1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B ►M4 COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of20May1975
on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural or forestry tractors (electro-
magneticcompatibility)
(75/322/EEC) ◄
(OJ L 147, 9.6.1975, p. 28)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1CouncilDirective82/890/EECof17December1982L3784531.12.1982
►
M3Directive97/54/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23
September1997L2772410.10.1997 ►M2CommissionDirective95/54/ECof31October1995L26618.11.1995
►M4CommissionDirective2000/2/ECof14January2000L212326.1.2000
►M5Commission Directive 2001/3/EC of 8 January 2001 L 28 1 30.1.2001
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 226, 18.8.1976, p. 16 (75/322/EEC)
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of20May1975
on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural
orforestrytractors(electromagnetic compatibility)
(75/322/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament(1);
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(2);
Whereas the technical requirements with which tractors must comply
pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia , to the suppression of radio
interference;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the samerequirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules, inparticular to allow the EEC type approval procedure which was the
subject of Council Directive 74/150/EEC(
3) of 4 March1974 on th e
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the typeapproval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors to be applied inrespect of eachtype of tractor,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any vehicle as
defined in Directive 74/150/EEC.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EC type-approval or national
type-approval to a vehicle, system, component or separate technical
unit on grounds relating to electromagnetic compatibility if the require-ments of this Directive are fulfilled.
Article 4
This Directive shall constitute a ‘specific directive’ for the purposes of
Article 2(2) of Council Directive 89/336/EEC(4) witheffect from 1
October 2001.
Article 5
The amendments necessary for adapting the requirements of the
Annexes to technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with theprocedure laid down in Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 160, 18. 12. 1969, p. 29.
(2) OJ No C 48, 16. 4. 1969, p. 21.
(3) OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10.
(4) OJ L 139, 23.5.1989, p. 19.▼M4
▼B
▼M4
▼B
▼B
Article 6
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in
order to comply with this Directive within 18 months of its notification
and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions
of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directiveare communicated to the Commission.
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 3
▼M4
ANNEX I
REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BY VEHICLES AND ELECTRICAL/
ELECTRONICSUB-ASSEMBLIESFITTEDTOAVEHICLE
1.Scope
1.1. ►M4This Directive applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of
vehicles covered by Article 1. It also applies to electrical or electronic
separate technical units intended to be fitted to the vehicles. ◄
2.Definitions
2.1. For the purposes of this Directive:
2.1.1. ‘Electromagnetic compatibility’ means the ability of a vehicle or
component(s) or separate technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in
its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable elec-
tromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
2.1.2. ‘Electromagnetic disturbance’ means any electromagnetic phenomenon
which may degrade the performance of a vehicle or component(s) or
separate technical unit(s). An electromagnetic disturbance may be
electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propaga-
tion medium itself.
2.1.3. ‘Electromagnetic immunity’ means the ability of a vehicle or compo-
nent(s) or separate technical unit(s) to perform without degradation of
performance in the presence of specified electromagnetic disturbances.
2.1.4. ‘Electromagnetic environment’ means the totality of electromagnetic
phenomena existing at a given location.
2.1.5. ‘Reference limit’ means the nominal level to which type approval and
conformity of production limit values are referenced.
2.1.6. ‘Reference antenna’ for the frequency range 20 to 80 MHz: means a
shortened balanced dipole being a half wave resonant dipole at
80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz: means a
balanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurementfrequency.
2.1.7. ‘Broadband emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth
greater than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
2.1.8. ‘Narrowband emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth less
than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
2.1.9. ‘Electrical/electronic system’ means (an) electrical and/or electronic
device(s) or set(s) of devices together with any associated electrical
connections which form part of a vehicle but which are not intended
to be type approved separately from the vehicle.
2.1.10. ‘Electrical/electronic sub-assembly’ (ESA) means an electrical and/or
electronic device or set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle,
together with any associated electrical connections and wiring, which
performs one or more specialized functions. An ESA may be approved
at the request of a manufacturer as either a ‘component’ or a ‘separate
technical unit (STU)’ (see ►
M4Directive 74/150/EEC, Article
9a◄).
2.1.11. ‘Vehicle type’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means vehi-
cles which do not differ essentially in such respects as:
2.1.11.1. the overall size and shape of the engine compartment;
2.1.11.2. the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components
and the general wiring arrangement;
2.1.11.3. the primary material of which the body or shell (if applicable) of the
vehicle is constructed (for example, a steel, aluminium or fibreglass
body shell). The presence of panels of different material does not
change the vehicle type provided the primary material of the body is
unchanged. However, such variations must be notified.
2.1.12. An ‘ESA type’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means
ESAs which do not differ in such essential respects as:
2.1.12.1. the function performed by the ESA;1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 4
▼M4
2.1.12.2. the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components,
if applicable.
3.ApplicationforEECtype-approval
3.1. Approval of a vehicle type3.1.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type, with regard to its elec-
tromagnetic compatibility pursuant to ►
M4Article 9a of Directive
74/150/EEC ◄shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.
3.1.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex IIA.3.1.3. The vehicle manufacturer shall draw up a schedule describing all
projected combinations of relevant vehicle electrical/electronic
systems or ESAs, body styles(
1), variations in body material (1),
general wiring arrangements, engine variations, left-hand/right-hand
drive versions and wheelbase versions. Relevant vehicle electrical/
electronic systems or ESAs are those which may emit significant
broadband or narrowband radiation and/or those which are involved
in the driver's direct control (see paragraph 6.4.2.3 of this Annex) of
the vehicle.
3.1.4. A representative vehicle shall be selected from this schedule for the
purpose of being tested, in mutual agreement between the manufac-
turer and the competent authority. This vehicle shall represent the
vehicle type (see Appendix 1 to Annex IIA). The choice of vehicle,
shall be based on the electrical/electronic systems offered by the
manufacturer. One more vehicle may be selected from this schedule
for the purpose of being tested if it is considered by mutual agreement
between the manufacturer and the competent authority that different
electrical/electronic systems are included which are likely to have a
significant effect on the vehicle's electromagnetic compatibility
compared with the first representative vehicle.
3.1.5. The choice of the vehicle(s) in conformity with paragraph 3.1.4 is
limited to vehicle/electrical/electronic system combinations intended
for actual production.
3.1.6. The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from
tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be
used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the
type-approval certificate.
3.1.7. If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries
out the test itself, then a vehicle representative of the type to beapproved, according to paragraph3.1.4 sh all be provided.
3.2. Approval of a type of ESA
3.2.1. The application for approval of a type of ESA with regard to its elec-
tromagnetic compatibility pursuant to ►
M4Article 9a of Directive
74/150/EEC ◄shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by
the manufacturer of the ESA.
3.2.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex IIB.3.2.3. The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from
tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be
used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the
type-approval certificate.
3.2.4. If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries
out the test itself, then a sample of the ESA system representative of
the type to be approved shall be provided, if necessary, after discus-
sion with the manufacturer on, for example, possible variations in the
layout, number of components, number of sensors. If the technical
service deems it necessary, it may select a further sample.
3.2.5. The sample(s) must be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufac-
turer's trade name or mark and the type designation.
3.2.6. Where applicable, any restrictions on use should be identified. Any
suchrestrictions sh ould be included in Annexes IIB and/or IIIB.
4.Type-approval
4.1. Routes to type-approval1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 5
(1) If applicable.
▼M4
4.1.1. Type-approval of a vehicle
The following alternative routes to type-approval of a vehicle may be
used at the discretion of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.1.1.1. Approval of a vehicle installation
A vehicle installation may achieve type-approval directly by following
the provisions laid down in paragraph 6 of this Annex. If this route is
chosen by a vehicle manufacturer, no separate testing of electrical/
electronic systems or ESAs is required.
4.1.1.2. Approval of vehicle type by testing of individual ESAs
A vehicle manufacturer may obtain approval for the vehicle by
demonstrating to the approval authority that all the relevant (see para-
graph 3.1.3 of this Annex) electrical/electronic systems or ESAs have
individually been approved in accordance with this Directive and have
been installed in accordance with any conditions attached thereto.
4.1.1.3. A manufacturer, if he wishes, may obtain approval to this Directive if
the vehicle has no equipment of the type which is subject to immunity
or emission tests. The vehicle shall have no systems as specified in
paragraph3.1.3 (immunity) and no spark ignition equipment. Such
approvals do not require testing.
4.1.2. Type-approval of an ESA
Type-approval may be granted to an ESA to be fitted either to any
vehicle type or to a specific vehicle type or types requested by the
manufacturer. ESAs involved in the direct control of vehicles will
normally receive type-approval in conjunction witha veh icle manufac-
turer.
