2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COMMISSIONDECISIONNo283/2000/ECSC
of4February2000
imposingadefinitiveanti-dumpingdutyonimportsofcertainflatrolledproductsofironornon-
alloysteel,ofawidthof600mmormore,notclad,platedorcoated,incoils,notfurtherworkedthanhot-rolled, originatinginBulgaria, India,SouthAfrica, TaiwanandtheFederal RepublicofYugoslavia and accepting undertakings offered by certain exporting producers and terminating
theproceedingconcerningimportsoriginatinginIran
(OJ L 31, 5.2.2000, p. 15)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Decision No 2009/2000/ECSC of 22 September 2000 L 240 12 23.9.2000
►M2Commission Decision No 1357/2001/ECSC of 4 July 2001 L 182 27 5.7.2001
►M3Commission Decision No 841/2002/ECSC of 21 May 2002 L 134 11 22.5.2002
►M4Commission Decision No 1043/2002/ECSC of 14 June 2002 L 157 45 15.6.2002
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 119, 20.5.2000, p. 39 (2000/283/EC)
▼B
COMMISSIONDECISIONNo283/2000/ECSC
of4February2000
imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain flat
rolled productsofironornon-alloysteel, ofawidthof600mmormore, not clad, plated or coated, in coils, not further worked thanhot-rolled,originatinginBulgaria,India,SouthAfrica,Taiwanand
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and accepting undertakings
offered by certain exporting producers and terminating the
proceedingconcerningimportsoriginatinginIran
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Coal and SteelCommunity,
Having regard to Commission Decision No 2277/96/ECSC of 28
November 1996 on protection against dumped imports from countries
not members of the European Coal and Steel Community(
1), as
amended by Commission Decision No 1000/99/ECSC(2), and in parti-
cular Articles 8 and 9 thereof,
After consulting the Advisory Committee,Whereas:
A.PROCEDURE
1.Initiation
(1)On 7 January 1999, the Commission announced by means of a
notice (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Notice of Initiation’)published in the Official Journal of the European Commu-
nities(
3) the initiation of an anti-dumping proceeding with
regard to imports into the Community of certain flat rolled
products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm ormore, not clad, plated or coated, in coils, not further workedthan hot-rolled, originating in Bulgaria, India, Iran, South Africa,Taiwan and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter
referred to as ‘Yugoslavia’).
(2)The proceeding was initiated as a result of a complaint lodged
by Eurofer on behalf of Community producers representing amajor proportion of the total Community production of the
product concerned within the meaning of Articles 4(1) and 5(4)
of Commission Decision (EC) No 2277/96/ECSC, hereinafterreferred to as the ‘Basic Decision’. The complaint containedevidence of dumping of the product concerned and of materialinjury resulting therefrom, which was considered sufficient tojustify the initiation of a proceeding.
2.Investigation
(3)The Commission officially advised the exporting producers in
the exporting countries (hereinafter referred to as the ‘exportingproducers’) and importers as well as their representative associa-tions known to be concerned, the representatives of the exportingcountries and the complaining Community producers of the
initiation of the proceeding. The Commission sent questionnaires
to all these parties and to those who made themselves knownwithin the time limit set in the Notice of Initiation. Pursuant toArticle 6(5) of the Basic Decision, the Commission also gave theparties directly concerned the opportunity to make their viewsknown in writing and to request a hearing.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 2
(1) OJ L 308, 29.11.1996, p. 11.
(2) OJ L 122, 12.5.1999, p. 35.
(3) OJ C 4, 7.1.1999, p. 3.
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(4)Certain exporting producers, complaining Community producers
and importers submitted comments in writing.
All interested parties who requested a hearing within the time
limit set and who indicated that they were likely to be affectedby the result of the proceeding and that there were particularreasons why they should be heard, were granted such a hearing.
(5)All parties were informed of the essential facts and considera-tions on the basis of which it was intended to recommend
(i) the imposition of definitive anti-dumping duties on imports
from Bulgaria, India, South Africa, Taiwan and Yugoslavia,
(ii)►
C1the acceptance of undertakings offered by certain
exporting producers and ◄
(iii) the termination of the proceeding against imports from Iran.
In accordance with the provisions of Article 20 of the Basic
Decision parties were also granted a period within which they
could make representations subsequent to this disclosure.
(6)The oral and written comments submitted by the parties were
considered and, where appropriate, the definitive findings have
been modified accordingly.
(7)The Commission sought and verified all the information itdeemed necessary for the purpose of a definitive determination.
Verification visits were carried out at the premises of the
following companies:
—Complaining Community producers:
— Aceralia Corporacion Sid., Madrid, Spain
— British Steel Plc, London, United Kingdom— Cockerill Sambre SA, Brussels, Belgium— Hoogovens Steel BV, IJmuiden, Netherlands— ILVA Spa, Genoa, Italy
— Sidmar NV, Gent, Belgium
— Salzgitter AG, Salzgitter, Germany— Stahlwerke Bremen GmbH, Bremen, Germany— SOLLAC, Paris, France— Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, Duisburg, Germany
—Exporting producers:
(a) Bulgaria
Kremikovtzi Corp, Sofia
(b) India
Essar Steel Ltd, Hazira
Tata Iron & Steel Company Ltd, Calcutta
Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi
(c) Iran
Mobarakeh Steel Company, Esfahan
(d) South Africa
Iscor Ltd, Pretoria
Highveld Steel & Vanadium CorpLtd, Witbank
(e) Taiwan
China Steel Corp, Kaohsiung
Yieh Loong Enterprise Co., Ltd, Kaoshiung
(f) Yugoslavia
In view of the particular situation in Yugoslavia, no
investigation was carried out at the premises of Sartid2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 3
▼B
a.d., the only exporting producer in that country that
made itself known to the Commission.
—Unrelated importer — user company in the Community:
Marcegaglia Spa, Gazoldo degli Ippoliti, Italy
—Importers related to the exporting producers:
(a) Iran: Ascotec GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
Irasco s.r.l., Genova, ItalyTara Steel Trading GmbH, Düsseldorf,
Germany
Unitech Steel (UK) Ltd, London, United
Kingdom
(b) South Africa: Macsteel International UK Ltd, London,
United Kingdom
Macsteel International Belgium NV,
Antwerpen, Belgium
Macsteel International Stahlhandel
GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
(8)The investigation of dumping covered the period from 1 January
1998 to 31 December 1998 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘inves-
tigation period’). The examination of injury covered the periodfrom 1 January 1995 upto the end of the dump ing investigationperiod (hereinafter also referred to as the ‘period examined’).
B.PRODUCTCONCERNEDANDLIKEPRODUCT
1.Productconcerned
(9)The product concerned is certain flat rolled products of iron or
non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, not clad, platedor coated, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled (herein-after ‘hot-rolled coils’). This product is currently classifiable
within CN codes 7208 10 00, 7208 25 00, 7208 2600,
720827 00, 7208 3600, 7208 37 10, 7208 37 90(
1), 7208 3810,
720838 90, 7208 3910, 7208 39 90.
(10)Hot-rolled coils are generally obtained in steel mills by hotrolling semi-finished steel products after the final rolling passor after pickling or continuous annealing. Hot-rolled coils are
wound into a regular coil.
For steel mills, which produce a great range of flat products of
steel, hot-rolled coils are used as a pre-material for manufac-turing other steel products (wide and narrow strips, all cold
rolled products, tubes, etc.). Hot-rolled coils can be of various
grades and dimensions. The vast majority of imports from thirdcountries into the Community consist of ‘structural steels’ (suchas S235 and S275 according to ‘Euronorm’ EN 10025) and ‘mildsteels’ (such as DD11, DD12, DD13 according to EN 10011 and
the ‘Deutsche Industrie-Norm’ DIN 1614/1). Coils are conven-
tionally between 1.5 and 15 mm thick and from 600 to2050 mm wide. Each of the CN codes listed above correspondsto a specific product type as differentiated by width and thick-ness within the above ranges.
(11)The product concerned is also classified into two distinct cate-gories according to its finishing: black hot-rolled coils2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 4
(1) See corrigendum published in OJ C 27, 2.2.1999, p. 30.
▼B
(hereafter referred to as ‘black coils’) which are the basic
product and pickled hot-rolled coils (hereafter referred to as‘pickled coils’) which, after being hot-rolled, go through an addi-
tional surface treatment called pickling. The distinction between
black coils and pickled coils is also reflected in the structure ofthe combined nomenclature as coils classified under the twocategories belong to specific and separate CN codes.
(12)Although imports from the countries concerned are mainly blackcoils, the investigation showed that imports cover all the CNcodes and thus all the different products listed above. Notwith-standing the fact that each CN code corresponds to adistinguishable type of hot-rolled coil, it was found that they all
have identical or similar physical and technical characteristics,
uses and applications. Accordingly, all types of hot-rolled coilsform one single product falling under the CN code listed inrecital (9) above.
2.Likeproduct
(13)The investigation has shown that the hot-rolled coils imported
from the countries concerned are identical to or comparable to
the Community-produced products, in particular in terms of the
grades and the range of dimensions available.
(14)Some exporting producers claimed that the product concernedwhich they produce and sell is not interchangeable and not
comparable as such with the Community-produced product.
They claimed that the production process of the Communityproducers was more advanced and even used different tech-nology, thus producing a higher quality product. Theymentioned that users sometimes had to re-roll the imported
products before they could be processed further. They therefore
claimed that their product was not a like product to that of thecomplaining Community producers.
(15)Obviously, any difference in the production process resulting insurface or chemical defects may lead to a lower market value.
However, the investigation showed that, in general both the
Community-produced product and the imported product stillhave the same basic physical characteristics and uses, eventhough the products are not identical, in particular in terms ofquality, across suppliers and across shipments of a given
supplier. This, however, cannot lead to the conclusion that hot-
rolled coil imported from the countries concerned is not a likeproduct to that produced by the Community industry and soldin the Community.
(16)The investigation also showed that the grades and dimensions ofthe product concerned imported from the countries concerned areidentical or comparable to the products sold on the domesticmarket of the countries concerned.
(17)On this basis, it was concluded that hot-rolled coils produced inthe countries concerned and sold on the domestic markets ofthese countries, hot-rolled coils exported to the Communityfrom these countries and hot-rolled coils produced and sold bythe complaining Community producers on the Communitymarket, are alike within the meaning of Article 1(4) of the Basic
Decision.
C.DUMPING
1.NormalValue
(18)In order to establish normal value, it was first determined for
each of the cooperating exporting producers whether the totalvolume of the domestic sales of the product concerned wasrepresentative in accordance with Article 2(2) of the Basic Deci-sion, i.e. whether these sales represented at least 5 % of the salesvolume of the product concerned exported to the Community.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 5
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It was then examined for each exporting producer whether total
domestic sales of each product type constituted 5 % or more ofthe sales volume of the same type exported to the Community.
For those product types meeting the 5 % test, it was established
whether sufficient sales had been made in the ordinary course oftrade in accordance with Article 2(4) of the Basic Decision.
Where, per product type, the weighted average selling price was
equal to or higher than the weighted average unit cost and where
the volume of domestic sales equal to or above unit cost repre-sented at least 80 % of sales, normal value was established onthe basis of the weighted average prices actually paid for alldomestic sales. Otherwise, normal value was established on the
basis of the weighted average prices actually paid for the profit-
able domestic sales only unless, per product type, the volume ofprofitable transactions was lower than 10 % of the sales volume.
(19)For those product types where the volume of domestic sales waslower than 5 % of the volume exported to the Community, orwhere the volume of profitable domestic sales was less than10 %, domestic sales of those product types were consideredinsufficient within the meaning of Article 2(3) of the Basic Deci-
sion and were therefore disregarded. In these cases, normal value
was based on the weighted average of the prices charged byother exporting producers in the country concerned, if they hadrepresentative domestic sales of the corresponding product typemade in the ordinary course of trade in accordance with Article
2(1) of the Basic Decision.
(20)Where, per product type, there were insufficient sales or norepresentative domestic sales by other exporting producers in
the country concerned, normal value was constructed on thebasis of the costs of manufacturing incurred by the exportingproducer concerned for the exported product type in questionplus a reasonable amount for selling, general and administrative(SG&A) costs and profits in accordance with Article 2(3) and (6)
of the Basic Decision. In general, for each exporting producer,
the SG&A were based on its representative domestic sales andthe profit margin based on its representative domestic salesmade in the ordinary course of trade. However, in one case,there was only one cooperating exporting producer in thecountry concerned without representative domestic sales. There-
fore, the weighted average of the SG&A and profit of the other
cooperating exporting producers were used, to the extent thatthese producers had representative sales and sales in the ordinarycourse of trade respectively.
2.Exportprice
(21)Where export sales to the Community were made directly to
independent importers export prices were established on the
basis of the prices actually paid or payable by these importers
in accordance with Article 2(8) of the Basic Decision.
(22)Where export sales were made to importers in the Communitywhich were related to the exporting producer, the export priceswere constructed on the basis of the prices at which the importedproducts were first resold to independent buyers in the Commu-nity, in accordance with Article 2(9) of the Basic Decision.Adjustments were made for all costs incurred between importa-
tion and resale, including a reasonable margin for SG&A plus
profit.
