2009L0144 — EN — 01.07.2013 — 004.001

This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents

►B DIRECTIVE 2009/144/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 November 2009 on certain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (codified version) (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 027, 30.1.2010, p.33)

Amended by:









▼B

DIRECTIVE 2009/144/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 30 November 2009

on certain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors

(codified version)

(Text with EEA relevance)







THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 95 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ( 1 ), Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty ( 2 ), Whereas: (1) Council Directive 89/173/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors ( 3 ) has been substantially amended several times ( 4 ). In the interests of clarity and rationality, the said Directive should be codified. (2) Directive 89/173/EEC is one of the separate Directives of the EC type-approval system provided for in Council Directive 74/150/EEC, as replaced by Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units ( 5 ), and lays down technical prescriptions concerning the design and construction of agricultural or forestry tractors as regards certain components and characteristics. Those technical prescriptions concern the approximation of the laws of the Member States to enable the EC type-approval procedure provided for in Directive 2003/37/EC to be applied in respect of each type of tractor. Consequently, the provisions laid down in Directive 2003/37/EC relating to agricultural and forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units, apply to this Directive. (3) The technical requirements which tractors must fulfil in pursuance of national laws concern, inter alia, their dimensions and masses, speed governors, the protection of their drive components, projections and wheels, brake control for towed vehicles, windscreens and other glazing, the mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle and the location and method of affixing statutory plates and markings to the body of the tractor. (4) It is desirable to take into account the technical requirements adopted by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in its corresponding regulations annexed to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to and/or used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions ( 6 ). (5) This Directive is without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law and application of the Directives set out in Annex VII, Part B, Whereas: HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:







▼M2

Article 1

1. For the purposes of this Directive, ‘tractor’ means a tractor as defined in Article 2(j) of Directive 2003/37/EC.

2. For the purposes of this Directive, the tractor categories defined in Annex II to Directive 2003/37/EC shall apply.

3. This Directive shall apply to tractor categories T1, T2, T3 and T4.

▼B

Article 2

1. With respect to tractors which comply with the requirements laid down in this Directive, Member States shall not, on grounds relating to the subject-matter of this Directive:

(a) refuse to grant EC type-approval or to grant national type-approval;

(b) refuse the registration or prohibit the sale, entry into service or use of such a tractor.

By way of derogation from the provisions of the first subparagraph relating to the use of the tractor, Member States may, for reasons concerning towable mass(es), continue to apply their national provisions reflecting in particular the special requirements relating to the nature of the land relief on their territory, within the limits of the towable masses listed in point 2.2 of Annex I in so far as this does not involve alterations to the tractor or a further supplementary national type-approval.

2. With respect to tractors which do not comply with the requirements laid down in this Directive, and on grounds relating to the subject-matter of this Directive, Member States:

(a) shall not grant EC type-approval;

(b) may refuse to grant national type-approval.

3. With respect to new tractors which do not comply with the requirements laid down in this Directive, and on grounds relating to the subject-matter of this Directive, Member States:

(a) shall consider certificates of conformity which accompany new tractors in accordance with the provisions of Directive 2003/37/EC to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 7(1) of that Directive;

(b) may refuse the registration, sale or entry into service of those new tractors.

Article 3

1. Each Member State shall grant EC component type-approval for any type of windscreen or other glass pane and/or of mechanical coupling which satisfies the construction and testing requirements laid down in Annexes III and/or IV.

2. The Member State which has granted EC component type-approval shall take the measures required in order to verify, in so far as is necessary and if need be in cooperation with the competent authorities in the other Member States, that production models conform to the approved type. Such verification shall be limited to spot checks.

Article 4

Member States shall, for each type of windscreen or other glass pane or of mechanical coupling which they approve pursuant to Article 3, issue to the manufacturer of the tractor, windscreen or mechanical coupling, or to his authorised representative, an EC component type-approval mark conforming to the examples shown in Annex III or Annex IV.

Member States shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the use of marks liable to create confusion between the type of equipment which has been granted EC component type-approval pursuant to Article 3 and equipment of other types.

Article 5

No Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of windscreens and other glass panes or mechanical couplings on grounds relating to their construction if they bear the EC component type-approval mark.

Nevertheless, a Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of windscreens and other glass panes or mechanical couplings bearing the EC component type-approval mark which do not conform to the approved type.

That Member State shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the Commission of the measures taken, specifying the reasons for its decision.

Article 6

The competent authorities of each Member State shall, within one month, send to the competent authorities of the other Member States a copy of the component type-approval certificates, models of which are shown in Annex III or Annex IV, completed for each type of windscreen and other glass pane or mechanical coupling which they approve or refuse to approve.

Article 7

1. If the Member State which has granted EC component type-approval finds that a number of windscreens and other glass panes or mechanical couplings bearing the same EC component type-approval mark do not conform to the type which it has approved, it shall take the necessary measures to ensure that production models conform to the approved type.

The competent authorities of that Member State shall advise those of the other Member States of the measures taken, which may if necessary extend, where there is a serious and repeated failure to conform, to withdrawal of the EC component type-approval.

Those authorities shall take the same measures if they are informed by the competent authorities of another Member State of such failure to conform.

2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall inform each other within one month of any withdrawal of EC component type-approval and of the reasons for such a measure.

Article 8

Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted in implementation of this Directive to refuse or withdraw EC component type-approval for a windscreen or mechanical coupling, or to prohibit their placing on the market or use, shall set out in detail the reasons on which it is based.

Such decisions shall be notified to the party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the remedies available to him under the laws in force in the Member States and of the time-limits allowed for the exercise of such remedies.

Article 9

The amendments necessary to adapt to technical progress the requirements of Annexes I to VI shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 20(3) of Directive 2003/37/EC.

Article 10

Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

Article 11

Directive 89/173/EEC, as amended by the acts listed in Annex VII, Part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law and application of the Directives set out in Annex VII, Part B.

References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex VIII.

Article 12

This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from 1 June 2010.

Article 13

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.









LIST OF ANNEXES







ANNEX I: Dimensions and towable masses Appendix: Annex to the EC type-approval certificate ANNEX II: ►M1 Speed governor and protection of drive components, projections and wheels, additional safety requirements for special applications, operator’s manual ◄ Appendix: Annex to the EC type-approval certificate ANNEX III A: Windscreen and other glazing — Equipment requirements, definitions, application for component type-approval, component type-approval, markings, general specifications, tests and conformity of production Appendix: Examples of component type-approval marks ANNEX III B: Communication on EC component type-approval, refusal of EC component type-approval, extension of EC component type-approval and withdrawal of component type-approval Appendix 1: Toughened-glass windscreens Appendix 2: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens Appendix 3: Laminated-glass windscreens Appendix 4: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens Appendix 5: Glass-plastic windscreens Appendix 6: Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens Appendix 7: Double-glazed units Appendix 8: Contents of the list of windscreens ANNEX III C: General test conditions ANNEX III D: Toughened-glass windscreens ANNEX III E: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens ANNEX III F: Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens ANNEX III G: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens ANNEX III H: Treated laminated-glass windscreens ANNEX III I: Safety-glass panes faced with plastic material on the inside ANNEX III J: Glass-plastic windscreens ANNEX III K: Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens ANNEX III L: Double-glazed units ANNEX III M: Grouping of windscreens for component type-approval testing ANNEX III N: Measurement of the heights of segment and position of the points of impact ANNEX III O: Checks on conformity of production ANNEX III P: Annex to the EC type-approval certificate ANNEX IV: Mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle and the vertical load on the coupling point Appendix 1: Drawings of mechanical coupling components Appendix 2: Dynamic test method Appendix 3: Coupling device static test method Appendix 4: Component type-approval mark Appendix 5: Model EC component type-approval certificate Appendix 6: Conditions for granting EC type-approval Appendix 7: Annex to the EC type-approval certificate ANNEX V: Location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions on the body of the tractor Appendix: Annex to the EC type-approval certificate ANNEX VI: Brake control of towed vehicles and brake coupling between the tractor and towed vehicles Appendix: Annex to the EC type-approval certificate ANNEX VII: Part A: Repealed Directive with list of its successive amendments Part B: List of time-limits for transposition into national law and application ANNEX VIII: Correlation Table









ANNEX I

Dimensions and towable masses

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1. ‘Length’ means: — the length of the tractor measured between the vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing the outermost points thereof, but excluding: — — all mirrors, — all starting handles, — all front or lateral position (side) lamps.

1.2. ‘Width’ means: — the width of the tractor measured between the vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing through the outermost points thereof, but excluding: — — any mirrors, — any direction indicators, — any front, lateral or rear position (side) lamps; any parking lamps, — any distortion of the tyres caused by the weight of the tractor, — any folding components such as lift-up footrests and flexible mud-flaps.

