1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of27July1976
ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtotheinstallationoflightingand
light-signallingdevicesonmotorvehiclesandtheir trailers
(76/756/EEC)
(OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Directive 80/233/EEC of 21 November 1979 L 51 8 25.2.1980
►M2Commission Directive 82/244/EEC of 17 March 1982 L 109 31 22.4.1982
►M3Council Directive 83/276/EEC of 26 May 1983 L 151 47 9.6.1983
►M4Commission Directive 84/8/EEC of 14 December 1983 L 9 24 12.1.1984
►M5Commission Directive 89/278/EEC of 28 March 1989 L 109 38 20.4.1989
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 111, 30.4.1980, p. 22 (80/233/EEC)
►C2Corrigendum, OJ L 131, 17.5.1984, p. 50 (84/8/EEC)
►C3Corrigendum, OJ L 135, 22.5.1984, p. 27 (84/8/EEC)
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of27July1976
on the approximationof the lawsofthe Member States relating to
the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices on motor
vehiclesandtheirtrailers
(76/756/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(2),
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
pursuant to national laws relate inter alia to the installation of lighting
and light-signalling devices;
Whereasthos e requirementsdiffer from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the samerequirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules, in
order, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval proccedure which
wasthe s ubject of Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970on the approximation of the lawsof the Member Statesrelating to thetype-approval of motor vehiclesand their trailers (
3), to be introduced
in respect of each type of vehicle;
Whereascommon requirementsfor the cons truction of lighting and
light-signalling devices will be the subject of further special Directives;
Whereasapproximation of the national lawsrelating to motor vehicles
entailsmutual recognition by the Member Statesof the checkscarriedout by each of them on the basis of the common requirements;whereas, if the system is to function properly, these requirementsmust be applied from the same date,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any motor vehicle
intended for use on the road, with or without bodywork, having at least
four wheels and a maximum design speed exceeding 25 kilometres perhours, and its trailers, with the exception of vehicles which run on rails,agricultural or forestry tractors and machinery, and public-works vehi-cles.
Article 2
1. No Member State may:
— refuse, in respect of a type of vehicle, to grant EEC type-approval
or national type-approval, or
— refuse or prohibit the sale, registration, entry into service or use of
vehicles,
on groundsrelating to the ins tallation on the vehiclesof the lighting
and light-signalling devices, whether mandatory or optional, listed in1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 55, 13. 5. 1974, p. 14.
(2) OJ No C 109, 19. 9. 1974, p. 22.
(3) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.▼M3
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items 1.5.7 to 1.5.20 of Annex I if these devices are installed in accor-
dance with the requirementss et out in Annex I.
2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, compliance with the
provisions of item 4.2.6 of Annex I shall be required only with effect
from 1 October 1984. However, where devices such as those referredto in item 4.2.6.2 are installed before that date, they must satisfy therequirementss et out in item 4.2.6. Where EEC type-approval (or theissue of the document referred to in the last indent of Article 10 (1)of Directive 70/156/EEC) or national type-approval wasgranted after
1 October 1979 and before 1 October 1984 in respect of a vehicle
type that doesnot comply with the requirementsreferred to in para-graph 1, Member States may prohibit the first entry into service ofvehiclesof that type with effect from 1 October 1987.
Article 3
A Member State which hasgranted EEC type-approval s hall take the
necessary measures to ensure that it is informed of any modificationto any of the partsor characteris ticsreferred to in item 1.1 of Annex
I. The competent authoritiesof that Member State s hall determine
whether further tests should be carried out on the modified vehicletype and a fresh report drawn up. Where such tests reveal failure tocomply with the requirementsof thisDirective, the modification s hallnot be approved.
Article 4
Any amendments necessary in order to adjust the content of the
Annexes to take account of technical progress shall be adopted inaccordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Directive
70/156/EEC.
Article 5
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in
order to comply with thisDirective not later than 1 October 1983. Theyshall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Once thisDirective hasbeen notified to the Member States (
1)
they shall ensure that the Commission is informed, in sufficient timeto enable it to submit its comments, of any draft laws, regulations oradministrative provisions which they intend to adopt in the field
covered by thisDirective.
Article►
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This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 3
(1) ThisDirective wasnotified to the Member Stateson 1 June 1983.▼B
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ANNEX I
INSTALLATIONOFLIGHTINGANDLIGHT-SIGNALLINGDEVICES
1. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Directive:
1.1. Vehicle type with regard to the installation of lighting and
light-signallingdevices
Vehicle type with regard to the installation of lighting and light-
signalling devices means vehicles which do not differ in theessential respects mentioned in Items 1.1.1 - 1.1.4.
The following are likewise considered not to be ‘vehicles of a
different type’: vehicleswhich differ within the meaning of
Items1.1.1 - 1.1.4, but not in s uch a way asto entail a change
in the type, number, positioning and geometric visibility of the
lampsand the inclination of the dipped beam pres cribed for the
vehicle type in question, and vehicles on which optional lamps
are fitted or are absent.
1.1.2. the number and positioning of the devices;
1.1.2. the number and positioning of the devices;
the following are likewise considered not to be ‘vehicles of a
different type’: vehicleswhich differ within the meaning of
1.1.1 and 1.1.2 but not in such a way as to entail a change in
the type, number, positioning and geometric visibility of the
lamps prescribed for the vehicle type in question, and vehicles
on which optional lampsare fitted or are abs ent;
1.1.3. the headlamp levelling system;
1.1.4. the suspension system.
1.2. Transverseplane
‘Transverse plane’ means a vertical plane perpendicular to the
median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
1.3. Unladenvehicle
‘Unladen vehicle’ meansthe vehicle in running order, asdefined
in item 2.6 of Annex I, model information document, to Direc-
tive 70/156/EEC, but without driver.
1.4. Ladenvehicle
‘Laden vehicle’ meansthe vehicle loaded to itstechnically
permissible maximum weight, as stated by the manufacturer,
who shall also fix the distribution of this weight between the
axlesin accordance with the method des cribed in Appendix 1.
1.5. Lamp
‘Lamp’ meansa device des igned to illuminate the road (head-
lamp) or to emit a light signal. Rear registration plate lamps
and reflex reflectors shall likewise be regarded as lamps.
1.5.0. Light source with regardto filament lamps
‘Light source with regard to filament lamps’ means the filament
itself. (Where a lamp has several filaments, each one shall
constitute a light source.)1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 4
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1.5.1. Equivalent lamps
‘Equivalent lamps’ means lamps having the same function and
authorized in the country in which the vehicle isregis tered;
such lamps may have different characteristics from those
installed on the vehicle when it is approved on condition that
they satisfy the requirements of this Annex.
1.5.2. Independent lamps (1)
‘Independent lamp’ meansdeviceshaving s eparate illuminating
surfaces, separate light sources and separate lamp bodies.
1.5.3. Groupedlamps (1)
‘Grouped lamps’ means devices ►C2having separate illumi-
nating surfaces ◄and a separate light source, but a common
lamp body.
1.5.4. Combinedlamps (1)
‘Combined lamps’ means devices having separate illuminating
surfaces, but a common light source and a common lamp body.
1.5.5. Mutually incorporatedlamps (1)
‘Mutually incorporated lamps’ means devices having separate
light sources or a single light source operating under different
conditions(e.g. optical, mechanical or electrical differences ),
totally or partially common illuminating surfaces and a common
lamp body.
1.5.6. Device
Device means a lighting or light-signalling device comprising at
least a light source (and, in certain cases, an optical system), a
light-emitting surface and a housing. A device may consist of
one or several lamps; if it consists of several lamps these may
be grouped together, combined, or reciprocally incorporated.
1.5.7. Single-function lamp
Single-function lamp meansa part of a device which performsa
single lighting or light-signalling function.
►M51.5.8.◄Concealable illuminating lamp
‘Concealable illuminating lamp’ meansa headlamp capable of
being partly or completely hidden when not in use. This result
may be achieved by meansof a movable cover, by dis placement
of the headlamp or by any other suitable means. The term
‘retractable’ is used more particularly to describe a concealable
lamp the displacement of which enables it to be inserted within
the bodywork.
►M51.5.9.◄Main-beam headlamp
‘Main-beam headlamp’ meansthe lamp us ed to illuminate the
road over a long distance ahead of the vehicle.
►M51.5.10.◄Dipped-beam headlamp
‘Dipped-Beam headlamp’ meansthe lamp us ed to illuminate the
road ahead of the vehicle without causing undue dazzle or
discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road-users.
►M51.5.11.◄Front fog lamp
‘Front fog lamp’ meansthe lamp us ed to improve the illumina-
tion of the road in case of fog, snowfall, rainstorms or dust
clouds.
►M51.5.12.◄Reversing lamp
‘Reversing lamp’ means the lamp used to illuminate the road to
the rear of the vehicle and to warn other road-users that the
vehicle is reversing or about to reverse.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 5
(1) In the case of lighting devices for the rear number plate and the direction indicators
(category 5), ►C2(category 5), replace ‘illuminating surface’ by ‘light-emitting
surface’◄in the absence of an illuminating surface.▼M4
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►M51.5.13.◄Direction indicator lamp
‘Direction indicator lamp’ meansthe lamp us ed to indicate to
other road-users that the driver intends to change direction to
the right or to the left.
