1989L0173 — EN — 27.03.2006 — 005.001

This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents

►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (89/173/EEC) (OJ L 067, 10.3.1989, p.1)

Amended by:





Amended by:





Corrected by:









▼B

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE

of 21 December 1988

on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors

(89/173/EEC)







THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission ( 1 ), In cooperation with the European Parliament ( 2 ), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee ( 3 ), Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of progressively establishing the internal market over a period expiring on 31 December 1992; whereas the internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured; Whereas the technical requirements which tractors must fulfil in pursuance of national laws concern, inter alia, their dimensions and masses, speed governors, the protection of their drive components, projections and wheels, brake control for towed vehicles, windscreens and other glazing, the mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle and the location and method of affixing statutory plates and markings to the body of the tractor; Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another; whereas it is consequently necessary for the same requirements to be adopted by all of the Member States, either in addition or in place of the existing regulations, in order, in particular, to permit implementation, for each type of tractor, of the EEC type-approval procedure covered by Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors ( 4 ), as last amended by Directive 82/890/EEC ( 5 ); Whereas with regard, in particular, to the technical requirements relating to safety glass — windscreens and other glazing — it is appropriate to embrace with some amendments those adopted by the United Nations' Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No 43 (‘Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing and glazing materials’) forming an addendum to the agreement of 20 March 1958 concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and thus reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts ( 6 ), HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:







Article 1

1. (Agricultural or forestry) tractor means any motor vehicle fitted with wheels or endless tracks and having at least two axles, the main function of which lies in its tractive power and which is specially designed to, push, carry or power certain tools, machinery or trailers intended for agricultural or forestry use. It may be equipped to carry a load and passengers.

2. This Directive shall apply only to tractors defined in paragraph 1 which are fitted with pneumatic tyres and which have two axles and a maximum design speed of between 6 and ►M1 40 ◄ km/h.

Article 2

1. No Member State may refuse EEC type-approval or national type-approval of a tractor or refuse its registration or prohibit the sale, entry into service or use of a tractor or grounds relating to:

— dimensions and towable masses,

— speed governors and protection of drive components, projections and wheels,

— windscreens and other glazing,

— mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle, including the vertical load on the coupling point,

— location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions to the body of the tractor,

— brake control for towed vehicles,

where these comply with the requirements of the Annexes relating thereto and where the windscreens and other glass panes or the mechanical couplings bear an EEC component type-approval mark.

2. By way of derogation from the provisions of paragraph 1 relating to use of the tractor, Member States may, for reasons concerning towable mass(es), continue to apply their national provisions reflecting in particular the special requirements relating to the nature of the land relief on their territory, within the limits of the towable masses listed in section 2.2 of Annex I in so far as this does not involve alterations to the tractor or a further supplementary national type-approval.

Article 3

1. Each Member State shall grant EEC component type-approval for any type of windscreen or other glass-pane and/or of mechanical coupling which satisfies the construction and testing requirements laid down in Annexes III and/or IV.

2. The Member State which has granted EEC component type-approval shall take the measures required in order to verify, in so far as is necessary and if need be in cooperation with the competent authorities in the other Member States, that production models conform to the approved type. Such verification shall be limited to spot checks.

Article 4

Member States shall, for each type of windscreen or other glass pane or of mechanical coupling which they approve pursuant to Article 3, issue to the manufacturer of the tractor, windscreen or mechanical coupling or to his authorized representative, an EEC component type-approval mark conforming to the models shown in Annex III or IV.

Member States shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the use of marks liable to create confusion between the type of equipment which has been granted EEC component type-approval pursuant to Article 3 and equipment of other types.

Article 5

1. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of windscreens and other glass panes or mechanical couplings on grounds relating to their construction if they bear the EEC component type-approval mark.

2. Nevertheless a Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of windscreens or mechanical couplings bearing the EEC component type-approval mark which do not conform to the approved type.

That State shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the Commission of the measures taken, specifying the reasons for its decision.

Article 6

The competent authorities of each Member State shall within one month send to the competent authorities of the other Member States a copy of the component type-approval certificates, examples of which are given in Annex III or IV, completed for each type of windscreen or mechanical coupling which they approve or refuse to approve.

Article 7

1. If the Member State which has granted EEC component type-approval finds that a number of windscreens or mechanical couplings bearing the same EEC component type-approval mark do not conform to the type which it has approved, it shall take the necessary measures to ensure that production models conform to the approved type. The competent authorities of that State shall advise those of the other Member States of the measures taken, which may, if necessary, where there is serious and repeated failure to conform, extend to withdrawal of EEC component type-approval. The said authorities shall take the same measures if they are informed by the competent authorities of another Member State of such failure to conform.

2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall inform each other within one month of any withdrawal of EEC component type-approval and of the reasons for such a measure.

Article 8

Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted in implementation of this Directive to refuse or withdraw EEC component type-approval for a windscreen or mechanical coupling or to prohibit their placing on the market or use, shall set out in detail the reasons on which it is based. Such decisions shall be notified to the party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the remedies available to him under the laws in force in the Member States and of the time limits allowed for the exercise of such remedies.

Article 9

Any amendments necessary to adapt the requirements of the Annexes to technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.

Article 10

1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in order to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1989. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.

2. Member States shall notify to the Commission the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

Article 11

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.









LIST OF ANNEXES







ANNEX I: Dimensions and towable masses Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate ANNEX II: Speed governor and protection of drive components, projections and wheels Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate ANNEX III A: Windscreen and other glazing — Equipment requirements, definitions, application for component type-approval, component type-approval, markings, general specifications, tests and conformity of production Appendix: Examples of component type-approval marks ANNEX III B: Communication on EEC component type-approval, refusal of EEC component type-approval, extension of EEC component type-approval and withdrawal of component type-approval Appendix 1: Toughened-glass windscreens Appendix 2: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens Appendix 3: Laminated-glass windscreens Appendix 4: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens Appendix 5: Glass-plastic windscreens Appendix 6: Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens Appendix 7: Double-glazed units Appendix 8: Contents of the list of windscreens ANNEX III C: General test conditions ANNEX III D: Toughened-glass windscreens ANNEX III E: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens ANNEX III F: Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens ANNEX III G: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens ANNEX III H: Treated laminated-glass windscreens ANNEX III I: Safety-glass panes faced with plastic material on the inside ANNEX III J: Glass-plastic windscreens ANNEX III K: Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens ANNEX III L: Double-glazed units ANNEX III M: Grouping of windscreens for component type-approval testing ANNEX III N: Measurement of the heights of segment and position of the points of impact ANNEX III O: Checks on conformity of production ANNEX III P: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate ANNEX IV: Mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle and the vertical load on the coupling point Appendix 1: Drawings of mechanical coupling components Appendix 2: Dynamic test method Appendix 3: Coupling device static test method Appendix 4: Component type-approval mark Appendix 5: Model EEC component type-approval certificate Appendix 6: Conditions for granting EEC type-approval Appendix 7: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate ANNEX V: Location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions on the body of the tractor Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate ANNEX VI: Brake control of towed vehicles and brake coupling between the tractor and towed vehicles Appendix: Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate









ANNEX I

DIMENSIONS AND TOWABLE MASSES

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1. ‘Length’ means: — the length of the tractor measured between the vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing the outermost points thereof, but excluding: — — all mirrors, — all starting handles, — all front or lateral position (side) lamps.

1.2. ‘Width’ means: — the width of the tractor measured between the vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing through the outermost points thereof, but excluding: — — any mirrors, — any direction indicators, — any front, lateral or rear position (side) lamps; any parking lamps, — any distortion of the tyres caused by the weight of the tractor, — any folding components such as lift-up footrests and flexible mud-flaps.

1.3. ‘Height’ means: — the vertical distance between the ground and the point on the tractor the greatest distance from the ground, excluding the aerial. When this height is determined, the tractor must be: — — fitted with new tyres having the greatest rolling radius specified by their manufacturer.

1.4. ‘Permissible towable mass’ means the mass which a type of tractor may tow. It may, for example, consist of one or more trailers towed or agricultural or forestry implements. A distinction is drawn between the technically permissible towable mass stated by the manufacturer and the authorized towable mass as laid down in section 2.2 below.

1.5. ‘Towing device’ means a component on the tractor designed to provide a mechanical link between a tractor and towed vehicle.

1.6. ‘Unladen mass of tractor in running order (Mt)’ means the mass defined in point 2.4 of Annex I to Directive 74/150/EEC.

