................................... 8 8
ANNEX III M: Grouping of windscreens for component type-approval testing . . . . 90ANNEX III N: Measurement of the heights of segment and position of the points of
impact . . . ............................................... 9 2
ANNEX III O: Checks on conformity of production . . ........................ 9 5
ANNEX III P: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate . ................... 9 9
ANNEX IV: Mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle and the
vertical load on the coupling point . . . ........................ 1 0 0
Appendix 1: Drawings of mechanical coupling components ................. 1 0 4
Appendix 2: Dynamictest method . . . ................................... 1 0 7
Appendix 3: Coupling device static test method . . . ........................ 1 0 9
Appendix 4: Component type-approval mark ............................. 1 1 0
Appendix 5: Model EEC component type-approval certificate . . . ............. 1 1 1
Appendix 6: Conditions for granting EEC type-approval . ................... 1 1 2
Appendix 7: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate . ................... 1 1 3
ANNEX V: Location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions on
the body of the tractor . . ................................... 1 1 4
Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate . ................... 1 1 61989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 5
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Page
ANNEX VI: Brake control of towed vehicles and brake coupling between the
tractor and towed vehicles .................................. 1 1 7
Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate . ................... 1 1 81989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 6
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ANNEX I
DIMENSIONS AND TOWABLE MASSES
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1. ‘Length’ means:
— the length of the tractor measured between the vertical planes at
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing the
outermost points thereof, but excluding:
— all mirrors,
— all starting handles,— all front or lateral position (side) lamps.
1.2. ‘Width’ means:
— the width of the tractor measured between the vertical planes
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing through
the outermost points thereof, but excluding:
— any mirrors,
— any direction indicators,— any front, lateral or rear position (side) lamps; any parking
lamps,
— any distortion of the tyres caused by the weight of the tractor,— any folding components such as lift-up footrests and flexible
mud-flaps.
1.3. ‘Height’ means:
— the vertical distance between the ground and the point on the
tractor the greatest distance from the ground, excluding the aerial.
When this height is determined, the tractor must be:
— fitted with new tyres having the greatest rolling radius
specified by their manufacturer.
1.4. ‘Permissible towable mass’
means the mass which a type of tractor may tow. It may, for
example, consist of one or more trailers towed or agricultural or
forestry implements. A distinction is drawn between the technically
permissible towable mass stated by the manufacturer and the
authorized towable mass as laid down in section 2.2 below.
1.5. ‘Towing device’
means a component on the tractor designed to provide a mechanical
link between a tractor and towed vehicle.
1.6. ‘Unladen mass of tractor in running order (Mt)’
means the mass defined in point 2.4 of Annex I to Directive 74/150/
EEC.
1.7. Technically permissable towable mass(es):
— unbraked towable mass,
— independently braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.12 of
Annex I to Council Directive 76/432/EEC(
1),
— inertia braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.14 of Annex I
to Directive 76/432/EEC),
— towable mass fitted with hydraulicor pneumaticbraking: suc h
braking may be of the continuous, semi-continuous or indepen-
dent power-operated type as defined in points 1.9, 1.10 and 1.11,
respectively, of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 7
(1) OJ No L 122, 8. 5. 1976, p. 1.
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2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Dimensions
The maximum dimensions of a tractor are as follows:
2.1.1. length: 12 m;
2.1.2. width: 2,5 m;
2.1.3. height: 4 m.2.1.4. The measurements intended to check these dimensions are carried
out as follows:
— with the tractor unladen and in running order as indicated in point
1.6,
— on a flat horizontal surface,— with the tractor stationary and the engine switched off,— with the new tyres at the normal pressure recommended by the
manufacturer,
— with doors and windows closed,— with the steering wheel in the straight-ahead position,— without any agricultural or forestry implement attached to the
tractor.
2.2 Permissible towable mass
2.2.1. The permissible towable mass must not exceed:2.2.1.1. the technically permissible towable mass as defined in point 1.7,
recommended by the tractor manufacturer;
2.2.1.2. the towable mass laid down for towing device pursuant to EEC
component-type approval.
2.2.2. Where a Member State applies Article 2 (2), towable mass(es) must
be specified on the tractor's registration certificate.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 8
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Appendix
MODEL
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 9
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ANNEX II
SPEED GOVERNOR AND PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS,
PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS
1. SPEED GOVERNOR
1.1. If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it must
be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies with
Directive 74/152/EEC(1) on maximum design speed.
2. PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND
WHEELS
2.1. General
2.1.1. Drive components, projections and wheels on tractors must be
designed, fitted and protected in such a way as to prevent accidents to
persons under normal conditions of use.
2.1.2. The requirements of point 2.1.1 are regarded as being fulfilled if the
requirements set out in section 2.3 have been complied with.
Solutions other than those described in section 2.3 are authorized if
the manufacturer provides proof that they are at least equivalent to
the requirements of section 2.3.
2.1.3. Protective devices must be firmly attached to the tractor. ‘Firmly
attached’ means that removal of such devices should be possible only
with the aid of tools.
2.1.4. Cowls, lids and hoods, which could cause injury if they are slammed
shut, must be made in such a way as to preclude their shutting
accidentally (e.g. by means of safety devices or suitable mounting or
design).
2.1.5. A single protective device may protect a number of dangerous points.
However, if adjustment, maintenance or interference suppression
devices — which can be actuated only when the engine is running —
are fitted beneath a single protective device, then further protective
devices must be fitted.
2.1.6. Securing devices (e.g. spring clips or flaps)
— to secure quick-release mounting components (e.g. socket pins),
and such components of
— protective devices which open without the aid of tools (e.g.
engine cowl)
must be firmly attached either to the tractor mounting or to the
protective device.
2.2. Definitions
2.2.1. ‘Protective device’ means a device intended to protect dangerous
parts. Within the meaning of this Directive, protective devices
include shields, covers or guards.
2.2.1.1. ‘Shield’ means a protective device located immediately in front of a
dangerous part and which, either on its own or with other parts of the
machine, protects on all sides against contact with the dangerous
part.
2.2.1.2. ‘Hood or cowl’ means a protective device located in front of the
dangerous part and which protects against contact with the dangerous
part on the covered side.
2.2.1.3. ‘Guard’ means a protective device which, by means of a rail, grill or
similar device provides the necessary safety distance preventing
contact with the dangerous part.
2.2.2. ‘Dangerous part’ means any point which, owing to the arrangements
or design of the fixed or movable part of a tractor, involves a risk of
injury. The dangerous parts are, in particular, pinching, shearing,
cutting, piercing, penetrating, snatching, entry and attack points.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 10
(1) OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 33.
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2.2.2.1. ‘Pinching point’ means any dangerous point where parts move in
relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may cause
persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched.
2.2.2.2. ‘Shear point’ means any dangerous point where parts move along
each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons or
certain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn.
2.2.2.3. ‘Cutting, piercing or penetration point’ means any dangerous point
where parts, either moving or fixed, sharp edged, pointed or blunt
may injure persons or certain parts of their bodies.
2.2.2.4. ‘Snatching point’ means any dangerous point where sharp-edged
projections, teeth, pins, screws and bolts, grease nipples, shafts, shaft
ends and other parts move in such a way that persons, certain parts of
their bodies or clothing may be snatched and pulled along.
2.2.2.5. ‘Entry or attack point’ means any dangerous point whose parts, by
moving, narrow an aperture in which persons, certain parts of their
bodies or clothes may be caught.
2.2.3. ‘Reach’ means the maximum distance which can be reached by
persons or certain parts of their bodies upwards, downwards,
inwards, above, around or across without the aid of any object
(Figure 1).
2.2.4. ‘Safety distance’ means the distance corresponding to the reach or to
the body dimension plus a safety margin (Figure 1).
2.2.5. ‘Control’ means any device whose direct actuation enables the state
or operation of the tractor or of any equipment linked to it to be
altered.
2.3. Safety distances for avoiding contact with dangerous parts
2.3.1. The safety distance is measured from those points which may be
reached to actuate, service and inspect the tractor, and also from
ground level. ‘Servicing and inspecting the tractor’ solely means
work normally carried out by the driver himself in accordance with
the instructions for use. In determining the safety distances the basic
principle is that the tractor is in the state for which it has been
designed and that no means has been used in order to reach the
dangerous part.
Safety distances are set out in points 2.3.2.1 to 2.3.2.5. In certain
specific areas or for certain specific component parts an appropriate
safety level is provided if the tractor corresponds to the requirements
set out in points 2.3.2.6 to 2.3.2.14.
2.3.2. Protection of dangerouspoints
Upwards
The upward safety margin is 2 500 mm (see Figure 1) in the case of
persons standing upright.
Figure 11989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 11
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2.3.2.2. Downwards, a bove
The safety margin for reaching above a barrier is:a = from ground level up to the dangerous point;
b = height of barrier or protective device;c= horizontal distanc e between dangerous point and barrier (see
Figure 2).
Figure 2
When reaching both downwards and above the safety distances set
out in Table 1 must be maintained.
TABLE 1
(mm)
a: Distance from
ground of
dangerous pointHeight between barrier and protective device b
2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000
Horizontal distance cfrom dangerous point
2 400 — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2 200 — 250 350 400 500 500 600 6002 000 — — 350 500 600 700 900 1 100
1 800 — — — 600 900 900 1 000 1 100
1 600 — — — 500 900 900 1 000 1 3001 400 — — — 100 800 900 1 000 1 3001 200 — — — — 500 900 1 000 1 4001 000 — — — — 300 900 1 000 1 400
800 — — — — — 600 900 1 300
600 — — — — — — 500 1 200400 — — — — — — 300 1 200200 — — — — — — 200 1 100
2.3.2.3. Reach around
The safety margin shown in Table 2 below must, at the minimum, be
maintained if the part of the body concerned is not to reach a
dangerous point. In applying the safety margin it is assumed that the
main body joint concerned is pushed firmly against the edge of the1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 12
▼B
protective device. The safety margins are not considered to have been
maintained until one is satisfied that part of the body may quite
definitely not advance or penetrate further.
TABLE 2
2.3.2.4. Penetration and reach across
If penetration is possible into or across openings and up to dangerous
parts, the minimum safety distances set out in Tables 3 and 4 must be
maintained.
Parts which move in relation to one another or moving parts set
alongside fixed parts are not regarded as risk factors provided they
are no more than 8 mm apart.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 13
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TABLE 3
Safety distances for elongated and parallel openings
ais the smaller dimension of the aperture.
bis the safety distance from danger point
TABLE 4
Safety distances for square or circular apertures
ais the aperture/diameter or length of side.
bis the safety distance from danger point.
2.3.2.5. Safety distances at pinching points
A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the part of the body
shown if the safety distances are not less than those set out in Table
5, and if it is ensured that the adjacent, wider part of the body cannot
be introduced.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 14
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TABLE 5
2.3.2.6. Controls
The gap between two pedals and the holes through which controls
pass are not regarded as being pinching or shearing points.
2.3.2.7. Rear three-point coupling2.3.2.7.1. Behind a plane passing through the median plane of the pivot points
of the lifting rods in a three-point coupling system a minimum safety
margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts for
each point or of the lifting device's travel — but not for the extreme
upper and lower positions 0,1 n, together with a distance of 25 mm or
a minimum angle of 30º for the parts in shear which cause a change
in angularity (see Figure 3). Travel n′, reduced by 0,1 nat both its
upper and lower ends is defined as follows (see Figure 4):
Figure 31989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 15
▼B
Figure 4
2.3.2.7.2. For travel nof the hydrauliclifting unit, lower position A of the
coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in
accordance with ISO Standard 730, Part 1, while upper position B is
limited by the maximum hydraulictravel. Travel n′corresponds to
travelnreduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n, and constitutes
the vertical distance between A ′and B′.
2.3.2.7.3. Moreover, within travel n′a minimum safety margin of 25 mm in
relation to the adjacent parts must be maintained around the profileof the lifting rods.
2.3.2.7.4. If, in the case of a three-point coupling, coupling devices are used
which do not require the presence of an operator between the tractor
and the implement carried (for example, in the case of a quick
coupling), the provisions of point 2.3.2.7.3 do not apply.
2.3.2.7.5. The operating manual should contain specific information on the
dangerous points located at the front of the plane defined in the first
sentence of point 2.3.2.7.1.
2.3.2.8. Front three-point coupling
2.3.2.8.1. At each point of the lifting unit's travel n— but not for the extreme
upper and lower reaches 0,1 n— a minimum safety margin of 25 mm
must be maintained between the moving parts together with a
minimum angle of 30º or a safety margin of 25 mm in the case of the
change of angularity caused by the parts in shear with each other.
Travel n′reduced by 0,1 nat both its upper and lower ends, is
defined as follows (see also Figure 4).
2.3.2.8.2. For travel nof the hydrauliclifting unit, extreme lower position A of
the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in
accordance with ISO Standard 8759, Part 2, while extreme upper
position B is limited by the maximum hydraulictravel. Traven n′
reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 nand the vertical distance
between A ′and B′.
2.3.2.8.3. If, for the lower links of a front three-point coupling, coupling
devices (such as a rapid-action coupling) are used which do not
require the presence of a person between the tractor and the
implement attached during coupling, the requirements under
2.3.2.8.1 do not apply within the reach of a radius of 250 mm
from the points at which the lower links are coupled to the tractor.
However, a minimum safety margin of 25 mm from neighbouring
parts within the defined travel n ′must in any case be maintained
around the outside of the travel rods/cylinders.
2.3.2.9. Driving seat and environment
When he is in a sitting position, all pinching of shearing points must
be out of range of the driver's hands or feet. This requirement is
considered to have been met if the following conditions are fulfilled:
2.3.2.9.1. The driver's seat is at the mid-point in its longitudinal and vertical
adjustment range. The driver's reach limit is divided into zones A and
B. A central spherical point of these zones is 60 mm in front of and
580 mm above the seat reference point (see Figure 5). Zone A
consists of a sphere having a diameter of 550 mm while zone B is1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 16
▼B
located between that sphere and a sphere having a radius of 1 000
mm.
Figure 5
2.3.2.9.2. A safety distance of 120 mm in zone A and 25 mm in zone B is
maintained near the pinching and shearing points, whilst a minimum
angle of 30º is maintained in the case of shearing parts causing a
change in angularity.
2.3.2.9.3. In zone A, only the pinching and shearing points caused by parts set
in motion by an outside energy source must be taken into account.
2.3.2.9.4. If a dangerous point is due to the presence of structural parts adjacent
to the seat, a safety distance of a least 25 mm is maintained between
that structural part and the seat. There is no dangerous point between
the seat backrest and the adjacent structural parts located behind that
backrest if the adjacent structural parts are smooth and the seat
backrest itself is rounded in the surrounding area and has no sharp
points.
2.3.2.10. Passenger seat (if any)2.3.2.10.1. If parts may constitute a danger for the feet, provision must be made
for protective devices within a hemispherical radius of 800 mm
starting from the forward edge of the seat cushion and pointing
downwards.
2.3.2.10.2. As described in section 2.3.2.9 (see Figure 6) the dangerous points in
zones A and B must be protected within a sphere whose centre is 670
mm above the centre of the front edge of the passenger seat.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 17
▼B
Figure 6
2.3.2.11. Narrow-track tractors (tractors with a track as defined in
the second indent of Article 1 of Directive 87/402/EEC).
2.3.2.11.1. In the case of narrow-track tractors, the requirements of section
2.3.2.9 do not apply to the zone situated below a plane inclined at 45º
to the rear and transverse to the direction of travel, and passing
through a point located 230 mm behind the seat index point (see
Figure 7). If there are any dangerous points in this zone,
corresponding warnings must be affixed to the tractor.
Figure 7
2.3.2.11.2. Sections II.1 and II.2 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC apply to
access to the driver's seat.
2.3.2.11.3. Section I.6 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC applies to control
devices.
2.3.2.11.4. In front of a reference plane which passes at right angles to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and through the centre of the load-free pedal (clutch and/or service brake), very hot exhaust components
must be protected if located within 300 mm in the upper zone (700
mm above ground level) and within 150 mm in the lower zone (see
Figure 8). Laterally, the area to be protected is limited by the external
outline of the tractor and the external outline of the exhaust system.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 18
▼B
Very hot exhaust system components passing beneath the entry step
must be covered in their vertical projection or otherwise thermally
protected.
Figure 8
2.3.2.12. Layout and marking of flexible hydraulichoses
2.3.2.12.1. Flexible hydraulichoses must be arranged in suc h a way as to
prevent mechanical and thermal damage
2.3.2.12.2. Flexible hydraulichoses must be c learly identifiable and indelibly
marked with the following information:
— the flexible hose manufacturer's mark,
— manufacturing date (year and month of manufacture),
— maximum permissible dynamicexc ess pressure in operation.
2.3.2.12.3. Flexible hydraulichoses in the vic inity of the driver's or the
passenger's seat must be arranged or protected in such a way that in
the event of their failure there can be no danger to any person.
2.3.2.13. Steering and swing axle
Parts moving in relation to each other or to fixed parts must be
protected if they lie within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and
2.3.2.10.
When articulated steering is fitted, there must be indelible and clear
markings within the articulation range on both sides of the tractor,
indicating by means of an illustrative sign or in words that remaining
within the unprotected range of articulation is not permitted. The
corresponding indications must be included in the operating manual.
2.3.2.14. Transmission shafts fixed on the tractor
Transmission shafts (for example, for four-wheel drive which can
only rotate while the tractor is in motion, must be protected if they
are located within the zone defined in sections 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10.
2.3.2.15. Clearance zone ar ound the drive wheels
2.3.2.15.1. The clearance zones of the wheel guards must meet the following
requirements.
2.3.2.15.2. ‘Clearance zone’ means the space which must remain clear around
the tyres of the drive wheels in relation to the adjacent parts of the
vehicle.
The clearance zone of the drive wheels, when fitted with largest-size
tyres, must correspond to the dimensions set out in the following
Figure 9 and Table 6.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 19
▼B
Figure 9
TABLE 6
Standard tractors Narrow track tractors
a
mmh
mma
mmh
mm
50 60 15 30
A clearance zone smaller than that illustrated in Figure 9 and Table 6
is permissible in addition to the zones referred to in sections 2.3.2.9
and 2.3.2.10 in the case of narrow-track tractors where wheel guards
are also used to scrape off earth stuck to the wheels.
2.4. Method of determining the seat index point
2.4.1. General
The method and device used in defining the index point for any type
of upholstered seat are described below.
2.4.2. Definitions
Seat index point (SIP):
Point situated in the vertical median longitudinal plane of the SIP
locating device represented in Figure 10 which is placed on the
driving seat in accordance with points 2.4.4 and 2.4.6.
The seat index point is established in relation to the vehicle and does
not move as a function of the seat adjustments and/or oscillations.
2.4.3. Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)
The device for determining the SIP must be as shown in Figure 10.
