1991H0141 — EN — 17.12.1996 — 002.001

This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents

Amended by:

Amended by:

A1 Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C 241 21 29.8.1994 (adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 001 1 ..

Corrected by:

▼B

RECOMMENDATION COMMISSION

of 31 January 1991

concerning coal statistics

(91/141/ECSC)

THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, and in particular Article 47 thereof, Whereas statistics on coal are essential if the obligations imposed on the Community under Article 3 of the ECSC Treaty are to be complied with; Whereas this is particularly true given the importance of coal for the Community's energy supplies and in the light of energy market trends in anticipation of the single market in the Community after 1992; Whereas management of the coal sector depends increasingly on the early availability of full and reliable information on imports, exports and deliveries of solid fuels, HAS ADOPTED THIS RECOMMENDATION:

Article 1

The Member States shall supply the Commission, with effect from January 1991, with the statistical information specified in the questionnaires annexed to this recommendation under the conditions laid out therein.

Article 2

This recommendation shall take effect on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

This recommendation is addressed to the Member States.

▼M1

ANNEX

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

1. Deadline

The deadline is nine months after the year concerned for Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

The deadline is three months after the year concerned for Tables A E1, A E2, A E3 and A E4.

If there are revisions to periods other than the year in question, they must be shown on separate questionnaire(s).

2. Transmission

The questionnaire is to be teletransmitted.

Administrations which do not have teletransmission should send it by post.

3. Address

E-mail address: Pierluigi.CANEGALLO@eurostat.cec.be

Postal address:

European Commission

Statistical Office of the European Communities

for the attention of

Head of Unit ‘Energy and Raw Materials’

Bâtiment Jean MONNET

rue Alcide de Gasperi

L-2920 LUXEMBOURG.

4. Questionnaires' content

First part: Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Second part: Tables A E1, A E2, A E3, and A E4.

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

1. Units

All figures are given in 1 000 metric tonnes, unless specified otherwise.

2. Product definitions

Hard coal

Black, combustible, solid, organic, fossil sediment with a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg in ash-free condition with the moisture content obtained at a temperature of 30 °C and a relative air humidity of 96 %.

‘Lignito negro’, produced in Spain, is also regarded as hard coal.

The following three hard coal subdivisions will be used for hard coal quality based on grade and not on actual use.

2.1. Anthracite and LV dry steam

Hard coal with low volatility and moisture content.

2.2. Coking coal

Hard coal suitable for production of coke capable of supporting the weight of a blast furnace charge.

2.3. Steam coal

Hard coal of quality suitable for heat and/or steam production in industrial boilers (power plants, heating plants, industrial boilers).

Lignite

Combustible, brown to black, organic fossil sediment with a gross calorific value lower than 24 MJ/kg in ash-free condition with the moisture content obtained at a temperature of 30 °C and a relative air humidity of 96 %.

Distinction is made between the following types:

— Black lignite — with a moisture content of 20 to 25 % and an ash content of 9 to 13 %. — Black lignite was formed in the secondary era. Within the European Union, it is now produced only by France from deep-mining in Provence.

— Brown coal — with a moisture content of 40 to 70 % and an ash content normally between 2 and 6 %; the latter, however, may be as high as 12 % depending on the deposit. Brown coal was mainly formed in the tertiary era. This fuel is mostly mined in opencast workings.

Peat

Soft, loose to compressed, natural, combustible fossil sediment of vegetable origin with a high moisture content (up to 90 %), light to dark brown in colour.

Patent fuel

Patent fuels of hard coal are artefacts of specified shape produced by hot milling under pressure, with the addition of binding material (pitch).

Lignite briquettes (briquettes, dried lignite)

Lignite briquettes are artefacts of even shape produced after crushing and drying of lignite, moulded under high pressure without the addition of binders. This includes dried lignite and lignite breeze.

Peat briquettes

Peat briquettes are artefacts of even shape produced after crushing and drying of peat, moulded under high pressure without the addition of binders.

