1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of6February1970
ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothepermissiblesoundleveland
theexhaustsystemofmotorvehicles
(70/157/EEC)
(OJL42,23.2.1970,p.16)
Amendedby:
OfficialJournal
No page date
►M1CommissionDirective73/350/EECof7November1973 L321 33 22.11.1973
►M2CouncilDirective77/212/EECof8March1977 L66 33 12.3.1977
►M3CommissionDirective81/334/EECof13April1981 L131 6 18.5.1981
►M4CommissionDirective84/372/EECof3July1984 L196 47 26.7.1984
►M5Councildirective84/424/EECof3September1984 L238 31 6.9.1984
►M6CouncilDirective87/354/EECof25June1987 L192 43 11.7.1987
►M7CommissionDirective89/491/EECof17July1989 L238 43 15.8.1989
►M8CouncilDirective92/97/EECof10November1992 L371 1 19.12.1992
Amendedby:
►A1ActofAccessionofDenmark,IrelandandtheUnitedKingdomofGreat
BritainandNorthernIrelandL73 14 27.3.1972
►A2ActofAccessionofSpainandPortugal L302 23 15.11.1985
►A3ActofAccessionofAustria,SwedenandFinland C241 21 29.8.1994
(adaptedbyCouncilDecision95/1/EC,Euratom,ECSC) L1 1 1.1.1995
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of6February1970
on the approximationof the lawsofthe Member States relating to
the permissible sound level and the exhaust system of motor vehi-
cles
(70/157/EEC)
THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community,andinparticularArticle100thereof;
HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission;HavingregardtotheOpinionoftheEuropeanParliament(
1);
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(2);
Whereas thetechnical requirementswhichmotorvehicles mustsatisfy
pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia,to the permissible sound
levelandtheexhaustsystem;
Whereas thoserequirements differfromoneMemberStatetoanother;
whereasitisthereforenecessarythatallMemberStatesadoptthesamerequirementseitherinadditiontoorinplaceoftheirexistingrules,inorder, in particular, to allow the EEC type approval procedure which
wasthesubjectoftheCouncilDirective(
3)of6February1970onthe
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the typeapproval of motor vehicles and their trailers to be applied in respectofeachtypeofvehicle;
HASADOPTEDTHISDIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any motor vehicle
intendedforuseontheroad,withorwithoutbodywork,havingatleast
fourwheelsandamaximumdesignspeedexceeding25kilometresperhour, with the exception of vehicles which run on rails, agriculturaltractorsandmachineryandpublicworksvehicles.
Article 2
No Member State may, on grounds relating to the permissible sound
level and the exhaust system, refuse to grant EEC or national type-
approval in respect of a type of motor vehicle or type of exhaustsystemorcomponentofsuchasystemregardedasaseparatetechnicalunit,
— if the vehicle satisfies the requirements of Annex I as regards the
soundlevelandexhaustsystem,
— if the exhaust systemor any com ponent thereof, considered as a
separate technical unit within the meaning of Article 9a of Direc-tive70/156/EECsatisfiestherequirementsofAnnexII.
Article 2a
1. No Member State may, on grounds relating to the permissible
soundlevelandtheexhaustsystem,refuseorprohibitthesale,registra-tion,entryintoserviceoruseofanyvehicle inwhichthesoundlevelandtheexhaustsystemsatisfytherequirementsofAnnexI.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—2
(1) OJNoC160,18.12.1969,p.7.
(2) OJNoC48,16.4.1969,p.16.
(3) OJNoL42,23.2.1970,p.1.▼M3
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2. No Member State may, on grounds relating to the permissible
soundlevelandtheexhaustsystem,prohibittheplacingonthemarketof an exhaust systemor any com ponent thereof considered as a sepa-
rate technical unit within the meaning of Article 9a of Directive 70/
156/EEC if,withinthemeaning ofArticle 2,it isofatypeinrespectofwhichatype-approvalhasbeengranted.
Article 3
TheamendmentsnecessaryforadjustingtherequirementsoftheAnnex
so as to take account of technical progress, with the exception of therequirements set out under ►
M3items 5.2.2.1 and 5.2.2.5 of Annex
I◄, shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in
Article13oftheCouncilDirectiveonthetypeapprovalofmotorvehi-clesandtheirtrailers.
Article 4
1. Member States shall put into force the provisions containing the
requirements needed in order to comply with this Directive withineighteen months of its notification and shall forthwith inform theCommissionthereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions
ofnationallawwhichtheyadoptinthefieldcoveredbythisDirective
arecommunicatedtotheCommission.
Article 5
ThisDirectiveisaddressedtotheMemberStates.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—3
▼B
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ANNEX I
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL IN RESPECT OF THE SOUNDLEVEL OF A
TYPEOFMOTORVEHICLE
1. DEFINITIONS
ForthepurposesofthisDirective:
1.1. Typeofvehicle
means vehicles which do not differ essentially as regards the
followingparts:
1.1.1. theshapeormaterialsofthebodywork(particularlytheengine
compartmentanditssoundproofing);
1.1.2. thelengthandwidthofthevehicle;
1.1.3. the type of engine (positive or compression ignition, two- or
four-stroke,reciprocatingorrotarypiston,numberandcapacity
of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection
systems, arrangement of valves, rated maximum power and
correspondingenginespeed(s));
1.1.4. the transmission system, the gear ratio in which the test is
performedandtherelevantoverallratio(s);
1.1.5. thenumber,typeandarrangementoftheexhaustsystems;
1.1.6. thenumber,typeandarrangementoftheintakesystems.1.1.7. Notwithstanding the provisions of items 1.1.2 and 1.1.4, vehi-
cles other than those in categories M
1and N1(1) having the
same type of engine and/or different overall gear ratios, may
beregardedasvehiclesofthesametype.
However, if the above differences provide for a different test
method, these differences are to be considered as a change of
type.
1.2. Exhaustandintakesystems
1.2.1. Exhaust systems
means a complete set of parts necessary to reduce the noise
producedbythevehicle'sengineexhaust.
1.2.2. Intake systems
means a complete set of parts necessary to reduce the noise
producedbythevehicle'sengineintake.
1.2.3. ForthepurposesofthisDirective,thesesystemsdonotinclude
themanifolds.
1.3. Differenttypesofexhaustorintakesystem
means systems characterized by fundamental differences, such
asthefollowing:
1.3.1. systemsinwhichthecomponentsbeadifferent trademarksor
tradenames;
1.3.2. systems in which the characteristics of the materials of a
component differ,orinwhichthecomponents areofdifferent
shapeorsize;achangeintheplatingprocedure(galvanization,
aluminiumcoating,etc.)isnotdeemedtoproduceadifference
oftype;
1.3.3. systems in which the operating principles of at least one
componentdiffer;
1.3.4. systemsinwhichthecomponentsarecombineddifferently.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—4
(1) Inaccordancewiththedefinitiongiveninitem0.4ofAnnexItoDirective70/156/EEC
(OJNoL42,23.2.1970,p.16).
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1.4. Componentofanexhaustoranintakesystem
meansoneoftheseparatecomponentswhichtogetherformthe
exhaust system(e.g. exhaust pipes, the silencer proper) or the
intakesystem(e.g.airfilter).
1.5. Overall gearratio
meansthenumberofturnsmadebytheenginepereachturnof
thedrivingwheels.
2. APPLICATIONFOREECTYPE-APPROVAL
2.1. TheapplicationforEECtype-approvalinrespectofthesound
level of a type of motor vehicle must be submitted by the
manufacturerofthevehicleorhisauthorizedrepresentative.