►M51.5.14.◄Hazardwarning signal
‘Hazard warning signal’ means the simultaneous operation of all
of a vehicle'sdirection indicator lampsto draw attention to the
fact that the vehicle temporarily constitutes a special danger to
other road-users.
►M51.5.15.◄Stop lamp
‘Stop lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate to other road-users
to the rear of the vehicle that the latter'sdriver isapplying the
service brake.
►M51.5.16.◄Rear registration plate lamp
‘Rear registration plate lamp’ means the device used to illumi-
nate the space intended to accommodate the rear registration
plate; it may consist of different optical elements.
►M51.5.17.◄Front position (side) lamp
‘Front position (side) lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate the
presence and the width of the vehicle when the latter is viewed
from the front.
►M51.5.18.◄Rear position (side) lamp
‘Rear position (side) lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate the
presence and the width of the vehicle when the latter is viewed
from the rear.
►M51.5.19.◄Rear fog lamp
‘Rear fog lamp’ meansthe lamp us ed to render the vehicle more
readily visible from the rear in dense fog.
►M51.5.20.◄Parking lamp
‘Parking lamp’ meansthe lamp us ed to draw attention to the
presence of a stationary vehicle in a built-up area. In such
circumstances it replaces the front and rear position (side) lamps.
►M51.5.21.◄End-outline marker lamp
‘End-outline marker lamp’ meansthe lampsfitted to the extreme
outer edge as close as possible to the top of the vehicle and
intended clearly to indicate the vehicle'soverall width. This
signal is intended, for certain vehicles and trailers, to comple-
ment the vehicle's front and rear position (side) lamps by
drawing particular attention to itsbulk.
►M51.5.22.◄Reflex reflector
‘Reflex reflector’ means a device used to indicate the presence of
a vehicle by the reflection of light emanating from a light source
not connected to the vehicle, the observer being situated near the
source.
For the purposes of this Directive the following are not consid-
ered asreflex reflectors :
— retro-reflecting nunber plates,
— the retro-reflecting signals mentioned in the ADR (European
Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous
goodsby road),
— other retro-reflecting plates and signals which must be used
to comply with a Member State's specifications for use as
regardscertain categoriesof vehiclesor certain methodsof
operation.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 6
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1.6. Illuminatingsurfaceofalamp
1.6.1. Illuminating surface of a lighting device
‘Illuminating surface of a lighting device’ (1.5.7 to 1.5.10)
meansthe orthogonal projection of the full aperture of the
reflector in a transverse plane. If the lighting device has no
reflector, the definition of item 1.6.2 shall be applied. If the
lamp glass (or glasses) extend(s) over part only of the full aper-
ture of the reflector, then the projection of that part only istaken
into account.
In the case of a dipped-beam headlamp, the illuminating surface
islimited by the apparent trace of the cut-off on to the lens . If
the reflector and glass are adjustable relative to one another, the
mean adjustment should be used.
1.6.2. Illuminating surface of a signalling lamp other than a reflex
reflector
‘Illuminating surface of a signalling lamp other than a reflex
reflector’ (1.5.11 to 1.5.19) meansthe orthogonal projection of
the lamp in a plane perpendicular to itsaxisof reference and in
contact with the exterior light-emitting surface of the lamp, this
projection being bounded by the edges of screens situated in this
plane, each allowing only 98% of the total luminousintens ity of
the light to persist in the direction of the axis of reference. To
determine the lower, upper and lateral limitsof the illuminating
surface, only screens with horizontal or vertical edges shall be
used.
1.6.3. Illuminating surface of a reflex reflector
‘Illuminating surface of a reflex reflector’ (1.5.20) means the
illuminating surface of a reflex reflector in a plane perpendicular
to the axisof reference and bounded by planestouching the outer
edgesof the light projection s urface of the reflex reflector and
parallel to thisaxis . To determine the lower, upper and lateral
limitsof the illuminating s urface, only vertical and horizontal
planes shall be used.
1.6.4. Apparent surface
‘Apparent surface’, for a defined direction of observation, means
the orthogonal projection of the light-emitting surface in a plane
perpendicular to the direction of observation (see drawing in
Appendix 2) and tangential to the most exterior point of the lens.
1.6.5. Light-emitting surface
‘Light-emitting surface’ means all or part of the exterior surface
of the translucent material which helps to confer on the light its
particular photometric and colorimetric properties.
When only part of the exterior surface emits light, the light-emit-
ting surface shall, in case of doubt, be specified by the
competent authority after consultation with the vehicle and/or
component manufacturer.
1.7. Axisofreference
‘Axisof reference’ meansthe characteris tic axisof the light
signal, determined by the manufacturer for use as the direction
of reference (H = 0º, V = 0º) for photometric measurements and
when fitting the lamp on the vehicle.
1.8. Centreofreference
‘Centre of reference’ meansthe inters ection of the axisof refer-
ence with the light-emitting surface. This centre of reference is
to be specified by the manufacturer of the lamp.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 7
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1.9. Anglesofgeometric visibility
‘Anglesof geometric vis ibility’ meansthe angleswhich deter-
mine the field of the minimum solid angle in which the
apparent surface of the lamp must be visible. That field of the
solid angle is determined by the segments of the sphere of which
the centre coincideswith the centre of reference of the lamp and
the equator is parallel with the ground. These segments are deter-
mined in relation to the axisof reference. The horizontal angles
βcorrespond to the longitude and the vertical angles αto the lati-
tude. There must be no obstacle on the inside of the angles of
geometric visibility to the propagation of light from any part of
the apparent surface of the lamp observed from infinity.
If measurements are taken closer to the lamp, the direction of
observation must be shifted parallel to achieve the same accu-
racy.
On the inside of the angles of geometric visibility no account is
taken of obstacles, if they were already presented when the lamp
wastype-approved.
If, when the lamp is installed, any part of the apparent surface of
the lamp ishidden by any further partsof the vehicle, proof s hall
be furnished that the part of the lamp not hidden by obstacles
still conforms to the photometric values prescribed for the
approval of the device asan optical unit (s ee figure below).
1.10. Extremeouteredge
‘Extreme outer edge’ on either side of the vehicle means the
plane parallel with the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle
and coinciding with itslateral outer edge, dis regarding the
projection:
1.10.1. of tyresnear their point of contact with the ground, and connec-
tions for tyre-pressure gauges;
1.10.2. of any anti-skid devices which may be mounted on the wheels;
1.10.3. of rear-view mirrors;1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 8
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1.10.4. of side direction indicator lamps, end-outline marker lamps, front
and rear position (side) lamps, parking lamps and reflex reflec-
tors;
1.10.5. of customs seals affixed to the vehicle, and devices for securing
and protecting such seals.
1.11. Overallwidth
‘Overall width’ meansthe dis tance between the two vertical
planesdefined in 1.10.
1.12. Asinglelamp
►M5‘A single lamp’ means a single-function lamp or any
combination of lamps, whether identical or not, having the same
function and emitting light of the same colour, if it comprises
devices, ◄the projection of whose aggregate illuminating
surfaces in a given transverse plane occupies 60 % or more of
the area of the smallest rectangle circumscribing the projections
of those illuminating surfaces, provided that such combination is,
where approval isrequired, approved asa s ingle lamp.
This possible combination does not apply to main-beam head-
lamps, dipped-beam headlamps and front fog lamps.
1.13. Twolampsoranevennumberoflamps
‘Two lamps’ or ‘an even number of lamps’ means a single
►M1►C1illuminating surface ◄◄in the shape of a band
if placed symmetrically in relation to the median longitudinal
plane of the vehicle and extending on both sides to within not
less than 400 mm of the extreme outer edge of the vehicle, and
being not less than 800 mm long. The illumination of such a
surface shall be provided by not less than two light sources
placed as close as possible to its ends. The
►M1►C1illuminating surface ◄◄ may be constituted by
a number of juxtaposed elements on condition that the projec-
tionsof the s everal individual ►M1►C1illuminating
surfaces ◄◄ on the same transverse plane occupy not less
than 60% of the area of the smallest rectangle circumscribing
the projectionsof thos e individual ►M1►C1illuminating
surfaces ◄◄.
1.14. Distancebetweentwolamps
‘Distance between two lamps’ which face in the same direction
means the shortest distance between the orthogonal projections in
a plane perpendicular to the axesof reference of the outlinesof
the two illuminating surfaces as defined according to the case
mentioned in 1.6. The distance between two lamps may,
however, be measured without determining the outlines of the
illuminating surfaces exactly, where the distance is clearly in
excess of the minimum requirements of the Directive.
1.15. Optionallamp
‘Optional lamp’ meansa lamp the pres ence of which isleft of
the discretion of the manufacturer.
1.16. Operationaltell-tale
‘Operational tell-tale’ meansa light or auditory device s howing
whether a device that hasbeen actuated isoperating correctly or
not.
1.17. Circuit-closedtell-tale
‘Circuit-closed tell-tale’ means a light showing that a device has
been switched on but not showing whether it is operating
correctly or not.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 9
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1.18. Ground
‘Ground’ means the surface on which the vehicle stands which
should be substantially horizontal.
2. APPLICATION FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
2.1. The application for EEC approval of a vehicle type with regard
to the installation of its lighting and light-signalling devices shall
be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or his representative.
