02013R0284 — EN — 21.11.2022 — 002.002

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►B COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 284/2013 of 1 March 2013 setting out the data requirements for plant protection products, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 093 3.4.2013, p. 85)

Amended by:





Corrected by:









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COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 284/2013

of 1 March 2013

setting out the data requirements for plant protection products, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market

(Text with EEA relevance)







Article 1

Data requirements for plant protection products

The data requirements for plant protection products provided for in Article 8(1)(c) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 shall be as set out in the Annex to this Regulation.

Article 2

Repeal

Regulation (EU) No 545/2011 is repealed.

References to the repealed Regulation shall be construed as references to this Regulation.

Article 3

Transitional measures as regards procedures concerning active substances

With respect to active substances, Regulation (EU) No 545/2011 shall continue to apply as regards the following:

(a) procedures concerning the approval of an active substance or an amendment to the approval of such a substance pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 for which the dossiers provided for in Article 8(1) and (2) thereof have been submitted by 31 December 2013;

(b) procedures concerning the renewal of approval of an active substance pursuant to Article 20 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 for which the supplementary dossiers referred to in Article 9 of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1141/2010 ( 1 ) have been submitted by 31 December 2013.

Article 4

Transitional measures as regards procedures concerning plant protection products

1. Regulation (EU) No 545/2011 shall continue to apply as regards procedures concerning the authorisation of a plant protection product, as referred to in Article 28 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, provided that the respective application has been submitted by 31 December 2015 and that the plant protection product contains at least one active substance for which the dossiers or supplementary dossiers have been submitted in compliance with Article 3.

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Regulation (EU) No 545/2011 shall continue to apply as regards procedures concerning the renewal of authorisations of plant protection product pursuant to Article 43(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, following the renewal of an active substance carried out pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1141/2010.

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2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, from 1 January 2014 applicants may choose to apply the data requirements, as set out in the Annex to this Regulation. This choice shall be made in writing when submitting the application and shall be irrevocable.

Article 5

Entry into force and date of application

1. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

2. For procedures concerning the renewal of approval of active substances whose approval expires on 1 January 2016 or later, this Regulation shall apply as of entry into force.

As regards all other procedures, it shall apply from 1 January 2014.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.









ANNEX

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INTRODUCTION

Information to be submitted, its generation and its presentation

1. For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply:

(1) ‘storage stability’ means the capacity of a plant protection product to maintain the initial properties and the specified content during the storage period under established storage conditions;

(2) ‘effectiveness’ means the capacity of the plant protection product to produce a positive effect regarding the desired plant protection activity;

(3) ‘efficacy’ means a measure concerning the overall effect of the application of a plant protection product on the agricultural system in which it is used (i.e. which includes positive effects of treatment in performing the desired plant protection activity and negative effects such as development of resistance, phytotoxicity or reduction of qualitative or quantitative yield);

(4) ‘relevant impurity’ means a chemical impurity that is of concern for human health, animal health or the environment;

(5) ‘toxicity’ means the degree of injury or damage in an organism caused by a toxin or a toxic substance;

(6) ‘toxin’ means a substance that is produced within living cells or organisms and is able to injure or cause damage in a living organism.

The information submitted shall meet the requirements set out in points 1.1 to 1.15.

1.1. The information shall be sufficient to evaluate efficacy and the foreseeable risks, whether immediate or delayed, which the plant protection product may entail for humans, including vulnerable groups, animals and the environment and contain at least the information and results of the studies referred to in this Annex.

1.2. Any information including any known data on potentially harmful effects of the plant protection product on human and animal health or on groundwater shall be included as well as known and expected cumulative and synergistic effects.

1.3. Any information including any known data on potentially unacceptable effects of the plant protection product on the environment, plants and plant products shall be included as well as known and expected cumulative and synergistic effects.

1.4. The information shall include all relevant data from the scientific peer reviewed open literature on the active substance, relevant metabolites, and where relevant breakdown or reaction products, and plant protection products containing the active substance and dealing with side-effects on human and animal health, the environment and non-target species. A summary of that data shall be provided.

1.5. The information shall include a full and unbiased report of the studies conducted as well as a full description of them. Such information shall not be required, where a justification is provided showing that:

(a) it is not necessary owing to the nature of the plant protection product or its proposed uses, or it is not scientifically necessary; or

(b) it is technically not possible to supply.

1.6. Where relevant, the information shall be generated using test methods, which are included in the list referred to in point 6.

In the absence of suitable internationally or nationally validated test guidelines, test guidelines accepted by the competent authority shall be used. Any deviations from test guidelines shall be described and justified.

1.7. The information shall include a full description of the test methods used.

1.8. Where relevant, the information shall be generated in accordance with Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 2 ).

1.9. The information shall include a list of endpoints for the plant protection product where relevant.

1.10. The information shall include the proposed classification and labelling of the plant protection product in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 3 ), where relevant.

1.11. Information as provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 ( 4 ) may be required by the competent authorities on co-formulants. Before requiring additional studies to be performed, the competent authorities shall assess all available information provided in accordance with other Union legislation.

1.12. The information provided for the plant protection product and that provided for the active substance, shall be sufficient to:

(a) decide whether or not the plant protection product is to be authorised;

(b) specify conditions or restrictions to be associated with any authorisation;

(c) permit an evaluation of short and long-term risks for non-target species - populations, communities and processes;

(d) identify relevant first aid measures as well as appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures to be followed in the event of poisoning in humans;

(e) permit a risk assessment of acute and chronic consumer exposure, including, where relevant, a cumulative risk assessment deriving from exposure to more than one active substance;

(f) permit an estimation of acute and chronic exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders including, where relevant, the cumulative exposure to more than one active substance;

(g) permit an evaluation to be made as to the nature and extent of the risks for humans, animals (species normally fed and kept by humans or food-producing animals) and of the risks for other non-target vertebrate species;

(h) predict the distribution, fate and behaviour in the environment, as well as the time courses involved;

(i) identify non-target species and populations for which risks arise because of potential exposure;

(j) permit an assessment of the impact of the plant protection product on non-target species;

(k) identify measures necessary to minimise contamination of the environment and impact on non-target species;

(l) classify the plant protection product as to hazard in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008;

(m) specify the pictograms, the signal words, and relevant hazard and precautionary statements for the protection of human health, non-target species and the environment, which are to be used for labelling purposes.

1.13. Where relevant, tests shall be designed and data analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Details of the statistical analysis shall be reported transparently.

1.14. Exposure calculations shall refer to scientific methods accepted by the European Food Safety Authority, when available. The use of additional methods shall be justified.

1.15. For each section of this Annex, a summary of all data, information and evaluation made shall be submitted. This shall include a detailed and critical assessment in accordance with Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009.

2. The requirements set out in this Annex constitute the minimum set of data to be submitted. Member States may set out additional requirements at national level to address specific circumstances, specific exposure scenarios and specific patterns of use other than those taken into account for approval. The applicant shall pay careful attention to environmental, climatic and agronomic conditions when tests are set up subject to the approval by the Member State where the application has been submitted.

3. Good laboratory practice (GLP)

3.1. Tests and analyses shall be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in Directive 2004/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 5 ) where testing is done to obtain data on the properties or safety with respect to human or animal health or the environment.

3.2. By way of derogation from point 3.1, tests and analyses, required under Section 6 of Part A and Section 6 of Part B, may be conducted by official or officially recognised testing facilities or organisations, which satisfy at least the following requirements:

(a) they have at their disposal sufficient scientific and technical staff having the necessary education, training, technical knowledge and experience for their assigned functions;

(b) they have at their disposal suitable equipment required for correct performance of the tests and measurements which they claim to be competent to carry out; that equipment is properly maintained and calibrated, where appropriate, before being put into service and thereafter in accordance with an established programme;

(c) they have at their disposal appropriate experimental fields and, where necessary, greenhouses, growth cabinets or storage rooms; they ensure that environment in which the tests are undertaken does not invalidate their results or adversely affect the required accuracy of measurement;

(d) they make available to all relevant personnel operating procedures and protocols used for the trials;

(e) they make available, where requested by the competent authority, prior to the commencement of a test, information on its location and on the tested plant protection products;

(f) they ensure that the quality of the work performed is appropriate to its type, range, volume and intended purpose;

(g) they maintain records of all observations, calculations and derived data and calibrations records and final test report as long as the plant protection product concerned is authorised in a Member State.

3.3. Officially recognised testing facilities and organisations, and, where requested by the competent authorities, official facilities and organisations shall:

(a) report to the relevant national authority all information necessary to demonstrate that they can satisfy the requirements set out in point 3.2,

(b) permit at any time the inspections, which each Member State shall regularly organise on its territory in order to verify the compliance with point 3.2.

3.4. By way of derogation from point 3.1:

(a) For active substances that are micro-organisms, tests and analyses performed to obtain data on their properties and safety with respect to other aspects than human health, may be conducted by official or officially recognised testing facilities or organisations which satisfy at least the requirements specified in points 3.2 and 3.3.