4.2. Granting of type-approval
4.2.1. Vehicle4.2.1.1. If the representative vehicle fulfils the requirements of this Directive,
EEC type-approval pursuant to ►
M4Article 4 of Directive 74/150/
EEC◄shall be granted.
4.2.1.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificate is given in Annex IIIA.4.2.2. ESA4.2.2.1. If the representative ESA system(s) fulfil(s) the requirements of this
Directive, EEC type-approval pursuant to ►
M4Article 4 of Directive
74/150/EEC ◄shall be granted.
4.2.2.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificates is given in Annex
IIIB.
4.2.3. In order to draw up the certificates referred to in paragraph 4.2.1.2 or
4.2.2.2, the competent authority of the Member State granting the
approval may use a report prepared by an approved or recognized
laboratory or in accordance with the provisions of this Directive.
4.3. Amendments to approvals4.3.1. In the case of amendments to approvals granted pursuant to this Direc-
tive, the provisions of ►
M4Article 6 of Directive 74/150/EEC ◄
shall apply.
4.3.2. Amendment of a vehicle type-approval by ESA addition or substitu-
tion.
4.3.2.1. Where a vehicle manufacturer has obtained approval for a vehicle
installation and wishes to fit an additional or substitutional electrical/
electronic system or ESA which has already received approval
pursuant to this Directive, and which will be installed in accordance
with any conditions attached thereto, the vehicle approval may be
amended without further testing. The additional or substitutional elec-
trical/electronic system or ESA shall be considered as part of the
vehicle for conformity of production purposes.
4.3.2.2. Where the additional or substitutional part(s) has (have) not received
approval pursuant to this Directive, and if testing is considered neces-
sary, the whole vehicle shall be deemed to comply if the new or
revised part(s) can be shown to comply with the relevant requirements
of paragraph 6 or if, in a comparative test, the new part can be shown
not to be likely to adversely affect compliance of the vehicle type.
4.3.2.3. The addition by a vehicle manufacturer to an approved vehicle of stan-
dard domestic or business equipment, other than mobile1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 6
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communication equipment(1) which complies with Directive 89/336/
EEC, and is installed according to the recommendations of the equip-
ment and vehicle manufacturers, or the substitution or removal thereof,
shall not invalidate the vehicle approval. This shall not preclude
vehicle manufacturers fitting communication equipment with suitable
installations guidelines developed by the vehicle manufacturer and/or
manufacturer(s) of such communication equipment. The vehicle manu-
facturer shall provide evidence (if requested by the test authority) that
vehicle performance is not adversely affected by such transmitters.
This can be a statement that the power levels and installation are
such that the immunity levels of this Directive offer sufficient protec-
tion when subject to transmission alone, i.e. excluding transmission in
conjunction with the tests specified in paragraph 6. This Directive
does not authorize the use of a communication transmitter when other
requirements on suchequipment or its use apply. A veh icle manufac-
turer may refuse to install in his vehicle standard domestic or business
equipment which complies with Directive 89/336/EEC.
5.Marking
5.1. Every ESA conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Directive
shall bear an EEC type-approval mark.
5.2. This mark shall consist of a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’
followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State
which has granted type-approval:
1 for Germany; 2 for France; 3 for Italy; 4 for the Netherlands; 5 for
Sweden; 6 for Belgium; 9 for Spain; 11 for the United Kingdom; 12
for Austria; 13 for Luxembourg; 17 for Finland; 18 for Denmark; 21
for Portugal; 23 for Greece; 24 for Ireland.
It must also include in the vicinity of the rectangle the four-digit
sequential number (withleading zeros as applicable) — h ereinafter
referred to as ‘base approval number’ — contained in Section 4 of
the type-approval number shown on the EEC type-approval certificate
issued for the type of device in question (see Annex IIIB), preceded
by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the
most recent major technical amendment to ►M4Directive 75/322/
EEC◄on the date EEC component type-approval was granted. In
this Directive the sequence number is 02.
5.3. The EEC type-approval mark must be affixed to the main part of the
ESA (e.g. the electronic control unit) in such a way as to be clearly
legible and indelible.
5.4. An example of the EEC type-approval mark is shown in Appendix 7.
5.5. No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in
vehicle types approved by this Directive.
5.6. Markings on ESAs in compliance withparagraph5.3 need not be
visible when the ESA is installed in a vehicle.
6.Specifications
6.1. General specification
6.1.1. A vehicle (and its electrical/electronic system(s) or ESAs) shall be so
designed, constructed and fitted as to enable the vehicle, in normal
conditions of use, to comply with the requirements of this Directive.
6.2. Specifications concerning broadband electromagnetic radiation from
vehicles fitted with spark ignition.
6.2.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle representative
of its type shall be measured using the method described in Annex IV
at either of the defined antenna distances. The choice shall be made by
the vehicle manufacturer.
6.2.2. Vehicle broadband reference limits
6.2.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex IV
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation refer-
ence limits shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to
75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 1801975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 7
(1) For example: radio telephone and citizens band radio.
▼M4
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
as shown in Appendix 1 to this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m
(180 microvolts/m).
6.2.2.2. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex IV
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation refer-
ence limits shall be 44 dB microvolts/m (160 microvolts/m) in the 30
to 75 MHz frequency band and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 562
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
as shown in Appendix 2 to this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m
(562 microvolts/m).
6.2.2.3. On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values,
expressed in dB microvolts/m, (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB
(20 %) below the reference limits.
6.3. Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic radiation from
vehicles.
6.3.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle repesentative
of its type shall be measured using the method described in Annex V
at either of the defined antenna distances. The choice shall be made by
the vehicle manufacturer.
6.3.2. Vehicle narrowband reference limits
6.3.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex V
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation-refer-
ence limits shall be 24 dB microvolts/m (16 microvolts/m) in the 30 to
75 MHz frequency band and 24 to 35 dB microvolts/m (15 to 56
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
as shown in Appendix 3 of this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHzfrequency band the limit remains constant at 35 dB microvolts/m (56
microvolts/m).
6.3.2.2. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex V
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation refer-
ence limit shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to
75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
as shown in Appendix 4 to this Annex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m
(180 microvolts/m).
6.3.2.3. On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values,
expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB
(20 %) below the reference limit.
6.3.2.4. Notwithstanding the limits defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.2 and
6.3.2.3 of this Annex, if, during the initial step described in Annex
V, paragraph 1.3, the signal strength measured at the vehicle broadcast
radio antenna is less than 20 dB microvolts (10 microvolts) over the
frequency range 88 to 108 MHz, then the vehicle shall be deemed to
comply with the limits for narrowband emissions and no further
testing will be required.
6.4. Specifications concerning immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic
radiation.
6.4.1. Method of testing
The immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the vehicle representa-
tive of its type shall be tested by the method described in Annex VI.
6.4.2. Vehicle immunity reference limits.
6.4.2.1. If tests are made using the method described in Annex VI, the field
strength reference level shall be 24 volts/m rms in over 90 % of the
20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band and 20 volts/m rms over the whole
20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band.
6.4.2.2. The vehicle representative of its type shall be considered as complying
withimmunity requirements if, during th e tests performed in accor-
dance withAnnex VI, and subjected to a field strength , expressed in
volts/m, of 25 % above the reference level, there shall be no abnormal1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 8
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change in the speed of the driven wheels of the vehicle, no degrada-
tion of performance which would cause confusion to other road users,
and no degradation in the driver's direct control of the vehicle which
could be observed by the driver or other road user.
6.4.2.3. The driver's direct control of the vehicle is exercised by means of, for
example, steering, braking, or engine speed control.
6.5. Specification concerning broadband electromagnetic interference
generated by ESAs.
6.5.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of
its type shall be measured by the method described in Annex VII.
6.5.2. ESA broadband reference limits
6.5.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex VII,
the radiation reference limits shall be 64 to 54 dB microvolts/m (1 600
to 500 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit
decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz,
and 54 to 65 dB microvolts/m (500 to 1800 microvolts/m) in the 75 to
400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with
frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 5 to this Annex. In
the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at
65 dB microvolts/m (1 800 microvolts/m).
6.5.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type, the measured values, expressed
in dB microvolts/m, (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %)
below the reference limits.
6.6. Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic interference
generated by ESAs.
6.6.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of
its type shall be measured by the method described in Annex VIII.
6.6.2. ESA narrowband reference limits.6.6.2.1. If measures are made using the method described in Annex VIII, the
radiation reference limits shall be 54 to 44 dB microvolts/m (500 to
160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit
decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz,
and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 560 microvolts/m) in the 75 to
400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with
frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in Appendix 6 to this Annex. In
the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at
55 dB microvolts/m (560 microvolts/m).