2.2. It shall be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate,
and by the following particulars:
2.2.1. a description of the vehicle type in accordance with the points
listed in 1.1, together with the restrictions on loading, particu-
larly the maximum permissible load in the boot;
2.2.2. a list of devices prescribed by the manufacturer for the lighting
and light-signalling assembly. The list may include several types
of device for each operation. Each type must be duly identified
(component type-approval mark, name of manufacturer, etc.);
2.2.3. layout drawing of the lighting and light-signalling equipment as
a whole, showing the position of the various lamps on the
vehicle;
2.2.4. lay out drawing(s) for each individual lamp showing the illumi-
nating surfaces as defined in Item 1.6, the axis of reference as
defined in Item 1.7 and the centre of reference asdefined in
Item 1.8.
This information is not necessary in the case of the rear registra-
tion plate lamp (Item 1.5.14).
2.3. An unladen vehicle fitted with lighting and light-signalling
equipment as described in 2.2.2 and representative of the vehicle
type to be approved, must be submitted to the technical authority
conducting approval tests.
2.4. The document provided for in Annex II shall be attached to the
type-approval document.
3. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
3.1. The lighting and light-signalling devices must be so fitted that
under normal conditions of use, and notwithstanding any vibra-
tion to which they may be subjected, they retain the
characteristics laid down in this Annex and enable the vehicle
to comply with the requirementsof thisAnnex. In particular, it
shall not be possible for the adjustment of the lamps to be inad-
vertently disturbed.
3.2. The illuminating lamps described in 1.5.7, 1.5.8 and 1.5.9 must
be so fitted that a correct setting of their alignment can easily
be performed.
3.3. For all light-signalling devices, including those mounted on the
side panels, the reference axis of the lamp when fitted to the
vehicle must be parallel with the bearing plane of the vehicleon the road; in addition, it must be perpendicular to the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle in the case of side reflex reflec-
tors and parallel to that plane in the case of all other signalling
devices. In each direction a tolerance of ±3º shall be allowed. In
addition, any specific instructions as regards fitting laid down by
the manufacturer must be complied with.
3.4. In the absence of specific requirements, the height and alignment
of the lampss hall be checked with the unladen vehicle placed on
a flat, horizontal surface.
3.5. In the absence of specific requirements, lamps constituting a pair
shall:
3.5.1. be fitted to the vehicle symmetrically in relation to the median
longitudinal plane (this estimate to be based on the exterior1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 10
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geometrical form of the lamp and not on the edge of itsillumi-
nating surface referred to in 1.6);
3.5.2. be symmetrical to one another in relation to the median longitu-
dinal plane; thisrequirement isnot valid with regard to the
interior structure of the lamp;
3.5.3. satisfy the same colorimetric characteristics;
3.5.4. have substantially identical photometric characteristics.3.6. On vehicles whose external shape is asymmetrical, the above
requirements shall be satisfied as far as possible.
3.7. Lampshaving different functionsmay be independent or be
grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated in one device,
provided that each such lamp complies with the requirements
applicable to it.
3.8. The maximum height above ground shall be measured from the
highest point and the minimum height from the lowest point ofthe illuminating surface.
In the case of dipped headlamps, the minimum height in relation
to the ground is measured from the lowest edge of the reflector.
3.8.1. The position, as regards width, will be determined from the edge
of the illuminating surface which is the furthest from the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle when referred to the overall
width, and from the inner edgesof the illuminating s urfaces
when referred to the distance between the lamps.
3.9. In the absence of specific requirements no lamps other than
direction indicator lampsand the hazard warning s ignal may
emit a flashing light.
3.10. No red light which could give rise to confusion shall be emitted
from a lamp asdefined in 1.5 in a forward direction, and no
white light which could give rise to confusion, other than from
the reversing lamp, shall be emitted from a lamp as defined in
1.5 in a rearward direction. No account shall be taken of lighting
devicesfitted in the interior of the vehicle. Thisrequirement is
considered to have been met if:
3.10.1. ►
C1for the visibility of any red light ◄towardsthe front:
there must be no direct visibility of a light-emitting surface of a
red lamp if viewed by an observer moving within Zone 1 in a
transverse plane situated 25 m in front of the vehicle (see
Appendix 3, figure 1);
3.10.2. ►C1for the visibility of any white light ◄towardsthe rear:
there must be no direct visibility of a light-emitting surface of a
white lamp if viewed by an observer moving within Zone 2 in a
transverse plane situated 25 m behind the vehicle (see Appendix
3, figure 2).
3.10.3. Zones 1 and 2, as seen by the observer, are limited in their
respective planes as follows:
3.10.3.1. asregardsheight, by two horizontal planeswhich are 1 and 2·2 m
respectively above the ground;
3.10.3.2. asregardswidth, by two vertical planeswhich make an angle of
15º towards the front and rear respectively, and outside the
vehicle by reference to the median plane of the vehicle, passing
through the point (or points) of contacts of vertical planes which
are parallel with the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle,
and limiting the overall width of the vehicle.
If there are several points of contact, the one which is furthest
forward shall correspond to the front plane and the one furthest
rearward shall correspond to the rear plane.
3.11. The electrical connections must be such that the front and rear
position (side) lamps, the end-outline marker lamps if they exist,1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 11
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and the rear registration plate lamp can only be switched on and
off simultaneously.
This is not valid when using front and rear position (side) lamps
asparking lamps .
3.12. The electrical connections must be such that the main-beam and
dipped-beam headlamps, and the front and rear fog lamps cannot
be switched on unless the lamps referred to in 3.11 are also
switched on. This requirement shall not apply, however, to
main-beam or dipped-beam headlampswhen their luminous
warnings consist of the intermittent lighting up at short intervals
of the main-beam headlampsor the intermittent lighting up at
short intervals of the dipped-beam headlamps or the alternate
lighting up at short intervals of the main-beam and dipped beam
headlamps.
3.13. The coloursof the light emitted by the lampsor reflectorsare as
follows:
— main-beam headlamp: white or selective yellow,
— dipped-beam headlamp: white or selective yellow,
— front fog lamp: white or yellow,— reversing lamp: white,
— direction indicator lamp: amber,
— hazard warning signal: amber,— stop lamp: red,
— rear registration plate lamp: white,
— front position (side) lamp: white; selective yellow is permitted if the
front position (side) lamp is incorporated
in a selective yellow headlamp,
— rear position (side) lamp: red,
— rear fog lamp: red,
— parking lamp: white in front, red at the rear, amber if
incorporated in the side direction indi-
cator lamps,
— end-outline marker lamp: white in front, red at the rear,
— rear reflex reflector, non-triangular: red,
— rear reflex reflector, triangular: red,— front reflex reflector, non-trian-
gular (
1): identical to incident light,
— side reflex reflector, non-triangular: amber.
(1) Also known as ‘white’ or ‘colourless’ reflector.
However, as long as all the requirements necessary for obtaining
EEC vehicle type-approval do not apply, the choice of the colour
of the light emitted by main-beam and dipped-beam headlamps
and front fog lamps shall be left to the Member States.
3.14. The function of the circuit-closed tell-tales may be fulfilled by
operational tell-tales.
3.15. Concealablelamps
3.15.1. The concealment of lampss hall be prohibited, with the exception
of the main-beam headlamp, the dipped-beam headlamp and the
front fog lamp, which may be concealed when not in use.
3.15.2. An illuminating device in the position of use shall remain in that
position if the malfunction referred to in 3.15.2.1 occurs alone or
in conjunction with one of the malfunctionsdes cribed in
3.15.2.2:
3.15.2.1. the absence of power for manipulating the lamp:
3.15.2.2. a break, impedance, or short-circuit to earth in the electrical
circuit, defectsin the hydraulic or pneumatic leads , Bowden1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 12
▼B
▼B
cables, solenoids or other components controlling or transmitting
the energy intended to activate the concealment device.
3.15.3. In the event of a defect in the concealment control or other
defectsreferred to in points3.15.2.1 and 3.15.2.2, a concealed
lighting device shall be capable of being moved into the position
of use without the aid of tools.
3.15.4. It must be possible to move illuminating devices into the position
of use and to switch them on by means of a single control,
without excluding the possibility of moving them into the posi-
tion of use without switching them on. However, in the case of
grouped-main-beam and dipped-beam headlamps, the control
referred to above isrequired only to activate the dipped-beam
headlamps.
3.15.5. It must not be possible deliberately, from the driver's seat, to
stop the movement of switched-on headlamps before they reach
the position of use. If there is a danger of dazzling other road
users by the movement of headlamps, they may light up only
when they have reached their final position.
3.15.6. When the concealment device hasa temperature of − 30 to + 50 ºC
the headlamp must be capable of reaching the fully-open position
within three seconds of initial operation of the control.
3.16. Numberoflamps
The number of lampsmounted on the vehicle s hall be equal to
the number(s) specified ►C1in subparagraph 2 of items 4.1 to
4.17.◄
4. INDIVIDUAL SPECIFICATIONS
4.1. Main-beamheadlamp
4.1.1. Presence
Mandatory on motor vehicles.Prohibited on trailers.
4.1.2. Number
2o r4Where a vehicle isfitted with four concealable main-beam head-
lampsthe ins tallation of two additional main-beam headlamps
shall only be authorized for the purpose of light signalling (as
defined in item 3.12.) in daylight.
