1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B DIRECTIVE95/28/ECOFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCIL
of24October1995
relating to the burning behaviour of materials used in the interior construction of certain cate-
goriesofmotorvehicle
(OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►A1Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the
Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia,
the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of
Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the SlovakRepublic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the EuropeanUnion is foundedL 236 33 23.9.2003
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DIRECTIVE 95/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
ANDOFTHECOUNCIL
of24October 1995
relating to the burning behaviour of materials used in the interior
constructionofcertain categories ofmotorvehicle
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and
in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee (2),
Acting in accordance withth e procedure laid down in Article 189b of
the Treaty (3),
Whereas the internal market comprises an area without internal fron-
tiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services andcapital is ensured; whereas it is important to adopt measures to that
end;
Whereas the technical requirements which certain vehicle categories
must satisfy pursuant to national law relate, inter alia , to the burning
behaviour of materials used in the interior construction of certain cate-gories of motor vehicle;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another;
Whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the
same requirements either in addition to or in place of their existing
rules in order, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval procedurewhich was the subject of Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating tothe type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (
4), to be further
implemented;
Whereas this Directive will be one of the separate Directives of the
EEC type-approval procedure which has been established by Directive
70/156/EEC; whereas, consequently, the provisions laid down in Direc-
tive 70/156/EEC relating to vehicle systems, components and separatetechnical units shall apply for the purposes of this Directive;
Whereas it is appropriate to refer to Council Directive 77/649/EEC (
5),
which contains the procedure for determining the position of theseating reference point (the ‘R-point’);
Whereas, with a view to ensuring occupant and road safety, it is impor-
tant that the materials used in the construction of the inside of bus andcoachbodywork satisfy minimum requirements in order to avoid or atleast retard development of flames suchth at it allows occupants to
evacuate the vehicle in the event of fire;
Whereas it is desirable to introduce alternative routes for the type-
approval of vehicles as systems pursuant to this Directive, i. e. either
on the basis of tests of the burning behaviour of the interior materials
used in motor vehicles or on the basis of an EEC component type-approval for eachmaterial and/or equipment suchas seats, curtains,1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 154, 19. 6. 1992, p. 4.
(2) OJ No C 332, 16. 12. 1992, p. 12.
(3) Opinion of the European Parliament of 29 October 1992 (OJ No C 305, 23.
11. 1992, p. 109), Council common position of 8 December 1994 (OJ No C
384, 31. 12. 1994, p. 1) and Decision of the European Parliament of 15 June1995 (OJ No C 166, 3. 7. 1995).
(
4) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Commission
Directive 93/81/EEC (OJ No L 264, 23. 10. 1993, p. 49).
(5) OJ No L 267, 19. 10. 1977, p. 1. Directive last amended by Commission
Directive 90/630/EEC (OJ No L 341, 6. 12. 1990, p. 20).
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etc. to be fitted in the interior construction of these vehicles whereby
the correct installation of such approved materials and/or equipmenthas to be checked,
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive:
— ‘vehicle’: means any vehicle as defined in Article 2 of Directive 70/
156/EEC,
— ‘component’: means a device as defined in Article 2 of Directive
70/156/EEC.
Article 2
Member States may not refuse:
— EEC type-approval or national type-approval for a vehicle or refuse
or prohibit the sale, registration, entry into service or use of a
vehicle on grounds relating to the burning behaviour of materials
used in the interior construction of its bodywork,
— EEC type-approval or national type-approval for a component used
in the interior construction of the vehicle bodywork or prohibit itssale or use on grounds relating to the burning behaviour of thematerials used in its construction,
if the relevant requirements set out in Annexes I, IV, V and VI to this
Directive are satisfied.
Article 3
1. Member States shall adopt and publish the laws, regulations are
administrative provisions necessary to comply withth is Directivewithin 18 months of the date of its adoption. They shall forthwith
inform the Commission thereof.
From the abovementioned date, Member States may no longer prohibit
the initial entry into service of vehicles or the sale or use of compo-nents complying withth is Directive.
They shall apply these provisions 48 months following the date of
adoption of this Directive.
2. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a
reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference
on the occasion of their official publication. The method of making
suchreference sh all be laid down by Member States.
