1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 17December 197 3
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the interior fittings of motor
vehicles (interior parts of the passenger compartment other than the interior rear-view mirrors,layout of the controls, the roof or ►
C2 opening roof ◄, the backrest and rear part of the seats)
(74/60/EEC)
(OJ L 38, 11.2.1974, p. 2)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Directive 78/632/EEC of 19 May 1978 L 206 26 29.7.1978
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 215, 6.8.1974, p. 20 (74/60)
►C2Corrigendum, OJ L 53, 25.2.1977, p. 30 (74/60)
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 2
▼B
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 17December 197 3
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
the interior fittings of motor vehicles (interior parts of thepassenger compartment other than the interior rear-view mirrors,layout of the controls, the roof or ►
C2 opening roof ◄, the
backrest and rear part of the seats)
(74/60/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament (
1);
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee (2);
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia , to interior fittings for the
protection of the occupants;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the samerequirements either in addition to or in place of their existing regula-tions in order, in particular, to allow for the EEC type approval proce-dure, which was the subject of the Council Directive of 6 February1970 (
3) on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type approval of motor vehicles and their trailers to be applied inrespect of each type of vehicle;
Whereas common requirements for interior rear view mirrors have been
laid down by the Council Directive of 1 March 1971 (
4) and require-
ments should also be drawn up for the interior fittings of the passengercompartment, the layout of the controls, the roof and backrest and rearpart of the seats; whereas other requirements will be adopted subse-quently on interior fittings and relating to the anchorages for safety beltsand seats, head restraints, the protection of the driver against thesteering unit and the layout of the controls;
Whereas harmonized requirements must reduce the risk or the severity
of injuries of which motor vehicle drivers may be victims and therebyensure road safety throughout the entire Community;
Whereas, with regard to technical requirements, it is appropriate to
utilize basically those adopted by the United Nations EconomicCommission for Europe in its Regulation No 21 (‘Uniform requirementsconcerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their interior fittings')which is annexed to the Agreement of 20 March 1958 concerning theadoption of uniform conditions of approval and reciprocal recognitionof approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of the Directive, ‘vehicle'means any motor vehicle in
category M1 (defined in Annex I of the Directive of 6 February 1970)
(1) OJ No C 112, 27. 10. 1972, p. 14.
(2) OJ No C 123, 27. 11. 1972, p. 32.
(3) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.
(4) OJ No L 68, 22. 3. 1971, p. 1.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 3
▼B
designed for use on the road, having at least four wheels and amaximum design speed exceeding 25 km/h.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type approval or national
type approval of a vehicle on grounds relating to such interior fittings ofthe vehicles as:
— the interior parts of the passenger compartment other than the
interior rear-view mirror or mirrors,
— the layout of the controls,— the roof or ►
C2opening roof ◄,
— the backrest and rear part of the seats,
if these meet the requirements set out in the Annexes.
Article 3
No Member State may refuse to register or prohibit the sale, entry into
service or use of any vehicle on grounds relating to:
— the interior parts of the passenger compartment other than the
interior rear-view mirror or mirrors,
— the layout of the controls,— the roof or ►
C2opening roof ◄,
— the backrest and the rear part of the seats,
if these items meet the requirements set out in the Annexes.
Article 4
The Member State which has granted type approval must take the
necessary measures to ensure that it is informed of any modification ofa part or characteristic referred to in Annex I, 2.2. The competentauthorities of that State shall determine whether fresh tests should becarried out on the ►
C1modified vehicle type ◄and a fresh report
drawn up. Where such tests reveal failure to comply with the require-ment of this Directive, the modification shall not be approved.
Article 5
Modifications which are necessary to adapt the provisions of the
Annexes to take account of technical progress shall be adopted inaccordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of the CouncilDirective of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the laws ofMember States relating to the type approval of motor vehicles and theirtrailers.
Article 6
1. Member States shall put into force provisions necessary in order to
comply with this Directive within eighteen months of its notificationand shall immediately inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of
national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive arecommunicated to the Commission.
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 4
▼B
ANNEX I(1)
DEFINITIONS, APPLICATIONS FOR EEC APPROVAL AND SPECIFI-
CATIONS
(1.)
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Directive
(2.1.)2.2. ‘Vehicle type' with respect to the interior fittings of the
passenger compartment (other than the rear-view mirror(s): thearrangement of the controls, the roof or sliding roof, the backrest and rear part of the seats) means motor vehicles which donot differ in such essential respects as:
2.2.1. the lines of constituent materials of the bodywork of the
passenger compartment,
2.2.2. the arrangement of the controls,2.3. ‘reference zone' means the head impact zone as defined in
Annex II except:
2.3.1. the area bounded by the forward horizontal projection of a
circle circumscribing the outer limits of the steering control,increased by a peripheral band 127 mm in width; this area isbounded below by the horizontal plane tangential to the loweredge of the steering control when the latter is in the positionfor driving straight ahead,
2.3.2. the part of the surface of the instrument panel comprised
between the edge of the area specified in point 2.3.1 above andthe nearest inner side-wall of the vehicle; this surface isbounded below by the horizontal plane tangential to the loweredge of the steering control; and
2.3.3. the windscreen side pillars,2.4. ‘level of the instrument panel' shall mean the line defined by
the points of contact of vertical tangents to the instrumentpanel,
2.5. ‘roof'shall mean the upper part of the vehicle extending from
the upper edge of the windscreen to the upper edge of the rearwindow, bounded at the sides by the upper framework of theside-walls,
2.6. ►
M1‘belt line'shall mean the line formed by the transparent
lower contour of the side windows of the vehicle ◄,
2.7. ►M1‘convertible vehicle' shall mean a vehicle where in
certain configurations there is no rigid part of the vehicle bodyabove the belt line with exception of the front roof supportsand/or the roll-over bars and/or the seat-belt anchoragepoints◄,
2.8. ►
M1‘vehicle with opening roof' shall mean a vehicle of
which only the roof or a part of it can be folded back or beopen, or may slide, leaving the existing structural elements ofthe vehicle above the belt line ◄,
▼
M1
2.9. ‘folding (tip-up) seat'shall mean an auxiliary seat intended for
occasional use and which is normally folded out of the way.