6.6.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type, the measured value, expressed
in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %)
below the reference limits.
6.7. Specifications concerning immunity of ESAs to electromagnetic radia-
tion.
6.7.1. Method(s) of testing
The immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the ESA representative
of its type shall be tested by the method(s) chosen from those
described in Annex IX.
6.7.2. ESA immunity reference limits
6.7.2.1. If tests are made using the methods described in Annex IX, the immu-
nity test reference levels shall be 48 volts/m for the 150 mm stripline
testing method, 12 volts/m for the 800 mm stripline testing method, 60
volts/m for the TEM cell testing method, 48 mA for the bulk current
injection (BCI) testing method and 24 volts/m for the free field testing
method.
6.7.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type at a field strength or current
expressed in appropriate linear units 25 % above the reference limit,
the ESA shall not exhibit any malfunction which would cause any
degradation of performance which could cause confusion to other
road users or any degradation in the driver's direct control of a vehicle
fitted with the system which could be observed by the driver or other
road user.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 9
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7.Conformityofproduction
7.2. Conformity of production withregard to th e electromagnetic compat-
ibility of the vehicle or component of separate technical unit shall be
checked on the basis of the data contained in the type-approval certi-
ficate(s) set out in Annex IIIA and/or IIIB of this Directive as
appropriate.
7.3.1. If the conformity of a vehicle, component or STU taken from the
series is being verified, production shall be deemed to conform to the
requirements of this Directive in relation to broadband radiated emis-
sions and narrowband radiated emissions if the levels measured do not
exceed by more than 2 dB, (25 %) the reference limits prescribed in
paragraphs 6.2.2.1, 6.2.2.2, 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2 (as appropriate).
7.3.2. If the conformity of a vehicle, component or STU taken from the
series is being verified, production shall be deemed to conform to the
requirements of this Directive in relation to immunity to electromag-
netic radiation if the vehicle, component or STU does not exhibit any
degradation relating to the direct control of the vehicle which could be
observed by the driver or other road user when the vehicle, component
or STU is in the state defined in Annex VI, paragraph 4, and subjected
to a field strength, expressed in volts/m, up to 80 % of the reference
limits prescribed in paragraph6.4.2.1 of th is Annex.
8.Exceptions
8.1. Where a vehicle or electrical/electronic system or ESA does not
include an electronic oscillator withan operating frequency greater
than 9 kHz, it shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.3.2 or
6.6.2 of Annex I and withAnnexes V and VIII.
8.2. Vehicles which do not have electrical/electronic systems or ESAs
involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested for
immunity and shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.4 of Annex
I and withAnnex VI to th is Directive.
8.3. ESAs whose functions are not involved in the direct control of the
vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to
comply withparagraph6.7 of Annex I and withAnnex IX to th is
Directive.
8.4. Electrostatic discharge
For vehicles fitted with tyres, the vehicle body/chassis can be consid-
ered to be an electrically isolated structure. Significant electrostatic
forces in relation to the vehicle's external environment only occur atthe moment of occupant entry into or exit from the vehicle. As the
vehicle is stationary at these moments, no type-approval test for elec-
trostatic discharge is deemed necessary.
8.5. Conducted transients
Since during normal driving, no external electrical connections are
made to vehicles, no conducted transients are generated in relation to
the external environment. The responsibility of ensuring that equip-
ment can tolerate the conducted transients within a vehicle, e.g. due
to load switching and interaction between systems, lies with the manu-
facturer. No type-approval test for conducted transients is deemed
necessary.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 10
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Appendix 1
Vehicle broadbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 10 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.2.2.11975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 11
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Appendix 2
Vehicle broadbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 3 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.2.2.21975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 12
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Appendix 3
Vehiclenarrowbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 10 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.3.2.11975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 13
▼M4
Appendix 4
Vehiclenarrowbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 3 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.8.2.21975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 14
▼M4
Appendix 5
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly
Broadbandreference limits
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.5.2.11975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 15
▼M4
Appendix 6
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly
Narrowbandreference limits
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.6.2.11975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 16
▼M4
Appendix 7
Model for the EEC type-approval mark
The ESA bearing the above EEC type-approval mark is a device which has been approved in
Germany (e1) under the base approval number 0148. The first two digits (02) indicate that the device
conforms with the requirements of Directive 72/245/EEC, as amended by this Directive.
The figures used are only indicative.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 17
▼M5
ANNEX IIA
Information documentNo… pursuantto AnnexI to Directive 74/150/EEC
relating to EC type-approval of an agricultural or forestry tractor
concerningelectromagnetic compatibility(75/322/EEC),aslastamendedby
Directive 2000/2/EC
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 18
▼M5
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 19
▼M5
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 20
▼M4
Appendix 1
Description of vehicle chosen to represent the type
Body style:Left or right hand drive:
Wheelbase:
Component options:1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 21
▼M4
Appendix 2
Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized
laboratories for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 22
▼M4
ANNEX IIB
Information document No… relating to EC type-approval of an electrical/
electronic sub-assembly with respect to electromagnetic compatibility
(Directive 75/322/EEC),aslastamendedbyDirective 2000/2/EC
0.General
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1.ThisESAshallbeapprovedasacomponent/STU (*)
2.Anyrestrictionsofuseandconditionsforfitting:1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 23
(*) Delete where not applicable.
▼M4
Appendix 1
Description of the ESA chosen to represent the type:1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 24
▼M4
Appendix 2
Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized
laboratories for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 25
▼M4
ANNEX IIIA
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the:
— type-approval(1)
— extension of type-approval (1)
— refusal of type-approval (1)
— withdrawal of type-approval (1)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) withregard to
►M4Directive 75/322/EEC ◄, as last amended by Directive …/…/EC.
Type approval number:
Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/
separate technical unit (1)(2):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:
0.4.►M4Vehicle◄:
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval-mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
SECTION II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:
4. Number of test report:5. Remarks (if any): See Appendix
6. Place:
7. Date:8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request is attached1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 26
(1) Delete where not applicable.
(2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the
vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certi-ficate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g.
ABC??123??).
▼M4
Appendix to EC type-approval certificate No…
concerning the type-approval of a vehicle with regard to Directive 75/322/EEC,
as last amended by Directive 2000/2/EC
1. Additional information
1.1. Special devices for the purpose of Annex IV to this Directive (if applic-
able): (e.g. …)
1.2. Electrical system rated voltage: … V. positive/negative ground
1.3. Type of bodywork:
1.4. List of electronic systems installed in the tested vehicle(s) not limited to the
items in the information document (see Appendix 1 to Annex II):
1.5. Approved/recognized laboratory (for the purpose of this Directive) respon-
sible for carrying out the tests:
5. Remarks:
(e.g. valid for both left-hand drive and right-hand drive vehicles)1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 27
▼M4
ANNEX IIIB
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the:
— type-approval(1)
— extension of type-approval (1)
— refusal of type-approval (1)
— withdrawal of type-approval (1)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) withregard to
►M4Directive 75/322/EEC ◄, as last amended by Directive …/…/EC.
Type-approval number:
Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/
separate technical unit (1)(2):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:0.4.►
M4Vehicle◄:
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval-mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
SECTION II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix
2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:4. Number of test report:
5. Remarks (if any): See Appendix
6. Place:7. Date:
8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request is attached.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 28
(1) Delete where not applicable.
(2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the
vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certi-ficate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g.
ABC??123??).
▼M4
Appendix to EC type-approval certificate No…
concerning the type-approval of an electrical/electronic sub-assembly with
regard to Directive 75/322/EEC, as last amended by Directive 2000/2/EC
1. Additional information:
1.1. Electrical system rated voltage:
1.2. This ESA can be used on any vehicle type with the following restrictions:
1.2.1. Installation conditions, if any:1.3. This ESA can only be used on the following vehicle types:
1.3.1. Installation conditions, if any:
1.4. the specific test method(s) used and the frequency ranges covered to
determine immunity were: (please specify precise method used from
Annex IX)
1.5. Approved/recognized laboratory (for the purpose of this Directive)
responsible for carrying out the test.
5. Remarks:1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 29
▼M4
ANNEX IV
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELEC-
TROMAGNETICEMISSIONSFROMVEHICLES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehi-
cles.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publi-
cation No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR).
A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of braodband
electromagnetic emissions in this Annex, or if a peak detector is used
an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the spark
pulse rate.
1.3. Test method
This test is intended to measure the broadband electromagnetic emis-
sions generated by spark-ignition systems and by electric motors
(electric traction motors, engines for heating or de-icing systems, fuel
pumps, water pumps, etc.) permanently fitted to the vehicle.
