1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COMMISSIONDIRECTIVE95/45/EC
of26July1995
layingdownspecific puritycriteria concerningcoloursforuseinfoodstuffs
(TextwithEEArelevance)
(OJ L 226, 22.9.1995, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Directive 1999/75/EC of 22 July 1999 L 206 19 5.8.1999
►M2Commission Directive 2001/50/EC of 3 July 2001 L 190 14 12.7.2001
▼B
COMMISSIONDIRECTIVE95/45/EC
of26July1995
laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in
foodstuffs
(TextwithEEArelevance)
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Council Directive 89/107/EEC of 21 December 1988
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning food
additives authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for humanconsumption(
1), as last amended by Directive 94/34/EC(2), and in
particular Article 3 (3) (a) thereof,
After consulting the Scientific Committee for Food,Whereas it is necessary to establish purity criteria for all colours
mentioned in European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC of30 June 1994 on colours for use in foodstuffs(
3);
Whereas it is necessary to revise the purity criteria for colours
mentioned in the Council Directive of 23 October 1962 on the
approximation of the rules of the Member States concerning thecolouring matters authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for humanconsumption(
4), as last amended by Directive 85/7/EEC(5);
Whereas it is necessary to take into account the specifications and
analytical techniques for colours as set out in the Codex Alimentariusand the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
(JECFA);
Whereas food additives, prepared by production methods or starting
materials significantly different from those included in the evaluation ofthe Scientific Committee for Food, or different from those mentioned inthis Directive, shall be submitted for evaluation by the ScientificCommittee for Food for the purposes of a full evaluation with emphasis
on the purity criteria;
Whereas the measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance
with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Foodstuffs,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
The purity criteria referred to in Article 3 (3) (a) of Directive 89/107/
EEC for colours mentioned in Directive 94/36/EC are set out in the
Annex hereto.
Article 8 and Annex III to the Directive of 23 October 1962 are hereby
deleted.
Article 2
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply withth is Directive notlater than 1 July 1996. They shall immediately inform the Commissionthereof.
When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a
reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ No L 40, 11. 2. 1989, p. 27.
(2) OJ No L 237, 10. 9. 1994, p. 1.
(3) OJ No L 237, 10. 9. 1994, p. 13.
(4) OJ No 115, 11. 11. 1962, p. 2645/62.
(5) OJ No L 2, 3. 1. 1985, p. 22.
▼B
the time of their official publication. The procedure for such reference
shall be adopted by Member States.
2. Products put on the market or labelled before 1 July 1996 which do
not comply with this Directive may, however, be marketed until stocks
are exhausted.
Article 3
This Directive shall enter into force on the third day following that of its
publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities .
Article 4
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 3
▼B
ANNEX
A.Generalspecificationsforaluminiumlakesofcolours
Definition: Aluminium lakes are prepared by reacting colours
complying with the purity criteria set out in the
appropriate specification monographwithalumina under
aqueous conditions. The alumina is usually freshly
prepared undried material made by reacting aluminium
sulfate or chloride with sodium or calcium carbonate or
bicarbonate or ammonia. Following lake formation, the
product is filtered, washed with water and dried.
Unreacted alumina may also be present in the finished
product.
HCI insoluble matter Not more than 0,5 %
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % (under neutral conditions)
Specific purity criteria for the corresponding colours are
applicable.
B.SPECIFICCRITERIAOFPURITY
E100CURCUMIN
Synonyms CI Natural Yellow 3, Turmeric Yellow, Diferoyl
Methane
Definition Curcumin is obtained by solvent extraction of turmeric
i.e. the ground rhizomes of natural strains of Curcuma
longaL. In order to obtain a concentrated curcumin
powder, the extract is purified by crystallization. The
product consists essentially of curcumins; i.e. the
colouring principle (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphe-
nyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dione) and its two desmethoxy
derivatives in varying proportions. Minor amounts of
oils and resins naturally occuring in turmeric may be
present.
Only the following solvents may be used in the
extraction: ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide,
dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane.
Class Dicinnamoylmethane
Colour Index No 75300
Einecs 207-280-5Chemical names I 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-
diene-3,5-dione
II 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-
phenyl-)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
III 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
Chemical formula I C
21H20O6
II C20H18O5
III C19H16O4
Molecular weight I. 368,39
II. 338,39III. 308,39
Assay Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters
E
1%
1c m1607 at ca 426 nm in ethanol
Description Orange-yellow crystalline powder
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in ethanol at ca 426 nm
B. Melting Range 179 ºC—182 ºC1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 4
▼B
Purity
Solvent residues Ethylacetate/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationAcetone
n-butanol
Methanol
EthanolHexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E101(i)RIBOFLAVIN
Synonyms Lactoflavin
Class IsoalloxazineEinecs 201-507-1
Chemical names 7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)-
benzo(g)pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
7,8-dimethyl-10-(1 ′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine
Chemical formula C
17H20N4O6
Molecular weight 376,37
Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis
E1%
1c m328 at ca 444 nm in aqueous solution
Description Yellow to orange-yellow crystalline powder, withsligh t
odour
Identification
A. Spectrometry The ratio A375/A267is between
0,31 and 0,33/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150in aqueous solutionThe ratio A
444/A267is between
0,36 and 0,39
Maximum in water at ca 375 nm
B. Specific rotation ½α/C13820
Dbetween -115º and -140º in a 0,05 N sodium
hydroxide solution
Purity
Loss on drying Not more than 1,5 % after drying at 105 ºC for 4 hrs
Sulfated ashNot more th an 0,1 %
Primary aromatic amines Not more than 100 mg/kg (calculated as aniline)Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 5
▼B
E101(ii)RIBOFLAVIN-5 ′-PHOSPHATE
Synonyms Riboflavin-5 ′-phosphate sodium
Definition These specifications apply to riboflavin 5 ′-phosphate
together with minor amounts of free riboflavin and
riboflavin diphosphate
Class Isoalloxazine
Einecs 204-988-6
Chemical names Monosodium
(2R,3R,4S)-5-(3 ′)10′-dihydro-7 ′,8′-dimethyl-2 ′,4′-
dioxo-10 ′-benzo[ γ]pteridinyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl
phosphate;
monosodium salt of 5 ′-monophosphate ester of ribo-
flavin
Chemical formula For the dihydrate form: C17H20N4NaO9P.2H2O
For the anhydrous form: C17H20N4NaO9P
Molecular weight 541,36
Assay Content not less than 95 % total colouring matters
calculated as C17H20N4NaO9P.2H2O
E1%
1c m250 at ca 375 nm in aqueous solution
Description Yellow to orange crystalline hygroscopic powder, with
slight odour and a bitter taste
Identification
A. Spectrometry The ratio A375/A267is between
0,30 and 0,34/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150in aqueous solutionThe ratio A
444/A267is between
0,35 and 0,40
Maximum in water at ca 375 nm
B. Specific rotation ½α/C13820
Dbetween +38º and +42º in a 5 molar HCI solution
Purity
Loss on drying Not more than 8 % (100 ºC, 5 hrs in vacuum over P2O5)
for the dihydrate form
Sulfated ashNot more th an 25 %
Inorganic phosphate Not more than 1,0 % (calculated as PO4on the
anhydrous basis)
Subsidiary colouring matters Riboflavin (free): Not more than 6 %
Riboflavine diphosphate: Not more than 6 %
Primary aromatic amines Not more than 70 mg/kg (calculated as aniline)
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E102TARTRAZINE
Synonyms CI Food Yellow 4
Definition Tartrazine consists essentially of trisodium 5-hydroxy-
1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-
pyrazole-3-carboxylate and subsidiary colouring
matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium
sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 6
▼B
Tartrazine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class MonoazoColour Index No 19140Einecs 217-699-5
Chemical names Trisodium-5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfo-
natophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
Chemical formula C
16H9N4Na3O9S2
Molecular weight 534,37
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m530 at ca 426 nm in aqueous solution
Description Light orange powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 426 nm
B. Yellow solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 1,0 %Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-hydrazinobenzene sulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-2-pyrazo-
line-3-carboxylic acid
4,4′-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic
acid)
Tetrahydroxysuccinic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E104QUINOLINEYELLOW
Synonyms CI Food Yellow 13
Definition Quinoline Yellow is prepared by sulfonating 2-(2-
quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione. Quinoline Yellow consists
essentially of sodium salts of a mixture of disulfonates
(principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of the
above compound and subsidiary colouring matters
together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate
as the principal uncoloured components.