▼B
3. APPLICATION FOR EEC TYPE APPROVAL3.1. The application for type approval of a vehicle shall be
submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his representative.
(1) The text of the Annexes is basically similar to that of Regulation No 21 of the
United Nations’ Economic Commission for Europe and in particular the subdivisioninto points is the same; for this reason when an item in Regulation No 21 does notfigure as a corresponding item in this Directive, its number is shown for the recordin brackets.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 5
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3.2. It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in
triplicate and by the following particulars:
— a detailed description of the vehicle type with regard to the
items mentioned in point 2.2 above;
— a photograph or an exploded view of the passenger
compartment; and
— the numbers and/or symbols identifying the vehicle type
must be specified.
3.3. The following must be submitted to the technical service
responsible for conducting the tests:
3.3.1. at the manufacturer’s discretion, either a vehicle representative
of the vehicle type to be approved or the part(s) of the vehicleregarded as essential for the checks and tests prescribed by thisDirective; and
3.3.2. at the request of the aforesaid technical service, certain compo-
nents and certain samples of the materials used.
(4.)
5. SPECIFICATIONS5.1. Forward interior parts of the passenger compartment
above the level of the instrument panel in front of the frontseat H points, excluding the side doors
5.1.1. The reference zone defined in point 2.3 above must not contain
any dangerous roughness or sharp edges likely to increase therisk of serious injury to the occupants. Those parts referred toin points 5.1.2 to 5.1.6 hereafter shall be deemed satisfactory ifthey comply with the requirements thereof.
5.1.2. Vehicle parts within the reference zone with the exception of
those which are not part of the instrument panel and which areplaced at less than 10 cm from glazed surfaces shall be energy-dissipating as prescribed in Annex III. Those parts within thereference zone which satisfy both of the following conditionsshall also be excluded from consideration:
— if, during a test in accordance with the requirements of
Annex III, the pendulum makes contact with parts outsidethe reference zone; and
— if the parts to be tested are placed less than 10 cm away
from the parts contacted outside the reference zone, thisdistance being measured on the surface of the referencezone;
any metal support fittings shall have no protruding edges.
5.1.3. The lower edge of the instrument panel, unless it meets the
requirements of point 5.1.2 above, shall be rounded to a radiusof curvature of not less than 19 mm.
5.1.4. Switches, pull-knobs, etc, made of rigid material, which, meas-
ured in accordance with the method described in Annex Vfrom 3 ·2m mt o9 ·5 mm from the panel, shall have a cross-
sectional area of not less than 2 cm
2, measured 2 ·5 mm from
the point projecting furthest, and shall have rounded edges witha radius of curvature of not less than 2 ·5 mm.
5.1.5. If these components project by more than 9 ·5 mm from the
surface of the instrument panel, they shall be so designed andconstructed as to be able, under the effect of a longitudinalhorizontal force of 37.8 daN delivered by a flat ended ram ofnot more than 50 mm diameter either to retract into the surfaceof the panel until they do not project by more than 9 ·5m mo r
to become detached; in the latter case no dangerous projectionsof more than 9 ·5 mm shall remain; a cross-section not more
than 6 ·5 mm from the point of maximum projection shall be
not less than 6 ·50 cm
2in area.
5.1.6. In the ca se of aprojection consisting of acomponent ma de of
non-rigid material of less than 50 shore A hardness mounted ona rigid support, the requirements of points 5.1.4 and 5.1.5 shallapply only to the rigid support.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 6
▼B
5.2. Forward interior parts of the passenger compartment
below the level of the instrument panel and in front of thefront seat H points, excluding the side doors and the pedals
5.2.1. Except for the pedals and their fixtures and those components
that cannot be contacted by the device described in Annex VIand used in accordance with the procedure described therein,components covered by point 5.2 shall comply with therequirements of points 5.1.4 to 5.1.6 above.
5.2.2. The hand-brake control, if mounted on or under the instrument
panel, shall be so placed that, when it is released, there is nopossibility of occupants of the vehicle’s contacting it in theevent of a frontal impact. If this condition is not met, thesurface area of the control shall satisfy the requirements ofpoint 5.3.2.3 below.
5.2.3. Shelves and other similar items shall be so designed and
constructed that their supports in no case have protruding edgesand they meet one or other of the following conditions:
5.2.3.1. the part facing into the vehicle shall present a surface not less
than 25 mm high with edges rounded to a radius of curvatureof not less than 3 ·2 mm. This surface shall ►
C2be covered
with or constituted of an energy-dissipating material ◄as
defined in Annex III, and shall be tested in accordance there-with, the impact being applied in a horizontal longitudinaldirection.
5.2.3.2. Shelves and other similar items shall, under the effect of a
forward-acting horizontal longitudinal force of 37 ·8d aN
exerted by a cylinder of 110 mm diameter with its axis vertical,become detached, break up, be substantially distorted or retractwithout producing dangerous features on the rim of the shelf.The force must be directed at the strongest part of the shelvesor other similar items.
5.2.4. If the items in question contain a part made of material softer
than 50 shore A hardness when fitted to a rigid support, theabove requirements, except for the requirements covered byAnnex III relating to energy absorption, shall apply.
5.3. ►
M1 Other interior fittings in the passenger compartment
in front of the transverse plane passing through the torsoreference line of the manikin placed on the rearmostseats◄
5.3.1. Scope
►
M1The requirements of point 5.3.2 below shall apply to
control handles, levers and knobs and to any other protrudingobjects not referred to in points 5.1 and 5.2 above (see alsounder 5.3.2.2). ◄
5.3.2. Requirements
►
M1If the items referred to in point 5.3.1 are so placed that
occupants of the vehicle can contact them, they shall meet therequirements of points 5.3.2.1 to 5.3.4. If they can be contactedby a 165 mm diameter sphere and are above the lowest H point(see Annex IV) of the front seats and forward of the transverseplane of the torso reference line of the manikin on the rearmostseat, and outside the zones defined in points 2.3.1 and 2.3.2,these requirements shall be considered to have been fulfilledif:◄
5.3.2.1. Their surface shall terminate in rounded edges, the radii of
curvature being not less than 3 ·2 mm.
