02017R2400 — EN — 01.01.2023 — 004.001

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►B COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2400 of 12 December 2017 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 349 29.12.2017, p. 1)

Amended by:









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COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2400

of 12 December 2017

implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

(Text with EEA relevance)







CHAPTER 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

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Article 1

Subject matter

This Regulation complements the legal framework for the type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with regard to emissions established by Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 by laying down the rules for issuing licences to operate a simulation tool with a view to determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union and for operating that simulation tool and declaring the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values thus determined.

Article 2

Scope

1. Subject to Article 4, second paragraph, this Regulation shall apply to medium lorries, heavy lorries and heavy buses.

2. In the case of multi-stage type-approvals or individual approvals of medium and heavy lorries, this Regulation shall apply to base lorries.

In the case of heavy buses, this Regulation shall apply to primary vehicles, interim vehicles and to complete vehicles or completed vehicles.

3. This Regulation shall not apply to off-road vehicles, special purpose vehicles and off-road special purpose vehicles as defined, respectively, in Part A, points 2.1., 2.2. and 2.3., of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ).

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Article 3

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) ‘CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties’ means specific properties derived for a component, separate technical unit and system which determine the impact of the part on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;

(2) ‘input data’ means information on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system which is used by the simulation tool for the purpose of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;

(3) ‘input information’ means information relating to the characteristics of a vehicle which is used by the simulation tool for the purposes of determining their CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle and which is not part of an input data;

(4) ‘manufacturer’ means the person or body who is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the certification process and for ensuring conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems. It is not essential that the person or body be directly involved in all stages of the construction of the component, separate technical unit or system which is the subject of the certification.

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(4a) ‘vehicle manufacturer’ means a body or person responsible for issuing the manufacturer's records file and the customer information file pursuant to Article 9;

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(5) ‘authorised entity’ means a national authority authorised by a Member State to request relevant information from the manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system and CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles respectively.

(6) ‘transmission’ means a device consisting of at least of two shiftable gears, changing torque and speed with defined ratios;

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(7) ‘torque converter’ means a hydrodynamic start-up component either as a separate component of the driveline or transmission with serial or parallel power flow that adapts speed between engine and wheel and provides torque multiplication;

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(8) ‘other torque transferring component’ or ‘OTTC’ means a rotating component attached to the driveline which produces torque losses dependent on its own rotational speed;

(9) ‘additional driveline component’ or ‘ADC’ means a rotating component of the driveline which transfers or distributes power to other driveline components and produces torque losses dependant on its own rotational speed;

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(10) ‘axle’ means a component comprising all rotating parts of the driveline which transfer the driving torque coming from the prop shaft to the wheels and changes the torque and speed with a fixed ratio and including the functions of a differential gear;

(11) ‘air drag’ means characteristic of a vehicle configuration regarding aerodynamic force acting on the vehicle in the direction of air flow and determined as a product of the drag coefficient and the cross sectional area for zero crosswind conditions;

(12) ‘auxiliaries’ means vehicle components including an engine fan, steering system, electric system, pneumatic system and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system whose CO2 emissions and fuel consumption properties have been defined in Annex IX;

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(13) ‘component family’, ‘separate technical unit family’ or ‘system family’ means a manufacturer's grouping of components, separate technical units or systems, respectively, which through their design have similar CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties;

(14) ‘parent component’, ‘parent separate technical unit’ or ‘parent system’ means a component, separate technical unit or system, respectively, selected from a component, separate technical unit or system family, respectively, in such a way that its CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties will be the worst case for that component family, separate technical unit family or system family;

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(15) ‘zero emission heavy-duty vehicle’ (Ze-HDV) means ‘zero emission heavy-duty vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (11), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council;

(16) ‘vocational vehicle’ means a heavy-duty vehicle not intended for the delivery of goods and for which one of the following digits is used to supplement the bodywork codes, as listed in Appendix 2 to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858: 09, 10, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31; or a tractor with a maximum speed not exceeding 79 km/h;

(17) ‘rigid lorry’ means a ‘lorry’ as defined in Part C, point 4.1, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, except for the lorries designed or constructed for the towing of a semi-trailer;

(18) ‘tractor’ means a ‘tractor unit for semi-trailer’ as defined in Part C, point 4.3, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858

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(19) ‘sleeper cab’ means a type of cabin that has a compartment behind the driver's seat intended to be used for sleeping;

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(20) ‘hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicle’ (He-HDV) means a hybrid heavy duty vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy or power: (i) a consumable fuel, and (ii) an electrical energy or power storage device;

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(21) ‘dual-fuel vehicle’ is as defined in Article 2(48) of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011;

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(22) ‘primary vehicle’ means a heavy bus in a virtual assembly condition determined for simulation purposes, for which the input data and input information as set out in Annex III is used;

(23) ‘manufacturer’s records file’ means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains manufacturer related information, a documentation of the input data and input information to the simulation tool and the results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption;

(24) ‘customer information file’ means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains a defined set of vehicle related information and the results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption as defined in Part II of Annex IV;

(25) ‘vehicle information file’ (VIF) means a file produced by the simulation tool for heavy buses to transfer the relevant input data, input information and simulation results to subsequent manufacturing stages following the method as described in point (2) of Annex I;

(26) ‘medium lorry’ means a vehicle of category N2, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 5 000 kg and not exceeding 7 400 kg;

(27) ‘heavy lorry’ means a vehicle of category N2, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(ii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 7 400 kg and a vehicle of category N3, as defined in Article 4(1), point (b)(iii), of that Regulation;

(28) ‘heavy bus’ means a vehicle of category M3, as defined in Article 4(1), point (a)(iii), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, with a technically permissible maximum laden mass of more than 7 500 kg;

(29) ‘primary vehicle manufacturer’ means a manufacturer responsible for the primary vehicle;

(30) ‘interim vehicle’ means any further completion of a primary vehicle where a sub-set of input data and input information as defined for the complete or completed vehicle in accordance with Table 1 and Table 3a of Annex III is added and/or modified;

(31) ‘interim manufacturer’ means a manufacturer responsible for an interim vehicle;

(32) ‘incomplete vehicle’ means ‘incomplete vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (25), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

(33) ‘completed vehicle’ means ‘completed vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (26), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

(34) ‘complete vehicle’ means ‘complete vehicle’ as defined in Article 3, point (27), of Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

(35) ‘standard value’ is input data for the simulation tool for a component where certification of input data is applicable, but the component has not been tested to determine a specific value and which reflects the worst-case performance of a component;

(36) ‘generic value’ is data used in the simulation tool for components or vehicle parameters where no component testing or declaration of specific values is foreseen and which reflects performance of average component technology or typical vehicle specifications;

(37) ‘van’ means a ‘van’ as defined in Part C, point 4.2, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

(38) ‘application case’ means the different scenarios to be followed in the case of a medium lorry, heavy lorry, heavy bus that is a primary vehicle, heavy bus that is an interim vehicle, heavy bus that is a complete vehicle or completed vehicle for which different manufacturer provisions and functions are applicable in the simulation tool;

(39) ‘base lorry’ means a medium lorry or heavy lorry equipped at least with: — a chassis, engine, transmission, axles and tyres, in the case of pure internal combustion engine vehicles; — a chassis, electric machine system and/or integrated electric powertrain component, battery system(s) and/or capacitor system(s) and tyres, in the case of pure electric vehicles; — a chassis, engine, electric machine system and/or integrated electric powertrain component and/or integrated hybrid electric vehicle powertrain component type 1, battery system(s) and/or capacitor system(s) and tyres, in the case of hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicles.

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Article 4

Vehicle groups

For the purpose of this Regulation, motor vehicles shall be classified in vehicle groups in accordance with Annex I, Tables 1 to 6.

Articles 5 to 23 do not apply to heavy lorries of vehicle groups 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 19 as set out in Table 1 of Annex I, and to medium lorries of vehicle groups 51, 52, 55 and 56, as set out in Table 2 of Annex I and to any vehicle with a driven front axle in the vehicle groups 11, 12 and 16 as set out in Table 1 of Annex I.

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Article 5

Electronic tools

1. The Commission shall provide free of charge the following electronic tools in the form of downloadable and executable software: (a) a simulation tool; (b) pre-processing tools; (c) a hashing tool.

The Commission shall maintain the electronic tools and provide modifications and updates to those tools.

2. The Commission shall make the electronic tools referred to in paragraph 1 available through a publicly available dedicated electronic distribution platform.

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3. ►M3 2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles. ◄ The simulation tool shall be designed to operate on the basis of input information as specified in Annex III, as well as input data referred to in Article 12(1). The simulation tool shall be used for the purposes of determining COemissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles.The simulation tool shall be designed to operate on the basis of input information as specified in Annex III, as well as input data referred to in Article 12(1).

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4. The pre-processing tools shall be used for the purpose of verification and compilation of the testing results and performing additional calculations relating to CO 2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of certain components, separate technical units or systems and converting them in a format used by the simulation tool. The pre-processing tools shall be used by the manufacturer after performing the tests referred to in point 4 of Annex V for engines and in point 3 of Annex VIII for air-drag.

