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This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21December 1 988
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain components and
characteristics of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors
(89/173/EEC)
(OJ L 67, 10.3.1989, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
Nopage date
►A1Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C 241 21 29.8.1994
(adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 1 1 1.1.1995
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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21December 1 988
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating tocertain components and characteristics of wheeled agricultural or
forestry tractors
(89/173/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European EconomicCommunity, and in particular Article 100a thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(
1),
In cooperation with the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(3),
Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of progressivelyestablishing the internal market over a period expiring on 31 December1992; whereas the internal market shall comprise an area withoutinternal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons,services and capital is ensured;Whereas the technical requirements which tractors must fulfil in pursu-ance of national laws concern, inter alia , their dimensions and masses,
speed governors, the protection of their drive components, projectionsand wheels, brake control for towed vehicles, windscreens and otherglazing, the mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle andthe location and method of affixing statutory plates and markings to thebody of the tractor;Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another;whereas it is consequently necessary for the same requirements to beadopted by all of the Member States, either in addition or in place of theexisting regulations, in order, in particular, to permit implementation,for each type of tractor, of the EEC type-approval procedure covered byCouncil Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximationof the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval ofwheeled agricultural or forestry tractors(
4), as last amended by
Directive 82/890/EEC (5);
Whereas with regard, in particular, tothe technical requirementsrelating tosafety glass — windscreens and o ther glazing — it isappropriate to embrace with some amendments those adopted by theUnited Nations’ Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No43 (‘Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing andglazing materials')forming an addendum to the agreement of 20 March1958 concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval andthus reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment andparts(
6),
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
1. (Agricultural or forestry) tractor means any motor vehicle fittedwith wheels or endless tracks and having at least two axles, the mainfunction of which lies in its tractive power and which is specially
(1) OJ NoC 218, 17. 8. 1987, p. 1.
(2) OJ NoC 281, 19. 10. 1987, p. 180 and
OJ NoC 326, 18. 12. 1988.
(3) OJ NoC 319, 30. 11. 1987, p. 25.
(4) OJ NoL 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10.
(5) OJ NoL 378, 31. 12. 1982, p. 45.
(6)Doc.E/ECE/234REV 1/ADD 42/REV/1.E/ECE/TRANS/505
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designed to, push, carry or power certain tools, machinery or trailers
intended for agricultural or forestry use. It may be equipped to carry aload and passengers.
2. This Directive shall apply only to tractors defined in paragraph 1
which are fitted with pneumatic tyres and which have twoaxles and amaximum design speed of between 6 and 30 km/h.
Article 2
1. No Member State may refuse EEC type-approval or national type-
approval of a tractor or refuse its registration or prohibit the sale, entryinto service or use of a tractor or grounds relating to:
— dimensions and towable masses,
— speed governors and protection of drive components, projections
and wheels,
— windscreens and other glazing,— mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle, including
the vertical load on the coupling point,
— location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions to
the body of the tractor,
— brake control for towed vehicles,
where these comply with the requirements of the Annexes relating
thereto and where the windscreens and other glass panes or the mechan-ical couplings bear an EEC component type-approval mark.
2. By way of derogation from the provisions of paragraph 1 relating
to use of the tractor, Member States may, for reasons concerningtowable mass(es), continue to apply their national provisions reflectingin particular the special requirements relating tothe nature o f the landrelief on their territory, within the limits of the towable masses listed insection 2.2 of Annex I in so far as this does not involve alterations tothe tractor or a further supplementary national type-approval.
Article 3
1. Each Member State shall grant EEC component type-approval for
any type of windscreen or other glass-pane and/or of mechanicalcoupling which satisfies the construction and testing requirements laiddown in Annexes III and/or IV.
2. The Member State which has granted EEC component type-
approval shall take the measures required in order to verify, in so far asis necessary and if need be in cooperation with the competent authori-ties in the other Member States, that production models conform to theapproved type. Such verification shall be limited to spot checks.
Article 4
Member States shall, for each type of windscreen or other glass pane or
of mechanical coupling which they approve pursuant to Article 3, issueto the manufacturer of the tractor, windscreen or mechanical coupling orto his authorized representative, an EEC component type-approval markconforming to the models shown in Annex III or IV.
Member States shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the use of
marks liable to create confusion between the type of equipment whichhas been granted EEC component type-approval pursuant to Article 3and equipment of other types.
Article 5
1. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of
windscreens and other glass panes or mechanical couplings on groundsrelating to their construction if they bear the EEC component type-approval mark.
2. Nevertheless a Member State may prohibit the placing on the
market of windscreens or mechanical couplings bearing the EEC
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component type-approval mark which do not conform to the approvedtype.
That State shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the
Commission of the measures taken, specifying the reasons for itsdecision.
Article 6
The competent authorities of each Member State shall within one month
send to the competent authorities of the other Member States a copy ofthe component type-approval certificates, examples of which are givenin Annex III or IV, completed for each type of windscreen or mechan-ical coupling which they approve or refuse to approve.
Article 7
1. If the Member State which has granted EEC component type-
approval finds that a number of windscreens or mechanical couplingsbearing the same EEC component type-approval mark do not conformtothe type which it has appro ved, it shall take the necessary measuresto ensure that production models conform to the approved type. Thecompetent authorities of that State shall advise those of the otherMember States of the measures taken, which may, if necessary, wherethere is serious and repeated failure to conform, extend to withdrawal ofEEC component type-approval. The said authorities shall take the samemeasures if they are informed by the competent authorities of anotherMember State of such failure to conform.
2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall inform each
other within one month of any withdrawal of EEC component type-approval and of the reasons for such a measure.
Article 8
Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted in implementa-
tion of this Directive to refuse or withdraw EEC component type-approval for a windscreen or mechanical coupling or to prohibit theirplacing on the market or use, shall set out in detail the reasons on whichit is based. Such decisions shall be notified to the party concerned, whoshall at the same time be informed of the remedies available to himunder the laws in force in the Member States and of the time limitsallowed for the exercise of such remedies.
Article 9
Any amendments necessary toadapt the requirements o f the Annexes to
technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedurelaid down in Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.
Article 10
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in
order to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1989. They shallforthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall notify to the Commission the texts of the
main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field coveredby this Directive.
Article 11
This Directive is addressed tothe Member States.
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PageLIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX I: Dimensions and towable masses 5
Appendix: Annex tothe EEC type-appro val certificate 7ANNEX II: Speed governor and protection of drive components, projections
and wheels 8
Appendix: Annex tothe EEC type-appro val certificate 21ANNEX III A: Windscreen and other glazing — Equipment requirements, defi-
nitions, application for component type-approval, componenttype-approval, markings, general specifications, tests andconformity of production 22
Appendix: Examples of component type-approval marks 30ANNEX III B: Communication on EEC component type-approval, refusal of
EEC component type-approval, extension of EEC componenttype-approval and withdrawal of component type-approval 33
Appendix 1: Toughened-glass windscreens 34Appendix 2: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens 35Appendix 3: Laminated-glass windscreens 36Appendix 4: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens 37Appendix 5: Glass-plastic windscreens 38Appendix 6: Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens 39Appendix 7: Double-glazed units 40Appendix 8: Contents of the list of windscreens 41ANNEX III C: General test conditions 42ANNEX III D: Toughened-glass windscreens 67ANNEX III E: Uniformly toughened-glass panes other than windscreens 70ANNEX III F: Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens 73ANNEX III G: Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens 77ANNEX III H: Treated laminated-glass windscreens 80ANNEX III I: Safety-glass panes faced with plastic material on the inside 82ANNEX III J: Glass-plastic windscreens 83ANNEX III K: Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens 86ANNEX III L: Double-glazed units 88ANNEX III M: Grouping of windscreens for component type-approval testing 90ANNEX III N: Measurement of the heights of segment and position of the
points of impact 92
ANNEX III O: Checks on conformity of production 95ANNEX III P: Annex tothe EEC type-appro val certificate 99ANNEX IV: Mechanical couplings between tractor and towed vehicle and the
vertical load on the coupling point 100
Appendix 1: Drawings of mechanical coupling components 104Appendix 2: Dynamic test method 107Appendix 3: Coupling device static test method 109Appendix 4: Component type-approval mark 110Appendix 5: Model EEC component type-approval certificate 111Appendix 6: Conditions for granting EEC type-approval 112Appendix 7: Annex tothe EEC type-appro val certificate 113ANNEX V: Location and method of affixing statutory plates and inscriptions
on the body of the tractor 114
Appendix: Annex tothe EEC type-appro val certificate 116ANNEX VI: Brake control of towed vehicles and brake coupling between the
tractor and towed vehicles 117
Appendix: Annex tothe EEC type-appro val certificate 118
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ANNEX I
DIMENSIONS AND TOWABLE MASSES
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1.‘Length' means:
— the length of the tractor measured between the vertical planes at
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing theoutermost points thereof, but excluding:
— all mirrors,
— all starting handles,— all front or lateral position (side) lamps.
1.2.‘Width' means:
— the width of the tractor measured between the vertical planes parallel
to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing through the outer-most points thereof, but excluding:
— any mirrors,
— any direction indicators,— any front, lateral or rear position (side) lamps; any parking
lamps,
— any distortion of the tyres caused by the weight of the tractor,— any folding components such as lift-up footrests and flexible
mud-flaps.
1.3.‘Height' means:
— the vertical distance between the ground and the point on the tractor
the greatest distance from the ground, excluding the aerial. Whenthis height is determined, the tractor must be:
— fitted with new tyres having the greatest rolling radius specified
by their manufacturer.
1.4.‘Permissible towable mass'
means the mass which a type of tractor may tow. It may, for example,
consist of one or more trailers towed or agricultural or forestry imple-ments. A distinction is drawn between the technically permissibletowable mass stated by the manufacturer and the authorized towablemass as laid down in section 2.2 below.
1.5.‘Towing device'
means a component on the tractor designed to provide a mechanical link
between a tractor and towed vehicle.
1.6.‘Unladen mass of tractor in running order (Mt)'
means the mass defined in point 2.4 of Annex I to Directive 74/
150/EEC.
1.7.Technically permissable towable mass(es):
— unbraked towable mass,
— independently braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.12 of
Annex I toCo uncil Directive 76/432/EEC (
1),
— inertia braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.14 of Annex I to
Directive 76/432/EEC),
— towable mass fitted with hydraulic or pneumatic braking: such
braking may be of the continuous, semi-continuous or independentpower-operated type as defined in points 1.9, 1.10 and 1.11, respec-tively, of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC.
(1) OJ NoL 122, 8. 5. 1976, p. 1.
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2. REQUIREMENTS
2.1.Dimensions
The maximum dimensions of a tractor are as follows:
2.1.1. length: 12 m;2.1.2. width: 2,5 m;2.1.3. height: 4 m.2.1.4. The measurements intended to check these dimensions are carried out as
follows:
— with the tractor unladen and in running order as indicated in point
1.6,
— on a flat horizontal surface,— with the tractor stationary and the engine switched off,— with the new tyres at the normal pressure recommended by the
manufacturer,
— with doors and windows closed,— with the steering wheel in the straight-ahead position,— without any agricultural or forestry implement attached to the
tractor.
2.2Permissible towable mass
2.2.1. The permissible towable mass must not exceed:2.2.1.1. the technically permissible towable mass as defined in point 1.7, recom-
mended by the tractor manufacturer;
2.2.1.2. the towable mass laid down for towing device pursuant to EEC compo-
nent-type approval.
2.2.2. Where a Member State applies Article 2 (2), towable mass(es) must be
specified on the tractor’s registration certificate.
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Appendix
MODEL