The mass of that device is 6 ± 1 kg and its underside must be flat and
polished.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 20
▼B
2.4.4. Seat setting for determination of index point (SIP)
Where a seat and its suspension can be regulated, the seat is regulated
as follows before the index point is determined:
(a) all of the adjustments — back/forth, height and rake — must be
in their mid-position. If this is not the case, the closest
adjustment either above or below the mid-position should be
used;
(b) adjustable suspension must be adjusted in such a way that the
suspension is at mid-travel with the locating device in position
and loaded. The suspension may be locked mechanically in that
position while the index point (SIP) is determined;
(c) non-adjustable suspension may be locked in the vertical position
that is achieved with the locating device in place and loaded;
(d) if the adjustments mentioned above conflict with the manufac-
turer's specific instructions, these must be followed in such a way
as to obtain the setting recommended for a 75-kg driver.
NB:
A 75-kg driver offers an approximation of the locating device in
position on the seat and loaded with a mass of 65 kg.
2.4.5. Determination of the three reference axesx ′,y ′, and z ′for the SIP
The coordinates must be established as follows:
(a) location, on one side of the seat mounting, of the attachment hole
that is in the most rear position;
(b) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the pivot axis defined on the
device, it is taken as axis y ′, (pointing from left to right in
relation to a seated driver — see Figure 11);
(c) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the vertical plane passing
through the centre line of the seat, the straight line is taken as
axis y′which runs parallel to the pivot axis referred to and passes
through the point of intersection between the supporting plane of
the seat and the hole axis referred to above (see Figure 12).
(d) in all other cases, axis y ′is established in accordance with the
parameters relating to the seat being measured;
(e) axes x ′and z′are defined as intersections of the horizontal and
vertical planes passing through y ′with the vertical plane through
the seat centre line. Axes x ′and z′point forwards and upwards
(see Figures 11 and 12).
2.4.6. Method of determining the seat index point (SIP)
The seat index point (SIP) is determined by using the device shown
in Figure 10 and by proceeding in the following manner:
(a) the seat is covered with a piece of cloth in order to facilitate
correct positioning of the device;
(b) the device is positioned on the seat cushion (without additional
mass) by pushing it rearwards against the backrest;
(c) masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 6 ± 1
kg to 26 ± 1 kg. The centre of vertical force must be 40 mm
ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the
device (see Figure 10);
(d) a horizontal force of about 100 N is applied twice to the device
on the seat index point, as set out in figure 10;
(e) other masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from
26 ± 1 kg to 65 ± 1 kg. The centre of the vertical force of the
masses added must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark
on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);
(f) on both sides of the seat in two vertical planes, equidistant from
the median longitudinal line of the seat, the coordinates, as
defined in point 2.4.5, of the intersections of those planes on the
axis of the seat index point marked by the device must be
measured to ± 1 mm.
The arithmetical mean values of the measurements taken in the
two planes are recorded as SIP coordinates;
(g) the conditions resulting from the method of determination, and
which diverge from the procedure set out in this Annex, or which1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 21
▼B
may be the source of errors as regards their results, may be noted,
as may their causes.
Figure 10
Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 22
▼B
Figure 11
Determination of SIP reference axes
(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the pivot axis of the back/thighs)
Figure 12
Determination of the three reference axes of the SIP
(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the vertical plane passing
through the median line of the seat)1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 23
▼B
Appendix
MODEL
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 24
▼B
ANNEX III A
WINDSCREEN AND OTHER GLAZING
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR
COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL, COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL,
MARKINGS, GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS, TESTS AND CONFOR-
MITY OF PRODUCTION
1. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Agricultural and forestry tractors may be equipped as chosen by their
manufacturer with:
1.1.1. windscreens and glass panes other than windscreens covered by the
provisions of this Annex;
1.1.2. windscreens covered by the requirements for glass panes other than
windscreens in this Annex, with the exception of the requirements of
point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glass panes with a
regular light transmittance of less than 70 %).
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Directive:
2.1. ‘toughened-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of a single
layer of glass which has been subjected to special treatment to
increase its mechanical strength and condition its fragmentations
after shattering;
2.2. ‘laminated-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of two or more
layers of glass held together by one or more interlayers of plastic
material; it may be:
2.2.1. ‘ordinary’, where none of the layers of glass of which it is composed
have been treated, or
2.2.2. ‘treated’, where at least one of the layers of glass of which it is
composed has been specially treated to increase its mechanical
strength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;
2.3. ‘safety glazing coated with plastic material’ means a glass pane as
defined in point 2.1 or 2.2 with a layer of plasticmaterial on its inner
surface;
2.4. ‘glass-plasticsafety glazing’ means a pane of laminated glass having
one layer of glass and one or more layers of plasticmaterial at least
one of which acts as interlayer. The plastic layers shall be on the
inner face when the glazing is fitted on the tractor;
2.5. ‘group of windscreens’ means a group comprising windscreens of
differing sizes and shapes subjected to an examination of their
mechanical properties, their mode of fragmentation and their
behaviour in environmental resistance tests;
2.5.1. ‘flat windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting no nominal
curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per
linear metre;
2.5.2. ‘curved windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting nominal
curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per
linear metre;
2.6. ‘double window’ means a set of two panes installed separately in the
same opening on the tractor;
2.7. ‘double glazing’ means a unit composed of two panes permanently
assembled in the factory and separated by a uniform gap;
2.7.1. ‘symmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two
constituent panes are of the same type (toughened or laminated glass,
etc.), and exhibit identical principal and secondary characteristics;
2.7.2. ‘asymmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the
two constituent panes are of a different type (toughened or laminated
glass, etc.) or exhibit different principal and/or secondary character-
istics;
2.8. ‘principal characteristic’ means a characteristic which appreciably
modifies the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 25
▼B
in a way not without significance to the function which the glass
pane is to perform in a tractor. This term also covers the trade name
or mark;
2.9. ‘secondary characteristic’ means a characteristic capable of modi-
fying the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a
way which is of significance to the function which the glass pane is
intended to perform in a tractor. The extent of such modification is
assessed in relation to the indices of difficulty;
2.10. ‘indices of difficulty’ covers a two-stage grading system applying to
the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic.
A change from index ‘1’ to index ‘2’ indicates the need for additional
tests;
2.11. ‘developed area of a windscreen’ means the minimum rectangular
area of glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured;
2.12. ‘rake angle of a windscreen’ means the angle included between a
vertical line and a straight line passing through the top and bottom
extremities of the windscreen, both lines lying in a vertical plane
along the longitudinal axis of the tractor.
2.12.1. Measurement of the rake angle is performed on an unladen tractor
standing on level ground.
2.12.2. Tractors equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic
suspension or with a device for automatic adjustment of ground
clearance according to load are tested in the normal running
conditions specified by the manufacturer;
2.13. ‘height of segment, h’ means the maximum distance, measured at
right angles approximately to the glass pane, separating the inner
surface of the pane from a pane passing through the ends of the pane,
(see Annex III N, Figure 1);
2.14. ‘type of glass pane’ means a glass pane, as defined in points 2.1 to
2.4, not exhibiting any essential differences in respect, in particular,
of the principal and secondary characteristics mentioned in Annexes
III D to III L.
2.14.1. Although a change in the principal characteristics implies that the
product is of a new type, it is recognized that in certain cases a
change in shape and dimension does not necessarily require a
complete set of tests to be carried out. For certain of the tests
prescribed in the individual Annexes, glass panes may be grouped
together if it is evident that they have similar principal character-
istics.
2.14.2. Glass panes exhibiting differences only as regards their secondary
characteristics may be deemed to be of the same type; certain tests
may, however, be carried out on samples of such panes if the
performance of those tests is explicitly stipulated in the test
conditions;
2.15. ‘curvature, r’ means the approximate value of the smallest radius of
arc of the windscreen as measured in the area of maximum curvature.
3. APPLICATION FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
3.1. The application for EEC component type-approval for a type of glass
pane is submitted by the manufacturer of the safety-glass pane or by
his duly accredited representative for each type of safety glass. The
application may be made in one Member State only.
3.2. For each type of safety glass, the application is accompanied by the
undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following
particulars:
3.2.1. a technical description comprising all principal and secondary
characteristics; and,
3.2.1.1. in the case of glazing other than windscreens, drawings in a format
not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing:
— the maximum area,
— the smallest angle between two adjacent sides of the glass pane,
and
— the maximum height of segment, if any;
3.2.1.2. In the case of windscreens:1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 26
▼B
3.2.1.2.1. a list of the models of windscreen for which component type-
approval is sought, giving the name of the tractor manufacturers and
the type(s) of tractor;
3.2.1.2.2. drawings on a scale 1:10 and diagrams of the windscreens and their
installation in the tractor in sufficient detail to show:
3.2.1.2.2.1. the position of the windscreen relative to the R point as defined in
point 1.2 of the Annex ‘Field of vision’ to Council Directive 74/347/
EEC of 25 June 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the
Member States relating to the field of vision and windscreen wipers
for wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the windscreen;
3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the seat back-rest;
3.2.1.2.2.3. the position and size of the zone in which the optical qualities are
verified and, where appropriate, the area subjected to differential
toughening;
3.2.1.2.2.4. the developed area of the windscreen;
3.2.1.2.2.5. the maximum height of segment of the windscreen; and
3.2.1.2.2.6. the curvature of the windscreen (for windscreen-grouping purposes
only);
3.2.1.3. in the case of double glazing, drawings in a format not exceeding A4
or folded to that format, showing, in addition to the information
referred to in point 3.2.1.1:
— the type of each constituent glass pane,
— the type of bonding (organic, glass-glass or glass-metal),— the nominal thickness of the gap between the two glass panes.
3.3 In addition, the applicant must submit a sufficient number of test
pieces and samples of the finished glass panes of the models
considered, the number being if necessary determined by agreement
with the technical service for conducting the tests.
3.4. The competent authority must verify the existence of satisfactory
arrangements for ensuring effective control of conformity ofproduction before component type-approval is granted.
4. MARKINGS
4.1. Every safety-glass pane, including the samples and test-pieces
submitted for component type-approval, must bear the trade name
or mark of the manufacturer. The marking must be clearly legible
and indelible.
5. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
5.1. If the samples submitted for component type-approval meet the
requirements of sections 5 to 7 below, approval of the pertinent type
of safety-glass pane is granted.
5.2. A component type-approval number is assigned to each type as
defined in Annexes III E, III G, III K and III L, or, in the case of
windscreens, to each group approved. Its first two digits (at present
00 for this Directive in its original form) indicate the series of
amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amend-
ments made to this Directive at the time of issue of the approval. A
Member State may not assign the same number to another type or
group of safety-glass panes.
5.3. Component type-approval or extension or refusal of approval for a
type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive is communicated
to the Member States by means of a notice prepared in accordance
with the model set out in Annex III B to this Directive and its
Appendices.
5.3.1. In the case of windscreens, the EEC component type-approval notice
must be accompanied by a document listing every windscreen model
in the approved group, together with the characteristics of the group,
in accordance with Appendix 8 to Annex III B.
5.4. In addition to the marking specified in point 4. 1, an EEC component
type-approval mark must be affixed conspicuously to all safety-glass
panes, and double-glazed units conforming to a type approved under1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 27
▼B
this Directive. Any special component type-approval mark assigned
to each pane of a double-glazed unit may also be affixed.
This component type-approval mark consists of:
5.4.1. a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’ followed by the
distinguishing number of the country which has granted the
approval(1);
5.4.2. the component type-approval number to the right of the rectangle
prescribed in point 5.4.1.
5.5. The following additional symbols are affixed near the above EEC
type-approval mark:
5.5.1. in the case of a windscreen:
I: for toughened glass (I/P if faced)(2),
II: for ordinary laminated glass (II/P if faced) (2),
III: for treated laminated glass (III/P if faced) (2),
IV: for glass-plasticglazing;
5.5.2. V: in the case of a glass pane other than a windscreen covered by the
provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C;
5.5.3. VI: in the case of a double-glazed unit;
5.5.4. T: in the case of windscreens which comply with the requirements
for glass panes other than windscreens, except those coming
under the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this
Directive (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less
than 70 %). However, in the case of windscreens complying with
the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, the
symbol T may only be marked after the head-form test defined in
point 3.3.2 of Annex III G to this Directive, the height of drop
being 4,0 m + 25/ − 0 mm.
5.6. The EEC component type-approval mark and the symbol must be
clearly legible and indelible.
5.7. Appendix I to this Annex gives examples of component type-
approval marks.
6. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1. All glass panes, and particularly those intended for the manufacture
of windscreens, must be of sufficient quality to reduce the risk of
bodily injury as far as possible in the event of the glass shattering.
The glass must be sufficiently resistant to the incidents likely to
occur in normal traffic, and to atmospheric and temperature
conditions, chemical action, combustion and abrasion.
6.2. Safety glass must in addition be sufficiently transparent, must not
cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through the
windscreen, and must not give rise to any confusion between the
colours used in road-traffic signs and signals. In the event of the
windscreen shattering, the driver must still be able to see the road
clearly enough to be able to brake and stop his tractor safely.
7. PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS
All types of safety glass must, depending on the category to which
they belong, comply with the following particular requirements:
7.1. as regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained
in Annex III D;
7.2. as regards uniformly toughened glass panes other than windscreens,
the requirements contained in Annex III E;
7.3. as regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements
contained in Annex III F;
7.4. as regards ordinary laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the
requirements contained in Annex III G;1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 28
(1) 1 for the Federal Republicof Germany, 2 for Franc e, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands,
►A15 for Sweden, ◄6 for Belgium, 9 for Spain, 11 for the United Kingdom,
►A112 for Austria, ◄13 for Luxembourg, ►A117 for Finland, ◄18 for Denmark,
21 for Portugal, IRL for Ireland and EL for Greece.
(2) As defined in point 2.3.
▼B
7.5. as regards treated laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements
contained in Annex III H;
7.6. as regards safety-glass panes faced with plastic material, in addition
to the relevant requirements listed above, the requirements contained
in Annex III I;
7.7. as regards glass-plastic windscreens, the requirements contained in
Annex III J;
7.8. as regards glass-plasticpanes other than windsc reens, the require-
ments contained in Annex III K;
7.9. as regards double-glazed units, the requirements contained in Annex
III L.
8. TESTS
8.1. The following tests are prescribed:
8.1.1. Fragmentation
The purpose of this test is:
8.1.1.1. to verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the
pane of glass are such as to minimize the risk of injury, and
8.1.1.2. in the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after
shattering.
8.1.2. Mechanical strength
8.1.2.1. Ball-impact test
This test takes two forms, one using a 227 g ball and the other a
2 260 g ball.
8.1.2.1.1. 227-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of the
interlayer in laminated glass and the mechanical strength of
uniformly toughened glass.
8.1.2.1.2. 2 260-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the ball-
penetration resistance of laminated glass.
8.1.2.2. Headform test
The purpose of this test is to verify the glass pane's compliance with
requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event of impact
of the head against the windscreen, laminated glass or glass-plastic
panes other than windscreens, and also double-glazed units used as
side windows.
8.1.3. Resistance to the environment
8.1.3.1. Abrasion test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a
safety-glass pane to abrasion exceeds a specified value.
8.1.3.2. High-temperature test
The purpose of this test is to verify that no bubbles or other defects
occur in the interlayer in a laminated glass or glass-plastic pane when
the latter is exposed to high temperatures over an extended period of
time.
8.1.3.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the light
transmittance of laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass
panes exposed to radiation over an extended period of time is
significantly reduced thereby or whether the glazing is significantly
discoloured.
8.1.3.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether a laminated-glass,
glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass pane will withstand, without
significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to
atmosphere humidity.
8.1.3.5. Resistance to temperature change
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the plastic
material(s) used in safety glazing as defined in points 2.3 and 2.41989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 29
▼B
will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of
prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures.
8.1.4. Optical qualities
8.1.4.1. Light-transmission test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the regular
transmittance of safety-glass panes exceeds a specified value.
8.1.4.2. Optical-distortion test
The purpose of this test is to verify that the distortion of objects as
seen through the windscreen is not such as to be likely to confuse the
driver.
8.1.4.3. Secondary-image-separation test
The purpose of this test is to verify that the angular separation of the
secondary image from the primary image does not exceed a specified
value.
8.1.4.4. Identification-of-colourstes t
The purpose of this test is to verify that there is no risk of confusion
of colours as seen through a windscreen.
8.1.5. Fire-resistance test
The purpose of this test is to verify that the inner face of a safety-
glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 has a sufficiently low burn
rate.
8.1.6. Resistance to chemical agents
The purpose of this test is to determine that the inner face of a safety-
glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand the effects
of exposure to chemicals likely to be present or used within the
tractor (e.g. cleaning compounds) without deterioration.
8.2. Tests prescribed for glass panes of the categories defined in
points 2.1to 2.4
8.2.1. Safety-glass panes are subject to the tests listed in the following
table:1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 30
WINDSCREENSGLASS PANES OTHER THAN WIND-
SCREENS
Toughened glass Ordinary laminated glass Treated laminated glass GlassplasticToughened
glassLaminated
glassGlassplastic
I I/P II II/P III III/P IV
Fragmentation D/2 D/2 — — H/4 H/4 — E/2 — —
Mechanical strength:
— 227 g ball — — F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. E/3.1. G/4 G/4
— 2 260 g ball — — F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. — — — —
Headform test (1) D/3 D/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 J/3 — G/3 (3) K/3 (3)
Abrasion:
— outer face — — F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. — F/5.1. F/5.1.
— inner face — I/2 — I/2 — I/2 I/2 I/2 (2) I/2 (2) I/2
High temperature — — C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 — C/5 C/5Radiation — C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 — C/6 C/6
Humidity — C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 (
2) C/7 C/7
Light transmission C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1.
Optical distortion C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. — — —
Secondary image C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. — — —
Identification of colours C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. — — —
Resistance to temperature changes — C/8 — C/8 — C/8 C/8 C/8 (2) C/8 (2) C/8
Fire resistance — C/10 — C/10 — C/10 C/10 C/10 (2) C/10 (2) C/10
Resistance to chemicals — C/11 — C/11 — C/11 C/11 C/11 (2) C/11 (2) C/11
(1) Furthermore this test must be carried out on double-glazed units pursuant to point 3 of Appendix L.
(2) If coated on the inner side with plastic material.
(3) This list must be performed with a drop of 4 m + 25/ − 0 mm instead of 1,5 m + 25/ − 0 mm when the panes are used as tractor windscreens.
NB:A reference such as K 3/3 in the table indicates Annex III K and point 3 of that Annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirement s specified.▼B1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 31
▼B
8.2.2. A safety-glass pane is granted component type-approval if it meets
all the requirements prescribed in the relevant provisions referred to
in the above table.
9. MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR A TYPE
OF SAFETY-GLASS PANE
9.1. All modifications to a type of safety-glass pane, or, in the case of
windscreens, all additions of windscreens to a group, must be notified
to the administrative department which approved the type of safety-
glass pane. The department may then either:
9.1.1. consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an
appreciable adverse effect and, in the case of windscreens, that the
new type comes within the approved group of windscreens, and that
at all events the safety-glass pane still complies with the require-
ments, or
9.1.2. require a further test report from the technical service responsible for
conducting the tests.
9.2. Communication
9.2.1. Confirmation, refusal or extension of component type-approval are
communicated to the Member States in accordance with the
procedure specified in section 5.3.
9.2.2. The competent authority which has granted an extension of
component type-approval must place a serial number on each
communication relating to the extension.
10. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
10.1. Safety glazing granted type-approval under this and the following
Annexes must be so manufactured as to conform to the approved
type and meet the requirements set out in sections 6, 7 and 8.
10.2. To verify that the requirements of 10.1 have been met, constant
checks must be carried out on production.
10.3. The holder of the component type-approval must in particular:10.3.1. ensure that procedures exist for controlling the quality of the product,10.3.2. have access to the equipment necessary for checking conformity to
each approved type,
10.3.3. record data of test results and make the ancillary documents(
1)
available for a period to be determined in agreement with the
administrative department,
10.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test to verify and ensure
consistency of the product characteristics, allowing for the permis-
sible variations in industrial production,
10.3.5. ensure that, for each type of product, at least the tests prescribed in
Annex III O are carried out, and
10.3.6. ensure that where any samples or test-pieces show non-conformity
with the type of test concerned, further samples are taken and tested.
All necessary steps must be taken to re-establish conformity in the
production concerned.
10.4. The competent authority may at any time verify the methods for
checking conformity applicable to each production unit (see point 1.3
of Annex III O).
10.4.1. At every inspection, the test data and production records must be
presented to the inspector.
10.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the
manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be
determined in the light of the results of the manufacturer's own
checks.
10.4.3. Where the quality standard appears unsatisfactory or where it appears
necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out under point1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 32
(1) Fragmentation test results must be recorded even if not photographic print is required.
▼B
10.4.2, the inspector may select samples to be sent to the technical
service which conducted the component type-approval test.
10.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this
Directive.
10.4.5. The normal frequency of inspection is two per year. If unsatisfactory
results are found during any of these inspections, the competent
authority must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish
the conformity of production as quickly as possible.
11. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
11.1. Component type-approval granted in respect of a type of safety-glass
pane pursuant to this Directive may be withdrawn if the requirement
laid down in point 10.1 is not complied with.
11.2. If a Member State withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it
must forthwith notify the other Member States thereof by means of a
copy of the component type-approval certificate with ‘COMPO-
NENT TYPE-APPROVAL WITHDRAWN’ added in large letters at
the bottom of the certificate, and signed and dated.
12. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DICSONTINUED
If the holder of component type-approval completely ceases to
manufacture a type of safety-glass pane approved in accordance with
this Directive, he must inform thereof the authority which granted the
approval. That authority must in turn notify the other Member States
thereof, by means of a copy of the compound type-approval notice
conforming to the model shown in Annex III B to this Directive.
13. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICES
RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING COMPONENT TYPE-
APPROVAL TESTS AND OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPART-
MENTS GRANTING SUCH APPROVAL
Each Member State must communicate to the other Member States
and the Commission the names and addresses of the technical
services responsible for conducting component type-approval tests
and of the administrative departments granting EEC component type-
approval, to which the component type-approval certificate and
certificates indicating refusal or withdrawal of component type-
approval issued in the other Member States are to be sent.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 33
▼B
Appendix
EXAMPLES OF COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARKS
(See section 5.5 of Annex III A)
Toughened-glass windscreens:
The above component type-approval mark, affixed to a toughened-glass
windscreen, shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)
pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Toughened-glass windscreens faced with plastic material
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass wind-
screen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned was
approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-
approval number 001247.
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens
The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass
windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)
pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 34
▼B
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens faced with plastic material
The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass
windscreen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned was
approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-
approval number 001247.
Threated laminated-glass windscreens
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a treated laminated-glass
windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)
pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Glass-plastic windscreens
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass-plastic windscreen
shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this
Directive under component type-approval number 001247.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 35
▼B
Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of
less than 70 %:
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a
windscreen to which the requirements of Annex III-C section 9.1.4.2., are
applicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)
pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Double-glazed units having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a double-glazed unit shows
that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this
Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Glass panes other than windscreens to be used as windscreens for tractors:
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane shows that the
component concerned intended to be used as a windscreen on a tractor was
approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-
approval number 001247.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 36
▼B
Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of
70 % more
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than awindscreen to which the requirements of point 9.1.4.1 of Annex III C are
applicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)
pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 37
▼B
ANNEX III B
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 38
▼B
Appendix 1
TOUGHENED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III D or III I)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 39
▼B
Appendix 2
UNIFORMLY TOUGHENED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III E or III I)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 40
▼B
Appendix 3
LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
(ordinary, treated or plastic-coated)
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III F, III H or III I)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 41
▼B
Appendix 4
LAMINATED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III G or III I)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 42
▼B
Appendix 5
GLASS-PLASTIC WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III J)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 43
▼B
Appendix 6
GLASS-PLASTIC PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III K)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 44
▼B
Appendix 7
DOUBLE-GLAZED UNITS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III L)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 45
▼B
Appendix 8
CONTENTS OF THE LIST OF WINDSCREENS (1)
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 46
(1) This list must be attached to Appendices 1, 2 (if applicable), 3 and 5 to this Annex.
▼B
ANNEX III C
GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS
1. FRAGMENTATION TESTS
1.1 The pane of glass to be tested must not be rigidly secured; it may
however be fastened on an indentical glass pane by means of
adhesive tape applied all round the edge.
1.2. To obtain fragmentation, a hammer of about 75 g or some other
appliance giving equivalent results is used. The radius of curvature of
the point is 0,2 ± 0,05 mm.
1.3. One test must be carried out at each prescribed point of impact.
1.4. An examination must be made of the fragments on photographic
contact paper, exposure commencing not more than 10 seconds and
terminating not more than three minutes after impact. Only the
darkest lines, representing the initial fracture, are taken into
consideration. The laboratory must keep photographic reproductions
of the fragmentation obtained.
2. BALL-IMPACT TESTS2.1. 227-g-ball test
2.1.1. Apparatus
2.1.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 227 ± 2 g and a diameter of
approximately 38 mm.
2.1.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a
device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the
free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on
velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by
the free fall.
2.1.1.3. Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 1, composed of steel
frames, with machined borders 15 mm wide, fitting one over the
other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm
wide and of hardness 50 IRHD.
The lower frame rests on a steel box about 150 mm high. The test-
piece is held in place by the upper frame, the mass of which is about
3 kg. The supporting frame is welded on to a sheet of steel about 12
mm thick resting on the floor with an interposed sheet of rubber
about 3 mm thick and of hardness 50 IRHD.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 47
▼B
Figure 1
Support for ball tests
2.1.2. Test conditions
— Temperature: 20 ± 5 ºC.
— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
2.1.3. Test piece
The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/− 0 mm.
2.1.4. Procedure
Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four
hours immediately proceding the test.
Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece
must be perpendicular, within 3º, to the incident direction of the ball.
The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of
the test piece for a drop height of 6 m or less, and within 50 mm of
the centre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 m. The
ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the
outside face of the safety-glass pane when mounted on the vehicle.
The ball is allowed to make only one impact.
2.2. 2 260-g-ball test
2.2.1. Apparatus
2.2.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2 260 ± 20 g and a diameter of
approximately 82 mm.
2.2.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a
device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the
free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on
velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by
the free fall.
2.2.1.3. The supporting fixture is as shown in Figure 1 and identical with that
described in point 2.1.1.3.
2.2.2. Test conditions
— Temperature: 20 ± 5 ºC.
— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 48
▼B
— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
2.2.3. Test piece
The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/− 0 mm or cut
out from the flattest part of a windscreen or other curved pane of
safety glass.
Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved pane of safety
glass may be tested. In this case care must be taken to ensure
adequate contact between the safety-glass pane and the support.
2.2.4. Procedure
Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four
hours immediately proceding the test.
Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece
must be perpendicular, within 3º, to the incident direction of the ball.
In the case of glass-plastic glazing the test piece is clamped to the
support.
The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of
the test piece. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which
represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is
mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1. Apparatus
3.1.1. Headform weight with a spherical or semi-spherical headform made
of laminated hardwood covered with replaceable felt and with or
without a cross-beam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped
intermediate piece between the spherical part and the cross-beam and
a mounting rod on the other side of the cross-beam.
The dimensions are in accordance with Figure 2.The total mass of the apparatus is 10 ± 0,2 kg.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 49
▼B
Figure 2
Headform weight
3.1.2. Device for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be
specified, or device for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that
obtained by the free fall.
When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance
on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained
by the free fall.
3.1.3. Supporting fixture, as shown in Figure 3, for testing flat test pieces.
The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders
50 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets
about 3 mm thick and 15 ± 1 mm wide and a hardness 70 IRHD.
The upper frame is held pressed against the lower frame by at least
eight bolts.
3.2. Test conditions
3.2.1.— Temperature: 20 ± 5 ºC.
3.2.2.— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.
3.2.3.— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 50
▼B
Figure 3
Support for headform tests
(1) The minimum recommended torque for M 20 is 30 Nm.
3.3. Procedure
3.3.1. Test on a flat test piece
The flat test piece, having a length of 1 100 + 5/− 2 mm and a width
of 500 + 5/− 2 mm is kept at a constant temperature of 20 ± 5 ºC for
at least four hours immediately preceding the test. Fix the test piece
in the supporting frames (3.1.3); tighten the bolts so as to ensure that
the movement of the test piece during the test does not exceed 2 mm.
The plane of the test piece must be substantially perpendicular to the
incident direction of the weight. The weight must strike the test piece
within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents
the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted
on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.
The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.
3.3.3. Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less
than or equal to 1,5 m)
Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of
rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width ofcontact over the whole perimeter being about 15 mm. The support
consists of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the windscreen
so that the headform weight strikes the internal surface. If necessary,
the support must rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet of
rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm.
The surface of the windscreen must be substantially perpendicular to
the incident direction of the headform weight.
The headform weight must strike the windscreen at a point within 40
mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward
face of the safety glass pane when the latter is mounted on the
vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.
The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 51
▼B
4. ABRASION TEST
4.1. Apparatus
4.1.1. Abrading instrument(1), shown diagrammatically in Figure 4 and
consisting of:
— a horizontal turntable, with centre clamp, which revolves counter-
clockwise at 65 to 75 rev/min, and
Figure 4
Diagram of abrading instrument
— two weighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive
wheel freely relating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each
wheel rests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a
mass of 500 g.
The turntable of the abrading instrument must rotate regularly,
substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane must not be
greater than ± 0,05 mm at a distance of 1,6 mm from turntable
periphery). The wheels must be mounted in such a way that when
they are in contact with the rotating test piece they rotate in opposite
directions so as to exert, twice during each rotation of the test piece, a
compressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annular
area of about 30 cm2.
4.1.2. Abrasive wheels (1), each 45 to 50 mm in diameter and 12,5 mm
thick, composed of a special finely screened abrasive embedded in a
medium-hard rubber. The wheels must have a hardness of 72 ± 5
IRHD, as measured at four points equally spaced on the centre line of
the abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically along a
diameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10 seconds after
full application of the pressure.
The abrasive wheels must be prepared for use by very slow rotation
against a sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely
even.
4.1.3. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament
contained within a parallel pipe measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3
mm. The voltage must be stabilized within ± 1/1 000. The instrument
used to check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.
4.1.4. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length, ƒ, of at least
500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of
the lens must not exceed ƒ/20. The distance between the lens and the
light source is adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is
substantially parallel. A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of
the light beam to 7 mm ± 1 mm. This diaphragm must be situated at a
distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the
light source.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 52
(1) A suitable abrading instrument is supplied by Teledyne Taber (United States of
America).
▼B
4.1.5. Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 5), consisting of
a photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 to 250 mm in
diameter. The sphere is equipped with entrance and exit ports for the
light. The entrance port must be circular and have a diameter at least
twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere is provided
with either a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the
procedure as described in point 4.4.3 below. The light trap absorbs all
the light when no test piece is inserted in the light beam.
The axis of the light beam must pass through the centre of the
entrance and exit ports. The diameter, b, of the light-exit port must be
equal to 2a · tan 4º, where ais the diameter of the sphere. The
photoelectric cell must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be
reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the
reflectance standard.
The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the
reflectance standard must be of substantially equal reflectance and
matt and non-selective. The output of the photoelectric cell must be
linear within ± 2 % over the range of luminous intensities used.
The design of the instrument must be such that there is no
galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark. The whole
apparatus must be checked at regular intervals by means of
calibration standards of defined haze. If haze measurements are
made using equipment or methods differing from those defined
above, the results must be corrected, if necessary, to bring them into
agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above.
Figure 5
Hazamenter
4.2. Test conditions
4.2.1. Temperature: 20 ± 5 ºC.
4.2.2. Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.
4.2.3. Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
4.3. Test pieces
The test pieces must be flat squares whose sides measure 100 mm
having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel and if necessary
having a fixing hole 6,4 + 0,2/− 0 mm in diameter drilled in the
centre.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 53
▼B
4.4. Procedure
The abrasion test is carried out on that surface of the test piece which
represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is
mounted on the vehicle and also on the inward-face in the case of a
glass pane with a plasticc oating.
4.4.1. Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces in the
following manner:
(a) wipe with a linen cloth under clean running water;
(b) rinse with distilled or demineralized water;
(c) blow dry with oxygen or nitrogen;
(d) remove possible traces of water by dabbing softly with a damp
linen cloth. If necessary, dry by pressing lightly between two
linen cloths.
Any treatment with ultrasonicequipment must be avoided. After
cleaning, the test pieces must be handled only by their edges and
stored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces.
4.4.2. Condition the test pieces for a minimum time of 48 hours at a
temperature of 20 ± 5 ºC and a relative humidity of 60 ± 20 %.
4.4.3. Immediately place the test piece against the entrance port of the
integrating sphere. The angle between the normal (perpendicular) to
the surface of the test piece and the axis of the beam must not exceed
8º.
Take four readings as indicated in the following table:
ReadingWith test
pieceWith light
trapWith
reflectance
standardQuantity represented
T1No No Yes Incident light
T2Yes No Yes Total light transmitted by test piece
T3No Yes No Light scattered by instrument
T4Yes Yes No Light scattered by instrument and
test piece
Repeat readings T1,T2,T3and T4with other specified positions of the
test piece to determine uniformity.
Calculate the total transmittance Tt=T2/T1.
Calculate the diffuse transmittance Tdas follows:
Td¼T4/C0T3T2=T1 ðÞ
T1
Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows:
Td
Tt/C2100ð%Þ
Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four
equally spaced points in the unabraded area in accordance with the
formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the
four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the
piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.
For each safety-glass pane, carry out three tests with the same kind.
Use the haze as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the test
piece has been subjected to the abrasion test.
Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of
four equally spaced points along the track in accordance with the
formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the
four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the
piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 54
▼B
4.5 The abrasion test to be carried out only at the discretion of the
laboratory conducting the test with due regard to the information
already at its disposal, e.g. changes in the interlayer or material
thickness will not normally necessitate further testing.
4.6. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics.
No secondary characteristics are involved.
5. HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEST
5.1. Procedure
Heat to 100 ºC three test samples or three test pieces of at least 300
mm × 300 mm taken by the laboratory from three windscreens or
three glass panes other than windscreens, as appropriate, one of
whose dimensions corresponds to the upper edge of the pane.
Maintain this temperature for a period of two hours, then allow the
test sample(s) to cool to room temperature. If the safety-glass pane
has both external surfaces of inorganic material, the test may be
carried out by immersing the test sample vertically in boiling water
for the specified period of time, care being taken to avoid undue
thermal shock. If specimens are cut from windscreens, one edge of
each such test specimen shall be part of an edge of the windscreen.
5.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of the interlayer: 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
5.3. Interpretation of results
5.3.1. The test for resistance to high temperature is considered to give a
positive result if bubbles or other defects are not formed more than
15 mm from an uncut edge or 25 mm from a cut edge of the test
piece or sample or more than 10 mm from any cracks which may
occur during the test.
5.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-
approval are considered satisfactory from the point of view of the
high-temperature resistance test if either of the following conditions
is fulfilled:
5.3.2.1. all the tests give a satisfactory result, or5.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples give satisfactory
results.
6. RESISTANCE-TO-RADIATION TEST
6.1. Test method
6.1.1. Apparatus
6.1.1.1. Radiation source consisting of a medium-pressure mercury-vapour
arclamp with a tubular quartz bulb of ozone-free type; the bulb axis
is vertical. The nominal dimensions of the lamp are 360 mm in length
by 9,5 mm in diameter. The arclength is 300 ± 4 mm. The lamp must
be operated at 750 ± 50 W.
Any other source of radiation which produces the same effects as the
lamp specified above may be used. To check that the effects of
another source are the same, a comparison is made by measuring the
amount of energy emitted within a wavelength range of 300 to 450
mm, all other wavelengths being removed by the use of suitable
filters. The alternative source is then used with these filters.
In the case of safety-glass panes for which there is no satisfactory
correlation between this test and the conditions of use it will be
necessary to review the test conditions.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 55
▼B
6.1.1.2. Power supply transformer and capacitor capable of supplying to the
lamp (6.1.1.1) a starting peak-voltage of 1 100 V minimum and an
operating voltage of 500 ± 50 V.
6.1.1.3. Device for mounting and rotating the test specimens at 1 to 5 rev/min
about the centrally located radiation source in order to ensure even
exposure.
6.1.2. Test pieces
6.1.2.1. The size of the test pieces is 76 mm × 300 mm.
6.1.2.2. The test pieces are cut by the laboratory from the upper part of the
panes in such a way that:
— in the case of glass panes other than windscreens the upper edge
of the test pieces coincides with the upper edge of the panes,
— in the case of windscreens the upper edge of the test pieces
coincides with the upper limit of the zone in which regular
transmittance is to be checked and determined in accordance with
point 9.1.2.2 of this Annex.
6.1.3. Procedure
Check the regular light transmittance, determined in accordance with
points 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex, of three test samples before
exposure. Protect a portion of each sample from the radiation, and
then place the sample in the test apparatus 230 mm from and parallel
lengthwise to the lamp axis. Maintain the temperature of the samples
at 45 ± 5 ºC throughout the test. That face of each test sample which
would constitute a grazed exterior part of the tractor must face the
lamp. For the type of lamp specified in point 6.1.1.1 the exposure
time is 100 hours. After exposure, measure the regular light
transmittance again in the exposed area of each sample.
6.1.4. Each test piece or sample (three in total) is subjected, in accordance
with the procedure above, to radiation such that the radiation on each
point of the test piece or sample produces on the interlayer used the
same effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of
1 400 W/m2for 100 hours.
6.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of glass 2 1
Colouring of interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
6.3. Interpretation of results
6.3.1. The test for resistance to radiation is deemed to have given a positive
result if the following conditions are fulfilled:
6.3.1.1. the total light transmittance measured in accordance with sections
9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex does not fall below 95 % of the original
value before irradiation and, in any case does not fall below:
6.3.1.1.1. 70 % in the case of glass panes other than windscreens which must
meet the requirements concerning the driver's field of vision in all
directions;
6.3.1.1.2. 75 % in the case of windscreens, within the zone in which regular
transmittance is to be checked, as defined in point 9.1.2.2 below.
6.3.1.2. The test piece or sample may however show a slight coloration after
irradiation when examined against a white background, but no other
defect may be apparent.
