Name Alias Date of birth/place of birth Identifying information Reasons Date of designation

Frank Kakolele BWAMBALE Frank Kakorere Frank Kakorere Bwambale Congolese FARDC General, without posting as of June 2011. Left the CNDP in January 2008. As of June 2011, resides in Kinshasa. Since 2010, Kakolele has been involved in activities apparently on behalf of the DRC government’s Programme de Stabilisation et Reconstruction des Zones Sortant des Conflits Armés (STAREC), including participation in a STAREC mission to Goma and Beni in March 2011. Former RCD-ML leader, exercising influence over policies and maintaining command and control over the activities of RCD-ML forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), responsible for trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. 1.11.2005

Gaston IYAMUREMYE Rumuli Byiringiro Victor Rumuli Victor Rumuri Michel Byiringiro 1948 Musanze District (Northern Province), Rwanda Ruhengeri, Rwanda Rwandan FDLR President and 2nd Vice-President of FDLR-FOCA As of June 2011, based at Kalonge, North Kivu Province. Brigadier General According to multiple sources, including the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee’s Group of Experts, Gaston Iyamuremye is the second vice president of the FDLR and is considered a core member of the FDLR military and political leadership. Gaston Iyamuremye also ran Ignace Murwanashyaka’s (President of the FDLR) office in Kibua, DRC until December 2009. 1.12.2010

Jérôme KAKWAVU BUKANDE Jérôme Kakwavu Commandant Jérôme Goma Congolese Given the rank of General in the FARDC in December 2004. As of June 2011, detained in Makala Prison in Kinshasa. On 25 March 2011, the High Military Court in Kinshasa opened a trial against Kakwavu for war crimes. Former President of UCD/FAPC. FAPC’s control of illegal border posts between Uganda and the DRC - a key transit route for arms flows. exercised influence over policies and command and control over the activities of FAPC forces, which were involved in arms trafficking and, consequently, in violations of the arms embargo. Given the rank of General in the FARDC in December 2004. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri in 2002. One of five senior FARDC officers who had been accused of serious crimes involving sexual violence and whose cases the Security Council had brought to the Government’s attention during its visit in 2009. 1.11.2005

Germain KATANGA Congolese Appointed General in the FARDC in December 2004. Handed over by the Government of the DRC to the International Criminal Court on 18 October 2007. His trial began in November 2009. FRPI chief. Involved in weapons transfers, in violation of the arms embargo. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri from 2002 to 2003. 1.11.2005

Thomas LUBANGA Ituri Congolese Arrested in Kinshasa in March 2005 for UPC/L involvement in human rights abuses violations. Transferred to the ICC by the Congolese authorities on 17 March 2006. His trial began in January 2009 and is due to close in 2011. President of the UPC/L, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in the trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri from 2002 to 2003. 1.11.2005

Khawa Panga MANDRO Kawa Panga Kawa Panga Mandro Kawa Mandro Yves Andoul Karim Mandro Panga Kahwa Yves Khawa Panga Mandro ‘Chief Kahwa’ ‘Kawa’ 20 August 1973, Bunia Congolese Placed in prison in Bunia in April 2005 for sabotage of the Ituri peace process. Arrested by Congolese authorities in October 2005, acquitted by the Court of Appeal in Kisangani, subsequently transferred to the judicial authorities in Kinshasa on new charges of crimes against humanity, war crimes, murder, aggravated assault and battery. As of June 2011 detained at Makala Central Prison, Kinshasa. Ex-President of PUSIC, one of the armed groups and militia referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003) involved in arms trafficking, in violation of the arms embargo. In prison in Bunia since 04/05 for sabotage of the Ituri peace process. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children from 2001 to 2002. 1.11.2005

Callixte MBARUSHIMANA 24 July 1963, Ndusu/Ruhen geri Northern Province, Rwanda Rwandan Arrested in Paris on 3 October 2010 under ICC warrant for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by FDLR troops in the Kivus in 2009 and transferred to The Hague on 25 January 2011. Executive Secretary of the FDLR and Vice-President of the FDLR military high command until his arrest. Political/Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, per Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP 4 (b). 3.3.2009