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ANNEX II
SPEED GOVERNOR AND PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS,
PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS
1. SPEED GOVERNOR
1.1. If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it must
be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies withDirective 74/152/EEC (
1) on maximum design speed.
2. PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND
WHEELS
2.1. General
2.1.1. Drive components, projections and wheels on tractors must be
designed, fitted and protected in such a way as to prevent accidentsto persons under normal conditions of use.
2.1.2. The requirements of point 2.1.1 are regarded as being fulfilled if the
requirements set out in section 2.3 have been complied with. Solu-tions other than those described in section 2.3 are authorized if themanufacturer provides proof that they are at least equivalent to therequirements of section 2.3.
2.1.3. Protective devices must be firmly attached to the tractor. ‘Firmly
attached'means that removal of such devices should be possible onlywith the aid of tools.
2.1.4. Cowls, lids and hoods, which could cause injury if they are slammed
shut, must be made in such a way as topreclude their shuttingaccidentally (e.g. by means of safety devices or suitable mounting ordesign).
2.1.5. A single protective device may protect a number of dangerous points.
However, if adjustment, maintenance or interference suppressiondevices — which can be actuated only when the engine is running —are fitted beneath a single protective device, then further protectivedevices must be fitted.
2.1.6. Securing devices (e.g. spring clips or flaps)
— to secure quick-release mounting components (e.g. socket pins),
and such components of
— protective devices which open without the aid of tools (e.g.
engine cowl)
must be firmly attached either to the tractor mounting or to the
protective device.
2.2. Definitions
2.2.1. ‘Protective device' means a device intended to protect dangerous
parts. Within the meaning of this Directive, protective devicesinclude shields, covers or guards.
2.2.1.1. ‘Shield'means a protective device located immediately in front of a
dangerous part and which, either on its own or with other parts of themachine, protects on all sides against contact with the dangerous part.
2.2.1.2. ‘Hood or cowl' means a protective device located in front of the
dangerous part and which protects against contact with the dangerouspart on the covered side.
2.2.1.3. ‘Guard'means a protective device which, by means of a rail, grill or
similar device provides the necessary safety distance preventingcontact with the dangerous part.
2.2.2. ‘Dangerous part'means any point which, owing to the arrangements
or design of the fixed or movable part of a tractor, involves a risk ofinjury. The dangerous parts are, in particular, pinching, shearing,cutting, piercing, penetrating, snatching, entry and attack points.
(1) OJ NoL 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 33.
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2.2.2.1. ‘Pinching point' means any dangerous point where parts move in
relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may causepersons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched.
2.2.2.2. ‘Shear point' means any dangerous point where parts move along
each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons orcertain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn.
2.2.2.3. ‘Cutting, piercing or penetration point' means any dangerous point
where parts, either moving or fixed, sharp edged, pointed or bluntmay injure persons or certain parts of their bodies.
2.2.2.4. ‘Snatching point' means any dangerous point where sharp-edged
projections, teeth, pins, screws and bolts, grease nipples, shafts, shaftends and other parts move in such a way that persons, certain parts oftheir bodies or clothing may be snatched and pulled along.
2.2.2.5. ‘Entry or attack point' means any dangerous point whose parts, by
moving, narrow an aperture in which persons, certain parts of theirbodies or clothes may be caught.
2.2.3. ‘Reach' means the maximum distance which can be reached by
persons or certain parts of their bodies upwards, downwards,inwards, above, around or across without the aid of any object(Figure 1).
2.2.4. ‘Safety distance'means the distance corresponding to the reach or to
the body dimension plus a safety margin (Figure 1).
2.2.5. ‘Control'means any device whose direct actuation enables the state
or operation of the tractor or of any equipment linked to it to bealtered.
2.3. Safety distances for avoiding contact with dangerous parts
2.3.1. The safety distance is measured from those points which may be
reached toactuate, service and inspect the tracto r, and alsofro mground level. ‘Servicing and inspecting the tractor' solely meanswork normally carried out by the driver himself in accordance withthe instructions for use. In determining the safety distances the basicprinciple is that the tractor is in the state for which it has beendesigned and that nomeans has been used in o rder toreach thedangerous part.
Safety distances are set out in points 2.3.2.1 to 2.3.2.5. In certain
specific areas or for certain specific component parts an appropriatesafety level is provided if the tractor corresponds to the requirementsset out in points 2.3.2.6 to 2.3.2.14.
2.3.2. Protection of dangerouspoints
Upwards
The upward safety margin is 2 500 mm (see Figure 1) in the case of
persons standing upright.
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(mm)
Height between barrier and protective device b
2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000
a: Distance from
ground of
dangerous point
Horizontal distance cfrom dangerous point
Figure 1
2.3.2.2. Do wnwards, above
The safety margin for reaching above a barrier is:
a = from ground level up to the dangerous point;b = height of barrier or protective device;c = horizontal distance between dangerous point and barrier (see
Figure 2).
Figure 2
When reaching both downwards and above the safety distances set out
in Table 1 must be maintained.
TABLE 1
2 400 — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2 200 — 250 350 400 500 500 600 600
2 000 — — 350 500 600 700 900 1 100
1 800 — — — 600 900 900 1 000 1 100
1 600 — — — 500 900 900 1 000 1 300
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(mm)
Height between barrier and protective device b
2 400 2 200 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000
a: Distance from
ground of
dangerous point
Horizontal distance cfrom dangerous point
1 400 — — — 100 800 900 1 000 1 300
1 200 — — — — 500 900 1 000 1 400
1 000 — — — — 300 900 1 000 1 400
800 — — — — — 600 900 1 300
600 — — — — — — 500 1 200
400 — — — — — — 300 1 200
200 — — — — — — 200 1 100
2.3.2.3. Reach around
The safety margin shown in Table 2 below must, at the minimum, be
maintained if the part of the body concerned is not to reach adangerous point. In applying the safety margin it is assumed that themain body joint concerned is pushed firmly against the edge of theprotective device. The safety margins are not considered to have beenmaintained until one is satisfied that part of the body may quitedefinitely not advance or penetrate further.
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TABLE 2
2.3.2.4. Penetration and reach across
If penetration is possible into or across openings and up to dangerous
parts, the minimum safety distances set out in Tables 3 and 4 must bemaintained.
Parts which move in relation to one another or moving parts set
alongside fixed parts are not regarded as risk factors provided theyare nomo re than 8 mm apart.
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TABLE 3
Safety distances for elongated and parallel openings
ais the smaller dimension of the aperture.
bis the safety distance from danger point
TABLE 4
Safety distances for square or circular apertures
ais the aperture/diameter or length of side.
bis the safety distance from danger point.
2.3.2.5. Safety distances at pinching points
A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the part of the body
shown if the safety distances are not less than those set out in Table5, and if it is ensured that the adjacent, wider part of the body cannotbe introduced.
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TABLE 5
2.3.2.6. Co ntrols
The gap between two pedals and the holes through which controls
pass are not regarded as being pinching or shearing points.
2.3.2.7. Rear three-point coupling
2.3.2.7.1. Behind a plane passing through the median plane of the pivot points
of the lifting rods in a three-point coupling system a minimum safetymargin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts foreach point or of the lifting device’s travel — but not for the extremeupper and lower positions 0,1 n, together with a distance of 25 mm or
a minimum angle of 30 °for the parts in shear which cause a change
in angularity (see Figure 3). Travel n/prime1, reduced by 0,1 nat both its
upper and lower ends is defined as follows (see Figure 4):
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Figure 3
Figure 4
2.3.2.7.2. For travel nof the hydraulic lifting unit, lower position A of the
coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14' inaccordance with ISO Standard 730, Part 1, while upper position B islimited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Travel n/prime1corresponds to
travelnreduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n, and constitutes
the vertical distance between A /prime1and B/prime1.
2.3.2.7.3. Moreover, within travel n/prime1a minimum safety margin of 25 mm in
relation to the adjacent parts must be maintained around the profile ofthe lifting rods.
2.3.2.7.4. If, in the case of a three-point coupling, coupling devices are used
which do not require the presence of an operator between the tractorand the implement carried (for example, in the case of a quickcoupling), the provisions of point 2.3.2.7.3 do not apply.
2.3.2.7.5. The operating manual should contain specific information on the
dangerous points located at the front of the plane defined in the firstsentence of point 2.3.2.7.1.
2.3.2.8. Front three-point coupling
2.3.2.8.1. At each point of the lifting unit’s travel n— but not for the extreme
upper and lower reaches 0,1 n— a minimum safety margin of 25
mm must be maintained between the moving parts together with aminimum angle of 30 °or a safety margin of 25 mm in the case of the
change of angularity caused by the parts in shear with each other.Travel n/prime1reduced by 0,1 nat both its upper and lower ends, is
defined as follows (see also Figure 4).
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2.3.2.8.2. For travel nof the hydraulic lifting unit, extreme lower position A of
the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14'inaccordance with ISO Standard 8759, Part 2, while extreme upperposition B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Traven n/prime1
reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 nand the vertical distance
between A /prime1and B/prime1.
2.3.2.8.3. If, for the lower links of a front three-point coupling, coupling
devices (such as a rapid-action coupling) are used which do notrequire the presence of a person between the tractor and the imple-ment attached during coupling, the requirements under 2.3.2.8.1 donot apply within the reach of a radius of 250 mm from the points atwhich the lower links are coupled to the tractor. However, aminimum safety margin of 25 mm from neighbouring parts withinthe defined travel n /prime1must in any case be maintained around the
outside of the travel rods/cylinders.
2.3.2.9. Driving seat and environment
When he is in a sitting position, all pinching of shearing points must
be out of range of the driver’s hands or feet. This requirement isconsidered to have been met if the following conditions are fulfilled:
2.3.2.9.1. The driver’s seat is at the mid-point in its longitudinal and vertical
adjustment range. The driver’s reach limit is divided intozo nes Aand B. A central spherical point of these zones is 60 mm in front ofand 580 mm above the seat reference point (see Figure 5). Zone Aconsists of a sphere having a diameter of 550 mm while zone B islocated between that sphere and a sphere having a radius of 1 000mm.
Figure 5
2.3.2.9.2. A safety distance of 120 mm in zone A and 25 mm in zone B is
maintained near the pinching and shearing points, whilst a minimumangle of 30 °is maintained in the case of shearing parts causing a
change in angularity.
2.3.2.9.3. In zone A, only the pinching and shearing points caused by parts set
in motion by an outside energy source must be taken into account.
2.3.2.9.4. If a dangerous point is due to the presence of structural parts adjacent
tothe seat, a safety distance o f a least 25 mm is maintained betweenthat structural part and the seat. There is no dangerous point betweenthe seat backrest and the adjacent structural parts located behind thatbackrest if the adjacent structural parts are smooth and the seatbackrest itself is rounded in the surrounding area and has no sharppoints.
2.3.2.10. Passenger seat (if any)
2.3.2.10.1. If parts may constitute a danger for the feet, provision must be made
for protective devices within a hemispherical radius of 800 mm
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starting from the forward edge of the seat cushion and pointing
downwards.
2.3.2.10.2. As described in section 2.3.2.9 (see Figure 6) the dangerous points in
zones A and B must be protected within a sphere whose centre is 670mm above the centre of the front edge of the passenger seat.
Figure 6
2.3.2.11. Narrow-track tractors (tractors with a track as defined
in the second indent of Article 1 of Directive 87/402/EEC).
2.3.2.11.1. In the case of narrow-track tractors, the requirements of section
2.3.2.9 do not apply to the zone situated below a plane inclined at45°tothe rear and transverse tothe directio n o f travel, and passing
through a point located 230 mm behind the seat index point (seeFigure 7). If there are any dangerous points in this zone, corre-sponding warnings must be affixed to the tractor.
Figure 7
2.3.2.11.2. Sections II.1 and II.2 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC apply to
access tothe driver’s seat.
2.3.2.11.3. Section I.6 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC applies to control
devices.
2.3.2.11.4. In front of a reference plane which passes at right angles to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and through the centre of the load-free pedal (clutch and/or service brake), very hot exhaust componentsmust be protected if located within 300 mm in the upper zone (700
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mm above ground level) and within 150 mm in the lower zone (see
Figure 8). Laterally, the area tobe pro tected is limited by the externaloutline of the tractor and the external outline of the exhaust system.
Very hot exhaust system components passing beneath the entry step
must be covered in their vertical projection or otherwise thermallyprotected.
Figure 8
2.3.2.12. Layout and marking of flexible hydraulic hoses
2.3.2.12.1. Flexible hydraulic hoses must be arranged in such a way as to
prevent mechanical and thermal damage
2.3.2.12.2. Flexible hydraulic hoses must be clearly identifiable and indelibly
marked with the following information:
— the flexible hose manufacturer’s mark,
— manufacturing date (year and month of manufacture),— maximum permissible dynamic excess pressure in operation.
2.3.2.12.3. Flexible hydraulic hoses in the vicinity of the driver’s or the passeng-
er’s seat must be arranged or protected in such a way that in theevent o f their failure there can be nodanger toany perso n.
2.3.2.13. Steering and swing axle
Parts moving in relation to each other or to fixed parts must be
protected if they lie within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and2.3.2.10.
When articulated steering is fitted, there must be indelible and clear
markings within the articulation range on both sides of the tractor,indicating by means of an illustrative sign or in words that remainingwithin the unprotected range of articulation is not permitted. Thecorresponding indications must be included in the operating manual.
2.3.2.14. Transmission shafts fixed on the tractor
Transmission shafts (for example, for four-wheel drive which can
only rotate while the tractor is in motion, must be protected if theyare located within the zone defined in sections 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10.
2.3.2.15. Clearance zone around the drive wheels
2.3.2.15.1. The clearance zones of the wheel guards must meet the following
requirements.
2.3.2.15.2. ‘Clearance zone' means the space which must remain clear around
the tyres of the drive wheels in relation to the adjacent parts of thevehicle.
The clearance zone of the drive wheels, when fitted with largest-size
tyres, must correspond to the dimensions set out in the followingFigure 9 and Table 6.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 20
▼B
Standard tractors Narrow track tractors
a
mmh
mma
mmh
mm
Figure 9
TABLE 6
50 60 15 30
A clearance zone smaller than that illustrated in Figure 9 and Table 6
is permissible in addition to the zones referred to in sections 2.3.2.9and 2.3.2.10 in the case of narrow-track tractors where wheel guardsare alsoused toscrape o ff earth stuck tothe wheels.
2.4. Method of determining the seat index point
2.4.1. General
The method and device used in defining the index point for any type
of upholstered seat are described below.
2.4.2. Definitions
Seat index point (SIP):Point situated in the vertical median longitudinal plane of the SIP
locating device represented in Figure 10 which is placed on thedriving seat in accordance with points 2.4.4 and 2.4.6.
The seat index point is established in relation to the vehicle and does
not move as a function of the seat adjustments and/or oscillations.
2.4.3. Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)
The device for determining the SIP must be as shown in Figure 10.
The mass of that device i s6±1k ga n di t s underside must be flat and
polished.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 21
▼B
2.4.4. Seat setting for determination of index point (SIP)
Where a seat and its suspension can be regulated, the seat is regu-
lated as follows before the index point is determined:
(a) all of the adjustments — back/forth, height and rake — must be
in their mid-position. If this is not the case, the closest adjust-ment either above or below the mid-position should be used;
(b) adjustable suspension must be adjusted in such a way that the
suspension is at mid-travel with the locating device in positionand loaded. The suspension may be locked mechanically in thatposition while the index point (SIP) is determined;
(c) non-adjustable suspension may be locked in the vertical position
that is achieved with the locating device in place and loaded;
(d) if the adjustments mentioned above conflict with the manufactur-
er’s specific instructions, these must be followed in such a wayas to obtain the setting recommended for a 75-kg driver.
NB:A 75-kg driver offers an approximation of the locating device in
position on the seat and loaded with a mass of 65 kg.
2.4.5. Determination of the three reference axesx /prime1,y /prime1, and z /prime1for the SIP
The coordinates must be established as follows:
(a) location, on one side of the seat mounting, of the attachment hole
that is in the most rear position;
(b) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the pivot axis defined on the
device, it is taken as axis y /prime1, (pointing from left to right in
relation to a seated driver — see Figure 11);
(c) if the axis of this hole is parallel to the vertical plane passing
through the centre line of the seat, the straight line is taken asaxis y/prime1which runs parallel tothe pivo t axis referred toand passes
through the point of intersection between the supporting plane ofthe seat and the hole axis referred to above (see Figure 12).
(d) in all other cases, axis y /prime1is established in accordance with the
parameters relating tothe seat being measured;
(e) axes x /prime1and z/prime1are defined as intersections of the horizontal and
vertical planes passing through y /prime1with the vertical plane through
the seat centre line. Axes x /prime1and z/prime1point forwards and upwards
(see Figures 11 and 12).
2.4.6. Method of determining the seat index point (SIP)
The seat index point (SIP) is determined by using the device shown
in Figure 10 and by proceeding in the following manner:
(a) the seat is covered with a piece of cloth in order to facilitate
correct positioning of the device;
(b) the device is positioned on the seat cushion (without additional
mass) by pushing it rearwards against the backrest;
(c) masses are added to bring the total mass of the device fro m6±1
kg to 26 ± 1 kg. The centre of vertical force must be 40 mmahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of thedevice (see Figure 10);
(d) a horizontal force of about 100 N is applied twice to the device
on the seat index point, as set out in figure 10;
(e) other masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from
2 6±1k gt o6 5±1k g .T h e centre of the vertical force of the
masses added must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point markon the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);
(f) on both sides of the seat in two vertical planes, equidistant from
the median longitudinal line of the seat, the coordinates, asdefined in point 2.4.5, of the intersections of those planes on theaxis of the seat index point marked by the device must bemeasured to± 1 mm.
The arithmetical mean values of the measurements taken in the
two planes are recorded as SIP coordinates;
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 22
▼B
(g) the conditions resulting from the method of determination, and
which diverge from the procedure set out in this Annex, or whichmay be the source of errors as regards their results, may benoted, as may their causes.
Figure 10
Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 23
▼B
Figure 11
Determination of SIP reference axes
(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the pivot axis of the back/thighs)
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 24
▼B
Figure 12
Determination of the three reference axes of the SIP
(Axis of attachment hole parallel to the vertical plane passing through the median line of the seat)
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 25
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Appendix
MODEL

1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 26
▼B
ANNEX III A
WINDSCREEN AND OTHER GLAZING
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR
COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL, COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL,MARKINGS, GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS, TESTS AND
CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
1. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Agricultural and forestry tractors may be equipped as chosen by
their manufacturer with:
1.1.1. windscreens and glass panes other than windscreens covered by the
provisions of this Annex;
1.1.2. windscreens covered by the requirements for glass panes other than
windscreens in this Annex, with the exception of the requirements ofpoint 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glass panes with aregular light transmittance of less than 70 %).
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Directive:
2.1. ‘toughened-glass pane' means a glass pane consisting of a single
layer of glass which has been subjected to special treatment toincrease its mechanical strength and condition its fragmentationsafter shattering;
2.2. ‘laminated-glass pane'means a glass pane consisting of two or more
layers of glass held together by one or more interlayers of plasticmaterial; it may be:
2.2.1. ‘ordinary',where none of the layers of glass of which it is composed
have been treated, or
2.2.2. ‘treated', where at least one of the layers of glass of which it is
composed has been specially treated to increase its mechanicalstrength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;
2.3. ‘safety glazing coated with plastic material' means a glass pane as
defined in point 2.1 or 2.2 with a layer of plastic material on itsinner surface;
2.4. ‘glass-plastic safety glazing'means a pane of laminated glass having
one layer of glass and one or more layers of plastic material at leastone of which acts as interlayer. The plastic layers shall be on theinner face when the glazing is fitted on the tractor;
2.5. ‘group of windscreens' means a group comprising windscreens of
differing sizes and shapes subjected to an examination of theirmechanical properties, their mode of fragmentation and their behav-iour in environmental resistance tests;
2.5.1. ‘flat windscreen'means a windscreen exhibiting nono minal curva-
ture resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linearmetre;
2.5.2. ‘curved windscreen'means a windscreen exhibiting nominal curva-
ture resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linearmetre;
2.6. ‘double window'means a set of two panes installed separately in the
same opening on the tractor;
2.7. ‘double glazing'means a unit composed of two panes permanently
assembled in the factory and separated by a uniform gap;
2.7.1. ‘symmetrical double glazing'means double glazing in which the two
constituent panes are of the same type (toughened or laminatedglass, etc.), and exhibit identical principal and secondary characteris-tics;
2.7.2. ‘asymmetrical double glazing' means double glazing in which the
two constituent panes are of a different type (toughened or laminatedglass, etc.) or exhibit different principal and/or secondary character-istics;
2.8. ‘principal characteristic' means a characteristic which appreciably
modifies the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glassin a way not without significance to the function which the glass
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 27
▼B
pane is to perform in a tractor. This term also covers the trade name
or mark;
2.9. ‘secondary characteristic' means a characteristic capable of modi-
fying the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in away which is of significance to the function which the glass pane isintended to perform in a tractor. The extent of such modification isassessed in relation to the indices of difficulty;
2.10. ‘indices of difficulty'covers a two-stage grading system applying to
the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic.A change from index ‘1'to index ‘2'indicates the need for additionaltests;
2.11. ‘developed area of a windscreen' means the minimum rectangular
area of glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured;
2.12. ‘rake angle of a windscreen' means the angle included between a
vertical line and a straight line passing through the top and bottomextremities of the windscreen, both lines lying in a vertical planealong the longitudinal axis of the tractor.
2.12.1. Measurement of the rake angle is performed on an unladen tractor
standing on level ground.
2.12.2. Tractors equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic
suspension or with a device for automatic adjustment of groundclearance according to load are tested in the normal running condi-tions specified by the manufacturer;
2.13. ‘height of segment, h' means the maximum distance, measured at
right angles approximately to the glass pane, separating the innersurface of the pane from a pane passing through the ends of thepane, (see Annex III N, Figure 1);
2.14. ‘type of glass pane'means a glass pane, as defined in points 2.1 to
2.4, not exhibiting any essential differences in respect, in particular,of the principal and secondary characteristics mentioned in AnnexesIII D toIII L.
2.14.1. Although a change in the principal characteristics implies that the
product is of a new type, it is recognized that in certain cases achange in shape and dimension does not necessarily require acomplete set of tests to be carried out. For certain of the testsprescribed in the individual Annexes, glass panes may be groupedtogether if it is evident that they have similar principal characteris-tics.
2.14.2. Glass panes exhibiting differences only as regards their secondary
characteristics may be deemed tobe o f the same type; certain testsmay, however, be carried out on samples of such panes if theperformance of those tests is explicitly stipulated in the test condi-tions;
2.15. ‘curvature, r'means the approximate value of the smallest radius of
arc of the windscreen as measured in the area of maximum curva-ture.
3. APPLICATION FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
3.1. The application for EEC component type-approval for a type of
glass pane is submitted by the manufacturer of the safety-glass paneor by his duly accredited representative for each type of safety glass.The application may be made in one Member State only.
3.2. For each type of safety glass, the application is accompanied by the
undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following partic-ulars:
3.2.1. a technical description comprising all principal and secondary char-
acteristics; and,
3.2.1.1. in the case of glazing other than windscreens, drawings in a format
not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing:
— the maximum area,
— the smallest angle between twoadjacent sides o f the glass pane,
and
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 28
▼B
— the maximum height of segment, if any;
3.2.1.2. In the case of windscreens:3.2.1.2.1. a list of the models of windscreen for which component type-
approval is sought, giving the name of the tractor manufacturers andthe type(s) of tractor;
3.2.1.2.2. drawings on a scale 1:10 and diagrams of the windscreens and their
installation in the tractor in sufficient detail to show:
3.2.1.2.2.1. the position of the windscreen relative to the R point as defined in
point 1.2 of the Annex ‘Field of vision' to Council Directive 74/347/EEC of 25 June 1974 on the approximation of the laws of theMember States relating to the field of vision and windscreen wipersfor wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the windscreen;3.2.1.2.2.2. the rake angle of the seat back-rest;3.2.1.2.2.3. the position and size of the zone in which the optical qualities are
verified and, where appropriate, the area subjected to differentialtoughening;
3.2.1.2.2.4. the developed area of the windscreen;3.2.1.2.2.5. the maximum height of segment of the windscreen; and3.2.1.2.2.6. the curvature of the windscreen (for windscreen-grouping purposes
only);
3.2.1.3. in the case of double glazing, drawings in a format not exceeding A4
or folded to that format, showing, in addition to the informationreferred toin po int 3.2.1.1:
— the type of each constituent glass pane,
— the type of bonding (organic, glass-glass or glass-metal),— the nominal thickness of the gap between the two glass panes.
3.3 In addition, the applicant must submit a sufficient number of test
pieces and samples of the finished glass panes of the models consid-ered, the number being if necessary determined by agreement withthe technical service for conducting the tests.
3.4. The competent authority must verify the existence of satisfactory
arrangements for ensuring effective control of conformity of produc-tion before component type-approval is granted.
4. MARKINGS
4.1. Every safety-glass pane, including the samples and test-pieces
submitted for component type-approval, must bear the trade name ormark of the manufacturer. The marking must be clearly legible andindelible.
5. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
5.1. If the samples submitted for component type-approval meet the
requirements of sections 5 to 7 below, approval of the pertinent typeof safety-glass pane is granted.
5.2. A component type-approval number is assigned to each type as
defined in Annexes III E, III G, III K and III L, or, in the case ofwindscreens, to each group approved. Its first two digits (at present00 for this Directive in its original form) indicate the series ofamendments incorporating the most recent major technical amend-ments made to this Directive at the time of issue of the approval. AMember State may not assign the same number to another type orgroup of safety-glass panes.
5.3. Component type-approval or extension or refusal of approval for a
type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive is communicatedto the Member States by means of a notice prepared in accordancewith the model set out in Annex III B to this Directive and itsAppendices.
5.3.1. In the case of windscreens, the EEC component type-approval notice
must be accompanied by a document listing every windscreen modelin the approved group, together with the characteristics of the group,in accordance with Appendix 8 to Annex III B.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 29
▼B
5.4. In addition to the marking specified in point 4. 1, an EEC compo-
nent type-approval mark must be affixed conspicuously to all safety-glass panes, and double-glazed units conforming to a type approvedunder this Directive. Any special component type-approval markassigned to each pane of a double-glazed unit may also be affixed.
This component type-approval mark consists of:
5.4.1. a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e' followed by the
distinguishing number of the country which has granted theapproval (
1);
5.4.2. the component type-approval number to the right of the rectangle
prescribed in point 5.4.1.
5.5. The following additional symbols are affixed near the above EEC
type-approval mark:
5.5.1. in the case of a windscreen:
I: for toughened glass (I/P if faced) (2),
II: for ordinary laminated glass (II/P if faced) (2),
III: for treated laminated glass (III/P if faced) (2),
IV: for glass-plastic glazing;
5.5.2. V: in the case of a glass pane other than a windscreen covered by
the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C;
5.5.3. VI: in the case of a double-glazed unit;5.5.4. T: in the case of windscreens which comply with the requirements
for glass panes other than windscreens, except those coming underthe provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glasspanes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %).However, in the case of windscreens complying with the require-ments for glass panes other than windscreens, the symbol T mayonly be marked after the head-form test defined in point 3.3.2 ofAnnex III G to this Directive, the height of drop being 4,0 m + 25/ −0 mm.
5.6. The EEC component type-approval mark and the symbol must be
clearly legible and indelible.
5.7. Appendix I to this Annex gives examples of component type-
approval marks.
6. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1. All glass panes, and particularly those intended for the manufacture
of windscreens, must be of sufficient quality to reduce the risk ofbodily injury as far as possible in the event of the glass shattering.The glass must be sufficiently resistant tothe incidents likely tooccur in normal traffic, and to atmospheric and temperature condi-tions, chemical action, combustion and abrasion.
6.2. Safety glass must in addition be sufficiently transparent, must not
cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through thewindscreen, and must not give rise to any confusion between thecolours used in road-traffic signs and signals. In the event of thewindscreen shattering, the driver must still be able tosee the ro adclearly enough to be able to brake and stop his tractor safely.
7. PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS
All types of safety glass must, depending on the category to which
they belong, comply with the following particular requirements:
7.1. as regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained
in Annex III D;
7.2. as regards uniformly toughened glass panes other than windscreens,
the requirements contained in Annex III E;
(1) 1 for the Federal Republic of Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Nether-
lands,►A15 for Sweden, ◄6 for Belgium, 9 for Spain, 11 for the United
Kingdom, ►A112 for Austria, ◄13 for Luxembourg, ►A117 for Finland, ◄18
for Denmark, 21 for Portugal, IRL for Ireland and EL for Greece.
(2) 2As defined in point 2.3.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 30
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7.3. as regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements
contained in Annex III F;
7.4. as regards ordinary laminated-glass panes other than windscreens,
the requirements contained in Annex III G;
7.5. as regards treated laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements
contained in Annex III H;
7.6. as regards safety-glass panes faced with plastic material, in addition
to the relevant requirements listed above, the requirements containedin Annex III I;
7.7. as regards glass-plastic windscreens, the requirements contained in
Annex III J;
7.8. as regards glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, the require-
ments contained in Annex III K;
7.9. as regards double-glazed units, the requirements contained in Annex
III L.
8. TESTS
8.1. The following tests are prescribed:
8.1.1. Fragmentation
The purpose of this test is:
8.1.1.1. to verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the
pane of glass are such as to minimize the risk of injury, and
8.1.1.2. in the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after shat-
tering.
8.1.2. Mechanical strength
8.1.2.1. Ball-impact test
This test takes two forms, one using a 227 g ball and the other a
2 260 g ball.
8.1.2.1.1. 227-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of
the interlayer in laminated glass and the mechanical strength ofuniformly toughened glass.
8.1.2.1.2. 2 260-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the ball-penetra-
tion resistance of laminated glass.
8.1.2.2. Headform test
The purpose of this test is to verify the glass pane’s compliance with
requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event ofimpact of the head against the windscreen, laminated glass or glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, and also double-glazed unitsused as side windows.
8.1.3. Resistance to the environment
8.1.3.1. Abrasion test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a
safety-glass pane toabrasio n exceeds a specified value.
8.1.3.2. High-temperature test
The purpose of this test is to verify that no bubbles or other defects
occur in the interlayer in a laminated glass or glass-plastic panewhen the latter is exposed to high temperatures over an extendedperiod of time.
8.1.3.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the light transmit-
tance of laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass panesexposed to radiation over an extended period of time is significantlyreduced thereby or whether the glazing is significantly discoloured.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 31
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8.1.3.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether a laminated-glass,
glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass pane will withstand, withoutsignificant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to atmos-phere humidity.
8.1.3.5. Resistance to temperature change
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the plastic
material(s) used in safety glazing as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects ofprolonged exposure to extreme temperatures.
8.1.4. Optical qualities
8.1.4.1. Light-transmission test
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the regular transmit-
tance of safety-glass panes exceeds a specified value.
8.1.4.2. Optical-distortion test
The purpose of this test is to verify that the distortion of objects as
seen through the windscreen is not such as to be likely to confusethe driver.
8.1.4.3. Secondary-image-separation test
The purpose of this test is to verify that the angular separation of the
secondary image from the primary image does not exceed a speci-fied value.
8.1.4.4. Identification-of-colourstes t
The purpose of this test is to verify that there is no risk of confusion
of colours as seen through a windscreen.
8.1.5. Fire-resistance test
The purpose of this test is to verify that the inner face of a safety-
glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 has a sufficiently lowburn rate.
8.1.6. Resistance to chemical agents
The purpose of this test is to determine that the inner face of a
safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand theeffects of exposure to chemicals likely to be present or used withinthe tractor (e.g. cleaning compounds) without deterioration.
8.2. Tests prescribed for glass panes of the categories defined in
points 2.1to 2.4
8.2.1. Safety-glass panes are subject to the tests listed in the following
table:
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 32WINDSCREENSGLASS PANES OTHER THAN
WINDSCREENS
Toughened glassOrdinary laminated
glassTreated laminated
glassGlasspla-
sticToug-
henedLami-
natedGlasspla-
I I/P II II/P III III/P IVglass glassstic▼B
Fragmentation D/2 D/2 — — H/4 H/4 — E/2 — —
Mechanical strength: — — F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. F/4.3. E/3.1.G/4G/4
— — F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. F/4.2. — — — —
Headform test(1) D/3 D/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 F/3 J/3 —G/3(3)K/3(3)
Abrasion: — — F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. F/5.1. —F/5.1.F/5.1.
— I/2 — I/2 — I/2 I/2 I/2(2)I/2(2)I/2
High temperature — — C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 C/5 — C/5 C/5
Radiation — C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 C/6 —C/6C/6
Humidity — C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7 C/7(2)C/7C/7
Light transmission C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1. C/9.1.C/9.1.C/9.1.
Optical distortion C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. C/9.2. ———
Secondary image C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. C/9.3. ———
Identification of colours C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. C/9.4. ———
Resistance totemperature changes — C/8 — C/8 — C/8 C/8 C/8(2)C/8 (2)C/8
Fire resistance — C/10 — C/10 — C/10 C/10 C/10(2)C/10(2)C/10
Resistance tochemicals — C/11 — C/11 — C/11 C/11 C/11(2)C/11(2)C/11
(1) Furthermore this test must be carried out on double-glazed units pursuant to point 3 of Appendix L.
(2) If coated on the inner side with plastic material.
(3) This list must be performed with a drop o f4m+2 5 /−0m m instead of 1, 5 m + 25/ − 0 mm when the panes are used as tractor windscreens.
NB:A reference such as K 3/3 in the table indicates Annex III K and point 3 of that Annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirement s
specified.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 33
▼B
8.2.2. A safety-glass pane is granted component type-approval if it meets
all the requirements prescribed in the relevant provisions referred toin the above table.
9. MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR A
TYPE OF SAFETY-GLASS PANE
9.1. All modifications to a type of safety-glass pane, or, in the case of
windscreens, all additions of windscreens to a group, must be noti-fied to the administrative department which approved the type ofsafety-glass pane. The department may then either:
9.1.1. consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreci-
able adverse effect and, in the case of windscreens, that the new typecomes within the approved group of windscreens, and that at allevents the safety-glass pane still complies with the requirements, or
9.1.2. require a further test report from the technical service responsible for
conducting the tests.
9.2. Communication
9.2.1. Confirmation, refusal or extension of component type-approval are
communicated to the Member States in accordance with the proce-dure specified in section 5.3.
9.2.2. The competent authority which has granted an extension of compo-
nent type-approval must place a serial number on each communi-cation relating to the extension.
10. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
10.1. Safety glazing granted type-approval under this and the following
Annexes must be somanufactured as toco nfo rm tothe appro vedtype and meet the requirements set out in sections 6, 7 and 8.
10.2. To verify that the requirements of 10.1 have been met, constant
checks must be carried out on production.
10.3. The holder of the component type-approval must in particular:10.3.1. ensure that procedures exist for controlling the quality of the
product,
10.3.2. have access to the equipment necessary for checking conformity to
each approved type,
10.3.3. record data of test results and make the ancillary documents (
1)
available for a period to be determined in agreement with theadministrative department,
10.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test to verify and ensure consis-
tency of the product characteristics, allowing for the permissiblevariations in industrial production,
10.3.5. ensure that, for each type of product, at least the tests prescribed in
Annex III O are carried out, and
10.3.6. ensure that where any samples or test-pieces show non-conformity
with the type of test concerned, further samples are taken and tested.
All necessary steps must be taken to re-establish conformity in the
production concerned.
10.4. The competent authority may at any time verify the methods for
checking conformity applicable to each production unit (see point1.3 of Annex III O).
10.4.1. At every inspection, the test data and production records must be
presented tothe inspecto r.
10.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the
manufacturer’s laboratory. The minimum number of samples may bedetermined in the light of the results of the manufacturer’s ownchecks.
10.4.3. Where the quality standard appears unsatisfactory or where it
appears necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out under
(1) Fragmentation test results must be recorded even if not photographic print is required.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 34
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point 10.4.2, the inspector may select samples to be sent to the
technical service which conducted the component type-approval test.
10.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this
Directive.
10.4.5. The normal frequency of inspection is two per year. If unsatisfactory
results are found during any of these inspections, the competentauthority must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-estab-lish the conformity of production as quickly as possible.
11. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
11.1. Component type-approval granted in respect of a type of safety-glass
pane pursuant tothis Directive may be withdrawn if the requirementlaid down in point 10.1 is not complied with.
11.2. If a Member State withdraws an approval it has previously granted,
it must forthwith notify the other Member States thereof by means ofa copy of the component type-approval certificate with ‘COMPO-NENT TYPE-APPROVAL WITHDRAWN'added in large letters atthe bottom of the certificate, and signed and dated.
12. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DICSONTINUED
If the holder of component type-approval completely ceases to
manufacture a type of safety-glass pane approved in accordance withthis Directive, he must inform thereof the authority which grantedthe approval. That authority must in turn notify the other MemberStates thereof, by means of a copy of the compound type-approvalnotice conforming to the model shown in Annex III B to thisDirective.
13. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICES
RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL TESTS AND OF THE ADMINISTRATIVEDEPARTMENTS GRANTING SUCH APPROVAL
Each Member State must communicate to the other Member States
and the Commission the names and addresses of the technicalservices responsible for conducting component type-approval testsand of the administrative departments granting EEC componenttype-approval, to which the component type-approval certificate andcertificates indicating refusal or withdrawal of component type-approval issued in the other Member States are to be sent.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 35
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Appendix
EXAMPLES OF COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARKS
(See section 5.5 of Annex III A)
Toughened-glass windscreens:
The above component type-approval mark, affixed to a toughened-glass wind-
screen, shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Toughened-glass windscreens faced with plastic material
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass wind-
screen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned wasapproved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens
The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass
windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 36
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Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens faced with plastic material
The above component type-approval mark affixed to an ordinary laminated-glass
windscreen faced with plastic material shows that the component concerned wasapproved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Threated laminated-glass windscreens
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a treated laminated-glass
windscreen shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Glass-plastic windscreens
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass-plastic windscreen
shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant tothis Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 37
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Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %:
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a
windscreen to which the requirements of Annex III-C section 9.1.4.2., areapplicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Double-glazed units having a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a double-glazed unit shows
that the component concerned was approved in France (e2) pursuant to thisDirective under component type-approval number 001247.
Glass panes other than windscreens to be used as windscreens for tractors:
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane shows that the
component concerned intended to be used as a windscreen on a tractor wasapproved in France (e2) pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
Glass panes other than windscreens having a regular light transmittance of 70 % more
The above component type-approval mark affixed to a glass pane other than a
windscreen to which the requirements of point 9.1.4.1 of Annex III C areapplicable shows that the component concerned was approved in France (e2)pursuant to this Directive under component type-approval number 001247.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 38
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ANNEX III B