5.3.2.2. Control levers and knobs shall be so designed and constructed
that, under the effect of a forward-acting longitudinal hori-zontal force of 37 ·8 daN either the projection in its most
unfavourable position shall be reduced to not more than 25 mmfrom the surface of the panel or the said fittings shall becomedetached or bent: in the two latter cases no dangerous projec-tions shall remain.
Window winders may, however, project 35 mm from the
surface of the panel.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 7
▼B
5.3.2.3. The hand brake control when in the released position and the
gear lever when in any forward gear position, except whenplaced in the zones defined in points 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 and zonesbelow the horizontal plane passing through the H point of thefront seats, shall have a surface area of at least 6 ·5c m
2meas-
ured at a cross-section normal to the longitudinal horizontaldirection up to adista nce of 6 ·5 mm from the furthest
projecting part, the radius of curvature being not less than 3 ·2
mm.
5.3.3. ►
M1The requirements of point 5.3.2.3 shall not apply to
floor-mounted hand brake control; for such controls if theheight of any part in the released position is above a horizontalplane passing through the lowest H point of the front seats (seeAnnex IV) the control shall have a cross sectional area of atleast 6 ·5c m
2, measured in a horizontal plane, not more than
6·5 mm from the furthest projecting part (measured in the
vertical direction). The radius of curvature must not be lessthan 3 ·2 mm.◄
5.3.4. Other items of equipment in the vehicle not covered by the
preceding points such as seat slide rails, equipment for regu-lating the horizontal or vertical part of the seat, devices forretracting safety belts, etc. shall not be subject to any of theseprovisions if they are situated below a horizontal plane passingthrough the H point of each seat, even though the occupant islikely to come into contact with such items.
▼
M1
5.3.4.1. Components mounted on the roof but which are not part of the
roof structure, such as grab handles, lights and sun visors, etc.,shall have a radius of curvature of not less than 3 ·2 mm and, in
addition, the width of the projecting parts shall not be less thanthe amount of their downward projection; alternatively, thesecomponents shall pass the energy-dissipation test in accordancewith the requirements of Annex III.
▼
B
5.3.5. If the items in question include a part made of material softer
than 50 shore A hardness mounted on a rigid support, theabove requirements shall apply only to the rigid support.
5.4. Roof
5.4.1. Scope
5.4.1.1. The requirements of point 5.4.2 below shall apply to the inner
face of the roof.
5.4.1.2. However, they shall not apply to such parts of the roof as
cannot be contacted by a sphere 165 mm in diameter.
5.4.2. Requirements
5.4.2.1. ►
M1That part of the inner face of the roof which is situated
above or forward of the occupants shall exhibit no dangerousroughness or sharp edges, directed rearwards or downwards.The width of the projecting parts shall not be less than theamount of their downward projection and the edges shall havea radius of curvature of not less than 5 mm. In particular, therigid roof sticks or ribs, with the exception of the header rail ofthe glazed surfaces and door frames, shall not project down-wards more than 19 mm. ◄
5.4.2.2. ►
M1If the roof sticks or ribs do not meet the requirements of
point 5.4.2.1, they must pass the energy-dissipation test inaccordance with the requirements of Annex III. ◄
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 8
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▼M1
5.4.2.3. The metal wires which stretch the lining of the roof and the
frames of the sun visors must have a maximum diameter of 5mm or be able to absorb the energy, as prescribed in Annex III.Nonrigid attachment elements of the frames of the sun visorsshall meet the requirements of point 5.3.4.1.
▼
B
5.5. ►M1 Vehicles with an opening roof ◄
5.5.1. Requirements
5.5.1.1. ►M1The following requirements and those of point 5.4
above shall apply to vehicles with an opening roof when theroof is in the closed position. ◄
5.5.1.2. In addition, the opening and operating devices shall:
be so designed and constructed as to exclude as far as possible
accidental operation;
5.5.1.2.2. ►
M1their surfaces shall terminate in rounded edges, the radii
of curvature being not less than 5 mm ◄;
5.5.1.2.3. be accommodated, when in the position of rest, in areas which
cannot be contacted by a sphere 165 mm in diameter. If thiscondition cannot be met, the opening and operating devicesshall, in the position of rest, either remain retracted or be sodesigned and constructed that, under the effect of a force of37·8 daN applied in the direction of impact defined in Annex
III as the tangent to the trajectory of the headform, either theprojection as described in Annex V shall be reduced to notmore than 25 mm beyond the surface on which the devices aremounted or the devices shall become detached; in the lattercase no dangerous projections shall remain.
5.6. ►
M1 Convertible vehicles ◄
5.6.1. ►M1In the case of convertible vehicles, only the underside
of the top of the roll-bar and the top of the windscreen frame inall its normal utilization positions shall comply with therequirements of point 5.4. The system of folding rods or linksused to support a non-rigid roof shall, where they are situatedabove or forward of the occupants, exhibit no dangerousroughness or sharp edges, directed rearwards or down-wards.◄
▼
M1
▼B
5.7. ►M1 Rear parts of seats anchored to the vehicle ◄
5.7.1. Requirements
5.7.1.1. The surface of the rear parts of seats shall exhibit no dangerous
roughness or sharp edges likely to increase the risk or severityof injury to the occupants.
5.7.1.2. Except as provided in points 5.7.1.2.1., 5.7.1.2.2, and 5.7.1.2.3,
that part of the back of the front seat which is in the head-impact zone, defined in Annex II, shall be energy-dissipating,as prescribed in Annex III. For determining the head-impactzone, the front seats shall, if they are adjustable, be in therearmost driving position with their backs inclined as near aspossible to 25 °unless indicated otherwise by the manufacturer.
5.7.1.2.1. In the case of separate front seats, the rear passengers’ head-
impact zone shall extend for 10 cm on either side of the seatcentre-line, in the top part of the rear of the seat-back.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 9
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5.7.1.2.1.bis(1) In the case of seats fitted with head-restraints each test shall be
carried out with the head-restraint in the lowest position and ata point situated on the vertical line passing through the centreof the head-restraint.
5.7.1.2.1.ter(
1) In the case of a seat which is designed to be fitted in several
types of vehicle, the impact zone shall be determined by thevehicle whose rearmost driving position is, of each of the typesconsidered, the least favourable; the resultant impact zone willbe deemed adequate for the other types.