Two alternative reference antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m
from the vehicle. In either case the requirements of paragraph 3 of this
Annex shall be complied with.
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolt/m
(microvol/m) for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B
(expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz,
the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band
widthth roughmultiplication by a factor 120/B.
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic
reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured
from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure
1 of Appendix 1 to this Annex).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region
shown in Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex.
Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a
minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the vehicle
under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results will not be
affected.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown
between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test
facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Figure
1 in Appendix 1 of this Annex other than the distance from the antenna
to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to
have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in
paragraph3.4 of th is Annex.
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude
sufficient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be
taken before and after the main test. If the vehicle is present when
ambient measurements are taken, it will be necessary to ensure that
any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient
measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area,
removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery. In both of the
measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB
below the limits of interference given in paragraph 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2
(as appropriate) of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient
transmissions.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 30
▼M4
4.Vehiclestateduringtests
4.1. Engine
The engine shall be running at its normal operating temperature and the
transmission shall be in neutral. If for practical reasons this cannot be
achieved, alternative arrangements mutually agreed between the manu-
facturer and the test authorities may be made. Care shall be taken to
ensure that the speed setting mechanism does not influence electromag-
netic radiations. During each measurement, the engine shall be operated
as follows:
Engine typeMethod of measurements
Quasi peak Peak
Spark ignition Engine speed Engine speed
One cylinder 2 500 rpm ± 10 % 2 500 rpm ± 10 %
More than one cylinder 1 500 rpm ± 10 % 1 500 rpm ± 10 %
4.2. Testing shall not be conducted while rain or other precipitation is
falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has
stopped.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any antenna may be used provided it can be normalized to the refer-
ence antenna. The method described in CISPR publication No 12,
Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height
5.2.1.1. 10 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.2. 3 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m
to the plane on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement
5.2.2.1. 10 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 10,0 ± 0,2 m.
5.2.2.2. 3 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 3,00 ± 0,05 m.
5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency elec-
tromagnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall
be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer
than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absor-
bent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test.
5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle
The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand
sides of the vehicle, with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitu-
dinal symmetry of the vehicle, in line with the engine mid-point (see
Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex) ►
M4and in line withth e
vehicle mid-point defined as the point on the principal axis of the
vehicle midway between the centres of the front and rear axles of the
vehicle◄.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 31
▼M4
5.4. Antenna position
At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the
antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in
Appendix 1 to this Annex).
5.5. Readings
The maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with paragraphs
5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic
reading at the frequency at which the measurements were made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz
frequency range. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements
of this Annex, the Testing Authority shall test at up to 13 frequencies
in the range, e.g. 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600,
750, 900 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test,
investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and
not to background radiation.
6.1.1. The limits apply throughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz.
6.1.2. Measurements can be performed witheith er quasi-peak or peak detec-
tors. The limits given in Annex I, paragraphs 6.2 and 6.5 are for quasi-
peak. If peak is used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz bandwithor subtract 22 dB
for 1 kHz band width.
6.2. Tolerances
Spot frequency
(MHz)Tolerance
(MHz)
45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190 and 230 ± 5
280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 ± 20
The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to avoid
interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot
frequencies during the time of measurement.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 32
▼M4
Appendix 1
Figure1
TRACTOR TEST AREA
(Level area free from reflecting electromagnetic surfaces)1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 33
▼M4
Figure2
POSITION OF ANTENNA RELATIVE TO TRACTOR
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 34
▼M4
ANNEX V
METHODOFMEASUREMENTOFRADIATEDNARROWBANDELEC-
TROMAGNETICEMISSIONSFROMVEHICLES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehi-
cles.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publi-
cation No 16-1 (93), of the International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR).
An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measure-
ment of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex.
1.3. Test method
1.3.1. This test is intended to measure narrowband electromagnetic emissions
such as might emanate from a microprocessor-based system or other
narrowband source.
1.3.2. As an initial step the levels of emissions in the FM frequency band (88
to 108 MHz) shall be measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna
withequipment as specified in paragraph1.2. If th e level specified in
paragraph 6.3.2.4 of Annex I is not exceeded, then the vehicle shall be
deemed to comply with the requirements of this Annex in respect of
that frequency band and the full test shall not be carried out.
1.3.3. In the full test procedure two alternative antenna distances are permis-
sible: 10 or 3 m from the vehicle. In either case the requirements of
paragraph 3 of this Annex shall be complied with.
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m
(microvolts/m).
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic
reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured
from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure
1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region
shown in Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV.
Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a
minimum distance of 10 m bothfrom receiving antenna and th e
vehicle/STU under test, provided that it can be shown that the test
results will not be affected.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown
between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test
facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Figure
1 in Appendix 1 of Annex IV other than the distance from the antenna
to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to
have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in
paragraph3.4 of th is Annex.
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude
sufficient to affect materially the measurement, ambient measurements
shall be taken before and after the main test. It will be necessary to
ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly
the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle fromthe test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the
battery(ies). In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal
shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in para-
graph6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2 (as appropriate) of Annex I, except for
intentional narrowband ambient transmissions.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 35
▼M4
4.Vehiclestateduringtests
4.1. The vehicle's electronic systems shall all be in normal operating mode
with the vehicle stationary.
4.2. The ignition shall be switched on. The engine shall not be operating.4.3. Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is
falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has
stopped.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any antenna may be used provided that it can be normalized to the
reference antenna. The method described in the CISPR 12 publication,
Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height5.2.1.1. 10 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.2. 3 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m
to the plane on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. 10 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 10,0 ± 0,2 m.
5.2.2.2. 3 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 3,00 ± 0,05 m.
5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency elec-
tromagnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall
be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer
than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absor-
bent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test.
5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle
The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand
sides of the vehicle with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitu-
dinal symmetry of the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point
(see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to Annex IV).
5.4. Antenna position
At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the
antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in
Appendix 1 to Annex IV).
5.5. Readings
The maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with paragraphs
5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic
reading at the frequency at which the measurements are made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz
frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each
band one spot frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required
limits are satisfied. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 36
▼M4
of this Annex, the testing authority shall test at one such point in each
of the following 13 frequency bands:
30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200
to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820
to 1 000 MHz.
In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations
shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to back-
ground radiation.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 37
▼M4
ANNEX VI
METHOD OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF VEHICLES TO ELEC-
TROMAGNETICRADIATION
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehi-
cles.
1.2. Test method
This test is intended to demonstrate the immunity to degradation in the
direct control of the vehicle. The vehicle shall be subject to electromag-
netic fields as described in this Annex. The vehicle shall be mnitored
during the tests.
2.Expressionofresults
For the test described in this Annex, field strengths shall be expressed
in volts/m.
3.Measuringlocation
The test facility shall be capable of generating the field strengths over
the frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility shall
comply with(national) legal requirements regarding th e emission of
electromagnetic signals.
Care shall be taken so that the control and monitoring equipment shall
not be affected by radiated fields in sucha way as to invalidate th e
tests.
4.Vehiclestateduringtests
4.1. The vehicle shall be in an unladen condition except for necessary test
equipment.
4.1.1.►M4The engine shall turn the driving wheels normally at a constant
speed corresponding to three quarters of the maximum speed of the
vehicle if there is no technical reason for the manufacturer to prefer
another speed. The vehicle's engine must be loaded with an appropriate
torque. If need be, the transmission shafts may be disengaged (for
example, in the case of vehicles with more than two axles), provided
they do not drive a component emitting interference. ◄
4.1.2. Headlamps shall be on dipped beam.4.1.3. Left or right direction indicator shall be operating.
4.1.4. All other systems which affect the driver's control of the vehicle shall
be (on) as in normal operation of the vehicle.
4.1.5. The vehicle shall not be electrically connected to the test area and no
connections shall be made to the vehicle from any equipment, except
as required by paragraph4.1.1 or 4.2. Tyre contact withth e test area
floor shall not be considered to be an electrical connection.
4.2. If there are vehicle electrical/electronic systems which form an integral
part of the direct control of the vehicle, which will not operate under
the conditions described in paragraph 4.1, it will be permissible for the
manufacturer to provide a report or additional evidence to the testing
authority that the vehicle electrical/electronic system meets the require-
ments of this Directive. Such evidence shall be retained in the type-
approval documentation.
4.3. Only non-perturbing equipment shall be used while monitoring the
vehicle. The vehicle exterior and the passenger compartment shall be
monitored to determine whether the requirements of this Annex are
met (e.g. by using (a) video camera(s)).
