1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B ►M2 COUNCILDIRECTIVE72/245/EEC
of20June1972
relatingtotheradiointerference (electromagnetic compatibility) ofvehicles ◄
(OJ L 152, 6.7.1972, p. 15)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Directive 89/491/EEC of 17 July 1989 L 238 43 15.8.1989
►M2Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 L 266 1 8.11.1995
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE72/245/EEC
of20June1972
relatingtotheradiointerference(electromagnetic compatibility)of
vehicles
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament;Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee;
Whereasthe technical requirementswhich motor vehiclesfitted with a
spark-ignition engine must satisfy pursuant to national laws relate, inter
alia, to the suppression of radio interference produced by such vehi-
cles;
Whereasthos e requirementsdiffer from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the same
requirementseither in addition to or in place of their exis ting require-ments, in order, in particular, to allow the EEC type approvalprocedure which wasthe s ubject of the Council Directive of 6 February1970(
1) on the approximation of the lawsof the Member Statesrelating
to the type approval of motor vehiclesand their trailersto be applied in
respect of each type of vehicle;
Whereasit isdes irable to follow the technical requirementsadopted by
the UN Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No 10(Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regardto radio interference suppression), which is annexed to the Agreement
of 20 March 1958 concerning the adoption of uniform conditionsof
approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicleequipment and parts(
2);
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purpose of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any vehicle as
defined in Directive 70/156/EEC.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national
type-approval of a vehicle, component or separate technical unit ongroundsrelating to electromagnetic compatibility if the requirementsof thisDirective are fulfilled.
Article 3
1. This Directive shall constitute a ‘specific directive’ for the
purposes of Article 2 (2) of Council Directive 89/336/EEC(
3) with
effect from 1 January 1996.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ No L 42, 23.2.1970, p. 1.
(2) DocsE/ECE/324/C148/C147/C147/C147/C149/C147/C147/C147/C150Add. 9, 17.12.1968.E/ECE/Trans/505
(3) OJ No L 139, 23. 5. 1989, p. 19.▼M2
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2. Vehicles, components or separate technical units approved
pursuant to this Directive shall be considered to fulfil the provisionsof other directives, cited in Annex IV to Council Directive 92/53/
EEC(
1), which refer to electromagnetic compatibility.
Article 4
The amendments necessary for adjusting the requirements of the
Annexes so as to take account of technical progress shall be adoptedin accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of theCouncil Directive of 6 February 1970 on the type approval of motorvehiclesand their trailers .
Article 5
1. Member States shall put into force the provisions needed in order
to comply with thisDirective within eighteen monthsof itsnotification
and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions
of national law which they adopt in the field covered by thisDirectiveare communicated to the Commission.
Article 6
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 3
(1) OJ No L 225, 10. 8. 1992, p. 1.▼B
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LIST OFANNEXES
ANNEX I Requirementsto be met by vehiclesand electrical/electronic
sub-assemblies fitted to a vehicle
ANNEX IIA Model information document for EEC type-approval of a
vehicle with respect to electromagnetic compatibility
ANNEX IIB Model information document for EEC type-approval of an
electrical/electronic sub-assembly with respect to electromag-
netic compatibility
ANNEX IIIA Model: EEC type-approval certificate (vehicle)ANNEX IIIB Model: EEC type-approval certificate (electrical/electronic sub-
assembly)
ANNEX IV Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic
emissions from vehicles
ANNEX V Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromag-
netic emissions from vehicles
ANNEX VI Method of testing for immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic
radiation
ANNEX VII Method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic
emissions from electrical/electronic sub-assemblies
ANNEX VIII Method of measurement of radiated narrowband electromag-
netic emissions from electrical/electronic sub-assemblies
ANNEX IX Method(s) of testing of immunity of electrical/electronic sub-
assemblies to electromagnetic radiation1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 4
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ANNEX I
REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BY VEHICLES AND ELECTRICAL/
ELECTRONICSUB-ASSEMBLIESFITTEDTOAVEHICLE
1.Scope
1.1. ThisDirective appliesto the electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles
covered in Article 1, being vehiclesor trailers(hereinafter referred to
asvehicle(s )) ass upplied by the vehicle manufacturer and to compo-
nents or separate technical units intended for fitment in vehicles.
2.Definitions
2.1. For the purposes of this Directive:2.1.1. ‘Electromagnetic compatibility’ meansthe ability of a vehicle or
component(s) or separate technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in
itselectromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable elec-
tromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
2.1.2. ‘Electromagnetic disturbance’ means any electromagnetic phenomenon
which may degrade the performance of a vehicle or component(s) or
separate technical unit(s). An electromagnetic disturbance may be
electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propaga-
tion medium itself.
2.1.3. ‘Electromagnetic immunity’ meansthe ability of a vehicle or compo-
nent(s) or separate technical unit(s) to perform without degradation of
performance in the presence of specified electromagnetic disturbances.
2.1.4. ‘Electromagnetic environment’ meansthe totality of electromagnetic
phenomena existing at a given location.
2.1.5. ‘Reference limit’ meansthe nominal level to which type approval and
conformity of production limit valuesare referenced.
2.1.6. ‘Reference antenna’ for the frequency range 20 to 80 MHz: meansa
shortened balanced dipole being a half wave resonant dipole at
80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz: meansa
balanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurement
frequency.
2.1.7. ‘Broadband emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth
greater than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
2.1.8. ‘Narrowband emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth less
than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
2.1.9. ‘Electrical/electronic system’ means (an) electrical and/or electronic
device(s) or set(s) of devices together with any associated electrical
connectionswhich form part of a vehicle but which are not intended
to be type approved separately from the vehicle.
2.1.10. ‘Electrical/electronic sub-assembly’ (ESA) means an electrical and/or
electronic device or set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle,
together with any associated electrical connections and wiring, which
performs one or more specialized functions. An ESA may be approved
at the request of a manufacturer as either a ‘component’ or a ‘separate
technical unit (STU)’ (see Directive 70/156/EEC, Article 2).
2.1.11. ‘Vehicle type’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility meansvehi-
cles which do not differ essentially in such respects as:
2.1.11.1. the overall size and shape of the engine compartment;2.1.11.2. the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components
and the general wiring arrangement;
2.1.11.3. the primary material of which the body or shell (if applicable) of the
vehicle is constructed (for example, a steel, aluminium or fibreglass
body shell). The presence of panels of different material does not
change the vehicle type provided the primary material of the body is
unchanged. However, such variations must be notified.
2.1.12. An ‘ESA type’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means
ESAs which do not differ in such essential respects as:
2.1.12.1. the function performed by the ESA;1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 5
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2.1.12.2. the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components,
if applicable.
3.ApplicationforEECtype-approval
3.1. Approval of a vehicle type3.1.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type, with regard to itselec-
tromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/
156/EEC shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.
3.1.2. A model for the information document isgiven in Annex IIA.3.1.3. The vehicle manufacturer shall draw up a schedule describing all
projected combinationsof relevant vehicle electrical/electronic
systems or ESAs, body styles(
1), variationsin body material (1),
general wiring arrangements, engine variations, left-hand/right-hand
drive versions and wheelbase versions. Relevant vehicle electrical/
electronic systems or ESAs are those which may emit significant
broadband or narrowband radiation and/or those which are involved
in the driver'sdirect control (s ee paragraph 6.4.2.3 of thisAnnex) of
the vehicle.
3.1.4. A representative vehicle shall be selected from this schedule for the
purpose of being tested, in mutual agreement between the manufac-
turer and the competent authority. This vehicle shall represent the
vehicle type (see Appendix 1 to Annex IIA). The choice of vehicle,
shall be based on the electrical/electronic systems offered by the
manufacturer. One more vehicle may be selected from this schedule
for the purpose of being tested if it is considered by mutual agreement
between the manufacturer and the competent authority that different
electrical/electronic systems are included which are likely to have a
significant effect on the vehicle's electromagnetic compatibility
compared with the first representative vehicle.
3.1.5. The choice of the vehicle(s) in conformity with paragraph 3.1.4 is
limited to vehicle/electrical/electronic system combinations intended
for actual production.
3.1.6. The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from
tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be
used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the
type-approval certificate.
3.1.7. If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries
out the test itself, then a vehicle representative of the type to beapproved, according to paragraph 3.1.4 shall be provided.
3.2. Approval of a type of ESA
3.2.1. The application for approval of a type of ESA with regard to itselec-
tromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/
156/EEC shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by the
manufacturer of the ESA.
3.2.2. A model for the information document isgiven in Annex IIB.3.2.3. The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from
tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be
used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the
type-approval certificate.
3.2.4. If the technical service responsible for the type-approval test carries
out the test itself, then a sample of the ESA system representative of
the type to be approved shall be provided, if necessary, after discus-
sion with the manufacturer on, for example, possible variations in the
layout, number of components, number of sensors. If the technical
service deems it necessary, it may select a further sample.
3.2.5. The sample(s) must be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufac-
turer'strade name or mark and the type des ignation.