5.7.1.2.2. In the case of front bench seats, the impact zone shall extend
between the longitudinal vertical planes 10 cm outboard of thecentre line of each designated outboard seating position. Thecentre line of each outboard seating position of a bench seatshall be specified by the manufacturer.
5.7.1.2.3. ►
M1In the head impact zone outside the limits prescribed in
points 5.7.1.2.1 to 5.7.1.2.2 inclusive, the seat frame structureshall be padded to avoid direct contact of the head with it: and,in these zones, shall have a radius of curvature of at least 5mm. These parts may alternatively satisfy the energy dissi-pating requirements specified in Annex III. ◄
5.7.2. ►
M1These requirements shall not apply to the rearmost
seats, to seats facing sideways or rearwards, to back-to-backseats or to folding (tip-up) seats. If the impact zones of theseats, head-restraints and their supports contain parts coveredwith material softer than 50 Shore A hardness, the aboverequirements, with the exception of those relating to energydissipation described in Annex III, shall apply only to the rigidparts.◄
▼
M1
5.8. Other non-specified fittings
▼B
►M15.8.1.◄The requirements of paragraph 5 shall apply to such fittings not
mentioned in previous paragraphs which, within the meaningof the various requirements in points 5.1 to 5.7 and accordingto their location in the vehicle, are capable of being contactedby the occupants. If such parts are made of a material softerthan 50 shore A hardness and mounted on (a) rigid support(s),the requirements in question shall apply only to the rigidsupport(s).
(6.)(7.)(8.)(9.)
(1) These points are not included in Regulation No 21.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 10
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ANNEX II
DETERMINATION OF THE HEAD-IMPACT ZONE
1. The head-impact zone shall comprise all the non-glazed surfaces of the
interior of a vehicle which are capable of entering into static contactwith a spherical head 165 mm in diameter which is an integral part of ameasuring apparatus whose dimensions from the pivotal point of the hipto the top of the head is continuously adjustable between 736 mm and840 mm.
2. The aforesaid zone must be determined by the following procedure or its
graphic equivalent:
2.1. The pivotal point of the measuring apparatus shall be placed as follows
for each seating position for which the manufacturer has made provi-sion:
2.1.1. in the case of sliding seats2.1.1.1. at the H point (see Annex IV) and2.1.1.2. at a point situated horizontally 127 mm forward of the H point and at a
height either resulting from the variation in the height of the H pointcaused by a forward shift of 127 mm or of 19 mm.
2.1.2. in the case of non-sliding seats, at the H point of the seat under
consideration.
2.2.►
M1All points of contact situated forward of the H point shall be
determined for each dimension from the pivotal point to the top of thehead capable of being measured by the measuring apparatus within theinterior dimensions of the vehicle.
In the case where the headform, with the arm set at minimum length,
overlaps the front seat, from the rear H point, no contact point isestablished for this particular operation. ◄
2.3.►
M1With the measuring apparatus vertical, possible points of contact
shall be determined by pivoting it forwards and downwards through allarcs of vertical planes as far as 90 °on either side of the longitudinal
vertical plane of the vehicle which passes through the H point. ◄
3. A ‘point of contact'shall be a point at which the head of the apparatus
contacts a part of the interior of the vehicle. The maximum downwardmovement shall be limited to a position where the head is tangential to ahorizontal plane situated 25 ·4 mm above the H point.
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 11
▼B
ANNEX III
PROCEDURE FOR TESTING ENERGY DISSIPATING MATERIALS
1. SETTING UP, TEST APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE1.1.Setting up
1.1.1. The energy-dissipating material shall be mounted and tested on the
structural supporting member on which it is to be installed on thevehicle. The test shall preferably be carried out, where possible, directlyon the body. The structural member, or the body, shall be firmlyattached to the test bench so that it does not move under impact.
1.1.2. However, at the manufacturer’s request, the item may be mounted on a
fitting simulating its installation on the vehicle, on condition that the‘component/fitting'assembly has the same geometrical arrangement anda degree of rigidity not lower and on energydissipating capacity nothigher than those of the real ‘component/structural supporting member'assembly.
1.2.Test apparatus
1.2.1. This apparatus shall consist of a pendulum whose pivot is supported by
ballbearings and whose reduced mass (
1) at its centre of percussion is
6·8 kg. The lower extremity of the pendulum shall consist of a rigid
headform 165 mm in diameter whose centre is identical with the centreof percussion of the pendulum.
1.2.2. The headform shall be fitted with 2 decelerometers and a speed meas-
uring device, all capable of measuring values in the direction of impact.
1.3.Recording instruments
The recording instruments used shall be such that measurements can be
made with the following degrees of accuracy:
1.3.1. Acceleration:
— accurac y=±5%o ft h er e alv al u e
— frequency response = up to 1 000 Hz— cross axis sensitivity = <5 % of the lowest point on the scale
1.3.2. Speed:
— accurac y=±2 ·5 % of the real value
— sensitivity = 0 ·5 km/h
▼
M1
(1.3.3.)
▼B
1.3.4. Time recording:
— the instrumentation shall enable the action to be recorded throughout
its duration and readings to be made to within one thousandth of asecond
— the beginning of the impact at the moment of first contact between
the headform and the test component shall be noted on the record-ings used for analysing the test.
1.4.Test procedure
1.4.1.►
M1At every point of impact on the surface to be tested, the direction
of impact shall be the tangent to the trajectory of the headform of themeasuring apparatus described in Annex II.
(1) Note: The relationship of the reduced mass ‘mr'of the pendulum to the total mass ‘m'
of the pendulum at a distance ‘a' between the centre of percussion and the axisof rotation and at a distance ‘l' between the centre of gravity and the axis ofrotation is given by the formula:
m
r=ml
a
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 12
▼B
For the testing of the parts as referred to in points 5.3.4.1 and 5.4.2.2 of
Annex I, proceed by lengthening the arm of the measuring apparatusuntil contact is made with the part to be considered, up to a limit of1 000 mm between the pivot point and top of the head of the apparatus.However, any roof sticks and ribs referred to in points 5.4.2.2 whichcannot be contacted remain subject to the requirements of point 5.4.2.1of Annex I with the exception of that relating to the height of projec-tion.◄
1.4.2. Where the angle between the direction of impact and the perpendicular
to the surface at the point of impact is 5 °or less, the test shall be carried
out in such a way that the tangent to the trajectory of the centre ofpercussion of the pendulum coincides with the direction defined in point1.4.1. The headform shall strike the test component at a speed of24·1 km/h; this speed shall be achieved either by the mere energy of
propulsion or by using an additional propelling device.
