1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of20March1970
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against
airpollutionbygasesfrompositive-ignitionenginesofmotorvehicles
(70/220/EEC)
(OJ L 76, 6.4.1970, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►A1Act of Accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern IrelandL 73 14 27.3.1972
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of20March1970
on the approximationof the lawsofthe Member States relating to
measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-
ignitionenginesofmotorvehicles
(70/220/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament(1);
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(2);
Whereas a regulation of 14 October 1968 amending the
Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung was published in Germany in
theBundesgesetzblatt Part I of 18 October 1968; whereas that regula-
tion contains provisions on measures to be taken against air pollution
by positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles; whereas those provi-sions will enter into force on 1 October 1970;
Whereas a regulation of 31 March 1969 on the ‘Composition of
exhaust gases emitted from petrol engines of motor vehicles’ was
published in France in the Journal officiel of 17 May 1969; whereas
that regulation is applicable:
— from 1 September 1971, to type-approved vehicles with a new type
of engine, that is to say, a type of engine which has never beforebeen installed in a type-approved vehicle;
— from 1 September 1972, to vehicles put into service for the first
time;
Whereas those provisions are liable to hinder the establishment and
proper functioning of the common market; whereas it is thereforenecessary that all Member States adopt the same requirements, either
in addition to or in place of their existing rules, in order, in particular,
to allow the EEC type — approval procedure which was the subject ofthe Council Directive(
3) of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of
the laws of the Member States relating to the type approval of motorvehicles and their trailers to be applied in respect of each type of
vehicle;
Whereas, however, the present Directive will be applied before the date
laid down for the application of the Directive of 6 February 1970;whereas at that time therefore the procedures of this last Directive
will not yet be applicable; whereas therefore an ad hocprocedure
must be laid down in the form of a communication certifying that avehicle type has been tested and that it satisfies the requirements ofthis Directive;
Whereas, on the basis of that communication, each Member State
requested to grant national type approval of a type of vehicle must beable to ascertain whether that type has been submitted to the tests laiddown in this Directive; whereas, to this end, each Member State shouldinform the other Member States of its findings by sending them a copyof the communication completed for each type of motor vehicle which
has been tested;
Whereas a longer period of adaptation should be laid down for industry
in respect of the requirements relating to the testing of the averageemission of gaseous pollutants in a congested urban area after a cold1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 160, 18.12.1969, p. 7.
(2) OJ No C 48, 16.4.1969, p. 16.
(3) OJ No L 42, 23.2.1970, p. 1.
▼B
start than in respect of the other technical requirements of this Direc-
tive;
Whereas it is desirable to use the technical requirements adopted by the
UN Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No 15(1)
(Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles equippedwith a positive-ignition engine with regard to the emission of gaseouspollutants by the engine), annexed to the Agreement of 20 March 1958concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and reci-
procal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts;
Whereas, furthermore, the technical requirements must be rapidly
adapted to take account of technical progress; whereas, to this end,provision should be made for application of the procedure laid downin Article 13 of the Council Directive of 6 February 1970 on the type
approval of motor vehicles and their trailers;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any vehicle with a
positive-ignition engine, intended for use on the road, with or without
bodywork, having at least four wheels, a permissible maximum weight
of at least 400 kg and a maximum design speed equal to or exceeding50 km/h, with the exception of agricultural tractors and machinery andpublic works vehicles.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type approval or national
type approval of a vehicle on grounds relating to air pollution by gases
from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles:
— from 1 October 1970, where that vehicle satisfies both the require-
ments contained in Annex I, with the exception of those in items3.2.1.1 and 3.2.2.1, and the requirements contained in Annexes II,IV, V and VI;
— from 1 October 1971, where that vehicle satisfies, in addition, the
requirements contained in items 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.2.1 of Annex I andin Annex III.
Article 2a
No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale or registration, entry
into service or use of a vehicle on grounds relating to air pollution by
gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles if that vehicle
satisfies the requirements set out in Annexes I, II, III, IV, V and VI.
Article 3
1. On application being made by a manufacturer or his authorised
representative, the competent authorities of the Member Stateconcerned shall complete the sections of the communication providedfor in Annex VII. A copy of that communication shall be sent to theother Member States and to the applicant. Other Member States whichare requested to grant national type approval for the same type of
vehicle shall accept that document as proof that the tests provided for
have been carried out.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall be revoked as soon as the
Council Directive of 6 February 1970 on the type approval of motorvehicles and their trailers enters into force.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 3
(1) ECE (Geneva) Document W/TRANS/WP 29/293/Rev. 1, 11.4.1969.▼A1
▼B
▼B
Article 4
The Member State which has granted type approval shall take the
necessary measures to ensure that it is informed of any modification
of a part or characteristic referred to in item 1.1 of Annex I. The
competent authorities of that Member State shall determine whetherfresh tests should be carried out on the modified prototype and whethera fresh report should be drawn up. Where such tests reveal failure tocomply with the requirements of this Directive, the modification shallnot be approved.
Article 5
The amendments necessary for adjusting the requirements of Annexes I
to VII so as to take account of technical progress shall be adopted in
accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of the Council
Directive of 6 February 1970 on the type approval of motor vehiclesand their trailers.