Iruta Douglas MPAMO Mpano Douglas Iruta Mpamo 28 December 1965, Bashali, Masisi 29 December 1965, Goma, DRC (formerly Zaire) Uvira Congolese As of June 2011, resides in Gisenyi, Rwanda. No known occupation since two of the planes managed by Great Lakes Business Company (GLBC) crashed. Owner/Manager of the Compagnie Aérienne des Grands Lacs and of Great Lakes Business Company, whose aircraft were used to provide assistance to armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003). Also responsible for disguising information on flights and cargo apparently to allow for the violation of the arms embargo. 1.11.2005

Sylvestre MUDACUMURA Known as: ‘Radja’ ‘Mupenzi Bernard’ ‘General Major Mupenzi’ ‘General Mudacumura’ Rwandan Military commander of FDLR-FOCA, also political 1st Vice- President and head of FOCA High Command, thus combining overall military and political command functions since the arrests of FDLR leaders in Europe. As of June 2011, based at Kikoma forest, near Bogoyi, Walikale, North Kivu. FDLR commander, exercising influence over policies, and maintaining command and control over the activities of FDLR forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. Mudacumura (or staff) was in telephone communication with FDLR leader Murwanashyaka in Germany, including at the time of the Busurungi Massacre May 2009, and military commander Major Guillaume during Umoja Wetu and Kimia II operations in 2009. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for 27 cases of recruitment and use of children by troops under his command in North Kivu from 2002 to 2007. 1.11.2005

Leodomir MUGARAGU Manzi Leon Leo Manzi 1954 1953 Kigali, Rwanda Rushashi (Northern Province), Rwanda Rwandan FDLR-FOCA Chief of Staff, in charge of administration. As of June 2011, based at the FDLR HQ at Kikoma forest, Bogoyi, Walikale, North Kivu. According to open-source and official reporting, Leodomir Mugaragu is the Chief of Staff of the Forces Combattantes Abucunguzi/Combatant Force for the Liberation of Rwanda (FOCA), the FDLR’s armed wing. According to official reporting Mugaragu is a senior planner for FDLR’s military operations in the eastern DRC. 1.12.2010

Leopold MUJYAMBERE Musenyeri Achille Frere Petrus Ibrahim 17 March 1962, Kigali, Rwanda Est. 1966 Rwandan As of June 2011, Commander of the South Kivu operational sector now called ‘Amazon’ of FDLRFOCA. Based at Nyakaleke (south-east of Mwenga, South Kivu). Commander of the Second Division of FOCA / the Reserve Brigades (an FDLR armed branch). Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP 4 (b). In evidence collated by the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee Group of Experts, detailed in its report of 13 February 2008, girls recovered from FDLR-FOCA had previously been abducted and sexually abused. Since mid-2007, FDLR-FOCA, which previously recruited boys in their mid to late teens, has been forcefully recruiting youth from the age of 10 years. The youngest are then used as escorts, and older children are deployed as soldiers on the frontline, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP4 (d) and (e). 3.3.2009

Dr. Ignace MURWANASHYAKA Ignace 14 May 1963, Butera (Rwanda) Ngoma, Butare (Rwanda) Rwandan Arrested by German authorities on 17 November 2009. Replaced by Gaston Iamuremye, alias ‘Rumuli’ as President of FDLR-FOCA. Murwanashyaka’s trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by FDLR troops in DRC in 2008 and 2009 began on 4 May 2011 in a German court. President of the FDLR, and supreme commander of the FDLR armed forces exercising influence over policies, and maintaining command and control over the activities of FDLR forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. In telephone communication with FDLR military field commanders (including during the Busurungi May 2009 massacre); gave military orders to the high command; involved in coordinating the transfer of arms and ammunition to FDLR units and relaying specific instructions for use; managing large sums of money raised through illicit sale of natural resources in areas of FDLR control (pg.24-25, 83) According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he held command responsibility as President and military commander of FDLR for recruitment and use of children by the FDLR in Eastern Congo. 1.11.2005

Straton MUSONI IO Musoni 6 April 1961 (possibly 4 June 1961) Mugambazi, Kigali, Rwanda Rwandan Musoni’s trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by FDLR troops in DRC in 2008 and 2009 began on 4 May 2011 in a German court. Replaced as 1st Vice-President of the FDLR by Sylvestre Mudacumura. Through his leadership of the FDLR, a foreign armed group operating in the DRC, Musoni is impeding the disarmament and voluntary repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups, in breach of resolution 1649 (2005). 29.3.2007