Coke derived from hard coal

Coke derived from hard coal is an artificial solid fuel obtained by dry distillation of the coal in the total or partial absence of air. Distinction is made, according to the method of manufacture, between:

— Hard coke: obtained by carbonization at high temperatures

— Semi-coke: obtained by carbonization at low temperatures

— Gasworks coke: produced in gasworks.

Lignite coke

Lignite coke is the solid residue obtained by dry distillation of lignite in the absence of air.

Coke breeze:

This comprises coke fines resulting from degradation.

Petroleum coke:

Petroleum coke is defined as a black solid residue, obtained mainly by cracking and coking of heavy gasoil, residual fuel oil, pitches and tar. Petroleum coke consists mainly of carbon (90 to 95 %) and is burnt without ash remains.

3. Geographical coverage

— Belgium

— Denmark (excludes Faeroes and Greenland)

— Germany

— Greece

— Spain (includes the Canary Islands)

— France (Monaco and overseas departments and territories excluded)

— Ireland

— Italy (excludes San Marino)

— Luxembourg

— Netherlands (excludes Netherlands Antilles)

— Austria

— Portugal (includes the Azores and Madeira)

— Finland

— Sweden

— United Kingdom (excludes the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man).

4. Instructions for completing the tables:

First part (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)

TABLE 1: SUPPLY AND TRANSFORMATION SECTOR

1. Production

— Primary Products (hard coal, lignite) — Production (including production of small or opencast mines) is defined as net pithead production, i.e. after removal of waste from the gross output (coal brought to the surface) by means of screening and washing. As a general rule, it includes the production of low-grade products (dust, middlings), but not recovered products.

— Derived products (hard coal coke, patent fuel, lignite coke, lignite briquettes) — Reports the quantities of manufactured fuels. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production cycle.

2. Of which underground

Reports the quantity of underground production.

3. Recovered products

Comprise slurries and waste-heap shale recovered by mines.

4./5. Imports and exports

Imports and exports represent all fuels entering and leaving the national territory excluding transit quantities.

Direct imports by mines are included in the total imports.

Re-exported fuels are included in the exports.

6. Bunkers

Reports the quantities of fuels delivered to seagoing ships of all flags.

7. Stock changes

Stock change is the difference between the quantities stocked at the end and beginning of the period in question, taking stock adjustments into account. Stocks are the quantities held by producers, and importers and also the consumers.

8. Gross inland consumption (calculated)

Defined as: production + recovered products + imports − exports − (international marine) bunkers + stock changes.

9. Transformation sector consumption

Reports the quantities consumed for transformation of primary products into derived energy products.

TABLE 2: ENERGY SECTOR AND FINAL CONSUMPTION

1. Energy sector consumption

Reports fuels consumed by the energy industry to support extraction or transformation activity.

2. Total final consumption

Total of non-energy use and final energy consumption.

3. Non-energy use

Reports energy products used as raw materials in the different sectors, that is, not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel.

4. Final energy consumption

Total consumption of industry, transport, services, households, etc.

5. Industry

Reports fuels consumed by industrial undertakings in support of their primary activities.

1. Iron and steel: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 27.51, and 27.52

2. Chemical and petro-chemical industry: NACE Rev. 1 division 24

3. Non-ferrous metal industries: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 27.4, 27.53 and 27.54

4. Non-metallic mineral products: NACE Rev. 1 division 26

5. Machinery: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34 and 35

6. Mining (excluding energy production industries) and quarrying: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 13 and 14

7. Food processing, beverages and tobacco: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 15 and 16

8. Pulp, paper and printing: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 21 and 22

9. Textile and leather: NACE Rev. 1 divisions 17, 18 and 19

10. Not elsewhere specified

6. Transport

Reports fuels used in all transport activities irrespective of the economic sector in which the activity occurs. (NACE Rev. 1 divisions 60, 61 and 62)

— Rail: Reports all consumption for use in rail traffic, including industrial railways.