1.3. ‘Height’ means: — the vertical distance between the ground and the point on the tractor the greatest distance from the ground, excluding the aerial. When this height is determined, the tractor must be fitted with new tyres having the greatest rolling radius specified by their manufacturer.

1.4. ‘Permissible towable mass’ means: — the mass which a type of tractor may tow. It may, for example, consist of one or more trailers towed or agricultural or forestry implements. A distinction is drawn between the technically permissible towable mass stated by the manufacturer and the authorised towable mass as laid down in point 2.2 below.

1.5. ‘Towing device’ means: a component on the tractor designed to provide a mechanical link between a tractor and towed vehicle.

1.6. ‘Unladen mass of tractor in running order (mt)’ means: the mass defined in point 2.1.1 of Annex I to Directive 2003/37/EC.

1.7. ‘Technically permissable towable mass(es)’ means: — unbraked towable mass, — independently braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.12 of Annex I to Council Directive 76/432/EEC ( 7 )), — inertia braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.14 of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC), — towable mass fitted with hydraulic or pneumatic braking: such braking may be of the continuous, semi-continuous or independent power-operated type (as defined in points 1.9, 1.10 and 1.11, respectively, of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC).

2. REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Dimensions

The maximum dimensions of a tractor are as follows:

2.1.1. length: 12 m;

2.1.2. width: 2,55 m (ignoring any bulging of the part of the tyres that is in contact with the ground);

2.1.3. height: 4 m.

2.1.4. The measurements intended to check these dimensions are carried out as follows: — with the tractor unladen and in running order as indicated in point 1.6, — on a flat horizontal surface, — with the tractor stationary and the engine switched off, — with the new tyres at the normal pressure recommended by the manufacturer, — with doors and windows closed, — with the steering wheel in the straight-ahead position, — without any agricultural or forestry implement attached to the tractor.

2.2. Permissible towable mass

2.2.1. The permissible towable mass must not exceed: 2.2.1.1. the technically permissible towable mass as defined in point 1.7, recommended by the tractor manufacturer; 2.2.1.2. the towable mass laid down for the towing device pursuant to the EC component type-approval.

2.2.2. Where a Member State applies Article 2(2), towable mass(es) must be specified on the tractor's registration certificate.









Appendix

MODEL

Name of administration

ANNEX TO THE EC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE FOR A TYPE OF TRACTOR WITH REGARD TO DIMENSIONS AND TOWABLE MASSES

(Article 4(2) of Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units)

EC type-approval No: …

1. Component(s) or characteristic(s): 1.1. Dimensions: 1.1.1. length: … m 1.1.2. width: … m 1.1.3. height: … m 1.2. Towable masses: 1.2.1. unbraked towable mass: … kg 1.2.2. independently braked towable mass: … kg 1.2.3. inertia-braked towable mass: … kg 1.2.4. towable mass fitted with an assisted braking system (hydraulic or pneumatic): … kg

2. Make of tractor or business name of manufacturer: …

3. Type and where appropriate commercial name of tractor: …

4. Manufacturer's name and address: … …

5. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's authorised representative: … …

6. Date of submission of tractor for EC type-approval: …

7. Technical service conducting the type-approval tests: … …

8. Date of report issued by that service: …

9. Number of report issued by that service: …

10. EC type-approval for dimensions and towable masses is granted/refused ( 8 ):

11. Place: …

12. Date: …

13. Signature: …

14. The following documents, bearing the EC type-approval number indicated above, are attached to this certificate: … dimensioned drawings; … drawing or photograph of the tractor. The data must be supplied to the competent authorities of the other Member States if they so request.

15. Remarks: … …









ANNEX II

►M1 Speed governor and protection of drive components, projections and wheels, additional safety requirements for special applications, operator’s manual ◄

1. SPEED GOVERNOR

1.1. If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it must be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies with Directive 2009/60/EC ( 9 ) on maximum design speed.

2. PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS

2.1. General

2.1.1. Drive components, projections and wheels on tractors must be designed, fitted and protected in such a way as to prevent accidents to persons under normal conditions of use.

2.1.2. The requirements of point 2.1.1 are regarded as being fulfilled if the requirements set out in point 2.3 have been complied with. Solutions other than those described in point 2.3 are authorised if the manufacturer provides proof that they are at least equivalent to the requirements of point 2.3.

2.1.3. Protective devices must be firmly attached to the tractor. ‘Firmly attached’ means that removal of such devices should be possible only with the aid of tools.

2.1.4. Cowls, lids and hoods which could cause injury if they are slammed shut must be made in such a way as to preclude their shutting accidentally (e.g. by means of safety devices or suitable mounting or design).

2.1.5. A single protective device may protect a number of dangerous points. However, if adjustment, maintenance or interference suppression devices — which can be actuated only when the engine is running — are fitted beneath a single protective device, then further protective devices must be fitted.

2.1.6. Securing devices (e.g. spring clips or flaps) — to secure quick-release mounting components (e.g. socket pins), — and such components of — protective devices which open without the aid of tools (e.g. engine cowl) must be firmly attached either to the tractor mounting or to the protective device.

2.2. Definitions

2.2.1. ‘Protective device’ means a device intended to protect dangerous parts. Within the meaning of this Directive, protective devices include shields, covers or guards. 2.2.1.1. ‘Shield’ means a protective device located immediately in front of a dangerous part and which, either on its own or with other parts of the machine, protects on all sides against contact with the dangerous part. 2.2.1.2. ‘Hood or cowl’ means a protective device located in front of the dangerous part and which protects against contact with the dangerous part on the covered side. 2.2.1.3. ‘Guard’ means a protective device which, by means of a rail, grille or similar device, provides the necessary safety distance preventing contact with the dangerous part.

2.2.2. ‘Dangerous part’ means any point which, owing to the arrangements or design of the fixed or movable part of a tractor, involves a risk of injury. The dangerous parts are, in particular, pinching, shearing, cutting, piercing, penetrating, snatching, entry and attack points. 2.2.2.1. ‘Pinching point’ means any dangerous point where parts move in relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched. 2.2.2.2. ‘Shear point’ means any dangerous point where parts move along each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn. 2.2.2.3. ‘Cutting, piercing or penetration point’ means any dangerous point where parts, either moving or fixed, sharp-edged, pointed or blunt, may injure persons or certain parts of their bodies. 2.2.2.4. ‘Snatching point’ means any dangerous point where sharp-edged projections, teeth, pins, screws and bolts, grease nipples, shafts, shaft ends and other parts move in such a way that persons, certain parts of their bodies or clothing may be snatched and pulled along. 2.2.2.5. ‘Entry or attack point’ means any dangerous point whose parts, by moving, narrow an aperture in which persons, certain parts of their bodies or clothes may be caught.

2.2.3. ‘Reach’ means the maximum distance which can be reached by persons or certain parts of their bodies upwards, downwards, inwards, above, around or across without the aid of any object (Figure 1).

2.2.4. ‘Safety distance’ means the distance corresponding to the reach or to the body dimension plus a safety margin (Figure 1).

2.2.5. ‘Control’ means any device whose direct actuation enables the state or operation of the tractor or of any equipment linked to it to be altered.

2.2.6. ‘Normal operation’ means the use of the tractor for the purpose intended by the manufacturer and by an operator familiar with the tractor characteristics and complying with the information for operation, service and safe practices, as specified by the manufacturer in the operator's manual and by signs on the tractor.

2.2.7. ‘Inadvertent contact’ means unplanned contact between a person and a hazard location resulting from the person's action during normal operation and service of the tractor.

2.3. Safety distances for avoiding contact with dangerous parts

2.3.1. The safety distance is measured from those points which may be reached to actuate, service and inspect the tractor, and also from ground level. ‘Servicing and inspecting the tractor’ solely means work normally carried out by the driver himself in accordance with the instructions for use. In determining the safety distances the basic principle is that the tractor is in the state for which it has been designed and that no means has been used in order to reach the dangerous part. Safety distances are set out in points 2.3.2.1 to 2.3.2.5. In certain specific areas or for certain specific component parts an appropriate safety level is provided if the tractor corresponds to the requirements set out in points 2.3.2.6 to 2.3.2.14.

2.3.2. Protection of dangerous points 2.3.2.1. Upwards The upward safety margin is 2 500 mm (see Figure 1) in the case of persons standing upright. Figure 1 2.3.2.2. Downwards, above The safety margin for reaching above a barrier is: a = from ground level up to the dangerous point; b = height of barrier or protective device; c = horizontal distance between dangerous point and barrier (see Figure 2). Figure 2 When reaching both downwards and above the safety distances set out in Table 1 must be maintained.