Jules MUTEBUTSI Jules Mutebusi Jules Mutebuzi Colonel Mutebutsi 1964, Minembwe South Kivu Congolese Former FARDC Deputy Military Regional Commander of 10th Military Region in April 2004, dismissed for indiscipline. In December 2007, he was arrested by Rwandan authorities when he tried to cross the border into the DRC. He has lived since in semi-liberty in Kigali (not authorized to leave the country). Joined forces with other renegade elements of former RCDG to take town of Bukavu in May 04 by force. Implicated in the receipt of weapons outside of FARDC structures and provision of supplies to armed groups and militia mentioned in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), in violation of the arms embargo. 1.11.2005

Mathieu, Chui NGUDJOLO Cui Ngudjolo Arrested by MONUC in Bunia in October 2003. Surrendered by the Government of the DRC to the International Criminal Court on 7 February 2008. FNI Chief of Staff and former Chief of Staff of the FRPI, exercising influence over policies and maintaining command and control the activities of FRPI forces, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), responsible for trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children under 15 years old in Ituri in 2006. 1.11.2005

Floribert Ngabu NJABU Floribert Njabu Floribert Ndjabu Floribert Ngabu Ndjabu Under house arrest in Kinshasa from March 2005 for FNI involvement in human rights abuses. Transferred to The Hague on 27 March 2011 to testify in the ICC Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo trials. President of FNI, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in the trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. 1.11.2005

Laurent NKUNDA Nkunda Mihigo Laurent Laurent Nkunda Bwatare Laurent Nkundabatware Laurent Nkunda Mahoro Batware Laurent Nkunda Batware ‘Chairman’ ‘General Nkunda’ ‘Papa Six’ 6 February 1967 North Kivu/Rutshuru 2 February 1967 Congolese Former RCD-G General. Founder, National Congress for the People’s Defense, 2006; Senior Officer, Rally for Congolese Democracy-Goma (RCD-G), 1998-2006; Officer Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), 1992-1998. Laurent Nkunda was arrested by Rwandan authorities in Rwanda in January 2009 and replaced as the commander of the CNDP. Since then, he has been under house arrest in Kigali, Rwanda. DRC Government’s request to extradite Nkunda for crimes committed in eastern DRC has been refused by Rwanda. In 2010, Nkunda’s appeal for illegal detention was rejected by Rwandan court in Gisenyi, ruling that the matter should be examined by a military court. Nkunda’s lawyers initiated a procedure with the Rwandan Military Court. Retains some influence over certain elements of the CNDP. Former RCD-G General. Joined forces with other renegade elements of former RCD-G to take Bukavu in May 04 by force. In receipt of weapons outside of FARDC in violation of the arms embargo. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for 264 cases of recruitment and use of children by troops under his command in North Kivu from 2002 to 2009. 1.11.2005

Felicien NSANZUBUKI-RE Fred Irakeza 1967 Murama, Kinyinya, Rubungo, Kigali, Rwanda Rwandan 1st battalion leader of the FDLR-FOCA, based in the Uvira-Sange area of South Kivu. A member of the FDLR since at least 1994 and operating in eastern DRC since October 1998. As of June 2011, based in Magunda, Mwenga territory, South Kivu. Felicien Nsanzubukire supervised and coordinated the trafficking of ammunition and weapons between at least November 2008 and April 2009 from the United Republic of Tanzania, via Lake Tanganyika, to FDLR units based in the Uvira and Fizi areas of South Kivu. 1.12.2010

Pacifique NTAWUNGUKA Colonel Omega Nzeri Israel Pacifique Ntawungula 1 January 1964, Gaseke, Gisenyi Province, Rwanda Est. 1964 Rwandan Commander, Operational Sector North Kivu ‘SONOKI’ of FDLR-FOCA. As of June 2011, based at Matembe, North Kivu. Received military training in Egypt Commander of the First Division of FOCA (an FDLR armed wing). Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP 4 (b). In evidence collated by the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee Group of Experts, detailed in its report of 13 February 2008, girls recovered from FDLR-FOCA had previously been abducted and sexually abused. Since mid-2007, FDLR-FOCA, which previously recruited boys in their mid to late teens, has been forcefully recruiting youth from the age of 10 years. The youngest are then used as escorts, and older children are deployed as soldiers on the frontline, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP4 (d) and (e). 3.3.2009

James NYAKUNI Ugandan Trade partnership with Jérôme Kakwavu, particularly smuggling across the DRC/Uganda border, including suspectted smuggling of weapons and military material in unchecked trucks. Violation of the arms embargo and provision of assistance to armed groups and militia referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), including financial support that allows them to operate militarily. 1.11.2005