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5. The hashing tools shall be used for establishing an unequivocal association between the certified CO 2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system and its certification document, as well as for establishing an unequivocal association between a vehicle and its manufacturer’s records file, vehicle information file and customer information file as referred to in Annex IV.

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CHAPTER 2

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LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL FOR THE PURPOSES OF TYPE-APPROVAL WITH REGARD TO EMISSIONS

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Article 6

Application for a licence to operate the simulation tool with a view to determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles

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1. The vehicle manufacturer shall submit to the approval authority an application for a licence to operate the simulation tool for an application case with a view to determining CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles belonging to one or more vehicle groups (‘licence’). An individual licence shall apply to only a single such application case.

The application for a licence shall be accompanied by an adequate description of the processes set up by the vehicle manufacturer with a view to the operation of the simulation tool with respect to the application case concerned, as set out in point (1) of Annex II.

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2. The application for a licence shall take the form of an information document drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Appendix 1 to Annex II.

3. The application for a licence shall be accompanied by an adequate description of the processes set up by the manufacturer for the purposes of determining CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption with respect to all the vehicle groups concerned, as set out in point 1 of Annex II.

It shall also be accompanied by the assessment report drafted by the approval authority after performing an assessment in accordance with point 2 of Annex II.

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4. The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the application for a licence to the approval authority at the latest together with the application for an EC type-approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, with the application for an EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions pursuant to Article 9 of that Regulation, with an application for a whole-vehicle type-approval pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 or the application for a national individual vehicle approval. The approval of a pure electric engine system and the EC type-approval of a pure electric vehicle with regard to emissions referred to in the previous sentence is limited to the measurement of net engine power in accordance with Annex XIV to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

The application for a licence must concern the application case which includes the type of vehicle concerned by the application for EU type-approval.

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Article 7

Administrative provisions for the granting of the licence

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1. The approval authority shall grant the licence if the vehicle manufacturer submits an application in accordance with Article 6 and proves that the requirements laid down in Annex II are met with respect to the application case concerned.

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2. The licence shall be issued in accordance with the model set out in Appendix 2 to Annex II.

Article 8

Subsequent changes to the processes set up for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles

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2. The vehicle manufacturer shall apply for an extension of the licence in accordance with Article 6 (1), (2) and (3).

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3. After obtaining the licence, the vehicle manufacturer shall notify the approval authority without delay of any changes to the processes set up by it for the purposes of the licence for the application case covered by the licence that may affect the accuracy, reliability and stability of those processes.

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4. Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 3, the approval authority shall inform the vehicle manufacturer whether processes affected by the changes continue to be covered by the licence granted, whether the licence must be extended in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 or whether a new licence should be applied for in accordance with Article 6.

5. Where the changes are not covered by the licence, the manufacturer shall, within one month of receipt of the information referred to in paragraph 4, apply for an extension of the licence or for a new licence. If the manufacturer does not apply for an extension of the licence or a new licence within that deadline, or if the application is rejected, the licence shall be withdrawn.







CHAPTER 3

OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING THE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR THE PURPOSES OF REGISTRATION, SALE AND ENTRY INTO SERVICE OF NEW VEHICLES

Article 9

Obligation to determine and declare CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles

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1. A vehicle manufacturer shall determine the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of each new vehicle, with the exception of new vehicles using vehicle technologies listed in Appendix 1 to Annex III, to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union using the latest available version of the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(3). With regard to heavy buses the vehicle manufacturer or interim manufacturer shall use the method set out in Annex I, point (2).

For vehicle technologies listed in Appendix 1 to Annex III to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union, the vehicle manufacturer or interim manufacturer shall determine only the input parameters specified for those vehicles in the models set out in Table 5 of Annex III, using the latest available version of the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(3).

A vehicle manufacturer may operate the simulation tool for the purposes of this Article only if in possession of a licence granted for the application case concerned in accordance with Article 7. An interim manufacturer operates the simulation tool under the licence of a vehicle manufacturer.

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2. The vehicle manufacturer shall record the results of the simulation performed in accordance with the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 in the manufacturer's records file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part I of Annex IV.

With the exception of the cases referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 21(3), and in Article 23(6), any subsequent changes to the manufacturer's records file shall be prohibited.

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Vehicle manufacturers of heavy buses additionally shall record the results of the simulation in the vehicle information file. Interim manufacturers of heavy buses shall record the vehicle information file.

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3. The vehicle manufacturer of medium lorries and heavy lorries shall create cryptographic hashes of the manufacturer’s records file and of the customer information file.

The primary vehicle manufacturer shall create cryptographic hashes of the manufacturer’s records file and of the vehicle information file.

The interim manufacturer shall create the cryptographic hash of the vehicle information file.

The vehicle manufacturer of complete vehicles or completed vehicles that are heavy buses, shall create cryptographic hashes of the manufacturer’s records file, of the customer information file and of the vehicle information file.

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4. ►M3 ◄ Lorries and complete vehicles or completed vehicles that are heavy buses to be registered, sold or to enter into service shall be accompanied by the customer information file drawn up by the manufacturer in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV.

Each customer information file shall include an imprint of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file referred to in paragraph 3.

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Vehicle manufacturers of heavy buses shall make the vehicle information file available to the manufacturer of a subsequent step in the chain.

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5. For each vehicle accompanied by a certificate of conformity or, in the case of vehicles approved in accordance with Article 45 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, an individual vehicle approval certificate, the certificate shall include an imprint of the cryptographic hashes referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article.

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6. In accordance with point 11 of Annex III, a manufacturer may transfer results of the simulation tool to other vehicles.

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Article 10

Modifications, updates and malfunction of the electronic tools

1. In the case of modifications or updates to the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall start using the modified or updated simulation tool no later than 3 months after the modifications and updates were made available on the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

2. If the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles cannot be determined in accordance with Article 9(1) due to a malfunction of the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall notify the Commission thereof without delay by means of the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

3. If the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles cannot be determined in accordance with Article 9(1) due to a malfunction of the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall perform the simulation of those vehicles not later than 7 calendar days after the date referred to in point 1. Until then, the obligations resulting from Article 9 for the vehicles for which the determination of fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions remains impossible shall be suspended.

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Where a malfunction of the simulation tool occurs at a step in the manufacturing chain of heavy buses prior to the complete or completed manufacturing steps, the obligation under Article 9(1) to operate the simulation tool at the subsequent manufacturing steps shall be postponed for a maximum of 14 calendar days after the date on which the manufacturer at the previous step made the vehicle information file available to the manufacturer of the complete or completed step.

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Article 11

Accessibility of the simulation tool inputs and output information

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1. The manufacturer’s records file, the vehicle information file and the certificates on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, systems and separate technical units shall be stored by the vehicle manufacturer for at least 20 years after the production of the vehicle and shall be available, upon request, to the approval authority and to the Commission.

2. Upon request by an authorised entity of a Member State or by the Commission, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide, within 15 working days, the manufacturer’s records file or the vehicle information file.

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3. Upon request by an authorised entity of a Member State or by the Commission, the approval authority which granted the licence in accordance with Article 7 or certified the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system in accordance with Article 17 shall provide, within 15 working days, the information document referred to in Article 6(2) or in Article 16(2), respectively.







CHAPTER 4

CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF COMPONENTS, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNITS AND SYSTEMS

Article 12

Components, separate technical units and systems relevant for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption

1. The simulation tool input data referred to in Article 5(3) shall include information relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the following components, separate technical units and systems: (a) engines; (b) transmissions; (c) torque converters; (d) other torque transferring components; (e) additional driveline components; (f) axles; ▼M3 (g) air drag; ▼B (h) auxiliaries; (i) tyres; ▼M3 (j) electric powertrain components.

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2. The CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems referred to in points (b) to (g), (i) and (j) of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be based either on the values determined, for each component, separate technical unit, system or if applicable their respective family, in accordance with Article 14 and certified in accordance with Article 17 (‘certified values’) or, in the absence of the certified values, on the standard values determined in accordance with Article 13.

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3. The CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of engines shall be based on the values determined for each engine family in accordance with Article 14 and certified in accordance with Article 17.

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4. The CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of auxiliaries shall be based on the generic values as implemented in the simulation tool and as allocated to a vehicle based on the input information to be determined in accordance with Annex IX.

5. In the case of a base lorry, the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems referred to in paragraph 1, point (g), of this Article, which cannot be determined for the base lorries shall be based on the standard values. For components, separate technical units and systems referred to in paragraph 1, point (h), the technology with highest power losses shall be selected by the vehicle manufacturer.

6. In the case of vehicles exempted from the obligation to determine the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption under Article 9(1), the simulation tool input data shall include the information set out in Table 5 of Annex III.

7. Where the vehicle is to be registered, sold or put into service with a complete set of snow tyres and a complete set of standard tyres, the vehicle manufacturer may choose which of the tyres to use for determining the CO 2 emissions. In the case of heavy buses, as long as the tyres used in the primary vehicle simulation are with the vehicle when it is registered, sold or put into service, addition of tyre sets to the vehicle shall not result in the obligation to conduct a new primary vehicle simulation in accordance with point 2 of Annex I.