4.1.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.1.4. Position
4.1.4.1. Width:
The outer edges of the illuminating surface must in no case be
closer to the extreme outer edge of the vehicle than the outer
edges of the illuminating surface of the dipped-beam headlamps.
4.1.4.2. Height:
No individual specifications.
4.1.4.3. Length:
at the front of the vehicle and fitted in such a way that the light
emitted does not cause discomfort to the driver either directly or
indirectly through the rear-view mirrorsand/or other reflecting
surfaces of the vehicles.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 13
▼M1
▼B
▼M1
▼B
▼M5
▼B
▼M1
▼M1
4.1.5. Geometric visibility
The visibility of the illuminating surface, including its visibility
in areaswhich do not appear to be illuminated in the direction of
observation considered, must be ensured within a divergent space
defined by generating linesbas ed on the perimeter of the illumi-
nating surface and forming an angle of not less than 5 º with the
axisof reference of the headlamp. The origin of the anglesof
geometric visibility is the perimeter of the projection of the illu-
minating surface on a transverse plane tangent to the foremost
part of the lensof the headlamp.
4.1.6. Alignment
Towardsthe front.Apart from the devices necessary to maintain correct adjustment,
and when there are two pairs of headlamps, one pair, consisting
of headlampsfunctioning asmain-beam headlampsonly may
swivel, according to the angle of lock of the steering, about an
axisvery near the vertical.
4.1.7. May be ‘grouped’
with the dipped-beam headlamp and the other front lamps.
4.1.8. May not be ‘combined’
with any other lamp.
4.1.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
4.1.9.1. with the dipped-beam headlamp, unless the main-beam headlamp
swivels according to the angle of lock of the steering;
4.1.9.2. with the front position (side lamp;4.1.9.3. with the front fog lamp;4.1.9.4. with the parking lamp.4.1.10. Electrical connections
4.1.10.1. The main-beam headlamps may be switched on either simulta-
neously or in pairs. For changing over from the dipped to the
main beam at least one pair of main beams must be switched
on. For changing over from the main to the dipped beam all
main-beam headlamps must be switched off simultaneously.
4.1.10.2. The dipped beams may remain switched on at the same time as
the main beams.
4.1.10.3. Where four concealable main-beam headlampsare fitted their
raised position must prevent the simultaneous operation of any
additional main-beam headlampsfitted, if thes e are intended to
provide light signals (as defined in item 3.12) in daylight.
4.1.11. Tell-tale
Circuit-closed tell-tale mandatory.
4.1.12. Other requirements
4.1.12.1. The aggregate maximum intensity of the headlamp beams which
can be switched on simultaneously must not exceed 225 000 cd.
4.1.12.2. This maximum intensity shall be obtained by adding together the
individual maximum intensities measured at the time of compo-
nent type-approval and shown on the relevant approval
certificates.
4.2. Dipped-beamheadlamp
4.2.1. Presence
Mandatory on motor vehicles.Prohibited on trailers.
4.2.2. Number
Two.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 14
▼B
▼M5
▼M1
▼B
▼B
4.2.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.2.4. Position
4.2.4.1. Width:
The edge of the illuminating surface which is farthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t be not more than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
The inner edges of the illuminating surfaces must be not less
than 600 mm apart.
4.2.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 500 mm and not more than
1 200 mm.
4.2.4.3. Length:
At the front of the vehicle; thisrequirement s hall be regarded as
satisfied if the light emitted does not cause discomfort to the
driver either directly, or indirectly through the rear-view mirrors
and/or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.
4.2.5. Geometric visibility
Defined by angles αandβass pecified in 1.9:
α= 15 º upwardsand 10 º downwards ,
β= 45 º outwardsand 10 º inwards .
Since the photometric valuesrequired for dipped-beam head-
lampsdo not cover the full geometric field of vis ion, a
minimum value of 1 cd in the space remaining is required for
type-approval purposes. The presence of panels or other items
of equipment near the light must not give rise to secondary
effects causing discomfort to other road users.
4.2.6. Alignment
4.2.6.1. After adjustment of the initial inclination, the vertical inclination
of the dipped beam shall be measured in static conditions under
all the loading conditionsdefined in Appendix 1. It s hall remain
between − 0·5 and − 2·5 % without manual adjustment. Initial
adjustment shall be between − 1 and − 1·5 % in the ‘unladen
vehicle’ state with one person in the driving seat. The initial
adjustments for each type of vehicle must be specified by the
manufacturer and must be indicated in a clearly legible and
indelible manner on each vehicle close to either the headlamp
or the manufacturer's plate by the symbol shown in Appendix 6.
4.2.6.2. The preceding condition may be satisfied by means of a device
acting on the relative position of the headlamp and the vehicle.
In the case of this device failing the beam must not return to a
position less inclined downwards than its position at the time of
failure of the device.
4.2.6.2.1. The device mentioned in 4.2.6.2 must be automatic.
4.2.6.2.2. Devices which are adjusted manually, either continuously or
non-continuously, shall nevertheless be permitted, provided they
have a stop position at which the lamps can be returned to the
initial inclination defined in Item 4.2.6.1 by meansof the us ual
adjusting screws. These manually adjustable devices must be
operable from the driving seat. Continually adjustable devices
must have reference marks indicating the loading conditions
that require adjustment of the dipped beam.
The number of positions on devices which are not continuously
adjustable must be such as to ensure compliance, starting from
an initial inclination of between − 1 and 1·5 %; with the range
of valuesbetween − 0·5 and − 2·5 % for the loading conditions
defined in Appendix 1. For these devices also, the loading condi-
tions that require adjustment of the dipped beam shall be clearly
marked near the control of the device (see Appendix 7).1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 15
▼M1
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼M2
▼M2
4.2.6.2.3. The measurement of the variation of dipped beam inclination as
a function of load must be carried out in accordance with the test
procedure set out in Appendix 5.
4.2.7. May be ‘grouped’
with the main-beam headlamp and the other front lamps.
4.2.8. May be not ‘combined’
with any other lamp.
4.2.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
4.2.9.1. with the main-beam headlamp, unless the latter swivels
according to the angle of lock of the steering;
4.2.9.2. with the other front lamps.4.2.10. Electrical connections
The control for changing over to the dipped beam must switch
off all main-beam headlamps simultaneously.
The dipped beams may remain switched on at the same time as
the main beams.
4.2.11. Tell-tale
Tell-tale optional.
4.2.12. Other requirements
The requirementsof 3.5.2 s hall not apply to dipped-beam head-
lamps.
4.3. Frontfoglamp
4.3.1. Presence
Optional on motor vehicles.Prohibited on trailers.
4.3.2. Number
Two.
4.3.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.3.4. Position
4.3.4.1. Width:
The point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t be not more than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
4.3.4.2. Height:
Not less than 250 mm above the ground.
No point on the illuminating surface must be higher than the
highest point on the illuminating surface of the dipped-beam
headlamp.
4.3.4.3. Length:
At the front of the vehicle: this requirement shall be considered
to be satisfied if the light emitted does not cause discomfort to
the driver either directly or indirectly through the rear-viewmirrorsand/or other reflecting s urfacesof the vehicle.
4.3.5. Geometric visibility
Defined by angles αandβass pecified in 1.9:
α= 5º upwardsand downwards ,
β= 45º outwardsand 10º inwards .1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 16
▼B
▼M1
▼B
▼B
4.3.6. Alignment
The alignment of the front fog lampsmus t not vary according to
the angle of lock of the steering.
They must be directed forwards without causing undue dazzle or
discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road users.
4.3.7. May be ‘grouped’
with other front lamps.
4.3.8. May not be ‘combined’
with other front lamps.
4.3.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
4.3.9.1. with main-beam headlampswhich do not s wivel according to the
angle of lock of the steering when there are four headlamps;
4.3.9.2. with the front position (side) lamps;
4.3.9.3. with the parking lamp.
4.3.10. Electrical connections
It must be possible to switch the front fog lamps on and off inde-
pendently of the main-beam headlamps, the dipped-beam
headlampsor any combination of main and dipped-beam head-
lamps.
4.3.11. Tell-tale
Tell-tale optional.
4.4. Reversinglamps
4.4.1. Presence
Mandatory on motor vehicles.Optional on trailers.
4.4.2. Number
One or two.
4.4.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.4.4. Position
4.4.4.1. Width:
No individual specifications.
4.4.4.2. Height:
Not less than 250 mm and not more than 1 200 mm above the
ground.
4.4.4.3. Length:
At the back of the vehicle
4.4.5. Geometric visibility
Defined by angles αandβass pecified in 1.9:
α= 15º upwardsand 5º downwards ,
β= 45º to right and left if there isonly one lamp,
β= 45º outwardsand 30º inwardsif there are two.
4.4.6. Alignment
Rearwards.
4.4.7. May be ‘grouped’
with any other rear lamp.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 17
▼M4
▼M1
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼B
4.4.8. May not be ‘combined’
with other lamps.
4.4.9. May not be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with other lamps.
4.4.10. Electrical connections
It can only light up if the reverse gear is engaged and if the
device which controls the starting or stopping of the engine is
in such a position that operation of the engine is possible.
It must not light up or remain lit up if either of the above condi-
tions is not satisfied.
4.4.11. Tell-tale
Tell-tale optional.