2.2. It must be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in
triplicateandthefollowinginformation:
2.2.1. adescriptionofthetypeofvehiclewithreferencetothepoints
mentioned in item 1.1. The numbers and/or symbols identi-
fyingtheenginetypeandvehicletypemustbeindicated;
2.2.2. alist,withappropriateidentification,ofthecomponentpartsof
theexhaustandintakesystems;
2.2.3. adrawingoftheentireexhaustsystemwithanindicationofits
positiononthevehicle;
2.2.4. a detailed drawing of each component sothat it can be easily
locatedandidentified,andanindicationofthematerialsused.
2.3. A vehicle representative of the type in respect of which type-
approval is sought must be submitted to the technical service
responsible for the tests by the vehicle manufacturer or his
authorizedrepresentative.
2.3.1. In the case of item1.1.7 the single vehicle, representative of
the type in question, will be selected by the technical service
conducting approval tests, in accordance with the vehicle
manufacturer, as that with the lowest mass in running order
with the shortest length and following the specification laid
downinitem5.2.2.4.3.3.1.2.
2.4. At the request of the technical service, a specimen of the
exhaust systemand an engine of at least the sam e cylinder
capacityandratedmaximumpowerasthatfittedtothevehicle
in respect of which type-approval is sought must also be
submitted.
2.5. Before granting type-approval the competent authority must
verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring
effectivecontroloftheconformityofproduction.
3. MARKINGS
3.1. The exhaust and intake systemcom ponents, excluding fixing
hardwareandpipes,mustbear:
3.1.1. thetrademarkornameofthemanufacturerofthesystemsand
theircomponents;
3.1.2. themanufacturer'stradedescription.
3.2. These markings must be clearly legible and indelible, even
whenthesystemisfittedtothevehicle.
4. EECTYPE-APPROVAL
4.1. If an application within the meaning of 2.1 is approved, the
competent authority will draw up a certificate, corresponding
to the type which appears in Annex III, to be attached to the
EECtype-approvalcertificateforthevehicle.
5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. General specifications
5.1.1. Thevehicle,itsengineandexhaustandintakesystemsmustbe
designed, constructed and mounted such that, under normal1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—5
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conditions of use and notwithstanding the vibrations to which
they may be subject, the vehicle satisfies the requirements of
thisDirective.
5.1.2. The systems must be designed, constructed and mounted so
thatreasonableresistancetothecorrosionphenomenatowhich
theyareexposedisobtainedhavingregardtotheconditionsof
useofthevehicle.
5.2. Specificationsrelatingtosoundlevels
5.2.1. Method of measurement
5.2.1.1. The sound emitted by the type of vehicle submitted for EEC
type-approval must be measured in accordance with each of
the two methods described in item 5.2.2.4 in the case of
movingvehiclesanditem5.2.3.4inthecaseofstationaryvehi-
cles,respectively(1).
Vehicleshavingamaximumpermissiblemassexceeding2800
kg must be subjected to an additional measurement of the
compressedairnoisewiththevehiclestationaryinaccordance
withitem5.4,ifcorresponding brakeequipm ent ispartofthe
vehicle.
5.2.1.2. The values measured as specified in item 5.2.1.1 must be
recorded in the test report and in a certificate corresponding
tothemodelshowninAnnexIII.Detailsoftheambientcondi-
tions,namely,testtrack(typeofsurface),airtemperature,wind
(directionandspeed)andambientnoisemustalsoberecorded
inthetestreport.
5.2.2. Sound level of moving vehicles
5.2.2.1. Limiting values
The soundlevel measured inaccordance withitems 5.2.2.2to
5.2.2.5,inclusive,ofthisAnnexshallnotexceedthefollowing
limits:
VehiclecategoriesValues
expressedin
dB(A)
(decibels
(A))
5.2.2.1.1. Vehicles intended for the carriage of passen-
gers, and comprising not more than nine seats
includingthedriver'sseat 74
5.2.2.1.2. Vehicles intended for the carriage of passen-
gers and equipped with more than nine seats,
including the driver's seat; and having a
maximum permissible mass of more than 3,5
tonnesand:
5.2.2.1.2.1. —withanenginepoweroflessthan150kW 78
5.2.2.1.2.2. — with an engine power of not less than 150
kW 80
5.2.2.1.3. Vehicles intended for the carriage of passen-
gers and equipped with more than nine seats
including the driver's seat; vehicles intended
forthecarriageofgoods:
5.2.2.1.3.1. — with a maximum permissible mass not
exceeding2tonnes 76
5.2.2.1.3.2. — with a maximum permissible mass
exceeding 2 tonnes but not exceeding 3,5
tonnes 77
5.2.2.1.4. Vehiclesintendedforthecarriageofgoodsand
having a maximum permissible mass
exceeding3,5tonnes:
5.2.2.1.4.1. —withanenginepoweroflessthan75kW 771970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—6
(1) A stationary vehicle test is conducted in order to establish a reference value for the
authoritieswhichemploythismethodfortheinspectionofvehiclesinservice.
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VehiclecategoriesValues
expressedin
dB(A)
(decibels
(A))
5.2.2.1.4.2. — with an engine power of not less than 75
kWbutlessthan150kW 78
5.2.2.1.4.3. — with an engine power of not less than 150
kW 80
However:
— for vehicles of categories 5.2.2.1.1 and 5.2.2.1.3, the limit
values are increased by 1 dB (A) if they are equipped
withadirectinjectiondieselengine,
— forvehicleswithamaximumpermissiblemassofovertwo
tonnes designed for off-road use, the limit values are
increased by 1 dB (A) if their engine power is less than
150kW and2dB(A)iftheir engine poweris150kW or
more,
— for vehicles in category 5.2.2.1.1., equipped with a manu-
ally operated gear box having more than four forward
gears and with an engine developing a maximum power
exceeding 140 kW/t and whose permissible maximum
power/maximum mass ratio exceeds 75 kW/t, the limit
valuesareincreasedby1dB(A)ifthespeedatwhichthe
rear of the vehicle passes the line BB ′(Figure 1) in third
gearisgreaterthan61km/h.
5.2.2.2. Measuring instruments5.2.2.2.1. Acousticmeasurements
The apparatus used for measuring the noise level must be a
precision sound-level meter of the type described in Publica-
tion179‘Precisionsoundlevel meters’,secondedition,ofthe
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Measure-
ments must be carried out using the ‘fast’ response of the
sound-level meter andthe‘A’weighting curve whicharealso
describedinthatpublication.
At the beginning and end of each set of measurements, the
sound-levelmetermustbecalibratedaccordingtothemanufac-
turer's instructions by means of an appropriate sound source
(e.g. a pistonphone). The test must be considered invalid if
the sound-level meter errors registered during this calibration
exceed1dB.
5.2.2.2.2. Speedmeasurements
Theenginespeedandvehiclespeedonthetestsectionshallbe
determinedwithanaccuracyof3%orbetter.
5.2.2.3. C onditionsofmeasurement
5.2.2.3.1. Testsite
The test site must consist of a central acceleration section
surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The test accelera-
tion section must be level; the track surface must be dry and
suchthatrollingnoiseremainslow.
Thetesttrackmustbesuchthattheconditionsofafreesound
fieldbetweenthesoundsourceandthemicrophoneareattained
towithin1dB.Theseconditionsshallbedeemedtobemetif
there are no large sound-reflecting objects such as fences,
rocks, bridges or buildings within 50 mof the centre of the
acceleration section. The test-track surface must comply with
thespecificationsinAnnexVI.
There must be no obstacle which could affect the sound field
within the vicinity of the microphone and no persons shall
stand between the microphone and the sound source. The
observer carrying out the measurements must so position
himself as not to affect the readings of the measuring instru-
ment.
5.2.2.3.2. Meteorologicalconditions1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—7
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Measurements must not be made in poor atmospheric condi-
tions. It must be ensured that the results are not affected by
gustsofwind.