Stanislas NZEYIMANA Deogratias Bigaruka Izabayo Bigaruka Bigurura Izabayo Deo Jules Mateso Mlamba 1 January 1966, Mugusa (Butare), Rwanda Est. 1967 Alt. 28 August 1966 Rwandan Deputy commander of the FDLR-FOCA. As of June 2011, based at Mukoberwa, North Kivu. Deputy Commander of the FOCA (an FDLR armed branch). Military leader of a foreign armed group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, impeding the disarmament and the voluntary repatriation and resettlement of combatants, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP 4 (b). In evidence collated by the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee Group of Experts, detailed in its report of 13 February 2008, girls recovered from FDLR-FOCA had previously been abducted and sexually abused. Since mid-2007, FDLR-FOCA, which previously recruited boys in their mid to late teens, has been forcefully recruiting youth from the age of 10 years. The youngest are then used as escorts, and older children are deployed as soldiers on the frontline, in violation of Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) OP4 (d) and (e). 3.3.2009

Dieudonné OZIA MAZIO Ozia Mazio ‘Omari’ ‘Mr Omari’ 6 June 1949, Ariwara Congolese While president of the Fédération des entreprises congolaises (FEC) in Aru territory, Dieudonné Ozia Mazio is believed to have died in Ariwara on 23 September 2008 Financial schemes with Commandant Jerome and FAPC and smuggling across the DRC/Uganda border, allowing supplies and cash to be made available to Commandant Jerome and his troops. Violation of the arms embargo, including by providing assistance to armed groups and militia referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003). 1.11.2005

Bosco TAGANDA Bosco Ntaganda Bosco Ntagenda General Taganda ‘Lydia’ when he was part of APR. ‘Terminator’ Call sign ‘Tango Romeo’ or ‘Tango’ ‘Major’ 1973-74 Bigogwe, Rwanda Congolese Born in Rwanda, he moved to Nyamitaba, Masisi territory, North Kivu, when he was a child. As of June 2011, he resides in Goma and owns large farms in Ngungu area, Masisi territory, North Kivu. Nominated FARDC Brigadier-General by Presidential Decree on 11 December 2004, following Ituri peace agreements. Formerly Chief of Staff in CNDP and became CNDP military commander since the arrest of Laurent Nkunda in January 2009. Since January 2009, de facto Deputy Commander of consecutive anti-FDLR operations ‘Umoja Wetu’, ‘Kimia II’, and ‘Amani Leo’ in North and South Kivu. UPC/L military commander, exercising influence over policies and maintaining command and control over the activities of UPC/L, one of the armed groups and militias referred to in paragraph 20 of Res. 1493 (2003), involved in the trafficking of arms, in violation of the arms embargo. He was appointed General in the FARDC in December 2004 but refused to accept the promotion, therefore remaining outside of the FARDC. According to the Office of the SRSG on Children and Armed Conflict, he was responsible for recruitment and use of children in Ituri in 2002 and 2003, and 155 cases of direct and/or command responsibility for recruitment and use of children in North Kivu from 2002 to 2009. As CNDP Chief of Staff, had direct and command responsibility for the massacre at Kiwanja (November 2008) 1.11.2005

Innocent ZIMURINDA September 1, 1972 1975 Ngungu, Masisi Territory, North Kivu Province, DRC Congolese. Colonel in the FARDC. Integrated in the FARDC in 2009 as a Lieutenant Colonel, brigade commander in FARDC Kimia II Ops, based in Ngungu area. In July 2009, Zimurinda was promoted to full Colonel and became FARDC Sector commander in Ngungu and subsequently in Kitchanga in FARDC Kimia II and Amani Leo Operations. Whereas Zimurinda did not appear in the 31 December 2010 DRC Presidential ordinance nominating high FARDC officers, Zimurinda de facto maintained his command position of FARDC 22nd sector in Kitchanga and wears the newly issued FARDC rank and uniform. He remains loyal to Bosco Ntaganda. In December 2010, recruitment activities carried out by elements under the command of Zimurinda were denounced in open source reports. According to multiple sources, Lt Col Innocent Zimurinda, in his capacity as one of the commanders of the FARDC 231st Brigade, gave orders that resulted in the massacre of over 100 Rwandan refugees, mostly women and children, during an April 2009 military operation in the Shalio area. The UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee’s Group of Experts reported that Lt Col Innocent Zimurinda was witnessed first hand refusing to release three children from his command in Kalehe, on August 29, 2009. According to multiple sources, Lt Col Innocent Zimurinda, prior to the CNDP’s integration into FARDC, participated in a November 2008 CNDP operation that resulted in the massacre of 89 civilians, including women and children, in the region of Kiwanja. In March 2010, 51 human rights groups working in eastern DRC alleged that Zimurinda was responsible for multiple human rights abuses involving the murder of numerous civilians, including women and children, between February 2007 and August 2007. Lt Col Innocent Zimurinda was accused in the same complaint of responsibility for the rape of a large number of women and girls. According to a May 21, 2010, statement by the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, Innocent Zimurinda has been involved in the arbitrary execution of child soldiers, including during operation Kimia II. According to the same statement, he denied access by the UN Mission in the DRC (MONUC) to screen troops for minors. According to the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee’s Group of Experts, Lt Col Zimurinda holds direct and command responsibility for child recruitment and for maintaining children within troops under his command. 1.12.2010