3.Comparison
(23)For the purposes of a fair comparison due allowance, in the form
of adjustments, was made for differences claimed under Article2(10) of the Basic Decision and demonstrated to affect pricecomparability. On this basis, adjustments were made with regardto import charges and indirect taxes, discounts, rebates, trans-2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 6
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port, insurance, handling, loading and ancillary costs, packing,
credit, after-sales costs and commissions.
(24)Two companies in India claimed an allowance for importcharges. Pursuant to Article 2(10)(b) of the Basic Decision these
requests were partially granted to the extent that it was proved
that the materials on which import duties were payable hadbeen physically incorporated into the products concerned soldon the domestic market and that the import duties had not beencollected or refunded in respect of the product exported to theCommunity.
(25)One Indian company requested an adjustment for differences in
quantities on the grounds that the quantities sold per invoice on
the domestic market were smaller than the quantities sold pershipment on the Community market. It was claimed that salesto the Community were made at a lower price due to the largerquantities involved. Since no link was demonstrated withdiscounts or rebates, as required by Article 2(10)(c) of the Basic
Decision, this request had to be rejected.
(26)The two exporting producers in South Africa contended that
various rebate schemes applied to domestic sales of the productconcerned and that the normal value should be reduced accord-ingly. Adjustments could only be made to the extent that theirlink with the sales under investigation was proved.
(27)The exporting producer in Yugoslavia claimed that the value oftheir exports should be calculated using the alleged market
exchange rate. However, as the rate used in the financial
accounts was the official exchange rate and as the companieswere not able to present sufficient evidence demonstrating thatthe correct rate to be used was the market exchange rate, it wasdecided to use the official exchange rate to calculate the exportprice.
4.Dumpingmargins
a)General method
(28)In accordance with Article 2(10) and (11) of the Basic Decision,
the dumping margins were established on the basis of a compar-ison between the weighted average normal value per producttype and the weighted average export price at ex-factory level
for the same product type and at the same level of trade.
(29)For exporting producers concerned by the proceeding who didnot reply to the Commission's questionnaire, did not make them-
selves known or did not supply necessary information during theinvestigation, the dumping margin was determined on the basisof the facts available in accordance with the provisions ofArticle 18(1) of the Basic Decision.
A comparison of Eurostat figures with the data on the volume of
exports to the Community supplied by the cooperating exportingproducers was made in order to establish per exporting countryconcerned the level of cooperation in the current investigation.As a result, for all countries subject to investigation, with the
exception of Taiwan, it was found that the overall level of coop-
eration was high. The Commission therefore considered itappropriate to set the dumping margin for the non cooperatingcompanies at the level of the highest individual dumping marginestablished for a cooperating exporting producer in the country
concerned, since there was no reason to believe that a non coop-
erating exporting producer had dumped at a level lower than thehighest level found. Since for Taiwan the level of cooperationwas found to be low, in fact significantly below 50 %, the levelof the residual dumping margin was set at the level of thehighest quarterly dumping margin found in that country.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 7
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The above approach was also considered necessary in order to
avoid creating a bonus for non-cooperation and an opportunityfor circumvention.
b)Dumping margins per country
(30)The dumping margins, expressed as a percentage of the CIF
price at Community frontier level, are:
(31)Bulgaria
Kremikovtzi Corp27,1 %Residual 27,1 %
(32)India
Essar Steel Ltd 55,8 %Steel Authority of India Ltd 56,3 %Tata Iron & Steel Company Ltd 29,4 %Residual 56,3 %
(33)South Africa
Iscor Ltd 47,8 %Highveld Steel & Vanadium CorpLtd 37,8 %Residual 47,8 %
(34)Taiwan
China Steel Corp ►M17,1 %◄
Yieh Loong Enterprise Co Ltd 2,1 %Residual 30,3 %
(35)Yugoslavia
Sartid a.d. 56,1 %Residual 56,1 %
(36) Iran
As set out in recital (69) below, it was found that the imports
from Iran were below the de minimis threshold foreseen in
Article 5(7) of the Basic Decision. Therefore, it was not consid-ered necessary to carry out a dumping determination withrespect to this country.
D.COMMUNITYINDUSTRY
1.DeterminationoftherelevantCommunitymarket
(37)For the purposes of establishing whether the Community
industry had suffered injury and, in this context, for determiningconsumption and the various economic indicators related to the
situation of the Community industry, it had to be examined
whether production of this industry destined for the captivemarket should be excluded for the purposes of this analysis orwhether injury and consumption should be assessed in relationto the entire production of the Community industry.
(38)There are sixteen producers of hot-rolled coils in the Commu-nity. Around 70 % of the hot-rolled coils manufactured bythese producers are used in a captive market, i.e. they are furthertransformed by these producers in an integrated process (herein-2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 8
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after referred to as ‘captive market’). These hot-rolled coils
follow an internal process of transfers to downstream processingworks, for which no invoices are issued since the transfers occur
within the same legal entity. The remaining production (herein-
after referred to as ‘free market’) is sold to both related andunrelated parties.
(39)In this respect, the complainant claimed that two separatemarkets should be distinguished. It claimed that the hot-rolled
coils destined for a captive market were not in direct competition
with dumped imports. Consequently, the imports subject toinvestigation could not affect this market. In parallel, thecomplainant has claimed that the remaining production wassold on the free market where competition with dumped imports
takes place. The main purchasers on the free market are indepen-
dent cold-rolling mills such as tube makers, steel service centres(hereinafter referred to as ‘SSC's’), steel merchants and stock-holders. Only the hot-rolled coils sold on the free market aresubject to the complaint.
(40)Exporting producers and importers of hot-rolled coils onto the
Community market claimed that the definition of the product
concerned and the like product covered all hot-rolled coils.They claimed in particular that there was no clear separationbetween the captive and free markets and that the definition ofthe free market made by the complainant was arbitrary. They
therefore requested that the assessment of the Community
market should include the captive market and the free markettaken together.
(41)In support of this claim, reference was made to the Gimelec
judgment(1) of the European Court of Justice. They stated that
in the above-mentioned ruling, the Court referred to the
following factors to rule out the existence of two separatemarkets:
— the product concerned was sold on the same market and used
for the same purposes;
— the Community producers sold the product concerned both to
related and unrelated customers and charged more or less thesame price;
— companies on the downstream market used to buy the
product concerned not only from related Communitysuppliers but also from importers or other unrelated produ-cers.
(42)Some exporting producers claimed that, in the light of the above
judgement, the legal conditions to separate the markets were not
met in the present case. They considered that Community produ-cers could choose, depending on market conditions, to sellalternatively to the free and captive markets since Communityproduction of the two categories of hot-rolled coils is alike. Itwas claimed that the alleged movements between the two
segments of the market legally prevented the exclusion of part
of Community production from the examination of injury, andin particular from Community consumption.
(43)In this respect the Commission made the following findings:
(a) Given the high level of integration existing in the steel
industry in general and in the production of the productconcerned in particular, the Community producers of the
product concerned merely physically transferred, without
invoicing, hot-rolled coils intended for the captive market.No invoices were issued since the parties involved did nothave separate legal identities. As a result, there were, withinthe captive market, no prices for transfers comparable tothose in the free market.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 9
(1) Case No C-315-90 of 27.11.1991
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(b) The Community industry did not produce for stockpiling
hot-rolled coils which could subsequently be delivered eitherfor captive use or sold on the free market. This is because all
users of hot-rolled coils, including the integrated processes
of the Community industry, have technical constraints forthe production of downstream products. As a result, move-ments, if any, of hot-rolled coils between the two marketsare insignificant.
(c) The investigation showed that the integrated Community
producers did not purchase the product concerned for thecaptive market from independent parties inside or outside ofthe Community. As a result hot-rolled coils intended for the
captive market were not in competition with other hot-rolled
coils available in the Community. Consequently, the captivemarket can clearly be distinguished from the free market.
(44)On this basis the Commission considers that the separationbetween the free and the captive market is fully in line with therequirements of the Basic Decision and the Community institu-tions past practice.
(45)For the purposes of establishing the economic indicators relevantfor the injury analysis such as development of sales, profitability,etc., the Commission considered whether sales from Communityproducers to related parties having separate legal entities, should
in general be included in the determination of the free market. It
was found that such sales were made at more or less the sameprices as those charged to independent parties. In addition, inline with claims by certain exporting producers the investigationhas confirmed that these related parties are free to source theirpurchases from either related or unrelated suppliers in or outside
the Community. Consequently, it was concluded that sales from
Community producers to related parties having separate legalentities were in competition with sales from independentsuppliers such as those located in the countries concerned andthat these sales should therefore be included in the determination
of sales in the free market.
(46)One Community producer claimed, however, that its sales to
related parties should be considered as belonging to the captive
market. It was argued that the prices invoiced to its related
parties were not the market prices and were significantlydifferent from those applied to independent customers. Theproducer added that the parent company did not allow anyrelated parties to purchase hot-rolled coils from independentparties on the free market. Consequently, hot-rolled coils sold
to related parties were not affected by any direct competition
from other hot-rolled coils. They should therefore be excludedfrom the determination of the free market.
(47)The investigation confirmed that the policy of that group was notto allow its related parties to purchase hot-rolled coils on thefree market. Furthermore, the analysis of sales prices showedthat the prices invoiced to these related parties were in manyinstances significantly different from market prices charged toindependent parties. Moreover, all the sales were made to related
users who used the products captively without reselling them
onwards, as such. Consequently, the Commission concludedthat the sales of the hot-rolled coils concerned could not beconsidered as being sold on the free market and should thereforenot be included in the determination of the free market.
(48)In conclusion, hot-rolled coils used by Community producers aspre-material for further transformation in an integrated processwithin one single legal entity were considered to be part of a
captive market. The same applies to sales by the aforementioned
Community producer who could demonstrate that its sales to arelated customer did indeed belong to a captive market. All othersales of the producers in the Community were considered to bepart of the free market. Consequently, the situation of theCommunity industry in terms of the development of the various2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 10
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economic indicators such as production, sales, market share and
profitability was examined with respect to the free market.
(49)It should be noted that the above findings regarding the separa-tion and the determination of the above markets are reflected inthe data collected in the framework of the ECSC Treaty, in parti-cular for the surveillance of the steel markets. Indeed, such datadifferentiates the use of the hot-rolled coils basically along thesame lines.
2.DefinitionoftheCommunityindustry
a)Total Community production
(50)Several exporting producers claimed that a number of producers
in the Community should be excluded from the definition ofCommunity production given that they had imported hot-rolledcoils from the countries concerned.
(51)The Commission found that none of the producers investigatedhad imported hot-rolled coils from the countries concernedduring the period examined. However, certain SSC's and tubeproducers related to these Community producers had made suchimports during that period.
(52)In line with the findings on the definition of the relevantCommunity markets outlined in recitals (37) to (49), the investi-gation confirmed, however, that these related parties had actedindependently from the producers related to them in their opera-tions on the free market. Consequently, the purchases could notaffect the status of the said companies as Community producers
of the product concerned.
(53)Accordingly, it was considered that there were no grounds for
excluding any producers from the definition of Communityproduction of hot-rolled coils. In accordance with Article 4(1)of the Basic Decision all sixteen producers operating in the
Community market represent total Community production.
b)Community industry
(54)The complaint was lodged on behalf of eleven out of the sixteen
Community producers of hot-rolled coils while the remaining
five supported the complaint.
(55)The Commission received ten replies to questionnaires from thecomplainant Community producers. One small producer decidednot to provide the Commission with a response.
(56)Two of the ten Community producers that replied to theCommission's questionnaire, were unable to provide all datarequested during the investigation in a format which would allowits aggregation with the data available for the other Communityproducers.
(57)Some exporting producers claimed that at least one Communityproducer included in the definition of the Community industryset out above received preferential treatment in relation to therequirements imposed on interested parties during anti-dumpinginvestigations. In particular they argued that the said Communityproducer did not provide the Commission with a reply to its
questionnaire within the statutory deadlines for the imposition
of provisional duties. They considered that this constitutes discri-minatory treatment and violates Article 6(2) of the BasicDecision.
(58)It should be noted that all the Community producers included in
the definition of the Community industry replied to the Commis-
sion's questionnaire within the deadlines set forth in the BasicDecision and therefore within the deadline for the imposition ofprovisional measures. The Commission considers that all inter-ested parties in the present proceeding in similar situation weregiven equal treatment. Consequently, any claims suggesting an2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 11
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infringement to Article 6(2) of the Basic Decision and discrimi-
natory treatment by the Commission are not founded.
(59)In conclusion, the eight Community producers having fullycooperated in the investigation make up the Community industryfor the purposes of this proceeding and they accounted for
around 65 % of the total Community production of the product
concerned.
(60)These producers are accordingly considered as the Communityindustry and are referred to as such hereinafter as they representa major proportion of total Community production within themeaning of Article 4(1) of the Basic Decision.