(b) Studies conducted before the application of this Regulation, although not fully compliant with GLP principles or with current test methods, shall be considered for the assessment if carried out in accordance with the recognised international test guidelines in place at the time of conduction of the studies and/or scientifically valid, thereby avoiding repeating animal tests, especially for carcinogenicity and reprotoxicity studies. This derogation shall apply in particular to studies with vertebrate species.

4. Test material

4.1. Due to the influence that impurities and other components can have on toxicological and ecotoxicological behaviour, a detailed description (specification) of the test material used shall be provided for each study submitted. Studies shall be conducted using the plant protection product to be authorised or bridging principles may be applied, for example, by using a study on a plant protection product with a comparable/equivalent composition. A detailed description of the composition used shall be provided.

4.2. Where radio-labelled test material is used, radio-labels shall be positioned at sites (one or more as necessary), to facilitate elucidation of metabolic and transformation pathways and to facilitate investigation of the distribution of the active substance and of its metabolites, breakdown and reaction products.

4.3. Whenever a study implies the use of different doses, the relationship between the dose and the adverse effect shall be reported.

5. Tests on vertebrate animals

5.1. Tests on vertebrate animals shall be undertaken only where no other validated methods are available. Alternative methods shall include in vitro methods or in silico methods. Reduction and refinement methods for in vivo testing shall also be encouraged to keep the number of animals used in testing to a minimum.

5.2. The principles of replacement, reduction and refinement of the use of vertebrate animals shall be taken into account in the design of the test methods, in particular when appropriate validated methods become available to replace, reduce or refine animal testing.

5.3. Study designs shall be carefully considered from an ethical point of view, taking into account the scope for reduction, refinement and replacement of animal tests. For example, by including one or more additional dose groups or time points for blood sampling in one study, it may be possible to avoid the need for another study.

6. For purposes of information and harmonisation, the list of test methods and guidance documents referred to in this Annex shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union. That list shall be regularly updated.

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PART A

CHEMICAL PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 Identity of the plant protection product 1.1. Applicant 1.2. Producer of the plant protection product and the active substances 1.3. Trade name or proposed trade name and producer’s development code number of the plant protection product if appropriate 1.4. Detailed quantitative and qualitative information on the composition of the plant protection product 1.4.1. Composition of the plant protection product 1.4.2. Information on the active substances 1.4.3. Information on safeners, synergists and co-formulants 1.5. Type and code of the plant protection product 1.6. Function SECTION 2 Physical, chemical and technical properties of the plant protection product 2.1. Appearance 2.2. Explosive and oxidising properties 2.3. Flammability and self-heating 2.4. Acidity/alkalinity and pH value 2.5. Viscosity and surface tension 2.6. Relative density and bulk density 2.7. Storage stability and shelf-life: effects of temperature on technical characteristics of the plant protection product 2.8. Technical characteristics of the plant protection product 2.8.1. Wettability 2.8.2. Persistent foaming 2.8.3. Suspensibility, spontaneity of dispersion and dispersion stability 2.8.4. Degree of dissolution and dilution stability 2.8.5. Particle size distribution, dust content, attrition and mechanical stability 2.8.5.1. Particle size distribution 2.8.5.2. Dust content 2.8.5.3. Attrition 2.8.5.4. Hardness and integrity 2.8.6. Emulsifiability, re-emulsifiability, emulsion stability 2.8.7. Flowability, pourability and dustability 2.9. Physical and chemical compatibility with other products including plant protection products with which its use is to be authorised 2.10. Adherence and distribution to seeds 2.11. Other studies SECTION 3 Data on application 3.1. Field of use envisaged 3.2. Effects on harmful organisms 3.3. Details of intended use 3.4. Application rate and concentration of the active substance 3.5. Method of application 3.6. Number and timing of applications and duration of protection 3.7. Necessary waiting periods or other precautions to avoid phytotoxic effects on succeeding crops 3.8. Proposed instructions for use SECTION 4 Further information on the plant protection product 4.1. Safety intervals and other precautions to protect humans, animals and the environment 4.2. Recommended methods and precautions 4.3. Emergency measures in the case of an accident 4.4. Packaging, compatibility of the plant protection product with proposed packaging materials 4.5. Procedures for destruction or decontamination of the plant protection product and its packaging 4.5.1. Neutralisation procedures 4.5.2. Controlled incineration SECTION 5 Analytical methods Introduction 5.1. Methods used for the generation of pre-authorisation data 5.1.1. Methods for the analysis of the plant protection product 5.1.2. Methods for the determination of residues 5.2. Methods for post-authorisation control and monitoring purposes SECTION 6 Efficacy data Introduction 6.1. Preliminary tests 6.2. Testing effectiveness 6.3. Information on the occurrence or possible occurrence of the development of resistance 6.4. Adverse effects on treated crops 6.4.1. Phytotoxicity to target plants (including different cultivars), or to target plant products 6.4.2. Effects on the yield of treated plants or plant products 6.4.3. Effects on the quality of plants or plant product 6.4.4. Effects on transformation processes 6.4.5. Impact on treated plants or plant products to be used for propagation 6.5. Observations on other undesirable or unintended side-effects 6.5.1. Impact on succeeding crops 6.5.2. Impact on other plants, including adjacent crops 6.5.3. Effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms SECTION 7 Toxicological studies Introduction 7.1. Acute toxicity 7.1.1. Oral toxicity 7.1.2. Dermal toxicity 7.1.3. Inhalation toxicity 7.1.4. Skin irritation 7.1.5. Eye irritation 7.1.6. Skin sensitisation 7.1.7. Supplementary studies on the plant protection product 7.1.8. Supplementary studies for combinations of plant protection products 7.2. Data on exposure 7.2.1. Operator exposure 7.2.1.1. Estimation of operator exposure 7.2.1.2. Measurement of operator exposure 7.2.2. Bystander and resident exposure 7.2.2.1. Estimation of bystander and resident exposure 7.2.2.2. Measurement of bystander and resident exposure 7.2.3. Worker exposure 7.2.3.1. Estimation of worker exposure 7.2.3.2. Measurement of worker exposure 7.3. Dermal absorption 7.4. Available toxicological data relating to co-formulants SECTION 8 Residues in or on treated products, food and feed SECTION 9 Fate and behaviour in the environment Introduction 9.1. Fate and behaviour in soil 9.1.1. Rate of degradation in soil 9.1.1.1. Laboratory studies 9.1.1.2. Field studies 9.1.1.2.1. Soil dissipation studies 9.1.1.2.2. Soil accumulation studies 9.1.2. Mobility in the soil 9.1.2.1. Laboratory studies 9.1.2.2. Lysimeter studies 9.1.2.3. Field leaching studies 9.1.3. Estimation of concentrations in soil 9.2. Fate and behaviour in water and sediment 9.2.1. Aerobic mineralisation in surface water 9.2.2. Water/sediment study 9.2.3. Irradiated water/sediment study 9.2.4. Estimation of concentrations in groundwater 9.2.4.1. Calculation of concentrations in groundwater 9.2.4.2. Additional field tests 9.2.5. Estimation of concentrations in surface water and sediment 9.3. Fate and behaviour in air 9.3.1. Route and rate of degradation in air and transport via air 9.4. Estimation of concentrations for other routes of exposure SECTION 10 Ecotoxicological studies Introduction 10.1. Effects on birds and other terrestrial vertebrates 10.1.1. Effects on birds 10.1.1.1. Acute oral toxicity to birds 10.1.1.2. Higher tier data on birds 10.1.2. Effects on terrestrial vertebrates other than birds 10.1.2.1. Acute oral toxicity to mammals 10.1.2.2. Higher tier data on mammals 10.1.3. Effects on other terrestrial vertebrate wildlife (reptiles and amphibians) 10.2. Effects on aquatic organisms 10.2.1. Acute toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, or effects on aquatic algae and macrophytes 10.2.2. Additional long-term and chronic toxicity studies on fish, aquatic invertebrates and sediment dwelling organisms 10.2.3. Further testing on aquatic organisms 10.3. Effects on arthropods 10.3.1. Effects on bees 10.3.1.1. Acute toxicity to bees 10.3.1.1.1. Acute oral toxicity 10.3.1.1.2. Acute contact toxicity 10.3.1.2. Chronic toxicity to bees 10.3.1.3. Effects on honey bee development and other honey bee life stages 10.3.1.4. Sub-lethal effects 10.3.1.5. Cage and tunnel tests 10.3.1.6. Field tests with honeybees 10.3.2. Effects on non-target arthropods other than bees 10.3.2.1. Standard laboratory testing for non-target arthropods 10.3.2.2. Extended laboratory testing, aged residue studies with non-target arthropods 10.3.2.3. Semi-field studies with non-target arthropods 10.3.2.4. Field studies with non-target arthropods 10.3.2.5. Other routes of exposure for non-target arthropods 10.4. Effects on non-target soil meso- and macrofauna 10.4.1. Earthworms 10.4.1.1. Earthworms — sub-lethal effects 10.4.1.2. Earthworms — field studies 10.4.2. Effects on non-target soil meso- and macrofauna (other than earthworms) 10.4.2.1. Species level testing 10.4.2.2. Higher tier testing 10.5. Effects on soil nitrogen transformation 10.6. Effects on terrestrial non-target higher plants 10.6.1. Summary of screening data 10.6.2. Testing on non-target plants 10.6.3. Extended laboratory studies on non-target plants 10.6.4. Semi-field and field tests on non-target plants 10.7. Effects on other terrestrial organisms (flora and fauna) 10.8. Monitoring data SECTION 11 Literature data SECTION 12 Classification and labelling

SECTION 1

Identity of the plant protection product

The information provided shall be sufficient to precisely identify the plant protection product and define it in terms of its specification and nature.