Quinoline Yellow is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Chinophthalone
Colour Index No 47005
Einecs 305-897-51995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 7
▼B
Chemical name The disodium salts of the disulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)
indan-1,3-dione (principal component)
Chemical formula C18H9NN a2O8S2(principal component)
Molecular weight 477,38 (principal component)Assay Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters
calculated as the sodium salt
Quinoline Yellow shall have the following composi-
tion:
Of the total colouring matters present:
— not less than 80 % shall be disodium 2-(2-quinolyl)
indan-1,3-dione-disulfonates
— not more than 15 % shall be sodium 2-(2-quinolyl)
indan-1,3-dione-monosulfonates
— not more than 7,0 % shall be trisodium 2-(2-
quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-trisulfonate
E
1%
1c m865 (principal component) at ca 411 nm in
aqueous acetic acid solution
Description Yellow powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous acetic acid solution of pH 5 at ca
411 nm
B. Yellow solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 4,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
2-methylquinoline/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %2-methylquinoline-sulfonic acid
Phthalic acid2,6-dimethyl quinoline
2,6-dimethyl quinoline sulfonic acid
2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione Not more than 4 mg/kgUnsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E110SUNSETYELLOWFCF
Synonyms CI Food Yellow 3, Orange Yellow S
Definition Sunset Yellow FCF consists essentially of disodium 2-
hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfo-
nate and subsidiary colouring matters together with
sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Sunset Yellow FCF is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 8
▼B
Colour Index No 15985
Einecs 220-491-7
Chemical names Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)
naphthalene-6-sulfonate
Chemical formula C16H10N2Na2O7S2
Molecular weight 452,37Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters
calculated as the sodium salt
E
1%
1c m555 at ca 485 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
Description Orange-red powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 485 nm at pH 7
B. Orange solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 5 %Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acid
6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic
acid
4,4′-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic
acid)
6,6′-oxydi(naphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid)
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditionsArsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E120COCHINEAL,CARMINICACID,CARMINES
Definition Carmines and carminic acid are obtained from aqueous,
aqueous alcoholic or alcoholic extracts from Cochineal,
with consists of the dried bodies of the female insect
Dactylopius coccus Costa.
The colouring principle is carminic acid.Aluminium lakes of carminic acid (carmines) can be
formed in which aluminium and carminic acid are
thought to be present in the molar ratio 1:2.
In commercial products the colouring principle is
present in association withammonium, calcium,
potassium or sodium cations, singly or in combination,
and these cations may also be present in excess.
Commercial products may also contain proteinaceous
material derived from the source insect, and may also1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 9
▼B
contain free carminate or a small residue of unbound
aluminium cations.
Class AnthraquinoneColour Index No 75470Einecs Cochineal: 215-680-6; carminic acid: 215-023-3;
carmines: 215-724-4
Chemical names 7- β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-
9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (carminic
acid); carmine is the hydrated aluminium chelate of
this acid
Chemical formula C
22H20O13(carminic acid)
Molecular weight 492,39 (carminic acid)
Assay Content not less than 2,0 % carminic acid in the
extracts containing carminic acid; not less than 50 %
carminic acid in the chelates.
Description Red to dark red, friable, solid or powder. Cochineal
extract is generally a dark red liquid but can also be
dried as a powder.
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at ca 518 nm
Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at ca 494 nm
for carminic acid
Purity
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E122AZORUBINE,CARMOISINE
Synonyms CI Food Red 3
Definition Azorubine consists essentially of disodium 4-hydroxy-
3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-1-sulfonate
and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium
chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Azorubine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 14720
Einecs 222-657-4Chemical name Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)
naphthalene-1-sulfonate
Chemical formula C
20H12N2Na2O7S2
Molecular weight 502,44
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m510 at ca 516 nm in aqueous solution
Description Red to maroon powder or granules1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 10
▼B
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 516 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 2,0 %Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 % 4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic
acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E123AMARANTH
Synonyms CI Food Red 9
Definition Amaranthconsists essentially of trisodium 2-h ydroxy-
1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-3,6-disulfo-
nate and subsidiary colouring matters together with
sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Amaranth is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 16185Einecs 213-022-2
Chemical name Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)
naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate
Chemical formula C
20H11N2Na3O10S3
Molecular weight 604,48
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m440 at ca 520 nm in aqueous solution
Description Reddish-brown powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 520 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 3,0 %1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 11
▼B
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acid
6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-trisul-
fonic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E124PONCEAU4R,COCHINEALREDA
Synonyms CI Food Red 7, New Coccine
Definition Ponceau 4R consists essentially of trisodium 2-
hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-
6,8-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters
together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate
as the principal uncoloured components.
Ponceau 4R is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 16255Einecs 220-036-2
Chemical name Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)
naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate
Chemical formula C
20H11N2Na3O10S3
Molecular weight 604,48
Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt.
E1%
1c m430 at ca 505 nm in aqueous solution
Description Reddishpowder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 505 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 1,0 %1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 12
▼B
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic
acid
3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acid
6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-trisul-
fonic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E127ERYTHROSINE
Synonyms CI Food Red 14
Definition Erythrosine consists essentially of disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-
tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl) benzoate mono-
hydrate and subsidiary colouring matters together with
water, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the
principal uncoloured components.
Erythrosine is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Xanthen
Colour Index No 45430
Einecs 240-474-8Chemical name Disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-
yl)benzoate monohydrate
Chemical formula C
20H6I4Na2O5.H2O
Molecular weight 897,88
Assay Content not less than 87 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the anhydrous sodium salt
E1%
1c m1100 at ca 526 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
Description Red powder or granules.
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 526 nm at pH 7B. Red solution in water
Purity
Inorganic iodides calculated as sodium
iodideNot more than 0,1 %
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters (except
fluorescein)Not more than 4,0 %
Fluorescein Not more than 20 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 13
▼B
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
Tri-iodoresorcinol Not more than 0,2 %2-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diodobenzoyl)
benzoic acidNot more than 0,2 %
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH from 7 through 8, not more than
0,2 %
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kgAluminium Lakes The hydrochloric acid insoluble matter method is not
applicable. It is replaced by a sodium hydroxide
insoluble matter, at not more than 0,5 %, for this
colour only
E128RED2G
Synonyms CI Food Red 10, Azogeranine
Definition Red 2G consists essentially of disodium 8-acetamido-1-
hydroxy-2-phenylazonaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate and
subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium
chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Red 2G is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 18050
Einecs 223-098-9Chemical name Disodium 8-acetamido-1-hydroxy-2-phenylazo-
naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate
Chemical formula C
18H13N3Na2O8S2
Molecular weight 509,43Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E
1%
1c m620 at ca 532 nm in aqueous solution
Description Red powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 532 nmB. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 2,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
5-acetamido-4-hydroxynaphthalene-
2,7-disulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-
disulfonic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 14
▼B
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E129ALLURAREDAC
Synonyms CI Food Red 17
Definition Allura Red AC consists essentially of disodium 2-
hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonato-pheny-
lazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring
matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium
sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
Allura Red AC is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 16035
Einecs 247-368-0Chemical name Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfo-
natophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate
Chemical formula C
18H14N2Na2O8S2
Molecular weight 496,42Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E
1%
1c m540 at ca 504 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
Description Dark red powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 504 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 3,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic
acid, sodium saltNot more than 0,3 %
4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbene-
zene sulfonic acidNot more than 0,2 %
6,6-oxybis (2-naphthalene sulfonic
acid) disodium saltNot more than 1,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 15
▼B
E131PATENTBLUEV
Synonyms CI Food Blue 5
Definition Patent Blue V consists essentially of the calcium or
sodium compound of [4-( α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-
hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)2,5-cyclohexa-
dien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt
and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium
chloride and/or sodium sulfate and/or calcium sulfate as
the principal uncoloured components.