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Appendix 1
TOUGHENED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III D or III I)

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Appendix 2
UNIFORMLY TOUGHENED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III E or III I)

1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 41
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Appendix 3
LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
(ordinary, treated or plastic-coated)
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III F, III H or III I)

1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 42
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Appendix 4
LAMINATED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III G or III I)

1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 43
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Appendix 5
GLASS-PLASTIC WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III J)

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Appendix 6
GLASS-PLASTIC PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III K)

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Appendix 7
DOUBLE-GLAZED UNITS
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex III L)

1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 46
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Appendix 8
CONTENTS OF THE LIST OF WINDSCREENS (1)
(1) This list must be attached toAppendices 1, 2 (if applicable), 3 and 5 tothis Annex.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 47
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ANNEX III C
GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS
1. FRAGMENTATION TESTS
1.1 The pane of glass to be tested must not be rigidly secured; it may
however be fastened on an indentical glass pane by means of adhesivetape applied all round the edge.
1.2. To obtain fragmentation, a hammer of about 75 g or some other
appliance giving equivalent results is used. The radius of curvature ofthe point is 0,2 ± 0,05 mm.
1.3. One test must be carried out at each prescribed point of impact.1.4. An examination must be made of the fragments on photographic
contact paper, exposure commencing not more than 10 seconds andterminating not more than three minutes after impact. Only the darkestlines, representing the initial fracture, are taken into consideration. Thelaboratory must keep photographic reproductions of the fragmentationobtained.
2. BALL-IMPACT TESTS2.1. 227-g-ball test
2.1.1. Apparatus
2.1.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 22 7±2ga n da diameter of
approximately 38 mm.
2.1.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a
device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by thefree fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance onvelocity must b e±1%oft h e velocity equivalent to that obtained by
the free fall.
2.1.1.3. Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 1, composed of steel
frames, with machined borders 15 mm wide, fitting one over the otherand faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm wide andof hardness 50 IRHD.
The lower frame rests on a steel box about 150 mm high. The
test-piece is held in place by the upper frame, the mass of which isabout 3 kg. The supporting frame is welded on to a sheet of steelabout 12 mm thick resting on the floor with an interposed sheet ofrubber about 3 mm thick and of hardness 50 IRHD.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 48
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Figure 1
Support for ball tests
2.1.2. Test conditions
— Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.
— Pressure: 860 to1 060 mbar.— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
2.1.3. Test piece
The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/− 0 mm.
2.1.4. Procedure
Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four
hours immediately proceding the test.
Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece
must be perpendicular, within 3 °, to the incident direction of the ball.
The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of
the test piece for a drop height of 6 m or less, and within 50 mm of thecentre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 m. The ballmust strike that face of the test piece which represents the outside faceof the safety-glass pane when mounted on the vehicle. The ball isallowed to make only one impact.
2.2. 2 260-g-ball test
2.2.1. Apparatus
2.2.1.1. Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2 260 ± 20 g and a diameter of
approximately 82 mm.
2.2.1.2. Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a
device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by thefree fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance onvelocity must b e±1%oft h e velocity equivalent to that obtained by
the free fall.
2.2.1.3. The supporting fixture is as shown in Figure 1 and identical with that
described in point 2.1.1.3.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 49
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2.2.2. Test conditions
— Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.
— Pressure: 860 to1 060 mbar.— Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
2.2.3. Test piece
The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/− 0 mm or cut
out from the flattest part of a windscreen or other curved pane ofsafety glass.
Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved pane of safety
glass may be tested. In this case care must be taken toensure adequatecontact between the safety-glass pane and the support.
2.2.4. Procedure
Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four
hours immediately proceding the test.
Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece
must be perpendicular, within 3 °, to the incident direction of the ball.
In the case of glass-plastic glazing the test piece is clamped to the
support.
The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of
the test piece. The ball must strike that face of the test piece whichrepresents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter ismounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.
3. HEADFORM TEST
3.1. Apparatus
3.1.1. Headform weight with a spherical or semi-spherical headform made of
laminated hardwood covered with replaceable felt and with or withouta cross-beam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped intermediatepiece between the spherical part and the cross-beam and a mountingrod on the other side of the cross-beam.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 50
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The dimensions are in accordance with Figure 2.
The total mass of the apparatus is 10 ± 0,2 kg.
Figure 2
Headform weight
3.1.2. Device for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be
specified, or device for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to thatobtained by the free fall.
When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance
on velocity must b e±1%oft h e velocity equivalent to that obtained
by the free fall.
3.1.3. Supporting fixture, as shown in Figure 3, for testing flat test pieces.
The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders50 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gasketsabout 3 mm thick and 15 ± 1 mm wide and a hardness 70 IRHD.
The upper frame is held pressed against the lower frame by at least
eight bolts.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 51
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3.2. Test conditions
3.2.1. — Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.
3.2.2. — Pressure: 860 to1 060 mbar.3.2.3. — Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
Figure 3
Support for headform tests
(1) The minimum recommended torque for M 20 is 30 Nm.
3.3. Procedure
3.3.1. Test on a flat test piece
The flat test piece, having a length of 1 100 + 5/− 2 mm and a width
of 500 + 5/− 2 mm is kept at a constant temperature of 20 ± 5 °Cf or
at least four hours immediately preceding the test. Fix the test piece inthe supporting frames (3.1.3); tighten the bolts so as to ensure that themovement of the test piece during the test does not exceed 2 mm. Theplane of the test piece must be substantially perpendicular to theincident direction of the weight. The weight must strike the test piecewithin 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents theinward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on thevehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.
The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.
3.3.3. Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less
than or equal to 1,5 m)
Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of
rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width ofcontact over the whole perimeter being about 15 mm. The supportconsists of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the windscreensothat the headfo rm weight strikes the internal surface. If necessary,the support must rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet ofrubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm.
The surface of the windscreen must be substantially perpendicular to
the incident direction of the headform weight.
The headform weight must strike the windscreen at a point within 40
mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inwardface of the safety glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle,and be allowed to make only one impact.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 52
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The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.
4. ABRASION TEST4.1. Apparatus
4.1.1. Abrading instrument (
1), shown diagrammatically in Figure 4 and
consisting of:
— a horizontal turntable, with centre clamp, which revolves counter-
clockwise at 65 to 75 rev/min, and
Figure 4
Diagram of abrading instrument
— twoweighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive wheel
freely relating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each wheelrests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of500 g.
The turntable of the abrading instrument must rotate regularly,
substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane must not begreater than ± 0,05 mm at a distance of 1,6 mm from turntableperiphery). The wheels must be mounted in such a way that when theyare in contact with the rotating test piece they rotate in oppositedirections so as to exert, twice during each rotation of the test piece, acompressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annulararea of about 30 cm
2.
4.1.2. Abrasive wheels (2), each 45 to50 mm in diameter and 12,5 mm thick,
composed of a special finely screened abrasive embedded in amedium-hard rubber. The wheels must have a hardness of 72 ± 5IRHD, as measured at four points equally spaced on the centre line ofthe abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically along adiameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10 seconds afterfull application of the pressure.
The abrasive wheels must be prepared for use by very slow rotation
against a sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completelyeven.
4.1.3. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament
contained within a parallel pipe measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 m m×3m m .
The voltage must be stabilized within ± 1/1 000. The instrument usedto check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.
4.1.4. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length, ƒ, of at least
500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture ofthe lens must not exceed ƒ/20. The distance between the lens and the
light source is adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which issubstantially parallel. A diaphragm is inserted tolimit the diameter o fthe light beam to7 m m ± 1 mm. This diaphragm must be situated at a
(1) A suitable abrading instrument is supplied by Teledyne Taber (United States of
America).
(2) Suitable abrasive wheels may be obtained from Teledyne Taber (United States of
America).
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 53
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distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the
light source.
4.1.5. Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 5), consisting of a
photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 to 250 mm in diam-eter. The sphere is equipped with entrance and exit ports for the light.The entrance port must be circular and have a diameter at least twicethat of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere is provided witheither a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedureas described in point 4.4.3 below. The light trap absorbs all the lightwhen notest piece is inserted in the light beam.
The axis of the light beam must pass through the centre of the entrance
and exit ports. The diameter, b, of the light-exit port must be equal to
2a·tan 4 °, where ais the diameter of the sphere. The photoelectric
cell must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be reached by lightcoming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectancestandard.
The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflec-
tance standard must be of substantially equal reflectance and matt andnon-selective. The output of the photoelectric cell must be linearwithin±2%ov e rt h e range of luminous intensities used.
The design of the instrument must be such that there is no galvan-
ometer deflection when the sphere is dark. The whole apparatus mustbe checked at regular intervals by means of calibration standards ofdefined haze. If haze measurements are made using equipment ormethods differing from those defined above, the results must beco rrected, if necessary, tobring them intoagreement with tho seobtained by the apparatus described above.
Figure 5
Hazamenter
4.2. Test conditions
4.2.1. Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.
4.2.2. Pressure: 860 to1 060 mbar.4.2.3. Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.
4.3. Test pieces
The test pieces must be flat squares whose sides measure 100 mm
having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel and if necessaryhaving a fixing hole 6,4 + 0,2/−0 mm in diameter drilled in the centre.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 54
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Reading With test piece With light trapWith reflectance
standardQuantity represented4.4. Procedure
The abrasion test is carried out on that surface of the test piece which
represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when the latter ismounted on the vehicle and also on the inward-face in the case of aglass pane with a plastic coating.
4.4.1. Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces in the
following manner:
(a) wipe with a linen cloth under clean running water;
(b) rinse with distilled or demineralized water;
(c) blow dry with oxygen or nitrogen;
(d) remove possible traces of water by dabbing softly with a damp
linen cloth. If necessary, dry by pressing lightly between two linencloths.
Any treatment with ultrasonic equipment must be avoided. After
cleaning, the test pieces must be handled only by their edges andstored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces.
4.4.2. Condition the test pieces for a minimum time of 48 hours at a
temperature of 20 ± 5 °C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 20 %.
4.4.3. Immediately place the test piece against the entrance port of the
integrating sphere. The angle between the normal (perpendicular) tothe surface of the test piece and the axis of the beam must not exceed8°.
Take four readings as indicated in the following table:
T1 No No Yes Incident light
T2 Yes No Yes Total light transmitted by test
piece
T3 No Yes No Light scattered by instrument
T4 Yes Yes No Light scattered by instrument andtest piece
Repeat readings T
1,T2,T3and T4with other specified positions of the
test piece todetermine unifo rmity.
Calculate the total transmittance Tt=T2/T1.
Calculate the diffuse transmittance Tdas follows:
Td=T4−T3(T2/T1)
T1
Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows:
Td
Tt× 100 (%)
Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four equally
spaced points in the unabraded area in accordance with the formulaabove. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the fourmeasurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the pieceuniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.
For each safety-glass pane, carry out three tests with the same kind.
Use the haze as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the testpiece has been subjected tothe abrasio n test.
Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of four
equally spaced points along the track in accordance with the formulaabove. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the fourmeasurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the pieceuniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.
4.5 The abrasion test to be carried out only at the discretion of the
laboratory conducting the test with due regard to the informationalready at its disposal, e.g. changes in the interlayer or material thick-ness will not normally necessitate further testing.
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Colourless Tinted4.6. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics.
No secondary characteristics are involved.
5. HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEST5.1. Procedure
Heat to100 °C three test samples or three test pieces of at least 300
mm × 300 mm taken by the laboratory from three windscreens orthree glass panes other than windscreens, as appropriate, one of whosedimensions corresponds to the upper edge of the pane.
Maintain this temperature for a period of two hours, then allow the test
sample(s) to cool to room temperature. If the safety-glass pane hasboth external surfaces of inorganic material, the test may be carriedout by immersing the test sample vertically in boiling water for thespecified period of time, care being taken to avoid undue thermalshock. If specimens are cut from windscreens, one edge of each suchtest specimen shall be part of an edge of the windscreen.
5.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colouring of the interlayer: 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
5.3. Interpretation of results
5.3.1. The test for resistance to high temperature is considered to give a
positive result if bubbles or other defects are not formed more than 15mm from an uncut edge or 25 mm from a cut edge of the test piece orsample or more than 10 mm from any cracks which may occur duringthe test.
5.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval
are considered satisfactory from the point of view of the high-tempera-ture resistance test if either of the following conditions is fulfilled:
5.3.2.1. all the tests give a satisfactory result, or5.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples give satisfactoryresults.
6. RESISTANCE-TO-RADIATION TEST6.1. Test method
6.1.1. Apparatus
6.1.1.1. Radiation source consisting of a medium-pressure mercury-vapour arc
lamp with a tubular quartz bulb of ozone-free type; the bulb axis isvertical. The nominal dimensions of the lamp are 360 mm in length by9,5 mm in diameter. The arc length is 30 0 ± 4 mm. The lamp must be
operated at 750 ± 50 W.
Any other source of radiation which produces the same effects as the
lamp specified above may be used. To check that the effects ofanother source are the same, a comparison is made by measuring theamount of energy emitted within a wavelength range of 300 to 450mm, all other wavelengths being removed by the use of suitable filters.The alternative source is then used with these filters.
In the case of safety-glass panes for which there is no satisfactory
correlation between this test and the conditions of use it will benecessary to review the test conditions.
6.1.1.2. Power supply transformer and capacitor capable of supplying to the
lamp (6.1.1.1) a starting peak-voltage of 1 100 V minimum and anoperating voltage of 500 ± 50 V.
6.1.1.3. Device for mounting and rotating the test specimens at 1 to 5 rev/min
about the centrally located radiation source in order to ensure evenexposure.
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Colourless Tinted6.1.2. Test pieces
6.1.2.1. The size of the test pieces is 76 mm × 300 mm.6.1.2.2. The test pieces are cut by the laboratory from the upper part of the
panes in such a way that:
— in the case of glass panes other than windscreens the upper edge of
the test pieces coincides with the upper edge of the panes,
— in the case of windscreens the upper edge of the test pieces
coincides with the upper limit of the zone in which regular trans-mittance is to be checked and determined in accordance with point9.1.2.2 of this Annex.
6.1.3. Procedure
Check the regular light transmittance, determined in accordance with
points 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex, of three test samples beforeexposure. Protect a portion of each sample from the radiation, and thenplace the sample in the test apparatus 230 mm from and parallellengthwise tothe lamp axis. Maintain the temperature o f the samplesat 45 ± 5 °C throughout the test. That face of each test sample which
would constitute a grazed exterior part of the tractor must face thelamp. For the type of lamp specified in point 6.1.1.1 the exposure timeis 100 hours. After exposure, measure the regular light transmittanceagain in the exposed area of each sample.
6.1.4. Each test piece or sample (three in total) is subjected, in accordance
with the procedure above, to radiation such that the radiation on eachpoint of the test piece or sample produces on the interlayer used thesame effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of1 400 W/m
2for 100 hours.
6.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colouring of glass 2 1
Colouring of interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
6.3. Interpretation of results
6.3.1. The test for resistance to radiation is deemed to have given a positive
result if the following conditions are fulfilled:
6.3.1.1. the total light transmittance measured in accordance with sections
9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex does not fall below 95 % of the originalvalue before irradiation and, in any case does not fall below:
6.3.1.1.1. 70 % in the case of glass panes other than windscreens which must
meet the requirements concerning the driver’s field of vision in alldirections;
6.3.1.1.2. 75 % in the case of windscreens, within the zone in which regular
transmittance is to be checked, as defined in point 9.1.2.2 below.
6.3.1.2. The test piece or sample may however show a slight coloration after
irradiation when examined against a white background, but no otherdefect may be apparent.
6.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval
is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance toradiation test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
6.3.2.1. all tests give a satisfactory result, or6.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples give satisfactoryresults.
7. RESISTANCE-TO-HUMIDITY TEST7.1. Procedure
Keep three test samples or three test pieces at least 300 mm × 300 mm
square vertically for two weeks in a closed container in which the
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Colourless Tinted
Colourless Tintedtemperature is maintained at 50 ± 2 °C and the relative humidity at 95
%±4% (1).
Test pieces are prepared in such a way that:
— one edge of each test piece is part of an original edge of the
windscreen,
— should several test pieces be tested at the same time, adequate
spacing must be provided between them.
Precautions must be taken to prevent condensation from the walls or
ceiling of the test chamber from falling on the test specimens.
7.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colouring of interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
7.3. Interpretation of results
7.3.1. Safety-glass panes are deemed to be satisfactory from the point of
view of resistance to humidity if no significant change is observedmore than 10 mm from the uncut edges or more than 15 mm from thecut edges, following a stay of two hours in the ambient atmosphere byordinary and treated laminated glass, and of 48 hours in the ambientatmosphere by plastic-coated glass panes and plastic glazing.
7.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval
is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance tohumidity test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
7.3.2.1. all the tests give a satisfactory result;7.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of samples give satisfactory results.
8. TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE8.1. Test method
Two 300 × 300 mm test pieces are placed in an enclosed chamber for
six hours at a temperature of − 40 ± 5 °C; they are then placed in the
ambient air at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C for an hour, or until the test
piece has reached a stable temperature. They are then placed in an airflow at a temperature of 72 ± 2 °C for three hours. The test pieces are
then examined after they have been returned tothe ambient air at 23 ±2°C and cooled to that temperature.
8.2. Index of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colouring of plastic interlayer or coating 1 2
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
8.3. Interpretation of results
The test of resistance to changes in temperature is considered to have
given a positive result if the test pieces display no cracking, opacifica-tion, exfoliation or other obvious deterioration.
9. OPTICAL QUALITIES9.1. Light transmission test
9.1.1. Apparatus
9.1.1.1. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp having its filament
contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3mm. The voltage at the lamp filament must be such that the colour
(1) These test conditions exclude any condensation on the test pieces.
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Colourless Tintedtemperature is 2 85 6K±5 0K . This voltage is stabilized within ±
1/1 000. The instrument used to check the voltage must be of appropriate
accuracy.
9.1.1.2. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length of at least 500
mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of thelens must not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the lightso urce must be soadjusted as too btain a light beam which is substan-tially parallel.
A diaphragm is inserted tolimit the diameter o f the light beam to7 ±
1 mm. This diaphragm is situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm fromthe lens on the side remote from the light source. The point ofmeasurement is taken at the centre of the light beam.
9.1.1.3. Measuring equipment. The receiver must have a relative spectral
sensitivity in substantial agreement with the relative spectral luminousefficiency for the ICI (
1) standard photometric observer for photopic
vision. The sensitive surface of the receiver is covered with a diffusingmedium and must have at least twice the cross-section of the lightbeam emitted by the optical system. If an integrating sphere is used,the aperture of the sphere must have a cross-sectional area at leasttwice that of the parallel portion of the beam.
The linearity of the receiver and the associated indicated instrument
must be better tha n2%oft h e effective part of the scale.
9.1.2. Procedure
So adjust the instrument indicating the response of the receiver that it
indicates 100 divisions when the safety-glass pane is not inserted inthe light path. When nolight is falling o n the receiver, the instrumentmust read zero.
Place the safety-glass pane at a distance from the receiver equal to
approximately five times the diameter of the receiver. Insert thesafety-glass pane between the diaphragm and the receiver and adjustits orientation in such a way that the angle of incidence of the lightbeam is equal to0 °±5°. The regular transmittance is measured on the
safety-glass pane, and for every point measured the number of divi-sions,n, shown on the indicating instrument, are read. The regular
transmittance τ
ris equal to n/100.
9.1.2.1. In the case of windscreens, alternative test methods may be applied
using either a test sample cut from the flattest part of a windscreen ora specially prepared flat square with material and thickness character-istics identical to those of the actual windscreen, the measurementsbeing taken normal (perpendicular) to the glass pane.
9.1.2.2. The test is carried out in the zone I specified in point 9.2.5.2 of this
Annex.
9.1.2.3. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I,
the test is carried out in zone I /prime1as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this
Annex.
9.1.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colouring of the glass 1 2
Colouring of the interlayer
(in the case of laminated windscreens) 1 2
(1) International Commission on Illumination.
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not included included
Shade and/or obscuration bands 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
9.1.4. Interpretation of results
9.1.4.1. The regular transmittance measured according to section 9.1.2 in the
case of windscreens must not be less than 75 %, and in the case ofwindows other than windscreens not less than 70 %.
9.1.4.2. In the case of windows situated at points which are not essential to the
driver’s field of vision (glazed roof, for example) the regular transmit-tance factor of the light from the pane may be less than 70 %.Windows having a regular light transmittance factor of less than 70 %must be marked with an appropriate symbol.
9.2. Optical-distortion test
9.2.1. Scope
The method specified is a projection method which permits evaluation
of the optical distortion of a safety-glass pane.
9.2.1.1. Definitions
9.2.1.1.1. Optical deviation: the angle between the true and the apparent direc-
tion of a point viewed through the safety-glass pane, the magnitude ofthe angle being a function of the angle of incidence of the line ofsight, the thickness and inclination of the glass pane, and the radius ofcurvature at the point of incidence.
9.2.1.1.2. Optical distortion in a direction MM /prime1: the algebraic difference in
angular deviation ∆αmeasured between twopo ints M and M /prime1on the
surface of the safety-glass pane, the distance between the two pointsbeing such that their projections in a plane at right angles to thedirection of vision are separated by a given distance ∆x (see Figure 6).
Anti-clockwise deviation is to be regarded as positive and clockwise
deviation as negative.
9.2.1.1.3. Optical distortion at a point M: the optical distortion maximum for all
directions MM /prime1from the point M.
9.2.1.2. Apparatus
This method entails the projection of an appropriate slide (raster) on to
the display screen through the safety-glass pane being tested. Thechange caused in the shape of the projected image by the insertion ofthe safety-glass pane in the line of light provides a measures of thedistortion. The apparatus comprises the following items, arranged asshown in Figure 9.
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Figure 6
Diagrammatic representation of optical distortion
Notes: ∆α=α1−α2, i.e. the optical distortion in the direction MM /prime1.
∆x= MC i.e. the distance between two straight lines parallel to the direction of vision and
passing through the points M and M /prime1.
Figure 7
Optical arrangement of the projector
9.2.1.2.1. Projector, of good quality, with a high-intensity point light source,
having for example the following characteristics:
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— focal length at least 90 mm,
— aperture approximately 1/2,5,— 150 W quartz halogen lamp (if used without a filter),— 250 W quartz halogen lamp (if a green filter is used).
Figure 8
Enlarged section of the slide
The projector is shown schematically in Figure 7. A diaphragm of 8
mm diameter is positioned approximately 10 mm from the front lens.
9.2.1.2.2. Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular
shapes on a dark background (see Figure 8). The slide must be ofsufficiently high quality and co ntrast toenable measurement tobecarried out with an error of less than 5 %. In the absence of thesafety-glass pane to be examined, the dimensions of the circularshapes must be such that when the circular shapes are projected they
form an array of circles of diameterR
1+R2
R1∆x where ∆x=4
mm (see Figures 6 and 9).
Figure 9
Arrangement of the apparatus for the optical-distortion test
9.2.1.2.3. Support stand, preferably one permitting vertical and horizontal scan-
ning, as well as rotation of the safety-glass pane.
9.2.1.2.4. Checking template, for measuring changes in dimensions where a
rapid assessment is required. A suitable design is shown in Figure 10.
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Figure 10
Design for a suitable checking template
9.2.1.3. Pro cedure
9.2.1.3.1. General
Mount the safety-glass pane on the support stand (9.2.1.2.3) at the
designated rake angle. Project the test image through the area beingexamined. Rotate the safety-glass pane or move it either horizontallyor vertically in order to examine the whole of the specified area.
9.2.1.3.2. Assessment using a checking template
Where a rapid assessment with a possible margin of error of up to 20
% is sufficient, calculate the value of A(see Figure 10) from the limit
value ∆α
Lfor the change in deviation and the value of R2, the distance
from the safety-glass pane to the display screen:
A = 0,145 ∆αL·R2
The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected
image -d and the change in angular deviation - αis given by:
∆d = 0,29 ∆α·R2
where:
∆d is expressed in millimetres,
A is expressed in millimetres,∆α
Lis expressed in minutes of arc,
∆αis expressed in minutes of arc, and
R2is expressed in metres.
9.2.1.3.3. Measurement using a photoelectric device
Where a precise measurement with a possible margin of error of less
than 10 % of the limit value is required, measure ∆d on the projection
axis, the value of the spot width being taken at the point where theluminance is 0,5 times the maximum spot luminance value.
9.2.1.4. Expression of results
Evaluate the optical distortion of the safety-glass panes by measuring
-d at any point of the surface and in all directions in order to find ∆d
max.
9.2.1.5. Alternative method
In addition, a strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to the
projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the measurementsgiven in points 9.2.1.3.2 and 9.2.1.3.3 is maintained.
9.2.1.6. The distance ∆x must be 4 mm.
9.2.1.7. The windscreen must be mounted at the same rake angle as on the
tractor.
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Polished (plate) glass Float glass Sheet glass9.2.1.8. The projection axis in the horizontal plane must be maintained approx-
imately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.
9.2.2. The measurements are performed in zone I as prescribed in point
9.2.5.2 of this Annex.
9.2.2.1. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I
as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex, the test is carried out in zoneI/prime1, as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex.
9.2.2.2. Tractor type
The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a
tractor of a type which has a different forward field of vision from thatof the tractor type for which the windscreen has already beenapproved.
9.2.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
9.2.3.1. Nature of the material
11 2
9.2.3.2. Other secondary characteristics
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
9.2.4. Number of samples
Four samples must be submitted for testing.
9.2.5. Definition of the zone of vision of tractor windscreens.
9.2.5.1. The zone of vision is defined on the basis of:9.2.5.1.1. the reference point as defined in point 1.2 of the Annex ‘Field of
vision' to Council Directive 74/347/EEC of 25 June 1974 on theapproximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the field ofvision and windscreen wipers for wheeled agricultural and forestrytractors. This point is designated as O below;
9.2.5.1.2. the straight line OQ which is the horizontal straight line passing
through the reference point and perpendicular to the median longitu-dinal plane of the tractor;
9.2.5.2. zone I is the windscreen zone determined by the intersection of the
windscreen with the four planes defined below:
P
1— a vertical plane passing through O and forming an angle of 15 °
to the left of the median longitudinal plane of the tractor,
P2— a vertical plane symmetrical toP1about the median longitu-
dinal plane of the tractor.
If this is not possible (in the absence of a symmetrical median
longitudinal plane, for instance) P2is the plane symmetrical to
P1about the longitudinal plane of the tractor passing through
the reference point,
P3— a plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an
angle of 10 °above the horizontal plane,
P4— a plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an
angle of 8 °below the horizontal plane.
9.2.5.3. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I,
as defined in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex, zone I /prime1consists of the whole
surface of the windscreen.
9.2.6. Interpretation of results
A type of windscreen is considered satisfactory as regards optical
distortion if, in the four samples submitted for testing, optical distor-tion does not exceed a maximum value of 2 /prime1of an arc in either zone I
or zone I /prime1.
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9.2.6.1. Nomeasurement must be perfo rmed within a 100-mm-wide peripheral
zone.
9.2.6.2. In the case of divided windscreens, no measurement is performed
within a band 35 mm in width, starting from the edge of the pane,which may be adjacent tothe screen divider.
9.3. Secondary-image separation test
9.3.1. Scope
Two test methods are recognized:
— target test, and
— collimation telescope test.
These test methods may be used for component type-approval, quality-
control or product-evaluation purposes, as appropriate.
9.3.1.1. Target test
9.3.1.1.1. Apparatus
This method involves viewing an illuminated target through the safety-
glass pane. The target may be designed in such a way that the test canbe carried out on a simple go/no go basis.
The target must preferably be of one of the following types:
(a) an illuminated ring target whose outer diameter, D, subtends an
angle of nminutes of arc at a point situated at xmetres (Figure
11a); or
(b) an illuminated ring and spot target whose dimensions are such that
the distance, D, from a point on the edge of the spot to the nearest
point on the inside of the circle subtends an angle of nminutes of
arc at a point situated at xmetres (Figure 11b);
where:n is the limit value of secondary-image separation,x is the distance from the safety-glass pane to the target (not less than
7 m),
is given by the formula:
D=x ·tan n
The illuminated target consists of a light box, approximately 300 mm
× 300 mm × 150 mm, whose front is most conveniently constructed ofglass masked with opaque black paper or coated with matt black paint.The box is illuminated by a suitable light source. The inside of the boxis coated with matt white paint. It may be convenient to use otherforms of target, such as that shown in Figure 14. It is also acceptableto replace the target system by a projection system and to view theresulting images on a screen.
9.3.1.1.2. Procedure
Mount the safety-glass pane at the specified rake angle on a suitable
stand in such a way that the observation is carried out in the horizontalplane passing through the centre of the target.
The light box must be viewed, in a dark or semi-dark room, through
each part of the area being examined, in order to detect the presence ofany secondary image associated with the illuminated target. Rotate thesafety-glass pane as necessary to ensure that the correct direction ofview is maintained. A monocular may be used for viewing.
9.3.1.1.3. Expression of results
Determine whether:
— when target (a) (see figure 11a) is used, the primary and secondary
image of the circle separate, i.e. whether the limit value of nis
exceeded, or
— when target (b) (see figure 11b) is used, the secondary image of
the spot shifts beyond the point of tangency with the inside edgeof the circle, i.e. whether the limit value of nis exceeded.
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Figure 11
Dimensions of targets
Figure 12
Arrangement of apparatus
Figure 13
1. Lamp bulb.
2. Condenser aperture >8,6 mm.
3. Ground-glass screen aperture >condenser aperture.
4. Colour filter with central hole approximately 0,3 mm in diameter; diameter >8,6 mm.
5. Polar-coordinate plate, diameter >8,6 mm.
6. Achromatic lens, f ≥86 mm, aperture 10 mm.
7. Achromatic lens, f ≥86 mm, aperture 10 mm.
8. Black spot, diameter approximately 0,3 mm.9. Achromatic lens ,f=2 0m m , aperture ≤10 mm.
Apparatus for collimation telescope test
9.3.1.2. Co llimation telescope test
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If necessary, the procedure described in this section is applied.
9.3.1.2.1. Apparatus
The apparatus comprises a collimator and a telescope and may be set
up in accordance with Figure 13. However, any equivalent opticalsystem may be used.
9.3.1.2.2. Procedure
The collimation telescope forms at infinity the image of a polar-coor-
dinate system with a bright point at its centre (see Figure 14). In thefocal plane of the observation telescope, a small opaque spot with adiameter slightly larger than of the projected bright point is placed onthe optical axis, thus obscuring the bright point.
Figure 14
Example of observation by the collimation telescope test method
9.3.1.2.2. When a test piece which exhibits a secondary image is placed between
the telescope and the collimator, a second, less bright point appears ata certain distance from the centre of the polar-coordinate system. Thesecondary-image separation can be read out as the distance betweenthe points seen through the observation telescope (see Figure 14). (Thedistance between the dark spot and the bright point at the centre of thepolar-coordinate system represents the optical deviation.)
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Polished (plate) glass Float glass Sheet glass9.3.1.2.3. Expression of results
The safety-glass pane is first examined by a simple scanning technique
to establish the area giving the strongest secondary image. That area isthen examined by the collimator telescope system at the appropriateangle of incidence. The maximum secondary-image separation ismeasured.
9.3.1.3. The direction of observation in the horizontal plane must be main-
tained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in thatplane.
9.3.2. The measurements are performed according to tractor category in the
zones defined in section 9.2.2.
9.3.2.1. Tractor type
The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a
tractor of a type which has a forward field of vision different from thatof the tractor for which the windscreen has already been approved.
9.3.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
9.3.3.1. Nature of the material
11 2
9.3.3.2. Other secondary characteristics
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
9.3.4. Number of samples
Four samples must be submitted for testing.
9.3.5. Interpretation of results
A type of windscreen is considered satisfactory as regards secondary-
image separation if, in the four samples submitted for testing, separa-tion of the primary and secondary image does not exceed a maximumvalue of 15 /prime1of an arc.
9.3.5.1. Nomeasurement must be carried o ut in a 100 mm-wide peripheral
zone.
9.3.5.2. In the case of divided windscreens no measurement may be performed
within a band 35 mm in width, starting from the edge of the pane,which may be adjacent tothe screen divider.
9.4. Identification of colours test
When a windscreen is tinted in the zones defined in 9.2.5.2 or 9.2.5.3,
four windscreens are tested for identifiability of the following colours:
white,selective yellow,red,green,blue,amber.
10. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST10.1. Purpose and scope of application
This method enables the horizontal burning rate of materials used in
the occupant compartment of tractors after exposure to a small flameto be determined. This method permits testing of materials and compo-nents of a tractor’s interior equipment individually or in combinationup to a thickness of 15 mm. It is used to judge the uniformity ofproduction lots of such materials with respect to their burning behav-iour. Because of the many differences between the real-world situation(application and orientation within a tractor; conditions of use; ignition
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source, etc.) and the precise test conditions prescribed herein, this
method cannot be considered as suitable for evaluation of all truein-tractor burning characteristics.
10.2. Definitions
10.2.1. Burning rate: the quotient of the burnt distance measured according to
this method and the time taken to burn that distance.
It is expressed in millimetres per minute.
10.2.2. Composite material: a material composed of several layers of similar
or different materials intimately held together at their surface bycementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc. When different materialsare connected together intermittently (for example, by sewing, high-frequency welding, riveting), then in order to permit the preparation ofindividual samples in accordance with section 10.5 such materials arenot considered as composite materials.
10.2.3. Exposed side: the side which is facing towards the occupant compart-
ment (passenger compartment) when the material is mounted in thetractor.
10.3. Principle
A sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and is exposed to
the action of a defined low-energy flame for 15 seconds in a combus-tion chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample. The testdetermines whether and when the flame is extinguished or the timewhich the flame requires to proceed over a measured distance.
10.4. Apparatus
10.4.1. Combustion chamber (Figure 15), preferably of stainless steel, having
the dimensions given in Figure 16. The front of the chamber containsa flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the entirefront and which can be constructed as an access panel.
The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot
all around. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mmhigh.
The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the
sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole isprovided for the gas supply line. Melted material is caught in a pan(see Figure 17) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber betweenvent holes without covering any vent hole area.
Figure 15
Example of combustion chamber with sample-holder and drip pan
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Figure 16
Example of combustion chamber
Figure 17
Typical drip pan
10.4.2. Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of
corrosion-proof material. Dimensions are given in Figure 18.
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The lower plate is equipped with pins and the upper one with corre-
sponding holes, in order to ensure a consistent holding of the sample.The pins also serve as measuring points at the beginning and end ofthe burning distance.
A support is provided in the form of heat-resistant wires 0,25 mm in
diameter spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottomU-shaped frame (see Figure 19).
Figure 18
Example of sample holder
Figure 19
Example of section of lower U-frame design for wire support facility
The plane of the lower side of samples must be 178 mm above the
floor plate. The distance of the front edge of the sample holder fromthe end of the chamber must be 22 mm; the distance of the longitu-dinal sides of the sample holder from the sides of the chamber must be50 mm (all inside dimensions). (See Figures 15 and 16.)
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10.4.3. Gas burner. The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner
having an inside diameter of 9,5 mm. It is so located in the test cabinetthat the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the centre of the bottomedge of the open end of the sample (see Figure 16).
10.4.4. Test gas. The gas supplied to the burner must have a calorific value of
about 38 MJ/m
3(for example natural gas).
10.4.5. Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven or eight smooth
rounded teeth per 25 mm.
10.4.6. Stop-watch, accurate to 0,5 second.10.4.7. Fume cupboard. The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume
cupboard assembly provided that the latter’s internal volume is at least20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of thecombustion chamber and provided that no single height, width, orlength dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2 times eitherof the other two dimensions.
Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume
cupboard is measured 100 mm forward of and to the rear of theultimate site of the combustion chamber. It must be between 0,10 and0,30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort to the operator fromcombustion products. It is possible to use a fume cupboard withnatural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
10.5. Samples
10.5.1. Shape and dimensions
The shape and dimensions of samples are given in Figure 20. The
thickness of the sample corresponds to the thickness of the product tobe tested. It must not be more than 13 mm. When sample taking sopermits, the sample must have a constant section over its entire length.When the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking asample of the given size, the following minimum dimensions must beobserved:
(a) for samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length must be 356
mm. In this case the material is tested over the product’s width;
(b) for samples having a width of 60 to 100 mm, the length must be at
least 138 mm. In this case the potential burning distance corre-sponds to the length of the sample, the measurement starting at thefirst measuring point;
(c) samples less than 60 mm wide and less than 356 mm long, and
samples 60 to 100 mm wide and less than 138 mm long, cannot betested according to the present method, nor can samples less than3 mm wide.
10.5.2. Sampling
At least five samples are tobe taken fro m the material under test. In
materials having burning rates differing according to the direction ofthe material (this being established by preliminary tests) the five (ormore) samples are to be taken and placed in the test apparatus in sucha way that the highest burning rate will be measured. When thematerial is supplied in set widths, a length of at least 500 mm coveringthe entire width is cut. Fro m the piece socut, the samples are tobetaken at not less than 100 mm from the edge of the material and atpoints equidistant from each other.
Samples are to be taken in the same way from finished products when
the shape of the product so permits. If the thickness of the product isover 13 mm it must be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical processapplied to the side which does not face the passenger compartment.
Composite materials (see 10.2.2) are to be tested as if they were
homogeneous.
In the case of materials comprising superimposed layers of different
composition which are not composite materials, all the layers ofmaterial included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facingtowards the passenger compartment are to be tested individually.
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Figure 20
Sample
10.5.3. Conditioning
The samples are to be conditioned for at least 24 hours, but no more
than 7 days, at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of
5 0±5% ,a n d maintained under these conditions until immediately
prior to testing.
10.6. Procedure
10.6.1. Place samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface, and
comb twice against the nap using the comb (10.4.5).
10.6.2. Place the sample in the sample holder (10.4.2) so that the exposed side
faces downwards, towards the flame.
10.6.3. Adjust the gas flame toa height o f 30 mm using the mark in the
chamber, the air intake of the burner being closed. The flame mustburn for at least one minute, for stabilization, before the first test isstarted.
10.6.4. Push the sample holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of
the sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off thegas flow.
10.6.5. Measurement of burning time starts at the moment when the foot of
the flame passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame propaga-tion on the side (upper or lower) which burns faster.
10.6.6. Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come
to the last measuring point or when the flame is extinguished beforereaching that point. If the flame does not reach the last measuringpoint, measure the burnt distance up to the point where the flame wasextinguished. Burnt distance is the part of the sample destroyed, on thesurface or inside, by burning.
10.6.7. If the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the
burner has been extinguished, or the flame goes out before reachingthe first measuring po int, sothat noburning time is measured, no te inthe test report that the burning is 0 mm/minute.
10.6.8. When running a series of tests or performing repeat tests, make sure
before starting a test that the temperature of the combustion chamberand sample-holder does not exceed 30 °C.
10.7. Calculation
The burning rate, B, in millimetres per minute, is given by the
formula:
B=s
t×6 0
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 73
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Colourless Tintedwhere:
s is the burnt distance, in millimetres,t is the time, in seconds, taken to burn the distance s.
10.8. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristics are involved.
10.9. Interpretation of results
Plastic-coated (2.3) and plastic safety glazing (2.4) are considered
satisfactory from the point of view of burning behaviour (fire resis-tance) if the burn rate does not exceed 250 mm/minute.
11. TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS11.1. Chemical agents to be used
11.1.1. Non-abrasive soapy solution: 1 % by weight of potassium oleate in
de-ionized water.
11.1.2. Window-cleaning product: aqueous solution of isopropanol and dipro-
pylene glycol monomethyl ether, each at a concentration of 5 to 10 %by weight, and of ammonium hydroxyde at a concentration of 1 to 5% by weight.
11.1.3. Non-dilute denatured alcohol: one part by volume of methyl alcohol in
10 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol.
11.1.4. Reference gasoline mixture of 50 % by volume of toluene, 30 % by
volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 15 % by volume of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane an d5%b yv o lume of ethyl alcohol.
11.1.5. Reference kerosene: mixture of 50 % by volume of n-octane and 50 %
by volume of n-decane.
11.2. Test method
Two180 × 25 mm test pieces are each tobe tested with chemical
agents as provided for in section 11.1, a new test piece being used foreach test and product. After each test the pieces are to be cleaned inaccordance with the manufacturer’s instruction, and then conditionedfor 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of
5 0±5% . These conditions are to be maintained during the tests. The
test pieces are to be completely immersed in the test liquid for oneminute, withdrawn and then immediately dried with a (clean) absor-bent cotton cloth.
11.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colouring of the plastic interlayer, or
coating 1 2
No secondary characteristic is involved.
11.4. Interpretation of the results
11.4.1. The test for resistance to chemical agents is considered to be positive
if the test pieces display no softening, stickiness, surface cracking orapparent loss of transparency.
11.4.2. A series of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory as regards resistance to chemical agents if oneof the following conditions has been met:
11.4.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results;11.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactoryresults.
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ANNEX III D
TOUGHENED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Toughened-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to different
types if they differ in at least one of the following principal orsecondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Toughened-glass windscreens are considered as belonging to one or
other of two groups for the purposes of the fragmentation andmechanical-properties tests, i.e.:
1.1.2.1. flat windscreens, and1.1.2.2. curved windscreens;1.1.3. the thickness category in which the nominal thickness ‘e' lies (a
manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed):
— category I: e ≤4,5 mm
— category II: 4,5 mm <e≤5,5 mm
— category III: 5,5 mm <e≤6,5 mm
— category IV: 6,5 mm <e
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),1.2.2. colouring (colourless or tinted),1.2.3. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. FRAGMENTATION TEST2.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
2.1.1. Only the nature of the material is involved.2.1.2. Float glass and sheet glass are considered to have the same index of
difficulty.
2.1.3. The fragmentation tests must be repeated on transition from polished
(plate) glass to float glass or sheet glass, and vice versa.
2.1.4. The tests must be repeated if obscuration bands other than painted
bands are used.
2.2. Number of samples
Six samples from the smallest-developed-area series and six samples
from the largest-developed-area series, selected as prescibed inAnnex III M, are tobe tested.
2.3. Different zones of glass
A toughened-glass windscreen must comprise two main zones, FI
and FII. It may also comprise an intermediate zone, FIII.
These zones are as defined below:
2.3.1. zone FI: peripheral zone of fine fragmentation, at least 7 cm wide,
all round the edge of the windscreen and including an outer strip 2cm wide not subjected to assessment;
2.3.2. zone FII: visibility zone of varying fragmentation, always including
a rectangular part at least 20 cm high and 50 cm long.
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2.3.2.1. The centre of the rectangle is inside a circle having a radius of 10
cm centred on the projection of the reference point.
2.3.2.2. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine the
reference point, the position of the visibility zone must be indicatedin the test report.
2.3.2.3. The height of the above rectangle may be reduced to 15 cm for
windscreens which are less than 44 cm high;
2.3.3. zone FIII: intermediate zone, not more than 5 cm wide, between
zones FI and FII.
2.4. Test method
The method used is that described in section 1 of Annex III C.
2.5. Points of impact (see Annex III N, Figure 2).
2.5.1. The points of impact are selected as follows:
point 1: in the central part of zone FII in an area of high or low
strees;
point 2: in zone FIII, as near as possible to the vertical plane of
symmetry of zone FII;
points 3 and 3 /prime1: 3 cm from the edges of one median of the sample;
when there is a tong mark, one of the breakage points shall be nearthe edge bearing the tong mark and the other near the opposite edge;
point 4: at the place where the radius of curvature is smallest on the
longest median;
point 5: 3 cm from the edge of the sample at the place where the
radius of curvature of the edge is smallest, either to the left or to theright.
2.5.2. A fragmentation test is performed at each of the points 1, 2, 3, 3 /prime1,4
and 5.
2.6. Interpretation of results
2.6.1. A test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if fragmentation
satisfies all the conditions given in points 2.6.1.1, 2.6.1.2 and 2.6.1.3below.
2.6.1.1. Zone FI
2.6.1.1.1. The number of fragments in an y5×5c m square is not less than 40
nor more than 350; however, in the case of a count of less than 40, ifthe number of fragments in any 10 × 10 cm square containing the 5× 5 cm square is not less than 160, this is acceptable.
2.6.1.1.2. For the purposes of the above rule, a fragment extending across a
side of a square counts as half a fragment.
2.6.1.1.3. Fragmentation is not checked in a strip 2 cm wide round the edge of
the samples, this strip representing the frame of the glass, nor withina radius of 7,5 cm from the point of impact.
2.6.1.1.4. A maximum of three fragments of an area exceeding 3 cm
2is
allowed. No two of these fragments must be contained within thesame 10 cm diameter circle.
2.6.1.1.5. Elongated fragments may be permitted provided that their ends are
not knife-edged and that their length does not exceed 7,5 cm, exceptin the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2 below. If these elongatedfragments extend to the edge of the glass, they must not form anangle of more than 45 °with it.
2.6.1.2. Zone FII
2.6.1.2.1. The residual visibility after shattering is checked in the rectangular
area defined in point 2.3.2. In that rectangle the aggregate surfacearea of the fragments of more than 2 cm
2must represent not less
than 15 % of the area of the rectangle; however, in the case ofwindscreens less than 44 cm high, or whose angle of installation isless than 15 °from the vertical, the visibility percentage must be