4.4. The vehicle shall normally face a fixed antenna. However, where the
electronic control units and the associated wiring harness are predomi-
nantly in the rear of the vehicle, the test should normally be carried out
with the vehicle facing away from the antenna. In the case of long vehi-
cles (i.e. excluding cars and light vans), which have electronic control
units and associated wiring harness predominantly towards the middle
of the vehicle, a reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of this Annex)
may be established based on either the right side surface or the left1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 38
▼M4
side surface of the vehicle. This reference point shall be at the midpoint
of the vehicle's length or at one point along the side of the vehicle
chosen by the manufacturer in conjunction with the competent authority
after considering the distribution of electronic systems and the layout of
any wiring harness.
Such testing may only take place if the physical construction of the
chamber permits. The antenna location must be noted in the test report.
5.Fieldgeneratingdevicetype,positionandorientation
5.1. Field generating device type5.1.1. The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the desired
field strength is achieved at the reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of
this Annex) at the appropriate frequencies.
5.1.2. The field generating device(s) may be an antenna(s) or a transmission
line system (TLS).
5.1.3. The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall be
such that the generated field is polarized:
from 20 to 1000 MHz horizontally or vertically
5.2. Height and distance of measurement
5.2.1. Height
5.2.1.1. The phase centre of any antenna shall not be less than 1,5 m above the
plane on which the vehicle rests or not less than 2,0 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests if the vehicle roof exceeds 3 m in heigh.
5.2.1.2. No part of any antenna's radiating elements shall be closer than 0,25 m
to the plane on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement
5.2.2.1. In-service conditions may be best approximated by placing the field
generating device as far from the vehicle as practical. This distance
will typically lie within the range 1 to 5 m.
5.2.2.2. If the test is carried out in an enclosed facility, the field generating
device's radiating elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio
absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed
facility. There shall be no absorbent material between the transmitting
antenna and the vehicle under test.
5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle
5.3.1. The field generating device's radiating elements shall not be closer than
0,5 m to the outer body surface of the vehicle.
5.3.2. The field generating device shall be positioned on the vehicle's centre
line (plane of longitudinal symmetry).
5.3.3. No part of a TLS, with the exception of the plane on which the vehicle
rests, shall be closer than 0,5 m to any part of the vehicle.
5.3.4. Any field generating device which is placed over the vehicle shall
extend centrally over at least 75 % of the length of the vehicle.
5.4. Reference point
5.4.1. For the purposes of this Annex the reference point is the point at which
the field strength shall be established and shall be defined as follows:
5.4.1.1. at least 2 m horizontally from the antenna phase centre or at least 1 m
vertically from the radiating elements of a TLS,
5.4.1.2. on the vehicle's centre line (plane of longitudinal symmetry),
5.4.1.3. at a height of 1,0 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests
or 2,0 ± 0,05 m if the minimum height of the roof of any vehicle in themodel range exceeds 3,0 m,
5.4.1.4. for front illumination, either:
— ± 0,2 m inside the vehicle, measured from the point of intersection
of the windscreen and bonnet (point C in Appendix 1 to this
Annex), or
— 0,2 ± 0,2 m from the centre line of the front axle of the tractor
measured towards the centre of the tractor (point D in Appendix 2
to this Annex),
whichever results in a reference point closer to the antenna,1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 39
▼M4
5.4.1.5. for rear illumination, either:
— ± 0,2 m inside the vehicle, measured from the point of intersection
of the windscreen and bonnet (point C in Appendix 1 to this
Annex), or
— 0,2 ± 0,2 m from the centre line of the rear axle of the tractor,
measured towards the centre of the tractor (point D in Appendix 2
to this Annex),
whichever results in a reference point closer to the antenna.
5.5. If it is decided to radiate the rear of the vehicle, the reference point
shall be established as in paragraph 5.4. The vehicle shall then be
installed facing away from the antenna and positioned as if it had been
horizontally rotated 180º around its centre point, i.e. such that the
distance from the antenna to the nearest part of the outer body of the
vehicle remains the same. This is illustrated in Appendix 3 to this
Annex.
6.Testrequirements
6.1. Frequency range, dwell times, polarization
The vehicle shall be exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the 20 to
1 000 MHz frequency range.
6.1.1. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Annex, the
vehicle shall be tested at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range, e.g.:
27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and
900 MHz.
The response time of the equipment under test shall be considered and
the dwell time shall be sufficient to allow the equipment under test to
react under normal conditions. In any case, it shall not be less than two
seconds.
6.1.2. One mode of polarization shall be used at each frequency — see para-
graph5.1.3.
6.1.3. All other test parameters shall be as defined in this Annex.
6.1.4. If a vehicle fails the test defined in paragraph 6.1.1 of this Annex, it
must be verified as having failed under the relevant test conditions and
not as a result of the generation of uncontrolled fields.
7.Generationofrequiredfieldstrength
7.1. Test methodology
7.1.1. The ‘substitution method’ shall be used to establish the test field condi-
tions.
7.1.2. Calibration phase
At each test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the field
generating device to produce the required field strength at the reference
point (as defined in paragraph 5) in the test area with the vehicle
absent, the level of forward power, or another parameter directly related
to the forward power required to define the field, shall be measured and
the results recorded. Test frequencies shall lie in the range 20 to
1 000 MHz. Calibration shall be made, starting at 20, in steps not
greater than two per cent of the previous frequency finishing at
1 000 MHz. These results shall be used for type approval tests unless
changes occur in the facilities or equipment which necessitate this
procedure being repeated.
7.1.3. Test phase
The vehicle shall then be introduced into the test facility and positioned
in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 5. The required
forward power defined in paragraph7.1.2 at eachfrequency as defined
in paragraph 6.1.1 shall then be applied to the field generating device.
7.1.4. Whatever parameter was chosen in paragraph 7.1.2 to define the field,
the same parameter shall be used to establish the field strength during
the test.
7.1.5. The field generating equipment and its layout employed during the test
shall be to the same specification as that used during the operations
performed in paragraph7.1.2.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 40
▼M4
7.1.6. Field strengthmeasuring device
A suitable compact field strengthmeasuring device sh all be used to
determine the field strength during the calibration phase of the substitu-
tion method.
7.1.7. During the calibration phase of the substitution method, the phase
centre of the field strength measuring device shall be positioned at the
reference point.
7.1.8. If a calibrated receiving antenna is used as the field strength measuring
device, readings shall be obtained in three mutually orthogonal direc-
tions and the isotropic equivalent value of the readings shall be taken
as the field strength.
7.1.9. To take account of different vehicle geometries, a number of antennae
positions or reference points may need to be established for a given test
facility.
7.2. Field strenghcontour
7.2.1. During the calibration phase of the substitution method (prior to a
vehicle being introduced into the test area), the field strength in at least
80 % of the calibration steps shall not be less than 50 % of the nominal
field strength, at the following locations:
(a) for all field generating devices, 0,5 ± 0,05 m either side of the
reference point on a line passing through the reference point and
at the same height as the reference point, and perpendicular to the
vehicle plane of longitudinal symmetry;
(b) in the case of a TGLS, 1,50 ± 0,05 m on a line passing through the
reference point at the same height as the reference point and along
the line of longitudinal symmetry.
7.3. Chamber resonance
Notwithstanding the condition expressed in 7.2.1, tests shall not be
performed at chamber reasonant frequencies.
7.4. Characteristics of the test signal to be generated.
7.4.1. Maximum envelope excursion
The maximum envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the
maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated sine wave whose
rms value in volts/m is defined in paragraph6.4.2 of Annex I (see
Appendix 4 to this Annex).
7.4.2. Test signal wave form
The test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude modu-
lated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depthm of 0,8 ± 0,04.
7.4.3. Modulation depth
The modulation depth m is defined as:
m¼maximum envelope excursion /C0minimum envelope excursion
maximum envelope excursion þminimum envelope excursion1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 41
▼M4
Appendix 1
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 42
▼M4
Appendix 2
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 43
▼M4
Appendix ►M43◄
Characteristics of test signal to be generated
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 44
▼M4
ANNEX VII
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELEC-
TROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
SUB-ASSEMBLIES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs which
may be subsequently fitted to vehicles which comply with Annex IV.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publica-
tion No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR).
A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of broadband
electromagnetic emissions in this Annex, or if a peak detector is used an
appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the interference
pulse rate.
1.3. Test method
This test is intended to measure broadband electromagnetic emissions
from ESAs.
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m
(microvolts/m), for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B
(expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the
readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band width
through multiplication by a factor 120/B.
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1
(93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference
(CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to this Annex).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located shall be outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to this Annex.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between
the enclosed test facility and an approved outdoor site. Enclosed test
facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Appendix
1 to this Annex other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA
under test and the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix
2 to this Annex).