The potassium salt is also permitted.
Class Triarylmethane
Colour Index No 42051Einecs 222-573-8
Chemical names The calcium or sodium compound of [4-( α-(4-diethy-
laminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methyli-
dene) 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethyl-ammonium
hydroxide inner salt
Chemical formula Calcium compound: C
27H31N2O7S2Ca1/2
Sodium compound: C27H31N2O7S2Na
Molecular weight Calcium compound: 579,72
Sodium compound: 582,67
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m2000 at ca 638 nm in aqueous solution at pH 5
Description Dark-blue powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at 638 nm at pH 5B. Blue solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 2,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
3-hydroxy benzaldehyde/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 %3-hydroxy benzoic acid
3-hydroxy-4-sulfobenzoic acid
N,N-diethylamino benzene sulfonic
acid
Leuco base Not more than 4,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 5 not more than 0,2 %Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 16
▼B
E132INDIGOTINE,INDIGOCARMINE
Synonyms CI Food Blue 1
Definition Indigotine consists essentially of a mixture of disodium
3,3′dioxo-2,2 ′-bi-indolylidene-5,5 ′-disulfonate, and
disodium 3,3 ′-dioxo-2,2 ′-bi-indolylidene-5,7 ′-disulfo-
nate and subsidiary colouring matters together with
sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Indigotine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Indigoid
Colour Index No 73015Einecs 212-728-8
Chemical names Disodium 3,3 ′-dioxo-2,2 ′-bi-indolylidene-5,5 ′-disulfo-
nate
Chemical formula C
16H8N2Na2O8S2
Molecular weight 466,36
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt;
disodium 3,3 ′-dioxo-2,2 ′-bi-indolylidene-5,7 ′-disulfo-
nate: not more than 18 %
E1%
1c m480 at ca 610 nm in aqueous solution
Description Dark-blue powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 610 nm
B. Blue solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Excluding disodium 3,3 ′-dioxo-2,2 ′-bi-indolylidene-
5,7′-disulfonate: not more than 1,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
Isatin-5-sulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,5 % 5-sulfoanthranilic acid
Anthranilic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E133BRILLIANTBLUEFCF
Synonyms CI Food Blue 2
Definition Brilliant Blue FCF consists essentially of disodium α-
(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phenyl)- α-(4-N-
ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-dienyli-
dene) toluene-2-sulfonate and its isomers and
subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium
chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 17
▼B
uncoloured components.
Brilliant Blue FCF is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Triarylmethane
Colour Index No 42090
Einecs 223-339-8Chemical names Disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino)
phenyl)- α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclo-
hexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate
Chemical formula C
37H34N2Na2O9S3
Molecular weight 792,84
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m1630 at ca 630 nm in aqueous solution
Description Reddish-blue powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 630 nm
B. Blue solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 6,0 %Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
Sum of 2-, 3- and 4-formyl benzene
sulfonic acidsNot more than 1,5 %
3-((ethyl)(4-sulfophenyl) amino)
methyl benzene sulfonic acidNot more than 0,3 %
Leuco base Not more than 5,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic
aminesNot more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % at pH 7
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E140(i)CHLOROPHYLLS
Synonyms CI Natural Green 3, Magnesium Chlorophyll, Magne-
sium Phaeophytin
Definition Chlorophylls are obtained by solvent extraction of
natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne
and nettle. During the subsequent removal of solvent,
the naturally present co-ordinated magnesium may be
wholly or partly removed from the chlorophylls to give
the corresponding phaeophytins. The principal
colouring matters are the phaeophytins and magnesium
chlorophylls. The extracted product, from which the
solvent has been removed, contains other pigments
suchas carotenoids as well as oils, fats and waxes
derived from the source material. Only the following
solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone,
methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide,1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 18
▼B
methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane.
Class Porphyrin
Colour Index No 75810Einecs Chlorophylls: 215-800-7, chlorophyll a: 207-536-6,
Chlorophyll b: 208-272-4
Chemical names The major colouring principles are:
Phytyl (13
2R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycar-
bonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13 ′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-
17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta [at]-porphyrin-17-yl)pro-
pionate, (Pheophytin a), or as the magnesium
complex (Chlorophyll a)
Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methox-
ycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13 ′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-
17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propio-
nate, (Pheophytin b), or as the magnesium complex
(Chlorophyll b)
Chemical formula Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): C55H72MgN4O5
Chlorophyll a: C55H74N4O5
Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): C55H70MgN4O6
Chlorophyll b: C55H72N4O6
Molecular weight Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): 893,51
Chlorophyll a: 871,22
Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): 907,49
Chlorophyll b: 885,20
Assay Content of total combined Chlorophylls and their
magnesium complexes is not less than 10 %
E1%
1c m700 at ca 409 nm in chloroform
Description Waxy solid ranging in colour from olive green to dark
green depending on the content of co-ordinated
magnesium
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform at ca 409 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/
kg, singly or in combi-
nationMethyl Ethyl ketone
MethanolEthanol
Propan-2-ol
HexaneDichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E140(ii)CHLOROPHYLLINS
Synonyms CI Natural Green 5, Sodium Chlorophyllin, Potassium
Chlorophyllin
Definition The alkali salts of chlorophyllins are obtained by the
saponification of a solvent extract of natural strains of1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 19
▼B
edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. The
saponification removes the methyl and phytol ester
groups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring.
The acid groups are neutralized to form the salts of
potassium and/or sodium.
Only the following solvents may be used for the
extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloro-
methane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-
2-ol and hexane.
Class Porphyrin
Colour Index No 75815
Einecs 287-483-3Chemical names The major colouring principles in their acid forms are:
— 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-
oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin
a)
and
— 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-
9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chloro-
phyllin b)
Depending on the degree of hydrolysis the cyclopen-
tenyl ring may be cleaved withth e resultant production
of a third carboxyl function.
Magnesium complexes may also be present.
Chemical formula Chlorophyllin a (acid form):C
34H34N4O5
Chlorophyllin b (acid form):C34H32N4O6
Molecular weight Chlorophyllin a: 578,68
Chlorophyllin b: 592,66
Eachmay be increased by 18 daltons if th e cyclopen-
tenyl ring is cleaved.
Assay Content of total chlorophyllins is not less than 95 % of
the sample dried at ca 100 ºC for 1 hour.
E1%
1c m700 at ca 405 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9
E1%
1c m140 at ca 653 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9
Description Dark green to blue/black powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 9 at ca
405 nm and at ca 653 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/
kg, singly or in combi-
nationMethyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
EthanolPropan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 20
▼B
E141(i)COPPERCOMPLEXESOFCHLOROPHYLLS
Synonyms CI Natural Green 3, Copper Chlorophyll, Copper
Phaeophytin
Definition Copper chlorophylls are obtained by addition of a salt
of copper to the substance obtained by solvent
extraction of natural strains of edible plant material,
grass, lucerne, and nettle. The product, from which the
solvent has been removed, contains other pigments
suchas carotenoids as well as fats and waxes derived
from the source material. The principal colouring
matters are the copper phaeophytins. Only the
following solvents may be used for the extraction:
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon
dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane.