equal to 10 % at least of the surface of the corresponding rectangle.
2.6.1.2.2. No fragment must have an area of more than 16 cm
2except in the
case provided for in point 2.6.2.2.
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2.6.1.2.3. Within a radius of 10 cm from the point of impact, but only in that
part of the circle which is included in zone FII, three fragmentshaving an area of more than 16 cm
2but less than 25 cm2are
allowed.
2.6.1.2.4. Fragments must be substantially regular in shape and free from
points of the type described in point 2.6.1.2.4.1. However, not morethan 10 irregular fragments are allowed in any 50 × 20 cm rectangleand not more than 25 over the whole surface of the windscreen.
No such fragment must present a point more than 35 mm long
measured in accordance with point 2.6.1.2.4.1.
2.6.1.2.4.1. A fragment is considered as an irregular fragment if it cannot be
inscribed in a circle of 40 mm in diameter, if it has at least one pointmore than 15 mm long when measured from the top of the point tothe section whose width is equal to the glazing thickness, and if ithas one or more points having a top angle smaller than 40 °.
2.6.1.2.5. Fragments of elongated shape are allowed in zone FII as a whole,
provided they do not exceed 10 cm in length, except in the caseprovided for in point 2.6.2.2.
2.6.1.3. Zone FIII
Fragmentation in this zone must have characteristics intermediate
between those of the fragmentations respectively allowed for the twoneighbouring zones (FI and FII).
2.6.2. A windscreen submitted for component type-approval is considered
satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if at least one ofthe following conditions is fulfilled:
2.6.2.1. when all the tests carried out using the points of impact defined in
point 2.5.1 have given a satisfactory result;
2.6.2.2. when one test among all those carried out using the points of impact
prescribed in point 2.5.1 has given an unsatisfactory result, takingaccount of deviations which do not exceed the following limits:
zone FI: not more than five fragments between 7,5 and 15 cm long;zone FII: not more than three fragments of between 16 and 20 cm
2in
area located outside the circle having a radius of 10 cm centred onthe point of impact;
zone FIII: not more than four fragments between 10 and 17,5 cm
long,
and is repeated on a new sample, which either conforms to the
requirements of section 2.6.1 or presents deviations within the abovespecified limits.
2.6.2.3. when two tests among all the tests carried out using the points of
impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given an unsatisfactory resultfor deviations not exceeding the limits specified in point 2.6.2.2 anda further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples conformto the requirements of section 2.6.1, or not more than two samples ofthe new set present deviations within the above specified limits ofpoint 2.6.2.2.
2.6.3. If the abovementioned deviations are found, they must be noted in
the test report and photographs of the relevant parts of the wind-screen attached tothe repo rt.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of samples
3.2.1. For each group of toughened-glass windscreens, four samples having
approximately the smallest developed area and four samples havingapproximately the largest developed area, all eight samples being ofthe same types as those selected for the fragmentation tests (see 2.2)are subjected totesting.
3.2.2. Alternatively, at the discretion of the laboratory conducting the tests,
for each category of windscreen thickness, six test pieces of thedimension (1 100 × 500 mm) + 5/− 2 mm are subjected to testing.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 77
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3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,5 0 m + 0/− 5 mm.
3.4. Interpretation of results
3.4.1. The test is deemed tohave given a satisfacto ry result if the wind-
screen or the test piece is fractured.
3.4.2. A set of samples submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory from the point of view of the headform test if eitherof the two following conditions is fulfilled:
3.4.2.1. all the tests have given a satisfactory result;3.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of samples and give satisfactoryresults.
4. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirements concerning optical qualities set out in section 9 of
Annex III C apply toevery type o f windscreen.
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Material Index of difficultyANNEX III E
UNIFORMLY TOUGHENED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WIND-
SCREENS (1)
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Uniformly toughened glass panes, are deemed to belong to different
types if they differ in at least one of the following principal orsecondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name mark;1.1.2. the nature of the toughening process (thermal or chemical);1.1.3. the shape category; two categories are distinguished:1.1.3.1. flat glass panes,1.1.3.2. flat and curved glass panes.1.1.4. The thickness category in which the nominal thickness ‘e' lies (a
manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed):
— category I: e ≤3.5
— category II: 3,5 mm <e≤4.5
— category III: 4,5 mm <e≤6.5
— category IV: 6,5 mm <e
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),1.2.2. colouring (colourless or tinted),1.2.3. the incorporation or absence of conductors.
2. FRAGMENTATION TEST2.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Plate glass 2
Float glass 1
Sheet glass 1
No other secondary characteristics are involved.
2.2 Selection of samples
2.2.1. Samples of each shape category and of each thickness category diffi-
cult to produce are selected according to the following criteria fortesting:
2.2.1.1. in the case of flat glass panes, two sets of samples are provided,
corresponding to:
2.2.1.1.1. the largest developed area,2.2.1.1.2. the smallest angle between twoadjacent sides.2.2.1.2. In the case of flat and curved glass panes, three sets of samples are
provided, corresponding to:
(1) This type of uniformly toughened-glass pane can also be used for windscreens for
tractors.
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Kind of glass pane Number of samples2.2.1.2.1. the largest developed area,
2.2.1.2.2. the smallest angle between twoadjacent sides,2.2.1.2.3. the largest height of segment.2.2.2. Tests carried out on samples corresponding to the largest area, S, are
co nsidered tobe applicable toany o ther area smaller than S+5% .
2.2.3. If the samples submitted present an angle, γ, smaller than 30 °, the tests
are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced having anangle greater than γ−5°.
If the samples submitted present an angle, γ, greater than or equal to
30°, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced
having an angle equal too r greater than 30 °.
2.2.4. If the height of segment, h, of the samples submitted is greater than
100 mm, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panesproduced having a height of segment smaller tha nh+3 0m m .
If the height of segment of the samples submitted is less than or equal
to100 mm, the tests are co nsidered as applicable toall glass paneshaving a height of segment less than or equal to 100 mm.
2.3. Number of samples per set
The number of samples in each group shall be as follows, according to
the shape category defined in point 1.1.3 above:
Flat (twosets) 4
Flat and curved (three sets) 5
2.4. Test method
2.4.1. The method used is that described in section 1 Annex III C.
2.5. Points of impact (see Annex III N, Figure 3)
2.5.1. For flat glass panes and curved glass panes the points of impact
represented respectively in Annex III N, Figures 3a and 3b on the onehand, and in Annex III N, Figure 3c on the other hand, are as follows:
point 1: 3 cm from the edges of the glass pane in the part where the
radius of curvature of the edge is smallest;
point 2: 3 cm from the edge of one of the medians, the side (if any) of
the glass pane bearing tong marks being selected;
point 3: in the geometric centre of the glass;point 4: for curved glass panes only; this point is selected on the
largest median in that part of the pane where the radius of curvature issmallest.
2.5.2. Only one test is carried out at each prescribed point of impact.
2.6. Interpretation of results
2.6.1. A test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if fragmentation
satisfies the following conditions:
2.6.1.1. the number of fragments in an y5×5c m
2square is not less than 40 or
more than 400, or, in the case of glazing not more than 3,5 mm thick,450.
2.6.1.2. For the purpose of the above rule, a fragment extending across a side
of a square counts as half a fragment.
2.6.1.3. Fragmentation is not checked in a strip 2 cm wide round the edge of
the samples, this strip representing the frame of the glass; nor within aradius of 7,5 cm from the point of impact.
2.6.1.4. Fragments of an area exceeding 3 cm
2are not allowed except in the
parts defined in point 2.6.1.3.
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Material Index of difficulty Colouring Index of difficulty2.6.1.5. A few fragments of elongated shape are allowed, provided that:
— their ends are not knife-edged,
— if they extend to the edge of the glass pane they do not form an
angle of more than 45 °with it,
and if, except in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2. below if their
length does not exceed 7,5 cm.
2.6.2. A set of samples submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if at least oneof the following conditions is fulfilled:
2.6.2.1. when all tests carried out using the points of impact prescribed in point
2.5.1 have given a satisfactory result;
2.6.2.2. when one test among all those carried out using the points of impact
prescribed in point 2.5.1. has given an unsatisfactory result, takingaccount of deviations which do not exceed the following limits:
— not more than five fragments between 6 and 7,5 cm long,
— not more than five fragments between 7,5 and 10 cm long,
and is repeated on a new sample which either conforms to the require-
ments of section 2.6.1 or presents deviations within the above speci-fied limits.
2.6.2.3. When two tests among all the tests carried out using the points of
impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given an unsatisfactory result,taking account of deviations not exceeding the limits specified in point2.6.2.2, and a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samplesconform to the prescriptions of section 2.6.1. or not more than twosamples of the new set present deviations within the above specifiedlimits of point 2.6.2.2.
2.6.3. If the abovementioned deviations are found, they must be noted in the
test report and photographs of the relevant parts of the glass paneattached tothe repo rt.
3. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST3.1. 227-g-ball test
3.1.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics.
Polished glass 2 colourless 1
Float glass 1 tinted 2
Sheet glass 1
The other secondary characteristic (namely, incorporation or absence
of conductors) is not involved.
3.1.2. Number of test pieces
Six test pieces are subjected to testing for each thickness category
defined in point 1.1.4 above.
3.1.3. Test method
3.1.3.1. The test method used is that described in section 2.1 of Annex III C.3.1.3.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper surface
of the test piece) is indicated in the following table, according tothickness of the glass pane:
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 81
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Nominal thickness of glass pane (e) Height of drop
e≤3 , 5m m 2 , 0m+5/−0m m
3,5 mm <e 2 , 5m+5/−0m m
3.1.4. Interpretation of results
3.1.4.1. The test is deemed tohave given a satisfacto ry result if the test piece
does not break.
3.1.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory from the point of view of mechanical strength if atleast one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
3.1.4.2.1. when not more than one test has given an unsatisfactory result,3.1.4.2.2. when two tests having given unsatisfactory results, a further series of
tests carried out on a new set of six test pieces give satisfactoryresults.
4. OPTICAL QUALITIES
4.1. The requirements concerning regular light transmittance set out in
section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to uniformly toughened glass panesor parts of glass panes located at places which are essential to thedriver’s vision.
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 82
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ANNEX III F
ORDINARY LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens are deemed tobelo ng to
different types if they differ in at least one of the following principalor secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens are deemed tobelo ng too ne
group for the purposes of tests of mechanical properties and ofresistance tothe enviro nment;
1.1.3. the number of layers of glass;1.1.4. the nominal thickness ‘e'of the windscreen, a manufacturing toler-
ance of 0,2 nmm (nbeing the number of layers of glass in the
windscreen) above or below the nominal value being allowed;
1.1.5. the nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers;1.1.6. the nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers (e.g. PVB or other
plastic-material interlayer or interlayers).
1.2 The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet
glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers (colour-
less or tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.5. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, tests other than
headform tests (section 3.2) and tests of optical qualities areconducted on flat test pieces which are either cut from actual wind-screens or are specially made for the purpose. In either case the testpieces must in all respects be rigorously representative of theproduction windscreens for which component type-approval issought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces must be stored for not less than four
hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. The tests must take place as
soon as possible after the test pieces have been taken out of thereceptacle in which they were stored.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Headform test on a complete windscreen
3.2.1. Number of samples
Four samples from the smallest-developed-area series and four
samples from the largest-developed-area series, selected in accord-ance with the provisions of Annex III M are tested.
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3.2.2. Test method
3.2.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.2 of Annexe III C.3.2.2.2. The drop height is 1, 5 m + 0/− 5 mm.
3.2.3. Interpretation of results
3.2.3.1. This test is deemed tohave given a satisfacto ry result if the
following conditions are fulfilled:
3.2.3.1.1. the sample breaks displaying numerous circular cracks centred
approximately on the point of impact, the cracks nearest to the pointof impact being not more than 80 mm from it;
3.2.3.1.2. the layers of glass must remain adhering to the plastic-material
interlayer. One or more partial separations from the interlayer with adistance of less than 4 mm in breadth, on either side of the crack, arepermitted outside a circle of 60 mm in diameter centred on the pointof impact.
3.2.3.1.3. On the impact side:3.2.3.1.3.1. the interlayer must not be laid bare over an area of more than 20
cm
2,
3.2.3.1.3.2. a tear in the interlayer up to a length of 35 mm is allowed.3.2.3.2. A set of samples submitted for approval are considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the headform test if one of the followingtwo conditions is met:
3.2.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.2.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of samples give satisfactory results.
3.3. Head form test on flat test pieces
3.3.1. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring (1 100 mm × 500 mm) + 5/−2 mm are
subjected totesting.
3.3.2. Test method
3.3.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.1 of Annex III C.3.3.2.2. The height of drop i s4m+ 25/− 0 mm.
3.3.3. Interpretation of results
3.3.3.1. This test is deemed tohave given a satisfacto ry result if the
following conditions are fulfilled:
3.3.3.1.1. the test piece yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks
centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.3.3.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed provided that the manikin’s head
does not pass through the test piece;
3.3.3.1.3. no large fragments of glass become detached from the interlayer.3.3.3.2. a set of test pieces submitted for approval are considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the headform test if one of the followingtwo conditions is met:
3.3.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.3.3.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactoryresults.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. 2 260-g-ball test
1989L0173 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 84
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+4 0 °C −20 °C
Thickness of test piece
Height of fallMaximum
permitted
mass of the
fragmentsHeight of fallMaximum
permitted
mass of the
fragments
m (*) g m (*) g4.2.1. Number of test pieces
Six square test pieces of 300 mm + 10/− 0 mm side are subjected to
testing.
4.2.2. Test method
4.2.2.1. The method used is that described in section 2.2 of Annex III C.4.2.2.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper face
of the test piece) i s4m+ 25/− 0 mm.
4.2.3. Interpretation of results
4.2.3.1. The test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the ball does
not pass through the glazing within five seconds from the moment ofimpact.
4.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval is
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the 2 260-g-balltest if one of the following two conditions is met:
4.2.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or4.2.3.2.2. one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactoryresults.
4.3. 227-g-ball test
4.3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.3.2. Number of test pieces
20 square test pieces of 300 mm + 10/− 0 mm side are subjected to
testing.
4.3.3. Test method
4.3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 2.1 of Annex III C. 10
specimens are tested at a temperature of + 40 ± 2 °C and 10 at a
temperature of − 20 ± 2 °C.
4.3.3.2. The height of drop for the various thickness categories and the mass
of the detached fragments are given in the table below:
e≤4,5 9 12 8,5 12
4,5<e≤5,5 10 15 91 5
5,5<e≤6,5 11 20 9,5 20
e>6,5 12 25 10 25
(*) A tolerance of + 25/− 0 mm is allowed in height of fall.
4.3.4. Interpretation of results
4.3.4.1. the test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
— the ball does not pass through the test piece,
— the test piece does not break into several pieces,— if the interlayer ist not torn, the weight of fragments detached
from the side of the glass opposite to the point of impact mustnot exceed the appropriate values specified in point 4.3.3.2.
4.3.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the 227-g-ball testif one of the following conditions is met:
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4.3.4.2.1. not less than eight tests at each test temperature give a satisfactory
result, or
4.3.4.2.2. more than two tests at each test temperature having given an unsatis-
factory result, a further series of tests must be carried out on a newset of test pieces and give satisfactory results.
5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Indicesof difficulty and tes t method
The requirements of section 4 of Annex III C apply, the test being
continued for 1 000 cycles.
5.1.2. Interpretation of results
The safety-glass pane is considered satisfactory with respect to abra-
sion resistance if the light scatter as a result of abrasion of the testpiece does not exceed 2 %.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
5.3.1. General requirement
This test is performed only if the laboratory deems it useful in the
light of the information in its possession concerning the interlayer.
5.3.2. The requirement of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The requirement of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirement concerning optical qualities set out in section 9 of
Annex III C apply toevery type o f windscreen.
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ANNEX III G
LAMINATED-GLASS PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS (1)
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Laminated-glass panes other than windscreens are deemed to belong to
different types if they differ in at least one of the following principal orsecondary characteristics.
1.1.The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the thickness category of the pane in which the nominal thickness ‘e'
lies, a manufacturing tolerance of ± 0,2 nmm, (nbeing the number of
layers of glass in the pane) being allowed:
— category I: e ≤5,5 mm,
— category II: 5,5 mm <e≤6,5 mm,
— category III: 6,5 mm <e
1.1.3. the nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers;
1.1.4. the nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers, e.g. PVB or other
plastic-material interlayer or interlayers;
1.1.5. any special treatment which one of the layers of glass may have under-
gone.
1.2.The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers (colourless
or tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted).
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the tests are
conducted on flat test pieces which are either cut from actual glass panesor are specially made. In either case the test pieces must in all respectsbe rigorously representative of the glass panes for the production ofwhich component type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces of laminated glass must be stored for not
less than 4 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. The tests are performed
on the test pieces as soon as the pieces have been taken out of thereceptacle in which they were stored.
2.3. The provisions of this Annex are considered to be met if the glazing
submitted for component type-approval is of the same composition as awindscreen already approved under the provisions of Annex III F, III Hor III I.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1.Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2.Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 25/− 0 mm) are
subjected totesting.
3.3.Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,50 m + 0/− 5 mm. This is increased to 4 m +
25/− 0 mm for glass panes used as tractor windscreens.
(1) This type of laminated-glass pane can also be used for windscreens for tractors.
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Nominal thickness Height of drop3.4.Interpretation of results
3.4.1. This test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are met:
3.4.1.1. the test piece yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks
centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.4.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed, but the manikin’s head must not pass
through;
3.4.1.3. no large fragments of glass become detached from the interlayer.3.4.2. A set of test pieces subjected to component type-approval testing are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of the headform test ifone of the following two conditions is met:
3.4.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests must
be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory results.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST — 227-g-BALL TEST4.1.Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristicsNo secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2.Number of test piecesFour flat square test pieces of side 300 mm (+ 10/− 0 mm) must besubjected totests.
4.3.Test method
4.3.1. The method used is that described in section 2.1 of Annex III C.4.3.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper face of
the test piece) is as indicated in the following table as a function ofnominal thickness:
e≤5,5 mm 5 m
5,5 mm ≤e≤6,5 mm 6 m
6,5 mm ≤e 7m+ 25 mm/− 0 mm
4.4.Interpretation of results
4.4.1. The test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are met:— the ball does not pass through the test piece,— the test piece does not break into several fragments,— the total weight of the few fragments which may be produced on the
side opposite to the point of impact does not exceed 15 g.
4.4.2. A set of test pieces subjected to component type-approval testing are
considered satisfactory from the point of view of mechanical strength ifone of the following conditions is met:
4.4.2.1. all the tests have given a satisfactory result, or4.4.2.2. not more than two tests having given an unsatisfactory result, a further
series of tests must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and givesatisfactory results.
5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT5.1.Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Indicesof difficulty and tes t methodThe requirements of section 4 of Annex III C apply, the test beingcontinued for 1 000 cycles.
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5.1.2. Interpretation of results
The safety-glass pane is considered satisfactory form the point of view
of abrasion resistance if the light scatter as a result of abrasion of thetest piece does not exceed 2 %.
5.2.Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3.Resistance-to-radiation test
5.3.1. General requirement
This test is performed only if the laboratory deems it useful in the light
of the information in its possession concerning the interlayer.
5.3.2. The requirements of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4.Resistance-to-humidity test
5.4.1. The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES6.1.Light transmittance
The provisions concerning the regular light transmittance set out in
section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to glass panes other than windscreens,or parts of glass panes located at places which are essential to thedriver’s vision.
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ANNEX III H
TREATED LAMINATED-GLASS WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Treated laminated-glass windscreens are deemed tobelo ng todifferent
types if they differ in at least one of the following principal orsecondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Treated laminated-glass windscreens are deemed tobelo ng too ne
group for the purposes of the fragmentation, mechanical properties andresistance tothe enviro nment tests;
1.1.3. the number of layers of glass;1.1.4. the nominal thickness ‘e'of the windscreen, a manufacturing tolerance
of 0,2nmm, (nbeing the number of layers of glass in the windscrean)
above and below the nominal value being allowed;
1.1.5. any special treatment which one or more layers of glass may have
undergone;
1.1.6. the nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers;1.1.7. the nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers (e.g. PVB or other
plastic-material interlayer or interlayers).
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet
glass),
1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers (colour-
less or tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.5. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of treated laminated-glass windscreens, tests other than the
headform test on a complete windscreen and tests of optical qualitiesare conducted on samples and/or flat test pieces which are speciallymade for the purpose. However, the test pieces must in all respects berigorously representative of the production windscreens for whichcomponent type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces or samples must be stored for not less
than 4 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. The tests must take place
as soon as possible after the test pieces or samples have been taken outof the receptacle in which they were stored.
3. TESTS PRESCRIBED
Treated laminated-glass windscreans are tobe subjected to :
3.1. the tests prescribed in Annex III F for ordinary laminated-glass wind-
screens,
3.2. the fragmentation test described in section 4 below.
4. FRAGMENTATION TEST4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
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Material Index of difficulty
Plate glass 2
Float glass 1
Sheet glass 1
4.2. Number of test pieces or samples
One test piece measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 5/− 2 mm) or one
sample for each point of impact is subjected to testing.
4.3. Test method
The method used is that described in section 1 of Annex III C.
4.4. Impact point or points
The glass pane is struck on each of the outer treated sheets in the
centre of the test piece or sample.
4.5. Interpretation of results
4.5.1. For each point of impact the fragmentation test is considered to have
given a satisfactory result if the total surface of fragments having asurface area of more than 2 cm
2comprised in a rectangle as defined in
point 2.3.2 of Annex III D represents not less than 15 % of the surfaceof that rectangle.
4.5.1.1. In the case of a sample:
4.5.1.1.1. the centre of the rectangle is situated within a circle having a radius of
10 cm centred on the projection of the reference point as defined inpoint 1.2 of the Annex ‘field of vision'to Directive 74/347/EEC on theapproximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the field ofvision and windscreen wipers for wheeled agricultural or forestrytractors.
4.5.1.1.2. In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine the
reference point, the position of the visibility zone must be indicated inthe test report.
4.5.1.1.3. The height of the rectangle may be reduced to 15 cm for windscreens
which are less than 44 cm high or whose angle of installation is lessthan 15 °from the vertical; the percentage of visibility must be equal to
10 % at least of the area of the corresponding rectangle.
4.5.1.2. In the case of a test piece, the centre of the rectangle must be situated
on the greater axis of the test piece at 450 mm from one of its edges.
4.5.2. The test piece(s) or sample(s) submitted for component type-approval
are considered satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation ifeither of the following conditions is met:
4.5.2.1. the test gives a satisfactory result for each point of impact, or4.5.2.2. the test having been repeated on a new set of four test pieces for each
point of impact for which it had originally given an unsatisfactoryresult, the four new tests performed at the same impact points must allgive a satisfactory result.
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ANNEX III I
SAFETY-GLASS PANES FACED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL ON THE
INSIDE
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Safety glazing materials, as defined in Annexes III D to III H, if coated on
the inner face with a layer of plastic material, must conform not only to therequirements of the appropriate Annexes but also to the following require-ments.
2. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO ABRASION2.1.Indices of difficulty and test method
The plastic coating is to be subjected to a test for 100 cycles in accordance
with the requirements specified in section 4 of Annex III C.
2.2.Interpretation of results
The plastic coating is considered satisfactory with respect to abrasion resis-
tance if the light scatter as a result of abrasion of the test piece does notexceed 4 %.
3. RESISTANCE-TO-HUMIDITY TEST
3.1. In the case of plastic-coated toughened safety glazing material a resis-
tance-to-humidity test is to be performed.
3.2. The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
4. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES
The requirements of section 8 of Annex III C apply.
5. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
The requirements of section 10 of Annex III C apply.
6. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
The requirements of section 11 of Annex III C apply.
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ANNEX III J
GLASS-PLASTIC WINDSCREENS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Glass-plastic windscreens are considered to belong to different types if
they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondarycharacteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the shape and dimensions.
Glass-plastic windscreens are deemed to belong to a group for the
purposes of tests of mechanical strength, resistance to the environ-ment, resistance totemperature changes and resistance tochemicalagents;
1.1.3. the number of plastic layers;1.1.4. the nominal thickness ‘e'of the windscreen, a manufacturing tolerance
of ± 0,2 mm being allowed;
1.1.5. the nominal thickness of the layer of glass;1.1.6. the nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer(s);1.1.7. the nature and type of the layer(s) of plastic acting as interlayer(s) (e.
g. PVB or other material) and of the plastic layer situated on the innerface;
1.1.8. any special treatment the glass pane may have undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (plate glass, float glass, sheet glass),1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of any layer(s) of plastic (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),1.2.4. the incorporation or absence of conductors,1.2.5. the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of glass-plastic windscreens, tests other than headform tests
(3.2) and tests of optical qualities are conducted on flat test pieceswhich are either cut from actual windscreens or are specially made forthe purpose. In either case the test pieces must in all respects berigorously representative of the production windscreens for whichcomponent type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces must be stored for not less than 4
hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. The tests must take place as soon
as possible after the test pieces have been taken out of the receptaclein which they were stored.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Headform test on a complete windscreen
3.2.1. Number of samples
Four samples from the series having the smallest developed area and
four samples from the series having the largest developed area,selected in accordance with the provisions of Annex III M, are tested.
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3.2.2. Test method
3.2.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.2 of Annex III C.3.2.2.2. The height of drop is 1,5 0 m + 0/− 5 mm.
3.2.3. Interpretation of results
3.2.3.1. This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.2.3.1.1. the layer of glass breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks centred
approximately on the point of impact, the cracks nearest to the point ofimpact being not more than 80 mm from it;
3.2.3.1.2. the layer of glass remains adhering to the plastic material interlayer.
One or more partial separations from the interlayer not more than 4mm in breadth may be allowed on either side of the crack outside acircle 60 mm in diameter centred on the point of impact;
3.2.3.1.3. a tear in the interlayer of a length up to 35 mm is allowed on the
impact side.
3.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory with respect to the headform test if one of thefollowing two conditions is met:
3.2.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.2.3.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactoryresults.
3.3. Headform test on flat test pieces
3.3.1. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 5/− 2 mm) are
subjected totesting.
3.3.2. Test method
3.3.2.1. The method used is that described in point 3.3.1 of Annex III C.3.3.2.2. The height of drop i s4m+ 25/− 0 mm.
3.3.3. Interpretation of results
3.3.3.1. This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.3.3.1.1. the layer of glass yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular
cracks centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.3.3.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed, but the manikin’s head must not
pass through;
3.3.3.1.3. no large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.3.3.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory with respect to the headform test if one of thefollowing conditions is met:
3.3.3.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.3.3.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactoryresults.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST4.1. Indices of difficulty, test method and interpretation of results
The requirements of section 4 of Annex III F apply.
4.2. However the third requirement set out in point 4.3.4.1 of Annex III F
is not relevant.
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5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Test of resistance to abrasion on the outer face
5.1.1.1. The requirements of section 5.1 of Annex III F apply.
5.1.2. Test of resistance to abrasion on the inner face
5.1.2.1. The requirements of section 2 of Annex III I apply.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3. Resistance-to-radiation test
The requirements of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
The requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
5.5. Test of resistance to temperature changes
The requirements of section 8 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirements concerning optical qualities set out in section 9 of
Annex III C apply toeach type o f windscreen.
7. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
The requirements of section 10 of Annex III C apply.
8. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
The requirements of section 11 of Annex III C apply.
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ANNEX III K
GLASS-PLASTIC PANES OTHER THAN WINDSCREENS (1)
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Glass-plastic panes other than windscreens are considered to belong to
different types if they differ in at least one of the following principal orsecondary characteristics.
1.1.The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the thickness category applicable to the nominal thickness ‘e',a manu-
facturing tolerance of ± 0,2 mm being allowed:
— category I: e ≤3,5 mm
— category II: 3,5 mm <e≤4,5 mm
— category III: 4,5 mm <e
1.1.3. the nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastic material acting as inter-
layer(s);
1.1.4. the nominal thickness of the glass pane;1.1.5. the type of the layer(s) of plastic material acting as interlayer(s) (e.g.
PVB or other material) and of the plastic layer on the inner face;
1.1.6. any special treatment which the layer of glass may have undergone.
1.2.The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. the nature of the material (plate glass, float glass, sheet glass),1.2.2. the colouring (total or partial) of any layer(s) of plastic (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. the colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted).
2. GENERAL
2.1. In the case of glass-plastic panes other than windscreens the tests are
conducted on flat test pieces which are either cut from normal glasspanes or are specially made. In either case the test pieces must in allrespects be rigorously representative of the production glass panes forwhich component type-approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces of glass-plastic panes must be stored for
not less than 4 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. The tests must take
place as soon as possible after the test pieces have been taken out of thereceptacle in which they were stored.
2.3. The provisions of this Annex are considered to be met if the glass pane
submitted for component type-approval has the same composition asthat of a windscreen already approved under the provisions of Annex IIIJ.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1.Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2.Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces measuring 1 100 × 500 mm (+ 5/− 2 mm) are
subjected totesting.
3.3.Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,5 0 m + 0/− 5 mm. (This height is increased to4
m + 25/− 0 mm for glass panes used as tractor windscreens.)
(1) This type of glass-plastic pane can also be used for windscreens for tractors.
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Nominal thickness Height of drop3.4.Interpretation of results
3.4.1. This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are met:
3.4.1.1. the layer of glass breaks, displaying numerous cracks;3.4.1.2. tears in the interlayer are allowed, provided that the manikin’s head does
not pass through the test piece;
3.4.1.3. no large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.3.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory with respect to the headform test if one of thefollowing conditions is met:
3.4.2.1. all the tests give satisfactory results, or3.4.2.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests must
be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory results.
4. MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST — 227-g-BALL TEST4.1. The provisions of section 4 of Annex III G apply, with the exception of
the table in point 4.3.2, which is replaced by:
e≤3,5 mm 5m
3,5 mm <e≤4,5 mm 6 m
e>4,5 mm 7m+ 25/− 0 mm
4.2. However the requirement in the third indent of point 4.4.1 of Annex III
G is not relevant.
5. TEST OF RESISTANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENT5.1.Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Test of resistance to abrasion on the outer faceThe requirements of section 5.1 of Annex III G apply.
5.1.2. Test of resistance to abrasion on the inner faceThe requirements of section 2.1 of Annex III I apply.
5.2.Test of resistance to high temperatureThe requirements of section 5 of Annex III C apply.
5.3.Resistance-to-radiation testThe requirements of section 6 of Annex III C apply.
5.4.Resistance-to-humidity testThe requirements of section 7 of Annex III C apply.
5.5.Test of resistance to temperature changesThe requirements of section 8 of Annex III C apply.
6. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirements concerning the regular light transmittance set out insection 9.1 of Annex III C apply to glass panes or parts of glass paneslocated at places which are essential to the driver’s vision.
7. FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST
The requirements of section 10 of Annex III C apply.
8. TEST RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
The requirements of section 11 of Annex III C apply.
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ANNEX III L
DOUBLE-GLAZED UNITS
1. DEFINITION OF TYPE
Double-glazed units are considered to belong to different types if they
differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary characteris-tics.
1.1.The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. the trade name or mark;1.1.2. the composition of the double-glazed unit (symmetrical, asymmetrical);1.1.3. the type of each component glass pane as defined in section 1 of Annex
III E, III G or III K;
1.1.4. the nominal width of the gap between the two glass panes;1.1.5. the type of sealing (organic, or glass to glass/glass to metal).
1.2.The secondary characteristics are:
1.2.1. The secondary characteristics of each component glass pane, as defined
in section 1.2 of Annex III E, III G or III K.
2. GENERAL
2.1. Each component glass pane forming the double-glazed unit must either
be type-approved or subjected to the requirements set out in the relevantAnnex (III E, III G or III K).
2.2. Tests carried out on double-glazed units having a nominal width of gap
‘e'are co nsidered tobe applicable toall do uble-glazed units having thesame characteristics and a nominal width of gap ‘e'± 3 mm. However,the applicant for component type-approval may submit for the tests thesample having the smallest gap and the sample having the largest gap.
2.3. In the case of double-glazed units having at least one laminated-glass
pane or one glass-plastic pane, the test pieces are stored for at least 4hours prior to the test at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. The tests must take
place immediately after the test pieces are taken out of the receptacle inwhich they were stored.
3. HEADFORM TEST3.1.Index of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2.Number of test pieces
Six test pieces measuring 1 100 mm × 500 mm (+ 5/−22 mm) subjected
to testing for each thickness category of the component panes and eachgap thickness as defined in point 1.1.4 above.
3.3.Test method
3.3.1. The method used is that described in section 3 of Annex III C.3.3.2. The height of drop is 1,5 m (+ 0/− 5 mm).3.3.3. In the case of asymetrical double-glazing three tests on each side shall
be carried out.
3.4.Interpretation of results
3.4.1. Double glazing comprising two panes of uniformly toughened glass.
The test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if both compo-
nents break.
3.4.2. Double glazing comprising two panes of laminated glass other than
windscreens.
The test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are fulfilled:
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3.4.2.1. both components of the test piece yield and break, displaying numerous
circular cracks centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.4.2.2. tears in the interlayers are allowed but the manikin’s head must not pass
through;
3.4.2.3. no large fragments of glass become detached from the interlayer.3.4.3. Double glazing consisting of a uniformly toughened glass pane and of a
laminated-glass pane or glass-plastic pane other than windscreens.
This test is considered to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are met:
3.4.3.1. the toughened-glass pane breaks;3.4.3.2. the laminated-glass pane or glass-plastic pane yields and breaks,
displaying numerous circular cracks centred approximately on the pointof impact;
3.4.3.3. tears in the interlayer(s) are allowed provided that the manikin’s head
does not pass through the test piece;
3.4.3.4. no large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.3.4.4. A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval are consid-
ered satisfactory with respect to behaviour under head impact if one ofthe following two conditions is met:
3.4.4.1. all the tests give satisfactory results.3.4.4.2. a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests must
be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory results.
4. OPTICAL QUALITIES
The requirement concerning the regular light transmittance set out in
section 9.1 of Annex III C apply to double-glazed units or parts ofdouble-glazed units located at places which are essential to the driver’svision.
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ANNEX III M
GROUPING OF WINDSCREENS FOR COMPONENT TYPE-
APPROVAL TESTING
1. The features taken intoacco unt are:1.1. the developed area of the windscreen;1.2. the height of segment;1.3. the curvature.2. A group is made up of a thickness class.3. Classification is performed in ascending order of developed area.
The five largest and the five smallest developed areas are selected, and
numbered as follows:
1 for the largest 1 for the smallest
2 for the next smallest after 1 2 for the next largest after 13 for the next smallest after 2 3 for the next largest after 24 for the next smallest after 3 4 for the next largest after 35 for the next smallest after 4 5 for the next largest after 4
4. Within each of the two series defined in point 3 above, the heights of
segment are indicated as follows:
1 for the greatest height of segment,2 for the next smallest,3 for the next smallest, etc.
5. Within each of the two series defined in point 3 above, the radii of
curvature are indicated as follows:
1 for the smallest radius of curvature,2 for the next greatest,3 for the next greatest, etc.
6. The numbers awarded toeach windscreen in the twoseries defined in
point 3 above are added together.
6.1. That windscreen among the five largest which has the smallest total
and that windscreen among the five smallest which has the smallesttotal are selected for the full tests defined in Annex III D, III F, III H,III I or III J.
6.2 The other windscreens in the same series are tested to verify the
optical qualities defined in section 9 of Annex III C.
7. A few windscreens having significantly different parameters of shape
and/or radius of curvature from the extremes of the selected groupmay alsobe tested if the technical service co nducting the testsconsiders that the parameters in question are likely to have appreciableadverse effects.
8. The limits of the group are determined by developed area of wind-
screen. Where a windscreen submitted for component type-approvalhas a developed area outside the approved limits and/or has a signifi-cantly greater height of segment or a significantly smaller radius ofcurvature, it is considered to be of a new type and subjected toadditional tests if the technical service deems such tests technicallynecessary, having regard to the information already in its possessionconcerning the product and the material used.
9. Should any other windscreen model subsequently be manufactured by
the holder of component type-approval in a thickness class alreadyapproved:
9.1. it must be ascertained whether that model can be included among the
five largest or the five smallest selected for component type-approvalof the group in question;
9.2. numbering by the procedures defined in points 3, 4 and 5 above is
performed again;
9.3. if the sum of the numbers awarded to the windscreen newly incor-
porated among the five largest or the five smallest windscreens:
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9.3.1. is found to be the smallest, the following tests are performed:
9.3.1.1. toughened-glass windscreen:9.3.1.1.1. fragmentation,9.3.1.1.2. headform impact,9.3.1.1.3. optical distortion,9.3.1.1.4. secondary-image separation,9.3.1.1.5. light transmission;9.3.1.2. Laminated-glass or glass-plastic windscreen:9.3.1.2.1. headform impact,9.3.1.2.2. optical distortion,9.3.1.2.3. secondary-image separation,9.3.1.2.4. light transmission;9.3.1.3. Treated laminated-glass windscreen: the tests specified in sections
9.3.1.1.1, 9.3.1.1.2 and 9.3.1.2;
9.3.1.4. Plastic-faced windscreen: the tests specified in section 9.3.1.1 or
9.3.1.2 as appropriate;
9.3.2. is found not to be the smallest, only the tests prescribed for verifying
the optical qualities defined in section 9 of Annex III C.
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ANNEX III N
MEASUREMENT OF THE HEIGHTS OF SEGMENT AND POSITION OF THE POINTS OF
IMPACT
Figure 1
Determination of height of segment, h
For a glass pane with a single curve, the height of segment will be h1maximum.
For a glass pane with a double curve, the height of segment will be h1+h2maximum.
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Figure 2
Prescribed points of impact for windscreens
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Figures3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c)
Prescribed points of impact for uniformly toughened glass panes
The points ‘2'shown in Figures 3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c) are examples of the sites for point ‘2'prescribed in
section 2.5 of Annex III E.
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ANNEX III O
CHECKS ON CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
1. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Annex:
1.1.‘type of product' means all glass panes having the same principal
characteristics;
1.2.‘thickness class' means all glass panes having the thickness of compo-
nent parts within the permitted tolerances;
1.3.‘production unit' means all production facilities of one or several types
of glass panes established in the same place; it may include severalproduction lines;
1.4.‘shift'means a period of production carried out by the same production
line during daily working hours;
1.5.‘production run' means a continuous period of production of the same
type of product in the same shift;
1.6.‘Ps'means the number of glass panes of the same type of product
produced by the same shift;
1.7.‘Pr'means the number of glass panes of the same type of product
produced during a production run.
2. TESTS
The glass panes are subjected to the following tests:
2.1.Toughened-glass windscreens
2.1.1. Fragmentation test in accordance with the requirements of section 2 of
Annex III D.
2.1.2. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.1.3. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirement of section 9.2
of Annex III C.
2.1.4. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.3 of Annex III C.
2.2.Uniformly toughened glass panes
2.2.1. Fragmentation test in accordance with the requirements of section 2 of
Annex III E.
2.2.2. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.2.3. In the case of glass panes used as windscreens:2.2.3.1. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirements of section 9.2
of Annex III C.
2.2.3.2. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.3 of Annex III C.
2.3.Ordinary laminated-glass windscreens and glass-plastic windscreens
2.3.1. Headform test in accordance with the requirements of section 3 of
Annex III F.
2.3.2. 2 260-g-ball test in accordance with the requirements of section 4.2 of
Annex III F and section 2.2 of Annex III C.
2.3.3. Test of resistance to high temperature in accordance with the require-
ments of section 5 of Annex III C.
2.3.4. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.3.5. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirements of section 9.2
of Annex III C.
2.3.6. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.3 of Annex III C.
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2.3.7. In the case of glass-plastic windscreens only:
2.3.7.1. Test of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
section 2.1 of Annex III I.
2.3.7.2. Resistance-to-humidity test in accordance with the requirements of
section 3 of Annex III I.
2.3.7.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
section 11 of Annex III C.
2.4.Ordinary lamirated-glass and glass-plastic panes other than wind-
screens
2.4.1. 227-g-ball impact test in accordance with the requirements of section 4
of Annex III G.
2.4.2. Test of resistance to high temperature in accordance with the require-
ments of section 5 of Annex III C.
2.4.3. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
section 9.1 of Annex III C.
2.4.4. In the case of glass-plastic panes only:2.4.4.1. Test of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
point 2.1 of Annex III I.
2.4.4.2. Resistance-to-humidity test in accordance with the requirements of
section 3 of Annex III I.
2.4.4.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
section 11 of Annex III C.
2.4.5. The above provisions are considered to be met if the corresponding tests
have been carried out on a windscreen of the same composition.
2.5.Treated laminated-glass windscreens
2.5.1. In addition to the tests described in section 2.3, a fragmentation test is to
be carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 4 ofAnnex III H.
2.6.Glass panes faced with plastic material
In addition to the tests prescribed in the various sections of this Annex,
the following tests are to be carried out:
2.6.1. Tests of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
point 2.1 of Annex III I.
2.6.2. Resistance-to-humidity test in accordance with the requirements of
section 3 of Annex III I.
2.6.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
section 11 of Annex III C.
2.7.Double-glazed units
The tests to be performed are those specified in this Annex for each
glass pane composing the double-glazed unit, with the same frequencyand the same requirements.
3. FREQUENCY OF TESTS AND RESULTS3.1.Fragmentation
3.1.1. Tests
3.1.1.1. A first series of tests consisting of a break at each impact point specified
by this Directive are to be carried out with photographic prints at thebeginning of the production of each new type of glass pane to determinethe most severe break point.
However, for toughened-glass windscreens, this first series of tests are
to be carried out only if the annual production of this type of glass paneexceeds 200 units.
3.1.1.2. During the production run the check test is to be carried out using the
break point as determined in point 3.1.1.1.
3.1.1.3. A check is to be carried out at the beginning of each production run or
following a change of colour.
3.1.1.4. During the production run the check tests are to be carried out at the
following minimum frequency:
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Toughened-glass windscreensToughened-glass panes other than
windscreensTreated laminated-glass windscreens
Ps≤200: one break per
production runPr≤500: one per shift 0,1 % per type
Ps>200: one break every four
hours of productionPr>500: twoper shift
3.1.1.5. A check test is to be carried out at the end of the production run on one
of the last glass panes manufactured.
3.1.1.6. for Pr <20, only one fragmentation test per production run need be
carried out.
3.1.2. Results
All results must be recorded, including the results without photographic
print.
In addition, a photographic contact print must be made once per shift,
except for Pr ≤500. In this last case only one photographic contact
print is made per production run.
3.2.Headform impact test
3.2.1. Tests
The check is to be carried out on samples corresponding to at least 0,5
% of the daily production of laminated-glass windscreens of one produc-tion line. A maximum of 15 windscreens per day are tested.
The choice of samples must be representative of the production of the
various types of windscreen.
With the agreement of the administrative service, these tests may be
replaced by the 2 260-g-ball impact test (see 3.3. below). Behaviourunder head impact must in any event be checked on at least two samplesfor each thickness class per year.
3.2.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.3.2 260-g-ball impact test
3.3.1. Tests
The minimum frequency for the check is one complete test per month
for each thickness class.
3.3.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.4.227-g-ball impact test
3.4.1. Tests
The test pieces are to be cut from samples. However, for practical
reasons, the tests may be carried out on finished products, or on parts ofthem.
The check is to be carried out on a sampling corresponding to at least
0,5 % of the production of one shift with a maximum of 10 samples perday.
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3.4.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.5.High temperature
3.5.1. Tests
The test pieces are to be cut from samples. However, for practical
reasons, the tests may be carried out on finished products or on parts ofthem. These are selected so that all interlayers are tested proportionatelytotheir use.
The check is to be carried out on at least three samples per colour of
interlayer taken from the daily production.
3.5.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.6.Light transmission
3.6.1. Tests
Representative samples of tinted finished products are to be submitted to
this test.
The check is to be carried out at least at the beginning of every
production run if there is any change in the characteristics of the glasspane affecting the results of the test.
Glass panes having a regular light transmission measured during compo-
nent type-approval of not less than 80 % in the case of windscreens andnot less than 75 % in the case of glass panes other than windscreens, andglass panes of category V are exempted from this test.
Alternatively, for toughened-glass panes, a certificate of compliance
with the above requirements may be submitted by the glass supplier.
3.6.2. Results
The value of light transmission is to be recorded. In addition, for
windscreens with shade bands or obscuration bands, it must be verified,from the drawings referred to in point 3.2.1.2.2.3 of Annexe III A thatsuch bands are outside zone I /prime1.
3.7.Optical distortion and secondary-image separation
3.7.1. Tests
Every windscreen is to be inspected for visual defects. In addition, using
the methods specified or any method giving similar results, measure-ments are to be made in the various areas of vision at the followingminimum frequencies:
— either where Ps ≤200, one sample per shift,
— or where Ps >200, twosamples per shift,
—or1%oft h ew h ol ep r o duction, the samples chosen being repres-
entative for all production.
3.7.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.8.Resistance to abrasion
3.8.1. Tests
Plastic-faced and glass-plastic panes o nly are tobe subjected tothis test.
There must be at least one check per month and per type of plasticmaterial facing or interlayer.
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3.8.2. Results
The measurement of the light scatter is to be recorded.
3.9.Resistance to humidity
3.9.1. Tests
Plastic-faced and glass-plastic panes o nly are tobe subjected tothis test.
There must be at least one check per month and per type of plasticmaterial facing or interlayer.
3.9.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
3.10.Resistance to chemicals
3.10.1. Tests
Plastic-faced and glass-plastics panes only are to be subjected to this
test. There must be at least one check per month and per type of plasticmaterial facing or interlayer.
3.10.2. Results
All results must be recorded.
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ANNEX III P
MODEL