6.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-
approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the
resistance to radiation test if one of the following conditions is
fulfilled:
6.3.2.1. all tests give a satisfactory result, or6.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples give satisfactory
results.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 56
▼B
7. RESISTANCE-TO-HUMIDITY TEST
7.1. Procedure
Keep three test samples or three test pieces at least 300 mm × 300
mm square vertically for two weeks in a closed container in which
the temperature is maintained at 50 ± 2 ºC and the relative humidity
at 95 % ± 4 %(1).
Test pieces are prepared in such a way that:
— one edge of each test piece is part of an original edge of the
windscreen,
— should several test pieces be tested at the same time, adequate
spacing must be provided between them.
Precautions must be taken to prevent condensation from the walls or
ceiling of the test chamber from falling on the test specimens.
7.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
7.3. Interpretation of results
7.3.1. Safety-glass panes are deemed to be satisfactory from the point of
view of resistance to humidity if no significant change is observed
more than 10 mm from the uncut edges or more than 15 mm from the
cut edges, following a stay of two hours in the ambient atmosphere
by ordinary and treated laminated glass, and of 48 hours in the
ambient atmosphere by plastic-coated glass panes and plastic glazing.
7.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-
approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the
resistance to humidity test if one of the following conditions is
fulfilled:
7.3.2.1. all the tests give a satisfactory result;
7.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of samples give satisfactory results.
8. TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE
8.1. Test method
Two 300 × 300 mm test pieces are placed in an enclosed chamber for
six hours at a temperature of − 40 ± 5 ºC; they are then placed in the
ambient air at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC for an hour, or until the test
piece has reached a stable temperature. They are then placed in an air
flow at a temperature of 72 ± 2 ºC for three hours. The test pieces are
then examined after they have been returned to the ambient air at 23
± 2 ºC and cooled to that temperature.
8.2. Index of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of plasticinterlayer or
coating 1 2
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
8.3. Interpretation of results
The test of resistance to changes in temperature is considered to have
given a positive result if the test pieces display no cracking,
opacification, exfoliation or other obvious deterioration.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 57
(1) These test conditions exclude any condensation on the test pieces.
▼B
9. OPTICAL QUALITIES
9.1. Light transmission test
9.1.1. Apparatus
9.1.1.1. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp having its filament
contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3
mm. The voltage at the lamp filament must be such that the colour
temperature is 2 856 K ± 50 K. This voltage is stabilized within ±
1
1000. The instrument used to check the voltage must be of
appropriate accuracy.
9.1.1.2. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length of at least 500
mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the
lens must not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the
light source must be so adjusted as to obtain a light beam which is
substantially parallel.
A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 ±
1 mm. This diaphragm is situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm from
the lens on the side remote from the light source. The point of
measurement is taken at the centre of the light beam.
9.1.1.3. Measuring equipment. The receiver must have a relative spectral
sensitivity in substantial agreement with the relative spectral
luminous efficiency for the ICI(1) standard photometricobserver
for photopic vision. The sensitive surface of the receiver is covered
with a diffusing medium and must have at least twice the cross-
section of the light beam emitted by the optical system. If an
integrating sphere is used, the aperture of the sphere must have a
cross-sectional area at least twice that of the parallel portion of the
beam.
The linearity of the receiver and the associated indicated instrument
must be better than 2 % of the effective part of the scale.
9.1.2. Procedure
So adjust the instrument indicating the response of the receiver that it
indicates 100 divisions when the safety-glass pane is not inserted in
the light path. When no light is falling on the receiver, the instrument
must read zero.
Place the safety-glass pane at a distance from the receiver equal to
approximately five times the diameter of the receiver. Insert the
safety-glass pane between the diaphragm and the receiver and adjust
its orientation in such a way that the angle of incidence of the light
beam is equal to 0º ± 5º. The regular transmittance is measured on
the safety-glass pane, and for every point measured the number of
divisions, n, shown on the indicating instrument, are read. The
regular transmittance τris equal to n/100.
9.1.2.1. In the case of windscreens, alternative test methods may be applied
using either a test sample cut from the flattest part of a windscreen or
a specially prepared flat square with material and thickness
characteristics identical to those of the actual windscreen, the
measurements being taken normal (perpendicular) to the glass pane.
9.1.2.2. The test is carried out in the zone I specified in point 9.2.5.2 of this
Annex.
9.1.2.3. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I,
the test is carried out in zone I ′as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this
Annex.
9.1.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of the glass 1 2
Colouring of the interlayer
(in the case of laminated wind-
screens) 1 21989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 58
(1) International Commission on Illumination.
▼B
not
includedincluded
Shade and/or obscuration bands 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
9.1.4. Interpretation of results
9.1.4.1. The regular transmittance measured according to section 9.1.2 in the
case of windscreens must not be less than 75 %, and in the case of
windows other than windscreens not less than 70 %.
9.1.4.2. In the case of windows situated at points which are not essential to
the driver's field of vision (glazed roof, for example) the regular
transmittance factor of the light from the pane may be less than 70 %.
Windows having a regular light transmittance factor of less than 70 %
must be marked with an appropriate symbol.
9.2. Optical-distortion test
9.2.1. Scope
The method specified is a projection method which permits
evaluation of the optical distortion of a safety-glass pane.
9.2.1.1. Definitions9.2.1.1.1. Optical deviation: the angle between the true and the apparent
direction of a point viewed through the safety-glass pane, the
magnitude of the angle being a function of the angle of incidence of
the line of sight, the thickness and inclination of the glass pane, and
the radius of curvature at the point of incidence.
9.2.1.1.2. Optical distortion in a direction MM ′: the algebraicdifferenc e in
angular deviation ∆αmeasured between two points M and M ′on the
surface of the safety-glass pane, the distance between the two points
being such that their projections in a plane at right angles to the
direction of vision are separated by a given distance ∆x (see Figure
6).
Anti-clockwise deviation is to be regarded as positive and clockwise
deviation as negative.
9.2.1.1.3. Optical distortion at a point M: the optical distortion maximum for
all directions MM ′from the point M.
9.2.1.2. Apparatus
This method entails the projection of an appropriate slide (raster) on
to the display screen through the safety-glass pane being tested. The
change caused in the shape of the projected image by the insertion of
the safety-glass pane in the line of light provides a measures of the
distortion. The apparatus comprises the following items, arranged as
shown in Figure 9.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 59
▼B
Figure 6
Diagrammatic representation of optical distortion
Notes: ∆α=α1−α2, i.e. the optical distortion in the direction MM ′.
∆x= MC i.e. the distance between two straight lines parallel to the
direction of vision and passing through the points M and
M′.
Figure 7
Optical arrangement of the projector
9.2.1.2.1. Projector, of good quality, with a high-intensity point light source,
having for example the following characteristics:
— focal length at least 90 mm,
— aperture approximately 1/2,5,
— 150 W quartz halogen lamp (if used without a filter),— 250 W quartz halogen lamp (if a green filter is used).1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 60
▼B
Figure 8
Enlarged section of the slide
The projector is shown schematically in Figure 7. A diaphragm of 8
mm diameter is positioned approximately 10 mm from the front lens.
9.2.1.2.2. Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular
shapes on a dark background (see Figure 8). The slide must be of
sufficiently high quality and contrast to enable measurement to be
carried out with an error of less than 5 %. In the absence of the
safety-glass pane to be examined, the dimensions of the circular
shapes must be such that when the circular shapes are projected they
form an array of circles of diameterR1þR2
R1∆x where ∆x=4m m
(see Figures 6 and 9).
Figure 9
Arrangement of the apparatus for the optical-distortion test
9.2.1.2.3. Support stand, preferably one permitting vertical and horizontal
scanning, as well as rotation of the safety-glass pane.
9.2.1.2.4. Checking template, for measuring changes in dimensions where a
rapid assessment is required. A suitable design is shown in Figure 10.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 61
▼B
Figure 10
Design for a suitable checking template
9.2.1.3. Procedure
9.2.1.3.1. General
Mount the safety-glass pane on the support stand (9.2.1.2.3) at the
designated rake angle. Project the test image through the area being
examined. Rotate the safety-glass pane or move it either horizontally
or vertically in order to examine the whole of the specified area.
9.2.1.3.2. Assessment using a checking template
Where a rapid assessment with a possible margin of error of up to
20 % is sufficient, calculate the value of A(see Figure 10) from the
limit value ∆αLfor the change in deviation and the value of R2, the
distance from the safety-glass pane to the display screen:
A¼0;145 ∆αL/C1R2
The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected
image -d and the change in angular deviation - αis given by:
∆d¼0;29∆α/C1R2
where:
∆d is expressed in millimetres,
A is expressed in millimetres,∆α
Lis expressed in minutes of arc,
∆αis expressed in minutes of arc, and
R2is expressed in metres.
9.2.1.3.3. Measurement using a photoelectric device
Where a precise measurement with a possible margin of error of less
than 10 % of the limit value is required, measure ∆d on the
projection axis, the value of the spot width being taken at the point
where the luminance is 0,5 times the maximum spot luminance
value.
9.2.1.4. Expression of results
Evaluate the optical distortion of the safety-glass panes by measuring
-d at any point of the surface and in all directions in order to find ∆d
max.
9.2.1.5. Alternative method
In addition, a strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to
the projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the
measurements given in points 9.2.1.3.2 and 9.2.1.3.3 is maintained.
9.2.1.6. The distance ∆x must be 4 mm.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 62
▼B
9.2.1.7. The windscreen must be mounted at the same rake angle as on the
tractor.
9.2.1.8. The projection axis in the horizontal plane must be maintained
approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.
9.2.2. The measurements are performed in zone I as prescribed in point
9.2.5.2 of this Annex.
9.2.2.1. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I
as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex, the test is carried out in
zone I′, as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex.
9.2.2.2. Tractor type
The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a
tractor of a type which has a different forward field of vision from
that of the tractor type for which the windscreen has already been
approved.
9.2.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
9.2.3.1. Nature of the material
Polished (plate)
glassFloat glass Sheet glass
112
9.2.3.2. Other secondary characteristics
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
9.2.4. Number of samples
Four samples must be submitted for testing.
9.2.5. Definition of the zone of vision of tractor windscreens.
9.2.5.1. The zone of vision is defined on the basis of:
9.2.5.1.1. the reference point as defined in point 1.2 of the Annex ‘Field of
vision’ to Council Directive 74/347/EEC of 25 June 1974 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the field
of vision and windscreen wipers for wheeled agricultural and forestry
tractors. This point is designated as O below;
9.2.5.1.2. the straight line OQ which is the horizontal straight line passing
through the reference point and perpendicular to the median
longitudinal plane of the tractor;
9.2.5.2. zone I is the windscreen zone determined by the intersection of the
windscreen with the four planes defined below:
P1— a vertical plane passing through O and forming an angle of
15º to the left of the median longitudinal plane of the tractor,
P2— a vertical plane symmetrical to P1about the median
longitudinal plane of the tractor.
If this is not possible (in the absence of a symmetrical median
longitudinal plane, for instance) P2is the plane symmetrical
to P1about the longitudinal plane of the tractor passing
through the reference point,
P3— a plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an
angle of 10º above the horizontal plane,
P4— a plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an
angle of 8º below the horizontal plane.
9.2.5.3. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I,
as defined in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex, zone I ′consists of the
whole surface of the windscreen.
9.2.6. Interpretation of results
A type of windscreen is considered satisfactory as regards optical
distortion if, in the four samples submitted for testing, optical
distortion does not exceed a maximum value of 2 ′of an arcin either
zone I or zone I ′.
9.2.6.1. No measurement must be performed within a 100-mm-wide
peripheral zone.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 63
▼B
9.2.6.2. In the case of divided windscreens, no measurement is performed
within a band 35 mm in width, starting from the edge of the pane,
which may be adjacent to the screen divider.
9.3. Secondary-image separation test
9.3.1. Scope
Two test methods are recognized:
— target test, and
— collimation telescope test.
These test methods may be used for component type-approval,
quality-control or product-evaluation purposes, as appropriate.
9.3.1.1. Target test
9.3.1.1.1. Apparatus
This method involves viewing an illuminated target through the
safety-glass pane. The target may be designed in such a way that the
test can be carried out on a simple go/no go basis.
The target must preferably be of one of the following types:
(a) an illuminated ring target whose outer diameter, D, subtends an
angle of nminutes of arcat a point situated at xmetres (Figure
11a); or
(b) an illuminated ring and spot target whose dimensions are such
that the distance, D, from a point on the edge of the spot to the
nearest point on the inside of the circle subtends an angle of n
minutes of arcat a point situated at xmetres (Figure 11b);
where:
n is the limit value of secondary-image separation,
x is the distance from the safety-glass pane to the target (not less than
7 m),
is given by the formula:
D¼x/C1tan n
The illuminated target consists of a light box, approximately 300 mm
× 300 mm × 150 mm, whose front is most conveniently constructed
of glass masked with opaque black paper or coated with matt black
paint. The box is illuminated by a suitable light source. The inside of
the box is coated with matt white paint. It may be convenient to use
other forms of target, such as that shown in Figure 14. It is also
acceptable to replace the target system by a projection system and to
view the resulting images on a screen.
9.3.1.1.2. Procedure
Mount the safety-glass pane at the specified rake angle on a suitable
stand in such a way that the observation is carried out in the
horizontal plane passing through the centre of the target.
The light box must be viewed, in a dark or semi-dark room, through
each part of the area being examined, in order to detect the presence
of any secondary image associated with the illuminated target. Rotate
the safety-glass pane as necessary to ensure that the correct direction
of view is maintained. A monocular may be used for viewing.
9.3.1.1.3. Expression of results
Determine whether:
— when target (a) (see figure 11a) is used, the primary and
secondary image of the circle separate, i.e. whether the limit
value of nis exceeded, or
— when target (b) (see figure 11b) is used, the secondary image of
the spot shifts beyond the point of tangency with the inside edge
of the circle, i.e. whether the limit value of nis exceeded.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 64
▼B
Figure 11
Dimensions of targets
Figure 12
Arrangement of apparatus
1. Lamp bulb.
2. Condenser aperture > 8,6 mm.
3. Ground-glass screen aperture > condenser aperture.
4. Colour filter with central hole approximately 0,3 mm in diameter; diameter > 8,6 mm.
5. Polar-coordinate plate, diameter > 8,6 mm.
6. Achromatic lens, f ≥86 mm, aperture 10 mm.
7. Achromatic lens, f ≥86 mm, aperture 10 mm.
8. Black spot, diameter approximately 0,3 mm.
9. Achromatic lens, f = 20 mm, aperture ≤10 mm.
Figure 13
Apparatus for collimation telescope test1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 65
▼B
9.3.1.2. Collimation telescope test
If necessary, the procedure described in this section is applied.
9.3.1.2.1. Apparatus
The apparatus comprises a collimator and a telescope and may be set
up in accordance with Figure 13. However, any equivalent opticalsystem may be used.
9.3.1.2.2. Procedure
The collimation telescope forms at infinity the image of a polar-
coordinate system with a bright point at its centre (see Figure 14). In
the focal plane of the observation telescope, a small opaque spot with
a diameter slightly larger than of the projected bright point is placed
on the optical axis, thus obscuring the bright point.
Figure 14
Example of observation by the collimation telescope test method
9.3.1.2.2. When a test piece which exhibits a secondary image is placed
between the telescope and the collimator, a second, less bright point
appears at a certain distance from the centre of the polar-coordinate
system. The secondary-image separation can be read out as the
distance between the points seen through the observation telescope
(see Figure 14). (The distance between the dark spot and the bright
point at the centre of the polar-coordinate system represents the
optical deviation.)1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 66
▼B
9.3.1.2.3. Expression of results
The safety-glass pane is first examined by a simple scanning
technique to establish the area giving the strongest secondary image.
That area is then examined by the collimator telescope system at the
appropriate angle of incidence. The maximum secondary-image
separation is measured.
9.3.1.3. The direction of observation in the horizontal plane must be
maintained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in
that plane.
9.3.2. The measurements are performed according to tractor category in the
zones defined in section 9.2.2.
9.3.2.1. Tractor type
The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a
tractor of a type which has a forward field of vision different from
that of the tractor for which the windscreen has already been
approved.
9.3.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
9.3.3.1. Nature of the material
Polished (plate)
glassFloat glass Sheet glass
112
9.3.3.2. Other secondary characteristics
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
9.3.4. Number of samples
Four samples must be submitted for testing.
9.3.5. Interpretation of results
A type of windscreen is considered satisfactory as regards secondary-
image separation if, in the four samples submitted for testing,
separation of the primary and secondary image does not exceed a
maximum value of 15 ′of an arc.
9.3.5.1. No measurement must be carried out in a 100 mm-wide peripheral
zone.
9.3.5.2. In the case of divided windscreens no measurement may be
performed within a band 35 mm in width, starting from the edge
of the pane, which may be adjacent to the screen divider.
9.4. Identification of colours test
When a windscreen is tinted in the zones defined in 9.2.5.2 or
9.2.5.3, four windscreens are tested for identifiability of the
following colours:
white,
selective yellow,
red,green,blue,amber.
10. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
10.1. Purpose and scope of application
This method enables the horizontal burning rate of materials used in
the occupant compartment of tractors after exposure to a small flame
to be determined. This method permits testing of materials and
components of a tractor's interior equipment individually or in
combination up to a thickness of 15 mm. It is used to judge the
uniformity of production lots of such materials with respect to their
burning behaviour. Because of the many differences between the
real-world situation (application and orientation within a tractor;1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 67
▼B
conditions of use; ignition source, etc.) and the precise test conditions
prescribed herein, this method cannot be considered as suitable for
evaluation of all true in-tractor burning characteristics.
10.2. Definitions
10.2.1. Burning rate: the quotient of the burnt distance measured according
to this method and the time taken to burn that distance.
It is expressed in millimetres per minute.
10.2.2. Composite material: a material composed of several layers of similar
or different materials intimately held together at their surface by
cementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc. When different materials
are connected together intermittently (for example, by sewing, high-
frequency welding, riveting), then in order to permit the preparation
of individual samples in accordance with section 10.5 such materials
are not considered as composite materials.
10.2.3. Exposed side: the side which is facing towards the occupant
compartment (passenger compartment) when the material is mounted
in the tractor.
10.3. Principle
A sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and is exposed to
the action of a defined low-energy flame for 15 seconds in a
combustion chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample.
The test determines whether and when the flame is extinguished or
the time which the flame requires to proceed over a measured
distance.
10.4. Apparatus
10.4.1. Combustion chamber (Figure 15), preferably of stainless steel,
having the dimensions given in Figure 16. The front of the chamber
contains a flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the
entire front and which can be constructed as an access panel.
The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot
all around. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm
high.
The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the
sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is
provided for the gas supply line. Melted material is caught in a pan
(see Figure 17) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber
between vent holes without covering any vent hole area.
Figure 15
Example of combustion chamber with sample-holder and drip
pan1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 68
▼B
Figure 16
Example of combustion chamber
Figure 17
Typical drip pan
10.4.2. Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of
corrosion-proof material. Dimensions are given in Figure 18.
The lower plate is equipped with pins and the upper one with
corresponding holes, in order to ensure a consistent holding of the
sample. The pins also serve as measuring points at the beginning and
end of the burning distance.