E.INJURY
1.Apparentconsumption
(61)Apparent consumption of hot-rolled coils in the Community was
established on the basis of the total sales made by the 16
Community producers on the free market and total imports of
the product concerned into the Community as indicated in theEurostat import statistics and the exporting producers' replies tothe questionnaires.
(62)From 1995 up to the investigation period, apparent consumptionin the Community increased by 9 %, namely from 18,4 milliontonnes to 20,1 million tonnes. In 1995 the free market was char-acterised by exceptionally high sales prices and good demand,
particularly for Community-produced hot-rolled coils. The
following year, however, the volume of the market decreasedby 11 %.
(63)Between 1996 and the investigation period, apparent consump-tion increased steadily. The main growth occurred between1996 and 1997 when the market increased by 22 %. Between1997 and the investigation period, it increased by only 0,4 %.
2.Importsfromthecountriesconcerned
a)Negligible imports
(64)Based on the provisions of Articles 3(4) and 5(7) of the Basic
Decision, the assessment of whether or not imports were negli-
gible was made in relation to apparent consumption of theproduct concerned on the Community market.
(65)On the basis of Eurostat statistics imports originating in threeexporting countries, namely India, Iran and South Africa, wereslightly above the 1 % threshold foreseen in Article 5(7) of theBasic Decision.
(66)Iran claimed that it was inappropriate to use Eurostat statistics inassessing its market share given that an on-the-spot investigationcarried out at the premises of the only exporting producer oper-
ating in that country confirmed significantly lower export
volumes to the Community. Accordingly, as was the case inpast proceedings, they argued that the Commission should assessthe Iranian market share on the basis of the findings made duringits on-the-spot investigation.
(67)India and South Africa contested the determination of apparentconsumption, claiming that their imports were negligible andthat they should, like Iran, be excluded from the scope of the
investigation.
(68)As mentioned above, it was found that on the basis of Eurostatimport statistics the market share held by Iran was just above the
de minimis threshold, namely 1,2 %. However, it was also found
that these statistics conflicted with the information collected andverified during the Commission on-the-spot verification for theonly exporting producer in Iran. Accordingly, the Eurostat Statis-tics were thus not considered sufficiently precise to base the2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 12
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assessment of the market share held by that country exclusively
on them. These statistics were therefore also compared with theinformation available from interested parties in the proceeding,
notably the only exporting producer in Iran and its related
importers based in the Community. This comparison waspossible and particularly relevant in the present case becauseonly one producer operated in Iran. As this producer and itsrelated companies based in the Community cooperated fully in
the proceeding it was possible to verify his claim by a straight-
forward comparison between the verified export transactions andEurostat. This verification and comparison established exportlevels from Iran significantly below the de minimis threshold
and concluded that any difference between the company's infor-mation and Eurostat's was not a result of exports to the
Community from Iran via other third countries.
(69)Under these circumstances it was considered prudent that in
order to establish the market share held by Iran, duly verified
data should be used. Accordingly, it is concluded that exports
from Iran are below the de minimis threshold, that any injury
from imports originating in Iran could only be negligible andthat the proceeding should be terminated with respect to Iran.
(70)With respect to the claim by the Indian and South Africanexporting producers the evidence submitted provided no groundsfor considering their imports into the Community as negligible,in particular given the methodology used to determine the rele-vant Community market set out in recitals (37) to (49) above.
Indeed, unlike in the case of Iran, the relevant Eurostat informa-
tion and the replies to the Commission's questionnaire did notshow imports below the de minimis threshold. Consequently,
the imports from India and South Africa were considered to beabove the de minimis threshold set out in Articles 3(4) and 5(7)
of the Basic Decision.
b)Cumulative assessment of imports
(71)The Commission considered whether imports of hot-rolled coils
originating in Bulgaria, India, South Africa Taiwan and Yugo-slavia should be assessed cumulatively in accordance withArticle 3(4) of the Basic Decision.
(72)It was therefore examined whether all criteria were met to cumu-late imports from the countries concerned. The results of theexamination showed that:
— the margin of dumping relating to each country, as shown
above, was more than de minimis ;
— the volume of imports from each country was not negligible
when compared to Community consumption;
— the analysis of the conditions of competition between
imported hot-rolled coils and the conditions of competitionbetween imported hot-rolled coils and the like Communityproduct also indicated that imports from the countries
concerned should be cumulated. Indeed, the exporting coun-
tries concerned mainly sold hot-rolled coils on the freeCommunity market directly to unrelated customers, such ascold rolling mills, tube makers, SSC's and steel merchants.Hot-rolled coils were also imported via related sales compa-nies, which subsequently sold the product concerned to the
same categories of customers mentioned above. The investi-
gation showed that the Community industry was selling thelike product through the same sales channels and to thesame categories of customers. Finally, it was found that asimilar pricing policy was followed for all these sales.
(73)Accordingly, contrary to the suggestion made by some exportingproducers, the Commission concluded that all conditions justi-fying the cumulation of the imports from the above-mentionedcountries were met.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 13
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c)Volume of the imports concerned
(74)Based on Eurostat import statistics, between 1995 and the inves-
tigation period, the volume of imports into the Community fromthe countries concerned increased by 229 %, namely from 0,65million tonnes to 2,14 million tonnes. The increase of imports
between 1995 and 1996 was very limited (+ 0,10 million
tonnes). The main increase occurred between 1997 and theinvestigation period (+ 1,26 million tonnes).
(75)The analysis of the developments during the investigation periodindicated that imports from all the countries concerned weremade mainly during the first half of the investigation period(1,3 million tonnes); they subsequently dropped by 42 % in thesecond half of the investigation period but were still significantlyhigher than in the second half of 1997.
(76)As already mentioned in recital (11) above, the various types ofhot-rolled coils are commonly classified into two distinct cate-gories: black coils and pickled coils. The investigation showed
that black coils covered around 90 % of all hot-rolled coils
imported from the countries concerned.
d)Market share of imports
(77)The market share held by the exporting producers increased from
3,5 % to 10,7 % between 1995 and the investigation period. The
actual increases in import volume thus allowed the countriesconcerned to gain 7,2 percentage points of the share of theCommunity market.
(78)The main increases in market share occurred between 1997 andthe investigation period, when the countries concerned gained6,3-percentage points market share.
e)Price undercutting
(79)In order to evaluate any possible price undercutting, prices of
comparable types of hot-rolled coils were, as far as possible,compared under similar sales conditions on the Communitymarket, in the same Member State and to the same customers.The prices of the exporting producer free at Community frontier
were compared with the Community industry's ex-factory prices.
Where necessary, exporting countries' sales prices were adjustedto a free at Community-frontier level, customs duty paid andincluding relevant import costs. Similarly, these prices werealso adjusted to ensure comparison at the same level of trade as
that of the Community industry. All adjustments were based on
the evidence collected and verified by the Commission duringthe investigation.
(80)As already mentioned in recital (14) some exporting producerssuggested that the hot-rolled coils they produced and sold onthe Community market were not of a comparable quality to thatof the Community industry. One exporting producer claimed thatunlike the Community industry's production process, theirproducts were not produced through continuous casting and this
caused chemical and surface defects which lower the yield when
the coils are processed further. In addition, the fact that they donot have an automatic ‘coiler’ leads to thickness and widthvariations, and thus to a poorer quality. They submitted evidenceto this effect and consequently requested a price adjustment for
differences in quality in the context of the price comparisons
which were made in determining price undercutting.
(81)The Commission found that, in general, a price adjustment for
differences in quality was not justified, particularly as such
differences were not apparent to users, and as it emerged fromthe investigation that any alleged difference in quality does notnecessarily affect the use of the product concerned. For oneparticular exporting producer, however, the evidence providedindicated that the requested quality adjustment was partly justi-2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 14
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fied. Although a detailed investigation of the level of the adjust-
ment requested revealed that the claim was overestimated, basedon the evidence available half of the requested adjustment could
be granted.
(82)Accordingly, the results of the price comparison expressed as a
percentage of Community industry prices are as follows:
— Bulgaria: 6,8 %
— India: 6,7 %
— ESSAR: 6,1 %
— Tata: 6,1 % and— SAIL: 19,1 %
— South Africa: 5,3 %
— Iscor: 4,9 % and
— Highveld Steel: 27,0 %
— Taiwan: 4,3 %
— Yieh Long: 3,9 % and
— CSC: 7,5 %
— Yugoslavia: 12,4 %
3.Situation of the Community industry between 1995 and
theinvestigationperiod
a)Production
(83)The investigation showed that Community industry's production
peaked at 12,5 million tonnes in 1997. For the remainder of theperiod examined the Community industry's production remainedstable at around 11,4 million tonnes although a fall in consump-tion was observed in 1996. It should be noted that this
production was either sold on the free market or exported to
third countries.
(84)As the production capacity of the Community industry is usedfor hot-rolled coils intended for both the free and the captive
market, it was also considered necessary to analyse information
on such captive production in order to ascertain that any drop inthe production intended for the free market was not due to anincreased need for the captive market.
(85)It was found that between 1995 and the investigation period, thisproduction increased by 2 %, or by around 0,6 million tonnes.This indicated a relatively stable captive production. As regardsthe trends in captive production between 1997 and the investiga-tion period, these were similar to those observed above for the
production intended for the free market.
(86)Consequently, the decrease in production intended for the free
market is not due to a greater need for captive production.
b)Capacity and capacity utilisation
(87)It is to be noted that production facilities can be used for
products destined for both the free and the captive markets, aswell as for other products not concerned by this proceeding(including other steel grades and other steel products). Capacityutilisation related to the product concerned has therefore been
established on the basis of the capacities officially declared to
the Commission within the framework of the ECSC Treaty.These capacities are established according to specific parametersand must not be confused with the gross or nameplate capacity.The gross or nameplate capacity is the highest possible capacityachievable without taking into account factors such as the
personnel available, holiday periods, set-up times, maintenance,
etc.
(88)The capacity utilisation rate of the Community industry was87 % between 1995 and the investigation period, except in2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 15
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1997 when the Community industry's production was at its peak
and the rate reached 93 %. At that time, both the consumption ofhot-rolled coils destined for the free market and those destined
for the captive market were high.
(89)The high utilisation rates were found to be normal bearing in
mind that in heavy industry, particularly in the steel industry,high capacity utilisation is necessary to reduce the impact ofthe high fixed costs of production.
c)Orders received and sales volume
i) Orders received
(90)In order to complement the analysis on sales, the development of
the orders received by the Community industry was examined.
For this purpose, the Community industry submitted data which
is also available under the framework of the surveillance of theCommunity steel market under the ECSC Treaty. Although thesedata do not reflect exactly the situation with respect to theproduct concerned but encompassed a slightly broader category
of products, it was found that this aggregation of data could be
considered representative for the situation of the productconcerned. These data showed that 1997 was a year where thelevel of orders was high as compared to the situation foundduring the investigation period. Contrary to the stable develop-ment of the apparent consumption between 1997 and the
investigation period shown above, orders received by the
Community industry declined by 17 % between 1997 and theinvestigation period.
(91)The above finding suggests that the economic activity of theCommunity industry was more regular and evenly spreadthroughout the year 1997 when the volume of orders receiveddeveloped more in line with sales volume. Furthermore, given
the existence of a time lag between orders and deliveries, the
reduction in the orders received indicated a reduction of the levelof the economic activity, which will be examined below.
ii) Sales
(92)During the period examined, the volume of sales slightly
increased from 9,6 million tonnes to 9,7 million tonnes, anincrease of 1 %.
(93)Within that period, the trend in sales volume broadly reflectedthe evolution of consumption. However, between 1997 and the
investigation period, the Community industry's sales decreased
by 12 % while consumption increased slightly.
(94)The Community industry submitted that the injury indicatorconcerning sales set out above has been established on the basisof transactions delivered and invoiced during the periods speci-fied. In this context, it is important to point out that theCommunity industry has organised its production process insuch a way that users' orders made on a given date are delivered
and invoiced and thus sold to them, with a time lag of at least
three months. Therefore, in order to make a meaningful assess-ment of the development, which occurred during any givenperiod, not only the actual sales but also the orders receivedduring such a period have to be analysed. It is considered that
any development observed with respect to these orders is bound
to translate into corresponding developments of sales with a timelag thereafter.
iii) Differentiation of type of sales
(95)The Community industry argued that in order to assess the actual
injury it suffered, the development of sales for different types ofhot-rolled coils under investigation, namely black coils ascompared to pickled coils, should be analysed separately. The2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 16
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claim was that given the high share of dumped imported black
coils in total imports, the development of the Communityindustry sales volume and sales prices for that type of coils
would indicate a particularly injurious situation.
(96)Investigation of this particular issue showed that from 1995 up
to the investigation period (1998), the volume of black coils
sold by the Community industry on the free market decreased
by 13 %, whereas the volume of pickled coils sold increased by34 %. In absolute terms, this represents a decrease of around 1million tonnes in sales of black coils and an increase of around0,5 million tonnes in sales of pickled coils.