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ANNEX IV
MECHANICAL COUPLINGS BETWEEN TRACTOR AND TOWED
VEHICLE AND VERTICAL LOAD ON THE COUPLING POINT
1.Definitions
1.1. ‘Mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle' means the
components installed on the tractor and on the towed vehicle in order toprovide the mechanical coupling between those vehicles.
Only mechanical coupling components for tractors are covered in this
Directive.
Among the various types of mechanical coupling components for trac-
tors a basic distinction is made between:
— clevis type (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 1),
— towing hook (see Figure 3 of Appendix 1),— tractor drawbar (see Figure 4 of Appendix 1).
1.2. ‘Type of mechanical coupling between tractor and towed vehicle'means
parts which do not differ from one another in such essential respects as:
1.2.1. nature of mechanical coupling component,1.2.2. drawbar rings (40 mm and/or 50 mm diameter),1.2.3. external shape, dimensions or mode of operation (e.g. automatic or
non-automatic),
1.2.4. material,1.2.5. value of D as defined in Appendix 2 for the test performed using the
dynamic method or the trailer mass as defined in Appendix 3 for testsperformed using the static method, and also the vertical load on thecoupling point S.
1.3. ‘Reference centre of mechanical coupling' means the point on the pin
axis which is equidistant from the wings in the case of a fork and thepoint resulting from the interesection of the plane of symmetry of thehook with the generatrix of the concave part of the hook at the level ofcontact with the ring when this is in the traction position.
1.4. ‘Height above ground of mechanical coupling (h)' means the distance
between the horizontal plane through the reference centre of themechanical coupling and the horizontal plane on which the wheels ofthe tractor are resting.
1.5. ‘Projection of mechanical coupling (c)'means the distance between the
reference centre of the mechanical coupling component and the verticalplane passing through the axle on which the rear wheels of the tractorare mounted.
1.6. ‘Vertical load on the coupling point (S)' means the load transmitted,
under static conditions on the reference centre of the mechanicalcoupling.
1.7. ‘Automatic'means a mechanical coupling component which closes and
secures itself when the sliding mechanism for the drawbar rings isactuated, without further action.
1.8. ‘Wheelbase of tractor (I)'means the distance between the vertical planes
perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the tractor passingthrough the axles of the tractor.
1.9. ‘Weight on the front axle of the unladen tractor (a)'means that part of
the weight of the tractor, which, under static conditions, is transmittedon the ground by the front axle of the tractor.
2.General requirements
2.1. The mechanical coupling components may be designed to function
automatically or non-automatically.
2.2. The mechanical coupling components on the tractor must conform to the
dimensional and strength requirements in point 3.1 and section 3.2 andthe requirements for the vertical load on the coupling point in section3.3.
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2.3. The mechanical coupling components must be so designed and made
that in normal use they will continue to function satisfactorily and retainthe characteristics prescribed by this Directive.
2.4. All parts of mechanical coupling components must be made of materials
o f a quality sufficient towithstand the tests referred toin sectio n 3.2.and must have durable strength characteristics.
2.5. All the couplings and their locks must be easy to engage and release and
must be so designed that under normal operating conditions no acci-dental de-coupling is possible.
In automatic coupling components the locked position must be secured
in a form-locking manner by two independently functioning safetydevices. However, the latter may be released using the same controldevice.
2.6. The drawbar ring must be capable of tilting horizontally at least 60 °on
both sides of the longitudinal axis of a non-built-in coupling device. Inaddition, vertical mobility of 20 °upwards and downwards is required at
all times. (See alsoAppendix 1.)
The angles of articulation must not be attained at the same time.
2.7. The jaw must permit the drawbar rings toswivel axially at least 90 °to
the right or left around the longitudinal axis of the coupling with a fixedbraking momentum of between 30 and 150 Nm.
The towing hook must allow the drawbar ring to swivel axially at least
20°to the right or left around the longitudinal axis of the hook.
3.Special requirements
3.1. Dimensions
The dimensions of the mechanical coupling components on the tractor
must comply with Appendix 1, Figures 1 to 4. Any dimensions may bechosen if not shown in these figures.
3.2. Strength
3.2.1. For the purposes of checking their strength the mechanical coupling
components must undergo a dynamic test under the conditions set out inAppendix 2 or a static test under the conditions set out in Appendix 3.
3.2.2. The test must not cause any permanent deformation, breaks or tears.
3.3. Vertical load on the coupling point (S)
3.3.1. The maximum static vertical load is laid down by the manufacturer. In
no case, however, must it exceed 3 tonnes.
3.3.2. Conditions of acceptance:3.3.2.1. The permissible static vertical load must not exceed the technically
permissible static vertical load recommended by the manufacturer of thetractor nor the static vertical load laid down for the towing devicepursuant to EEC component type-approval.
3.3.2.2. The requirements of section 2 of Annex I to Directive 74/151/EEC must
be complied with, but the maximum load on the rear axle must not beexceeded.
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3.4. Height above the ground of the coupling device (h)
(see figure below).
3.4.1. All tractors must be fitted with a coupling device, the height above the
ground of which must be in accordance with one of the followingrelationships:
h
1≤(ma− 0,2 mt)l−S . c
0,8 (0,8 mt+S )orh 2≤(m1a− 0,2 m1t)l−S . c
0,8 (0,8 m1t+S )
where:
mt: mass of the tractor (see Annex I, point 1.6),
mlt: mass of the tractor (see Annex I, point 1.6) with ballast weight on
the front axle,
ma: weight on the front axle of the unladen tractor (see Annex IV,
point 1.9),
mla: weight on the front axle of the tractor (see Annex IV, point 1.9)
with ballast weight on the front axle,
l: tractor wheelbase (see Annex IV, point 1.8),S: vertical load on the coupling point (see Annex IV, point 1.6),c: distance between the reference centre of the mechanical coupling
and the vertical plane passing through the axle of the rear wheelsof the tractor (see Annex IV, point 1.5).
4.Application for EEC component type-approval
4.1. An application for EEC component type-approval for a tractor with
respect to the coupling device must be submitted by the manufacturer ofthe device or by his authorized representative.
4.2. For each type of mechanical coupling component the application must
be accompanied by the following documents and particulars:
— scale drawings of the coupling device (three copies). These drawings
must in particular show the required dimensions in detail as well asthe measurements for mounting the device,
— a short technical description of the coupling device specifying the
type of construction and the material used,
— a statement of the value of D as referred to in Appendix 2 for the
dynamic test or the value of T (traction force) as referred to inAppendix 3 for the static test, and also the vertical load on thecoupling point S,
— one or more sample devices as required by the technical service.
5.Inscriptions
5.1. Every mechanical coupling component conforming to the type for which
EEC component type-approval has been granted must bear the followinginscriptions:
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5.1.1. trade name or mark;
5.1.2. EEC component type-approval mark conforming to the model in
Appendix 4;
5.1.3. where the strength is checked in accordance with Appendix 2 (dynamic
test):
permissible value of D,static vertical load value of S;
5.1.4. where the strength is checked in accordance with Appendix 3 (static
test):
towable mass and vertical load on the coupling point, S.
5.2. The data must be clearly visible, easily legible and durable.
6.Instructions for use
All mechanical couplings must be accompanied by the manufacturer’s
instructions for use. These instructions must include the EEC componenttype-approved number and also the values of D or T depending onwhich test was performed on the coupling.
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Appendix 1
DRAWINGS OF MECHANICAL COUPLING COMPONENTS
Figure 1
Non-automatic trailer coupling
1. The height of the jaw must be at least half of its width.
2. The angular mobility values must at least be attained with the available drawbar rings.3. Range of nominal dimensions for the coupling pins.
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Figure 2
Non-automatic trailer coupling
corresponds to ISO 6489/II of October 1980
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No part of the towing hook may be outside radius r between point x and y
Figure 3
Angle of tilt in accordance with points 2.8 and 2.9
corresponds to ISO 6489/I of October 1980
Figure 4
Tractor drawbar
corresponds ISO Standard 6489/III
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Appendix 2
DYNAMIC TEST METHOD
1. TEST PROCEDURE
The strength of the mechanical coupling is to be established by alternating
traction on a test bed.
This method describes the fatigue test to be used on the complete mechan-
ical coupling device, i.e. when fitted with all the parts needed for itsinstallation the mechanical coupling is mounted and tested on a test bed.
The alternating forces are applied as far as possible sinusoidally (alternating
and/or rising) with a load cycle depending on the material involved. Notears or breaks may occur during the test.
2. TEST CRITERIA
The horizontal force components in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
together with the vertical force components form the basis of the test loads.
In so far as they are of secondary importance, horizontal force components
at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and also moments arenot to be taken into consideration.
The horizontal force components in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle are
represented by a mathematically established representative force, the valueD.
The following equation applied to the mechanical coupling:
D=g ·M
T·MR
MT+MRWhere:
MT= the technically permissible total mass of the tractor,
MR= the technically permissible total mass of the towed vehicles,
g = 9,81 m/s2.
The vertical force components at right angles to the track are expressed by
the static vertical load S.
The technically permissible loads are given by the manufacturer.
3. TEST PROCEDURE3.1.General requirements
The test force is applied to the mechanical coupling device being tested by
means of an appropriate standard drawbar ring beneath an angle formed bythe position of the vertical test load F
vvis-à-visthe horizontal test load Fhin
the direction of the median longitudinal plane passing from top front tobottom rear.
The test force is applied at the usual point of contact between the mechan-
ical coupling device and the drawbar ring.
The play between the coupling device and the ring must be kept to a
minimum.
In principle the test force is applied in an alternating manner around the
zero point. With an alternating test force the resulting load is equal to zero.
Should the design of the coupling device (e.g. excessive play, towing hook)
make it impossible to carry out the test with an alternating test load, the testload may also be applied on a rising basis in the direction of traction orpressure, whichever is the greater.
Where the test is carried out with a rising force curve, the test load is equal
to the upper (highest) load, and the lower (smallest) load should not exceed5 % of the upper load.
Care should be taken in the alternating force test to ensure that by suitable
mounting of the test apparatus and choice of power conduction system noadditional moments or forces arising at right angles to the test force areintroduced; the angular error for the direction of force in the alternatingforce test should not exceed ± 1,5 °; and for the rising force test the angle is
set in the upper load position.
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The test frequency must not exceed 30 Hz. For components made of steel or
steel casting the load cycle amounts to 2 ·106. The subsequent tear test is
carried out using the colour penetration method or similar method.
If springs and/or dampers are incorporated into the coupling parts, they are
not to be removed during the test but may be replaced if, during the test,they are subject to strain under conditions which would not obtain duringnormal operation (e.g. heat action) and become damaged. Their behaviourbefore, during and after the test must be described in the test report.
3.2.Test forces
The test force consists in geometrical terms of the horizontal and vertical
test components as follows:
F=
√Fh2+Fv2
where:
Fh= ± 0,6 ·D in the case of alternating force,
orF
h= 1,0 ·D in the case of rising force (traction or pressure),
Fv=g ·1,5·S
S = static drawbar load (vertical force components on the track).
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Appendix 3
COUPLING DEVICE
STATIC TEST METHOD
1. TEST SPECIFICATIONS1.1.General
1.1.1. Subject to a check on its construction characteristics, the towing device
must undergo static tests in accordance with the requirements of points1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.
1.2.Test preparation
The tests must be carried out on a special machine, with the towing
device and any structure coupling it to the body of the agriculturaltractor attached to a rigid structure by means of the same componentsused to mount it on the agricultural tractor.
1.3.Test instruments
The instruments used to record loads applied and movements must have
the following degree of accuracy:
— loads applied ± 50 daN,
— movements ± 0,01 mm.
1.4.Test procedure
1.4.1. The coupling device must first be subjected to a pre-traction load which
does not exceed 15 % of the traction test load defined in point 1.4.2.
1.4.1.1. The operation described in section 1.4.1 must be repeated at least twice,
starting with a zerolo ad, which is gradually increased until the valueprescribed in section 1.4.1 is reached, and then decreased to 500 daN;the settling load must be maintained for at least 60 seconds.
1.4.2. The data recorded for plotting the load/deformation curve under traction,
or the graph of that curve provided by the printer linked to the tractionmachine, must be based on the application of increasing loads only,starting from 500 daN, in relation to the reference centre of the couplingdevice.
There must be nobreaks fo r values up toand including the tractio n test
load which is established as 1,5 times the technically permissible trailermass; in addition, the load/deformation curve must show a smoothprogression, without irregularities, in the interval between 500 daN and
of the maximum traction load.
1.4.2.1. Permanent deformation is recorded on the load/deformation curve in
relation to the load of 500 daN after the test load has been brought backtothat value.
1.4.2.2. The permanent deformation value recorded must not exceed 25 % of the
maximum elastic deformation occurring.
1.5. The test referred toin sectio n 1.4.2 must be preceded by a test in which
an initial load of three times the maximum permissible vertical loadrecommended by the manufacturer is applied in a gradually increasingmanner, starting from an initial load of 500 daN, to the reference centreof the coupling device.
During the test, deformation of the coupling device must not exceed 10
% of the maximum elastic deformation occuring.
The check is carried out after removing the vertical load and returning to
the initial load of 500 daN.
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Appendix 4
COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARK
The EEC component type-approval mark consists of:
— a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e', followed by the distin-
guishing letter(s) or number of the Member State which has granted thecomponent type-approval:
1 for Germany,2 for France3 for Italy,4 for the Netherlands,6 for Belgium,9 for Spain,11 for the United Kindom,13 for Luxembourg,18 for Denmark,IRL for Ireland,EL for Greece,21 for Portugal.
— an EEC component type-approval number, which corresponds to the number
of the EEC component type-approval certificate issued for the type ofcoupling device in question as regards its strength and dimensions, placed inany convenient position below and near the rectangle,
— by the capital letter ‘D'or ‘S'according to which test was performed on the
mechanical coupling (dynamic tes t = D and static test = S) above the
rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e'.
Example of an EEC component type-approval mark
The coupling bearing the EEC component type-approval mark shown above is a device for which EEC
component type-approval was granted in Germany (e1) under the number 88-563 and on which a dynamicstrength test (D) was performed.
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Appendix 5
MODEL EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