1.7. Technically permissable towable mass(es): — unbraked towable mass, — independently braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.12 of Annex I to Council Directive 76/432/EEC ( 7 ), — inertia braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.14 of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC), — towable mass fitted with hydraulic or pneumatic braking: such braking may be of the continuous, semi-continuous or independent power-operated type as defined in points 1.9, 1.10 and 1.11, respectively, of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC.

2. REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Dimensions

The maximum dimensions of a tractor are as follows:

2.1.1. length : 12 m;

2.1.2. width : ►M2 2,55 m (ignoring any bulging of the part of the tyres that is in contact with the ground) ◄ ;

2.1.3. height : 4 m.

2.1.4. The measurements intended to check these dimensions are carried out as follows: — with the tractor unladen and in running order as indicated in point 1.6, — on a flat horizontal surface, — with the tractor stationary and the engine switched off, — with the new tyres at the normal pressure recommended by the manufacturer, — with doors and windows closed, — with the steering wheel in the straight-ahead position, — without any agricultural or forestry implement attached to the tractor.

2.2 Permissible towable mass

2.2.1. The permissible towable mass must not exceed: 2.2.1.1. the technically permissible towable mass as defined in point 1.7, recommended by the tractor manufacturer; 2.2.1.2. the towable mass laid down for towing device pursuant to EEC component-type approval.

2.2.2. Where a Member State applies Article 2 (2), towable mass(es) must be specified on the tractor's registration certificate.









Appendix

MODEL









ANNEX II

SPEED GOVERNOR AND PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS

1. SPEED GOVERNOR

1.1. If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it must be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies with Directive 74/152/EEC ( 8 ) on maximum design speed.

2. PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS

2.1. General

2.1.1. Drive components, projections and wheels on tractors must be designed, fitted and protected in such a way as to prevent accidents to persons under normal conditions of use.

2.1.2. The requirements of point 2.1.1 are regarded as being fulfilled if the requirements set out in section 2.3 have been complied with. Solutions other than those described in section 2.3 are authorized if the manufacturer provides proof that they are at least equivalent to the requirements of section 2.3.

2.1.3. Protective devices must be firmly attached to the tractor. ‘Firmly attached’ means that removal of such devices should be possible only with the aid of tools.

2.1.4. Cowls, lids and hoods, which could cause injury if they are slammed shut, must be made in such a way as to preclude their shutting accidentally (e.g. by means of safety devices or suitable mounting or design).

2.1.5. A single protective device may protect a number of dangerous points. However, if adjustment, maintenance or interference suppression devices — which can be actuated only when the engine is running — are fitted beneath a single protective device, then further protective devices must be fitted.

2.1.6. Securing devices (e.g. spring clips or flaps) — to secure quick-release mounting components (e.g. socket pins), — and such components of — protective devices which open without the aid of tools (e.g. engine cowl) must be firmly attached either to the tractor mounting or to the protective device.

2.2. Definitions

2.2.1. ‘Protective device’ means a device intended to protect dangerous parts. Within the meaning of this Directive, protective devices include shields, covers or guards. 2.2.1.1. ‘Shield’ means a protective device located immediately in front of a dangerous part and which, either on its own or with other parts of the machine, protects on all sides against contact with the dangerous part. 2.2.1.2. ‘Hood or cowl’ means a protective device located in front of the dangerous part and which protects against contact with the dangerous part on the covered side. 2.2.1.3. ‘Guard’ means a protective device which, by means of a rail, grill or similar device provides the necessary safety distance preventing contact with the dangerous part.

2.2.2. ‘Dangerous part’ means any point which, owing to the arrangements or design of the fixed or movable part of a tractor, involves a risk of injury. The dangerous parts are, in particular, pinching, shearing, cutting, piercing, penetrating, snatching, entry and attack points. 2.2.2.1. ‘Pinching point’ means any dangerous point where parts move in relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched. 2.2.2.2. ‘Shear point’ means any dangerous point where parts move along each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn. 2.2.2.3. ‘Cutting, piercing or penetration point’ means any dangerous point where parts, either moving or fixed, sharp edged, pointed or blunt may injure persons or certain parts of their bodies. 2.2.2.4. ‘Snatching point’ means any dangerous point where sharp-edged projections, teeth, pins, screws and bolts, grease nipples, shafts, shaft ends and other parts move in such a way that persons, certain parts of their bodies or clothing may be snatched and pulled along. 2.2.2.5. ‘Entry or attack point’ means any dangerous point whose parts, by moving, narrow an aperture in which persons, certain parts of their bodies or clothes may be caught.

2.2.3. ‘Reach’ means the maximum distance which can be reached by persons or certain parts of their bodies upwards, downwards, inwards, above, around or across without the aid of any object (Figure 1).

2.2.4. ‘Safety distance’ means the distance corresponding to the reach or to the body dimension plus a safety margin (Figure 1).

2.2.5. ‘Control’ means any device whose direct actuation enables the state or operation of the tractor or of any equipment linked to it to be altered.

▼M3

2.2.6. ‘Normal operation’ means the use of the tractor for the purpose intended by the manufacturer and by an operator familiar with the tractor characteristics and complying with the information for operation, service and safe practices, as specified by the manufacturer in the operator’s manual and by signs on the tractor.

2.2.7. ‘Inadvertent contact’ means unplanned contact between a person and a hazard location resulting from the person’s action during normal operation and service of the tractor.

▼B

2.3. Safety distances for avoiding contact with dangerous parts

2.3.1. The safety distance is measured from those points which may be reached to actuate, service and inspect the tractor, and also from ground level. ‘Servicing and inspecting the tractor’ solely means work normally carried out by the driver himself in accordance with the instructions for use. In determining the safety distances the basic principle is that the tractor is in the state for which it has been designed and that no means has been used in order to reach the dangerous part. Safety distances are set out in points 2.3.2.1 to 2.3.2.5. In certain specific areas or for certain specific component parts an appropriate safety level is provided if the tractor corresponds to the requirements set out in points 2.3.2.6 to 2.3.2.14.

2.3.2. Protection of dangerous points Upwards The upward safety margin is 2 500 mm (see Figure 1) in the case of persons standing upright. Figure 1 2.3.2.2. Downwards, above The safety margin for reaching above a barrier is: a = from ground level up to the dangerous point; b = height of barrier or protective device; c = horizontal distance between dangerous point and barrier (see Figure 2). Figure 2 When reaching both downwards and above the safety distances set out in Table 1 must be maintained.