Table 1 (mm) a: Distance from ground of dangerous point Height between barrier and protective device b 2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 Horizontal distance c from dangerous point 2 400 — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 200 — 250 350 400 500 500 600 600 2 000 — — 350 500 600 700 900 1 100 1 800 — — — 600 900 900 1 000 1 100 1 600 — — — 500 900 900 1 000 1 300 1 400 — — — 100 800 900 1 000 1 300 1 200 — — — — 500 900 1 000 1 400 1 000 — — — — 300 900 1 000 1 400 800 — — — — — 600 900 1 300 600 — — — — — — 500 1 200 400 — — — — — — 300 1 200 200 — — — — — — 200 1 100 2.3.2.3. Reach around The safety margin shown in Table 2 below must, at the minimum, be maintained if the part of the body concerned is not to reach a dangerous point. In applying the safety margin it is assumed that the main body joint concerned is pushed firmly against the edge of the protective device. The safety margins are not considered to have been maintained until one is satisfied that part of the body may quite definitely not advance or penetrate further. Table 2



Part of the body Safety distance Figure Hand From the first knuckle to the fingertips ≥ 120 Hand From the wrist to the fingertips ≥ 230



Limb Safety distance Illustration Arm From the elbow to the fingertips ≥ 550 Arm From the shoulder to the fingertips ≥ 850 2.3.2.4. Penetration and reach across If penetration is possible into or across openings and up to dangerous parts, the minimum safety distances set out in Tables 3 and 4 must be maintained. Parts which move in relation to one another or moving parts set alongside fixed parts are not regarded as risk factors provided they are no more than 8 mm apart.



Table 3 Fingertip Finger Hand to ball of thumb Arm to armpit — 4 < a ≤ 8 8 < a ≤ 12 12 < a ≤ 20 20 < a ≤ 30 30 < a ≤ 135 maximum > 135 b ≥ 15 b ≥ 80 b ≥ 120 b ≥ 200 b ≥ 850 —



Table 4 Fingertip Finger Hand to thumb root Arm to armpit — 4 < a ≤ 8 8 < a ≤ 12 12 < a ≤ 25 25 < a ≤ 40 40 < a ≤ 250 maximum 250 b ≥ 15 b ≥ 80 b ≥ 120 b ≥ 200 b ≥ 850 — 2.3.2.5. Safety distances at pinching points A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the part of the body shown if the safety distances are not less than those set out in Table 5, and if it is ensured that the adjacent, wider part of the body cannot be introduced.



Table 5 Limb Body Leg Foot Arm Hand, joint, first Finger Safety distances 500 180 120 100 25 Illustration 2.3.2.6. Controls The gap between two pedals and the holes through which controls pass are not regarded as being pinching or shearing points. 2.3.2.7. Rear three-point coupling 2.3.2.7.1. Behind a plane passing through the median plane of the pivot points of the lifting rods in a three-point coupling system a minimum safety margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts for each point or of the lifting device's travel — but not for the extreme upper and lower positions 0,1 n, together with a distance of 25 mm or a minimum angle of 30° for the parts in shear which cause a change in angularity (see Figure 3). Travel n′, reduced by 0,1 n at both its upper and lower ends is defined as follows (see Figure 4). Where the lower links are directly activated by the lifting mechanism, the reference plane is determined by the median transverse vertical plane of those links. Figure 3 Legend: A = Lift arm B = Lower link C = Lift rod D = Tractor chassis E = Plane passing through the axes of the lift rod pivot points F = Clearance envelope Figure 4 2.3.2.7.2. For travel n of the hydraulic lifting unit, lower position A of the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in accordance with ISO Standard 730, Part 1, of December 1994 while upper position B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Travel n′ corresponds to travel n reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n, and constitutes the vertical distance between A′ and B′. 2.3.2.7.3. Moreover, within travel n′ a minimum safety margin of 25 mm in relation to the adjacent parts must be maintained around the profile of the lifting rods. 2.3.2.7.4. If, in the case of a three-point coupling, coupling devices are used which do not require the presence of an operator between the tractor and the implement carried (for example, in the case of a quick coupling), the provisions of point 2.3.2.7.3 do not apply. 2.3.2.7.5. The operating manual should contain specific information on the dangerous points located at the front of the plane defined in the first sentence of point 2.3.2.7.1. 2.3.2.8. Front three-point coupling 2.3.2.8.1. At each point of the lifting unit’s travel n — but not for the extreme upper and lower reaches 0,1 n — a minimum safety margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts together with a minimum angle of 30° or a safety margin of 25 mm in the case of the change of angularity caused by the parts in shear with each other. Travel n′ reduced by 0,1 n at both its upper and lower ends, is defined as follows (see also Figure 4). 2.3.2.8.2. For travel n of the hydraulic lifting unit, the extreme lower position A of the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in accordance with ISO Standard 8759, Part 2, of March 1998 while extreme upper position B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Travel n′ is reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n and the vertical distance between A′ and B′. 2.3.2.8.3. If, for the lower links of a front three-point coupling, coupling devices (such as a rapid-action coupling) are used which do not require the presence of a person between the tractor and the implement attached during coupling, the requirements under 2.3.2.8.1 do not apply within the reach of a radius of 250 mm from the points at which the lower links are coupled to the tractor. However, a minimum safety margin of 25 mm from neighbouring parts within the defined travel n′ must in any case be maintained around the outside of the travel rods/cylinders. 2.3.2.9. Driving seat and environment When he is in a sitting position, all pinching or shearing points must be out of range of the driver's hands or feet. This requirement is considered to have been met if the following conditions are fulfilled: 2.3.2.9.1. The driver's seat is at the mid-point in its longitudinal and vertical adjustment range. The driver's reach limit is divided into zones A and B. A central spherical point of these zones is 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat index point (see Figure 5). Zone A consists of a sphere having a diameter of 550 mm while zone B is located between that sphere and a sphere having a radius of 1 000 mm. Figure 5 2.3.2.9.2. A safety distance of 120 mm in zone A and 25 mm in zone B is maintained near the pinching and shearing points, whilst a minimum angle of 30° is maintained in the case of shearing parts causing a change in angularity. 2.3.2.9.3. In zone A, only the pinching and shearing points caused by parts set in motion by an outside energy source must be taken into account. 2.3.2.9.4. If a dangerous point is due to the presence of structural parts adjacent to the seat, a safety distance of a least 25 mm is maintained between that structural part and the seat. There is no dangerous point between the seat backrest and the adjacent structural parts located behind that backrest if the adjacent structural parts are smooth and the seat backrest itself is rounded in the surrounding area and has no sharp points. 2.3.2.10. Passenger seat (if any) 2.3.2.10.1. If parts may constitute a danger for the feet, provision must be made for protective devices within a hemispherical radius of 800 mm starting from the forward edge of the seat cushion and pointing downwards. 2.3.2.10.2. As described in point 2.3.2.9 (see Figure 6) the dangerous points in zones A and B must be protected within a sphere whose centre is 670 mm above the centre of the front edge of the passenger seat. Figure 6 2.3.2.11. ▼M2 Narrow-track tractors and tractors of category T4.3. 2.3.2.11.1. In the case of narrow-track tractors as defined in the second indent of Article 1 of Council Directive 87/402/EEC ( 10 ) and tractors of category T4.3 as defined in Annex II, Chapter B, Appendix 1, Part I, of Directive 2003/37/EC the requirements of point 2.3.2.9 shall not apply to the zone situated below a plane inclined at 45° to the rear and transverse to the direction of travel, and passing through a point located 230 mm behind the seat index point (see Figure 7). If there are any dangerous points in this zone, corresponding warnings must be affixed to the tractor. ▼B Figure 7 2.3.2.11.2. Sections II.1 and II.2 of Annex I to Council Directive 80/720/EEC ( 11 ) apply to access to the driver's seat. 2.3.2.11.3. Section I.6 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC applies to control devices. 2.3.2.11.4. In front of a reference plane which passes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and through the centre of the load-free pedal (clutch and/or service brake), very hot exhaust components must be protected if located within 300 mm in the upper zone (700 mm above ground level) and within 150 mm in the lower zone (see Figure 8). Laterally, the area to be protected is limited by the external outline of the tractor and the external outline of the exhaust system. Very hot exhaust system components passing beneath the entry step must be covered in their vertical projection or otherwise thermally protected. Figure 8 2.3.2.12. Layout and marking of flexible hydraulic hoses 2.3.2.12.1. Flexible hydraulic hoses must be arranged in such a way as to prevent mechanical and thermal damage. 2.3.2.12.2. Flexible hydraulic hoses must be clearly identifiable and indelibly marked with the following information: — the flexible hose manufacturer's mark, — manufacturing date (year and month of manufacture), — maximum permissible dynamic excess pressure in operation. 2.3.2.12.3. Flexible hydraulic hoses in the vicinity of the driver's or the passenger's seat must be arranged or protected in such a way that in the event of their failure there can be no danger to any person. 2.3.2.13. Steering and swing axle Parts moving in relation to each other or to fixed parts must be protected if they lie within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10. When articulated steering is fitted, there must be indelible and clear markings within the articulation range on both sides of the tractor, indicating by means of an illustrative sign or in words that remaining within the unprotected range of articulation is not permitted. The corresponding indications must be included in the operating manual. 2.3.2.14. Transmission shafts fixed on the tractor Transmission shafts (for example, for four-wheel drive) which can only rotate while the tractor is in motion must be protected if they are located within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10. 2.3.2.15. Clearance zone around the drive wheels 2.3.2.15.1. The clearance zones of the wheel guards must meet the following requirements. 2.3.2.15.2. ‘Clearance zone’ means the space which must remain clear around the tyres of the drive wheels in relation to the adjacent parts of the vehicle. The clearance zone of the drive wheels, when fitted with largest-size tyres, must correspond to the dimensions set out in the following Figure 9 and Table 6. Figure 9