3.2.6. Where applicable, any restrictions on use should be identified. Any
such restrictions should be included in Annexes IIB and/or IIIB.
4.Type-approval
4.1. Routesto type-approval1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 6
(1) If applicable.
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4.1.1. Type-approval of a vehicle
The following alternative routesto type-approval of a vehicle may be
used at the discretion of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.1.1.1. Approval of a vehicle installation
A vehicle installation may achieve type-approval directly by following
the provis ionslaid down in paragraph 6 of thisAnnex. If thisroute is
chosen by a vehicle manufacturer, no separate testing of electrical/
electronic systems or ESAs is required.
4.1.1.2. Approval of vehicle type by testing of individual ESAs
A vehicle manufacturer may obtain approval for the vehicle by
demonstrating to the approval authority that all the relevant (see para-
graph 3.1.3 of this Annex) electrical/electronic systems or ESAs have
individually been approved in accordance with thisDirective and have
been installed in accordance with any conditions attached thereto.
4.1.1.3. A manufacturer, if he wishes, may obtain approval to this Directive if
the vehicle hasno equipment of the type which iss ubject to immunity
or emission tests. The vehicle shall have no systems as specified in
paragraph 3.1.3 (immunity) and no spark ignition equipment. Such
approvalsdo not require tes ting.
4.1.2. Type-approval of an ESA
Type-approval may be granted to an ESA to be fitted either to any
vehicle type or to a specific vehicle type or types requested by the
manufacturer. ESAsinvolved in the direct control of vehicleswill
normally receive type-approval in conjunction with a vehicle manufac-
turer.
4.2. Granting of type-approval4.2.1. Vehicle
4.2.1.1. If the representative vehicle fulfils the requirements of this Directive,
EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 4 (3), and if applicable, Article
4 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be granted.
4.2.1.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificate isgiven in Annex IIIA.4.2.2. ESA4.2.2.1. If the representative ESA system(s) fulfil(s) the requirements of this
Directive, EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 4 (3), and if applic-
able, Article 4 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be granted.
4.2.2.2. A model for the EEC type-approval certificatesisgiven in Annex
IIIB.
4.2.3. In order to draw up the certificatesreferred to in paragraph 4.2.1.2 or
4.2.2.2, the competent authority of the Member State granting the
approval may use a report prepared by an approved or recognized
laboratory or in accordance with the provisions of this Directive.
4.3. Amendmentsto approvals4.3.1. In the case of amendments to approvals granted pursuant to this Direc-
tive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall apply.
4.3.2. Amendment of a vehicle type-approval by ESA addition or substitu-
tion.
4.3.2.1. Where a vehicle manufacturer hasobtained approval for a vehicle
installation and wishes to fit an additional or substitutional electrical/
electronic system or ESA which has already received approval
pursuant to this Directive, and which will be installed in accordance
with any conditionsattached thereto, the vehicle approval may be
amended without further testing. The additional or substitutional elec-
trical/electronic system or ESA shall be considered as part of the
vehicle for conformity of production purposes.
4.3.2.2. Where the additional or substitutional part(s) has (have) not received
approval pursuant to this Directive, and if testing is considered neces-
sary, the whole vehicle shall be deemed to comply if the new or
revised part(s) can be shown to comply with the relevant requirements
of paragraph 6 or if, in a comparative test, the new part can be shown
not to be likely to adversely affect compliance of the vehicle type.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 7
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4.3.2.3. The addition by a vehicle manufacturer to an approved vehicle of stan-
dard domestic or business equipment, other than mobile
communication equipment(1) which complieswith Directive 89/336/
EEC, and isins talled according to the recommendationsof the equip-
ment and vehicle manufacturers, or the substitution or removal thereof,
shall not invalidate the vehicle approval. This shall not preclude
vehicle manufacturersfitting communication equipment with s uitable
installations guidelines developed by the vehicle manufacturer and/or
manufacturer(s) of such communication equipment. The vehicle manu-
facturer shall provide evidence (if requested by the test authority) that
vehicle performance is not adversely affected by such transmitters.
This can be a statement that the power levels and installation are
such that the immunity levels of this Directive offer sufficient protec-
tion when subject to transmission alone, i.e. excluding transmission in
conjunction with the tests specified in paragraph 6. This Directive
does not authorize the use of a communication transmitter when other
requirements on such equipment or its use apply. A vehicle manufac-
turer may refuse to install in his vehicle standard domestic or business
equipment which complieswith Directive 89/336/EEC.
5.Marking
5.1. Every ESA conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Directive
shall bear an EEC type-approval mark.
5.2. This mark shall consist of a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’
followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State
which hasgranted type-approval:
1 Germany
2 France3 Italy
4 the Netherlands
6 Belgium9 Spain
11 the United Kingdom
13 Luxembourg18 Denmark
21 Portugal
23 GreeceIRL Ireland
It must also include in the vicinity of the rectangle the four-digit
sequential number (with leading zeros as applicable) — hereinafter
referred to as‘bas e approval number’ — contained in Section 4 of
the type-approval number shown on the EEC type-approval certificate
issued for the type of device in question (see Annex IIIB), preceded
by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the
most recent major technical amendment to Directive 72/245/EEC on
the date EEC component type-approval wasgranted. In thisDirective
the sequence number is 02.
5.3. The EEC type-approval mark must be affixed to the main part of the
ESA (e.g. the electronic control unit) in such a way as to be clearly
legible and indelible.
5.4. An example of the EEC type-approval mark iss hown in Appendix 7.
5.5. No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in
vehicle typesapproved by thisDirective.
5.6. Markingson ESAsin compliance with paragraph 5.3 need not be
visible when the ESA is installed in a vehicle.
6.Specifications
6.1. General specification1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 8
(1) For example: radio telephone and citizensband radio.
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6.1.1. A vehicle (and its electrical/electronic system(s) or ESAs) shall be so
designed, constructed and fitted as to enable the vehicle, in normal
conditionsof us e, to comply with the requirementsof thisDirective.
6.2. Specificationsconcerning broadband electromagnetic radiation from
vehiclesfitted with s park ignition.
6.2.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle representative
of its type shall be measured using the method described in Annex IV
at either of the defined antenna distances. The choice shall be made by
the vehicle manufacturer.
6.2.2. Vehicle broadband reference limits6.2.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex IV
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation refer-
ence limits shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to
75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
ass hown in Appendix 1 to thisAnnex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m
(180 microvolts/m).
6.2.2.2. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex IV
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation refer-
ence limits shall be 44 dB microvolts/m (160 microvolts/m) in the 30
to 75 MHz frequency band and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 562
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
ass hown in Appendix 2 to thisAnnex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m
(562 microvolts/m).
6.2.2.3. On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values,
expressed in dB microvolts/m, (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB
(20 %) below the reference limits.
6.3. Specificationsconcerning narrowband electromagnetic radiation from
vehicles.
6.3.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the vehicle repesentative
of its type shall be measured using the method described in Annex V
at either of the defined antenna distances. The choice shall be made by
the vehicle manufacturer.
6.3.2. Vehicle narrowband reference limits6.3.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex V
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation-refer-
ence limits shall be 24 dB microvolts/m (16 microvolts/m) in the 30 to
75 MHz frequency band and 24 to 35 dB microvolts/m (15 to 56
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
ass hown in Appendix 3 of thisAnnex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 35 dB microvolts/m (56
microvolts/m).
6.3.2.2. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex V
using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation refer-
ence limit shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to
75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180
microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit
increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz
ass hown in Appendix 4 to thisAnnex. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz
frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m
(180 microvolts/m).
6.3.2.3. On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values,
expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB
(20 %) below the reference limit.
6.3.2.4. Notwithstanding the limits defined in paragraphs 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.2 and
6.3.2.3 of this Annex, if, during the initial step described in Annex
V, paragraph 1.3, the signal strength measured at the vehicle broadcast
radio antenna is less than 20 dB microvolts (10 microvolts) over the
frequency range 88 to 108 MHz, then the vehicle shall be deemed to1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 9
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comply with the limits for narrowband emissions and no further
testing will be required.
6.4. Specificationsconcerning immunity of vehiclesto electromagnetic
radiation.
6.4.1. Method of testing
The immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the vehicle representa-
tive of its type shall be tested by the method described in Annex VI.
6.4.2. Vehicle immunity reference limits.6.4.2.1. If tests are made using the method described in Annex VI, the field
strength reference level shall be 24 volts/m rms in over 90 % of the
20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band and 20 volts/m rms over the whole
20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band.
6.4.2.2. The vehicle representative of its type shall be considered as complying
with immunity requirementsif, during the tes tsperformed in accor-
dance with Annex VI, and subjected to a field strength, expressed in
volts/m, of 25 % above the reference level, there shall be no abnormal
change in the speed of the driven wheels of the vehicle, no degrada-
tion of performance which would cause confusion to other road users,
and no degradation in the driver'sdirect control of the vehicle which
could be observed by the driver or other road user.
6.4.2.3. The driver'sdirect control of the vehicle isexercis ed by meansof, for
example, steering, braking, or engine speed control.
