1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21 December 1977
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the wiper and washer systems
of motor vehicles
(78/318/EEC)
(OJ L 81, 28.3.1978, p. 49)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1 Commission Directive 94/68/EC of 16 December 1994 L 354 1 31.12.1994
Amended by:
►A1 Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the
Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia,the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of
Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak
Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the EuropeanUnion is foundedL 236 33 23.9.2003
Corrected by:
►C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 194, 19.7.1978, p. 30 (78/318/EEC)
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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 21 December 1977
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
the wiper and washer systems of motor vehicles
(78/318/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee (2),
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
pursuant to national laws relate inter alia to their wipers and washers;
Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the same
requirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules, in
order, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval procedure whichwas the subject of Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to thetype-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (
3), as amended by
Directive 78/315/EEC (4), to be introduced in respect of each type of
vehicle;
Whereas it is desirable to draft the technical requirements so that they
have the same aim as the work being carried out on the subject in theUN Economic Commission for Europe;
Whereas these requirements apply to motor vehicles in category M
1(the international classification of motor vehicles is given in Annex I
to Directive 70/156/EEC);
Whereas the approximation of the national laws relating to motor vehi-
cles entails reciprocal recognition by Member States of the checkscarried out by each of them on the basis of the common requirements;
Whereas windscreen-washer systems are already marketed both sepa-
rately and after being fitted to a vehicle; whereas if it is possible to
check them before they are fitted to a vehicle, their free movementmay be facilitated by the introduction of EEC type-approval for suchsystems, which are regarded as separate technical units within themeaning of Article 9a of Directive 70/156/EEC,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any motor vehicle
in cetegory M1(►M1 as defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/
EEC◄) intended for use on the road, having at least four wheels and
a maximum design speed exceeding 25 km/h.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 118, 16. 5. 1977, p. 33.
(2) OJ No C 114, 11. 5. 1977, p. 8.
(3) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.
(4) See page 1 of this Official Journal.
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Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national
type-approval of a vehicle with regard to the windscreen-washer and
windscreen-wiper systems, or of a windscreen-washer system, if:
— such a vehicle satisfies the requirements of ►M1 the relevant
Annexes ◄ relating to the windscreen-washer and windscreen-
wiper systems,
— such a windscreen-washer system regarded as a separate technical
unit►M1 within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 70/156/
EEC◄satisfies the relevant requirements laid down in Annex I,
— such a vehicle is fitted with a windscreen-washer system which has
been granted type-approval as a separate technical unit►
M1 within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 70/156/
EEC◄and has been installed in accordance with the requirements
laid down in 6.2.5 of Annex I.
Article 3
1. No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale, registration,
entry into service or use of any vehicle on grounds relating to:
— its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer systems, if these
satisfy the requirements laid down in ►M1 the relevant
Annexes ◄,
— its windscreen-washer system if this has been granted type-approval
as a separate technical unit ►M1 within the meaning of Article 2
of Directive 70/156/EEC ◄and has been installed in accordance
with the requirements laid down in 6.2.5 of Annex I.
2. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of any
windscreen-washer system regarded as a separate technical unit
►M1 within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC ◄if
it conforms to a type which has been granted type-approval within themeaning of the second indent of Article 2.
Article 4
The Member State which has granted type-approval shall take the
measures required to ensure that it is informed of any modification ofa part or characteristic referred to in ►
M1 2.1◄of Annex I. The
competent authorities of that Member State shall determine whether it
is necessary to carry out further tests on the modified vehicle type andto prepare a new report. If these tests show that the requirements of thisDirective have not been complied with, the modification shall not beauthorized.
Article 5
Any amendments necessary to adapt the requirements of ►
M1 the
Annexes ◄to technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with
the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Directive 70/156/EEC.
However, this procedure shall not apply to amendments introducing
requirements for wiper and washer systems other than for the wind-screen.
Article 6
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in
order to comply with this Directive within 18 months of its notification
and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions
of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directiveare communicated to the Commission.