Table 6 Standard tractors Narrow track tractors a h a h mm mm mm mm 40 60 15 30 A clearance zone smaller than that illustrated in Figure 9 and Table 6 is permissible in addition to the zones referred to in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10 in the case of narrow-track tractors where wheel guards are also used to scrape off earth stuck to the wheels. 2.3.2.16. Hot surfaces Hot surfaces which can be reached by the operator during normal operation of the tractor shall be covered or insulated. This applies to hot surfaces which are near to steps, handrails, handholds and integral tractor parts used as boarding means and which may be inadvertently touched. 2.3.2.17. Battery terminal cover Non-earthed terminals must be protected against unintentional short-circuiting.

2.4. Method of determining the seat index point

2.4.1. General

The method and device used in defining the index point for any type of upholstered seat are described below.

2.4.2. Definitions

Seat index point (SIP):

Point situated in the vertical median longitudinal plane of the SIP locating device represented in Figure 10 which is placed on the driving seat in accordance with points 2.4.4 and 2.4.6.

The seat index point is established in relation to the vehicle and does not move as a function of the seat adjustments and/or oscillations.

2.4.3. Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)

The device for determining the SIP must be as shown in Figure 10. The mass of that device is 6 ± 1 kg and its underside must be flat and polished.

2.4.4. Seat setting for determination of index point (SIP)

Where a seat and its suspension can be regulated, the seat is regulated as follows before the index point is determined:

(a) all of the adjustments — back/forth, height and rake — must be in their mid-position. If this is not the case, the closest adjustment either above or below the mid-position should be used;

(b) adjustable suspension must be adjusted in such a way that the suspension is at mid-travel with the locating device in position and loaded. The suspension may be locked mechanically in that position while the index point (SIP) is determined;

(c) non-adjustable suspension may be locked in the vertical position that is achieved with the locating device in place and loaded;

(d) if the adjustments mentioned above conflict with the manufacturer's specific instructions, these must be followed in such a way as to obtain the setting recommended for a 75 kg driver.

NB: A 75 kg driver offers an approximation of the locating device in position on the seat and loaded with a mass of 65 kg.

2.4.5. Determination of the three reference axes x′, y′, and z′ for the SIP

The coordinates must be established as follows:

(a) location, on one side of the seat mounting, of the attachment hole that is in the most rear position;

(b) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the pivot axis defined on the device, it is taken as axis y′ (pointing from left to right in relation to a seated driver — see Figure 11);

(c) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the vertical plane passing through the centre line of the seat, the straight line is taken as axis y′ which runs parallel to the pivot axis referred to and passes through the point of intersection between the supporting plane of the seat and the hole axis referred to above (see Figure 12);

(d) in all other cases, axis y′ is established in accordance with the parameters relating to the seat being measured;

(e) axes x′ and z′ are defined as intersections of the horizontal and vertical planes passing through y′ with the vertical plane through the seat centre line. Axes x′ and z′ point forwards and upwards (see Figures 11 and 12).

2.4.6. Method of determining the seat index point (SIP)

The seat index point (SIP) is determined by using the device shown in Figure 10 and by proceeding in the following manner:

(a) the seat is covered with a piece of cloth in order to facilitate correct positioning of the device;

(b) the device is positioned on the seat cushion (without additional mass) by pushing it rearwards against the backrest;

(c) masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 6 ± 1 kg to 26 ± 1 kg. The centre of vertical force must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);

(d) a horizontal force of about 100 N is applied twice to the device on the seat index point, as set out in figure 10;

(e) other masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 26 ± 1 kg to 65 ± 1 kg. The centre of the vertical force of the masses added must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);

(f) on both sides of the seat in two vertical planes, equidistant from the median longitudinal line of the seat, the coordinates, as defined in point 2.4.5, of the intersections of those planes on the axis of the seat index point marked by the device must be measured to ± 1 mm. The arithmetical mean values of the measurements taken in the two planes are recorded as SIP coordinates;

(g) the conditions resulting from the method of determination, and which diverge from the procedure set out in this Annex, or which may be the source of errors as regards their results, may be noted, as may their causes.

Figure 10 — Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)

Figure 11 — Determination of SIP reference axes

(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the pivot axis of the back/thighs)

Figure 12 — Determination of the three reference axes of the SIP

(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the vertical plane passing through the median line of the seat)

▼M1

3. ADDITIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

3.1. Falling Objects Protective Structures

Falling Objects Protective Structures (FOPS), if provided, shall comply with OECD Code 10 ( 12 ).

3.2. Operators Protection Structures

3.2.1. Operators Protection Structures (OPS), if provided, shall comply with ISO 8084:2003 ( 13 ).

3.2.2. For other than forestry applications and without prejudice to point 3.2.1, tractors with glazing according to point 1.1.3 of Annex III A shall be considered to be equipped with Operators Protection Structures (OPS).

3.3. Prevention of Contact with Hazardous Substances

The requirements of EN 15695-1:2009 shall apply to all tractors defined in Article 2(j) of Directive 2003/37/EC, if they are being used in conditions which may cause the risk of contact with hazardous substances; in such case the cabin has to fulfil the requirements of level 2, 3 or 4 of this standard. The criteria for the choice between the levels must be described and be in line with those indicated in the operator’s manual. For spraying of pesticides the cabin must be of level 4.

4. OPERATOR’S MANUAL

The operator’s manual shall comply with ISO 3600:1996 ( 14 ) with the exception of section 4.3 (Machine identification).

4.1. In particular or in addition to the requirements in standard ISO 3600:1996, the operator’s manual shall cover the following: (a) adjustment of the seat and suspension related to the ergonomic position of the operator with respect to the controls and in order to minimise the risks from whole body vibration; (b) use and adjustment of the system for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning, when provided; (c) starting and stopping of the engine; (d) location and method of opening of emergency exits; (e) boarding and leaving the tractor; (f) the hazard area near to the pivot axis of articulated tractors; (g) use of special tools, if any are provided; (h) safe methods used for service and maintenance; (i) information about the interval of inspection of hydraulic hoses; (j) instructions about how to tow the tractor; (k) instructions about the safe use of jacks and recommended jacking points; (l) hazards related to batteries and fuel tank; (m) prohibited use of the tractor, where overturning hazards exist with mention that the list is not exhaustive; (n) residual risks, related to hot surfaces, such as filling of oil or coolant in hot engines or transmissions; (o) the level of protection of the Falling Objects Protective Structure, if applicable; (p) the level of protection against hazardous substances, if applicable; (q) the level of protection of the Operators Protection Structure, if applicable.

4.2. Attaching, detaching and working with mounted machinery, trailers and interchangeable towed machinery The operator’s manual shall include the following: (a) a warning to strictly follow the instructions outlined in the operator’s manual of the mounted or trailed machinery or trailer, and not to operate the combination tractor — machine or tractor — trailer unless all instructions have been followed; (b) a warning to stay clear from the area of the three-point linkage when controlling it; (c) a warning that mounted machinery must be lowered on the ground before leaving the tractor; (d) speed of the power take-off drive shafts in function of the mounted machinery or trailed vehicle; (e) a requirement to use only power take-off drive shafts with adequate guards; (f) information about hydraulic coupling devices and their function; (g) information about the maximum lift capacity of the three-point linkage; (h) information about the determination of the total mass, the axle loads, the tyre load carrying capacity and the necessary minimum ballasting; (i) information about the available trailer braking systems and their compatibility with the trailed vehicles; (j) the maximum vertical load on the rear hitch, related to the rear tyre size and type of hitch; (k) information about using implements with power take-off drive shafts and that the technically possible inclination of the shafts depend on the shape and size of the master shield and/or clearance zone, including the specific information required in case of PTO type 3 with reduced dimension; (l) a repeat of the data on the statutory plate about maximum allowed trailed masses; (m) a warning to stay clear from the area between tractor and trailed vehicle.

