Thisdocumentismeantpurelyasdocumentationtoolandtheinstitutionsdonotassumeanyliabilityforitscontents
"BCOMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No1091/94
of29April1994
layingdowncertaindetailedrulesfortheimplementationofCouncilRegulation(EEC)No3528/86
ontheprotectionoftheCommunity’sforestsagainstatmosphericpollution
(OJ L 125, 18.5.1994, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
"M1Commission Regulation (EC) No 690/95 of 30 March 1995 L 71 25 31.3.1995
"M2Commission Regulation (EC) No 1390/97 of 18 July 1997 L 190 3 19.7.19971994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 1
COMMISSIONREGULATION(EC)No1091/94
of29April1994
layingdowncertaindetailedrulesfortheimplementationofCouncil
Regulation(EEC)No3528/86ontheprotectionoftheCommunity’s
forestsagainstatmosphericpollution
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Havingreg ard to the Treaty establishingthe European Community,
Having regardtoCouncil Regulation (EEC)No3528/86of17November
1986 on the protection of the Community’s forests against atmospheric
pollution(1), as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 2157/92(2), and
in particular Article 3 thereof,
Havingreg ard to Resolution No 1 of the first ministerial conference on
the protection of forests in Europe(3) and its follow-up,
Whereas, pursuant to Article 2 (1) indent 3 and 4 of Regulation (EEC)
No 3528/86, the purpose of the Community scheme is to help the
Member States to:
— conduct intensive, continuous surveillance of forestry ecosystems,
— establish or extend, in a coordinated and harmonious way, a network
of permanent observation plots required for such intensive, continu-
ous surveillance;
Whereas, pursuant to Article 2 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 the
Member States shall forward to the Commission the data gathered by the
network of observation plots for intensive, continuous suveillance;
Whereas this network of observation plots is installed in order to obtain
detailed data on the evolution of forest ecosystems in the Community;
whereas this approach allows correlations to be established between the
variation of environmental factors, especially atmospheric pollution and
the reaction of forest ecosystems; whereas the data it provides, allows a
better interpretation of the findings derived from the systematic network
of observation plots as specified in Commission Regulation (EEC) No
1696/87(4), as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 836/94(5);
Whereas applications for aid submitted under Regulation (EEC) No
3528/86 for the purpose of carryingout an intensive, continuous
surveillance referredtoinArticle 2(1)shouldcontain all theinformation
neededforanexamination ofthesemeasuresinthelightoftheobjectives
and criteria of that Regulation; whereas this information should be
presented in a standardized form to facilitate examination and a
comparison of applications;
Whereas the measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance
with the opinion of the StandingForestry Committee,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article1
1. A network of permanent observation plots shall be installed by the
Member States. By 30 June 1994, the selection of the plots shall be
completed and over 50 % of the plots shall be installed, accordingto the
common methods for the establishment of a network of permanent
observation plots for intensive, continuous monitoring(see Annex I).
The last plots shall be installed before 30 June 1995. For all plots the
Member States shall forward to the Commission by 15 December 1994 a!B
(1) OJ No L 326, 21. 11. 1986, p. 2.
(2) OJ No L 217, 31. 7. 1992, p. 1.
(3) December 1990, Strasbourg.
(4) OJ No L 161, 10. 6. 1987, p. 1.
(5) OJ No L 97, 15. 4. 1994, p. 4.1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 2
review of the selection criteria and a complete list of the selected plots,
includingbasic information such as location (long itude, latitude,
altitude) and species, as well as the general plot information for each
installed observation plot in a standardized form as specified in Annex
VIIa.
2. On the permanent observation plots intensive and continuous
surveillance of the forest ecosystems shall be carried out. This contains
the continuous inventory on the crown condition, the inventory of soil
and foliar condition and measurements on increment changes, deposition
rates, meteorology and soil solution sampling and analysis in accordance
with objective samplingmethods and analysed in accordance with
established methods.
3. Member States shall forward to the Commission in standardized
form before the end of every year at least all data measured duringthe
year before for each permanent observation plot as specified in Annex
VIIa together with a data accompanying report as specified in Annex
VIIb. In addition, an annual progress report on evaluations and
interpretations of results carried out on national level shall be forwarded
to theCommissionbefore 31December everyyear asspecified inAnnex
VIIb.
4. Technical details are set out in Annexes III to X.
Article2
1. Applications for aid from the Community:
— to establish or extend the network of permanent observation plots for
the intensive and continuous surveillance,
— to carry out the inventory of crown condition,— to carry out the soil inventory,— to carry out the foliage inventory,— to carry out the increment measurements,— to carry out the deposition measurements,— to carry out the meteorological measurements,and
— to carry out the samplingand analysis of soil solution,
within the meaningof Article 2 (1) of Reg ulation (EEC) No 3528/86
shallcontain the information and documents specifiedin AnnexIItothis
Regulation.
Applications shall be submitted in triplicate and in accordance with
Annex II.
Member States shall submit applications to the Commission before 1
November each year in respect for the followingyear.
2. Applications not meetingthe requirements set out in parag raph 1 of
this Article shall not be considered.
Article3
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its
publication in the OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities .
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in
all Member States.!B
!M2
!B
!M2
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 3
ANNEXI
COMMONMETHODSFORTHEESTABLISHMENTOFANETWORK
OFPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTSFORINTENSIVE,
CONTINUOUSMONITORING
(Article2(1)toRegulation(EEC)No3528/86anditsamendments)
I.Generalremarks
The purposeofthe scheme mentioned inArticle 2(1)toRegulation (EEC)
No 3528/86 and its amendments is to establish a network of permanentobservation plots in the Member States of the Community and to collectdata by intensive and continuous surveillance.
The objectives of the scheme are:
— to conduct an intensive and continuous monitoringof forest
ecosystems in relation to the damage caused by atmospheric pollutionand other factors influencingforest condition,
— to improve the understandingof the causal relationship between
changes in forest ecosystem and the factors influencing it, especially
atmospheric pollution, by concentratingat a sing le location various
measurements and monitoringof forest ecosystems and its com-ponent,
— to obtain relevant information on the evolution of a number of forest
ecosystems in the Community.
II.Establishmentofthenetworkofpermanentobservationplots
II.1.Selectionofplots
Member States shall select by 30 June 1994 at its latest a sufficiently large
number of permanent observation plots in their country. The maximum
number of these plots should in principle not exceed 20 % of the numberof national plots of the Community’s 16 x 16 km gridnet (Regulation EECNo 1696/87). Member States with a limited number of plots of the
Community’s gridnet, are allowed to select a larger number of permanent
plots under the condition that the number shall be limited up to 15 plots.
The selection of these plots are the responsibility of the Member States,
although the following criteria for the selection should be applied:
— the plots should be located in such a way that the more important
forest species and more widespread growing conditions in the
respective country are represented,
— the minimum size of a plot shall be 0,25 hectares measured on a
horizontal plane,
— to minimize the effects from activities on surroundingareas the plot
shall be surrounded by a buffer zone. The actual width of the zone is
dependingon the type and ag e of the forest. If the area of the plot anditssurroundingsisuniformwithregardtoheightandagestructure,thewidth of the buffer zone can be restricted to 5 or 10 m. If the forest
area in which the plot is located consists of mixed stands, different
species or age structure, the buffer zone shall be enlarged to up tofivetimes the potential maximum height of the forest in the plot,
— as the plot will have to be available for longduration monitoring , it is
necessary that the corners and/or boundaries are clearly marked and
that each sample tree in the plot is numbered in a permanent way,
— the plots should be easily accessible at all times and no restrictions
with regard to the access and sampling should exist,
— there should be no differences in the management of the plot, its
buffer zone and the surrounding forest (e. g. mangagement operations
should be comparable and disturbances by the monitoringshould bekept to a minimum),
— direct pollution from known local sources should be avoided. Plots
should not be located in the immediate surroundingof farms, very
close to main roads or in the direct vicinity of pollutingindustries,
— a sufficient number of trees should be available for samplingin or
nearby the plot,!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 4
— the plots and the buffer zone should be as uniform as possible
regarding, e.g. species or species mixture, age size, soil and slope,
— the plots should be located sufficiently far away from the forest edge.
It is recommended to select plots which have been monitored duringthe
last years within the framework of the Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 or
other programmes. When additional plots have to be selected it isrecommended that plots are identical with or located nearby one of theexistingplots of the Community’s 16 x 16 km network and that plots are
located in such a way that information from other sources (e.g.
meteorological stations) can be used.
II.2.Installationanddocumentationoftheplot
Member States shall install, preferably all, but at least over 50 % of the
plots in a permanent way by 30 June 1994. In certain cases it could beacceptable that the actual installation of the last plots is delayed for oneyear. Each installed plot shall be described in detail. General data shall be
determined and reported before 15 December 1994. The detailed
description of the plot shall include: the exact location of the plot, asketch map shall be prepared showingthe permanent markingof the plotcorners and/or boundaries, the number of trees in the plot and any other
relevant permanent elements in or nearby the plot (e. g. access road,
rivers). In the future, the exact location of sample sites (e.g. soil pits) shallbe recorded on this map as well.
II.3.Definitionofasub-plot
In principle all trees in the total plot are to be included in the sample for
the tree assessment (e.g. crown inventory, increment assessment). In thecase that the plot has many trees (i.e. dense stands), a sub-plot may be
defined to be used for these surveys.The size of the sub-plot at the time of
the installation ofthe plot shouldbelargeenoughtogivereliable estimatesfor these surveysfora minimum of20years,preferablythroughout the lifeof the stand. A minimum of at least 20 trees in the sub-plot should be
available in this period.
II.4.Generalinformationoneachplot
The followingg eneral information on each permanent observation plot for
the intensive and continuous monitoringshall be collected duringthe
installation and the first surveys:
Installation First surveys
Descriptive code Country
Observation plot number
Actual latitude and longitude
Site data Altitude
Orientation
Total plot size
Number of trees in plot
Sub-plot (if any)Availability of water to the principal
species
Humus type
Soil unit (estimate)
Stand data Mean age of dominant storey
Main tree species
Yield (estimate)
Other observation History of the plot
Nearby situated other monitoring
station
By 15 December 1994, the Member States shall forward to the
Commission for each installed plot the information collected duringthe
installation usinga datafile (see Annex VIIa, Form 1a) and reports (seeAnnex VIIa, Form 1b). Important information obtained duringthe years ofmonitoringshall be submitted yearly usingthe Forms 1a and 1b (Annex
VII). The other information shall be submitted right after the first relevant
survey has been carried out and will be updated when necessary.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 5
II.5.Replacementofpermanentobservationplots
Permanent observation plots have to be available for longduration
monitoring. In case of unforeseen events (e.g. destruction of trees in the
plot by fire, storm) a replacement of this plot might be necessary. MemberStates shall forward to the Commission the basic information for the newplot as specified in this Annex.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 6
ANNEXII
APPLICATIONSFORAIDFROMTHECOMMUNITYINRESPECTOF
THEMEASURESTOBECARRIEDOUTPURSUANTTOARTICLE2OF
REGULATION(EEC)No3528/86ANDITSAMENDMENTS
Applications for aid must be presented in accordance with Annex A to
Commission Regulation (EEC) No 526/87(1) together with a summary of the
information listed below and the completed table as included to this Annex asForm 2a.