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 3
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LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex I: ►M1 Scope, definitions, applications for EEC type-approval,
granting of EEC type-approval, specifications, test procedure,
markings, amendments to approvals, conformity of
production ◄► M1 ◄
Annex II: Procedure for determining the H point and the actual seat-back
angle and for verifying the relative positions of the R and H
points and the relationship between the design seat-back angle
and the actual seat-back angle ►M1 ◄
Annex III: Method for determining the dimensional relationship between
the vehicle's primary reference marks and the three-dimensional
reference grid ►M1 ◄
Annex IV: Procedure for determining vision areas on the windscreens of
category M1vehicles in relation to the V points
►M1 ◄
Annex V: Test-mixture specification for windscreen-wiper system and
windscreen-washer system tests ►M1 ◄
Annex VI: ►M1 Information document (vehicle) ◄
Annex VII: ►M1 Information document (separate technical unit) ◄
Annex VIII: Type-approval certificate (Vehicle)
Annex IX: Type-approval certificate (Separate technical unit)1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 4
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ANNEX I
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR THE EEC TYPE-
APPROVAL, SPECIFICATIONS, TEST PROCEDURE, MARKINGS,
AMENDMENTS TO APPROVALS, CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
1. SCOPE
1.1. This Directive applies to the 180º forward field of vision of the
drivers of vehicles in category M1.
1.1.1. Its purpose is to ensure good visibility under adverse weather condi-
tions by specifying the requirements for the windscreen-wiper and
windscreen-washer systems of category M1vehicles.
1.1.2. The requirements of this Directive are so worded as to apply to cate-
gory M1vehicles in which the driver is on the left. In category M1vehicles in which the driver is on the right, these requirements shallbe applied by reversing the criteria where appropriate.
2. DEFINITIONS
►M1 2.1.◄ Vehicle type with regard to its windscreen-wiper and wind-
screen-washer systems
‘Vehicle type with regard to its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-
washer systems’ means vehicles which do not differ in such essential
respects as:
►M1 2.1.1.◄the external and internal forms and arrangements within the
area specified in Section 1 which may affect visibility;
2.1.2. the shape and dimensions of the windscreen and its mountings where
these are likely to affect the vision areas covered by Annex IV;
►M1 2.1.3.◄the characteristics of the windscreen-wiper and windscreen-
washer systems.
►M1 2.2.◄ Three-dimensional reference grid
‘Three-dimensional reference grid’ means a reference system which
consists of a vertical longitudinal plane X-Z, a horizontal plane X-Y
and a vertical transverse plane Y-Z (see figure 2 of Annex III). The
grid is used to determine the dimensional relationships between the
positions of design points on drawings and their position on the
actual vehicle. The procedure for situating the vehicle relative to the
grid is specified in Annex III; all coordinates referred to ground zero
shall be based on a vehicle in running order (as defined in 2.6 of
Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC) plus one front-seat passenger, the
mass of the passenger being 75 kg ± 1%.
►M1 2.2.1.◄Vehicles fitted with suspension enabling their ground clear-
ance to be adjusted shall be tested under the normal conditions of
use specified by the manufacturer.
►M1 2.3.◄ Primary reference marks
‘Primary reference marks’ means holes, surfaces, marks and identifi-
cation signs on the vehicle body. The type of reference mark used
and the position of each mark relative to X, Y and Z coordinates of
the three-dimensional reference grid and to a design ground plane
shall be specified by the vehicle manufacturer. These marks may be
the control points used for body assembly purposes.
►M1 2.4.◄ Actual►M1 torso ◄angle
(See Annex II).1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 5
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►M1 2.5.◄ Design►M1 torso ◄angle
(See Annex II).
►M1 2.6.◄ V points
‘V points’ means points whose position in the passenger compart-
ment is determined by vertical longitudinal planes passing through
the centres of the outermost designated seating positions on the front
seat and in relation to the R point and the design angle of the seat
back, which points are used for verifying compliance with the field
of vision requirements (see Annex IV).
►M1 2.7.◄ R point or seating reference point
(See Annex II).
►M1 2.8.◄ H point
(See Annex II).
►M1 2.9.◄ Windscreen datum points
‘Windscreen datum points’ means points situated at the intersection
with the windscreen of lines radiating forward from the V points to
the outer surface of the windscreen.
►M1 2.10.◄ Transparent area of a windscreen
‘Transparent area of a windscreen’ means that area of a vehicle
windscreen or other glazed surface whose light transmittance,
measured at right angles to the surface, is not less than 70%.
►M1 2.11.◄ Horizontal seat-adjustment range
‘Horizontal seat-adjustment range’ means the range of normal driving
positions designated by the vehicle manufacturer for the adjustment
of the driver's seat in the direction of the X axis (see 2.3).
►M1 2.12.◄ Extended seat-adjustment range
‘Extended seat-adjustment range’ means the range designated by the
vehicle manufacturer for the adjustment of the seat in the direction of
the X axis (see 2.3) beyond the range of normal driving positions
specified in 2.13 and used for converting seats into beds or facili-
tating entry into the vehicle.
►M1 2.13.◄ Windscreen-wiper system
‘Windscreen-wiper system’ means the system consisting of a device
for wiping the outer face of the windscreen, together with the acces-
sories and controls necessary for starting and stopping the device.