Jamil MUKULU Professor Musharaf Steven Alirabaki David Kyagulanyi Musezi Talengelanimiro Mzee Tutu Abdullah Junjuaka Alilabaki Kyagulanyi 1965 Alternative date of birth: 1 January 1964 Ntoke VillageNtenjeru Sub CountyKayunga DistrictUganda Ugandan Head of the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) Commander, Allied Democratic Forces According to open-source and official reporting, including the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee’s Group of Experts’ reports, Jamil Mukulu is the military leader of the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a foreign armed group operating in the DRC that impedes the disarmament and voluntary repatriation or resettlement of ADF combatants, as described in paragraph 4(b) of resolution 1857 (2008). 12.10.2011

Hussein Muhammad Nicolas Luumu Talengelanimiro The UNSC DRC Sanction Committee’s Group of Experts has reported that Jamil Mukulu has provided leadership and material support to the ADF, an armed group operating in the territory of the DRC. According to multiple sources including the UNSC DRC Sanctions Committee’s Group of Experts’ reports, Jamil Mukulu has also continued to exercise influence over the policies, provided financing, and maintained direct command and control over the activities of ADF forces in the field, including overseeing links with international terrorist networks.

Ntabo Ntaberi SHEKA 4 April 1976 Walikale Territory Democratic Republic of the Congo Congolese Commander-in-Chief, Nduma Defence of Congo, Mayi Mayi Sheka group Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka, Commander-in-Chief of the political branch of the Mayi Mayi Sheka, is the political leader of a Congolese armed group that impedes the disarmament, demobilisation, or reintegration of combatants. The Mayi Mayi Sheka is a Congo-based militia group that operates from bases in Walikale territory in eastern DRC. The Mayi Mayi Sheka group has carried out attacks on mines in eastern DRC, including taking over the Bisiye mines and extorting from locals. Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka has also committed serious violations of international law involving the targeting of children. Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka planned and ordered a series of attacks in Walikale territory from 30 July to 2 August 2010, to punish local populations accused of collaborating with Congolese government forces. In the course of the attacks, children were raped and were abducted, subjected to forced labour and subjected to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment. The Mayi Mayi Sheka militia group also forcibly recruits boys and holds children in their ranks from recruitment drives. 28.11.2011

MAKENGA, Sultani Colonel Sultani Makenga Emmanuel Sultani Makenga 25 December 1973 Rutshuru, Democratic Republic of Congo Congolese A military leader of the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23) group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sultani Makenga is a military leader of the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23) group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). As a leader of M23 (also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army), Sultani Makenga has committed and is responsible for serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction, and forced displacement. He has also been responsible for violations of international law related to M23’s actions in recruiting or using children in armed conflict in the DRC. Under the command of Sultani Makenga, M23 has carried out extensive atrocities against the civilian population of the DRC. According to testimonies and reports, the militants operating under the command of Sultani Makenga have conducted rapes throughout Rutshuru territory against women and children, some of whom have been as young as 8 years old, as part of a policy to consolidate control in Rutshuru territory. Under Makenga’s command, M23 has conducted extensive forced recruitment campaigns of children in the DRC and in the region, as well as killing, maiming, and injuring scores of children. Many of the forced child recruits have been under the age of 15. Makenga has also been reported to be the recipient of arms and related materiel in violation of measures taken by the DRC to implement the arms embargo, including domestic ordinances on the importing and possession of arms and related materiel. Makenga’s actions as the leader of M23 have included serious violations of international law and atrocities against the civilian population of the DRC, and have aggravated the conditions of insecurity, displacement, and conflict in the region. 12.11.2012