Article 4
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 3
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LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex I: Scope, definitions, application for EEC type-approval, granting of EEC type-
approval, specifications, modifications of the type, conformity of production,
requirements concerning installation in the vehicle ...........................
Appendix: Model for the EEC component type-approval mark .................
Annex II: Information documents ..................................................
Appendix 1: Information document (vehicle) ................................
Appendix 2: Information document (component) ............................
Annex III: EEC-type-approval certificates ...........................................
Appendix 1: Type-approval certificate (vehicle) . ............................
Appendix 2: Type-approval certificate (component) ..........................
Annex IV: Test to determine the horizontal burning rate of materials .....................
Annex V: Test to determine the melting behaviour of materials ... ......................
Annex VI: Test to determine the vertical burning rate of materials . ......................1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 4
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ANNEX I
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOREEC TYPE-APPR OVAL,
GRANTING OF EEC-TYPE-APPROVAL, SPECIFICATIONS, MODIFI-
CATIONS OF THE TYPE, CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION,
REQUIREMENTSCONCERNINGINSTALLATIONINTHEVEHICLE
1.Scope
This Directive applies to the burning behaviour (ignitability, burning
rate and melting behaviour) of interior materials used in vehicles of
category M3carrying more than 22 passengers, not being designed for
standing passengers and urban use (city buses).
Member States which, prior to the date mentioned in Article 3 (1), third
subparagraph of the Directive, had legislation applying to vehicle cate-
gories other than that mentioned above may continue to apply that
legislation provided that they accept type-approval for other vehicle
categories which comply with the provisions of this Directive.
2.Definitions
For the purpose of this Directive:
2.1. ‘Approval of a vehicle’ means the approval of a vehicle type such as
defined in point 2.2 with regard to the burning behaviour of the interior
components used in the passenger compartment.
2.2. ‘Vehicle type’ means vehicles which do not differ in such essential
respects as:
2.2.1. The devices such as materials, seats, curtains, separation walls, etc.
used in the passenger compartment.
2.2.2. The mass of the devices used, in so far as they have an effect on the
performance prescribed in this Directive.
2.2.3. The optional arrangements or fittings in so far as they have no detri-
mental effect on the performance prescribed in this Directive.
2.3. ‘Approval of a component’ means an approval for devices, suchas
materials, seats, curtains, separation walls, etc.
2.4. ‘Type of a component’ means components which do not differ in such
essential respects as:
2.4.1. the base material(s) (e. g. wool, plastic, rubber, blended materials).
2.4.2. the intended use (seat upholstery, roof lining, etc.).
2.4.3. the manufacturer's type designation.
2.4.4. the number of layers in the case of composite materials.2.4.5. other characteristics in so far as they have an appreciable effect on the
performance prescribed in this Directive.
2.5. ‘Passenger compartment’ means the space for occupant accommodation
(including bar, kitchen, toilet, etc.), bounded by:
— the roof,
— the floor,— the side walls,— the doors,— the outside glazing,— the rear compartment bulkhead, or the plane of the rear seat back
support,
— at the driver's side of the longitudinal vertical median plane of the
vehicle, the vertical transversal plane through the driver's R-point as
defined in Annex III to Directive 77/649/EEC,
— at the opposite side of the longitudinal vertical median plane of the
vehicle, the front bulkhead.
2.6. ‘Seat’ means a structure which may or may not be integral with the
vehicle structure, complete with trim, intended to seat one adult person.
The term covers both an individual seat or part of a bench seat intended
to seat one adult person.
2.7. ‘Group of seats’ means either a bench-type seat, or seats which are
separate but side by side (i. e. with the foremost anchorages of one1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 5
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seat in line with or forward of the rearmost anchorages and in line with
or behind the foremost anchorages of another seat) and which accom-
modate one or more seated adult persons.
2.8. ‘Benchseat’ means a structure complete withtrim, intended to seat
more than one adult person.
2.9. ‘Burning rate’ means the quotient of the burnt distance measured
according to Annex IV and/or VI to this Directive and the time taken
to burn this distance. It is expressed in millimetres per minute.
2.10. ‘Composite material’ means a material composed of several layers of
similar or different materials intimately held together at their surfaces
by cementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc.
When different materials are connected together intermittently (for
example, by sewing, high-frequency welting, riveting), such materials
shall not be considered as composite materials.