4.3. Noise declaration The operator’s manual shall give the value of the noise at the operator’s ear, measured according to Directive 2009/76/EC ( 15 ) of the European Parliament and of the Council and the noise of the tractor in motion measured according to Annex VI to Directive 2009/63/EC ( 16 ) of the European Parliament and of the Council.

4.4. Vibration declaration The operator’s manual shall give the value of the vibration level measured according to Council Directive 78/764/EEC ( 17 ).

4.5. Relevant operating modes of a tractor that can reasonably be expected and identified as containing particular hazards are the following: (a) work with front-end loader (risk of falling objects); (b) forestry application (risk of falling and/or penetrating objects); (c) work with crop sprayers, mounted or trailed (risk of hazardous substances). Particular attention shall be given in the operator’s manual to the use of the tractor in combination with the above equipment. 4.5.1. Front–end loader 4.5.1.1. The operator’s manual shall outline the hazards associated with front-end loader work, and explain how to avoid those hazards. 4.5.1.2. The operator’s manual shall indicate the fixation points on the body of the tractor where the front–end loader must be installed, together with the size and quality of the hardware to be used. If no such attachment points are foreseen, the operator’s manual shall prohibit the installation of a front–end loader. 4.5.1.3. Tractors fitted with programmable hydraulic sequencing functions shall provide information on how to connect the loader hydraulics so that this function is inoperable. 4.5.2. Forestry application 4.5.2.1. In case of use of an agricultural tractor in a forestry application, the identified hazards are the following: (a) toppling trees, primarily in case a rear-mounted tree grab-crane is mounted at the rear of the tractor; (b) penetrating objects in the operator’s enclosure, primarily in case a winch is mounted at the rear of the tractor. 4.5.2.2. The operator’s manual shall provide information about the following: (a) the existence of the hazards described in point 4.5.2.1; (b) any optional equipment that might be available to deal with those hazards; (c) fixation points on the tractor where protective structures can be fixed, together with the size and quality of the hardware to be used; when no means are foreseen to fit adequate protective structures, this shall be mentioned; (d) protective structures may consist of a frame protecting the operating station against toppling trees or (mesh) grids in front of the cab doors, roof and windows; (e) the Falling Objects Protection System level, if provided. 4.5.3. Work with crop sprayers (risk of hazardous substances) The protection level against hazardous substances, in accordance with EN 15695-1:2009, must be described in the operator’s manual.

▼B









Appendix

MODEL

Name of administration

▼M1

ANNEX TO THE EC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE FOR A TRACTOR TYPE WITH REGARD TO THE SPEED GOVERNOR AND PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS, ADDITIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS, OPERATOR’S MANUAL

▼B

(Article 4(2) of Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units)

EC type-approval No: …

1. Component(s) or characteristic(s): 1.1. speed governor (where present) 1.2. protection of the drive units, projection and wheels ▼M1 1.3. Additional safety requirements for special applications, if applicable: 1.3.1. Falling Objects Protective Structures 1.3.2. Operators Protection Structures 1.3.3. Prevention of contact with Hazardous Substances ▼B

2. Make of tractor (or business name of manufacturer): … …

3. Type and where appropriate commercial name of tractor: … …

4. Manufacturer's name and address: … …

5. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's authorised representative: … …

6. Description of component(s) and/or characteristic(s) mentioned under 1 above: …

7. Date of submission of tractor for EC type-approval: …

8. Technical service conducting the type-approval tests: … …

9. Date of report issued by that service: …

10. Number of report issued by that service: …

11. EC type-approval for the speed governor and protection of the drive components, projections and wheels is granted/refused ( 18 ):

12. Place: …

13. Date: …

14. Signature: …

15. The following documents, bearing the EC type-approval number indicated above, are attached to this certificate: … dimensioned drawings; … drawing or photograph of the relevant parts of the tractor; ▼M1 … operator’ s manual. ▼B The data must be supplied to the competent authorities of the other Member States if they so request.

16. Remarks: … …









ANNEX III A

Windscreen and other glazing Equipment requirements, definitions, application for component type-approval, component type-approval, markings, general specifications, tests and conformity of production

1. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Agricultural and forestry tractors may be equipped as chosen by their manufacturer with: 1.1.1. windscreens and glass panes other than windscreens covered by the provisions of this Annex; 1.1.2. windscreens covered by the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens in this Annex, with the exception of the requirements of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %). 1.1.3. rigid plastic glazing is permitted for non-windscreen applications as approved in Council Directive 92/22/EEC ( 19 ) or in UNECE Regulation No 43, Annex 14.

2. DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Directive:

2.1. ‘toughened-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of a single layer of glass which has been subjected to special treatment to increase its mechanical strength and condition its fragmentations after shattering;

2.2. ‘laminated-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of two or more layers of glass held together by one or more interlayers of plastic material; it may be: 2.2.1. ‘ordinary’, where none of the layers of glass of which it is composed have been treated, or 2.2.2. ‘treated’, where at least one of the layers of glass of which it is composed has been specially treated to increase its mechanical strength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;

2.3. ‘safety glazing coated with plastic material’ means a glass pane as defined in point 2.1 or 2.2 with a layer of plastic material on its inner surface;

2.4. ‘glass-plastic safety glazing’ means a pane of laminated glass having one layer of glass and one or more layers of plastic material at least one of which acts as interlayer. The plastic layers shall be on the inner face when the glazing is fitted on the tractor;

2.5. ‘group of windscreens’ means a group comprising windscreens of differing sizes and shapes subjected to an examination of their mechanical properties, their mode of fragmentation and their behaviour in environmental resistance tests; 2.5.1. ‘flat windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting no nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linear metre; 2.5.2. ‘curved windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linear metre;

2.6. ‘double window’ means a set of two panes installed separately in the same opening on the tractor;

2.7. ‘double glazing’ means a unit composed of two panes permanently assembled in the factory and separated by a uniform gap; 2.7.1. ‘symmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two constituent panes are of the same type (toughened or laminated glass, etc.), and exhibit identical principal and secondary characteristics; 2.7.2. ‘asymmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two constituent panes are of a different type (toughened or laminated glass, etc.) or exhibit different principal and/or secondary characteristics;

2.8. ‘principal characteristic’ means a characteristic which appreciably modifies the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a way not without significance to the function which the glass pane is to perform in a tractor. This term also covers the trade name or mark;

2.9. ‘secondary characteristic’ means a characteristic capable of modifying the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a way which is of significance to the function which the glass pane is intended to perform in a tractor. The extent of such modification is assessed in relation to the indices of difficulty;

2.10. ‘indices of difficulty’ covers a two-stage grading system applying to the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic. A change from index ‘1’ to index ‘2’ indicates the need for additional tests;

2.11. ‘developed area of a windscreen’ means the minimum rectangular area of glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured;

2.12. ‘rake angle of a windscreen’ means the angle included between a vertical line and a straight line passing through the top and bottom extremities of the windscreen, both lines lying in a vertical plane along the longitudinal axis of the tractor. 2.12.1. Measurement of the rake angle is performed on an unladen tractor standing on level ground. 2.12.2. Tractors equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or with a device for automatic adjustment of ground clearance according to load are tested in the normal running conditions specified by the manufacturer;

2.13. ‘height of segment, h’ means the maximum distance, measured at right angles approximately to the glass pane, separating the inner surface of the pane from a pane passing through the ends of the pane (see Annex III N, Figure 1);

2.14. ‘type of glass pane’ means a glass pane, as defined in points 2.1 to 2.4, not exhibiting any essential differences in respect, in particular, of the principal and secondary characteristics mentioned in Annexes III D to III L. 2.14.1. Although a change in the principal characteristics implies that the product is of a new type, it is recognised that in certain cases a change in shape and dimension does not necessarily require a complete set of tests to be carried out. For certain of the tests prescribed in the individual Annexes, glass panes may be grouped together if it is evident that they have similar principal characteristics. 2.14.2. Glass panes exhibiting differences only as regards their secondary characteristics may be deemed to be of the same type; certain tests may, however, be carried out on samples of such panes if the performance of those tests is explicitly stipulated in the test conditions;

2.15. ‘curvature, r’ means the approximate value of the smallest radius of arc of the windscreen as measured in the area of maximum curvature.

3. APPLICATION FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL

3.1. The application for EC component type-approval for a type of glass pane is submitted by the manufacturer of the safety-glass pane or by his duly accredited representative for each type of safety glass. The application may be made in one Member State only.