►M1 2.14.◄ Windscreen-wiper field
‘Windscreen-wiper field’ means the area of the outer face of a wet
windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper.
►M1 2.15.◄ Windscreen-washer system
‘Windscreen-washer system’ means the system consisting of a device
for storing a fluid and applying it to the outer face of the windscreen,
together with the controls necessary for starting and stopping the
device.
►M1 2.16.◄ Windscreen-washer control
‘Windscreen-washer control’ means a device or accessory for starting
and stopping the windscreen-washer system. Starting and stopping
may be coordinated with the operation of the windscreeen wiper or
be totally independent of it.
►M1 2.17.◄ Windscreen-washer pump
‘Windscreen-washer pump’ means a device for transferring the wind-
screen-washer fluid from the reservoir to the outer face of the
windscreen.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 6
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2.18. Nozzle
‘Nozzle’ means a device which serves to direct the windscreen-
washer fluid on to the windscreen.
►M1 2.19.◄ Performance of a windscreen-washer system
‘Performance of a windscreen-washer system’ means the ability of a
windscreen-washer system to apply fluid to the target area of the
windscreen without leakage or disconnection of a tube of the washer
system occurring when the system is used normally.
3. APPLICATIONS FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
3.1. Application for EEC type-approval for a vehicle type in respect
of its windscreen-wiper and windscreen-washer systems
3.1.1. The application for EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 3(4) of
Directive 70/156/EEC of a vehicle type with regard to its wind-
screen-wiper and windscreen washer systems shall be submitted by
the manufacturer.
3.1.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex VI.
►M1 3.1.3.◄A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved
must be submitted to the technical service conducting the type-
approval tests.
3.2. Application for EEC type-approval for a type of windscreen-
washer system as a separate technical unit
3.2.1. The application for EC type-approval pursuant to Article 3 (4) of
Directive 70/156/EEC for a type of windscreen-washer system as a
separate technical unit shall be submitted by the manufacturer.
3.2.2. A model for the information document is given in Annex VII.
3.2.3. One specimen of the type of system to be approved shall be
submitted to the technical service conducting the type-approval tests.
The technical service may, if necessary, request a further specimen.
The specimens must bear in a clearly legible and indelible manner
the applicant's trade name or mark and an identification of the type.
4. GRANTING OF EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
4.1. If the relevant requirements are satisfied, EEC type-approval
pursuant to Article 4 (3) and 4 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be
granted.
4.2. A model of the EEC type-approval certificate is given in:
4.2.1. Annex VIII for applications referred to in 3.1;
4.2.2. Annex IX for applications referred to in 3.2.
4.3. An approval number in accordance with Annex VII to Directive 70/
156/EEC shall be assigned to each type of vehicle or windscreen
washer system approved. The same Member State shall not assign
the same number to another type of vehicle or windscreen washer
system.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 7
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5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. Windscreen-wiper system
5.1.1. Every vehicle must be equipped with at least one automatic wind-
screen-wiper system, i.e. a system which when the vehicle's engine
is running is able to function without any action by the driver other
than that needed for starting and stopping the windscreen wiper.
5.1.2. The windscreen wiper field must cover not less than 80% of vision
area B as defined in 2.3 of Annex IV.
5.1.2.1. In addition the windscreen wiper field must cover not less than 98%
of vision area A as defined in 2.2 of Annex IV.
5.1.3. The windscreen wiper must have at least two sweep frequencies:5.1.3.1. one of not less than 45 cycles/minute (a cycle being the forward and
return movement of the windscreen wiper);
5.1.3.2. one of not less than 10 and not more than 55 cycles/minute.5.1.3.3. The difference between the highest and at least one of the lower
sweep frequencies must be at least 15 cycles/minute.
5.1.4. the frequencies referred to in point 5.1.3 shall be achieved as set out
in items 6.1.1 to 6.1.6 and 6.1.8.
5.1.5. Intermittent operation windscreen-wiper systems may be used for the
purposes of complying with the requirements of 5.1.3, provided that
one of the frequencies complies with the requirements of 5.1.3.1 and
that one of the other frequencies obtained when the main frequency
is interrupted is not less than 10 cycles/minute.
5.1.6. When the windscreen-wiper system is stopped by the use of the
windscreen-wiper control, the blades must return automatically to
their position of rest.
5.1.7. The system shall be capable of withstanding stalling for 15 seconds.
The use of automatic circuit protection devices is allowed, provided
that for possible resetting no action is required on controls other than
the windscreen-wiper control. The test procedure and conditions are
described in item 6.1.7.