2.11. ‘Exposed face’ means the side of a material which is facing towards the
passenger compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle.
2.12. ‘Upholstery’ means the combination of interior padding and surface
finish material which together constitute the cushioning of the seat
frame.
2.13. ‘Interior lining(s)’ means material(s) that (together) constitute(s) the
surface finishand substrate of a roof, wall or floor.
3.ApplicationforEECvehicletype-approval
3.1. The application for EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 3 (4) of
Directive 70/156/EEC of a vehicle type with regard to the burning
behaviour of the materials used in the passenger compartment shall be
submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.
3.2. A model of the information document is given in Annex II, Appendix
1.
3.3. The following must be submitted to the technical service responsible
for conducting the type-approval tests:
3.3.1. in the case of interior components without EEC type-approval: samples,
the number of which is specified in items 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4 below, of the
components used in the vehicles, which are representative of the type to
be approved;
3.3.2. in the case of interior components already type-approved: the type
approvals are to be enclosed in the application for the vehicle type-
approval;
3.3.3. a vehicle representative of the type to be approved.
4.ApplicationforEECcomponenttype-approval
4.1. The application of EEC component type-approval pursuant to Article 3
(4) of Directive 70/156/EEC for a type of interior material withregard
to its burning behaviour shall be submitted by the manufacturer.
4.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex II, Appendix
2.
4.3. The following must be submitted to the technical service responsible
for conducting the type-approval tests:
4.3.1. samples, the number of which is specified in items 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4
below. The samples shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the
applicant's trade name or mark and the type designation;
4.3.2. for devices suchas seats, curtains, separation walls, etc., th e samples
specified in 4.3.1 plus one complete device as mentioned above.
5.GrantingofEECtype-approval
5.1. If the relevant requirements are satisfied, EEC type-approval pursuant
to Article 4 (3) and, if applicable, 4 (4), of Directive 70/156/EEC shall
be granted.
5.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificate is given in:5.2.1. Annex III, Appendix 1 for applications referred to in 3.1.5.2.2. Annex III, Appendix 2 for applications referred to in 4.1.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 6
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5.3. An approval number in accordance withAnnex VII to Directive 70/156/
EEC shall be assigned to each type of vehicle and to each type of
component approved. The same Member State shall not assign the
same number to another type of vehicle or to another type of compo-
nent.
6.Marking
6.1. Every component conforming to a type approved under this Directive
shall bear an EEC type-approval mark. This mark shall consist of:
6.1.1. a rectangle surrounding the lower case letter ‘e’ followed by the distin-
guishing number or letters of the Member State which has granted
component type-approval:
1 for Germany
2 for France
3 for Italy
4 for Netherlands
5 for Sweden
6 for Belgium
7 for Hungary
8 for the Czech Republic
9 for Spain
11 for the United Kingdom
12 for Austria
13 for Luxembourg17 for Finland
18 for Denmark
20 for Poland21 for Portugal
23 for Greece
26 for Slovenia
27 for Slovakia
29 for Estonia
32 for Latvia
36 for Lithuania
CY for Cyprus
IRL for IrelandMT for Malta;
6.1.2. in the vicinity of the rectangle:
6.1.2.1. the base approval number contained in Section 4 of the type-approval
number referred to in Annex VII to Directive 70/156/EEC preceded by
the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the most
recent major technical amendment to Directive …/…/EEC on the date
EEC component type-approval was granted. In this Directive the
sequence number is 00 (unamended form of the Directive);
6.1.2.2. symbols indicating the direction for which the burning rate has been
determined:
—
for the horizontal direction (Annex IV),
—
for the vertical direction (Annex VI),1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 7
▼A1
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▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
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—
 for the horizontal and vertical direction (Annexes IV and VI);
6.1.2.3. the symbol
 indicating that the component has been approved
according to its melting behaviour (Annex V) and /or the symbol
indicating that the component has been approved as a complete device,suchas seats, separation walls, luggage racks, etc.
6.2. Where the seat has been approved as a component or where the cushion
and the back of a seat or bench seat are covered with the same material,
it is sufficient if the mark appears only once per seat or bench seat.
6.3. The mark must be affixed to the material in such a way as to be clearly
legible and indelible even if the material is installed in a vehicle.