Class PorphyrinColour Index No 75815
Einecs Copper chlorophyll a: 239-830-5; copper chlorophyll b:
246-020-5
Chemical names [Phytyl (13
2R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycar-
bonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13 ′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-
17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propio-
nate] copper (II) (Copper Chlorophyll a)
[Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-meth-
oxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13 ′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-
132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-
yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper chlorophyll b)
Chemical formula Copper chlorophyll a: C55H72Cu N4O5
Copper chlorophyll b: C55H70Cu N4O6
Molecular weight Copper chlorophyll a: 932,75
Copper chlorophyll b: 946,73
Assay Content of total copper chlorophylls is not less than
10 %.
E1%
1c m540 at ca 422 nm in chloroform
E1%
1c m300 at ca 652 nm in chloroform
Description Waxy solid ranging in colour from blue green to dark
green depending on the source material
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform at ca 422nm and at ca 652 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationMethyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
EthanolPropan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Copper ions Not more than 200 mg/kg
Total copper Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper phaeophytins1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 21
▼B
E141(ii)COPPERCOMPLEXESOFCHLOROPHYLLINS
Synonyms Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin, Potassium Copper
Chlorophyllin, CI Natural Green 5
Definition The alkali salts of copper chlorophyllins are obtained
by the addition of copper to the product obtained by the
saponification of a solvent extraction of natural strains
of edible plant material, grass, lucerne, and nettle; the
saponification removes the methyl and phytol ester
groups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring.
After addition of copper to the purified chlorophyllins,
the acid groups are neutralized to form the salts of
potassium and/or sodium.
Only the following solvents may be used for the
extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloro-
methane, carbon dioxide methanol, ethanol, propan-2-
ol and hexane.
Class PorphyrinColour Index No 75815EinecsChemical names The major colouring principles in their acid forms are
3-(10-Carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2-
vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate, copper complex (Copper
chlorophyllin a)
and
3-(10-Carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-9-
oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl) propionate, copper complex
(Copper chlorophyllin b)
Chemical formula Copper chlorophyllin a (acid form): C
34H32Cu N4O5
Copper chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H30Cu N4O6
Molecular weight Copper chlorophyllin a: 640,20
Copper chlorophyllin b: 654,18
Eachmay be increased by 18 daltons if th e cyclopen-
tenyl ring is cleaved.
Assay Content of total copper chlorophyllins is not less than
95 % of the sample dried at 100 ºC for 1 h.
E1%
1c m565 at ca 405 nm in aqueous phosphate buffer at
pH 7,5
E1%
1c m145 at ca 630 nm in aqueous phosphate buffer at
pH 7,5
Description Dark green to blue/black powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7,5 at ca
405 nm and at 630 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationMethyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
EthanolPropan-2-olHexaneDichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 22
▼B
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Copper ions Not more than 200 mg/kg
Total copper Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper chlorophyllins
E142GREENS
Synonyms CI Food Green 4, Brilliant Green BS
Definition Green S consists essentially of sodium N-[4-(dimethy-
lamino)phenyl] 2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-1-
naphthalenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-
ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium and subsidiary
colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/
or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured
compounds.
Green S is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class TriarylmethaneColour Index No 44090
Einecs 221-409-2
Chemical names Sodium N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](2-hydroxy-
3,6-disulfo-1-naphthalenyl)-methylene]2,5-cyclohexa-
dien-1-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium;
Sodium 5-[4-dimethylamino- α-(4-dimethyliminocyclo-
hexa-2,5-dienylidene) benzyl]-6-hydroxy-7-sulfonato-
naphthalene-2-sulfonate (alternative chemical name).
Chemical formula C
27H25N2NaO7S2
Molecular weight 576,63
Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m1720 at ca 632 nm in aqueous solution
Description Dark blue or dark green powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 632 nm
B. Blue or green solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 1,0 %Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-benzhydryl
alcoholNot more than 0,1 %
4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophe-
noneNot more than 0,1 %
3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acidNot more than 0,2 %
Leuco base Not more than 5,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic
aminesNot more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 23
▼B
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E150aPLAINCARAMEL
Definition Plain caramel is prepared by the controlled heat
treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available
food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the mono-
mers glucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g.
glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert syrups, and
dextrose). To promote caramelization, acids, alkalis
and salts may be employed, withth e exception of
ammonium compounds and sulphites.
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose Not more than 50 %Colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose Not more than 50 %
Colour intensity (
1) 0,01—0,12
Total nitrogen Not more than 0,1 %Total sulphur Not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 2 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at 610 nm.
E150bCAUSTICSULPHITECARAMEL
Definition Caustic sulphite caramel is prepared by the controlled
heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially avail-
able food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the
monomers glucose and fructose and/or polymers
thereof, e.g. glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invertsyrups,and dextrose) withor without acids or alkalis, in
the presence of sulphite compounds (sulphurous acid,
potassium sulphite, potassium bisulphite, sodium
sulphite and sodium bisulphite); no ammonium
compounds are used.
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose More than 50 %
Colour intensity (
1) 0,05—0,13
Total nitrogen Not more than 0,3 % (2)
Sulphur dioxide Not more than 0,2 % (2)
Total sulphur 0,3—3,5 % (2)
Sulphur bound by DEAE cellulose More than 40 %Absorbance ratio of colour bound by
DEAE cellulose19—34
Absorbance ratio
(A 280/560)Greater than 50
Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 24
▼B
Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at 610 nm.
(2) Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1
absorbance units.
E150cAMMONIACARAMEL
Definition Ammonia caramel is prepared by the controlled heat
treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available
food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the mono-
mers glucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g.
glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert syrups, and
dextrose) with or without acids or alkalis, in the
presence of ammonium compounds (ammonium hydro-
xide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen
carbonate and ammonium phosphate); no sulphite
compounds are used.
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose Not more than 50 %
Colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose More than 50 %Colour intensity (
1) 0,08—0,36
Ammoniacal nitrogen Not more than 0,3 % (2)
4-methylimidazole Not more than 250 mg/kg (2)
2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxy-butylimidazole Not more than 10 mg/kg (2)
Total sulphur Not more than 0,2 % (2)
Total nitrogen 0,7—3,3 % (2)
Absorbance ratio of colour bound by
phosphoryl cellulose13—35
Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at 610 nm.
(2) Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1
absorbance units.
E150dSULPHITEAMMONIACARAMEL
Definition Sulphite ammonia caramel is prepared bythe controlled
heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially avail-
able food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the
monomers glucose and fructose and/or polymers
thereof (e.g. glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert
syrups, and dextrose) withor with out acids or alkalis in
the presence of both sulphite and ammonium
compounds (sulphurous acid, potassium sulphite,
potassium bisulphite, sodium sulphite, sodium bisul-
phite, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate,
ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium phosphate,
ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulphite and ammo-
nium hydrogen sulphite).1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 25
▼B
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose More than 50 %
Colour intensity (1) 0,10—0,60
Ammoniacal nitrogen Not more than 0,6 % (2)
Sulphur dioxide Not more than 0,2 % (2)
4-methylimidazole Not more than 250 mg/kg (2)
Total nitrogen 0,3—1,7 % (2)
Total sulphur 0,8—2,5 % (2)
Nitrogen/sulphur ratio of alcohol preci-
pitate0,7—2,7
Absorbance ratio of alcohol precipi-
tate (3)8—14
Absorbance ratio (A280/560) Not more than 50
Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 2 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at 610 nm.