1.1. Applicant

The name and address of the applicant shall be provided, as well as the name, position, telephone, e-mail address and telefax number of a contact point.

1.2. Producer of the plant protection product and of the active substances

The name and address of the producer of the plant protection product and of each active substance in the plant protection product shall be provided, as well as the name and address of each manufacturing plant in which the plant protection product and active substance are manufactured. A contact point (name, telephone, e-mail address and telefax number) shall be provided.

If the active substance originates from a producer from which data in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 have not been submitted previously, data to address those requirements shall be provided in order to establish equivalence of the active substance.

1.3. Trade name or proposed trade name and producer’s development code number of the plant protection product if appropriate

All former and current trade names and proposed trade names and development code numbers of the plant protection product shall be provided. Where trade names and code numbers referred to, relate to similar but different plant protection products, full details of the differences shall be provided. The proposed trade name shall be such that it does not give rise to confusion with the trade name of already authorised plant protection products. Each code number shall be specific to a unique plant protection product.

1.4. Detailed quantitative and qualitative information on the composition of the plant protection product

1.4.1. Composition of the plant protection product

For plant protection products the following information shall be reported:

— the content of the technical active substances (based on the specified minimum purity) and the declared content of pure active substances and, where relevant, the corresponding content of the variant (such as salts and esters) of the active substances,

— the content of safeners, synergists and co-formulants,

— the maximum content of relevant impurities, where appropriate.

In addition to the total active substance content, for slow or controlled release plant protection products (such as capsule suspension, CS) the free (non-encapsulated) and encapsulated active substance content and the release rate shall be given. Where possible, appropriate Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC) methods shall be used. If an alternative method is used this shall be justified by the applicant and a detailed description of the methodology used shall be given.

The concentration of each active substance shall be expressed as follows:

— for solids, aerosols, volatile liquids (maximum boiling point 50 °C) or viscous liquids (lower limit 1 Pa s at 20 °C), as % w/w and g/kg,

— for other liquids/gel formulations, as % w/w and g/l,

— for gases, as % v/v and % w/w.

1.4.2. Information on the active substances

For active substances their International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) common names or proposed ISO common names, their CIPAC numbers, and, where available, the European Commission (EC) numbers shall be provided. Where relevant, it shall be stated which salt, ester, anion or cation is present.

1.4.3. Information on safeners, synergists and co-formulants

Safeners, synergists and co-formulants shall, where possible, be identified both by their chemical name as given in Part 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council or, if not included in that Regulation, in accordance with both the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and Chemical Abstracts (CA) nomenclature. Their structural formula shall be provided. For each component of the safeners, synergists and co-formulants the relevant EC number and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number, where they exist, shall be provided. For co-formulants which are mixtures, the composition shall be provided. Where the information provided does not fully identify the safener, synergist or co-formulant, an appropriate specification shall be provided. The trade name, where available, shall also be provided. Safety data sheets pursuant to Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 ( *1 ) shall be provided. They shall be up to date and in accordance with other Union legislation.

For co-formulants the function shall be specified from among the following:

(a) adhesive (sticker);

(b) antifoaming agent;

(c) antifreeze;

(d) binder;

(e) buffer;

(f) carrier;

(g) deodorant;

(h) dispersing agent;

(i) dye;

(j) emetic;

(k) emulsifier;

(l) fertiliser;

(m) preservative;

(n) odourant;

(o) perfume;

(p) propellant;

(q) repellent;

(r) solvent;

(s) stabiliser;

(t) thickener;

(u) wetting agent;

(v) miscellaneous (shall be specified by the applicant).

A description of the formulation process shall be provided.

1.5. Type and code of the plant protection product

The type and code of plant protection product shall be designated according to the latest edition of the ‘Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides’ prepared by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications (JMPS).

Where a plant protection product is not defined precisely in this publication, a full description of the physical nature and state of the plant protection product shall be provided, together with a proposal for a suitable description of the type of plant protection product and a proposal for its definition.

1.6. Function

The function shall be specified from among the following:

(a) acaricide;

(b) bactericide;

(c) fungicide;

(d) herbicide;

(e) insecticide;

(f) molluscicide;

(g) nematicide;

(h) plant growth regulator;

(i) repellent;

(j) rodenticide;

(k) semio-chemicals;

(l) talpicide;

(m) viricide;

(n) other (shall be specified by the applicant).

SECTION 2

Physical, chemical and technical properties of the plant protection product

The extent to which plant protection products for which authorisation is sought, comply with relevant FAO/WHO specifications, shall be stated. Divergences from these specifications shall be described in detail, and justified by the applicant.

2.1. Appearance

A description of the colour and of the physical state of the plant protection product shall be provided.

2.2. Explosive and oxidising properties

The explosive and oxidising properties of plant protection products shall be determined and reported. A theoretical estimation based on structure shall be accepted if it meets the criteria set out in Appendix 6 of the United Nations’ Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Manual of Tests and Criteria ( 6 ).

2.3. Flammability and self-heating

The flash point of liquids which contain flammable solvents shall be determined and reported. The flammability of solid plant protection products and gases shall be determined and reported. A theoretical estimation based on structure shall be accepted if it meets the criteria set out in Appendix 6 of the United Nations’ Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Manual of Tests and Criteria.

The self-heating shall be determined and reported.

2.4. Acidity/alkalinity and pH value

In the case of aqueous plant protection products, the pH value of the neat plant protection product shall be determined and reported.

In the case of solid and non-aqueous liquid plant protection products which are to be applied as aqueous dilutions the pH of a 1 % dilution of the plant protection product shall be determined and reported.

In the case of plant protection products which are acidic (pH < 4) or alkaline (pH > 10) the acidity or alkalinity shall be determined and reported.

2.5. Viscosity and surface tension

For liquid formulations the viscosity shall be determined at two shear rates and at 20°C and 40°C and reported together with the test conditions. The surface tension shall be determined at the highest concentration.

For liquid plant protection products containing ≥10 % hydrocarbons and for which the kinematic viscosity is less than 7 × 10– 6 m2/sec at 40 °C the surface tension of the neat formulation shall be determined at 25 °C and reported.

2.6. Relative density and bulk density

The relative density of liquid plant protection products shall be determined and reported.

The bulk density (pour and tap) of plant protection products which are powders or granules shall be determined and reported.

2.7. Storage stability and shelf-life: effects of temperature on technical characteristics of the plant protection product

The stability of the plant protection product after accelerated storage for 14 days at 54 °C shall be determined and reported. Data generated from alternative time/temperature combinations (for example 8 weeks at 40 °C, 12 weeks at 35 °C or 18 weeks at 30 °C) may be submitted as alternative accelerated storage data. Consideration shall be given to performing this test in packaging made of the same material as the commercial packaging.

If the active substance content after the heat stability test has decreased by more than 5 % from the initial value, then information on the breakdown products shall be supplied.

For liquid plant protection products, the effect of low temperatures on stability shall be determined and reported.

The shelf life of the plant protection product at ambient temperature shall be determined and reported. Where shelf life is less than two years, the shelf life in months, with appropriate temperature specifications, shall be reported. The ambient temperature stability test shall be performed in packaging made of the same material as the commercial packaging. Where appropriate, data on the content of relevant impurities, before and after storage, shall be provided.

2.8. Technical characteristics of the plant protection product

The technical characteristics of the plant protection product shall be determined and reported at appropriate concentrations.

2.8.1. Wettability

The wettability of solid plant protection products, which are diluted for use shall be determined and reported.

2.8.2. Persistent foaming

The persistence of foaming of plant protection products to be diluted with water shall be determined and reported.

2.8.3. Suspensibility, spontaneity of dispersion and dispersion stability

The suspensibility and the spontaneity of dispersion of water dispersible products shall be determined and reported.

The dispersion stability of plant protection products such as aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD) or emulsifiable granules (EG) shall be determined and reported.

2.8.4. Degree of dissolution and dilution stability

The degree of dissolution and the dilution stability of water soluble products shall be determined and reported.

2.8.5. Particle size distribution, dust content, attrition and mechanical stability

2.8.5.1. Particle size distribution

In the case of water dispersible products, a wet sieve test shall be conducted and reported.

The size distribution of particles in the case of powders and suspension concentrates shall be determined and reported.

The nominal size range of granules shall be determined and reported.

2.8.5.2. Dust content

The dust content of granular plant protection products shall be determined and reported.