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude suffi-
cient to affect materially the measurement, measurements hall be taken
before and after the main test. In both of these measurements, the extra-
neous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of
interference given in paragraph6.5.2.1 of Annex I, except for interna-
tional narrowband ambient transmissions.
4.ESAstateduringtests
4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode.4.2. Measurements shall not be made while rain of other precipitation is
falling on the ESA under test or within 10 minutes after such rain or
other precipitation has stopped.
4.3. Test arrangements4.3.1. The ESA under test and its wiring harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm
above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However, if any part
of the ESA under test is intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's
metal bodywork, that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be
electrically bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a
metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size
of the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shall
allow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and components.
The ground plane shall be connected to the protective conductor of the1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 45
▼M4
earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated at a height of
1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be parallel to it.
4.3.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its
requirements. The power supply harness shall be positioned along, and
within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table closest to the
antenna.
4.3.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according
to the manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding
connections shall be permitted.
4.3.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conduc-
tive structures, such as walls of a shielded ares (with the exception of the
ground plane/table underneathth e test object) must be 1,0 m.
4.4. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 µH/50 Ωartificial
network (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The
electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal
system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of
the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring
port.
4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting
cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the
vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic
control unit and the AN shall be 1500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom
should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real
loads and actuators. If extraneous equipment is required for the correct
operation of the ESA under test, compensation shall be made for the
contribution it makes to the emissions measured.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any linearly polarized antenna may be used provided it can be normal-
ized to the reference antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement
5.2.1. Height
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 150 ± 10 mm above ground
plane.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement
The horizontal distance from the phase centre of tip of the antenna as
appropriate, to the edge of the ground plane shall be 1,00 ± 0,05 m. No
part of the antenna shall be closer than 0,5 m to the ground plane.
The antenna shall be placed parallel to a plane which is perpendicular to
the ground plane and coincident with the edge of the ground plane alongwhich the principal portion of the harness runs.
5.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electro-
magnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no
closer than 0,5 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m
to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absorbent material
between the receiving antenna and the ESA under test.
5.3. Antenna orientation and polarization
At the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a
vertical and in a horizontal polarization.
5.4. Readings
The maximum of the two readings taken (in accordance with paragraph
5.3) at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at
the frequency at which the measurements were made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency
range. An ESA is considered as very likely to satisfy the required limits
over the whole frequency range if it satisfies them at the following 13
frequencies in the range, e.g.: 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380,
450, 600, 750 and 900 MHz.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 46
▼M4
In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall
be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA and not to background
radiation.
6.1.1. The limits apply thorughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz.
6.1.2. Measurements can be performed witheith er quasi-peak or peak detectors.
The limits given in paragraphs 6.2 and 6.5 are for quasi-peak. If peak is
used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz band widthor subtract 22 dB for 1 kHz band
width.
6.2. Tolerances
Spot frequency
(MHz)Tolerance
(MHz)
45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190 and 230 ± 5
280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 ± 20
The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to avoid
interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot
frequencies during the time of measurement.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 47
▼M4
Appendix 1
Figure1
Electrical/electronic sub-assemblytestareaboundary
Level clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 48
▼M4
Appendix 2
Figure1
Radiated electromagnetic emissions from an ESA test layout (General plan view)1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 49
▼M4
Appendix 2
Figure2
Radiated electromagnetic emissions from an ESA view of test benchplane of longitudinal symmetry1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 50
▼M4
ANNEX VIII
METHODOFMEASUREMENTOFRADIATEDNARROWBANDELEC-
TROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
SUB-ASSEMBLIES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publica-
tion No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on RadioInterference (CISFR).
An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement
of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex.
1.3. Test method
1.3.1. This test is intended to measure the narrowband electromagnetic radiation
suchas migh t emanate from a microprocessor-based system.
1.3.2. As a short (2 to 3 minutes) initial step, choosing one antenna polarization,
it is permitted to make sweeps of the frequency range identified in para-
graph 6.1 of this Annex using a spectrum analyser to indicate the
existence and/or whereabouts of peak emissions. This may assist in the
choice of frequencies to be tested (see paragraph 6 of this Annex).
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m
(microvolts/m).
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1
(93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference
(CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to Annex VII).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located shall be outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to Annex VII.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between
the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do
not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Appendix 1 to Annex
VII other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA under test and
the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 to Annex
VII).
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude suffi-
cient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken
before and after the main test. In both of these measurements, the extra-
neous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of
interference given in paragraph6.6.2.1 of Annex I, except for intentional
narrowband ambient transmissions.
4.ESAstateduringtests
4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode.
4.2. Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is
falling on the ESA under test or within 10 minutes after rain or other
precipitation has stopped.
4.3. Test arrangements4.3.1. The ESA under test and its wiring harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm
above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However, if any part
of the ESA under test is intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's
metal bodywork, that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be
electrically bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a
metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size
of the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shall
allow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and components.
The ground plane shall be connected to the protective conductor of the1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 51
▼M4
earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated at a height of
1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be parallel to it.
4.3.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its
requirements. The power supply harness shall be positioned along, and
within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table closest to the
antenna.
4.3.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according
to the manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding
connections shall be permitted.
4.3.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conduc-
tive structures, such as walls of a shielded area (with the exception of the
ground plane/table underneathth e test object) must be 1,0 m.
4.4. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 µH/50 Ωresistance
artificial network (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground
plane. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its
nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than
1,5 % of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN moni-
toring port.
4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting
cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the
vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic
control unit and the AN shall be 1500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom
should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real
loads and actuators. If extraneous equipment is required for the correct
operation of the ESA under test, compensation shall be made for the
contribution it makes to the emissions measured.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any linearly polarized antenna may be used provided it can be normal-
ized to the reference antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 50 ± 10 mm above ground
plane.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement
The horizontal distance from the phase centre, or tip of the antenna as
appropriate, to the edge of the ground plane shall be 1,00 ± 0,05 m. No
part of the antenna shall be closer than 0,5 m to the ground plane. The
antenna shall be placed parallel to a plane which is perpendicular to the
ground plane and coincident with the edge of the ground plane along
which the principal portion of the harness runs.
5.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electro-
magnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no
closer than 0,5 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m
to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absorbent material
between the receiving antenna and vehicle electrical/electronic system
under test.
5.3. Antenna orientation and polarization
At the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a
vertical and in a horizontal polarization.
5.4. Readings
The maximum of the two readings taken (in accordance with paragraph
5.3) at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at
the frequency at which the measurements were made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency
range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot
frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satis-
fied. To confirm that the ESA under test meets the requirements of this
Annex, the testing authority shall test one such point in each of the
following 13 frequency bands:1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 52
▼M4
30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to
250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to
1 000 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, inves-
tigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA under test
and not to background radiation.
6.2. If during the initial step which may have been carried out as described in
paragraph 1.3 of this Annex, the radiated narrowband emissions for any
of the bands identified in paragraph 6.1 are at least 10 dB below the
reference limit, then the ESA shall be deemed to comply with the
requirements of this Annex in respect of that frequency band.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 53
▼M4
ANNEX IX
METHOD(S) OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF ELECTRICAL/ELEC-
TRONICSUB-ASSEMBLIESTOELECTROMAGNETICRADIATION
1.General
1.1. The test method(s) described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs.1.2. Test methods1.2.1. ESAs may comply with the requirements of any combination of the
following test methods at the manufacturer's discretion provided that
this results in the full frequency range specified in paragraph 5.1 of
this Annex being covered.
— Stripline testing: see Appendix 1 to this Annex
— Bulk current injection testing: see Appendix 2 to this Annex
— TEM cell testing: see Appendix 3 to this Annex— Free field test: see Appendix 4 to this Annex
1.2.2. Due to radiation of electromagnetic fields during these tests, all
testing shall be conducted in a shielded area (the TEM cell is a
shielded area).
2.Expressionofresults
For the tests described in this Annex, field strengths shall be
expressed in volts/m and injected current shall be expressed in milli-
amps.
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test facility shall be capable of generating the required test signal
over the frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility
shall comply with (national) legal requirements regarding the emis-
sion of electromagnetic signals.
3.2. The measuring equipment shall be located outside the chamber.
4.StateofESAduringtests
4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. It shall be
arranged as defined in this Annex unless individual test methods
dictate otherwise.
4.2. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 µ H/50 Ω)
artificial network (AN), which shall be electrically grounded. The
electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal
system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 %
of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN moni-
toring port.
4.3. Any extraneous equipment required to operate the ESA under test
shall be in place during the calibration phase. No extraneous equip-
ment shall be closer than 1 m from the reference point during
calibration.