(mm) a: Distance from ground of dangerous point Height between barrier and protective device b 2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 Horizontal distance c from dangerous point 2 400 — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 200 — 250 350 400 500 500 600 600 2 000 — — 350 500 600 700 900 1 100 1 800 — — — 600 900 900 1 000 1 100 1 600 — — — 500 900 900 1 000 1 300 1 400 — — — 100 800 900 1 000 1 300 1 200 — — — — 500 900 1 000 1 400 1 000 — — — — 300 900 1 000 1 400 800 — — — — — 600 900 1 300 600 — — — — — — 500 1 200 400 — — — — — — 300 1 200 200 — — — — — — 200 1 100 2.3.2.3. Reach around The safety margin shown in Table 2 below must, at the minimum, be maintained if the part of the body concerned is not to reach a dangerous point. In applying the safety margin it is assumed that the main body joint concerned is pushed firmly against the edge of the protective device. The safety margins are not considered to have been maintained until one is satisfied that part of the body may quite definitely not advance or penetrate further. 2.3.2.4. Penetration and reach across If penetration is possible into or across openings and up to dangerous parts, the minimum safety distances set out in Tables 3 and 4 must be maintained. Parts which move in relation to one another or moving parts set alongside fixed parts are not regarded as risk factors provided they are no more than 8 mm apart. a is the smaller dimension of the aperture. b is the safety distance from danger point a is the aperture/diameter or length of side. b is the safety distance from danger point. 2.3.2.5. Safety distances at pinching points A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the part of the body shown if the safety distances are not less than those set out in Table 5, and if it is ensured that the adjacent, wider part of the body cannot be introduced. 2.3.2.6. Controls The gap between two pedals and the holes through which controls pass are not regarded as being pinching or shearing points. 2.3.2.7. Rear three-point coupling 2.3.2.7.1. Behind a plane passing through the median plane of the pivot points of the lifting rods in a three-point coupling system a minimum safety margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts for each point or of the lifting device's travel — but not for the extreme upper and lower positions 0,1 n, together with a distance of 25 mm or a minimum angle of 30o for the parts in shear which cause a change in angularity (see Figure 3). Travel n′, reduced by 0,1 n at both its upper and lower ends is defined as follows (see Figure 4). ►M2 Where the lower links are directly activated by the lifting mechanism, the reference plane is determined by the median transverse vertifical plane of those links: ◄ ▼M2 Figure 3 Legend: A = Lift arm B = Lower link C = Lift rod D = Tractor chassis E = Plane passing through the axes of the lift rod pivot points F = Clearance envelope ▼B Figure 4 2.3.2.7.2. For travel n of the hydraulic lifting unit, lower position A of the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in accordance with ISO Standard 730, Part 1, while upper position B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Travel n′ corresponds to travel n reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n, and constitutes the vertical distance between A′ and B′. 2.3.2.7.3. Moreover, within travel n′ a minimum safety margin of 25 mm in relation to the adjacent parts must be maintained around the profile of the lifting rods. 2.3.2.7.4. If, in the case of a three-point coupling, coupling devices are used which do not require the presence of an operator between the tractor and the implement carried (for example, in the case of a quick coupling), the provisions of point 2.3.2.7.3 do not apply. 2.3.2.7.5. The operating manual should contain specific information on the dangerous points located at the front of the plane defined in the first sentence of point 2.3.2.7.1. 2.3.2.8. Front three-point coupling 2.3.2.8.1. At each point of the lifting unit's travel n — but not for the extreme upper and lower reaches 0,1 n — a minimum safety margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts together with a minimum angle of 30o or a safety margin of 25 mm in the case of the change of angularity caused by the parts in shear with each other. Travel n′ reduced by 0,1 n at both its upper and lower ends, is defined as follows (see also Figure 4). 2.3.2.8.2. For travel n of the hydraulic lifting unit, extreme lower position A of the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in accordance with ISO Standard 8759, Part 2, while extreme upper position B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Traven n′ reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n and the vertical distance between A′ and B′. 2.3.2.8.3. If, for the lower links of a front three-point coupling, coupling devices (such as a rapid-action coupling) are used which do not require the presence of a person between the tractor and the implement attached during coupling, the requirements under 2.3.2.8.1 do not apply within the reach of a radius of 250 mm from the points at which the lower links are coupled to the tractor. However, a minimum safety margin of 25 mm from neighbouring parts within the defined travel n′ must in any case be maintained around the outside of the travel rods/cylinders. 2.3.2.9. Driving seat and environment When he is in a sitting position, all pinching of shearing points must be out of range of the driver's hands or feet. This requirement is considered to have been met if the following conditions are fulfilled: 2.3.2.9.1. The driver's seat is at the mid-point in its longitudinal and vertical adjustment range. The driver's reach limit is divided into zones A and B. A central spherical point of these zones is 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat reference point (see Figure 5). Zone A consists of a sphere having a diameter of 550 mm while zone B is located between that sphere and a sphere having a radius of 1 000 mm. Figure 5 2.3.2.9.2. A safety distance of 120 mm in zone A and 25 mm in zone B is maintained near the pinching and shearing points, whilst a minimum angle of 30o is maintained in the case of shearing parts causing a change in angularity. 2.3.2.9.3. In zone A, only the pinching and shearing points caused by parts set in motion by an outside energy source must be taken into account. 2.3.2.9.4. If a dangerous point is due to the presence of structural parts adjacent to the seat, a safety distance of a least 25 mm is maintained between that structural part and the seat. There is no dangerous point between the seat backrest and the adjacent structural parts located behind that backrest if the adjacent structural parts are smooth and the seat backrest itself is rounded in the surrounding area and has no sharp points. 2.3.2.10. Passenger seat (if any) 2.3.2.10.1. If parts may constitute a danger for the feet, provision must be made for protective devices within a hemispherical radius of 800 mm starting from the forward edge of the seat cushion and pointing downwards. 2.3.2.10.2. As described in section 2.3.2.9 (see Figure 6) the dangerous points in zones A and B must be protected within a sphere whose centre is 670 mm above the centre of the front edge of the passenger seat. Figure 6 2.3.2.11. Narrow-track tractors (tractors with a track as defined in the second indent of Article 1 of Directive 87/402/EEC). 2.3.2.11.1. In the case of narrow-track tractors, the requirements of section 2.3.2.9 do not apply to the zone situated below a plane inclined at 45o to the rear and transverse to the direction of travel, and passing through a point located 230 mm behind the seat index point (see Figure 7). If there are any dangerous points in this zone, corresponding warnings must be affixed to the tractor. Figure 7 2.3.2.11.2. Sections II.1 and II.2 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC apply to access to the driver's seat. 2.3.2.11.3. Section I.6 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC applies to control devices. 2.3.2.11.4. In front of a reference plane which passes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and through the centre of the load-free pedal (clutch and/or service brake), very hot exhaust components must be protected if located within 300 mm in the upper zone (700 mm above ground level) and within 150 mm in the lower zone (see Figure 8). Laterally, the area to be protected is limited by the external outline of the tractor and the external outline of the exhaust system. Very hot exhaust system components passing beneath the entry step must be covered in their vertical projection or otherwise thermally protected. Figure 8 2.3.2.12. Layout and marking of flexible hydraulic hoses 2.3.2.12.1. Flexible hydraulic hoses must be arranged in such a way as to prevent mechanical and thermal damage 2.3.2.12.2. Flexible hydraulic hoses must be clearly identifiable and indelibly marked with the following information: — the flexible hose manufacturer's mark, — manufacturing date (year and month of manufacture), — maximum permissible dynamic excess pressure in operation. 2.3.2.12.3. Flexible hydraulic hoses in the vicinity of the driver's or the passenger's seat must be arranged or protected in such a way that in the event of their failure there can be no danger to any person. 2.3.2.13. Steering and swing axle Parts moving in relation to each other or to fixed parts must be protected if they lie within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10. When articulated steering is fitted, there must be indelible and clear markings within the articulation range on both sides of the tractor, indicating by means of an illustrative sign or in words that remaining within the unprotected range of articulation is not permitted. The corresponding indications must be included in the operating manual. 2.3.2.14. Transmission shafts fixed on the tractor Transmission shafts (for example, for four-wheel drive which can only rotate while the tractor is in motion, must be protected if they are located within the zone defined in sections 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10. 2.3.2.15. Clearance zone around the drive wheels 2.3.2.15.1. The clearance zones of the wheel guards must meet the following requirements. 2.3.2.15.2. ‘Clearance zone’ means the space which must remain clear around the tyres of the drive wheels in relation to the adjacent parts of the vehicle. The clearance zone of the drive wheels, when fitted with largest-size tyres, must correspond to the dimensions set out in the following Figure 9 and Table 6. Figure 9



Standard tractors Narrow track tractors a mm h mm a mm h mm ►M2 40 ◄ 60 15 30 A clearance zone smaller than that illustrated in Figure 9 and Table 6 is permissible in addition to the zones referred to in sections 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10 in the case of narrow-track tractors where wheel guards are also used to scrape off earth stuck to the wheels. ▼M3 2.3.2.16. Hot surfaces Hot surfaces which can be reached by the operator during normal operation of the tractor shall be covered or insulated. This applies to hot surfaces which are near to steps, handrails, handholds and integral tractor parts used as boarding means and which may be inadvertently touched. 2.3.2.17. Battery terminal cover Non-earthed terminals must be protected against unintentional short-circuiting. ▼B

2.4. Method of determining the seat index point

2.4.1. General

The method and device used in defining the index point for any type of upholstered seat are described below.

2.4.2. Definitions

Seat index point (SIP):

Point situated in the vertical median longitudinal plane of the SIP locating device represented in Figure 10 which is placed on the driving seat in accordance with points 2.4.4 and 2.4.6.

The seat index point is established in relation to the vehicle and does not move as a function of the seat adjustments and/or oscillations.

2.4.3. Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)

The device for determining the SIP must be as shown in Figure 10. The mass of that device is 6 ± 1 kg and its underside must be flat and polished.

2.4.4. Seat setting for determination of index point (SIP)

Where a seat and its suspension can be regulated, the seat is regulated as follows before the index point is determined:

(a) all of the adjustments — back/forth, height and rake — must be in their mid-position. If this is not the case, the closest adjustment either above or below the mid-position should be used;

(b) adjustable suspension must be adjusted in such a way that the suspension is at mid-travel with the locating device in position and loaded. The suspension may be locked mechanically in that position while the index point (SIP) is determined;

(c) non-adjustable suspension may be locked in the vertical position that is achieved with the locating device in place and loaded;

(d) if the adjustments mentioned above conflict with the manufacturer's specific instructions, these must be followed in such a way as to obtain the setting recommended for a 75-kg driver.

NB:

A 75-kg driver offers an approximation of the locating device in position on the seat and loaded with a mass of 65 kg.