Article 6
1. Member States shall adopt provisions containing the requirements
needed in order to comply with this Directive before 30 June 1970 andshall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that they communicate to the
Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which
they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 4
▼B
ANNEX I
DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR TYPE APPROVAL AND TEST
SPECIFICATIONS
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1.Vehicle type with regard to the limitation of the emission of
gaseouspollutantsfromtheengine
‘Vehicle type with regard to the limitation of the emission of gaseous
pollutants from the engine’ means vehicles which do not differ in
essential respects, in particular as regards the following points:
1.1.1. The equivalent inertia determined in relation to the reference weight,
as laid down in item 4.2 of Annex III;
1.1.2. The engine characteristics as defined in items 1-6 and 8 of Annex II.
1.2.Reference weight
‘Reference weight’ means the weight of the vehicle in running order,
increased by a uniform weight of 120 kg. The weight of the vehicle in
running order is its total unladen weight with all tanks full—with the
exception of the fuel tank, which must only be half full—and a set of
tools and the spare wheel on board.
1.3.Enginecrankcase
‘Engine crankcase’ means the spaces in or external to an engine
which are connected to the oil sumpby internal or external ductsthrough which gases and vapours can escape.
1.4.Gaseouspollutants
‘Gaseous pollutants’ means carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
1.5.Maximumweight
‘Maximum weight’ means the technically permissible maximum
weight declared by the vehicle manufacturer (this weight may be
greater than the permissible maximum weight).
2. APPLICATION FOR TYPE APPROVAL
2.1. The following particulars must be submitted by the manufacturer or
his authorised representative:
2.1.1. A description of the engine type, including all the particulars referred
to in Annex II;
2.1.2. Drawings of the combustion chamber and of the piston, including the
piston rings;
2.1.3. Maximum lifts of valves and angles of opening and closing in relation
to dead centres.
2.2. A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be
submitted to the technical service conducting the tests referred to in
item 3.
3. TEST SPECIFICATIONS
3.1.General
The components liable to affect the emission of gaseous pollutants
shall be so designed, constructed and assembled as to enable the
vehicle, in normal use, despite the vibration to which it may be
subjected, to comply with the requirements of this Directive.
3.2.Descriptionoftests
3.2.1. The vehicle shall be subjected, according to its weight category, to
Types I, II and III tests, as specified below:1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 5
▼B
3.2.2.1. Type I test (verifying the average emission of gaseous pollutants in a
congested urban area after a cold start).
3.2.1.1.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in Article 1
whose maximum weight does not exceed 3·5 metric tons.
3.2.1.1.2. The vehicle shall be placed on a dynamometer bench equipped with a
brake and a flywheel. A test lasting a total of thirteen minutes and
comprising four cycles shall be carried out without interruption.
Each cycle shall comprise 15 phases (idling, acceleration, steady
speed, deceleration, etc.). During the test the exhaust gases shall be
collected in one or more bags. The gases shall be analysed and their
volume measured at the end of the filling period.
3.2.1.1.3. The test shall be carried out by the procedure described in Annex III.
The methods used to collect and analyse the gases shall be those laid
down. Other methods may be approved if it is found that they yield
equivalent results.
3.2.1.1.4. The mass of the carbon monoxide and the mass of the hydrocarbons
obtained in the test must be less, for a vehicle of given reference
weight, than the amounts shown in the table below:
Reference weight (RW) in kgMass of carbon
monoxide per test
in gMass of hydrocar-
bons per test in g
RW≤750 100 8·0
750 < RW ≤850 109 8·4
850 < RW ≤1020 117 8·7
1020 < RW ≤1250 134 9·4
1250 < RW ≤1470 152 10·1
1470 < RW ≤1700 169 10·8
1700 < RW ≤1930 186 11·4
1930 < RW ≤2150 203 12·1
2150 < RW 220 12·8
3.2.1.2. Type II test (carbon-monoxide emission test at idling speed).
3.2.1.2.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in Article 1.
3.2.1.2.2. The carbon-monoxide content by volume of the exhaust gases emitted
with the enging at idling speed must not exceed 4·5%.
3.2.1.2.3. This content shall be checked through a test carried out in accordance
with the procedure described in Annex IV.
3.2.1.3. Type III test (verifying emissions of crankcase gases).
3.2.1.3.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in Article 1
with the exception of those having a two-stroke engine with compres-
sion in the crankcase.
3.2.1.3.2. The mass of the hydrocarbons contained in the crankcase gases which
are not recycled by the engine must be less than 0·15% of the mass of
the fuel consumed by the engine.
3.2.1.3.3. This mass shall be checked through a test carried out in accordance
with the procedure described in Annex V.