5.2.2.3.3. Ambientnoise
For measurements, the A-weighted sound level of sound
sources other than those of the vehicle to be tested and of
windeffectsmustbeatleast10dB(A)belowthesoundlevel
produced by the vehicle. A suitable windscreen may be fitted
to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect
on the sensitivity and directional characteristics of the micro-
phone.
5.2.2.3.4. Conditionofvehicle
For these measurements, the vehicle must be in running order
asdefinedinitem2.6ofAnnexItoDirective70/156/EECand,
except in the case of vehicles which cannot be uncoupled,
withouttrailerorsemi-trailer.
Thevehicle'styresmustbeofthetypenormallyfittedtosuch
vehiclesbythemanufacturerandmustbeinflatedtotheappro-
priatepressure(s)fortheunladenvehicle.
Beforethemeasurementsaremade,theenginemustbebrought
to its normal operating condition as regards temperatures,
settings, fuel, spark plugs, carburettor(s), etc. (as appropriate).
If the vehicle is fitted with fan(s) having an automatic
actuating mechanism, this system must not be interfered with
duringthemeasurements.
Only the normal highway drive must be engaged in vehicles
withmorethantwodrivewheels.
5.2.2.4. Method of measurement
5.2.2.4.1. Natureandnumberofmeasurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels
(dB (A)) shall be measured as the vehicle is driven between
lines AA ′and BB ′(Figure 1). The measurement shall be
invalid if an abnormal discrepancy between the peak value
andthegeneralsoundlevelisrecorded.
At least twomeasurements must be taken on each side of the
vehicle.
5.2.2.4.2. Positioningofthemicrophone
The microphone must be located at a distance of 7,5 ± 0,2 m
fromthe reference line CC ′(Figure 1) of the track and 1,2 ±
0,1mabovetheground.Itsaxisofmaximumsensitivitymust
behorizontalandperpendiculartothepathofthevehicle(line
CC′).
5.2.2.4.3. Conditionsofoperation
5.2.2.4.3.1. Generalconditions
Forall measurements, thevehicle mustbedriveninastraight
lineovertheaccelerationsectioninsuchawaythatthemedian
longitudinal plane of the vehicle is as close as possible to the
lineCC′.
ThevehiclemustapproachthelineAA ′atasteadyinitialroad
speed as specified in items 5.2.2.4.3.2 and 5.2.2.4.3.3. When
thefrontendofthevehiclehasreachedthelineAA ′,theaccel-
erator control is fully operated as rapidly as practicable and
held in the fully opened position until the rear of the vehicle
reaches the line BB ′; the accelerator control must be released
asquicklyaspossible.
Thetrailers ofarticulated vehicles whichcannotbeuncoupled
must not be taken into account as regards the crossing of line
BB′.
5.2.2.4.3.2. Approachspeed
The vehicle must approach the line AA ′at a steady speed
correspondingtothelowerofthefollowingtwospeeds:
— 50km/h,1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—8
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— thespeedcorrespondingtoanenginespeedequaltothree-
quarters of the speed, S, at which the engine develops its
rated maximum power,in the case of vehicles of category
M1and in the case of vehicles of the other categories
havinganenginepowernotgreaterthan225kW,
— the speed corresponding to an engine speed equal to half
the speed, S, at which the engine develops its rated
maximum power, in the case of vehicles not belonging to
categoryM1havinganenginepowergreaterthan225kW.
However,ifinthecaseofvehiclesequippedwithanautomatic
transmission having more than two discrete ratios there is a
change-down to first gear during the test, the manufacturer
mayselecteitherofthefollowingtestprocedures:
— the speed,V,ofthe vehicle isincreased to amaximum of
60km/hinordertoavoidsuchachange-down,
or
— the speed, V, must remain at 50 km/h and the fuel supply
to the engine limited to 95 % of the supply necessary for
fullload.Thisconditionisconsideredtobesatisfied:
— inthecaseofaspark-ignitionengine,whentheangleof
thethrottleopeningis90%,
and
— in the case of a compression-ignition engine, when the
movement of the central rack of the injection pump is
limitedto90%ofitstravel.
If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission
which has no manual override, it must be tested at different
approachspeeds,namely30,40,and50km/h,oratthree-quar-
ters of maximum road speed if this value is lower. The test
result is that obtained at the speed which produces the
maximumsoundlevel.
5.2.2.4.3.3. Choiceofgearratios(invehiclesfittedwithgearboxes)5.2.2.4.3.3.1. Manually-operated,non-automaticgearbox5.2.2.4.3.3.1.1. Vehicles in categories M
1and N1equipped with a manually
operatedgearboxhavingnotmorethanfourforwardgearratios
mustbetestedinsecondgear.
Vehiclesinthesecategoriesequippedwithamanuallyoperated
gearbox having more than four forward gear ratios must be
tested in second and third gears successively. Only overall
gear ratios intended for normal road use are considered. The
arithmeticmeanofthesoundlevelsrecordedforeachofthese
twoconditionsshallbecalculated.
Ifduringthetestinsecondgear,theenginespeedexceedsthe
engine speed, S, at which the engine develops its rated
maximum power, the test must be repeated with an approach
speed and/or approach engine speed reduced by steps of 5 %
ofSuntiltheenginespeedattainednolongerexceedsS.
However, the vehicles in category M1having more than four
forward gears and equipped with an engine developing a
maximum powergreater than 140kW, and whosepermissible
maximum-power/maximum-mass ratio exceeds 75 kW/t, may
be tested in third gear only, provided that the speed at which
the rear of the vehicle passes the line BB ′in third gear is
greaterthan61km/h.
5.2.2.4.3.3.1.2. VehiclesotherthanthoseincategoriesM1andN1inwhichthe
total number of forward gear ratios is x (including the ratios
obtained by means of an auxiliary gearbox or a multiple-ratio
drive axle) must be tested using, in turn, ratios equal to or
higherthanx/n(1)(2).
The test result will be that obtained fromthe ratio producing
themaximumsoundlevel.
Shifting up gears from x/n must be terminated in the gear X
where the engine speed, S, at which the engine develops its1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—9
(1) Where: n = 2forvehicleshavinganenginepowernotgreaterthan225kW;
n = 3forvehicleshavinganenginepowergreaterthan225kW.
(2) Ifx/ndoesnotcorrespondtoawholenumber,thenearesthigherratiomustbeused.
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rated maximum power is for the last time reached when
passingthelineBB ′.
In the case of vehicles having different overall gear ratios
(including a different number of gears) the representativity of
thetypebythetestvehicleisdeterminedasfollows:
— ifthehighestsoundlevelisobtainedbetweentheratiosx/n
and X the vehicle selected is deemed representative of its
type,
— ifthehighestsoundlevelisobtainedatratiox/nthevehicle
selectedisdeemedrepresentativeofitstypeonlyforthose
vehicleswhichhavealoweroverallgearratioatx/n,
— ifthehighestsoundlevelisobtainedatratioXthevehicle
selectedisdeemedrepresentativeofitstypeonlyforthose
vehicleswhichhaveahigheroverallgearratioatX.
5.2.2.4.3.3.2. Automatictransmissionequippedwithmanualoverride
The test is conducted with the selector in a position recom-
mended by the manufacturer for ‘normal’ driving. External
downshifts(e.g.kickdown)shallbeputoutofoperation.
5.2.2.5. Interpretation of results5.2.2.5.1. To take account of inaccuracies in the measuring instruments,
the result obtained from each measurement is determined by
deducting1dB(A)fromthemeterreading.
5.2.2.5.2. The measurements are considered valid if the difference
between two consecutive measurements on the same side of
thevehicledoesnotexceed2dB(A).
5.2.2.5.3. The highest sound level measured shall constitute the test
result. Should the result exceed the maximum permissible
sound level for the category of vehicle tested by 1 dB (A),
two further measurements shall be made at the corresponding
microphone position. Three of the four measurements thus
obtained at that microphone position must fall within the
prescribedlimits.