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Article 13

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Standard values and generic values

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1. The standard values for transmissions shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 8 of Annex VI.

2. The standard values for torque converters shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 9 of Annex VI.

3. The standard values for other torque-transferring components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 10 of Annex VI.

4. The standard values for additional driveline components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 11 of Annex VI.

5. The standard values for axles shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 3 of Annex VII.

6. The standard values for a body or trailer air drag shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 7 of Annex VIII.

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7. For auxiliaries generic values are allocated by the simulation tool in accordance with the technologies selected in accordance with Annex IX.

8. The standard value for tyres shall be determined in accordance with Annex X, point 3.2.

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9. The standard values for electric powertrain components shall be determined in accordance with Appendices 8, 9 and 10 to Annex Xb.

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Article 14

Certified values

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1. The values determined in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 10 of this Article may be used by the vehicle manufacturer as the simulation tool input data if they are certified in accordance with Article 17.

2. The certified values for engines shall be determined in accordance with points 4, 5 and 6 of Annex V.

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3. The certified values for transmissions shall be determined in accordance with point 3 of Annex VI.

4. The certified values for torque converters shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex VI.

5. The certified values for other torque-transferring component shall be determined in accordance with point 5 of Annex VI.

6. The certified values for additional driveline components shall be determined in accordance with point 6 of Annex VI.

7. The certified values for axles shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex VII.

8. The certified values for a body or trailer air drag shall be determined in accordance with point 3 of Annex VIII.

9. The certified values for tyres shall be determined in accordance with Annex X.

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10. The certified values for electric powertrain components shall be determined in accordance with points 4, 5 and 6 of Annex Xb.

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Article 15

Family concept regarding components, separate technical units and systems using certified values

1. Subject to paragraphs 3 to 6, the certified values determined for a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system shall be valid, without further testing, for all family members in accordance with the family definition as set out in: — Appendix 6 to Annex VI as regards the family concept of transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components; — Appendix 4 to Annex VII as regards the family concept of axles; — Appendix 5 to Annex VIII as regards the family concept for the purposes of determining air drag; ▼M3 — Appendix 3 to Annex V as regards engines, the certified values for the members of an engine family created in accordance with the family definition shall be derived in accordance with points 4, 5 and 6 of Annex V; — Appendix 13 to Annex Xb as regards the family concept of electric machine systems or integrated electric powertrain components, the certified values for the members of a family created in accordance with the family definition of electric machine systems, shall be derived in accordance with point 4 of Annex Xb.

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2. For engines, the certified values for the members of an engine family shall be derived in accordance with points 4, 5 and 6 of Annex V.

For tyres, a family shall consist of one tyre type only.

For electric machine systems or integrated electric powertrain components, the certified values for the members of a family of electric machine systems shall be derived in accordance with point 4 of Annex Xb.

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3. The CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system shall not be better than the properties of any member of the same family.

4. The manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with evidence that the parent component, separate technical units or system fully represents the component family, separate technical unit family or system family.

If, in the framework of testing for the purposes of the second subparagraph of Article 16(3), the approval authority determines that the selected parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system does not fully represent the component family, separate technical unit family or system family, an alternative reference component, separate technical units or system may be selected by the approval authority, tested and shall become a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system.

5. Upon request of the manufacturer, and subject to the agreement by the approval authority, the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system other than a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, may be indicated in the certificate on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family.

The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of that specific component, separate technical unit or system shall be determined in accordance with Article 14.

6. Where the characteristics of the specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system, in terms of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties as determined in accordance with paragraph 5, lead to higher CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption values than those of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, the manufacturer shall exclude it from the existing family, assign it to a new family and define it as the new parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system for that family or apply for an extension of the certification pursuant to Article 18.

Article 16

Application for a certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units or systems

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1. The application for certification of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component, separate technical unit and systems, or if applicable their respective families, shall be submitted to the approval authority.

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2. The application for certification shall take the form of an information document drawn up in accordance with the model set out in: — Appendix 2 to Annex V as regards engines; — Appendix 2 to Annex VI as regards transmissions; — Appendix 3 to Annex VI as regards torque converters; — Appendix 4 to Annex VI as regards other torque transferring component; — Appendix 5 to Annex VI as regards additional driveline components; — Appendix 2 to Annex VII as regards axles; — Appendix 2 to Annex VIII as regards air drag; — Appendix 2 to Annex X as regards tyres; ▼M3 — Appendixes 2 to 6 to Annex Xb as regards electric powertrain components.

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3. The application for certification shall be accompanied by an explanation of the elements of design of the component, separate technical unit and system, or if applicable their respective families concerned which have a non-negligible effect on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units or systems concerned.

The application shall also be accompanied by the relevant test reports issued by an approval authority, test results, and by a statement of compliance issued by an approval authority pursuant to point 2 of Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

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Article 17

Administrative provisions for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

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1. If all the applicable requirements are met, the approval authority shall certify the values relating to the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component, separate technical unit and system, or if applicable their respective families concerned.

▼B

2. In the case referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall issue a certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties using the model set out in: — Appendix 1 to Annex V as regards engines; — Appendix 1 to Annex VI as regards transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components; — Appendix 1 to Annex VII as regards axles; — Appendix 1 to Annex VIII as regards air drag; — Appendix 1 to Annex X as regards tyres; ▼M3 — Appendix 1 to Annex Xb as regards electric powertrain components. ▼B

3. The approval authority shall grant a certification number in accordance with the numbering system set out in: — Appendix 6 to Annex V as regards engines; — Appendix 7 to Annex VI as regards transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components; — Appendix 5 to Annex VII as regards axles; — Appendix 8 to Annex VIII as regards air drag; — Appendix 1 to Annex X as regards tyres; ▼M3 — Appendix 14 to Annex Xb as regards electric powertrain components.

▼M3

The approval authority shall not assign the same number to another component, separate technical unit and system, or if applicable their respective families. The certification number shall be used as the identifier of the test report.

▼B

4. The approval authority shall create a cryptographic hash of the file with test results, comprising the certification number, by means of the hashing tool referred to in Article 5(5). This hashing shall be done immediately after the test results are produced. The approval authority shall imprint that hash along with the certification number on the certificate on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.

Article 18

Extension to include a new component, separate technical unit or system into a component family, separate technical unit family or system family

1. At the request of the manufacturer and upon approval of the approval authority, a new component, separate technical unit or system may be included as a member of a certified component family, separate technical unit family or system family if they meet the criteria for family definition set out in: ▼M3 — Appendix 3 to Annex V as regards the family concept of engines, taking into account the requirements of Article 15(2); ▼B — Appendix 6 to Annex VI as regards the family concept of transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components; — Appendix 4 to Annex VII as regards the family concept of axles; — Appendix 5 to Annex VIII as regards the family concept for the purposes of determining air drag; ▼M3 — Appendix 13 to Annex Xb as regards the family concept of electric machine systems or integrated electric powertrain components, taking into account the requirements of Article 15(2). ▼B

In such cases, the approval authority shall issue a revised certificate denoted by an extension number.

The manufacturer shall modify the information document referred to in Article 16(2) and provide it to the approval authority.

2. Where the characteristics of the specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system, in terms of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties as determined in accordance with paragraph 1, lead to higher CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption values than those of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, the new component, separate technical unit or system shall become the new parent component, separate technical unit or system.

Article 19

Subsequent changes relevant for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

1. The manufacturer shall notify the approval authority of any changes to the design or the manufacturing process of components, separate technical units or systems concerned which occur after the certification of the values relating to the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the relevant component family, separate technical unit family or system family pursuant to Article 17 and which may have a non-negligible effect on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those components, separate technical units and systems.

2. Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall inform the manufacturer whether or not the components, separate technical units or systems affected by the changes continue to be covered by the certificate issued, or whether additional testing in accordance with Article 14 is necessary in order to verify the impact of the changes on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units or systems concerned.

3. Where the components, separate technical units or systems affected by the changes are not covered by the certificate, the manufacturer shall, within one month of receipt of that information from the approval authority, apply for a new certification or an extension pursuant to Article 18. If the manufacturer does not apply for a new certification or an extension within that deadline, or if the application is rejected, the certificate shall be withdrawn.







CHAPTER 5

CONFORMITY OF SIMULATION TOOL OPERATION, INPUT INFORMATION AND INPUT DATA

Article 20

▼M1

Responsibilities of the vehicle manufacturer, the approval authority and the Commission with regard to the conformity of simulation tool operation

▼B

1. ►M3 ◄ The vehicle manufacturer shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the processes set up for the purpose of obtaining the licence for the simulation tool for the application case covered by the licence granted pursuant to Article 7 continue to be adequate for that purpose.

▼M1

►M3 For medium lorries and heavy lorries, with the exception of He-HDV or PEV, the vehicle manufacturer shall, perform the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa on a minimum number of vehicles in accordance with that Annex, point 3. ◄ The vehicle manufacturer shall provide, until 31 December of each year and in accordance with point 8 of Annex Xa, a test report to the approval authority for each vehicle tested, shall keep the test reports for a duration of at least 10 years and shall make them available to the Commission and approval authorities of the other Member States upon request.