7. Commercial and public services, households, etc.

1. Commercial and public services: Reports fuels consumed by commercial business and offices in the public and private sectors.

2. Households: Reports fuels consumed by all households.

3. Agriculture: Reports fuels consumed by users classified as ‘agriculture, hunting and forestry’ (NACE Rev. 1 divisions 01, 02, and 05).

4. Not elsewhere specified: Reports consumption not included elsewhere (please specify). This category includes military use.

TABLE 3 AND TABLE 4: IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

Amounts are considered as imported or exported when they have crossed the political boundaries of the country.

TABLE 5: NET AVERAGE CALORIFIC VALUE

Please report net calorific value (NCV).

Second part (Tables A E1, A E2, A E3, and A E4)

TABLE A E1: SUPPLY OF HARD COAL, LIGNITE AND COKE, MINING ACTIVITY

1. Production

The production (including production of small or open-cast mines) is defined as net pithead production, i.e. after removal of the waste from the gross output (coal brought to the surface) by means of screening and washing. As a general rule, it includes the production of low-grade products (dust, middlings), but not recovered products.

2. Recovered products

Comprise slurries and waste-heap shale recovered by mines.

3./4. Total imports and total exports

Imports and exports represent all fuels entering and leaving the national territory excluding transit quantities.

Direct imports by mines are included in total imports. Re-exported fuels are included in the exports.

5. Stock changes

Stock change is the difference between the quantities stocked at the end and beginning of the period in question, taking stock adjustments into account.

Stocks are the quantities held by producers and importers. Consumer stocks should not be reported under this rubric, except stocks held by consumers who import directly.

6. Inland deliveries (calculated)

Production + recovered products + imports − exports + stock changes.

Inland deliveries correspond to calculated deliveries to the market.

7. Internal market deliveries (observed)

Covers deliveries to the internal market and is equal to the total deliveries to the different types of consumers. A difference may occur between the calculated and observed deliveries.

8. Producers' own consumption

Covers producer's internal use, (consumption of pithead power stations, pithead coking plants, pithead patent fuel/briquette plants and colliery coal supplied to workers are excluded).

9. Deliveries to public power stations

Covers the deliveries of fuel to public power stations. Public power stations generate electricity for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.

Public power station includes only electricity production plants and combined heat and power plants.

10. Deliveries to pithead power stations

Covers deliveries of fuel to pithead power stations.

11. Deliveries to coking plants

Covers deliveries for transformation to coking plants (pithead, iron and steel industry and independent).

12. Deliveries to patent fuel/briquette plants

Covers deliveries for transformation to patent fuel/briquette plants (pithead and independent).

13. Deliveries to industry (without iron and steel industry)

Covers deliveries to all industry, except the iron and steel industry.

14. Deliveries to iron and steel industry

Covers deliveries of fuel to the iron and steel industry (NACE Rev. 1 divisions 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 27.51, 27.52).

15. Deliveries to others

Covers deliveries of fuel to households (including colliery coal supplied to workers in mines and associated plants) and services (administrations, shops, etc.) and sectors not elsewhere specified (district heating, transport, etc.).

16. Stocks end period

Stocks are the quantities held by producers and importers.

1. Personnel employed underground (in thousands) This refers to workers (including those sub-contracted) directly engaged in mining activity. Where a worker spends time both underground and on the surface, account is taken of where he spends most time.

2. ‘Net output’ for underground output calculation (in thousand metric tonnes) ‘Net output’ is gross output minus hand-picked dirt and washery refuse. It includes the output of dust, middlings and slurry. For the purposes of the productivity calculation, the quantities of hard coal mined in small (licensed) mines and opencast workings, recovered from tips and produced during capital working are excluded.