5.2.3. Sound level of the stationary vehicle
5.2.3.1. Sound level in the vicinity of vehicles
Inordertofacilitate subsequentchecksonvehiclesinuse,the
sound level must be measured close to the exhaust system
outlet in accordance with the following requirements and the
measurement results entered in the test report drawn up for
thepurposeofissuingthecertificatereferredtoinAnnexIII.
5.2.3.2. Measuring instruments
5.2.3.2.1. Acousticmeasurements
Aprecisionsound-levelmeterasdefinedinitem5.2.2.2.1must
beusedforthemeasurements.
5.2.3.2.2. Measurementofenginespeed
The engine speed is determined by means of a tachometer
havinganaccuracy of3%orbetter. Thetachometer maynot
betheonefittedtothevehicle.
5.2.3.3. C onditionsofmeasurement
5.2.3.3.1. Testsite(Figure2)
Anyareanotsubjecttosignificantacousticdisturbancemaybe
usedasatestsite.Flatsurfaceswhicharecoveredinconcrete,
asphalt or any other hard surfacing and possessa high degree
of reflectivity are particularly suitable; surfaces consisting of
earthwhichhasbeentampeddownmustnotbeused.
The test site must be in the form of a rectangle, the sides of
which are at least 3 mfromthe sides of the vehicle. This
rectangle must not contain any significant obstacles, e.g. an
individual other than the observer and the driver. The vehicle
must be positioned within the abovementioned rectangle so
thatthemicrophoneisatleast1mfromanykerbstone.
5.2.3.3.2. Meteorologicalconditions1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—10
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Measurements must not be made in poor atmospheric condi-
tions. It must be ensured that the results are not affected by
gustsofwind.
5.2.3.3.3. Ambientnoise
Readings on the measuring instruments produced by ambient
noise and wind must be at least 10 dB (A) below the sound
level to be measured. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to
the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on
thesensitivityofthemicrophone.
5.2.3.3.4. Conditionofthevehicle
The vehicle engine must be brought to normal running
temperature before measurements commence. If the vehicle is
fitted with fan(s) having an automatic actuating mechanism,
thissystemmustnotbeinterfered withduringthesound-level
measurements.
During measurements, the gear lever must be in the neutral
position.
5.2.3.4. Method of measurement5.2.3.4.1. Natureandnumberofmeasurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels
(dB (A)) must be measured during the operating period
referredtoinitem5.2.3.4.3.
At least three measurements must be taken at each measuring
point.
5.2.3.4.2. Positionofthemicrophone(Figure2)
The microphone must be located level with the exhaust outlet
or0,2mabovethetest-track surface,whicheveristhehigher.
The microphone diaphragm must face the exhaust outlet at a
distanceof0,5mfromthelatter.Theaxisofmaximumsensi-
tivityofthemicrophonemustbeparalleltothetracksurfaceat
anangleof45º±10ºtotheverticalplanedefinedbythedirec-
tioninwhichtheexhaustgasesareemitted.
Themicrophonemustbepositionedtothesideofthisvertical
plane which gives the greatest possible distance between the
microphoneandthevehiclecontour.
Iftheexhaustsystemhasseveral outlets,thecentres ofwhich
arenotmorethan0,3mapart,andwhichareconnectedtothe
same silencer, the microphone must face the outlet closest to
the vehicle contour or the outlet which is the highest above
the track surface. In all other cases separate measurements
must be taken at each of them, the highest figure recorded
beingtakenasthetestvalue.
Inthecaseofvehiclesfittedwithaverticalexhaustoutlet(e.g.
commercial vehicles), the microphone must be positioned at
the level of the exhaust outlet, facing upwards with its axis
vertical. Itmustbepositionedatadistance of0,5mfromthe
sideofthevehicleclosesttotheexhaustoutlet.
Where the design of the vehicle is such that the microphone
cannotbelocatedasshowninFigure2becauseofthepresence
of obstacles which formpart of the vehicle (e.g. spare wheel,
fuel tank, battery compartment), a drawing clearly indicating
the position for the microphone must be made when the
measurement isconducted. Asfaraspossible,themicrophone
mustbemorethan0,5mfromthenearestobstacle,anditsaxis
of maximum sensitivity must face the exhaust outlet from the
positionleastconcealedbytheabovementionedobstacles.
5.2.3.4.3. Conditionsofengineoperation
Engine speed mustbe stabilized at three-quarters of the speed
(S)atwhichtheenginedevelopsratedmaximumpower.
When constant engine speed is reached, the throttle must be
rapidly returned to the idling position. The sound level must
bemeasuredoveranoperatingperiodcomprisingbriefmainte-
nance of constant engine speed and the entire deceleration
period, the maximum sound-level meter reading being taken
asthetestresult.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—11
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5.2.3.5. Results (test report)
5.2.3.5.1. Thetestreportdrawnupforthepurposeofissuingthecertifi-
cate referred to in Annex III must indicate all relevant data,
particularlythoseusedinmeasuringthesoundofthestationary
vehicle.
5.2.3.5.2. Readings, rounded off to the nearest decibel, shall be taken
fromthemeasuringinstrument.
Only those values obtained fromthree consecutive m easure-
mentswhichdonotdifferbymorethan2dB(A)respectively
aretakenintoconsideration.
5.2.3.5.3. The highest of these three values shall constitute the test
results.
5.3. Exhaustsystemscontainingfibrousmaterials
5.3.1. Fibrousmaterialsmaynotbeusedintheconstructionofsilen-
cers unless suitable measures are undertaken at the design or
production stages to ensure that the efficiency required to
complywiththelimitsimposedinitem5.2.2.1isachieved on
the road. Such a silencer is considered to be efficient on the
road if the exhaust gases are not in contact with the fibrous
materials or if the silencer of the prototype vehicle tested in
accordance withthe requirements ofitems 5.2.2and5.2.3has
beenputintoanormalstateforroadusebeforethesound-level
measurementsaretaken.Thiscanbeachievedbyusingoneof
the three tests described in items 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.2 and 5.3.1.3,
below,orbyremovingthefibrousmaterialsfromthesilencer.
5.3.1.1. Conti nuousroadoperationfor10000km
5.3.1.1.1. Abouthalfthisoperationshallconsistoftowndrivingandthe
otherhalfoflong-distancerunsathighspeed;continuousroad
operation can be replaced by a corresponding test-track
programme.
5.3.1.1.2. The two speed regimes must be alternated on several occa-
sions.
5.3.1.1.3. The complete test programme must include a minimum of 10
breaks of at least three-hours duration in order to reproduce
theeffectsofcoolingandanycondensationwhichmayoccur.
5.3.1.2. C onditioningonatestbench
5.3.1.2.1. Using standard parts and observing the vehicle manufacturer's
instructions,thesilencermustbefittedtotheengine,whichiscoupledtoadynamometer.
5.3.1.2.2. Thetestmustbeconductedinsixsix-hourperiodswithabreak
ofatleast12hoursbetweeneachperiodinordertoreproduce
theeffectofcoolingandanycondensationwhichmayoccur.
5.3.1.2.3. Duringeachsix-hourperiod,theengineshallberununderthe
followingconditionsinturn:
1. fiveminutesatidlingspeed;
2. one-hour sequence under ¼ load at ¾of rated maximum
speed(S);
3. one-hour sequence under ½ load at ¾of rated maximum
speed(S);
4. 10-minutesequenceunderfullloadat ¾ofratedmaximum
speed(S);
5. 15-minute sequence under ½load at rated maximum speed
(S);
6. 30-minute sequence under ¼load at rated maximum speed
(S).
Totaldurationofthesixsequences:threehours.Eachperiodmustcomprisetwosetsofthesixabovementioned
sequences.
5.3.1.2.4. During the test, the silencer must not be cooled by a forced
draught simulating normal airflow around the vehicle. Never-
theless, at the request of the manufacturer, the silencer may1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—12
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becooledinordernottoexceedthetemperaturerecordedatits
inletwhenthevehicleisrunningatmaximumspeed.