For each of the measures to be carried out in accordance to Article 2, information
on the followingitems shall be g iven:
1.Shortdescriptionofthemeasures
2.Applicant
Links between the applicant and the measures
3.Agencyresponsibleforcarryingoutthemeasures
Object and scope of the agency’s main activities
4.Detaileddescriptionofthemeasureswhere:
(a) the measures relate to establishingor extendingthe network of
permanent observation plots for the intensive and continuous surveil-
lance
1. Description of existingsituation2. Geographical location and area of the region(s) concerned (+
cartographical document)
3. Number of permanent observation plots
(b) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of an inventoryof
the crown condition on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of existingsituation2. Number of observation plots, which are to be included in the crown
condition inventory (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the samplingprocedure used at plot level
(number of trees, markings, etc.)
4. Indication of timetable for the execution of the projected measures
(Form 2b)
(c) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of an inventoryof
the soil condition on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existingsituation2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included in
the soil condition inventory (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the samplingprocedures used at plot level
(number of single samples, soil profile description, etc.)
4. Detailed descriptionofparameters tobedeterminedandtheanalysis
methods to be applied includinga clear description of any
calibration, correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the
results compatible with the results analysed accordingto theapproved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected
measures (Form 2b)
(d) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of an inventoryof
the foliar condition on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existingsituation2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included in
the foliar condition inventory (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the samplingprocedures used at plot level
(number of single samples, description, etc.)!
B
(1) OJ No L 53, 21. 2. 1987, p. 14.1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 7
4. Detailed descriptionofparameters tobedeterminedandtheanalysis
methods to be applied includinga clear description of any
calibration, correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the
results compatible
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected
measures (Form 2b)
(e) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of the
measurements of increment changes on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existingsituation2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included
for the increment measurements (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the measurement procedures used at plot
level (number of measurements, description, etc.)
4. Detailed descriptionofparameters tobedeterminedandtheanalysis
methods to be applied includinga clear description of any
calibration, correction, and/or recalculation needed to make theresults compatible with the results analysed accordingto theapproved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected
measures (Form 2b)
(f) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of the
measurements of deposition rates on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existingsituation2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included
for the deposition measurements (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the measurement procedures used at plot
level (number of measurements, description, etc.)
4. Detailed descriptionofparameters tobedeterminedandtheanalysis
methods to be applied includinga clear description of any
calibration, correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the
results compatible with the results analysed accordingto theapproved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected
measures (Form 2b)
(g) the measures relate to the establishment and execution of the
meteorological measurements on the permanent observation plots
1. Description of the existingsituation2. Number of permanent observation plots, which are to be included
for the meteorological measurements (Form 2a)
3. Detailed description of the measurement procedures used at plot
level (number of measurements, description, etc.)
4. Detailed descriptionofparameters tobedeterminedandtheanalysis
methods to be applied includinga clear description of anycalibration, correction, and/or recalculation needed to make the
results compatible with the results analysed accordingto the
approved methods
5. Indication of the timetable for the execution of the projected
measures (Form 2b)
5.Costofmeasuresunder4ato4g(Form2a)
1. Costs for the establishment or extendingthe network (4a)
1.1. Costs per plot1.2. Total costs1.3. Aid applied for from the Community
2. Costs of establishment, observation or samplingfor each survey (4b to
4g)
2.1. Costs per plot2.2. Total costs!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 8
2.3. Aid applied for from the Community
3. Costs of analysis and evaluation for each survey (4b to 4g)
3.1. Costs per plot
3.2. Total costs
3.3. Aid applied for from the Community
4. Total project costs (Sum of costs for 1.2 (establishment), 2.2
(observations and/or sampling, and 3.2 (analysis and evaluation))
5. Total aid applied for from the Community (Sum of costs for 1.3
(establishment),2.3(observationsand/or sampling) and3.3(analysisandevaluation))
6.Completeform2aand2b
… Date and signature!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 9
!M2
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 10
!M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 11
ANNEXIII
COMMONMETHODSFORTHEINVENTORYOFTHECROWN
CONDITIONONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The inventory shall be carried out on all permanent observation plots in
1994 and shall be repeated annually.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Selectionofsampletrees
In principle all pre-dominant, dominant and co-dominant trees (Kraft:
class 1 to 3) in the total plot are to be monitored. In the case that the plothas many trees (e.g. dense stands), the number of sample trees for the
crown assessment could be reduced by usinga sub-plot (see Annex I
(II.3)). In the case of a sub-plot all the pre-dominant, dominant andco-dominant trees (Kraft: class 1 to 3) in the sub-plot are to be monitored.In certain cases it could be allowed that a different, but objective and
unbiased system is used to reduce or to select the number of trees to be
sampled. The same methods shall be applied every year and a minimum of20 trees shall be assessed each survey.
II.2.Dateofassessment
The inventory is to be undertaken between the end ofthe formation of new
needles and leaves and before the autumnal leaf discolouration.
II.3.Generalbackgroundinformation
The followingplot and tree information shall be collected:
— plot number,
— exposure,
— tree number,
— information on removals and mortality,
— tree species,
— social class,
— crown shading,
— visibility,and the date of assessment.
II.4.Assessmentofsampletrees
1. Visual assessment of defoliation
Defoliation shall be estimated in 5 % steps in relation to a tree with
full foliage in local condition. The classification of trees into degreesof defoliation shall be carried out duringthe observation and shall be
registered in 5 % steps.
A tree with between 95 % and 100 % defoliation, which is still alive,
is scored as 99. The score 100 is reserved for dead trees.
2. Visual assessment of discolouration
The classification of trees into degrees of discolouration shall be
carried out after the observations have been made.
The degrees of discolouration are defined as follows:!
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!M2
!B
!M2
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 12
Class DiscolourationIndicative percentage of leaves
discoloured
0 None or negligible 0—10
1 Slight discolouration 11—252 Moderate discolouration 26—603 Severe discolouration 460
4 Dead
3. Additional parameters
The additional parameters are listed below:— damage due to easily identifiable causes (insect, fungi, abiotic
agents…),
— identification of damage type,— observations on the tree in the plot.
II.5.Methods
In the sub-manual on visual assessment of tree condition on intensive
monitoringplots (ICP Forests) additional details on the selection of treesand the execution of assessments are laid down. Moreover, the sub-manual
contains technical information on the additional parameters to be assessed
aswell asonthe submissionofthese parameters. Itisadvised tofollowthetechnical details laid down in this sub-manual and to submit on optionalbasis the results of the assessments of the optional parameters to the
Commission by applyingthe relevant details of the sub-manual.
"
M2II.6.3Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in standardized forms (see Annex VII, Form 3a and 3b).!B
!M2
!M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 13
ANNEXIV
COMMONMETHODSFORTHESOILINVENTORYONTHE
PERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The inventory isto be carried out on all permanent observation plotsin the
period between 1994 and 1996. Soil condition data, which were collected
and analysed before 1994, but after 1 January 1991 could also be used if
the methods as described below have been applied. The inventory will berepeated on each individual sample plot every 10 years. This Annex isbased on results of the soil expert panel of UN-ECE/ICP on assessment
and monitoringof air pollution effects on forests (ICP forests). Reference
is made to the manual (1992) prepared by this expert panel. After twosamplingperiods a review of the parameters to be analysed in future soilsamples shall be made.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Selectionofsamplelocation
Soil samples will be statistically representativefor the situation of the plot.
The soil samples will be collected from a profile pit and/or taken frombores. Care should be taken to avoid any disturbance of roots belonging to
sample trees.
II.2.Generalbackgroundinformation
The followingg eneral information shall be collected:
— plot number,— date of samplingand analysis.
II.3.Pedologicalandphysicalcharacterizationofthesampleplots
A pedological characterization shall be made for each sample plot. It is
advised to make the profile description accordingto the FAO-g uidelines
(FAOguidelinesforsoildescription ,third edition (revised),Rome 1990)in
the buffer zone. Care should be taken that the profile description(s) is/aremade on a location which is representative for the actual samplingarea. It
is recommended that the dry bulk density is determined from undisturbed
soil to enable the calculation of the total nutrient contents. If the dry bulkdensity is not determined, a reasonable estimate of this parameter shouldbe made. The determination of the soil granulometry is mandatory. The
particle size fractions are: 52 µm, 2-63 µm, 63-2000 µm (FAO). If 50 µm
is used to separate silt and sand fractions, conversion to 63 µm limit has tobe done.
II.4.Methodofsampling
The soil samples shall be collected by depth or by horizon. For every
sampled layerorhorizon,at leastonerepresentativecomposite samplewill
be collected or several samples; the number of subsamples collected for
the composite sample and the samplingdate shall be reported.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 14
The organic layers (O- and H-)(*) are sampled separately. In case the
samplingis done by fixed depth, the followinglayers are to be used:
— 0 — 10 cm (it is advised to sample 0 — 5 and 5 — 10 separately),— 10 — 20 cm,— 20 — 40 cm,
— 40 — 80 cm.
II.5.Transportstorageandpreparation
The samples shall be transported and stored in such a way that chemical
changes are minimized. The procedures of this transport and storage
(includingwaitingperiods) shall be reported. Where applicable the
problems and deviations of these procedures shall be reported in detail. Itis advised to store part of the sample in a soil bank for comparative usewith future sampling(e. gin 10 years). Before the samples are analysed
the samples have to be prepared. Large items ( 42 mm) have to be
removed, the samples have to be dried (at a maximum of 40 °C), andmilled or sieved.
II.6.Analysismethods
In the ‘Manual on methodologies of forest soil sampling and analysis’
prepared by the soil expert panel of the ICP forests, the approved methodsfor the analysisofthevarioussoilparameters aredescribed. Itisadvisedto
usetheapprovedmethods.Incaseother(national) methodsareapplied,the
comparability of the analysis results shall be reported in detail togetherwiththepresentation oftheanalysisresults.Theinventoryoftheforestsoilconditionwilldistinguishbetweenmandatory andoptionalparameters (see
list).
Mandatory and optional parameters and their respective approved method
for analysis:
Parameter Units H/O Min Approved methods Remarks
pH (CaCl 2) Mandatory Mandatory Labex 8703-01-1-1 and
ISO/TC190/SC3/GT8
Carbon organic (C-org) (g/kg) Mandatory Mandatory Dry combustion
Nitrogen (N) (g/kg) Mandatory Mandatory Dry combustion
Phosphorus (P) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Potassium (K) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Calcium (Ca) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Magnesium (Mg) (mg/kg) Mandatory Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Organic layer (OrgLay) (kg/m2) Mandatory Volume (cylindric)-dry-
weight
Calcium carbonate
(CaCO 3)(g/kg) Optional Mandatory AFNOR X 31-105 if pH (CaCl 2)46
Exchangeable acidity
(Ac-Exc)(cmol+/kg) Optional Mandatory Titration!B
(*) The soil expert panel oftheUN-ECE/ICP hasagreed to use thedefinitions asgivenin the
FAO-guidelines for soil description (1990), and the definitions of the organic layers (O-and H-) are as follows:
H-horizons or layers: layers dominated by organic material, formed from accumulations
of undecomposed or partially decomposed organic material at the soil surface which maybe underwater. All H-horizons are saturated with water for prolonged periods or wereonce saturated but are now artificially drained. An H-horizon may be on the top of
mineral soils or at any depth beneath the surface if it is buried.
