L.

FARM LABOUR FORCE The statistical information on farm labour force is collected in a way that makes it possible to compose tables where the data (e.g. on age and working time) from the different farm labour force categories and classes are crossed with each other and/or with any other survey characteristics. This means that each person doing farm work on the holdings is to be classified according to all classes required for the category. Data is collected only once for each person, i.e. if a person has multiple roles on the holding, for example a holder's spouse who at the same time is a manager, the data on this person is not to be double-counted. The data is to be collected in the same order as the categories, i.e. first the role as holder, then as manager, then as spouse, then as other family member. Group holdings (see B1(b)) are considered not to have family labour force. As a consequence, for group holdings data on items ‘spouse’ (normally L/2) and ‘other members of the family’ (normally L/3(a) and L/3(b)) are attributed to item L/4. In the case of holdings where the holder is a legal person the sections ‘holder’ (L/1), ‘spouse’ (L/2) and ‘other members of the family’ (L/3(a) and L/3(b)) are not completed. The manager is recorded under L/1(a) and considered to be non-family labour. If the spouse of the manager or his/her other family members are working regularly on the holding, they are recorded under L/4 and, if they are working non-regularly, under L/5 and 6. L/1 to L/6 Farm labour force of the holding I. All persons having completed their compulsory education (having reached school-leaving age) who carried out farm work on the holding under survey during the 12 months up to the survey day. The following are recorded in the survey, but are not counted in the ‘Total farm labour force’: — sole holders who do not carry out farm work on the holding, — sole holders' spouses who do not carry out farm work on the holding. Partners of group holdings who do not take part in the farm work of the holding are excluded from the survey. The observation period may be less than 12 months if the information provided is on a 12-month basis. All persons of retiring age who continue to work on the holding are included in the farm labour force.



Belgium 18 years Denmark 16 years Germany 15 or 16 years Greece 15 years Spain 16 years France 16 years Ireland 15 years Italy 16 years Luxembourg 15 years Netherlands 16 years Austria 15 years Portugal 15 years Finland 16 years Sweden 16 years United Kingdom 16 years ▼A1 Czech Republic 15 years Estonia 17 years Cyprus 15 years Latvia 18 years Lithuania 16 years Hungary 16 years Malta 16 years Poland 18 years Slovenia 15 years Slovakia 16 years ▼M4 Bulgaria 16 years Romania 15 years ▼M1 Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands have a system of full-time compulsory education up to a certain age and part-time compulsory education (usually as apprenticeships) for another two or three years. Germany has different rules in different Länder. Note:these ages must not be interpreted in a very strict way, as several Member States do not actually prescribe an end age, but a number of years of schooling the person must have followed. As a result, somebody who started at an unconventional age will also have the possibility of finishing at an unconventional age. Labour working on the holding but employed by a third party or under mutual-aid arrangements (e.g. labour of agricultural contractors or cooperatives) are not included. L/1 to L/6 Farm work I. Every type of work on the surveyed holding which contributes to the production of the products listed in Annex II and to the maintenance of the capacity of these products or to activities directly derived from these productive actions. II. ‘Work which contributes to production’ includes, inter alia, the following tasks: — organisation and management (buying and selling, accounting, etc.), — field labour (ploughing, haymaking, harvesting, etc.), — raising of animals (preparation and distribution of feed, milking, care of animals, etc.), — all work carried out on the holding in respect of storage, processing and market-preparation of primary agricultural products (ensiling, packing, etc.), — maintenance work (on buildings, machinery, installations, etc.), — holding own-account transports, in as far as this is carried out by the holding's own labour force, — all non-separable non-agricultural secondary activities. These are activities closely linked to agricultural production, which cannot be separated from the main agricultural activity (e.g. butter-making). Excluded from ‘farm work on the holding’ are: — work for the private household of the holder/partners or the manager(s) and their families, — any forestry, hunting, fishery or fish farming operation (whether or not carried out on the holding). A limited amount of such work carried out by an agricultural worker is, however, not excluded if it is impossible to measure it separately, — separable non-agricultural secondary activities (perhaps the processing of agricultural products on the holding), — any non-agricultural activity carried out, — any other gainful activities (see L/7 to L/9 ‘Other gainful activity’ and section M/1) carried out by the holder and/or the labour force. L/1 to L/6 The time worked on the holding I. The working time actually devoted to farm work for the holding, excluding work in the households of the holder or manager. II. ‘Full-time’ means the minimum hours required by the national provisions governing contracts of employment. If these do not indicate the number of annual hours then 1 800 hours is to be taken as the minimum figure (225 working days of eight hours per day). L/1 and L/1(a) Holder and holding manager: these are defined under B/1 and B/2 II. All requested information is collected for the natural person acting as holder (L/1) or holding manager (L/1(a)). If the holding is a group holding, the data is recorded for the person considered holder (see B/1(b)). Only