(97)It also confirmed that the share between the sales of black coilsand pickled coils for the Community industry was more balancedthan that of the exporting producers. From 1995 up to 1997 theshare in sales volume was 70 % of black coils against 30 % of
sales of pickled coils. During the investigation period this share
became 60 % and 40 % respectively for black and pickled coils.This development in total sales clearly shows that during theinvestigation period a shift occurred from black to pickled coils,i.e. from a category of products where imports were morepresent to one were they were less prominent.
d)Price evolution
(98)During the period examined the Community industry's weighted
average sales price decreased by 10 %. In 1995 sales prices wereat their highest for ten years. They continued to follow adecreasing trend until 1997 (- 17 % and - 3 % compared to
1995 and 1996 respectively) but recovered from 1997 up to the
end of the investigation period (+ 9 %).
e)Market share
(99)From 1995 upto the investigation p eriod, the market share held
by the Community industry decreased by 3,7 percentage points,
dropping from 52,0 % in 1995 to 48,3 % in the investigation
period.
(100)Between 1995 and 1996 and between 1996 and 1997 the market
share held by the Community industry increased by 1,1 and 1,8
percentage points respectively.
(101)Between 1997 and the investigation period, however, theCommunity industry lost all the market share previously gained
and fell to a lower level than that in 1995. The losses amounted
to 6,6 percentage points. Further analysis of this situation indi-cated that market share was lost due to a decrease in sales bothto related and unrelated customers on the Community freemarket.
f)Profitability
(102)The average return on sales made by the Community industry
for the product concerned from 1995 up to the investigationperiod decreased by 39 %. The high profits (20,7 %) achievedin 1995 were the result of high prices on the market at that
time. In 1996, despite a downturn in the market and a reduction
in sales prices (- 15 %), the Community industry remained prof-itable. However, the recovery in sales volume in 1997 did notallow that industry to increase its profit margin since its salesprices again decreased by 3 %.
(103)During the investigation period profitability recovered slightlyfrom its 1997 level. The increase in sales prices during theinvestigation period (9 % compared to 1997) allowed theCommunity industry to achieve a profit margin of 12,9 %. The
Community industry claimed that this level of profit was reason-
able.
(104)Some exporting producers suggested that the Communityindustry achieved an extremely high level of profitability during2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 17
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the investigation period and that the development of this indi-
cator alone should have warranted immediate termination of theproceeding. They said that such profit was significantly higher
than that considered reasonable by the Commission in past anti-
dumping cases involving steel products.
(105)In this respect it should be noted that the relevant provisions of
the Basic Decision and the WTO Anti-dumping agreement state
that the determination of injury shall be based on positiveevidence of (a) the volume of dumped imports and the effect ofdumped imports on prices on the Community market for likeproducts; and (b) the consequent impact of those imports on the
Community industry. Moreover, they specify that consideration
shall be given to whether there has been a significant increasein the volume of dumped imports, either in absolute terms orrelative to consumption in the Community. Furthermore, theyalso specify that consideration shall be given to whether therehas been significant price undercutting by dumped imports or
whether the effect of such imports was to depress prices to a
significant degree or to prevent price increases. No one or moreof these factors can necessarily give decisive guidance. Finally,they state that the examination of the impact of dumped importson the domestic industry shall include an evaluation of all the
relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on the
state of the industry, including the magnitude of the actualmargins of dumping, actual and potential decline in sales, profit,output, market share, productivity, utilisation of capacity, factorsaffecting prices, etc. The Basic Decision specifically states thatthis list is not exhaustive, nor can any one or more of these
factors necessarily give decisive guidance.
(106)In the present case, the investigation has shown that imports of
dumped imports have significantly increased in absolute and
relative terms. In addition, low-priced dumped imports were
found to significantly undercut the Community industry's prices.All the above conditions being met, the Commission has evalu-ated the potential and actual developments of a number ofrelevant economic factors in its investigation before reaching itsdefinitive conclusions. Accordingly, it is considered that the
suggestion by some exporting producers that only the level of
profitability should have warranted the termination of theproceeding is clearly against the provisions of the Basic Deci-sion.
(107)Furthermore, the economic situation of the Community industryduring the investigation period, in particular its price and profit-ability situation, must be seen in the light of the structure of thehot-rolled coils market and the developments that occurred in the
economic situation of the Community industry during the inves-
tigation period, as set out in point 4 below.
(108)Finally, it is considered that the comparison of a specificeconomic indicator pertaining to the Community industry with
the same economic indicator worldwide level is not relevant in
the context of anti-dumping proceedings.
g)Investments and employment
(109)The investigation showed that investments were made mainly in
the replacement of machinery and equipment. During the inves-
tigation period, the level of investment was similar to the 1995level. Investments were increased by 32 % as compared to 1995,consistent with the high demand in 1997.
(110)As regards employment, the Community industry manufacturesvarious products on the same site and with the same machinery,notably hot-rolled coils. The investigation showed that duringthe period examined employment for the production of theproduct concerned decreased by 4 %.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 18
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h)Summary of the situation of the Community industry between
1995 and the investigation period
(111)Some exporting producers claimed that a determination of injuryduring the investigation period could not be carried out on thebasis of a comparison of the situation of the Community industryestablished in the years 1995 and 1997. They found that, in
particular, price and profitability levels in 1995, production,
capacity utilisation, sales volume and market share levels in1997 were not representative of what their levels should beunder conditions of fair competition. They thus argued that onthe basis of the other findings over the entire period examined,
it could not reasonably be concluded that the Community
industry suffered material injury.
(112)In this respect it should be noted that, in the above claim, inter-ested parties have not stated in which respect some economic
indicators established in 1995 and 1997 could not be considered
representative. They merely stated that prices and profits in 1995and production, capacity utilisation, sales volume and marketshare were not representative. In other words, the above claimsuggests that a significant part of the data established during
the investigation carried out by the Commission should be disre-
garded in the present proceeding without any evidence orexplanations indicating that the conditions of normal competitionwere not met in 1995 and 1997. Given that during its investiga-tion the Commission found no evidence to corroborate theallegation that normal competition was not taking place on the
Community market during the years 1995 and 1997, it is consid-
ered that there are no grounds to disregard such information.
(113)The Commission thus examined the developments of the
economic situation of the Community industry within the period
examined, and its overall economic situation between 1995 andthe investigation period, on a yearly basis.
(114)The investigation showed that between 1997 and the investiga-
tion period, with a slight increase in apparent consumption, the
Community industry increased its sales prices by 9 % but wasnot able to maintain its sales volume, which decreased by 12 %.Accordingly, the Community industry lost 6,6 percentage pointsor 14 % of market share. Furthermore, the Community industry
production decreased by 9 %, leading also to a reduced capacity
utilisation. Despite these negative developments profitabilityincreased from 6,3 % to 12,9 %.
(115)The investigation also showed that between 1997 and the inves-
tigation period imports from the countries concerned increased
significantly in terms of volume (+ 143 %), leading to adoubling of their market share (+ 6,3 percentage points).Although the countries concerned increased their sales prices by7 % they were nevertheless found to be undercutting the prices
of the Community industry by 8 % on average during the inves-
tigation period.
4.Analysis of the situation of the Community industry
duringtheinvestigationperiod
a)Preliminary remarks
(116)The Community industry claimed that prices and thus profits
remained at a high level in the first half of the investigation
period because apparent consumption and therefore demand was
exceptionally high, even though it was not matched by acommensurate actual consumption. This led, in the first half ofthe investigation period, to an overstocking which was largelyfed by the imports concerned, and, in the second half of the
investigation period, to a significant de-stocking.
(117)Furthermore, the Community industry indicated that a more
refined analysis of sales by product types and sales channels forwhich there is head-on competition between the Community2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 19
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industry and imports would be necessary in the present case to
show the full extent of the injury suffered. This entails a differ-entiated analysis of sales of black as opposed to pickled coils,
and sales channels where longer-term contracts are concluded
as opposed to other sales.
(118)Finally, the Community industry claimed that a more detailed
analysis of the four quarters of the investigation period was
necessary given the existence of a time lag between ordersplaced by purchasers and deliveries made to them. It wasclaimed that such time lags effectively delayed the negativeimpact of the imports concerned. The Community industry
claimed that it was therefore necessary to further investigate the
development of orders received during the investigation period.
(119)All operators on the steel market agreed that business is mainly
carried out on a quarterly basis. Production is organised on the
basis of quarterly plans and prices. Both orders and deliveriesare negotiated accordingly. Therefore, the suggestion made bysome exporting producers that the partitioning of the investiga-tion period, in particular into quarters, did not constitute anobjective evaluation of the possible injury suffered by the
Community industry was not founded. The above claims of the
Community industry have therefore been investigated andanalysed as set out below.
(120)In order to have an overview of the cyclical nature of theactivity of the Community industry and to cross check the quar-terly developments of its economic situation, the Commissionalso collected quarterly data for the period 1996 up to the secondquarter of 1999.
b)Cyclical nature of the steel industry
(121)According to the complainant, there are seasonal fluctuations on
the steel market in that the first two quarters of each calendaryear are normally better than the last two quarters. Such seasonal
fluctuations could mainly be observed in sales activity. Sales
would normally be affected in the third quarter of the year dueto the holiday period in the user industries, but they should pickupagain in the fourth quarter. Given that some of the above alle-gations made by the Community industry required a quarterlyanalysis it was important to ensure that any development
observed did not merely reflect normal quarterly fluctuations.
This analysis was particularly relevant as the complainantalleged that the trends observed within the investigation periodwere far beyond the normal cycles.
(122)For the evaluation of the cyclical nature of the hot-rolled coilbusiness, the Commission found that the trends in productionand sales for the Community industry from 1996 upto the inves-tigation period were as follows:
(%)
1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter
Production
— 1996 93 97 95 100
— 1997 97 100 97 97
— IP (1998) 100 94 77 70
Sales volume
— 1996 87 90 91 100
— 1997 97 100 97 97
— IP (1998) 100 87 68 61
Sales value
— 1996 100 96 89 942000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 20
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(%)
1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter
— 1997 95 100 99 98
— IP (1998) 100 88 63 51
(123)With regard to production, it was found that the third quarter did
not necessarily show the lowest level of activity. In 1996 and1997, the greatest difference found was 7 % between the firstand the fourth quarter of 1996 and the trend in production was
linear in those years. During the investigation period however
the levels of production in the third and in the fourth quarterwere far lower when compared to the first quarter, indicatingthat the fluctuations observed in that period were far beyondthe normal seasonal fluctuations.
(124)Concerning sales volume, the downturn observed in the third andfourth quarters was even more pronounced during the investiga-tion period. Sales activity in the second half of the investigationperiod was exceptionally low and far beyond the normalseasonal fluctuations.
(125)The above quarterly analysis covering the years 1996 and 1997as well as the investigation period, shows that the trendsobserved during this latter period are far beyond the normal fluc-tuations linked to the cyclical nature of the hot-rolled coilbusiness.
c)Apparent consumption and overstocking
(126)As indicated in recital (61) above, the development of apparent
consumption on a yearly basis was quite stable, in particular
between 1997 and the investigation period. It should be under-
lined that apparent consumption, by definition, does not reflectactual use, i.e. actual consumption of the product concerned byits users. The difference between apparent consumption andactual consumption is basically the quantity of stocks kept atvarious levels of the distribution chain, i.e. in the present case
by importers, traders, dealers, SSCs and users.
(127)The examination of this particular issue showed that apparent
consumption was significantly higher in the first two quarters ofthe investigation period than in the last two quarters. In addition,the comparatively steady development in apparent consumption
found throughout 1997 did not occur during the investigation
period. This difference in trends was particularly obvious whencomparing the end of 1997 and the beginning of the investiga-tion period, as there was a considerable increase in apparentconsumption between these two time periods. This suggests anincrease in stocks, whereas the reverse was true if the fourth
quarter of 1997 is compared with the fourth quarter of the inves-
tigation period, indicating a significant decrease in stocks in thelast two quarters of the investigation period.
(128)As it has been alleged that these stocks played a particularlyimportant role in the development of the market during the
investigation period, it was considered necessary to establish
the quarterly apparent consumption not only for the investigationperiod but also for 1997.
(129)To confirm these findings, the relevant development should alsohave been established for actual consumption. However, its
determination was hampered by the fact that cooperation of the
various relevant interested parties in the distribution chain and atuser level was not complete. Nevertheless, the Commission wasable to establish the stocks held at trader's level on the basis ofEurostat information gathered in the framework of the ECSCTreaty.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 21
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(130)In line with the above findings on apparent consumption, this
information showed that there was a considerable build-upof
stock at trader level between the end of 1997 and the beginningof the investigation period. An increase of 29 % between fourthquarter 1997 and first quarter of the investigation period and afurther increase of 11 % between the first quarter of the investi-gation period and the second quarter of the investigation period
were observed.
(131)This information also confirmed a considerable decrease in
stocks towards the end of the investigation period (- 22 %). The
use of stocks became clear when comparing the level of stocks
at the end of both the first and second semesters of the investi-gation period. A comparison of the quarterly development ofstocks in 1997 with the quarterly development during the inves-tigation period also confirms the above findings.