NGARUYE WA MYAMURO, Baudoin Colonel Baudoin NGARUYE 1978, Lusamambo, Lubero territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Military leader of the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23) FARDC ID: 1-78-09-44621-80 In April 2012, Ngaruye commanded the ex-CNDP mutiny, known as the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23), under the orders of General Ntaganda. He is currently the third highest ranking military commander within the M23. The Group of experts on the DRC previously recommended him for designation in 2008 and 2009. He is responsible for and has committed severe violations of human rights and international law. He recruited and trained hundreds of children between 2008 and 2009 and then towards the end of 2010 for the M23. He has committed killing, maiming and abductions, often targeting women. He is responsible for executions and torture of deserters within the M23. In 2009 within the FARDC, he gave the orders to kill all men in Shalio village of Walikale. He also provided weapons, munitions and salaries in Masisi and Walikale under the direct orders from Ntaganda. In 2010 he orchestrated the forced displacement and expropriation of populations in the area of Lukopfu. He has also been extensively involved in criminal networks within the FARDC deriving profits from the mineral trade which led to tensions and violence with Colonel Innocent Zimurinda in 2011. 30.11.2012

KAINA, Innocent Colonel Innocent KAINA India Queen Bunagana, Rutshuru territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo Innocent Kaina is currently a Sector commander in the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23). He is responsible for and has committed serious violations of international law and human rights. In July 2007 the Garrison Military Tribunal of Kinshasa found Kaina responsible for crime against humanity committed in the District of Ituri, between May 2003 and December 2005. He was released in 2009 as part of the peace agreement between the Congolese government and the CNDP. Within the FARDC in 2009, he has been guilty of executions, abductions and maiming in Masisi territory. As Commander under the orders of General Ntaganda, he initiated the ex-CNDP mutiny in Rutshuru territory in April 2012. He ensured the security of the mutineers out of Masisi. Between May and August 2012, he oversaw the recruitment and training of over 150 children for the M23 rebellion, shooting the boys who had tried to escape. In July 2012 he travelled to Berunda and Degho for mobilization and recruitment activities for the M23. 30.11.2012

BADEGE, Eric 1971 According to a 15 November 2012, final report by the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ‘… LTL. Col. Eric Badege had become the focal point of M23 in Masisi and commanded joint operations …’ with another military leader. Additionally, ‘a series of coordinated attacks carried out in August [2012] by LTL. Col. Badege … enabled M23 to destabilize a considerable part of Masisi territory.’‘According to former combatants, LTL Col. Badege … acted under the orders of Col. Makenga when he orchestrated the attacks.’ 31.12.2012

As a military commander of M23, Badege is responsible for serious violations involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, there have been several major incidents of indiscriminate killings of civilians, including women and children. Since May 2012 Raia Mutomboki, under the command of M23, have killed hundreds of civilians in a series of coordinated attacks. In August, Badege carried out joint attacks which involved the indiscriminate killing of civilians. The November Group of Experts report states that these attacks were jointly orchestrated by Badege and Colonel Makoma Semivumbi Jacques. According to the Group of Experts Report, local leaders from Masisi stated that Badege commanded these Raia Mutomboki attacks on the ground.

According to a 28 July 2012, Radio Okapi article, ‘the administrator of Masisi announced this Saturday, 28 July, the defection of the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 410th Regiment FARDC base Nabiondo, about thirty kilometres northwest of Goma in North Kivu. According to him, Colonel Eric Badege and more than a hundred soldiers headed Friday to Rubaya, 80 kilometres north of Nabiondo. This information has been confirmed by several sources.’ According to a 23 November 2012 BBC article, M23 was formed when former members of the CNDP who had been integrated into the FARDC began to protest against bad conditions and pay, and lack of full implementation of the 23 March 2009 peace deal between the CNDP and the DRC that led to the CNDP’s integration into the FARDC.

M23 has been engaged in active military operations in order to take control of territory in eastern DRC, according to the November 2012 IPIS report. M23 and FARDC fought over control of several towns and villages in eastern DRC on 24 July and 25 July 2012; M23 attacked the FARDC in Rumangabo on 26 July 2012; M23 drove FARDC from Kibumba on 17 November 2012; and M23 took control of Goma on 20 November 2012. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, several ex-M23 combatants claim that M23 leaders summarily executed dozens of children who attempted to escape after being recruited as M23 child soldiers.