data on natural persons is collected. This means that if the holder is a legal person, data is collected only for the manager. L/2 Holder's spouse II. Data is collected for spouses of sole holders, including those not working on the holding. Where the spouse is a partner on a group holding he/she is entered under L/4. If the spouse is the holding manager he or she is entered under L/1(a). L/3 Other members of the holder's family I. Members of the sole holder's family, other than the spouse, who carry out farm work on the holding, but who do not necessarily live on the holding. II. ‘Members of the holder's family’ generally means the spouse, relatives in the ascending or descending line (including those by marriage and by adoption) and brothers and sisters of the holder or his/her spouse (See B/2(a)). It is irrelevant whether or not such persons receive a wage or whether they work regularly or not. Where a member of the holder's family is the holding manager he or she should be entered under L/1(a) but under L/4 if he/she is a partner on a group holding. L/4 to L/6 Non-family labour force I. All persons doing farm work for and paid by the agricultural holding other than the holder and members of his family. II. Other partners on group holdings than the one considered holder (see B/1(b)), all spouses and other family members of partners on group holdings, carrying out farm work on the holding, are included here. They are treated as non-family labour, but it is irrelevant whether or not such persons receive a wage. L/4 Non-family labour force regularly employed I. Regularly employed labour force : Persons who carried out farm work every week on the holding under survey during the 12 months preceding the survey, irrespective of length of the working week. Persons who worked regularly for part of that period, but were unable for any of the following reasons to work for the entire period are also included: 1. special conditions of production on the holding; 2. absence by reason of holidays, military service, sickness, accident or death; 3. commencement or cessation of employment with the holding; 4. complete stoppage of work on the holding due to accidental causes (flooding, fire, etc.). II. Holdings with special conditions of production (point 1) include, for example, holdings specialising in growing olives or grapes or fruit and vegetables in the open or in fattening cattle on grass and only requiring labour for a limited number of months. Point 3 also covers workers who stop working for one farm to start working for another during the 12 months before the day of survey. Short-term seasonal workers, e.g. labour engaged solely as fruit and vegetable pickers, are not included here but under L/5 and L/6 where the number of days worked is entered. L/5 and L/6 Non-family labour force not regularly employed I. ‘Not regularly employed’ : workers who did not work each week on the agricultural holding in the 12 months preceding the survey day for a reason other than those listed under L/4. L/5 and L/6 Number of working days carried out by non-regular non-family labour force I. Any day of such length that the worker is paid the salary for a full days' work, during which there is performed work of the kind normally carried out by a full-time agricultural worker. Days of leave and sickness do not count as working days. II. A full working day is the normal working day of regular workers employed on a full-time basis. The working time of the non-regular labour force is converted into full working days, even if the hiring contract states that the working days are longer or shorter than for regular workers. L/7 to L/9 Other gainful activity I. Every activity other than activity relating to farm work as defined under L, carried out for remuneration (salary, wages, profits or other payment, including payment in kind, according to the service rendered). II. This includes non-agricultural gainful activities carried out on the holding itself (camping sites, accommodation for tourists, etc.) or on another agricultural holding as well as activity in a non-agricultural enterprise. Farm work carried out on another agricultural holding is included. Non-separable non-agricultural secondary gainful activities on the holding are excluded. L/7: data are collected for those holders that are also managers. L/8: data are collected only for holdings where the holder is a sole holder for all spouses (also for those who are not taking part in the farm work on the holding). L/9: data are collected only for holdings where the holder is a sole holder. Where the holder is a legal person, information is not collected for managers. Major occupation I. Activity declared by the respondent as being his main activity. II. Normally an activity which occupies more time than that relating to the farm work done for the agricultural holding under survey. If the respondent is not actually working on the holding, any gainful activity as described above would be considered a major occupation. Subsidiary occupation I. Any other activity of a respondent who declares the agricultural activity of the holding under survey to be his main activity. II. Normally an activity which occupies less time than that relating to the farm work done for the agricultural holding under survey. L/10 Equivalent full-time working days of farm work not included under L/1 to L/6, undertaken on the holding by persons not employed directly by the holding (e.g. contractors' employees) I. All types of farm work (see notes under L/1 to L/6 ‘Farm work’) undertaken on the holding for the holding by persons who are not directly employed by the holding, but are self-employed or employed by third parties, e.g. contractors or cooperatives. The number of hours worked must be converted into the equivalent number of days or weeks on a full-time basis. II. Working days of persons working on the holding on behalf of another person or company are included. Work done by agricultural accounting firms and unpaid mutual aid are excluded.