(132)This trend of overstocking in the first two quarters of the inves-tigation period was confirmed in a submission received by anexporting producer under investigation and by the informationfrom a major user of the product concerned on the Community
market. This user held stocks which in the middle of the investi-
gation period were more than double those held at the beginningof this period, while there was no indication of a significantdifference in the underlying activity between the beginning andthe end of the investigation period by this user.
(133)The investigation thus confirmed the Community industry'sclaim that considerable overstocking occurred at the beginningof the investigation period. In the first two quarters of the inves-
tigation period apparent consumption was significantly higher
than actual consumption, while for the third and fourth quartersof the investigation period the difference was reversed.
(134)In absolute terms, it was found that apparent consumption duringthe first half of the investigation period exceeded apparentconsumption in the first half of 1997 by around 1,5 milliontonnes.
(135)Some interested parties claimed that the Community industrylargely contributed to the overstocking observed during the firsthalf of the investigation period. In this respect it should be notedthat, as shown below, the Community industry's sales started todecline right from the beginning of the investigation period. This
suggests that the Community industry did not play an important
role in feeding the overstocking observed.
d)Production and capacity utilisation
(136)On a quarterly basis, production decreased by 23 % in the third
quarter and by 30 % in the fourth quarter of the investigation
period as compared to the first quarter of the investigationperiod.
(137)In line with the decrease in production, the rate of capacity utili-
sation also decreased by 12 % in the third quarter of the
investigation period and by 17 % in the fourth quarter ascompared to the first quarter of the investigation period.
(138)Similarly, it was found that production and capacity utilisationwere declining when compared with the relevant quarterlyactivity in 1997. In the third and fourth quarters of the investiga-tion period as compared to the third and fourth quarter of 1997,production decreased by 20 % and 11 % respectively, capacity
utilisation by 12 % and 18 %.
e)Sales volume, sales prices and profitability
i) Sales volume
(139)The Community industry sales volume decreased by 32 % in the
third quarter of the investigation period and by 39 % in thefourth quarter as compared to the first quarter.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 22
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(140)Furthermore, as already mentioned in the year-to-year analysis,
the Community industry claimed that a more refined and differ-
entiated analysis of its various types of sales and sales channelsshould be made, as this would show that the sales competingdirectly with the imports concerned are more affected than othersales. In addition to the differentiation between sales of blackcoils and pickled coils, that industry claimed that a proportion
of its sales were the result of long-term delivery and sales
contracts, concluded, for example, with the automobile industry.These contracts typically cover a period of up to one year,during which delivery quantities and prices are fixed. Theexporting producers concerned do basically not supply the custo-
mers under such contracts.
(141)In order to carry out a detailed analysis the above mentioned
types of sales were grouped and are referred to as ‘long-term’
sales as compared to ‘other’ sales. Similarly, the development
of sales, sales prices and profitability of black and pickled coilsduring the investigation period were also analysed.
(142)The sales volume of long-term sales was much more stablethroughout the quarters of the investigation period than the restof the sales activity. Indeed, the decrease in long-term sales was20 % in the third quarter and 22 % in the fourth quarter ascompared to the first quarter of the investigation period. Thedecrease in other sales was much more pronounced namely
35 % and 43 % in the third and the fourth quarter respectively,
as compared to the first quarter of the investigation period.
(143)The same was true when analysing the sales volume of black
compared to pickled coils. During the investigation period the
volume of pickled coils sold developed in a smoother way thanthat of black coils. The decrease in the sales volume of blackcoil was as high as 39 % in the third quarter and 44 % in thefourth quarter as compared to the first quarter of the investiga-
tion period whereas the decrease in pickled coils was limited to
21 % and 29 % respectively.
ii) Sales prices of the Community industry
(144)During the first two quarters of the investigation period sales
prices of hot-rolled coils were by and large stable, namely at a
level of ECU 306 and 308 per tonne respectively. Subsequentlythey fell down to ECU 286 per tonne during the third quarterand to ECU 254 per tonne during the fourth quarter of the inves-tigation period. Overall this represents a decrease of 17 % duringthe investigation period.
(145)The analysis of prices differentiated by types of sales showedthat prices for long-term sales largely remained stable in the firstthree quarters of the investigation period, only decreasing from
ECU 320 per tonne to ECU 312 per tonne, namely a decrease
of 2 %. The decrease was limited to 10 % when comparing thefirst and the fourth quarter of the investigation period. Bycontrast, prices for other sales had already decreased by 10 %between the first and the third quarter of the investigation periodand by 21 % between the first and the fourth quarter of the
investigation period.
(146)The comparison between the development of prices of black
coils and pickled coils showed that prices of the former
decreased much more than those of the latter. The result of these
differing trends was that prices across categories differed signifi-cantly more at the end of the investigation period than at thebeginning. Indeed, prices for pickled coils, only decreasingfrom ECU 328 per tonne to ECU 316 per tonne, namely a
decrease of 4 %. The decrease was limited to 12 % when
comparing the first and the fourth quarter of the investigationperiod. By contrast, prices for black coils had already decreasedby 10 % between the first and the third quarter and by 22 %between the first and the fourth quarter of the investigationperiod.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 23
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iii) Profitability
(147)On a quarterly basis, it emerged that profitability was very good
during the first half of the investigation period. Given the preci-pitation of price decreases throughout the subsequent quarters,profitability continued to decrease, namely from 16,8 % duringthe first quarter of the investigation period to - 2,6 % in the
fourth quarter.
(148)The differentiation in sales showed significant decreases in prof-
itability from the very start of the investigation period for the
sales of black coils and sales other than the long term sales.
(149)The investigation showed that profitability for the long term
sales was very good in the first half of the investigation period(around 21 %) and remained positive throughout the investiga-
tion period, namely 8 % in the fourth quarter of the
investigation period. Similarly other sales were also profitableat around 16 % in the first half of the investigation period. Inline with the development of demand for hot-rolled coils, itsubsequently collapsed in the third and the fourth quarter of the
investigation period to become negative (- 7 %) in the fourth
quarter of the investigation period.
(150)The same observations were made on profitability differentiatedfor black coils and pickled coils where profitability for both
types was good in the first half of the investigation period.
Subsequently, profitability for pickled coils remained positivethroughout the investigation period (4,5 % in the fourth quarter)whereas profitability in black coils sales significantly decreasedin the third quarter of the investigation period and reached alevel of losses as high as - 16,5 % in the fourth quarter of the
investigation period.
(151)In conclusion, overall sales, prices and profitability all fell
during the investigation period. This trend was significantly less
pronounced for sales made in market segments where fewer
dumped imports were present. In terms of prices and resultingprofitability, the situation of the Community industry remainedrelatively stable during the time in which apparent consumptionboomed. The investigation has also shown that the Communityindustry did not increase its sales volume in line with the
increase in the apparent consumption. By contrast, price levels
and profitability remained at a high level at a time of strongand increasing demand.
(152)The investigation also showed that the purchase prices of majorcost items in the cost of production decreased during the investi-gation period. Notably, the price of iron ore decreased by up to12 % and scrap by up to 40 % and the price of oil dropped tothe level of 1970. Accordingly, the cost of raw materialdecreased limiting the level of the losses incurred, particularly
during the investigation period.
(153)In order to complete the above analysis on sales volume, sales
prices and profitability, it was found that these economic indica-
tors were also declining when compared with the relevant
quarterly activity in 1997. In the third and fourth quarter of theinvestigation period as compared to the third and fourth quarterof 1997, sales volume decreased by 24 % and 27 % respectively,sales prices were 6 % and 19 % lower. As regards profitability,it was found that it was 15 percentage points lower in the fourth
quarter of the IP as compared to the fourth quarter of 1997.
(154)As shown in the chapter below, in assessing the developments in
sales volume, sales prices and profitability it is important to note
that there is a time lag between price negotiation with customers
and invoicing and delivery by the Community industry. Thus,when considering in particular the developments in other salesthe prices applied during the first quarter of the investigationperiod were in fact negotiated during the fourth quarter of 1997and so on.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 24
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f)Time lag between the situation of the Community industry and
the market developments
(155)As already mentioned in the year-to-year analysis above, theCommunity industry alleged that, in assessing its price and prof-itability development, the existence of a time lag between thesales of the goods and price negotiation with customers relatedto such sales should be considered. In practice, it was claimed,the negotiations preceded the sales by at least one quarter.
(156)The investigation has shown that smooth production planning foran effective capacity utilisation resulted in a time lag betweenthe order and the sale. This time lag was indeed found to bearound one quarter. In other words sales in the first quarter ofthe investigation period are the result of orders negotiated and
concluded in the fourth quarter of 1997.
(157)Given the existence of this time lag, the quarterly trend estab-
lished in the orders received by the Community industryshowed a significant decrease during the investigation period.In line with the claim by the Community industry, this negative
trend is pronounced right from the first quarter of the investiga-
tion period compared to the trend determined for sales volumeand production. The volume of the orders received in the secondquarter of the investigation period were 17 % lower than thosereceived in the first quarter. Furthermore, it emerged that a rela-
tively high level of orders was received in the fourth quarter of
1997, corresponding to deliveries/sales effected in the firstquarter of the investigation period.
(158)These findings are thus consistent with the claim by the Commu-nity industry that the relatively positive economic situation
during the first half of the investigation period merely reflects a
healthy level of orders received during the last quarter of 1997and the first quarter of the investigation period, namely whendemand was still high.
g)Conclusion on the situation of the Community industry in the
investigation period
(159)The quarterly analysis indicated that the economic situation ofthe Community industry deteriorated significantly during theinvestigation period, in particular in the second half. This dete-
rioration went far beyond the seasonal fluctuations observed
during the previous years on a quarterly basis.
(160)In particular, it was found that in the third quarter of the investi-gation period as compared to the average activity of the period,all the injury indicators followed a negative trend: production
decreased by 10 %, capacity utilisation by 6 %, sales volume
by 14 %, sales prices by 2,4 % and profitability decreased by2,1 percentage points.
(161)Furthermore, the developments observed during the fourthquarter of the investigation period indicated that the situation of
the Community industry only deteriorated further: as compared
to the average activity of the investigation period, productiondecreased by 18 %, capacity utilisation by 10 %, sales volumeby 22 %, prices by 13 % profitability became negative (- 2,6 %on net turnover), a decrease of 15,5 percentage points.
5.Developmentsaftertheinvestigationperiod
(162)As mentioned above, the overstocking which occurred during the
first half of the investigation period led to a relatively positive
market situation reflected in the good level of prices on the
Community market during this time period. Accordingly profit-ability of the Community industry was still good. However, inview of the fact that this situation was not supported by anunderlying positive development in the user markets but waslikely to lead to negative developments after a certain time lag2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 25
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it was considered necessary also to confirm this scenario by
analysing developments after the end of the investigation period.
(163)As pointed out by some exporting producers it was found that acertain degree of recovery occurred in the volume produced andsold by the Community industry at the beginning of 1999.However, it should be noted that the level of production and
sales were significantly lower than those at the beginning of the
investigation period and those of 1997. In this respect, the inves-tigation showed that the economic situation of the Communityindustry continued to deteriorate after the investigation period,in particular in terms of a decrease in sales price and profit-ability during the two first quarters of 1999.
(164)This confirmed the negative effect of the massive overstockingwhich occurred at the beginning of the investigation period andthe de-stocking which began during the third quarter of theinvestigation period and continued, despite a decrease in actual
imports, throughout the first half of 1999. Apart from the effect
of overstocking, the delay with which the negative developmentof the Community industry occurred was also due to the time lagunder which the Community industry operates with its custo-mers. This is apparent not only from the development of the
injury indicators such as production, sales, prices and profit-
ability, but also from the development of the orders received bythe Community industry.
(165)Some parties have claimed that the imposition of anti-dumping
measures in the present proceeding was unnecessary as the
imports concerned ceased after the investigation period.
(166)The investigation showed that, based on generally available orunverified information, imports, in particular for some of the
countries concerned by the present proceeding, have fallen since
the beginning of the investigation period. However, this is not anunusual phenomenon in anti-dumping investigations as marketparticipants, in particular importers, take into account the factthat investigations require prudent assessment of the market
insofar as they can lead to the imposition of anti-dumping
measures. The reaction of market participants can be more orless pronounced. In any event, taking into account the decreasein imports, which may be limited in time, to justify the non-imposition of anti-dumping measures would allow the exportingproducers concerned to adopt a stop-and-go policy for their
exports. It is considered that this would have highly disruptive
effect on the Community market for any product and thereforecan not in the present circumstances serve as a justification fornot imposing anti-dumping measures.
(167)Finally, it has been claimed that the phenomenon of highimports concentrated in the investigation period was only short-lived. In the meantime market prices in the Community havereached levels which ensure a quick recovery of the economicsituation of the Community industry.
(168)It should be noted that detailed analysis demonstrates thatCommunity industry prices continued to deteriorate and reachedvery low levels during the first two quarters of 1999. This pricedecrease triggered considerable financial losses, which the
Community industry incurred during a considerable period of
time.