6.5. Specification concerning broadband electromagnetic interference
generated by ESAs.
6.5.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of
its type shall be measured by the method described in Annex VII.
6.5.2. ESA broadband reference limits
6.5.2.1. If measurements are made using the method described in Annex VII,
the radiation reference limits shall be 64 to 54 dB microvolts/m (1 600
to 500 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit
decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz,
and 54 to 65 dB microvolts/m (500 to 1 800 microvolts/m) in the 75 to
400 MHz band, thislimit increas ing logarithmically (linearly) with
frequenciesabove 75 MHz ass hown in Appendix 5 to thisAnnex. In
the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remainscons tant at
65 dB microvolts/m (1 800 microvolts/m).
6.5.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type, the measured values, expressed
in dB microvolts/m, (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %)
below the reference limits.
6.6. Specificationsconcerning narrowband electromagnetic interference
generated by ESAs.
6.6.1. Method of measurement
The electromagnetic radiation generated by the ESA representative of
its type shall be measured by the method described in Annex VIII.
6.6.2. ESA narrowband reference limits.
6.6.2.1. If measures are made using the method described in Annex VIII, the
radiation reference limits shall be 54 to 44 dB microvolts/m (500 to
160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit
decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz,
and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 560 microvolts/m) in the 75 to
400 MHz band, thislimit increas ing logarithmically (linearly) with
frequenciesabove 75 MHz ass hown in Appendix 6 to thisAnnex. In
the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remainscons tant at
55 dB microvolts/m (560 microvolts/m).
6.6.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type, the measured value, expressed
in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %)
below the reference limits.
6.7. Specificationsconcerning immunity of ESAsto electromagnetic radia-
tion.
6.7.1. Method(s) of testing1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 10
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The immunity to electromagnetic radiation of the ESA representative
of its type shall be tested by the method(s) chosen from those
described in Annex IX.
6.7.2. ESA immunity reference limits6.7.2.1. If tests are made using the methods described in Annex IX, the immu-
nity test reference levels shall be 48 volts/m for the 150 mm stripline
testing method, 12 volts/m for the 800 mm stripline testing method, 60
volts/m for the TEM cell testing method, 48 mA for the bulk current
injection (BCI) testing method and 24 volts/m for the free field testing
method.
6.7.2.2. On the ESA representative of its type at a field strength or current
expressed in appropriate linear units 25 % above the reference limit,
the ESA shall not exhibit any malfunction which would cause any
degradation of performance which could cause confusion to other
road users or any degradation in the driver's direct control of a vehicle
fitted with the system which could be observed by the driver or other
road user.
7.Conformityofproduction
7.1. Measures to ensure the conformity of production shall be taken in
accordance with the provisions laid down in Article 10 of Directive
70/156/EEC.
7.2. Conformity of production with regard to the electromagnetic compat-
ibility of the vehicle or component of separate technical unit shall be
checked on the basis of the data contained in the type-approval certi-
ficate(s) set out in Annex IIIA and/or IIIB of this Directive as
appropriate.
7.3. If the authority is not satisfied with the auditing procedure of the
manufacturer, then items2.4.2 and 2.4.3 of Annex X to Directive 70/
156/EEC and paragraphs7.3.1 and 7.3.2 below s hall apply.
7.3.1. If the conformity of a vehicle, component or STU taken from the
series is being verified, production shall be deemed to conform to the
requirementsof thisDirective in relation to broadband radiated emis -
sions and narrowband radiated emissions if the levels measured do not
exceed by more than 2 dB, (25 %) the reference limitspres cribed in
paragraphs6.2.2.1, 6.2.2.2, 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2 (asappropriate).
7.3.2. If the conformity of a vehicle, component or STU taken from the
series is being verified, production shall be deemed to conform to the
requirementsof thisDirective in relation to immunity to electromag-
netic radiation if the vehicle, component or STU doesnot exhibit any
degradation relating to the direct control of the vehicle which could be
observed by the driver or other road user when the vehicle, component
or STU is in the state defined in Annex VI, paragraph 4, and subjected
to a field strength, expressed in volts/m, up to 80 % of the reference
limitspres cribed in paragraph 6.4.2.1 of thisAnnex.
8.Exceptions
8.1. Where a vehicle or electrical/electronic system or ESA does not
include an electronic oscillator with an operating frequency greater
than 9 kHz, it shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.3.2 or
6.6.2 of Annex I and with AnnexesV and VIII.
8.2. Vehicles which do not have electrical/electronic systems or ESAs
involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested for
immunity and shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.4 of Annex
I and with Annex VI to thisDirective.
8.3. ESAswhos e functionsare not involved in the direct control of the
vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to
comply with paragraph 6.7 of Annex I and with Annex IX to this
Directive.
8.4. Electrostatic discharge
For vehicles fitted with tyres, the vehicle body/chassis can be consid-
ered to be an electrically isolated structure. Significant electrostatic
forcesin relation to the vehicle'sexternal environment only occur atthe moment of occupant entry into or exit from the vehicle. Asthe
vehicle is stationary at these moments, no type-approval test for elec-
trostatic discharge is deemed necessary.
8.5. Conducted transients1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 11
▼M2
Since during normal driving, no external electrical connectionsare
made to vehicles, no conducted transients are generated in relation to
the external environment. The responsibility of ensuring that equip-
ment can tolerate the conducted transients within a vehicle, e.g. due
to load switching and interaction between systems, lies with the manu-
facturer. No type-approval test for conducted transients is deemed
necessary.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 12
▼M2
Appendix 1
Vehicle broadbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 10 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.2.2.11972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 13
▼M2
Appendix 2
Vehicle broadbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 3 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.2.2.21972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 14
▼M2
Appendix 3
Vehicle narrowbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 10 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.3.2.11972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 15
▼M2
Appendix 4
Vehicle narrowbandreference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 3 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.8.2.21972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 16
▼M2
Appendix 5
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly
Broadbandreference limits
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.5.2.11972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 17
▼M2
Appendix 6
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly
Narrowbandreference limits
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.6.2.11972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 18
▼M2
Appendix 7
ModelfortheEECtype-approvalmark
The ESA bearing the above EEC type-approval mark isa device which hasbeen approved in
Germany (e1) under the base approval number 0148. The first two digits (02) indicate that the device
conformswith the requirementsof Directive 72/245/EEC, asamended by thisDirective.
The figuresus ed are only indicative.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 19
▼M2
ANNEX IIA
Information document No … pursuant to Annex I to Directive 70/156/
EEC(*)relating to EEC type-approval of a vehicle with respect to electro-
magnetic compatibility (72/245/EEC), as last amended by Directive 95/…/
EC
0.General
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):0.3. Meansof identification of type, if marked on the vehicle (b):0.3.1. Location of that marking:
0.4. Category of vehicle (c):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1.General constructioncharacteristics ofthevehicle
1.1. Photograph(s) and/or drawing(s) of a representative vehicle:1.6. Position and arrangement of the engine:
3.Powerplant(q)
3.1. Manufacturer:
3.1.1. Manufacturer'sengine code:
(asmarked on the engine, or other meansof identification)
3.2.1.1. Working principle: positive ignition/compression ignition, four
stroke/two stroke(
1)
3.2.1.2. Number and arrangement of cylinders:3.2.1.8. Maximum net power (t) … kW at … min
−1
3.2.4. Fuel feed3.2.4.1. By carburettor(s): yes/no (
1)
3.2.4.1.3. Number fitted:
3.2.4.2. By fuel injection (compression ignition only): yes/no (1)
3.2.4.2.1. System description:3.2.4.3. By fuel injection (positive ignition only): yes/no (
1)
3.2.4.3.4. System description3.2.5. Electrical system3.2.5.1. Rated voltage: … V, positive/negative ground (
1)
3.2.5.2. Generator
3.2.5.2.1. Type1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 20
(*) The item numbers and footnotes used in this information document correspond to
those set out in Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC. Items not relevant for the purposeof thisDirective are omitted.
(
1) Delete where not applicable.