5.3.1.3. C onditioningbypulsation
5.3.1.3.1. Theexhaustsystemorcomponentsthereofmustbefittedtothe
vehiclereferredtoin2.3ortheenginereferredtoin2.4.Inthe
former case the vehicle must be mounted on a roller dynam-
ometer. In the second case, the engine must be mounted on a
dynamometer.
The test apparatus, a detailed diagramof which is shown in
Figure 3, must be fitted at the outlet of the exhaust system.
Anyotherapparatusprovidingequivalentresultsisacceptable.
5.3.1.3.2. The test apparatus must be adjusted in such a way that the
exhaust-gas flow is alternately interrupted and re-established
bythequick-actionvalvefor2500cycles.
5.3.1.3.3. The valve must open when the exhaust-gas back pressure,
measured at least 100 mm downstream of the intake flange,
reaches a value of between 0,35 and 0,40 bar. It must close
when this pressure does not differ by more than 10 % from
itsstabilizedvaluewiththevalveopen.
5.3.1.3.4. The time-delay switch shall be set for the duration of gas
exhaust resulting fromthe provisions laid down in item
5.3.1.3.3above.
5.3.1.3.5. Engine speed must be 75 % of the speed (S) at which the
enginedevelopsmaximumpower.
5.3.1.3.6. Thepowerindicatedbythedynamometermustbe50%ofthe
full-throttlepowermeasuredat75%ofenginespeed(S).
5.3.1.3.7. Anydrainholesmustbeclosedoffduringthetest.5.3.1.3.8. The entire test must be completed within 48 hours. If neces-
sary,onecoolingperiodmaybeobservedaftereachhour.
5.3.2. If the provisions of Article 8 (3) of Directive 70/156/EEC
concerning EEC type-approval are to be applied, the test
methodsetoutinitem5.3.1.2abovemustbeemployed.
5.4. Compressedairnoise
5.4.1. Method of measurement
The measurement is performed at microphone positions 2 and
6 according to Figure 4, with the vehicle stationary. The
highest A-weighted noise levels are registered during venting
the pressure regulator and during ventilating after the use of
boththeserviceandparkingbrakes.
The noise during venting the pressure regulator is measured
withtheengineatidlingspeed.
The ventilating noise is registered while operating the service
and parking brakes; before each measurement, the air-
compressorunithastobebroughtuptothehighestpermissible
operatingpressure,andthentheengineswitchedoff.
5.4.2. Evaluation of the results
For all microphone positions two measurements are taken. In
order to compensate for inaccuracies of the measuring equip-
ment, the meter reading is reduced by 1 dB (A), and the
reduced value is taken as the result of measurement. The
results are taken as valid if the difference between the
measurements at one and the same microphone position does
notexceed2dB(A).
The highest value measured is taken as the test result. If this
value exceeds the noise limit by 1 dB (A), two additional
measurementsaretobetakenatthecorrespondingmicrophone
position. In this case three out of the four results of measure-
ment thus obtained at that microphone position must have to
complywiththenoiselimit.
5.4.3. Limiting value
Thesoundlevelshallnotexceedthelimitof72dB(A).1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—13
▼M8
6. EXTENSIONOFEECTYPE-APPROVAL
6.1. Vehicle typesmodifiedtorunonunleadedpetrol
6.1.1. Approvalofavehicletypemodifiedand/oradjustedsolelyfor
the purpose of making it capable of running on unleaded
petrol, as specified in Directive 85/210/EEC, is extended
whenthemanufacturer certifies, subjecttotheapprovalofthe
authority granting type approval, that the sound level for the
modifiedvehicleshallnotexceedthelimitingvaluesspecified
initem5.2.2.1.
6.2. Vehicle typesmodifiedforanyotherpurpose
6.2.1. Approval of a vehicle type may be extended to vehicle types
differing with regard to the characteristics listed in Annex III
iftheauthoritygrantingtypeapprovalconsidersthatthemodi-
fications made are not likely to have any substantial adverse
effectonthesoundlevelofthevehicle.
7. CONFORMITYOFPRODUCTION
7.1. Everyvehiclemanufacturedfollowingtherequirementsofthis
Directive shall conformto the vehicle type approved, and
satisfytherequirementsofsection5.
7.2. In order to verify that the requirements of item 7.1 are met,
adequatemonitoringoftheproductionshallbecarriedout.
7.3. Theholderoftheapprovalshallinparticular:7.3.1. ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the
qualityofproducts;
7.3.2. have access to the control equipment necessary for checking
theconformityofeachapprovedtype;
7.3.3. ensurethattestresultdataarerecordedandthatannexeddocu-
ments remain available for a period to be determined in
accordancewiththeadministrativeservice;
7.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test, in order to verify and
ensurethestabilityoftheproductcharacteristicsmakingallow-
anceforvariationofanindustrialproduction;
7.3.5. ensurethatforeachtypeofproductatleastthetestsprescribed
inAnnexV(I)arecarriedout;
7.3.6. ensurethatanysamplingortestpiecesgivingevidenceofnon-
conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to
another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps
must be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corre-
spondingproduction.
7.4. Thecompetentauthoritywhichhasgrantedtype-approvalmay
atanytimeverifytheconformitycontrolmethodapplicableto
eachproductionunit.
7.4.1. At every inspection the test books and production survey
recordsmustbepresentedtothevisitinginspector.
7.4.2. Theinspectormaytakesamplesatrandomwhichwillbetested
in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of
samples may be determined according to the results of the
manufacturer'sownverification.
7.4.3. Whenthequalitylevelappearsunsatisfactoryorwhenitseems
necessarytoverifythevalidityofthetestscarriedoutinappli-
cation of item 7.4.2 the Inspector must select samples to be
sent to the technical service which has conducted the type
approvaltests.
7.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in
AnnexI.
7.4.5. The normal frequency of inspections by the competent
authority is one every two years. If unsatisfactory results are
recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority
must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish
theconformityofproductionasrapidlyaspossible.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—14
▼M8
Figure 1
Microphonepositionsforthemeasurementofamovingvehicle
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—15
▼M8
Figure 2
Testsiteandmicrophonepositionsforthemeasurementofastationaryvehicle
Alldistancesaregiveninmetres
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—16
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Figure 3
Testapparatusforconditioningbypulsation
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—17
▼M8
Figure 4
Microphonepositionsformeasurementofcompressedairnoise
The measurement is performed onthe stationary vehicle according to Figure4,usingtwomicrophone positionsat a
distanceof7mfromthecontourofthevehicles,andat1,2mabovetheground.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—18
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ANNEX II
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS AS SEPARATE
TECHNICALUNITS(REPLACEMENTEXHAUSTSYSTEMS)
0. SCOPE
This Annex applies to the type-approval, as separate technical
units within the meaning of Article 9a of Directive 70/156/
EEC,ofexhaustsystemsorcomponentsthereoftobefittedto
oneormoregiventypesofmotorvehicleincategoriesM1and
N1asreplacementparts.
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1. Replacement exhaust system or component thereof means any
partoftheexhaustsystemdefinedinsection1.2.1ofAnnexI
intendedtoreplaceonavehicleapartofthetypegrantedEEC
type-approvalwiththevehicleinaccordancewithAnnexI.
2. APPLICATIONFOREECTYPE-APPROVAL
2.1. ApplicationforECCtype-approvalinrespectofareplacement
exhaust systemor com ponent thereof as a separate technical
unitmustbesubmittedbythevehiclemanufacturer,themanu-
facturer of the separate technical unit in question or by their
authorizedrepresentatives.