O-horizons or layers: layers dominated by organic material, consisting of undecomposed
or partiallydecomposedlitter,suchasleaves,needles, twigs,mossand lichens, whichhasaccumulated on the surface; they may be on top of either mineral or organic soils.
O-horizons are not saturated with water for prolonged periods. The mineral fraction of
such material is only a small percentage of the volume of the material and generally ismuch less than half of the weight. An O-layer may be at the surface of a soil or at anydepth beneath the surface if it is buried. An horizon formed by illuviation of organic
material into a mineral subsoil is not an O-horizon, though some horizons formed in this
matter contain much organic matter.1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 15
Parameter Units H/O Min Approved methods Remarks
Base cations exchange-
able (BCE)(cmol+/kg)) Optional Mandatory Extractant: BaCl 2
Acid cations exchange-
able (ACE)(cmol+/kg) Optional Mandatory Extractant: BaCl 2
Cation exchange capacity
(CEC)(cmol+/kg) Optional Mandatory Bascomb
Base saturation (BaseSat) (%) Optional Mandatory Labex L8703-26-1-1
Sodium (Na) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Aluminium (Al) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Iron (Fe) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Chromium (Cr) (mg/kg) Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Nickel (Ni) (mg/kg) Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Manganese (Mn) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Zinc (Zn) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Copper (Cu) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Lead (Pb) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Cadmium (Cd) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Mercurium (Hg) (mg/kg) Optional Extractant: aqua regia
Sulphur (S) (mg/kg) Optional Optional Extractant: aqua regia
pH (H2O) Optional Optional pH-electrode
Electric conductivity
(EC)(mS/m) Optional Optional EC-metre
Member States are free to analyse more, all, or part of the optional
parameters.
II.7.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see Annex VII, Form 4a, 4b, and 4c).!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 16
ANNEXV
COMMONMETHODSFORTHEFOLIAGEINVENTORYONTHE
PERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The inventory is to be carried out on all permanent observation plots. The
first common inventory shall be completed before the summer of 1996.Although it is recommended to carry out the foliage inventory in the
indicated periods of summer 1995 and winter 1995/96, it could be allowed
that the inventoryis split over twoyears. The inventory will berepeated oneach individual plot in a twoyear interval. The followingtechnical detailsare based on the results of the expert panel for foliar analysis of ICP
forests. Reference is made to the manual (1993) prepared by this expert
panel.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Dateofsampling
Deciduous species (includinglarch):samplingmustbe donewhenthe new
leaves are fully developed, and before the very beginning of the autumnalyellowingand senescence. Everg reen species: samplingmust be doneduringthe dormancy period. Member States are requested to define for
each region, and inside each region for plains and mountains, the most
convenient period for the samplingand analysis of thevarious species, andto keep to this period.
II.2.Selectionoftrees
Every second year, at least five trees of each main species present in the
plot are sampled.
The number of trees needed for the samplingare selected in such a way
that:
— the trees are different from those used for the crown assessment, in
order to avoid that successive samplings introduce loss of foliage,
— in case the vitality assessment is restricted to the trees in the sub-plot,
the trees for the foliage sampling shall be selected from the remainingpart of the total plot. If no sub-plot is used the trees for samplingshall
be selected from the trees in the buffer zone. In this case the trees
selected for samplingin the buffer zone shall be g iven a specialnumber (see Annex VII),
— the trees belongto the predominant and dominant classes (forest with
closed canopy) or to the trees with average height ± 20 % (forest with
open canopy),
— the trees are in the vicinity of the locations where soil samples were
taken for anaylsis; however care must be taken that the main roots of
the sample trees have not been damaged by soil sampling,
— the trees are representative of the mean defoliation level of the plot
(± 5 % of the mean foliage loss),
— the trees are representative of the sanitary status of the plot.
The same sample trees shall be sampled over the years; the trees must be
numbered. For species with small crowns and too few needles (or leaves)per year, it isallowed(but notrecommended) toalternate between two setsof five trees, when necessry to avoid damage to the sample trees. Each set
mut respond to the above conditions.
Only trees of the main species of the Community are to be sampled (see
Annex VII, item 15).
Trees which are used for the samplingof foliag e, shall be assessed on
crown condition (see Annex III), usingthe existingor the specially
assigned numbers.
II.3.Generalbackgroundinformation
The followinginformation shall be collected:
— plot number,
— data of samplingand analysis;!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 17
— tree species.
II.4.Selectionandquantityofleavesandneedles
The trees in the plot cannot be felled, which may influence the sampling
method of leaves or needles. It is important that sampled leaves or needleshavedevelopedinfulllight.Generallyspeakingthecurrentyearneedles or
leaves of evergreen species are most convenient for judging the nutrition
level but, for a number of elements, comparingelement concentration inolder needles with that in current year needles may be interesting.
The sampled leaves or needles must be taken from the upper third of
crown, but not from the very first whorls in the conifers; in stands where
the different whorls can be clearly identified, it is advisable to samplebetween the seventh and the 15th whorl.
For deciduous species, samplingis done on current year leaves or needles.
For evergreen species, sampling of both the current year needles or leaves
and the second year needles or leaves (current + 1) is recommended.
For all species it is necessary to take care that leaves or needles which are
sampled are mature ones, especially for species which have several flushes
per year (e.g. Pinus Halepensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Eucalyptus sp.
Quercussp. ,F o rLarixsp. andCedrussp. samples are taken of the short
twigs of the previous year.
In general sampling must be carried out in such a way that all the
orientations are represented in the set of sample trees. If necessary it is
allowed to sample different orientations on each tree of the sample set. Inspecial sites with evident influence of one orientation (e.g. steep slopes orstrongdominant wind) only one orientation is sampled, which always has
to be the same. In such cases, it is necessary to document the orientation.
For the analysis of major elements and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, the recommended
quantity is 30 grams of fresh needles or leaves for each sampled age class.
Each country may decide to sample a larger quantity of leaf material,
accordingto the need of its own analytical methods, or in order to
conserve samples for the future.
II.5.Meansofsampling
As trees cannot be felled, any convenient way of sampling, taking into
consideration kind and size of stands etc., is acceptable, provided that itdoes not lead to contamination of the sample, to heavy tree damage, or torisks for the samplingteam.
II.6.Pretreatmentbeforesendingthesamplestothelaboratoriesforanalysis
At least fivetrees of each main species present in the plot are sampled;the
five samples are individually preserved in bags; for analysis, a composite
sample is made by mixingequal quantities of each of the five samples (in
case the five trees are analysed individually, the mean value is calculatedfor each element).
For broadleaves, it may be advisable to detach the leaves from the twigs
(and even, in certain species, the small leaves from the axis) bus this is not
necessary for the conifer needles. The shoots of the current year and thoseof the second year are separated and preserved in separate bags. The useofpierced high density polyethylene bags is recommended. If possible,
samples are dried in a clean room and stored in a cool place in pierced
polyethylene bags.
Great care must be taken to clearly mark each sample (forest, number of
plot, species, age of needles, etc.) before sending it to the laboratory for
analysis. These identifications must be given outside the bag (directly on
the bagby indelible ink, or by claspinga label on the bag ). It isrecommended to repeat these identifications inside the bagon a paperlabel written with indelible ink. The label should be folded in order to
avoid leaves or needle contamination by contact with ink.
II.7.Treatmentbeforeanalysis
The determination of the mass of 100 leaves or 1 000 needles, as well as
the shoot mass, are recommended for the intensive and continuous
surveillance onthepermanentobservationplotsandthecurrentyearshoot.
It is not necessary to cut the petioles of the leavesbut in case of compound
leaves it may be advisable to detach the small leaves from the axis if this
has not been done in the forest. To avoid contamination, no powdered
plastic gloves shall be used.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 18
It is not necessry to systematically wash the samples, but it may be
advisable in regions with a high level of air pollution or near the sea. The
samples shall be washed with water without any additions.
Ovendryingmust be done at nomore than 80°Cfor at least 24hours.The
needles shall be removed from the twigs with the same precautions as fordetachingthe small leaves from their axis.
Dry samples shall be ground in order to obtain a fine powder, as
homogeneous as possible. There will always remain some fibres,dependingon the tree species; this is not a major inconvenience if theyare small and if the powder is mixed carefully before takingsamples for
analysis. For Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Al and Pb determination, it has to be assured
that the grinder does not contaminate the samples. The grinder may betested by grinding dried fibrous cellulose and analysing it for theseelements before and after the grinding.
II.8.Chemicalanalyses
Only the total element concentration is determined.
In the ‘Manual on methodologies for leaf and needle sampling and
analyses’ prepared by the foliar expert panel of the ICP forests, the
indicative methods for the analysis of the various foliar parameters aredescribed.
Each country is allowed to use its national methods. But is is necessary to
compare the total element concentrations obtained by national methods
with those certified on the reference standard samples. The foliageinventorywilldistinguishbetweenmandatoryandoptionalparameters (seelist below).
Parameters
Mandatory parameters Optional parameters
Nitrogen (N)
Sulphur (S)
Phosphorus (P)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Potassium (K)Sodium (Na)
Zinc (Zn)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Copper (Cu)
Lead (Pb)
Aluminium (Al)
Borium (B)
Member States are free to analyse more, all, or part of the optional
parameters.
II.9.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see Annex VII, Form 5a, 5b, and 5c).!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 19
ANNEXVI
COMMONMETHODSFORINCREMENTCHANGEMEASUREMENTS
ONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
The first measurement is to be carried out on all permanent observation
plots in the period 1994 until 1996.
The measurement of the growth is divided into two parts:— periodic measurements on tree parameters,— tree ringanalysis by means of increment cores and stem discs
(optional).
The periodic measurements will be repeated on each individual plot in the
dormancy period 1999 to 2000 and will then be repeated in a five year
interval. The samplingand analysis of increment cores and stem discs
could be carried out once preferably duringthe installation or soon after.
The followingtechnical details are based on the results of the expert panel
on increment of ICP forests. Reference is made to the manual prepared by
this expert panel.
Themethodologiesdescribedhereareinappropriateformaquisandsimilar
vegetation types.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Dateofmeasurements
Measurements should be done duringthe dormancy period.
II.2.Selectionofsampletrees
In principle all trees in the total plot are to be monitored. In the case that
the plot has many trees (e.g. dense stands), a sub-plot may have been
defined to be used for the tree assessment (e.g. crown assessment and
increment). In this case the trees in the sub-plot are to be monitored. Thesize of the sub-plot at the time of the inventory should be large enough togive reliable estimates for stand increment over the entire measurement
period. The exact size of this sub-plot shall be determined and reported.
II.3.Methods
Periodic measurements
Every five years, all trees in the (sub-)plot are measured.
Tree ringanalysis (increment cores and stem disc)As the samplingof increment cores could influence other measurements
these samples are taken from trees outside the plot. As trees for stem disc
samplinghave to be felled, the trees selected have to be so far away from
the plot that no effects of this removal can affect the monitored trees in theplot. At the same time the sample trees shall be representative to the treesin the plot. Whenever possible, maximum use shall be made of trees felled
duringnormal manag ement operations.