A support is provided in the form of heat-resistant wires 0,25 mm in
diameter spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-
shaped frame (see Figure 19).1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 69
▼B
Figure 18
Example of sample holder
Figure 19
Example of section of lower U-frame design for wire support
facility
The plane of the lower side of samples must be 178 mm above the
floor plate. The distance of the front edge of the sample holder from
the end of the chamber must be 22 mm; the distance of the
longitudinal sides of the sample holder from the sides of the chamber
must be 50 mm (all inside dimensions). (See Figures 15 and 16.)
10.4.3. Gas burner. The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner
having an inside diameter of 9,5 mm. It is so located in the test
cabinet that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the centre of the
bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see Figure 16).1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 70
▼B
10.4.4. Test gas. The gas supplied to the burner must have a calorific value
of about 38 MJ/m3(for example natural gas).
10.4.5. Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven or eight smooth
rounded teeth per 25 mm.
10.4.6. Stop-watch, accurate to 0,5 second.10.4.7. Fume cupboard. The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume
cupboard assembly provided that the latter's internal volume is at
least 20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume
of the combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width,
or length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2½ times
either of the other two dimensions.
Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume
cupboard is measured 100 mm forward of and to the rear of the
ultimate site of the combustion chamber. It must be between 0,10 and
0,30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort to the operator from
combustion products. It is possible to use a fume cupboard with
natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
10.5. Samples
10.5.1. Shape and dimensions
The shape and dimensions of samples are given in Figure 20. The
thickness of the sample corresponds to the thickness of the product to
be tested. It must not be more than 13 mm. When sample taking so
permits, the sample must have a constant section over its entire
length. When the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit
taking a sample of the given size, the following minimum dimensions
must be observed:
(a) for samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length must be
356 mm. In this case the material is tested over the product's
width;
(b) for samples having a width of 60 to 100 mm, the length must be
at least 138 mm. In this case the potential burning distance
corresponds to the length of the sample, the measurement
starting at the first measuring point;
(c) samples less than 60 mm wide and less than 356 mm long, and
samples 60 to 100 mm wide and less than 138 mm long, cannot
be tested according to the present method, nor can samples less
than 3 mm wide.
10.5.2. Sampling
At least five samples are to be taken from the material under test. In
materials having burning rates differing according to the direction of
the material (this being established by preliminary tests) the five (or
more) samples are to be taken and placed in the test apparatus in such
a way that the highest burning rate will be measured. When the
material is supplied in set widths, a length of at least 500 mm
covering the entire width is cut. From the piece so cut, the samples
are to be taken at not less than 100 mm from the edge of the material
and at points equidistant from each other.
Samples are to be taken in the same way from finished products
when the shape of the product so permits. If the thickness of the
product is over 13 mm it must be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical
process applied to the side which does not face the passenger
compartment.
Composite materials (see 10.2.2) are to be tested as if they were
homogeneous.
In the case of materials comprising superimposed layers of different
composition which are not composite materials, all the layers of
material included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing
towards the passenger compartment are to be tested individually.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 71
▼B
Figure 20
Sample
10.5.3. Conditioning
The samples are to be conditioned for at least 24 hours, but no more
than 7 days, at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of
50 ± 5 %, and maintained under these conditions until immediately
prior to testing.
10.6. Procedure
10.6.1. Place samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface, and
comb twice against the nap using the comb (10.4.5).
10.6.2. Place the sample in the sample holder (10.4.2) so that the exposed
side faces downwards, towards the flame.
10.6.3. Adjust the gas flame to a height of 30 mm using the mark in the
chamber, the air intake of the burner being closed. The flame must
burn for at least one minute, for stabilization, before the first test is
started.
10.6.4. Push the sample holder into the combustion chamber so that the end
of the sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the
gas flow.
10.6.5. Measurement of burning time starts at the moment when the foot of
the flame passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame
propagation on the side (upper or lower) which burns faster.
10.6.6. Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come
to the last measuring point or when the flame is extinguished before
reaching that point. If the flame does not reach the last measuring
point, measure the burnt distance up to the point where the flame was
extinguished. Burnt distance is the part of the sample destroyed, on
the surface or inside, by burning.
10.6.7. If the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the
burner has been extinguished, or the flame goes out before reaching
the first measuring point, so that no burning time is measured, note in
the test report that the burning is 0 mm/minute.
10.6.8. When running a series of tests or performing repeat tests, make sure
before starting a test that the temperature of the combustion chamber
and sample-holder does not exceed 30 ºC.
10.7. Calculation
The burning rate, B, in millimetres per minute, is given by the
formula:
B¼s
t/C260
where:
s is the burnt distance, in millimetres,1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 72
▼B
t is the time, in seconds, taken to burn the distance s.
10.8. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristics are involved.
10.9. Interpretation of results
Plastic-coated (2.3) and plastic safety glazing (2.4) are considered
satisfactory from the point of view of burning behaviour (fire
resistance) if the burn rate does not exceed 250 mm/minute.
11. TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS
11.1. Chemical agents to be used
11.1.1. Non-abrasive soapy solution: 1 % by weight of potassium oleate in
de-ionized water.
11.1.2. Window-cleaning product: aqueous solution of isopropanol and
dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, each at a concentration of 5 to
10 % by weight, and of ammonium hydroxyde at a concentration of 1
to 5 % by weight.
11.1.3. Non-dilute denatured alcohol: one part by volume of methyl alcohol
in 10 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol.
11.1.4. Reference gasoline mixture of 50 % by volume of toluene, 30 % by
volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 15 % by volume of 2,4,4-
trimethyl-1-pentane and 5 % by volume of ethyl alcohol.
11.1.5. Reference kerosene: mixture of 50 % by volume of n-octane and
50 % by volume of n-decane.
11.2. Test method
Two 180 × 25 mm test pieces are each to be tested with chemical
agents as provided for in section 11.1, a new test piece being used for
each test and product. After each test the pieces are to be cleaned in
accordance with the manufacturer's instruction, and then conditioned
for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of
50 ± 5 %. These conditions are to be maintained during the tests. The
test pieces are to be completely immersed in the test liquid for one
minute, withdrawn and then immediately dried with a (clean)
absorbent cotton cloth.
11.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of the plasticinterlayer,
or coating 1 2
No secondary characteristic is involved.
11.4. Interpretation of the results
11.4.1. The test for resistance to chemical agents is considered to be positive
if the test pieces display no softening, stickiness, surface cracking or
apparent loss of transparency.
11.4.2. A series of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory as regards resistance to chemical agents if one
of the following conditions has been met:
11.4.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results;11.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 73
▼B
ANNEX III D
TOUGHENED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Toughened-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to different types
if they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary
characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;
1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Toughened-glass windscreens are considered as belonging to one or
other of two groups for the purposes of the fragmentation and
mechanical-properties tests, i.e.:
1.1.2.1. flat windscreens, and1.1.2.2. curved windscreens;1.1.3. the thickness category in which the nominal thickness ‘e’ lies (a
manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed):
— category I: e ≤4,5 mm
— category II: 4,5 mm < e ≤5,5 mm
— category III: 5,5 mm < e ≤6,5 mm
— category IV: 6,5 mm < e
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. colouring (colourless or tinted),
1.2.3. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. FRAGMENTATION TEST
2.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
2.1.1. Only the nature of the material is involved.2.1.2. Float glass and sheet glass are considered to have the same index of
difficulty.
2.1.3. The fragmentation tests must be repeated on transition from polished
(plate) glass to float glass or sheet glass, and vice versa.
2.1.4. The tests must be repeated if obscuration bands other than painted
bands are used.
2.2. Number of samples
Six samples from the smallest-developed-area series and six samples
from the largest-developed-area series, selected as prescibed in
Annex III M, are to be tested.
2.3. Different zones of glass
A toughened-glass windscreen must comprise two main zones, FI
and FII. It may also comprise an intermediate zone, FIII.
These zones are as defined below:
2.3.1. zone FI: peripheral zone of fine fragmentation, at least 7 cm wide, all
round the edge of the windscreen and including an outer strip 2 cm
wide not subjected to assessment;
2.3.2. zone FII: visibility zone of varying fragmentation, always including a
rectangular part at least 20 cm high and 50 cm long.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 74
▼B
2.3.2.1. The centre of the rectangle is inside a circle having a radius of 10 cm
centred on the projection of the reference point.
2.3.2.2. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine the
reference point, the position of the visibility zone must be indicated
in the test report.
2.3.2.3. The height of the above rectangle may be reduced to 15 cm for
windscreens which are less than 44 cm high;
2.3.3. zone FIII: intermediate zone, not more than 5 cm wide, between
zones FI and FII.
2.4. Test method
The method used is that described in section 1 of Annex III C.
2.5. Points of impact (see Annex III N, Figure 2).
2.5.1. The points of impact are selected as follows:
point 1: in the central part of zone FII in an area of high or low
strees;
point 2: in zone FIII, as near as possible to the vertical plane of
symmetry of zone FII;
points 3 and 3 ′: 3 cm from the edges of one median of the sample;
when there is a tong mark, one of the breakage points shall be near
the edge bearing the tong mark and the other near the opposite edge;
point 4: at the place where the radius of curvature is smallest on the
longest median;
point 5: 3 cm from the edge of the sample at the place where the
radius of curvature of the edge is smallest, either to the left or to the
right.
2.5.2. A fragmentation test is performed at each of the points 1, 2, 3, 3 ′,4
and 5.
2.6. Interpretation of results
2.6.1. A test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if fragmentation
satisfies all the conditions given in points 2.6.1.1, 2.6.1.2 and 2.6.1.3
below.
2.6.1.1. Zone FI
2.6.1.1.1. The number of fragments in any 5 × 5 cm square is not less than 40
nor more than 350; however, in the case of a count of less than 40, if
the number of fragments in any 10 × 10 cm square containing the 5 ×
5 cm square is not less than 160, this is acceptable.
2.6.1.1.2. For the purposes of the above rule, a fragment extending across a
side of a square counts as half a fragment.
2.6.1.1.3. Fragmentation is not checked in a strip 2 cm wide round the edge of
the samples, this strip representing the frame of the glass, nor within
a radius of 7,5 cm from the point of impact.
2.6.1.1.4. A maximum of three fragments of an area exceeding 3 cm2is
allowed. No two of these fragments must be contained within the
same 10 cm diameter circle.
2.6.1.1.5. Elongated fragments may be permitted provided that their ends are
not knife-edged and that their length does not exceed 7,5 cm, except
in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2 below. If these elongated
fragments extend to the edge of the glass, they must not form an
angle of more than 45º with it.
2.6.1.2. Zone FII
2.6.1.2.1. The residual visibility after shattering is checked in the rectangular
area defined in point 2.3.2. In that rectangle the aggregate surface
area of the fragments of more than 2 cm2must represent not less than
15 % of the area of the rectangle; however, in the case of
windscreens less than 44 cm high, or whose angle of installation is
less than 15º from the vertical, the visibility percentage must be equal
to 10 % at least of the surface of the corresponding rectangle.
2.6.1.2.2. No fragment must have an area of more than 16 cm2except in the
case provided for in point 2.6.2.2.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 75
▼B
2.6.1.2.3. Within a radius of 10 cm from the point of impact, but only in that
part of the circle which is included in zone FII, three fragments
having an area of more than 16 cm2but less than 25 cm2are allowed.
2.6.1.2.4. Fragments must be substantially regular in shape and free from points
of the type described in point 2.6.1.2.4.1. However, not more than 10
irregular fragments are allowed in any 50 × 20 cm rectangle and notmore than 25 over the whole surface of the windscreen.
No such fragment must present a point more than 35 mm long
measured in accordance with point 2.6.1.2.4.1.
2.6.1.2.4.1. A fragment is considered as an irregular fragment if it cannot be
inscribed in a circle of 40 mm in diameter, if it has at least one point
more than 15 mm long when measured from the top of the point to
the section whose width is equal to the glazing thickness, and if it has
one or more points having a top angle smaller than 40º.
2.6.1.2.5. Fragments of elongated shape are allowed in zone FII as a whole,
provided they do not exceed 10 cm in length, except in the case
provided for in point 2.6.2.2.
2.6.1.3. Zone FIII
Fragmentation in this zone must have characteristics intermediate
between those of the fragmentations respectively allowed for the two
neighbouring zones (FI and FII).
2.6.2. A windscreen submitted for component type-approval is considered
satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if at least one of
the following conditions is fulfilled:
2.6.2.1. when all the tests carried out using the points of impact defined in
point 2.5.1 have given a satisfactory result;
2.6.2.2. when one test among all those carried out using the points of impact
prescribed in point 2.5.1 has given an unsatisfactory result, taking
account of deviations which do not exceed the following limits:
zone FI: not more than five fragments between 7,5 and 15 cm long;
zone FII: not more than three fragments of between 16 and 20 cm
2in
area located outside the circle having a radius of 10 cm centred on
the point of impact;
zone FIII: not more than four fragments between 10 and 17,5 cm
long,
and is repeated on a new sample, which either conforms to the
requirements of section 2.6.1 or presents deviations within the above
specified limits.
2.6.2.3. when two tests among all the tests carried out using the points of
impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given an unsatisfactory result
for deviations not exceeding the limits specified in point 2.6.2.2 and
a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples conform
to the requirements of section 2.6.1, or not more than two samples of
the new set present deviations within the above specified limits of
point 2.6.2.2.
2.6.3. If the abovementioned deviations are found, they must be noted in
the test report and photographs of the relevant parts of the
windscreen attached to the report.
3. HEADFORM TEST
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of samples
3.2.1. For each group of toughened-glass windscreens, four samples having
approximately the smallest developed area and four samples having
approximately the largest developed area, all eight samples being of
the same types as those selected for the fragmentation tests (see 2.2)
are subjected to testing.
3.2.2. Alternatively, at the discretion of the laboratory conducting the tests,
for each category of windscreen thickness, six test pieces of the
dimension (1 100 × 500 mm) + 5/− 2 mm are subjected to testing.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 76
▼B
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.
3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,50 m + 0/− 5 mm.
3.4. Interpretation of results
3.4.1. The test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the
windscreen or the test piece is fractured.
3.4.2. A set of samples submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the headform test
if either of the two following conditions is fulfilled:
3.4.2.1. all the tests have given a satisfactory result;
3.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of samples and give satisfactory
results.
4. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirements concerning optical qualities set out in section 9 of
Annex III C apply to every type of windscreen.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 77
▼B
ANNEX III E
UNIFORMLY TOUGHENED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WIND-
SCREENS (1)
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Uniformly toughened glass panes, are deemed to belong to different
types if they differ in at least one of the following principal or
secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name mark;
1.1.2. the nature of the toughening process (thermal or chemical);1.1.3. the shape category; two categories are distinguished:
1.1.3.1. flat glass panes,
1.1.3.2. flat and curved glass panes.1.1.4. The thickness category in which the nominal thickness ‘e’ lies (a
manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed):
— category I: e ≤3.5
— category II: 3,5 mm < e ≤4.5
— category III: 4,5 mm < e ≤6.5
— category IV: 6,5 mm < e
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. colouring (colourless or tinted),1.2.3. the incorporation or absence of conductors.
2. FRAGMENTATION TEST
2.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Material Index of difficulty
Plate glass 2
Float glass 1
Sheet glass 1
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
2.2 Selection of samples
2.2.1. Samples of each shape category and of each thickness category
difficult to produce are selected according to the following criteria
for testing:
2.2.1.1. in the case of flat glass panes, two sets of samples are provided,
corresponding to:
2.2.1.1.1. the largest developed area,
2.2.1.1.2. the smallest angle between two adjacent sides.
2.2.1.2. In the case of flat and curved glass panes, three sets of samples are
provided, corresponding to:1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 78
(1) This type of uniformly toughened-glass pane can also be used for windscreens for
tractors.
▼B
2.2.1.2.1. the largest developed area,
2.2.1.2.2. the smallest angle between two adjacent sides,
2.2.1.2.3. the largest height of segment.
2.2.2. Tests carried out on samples corresponding to the largest area, S, are
considered to be applicable to any other area smaller than S+5% .
2.2.3. If the samples submitted present an angle, γ,smaller than 30º, the
tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced having
an angle greater than γ−5º.
If the samples submitted present an angle, γ,greater than or equal to
30º, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced
having an angle equal to or greater than 30º.
2.2.4. If the height of segment, h, of the samples submitted is greater than
100 mm, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes
produced having a height of segment smaller than h + 30 mm.
If the height of segment of the samples submitted is less than or equal
to 100 mm, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes
having a height of segment less than or equal to 100 mm.
2.3. Number of samples per set
The number of samples in each group shall be as follows, according
to the shape category defined in point 1.1.3 above:
Kind of glass pane Number of samples
Flat (two sets) 4
Flat and curved (three sets) 5
2.4. Test method
2.4.1. The method used is that described in section 1 Annex III C.
2.5. Points of impact (see Annex III N, Figure 3)
2.5.1. For flat glass panes and curved glass panes the points of impact
represented respectively in Annex III N, Figures 3a and 3b on the one
hand, and in Annex III N, Figure 3con the other hand, are as follows:
point 1: 3 cm from the edges of the glass pane in the part where the
radius of curvature of the edge is smallest;
point 2: 3 cm from the edge of one of the medians, the side (if any) of
the glass pane bearing tong marks being selected;
point 3: in the geometricc entre of the glass;
point 4: for curved glass panes only; this point is selected on the
largest median in that part of the pane where the radius of curvature
is smallest.
2.5.2. Only one test is carried out at each prescribed point of impact.
2.6. Interpretation of results
2.6.1. A test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if fragmentation
satisfies the following conditions:
2.6.1.1. the number of fragments in any 5 × 5 cm2square is not less than 40
or more than 400, or, in the case of glazing not more than 3,5 mm
thick, 450.
2.6.1.2. For the purpose of the above rule, a fragment extending across a side
of a square counts as half a fragment.
2.6.1.3. Fragmentation is not checked in a strip 2 cm wide round the edge of
the samples, this strip representing the frame of the glass; nor within
a radius of 7,5 cm from the point of impact.
2.6.1.4. Fragments of an area exceeding 3 cm2are not allowed except in the
parts defined in point 2.6.1.3.
2.6.1.5. A few fragments of elongated shape are allowed, provided that:
— their ends are not knife-edged,1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 79
▼B
— if they extend to the edge of the glass pane they do not form an
angle of more than 45º with it,
and if, except in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2. below if their
length does not exceed 7,5 cm.
2.6.2. A set of samples submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if
at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
2.6.2.1. when all tests carried out using the points of impact prescribed in
point 2.5.1 have given a satisfactory result;
2.6.2.2. when one test among all those carried out using the points of impact
prescribed in point 2.5.1. has given an unsatisfactory result, taking
account of deviations which do not exceed the following limits:
— not more than five fragments between 6 and 7,5 cm long,
— not more than five fragments between 7,5 and 10 cm long,
and is repeated on a new sample which either conforms to the
requirements of section 2.6.1 or presents deviations within the above
specified limits.