1.4.3. Where the angle between the direction of impact and the perpendicular
to the surface at the point of impact is more than 5 °, the test may be
carried out in such a way that the tangent to the trajectory of the centreof percussion of the pendulum coincides with the perpendicular to thepoint of impact. The test speed shall then be reduced to the value of thenormal component of the speed prescribed in point 1.4.2.
2. RESULTS
In tests carried out according to the above procedures, the deceleration
of the headform shall not exceed 80 g continuously for more than 3milliseconds. The deceleration rate taken shall be the average of thereadings of the two decelerometers.
3. EQUIVALENT PROCEDURES
3.1. Equivalent test procedures shall be permitted, on condition that the
results required in paragraph 2 above can be obtained.
3.2. Responsibility for demonstrating the equivalence of a method other than
that described in paragraph 1 shall rest with the person using such amethod.
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ANNEX IV
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PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE H POINT AND THE ACTUALSEAT-BACK ANGLE AND FOR VERIFYING THE RELATIVE POSI-TIONS OF THE R AND H POINTS AND THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN THE DESIGN SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE
1. DEFINITIONS1.1.H point
The ‘H point', which indicates the position of a seated accupant in the
passenger compartment, is the intersection, in a longitudinal verticalplane, of the theoretical axis of rotation between the thighs and torso of ahuman body represented by the manikin described in point 3.
1.2.R point or seating reference point
The ‘R point' or ‘seating reference point' is the reference point specified
by the vehicle manufacturer which:
1.2.1. has coordinates determined in relation to the vehicle structure;1.2.2. corresponds to the theoretical position of the point of torso/thighs rotation
(H point) for the lowest and most rearward normal driving position orposition of use given by the vehicle manufacturer for each seating positionspecified by him.
1.3.Seat-back angle
‘Seat-back angle'means the inclination of the seat-back in relation to the
vertical.
1.4.Actual seat-back angle
‘Actual seat-back angle' means the angle formed by the vertical through
the H point with the torso reference line of the human body represented bythe manikin described in point 3.
1.5.Design seat-back angle
‘Design seat-back angle'means the angle prescribed by the vehicle manu-
facturer which:
1.5.1. determines the seat-back angle for the lowest and most rearward normal
driving position or position of use given by the vehicle manufacturer foreach seating position specified by him;
1.5.2. is formed at the R point by the vertical and the torso reference line; and1.5.3. corresponds theoretically to the actual seat-back angle.
2. DETERMINATION OF H POINTS AND ACTUAL SEAT-BACK
ANGLES
2.1. An H point and an actual seat-back angle shall be determined for each
seating position specified by the vehicle manufacturer. If the seatingpositions in the same row can be regarded as similar (bench seat, identicalseats, etc.) only one H point and one actual seat-back angle shall bedetermined for each row of seats, the manikin described in point 3 beingseated in a place regarded as representative for the row. This place shallbe:
2.1.1. in the case of the front row, the driver’s seat;2.1.2. in the case of the rear row or rows, an outer seat;2.2. When an H point and an actual seat-back angle are being determined, the
seat considered shall be placed in the lowest and most rearward normaldriving position or position of use given for it by the vehicle manufac-turer. The seat-back shall, if its inclination is adjustable, be locked asspecified by the manufacturer, or in the absence of any such specification,in a position corresponding to an actual seat-back angle of as near aspossible to 25 °.
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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE MANIKIN
3.1. A three-dimensional manikin of a mass and contour corresponding to
those of an adult male of average height shall be used. Such a manikin isdepicted in Figures 1 and 2 of the Appendix to this Annex.
3.2. The manikin shall comprise:3.2.1. two components, one simulating the back and the other the seat of the
body, pivoting on an axis representing the axis of rotation between thetorso and the thigh. The intersection of this axis with the vertical mediumlongitudinal plane of the seating position determines the H point;
3.2.2. two components simulating the legs and pivotally attached to the compo-
nent simulating the seat; and
3.2.3. two components simulating the feet and connected to the legs by pivotal
joints simulating ankles.
3.2.4. In addition, the component simulating the seat of the body shall be
provided with a level enabling its transverse orientation to be verified.
3.3. Body-segment weights shall be attached at appropriate points corre-
sponding to the relevant centres of gravity, so as to bring the total mass ofthe manikin up to 75 k g±1% . Details of the mass of the various weights
are given in the table in Figure 2 of the Appendix to this Annex.
3.4. The torso reference line of the manikin is represented by a straight line
passing through the joint between the thigh and the torso and the theoret-ical joint between the neck and the thorax (see Figure 1 of the Appendixto this Annex).