4.5. Directionindicatorlamp
4.5.1. Presence (see Appendix 4)
Mandatory. Typesof direction indicator lampsfall into cate-
gories (1, 1 a, 1 b, 2 a, 2 b and 5) the assembly of which on
one vehicle constitues an arrangement (‘A’ and ‘B’).
Arrangement ‘A’ shall apply to all motor vehicles.
Arrangement ‘B’ shall apply to trailers only.
4.5.2. Number
The number of devices shall be such that they can emit signals
which correspond to one of the arrangements referred to in 4.5.3.
4.5.3. Arrangement
A: two front direction indicator lampsof the following cate-
gories:
— 1 or 1 a or 1 b,
if the distance between the edge of the illuminating
surface of this lamp and that of the illuminating surface
of the dipped-beam headlamp and/or the front fog lamp,
if there isone, isat leas t 40 mm;
—1ao r1b ,
if the distance between the edge of the illuminating
surface of this lamp and that of the illuminating surface
of the dipped-beam headlamp and/or the front fog lamp,
if there isone, isgreater than 20 mm and les sthan
40 mm;
—1b ,
if the distance between the edge of the illuminating
surface of this lamp and that of the illuminating surface
of the dipped-beam headlamp and/or the front fog lamp,
if there isone, isles sthan or equal to 20 mm;
two rear direction indicator lamps(category 2 a or 2 b);
two repeating side direction indicator lamps (category 5).Where any devicesfunctioning asfront direction indicator
lamps(category 1, 1 a and 1 b) and any repeating s ide indi-
cator lamps(category 5) have been ins talled, two additional
repeating side direction indicator lamps (category 5) may be
installed to meet the visibility requirements of item 4.5.5.
B: two rear direction indicator lamps(category 2 a or 2 b).
4.5.4. Position
4.5.4.1. Width:1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 18
▼M1
▼B
▼M5
▼B
▼M5
▼B
▼M2
▼M2
The edge of the illuminating surface furthest from the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle must not be more than 400 mm
from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
The distance between the inner edges of the two illuminating
surfaces shall not be less than 600 mm. Where the vertical
distance between the rear direction indicator lamp and the corre-
sponding rear position (side) lamp is not more than 300 mm, the
distance between the extreme outer edge of the vehicle and the
outer edge of the illuminating surface of the rear direction indi-
cator lamp must not exceed, by more than 50 mm the distance
between the extreme outer edge of the vehicle and the outer
edge of the illuminating surface of the corresponding rear posi-
tion (side) lamp.
4.5.4.2. Height above the ground:
4.5.4.2.1. The height of the light-emitting surface of the side direction-indi-
cator lamps (category 5) must not be less than 500 millimetres
measured from the lowest point or more than 1 500 millimetres
measured from the highest point.
4.5.4.2.2. The height of the direction indicator lampsof categories1, 1 a, 1
b, 2 a and 2 b, measured in accordance with item 3.8., shall not
be less than 350 mm or more than 1 500 mm.
4.5.4.2.3. If the structure of the vehicle does not permit these upper limits,
measured as specified above, to be respected, they may be
increased to 2 300 mm for side direction indicator lamps of cate-
gory 5 and to 2 100 mm for the direction indicator lampsof
categories1, 1 a, 1 b, 2 a and 2 b.
4.5.4.3. Length:
The distance between the light-emitting surface of the side direc-
tion-indicator lamp (category 5) and the transverse plane which
marksthe forward boundary of the vehicle'soverall length, s hall
not exceed 1 800 millimetres. If the structure of the vehicle
makes it impossible to comply with the minimum angles of visi-
bility, this distance may be increased to 2 500 millimetres.
4.5.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angles: see Appendix 4.Vertical angles: 15º above and below the horizontal. The vertical
angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5º if the lampsare
less than 750 mm above the ground.
4.5.6. Alignment
If individual specifications for installation are laid down by the
manufacturer they must be observed.
4.5.7. May be ‘grouped’
with one or more lamps.
4.5.8. May not be ‘combined’
with another lamp. May be combined only with direction-indi-
cator lampsof another category.
4.5.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with a parking lamp only.
4.5.10. Electrical connections
Direction indicator lamps shall switch on independently of the
other lamps. All direction indicator lamps on one side of a
vehicle shall be switched on and off by means of one control
and must flash in phase.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 19
▼M4
▼M5
▼M4
▼M2
▼B
▼M1
▼B
▼M1
4.5.11. Tell-tale
Operational tell-tale mandatory for front and rear direction-indi-
cator lamps. It may be optical or auditory or both. If it is optical,
it shall be a flashing light which, at least in the event of the
malfunction of any of the front or rear direction-indicator lamps,
is either extinguished, or remains alight without flashing, or
shows a marked change of frequency. If it is entirely auditory it
shall be clearly audible and shall show a marked change of
frequency, at least in the event of the malfunction of any of the
front or rear direction-indicator lamps.
If a motor vehicle isequipped to draw a trailer, it mus t be fitted
with a special optical operational tell-tale for the direction-indi-
cator lampson the trailer unles sthe tell-tale of the drawing
vehicle allowsthe failure of any one of the direction-indicator
lampson the vehicle combination thusformed to be detected.
4.5.12. Other requirements
The light shall be a flashing light flashing 90 ± 30 times per
minute.
Operation of the light-signal control shall be followed within not
more than one second by the emission of light and within not
more than one and one-half seconds by its first extinction. If a
motor vehicle isequipped to draw a trailer, the control of the
direction indicator lamps on the drawing vehicle shall also
operate the indicator lampsof the trailer. In the event of failure,
other than a short circuit, of one direction indicator lamp, the
others must continue to flash but the frequency under this condi-
tion may be different from that specified.
4.6. Hazardwarningsignal
4.6.1. Presence
Mandatory.
4.6.2. Number/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Ass pecified in the corre-
sponding headings of 4.5.4.6.3. Arrangement
4.6.4. Position
4.6.4.1. Width
4.6.4.2. Height
4.6.4.3. Length4.6.5. Geometric visibility
4.6.6. Alignment
4.6.7. May/may not be ‘grouped’
4.6.8. May/may not be ‘combined’
4.6.9. May/may not be ‘reciprocally
incorporated’
4.6.10. Electrical connections
The signal shall be operated by means of a separate control
enabling all the direction-indicator lamps to flash in phase.
4.6.11. Tell-tale
Circuit-closed tell-tale mandatory. Flashing warning light,
which can operate in conjunction with the tell-tale(s) specified
in 4.5.11.
4.6.12. Other requirements
Ass pecified in 4.5.12. If a motor vehicle isequipped to draw a
trailer the hazard warning signal control must be also capable of
bringing the direction indicator lampson the trailer into action.
The hazard warning signal must be able to function even if the1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 20
▼M5
▼B
▼M1
▼B
▼B
device which starts or stops the engine is in a position which
makes it impossible to start the engine.
4.7. Stoplamps
4.7.1. Presence
Mandatory.
4.7.2. Number
Two.
4.7.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.7.4. Position
4.7.4.1. Width:
Not less than 600 mm apart. This distance may be reduced to
400 mm if the overall width of the vehicle in less than 1 300 mm.
4.7.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm, not more than
1 500 mm or not more than 2 100 mm if the shape of the body-
work makes it impossible to keep within 1 500 mm.
4.7.4.3. Length:
At rear of vehicle.
4.7.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 45º outwardsand inwards .
Vertical angle: 15º above and below the horizontal.
The vertical angle below the horizontal may
be reduced to 5º in the case of lamps less
than 750 mm above the ground.
4.7.6. Alignment
Towardsthe rear of the vehicle.
4.7.7. May be ‘grouped’
with one or more other rear lamps.
4.7.8. Must not be ‘combined’
with another lamp, unless the rear position lamp is reciprocally
incorporated with the stop lamp and combined with the rear
registration plate lamp.
4.7.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with the rear position (side) lamp or the parking lamp.
4.7.10. Electrical connections
Must light up when the service brake is applied. The stop lamps
need not function if the device which starts and/or stops theengine is in a position which makes it impossible for the engine
to operate.
4.7.11. Tell-tale
Tell-tale optional. Where fitted, thistell-tale mus t be an opera-
tional tell-tale consisting of a non-flashing warning light which
comes on in the event of the malfunctioning of the stop lamps.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 21
▼M2
▼B
▼M2
▼M1
▼M2
4.8. Rearregistrationplatelamp
4.8.1. Presence
Mandatory
4.8.2. Number/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Such that the device iscapable
of illuminating the space for
the registration plate.4.8.3. Arrangement
4.8.4. Position
4.8.4.1. Width
4.8.4.2. Height4.8.4.3. Length
4.8.5. Geometric visibility
4.8.6. Alignment
4.8.7. May be ‘grouped’
with one or more rear lamps.
4.8.8. May be ‘combined’
with the rear position (side) lamps.
4.8.8.1. When the rear position lamps are reciprocally incorporated
with the stop lamps, the photometric characteristics of the rear
registration plate lamp may be modified during the illumination
of the stop lamps.
4.8.9. May not be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with any other lamp.
4.8.10. Electrical connections
No individual specifications.
4.8.11. Tell-tale
Tell-tale optional. If it exists, its function must be carried out
by the tell-tale required for the front and rear position (side)
lamps.
4.9. Frontposition(side)lamps
4.9.1. Presence
Mandatory on all motor vehicles.
Mandatory on trailersover 1 600 mm wide.