3.2.2. As a general rule conformity of production models, with regard to
limitation of the emission of gaseous pollutants from the engine, shall
be verified on the basis of the description in the communication given
in Annex VII and, where necessary, of all or some of the tests of
Types I, II and III referred to in item 3.2. However:
3.2.2.1. In a Type I test carried out on a vehicle taken from the series the
collected mass of the carbon monoxide and the collected mass of the
hydrocarbons shall not exceed the values for L1and L2respectively
given in the following table:
Reference weight (RW) in kgMass of carbon
monoxide per test
in g L1Mass of hydrocar-
bons per test in g L2
RW≤750 120 10·4
750 < RW ≤850 131 10·9
850 < RW ≤1020 140 11·3
1020 < RW ≤1250 161 12·21970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 6
▼B
Reference weight (RW) in kgMass of carbon
monoxide per test
in g L1Mass of hydrocar-
bons per test in g L2
1250 < RW ≤1470 182 13·1
1470 < RW ≤1700 203 14·0
1700 < RW ≤1930 223 14·8
1930 < RW ≤2150 244 15·7
2150 < RW 264 16·6
3.2.2.1.1. If the mass of the carbon monoxide or the mass of the hydrocarbons
produced by the vehicle taken from the series exceeds the limits L1and L2above, the manufacturer may ask for measurements to be
made on a sample of vehicles taken from the series, including the
vehicle originally taken. The manufacturer shall determine the size n
of the sample. The arithmetic mean /C22xx of the results obtained with the
sample and the standard deviation S(1) of the sample shall then be
determined for each gaseous pollutant. The production of the series
shall then be deemed to conform if the following condition is met:
where: /C22xxþk:S/C20L;
L = the limit value laid down in item 3.2.2.1 for each gaseous
pollutant considered; and
k = a statistical factor dependent on n and given in the following
table:
n 234567
k 0·973 0·613 0·489 0·421 0·376 0·342
n8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
k 0·317 0·296 0·279 0·265 0·253 0·242
n 1 41 51 61 71 81 9
k 0·233 0·224 0·216 0·210 0·203 0·198
If n≥20, k ¼0/C1860ﬃﬃﬃnp1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 7
(1)S2¼Xx/C0/C22xxðÞ2
n/C01;where x is any one of the individual results obtained with the
sample n.
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ANNEX II
1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 8
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1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 9
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ANNEX III
TYPEITEST
(verifying the average emission of pollutants in a congested urban area after a
cold start)
Procedure forTypeItestspecifiedinitem3.2.1.1.ofAnnexI
1. OPERATING CYCLE ON THE DYNAMOMETER BENCH1.1.Descriptionofcycle
The operating cycle on the dynamometer bench shall be that indicated
in the following table and plotted in Appendix 1. The analysis by
operations is given in Appendix 2.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 10
Operatingcycle onthedynamometerbench
No of
operationOperation PhaseAccelera-
tion
m/sec2Speed
km/hDuration of eachCumulative
time
(sec)Gear to be used in the
case of a manual
gearboxOperation
(sec)Phase
(sec)
1 Idling 1 11 11 11 6 sec PM + 5 sec
K1(1)
2 Acceleration 2 1·04 0—15 4 4 15 13 Steady speed 3 15 8 8 23 14 Deceleration9
=
;4− 0·69 15—10 29
=
;525 1
5 Deceleration, clutch disengaged − 0·92 10—0 3 28 K
1
6 Idling 5 21 21 49 16 sec PM + 5 sec
K1
7 Acceleration9
>>>=
>>>;60·83 0—15 59
>>>=
>>>;1254 1
8 Gear change 2 569 Acceleration 0·94 15—32 5 61 2
10 Steady speed 7 32 24 24 85 211 Deceleration9
=
;8− 0·75 32—10 89
=
;1193 2
12 Deceleration, clutch disengaged − 0·92 10—0 3 96 K
2
13 Idling 9 21 21 117 16 sec PM + 5 sec
K1
14 Acceleration9
>>>>>>>>>=
>>>>>>>>>;100·83 0—15 59
>>>>>>>>>=
>>>>>>>>>;26122 1
15 Gear change 2 124
16 Acceleration 0·62 15—35 9 133 2
17 Gear change 2 13518 Acceleration 0·52 35—50 8 143 319 Steady speed 11 50 12 12 155 320 Deceleration 12 − 0·52 50—35 8 8 163 321 Steady speed 13 35 13 13 176 322 Gear change9
>>>>=
>>>>;1429
>>>>=
>>>>;12178
23 Deceleration − 0·86 32—10 7 185 224 Deceleration, clutch disengaged − 0·92 10—0 3 188 K
2▼B1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 11
No of
operationOperation PhaseAccelera-
tion
m/sec2Speed
km/hDuration of eachCumulative
time
(sec)Gear to be used in the
case of a manual
gearboxOperation
(sec)Phase
(sec)
25 Idling 15 7 7 195 7 sec PM
(1) PM = Gearbox in neutral, clutch engaged.
K1,K2= First or second gear engaged, clutch disengaged.▼B1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 12
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1.2.Generalconditionsforcarryingoutthecycle
Preliminary testing cycles should be carried out if necessary to deter-
mine how best to actuate the accelerator and brake controls so as to
achieve a cycle approximating to the theoretical cycle within the
prescribed limits.
1.3.Useofthegearbox
1.3.1. If the maximum speed which can be attained in first gear is below
15 km/h, the second, third and fourth gears shall be used.
1.3.2. Vehicles equipped with semi-automatic gearboxes shall be tested by
using the ratios normally employed for driving, and the gear lever shall
be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.3.3. Vehicles equipped with fully automatic gearboxes shall be tested with
the highest gear (‘Drive’) engaged. The accelerator shall be operated
so as to obtain the steadiest acceleration possible, allowing the various
gears to be engaged in the normal order. Furthermore, the gear-change
points shown in Appendix 1 shall not apply; acceleration shall continue
throughout the period represented by the straight lines connecting the
end of each period of idling with the beginning of the next period of
steady speed. The tolerances given in item 1.4 shall apply.
1.3.4. Vehicles equipped with an overdrive which can be actuated by the
driver shall be tested with the overdrive out of action.
1.4.Tolerances
1.4.1. A tolerance of 1 km/h above or below the theoretical speed shall be
allowed during acceleration during steady speed, and during decelera-
tion when the vehicle's brakes are applied. If the vehicle decelerates
more rapidly without the use of the brakes, only the requirements of
item 5.6.3 shall apply. Speed tolerances greater than those prescribed
shall be permitted during phase changes provided that the tolerances
are never exceeded for more than 0·5 second on any one occasion.