4.4. To ensure reproducible measurement results are obtained when tests
and measurements are repeated, the test signal generating equipment
and its layout shall be to the same specification as that used during
each appropriate calibration phase (paragraphs 7.2, 7.3.2.3, 8.4, 9.2
and 10.2 of this Annex).
4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the intercon-
necting cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for
use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the
electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables
in the loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and
preferably withreal loads and actuators.
5.Frequencyrange,dwelltimes
5.1. Measurements shall be made in the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency range.5.2. To confirm that the ESA(s) meet(s) the requirements of this Annex,
the tests shall be performed at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range,
e.g.:1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 54
▼M4
27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and
900 MHz
The response time of the equipment under test shall be considered
and the dwell time shall be sufficient to allow the equipment under
test to react under normal conditions. In any case, it shall not be less
than two seconds.
6.Characteristicsoftestsignaltobegenerated
6.1. Maximum envelope excursion
The maximuim envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the
maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated sine wave whose
rms value is defined in paragraph6.4.2 of Annex I (see Appendix 4
of Annex VI).
6.2. Test signal wave form
The test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude modu-
lated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depthm of 0,8 ± 0,04.
6.3. Modulation depth
The modulation depth m is defined as:
m¼maximum envelope excursion /C0minimum envelope excursion
maximum envelope excursion þminimum envelope excursion
7.Striplinetesting
7.1. Test method
This test method consists of subjecting the wiring harness connecting
the components in an ESA to specified field strengths.
7.2. Field strengthmeasurement in th e stripline
At each desired test frequency a level of power shall be fed into the
stripline to produce the required field strength in the test area with the
ESA under test absent, this level of forward power, or another para-
meter directly related to the forward power required to define the
field, shall be measured and the results recorded. These results shall
be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the facilities
or equipment which necessitate this procedure being repeated. During
this process, the position of the field probe head shall be under the
active conductor, centred in longitudinal, vertical and transversal
directions. The housing of the probe's electronics shall be as far
away from the longitudinal stripline axis as possible.
7.3. Installation of the ESA under test
7.3.1. 150 mm stripline testing
The test method allows the generation of homogeneous fields between
an active conductor (the stripline 50 Ωimpedance), and a ground
plane (the conducting surface of the mounting table), between which
part of the wiring harness may be inserted. The electronic control-
ler(s) of the ESA under test shall be installed on the ground plane
but outside the stripline with one of its edges parallel to the active
conductor of the stripline. It shall be 200 ± 10 mm from a line on
the ground plane directly under the edge of the active conductor.
The distance between any edge of the active conductor and any
peripheral device used for measurement shall be at least 200 mm.
The wiring harness section of the ESA under test shall be placed in
a horizontal attitude between the active conductor and the ground
plane (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 1 to this Annex).
7.3.1.1. The minimum length of the wiring harness, which shall include the
power harness to the electronic control unit and shall be placed under
the stripline, shall be 1,5 m unless the wiring harness in the vehicle is
less than 1,5 m. In this case, the length of the wiring harness shall be
that of the longest length of harness used in the vehicle installation.
Any line branches occurring in this length shall be routed perpendicu-
larly to the longitudinal axis of the line.
7.3.1.2. Alternatively, the fully extended length of the wiring harness,
including the length of the longest of any branches, shall be 1,5 m.
7.3.2. 800 mm stripline testing1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 55
▼M4
7.3.2.1. Test method
The stripline consists of two parallel metallic plates separated by
800 mm. Equipment under test is positioned centrally between the
plates and subjected to an electromagnetic field (see Figures 3 and 4
of Appendix 1 to this Annex).
This method can test complete electronic systems including sensors
and actuators as well as the controller and wiring loom. It is suitable
for apparatus whose largest dimension is less than one-third of the
plate separation.
7.3.2.2. Positioning of stripline
The stripline shall be housed in a screened room (to prevent external
emissions) and positioned 2 m away from walls and any metallic
enclosure to prevent electromagnetic reflections. RF absorber material
may be used to damp these reflections. The stripline shall be placed
on non-conducting supports at least 0,4 m above the floor.
7.3.2.3. Calibration of the stripline
A field measuring probe shall be positioned within the central one-
third of the longitudinal, vertical and transverse dimensions of the
space between the parallel plates with the system under test absent.
The associated measuring equipment shall be sited outside the screen
room.
At each desired test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the
stripline to produce the required field strength at the antenna. This
level of forward power, or another parameter directly related to the
forward power required to define the field, shall be used for type
approval tests unless changes occur in the facilities or equipment
which necessitate this procedure being repeated.
7.3.2.4. Installation of the ESA under test
The main control unit shall be positioned within the central one-third
of the longitudinal, vertical and transverse dimensions of the space
between the parallel plates. It shall be supported on a stand made
from non-conducting material.
7.3.2.5. Main wiring loom and sensor/actuator cables
The main wiring loom and any sensor/actuator cables shall rise verti-
cally from the control unit to the top ground plate (this helps to
maximise coupling with the electromagnetic field). Then they shall
follow the underside of the plate to one of its free edges where they
shall loop over and follow the top of the ground plate as far as the
connections to the stripline feed. The cables shall then be routed to
the associated equipment which shall be sited in an area outside the
influence of the electromagnetic field, e.g.: on the floor of the
screened room 1 m longitudinally away from the stripline.
8.Free fieldESAimmunitytest
8.1. Test method
This test method allows the testing of vehicle electrical/electronic
systems by exposing an ESA to electromagnetic radiation generated
by an antenna.
8.2. Test benchdescription
The test shall be performed inside a semi-anechoic chamber on a
benchtop.
8.2.1. Ground plane8.2.1.1. For free field immunity testing, the ESA under test and its wiring
harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm above a wooden or equiva-
lent non-conducting table. However, if any part of the ESA under test
is intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's metal bodywork,
that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be electrically
bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a metallic
sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size of
the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shallallow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and compo-
nents. The ground plane shall be connected to the protective
conductor of the earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated
at a height of 1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be
parallel to it.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 56
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8.2.1.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its
requirements. The power supply harness shall be positioned along,
and within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table closest to
the antenna.
8.2.1.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system
according to the manufacturer's installation specification, no addi-
tional grounding connections shall be permitted.
8.2.1.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other
conductive structures, such as walls of a shielded area (with the
exception of the ground plane/table underneath the test object) must
be 1,0 m.
8.2.1.5. The dimension of any ground plane shall be 2,25 square meter or
larger in area with the smaller side no less than 750 mm. The ground
plane shall be bonded to the chamber with bonding straps such that
the DC bonding resistance shall not exceed 2,5 milliohms.
8.2.2. Installation of ESA under test
For large equipment mounted on a metal test stand, the test stand
shall be considered a part of the ground plane for testing purposes
and shall be bonded accordingly. The faces of the test sample shall
be located at a minimum of 200 mm from the edge of the ground
plane. All leads and cables shall be a minimum of 100 mm from the
edge of the ground plane and the distance to the ground plane (from
the lowest point of the harness) shall be 50 ± 5 mm above the ground
plane. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 µ H/
50Ω)artificial network (AN).
8.3. Field generating device type, position and orientation8.3.1. Field generating device type8.3.1.1. The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the
desired field strength is achieved at the reference point (see paragraph
8.3.4 of this Annex) at the appropriate frequencies.
8.3.1.2. The field generating device(s) may be (an) antenna(s) or a plate
antenna.
8.3.1.3. The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall
be such that the generated field is polarised:
from 20 to 1 000 MHz horizontally or vertically.
8.3.2. Height and distance of measurement8.3.2.1. Height
The phase centre of any antenna shall be 150 ± 10 mm above the
ground plane on which the ESA under test rests. No parts of any
antenna's radiating elements shall be closer than 250 mm to the floor
of the facility.
8.3.2.2. Distance of measurement8.3.2.2.1. In-service conditions may best be approximated by placing the field
generating device as far from the ESA as practical. This distance
will typically lie within the range 1 to 5 m.
8.3.2.2.2. If the test is carried out in an enclosed facility, the field generating
device's radiating elements shall be no closer than 0,5 m to any radio
absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the facility.
There shall be no absorbent material interposed between the transmit-
ting antenna and the ESA under test.
8.3.3. Antenna location relative to ESA under test8.3.3.1. The field generating device's radiating elements shall not be closer
than 0,5 m to the edge of the ground plane.