4. SETTING UP THE MANIKIN
The three-dimensional manikin shall be set up in the following manner:
4.1. the vehicle shall be placed on a horizontal plane and the seats adjusted as
prescribed in point 2.2;
4.2. the seat to be tested shall be covered with a piece of cloth to facilitate the
correct setting-up of the manikin;
4.3. the manikin shall be placed on the seat concerned, its pivotal axis being
perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
4.4. the feet of the manikin shall be placed as follows;4.4.1. in the front seats, in such a way that the level verifying the transverse
orientation of the seat of the manikin is brought to the horizontal;
4.4.2. in the rear seats, as far as possible in such a way as to be in contact with
the front seats. If the feet then rest on parts of the floor which are atdifferent levels, the foot which first comes into contact with the front seatshall serve as a reference point and the other foot shall be so arranged thatthe level enabling the transverse orientation of the seat of the manikin tobe verified is brought to the horizontal;
4.4.3. if the H point is being determined at a centre seat, the feet shall be placed
one on each side of the tunnel;
4.5. the weights shall be placed on the legs, the level verifying the transverse
orientation of the seat of the manikin shall be brought to the horizontal,and the thigh weights shall be placed on the component representing theseat of the manikin;
4.6. the manikin shall be moved away from the seat-back by means of the
knee-pivot bar and the back of the manikin shall be pivoted forwards. Themanikin shall be repositioned on the seat of the vehicle by being slidbackwards on its seat until resistance is encountered, the back of themanikin then being replaced against the seat-back;
4.7. a horizontal load of 1 0±1d aNs h al lb ea pplied to the manikin twice. The
direction and point of application of the load are shown by a black arrowin Figure 2 of the Appendix;
4.8. the seat weights shall be installed on the right and left sides, and the torso
weights shall then be placed in position. The transverse level of themanikin shall be kept horizontal;
4.9. the transverse level of the manikin being kept horizontal, the back of the
manikin shall be pivoted forwards until the torso weights are above the Hpoint, so as to eliminate any friction with the seat-back;
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4.10. the back of the manikin shall be gently moved rearwards so as to complete
the setting-up operation. The transverse level of the manikin shall behorizontal. If it is not, the procedure described above shall be repeated.
5. RESULTS
5.1. When the manikin has been set up as described in point 4, the H point and
the actual seat-back angle of the vehicle seat considered are constituted bythe H point and the angle of inclination of the manikin’s torso referenceline.
5.2. The coordinates of the H point in relation to three mutually perpendicular
planes, and the actual seat-back angle, shall be measured for comparisonwith the data supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.
6. VERIFYING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE R AND H POINTS
AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DESIGN SEAT-BACKANGLE AND THE ACTUAL SEAT-BACK ANGLE
6.1. The results of the measurements carried out in accordance with point 5.2
for the H point and the actual seat-back angle shall be compared with thecoordinates of the R point and the design seat-back angle as given by thevehicle manufacturer.
6.2. The relative positions of the R point and the H point and the relationship
between the design seat-back angle and the actual seat-back angle shall beconsidered to be satisfactory for the seating position in question if the Hpoint, as defined by its coordinates, lies within a longitudinal rectanglewhose horizontal and vertical sides are 30 and 20 mm long respectivelyand whose diagonals intersect at the R point, and if the actual seat backangle is within 3 °of the design seat-back angle.
6.2.1. If these conditions are met, the R point and the design seat-back angle
shall be used for the test and, if necessary, the manikin shall be soadjusted that the H point coincides with the R point and the actualseat-back angle coincides with the design seat-back angle.
6.3. If the H point or the actual seat-back angle does not satisfy the require-
ments of point 6.2, the H point or the actual seat-back angle shall bedetermined twice more (three times in all). If the results of two of thesethree operations satisfy the requirements, the result of the test shall beconsidered to be satisfactory.
6.4. If at least two of the three test results do not satisfy the requirements of
point 6.2, the result of thest shall be considered to be not satisfactory.
6.5. If the situation described in point 6.4 arises, or if verification is not
possible because the vehicle manufacturer has failed to supply informationregarding the position of the R point or regarding the design seat-backangle, the average of the results of the three tests may be used and beregarded as applicable in all cases where the R point or the designseat-back angle is referred to in this Directive.
6.6. For verifying the relative positions of the R point and the H point and the
relationship between the design seat-back angle and the actual seat-backangle in a series-produced vehicle, the rectangle referred to in point 6.2shall be replaced by a square of 50 mm side and the actual seat-back angleshall not differ by more than 5 °from the design seat-back angle.
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Appendix

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ANNEX V
METHOD OF MEASURING PROJECTIONS
1.►M1To determine the amount by which an item projects in relation to
the panel on which it is mounted, a 165 mm sphere shall be movedalong and be kept in contact with the component under consideration,starting from the initial position of contact with the component underconsideration. The projection’s value is the largest of all possible vari-ations ‘y',the variation measured from the centre of the sphere perpen-dicular to the panel.
If the panels and components, etc., are covered with materials softer
than 50 Shore A hardness, the procedure for the measuring of projec-tions described above shall apply only after the removal of such mate-rials.◄
2. The projection of switches, pull-knobs, etc., situated in the reference
area shall be measured by using the test apparatus and proceduredescribed below:
2.1.Apparatus
2.1.1. The measuring apparatus for projections shall consist of a hemispherical
headform 165 mm in diameter, in which there is a sliding ram of 50 mmdiameter.
2.1.2. Relative positions of the flat end of the ram and the edge of the
headform shall be shown on a graduated scale, on which a mobile indexshall register the maximum measurement achieved when the apparatus ismoved away from the item tested. A minimum distance of 30 mm shallbe measurable; the measuring scale shall be graduated in half-milli-meters to make possible an indication of the extent of the projections inquestion.
2.1.3.Gauging procedure:
2.1.3.1. The apparatus shall be placed on a flat surface so that its axis is
perpendicular to that surface. When the flat end of the ram contacts thesurface, the scale shall be set at zero.
2.1.3.2. A 10 mm strut shall be inserted between the flat end of the ram and the
retaining surface; a check shall be made to ensure that the mobile indexrecords this measurement.
2.1.4. The apparatus for measuring projections is illustrated in figure 1.
2.2.Test procedure
2.2.1. A cavity shall be formed in the headform by pulling back the ram and
the mobile index shall be placed against the ram.
2.2.2. The apparatus shall be applied to the projection to be measured so that
the headform contacts the maximum surrounding surface area, with aforce not exceeding 2 daN.
2.2.3. The ram shall be pushed forward until it makes contact with the projec-
tion to be measured and the amount of the projection shall be observedon the scale.
2.2.4. The headform shall be adjusted to obtain maximum projection. The
amount of the projection shall be recorded.
2.2.5. If two or more controls are situated sufficiently close for the ram or the
headform to contact them simultaneously, they shall be treated asfollows:
2.2.5.1. Multiple controls, all of which can be contained in the headform cavity,
shall be regarded as forming a single projection.
2.2.5.2. If other controls prevent normal testing by contacting the headform, they
shall be removed and the test shall be conducted without them. Theymay subsequently be re-installed and tested in their turn with othercontrols that have been removed to facilitate the procedure.