▼M2
3.2.5.2.2. Nominal output: … VA
3.2.6. Ignition3.2.6.2. Type(s):3.2.6.3. Working principle:3.3. Electric motor3.3.1. Type (winding, excitation):3.3.1.1. Maximum hourly output: … kW
4.Transmission(v)
4.2. Type (mechanical, hydraulic, electric, etc.)
4.2.1. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any):
6.Suspension
6.2.2. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any):
7.Steering
7.2.2.1. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any):7.2.6. Range and method of adjustment, if any, of this steering control:
8.Brakes
8.5. For vehicles with anti-lock systems, description of system operation
(including any electronic parts), electric block diagram, hydraulic or
pneumatic circuit plan:
9.Bodywork
9.1. Type of bodywork:9.5. Windscreen and other windows:9.5.2.3. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any) of
the window lifting mechanism:
9.6. Windscreen wiper(s):9.6.1. Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings):9.8. Defrosting and demisting:9.8.1. Detailed technical description (including photographs or drawings):9.9. Rear-view mirrors(s tate for each mirror):9.9.6. A brief description of the electronic components (if any) of the
adjustment system:
9.10.3. Seats:9.10.3.4. Characteristics: description and drawings of:9.10.3.4.2. the adjustment system9.10.3.4.3. the displacement and locking systems.9.12. Safety belts and/or other restraint systems:9.12.3. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any):9.18. Suppression of radio interference9.18.1. Description and drawings/photographs of the shapes and constituent
materialsof the part of the body forming the engine compartment
and the part of the passenger compartment nearest to it:
9.18.2. Drawingsor photographsof the pos ition of the metal components
housed in the engine compartment (e.g. heating appliances, spare
wheel, air filter, steering mechanism, etc.):
9.18.3. Table and drawing of radio interference control equipment:
9.18.4. Particulars of the nominal value of the direct current resistances, and
in the case of resistive ignition cables, of their nominal resistance
per metre1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 21
▼M2
10.Lightingandlightsignallingdevices
10.5. A brief description of electrical/electronic components other than
lamps(if any)
12.Miscellaneous
12.2. Devicesto prevent unauthorized us e of the vehicle
12.2.3. A brief description of the electrical/electronic components (if any):1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 22
▼M2
Appendix 1
Description of vehicle chosen to represent the type
Body style:Left or right hand drive:
Wheelbase:
Component options:1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 23
▼M2
Appendix 2
Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized
laboratoriesfor the purpos e of drawing up the type-approval certificate.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 24
▼M2
ANNEX IIB
Information document No … relating to EEC type-approval of an electric/
electronic sub-assembly with respect to electromagnetic compatibility (72/
245/EEC),aslastamendedbyDirective 95/…/EC
0.General
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1.ThisESAshallbeapprovedasacomponent/STU (*)
2.Anyrestrictionsofuseandconditionsforfitting:1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 25
(*) Delete where not applicable.
▼M2
Appendix 1
Description of the ESA chosen to represent the type:1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 26
▼M2
Appendix 2
Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized
laboratoriesfor the purpos e of drawing up the type-approval certificate.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 27
▼M2
ANNEX IIIA
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the:
— type-approval(1)
— extension of type-approval (1)
— refusal of type-approval (1)
— withdrawal of type-approval (1)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) with regard to Direc-
tive …/…/EC, aslas t amended by Directive …/…/EC.
Type approval number:Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):0.3. Meansof identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/
separate technical unit (
1)(2):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:
0.4. Category of vehicle(3):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval-mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
SECTION II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix
2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:4. Number of test report:
5. Remarks(if any): See Appendix
6. Place:7. Date:
8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request is attached1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 28
(1) Delete where not applicable.
(2) If the meansof identification of type containscharactersnot relevant to des cribe the
vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certi-ficate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g.ABC??123??).
(
3) Asdefined in Annex IIA to Directive 70/156/EEC.
▼M2
Appendix to EEC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to Directive 72/245/
EEC, as last amended by Directive 95/…/EC
1. Additional information
1.1. Special devicesfor the purpos e of Annex IV to thisDirective (if applic-
able): (e.g. …)
1.2. Electrical system rated voltage: … V. positive/negative ground
1.3. Type of bodywork:
1.4. List of electronic systems installed in the tested vehicle(s) not limited to the
itemsin the information document (s ee Appendix 1 to Annex II):
1.5. Approved/recognized laboratory (for the purpose of this Directive) respon-
sible for carrying out the tests:
5. Remarks:
(e.g. valid for both left-hand drive and right-hand drive vehicles)1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 29
▼M2
ANNEX IIIB
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the:
— type-approval(1)
— extension of type-approval (1)
— refusal of type-approval (1)
— withdrawal of type-approval (1)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) with regard to Direc-
tive …/…/EC, aslas t amended by Directive …/…/EC.
Type-approval number:Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):0.3. Meansof identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/
separate technical unit (
1)(2):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:
0.4. Category of vehicle(3):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval-mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
SECTION II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix
2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:4. Number of test report:
5. Remarks(if any): See Appendix
6. Place:7. Date:
8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request is attached.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 30
(1) Delete where not applicable.
(2) If the meansof identification of type containscharactersnot relevant to des cribe the
vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certi-ficate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g.ABC??123??).
(
3) Asdefined in Annex IIA to Directive 70/156/EEC.
▼M2
Appendix to EEC type-approval certificate No …
concerning the type-approval of an electric/electronic sub-assembly with regard
to Directive 72/245/EEC, aslas t amended by Directive 95/…/EC
1. Additional information:
1.1. Electrical system rated voltage:
1.2. This ESA can be used on any vehicle type with the following restrictions:
1.2.1. Installation conditions, if any:1.3. This ESA can only be used on the following vehicle types:
1.3.1. Installation conditions, if any:
1.4. the specific test method(s) used and the frequency ranges covered to
determine immunity were: (please specify precise method used from
Annex IX)
1.5. Approved/recognized laboratory (for the purpose of this Directive)
responsible for carrying out the test.
5. Remarks:1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 31
▼M2
ANNEX IV
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELEC-
TROMAGNETICEMISSIONSFROMVEHICLES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehi-
cles.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publi-
cation No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR).
A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of braodband
electromagnetic emissions in this Annex, or if a peak detector is used
an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the spark
pulse rate.
1.3. Test method
This test is intended to measure the broadband emissions generated by
spark ignition systems.
Two alternative reference antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m
from the vehicle. In either case the requirements of paragraph 3 of this
Annex shall be complied with.
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolt/m
(microvol/m) for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B
(expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz,
the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band
width through multiplication by a factor 120/B.
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic
reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured
from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure
1 of Appendix 1 to thisAnnex).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region
shown in Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex.
Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a
minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the vehicle
under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results will not be
affected.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown
between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test
facilitiesdo not need to meet the dimens ional requirementsof Figure
1 in Appendix 1 of thisAnnex other than the dis tance from the antenna
to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to
have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in
paragraph 3.4 of thisAnnex.
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude
sufficient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be
taken before and after the main test. If the vehicle is present when
ambient measurements are taken, it will be necessary to ensure that
any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient
measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area,
removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery. In both of the
measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB
below the limitsof interference given in paragraph 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2
(asappropriate) of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient
transmissions.
4.Vehiclestateduringtests
4.1. Engine1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 32
▼M2
The engine shall be running at its normal operating temperature and the
transmission shall be in neutral. If for practical reasons this cannot be
achieved, alternative arrangementsmutually agreed between the manu-
facturer and the test authorities may be made. Care shall be taken to
ensure that the speed setting mechanism does not influence electromag-
netic radiations. During each measurement, the engine shall be operated
asfollows :
Engine typeMethod of measurements
Quasi peak Peak
Spark ignition Engine speed Engine speed
One cylinder 2 500 rpm ± 10 % 2 500 rpm ± 10 %
More than one cylinder 1 500 rpm ± 10 % 1 500 rpm ± 10 %
4.2. Testing shall not be conducted while rain or other precipitation is
falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutesafter s uch precipitation has
stopped.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any antenna may be used provided it can be normalized to the refer-
ence antenna. The method described in CISPR publication No 12,
Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement
5.2.1. Height5.2.1.1. 10 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.2. 3 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m
to the plane on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. 10 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 10,0 ± 0,2 m.
5.2.2.2. 3 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 3,00 ± 0,05 m.
5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency elec-
tromagnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall
be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer
than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absor-
bent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test.
5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle
The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand
sides of the vehicle, with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitu-
dinal symmetry of the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point
(see Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex).
5.4. Antenna position
At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the
antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in
Appendix 1 to thisAnnex).
5.5. Readings1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 33
▼M2
The maximum of the four readingstaken in accordance with paragraphs
5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic
reading at the frequency at which the measurements were made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz
frequency range. To confirm that the vehicle meetsthe requirements
of this Annex, the Testing Authority shall test at up to 13 frequencies
in the range, e.g. 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600,
750, 900 MHz. In the event that the limit isexceeded during the tes t,
investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and
not to background radiation.
6.1.1. The limitsapply throughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz.
6.1.2. Measurements can be performed with either quasi-peak or peak detec-
tors. The limits given in Annex I, paragraphs 6.2 and 6.5 are for quasi-
peak. If peak is used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz bandwith or subtract 22 dB
for 1 kHz band width.
6.2. Tolerances
Spot frequency
(MHz)Tolerance
(MHz)
45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190 and 230 ± 5
280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 ± 20
The tolerancesapply to frequenciesquoted and are intended to avoid
interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot
frequenciesduring the time of meas urement.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 34
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure1
VEHICLE TEST AREA
Level clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 35
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure2
POSITION OF ANTENNA RELATIVE TO VEHICLE
Dipole antenna in position to measure vertical component of radiation
Dipole antenna in position to measure horizontal component of radiation1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 36
▼M2
ANNEX V
METHODOFMEASUREMENTOFRADIATEDNARROWBANDELEC-
TROMAGNETICEMISSIONSFROMVEHICLES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehi-
cles.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publi-
cation No 16-1 (93), of the International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR).