5.1.8. The windscreen wiper field must meet the minimum requirements of
5.1.2 when the wipers are tested at a sweep frequency conforming to
the provisions of 5.1.3.2 under the conditions set out in 6.1.10.
5.1.9. The aerodynamic effects associated with the windscreen's size and
shape, and the efficiency of the windscreen-wiper system, must be
determined under the following conditions:
5.1.9.1. When subjected to a relative air speed equal to 80% of the vehicle's
maximum speed, but not exceeding 160 km/h, the windscreen wiper
systems, operating at maximum frequency, shall continue to sweep a
field as specified in item 5.1.2.1 with the same efficiency and under
the same conditions as set out in item 6.1.10.2.
5.1.10. The wiper-arm mounting must enable the wiper arm to be displaced
from its position on the windscreen so as to allow the windscreen tobe manually cleaned. ►
M1 This requirement does not apply to
devices which, when parked, are in an area of the windscreen which
is hidden from view by parts of the vehicle (such as the bonnet,
instrument panel, etc. …). ◄
5.1.11. The windscreen-wiper system must be capable of operating for two
minutes on a dry windscreen with the outside temperature at −
18 ± 3 ºC under the conditions specified in 6.1.11.
5.2. Windscreen-washer system
5.2.1. Every vehicle must be fitted with a windscreen-washer system which
is capable of withstanding the loads produced when the nozzles are
plugged and the system is actuated in accordance with the procedure
set out in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 8
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5.2.2. The performance of the windscreen washer system shall not be
adversely affected by exposure to the temperature cycles laid down
in points 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.
5.2.3. The windscreen-washer system must be capable of delivering suffi-
cient liquid to clear 60% of the area defined in 2.2 of Annex IV
under the conditions described in 6.2.5 of this Annex.
5.2.4. The capacity of the reservoir containing the liquid must not be less
than one litre.
6. TEST PROCEDURE
6.1. Windscreen-wiper system
6.1.1. The tests described below must be carried out under the following
conditions, unless otherwise specified:
6.1.2. the ambient temperature must not be less than 10 ºC or more than
40 ºC;
6.1.3. the windscreen must be kept constantly wet;6.1.4. in the case of an electric windscreen-wiper system the following
additional conditions must be met:
6.1.4.1. the battery must be fully charged;
6.1.4.2. the engine must be running at 30% of the speed at which it develops
maximum power;
6.1.4.3. the dipped-beam headlamps must be switched on;6.1.4.4. the heating and/or ventilation systems, if fitted, must be operating at
maximum electrical consumption;
6.1.4.5. the defrosting and demisting systems, if fitted, must be operating at
maximum electrical consumption.
6.1.5. Compressed air operated or vacuum operated windscreen-wiper
systems must be able to function continuously at the prescribed
sweep frequencies whatever the engine speed or engine load.
6.1.6. The sweep frequencies of windscreen-wiper systems must comply
with the requirements of 5.1.3 after a preliminary operating time of
20 minutes on a wet surface.
6.1.7. The requirements of 5.1.7 shall be satisfied when the wiper arms are
restrained in their vertical position for a period of 15 seconds with
the windscreen-wiper control set at the maximum sweep frequency.
6.1.8. The outer face of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by
means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After
drying, a solution of ammonia of not less than 3% and not more
than 10% shall be applied. The surface shall be allowed to dry again
and shall then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.
6.1.9. A coating of the test mixture (see Annex V) shall be applied
uniformly to the outer surface of the windscreen and allowed to dry.
6.1.10. For the purpose of measuring the field of the windscreen-wiper
system, prescribed in 5.1.2 and 5.1.2.1, the outer face of the wind-
screen shall be treated as indicated in 6.1.8 and 6.1.9 or by some
other equivalent method.
6.1.10.1. A trace of the windscreen-wiper field shall be made and compared
with a trace of the vision areas specified in 5.1.2 and 5.1.2.1 in order
to verify that the requirements are met.
6.1.10.2. Where the outer face of the windscreen has been prepared as
described in items 6.1.8 and 6.1.9 the windscreen washer may be
used in all of the tests.
6.1.11. The requirements of 5.1.11 shall be met after the vehicle has been in
an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC for a minimum of four hours.
The windscreen-wiper system is to be set to operate under the condi-
tions set out in 6.1.4 with the control at the position of maximum
frequency. There are no requirements regarding the field swept.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 9
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6.2. Windscreen-washer system
Test conditions
6.2.1. Test No 1
6.2.1.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 ºC for a
minimum of four hours. All the nozzles shall be plugged and the
windscreen-washer control actuated six times in one minute, each
time for at least three seconds. If the system is powered by the
muscular energy of the driver, the force applied shall be that shown
in the following table:
Type of pump Force to be applied
hand 11 to 13·5 daN
foot 40 to 44·5 daN
6.2.1.2. For electric pumps, the test voltage must be no less than the rated
voltage without exceeding it by more than two volts.