3. Underground output per man-hour (in kg per man-hour) ‘Underground output per man and hour’ i.e. productivity will be calculated as follows: Underground productivity covers only coal mining in the strict sense; output and shifts coming under the following headings are therefore excluded: small mines, opencast mining, coal recovered from tips, capital working (harmonized concept).

TABLE A E2: SUPPLIES OF COKE AND PATENT FUELS

— Production

Reports the quantities of manufactured fuels. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production cycle.

— Imports and exports

Imports and exports represent all fuels entering and leaving the national territory excluding transit quantities. Re-exported fuels are included in the exports.

— Stock changes

This is the difference between stocks held at the end and the beginning of the period in question, taking stock adjustments into account.

Stocks are quantities held in coking plants (coke) and patent fuel plants (patent fuels) as well as the importers; consumers' stocks should not be reported under this rubric, except stocks held by consumers who import directly.

— Inland deliveries (calculated)

Production + imports − exports + stock changes.

— Deliveries to the internal market (observed)

Covers deliveries to the internal market and is equal to the sum of deliveries to all kinds of consumers. A difference may exist between calculated and observed deliveries.

— Deliveries to industry (without iron and steel industry)

Covers deliveries of fuel to all industries except the iron and steel industry.

— Deliveries to industry

Covers deliveries of fuel to the iron and steel industry (NACE Rev. 1 Divisions 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 27.51, 27.52).

— Stocks end period

Stocks are the quantities held by coking plants, patent fuel plants and importers.

TABLE A E3: SUPPLIES TO COKING PLANTS

The questionnaire must be completed for all the coking plants (operated by mines, steelworks or run independently).

— Total supplies:

Covers supplies from producers (indigenous origin) or importers but also those obtained through trading. Country of origin is taken as meaning the country where the fuels were actually produced.

TABLE A E4: SUPPLIES TO PUBLIC POWER STATIONS

Covers supplies from producers (indigenous origin) or importers but also those obtained through trading. Country of origin is taken as meaning the country where the fuels were actually produced.

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table 1

Supply and transformation sector

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table 2

Energy sector and final consumption

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table 3

Imports by origin

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table 4

Exports by destination

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table 5

Average net calorific value (NCV)

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table A E1

Supply of hard coal, lignite and peat

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table A E2

Supply of coke and patent fuels

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table A E3

Supplies to coking plants

ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table A E4

Supplies to public power stations

MONTHLY QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

1. Deadline

The deadline is three months after the month concerned.

If there are revisions to periods other than the month concerned, they must be shown on separate questionnaire(s).

2. Transmission

The questionnaire is to be teletransmitted.

Administrations which do not have teletransmission should send it by post.

3. Address

E-mail address: Pierluigi.CANEGALLO@eurostat.cec.be

Postal address:

European Commission

Statistical Office of the European Communities

for the attention of Head of Unit

‘Energy and Raw Materials’

Bâtiment Jean Monnet

rue Alcide de Gasperi

L-2920 Luxembourg

4. Questionnaire's content

Tables M E1, M E2, M E3

MONTHLY QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

1. Units

All figures are given in 1 000 metric tonnes, unless specified otherwise.

2. Product definitions

Hard coal

Black, combustible, solid, organic, fossil sediment with a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg in ash-free condition with the moisture content obtained at a temperature of 30° C and a relative air humidity of 96 %.

‘Lignito negro’, produced in Spain, is also regarded as hard coal.

Lignite

Combustible, brown to black, organic fossil sediment with a gross calorific value lower than 24 MJ/kg in ash-free condition with the moisture content obtained at a temperature of 30° C and a relative air humidity of 96 %.

Distinction is made between the following types:

— Black lignite — which has a moisture content of 20 to 25 % and an ash content of 9 to 13 %. Black lignite was formed in the secondary era. Within the Union, it is now produced only by France from deep mining in Provence.

— Brown coal — which has a moisture content of 40 to 70 % and an ash content normally between 2 and 6 %; the latter, however, may be as high as 12 % depending on the deposit. Brown coal was mainly formed in the tertiary era. This fuel is mostly mined in opencast workings.