An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measure-
ment of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex.
1.3. Test method
1.3.1. This test is intended to measure narrowband electromagnetic emissions
such as might emanate from a microprocessor-based system or other
narrowband source.
1.3.2. As an initial step the levels of emissions in the FM frequency band (88
to 108 MHz) shall be measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna
with equipment as specified in paragraph 1.2. If the level specified in
paragraph 6.3.2.4 of Annex I isnot exceeded, then the vehicle s hall be
deemed to comply with the requirementsof thisAnnex in res pect of
that frequency band and the full test shall not be carried out.
1.3.3. In the full test procedure two alternative antenna distances are permis-
sible: 10 or 3 m from the vehicle. In either case the requirements of
paragraph 3 of thisAnnex s hall be complied with.
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m
(microvolts/m).
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic
reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured
from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure
1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region
shown in Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV.
Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a
minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the
vehicle/STU under test, provided that it can be shown that the test
results will not be affected.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown
between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test
facilitiesdo not need to meet the dimens ional requirementsof Figure
1 in Appendix 1 of Annex IV other than the distance from the antenna
to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to
have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in
paragraph 3.4 of thisAnnex.
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude
sufficient to affect materially the measurement, ambient measurements
shall be taken before and after the main test. It will be necessary to
ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly
the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle fromthe test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the
battery(ies). In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal
shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in para-
graph 6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2 (asappropriate) of Annex I, except for
intentional narrowband ambient transmissions.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 37
▼M2
4.Vehiclestateduringtests
4.1. The vehicle's electronic systems shall all be in normal operating mode
with the vehicle stationary.
4.2. The ignition shall be switched on. The engine shall not be operating.4.3. Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is
falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutesafter s uch precipitation has
stopped.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any antenna may be used provided that it can be normalized to the
reference antenna. The method described in the CISPR 12 publication,
Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height5.2.1.1. 10 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 3,00 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.2. 3 m test
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 1,80 ± 0,05 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.1.3. No part of any antenna's receiving elements shall be closer than 0,25 m
to the plane on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. 10 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 10,0 ± 0,2 m.
5.2.2.2. 3 m test
The horizontal distance from the tip or other appropriate point of the
antenna defined during the normalization procedure described in para-
graph 5.1 to this Annex to the outer body surface of the vehicle shall
be 3,00 ± 0,05 m.
5.2.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency elec-
tromagnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall
be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer
than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absor-
bent material between the receiving antenna and vehicle under test.
5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle
The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand
sides of the vehicle with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitu-
dinal symmetry of the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point
(see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to Annex IV).
5.4. Antenna position
At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the
antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in
Appendix 1 to Annex IV).
5.5. Readings
The maximum of the four readingstaken in accordance with paragraphs
5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic
reading at the frequency at which the measurements are made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz
frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each
band one spot frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required
limits are satisfied. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 38
▼M2
of this Annex, the testing authority shall test at one such point in each
of the following 13 frequency bands:
30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200
to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820
to 1 000 MHz.
In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations
shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to back-
ground radiation.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 39
▼M2
ANNEX VI
METHOD OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF VEHICLES TO ELEC-
TROMAGNETICRADIATION
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehi-
cles.
1.2. Test method
This test is intended to demonstrate the immunity to degradation in the
direct control of the vehicle. The vehicle shall be subject to electromag-
netic fields as described in this Annex. The vehicle shall be mnitored
during the tests.
2.Expressionofresults
For the test described in this Annex, field strengths shall be expressed
in volts/m.
3.Measuringlocation
The test facility shall be capable of generating the field strengths over
the frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility shall
comply with (national) legal requirements regarding the emission of
electromagnetic signals.
Care shall be taken so that the control and monitoring equipment shall
not be affected by radiated fieldsin s uch a way asto invalidate the
tests.
4.Vehiclestateduringtests
4.1. The vehicle shall be in an unladen condition except for necessary test
equipment.
4.1.1. The engine shall normally turn the driving wheels at a steady speed of
50 km/h if there isno technical reas on for a manufacturer to prefer a
different speed. The vehicle shall be on an appropriately loaded dynam-
ometer or alternatively supported on insulated axle stands with
minimum ground clearance if no dynamometer isavailable. Where
appropriate, transmission shafts may be disconnected (e.g. trucks).
4.1.2. Headlampss hall be on dipped beam.
4.1.3. Left or right direction indicator shall be operating.4.1.4. All other systems which affect the driver's control of the vehicle shall
be (on) asin normal operation of the vehicle.
4.1.5. The vehicle shall not be electrically connected to the test area and no
connectionss hall be made to the vehicle from any equipment, except
asrequired by paragraph 4.1.1 or 4.2. Tyre contact with the tes t area
floor shall not be considered to be an electrical connection.
4.2. If there are vehicle electrical/electronic systems which form an integral
part of the direct control of the vehicle, which will not operate underthe conditions described in paragraph 4.1, it will be permissible for the
manufacturer to provide a report or additional evidence to the testing
authority that the vehicle electrical/electronic system meets the require-
mentsof thisDirective. Such evidence s hall be retained in the type-
approval documentation.
4.3. Only non-perturbing equipment shall be used while monitoring the
vehicle. The vehicle exterior and the passenger compartment shall be
monitored to determine whether the requirementsof thisAnnex are
met (e.g. by using (a) video camera(s)).
4.4. The vehicle shall normally face a fixed antenna. However, where the
electronic control units and the associated wiring harness are predomi-
nantly in the rear of the vehicle, the test should normally be carried out
with the vehicle facing away from the antenna. In the case of long vehi-
cles(i.e. excluding carsand light vans ), which have electronic control
units and associated wiring harness predominantly towards the middle
of the vehicle, a reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of this Annex)
may be established based on either the right side surface or the left
side surface of the vehicle. This reference point shall be at the midpoint1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 40
▼M2
of the vehicle'slength or at one point along the s ide of the vehicle
chosen by the manufacturer in conjunction with the competent authority
after considering the distribution of electronic systems and the layout of
any wiring harness.
Such testing may only take place if the physical construction of the
chamber permits. The antenna location must be noted in the test report.
5.Fieldgeneratingdevicetype,positionandorientation
5.1. Field generating device type
5.1.1. The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the desired
field strength is achieved at the reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of
thisAnnex) at the appropriate frequencies .
5.1.2. The field generating device(s) may be an antenna(s) or a transmission
line system (TLS).
5.1.3. The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall be
such that the generated field is polarized:
from 20 to 1 000 MHz horizontally or vertically
5.2. Height and distance of measurement
5.2.1. Height
5.2.1.1. The phase centre of any antenna shall not be less than 1,5 m above the
plane on which the vehicle rests or not less than 2,0 m above the plane
on which the vehicle rests if the vehicle roof exceeds 3 m in heigh.
5.2.1.2. No part of any antenna's radiating elements shall be closer than 0,25 m
to the plane on which the vehicle rests.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement5.2.2.1. In-service conditions may be best approximated by placing the field
generating device asfar from the vehicle aspractical. Thisdis tance
will typically lie within the range 1 to 5 m.
5.2.2.2. If the test is carried out in an enclosed facility, the field generating
device's radiating elements shall be no closer than 1,0 m to any radio
absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the enclosed
facility. There shall be no absorbent material between the transmitting
antenna and the vehicle under test.
5.3. Antenna location relative to vehicle5.3.1. The field generating device's radiating elements shall not be closer than
0,5 m to the outer body surface of the vehicle.
5.3.2. The field generating device shall be positioned on the vehicle's centre
line (plane of longitudinal symmetry).
5.3.3. No part of a TLS, with the exception of the plane on which the vehicle
rests, shall be closer than 0,5 m to any part of the vehicle.
5.3.4. Any field generating device which isplaced over the vehicle s hall
extend centrally over at least 75 % of the length of the vehicle.
5.4. Reference point
5.4.1. For the purposes of this Annex the reference point is the point at which
the field strength shall be established and shall be defined as follows:
5.4.1.1. at least 2 m horizontally from the antenna phase centre or at least 1 m
vertically from the radiating elementsof a TLS,
5.4.1.2. on the vehicle'scentre line (plane of longitudinal s ymmetry),
5.4.1.3. at a height of 1,0 ± 0,05 m above the plane on which the vehicle rests
or 2,0 ± 0,05 m if the minimum height of the roof of any vehicle in the
model range exceeds3,0 m,
5.4.1.4. either:
1,0 ± 0,2 m inside the vehicle, measured from the point of intersection
of the vehicle windscreen and bonnet (point C in Appendix 1 to this
Annex), or 0,2 ± 0,2 m from the centre line of the foremost axle of
the vehicle measured towards the centre of the vehicle (point D in
Appendix 2 to thisAnnex),
whichever results in a reference point closer to the antenna.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 41
▼M2
5.5. If it isdecided to radiate the rear of the vehicle, the reference point
shall be established as in paragraph 5.4. The vehicle shall then be
installed facing away from the antenna and positioned as if it had been
horizontally rotated 180º around itscentre point, i.e. s uch that the
distance from the antenna to the nearest part of the outer body of the
vehicle remains the same. This is illustrated in Appendix 3 to this
Annex.