(2) Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1
absorbance units.
(3) Absorbance ratio of alcohol precipitate is defined as the absorbance of the precipitate at 280 nm divided by the
absorbance at 560 nm (1 cm cell).
E151BRILLIANTBLACKBN,BLACKPN
Synonyms CI Food Black 1
Definition Brilliant Black BN consists essentially of tetrasodium-
4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonato-
phenylazo)-1-naphthylazo] naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium
chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Brilliant Black BN is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class BisazoColour Index No 28440
Einecs 219-746-5
Chemical names Tetrasodium 4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-
(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphthylazo] naphthalene-
1,7-disulfonate
Chemical formula C
28H17N5Na4O14S4
Molecular weight 867,69Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters
calculated as the sodium salt
E
1%
1c m530 at ca 570 nm in solution
Description Black powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 570 nm1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 26
▼B
B. Black-bluishsolution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 10 % (expressed on the dye content)
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-acetamido-5-hydroxynaphthalene-
1,7-disulfonic acid/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Total not more than 0,8 %4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-
disulfonic acid
8-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid4,4′-diazoaminodi-(benzenesulfonic
acid)
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E153VEGETABLECARBON
Synonyms Vegetable black
Definition Vegetable carbon is produced by the carbonization of
vegetable material suchas wood, cellulose residues,
peat and coconut and other shells. The raw material is
carbonized at high temperatures. It consists essentially
of finely divided carbon. It may contain minor amounts
of nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. Some moisture may
be absorbed on the product after manufacture.
Colour Index No 77266
Einecs 215-609-9Chemical names Carbon
Chemical formula C
Molecular weight 12,01Assay Content not less than 95 % of carbon calculated on an
anhydrous and ash-free basis
Description Black powder, odourless and tasteless
Identification
A. Solubility Insoluble in water and organic solvents
B. Burning When heated to redness it burns slowly without a flame
Purity
Ash(Total) Not more th an 4,0 % (ignition temperature: 625 ºC)
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 27
▼B
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons The extract obtained by extraction of 1 g of the product
with10 g pure cycloh exane in a continuous extraction
apparatus shall be colourless, and the fluorescence ofthe extract in ultraviolet light shall not be more intense
than that of a solution of 0,100 mg of quinine sulfate in
1 000 ml of 0,01 M sulphuric acid.
Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (120 ºC, 4 hrs)
Alkali soluble matter The filtrate obtained by boiling 2 g of the sample with
20 ml N sodium hydroxide and filtering shall be
colourless
E154BROWNFK
Synonyms CI Food Brown 1
Definition Brown FK consists essentially of a mixture of:
I sodium 4-(2,4-diaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonate
II sodium 4-(4,6-diamino-m-tolylazo) benzenesulfo-
nate
III disodium 4,4 ′-(4,6-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
IV disodium 4,4 ′-(2,4-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
V disodium 4,4 ′-(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-1,3-phenyle-
nebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
VI trisodium 4,4 ′,4″-(2,4-diaminobenzene-1,3,5-trisa-
zo)tri-(benzenesulfonate)
and subsidiary colouring matters together with water,
sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal
uncoloured components.
Brown FK is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Azo (a mixture of mono-, bis- and trisazo colours)Einecs
Chemical names A mixture of:
I sodium 4-(2,4-diaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonate
II sodium 4-(4,6-diamino-m-tolylazo) benzenesulfo-
nate
III disodium 4,4 ′-(4,6-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
IV disodium 4,4 ′-(2,4-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
V disodium 4,4 ′-(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-1,3-phenyle-
nebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
VI trisodium 4,4 ′,4″-(2,4-diaminobenzene-1,3,5-trisa-
zo)tri-(benzenesulfonate)
Chemical formula I C
12H11N4NaO3S
II C13H13N4NaO3S
III C18H14N6Na2O6S2
IV C18H14N6Na2O6S2
VC19H16N6Na2O6S2
VI C24H17N8Na3O9S3
Molecular weight I 314,30
II 328,33
III 520,46
IV 520,46
V 534,47
VI 726,59
Assay Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters
Of the total colouring matters present the proportions of
the components shall not exceed:
I2 6%
II 17 %1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 28
▼B
III 17 %
IV 16 %
V2 0%
VI 16 %
Description Red-brown powder or granules
Identification
Orange to reddishsolution
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 3,5 %Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid Not more than 0,7 %m-phenylenediamine and 4-methyl-
m-phenylenediamineNot more than 0,35 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
other than m-phenylene diamine and 4-
methyl-m-phenylene diamineNot more than 0,007 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E155BROWNHT
Synonyms CI Food Brown 3
Definition Brown HT consists essentially of disodium 4,4 ′-(2,4-
dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-phenylene bisazo) di
(naphthalene-1-sulfonate) and subsidiary colouring
matters together with sodium chloride and/or sulfate
as the principal uncoloured components.
Brown HT is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and potassium salt are also permitted.
Class BisazoColour Index No 20285
Einecs 224-924-0
Chemical names Disodium 4,4 ′-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-
phenylene bisazo)di (naphthalene-1-sulfonate)
Chemical formula C
27H18N4Na2O9S2
Molecular weight 652,57
Assay Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters
calculated as the sodium salt.
E1%
1c m403 at ca 460 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
Description Reddish-brown powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water of pH 7 at ca 460 nm
B. Brown solution in water1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 29
▼B
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 10 % (TLCmethod)Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Not more than 0,7 %Unsulfonated primary aromatic
aminesNot more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % in a solution of pH 7
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E160a (i)MIXEDCAROTENES
1.Plantcarotenes
Synonyms CI food orange 5
Definition Mixed carotenes are obtained by solvent extraction of
natural strains of edible plants, carrots, vegetable oils,
grass, alfalfa (lucerne) and nettle
The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of
which β-carotene accountes for the major part. α, γ-
carotene and other pigments may be present. Besides
the colour pigments, this substance may contain oils,
fats and waxes naturally occurring in the source
material
Only the following solvents may be used in the
extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol,
ethanol, propan-2-ol, hexane (*), dichloromethane and
carbon dioxide
Class Carotenoid
Colour index No 75130
Einecs 230-636-6Chemical formula β-carotene: C
40H56
Molecular weight β-carotene: 536,88
Assay Content of carotenes (calculated as β-carotene) is not
less than 5 %. For products obtained by extraction of
vegetables oils: not less than 0,2 % in edible fats
E1%
1c m2500 at approximately 440 nm to 457 nm in
cyclohexane
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 440 nm to 457 nm and
470 nm to 486 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationMethyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
Propan-2-olHexane
Ethanol
Dichloromethane Not more than 10 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 30
▼M2
▼M2
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
2.Algalcarotenes
Synonyms CI food orange 5
Definition Mixed carotenes may also be produced from natural
strains of the algae Dunaliella salina , grown in large
saline lakes located in Whyalla, South Australia. β-
carotene is extracted using an essential oil. The
preparation is a 20 to 30 % suspension in edible oil.
The ratio of trans-cis isomers is in the range of 50/50 to
71/29
The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of
which β-carotene accounts for the major part. α-
carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin may
be present. Besides the colour pigments, this substance
may contain oils, fats and waxes naturally occurring in
the source material
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 75130Chemical formula β-Carotene: C
40H56
Molecular weight β-Carotene: 536,88
Assay Content of carotenes (calculated as β-carotene) is not
less than 20 %
E1%
1c m2 500 at approximately by 440 nm to 457 nm in
cyclohexane
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 448 nm to 457 nm and
474 nm to 486 nm
Purity
Natural tocopherols in edible oil Not more than 0,3 %
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 5 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
(*) Benzene not more than 0,05 % v/v.