Peat

Soft, loose to compressed, natural, combustible fossil sediment of vegetable origin with a high moisture content (up to 90 %), light to dark brown in colour.

Patent fuel

Patent fuels of hard coal are artefacts of specified shape produced by hot milling under pressure, with the addition of binding material (pitch).

Lignite briquettes (briquettes, dried lignite)

Lignite briquettes are artefacts of even shape produced after crushing and drying of lignite, moulded under high pressure without the addition of binders. This includes dried lignite and lignite breeze.

Coke derived from hard coal

Coke derived from hard coal is an artificial solid fuel obtained by dry distillation of the coal in the total or partial absence of air. Distinction is made, according to the method of manufacture, between:

— Hard coke: obtained by carbonization at high temperatures

— Semi-coke: obtained by carbonization at low temperatures

— Gasworks coke: produced in gasworks.

Lignite coke

Lignite coke is the solid residue obtained by dry distillation of lignite in the absence of air.

3. Geographical coverage

— Belgium

— Denmark (excludes Faeroes and Greenland)

— Germany

— Greece

— Spain (includes the Canary Islands)

— France ( Monaco and overseas departments and territories excluded)

— Ireland

— Italy (excludes San Marino)

— Luxembourg

— Netherlands (excludes Netherlands Antilles)

— Austria

— Portugal (includes the Azores and Madeira)

— Finland

— Sweden

— United Kingdom (excludes the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man)

4. Reporting instructions

TABLE M E1: SUPPLY OF HARD COAL AND LIGNITE AND PEAT

— Production:

Production (including production of small or opencast mines) is defined as net pithead production, i.e. after removal of waste from the gross output (coal brought to the surface) by means of screening and washing. As a general rule, it includes the production of low-grade products (dust, middlings), but not recovered products.

— Recovered products

Comprise slurries and waste-heap shale recovered by mines.

— Total imports and total exports

Imports and exports represent all fuels entering and leaving the national territory excluding transit quantities.

Direct imports by mines are included in the total imports. Re-exported fuels are included in the exports.

— Stock changes

Stock change is the difference between the quantities stocked at the end and beginning of the period in question, taking stock adjustments into account.

Stocks are the quantities held by mines and importers. Consumer stocks (e.g. those held in power stations and coking plants) should not be reported under this rubric, except stocks held by consumers who import directly.

— Inland deliveries (calculated)

Production + recovered products + imports − exports + stock changes

Inland deliveries correspond to calculated deliveries on the market.

— Internal market deliveries (observed)

Covers deliveries to the internal market and is equal to the total of the deliveries to the different types of consumers. A difference may occur between the calculated and observed deliveries.

— Producer's own use

Covers internal use in production units (except consumption in pit-head power stations, pit-head patent fuel plants, pit-head coke oven plants and deliveries to colliery staff).

— Deliveries to public power stations

Covers the deliveries of fuel to public power stations. Public power stations generate electricity for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.

Public power stations includes only electricity production plants and combined heat and power plants.

— Deliveries to pithead power stations

Covers deliveries of fuel to pithead power stations.

— Deliveries to coking plants

Covers deliveries for transformation to coke-oven plants (pithead, iron and steel industry and independent).

— Deliveries to patent fuels plants

Covers deliveries for transformation to patent fuels plants (pithead and independent).

— Deliveries to industry (without iron and steel industry)

Covers deliveries to all industry, except the iron and steel industry. Deliveries to industry for electricity production for own use are covered under this heading.

— Deliveries to iron and steel industry

Covers deliveries of fuel to the iron & steel industry (NACE Rev. 1 divisions 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 27.51, 27.52).

— Deliveries to others

Covers deliveries of fuel to households (including colliery coal supplied to workers in mines and associated plants) and services (administrations, shops, etc.) and also to sectors not elsewhere specified (district heating, transport, etc.).