II.4.Generalbackgroundinformation
The followinginformation shall be collected:
— plot number,
— data of samplingand analysis,
— tree number.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 20
II.5.Parameterstobemeasured
Mandatory parameters Optional parameters
Periodic measurements Tree species
Diameter at breast
height (DBH)
Information on man-
agement operationsBark
Tree height
Crown height
Crown width
Volume estimates
Tree ringanalysis Ringwidth
History of the tree di-
ameter under bark in
five years intervals
Basal area and volume
estimates
Member Statesare free toanalysemore,or part ofthe optional parameters.
Member States are allowed to use their own national system and methods.
Suggested methods and details on measurements procedures are described
in the ‘Submanual on increment’ prepared by the increment panel of theICP forests.
II.6.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see Annex VII, Forms 6a, 6b, 6c and6d).!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 21
ANNEXVII
COMMONGUIDELINESFORTHEREPORTINGOFTHERESULTSOF
THESURVEILLANCEONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
ANDTHEIRINTERPRETATION
I.Generalremarks
The purpose of the network of permanent observation plots is to obtain
detailed data on the evolution of forest ecosystems in the Community and
to try to correlate the variation of environmental factors, especiallyatmospheric pollution, and the reaction of the forest ecosystems.
This purpose can only be reached by evaluatingthe results on the plot
level. Comparison between the results of different permanent plots on
regional or Community level will have to be done with great care. It isrecommended that the validated data of each survey (or completed part) issubmitted to the Commission as soon as the data become available, using
the standardized forms in this Annex.
Member States shall forward to the Commission the data collected from
the different inventories carried out between 1991 and 1996 for eachpermanentplottogetherwithaninterpretation oftheresultsper plot.By31
December 1996, all data and the national interpretation shall be available
at the Commission in a standardized form for further evaluation.
Thevalidated data from the inventories after 1996 will be forwarded to the
Commission upon completion of the surveys, with new deadlines every
five years (e.g. 31 December 2001, 2006, etc.).
InthisAnnexthedetail onthesubmissionoftheinventoryresultsandtheir
interpretation are presented.
II.Generaltechnicalinformationforthesubmissionofdata
II.1.Hardwarerequirements
As medium for the data submission, the 3,5 @floppy disk (DSDD or HD)
has been selected. This floppy has become a worldwide standard and is
cheap and durable. Diskettes of good quality are to be used.
II.2.Softwarerequirements
The diskettes are to be formatted on the appropriate density (DSDD = low
density and HD = high density), using DOS 2.1 or higher, and should be100 % IBM compatible. All information on the diskette shall be in ASCIIcharacters.
II.3.Datafiles
Each diskette (or set of diskettes) shall contain the plot and data files; the
file with the summarized information of the plots (plot file), and file(s)
with the inventoried results per survey (data files). Details on the names
and the contents of these files are presented in Annex VIIa.
II.4.Exampleondiskette
On request a diskette with an example of the structure and contents of the
files can be supplied.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 22
ANNEXVIIa
SUBMISSIONOFDA TAPERPERMANENTPLOTINADIGITAL
FORMAT
Reviewoffilenamespersurvey
In the Annexes before, the details have been desribed of the inventory methods.
After assessment, sampling/analysis, validation and evaluation, the data are to be
submitted to the Commission in a standardized form. In this Annex the
standardized form for each assessment is defined.
For each assessment the validated data are to be presented in one or more files
with a standard format.
Assessment Annex Frequency File name(s)
Installation I Once XXGENER.PLT
Crown assessment III Yearly XX1995.PLT,XX1995.TRE
Soil inventory IV Five or 10
yearlyXX1995.PLS,XX1995.SOM,XX1995.SOO
Foliage inventory V Two yearly XX1995.PLF,XX1995.FOM,XX1995.FOO
Increment VI Five yearly XX1995.PLI,XX1995.IPM,XX1995.IRA,XX1995.IEV
Deposition VIII Continuous XX1995.PLD, XX1995.DEM, XX1995.DEO, XX1995.DEA
Meteorology IX Continuous XX1995.PLM, XX1995.MEM, XX1995.MEC, Form 8d,
XX1995.MEO et XX1995.MED
Soil solution X Continuous XX1996.PSS, XX1996.SSM, XX1996.SSO
Each filename consists of the two-letter country code (represented by XX in the
list of file names) followed by the year of assessment (in the example 1996) or
GENERwhentheinformation isgivenonlyonce,thedot(.)andinthe extensionathree-letter code. This three-letter code for the plotfiles consists of the letter PL(orP)andthe firstletter(s) ofthe assessmentSoil,Foliage, Increment, Deposition,
Meteorology and Soil Solution. The three-letter code for the data file consists of
two(orone)letter(s) forSoil,Foliage, Increment, Deposition,MeteorologyorSoilSolution and one (or two) letter(s) to indicate Mandatory, Optional or the differentparts of the increment assessment (Evaluation), deposition assessment (Air) or
Meteorology (Climate or Damage).!
B
!M1
!M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 23
Form1a
XXGENER.PLT
Contentsoffilewiththeinformationonplotleveltobecompletedduringinstallation(SeeAnnexI)
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 24
Form1b
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 25
!M2
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 26
!M2
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 27
Form4a
XX1993.PLS
Contentsofreducedplotfiletobeusedincombinationwiththeforestsoilinventory(seeAnnexIV)
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 28
Form4b
XX1993.SOM
Contentsoffilewithsoilanalysisinformation(mandatory)
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 29
!B
Form4c
XX1993.SOO
Contentsoffilewithsoilanalysisinformation(optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 30
!B
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 31
Form5a
XX1993.PLF
Contentsofreducedplotfiletobeusedincombinationwiththesurveyofchemicalcontentofneedlesandleaves(see
AnnexV)
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 32
!B
Form5b
XX1993.FOM
Contentsoffilewithfoliaranalysisinformation(mandatory)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 33
Form5c
XX1993.FOO
Contentsoffilewithfoliaranalysisinformation(optional)
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 34
Form6a
XX1993.PLI
Contentsofreducedplotfiletobeusedforincrement(seeAnnexVI)
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 35
Form6b
XX1993.IPM
Contentsoffilewithincrementinformation—periodicmeasurements
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 36
!B
Form6c
XX1993.IRA
Contentsoffileofincrementinformation—ringanalysisandstemdiscanalysis(optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 37
!B
Form6d
XX1993.IEV
Contentsofevaluateddataonincrement(optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 38
!M1
Form7a
XX1995.PLD
Contentsofreducedplotfiletobeusedincombinationwiththedepositionmeasurements
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 39
!M1
Form7b
XX1995.DEM
Contentsofdatafilewithdepositionmeasurements(mandatoryparameters)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 40
!M1
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 41
!M1
Form7c
XX1995.DEO
Contentsofdatafilewithdepositionmeasurements(Optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 42
!M1
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 43
!M1
Form7d
XX1995.DEA
Contentsofdatafilewithairconcentrationmeasurements(Optional)
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 44
!M1
Form8a
XX1995.PLM
Contentsofreducedplotfiletobeusedincombinationwiththemeteorologicmeasurements
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 45
!M1
Form8b
XX1995.MEM
Contentsofdatafilewithmeteorologicmeasurements
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 46
!M1
Form8c
XX1995.MEC
Contentsofdatafilewithclimatologicestimates
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 47
!M1
Form8d
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 48
!M1
Form8e
XX1995.MEO
Contentsofdatafilewithoccurrencesofidentifiedevents/phenomena
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 49
!M1
Form8f
XX1995.MED
Contentsofplotfilewithobserveddamagecausedbymeteorologicevents/phenomena
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 50
!M2
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 51
!M2
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 52
!M2
1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 53
CODELISTSFORTHESURVEYDATA OFTHEPERMANENT
OBSERVATIONPLOTSTOBEFORWARDEDTOTHECOMMISSION
The followinginstructions and codes are to be adopted by the Member States to
complete the common observation
Informationonplotlevel
(1)Country
01 : France
02 : België — Belgique
03 : Nederland
04 : Deutschland
05 : Italia
06 : United Kingdom07 : Ireland08 : Danmark
09 : Ellas
10 : Portugal11 : España12 : Luxembourg
13 : Sverige
14 : Österreich
15 : Suomi-Finland
(2)Observationplotnumber
The observation plot number corresponds to a unique number given to the
permanent plot duringthe selection or installation.
(3)Dateofobservation,dateofassessment,dateofanalysis
Dates shall be completed in the followingorder day, month and year:
Day Month Year
08 09 94
(4)Latitude-/longitudecoordinates
Fill in the full six figure latitude and longitude coordinates of the centre of
the observation plot.
e.g.