▼B

2. ►M3 2 emissions and fuel consumption for all the application cases and vehicle groups covered by the licence continue to be adequate. ◄ The assessment shall also include verification of the selection of the input information and input data and repetition of the simulations performed by the manufacturer, The approval authority shall perform, four times per year, an assessment as referred to in point 2 of Annex II in order to verify whether the processes set up by the manufacturer for the purposes of determining COemissions and fuel consumption for all the application cases and vehicle groups covered by the licence continue to be adequate.The assessment shall also include verification of the selection of the input information and input data and repetition of the simulations performed by the manufacturer,

▼M1

Where a vehicle fails the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa, the approval authority shall start an investigation to determine the cause of that failure, in accordance with Annex Xa. As soon as the approval authority determines the cause of the failure, it shall inform the approval authorities of the other Member States thereof.

If the cause of the failure is linked to the operation of the simulation tool, Article 21 shall apply. If the cause of the failure is linked to the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems, Article 23 shall apply.

If no irregularities could be found in the certification of components, separate technical units or systems and the operation of the simulation tool, the approval authority shall report the vehicle failure to the Commission. The Commission shall investigate whether the simulation tool or the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa has caused the vehicle to fail and whether an improvement of the simulation tool or the verification testing procedure is necessary.

▼B

Article 21

Remedial measures for the conformity of simulation tool operation

1. Where the approval authority finds, pursuant to Article 20(2), that the processes set up by the vehicle manufacturer for the purposes of determining the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle groups concerned are not in accordance with the licence or with this Regulation or may lead to an incorrect determination of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicles concerned, the approval authority shall request the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures no later than 30 calendar days after receipt of the request from the approval authority.

Where the vehicle manufacturer demonstrates that further time is necessary for the submission of the plan of remedial measures, an extension of up to 30 calendar days may be granted by the approval authority.

▼M3

2. The plan of remedial measures shall apply to all application cases and vehicle groups which have been identified by the approval authority in its request.

▼B

3. The approval authority shall approve or reject the plan of remedial measures within 30 calendar days of its receipt. The approval authority shall notify the manufacturer and all the other Member States of its decision to approve or reject the plan of remedial measures.

▼M3

The approval authority may require the vehicle manufacturer to issue a new manufacturer’s records file, vehicle information file, customer information file and certificate of conformity on the basis of a new determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption reflecting the changes implemented in accordance with the approved plan of remedial measures.

▼M3

The vehicle manufacturer shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the processes set up for the purpose of obtaining the licence to operate the simulation tool for all the application cases and vehicle groups covered by the licence granted pursuant to Article 7 continue to be adequate for that purpose.

For medium lorries and heavy lorries the vehicle manufacturer shall, perform the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa on a minimum number of vehicles in accordance with that Annex, point 3.

▼B

4. The manufacturer shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures.

5. Where the plan of the remedial measures has been rejected by the approval authority, or the approval authority establishes that the remedial measures are not being correctly applied, it shall take the necessary measures to ensure the conformity of simulation tool operation, or withdraw the licence.

Article 22

Responsibilities of the manufacturer and approval authority with regards to conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

1. ►M3 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems listed in Article 12(1) which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17 do not deviate from the certified values. ◄ The manufacturer shall take the necessary measures in accordance with Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 to ensure that the COemissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems listed in Article 12(1) which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17 do not deviate from the certified values.

Those measures shall also include the following:

— the procedures laid down in Appendix 4 to Annex V as regards engines;

— the procedures laid down in point 7 of Annex VI as regards transmissions;

— the procedures laid down in point 5 and 6 of Annex VII as regards axles;

— the procedures laid down in Appendix 6 to Annex VIII as regards body or trailer air drag;

— the procedures laid down in point 4 of Annex X as regards tyres;

▼M3

— the procedures laid down in points 1 to 4 of Appendix 12 to Annex Xb as regards electric powertrain components.

▼B

Where CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a member of a component family, separate technical unit family or system family have been certified in accordance with Article 15(5), the reference value for the verification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties shall be the one certified for this family member.

Where a deviation from the certified values is identified as a result of the measures referred to in the first and second subparagraphs, the manufacturer shall immediately inform the approval authority thereof.

2. The manufacturer shall provide, on an annual basis, testing reports containing the results of the procedures referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 to the approval authority which certified the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family concerned. The manufacturer shall make the test reports available to the Commission upon request.

▼M3

3. The manufacturer shall ensure that at least one in every 25 procedures referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1, or, with an exception for tyres, at least one procedure per year, relating to a component, separate technical unit and system, or if applicable their respective families is supervised by a different approval authority than the one which participated in the certification of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component, separate technical unit, system or if applicable their respective families concerned pursuant to Article 16.

▼B

4. Any approval authority may at any time perform verifications relating to the components, separate technical units and systems at any of the manufacturer's and vehicle manufacturer's facilities in order to verify whether the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those components, separate technical units and systems do not deviate from the certified values.

The manufacturer and the vehicle manufacturer shall provide the approval authority within 15 working days of the approval authority's request with all the relevant documents, samples and other materials in his possession and necessary to perform the verifications relating to a component, separate technical unit or system.

Article 23

Remedial measures for the conformity of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems

▼M1

1. Where the approval authority finds, pursuant to Articles 20 and 22, that the measures taken by the manufacturer to ensure that the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems listed in Article 12(1) and which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17 do not deviate from the certified values are not adequate, the approval authority shall request the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures no later than 30 calendar days after receipt of the request from the approval authority.

▼B

Where the manufacturer demonstrates that further time is necessary for the submission of the plan of remedial measures, an extension of up to 30 calendar days may be granted by the approval authority.

▼M3

2. The plan of remedial measures shall apply to all the components, separate technical units and systems, or if applicable their respective families which have been identified by the approval authority in its request.

▼B

3. The approval authority shall approve or reject the plan of remedial measures within 30 calendar days of its receipt. The approval authority shall notify the manufacturer and all the other Member States of its decision to approve or reject the plan of remedial measures.

▼M3

The approval authority may require the vehicle manufacturer to issue a new manufacturer’s records file, customer information file, vehicle information file and certificate of conformity on the basis of a new determination of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption reflecting the changes implemented in accordance with the approved plan of remedial measures.

▼B

4. The manufacturer shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures.

▼M3

5. The manufacturer shall keep a record of every component, separate technical unit or system recalled and repaired or modified and of the workshop which performed the repair or modification. The approval authority shall have access to such records on request during the implementation of the plan of the remedial measures and for a period of 5 years after the completion of its implementation.

The manufacturer shall store those records for 10 years.

6. Where the plan of remedial measures has been rejected by the approval authority, or the approval authority establishes that the remedial measures are not being correctly applied, it shall take the necessary measures to ensure the conformity of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component, separate technical unit and system, and if applicable their respective families concerned, or withdraw the certificate on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.

▼B







CHAPTER 6

FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 24

Transitional provisions

1. ►M3 Without prejudice to Article 10(3) of this Regulation, where the obligations referred to in Article 9 of this Regulation have not been complied with, Member States shall consider certificates of conformity for type approved vehicles to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 48 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, and, for type approved and individually approved vehicles, shall prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of: ◄ ▼M1 (a) vehicles in the groups 4, 5, 9 and 10, including the sub-group ‘v’ in each vehicle group, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 July 2019; ▼B (b) vehicles in the groups 1, 2, and 3, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 January 2020; (c) vehicles in the groups 11, 12 and 16, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 July 2020; ▼M3 (d) vehicles in the groups 53 and 54, as defined in Table 2 of Annex I as from 1 July 2024; (e) vehicles in the groups 31 to 40, as defined in Tables 4 to 6 of Annex I, as from 1 January 2025; (f) vehicles in the group 1s as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, as from 1 July 2024.

▼M3

2. The obligations referred to in Article 9 shall apply as follows: (a) for vehicles in the groups 53 and 54, as defined in Table 2 of Annex I, with production date on or after 1 January 2024; (b) for vehicles in the groups P31/32, P33/34, P35/36, P37/38 and P39/40 as defined in Table 3 of Annex I with production date on or after 1 January 2024; (c) for heavy buses the simulation of the complete vehicle or completed vehicle as referred in point 2.1(b) of Annex I shall only be performed if the simulation of the primary vehicle as referred in point 2.1(a) of Annex I is available; (d) for vehicles in the group 1s as defined in Table 1 of Annex I with production date on or after 1 January 2024; (e) for vehicles in the groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 4v, 5v, 9v, 10v, 11, 12, and 16, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, other than those defined in points (f) and (g) of this paragraph, with production date on or after 1 January 2024; (f) for vehicles in the groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 4v, 5v, 9v, 10v, 11, 12, and 16, as defined in Table 1 of Annex I, which are equipped with a waste heat recovery system, as defined in point 2(8) of Annex V, provided that they are not ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs or dual-fuel vehicles; (g) for dual-fuel vehicles in the groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 4v, 5v, 9v, 10v, 11, 12, and 16 as defined in Table 1 of Annex I with production date on or after 1 January 2024; if they have a production date before 1 January 2024, the manufacturer may choose whether to apply Article 9.

For ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs and dual-fuel vehicles in the groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 4v, 5v, 9v, 10v, 11, 12, and 16 as defined in Table 1 of Annex I in respect of which Article 9 has not been applied in conformity with points (a) to (g) of the first subparagraph of this paragraph, the vehicle manufacturer shall determine the input parameters specified for those vehicles in the models set out in Annex III, Table 5, using the latest available version of the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(3). In such case, the obligations referred to in Article 9 shall be deemed to be fulfilled for the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article.

For the purposes of this paragraph, the production date shall mean the date of signature of the certificate of conformity and where no certificate of conformity has been issued, the date on which the vehicle identification number was affixed for the first time on the relevant parts of the vehicle.

3. Remedial measures under Articles 21(5) and 23(6) shall apply with regard to vehicles referred to in paragraph 1, points (a), (b) and (c), of this Article pursuant to an investigation into a vehicle failure in the verification testing procedure set out in Annex Xa as from 1 July 2023 and with regard to vehicles referred to in paragraph 2, points (d) and (g), of this Article as from 1 July 2024.

▼B

Article 25

Amendment to Directive 2007/46/EC

Annexes I, III, IV, IX and XV to Directive 2007/46/EC are amended in accordance with Annex XI to this Regulation.

Article 26

Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011

Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 is amended as follows:

(1) In Article 3(1), the following subparagraph is added: ‘In order to receive an EC type-approval of a vehicle with an approved engine system with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information, or an EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information, the manufacturer shall also demonstrate that the requirements laid down in Article 6 and Annex II to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 ( *1 ) are met with respect to the vehicle group concerned. However, that requirement shall not apply where the manufacturer indicates that new vehicles of the type to be approved will not be registered, sold or put into service in the Union on or after the dates laid down in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 for the respective vehicle group.

(2) Article 8 is amended as follows: (a) in paragraph 1a, point (d) is replaced by the following: ‘(d) all other exceptions set out in points 3.1 of Annex VII to this Regulation, points 2.1 and 6.1 of Annex X to this Regulation, points 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 10.1 of Annex XIII to this Regulation, and point 1.1 of Appendix 6 to Annex XIII to this Regulation apply;’; (b) in paragraph 1a, the following point is added: ‘(e) the requirements laid down in Article 6 and Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 are met with respect to the vehicle group concerned, except where the manufacturer indicates that new vehicles of the type to be approved will not be registered, sold or put into service in the Union on or after the dates laid down in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of that Regulation for the respective vehicle group.’;

(3) Article 10 is amended as follows: (a) in paragraph 1a, point (d) is replaced by the following: ‘(d) all other exceptions set out in points 3.1 of Annex VII to this Regulation, points 2.1 and 6.1 of Annex X to this Regulation, points 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 10.1.1 of Annex XIII to this Regulation, and point 1.1 of Appendix 6 to Annex XIII to this Regulation apply;’; (b) in paragraph 1a, the following point is added: ‘(e) the requirements laid down in Article 6 and Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 are met with respect to the vehicle group concerned, except where the manufacturer indicates that new vehicles of the type to be approved will not be registered, sold or put into service in the Union on or after the dates laid down in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 24 of that Regulation for the respective vehicle group.’.

Article 27

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

▼M3









ANNEX I

CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES IN VEHICLE GROUPS AND METHOD TO DETERMINE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR HEAVY BUSES

1. Classification of the vehicles for the purpose of this Regulation

1.1 Classification of vehicles of category N







Table 1 Vehicle groups for vehicles of category N Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Vehicle group Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration Axle configuration Chassis configuration Technically permissible maximum laden mass (tons) Long haul Long haul (EMS) Regional delivery Regional delivery (EMS) Urban delivery Municipal utility Construction 4 × 2 Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 7,4 – 7,5 1s R R ▼M1 Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 7,5 – 10 1 R R Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 10 – 12 2 R+T1 R R Rigid lorry (or tractor) (*1) > 12 – 16 3 R R Rigid lorry > 16 4 R+T2 R R R Tractor > 16 5 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST Rigid lorry > 16 4v (*2) R R Tractor > 16 5v (*2) T+ST ▼M3 4 × 4 Rigid lorry > 7,5 – 16 (6) Rigid lorry > 16 (7) Tractor > 16 (8) ▼M1 6 × 2 Rigid lorry all weights 9 R+T2 R+D+ST R R+D+ST R Tractor all weights 10 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST T+ST+T2 Rigid lorry all weights 9v (*2) R R Tractor all weights 10v (*2) T+ST 6 × 4 Rigid lorry all weights 11 R+T2 R+D+ST R R+D+ST R R Tractor all weights 12 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST T+ST+T2 T+ST ▼M3 6 × 6 Rigid lorry all weights (13) Tractor all weights (14) 8 × 2 Rigid lorry all weights (15) ▼M1 8 × 4 Rigid lorry all weights (16) R ▼M3 8 × 6 8 ×8 Rigid lorry all weights (17) 8 × 2 8 × 4 8 × 6 8 × 8 Tractor all weights (18) 5 axles, all configurations Rigid lorry or tractor all weights (19) ( *1 ) In these vehicle classes tractors are treated as rigid lorries but with specific curb weight of tractor. ( *2 ) Sub-group ‘v’ of vehicle groups 4, 5, 9 and 10: these mission profiles are exclusively applicable to vocational vehicles. (*) EMS — European Modular System T = Tractor R = Rigid lorry & standard body T1, T2 = Standard trailers ST = Standard semitrailer D = Standard dolly







Table 2 Vehicle groups for medium lorries Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration Axle configuration Chassis configuration Vehicle group Long haul Long haul EMS (*1) Regional delivery Regional delivery EMS (*1) Urban delivery Municipal utility Construction FWD / 4 × 2F Rigid Lorry (or tractor) (51) Van (52) RWD / 4 × 2 Rigid Lorry (or tractor) 53 R R Van 54 I I AWD / 4 × 4 Rigid Lorry (or tractor) (55) Van (56) ( *1 ) EMS - European Modular System R = Standard body I = Van with its integrated body FWD = Front wheel driven RWD = Single driven axle which is not the front axle AWD = More than a single driven axle

1.2. Classification of vehicles of category M

1.2.1. Heavy buses

1.2.2. Classification of primary vehicles







Table 3 Vehicle groups for primary vehicles Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Vehicle group (1) Allocation of generic body Vehicle sub-group Allocation of mission profile Number of axles Artic-ulated Low floor (LF) / High floor (HF) (2) Number of decks (3) Heavy Urban Urban Suburban Interurban Coach 2 no P31/32 LF SD P31 SD x x x x DD P31 DD x x x HF SD P32 SD x x DD P32 DD x x 3 no P33/34 LF SD P33 SD x x x x DD P33 DD x x x HF SD P34 SD x x DD P34 DD x x yes P35/36 LF SD P35 SD x x x x DD P35 DD x x x HF SD P36 SD x x DD P36 DD x x 4 no P37/38 LF SD P37 SD x x x x DD P37 DD x x x HF SD P38 SD x x DD P38 DD x x yes P39/40 LF SD P39 SD x x x x DD P39 DD x x x HF SD P40 SD x x DD P40 DD x x ( 1 ) ‘P’ indicates the primary stage of the classification; the two numbers separated by the slash indicate the numbers for vehicle groups the vehicle can be allocated in the complete or completed stage. ( 2 ) ‘Low floor’ means vehicle codes ‘CE’, ‘CF’, ‘CG’, ‘CH’, as set out in point 3 of part C of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

‘High floor’ means vehicle codes ‘CA’, ‘CB’, ‘CC’, ‘CD’, as set out in point 3 of part C of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858. ( 3 ) ‘SD’ means single deck vehicle, ‘DD’ means double deck.

1.2.3. Classification of complete vehicles or completed vehicles

The classification of complete or completed vehicles that are heavy buses is based on the following six criteria:

(a) Number of axles;

(b) Vehicle code as set out in Annex I, part C, point 3, to Regulation (EU) 2018/858;

(c) Class of vehicle in accordance with paragraph 2 of UN Regulation No. 107 ( 2 );

(d) Low entry vehicle (‘yes/no’ information derived from vehicle code and type of axle) to be determined according the decision flow shown in Figure 1;

(e) Number of passengers in lower deck from the Certificate of Conformity as set out in Annex VIII to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 ( 3 ) or equivalent documents in the case of individual vehicle approval;

(f) Height of the integrated body to be determined in accordance with Annex VIII.

Figure 1

Decision flow to determine whether a vehicle is ‘low entry’ or not:

The corresponding classification to be used is given in Tables 4, 5 and 6.







Table 4 Vehicle groups for complete vehicles and completed vehicles that are heavy buses with 2 axles Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Vehicle group Allocation of mission profile Number of Axles Chassis configuration (explanation only) Vehicle Code (*1) Class of vehicle (*2) Low Entry (Vehicle Code CE or CG only) Passenger seats in lower deck (Vehicle Code CB or CD only) Height of the integrated body in [mm] (Vehicles Class ‘II+III’ only) I I +II or A II II +III III or B Heavy Urban Urban Suburban Interurban Coach 2 rigid LF SD CE x x x no — — 31a x x x x x yes — — 31b1 x x x x yes — — 31b2 x x x x DD CF x x x — — — 31c x x x open top SD CI x x x x x — — — 31d x x x DD CJ x x x x x — — — 31e x x x HF SD CA x — — — 32a x x x — — ≤ 3 100 32b x x x — — > 3 100 32c x x x — — — 32d x x DD CB x x x — ≤ 6 — 32e x x x x x — > 6 — 32f x x ( *1 ) In accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/858. ( *2 ) In accordance with paragraph 2 of UN Regulation No. 107.