6.2.1.3. The performance of the windscreen-washer system at the end of the
test must be as defined in 2.21.
6.2.2. Test No 2
The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC for a
minimum of four hours. The windscreen-washer control shall be
actuated six times in one minute, each time for at least three seconds,
using the force prescribed in 6.2.1. The system shall than be placed
in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 ºC until the ice has completely
thawed. The performance of the windscreen-washer system shall then
be verified by actuating it as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.3. Test No 3 (Low-temperature exposure test)
6.2.3.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC for a
minimum of four hours so that the total mass of the water in the
washer system is frozen. ►M1 The system shall then be placed in
an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 C until the ice has completely
thawed, but in any case no longer than four hours. ◄This freeze/
thaw cycle shall be repeated six times. The performance of the wind-
screen-washer system shall then be verified by actuating it as
prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.3.2. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled and fully primed with a
low-temperature windscreen-washer fluid consisting of a 50% solu-
tion of methanol, or alternatively isopropyl alcohol, in water of a
hardness not greater than 205 g/tonne.
6.2.3.2.1. The system shall be placed in an ambient temperature of −18 ± 3 ºC
for a minimum of four hours. The performance of the windscreen-
washer system shall be verified by actuating it as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.4. Test No 4 (High-temperature exposure test)
6.2.4.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water, fully
primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 80 ± 3 ºC for a
minimum of eight hours and then in an ambient temperature of
20 ± 2 ºC. When the temperature has stabilized, the performance of
the windscreen-washer system shall be verified by actuating it as
prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.4.2. If part of the windscreen-washer system is situated in the engine
compartment, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed,
and placed in an ambient temperature of 80 ± 3 ºC for a minimum
of eight hours. The performance of the windscreen-washer system
shall be verified by actuating it as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.4.3. If no part of the windscreen-washer system is situated in the engine
compartment, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and
placed in an ambient temperature of 60 ± 3 ºC for a minimum of1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 10
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eight hours. The performance of the windscreen-washer system shall
be verified by actuating it as prescribed in 6.2.1.
6.2.5. Test No 5 (Windscreen-washer system capability test prescribed in
5.2.3)
6.2.5.1. The windscreen-washer system shall be filled with water and fully
primed.►M1 With the vehicle stationary and no significant wind
effect, the washer nozzle or nozzles, if adjustable, shall be pointed
towards the target area on the outer face of the windscreen. ◄If
the system is powered by the muscular energy of the driver the force
required to do this shall not exceed that specified in 6.2.1.1. If the
system is powered by an electric pump the requirements of 6.1.4
shall apply.
6.2.5.2. The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated as prescribed in
6.1.8 and 6.1.9.
6.2.5.3. The windscreen-washer system shall then be actuated in the manner
indicated by the manufacturer for 10 cycles of automatic operation of
the windscreen-wiper system at maximum frequency and the propor-
tion of the vision area defined in 2.2 of Annex IV that is cleaned
shall then be measured.
6.3. All the windscreen-washer tests described in 6.2.1 to 6.2.4 shall be
carried out on one and the same windscreen-washer system, either
attached to a vehicle of a type for which EEC type-approval has
been sought, or not attached to a vehicle, in the case of a system
for which EEC type-approval as a separate technical unit has been
requested.
7. MARKINGS
7.1. Every windscreen washer system conforming to the type approved
under this Directive as a separate technical unit shall bear an EEC
type-approval mark.
7.2. This mark shall consist of a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’
followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State
which has granted type-approval:
1 for Germany,
2 for France,3 for Italy,4 for the Netherlands,6 for Belgium,
7 for Hungary,
8 for the Czech Republic,
9 for Spain,
11 for the United Kingdom,13 for Luxemburg,18 for Denmark,
20 for Poland,21 for Portugal,
23 for Greece,
26 for Slovenia,
27 for Slovakia,29 for Estonia,32 for Latvia,36 for Lithuania,
IRL for Ireland,
CY for Cyprus,1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 11
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MT for Malta.
It must also include in the vicinity of the rectangle the ‘base approval
number’ contained in section 4 of the type-approval number referred
to in Annex VII of Directive 70/156/EEC, preceded by the two
figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the most recent
major technical amendment to Directive 78/318/EEC on the date
EEC type-approval was granted. In this Directive the sequence
number is 00.