1.4.2. Time tolerances of ± 0·5 sec. These tolerances shall apply at the begin-
ning and at the end of each gear-changing period(1).
1.4.3. The speed and time tolerances shall be combined as indicated in
Appendix 1.
2. VEHICLE AND FUEL2.1.Testvehicle
2.1.1. The vehicle shall be presented in good mechanical condition. It shall
have been run in and have been driven at least 3 000 km before the test.
2.1.2. The exhaust device shall not have any leaks likely to reduce the quan-
tity of gases collected, which shall be the quantity of gases emerging
from the engine.
2.1.3. The tightness of the admission system may be checked to ensure that
carburation is not affected by an accidental intake of air.
2.1.4. The settings of the engine and of the vehicle's controls shall be those
prescribed by the manufacturer.
2.1.5. A vacuum gauge shall be installed in the intake circuit near the carbur-
ettor, beyond the throttle.
2.1.6. The laboratory may verify that the vehicle conforms to the perfor-
mances stated by the manufacturer, that it can be used for normal
driving, and more particularly that it is capable of starting when cold
and when hot.
2.2.Fuel
2.2.1. The fuel shall be the reference fuel whose specifications are given in
Annex VI. If the engine is lubricated by a mixture, the oil added to
the reference fuel shall comply as to grade and quantity with the manu-
facturer's recommendations.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 13
(1) It should be noted that the time of two seconds allowed includes the time for changing
gear and, if necessary, a certain amount of latitude to catch upwith the cycle.
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3. TEST EQUIPMENT
3.1.Dynamometerbrake
No particular model is prescribed. However, its adjustment shall not be
affected by the lapse of time. It shall not produce any perceptible vibra-
tions in the vehicle likely to impair the latter's normal operation. It must
be equipped with an inertia adapter enabling the operation of the
vehicle on the road to be reproduced (equivalent inertias).
3.2.Gas-collection equipment
3.2.1. The connecting tubes shall be made of steel and shall, so far as
possible, be provided with rigid connections. However, a completely
gas-tight flexible ring element shall be used to isolate the device from
the vehicle vibrations. Other materials may be used if they do not affect
the composition of the gases.
3.2.2. If the vehicle being tested is equipped with an exhaust pipe comprising
several branches, the branches shall be interlinked as near as possible to
the vehicle.
3.2.3. The temperature of the gases in the collecting system shall be compa-
tible with the correct operation of the engine, with maintenance of the
sampling bags in good condition, with the hydrocarbon absorption level
laid down in item 4.5.1 and with the reduction to a minimum of
condensation on the sides of the sampling bag or bags.
3.2.4. The various valves used to direct the exhaust gases either to the atmo-
sphere or to the sampling device shall be quickly adjustable and quick-
acting.
3.2.5. The collecting device shall comprise one or more bags of adequate
capacity. The bags shall be made of such materials as will not affect
either the accuracy of the measurements or the conservation of the
gases.
3.3.Analyticalequipment
3.3.1. The sampling probe may consist of the sampling tube leading into the
collecting device or of the bag-emptying tube. It may also be indepen-
dent but in no case shall its opening be at the bottom of the bag.
3.3.2. Analysers shall be of the non-dispersive type with absorption in the
infra-red. The hydrocarbons analyser shall be sensitised for n-hexane.
3.4.Volume-measuringequipment
3.4.1. A volumetric gauge shall be used.
3.4.2. Pressure and temperature measurements enabling the volume to be
referred to standard conditions shall be carried out at points selected in
the light of the type of gauge used. The laboratory shall specify their
positions.
3.4.3. The gas-bleeding device may consist of a pump or of any other system
which keeps the pressure measured at the gauge constant.
3.5.Accuracyofinstruments
3.5.1. As the brake is calibrated in a separate test, the accuracy of the dynam-
ometer is not indicated. The total inertia of the rotating masses,
including that of the rollers and the rotating part of the brake (see
item 4.2), shall be given to within ± 20 kg.
3.5.2. The speed of the vehicle shall be measured by the speed of rotation of
the rollers connected to the brake flywheels. It shall be measurable to
within ± 2 km/h in the speed range 0 to 10 km/h and to within ± 1 km/
h for speeds above 10 km/h.
3.5.3 The temperatures considered in items 5.1.1 and 6.3.3 shall be measur-
able to within ± 2 ºC.
3.5.4. The atmospheric pressure shall be measurable to within ± 1 mm of
mercury.
3.5.5. The vacuum in the vehicle's intake system shall be measurable to
within ± 5 mm of mercury. The other pressures (backpressure in the
sampling device, pressure for correction of volume etc.) must be
measurable to within ± 5 mm water gauge.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 14
▼B
3.5.6. The size and accuracy of the gauge shall be appropriate to the volume
of gas to be measured, so that the measurement of volume is accurate
to within ± 2%.
3.5.7. The analysers shall have a measuring range compatible with the accu-
racy required to measure the content of the various constituents to
within ± 3%, disregarding the accuracy of the standard (calibration)
gases. The overall response time of the analysing circuit shall be less
than one minute.
3.5.8. The content of the standard gases shall not differ by more than ± 2%
from the reference value of each gas. The diluent shall be nitrogen.