2.4.5. Determination of the three reference axes x′, y′, and z′ for the SIP

The coordinates must be established as follows:

(a) location, on one side of the seat mounting, of the attachment hole that is in the most rear position;

(b) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the pivot axis defined on the device, it is taken as axis y′, (pointing from left to right in relation to a seated driver — see Figure 11);

(c) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the vertical plane passing through the centre line of the seat, the straight line is taken as axis y′ which runs parallel to the pivot axis referred to and passes through the point of intersection between the supporting plane of the seat and the hole axis referred to above (see Figure 12).

(d) in all other cases, axis y′ is established in accordance with the parameters relating to the seat being measured;

(e) axes x′ and z′ are defined as intersections of the horizontal and vertical planes passing through y′ with the vertical plane through the seat centre line. Axes x′ and z′ point forwards and upwards (see Figures 11 and 12).

2.4.6. Method of determining the seat index point (SIP)

The seat index point (SIP) is determined by using the device shown in Figure 10 and by proceeding in the following manner:

(a) the seat is covered with a piece of cloth in order to facilitate correct positioning of the device;

(b) the device is positioned on the seat cushion (without additional mass) by pushing it rearwards against the backrest;

(c) masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 6 ± 1 kg to 26 ± 1 kg. The centre of vertical force must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);

(d) a horizontal force of about 100 N is applied twice to the device on the seat index point, as set out in figure 10;

(e) other masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 26 ± 1 kg to 65 ± 1 kg. The centre of the vertical force of the masses added must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);

(f) on both sides of the seat in two vertical planes, equidistant from the median longitudinal line of the seat, the coordinates, as defined in point 2.4.5, of the intersections of those planes on the axis of the seat index point marked by the device must be measured to ± 1 mm. The arithmetical mean values of the measurements taken in the two planes are recorded as SIP coordinates;

(g) the conditions resulting from the method of determination, and which diverge from the procedure set out in this Annex, or which may be the source of errors as regards their results, may be noted, as may their causes.

Figure 10

Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)

Figure 11

Determination of SIP reference axes

(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the pivot axis of the back/thighs)

Figure 12

Determination of the three reference axes of the SIP

(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the vertical plane passing through the median line of the seat)









Appendix

MODEL









ANNEX III A

WINDSCREEN AND OTHER GLAZING

EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL, COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL, MARKINGS, GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS, TESTS AND CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

1. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Agricultural and forestry tractors may be equipped as chosen by their manufacturer with: 1.1.1. windscreens and glass panes other than windscreens covered by the provisions of this Annex; 1.1.2. windscreens covered by the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens in this Annex, with the exception of the requirements of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %); ▼M3 1.1.3. rigid plastic glazing is permitted for non-windscreen applications as approved in Council Directive 92/22/EEC ( 9 ) or in UN-ECE Regulation 43, Annex 14. ▼B

2. DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Directive:

2.1. ‘toughened-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of a single layer of glass which has been subjected to special treatment to increase its mechanical strength and condition its fragmentations after shattering;

2.2. ‘laminated-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of two or more layers of glass held together by one or more interlayers of plastic material; it may be: 2.2.1. ‘ordinary’, where none of the layers of glass of which it is composed have been treated, or 2.2.2. ‘treated’, where at least one of the layers of glass of which it is composed has been specially treated to increase its mechanical strength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;

2.3. ‘safety glazing coated with plastic material’ means a glass pane as defined in point 2.1 or 2.2 with a layer of plastic material on its inner surface;

2.4. ‘glass-plastic safety glazing’ means a pane of laminated glass having one layer of glass and one or more layers of plastic material at least one of which acts as interlayer. The plastic layers shall be on the inner face when the glazing is fitted on the tractor;

2.5. ‘group of windscreens’ means a group comprising windscreens of differing sizes and shapes subjected to an examination of their mechanical properties, their mode of fragmentation and their behaviour in environmental resistance tests; 2.5.1. ‘flat windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting no nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linear metre; 2.5.2. ‘curved windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linear metre;

2.6. ‘double window’ means a set of two panes installed separately in the same opening on the tractor;

2.7. ‘double glazing’ means a unit composed of two panes permanently assembled in the factory and separated by a uniform gap; 2.7.1. ‘symmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two constituent panes are of the same type (toughened or laminated glass, etc.), and exhibit identical principal and secondary characteristics; 2.7.2. ‘asymmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two constituent panes are of a different type (toughened or laminated glass, etc.) or exhibit different principal and/or secondary characteristics;

2.8. ‘principal characteristic’ means a characteristic which appreciably modifies the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a way not without significance to the function which the glass pane is to perform in a tractor. This term also covers the trade name or mark;

2.9. ‘secondary characteristic’ means a characteristic capable of modifying the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a way which is of significance to the function which the glass pane is intended to perform in a tractor. The extent of such modification is assessed in relation to the indices of difficulty;

2.10. ‘indices of difficulty’ covers a two-stage grading system applying to the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic. A change from index ‘1’ to index ‘2’ indicates the need for additional tests;

2.11. ‘developed area of a windscreen’ means the minimum rectangular area of glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured;

2.12. ‘rake angle of a windscreen’ means the angle included between a vertical line and a straight line passing through the top and bottom extremities of the windscreen, both lines lying in a vertical plane along the longitudinal axis of the tractor. 2.12.1. Measurement of the rake angle is performed on an unladen tractor standing on level ground. 2.12.2. Tractors equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or with a device for automatic adjustment of ground clearance according to load are tested in the normal running conditions specified by the manufacturer;

2.13. ‘height of segment, h’ means the maximum distance, measured at right angles approximately to the glass pane, separating the inner surface of the pane from a pane passing through the ends of the pane, (see Annex III N, Figure 1);

2.14. ‘type of glass pane’ means a glass pane, as defined in points 2.1 to 2.4, not exhibiting any essential differences in respect, in particular, of the principal and secondary characteristics mentioned in Annexes III D to III L. 2.14.1. Although a change in the principal characteristics implies that the product is of a new type, it is recognized that in certain cases a change in shape and dimension does not necessarily require a complete set of tests to be carried out. For certain of the tests prescribed in the individual Annexes, glass panes may be grouped together if it is evident that they have similar principal characteristics. 2.14.2. Glass panes exhibiting differences only as regards their secondary characteristics may be deemed to be of the same type; certain tests may, however, be carried out on samples of such panes if the performance of those tests is explicitly stipulated in the test conditions;

2.15. ‘curvature, r’ means the approximate value of the smallest radius of arc of the windscreen as measured in the area of maximum curvature.

3. APPLICATION FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL

3.1. The application for EEC component type-approval for a type of glass pane is submitted by the manufacturer of the safety-glass pane or by his duly accredited representative for each type of safety glass. The application may be made in one Member State only.

3.2. For each type of safety glass, the application is accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars: 3.2.1. a technical description comprising all principal and secondary characteristics; and, 3.2.1.1. in the case of glazing other than windscreens, drawings in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing: — the maximum area, — the smallest angle between two adjacent sides of the glass pane, and — the maximum height of segment, if any; 3.2.1.2. In the case of windscreens: 3.2.1.2.1. a list of the models of windscreen for which component type-approval is sought, giving the name of the tractor manufacturers and the type(s) of tractor; 3.2.1.2.2. drawings on a scale 1:10 and diagrams of the windscreens and their installation in the tractor in sufficient detail to show: 3.2.1.2.2.1. the position of the windscreen relative to the R point as defined in point 1.2 of the Annex ‘Field of vision’ to Council Directive 74/347/EEC of 25 June 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the field of vision and windscreen wipers for wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors. 3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the windscreen; 3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the seat back-rest; 3.2.1.2.2.3. the position and size of the zone in which the optical qualities are verified and, where appropriate, the area subjected to differential toughening; 3.2.1.2.2.4. the developed area of the windscreen; 3.2.1.2.2.5. the maximum height of segment of the windscreen; and 3.2.1.2.2.6. the curvature of the windscreen (for windscreen-grouping purposes only); 3.2.1.3. in the case of double glazing, drawings in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing, in addition to the information referred to in point 3.2.1.1: — the type of each constituent glass pane, — the type of bonding (organic, glass-glass or glass-metal), — the nominal thickness of the gap between the two glass panes.

3.3 In addition, the applicant must submit a sufficient number of test pieces and samples of the finished glass panes of the models considered, the number being if necessary determined by agreement with the technical service for conducting the tests.

3.4. The competent authority must verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of conformity of production before component type-approval is granted.

4. MARKINGS

4.1. Every safety-glass pane, including the samples and test-pieces submitted for component type-approval, must bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer. The marking must be clearly legible and indelible.

5. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL

5.1. If the samples submitted for component type-approval meet the requirements of sections 5 to 7 below, approval of the pertinent type of safety-glass pane is granted.

5.2. A component type-approval number is assigned to each type as defined in Annexes III E, III G, III K and III L, or, in the case of windscreens, to each group approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for this Directive in its original form) indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to this Directive at the time of issue of the approval. A Member State may not assign the same number to another type or group of safety-glass panes.

5.3. Component type-approval or extension or refusal of approval for a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive is communicated to the Member States by means of a notice prepared in accordance with the model set out in Annex III B to this Directive and its Appendices. 5.3.1. In the case of windscreens, the EEC component type-approval notice must be accompanied by a document listing every windscreen model in the approved group, together with the characteristics of the group, in accordance with Appendix 8 to Annex III B.

5.4. In addition to the marking specified in point 4. 1, an EEC component type-approval mark must be affixed conspicuously to all safety-glass panes, and double-glazed units conforming to a type approved under this Directive. Any special component type-approval mark assigned to each pane of a double-glazed unit may also be affixed. This component type-approval mark consists of: 5.4.1. a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted the approval ( 10 ); 5.4.2. the component type-approval number to the right of the rectangle prescribed in point 5.4.1.

5.5. The following additional symbols are affixed near the above EEC type-approval mark: 5.5.1. in the case of a windscreen: I : for toughened glass (I/P if faced) ( 11 ), II : for ordinary laminated glass (II/P if faced)As defined in point 2.3., III : for treated laminated glass (III/P if faced)As defined in point 2.3., IV : for glass-plastic glazing; 5.5.2. V : in the case of a glass pane other than a windscreen covered by the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C; 5.5.3. VI : in the case of a double-glazed unit; 5.5.4. T : in the case of windscreens which comply with the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, except those coming under the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %). However, in the case of windscreens complying with the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, the symbol T may only be marked after the head-form test defined in point 3.3.2 of Annex III G to this Directive, the height of drop being 4,0 m + 25/ − 0 mm.

5.6. The EEC component type-approval mark and the symbol must be clearly legible and indelible.

5.7. Appendix I to this Annex gives examples of component type-approval marks.

6. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1. All glass panes, and particularly those intended for the manufacture of windscreens, must be of sufficient quality to reduce the risk of bodily injury as far as possible in the event of the glass shattering. The glass must be sufficiently resistant to the incidents likely to occur in normal traffic, and to atmospheric and temperature conditions, chemical action, combustion and abrasion.

6.2. Safety glass must in addition be sufficiently transparent, must not cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through the windscreen, and must not give rise to any confusion between the colours used in road-traffic signs and signals. In the event of the windscreen shattering, the driver must still be able to see the road clearly enough to be able to brake and stop his tractor safely.

7. PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS

All types of safety glass must, depending on the category to which they belong, comply with the following particular requirements:

7.1. as regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III D;

7.2. as regards uniformly toughened glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III E;

7.3. as regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III F;

7.4. as regards ordinary laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III G;

7.5. as regards treated laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III H;

7.6. as regards safety-glass panes faced with plastic material, in addition to the relevant requirements listed above, the requirements contained in Annex III I;

7.7. as regards glass-plastic windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III J;

7.8. as regards glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III K;

7.9. as regards double-glazed units, the requirements contained in Annex III L.

8. TESTS

8.1. The following tests are prescribed: 8.1.1. Fragmentation The purpose of this test is: 8.1.1.1. to verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the pane of glass are such as to minimize the risk of injury, and 8.1.1.2. in the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after shattering. 8.1.2. Mechanical strength 8.1.2.1. Ball-impact test This test takes two forms, one using a 227 g ball and the other a 2 260 g ball. 8.1.2.1.1. 227-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of the interlayer in laminated glass and the mechanical strength of uniformly toughened glass. 8.1.2.1.2. 2 260-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the ball-penetration resistance of laminated glass. 8.1.2.2. Headform test The purpose of this test is to verify the glass pane's compliance with requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event of impact of the head against the windscreen, laminated glass or glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, and also double-glazed units used as side windows. 8.1.3. Resistance to the environment 8.1.3.1. Abrasion test The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a safety-glass pane to abrasion exceeds a specified value. 8.1.3.2. High-temperature test The purpose of this test is to verify that no bubbles or other defects occur in the interlayer in a laminated glass or glass-plastic pane when the latter is exposed to high temperatures over an extended period of time. 8.1.3.3. Resistance-to-radiation test The purpose of this test is to determine whether the light transmittance of laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass panes exposed to radiation over an extended period of time is significantly reduced thereby or whether the glazing is significantly discoloured. 8.1.3.4. Resistance-to-humidity test The purpose of this test is to determine whether a laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass pane will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to atmosphere humidity. 8.1.3.5. Resistance to temperature change The purpose of this test is to determine whether the plastic material(s) used in safety glazing as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures. 8.1.4. Optical qualities 8.1.4.1. Light-transmission test The purpose of this test is to determine whether the regular transmittance of safety-glass panes exceeds a specified value. 8.1.4.2. Optical-distortion test The purpose of this test is to verify that the distortion of objects as seen through the windscreen is not such as to be likely to confuse the driver. 8.1.4.3. Secondary-image-separation test The purpose of this test is to verify that the angular separation of the secondary image from the primary image does not exceed a specified value. 8.1.4.4. Identification-of-colours test The purpose of this test is to verify that there is no risk of confusion of colours as seen through a windscreen. 8.1.5. Fire-resistance test The purpose of this test is to verify that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 has a sufficiently low burn rate. 8.1.6. Resistance to chemical agents The purpose of this test is to determine that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand the effects of exposure to chemicals likely to be present or used within the tractor (e.g. cleaning compounds) without deterioration.

8.2. Tests prescribed for glass panes of the categories defined in points 2.1 to 2.4 8.2.1. Safety-glass panes are subject to the tests listed in the following table:



WINDSCREENS GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS Toughened glass Ordinary laminated glass Treated laminated glass Glass-plastic Toughened glass Laminated glass Glass-plastic I I/P II II/P III III/P IV Fragmentation D/2 D/2 — — H/4 H/4 — E/2 — — Mechanical strength: — 227 g ball — — F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. E/3.1. G/4 G/4 — 2 260 g ball — — F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. — — — — Headform test (1) D/3 D/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 J/3 — G/3 (3) K/3 (3) Abrasion: — outer face — — F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. — F/5.1. F/5.1. — inner face — I/2 — I/2 — I/2 I/2 I/2 (2) I/2 (2) I/2 High temperature — — C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 — C/5 C/5 Radiation — C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 — C/6 C/6 Humidity — C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 (2) C/7 C/7 Light transmission C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. Optical distortion C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. — — — Secondary image C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. — — — Identification of colours C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. — — — Resistance to temperature changes — C/8 — C/8 — C/8 C/8 C/8 (2) C/8 (2) C/8 Fire resistance — C/10 — C/10 — C/10 C/10 C/10 (2) C/10 (2) C/10 Resistance to chemicals — C/11 — C/11 — C/11 C/11 C/11 (2) C/11 (2) C/11 (1) Furthermore this test must be carried out on double-glazed units pursuant to point 3 of Appendix L. (2) If coated on the inner side with plastic material. (3) This list must be performed with a drop of 4 m + 25/ − 0 mm instead of 1,5 m + 25/ − 0 mm when the panes are used as tractor windscreens. NB:A reference such as K 3/3 in the table indicates Annex III K and point 3 of that Annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirements specified. 8.2.2. A safety-glass pane is granted component type-approval if it meets all the requirements prescribed in the relevant provisions referred to in the above table.

9. MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR A TYPE OF SAFETY-GLASS PANE

9.1. All modifications to a type of safety-glass pane, or, in the case of windscreens, all additions of windscreens to a group, must be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of safety-glass pane. The department may then either: 9.1.1. consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and, in the case of windscreens, that the new type comes within the approved group of windscreens, and that at all events the safety-glass pane still complies with the requirements, or 9.1.2. require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

9.2. Communication 9.2.1. Confirmation, refusal or extension of component type-approval are communicated to the Member States in accordance with the procedure specified in section 5.3. 9.2.2. The competent authority which has granted an extension of component type-approval must place a serial number on each communication relating to the extension.

10. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

10.1. Safety glazing granted type-approval under this and the following Annexes must be so manufactured as to conform to the approved type and meet the requirements set out in sections 6, 7 and 8.