6.Testrequirements
6.1. Frequency range, dwell times, polarization
The vehicle shall be exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the 20 to
1 000 MHz frequency range.
6.1.1. To confirm that the vehicle meetsthe requirementsof thisAnnex, the
vehicle shall be tested at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range, e.g.:
27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and
900 MHz.
The response time of the equipment under test shall be considered and
the dwell time shall be sufficient to allow the equipment under test to
react under normal conditions. In any case, it shall not be less than two
seconds.
6.1.2. One mode of polarization shall be used at each frequency — see para-
graph 5.1.3.
6.1.3. All other test parameters shall be as defined in this Annex.6.1.4. If a vehicle failsthe tes t defined in paragraph 6.1.1 of thisAnnex, it
must be verified as having failed under the relevant test conditions and
not as a result of the generation of uncontrolled fields.
7.Generationofrequiredfieldstrength
7.1. Test methodology7.1.1. The ‘substitution method’ shall be used to establish the test field condi-
tions.
7.1.2. Calibration phase
At each test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the field
generating device to produce the required field strength at the reference
point (asdefined in paragraph 5) in the tes t area with the vehicle
absent, the level of forward power, or another parameter directly related
to the forward power required to define the field, shall be measured and
the results recorded. Test frequencies shall lie in the range 20 to
1 000 MHz. Calibration shall be made, starting at 20, in steps notgreater than two per cent of the previousfrequency finis hing at
1 000 MHz. These results shall be used for type approval tests unless
changes occur in the facilities or equipment which necessitate this
procedure being repeated.
7.1.3. Test phase
The vehicle shall then be introduced into the test facility and positioned
in accordance with the requirementsof paragraph 5. The required
forward power defined in paragraph 7.1.2 at each frequency asdefined
in paragraph 6.1.1 shall then be applied to the field generating device.
7.1.4. Whatever parameter waschos en in paragraph 7.1.2 to define the field,
the same parameter shall be used to establish the field strength during
the test.
7.1.5. The field generating equipment and itslayout employed during the tes t
shall be to the same specification as that used during the operations
performed in paragraph 7.1.2.
7.1.6. Field strength measuring device
A suitable compact field strength measuring device shall be used to
determine the field strength during the calibration phase of the substitu-
tion method.
7.1.7. During the calibration phase of the substitution method, the phase
centre of the field strength measuring device shall be positioned at the
reference point.
7.1.8. If a calibrated receiving antenna is used as the field strength measuring
device, readingss hall be obtained in three mutually orthogonal direc-1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 42
▼M2
tions and the isotropic equivalent value of the readings shall be taken as
the field strength.
7.1.9. To take account of different vehicle geometries, a number of antennae
positions or reference points may need to be established for a given test
facility.
7.2. Field strengh contour
7.2.1. During the calibration phase of the substitution method (prior to a
vehicle being introduced into the test area), the field strength in at least
80 % of the calibration steps shall not be less than 50 % of the nominal
field strength, at the following locations:
(a) for all field generating devices, 0,5 ± 0,05 m either side of the
reference point on a line passing through the reference point and
at the same height as the reference point, and perpendicular to the
vehicle plane of longitudinal symmetry;
(b) in the case of a TGLS, 1,50 ± 0,05 m on a line passing through the
reference point at the same height as the reference point and along
the line of longitudinal symmetry.
7.3. Chamber resonance
Notwithstanding the condition expressed in 7.2.1, tests shall not be
performed at chamber reasonant frequencies.
7.4. Characteristics of the test signal to be generated.
7.4.1. Maximum envelope excursion
The maximum envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the
maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated sine wave whose
rms value in volts/m is defined in paragraph 6.4.2 of Annex I (see
Appendix 4 to thisAnnex).
7.4.2. Test signal wave form
The test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude modu-
lated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depth m of 0,8 ± 0,04.
7.4.3. Modulation depth
The modulation depth m isdefined as :
m=maximum envelope excursion − minimum envelope excursion
maximum envelope excursion + minimum envelope excursion1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 43
▼M2
Appendix 1
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 44
▼M2
Appendix 2
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 45
▼M2
Appendix 3
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 46
▼M2
Appendix 4
Characteristics of test signal to be generated
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 47
▼M2
ANNEX VII
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELEC-
TROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
SUB-ASSEMBLIES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs which
may be subsequently fitted to vehicles which comply with Annex IV.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publica-
tion No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (CISPR).
A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of broadband
electromagnetic emissions in this Annex, or if a peak detector is used an
appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the interference
pulse rate.
1.3. Test method
This test is intended to measure broadband electromagnetic emissions
from ESAs.
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m
(microvolts/m), for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B
(expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the
readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band width
through multiplication by a factor 120/B.
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1
(93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference
(CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to this Annex).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located shall be outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to this Annex.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between
the enclosed test facility and an approved outdoor site. Enclosed test
facilitiesdo not need to meet the dimens ional requirementsof Appendix
1 to thisAnnex other than the dis tance from the antenna to the ESA
under test and the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix
2 to thisAnnex).
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude suffi-
cient to affect materially the measurement, measurements hall be taken
before and after the main test. In both of these measurements, the extra-
neous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of
interference given in paragraph 6.5.2.1 of Annex I, except for interna-
tional narrowband ambient transmissions.
4.ESAstateduringtests
4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode.4.2. Measurements shall not be made while rain of other precipitation is
falling on the ESA under test or within 10 minutes after such rain or
other precipitation hass topped.
4.3. Test arrangements4.3.1. The ESA under test and its wiring harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm
above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However, if any part
of the ESA under test is intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's
metal bodywork, that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be
electrically bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a
metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size
of the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shall
allow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and components.
The ground plane shall be connected to the protective conductor of the1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 48
▼M2
earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated at a height of
1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be parallel to it.
4.3.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its
requirements. The power supply harness shall be positioned along, and
within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table closest to the
antenna.
4.3.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according
to the manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding
connectionss hall be permitted.
4.3.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conduc-
tive structures, such as walls of a shielded ares (with the exception of the
ground plane/table underneath the test object) must be 1,0 m.
4.4. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 µH/50 Ωartificial
network (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The
electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal
system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of
the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring
port.
4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting
cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the
vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic
control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom
should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real
loadsand actuators . If extraneousequipment isrequired for the correct
operation of the ESA under test, compensation shall be made for the
contribution it makes to the emissions measured.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any linearly polarized antenna may be used provided it can be normal-
ized to the reference antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement
5.2.1. Height
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 150 ± 10 mm above ground
plane.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement
The horizontal distance from the phase centre of tip of the antenna as
appropriate, to the edge of the ground plane shall be 1,00 ± 0,05 m. No
part of the antenna shall be closer than 0,5 m to the ground plane.
The antenna shall be placed parallel to a plane which is perpendicular to
the ground plane and coincident with the edge of the ground plane alongwhich the principal portion of the harness runs.
5.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electro-
magnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no
closer than 0,5 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m
to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absorbent material
between the receiving antenna and the ESA under test.
5.3. Antenna orientation and polarization
At the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a
vertical and in a horizontal polarization.
5.4. Readings
The maximum of the two readingstaken (in accordance with paragraph
5.3) at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at
the frequency at which the measurements were made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency
range. An ESA is considered as very likely to satisfy the required limits
over the whole frequency range if it satisfies them at the following 13
frequenciesin the range, e.g.: 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380,
450, 600, 750 and 900 MHz.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 49
▼M2
In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall
be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA and not to background
radiation.
6.1.1. The limitsapply thorughout the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz.
6.1.2. Measurements can be performed with either quasi-peak or peak detectors.
The limitsgiven in paragraphs6.2 and 6.5 are for quas i-peak. If peak is
used, add 38 dB for 1 MHz band width or subtract 22 dB for 1 kHz band
width.
6.2. Tolerances
Spot frequency
(MHz)Tolerance
(MHz)
45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190 and 230 ± 5
280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 ± 20
The tolerancesapply to frequenciesquoted and are intended to avoid
interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot
frequenciesduring the time of meas urement.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 50
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure1
Electrical/electronic sub-assemblytestareaboundary
Level clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 51
▼M2
Appendix 2
Figure1
Radiatedelectromagnetic emissionsfromanESAtestlayout(General planview)1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 52
▼M2
Appendix 2
Figure2
Radiated electromagnetic emissions from an ESA view of test bench plane of longitudinal
symmetry1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 53
▼M2
ANNEX VIII
METHODOFMEASUREMENTOFRADIATEDNARROWBANDELEC-
TROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
SUB-ASSEMBLIES
1.General
1.1. The test method described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs.
1.2. Measuring apparatus
The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publica-
tion No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on RadioInterference (CISFR).
An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement
of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex.
1.3. Test method
1.3.1. This test is intended to measure the narrowband electromagnetic radiation
such as might emanate from a microprocessor-based system.