— Stocks end period

Stocks are the quantities held by mines and importers and coke-oven plants.

TABLE M E2: SUPPLY OF COKE AND PATENT FUELS

— Production

Reports the quantities of manufactured fuels. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the production cycle.

— Imports and exports

Imports and exports represent all fuels entering and leaving the national territory excluding transit quantities.

Re-exported fuels are included in the exports.

— Stock changes

This is the difference between stocks held at the end and the beginning of the period in question, taking stock adjustments into account.

Stocks are quantities held in coking plants (coke) and patent fuel plants (patent fuels) as well as at the importers; consumers' stocks should not be reported under this rubric, excepted stocks held by consumers which directly import.

— Inland deliveries (calculated)

Production + imports − exports + stock changes

— Deliveries to the internal market (observed)

Covers deliveries to the internal market and is equal to the sum of deliveries to all kinds of consumers. A difference may exist between calculated and observed deliveries.

— Deliveries to industry (without iron and steel industry)

Covers deliveries to all industry, except the iron and steel industry.

— Deliveries to iron and steel industry

Covers deliveries of fuel to the iron and steel industry (NACE Rev. 1 divisions 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 27.51, 27.52).

— Deliveries to public and commercial services, households, etc.

Covers deliveries of fuel to households (including coke and patent fuels supplied to workers in mines and associated plants) and services (administrations, shops, etc.)

— Stocks end period

Stocks are the quantities held by coking plants, patent fuel plants and importers.

TABLE M E3: IMPORTS

Imports represent all entries into the national territory excluding transit quantities.

Country of origin is taken as meaning the country where the fuels were actually produced.

When the origin is not in the list of countries or unknown, report under ‘others’.

MONTHLY QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table M E1

Supply of hard coal, lignite and peat

MONTHLY QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table M E2

Supply of coke and patent fuels

MONTHLY QUESTIONNAIRE

SOLID FUELS

Table M E3

Imports

QUESTIONNAIRE

EMPLOYMENT IN THE COAL MINING INDUSTRY (ECSC)

1. Date of dispatch

The deadline is 45 days following the end of the reference quarter for the quarterly questionnaires C-1 and C-2.

The deadline is three months following the reference year for the annual questionnaire C-3.

If the figures for any period other than the month in question are revised, the revisions should be sent on one or more separate questionnaires.

2. Transmission

The questionnaire is to be sent by teletransmission.

Authorities which do not have the necessary software should send the questionnaire by post.

3. Address

For e-mail: Pierluigi.CANAGALLO@eurostat.cec.be

Postal address:

European Commission

Statistical Office of the European Communities,

For the attention of the

Head of the ‘Energy and Raw Materials’ Unit,

Bâtiment Jean Monnet,

rue Alcide de Gasperi,

L-2920 Luxembourg.

4. The questionnaire comprises

Tables C-1, C-2 and C-3.

NOTES

1. Scope

The survey covers all coal mines, but does not include mines classified as small-scale mines in the country concerned (‘Kleinzechen’ in the Saar area of Germany, licensed mines in the United Kingdom) and opencast mines.

The survey covers all workers in both underground and surface areas (including ancillary services) and in supporting and administrative services (‘other services’).

1.1. Underground workers include all persons directly engaged in work underground. Persons who work both above and below ground should be classified according to the place where they are principally engaged.

1.2. Surface workers include all those working above ground in a mining installation (including ancillary services) or in ‘other services’.

2. Definition of working areas

The following definitions of the working areas apply:

A. Mining installation, including ancillary services (mine) 1. Mining installation (underground) 2. Mining installation (surface) 3. Ancillary services: Ancillary services are defined as those undertakings providing direct services for the mining installations both underground and on the surface.