4. PREPARING THE TEST4.1.Settingofbrake
4.1.1. The brake shall be so adjusted as to reproduce the operation of the
vehicle on the level at a steady speed of 50 km/h.
4.1.2. For this purpose the vacuum shall be measured at the engine intake
during a road test carried out at 50 km/h in third gear, or using the
gears specified in item 1.3, the vehicle being loaded to its reference
weight and the tyre pressure being that indicated by the manufacturer.
The vacuum shall be measured when a steady speed on the level has
been maintained for at least fifteen seconds. To take account of the
effects of wind, the average of the results of measurements made twice
in each direction shall be taken.
4.1.3. The vehicle shall then be placed on the dynamometer bench and the
brake so adjusted as to obtain the same vacuum at the intake as that
recorded in the road test referred to item 4.1.2 above. This brake setting
shall be maintained throughout the test.
4.1.4. This setting is appropriate for brakes of hydraulic type. For other types
it may be necessary to make sure that the setting so obtained is appro-
priate for other intermediate states between idling and the maximum
speed in the cycle. If necessary, an average setting shall be adopted.
4.2.Adjustment of equivalent inertias to the vehicle's translatory iner-
tias
A flywheel shall be used enabling a total inertia of the rotating masses
to be obtained proportional to the reference weight within the following
limits:
Reference weight (RW) of vehicle in kg Equivalent inertias in kg
RW≤750 680
750 < RW ≤850 800
850 < RW ≤1020 910
1020 < RW ≤1250 1 130
1250 < RW ≤1470 1 360
1470 < RW ≤1700 1 590
1700 < RW ≤1930 1 810
1930 < RW ≤2150 2 040
2150 < RW 2 270
4.3.Conditioningofvehicle
4.3.1. Before the test the vehicle shall be kept at a temperature of between 20 º
and 30 ºC for at least six hours. The cooling-water and engine-oil
temperatures shall be measured before the test to make sure that they
are between 20 º and 30 ºC.
4.3.2. The tyre pressure shall, as in the case of the preliminary road test for
brake adjustment, be that indicated by the manufacturer. However, if
the diamter of the rollers is less than 50 cm, the pressure in the tyres
shall be increased by 30-50% to prevent damage to the tyres.
4.4.Checkofback-pressure
During the preliminary tests a check shall be made to ensure that the
back-pressure set up by the sampling device does not exceed 75 mm
water gauge, measurements being performed at the various steady
speeds prescribed in the cycle.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 15
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4.5.Conditioningofbags
4.5.1. The bags shall be so conditioned, particularly with regard to hydrocar-
bons, that hydrocarbon losses over a period of 20 minutes do not
exceed 2% of the initial content. This conditioning shall be carried out
during preliminary tests conducted at temperatures close to the extreme
temperatures encountered during the various tests.
4.5.2. Losses shall be measured as follows. When the engine is running at a
constant (rpm) speed the hydrocarbon content of the gases entering the
bag shall be measured continuously until the bag has been filled. The
content, when filling is completed, must be the average of the contents
recorded during filling. The bag shall be emptied by the analyser pumps
and the content recorded continuously or at fixed intervals. If after
twenty minutes the content has varied by more than 2%, the bag shall
be emptied and then refilled for a second measurement. This cycle shall
be repeated as many times as is necessary to saturate the walls.
4.6.Calibrationofanalyticalapparatus
4.6.1. Calibration of analysers.
The quantity of gas at the indicated pressure compatible with the
correct functioning of the equipment shall be injected into the analyser
by means of the discharge gauge and the pressure-reducing valve
mounted on each bottle. The apparatus shall be adjusted to indicate as
a stabilised value the value shown on the standard-gas bottle. Starting
from the setting obtained with the maximum-content bottle, the curve
of the analyser's deviations shall be drawn as a function of the content
of the various standard-gas bottles used.
4.6.2. Overall response time of the apparatus.
The gas from the maximum-content bottle shall be injected into the end
of the sampling probe. A check shall be made to ensure that the indi-
cated value corresponding to maximum deviation is attained in less than
one minute. If this value is not attained, the analysing circuit shall be
inspected from end to end for leaks.
4.7.Adjustmentofvolume-measuringdevice
The bag shall be filled during the preliminary tests and a check made to
ensure that the volume can be measured with the desired accuracy. If
necessary, a suitable (gas) gauge shall be selected in each case.
5. PROCEDURE FOR BENCH TESTS
5.1.Specialconditionsforcarrying outthecycle
5.1.1. The temperature in the place where the roller bench is situated shall be
between 20 º and 30 ºC throughout the test and approximate as closely
as possible that of the place where the vehicle was conditioned for the
test.
5.1.2. The vehicle shall be more or less horizontal during the test so as to
avoid any abnormal distribution of the fuel.
5.1.3. The test shall be carried out with the bonnet raised. An auxiliary venti-
lating device acting on the radiator (water-cooled) or on the air intake
(air-cooled) may be used, if necessary, to keepthe engine temp erature
normal.
5.1.4. When the cycle is carried out the speed considered shall be that of the
rollers connected to the brake flywheel. During the test the speed shall
be plotted against time so that the correctness of the cycles performed
can be assessed.
5.1.5. Recording of the vacuum shall be optional; however, if it is recorded at
the same time as the speed, it will be possible to judge whether the
accelerations have been made correctly.
5.1.6. The temperatures of the cooling water and of the crankcase oil may
also be recorded if desired.