If results show > 1 % w/w dust then the particle size of the dust generated shall be determined and reported.

2.8.5.3. Attrition

The attrition characteristics of granules and tablets which are loose packed shall be determined and reported.

2.8.5.4. Hardness and integrity

The hardness and integrity of tablets shall be determined and reported.

2.8.6. Emulsifiability, re-emulsifiability, emulsion stability

The emulsifiability, emulsion stability and re-emulsifiability of plant protection products, which exist as emulsions in the spray tank, shall be determined and reported.

2.8.7. Flowability, pourability and dustability

The following characteristics shall be determined and reported:

— the flowability of granular plant protection products,

— the pourability of suspensions, and

— the dustability of dustable powders following accelerated storage according to point 2.7.

2.9. Physical and chemical compatibility with other products including plant protection products with which its use is to be authorised

The physical and chemical compatibility of recommended tank mixes shall be determined and reported. Known non-compatibility shall be reported.

2.10. Adherence and distribution to seeds

In the case of plant protection products for seed treatment, both distribution and adhesion shall be determined and reported.

2.11. Other studies

Supplementary studies necessary for the classification of the plant protection product by hazard shall be carried out in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.

SECTION 3

Data on application

Data on application shall be submitted and shall be consistent with good plant protection practice.

3.1. Field of use envisaged

The fields of use, existing and proposed, shall be specified from among the following:

(a) field use, such as agriculture, horticulture, forestry and viticulture, protected crops, amenity, weed control on non-cultivated areas;

(b) home gardening;

(c) house plants;

(d) plant products storage practice;

(e) other (shall be specified by the applicant).

3.2. Effects on harmful organisms

The nature of the effects on harmful organisms shall be stated:

(a) contact action;

(b) stomach action;

(c) inhalation action;

(d) fungitoxic action;

(e) fungistatic action;

(f) desiccant;

(g) reproduction inhibitors;

(h) other (shall be specified by the applicant).

In addition, it shall be specified whether the plant protection product is systemic or not in plants.

3.3. Details of intended use

Details of the intended use shall be provided including, where relevant, the following information:

— effects achieved for example sprout suppression, retardation of ripening, reduction in stem length, enhanced fertilisation,

— types of harmful organisms controlled,

— plants or plant products to be protected.

3.4. Application rate and concentration of the active substance

For each method of application and each use, the rate of application per unit (ha, m2, m3) treated, for plant protection product in g, kg, mL or L and active substance in g or kg shall be provided.

Application rates shall be expressed, as appropriate, in one of the following units:

— g, kg, mL or L per ha,

— kg or L per m 3 ,

— g, kg, mL or L per tonne.

For protected crops and home gardening use rates shall be expressed in:

— g, kg, mL or L per 100 m 2 , or

— g, kg, mL or L per m 3 .

The content of active substance shall be expressed, as appropriate, in:

— g or mL per L, or

— g or mL per kg.

3.5. Method of application

The method of application proposed shall be described fully, indicating the type of equipment to be used, if any, as well as the type and volume of diluent to be used per unit of area or volume.

3.6. Number and timing of applications and duration of protection

The maximum number of applications to be used and their timing shall be reported. Where relevant, the growth stages of the crop or plants to be protected and the development stages of the harmful organisms shall be indicated. Where possible, the interval between applications in days shall be stated.

The duration of protection afforded both by each application and by the maximum number of applications to be used, shall be indicated.

3.7. Necessary waiting periods or other precautions to avoid phytotoxic effects on succeeding crops

Where relevant, minimum waiting periods between last application and sowing or planting of succeeding crops, which are necessary to avoid phytotoxic effects on succeeding crops, shall be stated, and follow from the data provided in accordance with point 6.5.1.

Limitations on choice of succeeding crops, if any, shall be stated.

3.8. Proposed instructions for use

The proposed instructions for use of the plant protection product, to be printed on labels and leaflets, shall be provided.

SECTION 4

Further information on the plant protection product

4.1. Safety intervals and other precautions to protect humans, animals and the environment

The information provided shall follow from and be supported by the data provided for the active substances and that provided in accordance with Sections 7 and 8.

Where relevant, pre-harvest intervals, re-entry periods or withholding periods necessary to minimise the presence of residues in or on crops, plants and plant products, or in treated areas or spaces, with a view to protecting humans, animals and the environment, shall be specified, such as:

(a) pre-harvest interval (in days) for each relevant crop;

(b) re-entry period (in days) for livestock, to areas to be grazed;

(c) re-entry period (in hours or days) for humans to crops, buildings or spaces treated;

(d) withholding period (in days) for animal feeding stuffs and for post-harvest uses;

(e) waiting period (in days), between application and handling treated products;

(f) waiting period (in days), between last application and sowing or planting succeeding crops.

Where necessary in the light of the test results, information on any specific agricultural, plant health or environmental conditions under which the plant protection product may or may not be used shall be provided.

4.2. Recommended methods and precautions

The recommended methods and precautions concerning washing/cleaning of machinery and protective equipment, detailed handling procedures for the storage, at both warehouse and user level of plant protection products, for their transport and in the event of fire shall be provided by the applicant. The effectiveness of cleaning procedures shall be described in detail. Where available, information on combustion products shall be provided. The risks likely to arise and the methods and procedures to minimise the hazards arising, shall be specified. Procedures to preclude or minimise the generation of waste or leftovers shall be provided.

Where appropriate, the nature and characteristics of protective clothing and equipment proposed shall be provided. The data provided shall be sufficient to evaluate the suitability and effectiveness under realistic conditions of use (for example field or glasshouse circumstances).

4.3. Emergency measures in the case of an accident

Detailed procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency, whether arising during transport, storage or use, shall be provided and include:

(a) containment of spillages;

(b) decontamination of areas, vehicles and buildings;

(c) disposal of damaged packaging, absorbents and other materials;

(d) protection of emergency workers and residents, including bystanders;

(e) first aid measures.

4.4. Packaging, compatibility of the plant protection product with proposed packaging materials

Packaging to be used shall be fully described and specified in terms of the materials used, manner of construction (for example extruded, welded), size and capacity, wall thickness, size of opening, type of closure and seals. Packaging shall be designed in order to limit as much as possible exposure of operators and of the environment.

All packaging used shall comply with the relevant Union legislation on transportation and safe handling.

4.5. Procedures for destruction or decontamination of the plant protection product and its packaging

Procedures for destruction and decontamination shall be developed for both small quantities (user level) and large quantities (warehouse level). The procedures shall be consistent with provisions in place relating to the disposal of waste and of toxic waste. The proposed means of disposal shall be without unacceptable influence on the environment and be the most cost effective and feasible.

4.5.1. Neutralisation procedures

Neutralisation procedures (such as by reaction with other substances to form less toxic compounds) for use in the event of accidental spillages shall be described, where such procedures can be applied. The products produced after neutralisation shall be practically or theoretically evaluated and reported.

4.5.2. Controlled incineration

Chemical active substances as well as plant protection products containing them, contaminated materials, or contaminated packaging shall be disposed of through controlled incineration in a licensed incinerator in accordance with the criteria laid down in Directive 94/67/EC of the Council ( 7 ).

If controlled incineration is not the preferred method of disposal, full information on the alternative method of safe disposal used shall be provided. Data shall be provided for such methods, to establish their effectiveness and safety.

SECTION 5

Analytical methods

Introduction

The provisions of this Section cover analytical methods used for the generation of pre-authorisation data and required for post-authorisation control and monitoring purposes.

Descriptions of methods shall be provided and include details of equipment, materials and conditions used.

On request, the following shall be provided:

(a) analytical standards of the purified active substance and of the plant protection product;

(b) samples of the active substance as manufactured;

(c) analytical standards of relevant metabolites and all other components included in all monitoring residue definitions;

(d) samples of reference substances for the relevant impurities.

In addition, the standards referred to in points (a) and (c) shall, where possible, be made commercially available and, on request, the distributing company shall be named.

5.1. Methods used for the generation of pre-authorisation data

5.1.1. Methods for the analysis of the plant protection product

Methods shall be provided, with a full description, for the determination of:

(a) active substance and/or variant in the plant protection product;

(b) relevant impurities identified in the technical material or which may be formed during manufacture of the plant protection product or from degradation of the plant protection product during storage;

(c) relevant co-formulants or components of co-formulants, where required by the national competent authorities.

In the case of a plant protection product containing more than one active substance and/or variant a method capable of determining each, in the presence of the other, shall be provided. If a combined method is not submitted, the technical reasons shall be stated.

The applicability of CIPAC methods shall be assessed and reported. In case of use of a CIPAC method, further validation data shall not be required, but example chromatograms shall be submitted, where available.

The specificity of the methods shall be determined and reported. In addition, the extent of interference by other substances present in the plant protection product (such as impurities or co-formulants), shall be determined.

The linearity of methods shall be determined and reported. The calibration range shall extend (by at least 20 %) beyond the highest and lowest nominal content of the analyte in relevant analytical solutions. Either duplicate determinations at three or more concentrations or single determinations at five or more concentrations shall be made. The equation of the calibration line and the correlation coefficient shall be reported and a typical calibration plot shall be submitted. In cases where a non-linear response is used, this shall be justified by the applicant.