+/− Degrees Minutes Seconds
— latitude +501027
— longitude −011532
the first box is used to indicate a + or − coordinate
(5)Availabilityofwatertoprincipalspecies(estimate)
1 : Insufficient
2 : Sufficient!B
!M2
!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 54
3 : Excessive
(6)Humustype
1 : Mull
2 : Moder3: M o r
4 : Anmor
5 : Peat6 : Other7 : Raw (Roh)
(7)Altitude
1:450 m
2 : 51— 100 m
3 : 101— 150 m4 : 151— 200 m5 : 201— 250 m
6 : 251— 300 m
7 : 301— 350 m8 : 351— 400 m9 : 401— 450 m
10 : 451— 500 m
11 : 501— 550 m12 : 551— 600 m13 : 601— 650 m
14 : 651— 700 m
15 : 701— 750 m16 : 751— 800 m17 : 801— 850 m
18 : 851— 900 m
19 : 901— 950 m20 : 951—1 000 m21 : 1 001—1 050 m
22 : 1 051—1 100 m
23 : 1 101—1 150 m24 : 1 151—1 200 m25 : 1 201—1 250 m
26 : 1 251—1 300 m
27 : 1 301—1 350 m28 : 1 351—1 400 m29 : 1 401—1 450 m
30 : 1 451—1 500 m
31 : 1 501—1 550 m32 : 1 551—1 600 m33 : 1 601—1 650 m
34 : 1 651—1 700 m
35 : 1 701—1 750 m36 : 1 751—1 800 m37 : 1 801—1 850 m
38 : 1 851—1 900 m
39 : 1 901—1 950 m40 : 1 951—2 000 m!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 55
41 : 2 001—2 050 m
42 : 2 051—2 100 m
43 : 2 101—2 150 m
44 : 2 151—2 200 m45 : 2 201—2 250 m46 : 2 251—2 300 m
47 : 2 301—2 350 m
48 : 2 351—2 400 m49 : 2 401—2 450 m50 : 2 451—2 500 m
51 : 42 500 m
(8)Orientation
1: N
2: N E3: E
4: S E
5: S6: S W7: W
8: N W
9 : flat
(9)Meanageofdominantstorey(years)
1:420
2 : 21— 40
3 : 41— 60
4 : 61— 805 : 81—1006 : 101—120
7: 420
8 : Irregular stands
(10)Soilunit
Fluvisols
101 Eutric Fluvisols
102 Calcaric Fluvisols
103 Dystric Fluvisols104 Mollic Fluvisols105 Umbric Fluvisols
106 Thionic Fluvisols
107 Salic Fluvisols
Gleysols
108 Eutric Gleysols
109 Calcic Gleysols110 Dystric Gleysols111 Andic Gleysols
112 Mollic Gleysols
113 Umbric Gleysols114 Thionic Gleysols!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 56
115 Gelic Gleysols
Regosols
116 Eutric Regosols
117 Calcaric Regosols118 Gypsic Regosols
119 Dystric Regosols
120 Umbric Regosols121 Gelic Regosols
Leptosols
122 Eutric Leptosols
123 Dystric Leptosols124 Rendzic Leptosols
125 Mollic Leptosols
126 Umbric Leptosols127 Lithic Leptosols128 Gelic Leptosols
Arenosols
129 Haplic Arenosols
130 Cambic Arenosols
131 Luvic Arenosols
132 Ferralic Arenosols133 Albic Arenosols134 Calcaric Arenosols
135 Gleyic Arenosols
Andosols
136 Haplic Andosols
137 Mollic Andosols
138 Umbric Andosols139 Vitric Andosols140 Gleyic Andosols
141 Gelic Andosols
Vertisols
142 Eutric Vertisols
143 Dystric Vertisols
144 Calcic Vertisols145 Gypsic Vertisols
Cambisols
146 Eutric Cambisols
147 Dystric Cambisols148 Humic Cambisols
149 Calcaric Cambisols
150 Chromic Cambisols151 Vertic Cambisols152 Ferralic Cambisols
153 Gleyic Cambisols
154 Gelic Cambisols!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 57
Calcisols
155 Haplic Calcisols
156 Luvic Calcisols157 Petric Calcisols
Gypsisols
158 Haplic Gypsisols
159 Calcic Gypsisols160 Luvic Gypsisols
161 Petric Gypsisols
Solonetz
162 Haplic Solonetz
163 Mollic Solonetz
164 Calcic Solonetz165 Gypsic Solonetz166 Stagnic Solonetz
167 Gleyic Solonetz
Solonchaks
168 Haplic Solonchaks
169 Mollic Solonchaks
170 Calcic Solonchaks171 Gypsic Solonchaks172 Sodic Solonchaks
173 Gleyic Solonchaks
174 Gelic Solonchaks
Kastanozems
175 Haplic Kastanozems
176 Luvic Kastanozems177 Calcic Kastanozems178 Gypsic Kastanozems
Chernozems
179 Haplic Chernozems
180 Calcic Chernozems
181 Luvic Chernozems
182 Glossic Chernozems183 Gleyic Chernozems
Phaeozems
184 Haplic Phaeozems
185 Calcaric Phaeozems186 Luvic Phaeozems
187 Stagnic Phaeozems
188 Gleyic Phaeozems
Greyzems
189 Haplic Greyzems
190 Gleyic Greyzems!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 58
Luvisols
191 Haplic Luvisols
192 Ferric Luvisols193 Chromic Luvisols194 Calcic Luvisols
195 Vertic Luvisols
196 Albic Luvisols197 Stagnic Luvisols198 Gleyic Luvisols
Lixisols
199 Haplic Lixisols
200 Ferric Lixisols
201 Plinthic Lixisols
202 Albic Lixisols203 Stagnic Lixisols204 Gleyic Lixisols
Planosols
205 Eutric Planosols
206 Dystric Planosols
207 Mollic Planosols
208 Umbric Planosols209 Gelic Planosols
Podzoluvisols
210 Eutric Podzoluvisols
211 Dystric Podzoluvisols212 Stagnic Podzoluvisols
213 Gleyic Podzoluvisols
214 Gelic Podzoluvisols
Podzols
215 Haplic Podzols
216 Cambic Podzols217 Ferric Podzols218 Carbic Podzols
219 Gleyic Podzols
220 Gelic Podzols
Acrisols
221 Haplic Acrisols
222 Ferric Acrisols223 Humic Acrisols224 Plinthic Acrisols
225 Gleyic Acrisols
Alisols
226 Haplic Alisols
227 Ferric Alisols
228 Humic Alisols229 Plinthic Alisols!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 59
230 Stagnic Alisols
231 Gleyic Alisols
Nitisols
232 Haplic Nitisols
233 Rhodic Nitisols234 Humic Nitisols
Ferralsols
235 Haplic Ferralsols
236 Xanthic Ferralsols
237 Rhodic Ferralsols238 Humic Ferralsols239 Geric Ferralsols
240 Plinthic Ferralsols
Plinthosols
241 Eutric Plinthosols
242 Dystric Plinthosols243 Humic Plinthosols
244 Albic Plinthosols
Histosols
245 Folic Histosols
246 Terric Histosols
247 Fibric Histosols
248 Thionic Histosols249 Gelic Histosols
Anthrosols
250 Aric Anthrosols
251 Fimic Anthrosols
252 Cumulic Anthrosols253 Urbic Anthrosols
(11)Sizeoftotalplot,sizeofsub-plot
The size of the total plot, or sub-plot shall be stated in 0,0001 ha.
(12)Numberoftreesintotalplot
The total number of trees in the total plot. All trees from 5 cm (DBH) and
more are counted.
(13)Yieldestimates
The yield estimates consist of an absolute and a relative yield estimate.
The absolute estimatewill bethe estimated averageyield over the total life
period of the stand. The relative yield will indicate whether the absolute
yield estimate is considered to be low, normal or high for the stand. Thefollowingcodes will be used:!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 60
Absolute yield code Relative yield code
0 = 0,0— 2,5 m3per hectare per year
1 = 2,5— 7,5 m3per hectare per year
2 = 7,5—12,5 m3per hectare per year
3 = 12,5—17,5 m3per hectare per year
4 = 17,5—22,5 m3per hectare per year
5=422,5 m3per hectare per year1 = Low
2 = Normal
3 = High
(99)OtherObservations
Relevant information concerningthe plot shall be stated here.
Informationontreelevel
to be used in the crown assessment
(14)Sampletreenumber
The tree number is the number which has been assigned to the tree during
the installation of the plot.
(15)Species(Reference Flora Europaea )
Broadleaves (* = species to be used for the foliage inventory)
001 :Acercampestre*
002 :Acermonspessulanum*
003 :Aceropalus
004 :Acerplatanoides
005 :Acerpseudoplatanus*
006 :Alnuscordata*
007 :Alnusglutinosa*
008 :Alnusincana
009 :Alnusviridis
010 :Betulapendula*
011 :Betulapubescens*
012 :Buxussempervirens
013 :Carpinusbetulus*
014 :Carpinusorientalis
015 :Castaneasativa(C.vesca)*
016 :Corylusavellana*
017 :Eucalyptussp.*
018 :Fagusmoesiaca*
019 :Fagusorientalis
020 :Fagussylvatica*
021 :Fraxinusangustifolia
spp.oxycarpa(F.oxyphylla)*
022 :Fraxinusexcelsior*
023 :Fraxiusornus*
024 :Ilexaquifolium
025 :Juglansnigra
026 :Juglansregia
027 :Malusdomestica
028 :Oleaeuropaea*
029 :Ostryacarpinifolia*
030 :Platanusorientalis!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 61
031 :Populusalba
032 :Populuscanescens
033 :Populushybrides*
034 :Populusnigra*
035 :Populustremula*
036 :Prunusavium*
037 :Prunusdulcis(Amygdaluscommunis)
038 :Prunuspadus
039 :Prunusserotina
040 :Pyruscommunis
041 :Quercuscerris*
042 :Quercuscoccifera(Q.calliprinos)*
043 :Quercusfaginea*
044 :Quercusfrainetto(Q.conferta)*
045 :Quercusfruticosa(Q.lusitanica)
046 :Quercusilex*
047 :Quercusmacrolepis(Q.aegilops)
048 :Quercuspetraea*
049 :Quercuspubescens*
050 :Quercuspyrenaica(Q.toza)*
051 :Quercusrobur(Q.peduculata)*
052 :Quercusrotundifolia*
053 :Quercusrubra*
054 :Quercussuber*
055 :Quercustrojana
056 :Robiniapseudoacacia*
057 :Salixalba
058 :Salixcaprea
059 :Salixcinerea
060 :Salixeleagnos
061 :Salixfragilis
062 :Salixsp.
063 :Sorbusaria
064 :Sorbusaucuparia
065 :Sorbusdomestica
066 :Sorbustorminalis
067 :Tamarixafricana
068 :Tiliacordata
069 :Tiliaplatyphyllos
070 :Ulmusglabra(U.scabra,U.montana)
071 :Ulmuslaevis(U.effusa)
072 :Ulmusminor(U.campestris,U.carpinifolia)
073 :Arbutusunedo
074 :Arbutusandrachne
075 :Ceratoniasiliqua
076 :Cercissiliquastrum
077 :Ericaarborea
078 :Ericascoparia
079 :Ericamanipuliflora
080 :Laurusnobilis
081 :Myrtuscommunis
082 :Phillyrealatifolia
083 :Phillyreaangustifolia!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 62
084 :Pistacialentiscus
085 :Pistaciaterebinthus
086 :Rhamnusoleoides
087 :Rhamnusalaternus
099 :Otherbroadleaves
Conifers (* = species to be used for the foliage inventory)
100 :Abiesalba*
101 :Abiesborisii-regis*
102 :Abiescephalonica*
103 :Abiesgrandis
104 :Abiesnordmanniana
105 :Abiespinsapo
106 :Abiesprocera
107 :Cedrusatlantica
108 :Cedrusdeodara
109 :Cupressuslusitanica
110 :Cupressussempervirens
111 :Juniperuscommunis
112 :Juniperusoxycedrus*
113 :Juniperusphoenicea
114 :Juniperussabina
115 :Juniperusthurifera*
116 :Larixdecidua*
117 :Larixkaempferi(L.leptolepis)
118 :Piceaabies(P.excelsa)*
119 :Piceaomorika
120 :Piceasitchensis*
121 :Pinusbrutia*
122 :Pinuscanariensis
123 :Pinuscembra
124 :Pinuscontorta*
125 :Pinushalepensis*
126 :Pinusheldreichii
127 :Pinusleucodermis
128 :Pinusmugo(P.montana)
129 :Pinusnigra*
130 :Pinuspinaster*
131 :Pinuspinea*
132 :Pinusradiata(P.insignis)*
133 :Pinusstrobus
134 :Pinussylvestris*
135 :Pinusuncinata*
136 :Pseudotsugamenziesii*
137 :Taxusbaccata
138 :Thuyasp.
139 :Tsugasp.
199 :Otherconifers
(16)Defoliation
Defoliation figure for each sample tree expressed as a percentage (in steps
of 5 %)compared with atreewith complete foliage. The actual percentage
is used.!B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 63
0= 0%
5= 1 -5%
10 = 6-10 %
15 = 11-15 %
etc.
(17)Discolourationcodes
0 : no discolouration (0-10 %)
1 : slight discolouration (11-25 %)2 : moderate discolouration (26-60 %)
3 : severe discolouration ( 460 %)
4 : dead
(18)Easilyidentifiablecausesofdamage
Add a mark (1) in the correspondingcolumn(s).
T1 = game and grazing
T2 = presence or traces of an excessive number of insectsT3 = fungi
T4 = abiotic agents (wind, snow, frost, drought, …)
T5 = direct action of manT6 = fireT7 = known local/regional pollutant
T8 = other
(19)Identificationofdamagetype
Where possible, further identification of the damage type should be added,
e.g. for insects: the species or group (e.g. ‘bark beetles’).