Table 5 Vehicle groups for complete vehicles and completed vehicles that are heavy buses with 3 axles Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Vehicle group Allocation of mission profile Number of Axles Chassis configuration (explanation only) Vehicle Code (*1) Class of vehicle (*2) Low Entry (Vehicle Code CE or CG only) Passenger seats in lower deck (Vehicle Code CB or CD only) Height of the integrated body in [mm] (Vehicles Class ‘II+III’ only) I I +II or A II II + III III or B Heavy Urban Urban Suburban Interurban Coach 3 rigid LF SD CE x x x no — — 33a x x x x x yes — — 33b1 x x x x yes — — 33b2 x x x x DD CF x x x — — — 33c x x x open top SD CI x x x x x — — — 33d x x x DD CJ x x x x x — — — 33e x x x HF SD CA x — — — 34a x x x — — ≤ 3 100 34b x x x — — > 3 100 34c x x x — — — 34d x x DD CB x x x — ≤ 6 — 34e x x x x x — > 6 — 34f x x articu-lated LF SD CG x x x no — — 35a x x x x x yes — — 35b1 x x x x yes — — 35b2 x x x x DD CH x x x — — — 35c x x x HF SD CC x — — — 36a x x x — — ≤ 3 100 36b x x SD x — — > 3 100 36c x x x — — — 36d x x DD CD x x x — ≤ 6 — 36e x x x x x — > 6 — 36f x x ( *1 ) In accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/858. ( *2 ) In accordance with paragraph 2 of UN Regulation No. 107.







Table 6 Vehicle groups for complete vehicles and completed vehicles that are heavy buses with 4 axles Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups Vehicle group Allocation of mission profile Number of Axles Chassis configuration (explanation only) Vehicle Code (*1) Class of vehicle (*2) Low Entry (Vehicle Code CE or CG only) Passenger seats in lower deck (Vehicle Code CB or CD only) Height of the integrated body in [mm] (Vehicles Class ‘II+III’ only) I I +II or A II II +III III or B Heavy Urban Urban Suburban Interurban Coach 4 rigid LF SD CE x x x no — — 37a x x x x x yes — — 37b1 x x x x yes — — 37b2 x x x x DD CF x x x — — — 37c x x x open top SD CI x x x x x — — — 37d x x x DD CJ x x x x x — — — 37e x x x HF SD CA x — — — 38a x x x — — ≤ 3 100 38b x x x — — > 3 100 38c x x x — — — 38d x x DD CB x x x — ≤ 6 — 38e x x x x x — > 6 — 38f x x articu-lated LF SD CG x x x no — — 39a x x x x x yes — — 39b1 x x x x yes — — 39b2 x x x x DD CH x x x — — — 39c x x x HF SD CC x — — — 40a x x x — — ≤ 3 100 40b x x SD x — — > 3 100 40c x x x — — — 40d x x DD CD x x x — ≤ 6 — 40e x x x x x — > 6 — 40f x x ( *1 ) In accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/858. ( *2 ) In accordance with paragraph 2 of UN Regulation No. 107.

2. Method to determine CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for heavy buses

2.1. For heavy buses the vehicle specifications of the complete vehicle or completed vehicle including properties of the final bodywork and auxiliary units shall be reflected in the results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. In the case of heavy buses built in steps, more than a single manufacturer may be involved in the process of generation of input data and input information and the operation of the simulation tool. For heavy buses the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption shall be based on the following two different simulations:

(a) for the primary vehicle;

(b) for the complete vehicle or completed vehicle.

2.2. If a heavy bus is approved by a manufacturer as a complete vehicle, the simulations shall be performed for both the primary vehicle and the complete vehicle.

2.3. For the primary vehicle the input to the simulation tool covers input data regarding the engine, transmission, tyres and input information for a subset of auxiliary units ( 4 ). The classification into vehicle groups is performed in accordance with Table 3 based on the number of axles and the information whether the vehicle is an articulated bus or not. In the simulations for the primary vehicle the simulation tool allocates a set of four different generic bodies (high floor and low floor, single deck and double deck bodywork) and simulates the 11 mission profiles as listed in Table 3 for each vehicle group for two different loading conditions. This leads to a set of 22 results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for a primary heavy bus. The simulation tool produces the vehicle information file for the initial step (VIF1), which contains all necessary data to be handed over to the subsequent manufacturing step. The VIF1 comprises all non-confidential input data, the results for energy consumption ( 5 ) in [MJ/km], information on the primary manufacturer and the relevant hashes ( 6 ).

2.4. The manufacturer of the primary vehicle shall make the VIF1 available to the manufacturer responsible for the subsequent manufacturing step. Where a manufacturer of a primary vehicle provides data going beyond the primary vehicle requirements as set out in Annex III, this data does not influence the simulation results for the primary vehicle but is written into the VIF1 to be considered in later steps. For a primary vehicle the simulation tool furthermore produces a manufacturer’s records file.

2.5. In the case of an interim vehicle, the interim manufacturer is responsible for a sub-set of relevant input data and input information for the final bodywork ( 7 ). An interim manufacturer does not apply for certification of the completed vehicle. An interim manufacturer shall add or update information relevant for the completed vehicle and operate the simulation tool to produce an updated and hashed version of the vehicle information file (VIFi) ( 8 ). The VIFi shall be made available to the manufacturer responsible for the subsequent manufacturing step. For interim vehicles the VIFi also covers the task of documentation towards approval authorities. No simulations of CO2 emissions and/or fuel consumption are performed on interim vehicles.

2.6. If a manufacturer performs modifications to an interim, complete or completed vehicle, which would require updates to the input data or the input information allocated to the primary vehicle (e.g. a change of an axle or of tyres), the manufacturer performing the modification acts as a primary vehicle manufacturer with the corresponding responsibilities.

2.7. For a complete or completed vehicle the manufacturer shall complement and, if necessary, update the input data and input information for the final bodywork as transmitted in the VIFi from the previous manufacturing step and shall operate the simulation tool to calculate the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. For the simulations at this stage, heavy buses are classified based on the six criteria set out in point 1.2.3 into the vehicle groups as listed in Tables 4, 5 and 6. To determine CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of complete vehicles or completed vehicles that are heavy buses the simulation tool performs the following calculation steps:

2.7.1. Step 1 - Selection of the primary vehicle sub-group which matches the bodywork of the complete or completed vehicle (e.g. ‘P34 DD’ for ‘34f’) and making available the corresponding results for energy consumption from the primary vehicle simulation.

2.7.2. Step 2 - Performing simulations to quantify the influence of the bodywork and auxiliaries of the complete vehicle or completed vehicle compared to the generic bodywork and auxiliaries, as considered in the simulations for the primary vehicle regarding energy consumption. In these simulations, generic data are used for the set of primary vehicle data, which are not part of the information transfer between different manufacturing steps as provided by the VIF ( 9 ).

2.7.3. Step 3 - Combining energy consumption results from the primary vehicle simulation as made available by step 1 with the results from step 2 provides the energy consumption results of the complete or completed vehicle. The details of this calculation step are documented in the user manual of the simulation tool.

2.7.4. Step 4 - Results for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle are calculated based on the results of step 3 and the generic fuel specifications as stored in the simulation tool. Steps 2, 3 and 4 are performed separately for each combination of mission profile as listed in the Tables 4, 5 and 6 for the vehicle groups in both low and representative loading condition.

2.7.5. For a complete vehicle or completed vehicle the simulation tool produces a manufacturer’s records file, a customer information file as well as a VIFi. The VIFi shall be made available to the subsequent manufacturer in the event the vehicle undergoes a further step to be completed. Figure 2 shows the data flow based on the example of a vehicle produced in five CO2 related manufacturing steps. Figure 2

Example of data flow in the case of a heavy bus manufactured in five steps

▼B









ANNEX II

REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL

1. The processes to be set up by the vehicle manufacturer with a view to the operation of the simulation tool

1.1. The manufacturer shall set up at least the following processes:

1.1.1 A data management system covering sourcing, storing, handling and retrieving of the input information and input data for the simulation tool as well as handling certificates on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component families, separate technical unit families and system families. The data management system shall at least: (a) ensure application of correct input information and input data to specific vehicle configurations (b) ensure correct calculation and application of standard values; ▼M3 (c) verify by means of comparing cryptographic hashes that the input files of components, separate technical units, systems or if applicable their respective families, which are used for the simulation corresponds to the input data of the component, separate technical unit, system or if applicable their respective family for which the certification has been granted; ▼B (d) include a protected database for storing the input data relating to the component families, separate technical unit families or system families and the corresponding certificates of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties; (e) ensure correct management of the changes of specification and updates of components, separate technical units and systems; (f) enable tracing of the components, separate technical units and systems after the vehicle is produced.