6.4. A model for the EEC component type-approval mark is shown in the
Appendix of this Annex.
7.Specifications
7.1. The interior materials of the passenger compartment used in the vehicle
to be type-approved shall undergo one or more of the tests mentioned in
Annexes IV, V and VI.
7.2. From the following material(s) five samples in the case of an isotropic
material or 10 samples in the case of a non-isotropic material (five for
each direction), shall undergo the test described in Annex IV to this
Directive:
— material(s) used for the upholstery of any seat and its accessories
(including the driver's seat),
— material(s) used for the interior lining of the roof,— material(s) used for the interior lining of the side and rear walls,
including separation walls,
— material(s) withth ermal and/or acoustic function,— material(s) used for the interior lining of the floor,— material(s) used for the interior lining of luggage-racks, heating and
ventilation pipes,
— material(s) used for the light fittings.
Furthermore, one sample shall be submitted to the technical service for
future reference purposes.
7.2.1. The result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst
test results into account, the horizontal burning rate is not more than
100 mm/minute or if the flame extinguishes before reaching the last
measuring point.
7.3. From the following material(s) four samples, for both faces (if they are
not identical), shall undergo the test described in Annex V:
— material(s) used for the interior lining of the roof,
— material(s) used for the interior lining of the luggage-racks, heating
and ventilation pipes situated in the roof,
— material(s) used for the lights situated in the luggage-racks and/or
roof.
Furthermore, one sample shall be submitted to the technical services for
future reference purposes.
7.3.1. The result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst
test results into account, no drop is formed which ignites the cotton
wool.
7.4. Three samples in the case of an isotropic material, or six samples in the
case of a non-isotropic material, of the material(s) used for the curtains
and blinds (and/or other hanging materials) shall undergo the test
described in Annex VI.
Furthermore, one sample shall be submitted to the technical service for
future reference purposes.
7.4.1. The result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst
test results into account, the vertical burning rate is not more than
100 mm/minute.
7.5. Materials which are not required to undergo the tests described in
Annexes IV to VI are:
7.5.1. parts made of metal or glass;1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 8
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7.5.2. eachindividual seat accessory witha mass of non-metallic material less
than 200 g. If the total mass of these accessories exceeds 400 g of non-
metallic material per seat, then each material must be tested;
7.5.3. elements of which the surface area or the volume does not exceed
respectively:
7.5.3.1. 100 cm2or 40 cm3for the elements which are connected to an indivi-
dual seating place;
7.5.3.2. 300 cm2or 120 cm3per seat row and, at a maximum, per linear metre
of the interior of the passenger compartment for these elements which
are distributed in the vehicle and which are not connected to an indivi-
dual seating place;
7.5.4. electric cables;7.5.5. elements for which it is not possible to extract a sample in the
prescribed dimensions as specified in paragraph3.1 of Annex IV, para-
graph3 of Annex V and paragraph3.1 of Annex VI.
8.Modification of the vehicle and material type and amendments to
theseapprovals
8.1. In the case of modifications of the type approved pursuant to this Direc-
tive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall apply.
9.Conformityofproduction
9.1. Measures to ensure the conformity of production shall be taken in
accordance withth e provisions laid down in Article 10 of Directive
70/156/EEC.
10.Requirementsconcerninginstallationofmaterialsandequipmentin
thevehicleand/orinthedevicesapprovedascomponents
10.1. The materials and/or equipment used in the passenger compartment
and/or in devices approved as components shall be so installed as to
minimize the risk of flame development and flame propagation.
10.2. Suchinterior materials and/or equipment sh all only be installed in
accordance with their intended purposes and the test(s) which they
have undergone (see 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4), especially in relation to their
burning and melting behaviour (horizontal/vertical direction).
10.3. Any adhesive agent used to affix the interior material to its supporting
structure shall not, as far as possible, exacerbate the burning behaviour
of the material.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 9
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Appendix
ModelfortheEECcomponenttype-approvalmark
The above component type-approval mark shows that the interior material in
question has been approved in Germany (e1) pursuant to this Directive (00)
under the approval number 2439. The first two digits indicate that this compo-
nent was approved according to the original form of this Directive. The
additional symbol
 indicates that this type of material has been approved
according to its horizontal and vertical burning rate.