5.2.Startinguptheengine
5.2.1. The engine shall be started upby means of the devices p rovided for this
purpose, such as the choke, the starter valve, etc., according to the
manufacturer's instructions.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 16
▼B
5.2.2. The engine shall be kept idling on the choke for a period of forty
seconds. The first cycle shall begin when the valve of the effluent-
recovery device is operated, which shall be done at the end of the
forty-second period.
5.3.Useofthemanualchoke
The choke shall be cut out as soon as possible, and in principle before
acceleration from 0 to 50 km/h. If this requirement cannot be met, the
moment of effective cut-out shall be indicated. The method used to
adjust the choke shall be that indicated by the manufacturer.
5.4.Idling
5.4.1. Manual-shift gearbox:
5.4.1.1. During periods of idling the clutch shall be engaged and the gears in
neutral.
5.4.1.2. To enable the accelerations to be performed according to the normal
cycle the vehicle shall be put in first gear, with the clutch disengaged,
five seconds before the acceleration following the idling period in ques-
tion.
5.4.1.3. The first idling period at the beginning of the cycle shall consist of six
seconds of idling in neutral with the clutch engaged and five seconds in
first gear with the clutch disengaged.
5.4.1.4. For the idling periods during each cycle the corresponding times shall
be sixteen seconds in neutral and five seconds in first gear with the
clutch disengaged.
5.4.1.5. The last idling period in the cycle shall consist of seven seconds in
neutral with the clutch engaged.
5.4.2. Semi-automatic gearboxes:
The manufacturer's instructions for driving in town, or in their absence
instructions applicable to manual gearboxes, shall be followed.
5.4.3. Automatic gearboxes:
The selector must not be operated at any time during the test unless the
manufacturer specifies otherwise. In the latter case the procedure for
manual gearboxes shall be applied.
5.5.Accelerations
5.5.1. Accelerations shall be so performed that the rate of acceleration is as
constant as possible throughout the operation.
5.5.2. If acceleration cannot be carried out in the prescribed time, the extra
time required shall be deducted from the time allowed for changing
the combination, if possible, and in any case from the next steady-speed
period.
5.6.Decelerations
5.6.1. All decelerations shall be effected by removing the foot completely
from the accelerator, the clutch remaining engaged. The clutch shall
be disengaged, without touching the gear lever, at a speed of 10 km/h.
5.6.2. If the period of deceleration is longer than that prescribed for the corre-
sponding phase, the vehicle's brakes shall be used to keep to the cycle.
5.6.3. If the period of deceleration is shorter than that prescribed for the corre-
sponding phase, the timing of the theoretical cycle shall be restored by
an idling period merging into the following idling operation.
5.6.4. At the end of the deceleration period (stopping vehicle on the rollers)
the gear shall be put into neutral and the clutch engaged.
5.7.Steadyspeeds
5.7.1. ‘Pumping’ or the closing of the throttle shall be avoided when passing
from acceleration to the following steady speed.
5.7.2. Periods of constant speed shall be achieved by keeping the accelerator
position fixed.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 17
▼B
6. PROCEDURE FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
6.1.Sampling
6.1.1. Sampling shall begin as soon as the valve has been opened as indicated
in item 5.2.2.
6.1.2. If several bags are used the bag shall be changed at the beginning of the
first idling period of a cycle.
6.1.3. The bag shall be hermetically closed as soon as it is full.6.1.4. At the end of the last cycle the valve shall be operated to divert the
gases produced by the engine into the atmosphere.
6.2.Analysis
6.2.1. The gases contained in each bag shall be analysed as soon as possible
and in any event not later than twenty minutes after filling of the bag in
question began.
6.2.2. If the sampling probe is not left permanently in the bag, the entry of air
into the latter during insertion of the probe and the escape of gases
from the bag during extraction of the probe should be avoided.
6.2.3. The analyser shall be in a stabilised condition within one minute of its
connection to the bag.
6.2.4. The figure adopted as the content of the gases in each of the effluents
measured shall be that read off after stabilisation of the measuring
instrument.
6.3.Measurementofvolume
6.3.1. To avoid wide temperature variations, the volume of the bag or bags
shall be measured as soon as the gases have reached room temperature.
6.3.2. The bags shall be emptied by passing the gases through the gas gauge.6.3.3. The temperature (tm) used for the calculations shall be the arithmetic
mean of the temperatures at the beginning and at the end of emptying,
the maximum permissible difference between these two temperatures
being less than 5 ºC.
6.3.4. The pressure (Pm) used for the calculations shall be the arithmetic
mean of the absolute pressures recorded beginning and at the end of
emptying, the maximum permissable difference between these two
pressures being less than 4 mm of mercury.
6.3.5. The volume of gas drawn off for analysis shall be added to the volume
measured by the meter if the first volume is equivalent to more than 1
per cent of the measured volume. The result obtained shall be desig-
nated by the symbol Vm.
7. DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY OF GASEOUS POLLU-
TANTS EMITTED
7.1.Correctionofthemeasuredvolumesofgas
The volume of the gases contained in each bag shall be referred to
normal temperature and pressure by means of the formula:
V¼Vm
273
273þtm/C2Pm/C0PH
760;
Vm: is the volume, expressed in litres, recorded as indicated in item
6.3.5;
tm: is the arithmetic mean of the extreme temperatures recorded as
indicated in item 6.3.3, expressed in degrees Celsius;
Pm: is the arithmetic mean of the extreme absolute pressures recorded
as indicated in item 6.3.4, expressed in millimetres of mercury;
and
PH: is the saturated-water-vapour pressure, expressed in millimetres
of mercury, at temperature Tm.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 18
▼B
7.2.Massofthegaseouspollutantscontainedineachbag
The mass of the gaseous pollutants contained in each bag shall be
determined by the product dCV, where C is the content by volume
and d the volume mass of the gaseous pollutant considered:
— in the case of carbon monoxide, d = 1·250;
— in the case of hydrocarbons, d = 3·844 (n-hexane).