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Appendix 6
CONDITIONS FOR GRANTING EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
1. The application for EEC type-approval of a tractor, with regard to the
strength and dimensions of a coupling device, is submitted by the tractormanufacturer or by his authorized representative.
2. A tractor representative of the tractor type to be approved, on which a
coupling device, duly approved, is mounted is submitted to the technicalservices responsible for conducting the type-approval tests.
3. The technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests
checks whether the approved type of coupling device is suitable formounting on the type of tractor for which type-approval is requested. Inparticular, it ascertains that the attachment of the coupling device corre-sponds to that which was tested when the EEC component type-approvalwas granted.
4. The holder of the EEC type-approval may ask for its extension for other
types of coupling device.
5. The competent authorities grant such extension on the following conditions:5.1. the new type of coupling device has received EEC component type-
approval;
5.2. it is suitable for mounting on the type of tractor for which the extension of
the EEC type-approval is requested;
5.3. the attachment of the coupling device on the tractor corresponds to that
which was presented when EEC component type-approval was granted.
6. A certificate, of which a model is shown in Appendix 5, is annexed to the
EEC type-approval certificate for each type-approval or type-approvalextension which has been granted or refused.
7. If the application for EEC type-approval for a type of tractor is made at the
same time as the request for EEC component type-approval for a type ofcoupling device on a tractor for which EEC type-approval is requested, thenpoints 2 and 3 are unnecessary.
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Appendix 7
MODEL