E160a (ii)BETA-CAROTENE
1.Beta-carotene
Synonyms CI food orange 5
Definition These specifications apply predominantly to all trans
isomer of β-carotene together with minor amounts of
other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilised preparations
may have different trans-cis isomer ratios
Class Carotenoid
Colour index No 40800
Einecs 230-636-6Chemical names β-carotene, β,β-carotene
Chemical formula C
40H56
Molecular weight 536,881995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 31
▼M2
Assay Not less than 96 % total colouring matters (expressed
asβ-carotene)
E1%
1c m2 500 at approximately by 440 nm to 457 nm in
cyclohexane
Description Red to brownish-red crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 453 nm to 456 nm
Purity
Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than β-carotene: not more than 3,0 %
of total colouring matters
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
2.Beta-carotene fromBlakesleatris-
pora
Synonyms CI food orange 5
Definition Obtained by a fermentation process using a mixed
culture of the two sexual mating types (+) and (–) of
natural strains of the fungus Blakeslea trispora .T he β-
carotene is extracted from the biomass with ethyl
acetate and crystallised. The crystallised product
consists mainly of trans β-carotene. Because of the
natural process approximately 3 % of the product
consists of mixed carotenoids, which is specific for the
product
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 40800
Einecs 230-636-6Chemical names β-carotene, β,β-carotene
Chemical formula C
40H56
Molecular weight 536,88
Assay Not less than 96 % total colouring matters (expressed
asβ-carotene)
E1%
1c m2500 at approximately 440 nm to 457 nm in
cyclohexane
Description Red to brownish-red crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 453 nm to 456 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Ethyl acetate/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 0,8 %,
singly or in combina-
tionEthanol
Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than β-carotene: not more than 3,0 %
of total colouring matters
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 5 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgAflatoxin B1 AbsentMycotoxins:1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 32
▼M2
T2/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Absent Ochratoxin
Zearalenone
Microbiology:Moulds Not more than 100/g
Yeasts Not more than 100/g
Salmonella Absent in 25 g
Escherichia coli Absent in 5 g
E160bANNATTO,BIXIN,NORBIXIN
Synonyms CI Natural Orange 4
Definition
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 75120
Einecs Annatto: 215-735-4, annatto seed extract: 289-561-2;
bixin: 230-248-7
Chemical names Bixin: 6 ′-Methylhydrogen-9 ′-cis-6,6 ′-diapocaro-
tene-6,6 ′-dioate
6′-Methylhydrogen-9 ′-trans-6,6 ′-diapocaro-
tene-6,6 ′-dioate
Norbixin: 9 ′Cis-6,6 ′-diapocarotene-6,6 ′-dioic acid
9′-Trans-6,6 ′-diapocarotene-6,6 ′-dioic acid
Chemical formula Bixin: C
25H30O4
Norbixin: C24H28O4
Molecular weight Bixin: 394,51
Norbixin: 380,48
Description Reddish-brown powder, suspension or solution
Identification
Spectrometry Bixin: maximum in chloroform at ca 502 nm
Norbixin: maximum in dilute KOH solution at ca
482 nm
(i)Solvent extracted bixin and norbixin
Definition Bixin is prepared by the extraction of the outer coating
of the seeds of the annatto tree ( Bixa orellana L.) with
one or more of the following solvents: acetone,
methanol, hexane or dichloromethane, carbon dioxide
followed by the removal of the solvent.
Norbixin is prepared by hydrolysis by aqueous alkali of
the extracted bixin.
Bixin and norbixin may contain other materials
extracted from the annatto seed.
The bixin powder contains several coloured compo-
nents, the major single one being bixin, which may be
present in bothcis- and trans- forms. Th ermal
degradation products of bixin may also be present.
The norbixin powder contains the hydrolysis product of
bixin, in the form of the sodium or potassium salts as
the major colouring principle. Both cis- and trans-forms
may be present.1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 33
▼B
▼B
Assay Content of bixin powders not less than 75 % total
carotenoids calculated as bixin.
Content of norbixin powders not less than 25 % total
carotenoids calculated as norbixin
Bixin: E1%
1c m2870 at ca 502 nm in chloro-
form
Norbixin: E1%
1c m2870 at ca 482 nm in KOH
solution
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150not more than 50 mg/kg, singly
or in combinationMethanol
HexaneDichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
(ii)Alkali extracted annatto
Definition Water soluble annatto is prepared by extraction with
aqueous alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxide) of the
outer coating of the seeds of the annatto tree ( Bixa
orellana L. )
Water soluble annatto contains norbixin, the hydrolysis
product of bixin, in the form of the sodium or
potassium salts, as the major colouring principle.
Bothcis- and trans- forms may be present.
Assay Contains not less than 0,1 % of total carotenoids
expressed as norbixin
Norbixin: E
1%
1c m2870 at ca 482 nm in KOH
solution
Purity
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
(iii)Oil extracted annatto
Definition Annatto extracts in oil, as solution or suspension, are
prepared by extraction of the outer coating of the seeds
of the annatto tree ( Bixa orellana L. ) withedible
vegetable oil. Annatto extract in oil contains several
coloured components, the major single one being bixin,
which may be present in both cis- and trans- forms.
Thermal degradation products of bixin may also be
present.
Assay Contains not less than 0,1 % of total carotenoids
expressed as bixin
Bixin: E
1%
1c m2870 at ca 502 nm in chloro-
form
Purity
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 34
▼B
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E160cPAPRIKAEXTRACT,CAPSANTHIN,CAPSORUBIN
Synonyms Paprika Oleoresin
Definition Paprika extract is obtained by solvent extraction of the
natural strains of paprika, which consists of the ground
fruits pods, withor with out seeds, of Capsicum annuum
L., and contains the major colouring principles of this
spice. The major colouring principles are capsanthin
and capsorubin. A wide variety of other coloured
compounds is known to be present.
Only the following solvents may be used in the
extraction: methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, dichlor-
omethane, ethyl acetate and carbon dioxide.
Class Carotenoid
Einecs Capsanthin: 207-364-1, capsorubin: 207-425-2
Chemical names Capsanthin: (3R, 3 ′S, 5 ′R)-3,3 ′-dihydroxy- β,k-caro-
tene-6-one
Capsorubin: (3S, 3 ′S, 5R, 5R ′)-3,3′-dihydroxy-k,k-
carotene-6,6 ′-dione
Chemical formula Capsanthin: C40H56O3
Capsorubin: C40H56O4
Molecular weight Capsanthin: 584,85
Capsorubin: 600,85
Assay Paprika extrakt: content not less than 7,0 % carotinoids
Capsanthin/capsorubin: not less than 30 % of total
carotenoids
E1%
1c m2100 at ca 462 nm in acetone
Description Dark-red viscous liquid
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in acetone at ca 462 nmB. Colour reaction A deep blue colour is produced by adding one drop of
sulfuric acid to one drop of sample in 2—3 drops of
chloroform
Purity
Solvent residues Ethyl acetate/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationMethanol
Ethanol
AcetoneHexane
Dichloromethan: not more than 10 mg/kg
Capsaicin Not more than 250 mg/kgArsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 35
▼B
E160dLYCOPENE
Synonyms Natural Yellow 27
Definition Lycopene is obtained by solvent extraction of the
natural strains of red tomatoes ( Lycopersicon escu-
lentumL.) withsubsequent removal of th e solvent.
Only the following solvents may be used: dichloro-
methane, carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, acetone,
propan-2-ol, methanol, ethanol, hexane. The major
colouring principle of tomatoes is lycopene, minor
amounts of other carotenoid pigments may be present.