The symbols
 and/or
 indicate an approval according to Annex V and/or
an approval as a complete device suchas seats, separation walls, etc. Th e addi-
tional symbols are only used if applicable.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 10
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ANNEX II
INFORMATIONDOCUMENTS
Appendix 1
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1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 13
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Appendix 2
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1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 15
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ANNEX III
EECTYPE-APPROVALCERTIFICATES
Appendix 1
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Addendum
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Appendix 2
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Addendum
1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 19
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ANNEX IV
TEST TO DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL BURNING RATE OF
MATERIALS
1.Principle
A sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and is exposed to the
action of a defined low-energy flame for 15 seconds in a combustion
chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample. The test deter-
mines if and when the flame extinguishes or the time in which the flame
passes a measured distance.
2.Apparatus
2.1. Combustion chamber (figure 1), preferably of stainless steel and having
the dimensions given in figure 2. The front of the chamber contains a
flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the front and
which can be constructed as an access panel.
The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all
around. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high.
The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the
sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is
provided for the gas line. Melted material is caught in a pan (see figure
3) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent holes
without covering any vent hole area.
Figure 1
Exampleofcombustionchamberwithsampleholderanddriptray1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 20
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Figure 2
Exampleofcombustionchamber
(Dimensions in millimetres)
Figure 3
Typicaldrippan
(Dimensions in millimetres)
2.2. Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of
corrosion-proof material. Dimensions are given in figure 4.
The lower plate is equipped with pins, the upper one with corresponding
holes in order to ensure a consistent holding of the sample. The pins also
serve as the measuring points at the beginning and end of the burning
distance.
A support shall be provided in the form of 0,25 mm diameter heat resis-
tant wires spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-
shaped frame (see figure 5).
The plane of the lower side of samples shall be 178 mm above the floor
plate. The distance of the front edge of the sample holder from the end of
the chamber shall be 22 mm; the distance of the longitudinal sides of the
sample holder from the sides of the chamber shall be 50 mm (all inside
dimensions). (See figures 1 and 2).1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 21
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Figure 4
Exampleofsampleholder
(Dimensions in millimetres)
Figure 5
ExampleofsectionoflowerU-framedesignforwiresupportfacility
(Dimensions in millimetres)
2.3. Gas burner. The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner
having an inside diameter of 9,5 ± 0,5 mm. It is located in the test
cabinet so that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the centre of the
bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see figure 2).1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 22
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2.4. Test gas. The gas supplied to the burner shall have a calorific value near
38 MJ/m3(for example natural gas).
2.5. Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven to eight smooth
rounded teethper 25 mm.
2.6. Stop-watch, accurate to 0,5 seconds.2.7. Fume cupboard. The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume
cupboard assembly provided that the internal volume is at least 20 times,
but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of the combustion
chamber and provided that no single height, width, or length dimension
of the fume cupboard is greater than 2 ½ times either of the other two
dimensions.
Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume cupboard
shall be measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final position where
the combustion chamber will be located. It shall be between 0,10 and
0,30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort, by combustion products,
to the operator. It is possible to use a fume cupboard with a natural venti-
lation and an appropriate air velocity.
3.Samples
3.1.Shape and dimensions
3.1.1. The shape and dimensions of samples are given in figure 6. The thickness
of the sample corresponds to the thickness of the product to be tested. Itshall not be more than 13 mm. When taking the sample permits, the
sample shall have a constant section over its entire length.
Figure 6
Sample
(Dimensions in millimetres)
3.1.2. If the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample
of the given size, the following minimum dimensions shall be main-
tained:
(a) for samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length shall be
356 mm. In this case the material is tested in the product's width;
(b) for samples having a width of 60 to 100 mm, the length shall be at
least 138 mm. In this case the potential burning distance correspondsto the length of the sample, the measurement starting at the first
measuring point.
3.2.Sampling
The samples shall be taken from the material under test. In materials
having different burning rates in different material directions, each direc-
tion has to be tested. The samples are to be taken and placed in the test
apparatus so that the highest burning rate will be measured.