10.2. To verify that the requirements of 10.1 have been met, constant checks must be carried out on production.

10.3. The holder of the component type-approval must in particular: 10.3.1. ensure that procedures exist for controlling the quality of the product, 10.3.2. have access to the equipment necessary for checking conformity to each approved type, 10.3.3. record data of test results and make the ancillary documents ( 12 ) available for a period to be determined in agreement with the administrative department, 10.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test to verify and ensure consistency of the product characteristics, allowing for the permissible variations in industrial production, 10.3.5. ensure that, for each type of product, at least the tests prescribed in Annex III O are carried out, and 10.3.6. ensure that where any samples or test-pieces show non-conformity with the type of test concerned, further samples are taken and tested. All necessary steps must be taken to re-establish conformity in the production concerned.

10.4. The competent authority may at any time verify the methods for checking conformity applicable to each production unit (see point 1.3 of Annex III O). 10.4.1. At every inspection, the test data and production records must be presented to the inspector. 10.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined in the light of the results of the manufacturer's own checks. 10.4.3. Where the quality standard appears unsatisfactory or where it appears necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out under point 10.4.2, the inspector may select samples to be sent to the technical service which conducted the component type-approval test. 10.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Directive. 10.4.5. The normal frequency of inspection is two per year. If unsatisfactory results are found during any of these inspections, the competent authority must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as quickly as possible.

11. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

11.1. Component type-approval granted in respect of a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in point 10.1 is not complied with.

11.2. If a Member State withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it must forthwith notify the other Member States thereof by means of a copy of the component type-approval certificate with ‘COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL WITHDRAWN’ added in large letters at the bottom of the certificate, and signed and dated.

12. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DICSONTINUED

If the holder of component type-approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of safety-glass pane approved in accordance with this Directive, he must inform thereof the authority which granted the approval. That authority must in turn notify the other Member States thereof, by means of a copy of the compound type-approval notice conforming to the model shown in Annex III B to this Directive.

13. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL TESTS AND OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS GRANTING SUCH APPROVAL

Each Member State must communicate to the other Member States and the Commission the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting component type-approval tests and of the administrative departments granting EEC component type-approval, to which the component type-approval certificate and certificates indicating refusal or withdrawal of component type-approval issued in the other Member States are to be sent.









Appendix

EXAMPLES OF COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARKS

(See section 5.5 of Annex III A)

Toughened-glass windscreens:

The above component type-approval mark, affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen, shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Toughened-glass windscreens faced with plastic material

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens

The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens faced with plastic material

The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass windscreen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Threated laminated-glass windscreens

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a treated laminated-glass windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass-plastic windscreens

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass-plastic windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a windscreen to which the requirements of Annex III-C section 9.1.4.2., are applicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Double-glazed units having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a double-glazed unit shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass panes other than windscreens to be used as windscreens for tractors:

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane shows that the component concerned intended to be used as a windscreen on a tractor was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.

Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of 70 % more

The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a windscreen to which the requirements of point 9.1.4.1 of Annex III C are applicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.









ANNEX III B









Appendix 1

TOUGHENED-GLASS WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III D or III I)









Appendix 2

UNIFORMLY TOUGHENED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III E or III I)









Appendix 3

LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS

(ordinary, treated or plastic-coated)

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III F, III H or III I)









Appendix 4

LAMINATED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III G or III I)









Appendix 5

GLASS-PLASTIC WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III J)









Appendix 6

GLASS-PLASTIC PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III K)









Appendix 7

DOUBLE-GLAZED UNITS

(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III L)









Appendix 8

CONTENTS OF THE LIST OF WINDSCREENS ( 13 )









ANNEX III C

GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS

1. FRAGMENTATION TESTS

1.1 The pane of glass to be tested must not be rigidly secured; it may however be fastened on an indentical glass pane by means of adhesive tape applied all round the edge.

1.2. To obtain fragmentation, a hammer of about 75 g or some other appliance giving equivalent results is used. The radius of curvature of the point is 0,2 ± 0,05 mm.

1.3. One test must be carried out at each prescribed point of impact.

1.4. An examination must be made of the fragments on photographic contact paper, exposure commencing not more than 10 seconds and terminating not more than three minutes after impact. Only the darkest lines, representing the initial fracture, are taken into consideration. The laboratory must keep photographic reproductions of the fragmentation obtained.

2. BALL-IMPACT TESTS

2.1. 227-g-ball test

2.1.1. Apparatus

2.1.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 227 ± 2 g and a diameter of approximately 38 mm.

2.1.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.1.1.3. Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 1, composed of steel frames, with machined borders 15 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm wide and of hardness 50 IRHD. The lower frame rests on a steel box about 150 mm high. The test-piece is held in place by the upper frame, the mass of which is about 3 kg. The supporting frame is welded on to a sheet of steel about 12 mm thick resting on the floor with an interposed sheet of rubber about 3 mm thick and of hardness 50 IRHD. Figure 1 Support for ball tests

2.1.2. Test conditions

— Temperature: 20 ± 5 oC.

— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

2.1.3. Test piece

The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/− 0 mm.

2.1.4. Procedure

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately proceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece must be perpendicular, within 3o, to the incident direction of the ball.

The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece for a drop height of 6 m or less, and within 50 mm of the centre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 m. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.

2.2. 2 260-g-ball test

2.2.1. Apparatus

2.2.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2 260 ± 20 g and a diameter of approximately 82 mm.

2.2.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.2.1.3. The supporting fixture is as shown in Figure 1 and identical with that described in point 2.1.1.3.

2.2.2. Test conditions

— Temperature: 20 ± 5 oC.

— Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

2.2.3. Test piece

The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/− 0 mm or cut out from the flattest part of a windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass.

Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass may be tested. In this case care must be taken to ensure adequate contact between the safety-glass pane and the support.

2.2.4. Procedure

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately proceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece must be perpendicular, within 3o, to the incident direction of the ball.

In the case of glass-plastic glazing the test piece is clamped to the support.

The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.

3. HEADFORM TEST

3.1. Apparatus

3.1.1. Headform weight with a spherical or semi-spherical headform made of laminated hardwood covered with replaceable felt and with or without a cross-beam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped intermediate piece between the spherical part and the cross-beam and a mounting rod on the other side of the cross-beam. The dimensions are in accordance with Figure 2. The total mass of the apparatus is 10 ± 0,2 kg. Figure 2 Headform weight

3.1.2. Device for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be specified, or device for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ± 1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

3.1.3. Supporting fixture, as shown in Figure 3, for testing flat test pieces. The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders 50 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 ± 1 mm wide and a hardness 70 IRHD. The upper frame is held pressed against the lower frame by at least eight bolts.

3.2. Test conditions

3.2.1. — Temperature: 20 ± 5 oC.

3.2.2. — Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

3.2.3. — Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %. Figure 3 Support for headform tests (1) The minimum recommended torque for M 20 is 30 Nm.

3.3. Procedure

3.3.1. Test on a flat test piece

The flat test piece, having a length of 1 100 + 5/− 2 mm and a width of 500 + 5/− 2 mm is kept at a constant temperature of 20 ± 5 oC for at least four hours immediately preceding the test. Fix the test piece in the supporting frames (3.1.3); tighten the bolts so as to ensure that the movement of the test piece during the test does not exceed 2 mm. The plane of the test piece must be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the weight. The weight must strike the test piece within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.

3.3.3. Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less than or equal to 1,5 m)

Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width of contact over the whole perimeter being about 15 mm. The support consists of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the windscreen so that the headform weight strikes the internal surface. If necessary, the support must rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm.

The surface of the windscreen must be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the headform weight.

The headform weight must strike the windscreen at a point within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.

4. ABRASION TEST

4.1. Apparatus

4.1.1. Abrading instrument ( 14 ), shown diagrammatically in Figure 4 and consisting of: — a horizontal turntable, with centre clamp, which revolves counter-clockwise at 65 to 75 rev/min, and — Figure 4 Diagram of abrading instrument — two weighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive wheel freely relating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each wheel rests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of 500 g. The turntable of the abrading instrument must rotate regularly, substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane must not be greater than ± 0,05 mm at a distance of 1,6 mm from turntable periphery). The wheels must be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating test piece they rotate in opposite directions so as to exert, twice during each rotation of the test piece, a compressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annular area of about 30 cm2.

4.1.2. Abrasive wheels ( 15 ), each 45 to 50 mm in diameter and 12,5 mm thick, composed of a special finely screened abrasive embedded in a medium-hard rubber. The wheels must have a hardness of 72 ± 5 IRHD, as measured at four points equally spaced on the centre line of the abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically along a diameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10 seconds after full application of the pressure. The abrasive wheels must be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely even.

4.1.3. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained within a parallel pipe measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3 mm. The voltage must be stabilized within ± 1/1 000. The instrument used to check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.