Optional on trailerswhich are not more than 1 600 mm wide.
4.9.2. Number
Two.
4.9.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.9.4. Position
4.9.4.1. Width:
The point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t not be more than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
In the case of a trailer, the point on the illuminating surface
which is farthest from the median longitudinal plane must be
not more than 150 mm from the extreme outer edge of the
vehicle.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 22
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼B
The clearance between the respective inner edges of the two illu-
minating surfaces must not be less than 600 mm.
4.9.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm, not more than
1 500 mm or not more than 2 100 mm if the shape of the body-
work makes it impossible to keep within 1 500 mm.
4.9.4.3. Length:
No individual specifications.
4.9.4.4. Where the front position (side) lamp and another lamp are
mutually incorporated, the illuminating surface of the other
lamp must be used to verify compliance with the positioning
requirements(items4.9.4.1 to 4.9.4.3).
4.9.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle for the two front position (side) lamps:
45º inwardsand 80º outwards .
In the case of trailers, the angle inwards may be reduced to 5º.
Vertical angle:
15º above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the
horizontal may be reduced to 5º in the case of lamps less than
750 mm above the ground.
4.9.6. Alignment
Towardsthe front.
4.9.7. May be ‘grouped’
with any other front lamp.
4.9.8. May not be ‘combined’
with any other lamps.
4.9.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with any other front lamp.
4.9.10. Electrical connections
No individual specifications.
4.9.11. Tell-tale
Circuit-closed tell-tale mandatory. This tell-tale shall be non-
flashing and shall not be required if the instrument panel lighting
can only be turned on simultaneously with the front position
(side) lamps.
4.10. Rearposition(side)lamps
4.10.1. Presence
Mandatory.
4.10.2. Number
Two.
4.10.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.10.4. Position
4.10.4.1. Width:
The point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t be not more than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 23
▼M5
▼M4
▼M5
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼B
The distance between the inner edges of the two illuminating
surfaces shall be not less than 600 mm. This distance may be
reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is
less than 1 300 mm.
4.10.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm, not more than
1 500 mm or not more than 2 100 mm if the shape of the body-
work makes it impossible to keep within 1 500 mm.
4.10.4.3. Length:
At rear of vehicle.
4.10.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle:
45º inwardsand 80º outwards .
Vertical angle:
15º above and below the horizontal.The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5º in
the case of lamps less than 750 millimetres above the ground.
4.10.6. Alignment
Towardsthe rear.
4.10.7. May be ‘grouped’
with any other rear lamp.
4.10.8. May be ‘combined’
with the rear registration plate lamp.
4.10.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with the stop lamp or the rear fog lamp or the parking lamp.
4.10.10. Electrical connections
No individual specifications.
4.10.11. Tell-tale
Circuit-closed tell-tale mandatory. It must be combined with that
of the front position (side) lamps.
4.11. Rearfoglamp
4.11.1. Presence
Mandatory.
4.11.2. Number
One, a second being optional.
4.11.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.11.4. Position
4.11.4.1. Width:
If there is only one rear fog lamp, it must be on the opposite side
of the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle to the direction of
traffic prescribed in the country of registration; the centre of
reference may also be situated on the median longitudinal plane
of the vehicle.
4.11.4.2. Height:
Between 250 and 1 000 mm above the ground.
4.11.4.3. Length:1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 24
▼M4
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼B
At rear of vehicle.
4.11.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 25º inwardsand outwards .
Vertical angle: 5º above and below the horizontal.
4.11.6. Alignment
Towardsthe rear.
4.11.7. May be ‘grouped’
with any other rear lamps.
4.11.8. May not be ‘combined’
with other lamps.
4.11.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
with the rear position (side) lamp or the parking lamp.
4.11.10. Electrical connections
These must be such that the rear fog lamp can operate only when
the dipped beam or main beam headlampsor the front fog lamps
or a combination of these are switched on. They must be such
that when the rear fog lamp iss witched on it iscapable of oper-
ating together with the main beam, the dipped beam and the
front fog lamps.
When the rear fog lamp iss witched on, operating the main-beam
or dipped-beam control shall not extinguish the rear fog lamp.
If the front fog lamps exists, the extinguishing of the rear fog
lamp must be possible independently from that of the front fog
lamps.
4.11.11. Tell-tale
Circuit-closed tell-tale mandatory. An independant non-flashing
warning light.
4.11.12. Other requirements
In all cases, the distance between the rear fog lamp and each
stop lamp must be greater than 100 mm.
4.12. Parkinglamp
4.12.1. Presence
on motor vehiclesnot exceeding 6 m in length and not exceeding
2 m in width: optional;
on all other vehicles: prohibited.
4.12.2. Number
Dependent upon the arrangement.
4.12.3. Arrangement
— either two front lampsand two rear lamps ,
— or one lamp on each side.
4.12.4. Position
4.12.4.1. Width:
The point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the
median longitudinal plane of the vehicle must not be more than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
Furthermore, in the case of a pair of lamps, the lamps must be on
the sides of the vehicle.
4.12.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm;
not more than 1 500 mm, or 2 100 mm if
the shape of the bodywork makes it
impossible to keep within 1 500 mm.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 25
▼M2
▼B
▼B
4.12.4.3. Length:
No individual specifications.
4.12.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 45º outwards, towards the front and towards
the rear.
Vertical angle: 15º above and below the horizontal. The
vertical angle below the horizontal may be
reduced to 5º in the case of lamps less than
750 mm above the ground.
4.12.6. Alignment
Such that the lampsmeet the s pecified conditionsconcerning
visibility towards the front and towards the rear.
4.12.7. May be ‘grouped’
with any other lamp.
4.12.8. May not be ‘combined’
with other lamps.
4.12.9. May be ‘reciprocally incorporated’
— at the front: with the front position (side) lamp, the
dipped-beam headlamp, the main-beam head-
lamp and the fog lamp;
— at the rear: with the rear position (side) lamp, the stop
lamp and the fog lamp;
— with the category 5 direction indicator lamp.
4.12.10. Electrical connections
The connection must allow the parking lamp(s) on the same side
of the vehicle to be lit independently of any other lamps.
The parking lamp(s) must be able to function even if the device
which starts and/or stops the engine is in a position which makes
it impossible for the engine to operate.
4.12.11. Tell-tale
Circuit-closed tell-tale optional. If there is one, it must not be
possible to confuse it with the tell-tale for the front and rear
position (side) lamps.
4.12.12. Other requirements
The function of this lamp may also be performed by simulta-
neously switching on the front and rear position (side) lamps on
the same side of the vehicle.
4.13. End-outlinemarkerlamp
4.13.1. Presence
Mandatory on vehiclesexceeding 2,10 metresin width.Optional on vehiclesbetween 1,80 and 2,10 metreswide.
The rear end-outline marker lamp is optional on chassis cabs.
4.13.2. Number
Two visible from the front and two visible from the rear.
4.13.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.13.4. Position1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 26
▼M2
▼B
▼M4
▼C2
▼B
▼M4
4.13.4.1. Width:
Front and rear: as close as possible to the extreme outer edge
of the vehicle. Thiscondition isdeemed to
have been met when the point on the illumi-
nating surface which is farthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane isnot
more than 400 millimetresfrom the extreme
outer edge of the vehicle.
4.13.4.2. Height:
Front: Motor vehicles: the horizontal plane tangential to the
upper edge of the illuminating surface of the device
must not be lower than the horizontal plane tangential
to the upper edge of the transparent zone of the wind-
screen.Trailers and semi-trailers: at the maximum
height compatible with the requirementsrelating to the
width, design and operational requirements of the
vehicle and to the symmetry of the lamps.
Rear: at the maximum height compatible with the require-
mentsrelating to the width, des ign and operational
requirementsof the vehicle and to the s ymmetry of the
lamps.
4.13.4.3. Length:
No individual specifications.
4.13.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 80º outwards.Vertical angle: 5º above and 20º below the horizontal.
4.13.6. Alignment
Such that the lampsmeet the vis ibility requirementstowards
the front and towardsthe rear.
4.13.7. May be ‘grouped’/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150with other lamps. 4.13.8. May not be ‘combined’
4.13.9. May not be ‘reciprocally
incorporated’
4.13.10. Electrical connections
No individual specifications.
4.13.11. Tell-tale
Tell-tale optional. If it exists, its function shall be carried out
by the tell-tale required for the front and rear position (side)
lamps.
4.13.12. Other requirements
Subject to all the other conditionsbeing met, the lamp vis ible
from the front and the lamp visible from the rear, on the same
side of the vehicle, may be combined in one device.
The position of an end-outline marker lamp in relation to the
corresponding position (side) lamp shall be such that the
distance between the projections on a transverse vertical plane
of the points nearest to the illuminating surfaces of the two
lamps considered is not less than 200 mm.
4.14. Rearreflex reflector, non-triangular
4.14.1. Presence
Mandatory on motor vehicles.
Optional on trailers, provided that they are grouped together with
the other rear light-signalling devices.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 27
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼M2
▼B
▼M4
▼B
4.14.2. Number
Two.
4.14.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.14.4. Position
4.14.4.1. Width:
The point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t be not more than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
The distance between the inner edges of the reflex reflectors
shall not be less than 600 mm. This distance may be reduced to
400 mm if the overall width of the vehicle isles sthan 1 300 mm.