7.3. The EEC type-approval mark must be affixed to the container for the
windscreen washer fluid in such a way as to be indelible and clearly
legible even if the device is fitted to a vehicle.
7.4. An example of the EEC type-approval mark is shown in the
Appendix.
8. MODIFICATIONS OF THE TYPE AND AMENDMENTS TO
APPROVALS
8.1. In the case of modifications of the type approved pursuant to this
Directive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall
apply.
9. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
9.1. Measures to ensure the conformity of production shall be taken in
accordance with the provisions laid down in Article 10 of Directive
70/156/EEC.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 12
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Appendix
Model for the EEC type-approval mark
The windscreen washer system bearing the above EEC type-approval mark is a device which has been
approved in Spain (e 9) under the base approval number 0148 on the basis of this Directive. The
figures used are only indicative.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 13
▼B
ANNEX II
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE H POINT AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND FOR VERIFYING THE RELATIVE POSI-
TIONS OF THE R AND H POINTS AND THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE DESIGN SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND THE ACTUAL
SEAT-BACK ANGLE
Annex III to Council Directive 77/649/EEC shall be applicable.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 14
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▼B
ANNEX III
METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONAL RELATION-
SHIPS BETWEEN THE VEHICLE'S PRIMARY REFERENCE MARKS
AND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL REFERENCE GRID
1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REFERENCE GRID AND VEHICLE'S
PRIMARY REFERENCE MARKS
To verify specific dimensions on or within a vehicle submitted for type-
approval in accordance with this Directive, the relationship between the
coordinates of the three-dimensional reference grid defined in 2.3 of Annex
I, which have been laid out at the initial vehicle-design stage, and the posi-
tions of the primary reference marks defined in 2.4 of Annex I, must be
established accurately so that specific points on the vehicle manufacturer's
drawings can be located on an actual vehicle produced from those drawings.
2. METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP OF REFERENCE
GRID TO REFERENCE MARKS
For this purpose, a ground reference plane shall be constructed, which is
marked with the X-X measurement and the Y-Y measurement. The method
of achieving this is set out in figure 3 of this Annex, the reference plane
being a hard, flat, level surface on which the vehicle stands, and which has
two measuring scales firmly fixed to its surface; these shall be graduated in
millimetres, the X-X scale being not less than 8 m long, and the Y-Y scale
not less than 4 m long. The two scales must be set at right angles to each
other as shown in figure 3 of this Annex. The intersection of the scales is
ground zero.
3. EXAMINATION OF THE REFERENCE PLANE
In order to provide for minor variations in the level of the reference plane or
test area, it is necessary to measure the deviations from ground zero along
both the X and Y scales at intervals of 250 mm and to record the readings
obtained so that corrections can be made when checking the vehicle.
4. ACTUAL TEST ATTITUDE
In order to provide for minor changes in suspension height, etc., it is neces-
sary to have available a means of bringing the primary reference marks to
the correct coordinate positions relative to thedesign attitude before further
measurements are taken. In addition, it must be possible to make minor
lateral and/or longitudinal adjustments to the vehicle's position so as to place
it correctly in relation to the reference grid.
5. RESULTS
The vehicle having been correctly placed relative to the reference grid and in
its design attitude, the site of the necessary points for studying the forward
visibility requirements can be readily determined. Test methods to determine
these requirements may include the use of theodolites, light sources or
shadow devices, or any other method which can be shown to give equivalent
results.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 15
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Figure 1
Determination of ‘V’ points for a seat-back angle of 25º
1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 16
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Figure 2
Three-dimensional reference grid
1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 17
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Figure 3
Level work space
1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 18
▼B
ANNEX IV
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VISION AREAS ON WIND-
SCREENS OF CATEGORY M1VEHICLES IN RELATION TO THE V
POINTS
1. POSITIONS OF THE V POINTS
1.1. The positions of the V points in relation to the R point, as indicated by
XYZ coordinates from the three-dimensional reference grid, are asshown in Tables I and II.
1.2. Table I indicates the basic coordinates for a design seat-back angle of
25º. The positive direction for the coordinates is indicated in figure 1 of
Annex III.
TABLE I
V point X Y Z
V168 mm — 5 mm 665 mm
V268 mm — 5 mm 589 mm
1.3. Correction for design seat-back angles other than 25º
1.3.1. Table II shows the further corrections to be made to the X and Z coordi-
nates of each V point when the design seat-back angle is not 25º. The
positive direction for the coordinates is shown in figure 1 of Annex III.