(20)Otherobservationsontreelevel
Any additional observations which may be of interest shall be clearly
noted on the form, (e.g. possible influencing factors (recent drought,
temperature extremes); other damage/stress symtoms).
to be used in the soil condition inventory
(21)Codefordepthlevel
O = Organic layer (see footnote in paragraph II.4 for definition)
H = Organic layer (see footnote in paragraph II.4 for definition)
M05 = Mineral soil between 0 and 5 cm (optional)M51 = Mineral soil between 5 and 10 cm (optional)M01 = Mineral soil between 0 and 10 cm (mandatory)
M12 = Mineral soil between 10 and 20 cm (mandatory)
M24 = Mineral soil between 20 and 40 cm (mandatory)M48 = Mineral soil between 40 and 80 cm (mandatory)
(22)Codeofsamplinganalysismethod(SAM)
For each parameter that has been determined in one or more soil samples,
one of the followingcodes is included in the first dataline, and used toindicate the sample type under sample code:
0 = no deviation from approved method
1 = parameters havebeen determined through an alternativemethod
(details to be included in an annex to the soil condition report),or first (sub)sample!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 64
2-8 = codes to be used for any subsequent subsamples
9 = parameters havebeendeterminedthroughrecomputation ofdata
determined through a different method (details to be included in
the annex to the soil condition report)
to be used in the foliage inventory
(23)Samplecode
The sample code for the foliage inventory consists of the tree species code
(see explanation item 15) followed by the code for leaves/needles of the
currentyear(=0)orofthecurrent +1leaves/needles(1).e.g.thesample ofthe needles of last year (1) of the Piceaabies (118) is thus: 118.1
(24)Treenumbersofthesample
Asinsomesamplings(foliage, increment) treesoutsidethenormal plot(or
sub-plot) have to be used, special numbers have to be applied. Thenumbersofthese treeswillstartwithaletter (F=foliage, R=ringanalysis
by increment borings, D = discs analysis) followed with a sequence
number (e.g. F001). The numbers are to be reported.
(25)Massof100leavesor1000needles
The mass is determined of 100 leaves or 1 000 needles (oven-dry) in
grams.
(26)Shootmass
The mass of the shoot is determined (oven-dry) in grams.
to be used in the increment assessment
(27)Diameteratbreastheight(DBH)
The diameter at breast height (1,30 m) over bark in 0,1 centimetres.
When a diameter tape is used a singlevaluewill be needed. When calipers
are used the maximum and the minimum diameter (over bark) shall be
determined and reported (diameter 1 and diameter 2).
(28)Bark
The thickness of the bark at 1,30 m, expressed in centimetres with one
decimal.
(29)Heightofthetree
The height of the tree expressed in metres and rounded off to the nearest
0,5 metres.
(30)Treevolume
Based on the measured diameter(s) and height, the tree volume can be
estimated usinglocally known form factors or throug h the use of valid
volume tables. The tree volume shall be expressed in cubic metres (m
3)
with three decimals.
(31)Crownlength
The length of the crown rounded off to the nearest 0,5 metres is
determined from the tip of the stem to the lowest live branch excludingwater shoots.
(32)Crownwidth
The average crown width is determined by the average of at least four
crown radii, multiplied by two, and rounded off to the nearest 0,5 metres.!
B1994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 65
(33)Diameterunderbark
The actual diameter under bark is calculated as the diameter over bark
deducted with the width of the bark at the two sides. The diameter under
bark of five years ago is calculated as the actual diameter under bark lessthe increment of the last five years of the tree at both sides. The diameterunder bark is expressed in 0,1 centimeters.
(34)Basalareaperplot
The actual basal area per plot iscalculated asthe total basalareas ofall the
trees in the plot. The basal area per plot of five years ago is calculated on
the basis of the estimated diameter under bark of five years ago of all thetrees in the plot. Basal area per plot is expressed in 0,1 m
2.
(35)Volumeperplot
The actual volume per plot is calculated as the total volume of all the trees
in the plot. Thevolume per plot offiveyears ago is calculated on the basis
ofthe estimated diameter underbarkoffiveyearsagoofallthetreesinthe
plot. Volume per plot is expressed in 0,1 m3.
(36)Thinnings
If a thinninghas taken place in the five-year period between the twoyears
of determination of diameter, basal area per plot and volume per plot, thiswill be indicated (Yes = 1, No = 0). In an additional part the details of this
thinningwill be described as detailed as possible (including : thinning
method, exact year of thinning, thinning intensity expressed as number oftrees, basal area/ha, volume/ha).
(99)Otherobservations
Relevant information shall be stated here and explained in the
correspondingevaluation report (see Annex VIIb).
Informationwithregardtothedepositionmonitoring
(37)Samplercode
The followingcodes shall be used for the samplers for deposition.
1 : throughfall
2 : bulk deposition
3 : wet-only deposition
4 : stemflow5 : fog6 : frozen fog(rime)
7 : air concentration
9 : othersDetails on the equipment used shall be stated in an Annexto the document
with the background information.
(37a)Samplequantity
The total collected quantity of the sample(s) shall be divided by the
catchment area of the collectors) and shall be reported in mm.
(38)Firstandfinaldatesofthemonitoringperiod
The first and final dates of each monitoringperiod shall be stated on the
forms, usingthe same format as the date of observation, assessment andanalysis (see item 3).
A monitoringperiod shall consist of one or more measuringperiods. The
measuringperiods within one monitoringperiod should have the same
length. The minimum length of a measuring period is one week, themaximum one month.!
B
!M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 66
When it is necessary to use different measuringperiods duringthe year
(e.g. weekly in summer and monthly in winter), two separate monitoring
periods shall be identified and the results shall be reported separately on
the forms.
(39)Numberofmeasuringperiods
The number of measuringperiods in each monitoringperiod shall be
indicated in the forms.
(40)Period
Themeasuringperiodnumberinwhichthesamplehasbeencollected shall
be stated. Each year (on or around 1 January) a new set of measuringperiods will be started. When samples from several measuringperiods arecombined before analysis, the exact details of the mixingshall be stated in
the annex to the document with background information. The number of
the first measuringperiod shall be used to indicate the period for analysis(e.g. when the samples from period 9, 10, 11 and 12 are combined into asingle sample for the analysis, this samplewill begiven the period number
9).
Informationwithregardtometeorologicmonitoring
(41)Sitecode
In and near the plot a number of sites can be identified. As meteorologic
instruments canbeinstalled at different sites,each site hastobeidentified.The exact details ofthe site are to beincluded in an annex tothe document
with the meteorologic evaluation. Examples of possible site codes are:
In the plot
1 : under canopy at standard meteorologic height (1,50 m)
2 : under canopy at height of 2 m (2,00 m)3 : under canpoy at ground level (0,10 m)4 : at canopy height
5 : above the canopy
6 : under canopy at depth of 20 cm (− 0,20 m)
Outside the plot
7 : open field, at standard meteorologic height (1,50 m)
8 : open field, at ground level (0,10 m)9 : open field, at height of 10,00 m
… etc.
(42)Instrumentcode
The followingcodes shall be used for the samplers for meteorolog y:
10 : manual reading
20 : mechanical recording
30 : paper recording40 : digital recording (stand alone)50 : digital recording (integrated datalogger)
When more instruments of different types, brands, ect. are used, the single
numbers can be used (e.g. 11; hair hygrometer, 12 wet/dry bulb).
Details on the equipment used shall be stated in an annex to the document
with the meteorologic evaluation.
(43)Temperatures
The temperatureswillbestated in°C,usingthe formatofaplus/minusand
two digits plus one decimal (e.g. − 12,5).!
M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 67
(44)RelativeHumidity
The relativehumidity will bestated asthe period average,usingthe format
of two digits and one decimal (e.g. 62,5).
(45)Windspeed
The windspeed will be stated as the average windspeed in metres per
second (m/s), using the format of at maximum three digits (e.g. 25).
(46)Winddirection
Ther predominant wind direction will be stated in ° of the compass rose
(North = 0°, East = 90°, South = 180° and West = 270°).
(47)SolarRadiation
The global solar radiation over the period will be stated in Watts per sq.
metre (W/m2).
(48)Occurrenceweeks
The occurrences will be stated in weeks usingthe standard week
numbering. Week 1 starts on or around 1 January. For the occurrence ofan event on a single day, the week numbers ‘from’ and ‘to’ are the same.
(49)Extremity
The extremity of an occurrence will be given a code:
1 : (Very) close accordingto the definition of the event/phenomena2 : Extremely longin duration
3 : Extremely intensive.
4 : Extremely longand extremely intensive.
(50)Observeddamage
The number and name under which the damage is mentioned in the Form
8d (if applicable) or a short indication and a reference to a more extensiveexplanation in the survey or evaluation report (see Annex IX, paragraphII.8) shall be stated. The same report should also include details on
extremity, symptoms and spreadingof the damag e.
Information with regard to the soil solution monitoring
(51)Samplernumber
The samplers in the plot shall be numbered in a permanent way (1 — 99).
(52)Samplercode
The followingcodes shall be used for the samplers for soil solution:
1 : Tension lysimeter
2 : Zero tension lysimeter3 : Centrifugation4 : Saturation extraction
(53)Samplingdepth
The samplingdepth in metres below the surface (e.g . −0.40)!
M1
!M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 68
Information with regard to the tree condition assessment
(54)Exposure
1 No special exposure (plot located within a larger forest areawith no or
gentle relief)
2 Limited exposure (plots near forest edge, on slopes, etc.)
3 Severely exposed plots (on mountain tops, etc.)
(55)Removals&Mortality
The tree has been cut and removed, only its stump has been left
11 planned utilization, e.g. thinning12 utilization for biotic reasons, e.g. insect damage
13 utilization for abiotic reasons, e.g. windthrow
18 reason for disappearance unknown
Tree is still standingand alive, but condition parameters are no long er
assessed
21 lop-sided or hanging tree22 heavy crown break (over 50 % of the crown) or broken stem
23 tree is no longer in Kraft class 1, 2 or 3 (not applicable to the first
inventory in a plot)
29 other reason (specify)
Standingdead tree
31 biotic reason, e.g. bark beetle attack32 abiotic reason, e.g. drought, lightning
38 unknown cause of death
Trees that have fallen (livingor dead)
41 abiotic reason, e.g. storm
42 biotic reason, e.g. beavers48 unknown cause
Notes:
— class 22 is only applicable in those countries that do not record trees
with more than 50 % crown damage
— class 23 is only applicable in those countries who restrict samplingto
Kraft classes 1, 2 and 3
(56)SocialClass
1 pre-dominant (includingfree standingtrees) trees with upper crown
standingabove the g eneral level of the canopy
2 dominant — trees with crowns formingthe g eneral level of the canopy3 co-dominant — trees extendinginto the canopy and receivingsome
light from above but shorter than 1 or 2
4 suppressed — trees with crowns below the general level of the canopy,
receivingno direct lig ht from above
(57)Crownshading
1 crown significantly affected (shaded or physical interactions) on one
side
2 crown significantly affected (shaded or physical interactions) on two
sides!