The precision (repeatability) of the methods shall be determined and reported. A minimum of five replicate sample determinations shall be made, and the mean, the relative standard deviation and the number of determinations shall be reported. The accuracy of the methods shall be determined on at least two representative samples at levels appropriate to the material specification. The mean and the relative standard deviation of the recoveries shall be reported.

For relevant impurities and, where necessary, for relevant co-formulants the limit of quantification (LOQ) shall be determined and reported and shall be at a concentration of analyte, which is of toxicological or environmental significance, or at the concentration which is formed during storage of the product, where relevant.

5.1.2. Methods for the determination of residues

Methods shall be submitted, with a full description, for the determination of non-isotope-labelled residues in all areas of the dossier, as set out in detail in the following points:

(a) in soil, water, sediment, air and any additional matrices used in support of environmental fate studies;

(b) in soil, water and any additional matrices used in support of efficacy studies;

(c) in feed, body fluids and tissues, air and any additional matrices used in support of toxicology studies;

(d) in body fluids, air and any additional matrices used in support of operator, worker, resident and bystander exposure studies;

(e) in or on plants, plant products, processed food commodities, food of plant and animal origin, feed and any additional matrices used in support of residues studies;

(f) in soil, water, sediment, feed and any additional matrices used in support of ecotoxicology studies;

(g) in water, buffer solutions, organic solvents and any additional matrices resulting from the physical and chemical properties tests.

The specificity of the methods shall be determined and reported. Validated confirmatory methods shall be submitted if appropriate.

The linearity, recovery and precision (repeatability) of methods shall be determined and reported.

Data shall be generated at the LOQ and either the likely residue levels or ten times the LOQ. The LOQ shall be determined and reported for each component in the residue definition.

5.2. Methods for post-authorisation control and monitoring purposes

As far as practicable these methods shall employ the simplest approach, involve the minimum cost, and require commonly available equipment.

Analytical methods for the determination of the active substance and relevant impurities in the plant protection product shall be submitted, unless the applicant shows that these methods already submitted in accordance with the requirements set out in point 5.1.1 can be applied.

The provisions set out in point 5.1.1 shall apply.

Methods, with a full description, shall be submitted for the determination of residues:

— in or on plants, plant products, processed food commodities, food and feed of plant and animal origin,

— in body fluids and tissues,

— in soil,

— in water,

— in air, unless the applicant shows that exposure of operators, workers, residents or bystanders is negligible.

The applicant may deviate from such requirement by showing that the methods submitted in accordance with the requirements set out in point 4.2 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 can be applied.

The specificity of the methods shall enable all components included in the monitoring residue definition to be determined. Validated confirmatory methods shall be submitted if appropriate.

The linearity, recovery and precision (repeatability) of methods shall be determined and reported.

Data shall be generated at the LOQ and either the likely residue levels or ten times the LOQ. The LOQ shall be determined and reported for each component included in the monitoring residue definition.

For residues in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and residues in drinking water, the reproducibility of the method shall be determined by means of an independent laboratory validation (ILV) and reported.

SECTION 6

Efficacy data

Introduction

1. The data supplied shall be sufficient to permit an evaluation of the plant protection product to be made. It shall be possible to evaluate the nature and extent of benefits that accrue following use of the plant protection product, in comparison to an untreated control and where they exist in comparison to suitable reference products and damage thresholds, and to define its conditions of use.

2. The number of trials to be conducted and reported shall reflect factors such as the extent to which the properties of the active substances it contains are known and on the range of conditions that arise, including variability in plant health conditions, climatic differences, the range of agricultural practices, the uniformity of the crops, the mode of application the type of harmful organism and the type of plant protection product.

3. Sufficient data shall be submitted to confirm that patterns of use of the plant protection product are representative of the regions and the range of conditions, likely to be encountered in the regions concerned, for which its use is intended. Where the applicant claims that tests in one or more of the proposed regions of use are unnecessary because conditions are comparable with those in other regions where tests have been carried out, the applicant shall substantiate the claim for comparability with documentary evidence.

4. In order to assess seasonal differences, if any, sufficient data shall be generated and submitted to confirm the performance of the plant protection product in each agronomically and climatically different region for each particular crop (or commodity)/harmful organism combination. Trials on effectiveness and phytotoxicity, where relevant, usually in at least two growing seasons shall be reported.

5. If the trials from the first season adequately confirm the validity of claims made on the basis of extrapolation of results from other crops, commodities or situations or from tests with closely similar plant protection products, the applicant shall provide a justification for not carrying out a second season’s work. Where, because of climatic or plant health conditions or other reasons the data obtained in any particular season are of limited value for the assessment of performance, trials in one or more further seasons shall be conducted and reported.

6.1. Preliminary tests

Reports in summary form of preliminary tests, including glasshouse and field studies, used to assess the biological activity or dose range finding of the plant protection product and of the active substances it contains, shall be submitted as relevant when requested by the competent authority. These reports shall provide additional information for the competent authority in order to justify the recommended dose of the plant protection product and, where the plant protection product contains more than one active substance, the ratio of the active substances.

6.2. Testing effectiveness

The tests shall provide sufficient data to permit an evaluation of the level, duration and consistency of control or protection or other intended effects of the plant protection product in comparison to suitable reference products, where they exist.

Test conditions

A trial shall, where possible, consist of the following three components: test product, reference product and untreated control.

The performance of the plant protection product shall be investigated in relation to suitable reference products, where they exist. A plant protection product shall be considered a suitable reference product if it fulfils the following requirements: it is authorised and has proved a sufficient performance in practice under the conditions of the area of intended use (plant health, agricultural, horticultural, forestry, climatic, environmental, as appropriate). The working spectrum, time and method of application, mode of action shall be close to those of the tested plant protection product. If this is not possible, reference product and test product shall be applied according to their specified use.

Plant protection products shall be tested in circumstances where the target harmful organism has been shown to have been present at a level causing or known to cause adverse effects (yield, quality, operational benefit) on an unprotected crop or area or on plants or plant products which have not been treated or where the harmful organism is present at such a level that an evaluation of the plant protection product can be made.

On plant protection products for control of harmful organisms trials shall be performed which show the level of control of the species of harmful organisms concerned or of species representative of groups for which claims are made. Trials shall include the different stages of growth of life cycle of the harmful species, where this is relevant and the different strains or races, where these are likely to show different degrees of susceptibility. Where relevant, these considerations may be addressed in laboratory studies.

Trials to provide data on plant protection products which are plant growth regulators, shall show the level of effects on the species to be treated, and include investigation of differences in the response of a representative sample of the range of cultivars on which its use is proposed.

In order to clarify the dose response, dose rates lower than the recommended one shall be included in some trials in order to enable assessment of whether the recommended rate is the minimum necessary to achieve the desired effect.

The duration of the effects of treatment shall be investigated in relation to the control of the target organism or effect on the treated plants or plant products, as appropriate. When more than one application is recommended for the proposed use pattern of the product, trials shall be reported, which establish the duration of the effects of an application, the number of applications necessary and the desired intervals between them.

Evidence shall be submitted to show that the dose, timing and method of application recommended give adequate control, protection or have the intended effect in the range of circumstances likely to be encountered in practical use.

If there is clear evidence that the performance of the plant protection product is likely to be affected by environmental factors, such as temperature or rain, an investigation of the effects of such factors on performance shall be carried out and reported, particularly where it is known that the performance of chemically related products is so affected.

Where proposed label claims include recommendations for the use of the plant protection product with other plant protection products or adjuvants information on the performance of the mixture shall be provided.

Trials shall be designed to investigate specified issues, to minimise the effects of random variation between different parts of each site and to enable statistical analysis to be applied to results amenable to such analysis. The design, analysis, conduct and reporting of trials shall be in accordance with the specific standards of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO), where available. Deviations from available EPPO guidelines, may be acceptable provided the trials design meets the minimum requirements of the relevant EPPO standard, and is fully described and justified. The report shall include a detailed and critical assessment of the data.

A statistical analysis of results amenable to such analysis shall be carried out; where necessary the test guideline used shall be adapted to enable such analysis.

Where relevant, evidence of yield and quality may be required as a demonstration of effectiveness.

6.3. Information on the occurrence or possible occurrence of the development of resistance

Laboratory data and where it exists, field information relating to the occurrence and development of resistance or cross-resistance in populations of harmful organisms to the active substances, or to related active substances, shall be provided. Where such information is not directly relevant to the uses for which authorisation is sought or to be renewed (different species of harmful organism or different crops), it shall, if available, nevertheless be provided in summary form, as it may provide an indication of the likelihood of resistance developing in the target population.

Where there is evidence or information to suggest that, in commercial use, the development of resistance is likely, evidence shall be generated and submitted as to the sensitivity of the population of the harmful organism concerned to the plant protection product. In such cases a management strategy designed to minimise the likelihood of resistance developing in target species shall be provided. This management strategy shall have regard for and refer to any relevant existing strategies and restrictions already in place.