TABLE II
Seat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆ZSeat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆Z
5 — 186 mm 28 mm 23 — 18 mm 5 mm
6 — 177 mm 27 mm 24 — 9 mm 3 mm
7 — 167 mm 27 mm 25 0 mm 0 mm8 — 157 mm 27 mm 26 9 mm — 3 mm9 — 147 mm 26 mm 27 17 mm — 5 mm
10 — 137 mm 25 mm 28 26 mm — 8 mm
11 — 128 mm 24 mm 29 34 mm — 11 mm12 — 118 mm 23 mm 30 43 mm — 14 mm13 — 109 mm 22 mm 31 51 mm — 18 mm1 4 —9 9m m 2 1m m 3 2 5 9m m —2 1m m
1 5 —9 0m m 2 0m m 3 3 6 7m m —2 4m m
1 6 —8 1m m 1 8m m 3 4 7 6m m —2 8m m1 7 —7 2m m 1 7m m 3 5 8 4m m —3 2m m1 8 —6 2m m 1 5m m 3 6 9 2m m —3 5m m
1 9 —5 3m m 1 3m m 3 7 1 0 0m m —3 9m m
2 0 —4 4m m 1 1m m 3 8 1 0 8m m —4 3m m21 — 35 mm 9 mm 39 115 mm — 48 mm1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 19
▼B
Seat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆ZSeat-back
angle
(in º)Horizontal
coordinates
∆XVertical coor-
dinates
∆Z
22 — 26 mm 7 mm 40 123 mm — 52 mm
2. VISION AREAS
2.1. Two vision areas shall be determined from the V points.2.2. Vision area A is the area on the outer surface of the windscreen bounded
by the following four planes extending forward from the V point (see
figure 1):
— a vertical plane passing through V
1and V2and at an angle of 13º to the
left of the X axis;
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passing through V1and at an upward angle
of 3º from the X axis;
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passing through V2and at a downward
angle of 1º from the X axis;
— a vertical plane passing through V1and V2and at an angle of 20º to the
right of the X axis.
2.3. Vision area B is the area of the outer surface of the windscreen which is
more than 25 mm from the outer edge of the transparent area and is
bounded by the intersection of the following four planes with the outer
surface of the windscreen (see figure 2):
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passing through V1and at an upward angle
of 7º from the X axis;
— a plane parallel to the Y axis, passing through V2and at a downward
angle of 5º from the X axis;
— a vertical plane passing through V1and V2and at an angle of 17º to the
left of the X axis;
— a plane symmetrical to the former plane in relation to the median long-
itudinal plane of the vehicle.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 20
Figure 1
Vision area A
►(1)C1▼B1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 21
▼B
Figure 2
Vision area B
1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 22
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ANNEX V
TEST-MIXTURE SPECIFICATION FOR WINDSCREEN-WIPER
SYSTEM AND WINDSCREEN-WASHER SYSTEM TESTS
The test mixture referred to in 6.1.9. of Annex I shall consist of the following
(by volume): 92·5% water (with a hardness of less than 205 g/tonne after
evaporation), 5% aqueous saturated salt (sodium chloride) solution and 2·5%
dust constituted in accordance with Tables I and II.
TABLE I
Analysis of test dust
Constituent % mass
SiO267 to 69
Fe2O33t o5
Al2O315 to 17
CaO 2 to 4
MgO 0·5 to 1·5Alkalis 3 to 5Ignition loss 2 to 3
TABLE II
Particle-size distribution of coarse-grade dust
Particle size
(in µm)Particle size distribution (%)
0t o5 1 2±2
5t o1 0 1 2±3
10 to 20 14 ± 320 to 40 23 ± 3
40 to 80 30 ± 3
80 to 200 9 ± 31978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 23
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ANNEX VI
Information Document No …
pursuant to Annex I of Council Directive 70/156/EEC relating to EEC type-
approval of a vehicle with respect to the wiper and washer system (Council
Directive 78/318/EEC as last amended by Directive 94/68/EC)
The following information, if applicable, must be supplied in triplicate and
include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied in appropriate scale
and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if
any, must show sufficient detail.
If the systems, components of separate technical units have electronic controls,
information concerning their performance must be supplied.