4.1.4. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length, ƒ, of at least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens must not exceed ƒ/20. The distance between the lens and the light source is adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 mm ± 1 mm. This diaphragm must be situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source.

4.1.5. Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 5), consisting of a photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 to 250 mm in diameter. The sphere is equipped with entrance and exit ports for the light. The entrance port must be circular and have a diameter at least twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere is provided with either a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedure as described in point 4.4.3 below. The light trap absorbs all the light when no test piece is inserted in the light beam. The axis of the light beam must pass through the centre of the entrance and exit ports. The diameter, b, of the light-exit port must be equal to 2a · tan 4o, where a is the diameter of the sphere. The photoelectric cell must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard. The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance standard must be of substantially equal reflectance and matt and non-selective. The output of the photoelectric cell must be linear within ± 2 % over the range of luminous intensities used. The design of the instrument must be such that there is no galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark. The whole apparatus must be checked at regular intervals by means of calibration standards of defined haze. If haze measurements are made using equipment or methods differing from those defined above, the results must be corrected, if necessary, to bring them into agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above. Figure 5 Hazamenter

4.2. Test conditions

4.2.1. Temperature: 20 ± 5 oC.

4.2.2. Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

4.2.3. Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

4.3. Test pieces

The test pieces must be flat squares whose sides measure 100 mm having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel and if necessary having a fixing hole 6,4 + 0,2/− 0 mm in diameter drilled in the centre.

4.4. Procedure

The abrasion test is carried out on that surface of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle and also on the inward-face in the case of a glass pane with a plastic coating.

4.4.1. Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces in the following manner: (a) wipe with a linen cloth under clean running water; (b) rinse with distilled or demineralized water; (c) blow dry with oxygen or nitrogen; (d) remove possible traces of water by dabbing softly with a damp linen cloth. If necessary, dry by pressing lightly between two linen cloths. Any treatment with ultrasonic equipment must be avoided. After cleaning, the test pieces must be handled only by their edges and stored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces.

4.4.2. Condition the test pieces for a minimum time of 48 hours at a temperature of 20 ± 5 oC and a relative humidity of 60 ± 20 %.

4.4.3. Immediately place the test piece against the entrance port of the integrating sphere. The angle between the normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the test piece and the axis of the beam must not exceed 8o. Take four readings as indicated in the following table:



Reading With test piece With light trap With reflectance standard Quantity represented T1 No No Yes Incident light T2 Yes No Yes Total light transmitted by test piece T3 No Yes No Light scattered by instrument T4 Yes Yes No Light scattered by instrument and test piece Repeat readings T1, T2, T3 and T4 with other specified positions of the test piece to determine uniformity. Calculate the total transmittance Tt = T2/T1. Calculate the diffuse transmittance Td as follows: Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows: Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four equally spaced points in the unabraded area in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more. For each safety-glass pane, carry out three tests with the same kind. Use the haze as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the test piece has been subjected to the abrasion test. Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of four equally spaced points along the track in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.

4.5 The abrasion test to be carried out only at the discretion of the laboratory conducting the test with due regard to the information already at its disposal, e.g. changes in the interlayer or material thickness will not normally necessitate further testing.

4.6. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics. No secondary characteristics are involved.

5. HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEST

5.1. Procedure

Heat to 100 oC three test samples or three test pieces of at least 300 mm × 300 mm taken by the laboratory from three windscreens or three glass panes other than windscreens, as appropriate, one of whose dimensions corresponds to the upper edge of the pane.

Maintain this temperature for a period of two hours, then allow the test sample(s) to cool to room temperature. If the safety-glass pane has both external surfaces of inorganic material, the test may be carried out by immersing the test sample vertically in boiling water for the specified period of time, care being taken to avoid undue thermal shock. If specimens are cut from windscreens, one edge of each such test specimen shall be part of an edge of the windscreen.

5.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics







Colourless Tinted Colouring of the interlayer: 1 2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

5.3. Interpretation of results

5.3.1. The test for resistance to high temperature is considered to give a positive result if bubbles or other defects are not formed more than 15 mm from an uncut edge or 25 mm from a cut edge of the test piece or sample or more than 10 mm from any cracks which may occur during the test.

5.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval are considered satisfactory from the point of view of the high-temperature resistance test if either of the following conditions is fulfilled: 5.3.2.1. all the tests give a satisfactory result, or 5.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples give satisfactory results.

6. RESISTANCE-TO-RADIATION TEST

6.1. Test method

6.1.1. Apparatus

6.1.1.1. Radiation source consisting of a medium-pressure mercury-vapour arc lamp with a tubular quartz bulb of ozone-free type; the bulb axis is vertical. The nominal dimensions of the lamp are 360 mm in length by 9,5 mm in diameter. The arc length is 300 ± 4 mm. The lamp must be operated at 750 ± 50 W. Any other source of radiation which produces the same effects as the lamp specified above may be used. To check that the effects of another source are the same, a comparison is made by measuring the amount of energy emitted within a wavelength range of 300 to 450 mm, all other wavelengths being removed by the use of suitable filters. The alternative source is then used with these filters. In the case of safety-glass panes for which there is no satisfactory correlation between this test and the conditions of use it will be necessary to review the test conditions.

6.1.1.2. Power supply transformer and capacitor capable of supplying to the lamp (6.1.1.1) a starting peak-voltage of 1 100 V minimum and an operating voltage of 500 ± 50 V.

6.1.1.3. Device for mounting and rotating the test specimens at 1 to 5 rev/min about the centrally located radiation source in order to ensure even exposure.

6.1.2. Test pieces

6.1.2.1. The size of the test pieces is 76 mm × 300 mm.

6.1.2.2. The test pieces are cut by the laboratory from the upper part of the panes in such a way that: — in the case of glass panes other than windscreens the upper edge of the test pieces coincides with the upper edge of the panes, — in the case of windscreens the upper edge of the test pieces coincides with the upper limit of the zone in which regular transmittance is to be checked and determined in accordance with point 9.1.2.2 of this Annex.

6.1.3. Procedure

Check the regular light transmittance, determined in accordance with points 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex, of three test samples before exposure. Protect a portion of each sample from the radiation, and then place the sample in the test apparatus 230 mm from and parallel lengthwise to the lamp axis. Maintain the temperature of the samples at 45 ± 5 oC throughout the test. That face of each test sample which would constitute a grazed exterior part of the tractor must face the lamp. For the type of lamp specified in point 6.1.1.1 the exposure time is 100 hours. After exposure, measure the regular light transmittance again in the exposed area of each sample.

6.1.4. Each test piece or sample (three in total) is subjected, in accordance with the procedure above, to radiation such that the radiation on each point of the test piece or sample produces on the interlayer used the same effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of 1 400 W/m2 for 100 hours.

6.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics







Colourless Tinted Colouring of glass 2 1 Colouring of interlayer 1 2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

6.3. Interpretation of results

6.3.1. The test for resistance to radiation is deemed to have given a positive result if the following conditions are fulfilled: 6.3.1.1. the total light transmittance measured in accordance with sections 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex does not fall below 95 % of the original value before irradiation and, in any case does not fall below: 6.3.1.1.1. 70 % in the case of glass panes other than windscreens which must meet the requirements concerning the driver's field of vision in all directions; 6.3.1.1.2. 75 % in the case of windscreens, within the zone in which regular transmittance is to be checked, as defined in point 9.1.2.2 below. 6.3.1.2. The test piece or sample may however show a slight coloration after irradiation when examined against a white background, but no other defect may be apparent.

6.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance to radiation test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled: 6.3.2.1. all tests give a satisfactory result, or 6.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples give satisfactory results.

7. RESISTANCE-TO-HUMIDITY TEST

7.1. Procedure

Keep three test samples or three test pieces at least 300 mm × 300 mm square vertically for two weeks in a closed container in which the temperature is maintained at 50 ± 2 oC and the relative humidity at 95 % ± 4 % ( 16 ).

Test pieces are prepared in such a way that:

— one edge of each test piece is part of an original edge of the windscreen,

— should several test pieces be tested at the same time, adequate spacing must be provided between them.

Precautions must be taken to prevent condensation from the walls or ceiling of the test chamber from falling on the test specimens.

7.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics







Colourless Tinted Colouring of interlayer 1 2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

7.3. Interpretation of results

7.3.1. Safety-glass panes are deemed to be satisfactory from the point of view of resistance to humidity if no significant change is observed more than 10 mm from the uncut edges or more than 15 mm from the cut edges, following a stay of two hours in the ambient atmosphere by ordinary and treated laminated glass, and of 48 hours in the ambient atmosphere by plastic-coated glass panes and plastic glazing.