1.1.2 A data management system covering retrieving of the input information and input data and calculations by means of the simulation tool and storing of the output data. The data management system shall at least: (a) ensure a correct application of cryptographic hashes; (b) include a protected database for storing the output data;

1.1.3 Process for consulting the dedicated electronic distribution platform referred to in Article 5(2) and Article 10(1) and (2), as well as downloading and installing the latest versions of the simulation tool.

1.1.4 Appropriate training of staff working with the simulation tool.

2. Assessment by the approval authority

2.1. The approval authority shall verify whether the processes set out in point 1 related to the operation of the simulation tool have been set up.

The approval authority shall also verify the following:

(a) the functioning of the processes set out in points 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 and the application of the requirement set out in point 1.1.4;

▼M3

(b) that the processes used during the demonstration are applied in the same manner in all the production facilities manufacturing vehicles belonging to the application case concerned;

▼B

(c) the completeness of the description of the data and process flows of operations related to the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicles.

▼M3

For the purpose of the second paragraph, point (a), the verification shall include determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of at least one vehicle from each production facility for which the licence has been applied for.

▼B









Appendix 1

MODEL OF AN INFORMATION DOCUMENT FOR THE PURPOSES OF OPERATING THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING THE CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF NEW VEHICLES

SECTION I

▼M3

1 Name and address of vehicle manufacturer:

▼B

2 Assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point 1 of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 have been set up with a view to the operation of the simulation tool:

▼M3

3 Application case covered:

▼B

4 Name and address of the manufacturer's representative (if any)

SECTION II

1. Additional information

1.1 Data and process flow handling description (e.g. flow chart)

1.2 Description of quality management process

1.3 Additional quality management certificates (if any)

1.4 Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage

1.5 Additional documents (if any)

2. Date: …

3. Signature: …









Appendix 2

MODEL OF A LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF NEW VEHICLES

Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm)

LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL WITH A VIEW TO DETERMINING CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION OF NEW VEHICLES







Communication concerning: — granting (1) — extension (1) — refusal (1) — withdrawal (1) Administration stamp ( 1 ) Delete where not applicable (there are cases where nothing needs to be deleted when more than one entry is applicable)

of the licence to operate simulation tool with regard to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 as implemented by Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

Licence number:

Reason for extension: …

SECTION I

▼M3

0.1 Name and address of vehicle manufacturer:

0.2 Production facilities and/or assembly plants for which the processes referred to in point 1 of Annex II to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 ( 10 ) have been set up with a view to the operation of the simulation tool

0.3 Application case covered:

▼B

SECTION II

1. Additional information

1.1 Assessment report performed by an approval authority

1.2. Data and process flow handling description (e.g. flow chart)

1.3. Description of quality management process

1.4. Additional quality management certificates (if any)

1.5. Description of simulation tool data sourcing, handling and storage

1.6 Additional documents (if any)

2. Approval authority responsible for carrying out the assessment

3. Date of the assessment report

4. Number of assessment report report

5. Remarks (if any): see Addendum

6. Place

7. Date

8. Signature

▼M3









ANNEX III

INPUT INFORMATION RELATING TO THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VEHICLE

1. Introduction

This Annex describes the list of parameters to be provided by the vehicle manufacturer as input to the simulation tool. The applicable XML schema as well as example data are available at the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

2. Definitions

(1) ‘parameter ID’: Unique identifier as used in the simulation tool for a specific input parameter or set of input data.

(2) ‘type’: Data type of the parameter string … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding token … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding, no leading/trailing whitespace date … date and time in UTC time in the format:YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ with italic letters denoting fixed characters e.g. ‘2002-05-30T09:30:10Z’ integer … value with an integral data type, no leading zeros, e.g. ‘1 800 ’ double, X … fractional number with exactly X digits after the decimal sign (‘.’) and no leading zeros e.g. for ‘double, 2’: ‘2 345,67 ’; for ‘double, 4’: ‘45.6780’.

(3) ‘unit’ … physical unit of the parameter.

(4) ‘corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ means the mass as specified under the ‘actual mass of the vehicle’ in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 (*) with an exception for the tank(s) which shall be filled to at least 50 % of its or their capacity/ies. The liquid containing systems are filled to 100 % of the capacity specified by the manufacturer, except the liquid containing systems for waste water that must remain empty. For medium rigid lorries, heavy rigid lorries and tractors the mass is determined without superstructure and corrected by the additional weight of the non-installed standard equipment as specified in point 4.3. The mass of a standard body, standard semi-trailer or standard trailer to simulate the complete vehicle or complete vehicle-(semi-)trailer combination are added automatically by the simulation tool. All parts that are mounted on and above the main frame are regarded as superstructure parts if they are installed only for facilitating a superstructure, independent of the necessary parts for in running order conditions. For heavy buses that are primary vehicles ‘corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ is not applicable as the generic mass value is allocated by the simulation tool.

(5) ‘height of the integrated body’ means the difference in ‘Z’-direction between the reference point ‘A’ of the highest point and lowest point ‘B’ of an integrated body (see Figure 1). For vehicles deviating from the standard case, the following cases are applicable (see Figure 2): Special case 1, two levels: Height of the integrated body is the average of h1 and h2, where — h1 is the difference between point A, but determined in the cross section of the vehicle at the rear end of first passenger door, and point B — h2 is the difference between point A and point B Special case 2, inclined: Height of the integrated body is the average of h1 and h2, where — h1 is the difference between point A, but determined in the cross section of the vehicle at the rear end of first passenger door, and point B — h2 is the difference between point A and point B Special case 3, open top with roof section: — Height of the integrated body determined in the remaining roof section Special case 4, open top without any roof section: — Height of the integrated body is the difference between the highest point of the vehicle within one meter in the longitudinal direction of the front screen or upper front screen, in the case of a double decker, and point B For all other cases not covered by standard or special cases 1 to 4, the height of the integrated body is the difference between the highest point of the vehicle and point B. This parameter is relevant only for heavy buses. Figure 1

Height of the integrated body – standard case

Figure 2

Height of the integrated body – special cases



(6) reference point ‘A’ means the highest point on the bodywork (Figure 1). Body and/or design panels, brackets for mounting e.g. HVAC systems, hatches and similar items shall not be considered.

(7) reference point ‘B’ means the lowest point on the lower outside edge of the bodywork (Figure 1). Brackets e.g. for axle mounting shall not be considered.

(8) ‘vehicle length’ means the vehicle dimension in accordance with Table I of Appendix 1 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 1230/2012. Additionally, removable load carrier devices, non-removable coupling devices and any other non-removable exterior parts which do not affect the usable space for passengers shall not be taken into account. This parameter is relevant only for heavy buses.

(9) ‘vehicle width’ means the vehicle dimension in accordance with Table II of Appendix 1 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 1230/2012. Deviating from these provisions and not to be considered are removable load carrier devices, non-removable coupling devices and any other non-removable exterior parts which do not affect the usable space for passengers.

(10) ‘entrance height in non-kneeled position’ means the floor level within the first door aperture above the ground, measured at the most forward door of the vehicle when the vehicle is in non-kneeled position.

(11) ‘fuel cell’ means an energy converter transforming chemical energy (input) into electrical energy (output) or vice versa.

(12) ‘fuel cell vehicle’ or ‘FCV’ means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively fuel cell(s) and electric machine(s) as propulsion energy converter(s).

(13) ‘fuel cell hybrid vehicle’ or ‘FCHV’ means a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one fuel storage system and at least one rechargeable electric energy storage system as propulsion energy storage systems.

(14) ‘pure ICE vehicle’ means a vehicle where all of the propulsion energy converters are internal combustion engines.

(15) ‘electric machine’ or ‘EM’ means an energy converter transforming between electrical and mechanical energy.

(16) ‘energy storage system’ means a system which stores energy and releases it in the same form as was input.

(17) ‘propulsion energy storage system’ means an energy storage system of the powertrain which is not a peripheral device and whose output energy is used directly or indirectly for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.

(18) ‘category of propulsion energy storage system’ means a fuel storage system, a rechargeable electric energy storage system (REESS), or a rechargeable mechanical energy storage system.

(19) ‘downstream’ means a position in the vehicle’s powertrain that is closer to the wheels than the actual reference position.

(20) ‘drivetrain’ means the connected elements of the powertrain for transmission of the mechanical energy between the propulsion energy converter(s) and the wheels.

(21) ‘energy converter’ means a system where the form of energy output is different from the form of energy input.

(22) ‘propulsion energy converter’ means an energy converter of the powertrain which is not a peripheral device whose output energy is used directly or indirectly for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.

(23) ‘category of propulsion energy converter’ means an internal combustion engine, an electric machine, or a fuel cell.

(24) ‘form of energy’ means electrical energy, mechanical energy, or chemical energy (including fuels).

(25) ‘fuel storage system’ means a propulsion energy storage system that stores chemical energy as liquid or gaseous fuel.

(26) ‘hybrid vehicle’ or ‘HV’ means a vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least two different categories of propulsion energy converters and at least two different categories of propulsion energy storage systems.