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Appendix

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ANNEX VI
APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF ITEM 5.2.1
OF ANNEX I
Those parts (switches, pull-knobs etc.) which can be contacted by using the
apparatus and procedure described below shall be considered as being likely tobe contacted by the knees of an occupant:
1.Apparatus
Diagram of apparatus
2.Procedure
The apparatus may be placed in any position ►C2below the level of the
instrument panel ◄so that:
— the plane XX’ remains parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the
vehicle
— the axis X can be rotated above and below the horizontal through angles
up to 30 °.
3. In carrying out the above test, all materials of less than 50 shore A hardness
shall be removed.
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APPENDIX TO ANNEXES I, II, III, IVAND V I
NOTES
TO ANNEX I
DEFINITIONS, APPLICATIONS FOR EEC-TYPE APPROVAL AND
SPECIFICATIONS
To point 2.2:The reference zone is outlined without rear view mirror. The energy-dissipation
test is accomplished without the rear view mirror. The pendulum shall not impactthe mirror mounting.
To points 2.3 and 2.3.1:The exemption defined by these points behind the steering wheel is also valid for
the head impact area of the front passenger(s).
In the case of adjustable steering wheels the zone finally exempted is reduced to
the common area of the exempted zones for each of the driving positions whichthe steering wheel may assume.
In the case where it is possible to choose between various steering wheels the
exempted zone is determined by the use of the least favourable steering wheelhaving the smallest diameter.
To point 2.4:The level of the instrument panel extends over the entire width of the passenger
compartment and is defined by the rearmost points of contact of a vertical linewith the surface of the instrument panel when the line is moved across the widthof the vehicle. Where two or more points of contact occur simultaneously thenthe lower point of contact shall be used to establish the level of the instrumentpanel. In the case of consoles, if it is not possible to determine the level of theinstrument panel by reference to the points of contact of a vertical line then thelevel of the instrument panel shall be where a horizontal line 25 ·4 mm above the
H point of the front seats intersects the console.
To point 2.5:At the vehicle sides the roof shall commence at the upper edge of the door
aperture. In the normal case the lateral roof limits will be represented by thecontours formed by the bottom edge (lateral view) of the remaining body whenthe door has been opened. In the case of windows the lateral limitation of theroof will be the continuous transparent line (penetration point of the lateralwindow panes). At the posts the lateral roof limitation will pass through theconnecting line between the transparent lines. The definition of point 2.5 is alsovalid for any opening for the roof, in the closed position, of a vehicle as definedin point 2.7 or 2.8.
For measuring purposes downward facing flanges shall be ignored. These will be
considered as forming part of the vehicle sidewall.
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(in mm)
Flat elementsRounded elementsGap between elements
e/min. radius min.(min. radius)
To point 2.7:
A non-removable rear window is understood to be a rigid structural element.Cars with non-removable rear windows of rigid material are considered to be
cars with opening roofs as defined under point 2.8.
To point 5.1.1:A sharp edge is an edge of a rigid material having a radius of curvature of less
than 2 ·5 mm except in the case of projections of less than 3 ·2 mm, measured
from the panel. In this case the minimum radius of curvature shall not applyprovided the height of the projection is not more than half its width and its edgesare blunted.
Grills are considered to comply with the regulations if they meet the minimum
requirements of the following table:
0t o1 0 1·5 0·25 0 ·50
10 to 15 2·0 0·33 0 ·75
15 to 20 3·0 0·50 1·25
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To point 5.1.2:
During the test it is determined whether parts within the impact zone used for
reinforcement may be displaced or protrude so as to increase the hazards topassengers or the severity of injuries.
To point 5.1.3:These two concepts (level and lower edge of the instrument panel) may be
distinct. However, this paragraph is included in point 5.1 (… above the level ofthe instrument panel…) and, therefore, is applicable only where these twoconcepts are combined. In the case where the two concepts are not combined, i.e.where the bottom edge of the instrument panel is located below the level of theinstrument panel, it will be considered under point 5.3.2.1 by reference to point5.8.
To point 5.1.4:If a pull handle or knob has a width dimension equal to or more than 50 mm and
is located in a zone such that if it were less than 50 mm in width the maximumprojection would be determined using the headform measuring apparatus withpoint 2 of Annex V, the maximum projection shall be determined in accordancewith point 1 of Annex V, i.e. by using a 165 mm diameter sphere and deter-mining the maximum variation in height of the ‘y' axis.
The cross-sectional area shall be measured in a plane parallel to the surface on
which the component is mounted.
To point 5.1.5:Points 5.1.4 and 5.1.5 complement each other; the first sentence of point 5.1.5
(i.e. aforce of 37 ·8 daN for retraction or detachment) is applied and then point
5.1.4 in case of retraction up to a protrusion between 3 ·2 and 9 ·5 mm or, in the
case of detachment, the two last sentences of point 5.1.5 (the cross-section area ismeasured before the force is applied). However, if, under practical circumstancespoint 5.1.4 must be applied (retraction to under 9 ·5 mm and over 3 ·2 mm), it
could be more convenient, at the manufacturer’s discretion, to verify the specifi-cations of point 5.1.4 before applying the force of 37 ·8 daN specified in point
5.1.5.
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To point 5.1.6:
Since in the presence of soft materials, the requirements apply only to the rigid
support, the projection is measured for the rigid support only.
The Shore hardness measurement is made on samples of the test subject itself.
Where, due to the condition of the material it is impossible to carry out ahardness measurement by the Shore A procedure, comparable measurementsshall be used for evaluation.
To point 5.2.1:Foot pedals, their arms and immediate pivotal mechanism but not the
surrounding support metal shall be excluded from consideration.
To point 5.2.2:The criterion to determine whether the parking brake control can be contacted is
the use of:
— the simulated head specified in Annex II, if the control is located above or on
the level of the instrument panel (to be tested in accordance with point 5.1and within the impact zone);
— the knee specified in Annex VI if the control element is located below the
level of the instrument panel (in this case the control lever is tested inaccordance with point 5.3.2.3).
To point 5.2.3:The technical specifications listed in point 5.2.3 apply also to shelves and those
parts of consoles below the level of the instrument panel located between thefront seats, provided that these are located in front of the H point. If a cavity isclosed it will be treated as a glove compartment and not be subject to thesespecifications.