Beside the other colour pigments the product may
contain oils, fats, waxes, and flavour components
naturally occurring in tomatoes.
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 75125
Chemical names Lycopene, Lycopene, ψ,ψ-carotene
Chemical formula C40H56
Molecular weight 536,85Assay E
1%
1c m3450 at ca 472 nm in hexane
E1%
1c m3450 at ca 472 nm in hexane
Description Dark red viscous liquid
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in hexane at ca 472 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Ethyl acetate/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationMethanol
Ethanol
Acetone
HexanePropan-2-ol
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Sulfated ashNot more th an 0,1 %Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E160eBETA-APO-8 ′-CAROTENAL(C30)
Synonyms CI Food Orange 6
Definition These specifications apply to predominantly all trans
isomer of β-apo-8 ′-carotenal together with minor
amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized
forms are prepared from β-apo-8 ′-carotenal meeting
these specifications and include solutions or suspen-
sions of ß-apo-8 ′carotenal in edible fats or oils,
emulsions and water dispersible powders. These
preparations may have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
Class CarotinoidColour Index No 40820
Einecs 214-171-6
Chemical names β-Apo-8 ′-carotenal, Trans- β-apo-8 ′carotene-aldehyde1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 36
▼B
Chemical formula C30H40O
Molecular weight 416,65
Assay Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
E1%
1c m2640 at 460—462 nm in cyclohexane
Description Dark violet crystals withmetallic lustre or crystalline
powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 460—462 nm
Purity
Sulfated ashNot more th an 0,1 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than β-apo-8 ′-carotenal:
not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg
E160fETHYLESTEROFBETA-APO-8 ′-CAROTENOICACID(C30)
Synonyms CI Food Orange 7, β-apo-8 ′-carotenoic ester
Definition These specifications apply to predominantly all trans
isomer of β-apo-8 ′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester together
withminor amounts of oth er carotenoids. Diluted and
stabilized forms are prepared from β-apo-8 ′-carotenoic
acid ethyl ester meeting these specifications and
include solutions or suspensions of β-apo-8 ′-carotenoic
acid ethyl ester in edible fats or oils, emulsions and
water dispersible powders. These preparations may
have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
Class Carotinoid
Colour Index No 40825Einecs 214-173-7
Chemical names β-Apo-8 ′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, ethyl 8 ′-apo- β-
caroten-8 ′-oate
Chemical formula C
32H44O2
Molecular weight 460,70
Assay Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
E1%
1c m2550 at ca 449 nm in cyclohexane
Description Red to violet-red crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at ca 449 nm
Purity
Sulfated ashNot more th an 0,1 %Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than β-apo-8 ′-carotenoic acid ethyl
ester: not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
Not more than 3,0 % der Farbstoffe insgesamt
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 37
▼B
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg
E161bLUTEIN
Synonyms Mixed Carotenoids, Xanthophylls
Definition Lutein is obtained by solvent extraction of the natural
strains of edible fruits and plants, grass, lucerne
(alfalfa) and tagetes erecta . The main colouring
principle consists of carotenoids of which lutein and
its fatty acid esters account for the major part. Variable
amounts of carotenes will also be present. Lutein may
contain fats, oils and waxes naturally occurring in the
plant material.
Only the following solvents may be used for the
extraction: methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, hexane,
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane and
carbon dioxide
Class Carotenoid
Einecs 204-840-0
Chemical names 3,3 ′-dihydroxy-d-carotene
Chemical formula C40H56O2
Molecular weight 568,88Assay Content of total colouring matter not less than 4 %
calculated as lutein
E
1%
1c m2550 at ca 445 nm in chloroform/ethanol
(10 + 90) or in hexane/ethanol/acetone (80 + 10 + 10)
Description Dark, yellowishbrown liquid
Identification
Spectrometry Maximuminchloroform/ethanol (10+90)atca445nm
Purity
Solvent residues Acetone/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combinationMethyl ethyl ketone
Methanol
Ethanol
Propan-2-olHexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E161gCANTHAXANTHIN
Synonyms CI Food Orange 8
Definition These specifications apply to predominantly all trans
isomers of canthaxanthin together with minor amounts
of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized forms are
prepared from canthaxanthin meeting these specifica-
tions and include solutions or suspensions of1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 38
▼B
canthaxanthin in edible fats or oils, emulsions and
water dispersible powders. These preparations may
have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
Class Carotinoid
Colour Index No 40850Einecs 208-187-2
Chemical names β-Carotene-4,4 ′-dione, canthaxanthin, 4,4 ′-dioxo- β-
carotene
Chemical formula C
40H52O2
Molecular weight 564,86Assay Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
(expressed as canthaxanthin)
E
1%
1c m2200 at ca 485 nm in chloroform
at 468—472 nm in cyclohexane
at 464—467 nm in petroleum ether
Description Deep violet crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform at ca 485 nm
Maximum in cyclohexane at 468—472 nmMaximum in petroleum ether at 464—467 nm
Purity
Sulfated ashNot more th an 0,1 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than canthaxanthin: not more than
5,0 % of total colouring matters
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E162BEETROOTRED,BETANIN
Synonyms Beet Red
Definition Beet red is obtained from the roots of natural strains of
red beets ( Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra) by pressing
crushed beet as press juice or by aqueous extraction of
shredded beet roots and subsequent enrichment in the
active principle. The colour is composed of different
pigments all belonging to the class betalaine. The main
colouring principle consists of betacyanins (red) of
which betanin accounts for 75—95 %. Minor amounts
of betaxanthin (yellow) and degradation products of
betalaines (light brown) may be present.
Besides the colour pigments the juice or extract consists
of sugars, salts, and/or proteins naturally occurring in
red beets. The solution may be concentrated and some
products may be refined in order to remove most of the
sugars, salts and proteins.
Class Betalaine
Einecs 231-628-5
Chemical names (S-(R ′,R′)-4-(2-(2-Carboxy-5( β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-
2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethenyl)-2,3-
dihydro-2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid; 1-(2-(2,6-dicar-
boxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-pyridylidene)ethylidene)-5-
β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxyindolium-2-carbox-1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 39
▼B
ylate
Chemical formula Betanin: C24H26N2O13
Molecular weight 550,48Assay Content of red colour (expressed as betanine) is not less
than 0,4 %
E
1%
1c m1120 at ca 535 nm in aqueous solution at pH 5
Description Red or dark red liquid, paste, powder or solid
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in water of pH 5 at ca 535 nm
Purity
Nitrate Not more than 2 g nitrate anion/g of red colour (as
calculated from assay).
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E163ANTHOCYANINS
Definition Anthocyanins are obtained by extraction with sulphited
water, acidified water, carbon dioxide, methanol or
ethanol from the natural strains of vegetables and
edible fruits. Anthocyanins contain common compo-
nents of the source material, namely anthocyanine,
organic acids, tannins, sugars, minerals etc., but not
necessarily in the same proportions as found in the
source material.