6.4. Adverse effects on treated crops

6.4.1. Phytotoxicity to target plants (including different cultivars), or to target plant products

The test shall provide sufficient data to permit an evaluation of the performance of the plant protection product and of the possible occurrence of phytotoxicity after treatment with the plant protection product.

Test conditions

For herbicides testing with a dose which is twice the recommended dose shall be required. For other plant protection products for which adverse effects, however transitory, are seen during the trials, performed in accordance with point 6.2, the margins of selectivity on target crops shall be established, using higher doses than the recommended rates of application. Where serious phytotoxic effects are seen, an intermediate application rate shall also be investigated.

Where adverse effects occur, but are claimed to be unimportant in comparison with the benefits of use or transient, evidence to support this claim is required. If necessary, yield measurement shall be submitted.

The safety of a plant protection product to the main cultivars of the main crops for which it is recommended shall be demonstrated, including effects of crop growth stage, vigour, and other factors which may influence susceptibility to damage or injury.

The extent of information necessary on other crops shall reflect their degree of similarity to the main crops already tested, the quantity and quality of data available on those main crops and how far the manner of use of the plant protection product, if relevant, is similar. It is sufficient to perform the test with the main plant protection product type to be authorised.

Where proposed label claims include recommendations for the use of the plant protection product with another plant protection product, this point shall apply to the mixture.

Observations concerning phytotoxicity shall be performed in the tests set out in point 6.2.

Where phytotoxic effects are seen, they shall be accurately assessed and recorded.

A statistical analysis of results amenable to such analysis should be carried out, where necessary the test guideline used shall be adapted to enable such analysis.

6.4.2. Effects on the yield of treated plants or plant products

The test shall provide sufficient data to permit an evaluation of the performance of the plant protection product and of possible occurrence of yield reduction or loss in storage of treated plants or plant products.

Circumstances in which required

The effects of plant protection products on the yield or yield components of treated plant products shall be determined where relevant. When treated plants or plant products are likely to be stored the effect on the yield after storage, including data on storage life, shall be determined where relevant.

6.4.3. Effects on the quality of plants or plant product

Appropriate observations of quality parameters may be required for individual crops (for example cereal grain quality, sugar content). Such information can be gathered from appropriate assessments in trials described under 6.2 and 6.4.1.

Where relevant, taint testing shall be conducted.

6.4.4. Effects on transformation processes

Where relevant, tests for effects on transformation processes shall be conducted.

6.4.5. Impact on treated plants or plant products to be used for propagation

Where relevant, sufficient data and observations shall be provided to permit an evaluation of possible adverse effects of a treatment with the plant protection product on plants or plant products to be used for propagation.

Circumstances in which required

Those data and observations shall be submitted, except where the proposed uses preclude use on crops intended for production of seeds, cuttings, runners, tubers or bulbs for planting, as appropriate.

6.5. Observations on other undesirable or unintended side-effects

6.5.1. Impact on succeeding crops

Sufficient data shall be provided to permit an evaluation of possible adverse effects of a treatment with the plant protection product on succeeding crops.

Circumstances in which required

Where data, generated in accordance with point 9.1, shows that significant residues of the active substance, its metabolites or breakdown products, which have or may have biological activity on succeeding crops, remain in soil or in plant materials, such as straw or organic material up to sowing or planting time of possible succeeding crops, observations shall be submitted on effects on the normal range of succeeding crops.

6.5.2. Impact on other plants, including adjacent crops

Sufficient data shall be reported to permit an evaluation of possible adverse effects of a treatment with the plant protection product on other plants, including adjacent crops.

Circumstances in which required

Observations shall be submitted on adverse effects on other plants, including the normal range of adjacent crops, when there are indications that the plant protection product could affect these plants via drift. Sufficient data shall be submitted to demonstrate that residues of the plant protection product do not remain in the application equipment after cleaning, and that there is no risk to subsequently treated crops.

6.5.3. Effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms

Any effects, positive or negative, on the incidence of other harmful organisms, observed in the tests performed in accordance with the requirements of this Section, shall be reported. Any observed environmental effects shall also be reported, such as effects on wildlife and non-target organisms, and especially effects on beneficial organisms in case of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

SECTION 7

Toxicological studies

Introduction

1. For the evaluation of the toxicity of the plant protection product information shall be provided on acute toxicity, irritation and sensitisation of the active substance. The relevant calculation methods used for the classification of mixtures as laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 shall, where appropriate, be applied in the hazard assessment of the plant protection product. Where available, information on mode of toxic action, toxicological profile and all other known toxicological aspects of the active substance and of substances of concern, shall be submitted.

2. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the toxic potential of the total mixture.

7.1. Acute toxicity

The studies, data and information to be provided and evaluated, shall be sufficient to permit the identification of effects following a single exposure to the plant protection product, to be assessed, and in particular to establish, or indicate:

(a) the toxicity of the plant protection product;

(b) toxicity of the plant protection product relative to the active substance;

(c) the time course and characteristics of the effect with full details of behavioural changes and possible gross pathological findings at post-mortem;

(d) where possible the mode of toxic action; and

(e) the relative hazard associated with the different routes of exposure.

While the emphasis shall be on estimating the toxicity ranges involved, the information generated shall also permit the plant protection product to be classified in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, where applicable.

7.1.1. Oral toxicity

Circumstances in which required

A test for acute oral toxicity shall be carried out, unless the applicant can justify an alternative approach under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In the latter case, acute oral toxicity of all components shall be provided or reliably predicted with a validated method. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the toxic potential of the total mixture.

7.1.2. Dermal toxicity

Circumstances in which required

A test for dermal toxicity shall be carried out on a case by case basis, unless the applicant can justify an alternative approach under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In the latter case, acute dermal toxicity of all components shall be provided or reliably predicted with a validated method. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the toxic potential of the total mixture.

Findings of severe skin irritation or corrosion in the dermal study may be used instead of performing a specific irritation study.

7.1.3. Inhalation toxicity

The study shall provide the inhalation toxicity to rats of the plant protection product or of the smoke it generates.

Circumstances in which required

The study shall be carried out where the plant protection product:

(a) is a gas or liquified gas;

(b) is a smoke generating plant protection product or fumigant;

(c) is used with fogging/misting equipment;

(d) is a vapour releasing plant protection product;

(e) is supplied in an aerosol dispenser;

(f) is in a form of a powder or granules containing a significant proportion of particles of diameter < 50 μm (> 1 % on a weight basis);

(g) is to be applied from aircraft in cases where inhalation exposure is relevant;

(h) contains an active substance with a vapour pressure > 1 × 10–2 Pa and is to be used in enclosed spaces such as warehouses or glasshouses;

(i) is to be applied by spraying.

A study shall not be required if the applicant can justify an alternative approach under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, where applicable. For this purpose, acute inhalation toxicity of all components shall be provided or reliably predicted with a validated method. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the toxic potential of the total mixture.

The head/nose only exposure shall be used, unless whole body exposure can be justified.

7.1.4. Skin irritation

The results of the study shall provide the potential for skin irritancy of the plant protection product including the potential reversibility of the effects observed.

Before undertaking in vivo studies for corrosion/irritation of the plant protection product, a weight-of-evidence analysis shall be performed on the existing relevant data. Where insufficient data are available, they can be developed through application of sequential testing.

The testing strategy shall follow a tiered approach:

(1) the assessment of dermal corrosivity using a validated in vitro test method;

(2) the assessment of dermal irritation using a validated in vitro test method (such as human reconstituted skin models);

(3) an initial in vivo dermal irritation study using one animal, and where no adverse effects are noted;

(4) confirmatory testing using one or two additional animals.

Consideration shall be given to use the dermal toxicity study to provide irritancy information.

Findings of severe skin irritation or corrosion in the dermal study may be used instead of performing a specific irritation study.

Circumstances in which required

The skin irritancy of the plant protection product shall be reported based on the tiered approach, unless the applicant can justify an alternative approach under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In the latter case, skin irritation properties of all components shall be provided or reliably predicted with a validated method. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the irritant potential of the total mixture.

7.1.5. Eye irritation

The results of the study shall provide the potential for eye irritation of the plant protection product, including the potential reversibility of the effects observed.

Before undertaking in vivo studies for eye corrosion/irritation of the plant protection product, a weight-of-evidence analysis shall be performed on the existing relevant data. Where available data are considered insufficient, further data may be developed through application of sequential testing.

The testing strategy shall follow a tiered approach:

(1) the use of an in vitro dermal irritation/corrosion test to predict eye irritation/corrosion;

(2) the performance of a validated or accepted in vitro eye irritation study to identify severe eye irritants/corrosives (such as BCOP, ICE, IRE, HET-CAM), and where negative results are obtained;

(3) the assessment of eye irritation using an available, in vitro test method validated for plant protection products for identification of non-irritants or irritants, and when not available;

(4) an initial in vivo eye irritation study using one animal, and where no adverse effects are noted;

(5) confirmatory testing using one or two additional animals.