To point 5.2.3.1:The dimensions specified refer to the surface before the addition of material of
less than 50 Shore A hardness (see point 5.2.4). Energy-dissipating tests shall beconducted in the spirit of Annex III.
To point 5.2.3.2:If a shelf becomes detached or breaks up no dangerous features must result; this
applies not only to the rim but also to other edges facing into the passengercompartment as a result of the applied force.
The strongest part of the shelf shall be considered to be adjacent to a fixture.
Also, ‘substantially distorted' shall mean that, under the effect of the appliedforce, the deflection of the shelf, measured from the initial point of contact withthe test cylinder, must be a fold or a deformation visible to the naked eye. Elasticdeformation shall be admissible.
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The length of the test cylinder shall be at least 50 mm.
To point 5.3:‘Other parts'shall include such parts as window catches, seat belt upper ancho-
rages and other parts located in the foot space and at the door side, unless theseparts have been treated previously or are exempted in the text.
To point 5.3.2:That space between the forward bulkhead and the instrument panel which is
located higher than the bottom edge of the instrument panel is not subject to thespecifications of point 5.3.
To point 5.3.2.1:The 3 ·2 mm radius applies to all contactable components covered by point 5.3
when considered in all positions of use.
As exceptions glove compartments shall be considered only in the closed posi-
tion, seat belts will normally be considered only in the fastened position but anypart which has a fixed stowage position shall also comply with the 3 ·2m m
radius requirement in that stowed position.
To point 5.3.2.2:The reference surface is found by application of the device described in point 2
of Annex V with aforce of 2 da N. Where this is not possible the methoddescribed in point 1 of Annex V shall be used with a force of 2 daN.
The evaluation of dangerous projections is subject to the discretion of the
authority responsible for the tests.
The force of 37 ·8 daN is applied even if the original projection is less than 35 or
25 mm, as applicable. The projection is measured under the applied load.
The horizontal, longitudinal force of 37 ·8 daN is normally applied by means of a
flat-ended ram of not more than 50 mm diameter, but where this is not possiblean equivalent method may be used; for instance, by removing obstacles.
To point 5.3.2.3:The furthest projecting part in the case of a gear lever is that part of the grip or
knob first contacted by a vertical transverse plane moved in a longitudinal,horizontal direction. If any part of a gear lever or handbrake lies above the Hpoint level that lever will have to be considered as if the whole of it were abovethe H point level.
To point 5.3.4:Where the horizontal plane(s) passing through the H point of the lowest front and
rear seats do not coincide, then a vertical plane perpendicular to the vehicle’slongitudinal axis shall be determined, passing through the front seat H point. Theexempted zone will then be considered separately for both the front and rearpassenger compartments, relative to their respective H point and up to thevertical plane defined above.
To point 5.3.4.1:Movable sun visors shall be considered in all positions of use. The frames of sun
visors shall not be regarded as rigid supports (see point 5.3.5).
To point 5.4:When the roof is tested to measure those protrusions and parts which can be
contacted by a ball having a diameter of 165 mm, the roof lining must beremoved. When evaluating the specified radii the proportions and propertiesattributable to the materials of the roof lining shall be taken into consideration.The roof testing area shall extend in front of and above the transverse planelimited by the torso reference line of the manikin placed on the rearmost seat.
To point 5.4.2.1 (see point 5.1.1 for definition of ‘sharp edges'):The downward projection shall be measured normal to the roof in accordance
with point 1 of Annex V.
The width of the projecting part shall be measured at right angles to the line of
the projection. In particular the rigid roof sticks or ribs shall not project awayfrom the inner surface of the roof more than 19 mm.
To point 5.5:Any roof ribs on opening roofs must meet point 5.4 if they are contactable by a
165 mm diameter sphere;
1974L0060 — EN — 26.05.1978 — 001.001 — 26
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To points 5.5.1.2, 5.5.1.2.1 and 5.5.1.2.2:
The opening and operating devices when in a position of rest and with the roof
closed must meet all of the specified conditions.
To point 5.5.1.2.3:The force of 37 ·8 daN is applied even if the original projection is 25 mm or less.
The projection is measured under the applied load.
The force of 37 ·8 daN applied in the direction of impact defined in Annex III as
the tangent to the trajectory of the headform is normally applied by means of aflat-ended ram of not more than 50 mm diameter, but where this is not possiblean equivalent method may be used; for instance, by removing obstacles.
The ‘position of rest'means the position of the operating device when it is in the
locked position.
To point 5.6:The rod system of convertible tops does not represent aroll-over ba r.To point 5.6.1:The top part of the windscreen frame starts above the transparent contour of the
windscreen.
To point 5.7.1.1:See point 5.1.1 for definition of sharp edge.To point 5.7.1.2:In defining the head impact zone of the back of the front seats any structure
necessary to support the seat back shall be considered as a component of this seatback.
To point 5.7.1.2.3:The padding of the seat frame structure shall also avoid dangerous roughness and
sharp edges likely to increase the risk of serious injuries to the occupants.
TO ANNEX II
DETERMINATION OF THE HEAD-IMPACT ZONE
To point 2.1.1.2:The choice between the two procedures for determining height is to be left to the
manufacturer.
To point 2.2:When determining points of contact, the length of the arm of the measuring
apparatus is not changed during a particular operation. Each operation starts fromthe vertical position.
To point 3:The 25 ·4 mm dimension means the measurement from a horizontal plane passing
through the H point to the horizontal tangent to the lower profile of the head-form.
TO ANNEX III
PROCEDURE FOR TESTING ENERGY-DISSIPATING MATERIALS
To point 1.4:For breakage of any component during the energy-dissipation test, see the note
on point 5.1.2 in Annex I.
TO ANNEX IV
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE H POINT AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND FOR VERIFYING THE RELATIVE POSI-TIONS OF THE R AND H POINTS AND THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN THE DESIGN SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE
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To point 4:
For determining the H point of any seat, other seats may be removed if neces-
sary.
TO ANNEX VI
APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF POINT 5.2.1
OF ANNEX I
First sentence:Foot-operated controls are treated as foot pedals.