(27) ‘hybrid electric vehicle’ or ‘HEV’ means a hybrid vehicle where one of the propulsion energy converters is an electric machine and the other one is an internal combustion engine.

(28) ‘serial HEV’ means a HEV with a powertrain architecture where the ICE powers one or more electrical energy conversion paths with no mechanical connection between the ICE and the wheels of the vehicle.

(29) ‘internal combustion engine’ or ‘ICE’ means an energy converter with intermittent or continuous oxidation of combustible fuel transforming between chemical and mechanical energy.

(30) ‘off-vehicle charging hybrid electric vehicle’ or ‘OVC-HEV’ means a hybrid electric vehicle that can be charged from an external source.

(31) ‘parallel HEV’ means a HEV with a powertrain architecture where the ICE powers only a single mechanically connected path between the engine and the wheels of the vehicle.

(32) ‘peripheral devices’ means any energy consuming, converting, storing or supplying devices, where the energy is not directly or indirectly used for the purpose of vehicle propulsion but which are essential to the operation of the powertrain.

(33) ‘powertrain’ means the total combination in a vehicle of propulsion energy storage system(s), propulsion energy converter(s) and the drivetrain(s) providing the mechanical energy at the wheels for the purpose of vehicle propulsion, plus peripheral devices.

(34) ‘pure electric vehicle’ or ‘PEV’ means a motor vehicle pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, article 3(16), equipped with a powertrain containing exclusively electric machines as propulsion energy converters and exclusively rechargeable electric energy storage systems as propulsion energy storage systems and/or alternatively any other means for direct conductive or inductive supply of electric energy from the power network providing the propulsion energy to the motor vehicle.

(35) ‘upstream’ means a position in the vehicle’s powertrain that is further away from the wheels than the actual reference position.

(36) ‘IEPC’ means an integrated electric powertrain component in accordance with point 2(36) of Annex Xb.

(37) ‘IHPC Type 1’ means an integrated hybrid electric vehicle powertrain component Type 1 in accordance with point 2(38) of Annex Xb.

3. Set of input parameters

In Tables 1 to 11 the sets of input parameters to be provided regarding the characteristics of the vehicle are specified. Different sets are defined depending on the application case (medium lorries, heavy lorries and heavy buses).

For heavy buses a differentiation is made between input parameters to be provided for the simulations at the primary vehicle and for the simulations at the complete vehicle or completed vehicle. The following provisions shall apply:

— Primary vehicle manufacturers shall provide all parameters listed in the primary vehicle column.

— Primary vehicle manufacturers may furthermore provide additional input parameters related to the complete or completed vehicle, which can be determined already at this initial stage. In this case information on Manufacturer (P235), Manufacturer Address (P252), VIN (P238) and Date (P239) shall be provided both for the set of primary input parameters and for the set of additional input parameters.

— Interim manufacturers shall provide input parameters related to the complete or completed vehicle which can be determined at this stage and which are under their responsibility. If a parameter which was already provided by a previous manufacturing stage is updated, the entire status of the parameter must be specified (example: if a second heat pump is added to the vehicle, the technology of both systems shall be provided). Information on Manufacturer (P235), Manufacturer Address (P252), VIN (P238) and Date (P239) and shall be provided by interim manufacturers in all cases;

— Manufactures of the completed vehicle shall provide input parameters which can be determined at this stage and which are under their responsibility. For necessary updates of parameters already provided by previous manufacturing stages, the same provisions as for interim manufacturers shall apply. Information on Manufacturer (P235), Manufacturer Address (P252), VIN (P238), Date (P239) and Corrected Actual Mass (P038) shall be provided in all cases. In order to be able to carry out the necessary simulations, the consolidated data set from all manufacturing stages must contain the entire information listed in the column for the complete vehicle or completed vehicle;

— Manufacturers related to the complete stage shall provide all input parameters. Information on Manufacturer (P235), Manufacturer Address (P252), VIN (P238) and Date (P239) shall be provided both for the primary input parameters and for the complete vehicle input parameters;

— The parameter ‘VehicleDeclarationType’ (P293) shall be delivered by all manufacturing stages which provide any of the parameters as listed for the complete or completed vehicle.







Table 1 Input parameters ‘Vehicle/General’ Parameter name Parameter ID Type Unit Description/Reference Heavy lorries Medium lorries Heavy buses (primary vehicle) Heavy buses (complete or completed vehicle) Manufacturer P235 Token [-] X X X X Manufacturer Address P252 Token [-] X X X X Model_CommercialName P236 Token [-] X X X X VIN P238 Token [-] X X X X Date P239 Date Time [-] Date and time when input information and input data is created X X X X Legislative Category P251 String [-] Allowed values: ‘N2’, ‘N3’,‘M3’ X X X X ChassisConfiguration P036 String [-] Allowed values: ‘Rigid Lorry’, ‘Tractor’, ‘Van’, ‘Bus’ X X X AxleConfiguration P037 String [-] Allowed values: ‘4 × 2’, ‘4 × 2F’, ‘6 × 2’, ‘6 × 4’, ‘8 × 2’, ‘8 × 4’where ‘4 × 2F’ refers to 4 × 2 vehicles with a driven front axle X X X Articulated P281 boolean In accordance with Article 3, point (37) X CorrectedActualMass P038 Int [kg] In accordance with ‘Corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ as specified in point 2(4) X X X TechnicalPermissibleMaximumLadenMass P041 int [kg] In accordance with Article 2, point (7) of Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 X X X X IdlingSpeed P198 int [1/min] In accordance with point 7.1 For PEV no input is required. X X X RetarderType P052 string [-] Allowed values: ‘None’, ‘Losses included in Gearbox’, ‘Engine Retarder’, ‘Transmission Input Retarder’, ‘Transmission Output Retarder’, ‘Axlegear Input Retarder’ ‘Axlegear Input Retarder’ is applicable only for powertrain architectures ‘E3’, ‘S3’, ‘S-IEPC’ and ‘E-IEPC’ X X X RetarderRatio P053 double, 3 [-] Step-up ratio in accordance with table 2 of Annex VI X X X AngledriveType P180 string [-] Allowed values: ‘None’, ‘Losses included in Gearbox’, ‘Separate Angledrive’ X X X PTOShafts GearWheels (1) P247 string [-] Allowed values: ‘none’, ‘only the drive shaft of the PTO’, ‘drive shaft and/or up to 2 gear wheels’, ‘drive shaft and/or more than 2 gear wheels’, ‘only one engaged gearwheel above oil level’ , ‘PTO which includes 1 or more additional gearmesh(es), without disconnect clutch’ X PTOOther Elements (1) P248 string [-] Allowed values: ‘none’, ‘shift claw, synchroniser, sliding gearwheel’, ‘multi-disc clutch’, ‘multi-disc clutch, oil pump’ X CertificationNumberEngine P261 token [-] Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle X X X CertificationNumberGearbox P262 token [-] Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle and certified input data is provided X X X CertificationNumberTorqueconverter P263 token [-] Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle and certified input data is provided X X X CertificationNumberAxlegear P264 token [-] Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle and certified input data is provided X X X CertificationNumberAngledrive P265 token [-] Refers to certified ADC component installed in the angle drive position. Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle and certified input data is provided X X X CertificationNumberRetarder P266 token [-] Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle and certified input data is provided X X X Certification NumberAirdrag P268 token [-] Only applicable if certified input data is provided X X X AirdragModifiedMultistage P334 boolean [-] Input required for all manufacturing stages subsequent to a first entry to the air drag component. If parameter is set to ‘true’ w/o providing a certified air drag component, the simulation tool applies standard values according to Annex VIII. X Certification NumberIEPC P351 token [-] Only applicable if the component is present in the vehicle and certified input data is provided X X X ZeroEmissionVehicle P269 boolean [-] As defined in Article 3, point (15) X X X VocationalVehicle P270 boolean [-] In accordance with Article 3, point (9) of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 X NgTankSystem P275 string [-] Allowed values: ‘Compressed’, ‘Liquefied’ Only relevant for vehicles with engines of fuel type ‘NG PI’ and ‘NG CI’ (P193) Where both tank systems are present on a vehicle, the system which is able to contain the higher amount of fuel energy shall be declared as input to the simulation tool. X X X Sleepercab P276 boolean [-] X ClassBus P282 string [-] Allowed values: ‘I’, ‘I+II’, ‘A’, ‘II’, ‘II+III’, ‘III’, ‘B’ in accordance with paragraph 2 of UN Regulation No. 107 X NumberPassengersSeatsLowerDeck P283 int [-] Number of passenger seats - excluding driver and crew seats. In the case of a double deck vehicle, this parameter shall be used to declare the passenger seats from the lower deck. In the case of a single deck vehicle, this parameter shall be used to declare the number of total passenger seats. X NumberPassengersStandingLowerDeck P354 int [-] Number of registered standing passengers In the case of a double deck vehicle, this parameter shall be used to declare the registered standing passengers from the lower deck. In the case of a single deck vehicle, this parameter shall be used to declare the total number of registered standing passengers. X NumberPassengersSeatsUpperDeck P284 int [-] Number of passenger seats - excluding driver and crew seats of t