6.Conclusiononinjury
(169)On the one hand, the year-to-year analysis of the situation of the
Community industry in the period from 1995 to the investigation
period showed a number of negative developments. In addition,
the quarterly analysis indicated that the economic situation of theCommunity industry significantly deteriorated throughout theinvestigation period. Contrary to the suggestion made by someexporting producers and taking into account the special charac-teristics of the Community market in terms of oversupply and2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 26
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time lag between orders and deliveries these developments are
representative of the economic situation of the Communityindustry during the whole investigation period.
(170)The investigation has also shown that these negative develop-ments continued and even worsened after the end of theinvestigation period, a development which is particularly rele-vant in view of the functioning and the situation of theCommunity market. It has been ascertained that this deteriora-
tion went far beyond the seasonal fluctuations observed in
previous years on a quarterly basis.
(171)To summarise, it was found that, during the third and fourthquarters of the investigation period, all the injury indicatorsfollowed a negative trend compared to the average activity ofthe investigation period: production decreased by 11 % and
18 % respectively, capacity utilisation by 6 % and 10 %, sales
volume by 14 % and 22 %, sales prices were negotiated 2,4 %and 13 % below the average price of the investigation period andprofitability decreased by 2,1 and 15,5 percentage points respec-tively.
(172)Similarly it was found that these economic indicators were also
declining when compared with the relevant quarterly activity in
1997. In the third and fourth quarter of the investigation periodas compared to the third and fourth quarter of 1997: productiondecreased by 20 % and 11 % respectively, capacity utilisation by12 % and 18 %, sales prices were 6 % and 19 % and profit-
ability was positive both in 1997 and during the investigation
period but it was 15 percentage points lower in the fourth quarterof the IP as compared to the fourth quarter of 1997. All thesetrends were confirmed during the two quarters after the investi-gation period.
(173)The investigation then revealed that the above trends would have
been even more negative without specific sales such as those
under long term contracts or those of pickled coils, which areless affected by the imports concerned. The orders received bythe Community industry for delivery in the fourth quarter of theinvestigation period were 31 % lower than those received fordelivery in the first quarter of the investigation period.
(174)On the other hand, the year-to-year analysis has shown thataverage profit rates increased from 1997 to the investigationperiod, reaching a level of 12,9 %. Profits and sales pricesremained stable during the first quarters of the investigationperiod.
(175)Regarding these findings, which could at first sight appear to becontrary to a finding of injury, the investigation has shown thatthey were in line with a high level of apparent consumptionduring the first semester of the investigation period which, theinvestigation has confirmed, was not matched by actualconsumption. As a consequence, the prices and profits of the
Community industry (whose sales did not developin line with
the overstocking) remained stable but were bound to deterioratethereafter in view of the fact that the significant apparentconsumption was not met by a commensurate actual consump-tion. Indeed, during the second part of the investigation period,apparent consumption tumbled as the massive stocks were used,
which in turn provoked a significant price and profit decrease.
(176)The subsequent analysis of the economic situation of the
Community industry in the first two quarters of 1999 confirmedthat these negative trends were not confined to the investigationperiod and were the direct results of the developments during the
investigation period. While production and sales volume
improved somewhat compared to the second half of the investi-gation period, sales prices and profitability continued todecrease. It should be noted that the Basic Decision as confirmedby the jurisprudence of the Court permits the informationpertaining to the time period after the end of the investigation2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 27
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period to be taken into account, in particular in order to establish
whether trends observed during the investigation periodcontinue.
(177)Based on the developments in the situation of the Communityindustry during the period from 1995 to the investigation periodand during the investigation period in particular, the Commissionhas concluded that the Community industry has suffered injuryduring the investigation period. Contrary to the suggestion that
the economic indicators showing injury are largely outweighed
by other indicators showing lack of injury, the above detailedinvestigation showed that all economic indicators developednegatively, in particular profits and sales prices with a time lagof a few months. The magnitude of the injury suffered enables itto be classified as material in accordance with the provisions of
Article 3(6) of the Basic Decision.
F.CAUSATION
1.Introduction
(178)In the present analysis it should be borne in mind that the
product concerned is a very price sensitive product. In addition,the market for this product, as shown above, has a number ofparticular characteristics: the relationship between the Commu-nity industry and certain users is long-term; production set upand planning entails a certain time lag between order and
delivery; and the Community industry operates more in certain
market segments than the exporting producers concerned. Never-theless, these characteristics do not call into question the factthat the products produced and sold by the Community industryand those imported by the countries concerned are like products.
It only indicates that certain sales channels and certain types of
product are more prone to competition from the importsconcerned than others.
(179)In order to reach its conclusions on the cause of the injurysuffered by the Community industry, the Commission examinedthe impact of the dumped imports from the countries concerned.
At the same time, the impact of other known factors and their
possible consequences on the situation of that industry werealso analysed. Such analysis ensured that any injury caused byother factors than dumped imports would be identified and notattributed to these imports.
(180)The other factors examined were: the development of consump-
tion, the oversupply of the Community market, the impact of
hot-rolled coils imported into the Community from other thirdcountries, the behaviour of other Community producers notincluded in the definition of the Community industry, the exportperformances of the Community industry and the world-widesituation of the steel business.
2.Impactofdumpedimports
a)Impact of the volume of dumped imports and stockpiling
(181)The investigation showed that the imports concerned increased
considerably, in particular between 1997 and the investigation
period. While in 1995, only 0,65 million tonnes of hot-rolledcoils entered the Community market from the countriesconcerned, representing 17 % of total imports, in 1997, thisrose to 0,88 million tonnes. During the period between 1995
and 1997, the increase in the volume of hot-rolled coils imported
from the countries concerned was limited to 0,2 million tonnes.During the investigation period the volume of dumped importsreached 2,1 million tonnes and covered 45 % of all imports,this represents an overall increase of 229 % for the period exam-ined.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 28
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(182)Consequently, the major increase in imports occurred during the
period 1997 to the investigation period and particularly during
the first two quarters. The investigation showed that over 1,3million tonnes were delivered onto the Community marketduring this six-month period. This represents more than threetimes the import volume of the second semester 1997. Between1997 and the investigation period, the imports in question
increased by 143 % and the market share held by the countries
concerned more than doubled, namely an increase of 6,3 percen-tage points.
(183)During the period from 1995 to the investigation period whileCommunity consumption increased by 9 %, the Communityindustry's sales volume increased by only 1 % and it thus lost
3,7 percentage points of its market share.
(184)As far as the period of the import surge (1997 to the investiga-
tion period) is concerned, it coincided with the deterioration ofthe Community industry's situation. Production decreased by9 % and sales volume by 12 %. The loss in market shareamounted to 6,6 percentage points and orders by 17 %.
(185)In addition, the development of import volumes, taken togetherwith the development of apparent consumption shown earlier,indicates that the dumped imports concerned mainly fed theincrease in stocks, and thus the increase in apparent consumptionin the first two quarters of the investigation period, whereas thesales of the Community industry decreased from the very begin-
ning of the investigation period.
(186)The investigation revealed that contrary to the exporting produ-
cers in question the Community industry is not very present inthe traders' sales channel. As regards certain large operators, itshowed that these ordered few or no hot-rolled coils from theCommunity industry during the third and the fourth quarter of
the investigation period. This resulted in a significant drop in
sales which started during the third quarter of the investigationperiod (- 28 %) and which continued (- 12 %) during the fourthquarter. This in turn had a significant negative influence onprices and profitability of the Community industry during the
last two quarters of the investigation period.
(187)In order to fully assess this development it should be borne in
mind that the development of the situation of the Communityindustry was particularly negative, pronounced and immediatein sales channels and for product types in which the exportingproducers are mainly active. Indeed, these producers are not
very active in sales channels where long-term sales contracts
are concluded The Community industry has fared relativelybetter in these sales channels than in others, where competitionfrom imports is more pronounced. It has also been shown abovethat the Community industry's sales of black coils, whichaccount for around 90 % of the imports concerned, have been
developing very negatively throughout the investigation period.
b)Impact of the import price level and functioning of the steel
market
(188)The investigation showed that the situation of the Community
industry remained stable in terms of prices and therefore overall
profitability during the first two quarters of the investigationperiod, although import prices from the countries concernedcontinuously decreased during the whole investigation period.In this respect the investigation has shown that the developmentof prices and profits of the Community industry were due, on the
one hand, to the general functioning of the market in terms of
the time lag between orders made by and deliveries to clientsand, on the other hand, by the development of stocks and thusapparent consumption during the investigation period.
(189)Concerning the general functioning of the market, it has beenfound that given the time lag between orders and deliveries2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 29
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(namely one quarter), the situation of the Community industry
during the first quarter of the investigation period, basicallyreflected the situation of orders placed during the fourth quarter
of 1997, when imports started to increase.
(190)In terms of the development of apparent consumption, it has
been found that the situation of the Community market in
general and of the Community industry in particular during the
first quarter of the investigation period corresponded to a timeperiod of spectacular growth in stocks — and thus apparentconsumption. This allowed prices and profits to remain highdespite the increase in imports which occurred at the same
time. The dumped imports thus had the biggest impact on the
economic situation of the Community industry when it becameclear that the growth in stocks and thus in apparent consumptionwas not matched by a growth in actual consumption. Indeed,given the considerable fall in demand for hot-rolled coils at theend of the investigation period, Community industry prices
decreased by 17 % and profitability became negative.
(191)The complainant claimed that at the end of 1997 and during the
entire investigation period the exporting producers adopted a
policy of systematic price decrease and were continually under-
cutting the Community industry's prices. This precipitated andhastened the fall in sales prices on the Community market duringthat period.
(192)The investigation showed that the exporting producers indeed,reduced their price during the last quarter of 1997 while theCommunity industry attempted to maintain its price level untilJune 1998. In July 1998, the Community industry reduced itssales prices. Their sales prices, which were over 300 ECU/tonne
in January 1998, fell to around 250 ECU/tonne in December
1998.
(193)This dramatic decrease in prices is explained by the fact that theexporting producers continued to undercut the Community indus-
try's prices throughout the investigation period. It is to be noted
that the level of the undercutting was lower at the beginning ofthe investigation period and became increasingly more signifi-cant throughout the investigation period. The Communityindustry had to reduce its prices in order to continue partici-
pating in the market, in particular from the middle of the
investigation period onwards.
(194)In this respect it is to be noted that steel is a major commodityproduct and the indicative base price of hot-rolled coils is
published daily in specialised newspapers and is well know by
all operators present on the market. The products produced andsold by the Community industry and those imported by thecountries concerned are highly sensitive to price movementswhich are quickly transmitted through the market.
The above thus suggests that overall the findings of the investi-
gation show that the imports concerned caused the negative
development in the economic situation of the Communityindustry.
c)Conclusion on the impact of dumped imports
(195)It is considered that the high volumes of dumped imports, which
accumulated in the Community market within a very short
period, depressed prices and led to a reduced market share ofthe Community industry. These high import volumes allowedcertain large Community-based users to accumulate stocks withnegative repercussions on price negotiation with the Community
industry as early as in the second quarter of the investigation
period and to extend the period over which such importsdepressed prices. Moreover, given the general transparency ofthe market, users and purchasers in the Community marketbecame quickly aware of the low price policy applied by theexporting producers. This precipitated and hastened the fall of2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 30
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sales price on a market with negative results on market share and
profitability of the Community industry.
(196)Consequently, it is concluded that the presence of low-priceddumped imports played an important role in the deterioratingsituation of the Community industry and thus to the materialinjury suffered by that industry during the investigation period.
3.Impactofotherfactors
a)Development of consumption
(197)During the period examined apparent consumption on the
Community market increased continuously by 9 %. During the
period between 1997 and the investigation period apparent
consumption increased by 0,4 %.
(198)Consequently, given the continuous positive development inconsumption volume since 1996, it is considered that it cannotbe linked to the injurious situation suffered by the Community
industry during the investigation period.
b)Oversupply of the Community market
(199)Certain exporting producers claimed that there was an over-
supply of the Community market at the beginning of theinvestigation period. They argued that the Community industrywas continuously increasing its deliveries on the market and
was thus the main contributing factor in the oversupply. Accord-
ingly, they argued that the high rate of capacity utilisation of theCommunity producers resulting from high deliveries shouldexclude any injury to be attributed to imports from the countriesconcerned.
(200)The detailed analysis of the development in apparent consump-tion in 1997 as compared to the investigation period showedthat during the first two quarters of the investigation periodapparent consumption was 1,4 million tonnes higher than in thecorresponding quarters of 1997. This comparison should be seen
in the light of the fact that 1,3 million of dumped hot-rolled coils
were imported from the countries concerned in the first twoquarters of the investigation period whereas the correspondingvolume imported in the same period in 1997 was about 0,3million tonnes. This represents an increase of 1 million tonnesduring the first half of the investigation period.
(201)Furthermore, it is recalled that traders significantly increasedtheir stocks in the first half of the investigation period, thusparticipating to the oversupply of the Community market. Theinvestigation revealed that the Community industry is not very
active in the traders sales channel whereas the exporting produ-
cers sold significant quantities via traders. Accordingly, theCommunity industry did not feed the stocks piled by tradersduring the investigation period.