0. GENERAL
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle (b):0.3.1. Location of that marking:0.4. Category of vehicle (c):0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
VEHICLE
1.1 Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle:
2. MASSES AND DIMENSIONS (e) (in kg and mm)
2.6 Mass of the vehicle with bodywork in running order, or mass of the
chassis with cab if the manufacturer does not fit the bodywork
(including coolant, oils, fuels, tools, spare wheel and driver) (o)
(max. and min. for each version):
3. POWER PLANT (q)
3.2.1.8 Maximum net power (t): … kW at … min
−1
3.2.5 Electrical system3.2.5.1 Rated voltage: … V, pos./neg. ground (
1)
3.2.5.2 Generator3.2.5.2.1 Type:3.2.5.2.2 Nominal output: … VA
4. TRANSMISSION (v)
4.7 Maximum vehicle speed and gear in which this is achieved (in km/
h) (w):
9. BODYWORK
9.4.1 Particulars of the primary reference marks in sufficient detail to
enable them to be readily identified and the position of each in rela-
tion to the others and to the R-point to be verified:
9.5.1 Windscreen9.5.1.2 Method of mounting:9.5.1.4 Approval number(s):9.6 Windscreen wiper(s)
9.6.1 Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings):1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 24
The item numbers and footnotes used in this Information Document correspond to those set
out in Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC.
Items not relevant for the purpose of this Directive are omitted.
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9.7 Windscreen washer
9.7.1. Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings)
or, if approved as separate technical unit, type-approval number:
9.8 Defrosting and demisting
9.8.2 Maximum electrical consumption: … kW9.10 Interior fittings9.10.3 Seats
9.10.3.5. Coordinates or drawing of the R point (x)
9.10.3.5.1 Driver's seat:9.10.3.6 Design seat back angle
9.10.3.6.1 Driver's seat:
9.10.3.7 Range of seat adjustment9.10.3.7.1 Driver's seat:
9.10.5 Heating systems for the passenger compartment
9.10.5.3 Maximum electrical consumption: … kW1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 25
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ANNEX VII
Information Document No. …
relating to EEC type-approval as separate technical unit of the windscreen
washer systems (Council Directive 78/318/EEC as last amended by Directive
94/68/EC)
The following information, if applicable, must be supplied in triplicate and
include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied in appropriate scale
and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if
any, must show sufficient detail.
If the systems, components of separate technical units have electronic controls,
information concerning their performance must be supplied.
0. GENERAL
0.1 Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2 Type and general commercial description(s):
0.5 Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7 In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8 Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE
1.1 Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings) identi-
fying those components which may be fitted within the engine
compartment.
1.2 Any restrictions of use and conditions for fitting.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 26
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ANNEX VIII
MODEL
— type approval (1)
— extension of type approval (1)
— refusal of type approval (1)
— withdrawal of type approval (1)
of a type of a vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) with regard to Direc-
tive 78/38/EEC, as last amended by Directive 94/68/EC
Type-approval number:Reason for extension:
Section I
0.1 Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2 Type and general commercial description(s):
0.3 Means of identification of type if marked on the vehicle/component/sepa-
rate technical unit (
1)(2)
0.3.1 Location of that marking:
0.4 Category of vehicle (3):
0.5 Name and address of manufacturer:0.7 In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8 Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s):
Section II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix
2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:3. Date of test report:
4. Number of test report:
5. Remarks (if any): See Appendix6. Place:
7. Date:
8. Signature:9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request, is attached.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 27
(1) Delete where not applicable.
(2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the
vehicle, component of separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certi-ficate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g.ABC??123??).
(
3) As defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC.
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Appendix
to EEC type-approval certificate No. …
concerning the type approval of a vehicle with regard to Directive
78/318/EEC as last amended by Directive …
1. Additional information
1.1 Wiper, — number of blades:
1.2 Washer, — method of operation:
— type-approval mark (where applicable):
5. Remarks:
(e.g. valid for both left-hand drive and right-hand drive vehicles)1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 28
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ANNEX IX
MODEL
— type approval (1)
— extension of type approval (1)
— refusal of type approval (1)
— withdrawal of type approval (1)
of a type of a vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) with regard to Direc-
tive 78/318/EEC, as last amended by Directive 94/68/EEC
Type-approval number:Reason for extension:
Section I
0.1 Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2 Type and general commercial description(s):0.3 Means of identification of type if marked on the vehicle/component/sepa-
rate technical unit (
1)(2);
0.3.1 Location of that marking:
0.4 Category of vehicle (3):
0.5 Name and address of manufacturer.0.7 In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8 Name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s):
Section II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix
2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:4. Number of test report:
5. Remarks (if any): See Appendix
6. Place:7. Date:
8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request, is attached.1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 29
(1) Delete where not applicable.
(2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the
vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certi-ficate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g.ABC??123??).
(
3) As defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC.
▼M1
Appendix
to EEC type-approval certificate No …
concerning the separate technical unit type approval of windscreen
washer systems with regard to Directive 78/318/EEC as last
amended by Directive 94/68/EC
1. Additional information
1.1 Any restrictions of use and conditions of fitting:
5. Remarks:1978L0318 — EN — 01.05.2004 — 002.001 — 30