According to an 11 September 2012 report by Human Rights Watch (HRW), a Rwandan man, 18, who escaped after being forcibly recruited in Rwanda told HRW that he witnessed the execution of a 16-year-old boy from his M23 unit who had tried to flee in June. The boy was captured and beaten to death by M23 fighters in front of the other recruits. An M23 commander who ordered his killing then allegedly told the other recruits ‘[h]e wanted to abandon us,’ as an explanation for why the boy had been killed. The report also states that witnesses claimed that at least 33 new recruits and other M23 fighters were summarily executed when they attempted to flee. Some were tied up and shot in front of other recruits as an example of the punishment they could receive. One young recruit told HRW, ‘[w]hen we were with M23, they said [we had a choice] and could stay with them or we could die. Lots of people tried to escape. Some were found and then that was immediately their death.’

RUNIGA, Jean-Marie Lugerero Approximately 1960 A 9 July 2012 document signed by M23 leader Sultani Makenga named Runiga as the coordinator of the political wing of M23. According to the document, Runiga’s appointment was prompted by the need to ensure the visibility of the M23 cause. Runiga is named as the ‘President’ of the M23 in postings on the group’s website. His leadership role is corroborated by the November 2012 Group of Experts report, which refers to Runiga as the ‘leader of the M23’. 31.12.2012

According to a 13 December 2012 Associated Press article, Runiga showed the Associated Press a list of demands that he said will be presented to the Congolese government. Included in the demands are the resignation of Kabila and the dissolution of the national assembly. Runiga indicated that if given the opportunity, M23 could retake Goma. ‘And at this time we will not retreat,’ Runiga told the Associated Press. He also indicated that M23’s political branch should resume its control of Goma as a precondition to negotiations. ‘I think our members who are in Kampala represent us. In due time I will be there, too. I am waiting for things to be organised and when Kabila will be there, I will go, too,’ Runiga said.

According to a 26 November 2012Le Figaro article, Runiga met with DRC President Kabila on 24 November 2012 to begin discussions. Separately, in an interview with Le Figaro, Runiga stated, ‘M23 is composed primarily of former FARDC military members who defected to protest the non-respect of the 23 March 2009 accords.’ He added, ‘M23’s soldiers are deserters from the army who left with their arms in hand. Recently, we recovered a lot of equipment from a military base in Bunagana. For the moment, this allows us to regain territory each day and to repel all the attacks from the FARDC … Our revolution is Congolese, led by the Congolese, for the Congolese people.’ According to a 22 November 2012 Reuters article, Runiga stated that M23 had the capacity to hang on to Goma after M23’s forces were bolstered by mutinying Congolese soldiers from the FARDC: ‘Firstly we have a disciplined army, and also we have the FARDC soldiers who’ve joined us. They’re our brothers, they’ll be retrained and recycled then we’ll work with them.’

According to a 27 November 2012 article published in The Guardian, Runiga indicated that M23 would refuse to obey a call by regional leaders of the International Conference of the Great Lakes to leave Goma in order to pave the way for peace talks. Instead, Runiga stated that M23’s withdrawal from Goma would be the result, not a precondition, of negotiation. According to the 15 November 2012 Final Report of the Group of Experts, Runiga led a delegation that travelled to Kampala, Uganda on 29 July 2012 and finalised the M23 movement’s 21-point agenda ahead of anticipated negotiations at the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region. According to a 23 November 2012 BBC article, M23 was formed when former members of the CNDP who had been integrated into the FARDC began to protest against bad conditions and pay, and lack of full implementation of the 23 March 2009 peace deal between the CNDP and the DRC that led to the CNDP’s integration into the FARDC.

M23 has been engaged in active military operations in order to take control of territory in eastern DRC, according to the November 2012 IPIS report. M23 and FARDC fought over control of several towns and villages in eastern DRC on 24 July and 25 July 2012; M23 attacked the FARDC in Rumangabo on 26 July 2012; M23 drove FARDC from Kibumba on 17 November 2012; and M23 took control of Goma on 20 November 2012. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, several ex-M23 combatants claim that M23 leaders summarily executed dozens of children who attempted to escape after being recruited as M23 child soldiers.