2.6.2.3. When two tests among all the tests carried out using the points of
impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given an unsatisfactory result,
taking account of deviations not exceeding the limits specified in
point 2.6.2.2, and a further series of tests carried out on a new set of
samples conform to the prescriptions of section 2.6.1. or not more
than two samples of the new set present deviations within the above
specified limits of point 2.6.2.2.
2.6.3. If the abovementioned deviations are found, they must be noted in
the test report and photographs of the relevant parts of the glass pane
attached to the report.
3. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST
3.1. 227-g-ball test
3.1.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics.
MaterialIndex of diffi-
cultyColouringIndex of diffi-
culty
Polished glass 2 colourless 1
Float glass 1 tinted 2
Sheet glass 1
The other secondary characteristic (namely, incorporation or absence
of conductors) is not involved.
3.1.2. Number of test pieces
Six test pieces are subjected to testing for each thickness category
defined in point 1.1.4 above.
3.1.3. Test method
3.1.3.1. The test method used is that described in section 2.1 of Annex III C.3.1.3.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper
surface of the test piece) is indicated in the following table, according
to thickness of the glass pane:
Nominal thickness of glass pane (e) Height of drop
e≤3,5 mm 2,0 m + 5 / − 0 mm
3,5 mm < e 2,5 m + 5 / − 0 mm
3.1.4. Interpretation of results
3.1.4.1. The test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the test piece
does not break.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 80
▼B
3.1.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of mechanical strength
if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
3.1.4.2.1. when not more than one test has given an unsatisfactory result,
3.1.4.2.2. when two tests having given unsatisfactory results, a further series of
tests carried out on a new set of six test pieces give satisfactory
results.
4. OPTICAL QUALITIES
4.1. The requirements concerning regular light transmittance set out in
section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to uniformly toughened glass panes
or parts of glass panes located at places which are essential to the
driver's vision.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 81
▼B
ANNEX III F
ORDINARY LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to
different types if they differ in at least one of the following principal
or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to one
group for the purposes of tests of mechanical properties and of
resistance to the environment;
1.1.3. the number of layers of glass;1.1.4. the nominal thickness ‘e’ of the windscreen, a manufacturing
tolerance of 0,2 nmm (nbeing the number of layers of glass in
the windscreen) above or below the nominal value being allowed;
1.1.5. the nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers;
1.1.6. the nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers (e.g. PVB or other
plastic-material interlayer or interlayers).
1.2 The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet
glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers
(colourless or tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),
1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of conductors,
1.2.5. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, tests other than
headform tests (section 3.2) and tests of optical qualities are
conducted on flat test pieces which are either cut from actual
windscreens or are specially made for the purpose. In either case the
test pieces must in all respects be rigorously representative of the
production windscreens for which component type-approval is
sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces must be stored for not less than four
hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC. The tests must take place as soon
as possible after the test pieces have been taken out of the receptacle
in which they were stored.
3. HEADFORM TEST
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Headform test on a complete windscreen
3.2.1. Number of samples
Four samples from the smallest-developed-area series and four
samples from the largest-developed-area series, selected in accor-
dance with the provisions of Annex III M are tested.
3.2.2. Test method
3.2.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.2 of Annexe III C.
3.2.2.2. The drop height is 1,5 m + 0/− 5 mm.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 82
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3.2.3. Interpretation of results
3.2.3.1. This test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are fulfilled:
3.2.3.1.1. the sample breaks displaying numerous circular cracks centred
approximately on the point of impact, the cracks nearest to the point
of impact being not more than 80 mm from it;
3.2.3.1.2. the layers of glass must remain adhering to the plastic-material
interlayer. One or more partial separations from the interlayer with a
distance of less than 4 mm in breadth, on either side of the crack, are
permitted outside a circle of 60 mm in diameter centred on the point
of impact.
3.2.3.1.3. On the impact side:3.2.3.1.3.1. the interlayer must not be laid bare over an area of more than 20 cm
2,
3.2.3.1.3.2. a tear in the interlayer up to a length of 35 mm is allowed.
3.2.3.2. A set of samples submitted for approval are considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the headform test if one of the following
two conditions is met:
3.2.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.2.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of samples give satisfactory results.
3.3. Head form test on flat test pieces
3.3.1. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring (1 100 mm × 500 mm) + 5/− 2 mm are
subjected to testing.
3.3.2. Test method
3.3.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.1 of Annex III C.3.3.2.2. The height of drop is 4 m + 25/− 0 mm.
3.3.3. Interpretation of results
3.3.3.1. This test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are fulfilled:
3.3.3.1.1. the test piece yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks
centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.3.3.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed provided that the manikin's head
does not pass through the test piece;
3.3.3.1.3. no large fragments of glass become detached from the interlayer.3.3.3.2. a set of test pieces submitted for approval are considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the headform test if one of the following
two conditions is met:
3.3.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or
3.3.3.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. 2 260-g-ball test
4.2.1. Number of test pieces
Six square test pieces of 300 mm + 10/− 0 mm side are subjected to
testing.
4.2.2. Test method
4.2.2.1. The method used is that described in section 2.2 of Annex III C.
4.2.2.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper face
of the test piece) is 4 m + 25/− 0 mm.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 83
▼B
4.2.3. Interpretation of results
4.2.3.1. The test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the ball does
not pass through the glazing within five seconds from the moment of
impact.
4.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval is
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the 2 260-g-ball test
if one of the following two conditions is met:
4.2.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or
4.2.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
4.3. 227-g-ball test
4.3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.3.2. Number of test pieces
20 square test pieces of 300 mm + 10/− 0 mm side are subjected to
testing.
4.3.3. Test method
4.3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 2.1 of Annex III C. 10
specimens are tested at a temperature of + 40 ± 2 ºC and 10 at a
temperature of − 20 ± 2 ºC.
4.3.3.2. The height of drop for the various thickness categories and the mass
of the detached fragments are given in the table below:
Thickness of test piece + 40 ºC − 20 ºC
mmHeight of fallMaximum
permitted
mass of the
fragmentsHeight of fallMaximum
permitted
mass of the
fragments
m (*) g m (*) g
e≤4,5 9 12 8,5 12
4,5 < e ≤5,5 10 15 9 15
5,5 < e ≤6,5 11 20 9,5 20
e > 6,5 12 25 10 25
(*) A tolerance of + 25/− 0 mm is allowed in height of fall.
4.3.4. Interpretation of results
4.3.4.1. the test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
— the ball does not pass through the test piece,
— the test piece does not break into several pieces,— if the interlayer ist not torn, the weight of fragments detached
from the side of the glass opposite to the point of impact must not
exceed the appropriate values specified in point 4.3.3.2.
4.3.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the 227-g-ball test if
one of the following conditions is met:
4.3.4.2.1. not less than eight tests at each test temperature give a satisfactory
result, or
4.3.4.2.2. more than two tests at each test temperature having given an
unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests must be carried out on a
new set of test pieces and give satisfactory results.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 84
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5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Indicesof difficulty and tes t method
The requirements of section 4 of Annex III C apply, the test being
continued for 1 000 cycles.
5.1.2. Interpretation of results
The safety-glass pane is considered satisfactory with respect to
abrasion resistance if the light scatter as a result of abrasion of the
test piece does not exceed 2 %.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
5.3.1. General requirement
This test is performed only if the laboratory deems it useful in the
light of the information in its possession concerning the interlayer.
5.3.2. The requirement of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The requirement of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirement concerning optical qualities set out in section 9 of
Annex III C apply to every type of windscreen.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 85
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ANNEX III G
LAMINATED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS (1)
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens are deemed to belong
to different types if they differ in at least one of the following
principal or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the thickness category of the pane in which the nominal thickness ‘e’
lies, a manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 nmm, (nbeing the number
of layers of glass in the pane) being allowed:
— category I: e ≤5,5 mm,
— category II: 5,5 mm < e ≤6,5 mm,
— category III: 6,5 mm < e
1.1.3. the nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers;
1.1.4. the nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers, e.g. PVB or other
plastic-material interlayer or interlayers;
1.1.5. any special treatment which one of the layers of glass may have
undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet
glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers
(colourless or tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted).
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the tests
are conducted on flat test pieces which are either cut from actual
glass panes or are specially made. In either case the test pieces must
in all respects be rigorously representative of the glass panes for the
production of which component type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces of laminated glass must be stored for
not less than 4 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC. The tests are
performed on the test pieces as soon as the pieces have been taken
out of the receptacle in which they were stored.
2.3. The provisions of this Annex are considered to be met if the glazing
submitted for component type-approval is of the same composition as
a windscreen already approved under the provisions of Annex III F,
III H or III I.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 25/− 0 mm) are
subjected to testing.
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 86
(1) This type of laminated-glass pane can also be used for windscreens for tractors.
▼B
3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,50 m + 0/− 5 mm. This is increased to 4 m +
25/− 0 mm for glass panes used as tractor windscreens.
3.4. Interpretation of results
3.4.1. This test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are met:
3.4.1.1. the test piece yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks
centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.4.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed, but the manikin's head must not
pass through;
3.4.1.3. no large fragments of glass become detached from the interlayer.
3.4.2. A set of test pieces subjected to component type-approval testing are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the headform test if
one of the following two conditions is met:
3.4.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST — 227-g-BALL TEST
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. Number of test pieces
Four flat square test pieces of side 300 mm (+ 10/− 0 mm) must be
subjected to tests.
4.3. Test method
4.3.1. The method used is that described in section 2.1 of Annex III C.
4.3.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper face
of the test piece) is as indicated in the following table as a function of
nominal thickness:
Nominal thickness Height of drop
e≤5,5 mm 5 m
+ 25 mm/− 0 mm 5,5 mm ≤e≤6,5 mm 6 m
6,5 mm ≤e7 m
4.4. Interpretation of results
4.4.1. The test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
— the ball does not pass through the test piece,
— the test piece does not break into several fragments,
— the total weight of the few fragments which may be produced on
the side opposite to the point of impact does not exceed 15 g.
4.4.2. A set of test pieces subjected to component type-approval testing are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of mechanical strength
if one of the following conditions is met:
4.4.2.1. all the tests have given a satisfactory result, or
4.4.2.2. not more than two tests having given an unsatisfactory result, a
further series of tests must be carried out on a new set of test pieces
and give satisfactory results.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 87
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5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Indicesof difficulty and tes t method
The requirements of section 4 of Annex III C apply, the test being
continued for 1 000 cycles.
5.1.2. Interpretation of results
The safety-glass pane is considered satisfactory form the point of
view of abrasion resistance if the light scatter as a result of abrasion
of the test piece does not exceed 2 %.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
5.3.1. General requirement
This test is performed only if the laboratory deems it useful in the
light of the information in its possession concerning the interlayer.
5.3.2. The requirements of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
5.4.1. The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES6.1. Light transmittance
The provisions concerning the regular light transmittance set out in
section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to glass panes other than
windscreens, or parts of glass panes located at places which are
essential to the driver's vision.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 88
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ANNEX III H
TREATED LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Treated laminated-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to
different types if they differ in at least one of the following principal
or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;
1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Treated laminated-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to one
group for the purposes of the fragmentation, mechanical properties
and resistance to the environment tests;
1.1.3. the number of layers of glass;1.1.4. the nominal thickness ‘e’ of the windscreen, a manufacturing
tolerance of 0,2 nmm, (nbeing the number of layers of glass in
the windscrean) above and below the nominal value being allowed;
1.1.5. any special treatment which one or more layers of glass may have
undergone;
1.1.6. the nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers;
1.1.7. the nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers (e.g. PVB or other
plastic-material interlayer or interlayers).
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet
glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers
(colourless or tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),
1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.5. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of treated laminated-glass windscreens, tests other than
the headform test on a complete windscreen and tests of optical
qualities are conducted on samples and/or flat test pieces which are
specially made for the purpose. However, the test pieces must in all
respects be rigorously representative of the production windscreens
for which component type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces or samples must be stored for not less
than 4 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC. The tests must take place
as soon as possible after the test pieces or samples have been taken
out of the receptacle in which they were stored.
3. TESTS PRESCRIBED
Treated laminated-glass windscreans are to be subjected to:
3.1. the tests prescribed in Annex III F for ordinary laminated-glass
windscreens,
3.2. the fragmentation test described in section 4 below.
4. FRAGMENTATION TEST4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Material Index of difficulty
Plate glass 2
Float glass 11989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 89
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Material Index of difficulty
Sheet glass 1
4.2. Number of test pieces or samples
One test piece measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 5/− 2 mm) or one
sample for each point of impact is subjected to testing.
4.3. Test method
The method used is that described in section 1 of Annex III C.
4.4. Impact point or points
The glass pane is struck on each of the outer treated sheets in the
centre of the test piece or sample.
4.5. Interpretation of results
4.5.1. For each point of impact the fragmentation test is considered to have
given a satisfactory result if the total surface of fragments having a
surface area of more than 2 cm2comprised in a rectangle as defined
in point 2.3.2 of Annex III D represents not less than 15 % of the
surface of that rectangle.
4.5.1.1. In the case of a sample:
4.5.1.1.1. the centre of the rectangle is situated within a circle having a radius
of 10 cm centred on the projection of the reference point as defined
in point 1.2 of the Annex ‘field of vision’ to Directive 74/347/EEC
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
field of vision and windscreen wipers for wheeled agricultural or
forestry tractors.
4.5.1.1.2. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine the
reference point, the position of the visibility zone must be indicated
in the test report.
4.5.1.1.3. The height of the rectangle may be reduced to 15 cm for windscreens
which are less than 44 cm high or whose angle of installation is less
than 15º from the vertical; the percentage of visibility must be equal
to 10 % at least of the area of the corresponding rectangle.
4.5.1.2. In the case of a test piece, the centre of the rectangle must be situated
on the greater axis of the test piece at 450 mm from one of its edges.
4.5.2. The test piece(s) or sample(s) submitted for component type-
approval are considered satisfactory from the point of view of
fragmentation if either of the following conditions is met:
4.5.2.1. the test gives a satisfactory result for each point of impact, or
4.5.2.2. the test having been repeated on a new set of four test pieces for each
point of impact for which it had originally given an unsatisfactory
result, the four new tests performed at the same impact points must
all give a satisfactory result.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 90
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ANNEX III I
SAFETY-GLASS PANES FACED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL ON THE
INSIDE
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Safety glazing materials, as defined in Annexes III D to III H, if coated on
the inner face with a layer of plastic material, must conform not only to the
requirements of the appropriate Annexes but also to the following
requirements.
2. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO ABRASION2.1.Indices of difficulty and test method
The plastic coating is to be subjected to a test for 100 cycles in accordance
with the requirements specified in section 4 of Annex III C.
2.2.Interpretation of results
The plastic coating is considered satisfactory with respect to abrasion
resistance if the light scatter as a result of abrasion of the test piece does not
exceed 4 %.
3. RESISTANCE-TO-HUMIDITY TEST
3.1. In the case of plastic-coated toughened safety glazing material a resistance-
to-humidity test is to be performed.
3.2. The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
4. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES
The requirements of section 8 of Annex III C apply.
5. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
The requirements of section 10 of Annex III C apply.
6. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
The requirements of section 11 of Annex III C apply.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 91
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ANNEX III J
GLASS-PLASTIC WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Glass-plastic windscreens are considered to belong to different types
if they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary
characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Glass-plasticwindsc reens are deemed to belong to a group for the
purposes of tests of mechanical strength, resistance to the environ-
ment, resistance to temperature changes and resistance to chemical
agents;
1.1.3. the number of plasticlayers;
1.1.4. the nominal thickness ‘e’ of the windscreen, a manufacturing
tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed;
1.1.5. the nominal thickness of the layer of glass;
1.1.6. the nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer(s);
1.1.7. the nature and type of the layer(s) of plasticac ting as interlayer(s) (e.
g. PVB or other material) and of the plasticlayer situated on the
inner face;
1.1.8. any special treatment the glass pane may have undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (plate glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of any layer(s) of plastic (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),
1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.5. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of glass-plastic windscreens, tests other than headform
tests (3.2) and tests of optical qualities are conducted on flat test
pieces which are either cut from actual windscreens or are specially
made for the purpose. In either case the test pieces must in all
respects be rigorously representative of the production windscreens
for which component type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces must be stored for not less than 4
hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC. The tests must take place as soon
as possible after the test pieces have been taken out of the receptacle
in which they were stored.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Headform test on a complete windscreen
3.2.1. Number of samples
Four samples from the series having the smallest developed area and
four samples from the series having the largest developed area,
selected in accordance with the provisions of Annex III M, are tested.
3.2.2. Test method
3.2.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.2 of Annex III C.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 92
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3.2.2.2. The height of drop is 1,50 m + 0/− 5 mm.
3.2.3. Interpretation of results
3.2.3.1. This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.2.3.1.1. the layer of glass breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks centred
approximately on the point of impact, the cracks nearest to the point
of impact being not more than 80 mm from it;
3.2.3.1.2. the layer of glass remains adhering to the plasticmaterial interlayer.
One or more partial separations from the interlayer not more than 4
mm in breadth may be allowed on either side of the crack outside a
circle 60 mm in diameter centred on the point of impact;
3.2.3.1.3. a tear in the interlayer of a length up to 35 mm is allowed on the
impact side.
3.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory with respect to the headform test if one of the
following two conditions is met:
3.2.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or
3.2.3.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
3.3. Headform test on flat test pieces
3.3.1. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 5/− 2 mm) are
subjected to testing.
3.3.2. Test method
3.3.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.1 of Annex III C.3.3.2.2. The height of drop is 4 m + 25/− 0 mm.
3.3.3. Interpretation of results
3.3.3.1. This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.3.3.1.1. the layer of glass yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular
cracks centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.3.3.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed, but the manikin's head must not
pass through;
3.3.3.1.3. no large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.3.3.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory with respect to the headform test if one of the
following conditions is met:
3.3.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or
3.3.3.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST4.1. Indices of difficulty, test method and interpretation of results
The requirements of section 4 of Annex III F apply.
4.2. However the third requirement set out in point 4.3.4.1 of Annex III F
is not relevant.
5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Test of resistance to abrasion on the outer face
5.1.1.1. The requirements of section 5.1 of Annex III F apply.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 93
▼B
5.1.2. Test of resistance to abrasion on the inner face
5.1.2.1. The requirements of section 2 of Annex III I apply.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
The requirements of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
5.5. Test of resistance to temperature changes
The requirements of section 8 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirements concerning optical qualities set out in section 9 of
Annex III C apply to each type of windscreen.
7. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
The requirements of section 10 of Annex III C apply.
8. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
The requirements of section 11 of Annex III C apply.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 94
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ANNEX III K
GLASS-PLASTIC PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS (1)
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens are considered to belong
to different types if they differ in at least one of the following
principal or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;
1.1.2. the thickness category applicable to the nominal thickness ‘e’, a
manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed:
— category I: e ≤3,5 mm
— category II: 3,5 mm < e ≤4,5 mm
— category III: 4,5 mm < e
1.1.3. the nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastic material acting as
interlayer(s);
1.1.4. the nominal thickness of the glass pane;
1.1.5. the type of the layer(s) of plasticmaterial ac ting as interlayer(s) (e.g.