2.2. Application for EEC type-approval in respect of each type of
replacement exhaust system or component thereof must be
accompanied by the undermentioned document in triplicate
andthefollowinginformation:
2.2.1. — a description of the type(s) of vehicle to whichthe system
or components thereof are to be fitted with reference to the
characteristicsmentionedinitem1.1ofAnnexI.Thenumbers
and/or symbols designating the engine and vehicle type must
beindicated,
2.2.2. — a description of the replacement exhaust system indicating
the relative position of each systemcom ponent, together with
mountinginstructions,
2.2.3. — detailed drawings of each component, so that they can be
easily located and identified, and reference to the materials
used.
These drawings must indicate the place provided for the
compulsoryaffixingoftheEECtype-approval.
2.3. Attherequestofthetechnicalserviceconcerned,theapplicant
mustsubmit:
2.3.1. —twoexamplesofthesysteminrespectofwhichapplication
forEECtype-approvalhasbeenmade,
2.3.2. —anexhaustsystemofthetypeoriginallyfittedtothevehicle
whenEECtype-approvalwasgranted,
2.3.3. — a vehicle representative of the type to which the systemis
tobefitted,which:
— asfarasitsnoiselevelwhenmovingisconcerned,mustbe
in such a condition that it respects the limits in section
5.2.2.1ofAnnexI(1)anddoesnotexceedbymorethan3
dB(A)thevaluesobtainedduringthetype-approval,
and
— as far as its noise level when stationary is concerned,
respectsthevalueobtainedduringthetype-approval,
2.3.4. — a separate engine corresponding to the type of vehicle
describedabove.
2.4. Before granting type approval the competent authority must
verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring
effectivecontroloftheconformityofproduction.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—19
(1) AsprescribedintheversionofthisDirectiveapplicabletovehicletype-approval.
▼M8
3. MARKINGS
3.1. The replacement exhaust system or its components, excluding
fixinghardwareandpipesmustbear:
3.1.1. — the trademark or trade name of the manufacturer of the
replacementsystemanditscomponents,
3.1.2. —themanufacturer'stradedescription,3.1.3. —theEECtype-approvalnumber.3.2. These marks must be clearly legible and indelible, even when
thesystemisfittedtothevehicle.
4. EECTYPE-APPROVAL
4.1. If an application within the meaning of 2.1 is approved, the
competent authority must draw up a certificate corresponding
to the model shown in Annex IV. The type-approval number
must be preceded by the distinctive letter(s) of the country
grantingEECtype-approval.
5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. General specifications
5.1.1. The replacement exhaust systems or component thereof must
be designed, constructed and capable of being mounted so as
to ensure that the vehicle complies withthe provisionsofthis
Directive undernormalconditionsofuse,notwithstandingany
vibrationstowhichitmaybesubject.
5.1.2. The exhaust system or components thereof must be designed,
constructed and capable of being mounted so that reasonable
resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it/they is/are
exposed is obtained having regard to the conditions of use of
thevehicle.
5.2. Specificationsrelatingtosoundlevels
5.2.1. The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust system or
component thereof must be checked using the methods
describedinsections5.2.2.4and5.2.3.4ofAnnexI(
1).
Whenthereplacementexhaustsystemorcomponentthereofis
mounted on the vehicle referred to in section 2.3.3 of this
Annex, the sound levels obtained using the two methods
(stationary and moving vehicle) must satisfy one of the
followingconditions:
5.2.1.1. they must not exceed the values obtained when this type of
vehiclewasgrantedEECtype-approval;
5.2.1.2. they must not exceed the sound level values measured on the
vehicle,referredtoin2.3.3,whenthisisfittedwithanexhaust
systemofthesametypeasthatfittedtothevehiclewhenEEC
type-approvalwasgranted.
5.3. Measurement ofvehicleperformance
5.3.1. The replacement exhaust system or components thereof must
be such as to ensure that vehicle performance is comparable
withthatachievedwiththeoriginalequipmentexhaustsystemorcomponentthereof.
5.3.2. Thereplacementexhaustsystemor,dependingonthemanufac-
turer's choice, the components of this system, must be
compared with the original equipment exhaust system or
componentsthereof,whicharealsoinnewcondition,fitted in
turntothevehiclereferredtoin2.3.3.
5.3.3. The check must take the form of a measurement of pressure
loss under the conditions specified in 5.3.4.1 or 5.3.4.2. The
valuemeasuredwiththereplacement exhaustsystemmustnot
exceedthevaluemeasuredwiththeoriginalequipmentsystem
bymorethan25%undertheconditionsmentionedbelow.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—20
(1) AsprescribedintheversionofthisDirectiveapplicabletovehicletype-approval.
▼M8
5.3.4. Test method
5.3.4.1. Engine test method
Themeasurementmustbeconductedontheenginereferredto
in2.3.4coupledtoadynamometer.
With the throttle completely open, the bench must be so
adjusted as to obtain the engine speed (S) corresponding to
theratedmaximumpoweroftheengine.
Forthemeasurementofbackpressure,thepressuretapmustbe
placed at the distance fromthe exhaust m anifold specified in
Figures1,2and3.
5.3.4.2. Vehicle test method
The measurements mustbecarried outonthevehicle referred
toinitem2.3.3.
Thetestmustbeconducted:
— eitheronroad,
or
— onarollerdynamometer.
With the throttle completely open, the engine must be loaded
soastoobtaintheenginespeed(S)correspondingtotherated
maximumpower.
Forthemeasurementofbackpressure,thepressuretapmustbe
placed at the distance fromthe exhaust m anifold specified in
Figures1,2and3.
5.4. Additional provisions in respect of exhaust systems or
componentsthereoffilledwithfibrousmaterials
Fibrousmaterialsmustnotbeusedinthemanufactureofrepla-
cement exhaust systems or components thereof unless
appropriate measures are taken during the design and produc-
tion stages to ensure that a level of efficiency is attained
correspondingtothelimitssetoutinsection5.2.2.1ofAnnex
I.
Sucha silencing systemisdeem ed tobe effective in traffic if
the exhaustgasesarenot incontact withthefibrousmaterials
or if, after the removal of the fibrous materials, the sound
levelscomplywiththerequirementssetoutin5.2.1,whenthe
exhaust systemis tested on a vehicle in accordance with the
methodsdescribedinsections5.2.2and5.2.3ofAnnexI.
If this condition is not observed, the entire exhaust system
must be subjected to conditioning. This must be done using
one of the three methods described in sections 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.2
and5.3.1.3ofAnnexI.
After conditioning, the sound level must be checked as speci-
fiedin5.2.1above.
Whentheproceduredescribedinitem5.2.1.2isemployed,the
applicant for EEC type-approval may ask for the conditioning
oftheoriginalequipmentexhaustsystemorsubmitonewhichhasbeenemptied.
6. CONFORMITYOFPRODUCTION
6.1. Anyreplacementexhaustsystemorcomponentthereofbearing
an EEC type-approval number pursuant to this Directive must
conformto the approved type of exhaust systemand com ply
withtherequirementsofsection5.
6.2. In order to verify that the requirements of item 6.1 are met,
adequatemonitoringoftheproductionshallbecarriedout.
6.3. Theholderoftheapprovalmustinparticular:6.3.1. ensure the existence of procedures for effective control of the
qualityofproducts;
6.3.2. haveaccesstothetestingequipmentnecessaryforcheckingthe
conformityofeachapprovedtype;1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—21
▼M8
6.3.3. ensurethattestresultdataarerecordedandthatannexeddocu-
ments shall remain available for a period to be determined in
agreementwiththeadministrativeservice;
6.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test, in order to verify and
ensurethestabilityoftheproductcharacteristicsmakingallow-
anceforvariationofanindustrialproduction;
6.3.5. ensurethatforeachtypeofproductatleastthetestsprescribed
inAnnexV(II)arecarriedout;
6.3.6. ensure that sampling or test pieces giving evidence of non-
conformityinthetypeoftestinquestiongiverisetoafurther
sampling and test. All the necessary steps must be taken to
restoreconformityofthecorrespondingproduction.