B. Other services 1. Coking plants, including coal valuables plants 2. Briquette factories 3. Brickworks 4. Power stations, provided that they produce energy mainly for consumers outside the mine 5. Workshops providing services for several undertakings (central workshops) 6. Facilities for transporting prepared coal to central depots or ports 7. Railway, port and shipping services 8. Administrative services involving mainly general office work, e.g. scientific workers (including laboratory staff), technicians, clerical staff (accounts, sales, etc.) administrative staff (e.g. personnel department), office staff (senior clerical officers, time-study staff, secretaries) and computer operators 9. Social facilities (e.g. kitchens, canteens, etc.), medical services, sport and recreation facilities 10. Housing.

3. Structure of employment

Total employment includes all employees on the company's books (employment register) as full-time or part-time workers. The term covers manual grades, non-manual grades and apprentices.

Workers from outside companies employed by the mines are not included.

Distinction between manual and non-manual workers

The distinction between manual and non-manual workers is usually made on the basis of the nature of their principal duties.

Manual workers are employees engaged principally in manual work whose wages are normally calculated on piece rates or hourly or daily rates. Employees who are paid on a monthly basis should also be included under manual workers if the work they do is of an essentially manual nature.

Non-manual workers are employees who are not in the main engaged in manual work and who are paid a monthly salary. This category also includes employees who are paid an hourly or daily rate or on a piecework basis, but whose main duties are not of a manual nature. Non-manual workers include: management, scientific, technical and sales personnel and other administrative staff.

The characteristics of the main duties which distinguish manual workers from non-manual workers have become rather blurred as a result of technical developments. However, they still apply for the purposes of the rules on collective agreements, social insurance and other rules which distinguish the two types of workers. Certain differences do exist, however, between the various mining countries in the Community.

Apprentices and trainees

This category covers persons who are employed under a specific training programme and who are paid at a special rate for trainees (workers with a training contract).

Supervisory personnel

This category includes those responsible for ensuring that workers carry out their duties properly and professionally and that the most important orders, provisions, regulations and instructions of the mines inspectorate and the individual mine concerned are observed.

NOTES

1. For scope of survey and general definitions, see questionnaire C-1.

2. Changes in employment Changes in employment include only actual entries to and departures from coal mining, but not movements within the industry. Entrants are all workers taking up employment in the coal-mining industry during the reporting period. Leavers are all persons who leave the coal-mining industry during the reporting period. Departures are broken down according to the most important social policy factors. 2.1. Dismissals and redundancies Dismissals and redundancies are terminations of the contract of employment within the set period by the employer. This category includes only cases where the worker definitively leaves the labour market. 2.1.1. Redundancies on economic grounds Economic grounds for redundancies are sales difficulties, partial closure of the works and structural reorganization. Redundancies to enable an employee to receive an early pension should not be included here, but under ‘early retirement’. 2.2. Resignation This category includes departures as a result of resignation within the set period of the contract and breach of contract. Resignations handed in expressly to facilitate substitution of a revised contract are not to be included. 2.3. Retirement Retirement gives an employee leaving a firm the right to a pension or a similar State benefit. Generally speaking, retirement constitutes the final cessation of gainful employment, the person concerned having reached the normal age of retirement or the age for early retirement or retiring on grounds of invalidity. 2.3.1. Early retirement on economic grounds With this form of retirement, the employee leaves the company before reaching retirement age and without becoming unfit for work, a continuation of employment being ruled out either on economic grounds or because of structural reorganization. The employee concerned thereby has a right to a pension or transitional compensation. 2.3.2. Invalidity This covers departures on the grounds of being unfit for employment or other gainful activity whereby the employee has a right to a pension. 2.4. Death 2.5. Other grounds This covers departures on the grounds of being unfit for work in mining, military or civilian services and other departures (expiry of fixed-term contracts, such as for those on practical training courses, working students; dismissal/resignation without notice; cases where the employment relationship is terminated without the prescribed period of notice by agreement between management and worker; persons going to colleges and courses, if they cease to be employed for the duration of their absence).

NOTES

1. For scope of survey and general definitions, see questionnaire C-1.