PVB or other material) and of the plasticlayer on the inner fac e;
1.1.6. any special treatment which the layer of glass may have undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (plate glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of any layer(s) of plastic (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted).
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of glass-plastic panes other than windscreens the tests are
conducted on flat test pieces which are either cut from normal glass
panes or are specially made. In either case the test pieces must in all
respects be rigorously representative of the production glass panes
for which component type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces of glass-plastic panes must be stored
for not less than 4 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC. The tests must
take place as soon as possible after the test pieces have been taken
out of the receptacle in which they were stored.
2.3. The provisions of this Annex are considered to be met if the glass
pane submitted for component type-approval has the same composi-
tion as that of a windscreen already approved under the provisions of
Annex III J.
3. HEADFORM TEST
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 5/− 2 mm) are
subjected to testing.
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 95
(1) This type of glass-plastic pane can also be used for windscreens for tractors.
▼B
3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,50 m + 0/− 5 mm. (This height is increased to
4 m + 25/− 0 mm for glass panes used as tractor windscreens.)
3.4. Interpretation of results
3.4.1. This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.4.1.1. the layer of glass breaks, displaying numerous cracks;
3.4.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed, provided that the manikin's head
does not pass through the test piece;
3.4.1.3. no large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.
3.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory with respect to the headform test if one of the
following conditions is met:
3.4.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or
3.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST — 227-g-BALL TEST
4.1. The provisions of section 4 of Annex III G apply, with the exception
of the table in point 4.3.2, which is replaced by:
Nominal thickness Height of drop
e≤3,5 mm 5m/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150+ 25/− 0 mm 3,5 mm < e ≤4,5 mm 6 m
e > 4,5 mm 7 m
4.2. However the requirement in the third indent of point 4.4.1 of Annex
III G is not relevant.
5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Test of resistance to abrasion on the outer face
The requirements of section 5.1 of Annex III G apply.
5.1.2. Test of resistance to abrasion on the inner face
The requirements of section 2.1 of Annex III I apply.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
The requirements of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
5.5. Test of resistance to temperature changes
The requirements of section 8 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirements concerning the regular light transmittance set out
in section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to glass panes or parts of glass
panes located at places which are essential to the driver's vision.
7. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
The requirements of section 10 of Annex III C apply.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 96
▼B
8. TEST RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
The requirements of section 11 of Annex III C apply.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 97
▼B
ANNEX III L
DOUBLE-GLAZED UNITS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Double-glazed units are considered to belong to different types if
they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary
characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the composition of the double-glazed unit (symmetrical, asymme-
trical);
1.1.3. the type of each component glass pane as defined in section 1 of
Annex III E, III G or III K;
1.1.4. the nominal width of the gap between the two glass panes;1.1.5. the type of sealing (organic, or glass to glass/glass to metal).
1.2. The secondary characteristics are:
1.2.1. The secondary characteristics of each component glass pane, as
defined in section 1.2 of Annex III E, III G or III K.
2. GENERAL
2.1. Each component glass pane forming the double-glazed unit must
either be type-approved or subjected to the requirements set out in
the relevant Annex (III E, III G or III K).
2.2. Tests carried out on double-glazed units having a nominal width of
gap ‘e’ are considered to be applicable to all double-glazed units
having the same characteristics and a nominal width of gap ‘e’ ± 3
mm. However, the applicant for component type-approval may
submit for the tests the sample having the smallest gap and the
sample having the largest gap.
2.3. In the case of double-glazed units having at least one laminated-glass
pane or one glass-plasticpane, the test piec es are stored for at least 4
hours prior to the test at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC. The tests must
take place immediately after the test pieces are taken out of the
receptacle in which they were stored.
3. HEADFORM TEST
3.1. Index of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of test pieces
Six test pieces measuring 1 100 mm × 500 mm (+ 5/− 22 mm)
subjected to testing for each thickness category of the component
panes and each gap thickness as defined in point 1.1.4 above.
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.
3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,5 m (+ 0/− 5 mm).3.3.3. In the case of asymetrical double-glazing three tests on each side
shall be carried out.
3.4. Interpretation of results
3.4.1. Double glazing comprising two panes of uniformly toughened glass.
The test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if both
components break.
3.4.2. Double glazing comprising two panes of laminated glass other than
windscreens.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 98
▼B
The test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are fulfilled:
3.4.2.1. both components of the test piece yield and break, displaying
numerous circular cracks centred approximately on the point of
impact;
3.4.2.2. tears in the interlayers are allowed but the manikin's head must not
pass through;
3.4.2.3. no large fragments of glass become detached from the interlayer.
3.4.3. Double glazing consisting of a uniformly toughened glass pane and
of a laminated-glass pane or glass-plasticpane other than wind-
screens.
This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.4.3.1. the toughened-glass pane breaks;
3.4.3.2. the laminated-glass pane or glass-plasticpane yields and breaks,
displaying numerous circular cracks centred approximately on the
point of impact;
3.4.3.3. tears in the interlayer(s) are allowed provided that the manikin's head
does not pass through the test piece;
3.4.3.4. no large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.
3.4.4. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory with respect to behaviour under head impact
if one of the following two conditions is met:
3.4.4.1. all the tests give satisfactory results.3.4.4.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory
results.
4. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirement concerning the regular light transmittance set out in
section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to double-glazed units or parts of
double-glazed units located at places which are essential to the
driver's vision.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 99
▼B
ANNEX III M
GROUPING OF WINDSCREENS FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
TESTING
1. The features taken into account are:
1.1. the developed area of the windscreen;1.2. the height of segment;1.3. the curvature.2. A group is made up of a thickness class.3. Classification is performed in ascending order of developed area.
The five largest and the five smallest developed areas are selected,
and numbered as follows:
1 for the largest 1 for the smallest
2 for the next smallest after 1 2 for the next largest after 13 for the next smallest after 2 3 for the next largest after 2
4 for the next smallest after 3 4 for the next largest after 3
5 for the next smallest after 4 5 for the next largest after 4
4. Within each of the two series defined in point 3 above, the heights of
segment are indicated as follows:
1 for the greatest height of segment,
2 for the next smallest,
3 for the next smallest, etc.
5. Within each of the two series defined in point 3 above, the radii of
curvature are indicated as follows:
1 for the smallest radius of curvature,
2 for the next greatest,
3 for the next greatest, etc.
6. The numbers awarded to each windscreen in the two series defined in
point 3 above are added together.
6.1. That windscreen among the five largest which has the smallest total
and that windscreen among the five smallest which has the smallest
total are selected for the full tests defined in Annex III D, III F, III H,
III I or III J.
6.2 The other windscreens in the same series are tested to verify the
optical qualities defined in section 9 of Annex III C.
7. A few windscreens having significantly different parameters of shape
and/or radius of curvature from the extremes of the selected group
may also be tested if the technical service conducting the tests
considers that the parameters in question are likely to have
appreciable adverse effects.
8. The limits of the group are determined by developed area of
windscreen. Where a windscreen submitted for component type-
approval has a developed area outside the approved limits and/or has
a significantly greater height of segment or a significantly smaller
radius of curvature, it is considered to be of a new type and subjected
to additional tests if the technical service deems such tests technically
necessary, having regard to the information already in its possession
concerning the product and the material used.
9. Should any other windscreen model subsequently be manufactured
by the holder of component type-approval in a thickness class
already approved:
9.1. it must be ascertained whether that model can be included among the
five largest or the five smallest selected for component type-approval
of the group in question;
9.2. numbering by the procedures defined in points 3, 4 and 5 above is
performed again;1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 100
▼B
9.3. if the sum of the numbers awarded to the windscreen newly
incorporated among the five largest or the five smallest windscreens:
9.3.1. is found to be the smallest, the following tests are performed:
9.3.1.1. toughened-glass windscreen:
9.3.1.1.1. fragmentation,9.3.1.1.2. headform impact,9.3.1.1.3. optical distortion,
9.3.1.1.4. secondary-image separation,
9.3.1.1.5. light transmission;9.3.1.2. Laminated-glass or glass-plasticwindsc reen:
9.3.1.2.1. headform impact,
9.3.1.2.2. optical distortion,9.3.1.2.3. secondary-image separation,
9.3.1.2.4. light transmission;
9.3.1.3. Treated laminated-glass windscreen: the tests specified in sections
9.3.1.1.1, 9.3.1.1.2 and 9.3.1.2;
9.3.1.4. Plastic-faced windscreen: the tests specified in section 9.3.1.1 or
9.3.1.2 as appropriate;
9.3.2. is found not to be the smallest, only the tests prescribed for verifying
the optical qualities defined in section 9 of Annex III C.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 101
▼B
ANNEX III N
MEASUREMENT OF THE HEIGHTS OF SEGMENT AND POSITION OF THE POINTS OF
IMPACT
Figure 1
Determination of height of segment, h
For a glass pane with a single curve, the height of segment will be h1maximum.
For a glass pane with a double curve, the height of segment will be h1+h2maximum.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 102
▼B
Figure 2
Prescribed points of impact for windscreens1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 103
▼B
Figures3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c)
Prescribed points of impact for uniformly toughened glass panes
The points ‘2’ shown in Figures 3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c) are examples of the sites for point ‘2’ prescribed in
section 2.5 of Annex III E.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 104
▼B
ANNEX III O
CHECKS ON CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
1. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Annex:
1.1. ‘type of product’ means all glass panes having the same principal
characteristics;
1.2. ‘thickness class’ means all glass panes having the thickness of
component parts within the permitted tolerances;
1.3. ‘production unit’ means all production facilities of one or several
types of glass panes established in the same place; it may include
several production lines;
1.4. ‘shift’means a period of production carried out by the same
production line during daily working hours;
1.5. ‘production run’ means a continuous period of production of the
same type of product in the same shift;
1.6. ‘Ps’means the number of glass panes of the same type of product
produced by the same shift;
1.7. ‘Pr’means the number of glass panes of the same type of product
produced during a production run.
2. TESTS
The glass panes are subjected to the following tests:
2.1. Toughened-glass windscreens
2.1.1. Fragmentation test in accordance with the requirements of section 2
of Annex III D.
2.1.2. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.1.3. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirement of section
9.2 of Annex III C.
2.1.4. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.3 of Annex III C.
2.2. Uniformly toughened glass panes
2.2.1. Fragmentation test in accordance with the requirements of section 2
of Annex III E.
2.2.2. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.2.3. In the case of glass panes used as windscreens:
2.2.3.1. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirements of section
9.2 of Annex III C.
2.2.3.2. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.3 of Annex III C.
2.3. Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens and glass-plastic wind-
screens
2.3.1. Headform test in accordance with the requirements of section 3 of
Annex III F.
2.3.2. 2 260-g-ball test in accordance with the requirements of section 4.2
of Annex III F and section 2.2 of Annex III C.
2.3.3. Test of resistance to high temperature in accordance with the
requirements of section 5 of Annex III C.
2.3.4. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.3.5. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirements of section
9.2 of Annex III C.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 105
▼B
2.3.6. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.3 of Annex III C.
2.3.7. In the case of glass-plastic windscreens only:2.3.7.1. Test of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
section 2.1 of Annex III I.
2.3.7.2. Resistance-to-humidity test in accordance with the requirements of
section 3 of Annex III I.
2.3.7.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements
of section 11 of Annex III C.
2.4. Ordinary lamirated-glass and glass-plastic panes other than
windscreens
2.4.1. 227-g-ball impact test in accordance with the requirements of section
4 of Annex III G.
2.4.2. Test of resistance to high temperature in accordance with the
requirements of section 5 of Annex III C.
2.4.3. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements
of section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.4.4. In the case of glass-plastic panes only:2.4.4.1. Test of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
point 2.1 of Annex III I.
2.4.4.2. Resistance-to-humidity test in accordance with the requirements of
section 3 of Annex III I.
2.4.4.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements
of section 11 of Annex III C.
2.4.5. The above provisions are considered to be met if the corresponding
tests have been carried out on a windscreen of the same composition.
2.5. Treated laminated-glass windscreens
2.5.1. In addition to the tests described in section 2.3, a fragmentation test
is to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 4
of Annex III H.
2.6. Glass panes faced with plastic material
In addition to the tests prescribed in the various sections of this
Annex, the following tests are to be carried out:
2.6.1. Tests of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
point 2.1 of Annex III I.
2.6.2. Resistance-to-humidity test in accordance with the requirements of
section 3 of Annex III I.
2.6.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements
of section 11 of Annex III C.
2.7. Double-glazed units
The tests to be performed are those specified in this Annex for each
glass pane composing the double-glazed unit, with the same
frequency and the same requirements.
3. FREQUENCY OF TESTS AND RESULTS3.1. Fragmentation
3.1.1. Tests
3.1.1.1. A first series of tests consisting of a break at each impact point
specified by this Directive are to be carried out with photographic
prints at the beginning of the production of each new type of glass
pane to determine the most severe break point.
However, for toughened-glass windscreens, this first series of tests
are to be carried out only if the annual production of this type of
glass pane exceeds 200 units.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 106
▼B
3.1.1.2. During the production run the check test is to be carried out using the
break point as determined in point 3.1.1.1.
3.1.1.3. A check is to be carried out at the beginning of each production run
or following a change of colour.
3.1.1.4. During the production run the check tests are to be carried out at the
following minimum frequency:
Toughened-glass windscreensToughened-glass panes other than
windscreensTreated laminated-glass
windscreens
Ps≤200: one break per
production runPr≤500: one per shift 0,1 % per type
Ps > 200: one break every four
hours of productionPr > 500: two per shift
3.1.1.5. A check test is to be carried out at the end of the production run on
one of the last glass panes manufactured.
3.1.1.6. for Pr < 20, only one fragmentation test per production run need be
carried out.
3.1.2. Results
All results must be recorded, including the results without
photographicprint.
In addition, a photographic contact print must be made once per shift,
except for Pr ≤500. In this last case only one photographic contact
print is made per production run.
3.2. Headform impact test
3.2.1. Tests
The check is to be carried out on samples corresponding to at least
0,5 % of the daily production of laminated-glass windscreens of one
production line. A maximum of 15 windscreens per day are tested.
The choice of samples must be representative of the production of the
various types of windscreen.
With the agreement of the administrative service, these tests may be
replaced by the 2 260-g-ball impact test (see 3.3. below). Behaviour
under head impact must in any event be checked on at least two
samples for each thickness class per year.
3.2.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.3. 2 260-g-ball impact test
3.3.1. Tests
The minimum frequency for the check is one complete test per month
for each thickness class.
3.3.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.4. 227-g-ball impact test
3.4.1. Tests
The test pieces are to be cut from samples. However, for practical
reasons, the tests may be carried out on finished products, or on parts
of them.
The check is to be carried out on a sampling corresponding to at least
0,5 % of the production of one shift with a maximum of 10 samples
per day.
3.4.2. Results
All results must be recorded.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 107
▼B
3.5. High temperature
3.5.1. Tests
The test pieces are to be cut from samples. However, for practical
reasons, the tests may be carried out on finished products or on parts
of them. These are selected so that all interlayers are tested
proportionately to their use.
The check is to be carried out on at least three samples per colour of
interlayer taken from the daily production.
3.5.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.6. Light transmission
3.6.1. Tests
Representative samples of tinted finished products are to be
submitted to this test.
The check is to be carried out at least at the beginning of every
production run if there is any change in the characteristics of the
glass pane affecting the results of the test.
Glass panes having a regular light transmission measured during
component type-approval of not less than 80 % in the case of
windscreens and not less than 75 % in the case of glass panes other
than windscreens, and glass panes of category V are exempted from
this test.
Alternatively, for toughened-glass panes, a certificate of compliance
with the above requirements may be submitted by the glass supplier.
3.6.2. Results
The value of light transmission is to be recorded. In addition, for
windscreens with shade bands or obscuration bands, it must be
verified, from the drawings referred to in point 3.2.1.2.2.3 of Annexe
III A that such bands are outside zone I ′.
3.7. Optical distortion and secondary-image separation
3.7.1. Tests
Every windscreen is to be inspected for visual defects. In addition,
using the methods specified or any method giving similar results,
measurements are to be made in the various areas of vision at the
following minimum frequencies:
— either where Ps ≤200, one sample per shift,
— or where Ps > 200, two samples per shift,
— or 1 % of the whole production, the samples chosen being
representative for all production.
3.7.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.8. Resistance to abrasion
3.8.1. Tests
Plastic-faced and glass-plastic panes only are to be subjected to this
test. There must be at least one check per month and per type of
plasticmaterial fac ing or interlayer.
3.8.2. Results
The measurement of the light scatter is to be recorded.
3.9. Resistance to humidity
3.9.1. Tests
Plastic-faced and glass-plastic panes only are to be subjected to this
test. There must be at least one check per month and per type of
plasticmaterial fac ing or interlayer.
3.9.2. Results
All results must be recorded.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 108
▼B
3.10. Resistance to chemicals
3.10.1. Tests
Plastic-faced and glass-plastics panes only are to be subjected to this
test. There must be at least one check per month and per type of
plasticmaterial fac ing or interlayer.
3.10.2. Results
All results must be recorded.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 109
▼B
ANNEX III P
MODEL
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 110
▼B
ANNEX IV
MECHANICAL COUPLINGS BETWEEN TRACTOR AND TOWED
VEHICLE AND VERTICAL LOAD ON THE COUPLING POINT
1. Definitions
1.1. ‘Mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle’ means the
components installed on the tractor and on the towed vehicle in order
to provide the mechanical coupling between those vehicles.
Only mechanical coupling components for tractors are covered in this
Directive.
Among the various types of mechanical coupling components for
tractors a basic distinction is made between:
— clevis type (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 1),
— towing hook (see Figure 3 of Appendix 1),— tractor drawbar (see Figure 4 of Appendix 1).
1.2. ‘Type of mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle’
means parts which do not differ from one another in such essential
respects as:
1.2.1. nature of mechanical coupling component,1.2.2. drawbar rings (40 mm and/or 50 mm diameter),
1.2.3. external shape, dimensions or mode of operation (e.g. automaticor
non-automatic),
1.2.4. material,
1.2.5. value of D as defined in Appendix 2 for the test performed using the
dynamicmethod or the trailer mass as defined in Appendix 3 for tests
performed using the staticmethod, and also the vertic al load on the
coupling point S.
1.3. ‘Reference centre of mechanical coupling’ means the point on the pin
axis which is equidistant from the wings in the case of a fork and the
point resulting from the interesection of the plane of symmetry of thehook with the generatrix of the concave part of the hook at the level
of contact with the ring when this is in the traction position.
1.4. ‘Height above ground of mechanical coupling (h)’ means the
distance between the horizontal plane through the reference centre
of the mechanical coupling and the horizontal plane on which the
wheels of the tractor are resting.
1.5. ‘Projection of mechanical coupling (c)’ means the distance between
the reference centre of the mechanical coupling component and the
vertical plane passing through the axle on which the rear wheels of
the tractor are mounted.
1.6. ‘Vertical load on the coupling point (S)’ means the load transmitted,
under static conditions on the reference centre of the mechanical
coupling.
1.7. ‘Automatic’ means a mechanical coupling component which closes
and secures itself when the sliding mechanism for the drawbar rings
is actuated, without further action.