(202)In conclusion, the investigation has shown that the increase indumped imports was considerable (in terms of market shareimports more than doubled) during the investigation period whileit was found that the Community industry lost sales and experi-enced a dropin p roduction resulting in a fall in market share.Accordingly, the increase in low-priced-dumped imports largely
contributed to the oversupply.
c)Imports of hot-rolled coils from other third countries
(203)In addition to the countries concerned by the present investiga-
tion, other countries exported hot-rolled coils to the Communitymarket. During the investigation period the main exporters wereRussia, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary, South Korea and Indo-nesia.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 31
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(204)Some exporting producers argued that they have been unduly
discriminated against in comparison to some other third coun-
tries mentioned above which were excluded from the scope ofthe investigation.
(205)In this respect it is pointed out that no complaint against theabove third countries was lodged and that therefore no prima
facie evidence of dumping and injury justifying the initiation of
an antidumping investigation was received. As furthermore, theinvestigation has not brought to light any evidence of injuriousdumping practices by such third country exports the allegationof discrimination is not founded.
(206)During the period examined, other third countries' share of totalimports of the product concerned onto the Community marketwhile remaining significant showed a decreasing trend. Theimport volume decreased from 3,1 million tonnes in 1995 to2,6 million tonnes in the investigation period, namely a decrease
by 17 % in terms of volume. The share of these imports repre-
sented 83 % of total import volume in 1995 but only 55 %during the investigation period. Accordingly, throughout theperiod examined, the share of the Community market held bythe other third countries decreased by 22 %.
(207)Import prices from other third countries followed the generaldownward tendency in the Community market and decreased by9% .
(208)Based on the above facts and considerations it was found thatimports from other third countries remained significant and
enjoyed a continued presence in the Community market during
the period examined. However, it also emerged that while thesituation of the Community industry only deteriorated in parti-cular from 1997 to the investigation period, namely when theimports concerned surged massively, the increase in importsfrom other third countries was very limited.
(209)Accordingly, the suggestion by some exporting producers thatthe imports of hot-rolled coils from other third countries are thecause of the injury suffered by the Community industry cannotbe taken into consideration.
d)Other producers in the Community
(210)During the investigation period, the producers in the Community
not included in the definition of the Community industry repre-
sented 35 % of total Community production.
(211)Based on the information available, during the period examined,
the economic situation of the other producers of hot-rolled coilsin the Community was similar to that of the Community
industry. During the investigation period their sales volume
increased by 5 %, namely an increase below the increase inconsumption. Accordingly, their share of the market in terms ofvolume decreased by 4 %. Furthermore, these producers alsosuffered from price depression as the decrease in sale value by6 % indicates and their sales prices were in line with those of
the Community industry.
(212)Consequently, the impact of the other producers in the Commu-
nity on the deteriorating economic situation of the Communityindustry was limited.
e)Export activity of the Community industry
(213)Certain exporting producers claimed that the situation of the
Community industry deteriorated because of the decrease in its
export activity during the period examined.
(214)The investigation showed that the sales volume destined for
exports to third countries decreased by 536000 tonnes between1995 and the investigation period and by 299000 tonnesbetween 1997 and the investigation period. This represents a2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 32
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decrease of 4,8 % and 2,9 % respectively of the total sales of the
Community industry. On this basis, the Commission does notexclude that such a decrease in the export sales affected the
overall economic situation of the Community industry. However,
it is recalled that the present investigation exclusively coveredthe economic situation of the Community industry as regardsthe Community free market. Consequently, the injury sufferedby the Community industry has been demonstrated on the basis
of Community market indicators. Accordingly, prices and
revenues from export sales were irrelevant and thereforeexcluded from the injury analysis.
f)Community industry's preference to supply captive market
(215)A number of users of the product concerned on the Community
market stated that the Community industry had attempted toincrease the integration of its activities over the period exam-ined. At the end of 1997, the Community industry hadallegedly given priority to supplying related parties in the
captive market before supplying independent parties on the free
market with the result that the users were forced to obtain theirsupplies from outside the Community. Therefore, injury couldnot be caused by the development of imports.
(216)The Commission found that between 1997 and the investigationperiod the evolution of sales volume to both related and unre-
lated customers showed decreasing trends. The fact that the
supply to the captive market followed a similar trend indicatesthat production capacity was available. This decline in salesvolume indicated that there was no shortage of supply of theproduct concerned, which could have led to a decrease in the
sales volume to unrelated parties.
g)World-wide situation in the steel business
(217)Several exporting producers claimed that the situation of the
Community industry, in particular in the second part of the
investigation period, was largely due to the deterioration of the
worldwide situation of the steel business.
(218)Based on the information available it emerged that a worldwidedownturn occurred during the investigation period. Sales pricesdecreased in the USA, Japan and South Korea. However, it was
found that sales prices in these countries were 15 %, 24 % and
7 % respectively, higher than those in the Community at the endof the investigation period.
(219)Consequently the worldwide situation of the steel industry and inparticular the situation in Southeast Asia, cannot explain thedeterioration of the economic situation of the Community
industry during the period examined.
4.Conclusiononcausation
(220)The above analysis indicates that factors other than dumped
imports from the countries concerned may have contributed to
the difficult state of the Community industry during the investi-gation period. However, the investigation has shown that thesudden increase in imports, the price depression and price under-cutting practised by the exporting producers had significantlynegative consequences on the situation of the Community
industry. Therefore, it is concluded that these imports, taken in
isolation, had caused material injury to the Community industry.
G.COMMUNITYINTEREST
1.Preliminaryremarks
(221)The purpose of anti-dumping measures is to remedy unfair
trading practices having an injurious effect on the Communityindustry and re-establish a situation of effective competition on2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 33
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the Community market. In addition to dumping, injury and the
cause of this injury, the Commission examined whether anycompelling reasons existed which could lead to the conclusion
that it is not in the Community interest to impose measures.
For this purpose, and in accordance with Article 21(1) of theBasic Decision, the impact of possible measures on all partiesinvolved in this proceeding and the consequences of taking ornot taking measures, were considered on the basis of the
evidence available.
2.InterestoftheCommunityindustry
(222)In case of injurious dumping caused by low-priced dumped
imports, the interest of a Community industry is that conditions
of effective competition are restored.
(223)The investigation has shown that the Community market of hot-
rolled coils was characterised by the presence of products origi-
nating in the countries concerned which were sold at prices
undercutting those of the Community industry. The resultinginjurious situation could be contained as long as the volumeimported was limited. However, the high volume of dumpedimports, which suddenly flooded on the Community market in avery short time during the investigation period, caused a price
depression, which had a significant impact on the financial situa-
tion of the Community industry. This situation leaves theCommunity industry in a seriously weakened position and thisindustry has an interest in it being corrected.
(224)During the period examined, the Community industry, as well asother producers located in the Community, undertook importantrationalisation and restructuring projects that are still going on atpresent. The realisation of these projects is important in view of
the globalisation of the steel market. This activity of the
Community industry at a worldwide level demonstrates its adapt-ability, its competitiveness and viability.
(225)With anti-dumping measures in force, employment, whichincreased during the period examined, could be maintained andpossibly increased, depending on the evolution of consumption.The results of the investigation have shown that the Communityindustry lost significant sales volume and saw its pricesdecrease, in particular towards the end of the investigation
period. The proposed anti-dumping duties, which amount to
around 8 % for cooperating exporting producers on a weightedaverage level, should allow the Community industry to recoverfrom its injurious situation by either increasing its own pricesand/or sales quantities.
(226)In view of the inadequate profitability in 1996 and 1997 and thematerial injury suffered during the investigation period, it ishighly probable that the financial situation of the Community
industry will deteriorate further in the absence of any measures
to correct the negative effects of dumped imports. This may ulti-mately lead to cuts in production or closures of certain facilitiesand therefore threaten employment in the Community.
3.Interestofusersandrelated activities intheCommunity
(227)In order to evaluate the impact on users of taking or not taking
measures, the Commission sent questionnaires to the knownusers on the Community market. An on-the-spot investigationtook place at the premises of a major user in order to verify theinformation submitted. The following conclusions are based on
the responses received from users.
(228)Users were found to have themselves imported 40 % of total
imports of hot-rolled coils from the countries concerned. They
employ 4 000 people in the Community.
(229)Users claimed that in the event of the imposition of measures,
they would no longer have a choice in their sources of supply2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 34
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and they feared that they would become entirely dependent on
the goodwill of the Community producers. In particular it wasclaimed that these producers had to supply a large captive
market and that they already held a share of 75 % of the
Community free market. They recalled that these producers'sales on the captive market as well as a large share of their saleson the free market was destined for related companies, whosedownstream products were in direct competition with their own
products. The users in question also indicated that the Commu-
nity industry supplied independent users only after therequirements of their related companies had been fully satisfied.They also claimed that the related user companies alreadybought the product concerned below the market price. Underthese circumstances, the users were of the opinion that the impo-
sition of anti-dumping measures would give the Community
industry a decisive and unjustified competitive advantage in thedownstream markets which would not be in the interest of theCommunity.
(230)Finally, these users claimed that the imposition of anti-dumpingduties was likely to cause shortage of supply for independentbuyers, as was the case in the Community market at the end of1997. This situation would clearly be an infringement to theECSC Treaty.
(231)It is to be noted that the purpose of the imposition of anti-dumping measures is not to prevent users from importing hot-rolled coils from the countries concerned, rather to ensure thatthese imports are made at non-injurious prices. Even with the
imposition of anti-dumping measures, these products will always
be present in the Community market and will ensure that thechoice of supply is maintained for users companies.
(232)The Commission estimated that a weighted average anti-dumping duty of 8 % on hot-rolled coils imported from thecountries concerned may prompt at maximum an increase ofaround 1.6 % in the overall cost of the user companies' rawmaterials. This extra cost would cause an estimated increase inthe full cost of production of about 1.1 %, given the mix of
various sources of purchases and the average value added in the
downstream products.
(233)This estimated extra cost of production incurred by the usercompanies, either charged or not to the subsequent purchasers,
is not such as to endanger the profitability of the user industries.
Moreover, this cost should be seen in the light of expected posi-tive developments in the hot-rolled coils markets when governedby effective trade conditions.
(234)Concerning the level of sales price in the free market, it isrecalled that no significant differences were found between theprices applied by the Community industry to related and unre-lated customers. Moreover, the claim purporting that theCommunity industry did not supply or had set up priorities for
its supplies of hot-rolled coils depending on the relationship
with the purchaser during the period examined cannot be takeninto consideration as no evidence in this respect has been madeavailable. More to the contrary, it has been found that certainsales contracts concluded with the Community industry were
cancelled.
(235)Based on the foregoing, it is considered that any negative effects
on users from taking measures against dumped imports from thecountries concerned cannot outweigh the positive effects from
which all the other operators active on the Community market
will benefit.
4.Consequencesoncompetition intheCommunitymarket
(236)Some parties claimed that anti-dumping measures would reduce
competition on the Community market, encouraging the creationof big steel groups. They argued that in the recent past major2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 35
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steel companies, such as British Steel and Sollac, had increased
in size by merging with or by purchasing other steel companies.These groups are also in competition in the downstream products
with independent users, mostly small and medium size enter-
prises. The consequences of such a concentration may be thedisappearance of many independent users resulting in the reduc-tion of employment in the Community.
(237)Concerning the alleged restriction in competition, it is recalledthat there are a number of alternative sources of supply such asRussia, Indonesia, Hungary, Romania, South Korea, Slovakia,Brazil, etc, exporting hot-rolled coils to the Community. Thereare also several hundred SSC's, stockholders and dealers selling
the product concerned mainly to small and medium size users.
Finally, there are several Community steel producers, in additionto the Community industry, located in Finland, France, Austriaand Greece.
(238)Furthermore, given that the level of the measures proposed is notsuch, from an economic point of view, to foreclose the Commu-nity market to the countries concerned there appears to be norisk of restricting competition in the Community market.
5.ShortageofsupplyontheCommunitymarket
(239)Certain exporting producers from the countries concerned and
users in the Community claimed that the imposition of anti-dumping measures would cause a shortage of supply, in parti-cular for independent users industries. This claim was based onthe fact that the Community industry alone is not able to supplythe whole Community free market in particular given its current
high capacity utilisation levels.
(240)Other interested parties claimed that the Community industry
does not have the capacity to supply its own related companiesin the free market and, is therefore not in the position to
compensate for any decrease in imports caused by the imposition
of anti-dumping measures.
(241)In this respect it should be noted that as the producers in the
Community cannot supply the whole of the free market, imports
from third countries will always be needed and the Communitymarket will always been open to such imports, provided they aremade in respect of the provisions of the Basic Decision.
(242)In any event, the Community industry, other producers in theCommunity and exporting producers in other third countrieswill be able to continue to supply the Community market. Theexporting producers in the countries concerned will also be ableto continue to supply the Community market given that themeasures proposed are not such as to close the market to them.
(243)Based on the above facts and considerations, the claim that theimposition of anti-dumping measures will entail a shortage ofsupply is not considered to be founded.