M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 69
3 crown significantly affected (shaded or physical interactions) on three
sides
4 crown significantly affected (shaded or physical interactions) on four
sides
5 crown open-grown or with no evidence of shading effects6 suppressed trees
(58)Visibility
1 whole crown is visible
2 crown only partially visible3 crown only visible with backlighting (i.e. in outline)4 crown not visible!
M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 70
ANNEXVIIb
DETAILSFORTHESUBMISSIONOFBACKGROUNDINFORMATION
ONTHEMONITORINGMETHODSAPPLIEDANDTHERESULTSOF
EVALUATION/INTERPRETATIONOBTAINEDONNATIONALLEVEL
I.Generalremarks
In addition to the submission of the data from the intensive monitoringof
forest ecosystems, Member States shall prepare and submit to theCommission a document with the background information on the
monitoringmethods applied (Data AccompanyingReport, DAR) and an
annual report on the progress made in the interpretation/evaluation ofresults on national level (annual progress report).
The DAR consists of two parts: the part describingthe actually applied
methods of the samplinglay-out, the equipment used, the assessment, the
analysis,etc. (fordetails seeparagraphII.1) andthe parton exceptions anddisturbances encountered (for details see paragraph II.2).
Member States shall submit to the Commission every year a report on
progress made in the interpretation/evaluation of results on national level,startingfrom 1997 onwards. This report shall comprise
— information on the achievements of the National Focal Centre (NFC)
itself,
— an (up-dated) description of the national evaluation strategy,— a summary of the results achieved on national level, and— information on publications made in this field on national or
international level by the NFC or other institutions involved.
Recommendations for interpretation and evaluation of results on national
level are given below in paragraph III.
II.DataAccompanyingReport
II.1 Part of the DAR describingthe methods actually applied, etc.
This part of the DAR describes the samplinglay-out methods actually
applied, the equipment used, the assessment, the analysis, etc. Thefollowingdetails are g iven:
Inventory/Samplingmethods
In many surveysof the intensivemonitoringofforest ecosystems there is a
large freedom in the selection of equipment, sampling depths, timing,intensity of the survey, etc. The details of the equipment actually applied,
the actual depth, timingand frequency of the survey/samplingshall be
stated. Whenever samples have been taken, details on this samplingincludingthe storag e and transport, shall be stated.
Any applied control measurements shall be described in short.
Methodsforanalysisandcalculationofresults
With regard to the analysis of samples, details of the preparation of the
samples and methods applied in the analysis shall be given. In most
surveys, certain methods for preparation and analysis are recommended.
Whenever methods different from the recommended methods have beenapplied, exact details of these methods shall be given includingpossibilities for (re-) calculation of the obtained data. Any applied control
measurements (participation in ringtests, etc.) shall be described in short.
As a basis for the description of the methods, the DAR questionnaires that
havebeen developed byForestIntensiveMonitoringCoordination Instituteof the European Commission, in close collaboration with the chairmen of
the expert panels of ICP Forests (UN/ECE), can be used for the general
description of the data assessment. The information submitted with thehelp of the DAR questionnaires will remain valid over the years until theapplied methods are changed.
Special attention shall be given to observe and document changes in the
applied methods of the inventory, transport and analysis. Regionaldifferences shall be stated and explained in full detail (e.g. differentlaboratories used for analysis).!
M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 71
II.2 Part of the DAR dealingwith exceptions and disturbances encountered
(annual DAR)
In addition to the general information on the methods described by using
the DAR questionnaire, the specific problems, exceptions, disturbancesand validation problems of the data submitted each year, are to bedescribed.
Exceptionsanddisturbances
Exceptional situationsandimportantdisturbancesfromtheroutineshallbe
reported. Besides the description of the applied methods for the sampling,analysis,etc.,aspresentedintheDARquestionnaires,gooddocumentationof the exceptions, exceptional situations and disturbances is needed. This
will be documented in an annual DAR report and submitted to the
Commission together with the submitted data.
Datavalidationanddatamanagement
The procedures applied for data quality control shall be given, including
limits of data rejection (plausibility checks) as well as the procedures that
have been applied to check the consistency of the national data sets.
When gaps exist in the data, estimates based on results from other sources
can be made in certain cases. These estimated data shall be indicated andthe used assumptions shall be carefully documented.
III.Annual report on progress made in the interpretation/evaluation of
resultsonnationallevel
This report provides information on progress made in the interpretation/
evaluation of results on national level. For the interpretation/evaluation of
results on national level the followingdetails are g iven:
Generalinformation
Member States shall execute an evaluation and interpretation of the
monitoringdata on national level.
Member States are free to decide which evaluation and interpretation is
carriedoutonnational levelandreportedtotheCommission.However,the
following suggestions are given for this evaluation:
Singlesurveyevaluationandinterpretation
Whenever results from earlier surveys are available an attempt should be
made to determine trends. The results of the single survey should be
reviewed and compared to results from other (similar) surveys carried out
in the (same) region/country. Differences and similarities are to beindicated and when applicable the differences should be evaluated. Alsorelevant data from other sources, which could explain certain relations in
parameters should be included in the evaluation here.
Integratedevaluationandinterpretation
With the completion of the different surveys, possibilities arise for
integrated evaluation. In the NFC, all survey results and evaluation reportsare collected. The NFC shall coordinate the integrated evaluation and the
interpretation of the different survey results on national level.
Evaluationandinterpretationwithexternaldata
The results of the integrated evaluation and interpretation found should be
reviewed and compared to results from other sources. Differences and
similarities should be noted and explained whenever possible.
IV.Timing for the submission of the DAR and the report on progress
madeintheinterpretation/evaluationofresultsonnationallevel
IV.1 Timingfor the DAR
The DAR questionnaire shall be completed and submitted to the
Commission with the first data submission. If the methods are changed
the information on the changes shall be submitted. The part of the DAR
dealingwith descriptions of noted disturbances and exceptions shall besubmitted to the Commission together with the annually submitted data.!
M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 72
IV.2 Timingfor the report on prog ress made in the interpretation/evaluation of
results on national level
Progress reports on evaluations and interpretations carried out on national
levelshallbeforwardedtothe Commissionbefore31December eachyear.!M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 73
ANNEXVIII
COMMONMETHODSFORDEPOSITIONMEASUREMENTSONTHE
PERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalsremarks
The measurements are to be carried out on a selection of the permanent
observation plots in a continous way. At least 10 % of the permanent
observation plot shall be selected for the monitoringof deposition by the
Member States. Measurements on throughfall (under canopy), stem flow(under canopy, in beech) and wet-only or bulk deposition (in an open areain the forest) will be mandatory. The installation of the equipment for the
mandatory items shall be completed by December 1995. All other
measurements such as: stemflow (in other species than beech), fogandair-concentrations are optional.
The depositions monitoringwill be done on a fixed period basis (for
example monthly or weekly). To reduce analysis costs samples may becombined from a number of consecutive periods.
The followingtechnical details are basedon the resultsof the Expert Panel
on Deposition of ICP Forests. Reference is made to the manual preparedby this Expert Panel especially regarding specific details of samplingequipment, samplingtechniques, quality assurance and data handling .
II.Monitoringmethodology
II.1.Monitoringundertheforestcanopy
Whenever possible the measuringequipment for throug hfall shall be
installed in the actual plot. To avoid damage to root systems, the parts thathave to be installed in pits (collectors, recorders, etc.) could be installed
outside the actual plot in the bufferzone. In beech forest equipment shall
also be installed for the collection of stemflow. As these collectors shouldalso be stored in a (or the same) pit, it is recommended to select treesoutside the actual plot, in for example the bufferzone.
The measurements of throughfall and stemflow should be made in such a
way that the results are representative for the plot area. This means that asufficient number of samples should be used.
II.2.Monitoringinanopenareaintheforest
At a location near the actual plot (within a distance of 2 km), wet-only
and/or bulk deposition collectors shall be installed. The location should be
selected in such away that the surroundingobjects are not closer than twotimes their height.
II.3.Measurementperiod
The measuringwill be made monthly, weeklyor at a time interval between
the two, e. g. every two or three weeks, depending mainly on the general
weather conditions at the specific plot (evaporation and growth of algae inthe sample containers should be avoided).
When it is necessary to use different measuringperiods duringthe year (e.
g. weekly in summer and monthly in winter), two separate monitoringperiods shall be identified and the results shall be reported separately onthe forms. Within one monitoringperiod the leng ht of the measuring
period shall be constant. The same measuringperiod shall be used for the
monitoringunder the forest canopy and the open area monitoring .
II.4.Sampling,samplehandling
Clean collection gauges and containers are to be used for the collection of
samples. Deionized water shall be used to rinse the equipment. It is
important that the containers are kept awayfromlight andkept cool during
the samplingand transport. In sunny and warm conditions preservativesmay be added to prevent the growth of algae. In this case only suchpreservatives should be used that do not interfere with the analysis of any
ion of interest.
II.5.Pretreatmentofsamples,transportandstorage
The volume of each collected sample form each individual throughfall,
stemflow or open air collector shall be determined. The samples may be!
M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 74
analyzed separately or mixed with samples from parallelly installed
equipment of the same type. Throughfall, stemflow or open air samples
shall be analyzed separately. Samples from stemflow measurements can
only be pooled for trees of the same species and similar size anddominance.
Samples from short periods may be analyzed as they are, or can be mixed
to monthly samples before analysis. If samples are mixed they should be
mixed in proportion to the total sample volume.
The samples shall be transported to the laboratory as soon as possible
(preferably in cold boxes) and kept in a cold (4 °C) and dark store until
analyzed.
II.6.Generalbackgroundinformation
The followinginformation shall be collected:
— plot number,— sampler code,— first date of monitoringperiod,
— last date of monitoringperiod,
— number of (equal) measuringperiods in monitoringperiod.
Additional optional information can be collected, which is useful for the
interpretation of the results, such as canopy roughness, leaf area index etc.
II.7.ChemicalAnalysis
In each sample the followingparameters shall be determined mandatory
(Man) or optional (Opt.):
Parameter Throughfall Bulk/Wet-onlyStemflow
FogAir
beech other spec.
pH Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
Conductivity Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
K Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
Ca Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
MgMan Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
Na Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
N-NH4 Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
Cl Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
N-NO3 Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
S-SO4 Man Man Man Opt. Opt. Opt.
Alkalinity Man Man Man Opt. Opt.
Ntotal Man Opt. Man Opt. Opt.
Al3+Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Mn2+ Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Fe3+ Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
PO43−Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Cu Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Zn Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
HgOpt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Pb Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Co Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Mo Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Cd Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Stotal Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
Norg Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.!M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 75
Parameter Throughfall Bulk/Wet-onlyStemflow
FogAir
beech other spec.
CTOC Opt. Opt. Opt.
CDOC Opt. Opt. Opt.
Ptotal Opt. Opt. Opt. Opt.
O3 Opt.
SO2 Opt.
SO4 Opt.
NO2 Opt.
NO Opt.
HNO2 Opt.
HNO3 Opt.
NH4NO3 Opt.
NH3 Opt.
V.O.C. Opt.
II.8.Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward this information in a standardized form
to the Commission for each plot where deposition has been monitored (seeAnnex VII, Forms 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d).!
M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 76
ANNEXIX
COMMONMETHODSFORMEASUREMENTSOFMETEOROLOGY
ONTHEPERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
In the period to mid 1996 a test period is foreseen duringwhich, on a
voluntary basis, in a limited number of permanent plots (10 %)meteorologic measurements are carried out. In the second half of 1996an evaluation will take place and the details and intensity of the
continuation of the meteorologic measurements will be decided upon.