Class Anthocyanin
Einecs 208-438-6 (cyanidin); 205-125-6 (peonidin); 208-437-0
(delphinidin); 211-403-8 (malvidin); 205-127-7 (pelar-
gonidin)
Chemical names 3,3 ′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxy-flavylium chloride (cyanidin)
3,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3 ′-methoxyflavylium chloride
(peonidin)
3,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3 ′,5′-dimethoxyflavylium
chloride (malvidin)
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5,trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzo-
pyrylium chloride (delphinidin)
3,3′4′,5,7-Pentahydroxy-5 ′-methoxyflavylium chloride
(petunidin)
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyri-
lium chloride (pelargonidin)
Chemical formula Cyanidin: C
15H11O6Cl
Peonidin: C16H13O6Cl
Malvidin: C17H15O7Cl
Delphinidin: C15H11O7Cl
Petunidin: C16H13O7Cl
Pelargonidin: C15H11O5Cl
Molecular weight Cyanidin: 322,6
Peonidin: 336,7
Malvidin: 366,7Delphinidin: 340,6
Petunidin: 352,7
Pelargonidin: 306,71995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 40
▼B
Assay E1%
1c m300 forthe pure pigment at 515-535 nm at pH3,0
Description Purplish-red liquid, powder or paste, having a slight
characteristic odour
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in methanol with 0,01 % conc. HCl
Cyanidin: 535 nm
Peonidin: 532 nm
Malvidin: 542 nmDelphinidin: 546 nmPetunidin: 543 nm
Pelargonidin: 530 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Methanol/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 50 mg/kg,
singly or in combination Ethanol
Sulfur dioxide Not more than 1 000 mg/kg per percent pigment
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E170CALCIUMCARBONATE
Synonyms CI Pigment White 18, Chalk
Definition Calcium carbonate is the product obtained from ground
limestone or by the precipitation of calcium ions with
carbonate ions.
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77220Einecs Calcium carbonate: 207-439-9
Limestone: 215-279-6
Chemical names Calcium carbonate
Chemical formula CaCO
3
Molecular weight 100,1
Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis
Description White crystalline or amorphous, odourless and tasteless
powder
Identification
Solubility Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol. Dissolves
witheffervescence in diluted acetic acid, in diluted
hydrochloric acid and in diluted nitric acid, and the
resulting solutions, after boiling, give positive tests for
calcium.
Purity
Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % (200 ºC, 4 hours)Acid-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 %
Magnesium and alkali salts Not more than 1,5 %
Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 41
▼B
Antimony (as Sb)/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150Not more than 100 mg/kg, singly or in combinationCopper (as Cu)
Chromium (as Cr)
Zinc (as Zn)Barium (as Ba)
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg
E171TITANIUMDIOXIDE
Synonyms CI Pigment White 6
Definition Titanium Dioxide consists essentially of pure anatase
titanium dioxide which may be coated with small
amounts of alumina and/or silica to improve the
technological properties of the product.
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77891Einecs 236-675-5
Chemical names Titanium dioxide
Chemical formula TiO
2
Molecular weight 79,88
Assay Content not less than 99 % on an alumina and silica-
free basis
Description Amorphous white powder
Identification
Solubility Insoluble in water and organic solvents. Dissolves
slowly in hydrofluoric acid and in hot concentrated
sulfuric acid.
Purity
Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 ºC, 3 hours)
Loss on ignition Not more than 1,0 % on a volatile matter free basis
(800 ºC)
Aluminium oxide and/or silicon dioxide Total not more than 2,0 %
Matter soluble in 0,5N HCl Not more than 0,5 % on an alumina and silica-free
basis and, in addition, for products containing alumina
and/or silica, not more than 1,5 % on the basis of the
product as sold.
Water soluble matter Not more than 0,5 %
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgAntimony Not more than 50 mg/kg by total dissolution
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg by total dissolution
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg by total dissolutionMercury Not more than 1 mg/kg by total dissolution
Zink Not more than 50 mg/kg by total dissolution
E172IRONOXIDESANDIRONHYDROXIDES
Synonyms Iron Oxide Yellow: CI Pigment Yellow 42 and 43
Iron Oxide Red: CI Pigment Red 101 and 102
Iron Oxide Black: CI Pigment Black 111995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 42
▼B
Definition Iron oxides and iron hydroxides are produced synthe-
tically and consist essentially of anhydrous and/or
hydrated iron oxides. The range of hues includes
yellows, reds, browns and blacks. Food quality iron
oxides are primarily distinguished from technical
grades by the comparatively low levels of contamina-
tion by other metals. This si achieved by the selection
and control of the source of the iron and/or by the
extent of chemical purification during the manufac-
turing process.
Class InorganicColour Index No Iron Oxide Yellow: 77492
Iron Oxide Red: 77491Iron Oxide Black: 77499
Einecs Iron Oxide Yellow: 257-098-5
Iron Oxide Red: 215-168-2Iron Oxide Black: 235-442-5
Chemical names Iron Oxide Yellow: hydrated ferric oxide, hydrated iron
(III) oxide
Iron Oxide Red: anhydrous ferric oxide, anhydrous iron
(III) oxide
Iron Oxide Black: ferroso ferric oxide, iron (II, III)
oxide
Chemical formula Iron Oxide Yellow: FeO(OH).xH
2O
Iron Oxide Red: Fe2O3
Iron Oxide Black: FeO.Fe2O3
Molecular weight 88,85: FeO(OH)
159,70: Fe2O3
231,55: FeO.Fe2O3
Assay Yellow not less than 60 %, red and black not less than
68 % total iron, expressed as iron
Description Powder; yellow, red, brown or black in hue
Identification
Solubility Insoluble in water and in organic solvents
Soluble in concentrated mineral acids
Purity
Water soluble matter Not more than 1,0 %/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150By total dissolutionArsenic Not more than 5 mg/kg
Barium Not more than 50 mg/kgCadmium Not more than 5 mg/kg
Chromium Not more than 100 mg/kg
Copper Not more than 50 mg/kgLead Not more than 20 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Nickel Not more than 200 mg/kgZinc Not more than 100 mg/kg
E173ALUMINIUM
Synonyms CI Pigment Metal, Al
Definition Aluminium powder is composed of finely divided
particles of aluminium. The grinding may or may not
be carried out in the presence of edible vegetable oils1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 43
▼B
and/or food additive quality fatty acids. It is free from
admixture with substances other than edible vegetable
oils and/or food additive quality fatty acids.
Colour Index No 77000
Einecs 231-072-3Chemical names Aluminium
Chemical formula Al
Atomic weight 26,98Assay Not less than 99 % calculated as Al on an oil-free basis
Description A silvery-grey powder or tiny sheets
Identification
Solubility Insoluble in water and in organic solvents. Soluble in
dilute hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution gives
positive tests for aluminium.
Purity
Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 ºC, to constant weight)
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E174SILVER
Synonyms Argentum, Ag
Class InorganicColour Index No 77820
Einecs 231-131-3
Chemical names SilverChemical formula Ag
Atomic weight 107,87
Assay Content not less than 99,5 % Ag
Description Silver-coloured powder or tiny sheets
E175GOLD
Synonyms Pigment Metal 3, Aurum, Au
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77480Einecs 231-165-9
Chemical names Gold
Chemical formula AuAtomic weight 197,0
Assay Content not less than 90 % Au
Description Gold-coloured powder or tiny sheets1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 44
▼B
Purity
Silver Not more than 7 %/C148/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C147/C150After complete dissolutionCopper Not more than 4 %
E180LITHOLRUBINEBK
Synonyms CI Pigment Red 57, Rubinpigment, Carmine 6B
Definition Lithol Rubine BK consists essentially of calcium 3-
hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenylazo)-2-naphtha-
lenecarboxylate and subsidiary colouring matters
together with water, calcium chloride and/or calcium
sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 15850:1
Einecs 226-109-5Chemical names Calcium 3-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-2-sulfonatopheny-
lazo)-2-naphthalene-carboxylate
Chemical formula C
18H12CaN2O6S
Molecular weight 424,45
Assay Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters
E1%
1c m200 at ca 442 nm in dimethylformamide
Description Red powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in dimethylformamide at ca 442 nm
Purity
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 0,5 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
2-Amino-5-methylbenzenesulfonic
acid, calcium saltNot more than 0,2 %
3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic
acid, calcium saltNot more than 0,4 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (expressed as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kgLead Not more than 10 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kgHeavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg1995L0045 — EN — 01.08.2001 — 002.001 — 45