6.ConclusionontheCommunityinterest
(244)The Commission considers that the imposition of anti-dumping
duties is necessary to prevent further imports of low-priceddumped imports and avoid the situation of the Communityindustry to deteriorate further. Moreover, the imposition ofmeasures in the present case will re-establish effective competi-
tive conditions for all operators in the Community. Furthermore,
having examined the various interests involved in the presentproceeding, no compelling reasons were found to exist againstthe imposition of definitive anti-dumping measures. The imposi-tion of definitive anti-dumping measures is therefore not againstthe Community interest.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 36
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H.DEFINITIVEMEASURES
(245)Having established that the dumped imports originating in
Bulgaria, India, South Africa, Taiwan and Yugoslavia have
caused material injury to the Community industry and that there
are no compelling reasons not to take action, definitive anti-dumping measures should be adopted.
1.Injuryeliminationlevel
(246)For establishing the level of duty, account has been taken of the
dumping margins found and of the amount of the duty necessary
to eliminate the injury caused by dumped imports to theCommunity industry. The necessary price increase was deter-mined on the basis of a comparison of the weighted averageimport price, as established for the undercutting calculations,
with the non-injurious price of the different types of hot-rolled
coils sold by the Community industry on the Community market.
(247)It was considered that the amount of duty necessary to removethe effects of injurious dumping should allow the Communityindustry to cover its costs of production and obtain a reasonableprofit on sales. In this respect, it was considered that the profit
margin before tax of 12,9 % on turnover claimed by the
Community industry was an appropriate basis, regard beinggiven to the need for long-term investments and for a rate ofreturn, which the Community industry could reasonably expectin the absence of injurious dumping.
(248)Accordingly and given the profit rate realised by the Community
industry during the investigation period, injury elimination levels
were determined on a type by type basis as the differencebetween the actual net sales price of the Community industryand the actual net sales price of the comparable importedmodels. The difference was then expressed as a percentage ofthe CIF import price at the Community frontier customs duty
unpaid.
2.Level ofdefinitiveduties
(249)In the light of the foregoing, it is considered that a definitive
anti-dumping duty should be imposed at the level of the
dumping margin found, but should not be higher than the injury
margin set out above in accordance with Article 9(4) of theBasic Decision.
(250)As far as the parallel anti-subsidy proceeding regarding importsfrom India, South Africa and Taiwan is concerned it should benoted that, in accordance with Article 12(
1) of Commission
Decision No 1889/98/ECSC, the countervailing duty rate should
correspond to the subsidy margin unless the injury margin islower.
(251)In accordance with Article 24(1) of the above Decision No 1889/98/ECSC and Article 14(1) of the Basic Decision, no productshall be subject to both antidumping and countervailing duties
for the purposes of dealing with one and the same situation
arising from dumping or from export subsidisation. As anti-dumping duties should be imposed on imports of the productconcerned it is necessary to determine whether, and to whatextent, the subsidy and the dumping margin arise from thesame situation.
(252)In the case in question all of the schemes investigated in Indiahave been found to constitute export subsidies within themeaning of Article 3(4)(a) of the above Decision No 1889/98/ECSC. As such, the subsidies can affect the export prices of theIndian exporting producers, thus leading to increased margins ofdumping. In other words, the dumping margins established are2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 37
(1) OJ L 245, 4.9.1998, p. 3.
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wholly or partly due to the existence of export subsidies. In
these circumstances it is not considered appropriate to imposeboth countervailing and anti-dumping duties to the full extent
of the relevant subsidy and dumping margins established. There-
fore, in the case of India, the anti-dumping duties need to beadjusted to reflect the actual dumping margins remaining afterthe imposition of the countervailing duties offsetting the effectof the export subsidies.
(253)In the case of Taiwan, the schemes investigated do not constituteexport subsidies. Accordingly, duties may be imposed at therates of the full amount of dumping and subsidy margins estab-lished, subject to the injury margins not being exceeded.
(254)In the case of South Africa, as the level of subsidisation wasfound to be de minimis , no countervailing duties are imposed at
the present stage. In these circumstances, anti-dumping duties at
the full rate of the injury margins are imposed given that these
are lower than the dumping margins.
(255)The rates of duty applicable to the free-at-Community-frontierprice, before duty and taking into account the results of the
anti-subsidy proceeding, shall be:
Country/CompanyDumping
margin %Injury
margin %Export
subsidy
margin %Proposed
counter-
vailing duty
%AD duty to
be imposed
%
Bulgaria 27,1 7,5 7,5
Kremikovtzi 27,1 7,5 7,5
India 56,3 23,8 13,1 13,1 10,7
Essar 55,8 6,4 4,9 4,9 1,5
SAIL 56,3 23,8 12,3 12,3 11,5TISCO 29,4 6,4 8,7 6,4 0South Africa 47,8 38,3 0 0 37,8Iscor 47,8 5,2 0 0 5,2
Highveld & Vana-
dium37,8 38,3 0 0 37,8
Taiwan 30,3 29,3 0 4,4 24,9CSC 7,1 8,9 0 4,4 2,7
Yieh Loong 2,1 3,9 0 0 2,1
Yugoslavia 56,1 15,4 15,4Sartid 56,1 15,4 15,4
(256)The individual company anti-dumping duty rates specified in this
Decision were established on the basis of the findings of thepresent investigation. Therefore, they reflect the situation found
during that investigation with respect to the above companies.
These duty rates (as opposed to the country-wide duty applicableto ‘all other companies’) are thus exclusively applicable toimports of products originating in the country concerned andproduced by the companies and thus by the specific legal entities
mentioned. Imported products produced by any other company
not specifically mentioned in the operative part of this Regula-tion with its name and address, including entities related tothose specifically mentioned, cannot benefit from these ratesand shall be subject to the duty rate applicable to ‘all othercompanies’.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 38
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(257)Any claim requesting the application of these individual
company anti-dumping duty rates (e.g. following a change in
the name of the entity or following the setting upof new p roduc-tion or sales entities) should be addressed to the Commission(
1)
forthwith with all relevant information, in particular any modifi-cation in the company's activities linked to production, domesticand export sales associated with e.g. that name change or that
change in the production and sales entities. The Commission, if
appropriate, will, after consultation of the Advisory Committee,amend the Decision accordingly by updating the list of compa-nies benefiting from individual duty rates.
3.Undertakings
(258)Exporting producers in Bulgaria, India, South Africa have
offered a price undertaking in accordance with Article 8(1) ofthe Basic Decision.
(259)One exporting producer in Yugoslavia expressed its willingness
to give a price undertaking. However, in view of a number of
problems relating to the product code number and the fact thata majority of sales to the European Union were made via relatedcompanies, it was considered that the Commission would beunable to monitor the undertaking properly. The exporter‘s offerwas therefore rejected and the company was informed accord-
ingly, in accordance with Article 8(3) of the Basic Decision.
(260)The Commission considers that the undertaking offered by the
exporting producers in Bulgaria, in India, and in South Africacan be accepted. The acceptance of the price undertaking should
be conditional on the presentation to the Member States' customs
services of a valid undertaking invoice clearly identifying theproducer and containing the information listed in the Annex.Where no such invoice is presented, the appropriate rate ofanti-dumping duty will be payable.
(261)It should be noted that in the event of a breach or withdrawal ofthe undertaking an anti-dumping duty may be imposed, pursuantto Articles 8(9) and 10 of the Basic Decision.
I.TERMINATIONOFTHEPROCEEDING
(262)In view of the findings on the level of imports originating in
Iran, the proceeding with respect to this country should be termi-nated,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
1. A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of
certain flat rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of600 mm or more, not clad, plated or coated, in coils, not furtherworked than hot-rolled originating in Bulgaria, India, South Africa,
Taiwan or the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia falling within CN codes
7208 10 00, 7208 25 00, 720826 00, 7208 2700, 7208 3600,7208 37 10, 7208 37 90, 720838 10, 7208 3890, 7208 3910,7208 39 90.
2. The rates of duty for products manufactured by the companies
listed in the table below applicable to the free-at-Community-frontierprice, before duty, shall be:
Country CompanyRate of AD duty
(%)TARIC additional
code
Bulgaria All companies 7,5 A9992000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 39
(1) European Commission Directorate-General Trade Directorate C DM 24 - 8/
38 Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200 B - 1049 Brussels/Belgium
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Country CompanyRate of AD duty
(%)TARIC additional
code
India Essar Steel Ltd, 27th KM, Surat
Hazira Road, Hazira 394 270,
Dist: Surat, State: Gujarat1,5 A076
The Steel Authority of India
Limited, Central Marketing Organi-
sation, Transport & Shipping
Department, Ispat Bhawan 40,
Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Calcutta
700 07111,5 A077
Tata Iron & Steel Company
Limited, 43 Chowringhee Road,
Calcutta 700 0710 A078
Ispat Industries Ltd, ‘Park Plaza’,
71 Park Street, Calcutta 700 01614 A204
►M4Jindal Vijayanagar Steel
Ltd, Jindal
Mansion, 5 — A. G. Deshmukh
Marg,
Mumbai — 400 026 ◄►M418,1◄►M4A270◄
All other companies 10,7 A999
South Africa Iscor Limited, Roger Dyason Road,
Pretoria West, and Saldanha Steel
(Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X11,
Saldanha 73955,2 A079
All other companies 37,8 A999
Taiwan China Steel Corp., 1 Chung Kang
Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung
81233►M12,7◄ A080
►C1
Yieh Loong Enterprise Co.,
Ltd,◄317 Yu Liao Road, Chiao
Tou Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien2,1 A081
All other companies 24,9 A999
Federal Republic of
YugoslaviaAll companies 15,4 —
3. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the definitive duty shall not apply
to imports realised for free circulation in accordance with the provi-sions of Article 2.
4. Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning
customs duties shall apply.
Article 2
1. The undertakings offered in connection with this anti-dumping
proceeding by
Company Country TARIC additional code
Kremikovtzi Corporation, 1870 Sofia, Botunetz Bulgaria A082
Essar Steel Ltd, 27th KM, Surat Hazira Road,
Hazira 394270 , Dist: Surat, State: GujaratIndia A083
►M1The Steel Authority of India Limited,
Central Marketing Organisation, Transport &
Shipping Department, Ispat Bhawan 40, Jawa-
harlal Nehru Road, Calcutta — 700 071 ◄India A0842000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 40
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Company Country TARIC additional code
Ispat Industries Ltd, ‘Park Plaza’, 71 Park Street,
Calcutta 700 016India A204
Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Ltd, Jindal
Mansion, 5 — A. G. Deshmukh Marg,
Mumbai — 400 026India A270
Highveld Steel & Vanadium Corporation
Limited,
PO Box 111, Witbank 1035South Africa A085
are hereby accepted.
2. Imports pursuant to these undertakings, when released for free
circulation, shall be exempted from the anti-dumping duty set inArticle 1(2) when they are manufactured and directly exported andinvoiced to an importing company in the Community by a company
listed in the table of paragraph 1 and declared under the appropriate
TARIC additional code.
The exemption shall be conditional upon presentation to the relevant
Member State's customs services of a valid ►
M3Commercial
Invoice◄issued by the exporting company containing the essential
elements listed in the Annex.
Article 3
Pursuant to Article 14(6) of Decision (EC) No 2277/96/ECSC, Member
States' reports to the Commission shall indicate for each release for
free circulation, the year and month of import, the CN code, Taric
and Taric additional codes, the type of measure, the country of origin,the quantity, the value, the anti-dumping duty, the Member State ofimport and, where appropriate, the serial number of the productioncertificate.
Article 4
The anti-dumping proceeding concerning imports of certain flat-rolled
products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, notclad, plated or coated, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled origi-
nating in Iran is hereby terminated.
Article 5
This Decision shall enter into force on the day following its publication
in the Official Journal of the European Communities .
This Decision shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in
all Member States.2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 41
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ANNEX
Information necessary for commercial invoices accompanying sales made
subjecttotheundertaking(Article 2(2))
1. The heading ‘COMMERCIAL INVOICE ACCOMPANYING GOODS
SUBJECT TO AN UNDERTAKING’.
2. The name of the company issuing the commercial invoice.
3. The commercial invoice number.4. The date of issue of the commercial invoice.
5. The TARIC additional code under which the goods on the invoice are to be
customs-cleared at the Community frontier (as specified in the Decision).
6. The exact description of the goods, including:
— the company product code number (CPC) (if applicable),
— the product code number (PCN) (as established in the undertaking offered
by the producing exporter in question),
— the technical specification of the PCN,— CN code,— quantity (to be given in tonnes).
7. The description of the terms of the sale, including:
— price per tonne,
— the applicable payment terms,— the applicable delivery terms,— total discounts and rebates.
8. Name of the first buyer acting as an importer to which the invoice is issued
directly by the company.
9. The name of the official of the company that has issued the commercial
invoice and the following signed declaration:
‘I, the undersigned, certify that the sale for direct export to the European
Community of the goods covered by this invoice is being made within the
scope and under the terms of the undertaking offered by … (name of
company), and accepted by the European Commission through Decision No
841/2002/ECSC. I declare that the information provided in this invoice is
complete and correct.’2000S0283 — EN — 16.06.2002 — 004.001 — 42