3.2. For each type of safety glass, the application is accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars: 3.2.1. a technical description comprising all principal and secondary characteristics; and, 3.2.1.1. in the case of glazing other than windscreens, drawings in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing: — the maximum area, — the smallest angle between two adjacent sides of the glass pane, and — the maximum height of segment, if any; 3.2.1.2. In the case of windscreens: 3.2.1.2.1. a list of the models of windscreen for which component type-approval is sought, giving the name of the tractor manufacturers and the type(s) of tractor; 3.2.1.2.2. drawings on a scale 1:10 and diagrams of the windscreens and their installation in the tractor in sufficient detail to show: 3.2.1.2.2.1. the position of the windscreen relative to the R point as defined in point 1.2 of Annex I to Directive 2008/2/EC ( 20 ); 3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the windscreen; 3.2.1.2.2.3. the position and size of the zone in which the optical qualities are verified and, where appropriate, the area subjected to differential toughening; 3.2.1.2.2.4. the developed area of the windscreen; 3.2.1.2.2.5. the maximum height of segment of the windscreen; and 3.2.1.2.2.6. the curvature of the windscreen (for windscreen-grouping purposes only); 3.2.1.3. in the case of double glazing, drawings in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing, in addition to the information referred to in point 3.2.1.1: — the type of each constituent glass pane, — the type of bonding (organic, glass-glass or glass-metal), — the nominal thickness of the gap between the two glass panes.

3.3. In addition, the applicant must submit a sufficient number of test pieces and samples of the finished glass panes of the models considered, the number being if necessary determined by agreement with the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

3.4. The competent authority must verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of conformity of production before component type-approval is granted.

4. MARKINGS

4.1. Every safety-glass pane, including the samples and test-pieces submitted for component type-approval, must bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer. The marking must be clearly legible and indelible.

5. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL

5.1. If the samples submitted for component type-approval meet the requirements of points 5 to 7 below, approval of the pertinent type of safety-glass pane is granted.

5.2. A component type-approval number is assigned to each type as defined in Annexes III E, III G, III K and III L, or, in the case of windscreens, to each group approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for Directive 89/173/EEC in its original form) indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to Directive 89/173/EEC as replaced by this Directive at the time of issue of the approval. A Member State may not assign the same number to another type or group of safety-glass panes.

5.3. Component type-approval or extension or refusal of approval for a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive is communicated to the Member States by means of a notice prepared in accordance with the model set out in Annex III B to this Directive and its Appendices. 5.3.1. In the case of windscreens, the EC component type-approval notice must be accompanied by a document listing every windscreen model in the approved group, together with the characteristics of the group, in accordance with Appendix 8 to Annex III B.

5.4. In addition to the marking specified in point 4.1, an EC component type-approval mark must be affixed conspicuously to all safety-glass panes and double-glazed units conforming to a type approved under this Directive. Any special component type-approval mark assigned to each pane of a double-glazed unit may also be affixed. This component type-approval mark consists of: 5.4.1. a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted the approval ( 21 ); 5.4.2. the component type-approval number to the right of the rectangle prescribed in point 5.4.1.

5.5. The following additional symbols are affixed near the above EC type-approval mark: 5.5.1. in the case of a windscreen: I : for toughened glass (I/P if faced) ( 22 ), II : for ordinary laminated glass (II/P if faced) (22) , III : for treated laminated glass (III/P if faced) (22) , IV : for glass-plastic glazing; 5.5.2. V : in the case of a glass pane other than a windscreen covered by the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C; 5.5.3. VI : in the case of a double-glazed unit; 5.5.4. T : in the case of windscreens which comply with the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, except those coming under the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %). However, in the case of windscreens complying with the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, the symbol ‘T’ may only be marked after the head-form test defined in point 3.3.2 of Annex III G, the height of drop being 4,0 m + 25/ – 0 mm.

5.6. The EC component type-approval mark and the symbol must be clearly legible and indelible.

5.7. The Appendix to this Annex gives examples of component type-approval marks.

6. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1. All glass panes, and particularly those intended for the manufacture of windscreens, must be of sufficient quality to reduce the risk of bodily injury as far as possible in the event of the glass shattering. The glass must be sufficiently resistant to the incidents likely to occur in normal traffic, and to atmospheric and temperature conditions, chemical action, combustion and abrasion.

6.2. Safety glass must in addition be sufficiently transparent, must not cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through the windscreen, and must not give rise to any confusion between the colours used in road-traffic signs and signals. In the event of the windscreen shattering, the driver must still be able to see the road clearly enough to be able to brake and stop his tractor safely.

7. PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS

All types of safety glass must, depending on the category to which they belong, comply with the following particular requirements:

7.1. as regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III D;

7.2. as regards uniformly toughened glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III E;

7.3. as regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III F;

7.4. as regards ordinary laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III G;

7.5. as regards treated laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III H;

7.6. as regards safety-glass panes faced with plastic material, in addition to the relevant requirements listed above, the requirements contained in Annex III I;

7.7. as regards glass-plastic windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III J;

7.8. as regards glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III K;

7.9. as regards double-glazed units, the requirements contained in Annex III L.

8. TESTS

8.1. The following tests are prescribed: 8.1.1. Fragmentation The purpose of this test is: 8.1.1.1. to verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the pane of glass are such as to minimise the risk of injury, and 8.1.1.2. in the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after shattering. 8.1.2. Mechanical strength 8.1.2.1. Ball-impact test This test takes two forms, one using a 227 g ball and the other a 2 260 g ball. 8.1.2.1.1. 227-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of the interlayer in laminated glass and the mechanical strength of uniformly toughened glass. 8.1.2.1.2. 2 260-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the ball-penetration resistance of laminated glass. 8.1.2.2. Headform test The purpose of this test is to verify the glass pane's compliance with requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event of impact of the head against the windscreen, laminated glass or glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, and also double-glazed units used as side windows. 8.1.3. Resistance to the environment 8.1.3.1. Abrasion test The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a safety-glass pane to abrasion exceeds a specified value. 8.1.3.2. High-temperature test The purpose of this test is to verify that no bubbles or other defects occur in the interlayer in a laminated glass or glass-plastic pane when the latter is exposed to high temperatures over an extended period of time. 8.1.3.3. Resistance-to-radiation test The purpose of this test is to determine whether the light transmittance of laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass panes exposed to radiation over an extended period of time is significantly reduced thereby or whether the glazing is significantly discoloured. 8.1.3.4. Resistance-to-humidity test The purpose of this test is to determine whether a laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass pane will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to atmosphere humidity. 8.1.3.5. Resistance to temperature change The purpose of this test is to determine whether the plastic material(s) used in safety glazing as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures. 8.1.4. Optical qualities 8.1.4.1. Light-transmission test The purpose of this test is to determine whether the regular transmittance of safety-glass panes exceeds a specified value. 8.1.4.2. Optical-distortion test The purpose of this test is to verify that the distortion of objects as seen through the windscreen is not such as to be likely to confuse the driver. 8.1.4.3. Secondary-image-separation test The purpose of this test is to verify that the angular separation of the secondary image from the primary image does not exceed a specified value. 8.1.4.4. Identification-of-colours test The purpose of this test is to verify that there is no risk of confusion of colours as seen through a windscreen. 8.1.5. Fire-resistance test The purpose of this test is to verify that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 has a sufficiently low burn rate. 8.1.6. Resistance to chemical agents The purpose of this test is to determine that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand the effects of exposure to chemicals likely to be present or used within the tractor (e.g. cleaning compounds) without deterioration.

8.2. Tests prescribed for glass panes of the categories defined in points 2.1 to 2.4 8.2.1. Safety-glass panes are subject to the tests listed in the following table:



Windscreens Glass panes other than windscreens Toughened glass Ordinary laminated glass Treated laminated glass Glass-plastic Toughened glass Laminated glass Glass-plastic I I/P II II/P III III/P IV Fragmentation D/2 D/2 — — H/4 H/4 — E/2 — — Mechanical strength: 227 g ball — — F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. E/3.1. G/4 G/4 2 260 g ball — — F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. — — — — Headform test (1) D/3 D/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 J/3 — G/3 (3) K/3 (3) Abrasion: outer face — — F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. — F/5.1. F/5.1. inner face — I/2 — I/2 — I/2 I/2 I/2 (2) I/2 (2) I/2 High temperature — — C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 — C/5 C/5 Radiation — C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 — C/6 C/6 Humidity — C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 (2) C/7 C/7 Light transmission C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. Optical distortion C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. — — — Secondary image C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. — — — Identification of colours C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. — — — Resistance to temperature changes — C/8 — C/8 — C/8 C/8 C/8 (2) C/8 (2) C/8 Fire resistance — C/10 — C/10 — C/10 C/10 C/10 (2) C/10 (2) C/10 Resistance to chemicals — C/11 — C/11 — C/11 C/11 C/11 (2) C/11 (2) C/11 (1) Furthermore this test must be carried out on double-glazed units pursuant to point 3 of Annex III L. (2) If coated on the inner side with plastic material. (3) This list must be performed with a drop of 4 m + 25/ – 0 mm instead of 1,5 m + 25/ – 0 mm when the panes are used as tractor windscreens. NB: A reference such as K/3 in the table indicates Annex III K and point 3 of that Annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirements specified. 8.2.2. A safety-glass pane is granted component type-approval if it meets all the requirements prescribed in the relevant provisions referred to in the above table.

9. MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR A TYPE OF SAFETY-GLASS PANE

9.1. All modifications to a type of safety-glass pane, or, in the case of windscreens, all additions of windscreens to a group, must be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of safety-glass pane. The department may then either: 9.1.1. consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and, in the case of windscreens, that the new type comes within the approved group of windscreens, and that at all events the safety-glass pane still complies with the requirements, or 9.1.2. require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

9.2. Communication 9.2.1. Confirmation, refusal or extension of component type-approval are communicated to the Member States in accordance with the procedure specified in point 5.3. 9.2.2. The competent authority which has granted an extension of component type-approval must place a serial number on each communication relating to the extension.

10. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

10.1. Safety glazing granted type-approval under this and the following Annexes must be so manufactured as to conform to the approved type and meet the requirements set out in points 6, 7 and 8.

10.2. To verify that the requirements of point 10.1 have been met, constant checks must be carried out on production.

10.3. The holder of the component type-approval must in particular: 10.3.1. ensure that procedures exist for controlling the quality of the product, 10.3.2. have access to the equipment necessary for checking conformity to each approved type, 10.3.3. record data of test results and make the ancillary documents ( 23 ) available for a period to be determined in agreement with the administrative department, 10.3.4. analyse the results of each type of test to verify and ensure consistency of the product characteristics, allowing for the permissible variations in industrial production, 10.3.5. ensure that, for each type of product, at least the tests prescribed in Annex III O are carried out, and 10.3.6. ensure that where any samples or test-pieces show non-conformity with the type of test concerned, further samples are taken and tested. All necessary steps must be taken to re-establish conformity in the production concerned.

10.4. The competent authority may at any time verify the methods for checking conformity applicable to each production unit (see point 1.3 of Annex III O). 10.4.1. At every inspection, the test data and production records must be presented to the inspector. 10.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined in the light of the results of the manufacturer's own checks. 10.4.3. Where the quality standard appears unsatisfactory or where it appears necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out under point 10.4.2, the inspector may select samples to be sent to the technical service which conducted the component type-approval test. 10.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Directive. 10.4.5. The normal frequency of inspection is two per year. If unsatisfactory results are found during any of these inspections, the competent authority must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as quickly as possible.

11. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

11.1. Component type-approval granted in respect of a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in point 10.1 is not complied with.

11.2. If a Member State withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it must forthwith notify the other Member States thereof by means of a copy of the component type-approval certificate with ‘COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL WITHDRAWN’ added in large letters at the bottom of the certificate, and signed and dated.

12. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED

If the holder of component type-approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of safety-glass pane approved in accordance with this Directive, he must inform thereof the authority which granted the approval. That authority must in turn notify the other Member States thereof, by means of a copy of the compound type-approval notice conforming to the model shown in Annex III B.

13. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL TESTS AND OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS GRANTING SUCH APPROVAL

Each Member State must communicate to the other Member States and the Commission the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting component type-approval tests and of the administrative departments granting EC component type-approval, to which the component type-approval certificate and certificates indicating refusal or withdrawal of component type-approval issued in the other Member States are to be sent.









Appendix

EXAMPLES OF COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARKS

(See point 5.5 of Annex III A)

Toughened-glass windscreens:

The above component type-approval mark, affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen, shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Toughened-glass windscreens faced with plastic material:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens faced with plastic material:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass windscreen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Treated laminated-glass windscreens:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a treated laminated-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass-plastic windscreens:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass-plastic windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a windscreen to which the requirements of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C are applicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Double-glazed units having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a double-glazed unit shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass panes other than windscreens to be used as windscreens for tractors:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane shows that the component concerned intended to be used as a windscreen on a tractor was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of 70 % more:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a windscreen to which the requirements of point 9.1.4.1 of Annex III C are applicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e 2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.









ANNEX III B

Name of administration

(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

Communication on

— EC component type-approval,

— refusal of component type-approval,

— extension of component type-approval,

— withdrawal of component type-approval ( 24 ) for a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to Directive 2009/144/EC

EC component type-approval No: … Extension No …

1. Category of safety-glass pane: …

2. Description of glass pane (see Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (24) ) and, in the case of windscreens, the list conforming with Appendix 8: … …

3. Trade name or mark: …

4. Manufacturer's name and address: … …

5. Name and address of manufacturer's representative where applicable: …

6. Submitted for component type-approval on: …

7. Technical service responsible for conducting component type-approval tests: …

8. Date of test report: …

9. Number of test report: …

11. Grounds for extending type-approval: … … …

12. Remarks: … … …

13. Place: …

14. Date: …

15. Signature: …

16. A list is attached of the documents comprising the component type-approval file lodged with the administrative department granting the approval; these documents are available on request.









Appendix 1

TOUGHENED-GLASS WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III D or III I)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Shape category: …

— Thickness category: …

— Nominal thickness of the windscreen: …

— Nature and type of plastic coating(s): …

— Thickness of plastic coating(s): …

Secondary characteristics

— Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass):

— Colouring of glass: …

— Colouring of plastic coating(s): …

— Conductors incorporated (yes/no):

— Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no):

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…

Documents attached: list of windscreen (see Appendix 8).









Appendix 2

UNIFORMLY TOUGHENED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III E or III I)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Other than windscreens (yes/no):

— Windscreen for tractor(s): …

— Shape category: …

— Nature of toughening process: …

— Thickness category: …

— Nature and type of plastic coating(s): …

Secondary characteristics

— Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): …

— Colouring of glass: …

— Colouring of plastic coating(s): …

— Conductors incorporated (yes/no):

— Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no):

Approved criteria

— Greatest area (flat glass): …

— Smallest angle: …

— Greatest developed area (curved glass): …

— Greatest height of segment: …

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…

Documents attached: list of windscreen (if applicable) (see Appendix 8).









Appendix 3

LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS

(ordinary, treated or plastic-coated)

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III F, III H or III I)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Number of layers of glass: …

— Number of layers of interlayer: …

— Nominal thickness of the windscreen: …

— Nominal thickness of interlayer(s): …

— Special treatment of glass: …

— Nature and type of interlayer(s): …

— Nature and type of plastic coating(s): …

Secondary characteristics

— Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass):…

— Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): …

— Colouring of plastic coating(s) (total/partial): …

— Conductors incorporated (yes/no):

— Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no):

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…

Documents attached: list of windscreen (see Appendix 8).









Appendix 4

LAMINATED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III G or III I)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Other than windscreens (yes/no):

— Windscreen for tractor(s): …

— Number of layers of glass: …

— Number of layers of interlayer: …

— Thickness category: …

— Nominal thickness of interlayer(s): …

— Special treatment of glass: …

— Nature and type of interlayer(s): …

— Nature and type of plastic coating(s): …

— Thickness of plastic coating(s): …

Secondary characteristics

— Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): …

— Colouring of interlayer (total/partial): …

— Colouring of glass: …

— Colouring of plastic coating(s): …

— Conductors incorporated (yes/no):

— Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no):

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…

Documents attached: list of windscreen (if applicable) (see Appendix 8).









Appendix 5

GLASS-PLASTIC WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III J)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Shape category: …

— Number of layers of plastic: …

— Nominal thickness of glass: …

— Treatment of the glass (yes/no):

— Nominal thickness of the windscreen: …

— Nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer: …

— Nature and type of layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer: …

— Nature and type of the outer layer of plastic: …

Secondary characteristics

— Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): …

— Colouring of glass: …

— Colouring of the layer(s) of plastic (total/partial): …

— Conductors incorporated (yes/no):

— Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no):

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…

Documents attached: list of windscreen (see Appendix 8).









Appendix 6

GLASS-PLASTIC PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III K)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Other than windscreens (yes/no):

— Windscreen for tractor(s): …

— Number of layers of plastic: …

— Thickness of the glass component: …

— Treatment of the glass component (yes/no):

— Nominal thickness of the pane: …

— Nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer: …

— Nature and type of layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer: …

— Nature and type of the outer layer of plastic: …

Secondary characteristics

— Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): …

— Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): …

— Colouring of the layer(s) of plastic (total/partial): …

— Conductors incorporated (yes/no):

— Anti-glare strips incorporated (yes/no):

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…

Documents attached: list of windscreen (if applicable) (see Appendix 8).