Circumstances in which required

Eye irritation tests shall be provided, unless it is likely that severe effects on the eyes may be produced or the applicant can justify an alternative approach under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In the latter case, eye irritation properties of all components shall be provided or reliably predicted with a validated method. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the irritant potential of the total mixture.

7.1.6. Skin sensitisation

The study shall provide information to assess the potential of the plant protection product to provoke skin sensitisation reactions.

Circumstances in which required

The skin sensitisation test shall be carried out unless the active substances or co-formulants are known to have sensitising properties or the applicant can justify an alternative approach under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In the latter case, skin sensitisation properties of all components shall be provided or reliably predicted with a validated method. Consideration shall be given to the possible effects of components on the sensitising potential of the total mixture.

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) shall be used, including where appropriate the reduced variant of the assay. In case the LLNA cannot be conducted, a justification shall be provided and the Guinea Pig Maximisation Test shall be performed. Where a guinea pig assay (Maximisation or Buehler), meeting OECD guidelines and providing a clear result, is available, further testing shall not be carried out for animal welfare reasons.

Since a skin sensitiser can potentially induce hypersensitivity reaction, potential respiratory sensitisation shall be taken into account when appropriate tests are available or when there are indications of respiratory sensitisation effects.

7.1.7. Supplementary studies on the plant protection product

The need to perform supplementary studies on the plant protection product shall be discussed with the national competent authorities on a case by case basis in the light of the particular parameters to be investigated and the objectives to be achieved (for example for plant protection products containing active substances or other components suspected to have synergistic or additive toxicological effects).

The type of the study shall be adapted to the endpoint of concern.

7.1.8. Supplementary studies for combinations of plant protection products

In cases where the product label includes requirements for use of the plant protection product with other plant protection products or with adjuvants as a tank mix, it may be necessary to carry out studies for a combination of plant protection products or for the plant protection product with adjuvant. The need to perform supplementary studies shall be discussed with the national competent authorities on a case by case basis, taking into account the results of the acute toxicity studies of the individual plant protection products and the toxicological properties of the active substances, the possibility for exposure to the combination of the products concerned, with particular regard to vulnerable groups, and available information or practical experience with the products concerned or similar products.

7.2. Data on exposure

For the purpose of this Regulation the following definitions apply:

(a) operators are people who are involved in activities relating to the application of a plant protection product, such as mixing, loading, application, or relating to cleaning and maintenance of equipment containing a plant protection product; operators may be professionals or amateurs;

(b) workers are people who, as part of their employment, enter an area that has previously been treated with a plant protection product or who handle a crop that has been treated with a plant protection product;

(c) bystanders are people who casually are located within or directly adjacent to an area where application of a plant protection product is in process or has taken place, but not for the purpose of working on the treated area or with the treated commodity;

(d) residents are people who live, work or attend any institution near to areas that are treated with plant protection products, but not for the purpose of working on the treated area or with the treated commodity.

In cases where the product label includes requirements for use of the plant protection product with other plant protection products or with adjuvants as a tank mix, the exposure assessment shall cover the combined exposure. Cumulative and synergistic effects shall be taken into account and reported in the dossier.

7.2.1. Operator exposure

Information shall be provided to permit an assessment of the extent of exposure to the active substances and toxicologically relevant compounds in the plant protection product likely to occur under the proposed conditions of use, taking into account cumulative and synergistic effects. It shall also provide a basis for the selection of the appropriate protective measures including personal protective equipment to be used by operators and to be specified on the label.

7.2.1.1. Estimation of operator exposure

An estimation shall be made, using where available a suitable calculation model, in order to permit an evaluation of the operator exposure likely to arise under the proposed conditions of use. Where relevant, this estimation shall take into account cumulative and synergistic effects resulting from the exposure to more than one active substance and toxicologically relevant compounds, including those in the product and tank mix.

Circumstances in which required

An estimation of operator exposure shall always be performed.

Estimation conditions

An estimation shall be made for each type of application method and application equipment proposed for use of the plant protection product taking account of the requirements resulting from Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, where applicable, for handling the undiluted or diluted product.

The estimation shall address mixing/loading and application, and shall include clean-up activities and routine maintenance of the application equipment. Specific information on local use conditions (types and sizes of containers to be used, application equipment, typical work rates and application rates, spray concentration, field sizes, crop growing climatic conditions) shall be included.

At first an estimation shall be made with the assumption that the operator is not using any personal protective equipment.

Where appropriate, a further estimation shall be made with the assumption that the operator is using effective and readily obtainable protective equipment, which is feasible to be used in practice. Where protective measures are specified on the label, the estimation shall take these into account.

7.2.1.2. Measurement of operator exposure

The study shall provide data to permit an evaluation of the operator exposure likely to arise under the specific proposed conditions of use. The study shall be ethically sound.

Circumstances in which required

Exposure data for the relevant exposure routes shall be reported where there are no representative data in available calculation models or where the model-based risk assessment indicates that the relevant reference value is exceeded.

This will be the case, where the results of the estimation of operator exposure in accordance with point 7.2.1.1 indicate that one or both of the following conditions are fulfilled:

(a) the AOEL established in the context of approval of the active substance may be exceeded;

(b) the Limit Values established for the active substance and toxicologically relevant compounds of the plant protection product in accordance with Directive 98/24/EC and Directive 2004/37/EC may be exceeded.

The study shall be done under realistic exposure conditions taking into account the proposed conditions of use.

7.2.2. Bystander and resident exposure

Information shall be provided to permit an assessment of the extent of exposure to the active substances and toxicologically relevant compounds likely to occur under the proposed conditions of use, taking into account, where relevant, cumulative and synergistic effects. It shall also provide a basis for the selection of appropriate protective measures, including restricted entry intervals, exclusion of residents and bystanders from treatment areas and separation distances.

7.2.2.1 Estimation of bystander and resident exposure

An estimation shall be made, using where available a suitable calculation model in order to permit an evaluation of the bystander and resident exposure likely to arise under the proposed conditions of use. Where relevant, this estimation shall take into account cumulative and synergistic effects resulting from the exposure to more than one active substance and toxicologically relevant compounds, including those in the product and tank mix.

The applicant shall take into consideration that bystanders can be exposed during or after the application of plant protection products and residents may be exposed to plant protection products, mainly, but not only, by inhalation and dermal route and that infants and toddlers exposure may also occur by the oral route (through hand-mouth transfer).

Circumstances in which required

An estimation of bystander and resident exposure shall always be performed.

Estimation conditions

An estimation of bystander and resident exposure shall be made for each relevant type of application method. Specific information including maximum total dose and spray concentration shall be included. The estimation shall be made with the assumption that bystanders and residents do not use any personal protective equipment.

7.2.2.2. Measurement of bystander and resident exposure

The study shall provide data to permit an evaluation of the bystander and resident exposure likely to arise under the specific proposed conditions of use. The study shall be ethically sound.

Circumstances in which required

Exposure data for the relevant exposure routes shall be required where the model based risk assessment indicates that the relevant reference value is exceeded or where there are no representative data in available calculation models.

The study shall be done under realistic exposure conditions taking into account the proposed conditions of use.

7.2.3. Worker exposure

Information shall be provided to permit an assessment of the extent of exposure to the active substances and toxicologically relevant compounds in the plant protection product likely to occur under the proposed conditions of use and agricultural practices, taking into account cumulative and synergistic effects. It shall also provide a basis for the selection of appropriate protective measures, including waiting and re-entry periods.

7.2.3.1. Estimation of worker exposure

An estimation shall be made using, where available, a suitable calculation model, in order to permit an evaluation of the worker exposure likely to arise under the proposed conditions of use. Where relevant, this estimation shall take into account cumulative and synergistic effects resulting from the exposure to more than one active substance and toxicologically relevant compounds, including those in the product and tank mix.

Circumstances in which required

The estimation of worker exposure shall be completed when such exposure could arise under the proposed conditions of use.

Estimation conditions

An estimation of worker exposure shall be made for crops and tasks to be carried out. Specific information including description of post-applications activities, exposure duration, application rate, number of applications, minimum spray interval and growth stage, shall be provided. If data on the amount of dislodgeable residues under the proposed conditions of use are not available, default assumptions shall be used.

At first, the estimation shall be made using available data on the exposure to be expected with the assumption that the worker is not using any personal protective equipment. Where appropriate, a second estimation shall be made with the assumption that the worker is using effective and readily obtainable protective equipment which is feasible to be used and will be worn habitually by workers, for example because it was necessitated by other aspects of task being undertaken.

7.2.3.2. Measurement of worker exposure

The study shall provide data to permit an evaluation of the worker exposure likely to arise under the proposed conditions of use. The study shall be ethically sound.

Circumstances in which required

Exposure data for the relevant exposure routes shall be reported where the model based risk assessment indicates that the relevant reference value is exceeded or where there are no representative data in available calculation models.

This will be the case, where the results of the estimation of worker exposure in accordance with point 7.2.3.1 indicate that one or both of the following conditions are fulfilled:

(a) the AOEL established in the context of approval of the active substance may be exceeded;

(b) the Limit Values established for the active substance and toxicologically relevant compounds of the plant protection product in accordance with Directive 98/24/EC and Directive 2004/37/EC may be exceeded.