7.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance to humidity test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled: 7.3.2.1. all the tests give a satisfactory result; 7.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples give satisfactory results.

8. TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE

8.1. Test method

Two 300 × 300 mm test pieces are placed in an enclosed chamber for six hours at a temperature of − 40 ± 5 oC; they are then placed in the ambient air at a temperature of 23 ± 2 oC for an hour, or until the test piece has reached a stable temperature. They are then placed in an air flow at a temperature of 72 ± 2 oC for three hours. The test pieces are then examined after they have been returned to the ambient air at 23 ± 2 oC and cooled to that temperature.

8.2. Index of difficulty of the secondary characteristics







Colourless Tinted Colouring of plastic interlayer or coating 1 2

No other secondary characteristics are involved.

8.3. Interpretation of results

The test of resistance to changes in temperature is considered to have given a positive result if the test pieces display no cracking, opacification, exfoliation or other obvious deterioration.

9. OPTICAL QUALITIES

9.1. Light transmission test

9.1.1. Apparatus

9.1.1.1. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp having its filament contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp filament must be such that the colour temperature is 2 856 K ± 50 K. This voltage is stabilized within ± . The instrument used to check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.

9.1.1.2. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length of at least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens must not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the light source must be so adjusted as to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 ± 1 mm. This diaphragm is situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source. The point of measurement is taken at the centre of the light beam.

9.1.1.3. Measuring equipment. The receiver must have a relative spectral sensitivity in substantial agreement with the relative spectral luminous efficiency for the ICI ( 17 ) standard photometric observer for photopic vision. The sensitive surface of the receiver is covered with a diffusing medium and must have at least twice the cross-section of the light beam emitted by the optical system. If an integrating sphere is used, the aperture of the sphere must have a cross-sectional area at least twice that of the parallel portion of the beam. The linearity of the receiver and the associated indicated instrument must be better than 2 % of the effective part of the scale.

9.1.2. Procedure

So adjust the instrument indicating the response of the receiver that it indicates 100 divisions when the safety-glass pane is not inserted in the light path. When no light is falling on the receiver, the instrument must read zero.

Place the safety-glass pane at a distance from the receiver equal to approximately five times the diameter of the receiver. Insert the safety-glass pane between the diaphragm and the receiver and adjust its orientation in such a way that the angle of incidence of the light beam is equal to 0o ± 5o. The regular transmittance is measured on the safety-glass pane, and for every point measured the number of divisions, n, shown on the indicating instrument, are read. The regular transmittance τr is equal to n/100.

9.1.2.1. In the case of windscreens, alternative test methods may be applied using either a test sample cut from the flattest part of a windscreen or a specially prepared flat square with material and thickness characteristics identical to those of the actual windscreen, the measurements being taken normal (perpendicular) to the glass pane.

9.1.2.2. The test is carried out in the zone I specified in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex.

9.1.2.3. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I, the test is carried out in zone I′ as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex.

9.1.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics







Colourless Tinted Colouring of the glass 1 2 Colouring of the interlayer (in the case of laminated windscreens) 1 2







not included included Shade and/or obscuration bands 1 2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

9.1.4. Interpretation of results

9.1.4.1. The regular transmittance measured according to section 9.1.2 in the case of windscreens must not be less than 75 %, and in the case of windows other than windscreens not less than 70 %.

9.1.4.2. In the case of windows situated at points which are not essential to the driver's field of vision (glazed roof, for example) the regular transmittance factor of the light from the pane may be less than 70 %. Windows having a regular light transmittance factor of less than 70 % must be marked with an appropriate symbol.

9.2. Optical-distortion test

9.2.1. Scope

The method specified is a projection method which permits evaluation of the optical distortion of a safety-glass pane.

9.2.1.1. Definitions

9.2.1.1.1. Optical deviation: the angle between the true and the apparent direction of a point viewed through the safety-glass pane, the magnitude of the angle being a function of the angle of incidence of the line of sight, the thickness and inclination of the glass pane, and the radius of curvature at the point of incidence.

9.2.1.1.2. Optical distortion in a direction MM′: the algebraic difference in angular deviation Δα measured between two points M and M′ on the surface of the safety-glass pane, the distance between the two points being such that their projections in a plane at right angles to the direction of vision are separated by a given distance Δx (see Figure 6). Anti-clockwise deviation is to be regarded as positive and clockwise deviation as negative.

9.2.1.1.3. Optical distortion at a point M: the optical distortion maximum for all directions MM′ from the point M.

9.2.1.2. Apparatus

This method entails the projection of an appropriate slide (raster) on to the display screen through the safety-glass pane being tested. The change caused in the shape of the projected image by the insertion of the safety-glass pane in the line of light provides a measures of the distortion. The apparatus comprises the following items, arranged as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 6

Diagrammatic representation of optical distortion

Notes:

Δα = α1 − α2, i.e. the optical distortion in the direction MM′.

Δx = MC i.e. the distance between two straight lines parallel to the direction of vision and passing through the points M and M′.

Figure 7

Optical arrangement of the projector

9.2.1.2.1. Projector, of good quality, with a high-intensity point light source, having for example the following characteristics: — focal length at least 90 mm, — aperture approximately 1/2,5, — 150 W quartz halogen lamp (if used without a filter), — 250 W quartz halogen lamp (if a green filter is used). Figure 8 Enlarged section of the slide The projector is shown schematically in Figure 7. A diaphragm of 8 mm diameter is positioned approximately 10 mm from the front lens.

9.2.1.2.2. Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular shapes on a dark background (see Figure 8). The slide must be of sufficiently high quality and contrast to enable measurement to be carried out with an error of less than 5 %. In the absence of the safety-glass pane to be examined, the dimensions of the circular shapes must be such that when the circular shapes are projected they form an array of circles of diameter Δx where Δx = 4 mm (see Figures 6 and 9). Figure 9 Arrangement of the apparatus for the optical-distortion test

9.2.1.2.3. Support stand, preferably one permitting vertical and horizontal scanning, as well as rotation of the safety-glass pane.

9.2.1.2.4. Checking template, for measuring changes in dimensions where a rapid assessment is required. A suitable design is shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 Design for a suitable checking template

9.2.1.3. Procedure

9.2.1.3.1. General

Mount the safety-glass pane on the support stand (9.2.1.2.3) at the designated rake angle. Project the test image through the area being examined. Rotate the safety-glass pane or move it either horizontally or vertically in order to examine the whole of the specified area.

9.2.1.3.2. Assessment using a checking template

Where a rapid assessment with a possible margin of error of up to 20 % is sufficient, calculate the value of A (see Figure 10) from the limit value ΔαL for the change in deviation and the value of R 2, the distance from the safety-glass pane to the display screen:

The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected image Δd and the change in angular deviation Δα is given by:

where:

Δd is expressed in millimetres,

A is expressed in millimetres,

ΔαL is expressed in minutes of arc,

Δα is expressed in minutes of arc, and

R2 is expressed in metres.

9.2.1.3.3. Measurement using a photoelectric device

Where a precise measurement with a possible margin of error of less than 10 % of the limit value is required, measure Δd on the projection axis, the value of the spot width being taken at the point where the luminance is 0,5 times the maximum spot luminance value.

9.2.1.4. Expression of results

Evaluate the optical distortion of the safety-glass panes by measuring Δd at any point of the surface and in all directions in order to find Δd max.

9.2.1.5. Alternative method

In addition, a strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to the projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the measurements given in points 9.2.1.3.2 and 9.2.1.3.3 is maintained.

9.2.1.6. The distance Δx must be 4 mm.

9.2.1.7. The windscreen must be mounted at the same rake angle as on the tractor.

9.2.1.8. The projection axis in the horizontal plane must be maintained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.

9.2.2. The measurements are performed in zone I as prescribed in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex. 9.2.2.1. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex, the test is carried out in zone I′, as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex. 9.2.2.2. Tractor type The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a tractor of a type which has a different forward field of vision from that of the tractor type for which the windscreen has already been approved.

9.2.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics 9.2.3.1. Nature of the material



Polished (plate) glass Float glass Sheet glass 1 1 2 9.2.3.2. Other secondary characteristics No other secondary characteristics are involved.

9.2.4. Number of samples Four samples must be submitted for testing.

9.2.5. Definition of the zone of vision of tractor windscreens. 9.2.5.1. The zone of vision is defined on the basis of: 9.2.5.1.1. the reference point as defined in point 1.2 of the Annex ‘Field of vision’ to Council Directive 74/347/EEC of 25 June 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the field of vision and windscreen wipers for w