Appendix 7

DOUBLE-GLAZED UNITS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III L)

Component type-approval No: … Extension No: …

Principal characteristics

— Composition of double-glazed units (symmetrical/asymmetrical): …

— Nominal thickness of the gap: …

— Method of assembly: …

— Type of each glass as defined in Annexes III E, III G. III I, III K: …

Document attached

One form for the two panes of a symmetrical double-glazed unit in accordance with the Annex under which the panes have been tested or approved.

One form for each glass pane of an asymmetrical double-glazed unit in accordance with the Annexes under which these panes have been tested or approved.

Remarks:

…

…

…

…

…









Appendix 8

CONTENTS OF THE LIST OF WINDSCREENS ( 25 )

For each of the windscreens covered by this component type-approval, at least the following particulars shall be provided:

— Tractor manufacturer: …

— Type of tractor: …

— Developed area (F): …

— Height of segment (h): …

— Curvature (r): …

— Installation angle (a): …

— Index point coordinates (A, B, C) relative to the centre of the upper edge of the windscreen: …









ANNEX III C

General test conditions

1. FRAGMENTATION TESTS

1.1. The pane of glass to be tested must not be rigidly secured; it may however be fastened on an identical glass pane by means of adhesive tape applied all round the edge.

1.2. To obtain fragmentation, a hammer of about 75 g or some other appliance giving equivalent results is used. The radius of curvature of the point is 0,2 ± 0,05 mm.

1.3. One test must be carried out at each prescribed point of impact.

1.4. An examination must be made of the fragments on photographic contact paper, exposure commencing not more than 10 seconds and terminating not more than three minutes after impact. Only the darkest lines, representing the initial fracture, are taken into consideration. The laboratory must keep photographic reproductions of the fragmentation obtained.

2. BALL-IMPACT TESTS

2.1. 227-g-ball test

2.1.1. Apparatus

2.1.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 227 ± 2 g and a diameter of approximately 38 mm.

2.1.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.1.1.3. Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 1, composed of steel frames, with machined borders 15 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm wide and of hardness 50 IRHD. The lower frame rests on a steel box about 150 mm high. The test-piece is held in place by the upper frame, the mass of which is about 3 kg. The supporting frame is welded on to a sheet of steel about 12 mm thick resting on the floor with an interposed sheet of rubber about 3 mm thick and of hardness 50 IRHD. Figure 1 — Support for ball tests

2.1.2. Test conditions

— Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

2.1.3. Test piece

The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/– 0 mm.

2.1.4. Procedure

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece must be perpendicular, within 3°, to the incident direction of the ball.

The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece for a drop height of 6 m or less, and within 50 mm of the centre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 m. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.

2.2. 2 260-g-ball test

2.2.1. Apparatus

2.2.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2 260 ± 20 g and a diameter of approximately 82 mm.

2.2.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.2.1.3. The supporting fixture is as shown in Figure 1 and identical with that described in point 2.1.1.3.

2.2.2. Test conditions

— Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

2.2.3. Test piece

The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/– 0 mm or cut out from the flattest part of a windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass.

Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass may be tested. In this case care must be taken to ensure adequate contact between the safety-glass pane and the support.

2.2.4. Procedure

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece must be perpendicular, within 3°, to the incident direction of the ball.

In the case of glass-plastic glazing the test piece is clamped to the support.

The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.

3. HEADFORM TEST

3.1. Apparatus

3.1.1. Headform weight with a spherical or semi-spherical headform made of laminated hardwood covered with replaceable felt and with or without a cross-beam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped intermediate piece between the spherical part and the cross-beam and a mounting rod on the other side of the cross-beam. The dimensions are in accordance with Figure 2. The total mass of the apparatus is 10 ± 0,2 kg. Figure 2 — Headform weight

3.1.2. Device for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be specified, or device for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

3.1.3. Supporting fixture, as shown in Figure 3, for testing flat test pieces. The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders 50 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 ± 1 mm wide and a hardness 70 IRHD. The upper frame is held pressed against the lower frame by at least eight bolts.

3.2. Test conditions

3.2.1. Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

3.2.2. Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

3.2.3. Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %. Figure 3 — Support for headform tests (1) The minimum recommended torque for M 20 is 30 Nm.

3.3. Procedure

3.3.1. Test on a flat test piece

The flat test piece, having a length of 1 100 + 5/– 2 mm and a width of 500 + 5/– 2 mm is kept at a constant temperature of 20 ± 5 °C for at least four hours immediately preceding the test. Fix the test piece in the supporting frames (3.1.3); tighten the bolts so as to ensure that the movement of the test piece during the test does not exceed 2 mm. The plane of the test piece must be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the weight. The weight must strike the test piece within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.

3.3.2. Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less than or equal to 1,5 m) Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width of contact over the whole perimeter being about 15 mm. The support consists of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the windscreen so that the headform weight strikes the internal surface. If necessary, the windscreen is clamped to the support by appropriate means. The support must rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm. The surface of the windscreen must be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the headform weight. The headform weight must strike the windscreen at a point within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact. The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.

4. ABRASION TEST

4.1. Apparatus

4.1.1. Abrading instrument ( 26 ), shown diagrammatically in Figure 4 and consisting of: — a horizontal turntable, with centre clamp, which revolves counter-clockwise at 65 to 75 rev/min, and — Figure 4 — Diagram of abrading instrument — two weighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive wheel freely relating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each wheel rests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of 500 g. The turntable of the abrading instrument must rotate regularly, substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane must not be greater than ± 0,05 mm at a distance of 1,6 mm from turntable periphery). The wheels must be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating test piece they rotate in opposite directions so as to exert, twice during each rotation of the test piece, a compressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annular area of about 30 cm2.

4.1.2. Abrasive wheels ( 27 ), each 45 to 50 mm in diameter and 12,5 mm thick, composed of a special finely screened abrasive embedded in a medium-hard rubber. The wheels must have a hardness of 72 ± 5 IRHD, as measured at four points equally spaced on the centre line of the abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically along a diameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10 seconds after full application of the pressure. The abrasive wheels must be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely even.

4.1.3. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp filament must be such that the colour temperature is 2 856 K ± 50 K. The voltage must be stabilised within ± 1/1 000. The instrument used to check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.

4.1.4. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length, ƒ, of at least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens must not exceed ƒ/20. The distance between the lens and the light source is adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 mm ± 1 mm. This diaphragm must be situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source.

4.1.5. Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 5), consisting of a photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 to 250 mm in diameter. The sphere is equipped with entrance and exit ports for the light. The entrance port must be circular and have a diameter at least twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere is provided with either a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedure as described in point 4.4.3 below. The light trap absorbs all the light when no test piece is inserted in the light beam. The axis of the light beam must pass through the centre of the entrance and exit ports. The diameter, b, of the light-exit port must be equal to 2a · tan 4°, where a is the diameter of the sphere. The photoelectric cell must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard. The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance standard must be of substantially equal reflectance and matt and non-selective. The output of the photoelectric cell must be linear within ± 2 % over the range of luminous intensities used. The design of the instrument must be such that there is no galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark. The whole apparatus must be checked at regular intervals by means of calibration standards of defined haze. If haze measurements are made using equipment or methods differing from those defined above, the results must be corrected, if necessary, to bring them into agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above. Figure 5 — Hazamenter

4.2. Test conditions

4.2.1. Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

4.2.2. Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

4.2.3. Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

4.3. Test pieces

The test pieces must be flat squares whose sides measure 100 mm having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel and if necessary having a fixing hole 6,4 + 0,2/– 0 mm in diameter drilled in the centre.

4.4. Procedure

The abrasion test is carried out on that surface of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle and also on the inward face in the case of a glass pane with a plastic coating.

4.4.1. Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces in the following manner: (a) wipe with a linen cloth under clean running water; (b) rinse with distilled or demineralised water; (c) blow dry with oxygen or nitrogen; (d) remove possible traces of water by dabbing softly with a damp linen cloth. If necessary, dry by pressing lightly between two linen cloths. Any treatment with ultrasonic equipment must be avoided. After cleaning, the test pieces must be handled only by their edges and stored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces.

4.4.2. Condition the test pieces for a minimum time of 48 hours at a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 20 %.

4.4.3. Immediately place the test piece against the entrance port of the integrating sphere. The angle between the normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the test piece and the axis of the beam must not exceed 8°. Take four readings as indicated in the following table:



Reading With test piece With light trap With reflectance standard Quantity represented T1 No No Yes Incident light T2 Yes No Yes Total light transmitted by test piece T3 No Yes No Light scattered by instrument T4 Yes Yes No Light scattered by instrument and test piece Repeat readings T1, T2, T3 and T4 with other specified positions of the test piece to determine uniformity. Calculate the total transmittance Tt = T2/T1. Calculate the diffuse transmittance Td as follows: Td = (T4 – T3(T2/T1))/T1 Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows: (Td/Tt) × 100 % Measure the initial haze of the test