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ANNEX V
LOCATION AND METHOD OF AFFIXING STATUTORY PLATES AND
INSCRIPTIONS ON THE BODY OF THE TRACTOR
1. GENERAL
1.1. All agricultural or forestry tractors must be provided with the plate and
inscriptions described in the following sections. The plate and inscrip-tions are attached either by the manufacturer or by his authorizedrepresentative.
2. MANUFACTURER’S PLATE
2.1. A manufacturer’s plate, modelled on that shown to the Appendix hereto,
must be firmly attached in a conspicuous and readily accessible positionon a part normally not subject to replacement in use. It must showclearly and indelibly the following information in the order listed.
2.1.1. Name of manufacturer.2.1.2. Type of tractor (and version if necessary).2.1.3. EEC type-approval number.
This number is composed of a small letter ‘e' followed in the order
given, by the distinguishing number or letters of the country whichgranted the EEC type-approval (1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy,4 for the Netherlands, ►
A15 for Sweden, ◄6 for Belgium, 9 for
Spain, 11 for the United Kingdom, ►A112 for Austria, ◄13 for
Luxembourg, ►A117 for Finland, ◄18 for Denmark, 21 for
Portugal, EL for Greece, IRL for Ireland) and by the type-approvalcertificate for the type of vehicle. An asterisk is placed between theletter ‘e'and the distinguishing letters or number of the country whichgranted the EEC type-approval as well as between that number or theletters concerned and the EEC type-approval number.
2.1.4. Tractor identification number.2.1.5. Minimum and maximum values for the maximum permitted laden mass
of the tractor, depending om the possible types of tyre which may befitted.
2.1.6. Maximum permitted vehicle mass bearing on each tractor axle,
according to the possible types of tyre which may be fitted; this infor-mation must be listed in order from front to rear.
2.1.7. Technically permissible towable mass(es): as referred to in point 1.7 of
Annex I.
2.1.8. Member States may require for tractors placed on their markets, that the
country of final assembly also be indicated in addition to the name ofthe manufacturer where the final assembly was carried out elsewherethan in the manufacturer’s country, but not in a Member State of theCommunity.
2.2. The manufacturer may give additional information below or to the side
of the prescribed inscriptions, outside a clearly marked rectangleenclosing only the information prescribed in points 2.1.1 to 2.1.7 (seeexample of manufacturer’s plate below).
3. TRACTOR IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
The tractor identification number is a fixed combination of characters
assigned to each tractor by the manufacturer. Its purpose is to ensurethat every tractor can be clearly identified over a period of 30 yearsthrough the intermediary of the manufacturer, without a need for refer-ence following requirements.
3.1. It must be marked on the manufacturer’s plate, and also on the chassis,
or other similar structure.
3.1.1. It must wherever possible be entered on a single line.3.1.2. It must be marked on the chassis or other similar structure, on the front
right-hand side of the vehicle.
3.1.3. It must be placed in a clearly visible and accessible position by a
method such as hammering or stamping, in such a way that it cannot beobliterated or deteriorate.
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4. CHARACTERS
4.1. Roman letters and arabic numerals must be used for all of the markings
provided for in sections 2 and 3. However, the roman letters used in themarkings provided for in points 2.1.1 and 2.1.3 and section 3 must becapital letters.
4.2. For the tractor identification number:4.2.1. use of the letters ‘I'‘O'and ‘Q'and dashes, asterisks and other special
signs is not permitted;
4.2.2. the minimum height of the letters and figures should be as follows:4.2.2.1. 7 mm for characters marked directly on the chassis, frame or other
similar structure of the tractor,
4.2.2.2. 4 mm for characters marked on the manufacturer’s plate.
Example of manufacturer’s plate
The following example in no way prejudices the data which may actually be entered on the manufacturer’s
plate: it is given solely for information purposes.