1.8. ‘Wheelbase of tractor (I)’ means the distance between the vertical
planes perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the tractor
passing through the axles of the tractor.
1.9. ‘Weight on the front axle of the unladen tractor (a)’ means that part
of the weight of the tractor, which, under static conditions, is
transmitted on the ground by the front axle of the tractor.
2. General requirements
2.1. The mechanical coupling components may be designed to function
automatically or non-automatically.
2.2. The mechanical coupling components on the tractor must conform to
the dimensional and strength requirements in point 3.1 and section
3.2 and the requirements for the vertical load on the coupling point in
section 3.3.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 111
▼B
2.3. The mechanical coupling components must be so designed and made
that in normal use they will continue to function satisfactorily and
retain the characteristics prescribed by this Directive.
2.4. All parts of mechanical coupling components must be made of
materials of a quality sufficient to withstand the tests referred to in
section 3.2. and must have durable strength characteristics.
2.5. All the couplings and their locks must be easy to engage and release
and must be so designed that under normal operating conditions no
accidental de-coupling is possible.
In automatic coupling components the locked position must be
secured in a form-locking manner by two independently functioning
safety devices. However, the latter may be released using the same
control device.
2.6. The drawbar ring must be capable of tilting horizontally at least 60º
on both sides of the longitudinal axis of a non-built-in coupling
device. In addition, vertical mobility of 20º upwards and downwards
is required at all times. (See also Appendix 1.)
The angles of articulation must not be attained at the same time.
2.7. The jaw must permit the drawbar rings to swivel axially at least 90º
to the right or left around the longitudinal axis of the coupling with a
fixed braking momentum of between 30 and 150 Nm.
The towing hook must allow the drawbar ring to swivel axially at
least 20º to the right or left around the longitudinal axis of the hook.
3. Special requirements
3.1. Dimensions
The dimensions of the mechanical coupling components on the
tractor must comply with Appendix 1, Figures 1 to 4. Any
dimensions may be chosen if not shown in these figures.
3.2. Strength
3.2.1. For the purposes of checking their strength the mechanical coupling
components must undergo a dynamic test under the conditions set out
in Appendix 2 or a statictest under the c onditions set out in
Appendix 3.
3.2.2. The test must not cause any permanent deformation, breaks or tears.
3.3. Vertical load on the coupling point (S)
3.3.1. The maximum static vertical load is laid down by the manufacturer.
In no case, however, must it exceed 3 tonnes.
3.3.2. Conditions of acceptance:
3.3.2.1. The permissible static vertical load must not exceed the technically
permissible static vertical load recommended by the manufacturer of
the tractor nor the static vertical load laid down for the towing device
pursuant to EEC component type-approval.
3.3.2.2. The requirements of section 2 of Annex I to Directive 74/151/EEC
must be complied with, but the maximum load on the rear axle must
not be exceeded.
3.4. Height above the ground of the coupling device (h)
(see figure below).1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 112
▼B
3.4.1. All tractors must be fitted with a coupling device, the height above
the ground of which must be in accordance with one of the following
relationships:
h1/C20ma/C00;2mt ðÞ l/C0S:c
0;80 ;8mtþS ðÞor h2/C20m1a/C00;2mlt ðÞ l/C0S:c
0;80 ;8mltþS ðÞ
where:
mt: mass of the tractor (see Annex I, point 1.6),
mlt: mass of the tractor (see Annex I, point 1.6) with ballast weight
on the front axle,
ma: weight on the front axle of the unladen tractor (see Annex IV,
point 1.9),
mla: weight on the front axle of the tractor (see Annex IV, point 1.9)
with ballast weight on the front axle,
l: tractor wheelbase (see Annex IV, point 1.8),
S: vertical load on the coupling point (see Annex IV, point 1.6),
c: distance between the reference centre of the mechanical
coupling and the vertical plane passing through the axle of
the rear wheels of the tractor (see Annex IV, point 1.5).
4. Application for EEC component type-approval
4.1. An application for EEC component type-approval for a tractor with
respect to the coupling device must be submitted by the manufacturer
of the device or by his authorized representative.
4.2. For each type of mechanical coupling component the application
must be accompanied by the following documents and particulars:
— scale drawings of the coupling device (three copies). These
drawings must in particular show the required dimensions in
detail as well as the measurements for mounting the device,
— a short technical description of the coupling device specifying the
type of construction and the material used,
— a statement of the value of D as referred to in Appendix 2 for the
dynamic test or the value of T (traction force) as referred to in
Appendix 3 for the statictest, and also the vertic al load on the
coupling point S,
— one or more sample devices as required by the technical service.
5. Inscriptions
5.1. Every mechanical coupling component conforming to the type for
which EEC component type-approval has been granted must bear the
following inscriptions:
5.1.1. trade name or mark;1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 113
▼B
5.1.2. EEC component type-approval mark conforming to the model in
Appendix 4;
5.1.3. where the strength is checked in accordance with Appendix 2
(dynamictest):
permissible value of D,
staticvertic al load value of S;
5.1.4. where the strength is checked in accordance with Appendix 3 (static
test):
towable mass and vertical load on the coupling point, S.
5.2. The data must be clearly visible, easily legible and durable.
6. Instructions for use
All mechanical couplings must be accompanied by the manufac-
turer's instructions for use. These instructions must include the EEC
component type-approved number and also the values of D or T
depending on which test was performed on the coupling.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 114
▼B
Appendix 1
DRAWINGS OF MECHANICAL COUPLING COMPONENTS
Figure 1
Non-automatic trailer coupling
1. The height of the jaw must be at least half of its width.
2. The angular mobility values must at least be attained with the available drawbar rings.
3. Range of nominal dimensions for the coupling pins.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 115
▼B
Figure 2
Non-automatic trailer coupling
corresponds to ISO 6489/II of October 19801989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 116
▼B
No part of the towing hook may be outside radius r between point x and y
Figure 3
Angle of tilt in accordance with points 2.8 and 2.9
corresponds to ISO 6489/I of October 1980
Figure 4
Tractor drawbar
corresponds ISO Standard 6489/III1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 117
▼B
Appendix 2
DYNAMIC TEST METHOD
1. TEST PROCEDURE
The strength of the mechanical coupling is to be established by
alternating traction on a test bed.
This method describes the fatigue test to be used on the complete
mechanical coupling device, i.e. when fitted with all the parts needed
for its installation the mechanical coupling is mounted and tested on
a test bed.
The alternating forces are applied as far as possible sinusoidally
(alternating and/or rising) with a load cycle depending on the
material involved. No tears or breaks may occur during the test.
2. TEST CRITERIA
The horizontal force components in the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle together with the vertical force components form the basis of
the test loads.
In so far as they are of secondary importance, horizontal force
components at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and
also moments are not to be taken into consideration.
The horizontal force components in the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle are represented by a mathematically established representa-
tive force, the value D.
The following equation applied to the mechanical coupling:
D¼g/C1MT/C1MR
MTþMR
Where:
MT= the technically permissible total mass of the tractor,
MR= the technically permissible total mass of the towed vehicles,
g = 9,81 m/s2.
The vertical force components at right angles to the track are
expressed by the staticvertic al load S.
The technically permissible loads are given by the manufacturer.
3. TEST PROCEDURE3.1. General requirements
The test force is applied to the mechanical coupling device being
tested by means of an appropriate standard drawbar ring beneath an
angle formed by the position of the vertical test load F
vvis-à-vis the
horizontal test load Fhin the direction of the median longitudinal
plane passing from top front to bottom rear.
The test force is applied at the usual point of contact between the
mechanical coupling device and the drawbar ring.
The play between the coupling device and the ring must be kept to a
minimum.
In principle the test force is applied in an alternating manner around
the zero point. With an alternating test force the resulting load is
equal to zero.
Should the design of the coupling device (e.g. excessive play, towing
hook) make it impossible to carry out the test with an alternating test
load, the test load may also be applied on a rising basis in the
direction of traction or pressure, whichever is the greater.
Where the test is carried out with a rising force curve, the test load is
equal to the upper (highest) load, and the lower (smallest) load
should not exceed 5 % of the upper load.
Care should be taken in the alternating force test to ensure that by
suitable mounting of the test apparatus and choice of power1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 118
▼B
conduction system no additional moments or forces arising at right
angles to the test force are introduced; the angular error for the
direction of force in the alternating force test should not exceed ±
1,5º; and for the rising force test the angle is set in the upper load
position.
The test frequency must not exceed 30 Hz. For components made of
steel or steel casting the load cycle amounts to 2 · 106. The
subsequent tear test is carried out using the colour penetration
method or similar method.
If springs and/or dampers are incorporated into the coupling parts,
they are not to be removed during the test but may be replaced if,
during the test, they are subject to strain under conditions which
would not obtain during normal operation (e.g. heat action) and
become damaged. Their behaviour before, during and after the test
must be described in the test report.
3.2. Test forces
The test force consists in geometrical terms of the horizontal and
vertical test components as follows:
F¼ﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃ
Fh2þFv2p
where:
Fh= ± 0,6 · D in the case of alternating force,
orF
h= 1,0 · D in the case of rising force (traction or pressure),
Fv= g · 1,5 · S
S = static drawbar load (vertical force components on the track).1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 119
▼B
Appendix 3
COUPLING DEVICE
STATIC TEST METHOD
1. TEST SPECIFICATIONS
1.1. General
1.1.1. Subject to a check on its construction characteristics, the towing
device must undergo static tests in accordance with the requirements
of points 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.
1.2. Test preparation
The tests must be carried out on a special machine, with the towing
device and any structure coupling it to the body of the agricultural
tractor attached to a rigid structure by means of the same components
used to mount it on the agricultural tractor.
1.3. Test instruments
The instruments used to record loads applied and movements must
have the following degree of accuracy:
— loads applied ± 50 daN,
— movements ± 0,01 mm.
1.4. Test procedure
1.4.1. The coupling device must first be subjected to a pre-traction load
which does not exceed 15 % of the traction test load defined in point
1.4.2.
1.4.1.1. The operation described in section 1.4.1 must be repeated at least
twice, starting with a zero load, which is gradually increased until the
value prescribed in section 1.4.1 is reached, and then decreased to
500 daN; the settling load must be maintained for at least 60 seconds.
1.4.2. The data recorded for plotting the load/deformation curve under
traction, or the graph of that curve provided by the printer linked to
the traction machine, must be based on the application of increasing
loads only, starting from 500 daN, in relation to the reference centre
of the coupling device.
There must be no breaks for values up to and including the traction
test load which is established as 1,5 times the technically permissible
trailer mass; in addition, the load/deformation curve must show a
smooth progression, without irregularities, in the interval between
500 daN and ⅓of the maximum traction load.
1.4.2.1. Permanent deformation is recorded on the load/deformation curve in
relation to the load of 500 daN after the test load has been brought
back to that value.
1.4.2.2. The permanent deformation value recorded must not exceed 25 % of
the maximum elastic deformation occurring.
1.5. The test referred to in section 1.4.2 must be preceded by a test in
which an initial load of three times the maximum permissible vertical
load recommended by the manufacturer is applied in a gradually
increasing manner, starting from an initial load of 500 daN, to the
reference centre of the coupling device.
During the test, deformation of the coupling device must not exceed
10 % of the maximum elastic deformation occuring.
The check is carried out after removing the vertical load and
returning to the initial load of 500 daN.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 120
▼B
Appendix 4
COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARK
The EEC component type-approval mark consists of:
— a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’, followed by the
distinguishing letter(s) or number of the Member State which has granted
the component type-approval:
1 for Germany,
2 for France
3 for Italy,4 for the Netherlands,
6 for Belgium,
9 for Spain,11 for the United Kindom,13 for Luxembourg,
18 for Denmark,
IRL for Ireland,EL for Greece,
21 for Portugal.
— an EEC component type-approval number, which corresponds to the number
of the EEC component type-approval certificate issued for the type of
coupling device in question as regards its strength and dimensions, placed in
any convenient position below and near the rectangle,
— by the capital letter ‘D’ or ‘S’ according to which test was performed on the
mechanical coupling (dynamic test = D and static test = S) above the
rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’.
Example of an EEC component type-approval mark
The coupling bearing the EEC component type-approval mark shown above is a
device for which EEC component type-approval was granted in Germany (e1)
under the number 88-563 and on which a dynamic strength test (D) was
performed.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 121
▼B
Appendix 5
MODEL EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 122
▼B
Appendix 6
CONDITIONS FOR GRANTING EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
1. The application for EEC type-approval of a tractor, with regard to the
strength and dimensions of a coupling device, is submitted by the tractor
manufacturer or by his authorized representative.
2. A tractor representative of the tractor type to be approved, on which a
coupling device, duly approved, is mounted is submitted to the technical
services responsible for conducting the type-approval tests.
3. The technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests
checks whether the approved type of coupling device is suitable for
mounting on the type of tractor for which type-approval is requested. In
particular, it ascertains that the attachment of the coupling device
corresponds to that which was tested when the EEC component type-
approval was granted.
4. The holder of the EEC type-approval may ask for its extension for other
types of coupling device.
5. The competent authorities grant such extension on the following conditions:
5.1. the new type of coupling device has received EEC component type-
approval;
5.2. it is suitable for mounting on the type of tractor for which the extension of
the EEC type-approval is requested;
5.3. the attachment of the coupling device on the tractor corresponds to that
which was presented when EEC component type-approval was granted.
6. A certificate, of which a model is shown in Appendix 5, is annexed to the
EEC type-approval certificate for each type-approval or type-approval
extension which has been granted or refused.
7. If the application for EEC type-approval for a type of tractor is made at the
same time as the request for EEC component type-approval for a type of
coupling device on a tractor for which EEC type-approval is requested, then
points 2 and 3 are unnecessary.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 123
▼B
Appendix 7
MODEL
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 124
▼B
ANNEX V
LOCATION AND METHOD OF AFFIXING STATUTORY PLATES AND
INSCRIPTIONS ON THE BODY OF THE TRACTOR
1. GENERAL
1.1. All agricultural or forestry tractors must be provided with the plate
and inscriptions described in the following sections. The plate and
inscriptions are attached either by the manufacturer or by his
authorized representative.
2. MANUFACTURER'S PLATE
2.1. A manufacturer's plate, modelled on that shown to the Appendix
hereto, must be firmly attached in a conspicuous and readily
accessible position on a part normally not subject to replacement in
use. It must show clearly and indelibly the following information in
the order listed.
2.1.1. Name of manufacturer.
2.1.2. Type of tractor (and version if necessary).
2.1.3. EEC type-approval number.
This number is composed of a small letter ‘e’ followed in the order
given, by the distinguishing number or letters of the country which
granted the EEC type-approval (1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for
Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, ►A15 for Sweden, ◄6 for Belgium, 9
for Spain, 11 for the United Kingdom, ►A112 for Austria, ◄13
for Luxembourg, ►A117 for Finland, ◄18 for Denmark, 21 for
Portugal, EL for Greece, IRL for Ireland) and by the type-approval
certificate for the type of vehicle. An asterisk is placed between the
letter ‘e’ and the distinguishing letters or number of the country
which granted the EEC type-approval as well as between that number
or the letters concerned and the EEC type-approval number.
2.1.4. Tractor identification number.
2.1.5. Minimum and maximum values for the maximum permitted laden
mass of the tractor, depending om the possible types of tyre which
may be fitted.
2.1.6. Maximum permitted vehicle mass bearing on each tractor axle,
according to the possible types of tyre which may be fitted; this
information must be listed in order from front to rear.
2.1.7. Technically permissible towable mass(es): as referred to in point 1.7
of Annex I.
2.1.8. Member States may require for tractors placed on their markets, that
the country of final assembly also be indicated in addition to the
name of the manufacturer where the final assembly was carried out
elsewhere than in the manufacturer's country, but not in a Member
State of the Community.
2.2. The manufacturer may give additional information below or to the
side of the prescribed inscriptions, outside a clearly marked rectangle
enclosing only the information prescribed in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.7 (see
example of manufacturer's plate below).
3. TRACTOR IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
The tractor identification number is a fixed combination of characters
assigned to each tractor by the manufacturer. Its purpose is to ensure
that every tractor can be clearly identified over a period of 30 years
through the intermediary of the manufacturer, without a need for
reference following requirements.
3.1. It must be marked on the manufacturer's plate, and also on the
chassis, or other similar structure.
3.1.1. It must wherever possible be entered on a single line.
3.1.2. It must be marked on the chassis or other similar structure, on the
front right-hand side of the vehicle.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 125
▼B
3.1.3. It must be placed in a clearly visible and accessible position by a
method such as hammering or stamping, in such a way that it cannot
be obliterated or deteriorate.
4. CHARACTERS
4.1. Roman letters and arabicnumerals must be used for all of the
markings provided for in sections 2 and 3. However, the roman
letters used in the markings provided for in points 2.1.1 and 2.1.3 and
section 3 must be capital letters.
4.2. For the tractor identification number:
4.2.1. use of the letters ‘I’ ‘O’ and ‘Q’ and dashes, asterisks and other
special signs is not permitted;
4.2.2. the minimum height of the letters and figures should be as follows:
4.2.2.1. 7 mm for characters marked directly on the chassis, frame or other
similar structure of the tractor,
4.2.2.2. 4 mm for characters marked on the manufacturer's plate.
Example of manufacturer's plate
The following example in no way prejudices the data which may actually be
entered on the manufacturer's plate: it is given solely for information purposes.
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 126
▼B
Appendix
MODEL
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 127
▼B
ANNEX VI
BRAKE CONTROL OF TOWED VEHICLES AND BRAKE COUPLING
BETWEEN THE TRACTOR AND TOWED VEHICLES
1. Where a tractor includes a trailer brake control, the control must be either
hand- or foot-operated and it must be possible to moderate and operate it
from the driver's seat, but it must not be affected by any operation of other
controls.
Where the tractor is fitted with a pneumatic or hydraulic coupling system
located between the tractor and the towed mass, only one single control
should be fitted for the service braking of the vehicle combination.
2. The braking systems used may be systems, the characteristics of which are
as defined in Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC relating to the braking
devices of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
The fitting must be designed and effected in such a way as to ensure that the
operation of the tractor is not adversely affected in the event of the failure or
the poor operation of the towed vehicle's breaking device or in the case of a
breach in the coupling.
3. Where the coupling between the tractor and the towed vehicle(s) is hydraulic
or pneumaticit must also c omply with one or other of the following
conditions.
3.1.Hydraulic coupling:
The hydraulic coupling must be of a single conduit type.
It must comply with ISO standard ISO/5676 of 1983, the projecting section
being on the tractor.
Operation of the control must permit zero pressure to be delivered to the
coupling head in the rest position; the working pressure must be no less than
10 and no more that 15 MPa.
It must not be possible to disconnect the source of power from the engine.
3.2.Pneumatic coupling:
The coupling between the tractor and the towed vehicle(s) of a dual-conduit
type: an automatic conduit and a direct braking conduit operates by an
increase in pressure.
The coupling head must comply with ISO standard ISO 1728 of 1980.Operation of the control must permit a working pressure of no less than 0,65
and no more than 0,8 MPa to be delivered to the coupling head.1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 128
▼B
Appendix
MODEL
1989L0173 — EN — 30.10.1997 — 002.001 — 129