4.14.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm and not more than
900 mm.
4.14.4.3. Length:
At rear of vehicle.
4.14.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 30º inwardsand outwards .
Vertical angle: 15º above and below the horizontal. The
vertical angle below the horizontal may be
reduced to 5º in the case of a reflex
reflector less than 750 mm above the
ground.
4.14.6. Alignment
To the rear.
4.14.7. May be ‘grouped’
with any other lamp.
4.14.8. Other requirements
The illuminating surface of the reflex reflector may have parts in
common with the illuminating surface of any other rear lamp.
4.15. Rearreflex reflector, triangular
4.15.1. Presence
Mandatory on trailers.
Prohibited on motor vehicles.
4.15.2. Number
Two.
4.15.3. Arrangement
The apex of the triangle must be uppermost.
4.15.4. Position
4.15.4.1. Width:
The point of the illuminating surface which is furthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t not be further than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
The distance between the inner edges of the reflex reflectors
shall not be less than 600 mm. This distance may be reduced to
400 mm if the overall width of the vehicle isles sthan 1 300 mm.
4.15.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm and not more than
900 mm.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 28
▼M2
▼B
▼M2
4.15.4.3. Length:
At rear of vehicle.
4.15.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 30º inwardsand outwards .
Vertical angle: 15º above and below the horizontal. The
vertical angle below the horizontal may be
reduced to 5º in the case of a reflex
reflector less than 750 mm above the
ground.
4.15.6. Alignment
To the rear.
4.15.7. May not be ‘grouped’
with any other lamp.
4.15.8. Other requirements
No lamp may be placed within the triangle.
4.16. Frontreflex reflector, non-triangular
4.16.1. Presence
Mandatory on trailers.
Optional on motor vehicles.
4.16.2. Number
Two.
4.16.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.16.4. Position
4.16.4.1. Width:
The point of the illuminating surface which is furthest from the
vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane mus t not be further than
400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.
In the case of a trailer, the point of the illuminating surface
which isfurthes t from the vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane
must not be further than 150 mm from the extreme outer edge
of the vehicle.
The distance between the inner edges of the reflex reflectors
shall not be less than 600 mm. This distance may be reduced to
400 mm if the overall width of the vehicle isles sthan 1 300 mm.
4.16.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm and not more than
900 mm, or 1 500 mm if the structure of the vehicle makes it
impossible to keep within 900 mm.
4.16.4.3. Length:
At front of vehicle.
4.16.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 30º inwardsand outwards .
If, on account of adjustable drawbars, it is not possible to satisfy
the inward angle requirement of 30º, it may be reduced to 10º.
Vertical angle: 15º above and below the horizontal. The vertical
angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5º in the case of a
reflex reflector, less than 750 mm above the ground.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 29
▼B
▼M4
▼B
▼M2
▼B
4.16.6. Alignment
Towardsthe front.
4.16.7. May be ‘grouped’
with the front position (side) lamp.
4.16.8. Other requirements
The illuminating surface of the reflex reflector may have parts in
common with that of the front position (side) lamp.
4.17. Sidereflex reflector, non-triangular
4.17.1. Presence
Mandatory:
— on all motor vehiclesthe length of which exceeds6 m,
except those in category M1,
— on all trailers.
Optional:
— on motor vehiclesin category M1,
— on motor vehicles, other than those in category M1, the length
of which doesnot exceed 6 m.
4.17.2. Minimum number per side
Such that the rulesfor longitudinal pos itioning are complied
with.
4.17.3. Arrangement
No individual specifications.
4.17.4. Position
4.17.4.1. Width:
No individual specifications.
4.17.4.2. Height:
Above the ground: not less than 350 mm and not more than
900 mm. If the structure of the vehicle does not allow of compli-
ance with the maximum height, thislimit may be rais ed to
1 500 mm.
4.17.4.3. Length:
At least one reflex reflector must be fitted to the middle third of
the vehicle, the foremost reflex reflector being not further that
3 m from the front, in the case of trailers, account shall be taken
of the length of the drawbar for the measurement of this
distance.
The distance between two adjacent reflex reflectors shall not
exceed 3 m.
The distance between the rearmost reflex reflector and the rear of
the vehicle shall not exceed 1 m.
However, for M1category vehicles, it is sufficient to have one
reflex reflector fitted within the first third and one within the
last third of the vehicle length.
4.17.5. Geometric visibility
Horizontal angle: 45º to the front and to the rear.
Vertical angle: 15º above and below the horizontal. The
vertical angle below the horizontal may be
reduced to 5º in the case of a reflex
reflector less than 750 mm above the
ground.
4.17.6. Alignment
The reference axisof the reflex reflector mus t be horizontal and
perpendicular to the vehicle'smedian longitudinal plane and
directed outwards.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 30
▼M2
▼B
▼B
4.17.7. May be ‘grouped’
with other lamps.
5. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
5.1. Every series-produced vehicle must conform to the vehicle type
which received type-approval asregardsthe ins tallation of
lighting and light-signalling devices and their characteristics as
specified by this Directive.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 31
▼B
Appendix 1
Loadingconditionsonaxlesreferred toin4.2.6.1
1. For the following tests, the mass of the passengers shall be calculated
on the basis of 75 kg per person.
2. Loading conditionsfor different typesof vehicles :
2.1. Vehiclesin category M1.
2.1.1. The angle of the light beam of the dipped-beam headlampss hall be
determined under the following load conditions:
2.1.1.1. one person in the driver's seat;2.1.1.2. the driver, plus one passenger in the front seat farthest from the driver;2.1.1.3. the driver, one passenger in the front seat farthest from the driver, all
the seats farthest to the rear occupied;
2.1.1.4. all the seats occupied;
2.1.1.5. all the seats occupied, plus an evenly distributed load in the luggage
boot, in order to obtain the permissible load on the rear axle or on the
front axle if the boot isat the front. If the vehicle hasa front and a rear
boot, the additional load must be appropriately distributed in order to
obtain the permissible axle loads. However, if the maximum permis-
sible laden weight is obtained before the permissible load on one of
the axles, the loading of the boot(s) shall be limited to the figure which
enablesthat weight to be reached;
2.1.1.6. driver, plusan evenly dis tributed load in the boot, in order to obtain the
permissible load on the corresponding axle.
However, if the maximum permissible laden weight is obtained before
the permissible load on the axle, the loading of the boot(s) shall be
limited to the figure which enablesthat weight to be reached.
2.1.2. In determining the above loading conditions, account must be taken of
any loading restrictions laid down by the manufacturer.
2.2. Vehiclesin categoriesM
2and M3.
The angle of the light beam from the dipped-beam headlampsmus t be
determined under the following loading conditions:
2.2.1. vehicle unladen;
2.2.2. vehicle laden in such a way that each of the axles carries its technically
permissible load.
2.3. Vehicles in category N with load surfaces.
2.3.1. The angle of the light beam from the dipped-beam headlampsmus t be
determined under the following loading conditions:
2.3.1.1. vehicle unladen;2.3.1.2. one person in the driver's seat, the load being distributed in order to
obtain the maximum technically permissible load on the rear axle and
the unladen weight on the front axle. The procedure isthe s ame if the
load surface is situated at the front.
2.4. Vehiclesin category N without load s urface.2.4.1. Drawing vehicles for semi-trailers:
2.4.1.1. unladen vehicle without a load on the coupling attachment;
2.4.1.2. one person in the driver's seat; technically permissible load on the
coupling attachment in the position of the attachment corresponding to
the highest load on the rear axle.
2.4.2. Drawing vehiclesfor trailers :
2.4.2.1. vehicle unladen;
2.4.2.2. one person in the driver's seat, all the other places in the driving cabin
being occupied.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 32
▼B
Appendix 2
1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 33
▼M1
▼B
Appendix 3
Figure1
Figure21976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 34
▼M5
Appendix 4
DIRECTION INDICATOR LAMP
ANGLES OF GEOMETRIC VISIBILITY
1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 35
▼M2
Appendix 5
Measurement of the variation of dipped beam inclination as a function of
load
1. SCOPE
This Appendix specifies a method for measuring variations in motor
vehicle dipped beam inclination, in relation to itsinitial inclination,
caused by changes in vehicle attitude due to loading.
2. DEFINITIONS
2.1.Initialinclination
2.1.1.Statedinitial inclination:
the value of the dipped beam initial inclination specified by the motor
vehicle manufacturer serving as a reference value for the calculation of
permissible variations.
2.1.2.Measuredinitial inclination:
the mean value of dipped beam inclination or vehicle inclination
measured with the vehicle in condition No 1, as defined in Appendix
1, for the category of vehicle under test. It serves as a reference value
for the assessment of variations in beam inclination as the load varies.
2.2. Dipped-beam inclination may be defined:
— either as the angle, expressed in milliradians, between the direction
of the beam towardsa characteris tic point on the horizontal part of
the cut-off in the luminousdis tribution of the headlamp and the
horizontal plane,
— or by the tangent of that angle, expressed in percentage inclination,
since the angles are small (for these small angles, 1 % is equal to
10 mrad).
If the inclination is expressed in percentage inclination, it can be calcu-
lated by meansof the following formula:
h1/C0h2
l/C2100
where:
h1isthe height above the ground, in millimetres , of the abovemen-
tioned characteristic point, measured on a vertical screen
perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal median plane, placed at a
horizontal distance 1;
h2isthe height above the ground, in millimetres , of the centre of refer-
ence (which istaken to be the nominal origin of the characteris tic
point chosen in h1);
l is the distance, in millimetres, from the screen to the centre of refer-
ence.