6.4. Thecompetentauthoritywhichhasgrantedtype-approvalmay
atanytimeverifytheconformitycontrolmethodapplicableto
eachproductionunit.
6.4.1. At every inspection the test books and production survey
recordsmustbepresentedtothevisitinginspector.
6.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random for testing in the
manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples
may de determined according to the results of the manufac-
turer'sownverification.
6.4.3. Whenthequalitylevelappearsunsatisfactoryorwhenitseems
necessarytoverifythevalidityofthetestscarriedoutinappli-
cationof6.4.2,theinspectormustselectsamplestobesentto
the technical service which has conducted the type approval
tests.
6.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in
AnnexI.
6.4.5. The normal frequency of inspections by the competent
authority is one every two years. If unsatisfactory results are
recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority
mustensurethatallnecessarystepsaretakentorestoreconfor-
mityofproductionasrapidlyaspossible.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—22
▼M8
Backpressure—measuringpoints
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—23
▼M8
ANNEX III
MODEL
Maximumsize:A4(210×297mm)
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—24
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1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—25
▼M8
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—26
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ANNEX IV
MODEL
Maximumsize:A4(210×297mm)
1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—27
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1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—28
▼M8
ANNEX V
CHECKSONCONFORMITYOFPRODUCTION
I. VEHICLES
1.General
Theserequirementsareconsistentwiththetesttobeheldtocheckconfor-
mityofproduction,pursuanttosections7.3.5and7.4.3ofAnnexI.
2.Testingprocedures
Themethodsoftesting,measuringinstrumentsandinterpretationofresults
shall be those described in Annex I. The vehicle(s) under test shall be
subjected to the test for measurement of noise of vehicle in motion as
describedinsection5.2.2.4ofAnnexI.
3.Sampling
One vehicle has to be chosen. If after the test in 4.1 below the vehicle is
notconsideredtoconformtotherequirements ofthisDirective, twomore
vehicleshavetobetested.
4.Evaluationoftheresults
4.1. If the sound level of the vehicle tested pursuant to sections 1 and 2 does
not exceed by more than 1 dB (A) the limit values prescribed in item
5.2.2.1ofAnnexI,thevehicle typeshallbeconsideredtoconformtothe
requirementsofthisDirective.
4.2. Ifthevehicletestedaccordingto4.1doesnotsatisfytherequirementslaid
down in that section, two more vehicles of the same type must be tested
pursuanttosections1and2.
4.3. Ifthesoundlevelofthesecondand/orthirdvehicleof4.2exceedsbymore
than1dB(A)thelimitvaluesprescribedinsection5.2.2.1ofAnnexI,the
vehicletypeisconsiderednottoconformtotherequirementsofthisDirec-
tive and the manufacturer musttake the necessary measures to restore the
conformity.
II. REPLACEMENTEXHAUSTSYSTEMS
1.General
Theserequirementsareconsistentwiththetesttobeheldtocheckconfor-
mityofproduction,pursuanttosections6.3.5and6.4.3ofAnnexII.
2.Testingprocedures
Themethodsoftesting,measuringinstrumentsandinterpretationofresults
are those described in Annex II. The exhaust systemor com ponent under
testmustbesubjectedtothetestasdescribedinAnnexII,section5.
3.Sampling
Anexhaustsystemorcomponenthastobechosen.If,afterthetestin4.1,
thesampleisnotconsideredtoconformtotherequirementsofthisDirec-
tive,twomoresampleshavetobetested.
4.Evaluationoftheresults
4.1. If the sound level of the exhaust systemor com ponent, tested pursuant to
sections 1 and 2, measured in accordance with section 5.2 of Annex II,
does not exceed by more than 1 dB (A) the level measured during the
EEC type-approval tests of this type of exhaust systemor com ponent, the
exhaustsystemorcomponenttypeisconsideredtoconformtotherequire-
mentsofthisDirective.
4.2. Iftheexhaustsystemorcomponenttestedaccordingto4.1doesnotsatisfy
the requirements laid down in that section, two more exhaust systems or
components of the same type must be tested pursuant to sections 1 and 2
above.
4.3. Ifthesoundlevelofthesecondand/orthirdsampleof4.2exceedsbymore
than 1 dB (A) the level measured during the EEC type-approval tests of1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—29
▼M8
this type of exhaust systemor com ponent, the exhaust systemor com po-
nent type is considered not to conformto the requirem ents of this
Directiveandthemanufacturermusttakethenecessarymeasurestorestore
theconformity.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—30
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ANNEX VI
TESTTRACKSPECIFICATIONS
This Annex lays down specifications relating to the physical characteristics of
thepavingandthelayoutofthetesttrackpaving.
1. REQUIREDCHARACTERISTICSOFTHESURFACE
AsurfaceisconsideredtoconformtothisDirectiveprovidedthatthe
texture and voids content or sound absorption coefficient have been
measured and found to fulfill all the requirements given in 1.1 to
1.4 and provided that the design requirements (Section 2.2) have
beenmet.
1.1.Residualvoidscontent
Theresidualvoidscontent,Vc,ofthetesttrackpavingmixtureshall
notexceed8%.Seesection3.1formeasurementprocedure.
1.2.Soundabsorptioncoefficient
Ifthesurfacefailstocomplywiththeresidualvoidscontentrequire-
ment, the surface is acceptable only if its sound absorption
coefficient, α,is≤0,10.Seesection3.2formeasurementprocedure.
The requirement of section 1.1. and 1.2. is met also if only sound
absorptionhasbeenmeasuredandfoundtobe: α≤0,10.
1.3.Texturedepth
Thetexturedepth(TD)measuredaccordingtothevolumetricmethod
(seesection3.3)shallbe:
TD≥0,4mm.
1.4.Homogeneity ofthesurface
Every practical effort shall be taken to ensure that the surface is
made to be as homogenous as possible within the test area. This
includesthetextureandvoidscontent,butitshouldalsobeobserved
that if the rolling process results in more effective rolling at some
places than at others, the texture may be different and uneveness
causingbumpsmayalsooccur.
1.5.Period oftesting
In order to check whether the surface continues to conformto the
textureandvoidscontentorsoundabsorptionrequirementsstipulated
in this standard, periodic testing of the surface shall be done at the
followingintervals:
(a) forresidualvoidscontentorsoundabsorption:
— whenthesurfaceisnew,
— if the surface meets the requirement when new, no further
periodicaltestingisrequired.
Ifitdoesnotmeettherequirementwhenitisnew,itmaydoso
later because surfaces tend to become clogged and compacted
withtime;
(b) fortexturedepth(TD):
— whenthesurfaceisnew,
— whenthenoisetestingstarts(NB:notbeforefourweeksafter
laying),
— theneverytwelvemonths.
2. TESTSURFACEDESIGN2.1.Area
Whendesigningthetesttracklayoutitisimportanttoensurethat,as
a minimum requirement, the area traversed by the vehicles running
throughtheteststripiscoveredwiththespecifiedtestmaterial with
suitablemarginsforsafeandpracticaldriving.Thiswillrequirethat
the width of the track is at least 3 mand the length of the track1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—31
▼M8
extends beyond lines AA and BB by at least 10 mat either end.
Figure 1 shows a plan of a suitable test site and indicates the
minimum area which shall be machine laid and machine compacted
withthespecifiedtestsurfacematerial.
Figure 1
Minimumrequirementsfortestsurfacearea
Theshadedpartiscalled‘testarea’
2.2.Designrequirementsforthesurface
Thetestsurfaceshallmeetfourdesignrequirements:
1. itshallbeadenseasphalticconcrete;
2. themaximumchippingsizeshallbe8mm(tolerancesallowfrom
6,3to10mm);
3. thethicknessofthewearingcourseshallbe ≥30mm;
4. the binder shall be a straight penetration grade bitumen without
modification.