When the material is supplied in widths, a length of at least 500 mm shall
be cut covering the entire width. From this the samples shall be taken so
as to be at least 100 mm from the material edge and equidistant from
eachoth er.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 23
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Samples shall be taken in the same way from finished products, when the
shape of the product permits. When the thickness of the product is more
than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical process
applied to the side which does not face the occupant compartment. If it
is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the Tech-
nical Service, on the initial width of the material which shall be
mentioned in the test report.
Composite materials (see point 2.10 of Annex I) shall be tested as if they
were of uniform construction.
In the case of materials made of superimposed layers of different compo-
sition which are not composite materials, all the layers of material
included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the
passenger compartment shall be tested individually.
3.3.Conditioning
The samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours but not more than
7 days at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 %
and shall be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to
testing.
4.Procedure
4.1. Place samples withnapped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface and comb
twice against the nap using the comb ( 2.5).
4.2. Place the sample in the sample holder (2.2) so that the exposed side will
be downwards to the flame.
4.3. Adjust the gas flame to a height of 38 mm using the mark in the
chamber, the air intake of the burner being closed. Before starting the
first test, the flame shall burn at least for 1 min for stabilization.
4.4. Push the sample-holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of
the sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the gas
flow.
4.5. The measurement of the burning time starts at the moment when the foot
of the flame passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame propaga-
tion on the side burning faster than the other (upper or lower side).
4.6. Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come to
the last measuring point or when the flame extinguishes before coming to
the last measuring point. If the flame does not reach the last measuring
point, measure the burnt distance up to the point where the flame extin-
guished. Burnt distance is the decomposed part of the sample, which is
destroyed on its surface or in the interior by burning.
4.7. In so far as the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after
the burner has been extinguished, or when the flame extinguishes before
reaching the first measuring point, so that no burning time is measured
note in the test report that the burning rate is 0 mm/min.
4.8. When running a series of tests or repeat tests, ensure that the combustion
chamber and sample holder have a maximum temperature of 30 ºC before
starting the next test.
5.Calculation
The burning rate, B (1), in millimetres per minute, is given by the formula
B¼s
t/C260
where:
s is the burnt distance, in millimetres;
t is the time, in seconds, to burn distance s.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 24
(1) The burning rate (B) for each sample is only calculated in the case where the flame
reaches the last measuring point or the end of the sample.
▼B
ANNEX V
TESTTODETERMINETHEMELTINGBEHAVIOUROFMATERIALS1.Principle
A sample is placed in a horizontal position and is exposed to an electric
radiator. A receptacle is positioned under the specimen to collect the
resultant drops.
Some cotton wool is put in this receptacle in order to verify if any drop is
flaming.
2.Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of (figure 1):
(a) an electric radiator;
(b) a support for the sample with grill;
(c) a receptacle (for resultant drops);
(d) a support (for the apparatus).
2.1. The source of heat is an electric radiator with a useful output of 500 W.
The radiating surface must be made of a transparent quartz plate with a
diameter of 100 ± 5 mm.
The radiated heat from the apparatus, measured on a surface which is
situated parallel to the surface of the radiator at a distance of 30 mm,
shall be 3 W/cm
2.
2.2.Calibration
For calibration of the radiator, a heat flux meter (radiometer) of the
Gardon (foil) type witha design range not exceeding 10 W/cm2shall be
used.
The target receiving radiation, and possibly to a small extent convection,
shall be flat, circular, not more than 10 mm in diameter and coated with a
durable matt black finish. The target shall be contained within a water-
cooled body the front face of which shall be of highly polished metal,
flat, coinciding with the plane of the target and circular, with a diameter
of about 25 mm.
Radiation shall not pass through any window before reaching the target.
The instrument shall be robust, simple to set up and use, insensitive to
draughts, and stable in calibration. The instrument shall have an accuracy
of within ± 3 % and a repeatability within 0,5 %.
The calibration of the heat flux meter shall be checked whenever a reca-
libration of the radiator is carried out, by comparison with an instrument
held as a reference standard and not used for any other purpose. The
reference standard instrument shall be fully calibrated at yearly intervals
in accordance witha national standard.
2.2.1. Calibration check
The irradiance produced by the power input which the initial calibration
has shown to correspond to an irradiance of 3 W/cm2shall be frequently
checked (at least once every 50 operating hours) and the apparatus shall
be recalibrated if such a check reveals a deviation greater than 0,06 W/
cm2.