The study shall be done under realistic exposure conditions taking into account the proposed conditions of use.

7.3. Dermal absorption

The studies shall provide a measurement of the absorption through the skin of the active substances and toxicologically relevant compounds in the plant protection product to be authorised.

Circumstances in which required

The study shall be conducted when dermal exposure is a significant exposure route, and no acceptable risk is estimated using default absorption value.

Test conditions

Data from absorption studies, preferably using human skin in vitro, shall be reported.

Studies shall be performed on representative plant protection products at both in use dilution (when applicable) as well as the concentrated form.

In case studies do not correspond with the anticipated exposure situation (for example with regard to the type of co-formulant or the concentration), scientific argument shall be provided before such data can be used with confidence.

7.4. Available toxicological data relating to co-formulants

Where relevant, the applicant shall submit and assess the following information:

(a) the registration number in accordance with Article 20(3) of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006);

(b) the study summaries included in the technical dossier submitted in accordance with Article 10(a)(vi) of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006; and

(c) the safety data sheet referred to in Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006.

The safety data sheet under point (c) shall also be submitted and assessed for the plant protection product.

Any other available information shall be submitted.

SECTION 8

Residues in or on treated products, food and feed

Data and information on residues in or on treated products, food and feed in accordance with Section 6 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 shall be submitted, unless the applicant shows that the data and information already submitted for the active substance can be applied.

SECTION 9

Fate and behaviour in the environment

Introduction

1. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC).

1.1. A realistic worst-case estimation shall be made of the expected concentrations of the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products:

— which account for more than 10 % of the amount of active substance added,

— which account for more than 5 % of the amount of active substance added, in at least two sequential measurements,

— for whose individual components (> 5 %) the maximum of formation is not yet reached at the end of the study, in soil, surface in soil, groundwater, surface water, sediment and air, following use as proposed or already occurring.

1.2. For the purposes of the estimation of such concentrations the following definitions apply:

(a) Predicted environmental concentration in soil (PECS) : the level of residues in the top layer of the soil and to which non-target soil organisms may be exposed (acute and chronic exposure).

(b) Predicted environmental concentration in surface water (PECSW) : the level of residues, in surface water to which non-target organisms may be exposed (acute and chronic exposure).

(c) Predicted environmental concentration in sediment (PECSED) : the level of residues, in sediment to which non-target benthic organisms may be exposed (acute and chronic exposure).

(d) Predicted environmental concentration in groundwater (PECGW) : the level of residues in groundwater.

(e) Predicted environmental concentration in air (PECA) : the level of residues in air, to which man, animals and other non-target organisms may be exposed (acute and chronic exposure).

1.3. For the estimation of these concentrations all relevant information on the plant protection product and on the active substance shall be taken into account. Where relevant the parameters set out in Section 7 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 shall be used.

1.4. When models are used for estimation of predicted environmental concentrations they shall:

— make a best-possible estimation of all relevant processes involved taking into account realistic parameters and assumptions,

— where possible be reliably validated with measurements carried out under circumstances relevant for the use of the model,

— be relevant to the conditions in the area of use.

1.5. The information provided shall, where relevant, include that referred to in Section 7 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

2. For solid plant protection products, treated and coated seeds there shall be an assessment of the risk from dust drift on to non-target species during application or sowing. Until agreed dust dissipation rates are available, then likely exposure levels shall be determined using a range of application techniques, suitable dust measurement methodology and, where appropriate, mitigation measures.

9.1. Fate and behaviour in soil

9.1.1. Rate of degradation in soil

9.1.1.1. Laboratory studies

Laboratory studies on soil degradation shall provide best possible estimates of the time required for degradation of 50 % and 90 % (DegT50lab and DegT90lab) of the active substance under laboratory conditions.

Circumstances in which required

The persistence and behaviour of plant protection products in soil shall be investigated unless it is possible to extrapolate from data obtained on the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products in accordance with the requirements set out in point 7.1.2.1 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

Where it is not possible to extrapolate from anaerobic incubation data obtained on the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products in accordance with the requirements set out in point 7.1.2.1 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013, an anaerobic degradation study shall be submitted unless the applicant shows that exposure of the plant protection product containing the active substance to anaerobic conditions is unlikely to occur for the intended uses.

Test conditions

Studies on the rate of aerobic degradation of the active substance shall be reported for at least four soils. Soil properties shall be comparable to those used for the aerobic studies performed in accordance with point 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.1 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013. Reliable DegT50 and 90 values shall be available for a minimum of four different soils.

Studies on the rate of anaerobic degradation of the active substance shall be carried out using the same procedure and comparable soil as for the anaerobic study performed in accordance with point 7.1.1.2 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

The kinetic formation fraction and degradation rates of potentially relevant metabolites shall be established, in the studies under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions by extension of the study for the active substance, where it is not possible to extrapolate from points 7.1.2.1.2 and 7.1.2.1.4 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

In order to assess the influence of temperature on degradation, a calculation with an adequate Q10 factor or an adequate number of additional studies at a range of temperatures shall be performed.

Reliable DegT50 and 90 values for metabolites, breakdown and reaction products shall be provided for at least three soils from the studies under aerobic conditions.

9.1.1.2. Field studies

9.1.1.2.1. Soil dissipation studies

The soil dissipation studies shall provide best-possible estimates of the time taken for dissipation of 50 % and 90 % (DisT50field and DisT90field) and if possible the time taken for degradation of 50 % and 90 % (DegT50field and DegT90field), of the active substance under field conditions. Where relevant, information on metabolites, breakdown and reaction products shall be reported.

Circumstances in which required

The dissipation and behaviour of plant protection products in soil shall be investigated unless it is possible to extrapolate from data obtained on the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products in accordance with the requirements set out in point 7.1.2.2.1 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

Test conditions

Individual studies on a range of representative soils (normally at least four different types at different geographical locations) shall be continued until at least 90% of the amount applied has dissipated from the soil or been transformed to substances that are not the subject of the investigation.

9.1.1.2.2. Soil accumulation studies

The tests shall provide sufficient data to evaluate the possibility of accumulation of residues of the active substance and of metabolites, breakdown and reaction products.

Circumstances in which required

Soil accumulation studies shall be reported unless it is possible to extrapolate from data obtained on the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products in accordance with the requirements set out in point 7.1.2.2.2 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

Test conditions

Long term field studies shall be performed on at least two relevant soils at different geographical locations and involve multiple applications.

In absence of guidance being included in the list referred to under point 6 of the introduction, the type and conditions of the study to be performed shall be discussed with the national competent authorities.

9.1.2. Mobility in soil

The information made available shall provide sufficient data to evaluate the mobility and leaching potential of the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products.

9.1.2.1. Laboratory studies

Circumstances in which required

The mobility of plant protection products in soil shall be investigated unless it is possible to extrapolate from data obtained in accordance with the requirements set out in points 7.1.2 and 7.1.3.1 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

Test conditions

The same provisions as provided under points 7.1.2 and 7.1.3.1 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 apply.

9.1.2.2. Lysimeter studies

Lysimeter studies shall be performed, where necessary, to provide information on:

— the mobility in soil,

— the potential for leaching to ground water,

— the potential distribution in soil.

Circumstances in which required

The decision whether lysimeter studies are to be carried out, as an experimental outdoor study in the framework of a tiered leaching assessment scheme shall take into account the results of degradation and mobility studies and the calculated PECGW. The type of study to be conducted shall be discussed with the national competent authorities.

These studies shall be performed unless it is possible to extrapolate from data obtained on the active substance and metabolites, breakdown and reaction products in accordance with the requirements set out in point 7.1.4.2 of Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 283/2013.

Test conditions

Studies shall cover the realistic worst case situation, and the duration necessary for observation of potential leaching, taking into account the soil type, climatic conditions, the application rate and the frequency and period of application.

Water percolating from soil columns shall be analysed at suitable intervals, while residues in plant material shall be determined at harvest. Residues in the soil profile in at least five layers shall be determined on termination of experimental work. Intermediate sampling shall be avoided, since removal of plants (except for harvesting in accordance with normal agricultural practice) and soil influence the leaching process.

Precipitation, soil and air temperatures shall be recorded at regular intervals, at least on a weekly base.

The depth of the lysimeters shall be at least 100 cm. The soil cores shall be undisturbed. Soil temperatures shall be similar to those pertaining in the field. Where necessary, supplementary irrigation shall be provided to ensure optimal plant growth and to ensure that the quantity of percolation water is similar to that in the regions for which authorisation is sought. When during the study the soil has to be disturbed for agricultural reasons it shall not be disturbed deeper than 25 cm.

9.1.2.3. Field leaching studies

Field leaching studies shall be performed, where necessary, to provide information on:

— the mobility in soil,

— the potential for leaching to ground water,

— the potential distribution in soil.

Circumstances in which required

The decision whether field leaching studies are to be carried out, as an experimental outdoor study in the framework of a tiered