Asaguidetothetestsurfaceconstructor,anaggregategradingcurve
whichwillgivedesiredcharacteristics isshowninfigure2.Inaddi-
tion, table 3 gives some guidelines in order to obtain the desired
textureanddurability.Thegradingcurvefitsthefollowingformula:
P(%passing)=100(d/dmax)½
whered = squaremeshsievesize,inmm
d
max= 8mmforthemeancurve
dmax= 10mmforthelowertolerancecurve
dmax= 6,3mmfortheuppertolerancecurve
Inadditiontotheabove,thefollowingrecommendationsaregiven:
— the sand fraction (0,063 mm < square mesh sieve size < 2 mm)
shall include no more than 55 %natural sandand at least 45 %
crushedsand,
— thebaseandsub-baseshallensureagoodstabilityandevenness,
accordingtobestroadconstructionpractice,1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—32
▼M8
— the chippings shall be crushed (100 % crushed faces) and of a
materialwithahighresistancetocrushing,
— thechippingsusedinthemixshallbewashed,— noextrachippingsshallbeaddedontothesurface,— thebinderhardnessexpressedasPENvalueshallbe40to60,60
to80oreven80to100,dependingontheclimaticconditionsof
thecountry.Theruleisthatashardabinderaspossibleshallbe
used,providedthisisconsistentwithcommonpractice,
— thetemperatureofthemixbeforerollingshallbechosensoasto
achievebysubsequentrollingtherequiredvoidscontent.Inorder
to increase the probability of satisfying the specifications of
sections1.1to1.4,thecompactnessshallbestudiednotonlyby
an appropriate choice of mixing temperature, but also by an
appropriatenumberofpassingsandbythechoiceofcompacting
vehicle.
Figure 2
Gradingcurveoftheaggregateintheasphalticmix,withtolerances
Table 3
Designguidelines
Targetvalues
TolerancesBytotalmass
ofmixBymassof
theapprecate
Massof stones, Square Mesh Sieve (SM)>
2mm47,6% 50,5% ±5
Massofsand0,063<SM<2mm 38,0% 40,2% ±5
MassoffillerSM<0,063mm 8,8% 9,3% ±2
Massofbinder(bitumen) 5,8% N.A. ±0,5
Maximumchippingsize 8mm 6,3—10
Binderhardness (seebelow)
Polished stone value (PSV) (see doc. 5 in
bibliography)>50
Compactness,relativetoMarshallcompact-
ness98%1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—33
▼M8
3. TESTMETHODS
3.1.Measurementoftheresidualvoidscontent
Forthepurposeofthismeasurement,coreshavetobetakenfromthe
trackatleastatfourdifferentpositionswhichareequallydistributed
inthetestareabetweenlinesAAandBB(seefigure1).Inorderto
avoid inhomogeneity and unevenness in the wheel tracks, cores
should not be taken in the wheel tracks themselves, but close to
them. Two cores (minimum) should be taken close to the wheel
tracks and one core (minimum) should be taken approximately
midwaybetweenthewheeltracksandeachmicrophonelocation.
If there is a suspicion that the condition of homogeneity is not met
(see section 1.4), cores shall be taken fromm ore locations within
thetestarea.
Theresidualvoidscontenthastobedeterminedforeachcore.Then
the average value fromall cores shall be calculated and com pared
withtherequirement ofsection1.1.Inaddition,nosinglecoreshall
haveavoidsvaluewhichishigherthan10%.
The test surface constructor is reminded of the problem which may
arise when the test area is heated by pipes or electrical wires and
cores mustbe taken from this area. Suchinstallations mustbe care-
fully planned with respect to future core drilling locations. It is
recommended to leave a few locations of size approximately 200 ×
300 mm where there are no wires or pipes, or where the latter are
located deep enough in order not to be damaged by cores taken
fromthesurfacelayer.
3.2.Soundabsorptioncoefficient
The sound absorption coefficient (normal incidence) shall be
measured by the impedance tube method using the procedure speci-
fied in ISO/DIS 10534: ‘Acoustics — Determination of sound
absorptioncoefficientandimpedancebyatubemethod’.
Regardingtestspecimens,thesamerequirementsshallbefollowedas
regardingtheresidualvoidscontent(seesection3.1).
Thesoundabsorptionshallbemeasuredintherange400to800Hz
andintherange800to1600Hz(atleastatthecentrefrequenciesof
third octave bands) and the maximum values shall be identified for
bothofthesefrequencyranges.Thenthesevalues,foralltestcores,
shallbeaveragedtoconstitutethefinalresult.
3.3.Volumetricmacrotexture measurement
For the purposes of this standard, texture depth measurements shall
be made on at least 10 positions evenly spaced along the wheel
tracks of the test strip and the average value taken to compare with
thespecifiedminimumtexturedepth.SeeAnnexFtoDraftStandard
ISO/DIS10844foradescriptionoftheprocedure.
4. STABILITYINTIMEANDMAINTENANCE
4.1.Ageinfluence
Incommonwithmanyothersurfaces,itisexpectedthatthetyre/road
noiselevelsmeasuredonthetestsurfacemayincreaseslightlyduring
thefirstsixto12monthsafterconstruction.
The surface will achieve its required characteristics not earlier than
four weeks after construction. The influence of age on the noise
fromtrucksisgenerallylessthanthatfromcars.
The stability over time is determined mainly by the polishing and
compactionbyvehiclesdrivingonthesurface.Itshallbeperiodically
checkedasstatedinsection1.5.
4.2.Maintenanceofthesurface
Loose debris or dust which could significantly reduce the effective
texture depth must be removed from the surface. In countries with
winter climates, salt is sometimes used for de-icing. Salt may alter
the surface temporarily or even permanently in such a way as to
increasenoiseandisthereforenotrecommended.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—34
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4.3.Repavingthetestarea
Ifitisnecessarytorepavethetesttrack,itisusuallyunnecessaryto
repavemorethantheteststrip(of3mwidthinfigure1)wherevehi-
cles are driving provided the test area outside the strip met the
requirement of residual voids content or sound absorption when it
wasmeasured.
5. DOCUMENTATION OF THE SURFACE AND OF TESTS
PERFORMEDONIT
5.1.Documentationofthetestsurface
The following data shall be given in a document describing the test
surface:
(a) thelocationofthetesttrack;
(b) type of binder, binder hardness, type of aggregate, maximum
theoretical density of the concrete (‘DR’), thickness of the
wearing course and grading curve determined from cores from
thetesttrack;
(c) methodofcompaction(e.g.typeofroller,rollermass,numberof
passes);
(d) temperatureofthemix,temperatureoftheambientairandwind
speedduringlayingofthesurface;
(e) datewhenthesurfacewaslaidandcontractor;
(f) alloratleastthelatesttestresult,including:
(i) theresidualvoidscontentofeachcore;
(ii) thelocationsinthetestareafromwherethecoresforvoids
measurementhavebeentaken;
(iii) thesoundabsorptioncoefficientofeachcore(ifmeasured).
Specify the results both for each core and each frequency
rangeaswellastheoverallaverage;
(iv) the locations in the test area fromwhere the cores for
absorptionmeasurementhavebeentaken;
(v) texture depth, including the number of tests and standard
deviation;
(vi) theinstitutionresponsiblefortests(i)and(iii)andthetype
ofequipmentused;
(vii) dateofthetest(s)anddatewhenthecoresweretakenfrom
thetesttrack.
5.2.Documentationofvehicle noisetestsconductedonthesurface
Inthedocumentdescribingthevehiclenoisetest(s)itshallbestated
whetherall therequirments werefulfilled ornot.Reference shallbe
giventoadocumentaccordingtosection5.1.1970L0157—EN—01.01.1995—011.001—35