2.2.2. Calibration procedure
The apparatus shall be placed in an environment essentially free of air
currents (not more than 0,2 m/s).
Place the heat flux meter in the apparatus in the specimen position so that
the target of the heat flux meter is located centrally within the radiator
surface.
Switch on the electricity supply and establish the power input of the
controller required to produce irradiance at the centre of the radiator
surface of 3 W/cm2. Adjustment to the power unit to record 3 W/cm2
should be followed by a five minute-period without further adjustmentto ensure equilibrium.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 25
▼B
2.3. The support for the samples shall be a metallic ring (figure 1). On top of
this support a grill, made of stainless steel-wire, is placed with the
following dimensions:
— interior diameter: 118 mm,
— dimension of the holes: 2,10 mm square,— diameter of the steel-wire: 0,70 mm.
2.4. The receptacle shall consist of a cylindrical tube with an interior diameter
of 118 mm and a depthof 12 mm.
The receptacle shall be filled with cotton wool.
2.5. A vertical column shall support the items specified in paragraph 2.1, 2.3
and 2.4.
The radiator is placed on top of the support in a manner such that the
radiating surface is horizontal and the radiation is downwards.
A lever/pedal shall be provided in the column to lift the support of the
radiator slowly. It shall also be provided with a catch in order to ensure
that the radiator can be brought back in its normal position.
In their normal position, the axes of the radiator, the support for the
sample and the receptacle must coincide.
3.Samples
The test samples shall measure: 70 mm x 70 mm.
Samples shall be taken in the same way from finished products, when the
shape of the product permits. When the thickness of the product is more
than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical process
applied to the side which does not face the occupant compartment. If it
is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the Tech-
nical Service, on the initial width of the material which shall bementioned in the test report.
Composite materials (see 2.8 of Annex I) shall be tested as if they were
of uniform construction.
In the case of materials made of superimposed layers of different compo-
sition which are not composite materials, all the layers of material
included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the
passenger compartment shall be tested individually.
The total mass of the sample to be tested shall be at least 2 g. If the mass
of one sample is less, a sufficient number of samples shall be added.
If the two faces of the material differ, both faces must be tested, which
means that eight samples are to be tested.
The samples and the cotton wool shall be conditioned for at least 24
hours at a temperature 23 ± 2 º C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 %
and shall be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to
testing.
4.Procedure
The sample is placed on the support and the latter is so positioned that
the distance between the surface of the radiator and the upperside of the
sample is 30 mm.
The receptacle, including the cotton wool, is placed beneath the grill of
the support at a distance of 300 mm.
The radiator is put aside, so that it cannot radiate on the sample, and
switched on. When it is on full capacity it is positioned above the sample
and timing is started.
If the material melts or deforms, the height of the radiator is modified to
maintain the distance of 30 mm.
If the material ignites, the radiator is put aside three seconds afterwards.
It is brought back in position when the flame has extinguished and the
same procedure is repeated as frequently as necessary during the first
five minutes of the test.
After the fifth minute of the test:
(i) If the sample has extinguished (whether or not it has ignited during
the first five minutes of the test) leave the radiator in position even if
the sample reignites.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 26
▼B
(ii) If the material is flaming, await extinction before bringing the
radiator into position again.
In either case, the test must be continued for an additional five minutes.
5.Results
Observed phenomena shall be noted in the test-report, such as:
— the fall of drops, if any, whether flaming or not,
— if ignition of the cotton wool has taken place
Figure 1
(Dimensions in millimeters)1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 27
▼B
ANNEX VI
TEST TO DETERMINE THE VERTICAL BURNING RATE OF MATE-
RIALS
1.Principle
This test consists of exposing samples, held in a vertical position, to a
flame and determining the speed of propagation of the flame over the mate-
rial to be tested.
2.Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of:
(a) a specimen holder;
(b) a burner;
(c) a ventilation system to extract gas and combustion products;
(d) a template;
(e) marker threads of white mercerized cotton threads having a maximum
linear density of 50 tex.