1.3.2. As a short (2 to 3 minutes) initial step, choosing one antenna polarization,
it ispermitted to make s weepsof the frequency range identified in para-
graph 6.1 of this Annex using a spectrum analyser to indicate the
existence and/or whereabouts of peak emissions. This may assist in the
choice of frequencies to be tested (see paragraph 6 of this Annex).
2.Expressionofresults
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m
(microvolts/m).
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1
(93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference
(CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to Annex VII).
3.2. The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is
located shall be outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to Annex VII.
3.3. Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between
the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do
not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Appendix 1 to Annex
VII other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA under test and
the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 to Annex
VII).
3.4. Ambient
To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude suffi-
cient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken
before and after the main test. In both of these measurements, the extra-
neous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of
interference given in paragraph 6.6.2.1 of Annex I, except for intentional
narrowband ambient transmissions.
4.ESAstateduringtests
4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode.
4.2. Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is
falling on the ESA under test or within 10 minutes after rain or other
precipitation hass topped.
4.3. Test arrangements4.3.1. The ESA under test and its wiring harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm
above a wooden or equivalent non-conducting table. However, if any part
of the ESA under test is intended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle's
metal bodywork, that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be
electrically bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a
metallic sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size
of the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shall
allow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and components.
The ground plane shall be connected to the protective conductor of the1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 54
▼M2
earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated at a height of
1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be parallel to it.
4.3.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its
requirements. The power supply harness shall be positioned along, and
within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table closest to the
antenna.
4.3.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system according
to the manufacturer's installation specification, no additional grounding
connectionss hall be permitted.
4.3.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other conduc-
tive structures, such as walls of a shielded area (with the exception of the
ground plane/table underneath the test object) must be 1,0 m.
4.4. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 µH/50 Ωresistance
artificial network (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground
plane. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its
nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than
1,5 % of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN moni-
toring port.
4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting
cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the
vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic
control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom
should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real
loadsand actuators . If extraneousequipment isrequired for the correct
operation of the ESA under test, compensation shall be made for the
contribution it makes to the emissions measured.
5.Antennatype,positionandorientation
5.1. Antenna type
Any linearly polarized antenna may be used provided it can be normal-
ized to the reference antenna.
5.2. Height and distance of measurement5.2.1. Height
The phase centre of the antenna shall be 50 ± 10 mm above ground
plane.
5.2.2. Distance of measurement
The horizontal distance from the phase centre, or tip of the antenna as
appropriate, to the edge of the ground plane shall be 1,00 ± 0,05 m. No
part of the antenna shall be closer than 0,5 m to the ground plane. The
antenna shall be placed parallel to a plane which is perpendicular to the
ground plane and coincident with the edge of the ground plane along
which the principal portion of the harness runs.
5.2.3. If the test is carried out in a facility enclosed for radio frequency electro-
magnetic screening purposes, the antenna's receiving elements shall be no
closer than 0,5 m to any radio absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m
to the wall of the enclosed facility. There must be no absorbent material
between the receiving antenna and vehicle electrical/electronic system
under test.
5.3. Antenna orientation and polarization
At the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a
vertical and in a horizontal polarization.
5.4. Readings
The maximum of the two readingstaken (in accordance with paragraph
5.3) at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at
the frequency at which the measurements were made.
6.Frequencies
6.1. Measurements
Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency
range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot
frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satis-
fied. To confirm that the ESA under test meets the requirements of this
Annex, the testing authority shall test one such point in each of the
following 13 frequency bands:1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 55
▼M2
30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to
250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to
1 000 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, inves-
tigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA under test
and not to background radiation.
6.2. If during the initial step which may have been carried out as described in
paragraph 1.3 of this Annex, the radiated narrowband emissions for any
of the bandsidentified in paragraph 6.1 are at leas t 10 dB below the
reference limit, then the ESA shall be deemed to comply with the
requirementsof thisAnnex in res pect of that frequency band.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 56
▼M2
ANNEX IX
METHOD(S) OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF ELECTRICAL/ELEC-
TRONICSUB-ASSEMBLIESTOELECTROMAGNETICRADIATION
1.General
1.1. The test method(s) described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs.1.2. Test methods1.2.1. ESAsmay comply with the requirementsof any combination of the
following test methods at the manufacturer's discretion provided that
this results in the full frequency range specified in paragraph 5.1 of
thisAnnex being covered.
— Stripline testing: see Appendix 1 to this Annex
— Bulk current injection testing: see Appendix 2 to this Annex
— TEM cell testing: see Appendix 3 to this Annex— Free field test: see Appendix 4 to this Annex
1.2.2. Due to radiation of electromagnetic fields during these tests, all
testing shall be conducted in a shielded area (the TEM cell is a
shielded area).
2.Expressionofresults
For the tests described in this Annex, field strengths shall be
expressed in volts/m and injected current shall be expressed in milli-
amps.
3.Measuringlocation
3.1. The test facility shall be capable of generating the required test signal
over the frequency rangesdefined in thisAnnex. The tes t facility
shall comply with (national) legal requirements regarding the emis-
sion of electromagnetic signals.
3.2. The measuring equipment shall be located outside the chamber.
4.StateofESAduringtests
4.1. The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. It shall be
arranged as defined in this Annex unless individual test methods
dictate otherwise.
4.2. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 µ H/50 Ω)
artificial network (AN), which shall be electrically grounded. The
electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal
system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 %
of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN moni-
toring port.
4.3. Any extraneousequipment required to operate the ESA under tes t
shall be in place during the calibration phase. No extraneous equip-
ment shall be closer than 1 m from the reference point during
calibration.
4.4. To ensure reproducible measurement results are obtained when tests
and measurements are repeated, the test signal generating equipment
and its layout shall be to the same specification as that used during
each appropriate calibration phase (paragraphs 7.2, 7.3.2.3, 8.4, 9.2
and 10.2 of thisAnnex).
4.5. If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the intercon-
necting cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for
use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the
electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables
in the loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and
preferably with real loadsand actuators .
5.Frequencyrange,dwelltimes
5.1. Measurements shall be made in the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency range.5.2. To confirm that the ESA(s) meet(s) the requirements of this Annex,
the tests shall be performed at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range,
e.g.:1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 57
▼M2
27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and
900 MHz
The response time of the equipment under test shall be considered
and the dwell time shall be sufficient to allow the equipment under
test to react under normal conditions. In any case, it shall not be less
than two seconds.
6.Characteristicsoftestsignaltobegenerated
6.1. Maximum envelope excursion
The maximuim envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the
maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated sine wave whose
rmsvalue isdefined in paragraph 6.4.2 of Annex I (s ee Appendix 4
of Annex VI).
6.2. Test signal wave form
The test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude modu-
lated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depth m of 0,8 ± 0,04.
6.3. Modulation depth
The modulation depth m isdefined as :
m=maximum envelope excursion − minimum envelope excursion
maximum envelope excursion + minimum envelope excursion
7.Striplinetesting
7.1. Test method
This test method consists of subjecting the wiring harness connecting
the components in an ESA to specified field strengths.
7.2. Field strength measurement in the stripline
At each desired test frequency a level of power shall be fed into the
stripline to produce the required field strength in the test area with the
ESA under test absent, this level of forward power, or another para-
meter directly related to the forward power required to define the
field, shall be measured and the results recorded. These results shall
be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the facilities
or equipment which necessitate this procedure being repeated. During
this process, the position of the field probe head shall be under the
active conductor, centred in longitudinal, vertical and transversal
directions. The housing of the probe's electronics shall be as far
away from the longitudinal stripline axis as possible.
7.3. Installation of the ESA under test
7.3.1. 150 mm stripline testing
The test method allows the generation of homogeneous fields between
an active conductor (the stripline 50 Ωimpedance), and a ground
plane (the conducting surface of the mounting table), between which
part of the wiring harness may be inserted. The electronic control-
ler(s) of the ESA under test shall be installed on the ground plane
but outside the stripline with one of its edges parallel to the active
conductor of the stripline. It shall be 200 ± 10 mm from a line on
the ground plane directly under the edge of the active conductor.
The distance between any edge of the active conductor and any
peripheral device used for measurement shall be at least 200 mm.
The wiring harness section of the ESA under test shall be placed in
a horizontal attitude between the active conductor and the ground
plane (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 1 to this Annex).
7.3.1.1. The minimum length of the wiring harness, which shall include the
power harness to the electronic control unit and shall be placed under
the stripline, shall be 1,5 m unless the wiring harness in the vehicle is
less than 1,5 m. In this case, the length of the wiring harness shall be
that of the longest length of harness used in the vehicle installation.
Any line branchesoccurring in thislength s hall be routed perpendicu-
larly to the longitudinal axisof the line.
7.3.1.2. Alternatively, the fully extended length of the wiring harness,
including the length of the longest of any branches, shall be 1,5 m.
7.3.2. 800 mm stripline testing1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 58
▼M2
7.3.2.1. Test method
The stripline consists of two parallel metallic plates separated by
800 mm. Equipment under test is positioned centrally between the
plates and subjected to an electromagnetic field (see Figures 3 and 4
of Appendix 1 to thisAnnex).