7.3.Totalmassofgaseouspollutantsemitted
The mass M of each gaseous pollutant emitted by the vehicle during the
test shall be determined by adding the masses of the gaseous pollutants
contained in each bag and calculated as indcated in item 7.2.
Note:Laboratories are recommended to check the analyses by also measuring the quantity
of carbon dioxide produced.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 19
▼B
APPENDIX 1
1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 20
▼B
APPENDIX 2
Analysisoftheoperatingcycle usedforthetypeItest
Time %
1.Analysisbyphases
Idling … ......................... 60sec 30·8/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C15035·4 Idling, vehicle moving, clutch engaged
on one combination ................ 9sec 4·6
Gear change … .................... 8sec 4·1
Accelerations … ... ................ 36sec 18·5
Steady speed … ... ................ 57sec 29·2
Decelerations … ... ................ 25sec 12·8
195 sec 100
2.Analysisbasedonuseofgearbox
Idling … ......................... 60sec 30·8/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C15034·5 Idling, vehicle moving, clutch engaged
on one combination ................ 9sec 4·6
Gear change … .................... 8sec 4·1
— first gear … ... ................ 24sec 12·3
— second gear … . ................ 53sec 27·2
— third gear … ... ................ 41sec 21
195 sec 100
Average speed during test: 19 km/h.
Effective running time: 195 sec.Theoretical distance covered per cycle: 1·013 km.
Equivalent distance for the test (4 cycles): 4·052 km.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 21
▼B
ANNEX IV
TYPEIITEST
(Carbon-monoxide emission test at idling speed)
Procedure fortheTypeIItestspecifiedinitem3.2.12ofAnnexI
1. CONDITIONS OF MEASUREMENT
1.1. The fuel shall be the reference fuel whose specifications are given in
Annex VI.
1.2. The carbon-monoxide content by volume shall be measured immediately
after the fourth cycle of the Type I test, with the engine at idling speed.
1.3. In the case of vehicles with manual or semi-automatic transmission gear-
boxes the test shall be carried out with the gear lever in the ‘neutral’
position and with the clutch engaged.
1.4. In the case of vehicles with automatic transmission gearboxes the test shall
be carried out with the gear selector in the ‘zero’ or ‘parking’ position.
2. SAMPLING OF GASES
2.1. The sampling probe shall be placed in the pipe connecting the vehicle
exhaust with the sampling bag and as close as possible to the exhaust.
2.2. In order to take account of possible dilution of the exhaust gases with air,
the content by volume of carbon monoxide (T1) and of carbon dioxide (T2)
shall be measured, and the content by volume (T) to be compared with the
prescribed limit shall be calculated by the formula
T¼T1/C20/C115
T1þT2 ðÞ1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 22
▼B
ANNEX V
TYPEIIITEST
(Verifying emissions of crankcase gases)
Procedure fortheTypeIIItestspecifiedinitem3.2.1.3ofAnnexI
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The Type III test shall be carried out on the vehicle subjected to the Type
I and the Type II tests.
1.2. The engines tested shall include leak-proof engines other than those so
designed that even a slight leakage may cause unacceptable operating
faults (such as flat-twin engines).
2. TEST CONDITIONS
2.1. Idling shall be regulated in conformity with the manufacturer's recom-
mendations; in the absence of such recommendations it shall be so
regulated as to achieve a maximum vacuum in the intake manifold.
2.2. The measurements shall be performed in the following three sets of
conditions of engine operation:
Condition NoVehicle speed
(km/h)Vacuum at intake
(mm mercury)Weighting factor
1 Idling 0·25
2 50 ± 2 400 ± 8 0·25
3 50 ± 2 250 ± 8 0·50
2.3. If the engine cannot operate under a vacuum of 400 mm (mercury gauge)
the vacuum shall be so adjusted as to equal that recorded on a level road
at a constant speed of 50 km/h. The vacuum of condition 3 in the tableabove shall be that recorded as specified above multiplied by
250
400¼0/C1625 :
2.4. The engine speed for measurements as referred to under 2 and 3 in item
2.2 shall be selected as the lowest engine speed at which, gear ratios
being taken into account, the vehicle can travel at a speed of 50 km/h in
normal operating conditions.
3. TEST METHOD
3.1. In each of the sets of conditions 1, 2 and 3 specified in item 2.2 above,
the following shall be measured:
3.1.1. The volume Qnnot recycled by the device in the unit time;
3.1.2. The consumption by weight Cnof fuel in the same unit time.
3.2. The volumes Qn, measured as specified in item 4.6 in each of the sets of
conditions, shall be referred to the standard conditions (760 mm mercury;
0 ºC) by the formula
Q0
n¼QnH
760/C2273
T
3.3. The content by volume of hydrocarbons, t, shall be measured as specified
in item 4.4. If the manufacturer so requests, the crankcase gases shall not
be analysed but shall be assumed to contain 15000 ppm of hydrocarbons.