2.1. The specimen holder shall consist of a rectangular frame 560 mm high and
shall have two rigidly connected parallel rods spaced 150 mm apart on
which pins shall be fitted for mounting the test specimen which is located
in a plane at least 20 mm from the frame. The mounting pins shall be not
greater than 2 mm in diameter and at least 27 mm long. The pins shall be
located on the parallel rods at locations shown in figure 1. The frame shall
be fitted onto a suitable support to maintain the rods in a vertical orienta-
tion during testing. (For the purpose of locating the specimen on the pins in
a plane away from the frame, spacer stubs 2 mm in diameter may be
provided adjacent to the pins).
2.2. The burner is described in figure 3.
The gas supplied to the burner can be either commercial propane gas or
commercial butane gas.
The burner shall be positioned in front of, but below, the specimen such
that it lies in a plane passing through the vertical centreline of the specimen
and perpendicular to its face (see figure 2), such that the longitudinal axis
is inclined upwards at 30 º to the vertical towards the lower edge of the
specimen. The distance between the tip of the burner and the lower edge
of the specimen shall be 20 mm.
2.3. The test apparatus may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly provided
that the internal volume is at least 20 times, but not more than 110 times,
greater than the volume of the test apparatus and provided that no single
height, width, or length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2
½ times either of the other two dimensions. Before the test, the vertical
velocity of the air through the fume cupboard shall be measured 100 mm
in front of and behind the final position where the test apparatus will be
located. It shall be between 0,10 and 0,30 m/s in order to avoid possible
discomfort, by combustion products, to the operator. It is possible to use a
fume cupboard witha natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
2.4. A flat rigid template made of suitable material and of a size corresponding
to the size of the specimen shall be used. Holes approximately 2 mm in
diameter shall be drilled in the template and positioned so that the distances
between the centres of the holes correspond to the distances between the
pins on the frames (see figure 1). The holes shall be located equidistant
about the vertical centrelines of the template.
3.Samples
3.1. The samples dimensions are: 560 x 170 mm.3.2. The samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at a temperature of
23 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 % and shall be maintained
under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.
4.Procedure
4.1. The test shall be carried out in an atmosphere having a temperature
between 10º and 30 ºC and a relative humidity between 15 % and 80 %.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 28
▼B
4.2. The burner shall be preheated for 2 minutes. The flame height shall be
adjusted to 40 ± 2 mm measured as the distance between the top of the
burner tube and the tip of the yellow part of the flame when the burner is
vertically oriented and the flame is viewed in dim light.
4.3. The specimen shall be placed on the pins of the test frame, making certain
that the pins pass through the points marked off from the template and that
the specimen is at least 20 mm removed from the frame. The frame shall
be fitted on the support so that the specimen is vertical.
4.4. The marker threads shall be attached horizontally in front of the specimen
at the locations shown in figure 1. At each location, a loop of thread shall
be mounted so that the two segments are spaced 1 mm and 5 mm from the
plane of the front of the specimen.
Each loop shall be attached to a suitable timing device. Sufficient tension
shall be imposed to the thread to maintain its position relative to the
specimen.
4.5. The flame shall be applied to the specimen for 5 seconds. Ignition shall be
deemed to have occurred if flaming of the specimen continues for 5
seconds after removal of the igniting flame. If ignition does not occur, the
flame shall be applied for 15 seconds to another conditioned specimen.
4.6. If any result in any set of three specimens exceeds the minimum result by
50 %, another set of three specimens shall be tested for that direction or
face. If one or two specimens in any set of three specimens fail to burn to
the top marker thread, another set of three specimens shall be tested for
that direction or face.
4.7. The following times, in seconds, shall be measured:
(a) from the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance
of the first marker thread (t1);
(b) from the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance
of the second marker thread (ts);
(c) from the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance
of the third marker thread (t3).
5.Results
The observed phenomena shall be written down in the test-report, to
include:
— the durations of combustion:1,t2and t3in seconds,
— the corresponding burnt distances: d1,d2and d3in mm.
The burning rate V1and the rates V2and V3, if applicable, shall be calcu-
lated (for each sample if the flame reaches at least the first marker thread)
as follows:
vi¼di
ti/C260ðmm=minÞ
The highest burning rate of V1,V2and V3shall be taken into account.1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 29
▼B
Figure 1
Specimenholder
(Dimensions in millimetres)
Figure 2
Burner ignition location1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 30
▼B
Figure 3
Gasburner
(Dimensions in millimetres)1995L0028 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 001.001 — 31