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Appendix
MODEL

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ANNEX VI
BRAKE CONTROL OF TOWED VEHICLES AND BRAKE COUPLING
BETWEEN THE TRACTOR AND TOWED VEHICLES
1. Where a tractor includes a trailer brake control, the control must be either
hand- or foot-operated and it must be possible to moderate and operate itfrom the driver’s seat, but it must not be affected by any operation of othercontrols.
Where the tractor is fitted with a pneumatic or hydraulic coupling system
located between the tractor and the towed mass, only one single controlshould be fitted for the service braking of the vehicle combination.
2. The braking systems used may be systems, the characteristics of which are
as defined in Annex I toDirective 76/432/EEC relating tothe brakingdevices of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
The fitting must be designed and effected in such a way as toensure that the
operation of the tractor is not adversely affected in the event of the failureor the poor operation of the towed vehicle’s breaking device or in the caseof a breach in the coupling.
3. Where the coupling between the tractor and the towed vehicle(s) is
hydraulic or pneumatic it must also comply with one or other of thefollowing conditions.
3.1.Hydraulic coupling:
The hydraulic coupling must be of a single conduit type.It must comply with ISO standard ISO/5676 of 1983, the projecting section
being on the tractor.
Operation of the control must permit zero pressure to be delivered to the
coupling head in the rest position; the working pressure must be no less than10 and nomo re that 15 MPa.
It must not be possible to disconnect the source of power from the engine.
3.2.Pneumatic coupling:
The coupling between the tractor and the towed vehicle(s) of a dual-conduit
type: an automatic conduit and a direct braking conduit operates by anincrease in pressure.
The coupling head must comply with ISO standard ISO 1728 of 1980.Operation of the control must permit a working pressure of no less than 0,65
and nomo re than 0,8 MPa tobe delivered tothe co upling head.
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Appendix
MODEL