3.4. The volume mass (weight per unit volume) of hydrocarbons shall be
assumed to be 3·84 g/litre; for each of the aforementioned sets of condi-
tions the weight of hydrocarbons discharged to the atmosphere shall be
determined by the formula:
Pn=Q′n× t × 3·84,
Q′nbeing the corrected volumes.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 23
▼B
3.5. The mean weight of hydrocarbons /C22PP and the consumption /C22CC of fuel shall
be calculated from the values obtained for each of the aforementioned
sets of conditions by applying the weighting factors specified in item
2.2. They shall be expressed in the same units.
3.6. Interpretation of results
The vehicle shall be deemed satisfactory if
/C22PP/C200/C115
100/C2/C22CC:
4. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF THE VOLUME QnNOT
RECYCLED BY THE DEVICE
4.1.Stepstobetakenbeforethetest
Before the test, all apertures other than that required for the recovery of
the gases shall be stopped up.
4.2.Principle ofthemethod
4.2.1. A suitable take-off not introducing any additional loss of pressure shall be
installed on the recycling circuit of the device directly at the engine-
connection aperture.
4.2.2. A flexible bag made of a material not absorbing hydrocarbons shall be so
connected to the outlet from the take-off so as to collect the gases which
are not recycled by the engine (see Appendix). The bag shall be emptied
at each measurement.
4.3.Methodofmeasurement
The bag shall be stopped up before each measurement. It shall be brought
into communication with the take-off for a known period of time and
then emptied through a suitable volumetric meter.
During emptying as aforesaid the pressure H, expressed in mm (mercury
gauge), and the temperature N, expressed in degrees Celsius, shall be
measured for the purpose of volume correction as referred to in item 3.2.
4.4.Measurementofhydrocarboncontent
4.4.1. During emptying as aforesaid the hydrocarbon content shall, if appro-
priate, be measured by means of a non-dispersive n-hexane-sensitised
infra-red analyser. The reading shall be multiplied by the coefficient
1·24 to allow for the absolute hydrocarbons concentration in the crank-
case gases.
4.4.2. The analysers and the reference gases shall meet the conditions laid down
in Annex III, items 3.5.7 and 3.5.8.
4.5.Measurementoffuelconsumption
The weight of fuel consumed in each of the conditions of operation
defined in item 2.2 shall be determined. This weight shall be referred to
the unit time.
4.6.Expressionofresultsofmeasurements
The values Q ′n, in which n relates to each of the conditions referred to in
item 2.2, and the consumptions Cnshall be referred to the same unit time
for the purpose of applying the weighting coefficients and the calcula-
tions for determining the weighted weight of hydrocarbons and the
weighted consumption of fuel.
4.7.Accuracyofmeasurements
4.7.1. The pressure in the bag during measurement of the volumes shall be
measured to within ± 1 mm (mercury gauge).
4.7.2. The vacuum at intake shall be measured to within ± 8 mm (mercury
gauge).
4.7.3. The vehicle speed shall be taken at the rollers and measured to within
± 2 km/h.
4.7.4. The quantity of gas discharged shall be measured to within ± 5%.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 24
▼B
4.7.5. The temperature of the gases during measurement of the volume shall be
measured to within ± 2 ºC.
4.7.6. The hydrocarbon content shall be measured, if appropriate, to within
± 5%, irrespective of the degree of accuracy of the reference gases.
4.7.7. The fuel consumption shall be measured to within ± 4%.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 25
▼B
APPENDIX
TypeIIITest
1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 26
▼B
ANNEX VI
Characteristicsofreference fuel (1)andmethodsusedtodeterminethem
Limits and units Method
Research octane number 99 ± 1 ASTM(2) D 908-67
specific gravity 15/4 ºC 0·742 ± 0·007 ASTM D 1 298-67/C144/C147/C147/C147/C147/C145/C147/C147/C147/C147/C146Reid vapour pressure0·6 ± 0·04 bars
ASTM D 323-58 8·82 ± 0·59 psi
Distillation
Initial boiling point
— 10% vol 50 ± 5 ºC ASTM D 86-67
— 50% vol 100 ± 10 ºC— 90% vol 160 ± 10 ºCFinal boiling point 195 ± 10 ºC— residue max. 2% vol— loss max. 1% volHydrocarbon analysis
ASTM D 1319-66 T— olefins 18 ± 4% vol
— aromatics 35 ± 5% vol
— saturates balance
Oxidation stability min. 480 minutes ASTM D 525-55(residual) max. 4 mg/100 ml ASTM D 381-64Antioxidant min. 50 ppmSulphur content 0·03 ± 0·015% by weight ASTM D 1266-64/C144/C147/C147/C147/C147/C145/C147/C147/C147/C147/C146Lead content0·57 ± 0·03 g/l
ASTM D 526-662·587 ± 0·136 g/IG
— nature of scavenger motor mix— organic lead compound not specifiedOther additives nil
(1) In blending the reference fuel, only conventional European base materials should be used, unconventional
components such as pyrolysis gasoline, thermally cracked material and motor benzole being excluded.
(2) Initials of the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103,
U.S.A. The figures after the dash denote the year in which a standard was adopted or revised.
Should any ASTM standards be amended, the standards adopted in the years quoted above will remain applic-
able unless it is agreed to replace them by later standards.1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 27
▼B
ANNEX VII
Communication concerning the application of the Council Directive of 20 March 1970 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air
pollutionbygasesfrompositive-ignitionenginesofmotorvehicles
1970L0220 — EN — 01.01.1973 — 001.001 — 28