8.3.3.2. The phase centre of the field generating device shall be on a plane
which:
(a) is perpendicular to the ground plane;
(b) bisects the edge of the ground plane and the midpoint of the prin-
cipal portion of the wiring harness;
and
(c) is perpendicular to the edge of the ground plane and the principal
portion of the wiring harness.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 57
▼M4
The field generating device shall be placed parallel to this plane (see
Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 4 to this Annex).
8.3.3.3. Any field generating device which is placed over the ground plane or
ESA under test shall extend over the ESA under test.
8.3.4. Reference point
For the purpose of this Annex the reference point is the point at
which the field strength shall be established and shall be defined as
follows:
8.3.4.1. at least 1 m horizontally from the antenna phase centre or at least 1 m
vertically from the radiating elements of a plate antenna;
8.3.4.2. on a plane which:
(a) is perpendicular to the ground plane;
(b) is perpendicular to the edge of the ground plane along which the
principal portion of the wiring harness runs;
and
(c) bisects the edge of the ground plane and the midpoint of the prin-
cipal portion of the wiring harness;
(d) coincident with the midpoint of the principal portion of the
harness which runs along the edge of the ground plane closest to
the antenna;
8.3.4.3. 150 ± 10 mm above the ground plane.
8.4. Generation of required field strength: test methodology8.4.1. the ‘substitution method’ shall be used to establish the test field
conditions.
8.4.2. Substitution method
At each desired test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the
field generating device to produce the required field strength at the
reference point (as defined in paragraph8.3.4 in th e test area with
the ESA under test absent), this level of forward power, or another
parameter directly related to the forward power required to define
the field, shall be measured and the results recorded. These results
shall be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the facil-
ities or equipment which necessitates this procedure being repeated.
8.4.3. Extraneous equipment must be a minimum of 1 m from the reference
point during calibration.
8.4.4. Field strengthmeasuring device
A suitable compact field strengthmeasuring device sh all be used to
determine the field strength during the calibration phase of the substi-
tution method.
8.4.5. The phase centre of the field strength measuring device shall be posi-
tioned at the reference point.
8.4.6. The ESA under test which may include an additional ground plane
shall then be introduced into the test facility and positioned in accor-
dance withth e requirements of paragraph8.3. If a second ground
plane is used, then it shall be within 5 mm of the bench ground plane
and electrically bounded to it. The required forward power defined in
paragraph 8.4.2 at each frequency as defined in paragraph 5 shall then
be applied to the field generating device.
8.4.7. Whatever parameter was chosen in paragraph 8.4.2 to define the field,
the same parameter shall be used to determine the field strengthduring the test.
8.5. Field strengthcontour8.5.1. During the calibration phase of the substitution method (prior to an
ESA under test being introduced into the test area), the field strength
shall not be less than 50 % of the nominal field strength 0,5 ± 0,05 m
either side of the reference point on a line parallel to the edge of the
ground plane nearest to the antenna and passing through the reference
point.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 58
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9.TEMcell testing
9.1. Test method
The TEM (transverse electromagnetic mode) cell generates homoge-
neous fields between the internal conductor (septum) and housing
(ground plane). It is used for testing ESAs (see Figure 1 of Appendix
3 to this Annex)).
9.2. Field strengthmeasurement in a TEM cell
9.2.1. The electric field in the TEM cell shall be determined by using the
equation:
Ejj¼ﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃ ﬃ
P/C2ZðÞp
d
E = Electric field (volts/metre)
P = Power flowing into cell (W)
Z = Impedance of cell (50 Ω)
d = Separation distance (metres) between the upper wall and the
plate (septum).
9.2.2. Alternatively an appropriate field strengthsensor sh all be placed in
the upper half of the TEM cell. In this part of the TEM cell the elec-
tronic control unit(s) has only a small influence on the test field. The
output of this sensor shall determine the field strength.
9.3. Dimensions of TEM cell
In order to maintain a homogeneous field in the TEM cell and to
obtain repeatable measurement results, the test object shall not be
larger than one-third of the cell inside height. Recommended TEM
cell dimensions are given in Appendix 3, Figures 2 and 3 to this
Annex.
9.4. Power, signal and control wires
The TEM cell shall be attached to a co-axial socket panel and
connected as closely as possible to a plug connector withan adequate
number of pins. The supply and signal leads from the plug connector
in the cell wall shall be directly connected to the test object.
The external components such as sensors, power supply and control
elements can be connected:
(a) to a screened peripheral;
(b) to a vehicle next to the TEM cell;
or
(c) directly to the screened patchboard.
Screened cables must be used in connecting the TEM cell to the
peripheral or the vehicle if the vehicle or peripheral is not in the
same or adjacent screened room.
10.Bulkcurrentinjectiontesting
10.1. Test method
This is a method of carrying out immunity tests by inducing currents
directly into a wiring harness using a current injection probe. The
injection probe consists of a coupling clamp through which the cables
of the ESA under test are passed. Immunity tests can then be carried
out by varying the frequency of the induced signals.
The ESA under test may be installed on a ground plane as in para-
graph 8.2.1 or in a vehicle in accordance with the vehicle design
specification.
10.2. Calibration of bulk current injection probe prior to commencing tests
The injection probe shall be mounted in a calibration jig. Whilst
sweeping the test frequency range, the power required to achieve the
current specified in Annex I, paragraph6.7.2.1 sh all be monitored.
This method calibrates the bulk current injection system forward
power versus current prior to testing, and it is this forward power
which shall be applied to the injection probe when connected to the
ESA under test via the cables used during calibration. It should be
noted that the monitored power applied to the injection probe is the
forward power.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 59
▼M4
10.3. Installation of the ESA under test
For an ESA mounted on a ground plane as in paragraph8.2.1 all
cables in the wiring harness should be terminated as realistically as
possible and preferably withreal loads and actuators. For bothveh icle
mounted and ground plane mounted ESAs the current injection probe
shall be mounted in turn around all the wires in the wiring harness to
eachconnector and 150 ± 10mm from eachconnector of th e ESA
under test electronic control units (ECU), instrument modules or
active sensors as illustrated in Figure 1 of Appendix 2.
10.4. Power, signal and control wires
For an ESA under test mounted on a ground plane as in paragraph
8.2.1, a wiring harness shall be connected between an artificial
network (AN) and the principal electronic control unit (ECU). This
harness shall run parallel to the edge of the ground plane and
200 mm minimum from its edge. This harness shall contain the power
feed wire which is used to connect the vehicle battery to this ECU
and the power return wire if used on the vehicle.
The distance from the ECU to the AN shall be 1,0 ± 0,1 m or shall be
the harness length between the ECU and the battery as used on the
vehicle, if known, whichever is the shorter. If a vehicle harness is
used then any line branches which occur in this length shall be routed
along the ground plane but perpendicular away from the edge of the
ground plane. Otherwise the ESA under test wires which are in this
length shall break out at the AN.1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 60
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Appendix 1
Figure1
150 mm Stripline testing
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 61
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Appendix 1
Figure2
150 mm Stripline testing1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 62
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Appendix 1
Figure3
800 mm Stripline testing
1 = Ground plate
2 = Main loom and sensor/actuator cables
3 = Wooden frame4 = Driven plate
5 = Insulator
6 = Test object1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 63
▼M4
Appendix 1
Figure4
800 mm Stripline dimensions
1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 64
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Appendix 2
Figure1
Example of BCI test configuration
1 = DUT
2 = RF measuring probe (optional)
3 = RF injection probe4 = Artifical network5 = Shielded room filter network
6 = Power source
7 = DUT interface: stimulation and monitoring equipment8 = Signal generator
9 = Broadband amplifier
10 = RF 50 Ωdirectional complex
11 = RF power level measuring device or equivalent12 = Spectrum analyser or equivalent (optional)
Example of BCI test configuration1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 65
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Appendix 3
Figure1
TEM cell resting
1 = Outer conducter, shield
2 = Inner conducter (septum)3 = Insulator
4 = Input
5 = Insulator6 = Door7 = Socket panel
8 = Test object power supply
9 = Terminating resistance 50 Ω
10 = Insulation
11 = Test object (maximum height one third of distance between cell floor and septum)1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 66
▼M4
Appendix 3
Figure2
Design of rectangular TEM cell1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 67
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Appendix 3
Figure3
The following table shows the dimensions for constructing a cell with specified
upper frequency limits:
Upper frequency
(MHz)Cell form factor
W: bCell form factor
L/WPlate separation
b (cm)Septum
S (cm)
200 1,69 0,66 56 70
200 1,00 1 60 50
Typical TEM cell dimensions1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 68
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Appendix 4
Figure1
Free field ESA immunity test
Test layout (general plan view)1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 69
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Appendix 4
Figure2
Free field ESA immunity test
View of test benchplane of longitudinal symmetry1975L0322 — EN — 19.02.2001 — 004.001 — 70