Negative valuesdenote downward inclination (s ee Figure 1).Positive values denote upward inclination.
Figure 1
DippedbeamdownwardinclinationofacategoryM1vehicle1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 36
▼M2
Notes:
1. Thisdrawing repres entsa category M1vehicle, but the principle
shown applies equally to vehicles of other categories.
2. Where the vehicle does not incorporate a headlamp levelling system,
the variation in dipped beam inclination isidentical with the varia-
tion in the inclination of the vehicle itself.
3. MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS
3.1. If a visual inspection of the dipped beam pattern on the screen or a
photometric method is used, measurement shall be carried out in a
dark environment (for example, a dark room) of sufficient area to allow
the vehicle and the screen to be placed as shown in Figure 1. Headlamp
centres of reference shall be at a distance l from the screen of at least
10 m.
3.2. The ground on which measurements are made shall be as flat and hori-
zontal as possible, so that the reproducibility of measurements of
dipped beam inclination can be assured with an accuracy of ± 0·5 mrad
(± 0·05 % inclination).
3.3. If a screen is used, its marking, position and orientation in relation to
the ground and to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle, shall
be such that the reproducibility of the measurement of the dipped
beam inclination can be assured with an accuracy of ± 0·5 mrad
(± 0·05 % inclination).
3.4. During measurements, the ambient temperature shall be between 10 and
30 ºC.
4. VEHICLE PREPARATION
4.1. Measurements shall be carried out on a vehicle which has travelled a
distance of between 1 000 and 10 000 km, preferably 5 000 km.
4.2. Tyres shall be inflated to the full-load pressure specified by the vehicle
manufacturer. The vehicle shall be fully replenished (fuel, water, oil)
and equipped with all the accessories and tools specified by the manu-
facturer. Full fuel replenishment means that the fuel tank must be filled
to not less than 90 % of its capacity as indicated in the information
document, a model of which appearsin Annex I to Directive 70/156/
EEC.
4.3. The vehicle shall have the parking brake released and the gearbox in
neutral.
4.4. The vehicle shall be conditioned for at least 8 h at the temperature
specified in Item 3.4.
4.5. If a photometric or visual method is used, headlamps with a well-
defined dipped beam cut-off should preferably be installed on the
vehicle under test in order to facilitate the measurements.
Other methodsmay be employed to obtain a more precis e reading (for
exemple, removal of the headlamp lens).
5. TEST PROCEDURE5.1.General
The variationsin either dipped beam or vehicle inclination, depending
on the method chosen, shall be measured separately for each side of the
vehicle. The results obtained from both left and right headlamps under
all the load conditions specified in Appendix 1, shall be within the
limits set out in Item 5.5. The load shall be applied gradually without
subjecting the vehicle to excessive shocks.
5.2.Determinationofthemeasuredinitial inclination
The vehicle shall be prepared as specified in Item 4 and laden as speci-
fied in Appendix 1 (first loading condition of the respective vehicle
category).
Before each measurement, the vehicle shall be rocked as specified in
Item 5.4.
Measurements shall be made three times.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 37
▼M2
5.2.1. If none of the three measured results differs by more than 2 mrad (0·2 %
inclination) from the arithmetic mean of the results, that mean shall
constitute the final result.
5.2.2. If any measurement differs from the arithmetic mean of the results by
more than 2 mrad (0·2 % inclination), a further series of 10 measure-
ments shall be made, the arithmetic mean of which shall constitute the
final result.
5.3.Measurementmethods
Any method may be used to measure variations of inclination provided
that the readingsare accurate to within ± 0·2 mrad (± 0·02 % inclina-
tion).
5.4.Treatmentofvehicle ineachloadingcondition
The vehicle suspension and any other part likely to affect dipped beam
inclination shall be activated according to the methods described below.
However, the technical authoritiesand manufacturersmay jointly
propose other methods (either experimental or based upon calculations),
especially when the test poses particular problems, provided such calcu-
lationsare clearly valid.
5.4.1.M1category vehicles with conventional suspension
With the vehicle standing on the measuring site and, if necessary, with
the wheels resting on floating platforms (which must be used if their
absence would lead to restriction of the suspension movement likely to
affect the results of measurements), rock the vehicle continuously for at
least three complete cycles; for each cycle, first the rear and than the
front end of the vehicle ispus hed down.
The rocking sequence shall end with the completion of a cycle. Before
making the measurements, the vehicle shall be allowed to come to rest
spontaneously. Instead of using floating platforms, the same effect can
be achieved by moving the vehicle backwardsand forwardsfor at leas t
a complete wheel revolution.
5.4.2.M2,M3andN category vehicles with conventional suspension
5.4.2.1. If the treatment method for category M1vehiclesdes cribed in Item
5.4.1 is not possible, the method described in Item 5.4.2.2 or 5.4.2.3
may be used.
5.4.2.2. With the vehicle standing on the measuring site and the wheels on the
ground, rock the body by temporarily varying the load.
5.4.2.3. With the vehicle standing on the measuring site and the wheels on the
ground, activate the vehicle suspension and all other parts which may
affect the dipped beam inclination by using a vibration rig. This can
be a vibrating platform on which the wheelsres t.
5.4.3.Vehicles with non-conventional suspension, where the engine has to be
running
Before making any measurement wait until the vehicle has assumed its
final attitude with the engine running.
5.5.Measurements
The variation of the inclination of the dipped beam shall be assessed for
each of the different loading conditionsin relation to the meas ured
initial inclination determined in accordance with Item 5.2.
If the vehicle is fitted with a manual headlamp-levelling system, the
latter shall be adjusted to the positions specified by the manufacturer
for given loading conditions(according to Appendix 1).
5.5.1. To begin with, a single measurement shall be made in each loading
condition. Requirementshave been met if, for all the loading condi-
tions, the variation in inclination is within the calculated limits (for
example, within the difference between the stated initial inclination
and the lower and upper limitss pecified for approval) with a tolerance
of 4 mrad (0·4 % inclination).
5.5.2. If the result(s) of any measurement(s) does (do) not lie within the toler-
ance indicated in Item 5.5.1 or exceed(s) the limit values, a further
three measurements shall be made in the loading conditions corre-
sponding to this (these) result(s) as specified in Item 5.5.3.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 38
▼M2
5.5.3. For each of the above loading conditions:
5.5.3.1. If none of the three measured results differs by more than 2 mrad (0·2 %
inclination) from the arithmetic mean of the results, that mean shall
constitute the final result.
5.5.3.2. If any measurement differs from the arithmetic mean of the results by
more than 2 mrad (0·2 % inclination), a further series of ten measure-
ments shall be made, the arithmetic mean of which shall constitute the
final result.
5.5.3.3. If a vehicle is fitted with an automatic headlamp-levelling system which
has an inherent hysteresis loop, average results at the top and bottom of
the hysteresis loop shall be taken as significant values.
All these measurements shall be made in accordance with Items 5.5.3.1
and 5.5.3.2.
5.5.4. Requirementshave been met, if, under all loading conditions , the varia-
tion between the measured initial inclination determined in accordance
with Item 5.2 and the inclination measured under each loading condi-
tion is less than the values calculated in Item 5.5.1 (without safety
margin).
5.5.5. If only one of the calculated upper or lower limitsof variation is
exceeded, the manufacturer shall be permitted to choose a different
value for the stated initial inclination, within the limits specified for
approval.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 39
▼M2
Appendix 6
Indicationofthestatedinitialadjustmentreferred toinItem4.2.6.1ofAnnexI
Example
The size of the symbol and characters is left to the discretion of the manufacturer.1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 40
▼M2
Appendix 7
The controls for the headlamp-levelling devices referred to in Items
4.2.6.2.2ofAnnexI
1. SPECIFICATIONS
1.1. Downward inclination of the dipped beam must in all cases be produced
in one of the following ways:
(a) by moving a control downwardsor to the left;
(b) by rotating a control in a counterclockwise direction;
(c) by depressing a button (push-pull control).
If several buttons are used to adjust the beam, the button which gives the
greatest downward inclination must be installed to the left or below the
button(s) for other dipped beam positions.
A rotary control which is installed edge-on, or with only the edge visible,
should follow the operating principles of controls of types (a) or (c).
1.1.1. This control must carry symbols indicating clearly the movements corre-
sponding to the downward and upward inclination of the dipped beam.
1.2. The ‘0’ position corresponds to the initial alignment according to Item
4.2.6.1 of Annex I.
1.3. The ‘0’ position which, according to Item 4.2.6.2.2 of Annex I, has to be
a ‘stop position’, need not necessarily be at the end of the scale.
1.4. The marks used on the control must be explained in the owner's hand-
book.
1.5. Only the following symbols may be used to identify the controls:
or
 and
Symbols employing five lines instead of four may also be used.
2. EXAMPLES
Example 1:
1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 41
▼M4
▼C3
▼M2
▼M4
▼M4
Example 2:
Example 3:
1976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 42
▼B
ANNEX II
MODEL
►(1)M21976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 43
▼B
►(1)M11976L0756 — EN — 31.03.1989 — 005.001 — 44