Besides the observations on a limited number of plots, the recordingofobserved damage caused by meteorologic phenomena should be executedon all permanent observation plots.
The meteorologic observations are divided in three parts:A. execution of measurements of actual meteorologic situation on or
close to the plot (limited number of plots)
B. determination of long-term climatic situation (all plots) and potential
damaging events/ phenomena (limited number of plots)
C. observation of damage of trees in the plot caused by extreme weather
situations (all plots)
The actual measurements (A) will be carried out on a selection of plots,
preferably plots which are also used for the monitoringof deposition (See
Annex VIII). The Member States are free in the selection of methods,equipment and frequency of the measurements duringthe test period. It isforeseen that in the evaluation process recommendations for methods,
equipment and frequency are formulated.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1.Locationofsamplingequipment
The measuringequipment for all monitoringof the meteorolog ic
parameters (A) will be located in or close to the plot. Certain parameters
(rainfall, wind, radiation, etc.) have to be measured in an open area in theforest. Other parameters (e.g. soil temperature) may be better monitoredundercrowncover.Inthetestperiodnorestrictionsnorexplicit installation
procedures are given. When parameters such as solar radiation, rainfall,
etc. are monitored, a sufficiently large ‘open area in the forest’ outside thestand should be selected. This location should be as near as possible, be insimilar situation (slope, elevation, etc.) and preferably within a distance of
2 km of the plot.
Whenever possible a combination with the equipment for deposition
should be made. To avoid disturbances to the roots and soil situation, theequipment should be placed in such a way that the equipment can be
reached and maintained without actually passingthroug h the plot.
II.2.Methods to measure the actual meteorologic situation in orclose to the
plot(A)
For the test period the Member States are free in the selection of methods,
equipment and measuringfrequency. On a limited number of plots themeteorologic situation should be monitored.
— If possible an intensive continuous meteorologic measuring station
should be installed in the limited number of plots. The followingparameters are then recommended to be measured in a continuous
way:
Parameter Method
Rainfall gauge/datalogger
Air temperature datalogger
Temperature of the soil (e.g. at 0,20 m
depth)datalogger
Relative humidity datalogger!M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 77
Parameter Method
Windspeed datalogger
Wind direction datalogger
Solar radiation datalogger
In places where snow is common special snowcollectors should be
installed.
— As an alternative for situations where no such intensive continuous
meteorologic stations can be installed it is recommended to install, onthe limited number of plots, equipment to monitor the following
parameters with the frequency:
Parameter frequency
Rainfall daily
Temperature (maximum and minimum) daily
Soil temperature daily
Relative humidity free choice
Wind (direction and speed) free choice
Solar radiation free choice
In some cases wind and solar radiation information can be obtained
from nearby meteo-stations.
II.3.Collection,storageandsubmissionof information
The followinginformation shall be collected:
— plot number,
— exact details of the used equipment,
— location of the plots (longitude, latitude, altitude) and of equipment
(relative to the plot),
— start and end dates of the measurements,— frequency (number of periods).
The data of the detailed measurements (temperatures, rainfall, wind etc.)
should not be reported to the Commission, but kept in safe storage by the
Member States. For each plot wherethe measurements havebeen executed
asummaryofthe collected measurements shall becompiled andsubmittedto the Commission by mid 1996. This summary will contain informationon a monthlyor four-weekly basis, usingthe forms XX1993.PLM(8a) and
XX1993.MEM (8b).
II.4.Determinationoflong-termclimaticsituation(B)
For each plot the longterm climatic situation shall be determined as g ood
as possible. As no actual plot data is available, existingdata shall be used
to estimate the long-term (open area in the forest) climatic situation of theplot. This will be done only once. The results are presented to theCommission usingform XX1995.MEC (8c).
II.5.Determinationofpotentialdamagingeventsandphenomena(B)
For each plot where meteorologic measurements are taken a start shall be
made with the preparation of a list of potential damaging events and
phenomena. Each event or phenomenon shall be defined in meteorologic
terms, usingthe parameters available for the plot. This list of potentialdamaging events and phenomena will be continuously updated by theMember States, each time when more information becomes available. The
informationoneventsandphenomena shallbereportedtotheCommission
usingform XX1995.MEL (8d).
II.6.Reporting of pre-defined events and phenomena and its occurrences/
extremity(AandB)
For the limited number of plots where detailed information has become
available the occurrence and extremity of the pre-defined events/phenom-!
M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 78
ena (II.5) will be determined. Of each listed event/phenomenon the
number of occurrences and the relative extremity shall be indicated. The
occurrences and extremities shall be submitted to the Commission using
form XX1995.MEO (8e). In case events/phenomena have been added orchanged, the occurrences and extremities of the past years will be updatedas well.
II.7.Reportingofactuallyobserveddamage(C)
Whenever duringthe visits on the plot damag e has been observed that has
a clear meteorologic cause, this shall be reported to the Commission by
mid 1996 usingform XX1995.MED (8f).
The reportingwill include the cause (droug ht, storm, frost, hail, etc.) the
observed damage (foliage loss, breakage or dying of branches or newshoots, etc.) and an estimate of the period in which the event took place.
II.8.Evaluationreportonmeteorology
The Member States shall forward to the Commission together with the
information in the standardized forms (in digital format) as described in
paragraphsII.3, II.4,II.6 andII.7 an evaluation report withthe background
information on the used methods, models and interpretations of results.
For the reportingofthe list ofthe pre-defined events/phenomena (II.5)it is
recommended to use a form similar to the example form 8d. These forms
could be attached as an annex to the meteorologic evaluation report.!
M11994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 79
ANNEXX
COMMONMETHODSFORSOILSOLUTIONMONITORINGONTHE
PERMANENTOBSERVATIONPLOTS
I.Generalremarks
Monitoringof soil solution is to be carried out on at least 10 % of
permanent observation plots. It is recommended that soil solution bemonitored on plots where deposition is also monitored. Installation of thesoil solution equipment shall be completed by 30 June 1998.
This Annex is based on technical recommendations of the Soil Expert
Panel of the UN/ECE International Cooperative Programme on Assess-ment and Monitoringof Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests).Reference is made to the sub-manual (1996) prepared by this expert panel.
II.Inventorymethodology
II.1Selectionofsamplelocation
Soil solution samplers should be installed close to where crown condition
assessment is conducted. It is recommended that the lysimeters be
randomly or systematically distributed over the whole plot although this
may be limited by the presence of stones or stems (distance from a tree isnot specified). Because of disturbances to the soil, zero-tension lysimetersshould not be installed in the central part of the plot where tree parameters
are monitored. For practical reasons, a representative subplot can be used.
Lysimeters that have already been installed can be maintained, but newinstallations should be made as proposed above.
II.2Samplingdepths
It is recommended that the lysimeters be installed at fixed depths but
installation by horizons is also acceptable.
— Soil solution collectors
It is strongly advised that lysimeters be placed at at least two depths,
i.e one within the rooting zone (suggested depth is 10 to 20 cm) togain insight into concentrations of nutrients and toxic elements nearthe fine roots (aim 1) and one below the rooting zone (suggested
depth is 40-80 cm), to estimate the element output (aim 2). It is also
advised that a third lysimeter be placed immediately below the humuslayer.
— Soil samples
If centrifugation or saturation extract methods are used, the soil layers
to be sampled are those mentioned in the soil manual: humus layer, 0—10,10—20,20—40and40—80cm.Aselection oraggregationof some layers can be made.
II.3Samplingfrequency
On plots where other intensive monitoringprog rammes are carried out,
e.g. deposition and meteorological measurements, the sampling of the soil
solution should be done monthly or bi-weekly. In case of soil sampling
followed by extraction of the soil solution, four times per year is amaximum becauseofthedestructivesamplingprocedure.Samplingshouldbe done at the same month of the year.
II.4Transport,storageandpreparation
The samples shall be transported and stored in such a way that chemical
changes are minimized.
Cool (4 °C) and dark storage of the soil solution within the lysimeter
system will diminish biological activity. In many cases, and especiallyduringcolder season, keepingthe bottle dark is sufficient. Org anic orinorganic preservatives may be used, but they may interfere with the
analysis. To diminish possible changes in the samples, the soil solution
should be collected as soon as possible after the suction has been applied.
Transport and storage procedures (including waiting periods) shall be
reported. Where applicable the problems and deviations of these
procedures shall be reported in detail.!
M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 80
For determination of trace metals, aliquots of the sample should be
transported to the laboratory in acid washed bottles.
If soil samples are collected, they should be kept cool in plastic or
polyethylene bagsandstoredat 4°Cuntil centrifugation or the preparationof the saturation extract. Centrifugation or extraction should take placewithin one day (18 - 30 hours) after collection of the soil samples.
II.5GeneralbackgroundInformation
The followinginformation shall be collected:
— plot number,
— information on sampler (type, depth),— first date of monitoringperiod,— last date of monitoringperiod,
— number of (equal) measuringperiods in monitoringperiod.
II.6Analysismethods
In the ‘Sub-manual on soil solution collection and analysis’ prepared by
the Soil Expert Panel of the ICP-Forests, the approved methods for the
analysis of the various soil solution parameters are described.
Itisadvisedthattheapprovedmethodsbeused.Ifother(national) methods
are applied, comparability of the analysis results shall be reported in detailtogether with the presentation of the analysis results. The inventory of the
forest soil solution monitoringwill disting uish between mandatory and
optional parameters (See list below).
List of parameters
Parameter unit Mandatory/Optional
Conductivity µS/cm Opt.
pH Man.
Alkalinity µmolc/l Opt. (if pH 45)
DOC mg/l Man.
Sodium (Na) mg/l Opt(1)
Potassium (K) mg/l Man.
Calcium (Ca) mg/l Man.
Magnesium (Mg) mg/l Man.
Aluminium (total) mg/l Man. (if pH 55)
Aluminium (labile) mg/l Opt.
Iron (Fe) mg/l Opt.
Manganese (Mn) mg/l Opt.
Total Phosphorus (P) mg/l Opt.
NO3-N mg/l Man.
SO4-S mg/l Man.
NH4-N mg/l Opt.(2)
Chlorine (Cl) mg/l Opt.(1)
Chromium (Cr) µg/l Opt.
Nickel (Ni) µg/l Opt.
Zinc (Zn) µg/l Opt.(3)
Copper (Cu) µg/l Opt.(3)
Lead (Pb) µg/l Opt.
Cadmium (Cd) µg/l Opt.!M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 81
Parameter unit Mandatory/Optional
Silicon (Si) mg/l Opt.
(1)Measurement is advisable when acid base budgets are calculated.
(2)Measurement of NH 4is advised in areas with high NH xdeposition (above 20 kgNH xper ha per
year).
(3)Advised since these are minor nutrients.
Man. = Mandatory Opt. = OptionalMember States are free to analyse more, all, or part of the optional parameters.
II.7Datatransfer
The Member States shall forward to the Commission for each plot this
information in a standardized form (see AnnexVIIa, Form 9a, 9b, and 9c).!M21994R1091 — EN — 22.07.1997 — 002.001 — 82