This method can test complete electronic systems including sensors
and actuatorsaswell asthe controller and wiring loom. It iss uitable
for apparatus whose largest dimension is less than one-third of the
plate separation.
7.3.2.2. Positioning of stripline
The stripline shall be housed in a screened room (to prevent external
emissions) and positioned 2 m away from walls and any metallic
enclosure to prevent electromagnetic reflections. RF absorber material
may be used to damp these reflections. The stripline shall be placed
on non-conducting supports at least 0,4 m above the floor.
7.3.2.3. Calibration of the stripline
A field measuring probe shall be positioned within the central one-
third of the longitudinal, vertical and transverse dimensions of the
space between the parallel plates with the system under test absent.
The associated measuring equipment shall be sited outside the screen
room.
At each desired test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the
stripline to produce the required field strength at the antenna. This
level of forward power, or another parameter directly related to the
forward power required to define the field, shall be used for type
approval tests unless changes occur in the facilities or equipment
which necessitate this procedure being repeated.
7.3.2.4. Installation of the ESA under test
The main control unit shall be positioned within the central one-third
of the longitudinal, vertical and transverse dimensions of the space
between the parallel plates. It shall be supported on a stand made
from non-conducting material.
7.3.2.5. Main wiring loom and sensor/actuator cables
The main wiring loom and any sensor/actuator cables shall rise verti-
cally from the control unit to the top ground plate (thishelpsto
maximise coupling with the electromagnetic field). Then they shall
follow the underside of the plate to one of its free edges where they
s hall loop over and follow the top of the ground plate asfar asthe
connections to the stripline feed. The cables shall then be routed to
the associated equipment which shall be sited in an area outside the
influence of the electromagnetic field, e.g.: on the floor of the
screened room 1 m longitudinally away from the stripline.
8.Free fieldESAimmunitytest
8.1. Test method
This test method allows the testing of vehicle electrical/electronic
systems by exposing an ESA to electromagnetic radiation generated
by an antenna.
8.2. Test bench description
The test shall be performed inside a semi-anechoic chamber on a
bench top.
8.2.1. Ground plane8.2.1.1. For free field immunity testing, the ESA under test and its wiring
harnesses shall be supported 50 ± 5 mm above a wooden or equiva-
lent non-conducting table. However, if any part of the ESA under test
isintended to be electrically bonded to a vehicle'smetal bodywork,
that part shall be placed on a ground plane and shall be electrically
bonded to the ground plane. The ground plane shall be a metallic
sheet with a minimum thickness of 0,5 mm. The minimum size of
the ground plane depends on the size of the ESA under test but shallallow for the distribution of the ESA's wiring harness and compo-
nents. The ground plane shall be connected to the protective
conductor of the earthing system. The ground plane shall be situated
at a height of 1,0 ± 0,1 m above the test facility floor and shall be
parallel to it.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 59
▼M2
8.2.1.2. The ESA under test shall be arranged and connected according to its
requirements. The power supply harness shall be positioned along,
and within 100 mm of, the edge of the ground plane/table closest to
the antenna.
8.2.1.3. The ESA under test shall be connected to the grounding system
according to the manufacturer's installation specification, no addi-
tional grounding connectionss hall be permitted.
8.2.1.4. The minimum distance between the ESA under test and all other
conductive structures, such as walls of a shielded area (with the
exception of the ground plane/table underneath the test object) must
be 1,0 m.
8.2.1.5. The dimension of any ground plane shall be 2,25 square meter or
larger in area with the smaller side no less than 750 mm. The ground
plane shall be bonded to the chamber with bonding straps such that
the DC bonding resistance shall not exceed 2,5 milliohms.
8.2.2. Installation of ESA under test
For large equipment mounted on a metal test stand, the test stand
shall be considered a part of the ground plane for testing purposes
and shall be bonded accordingly. The faces of the test sample shall
be located at a minimum of 200 mm from the edge of the ground
plane. All leadsand cabless hall be a minimum of 100 mm from the
edge of the ground plane and the distance to the ground plane (from
the lowest point of the harness) shall be 50 ± 5 mm above the ground
plane. Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 µ H/
50Ω)artificial network (AN).
8.3. Field generating device type, position and orientation8.3.1. Field generating device type8.3.1.1. The field generating device type(s) shall be chosen such that the
desired field strength is achieved at the reference point (see paragraph
8.3.4 of thisAnnex) at the appropriate frequencies .
8.3.1.2. The field generating device(s) may be (an) antenna(s) or a plate
antenna.
8.3.1.3. The construction and orientation of any field generating device shall
be such that the generated field is polarised:
from 20 to 1 000 MHz horizontally or vertically.
8.3.2. Height and distance of measurement8.3.2.1. Height
The phase centre of any antenna shall be 150 ± 10 mm above the
ground plane on which the ESA under test rests. No parts of any
antenna's radiating elements shall be closer than 250 mm to the floor
of the facility.
8.3.2.2. Distance of measurement8.3.2.2.1. In-service conditions may best be approximated by placing the field
generating device asfar from the ESA aspractical. Thisdis tance
will typically lie within the range 1 to 5 m.
8.3.2.2.2. If the test is carried out in an enclosed facility, the field generating
device's radiating elements shall be no closer than 0,5 m to any radio
absorbent material and no closer than 1,5 m to the wall of the facility.
There shall be no absorbent material interposed between the transmit-
ting antenna and the ESA under test.
8.3.3. Antenna location relative to ESA under test8.3.3.1. The field generating device's radiating elements shall not be closer
than 0,5 m to the edge of the ground plane.
8.3.3.2. The phase centre of the field generating device shall be on a plane
which:
(a) isperpendicular to the ground plane;
(b) bisects the edge of the ground plane and the midpoint of the prin-
cipal portion of the wiring harness;
and
(c) isperpendicular to the edge of the ground plane and the principal
portion of the wiring harness.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 60
▼M2
The field generating device shall be placed parallel to this plane (see
Figures1 and 2 of Appendix 4 to thisAnnex).
8.3.3.3. Any field generating device which isplaced over the ground plane or
ESA under test shall extend over the ESA under test.
8.3.4. Reference point
For the purpose of this Annex the reference point is the point at
which the field strength shall be established and shall be defined as
follows:
8.3.4.1. at least 1 m horizontally from the antenna phase centre or at least 1 m
vertically from the radiating elementsof a plate antenna;
8.3.4.2. on a plane which:
(a) isperpendicular to the ground plane;
(b) isperpendicular to the edge of the ground plane along which the
principal portion of the wiring harness runs;
and
(c) bisects the edge of the ground plane and the midpoint of the prin-
cipal portion of the wiring harness;
(d) coincident with the midpoint of the principal portion of the
harness which runs along the edge of the ground plane closest to
the antenna;
8.3.4.3. 150 ± 10 mm above the ground plane.8.4. Generation of required field strength: test methodology8.4.1. the ‘substitution method’ shall be used to establish the test field
conditions.
8.4.2. Substitution method
At each desired test frequency, a level of power shall be fed into the
field generating device to produce the required field strength at the
reference point (asdefined in paragraph 8.3.4 in the tes t area with
the ESA under test absent), this level of forward power, or another
parameter directly related to the forward power required to define
the field, shall be measured and the results recorded. These results
shall be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the facil-
ities or equipment which necessitates this procedure being repeated.
8.4.3. Extraneousequipment mus t be a minimum of 1 m from the reference
point during calibration.
8.4.4. Field strength measuring device
A suitable compact field strength measuring device shall be used to
determine the field strength during the calibration phase of the substi-
tution method.
8.4.5. The phase centre of the field strength measuring device shall be posi-
tioned at the reference point.
8.4.6. The ESA under test which may include an additional ground plane
shall then be introduced into the test facility and positioned in accor-
dance with the requirementsof paragraph 8.3. If a s econd ground
plane is used, then it shall be within 5 mm of the bench ground plane
and electrically bounded to it. The required forward power defined in
paragraph 8.4.2 at each frequency asdefined in paragraph 5 s hall then
be applied to the field generating device.
8.4.7. Whatever parameter waschos en in paragraph 8.4.2 to define the field,
the same parameter shall be used to determine the field strength
during the test.
8.5. Field strength contour
8.5.1. During the calibration phase of the substitution method (prior to an
ESA under test being introduced into the test area), the field strength
shall not be less than 50 % of the nominal field strength 0,5 ± 0,05 m
either side of the reference point on a line parallel to the edge of the
ground plane nearest to the antenna and passing through the reference
point.
9.TEMcell testing
9.1. Test method1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 61
▼M2
The TEM (transverse electromagnetic mode) cell generates homoge-
neous fields between the internal conductor (septum) and housing
(ground plane). It is used for testing ESAs (see Figure 1 of Appendix
3 to thisAnnex)).
9.2. Field strength measurement in a TEM cell9.2.1. The electric field in the TEM cell shall be determined by using the
equation:
Ejj¼ﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃ
P/C2Z ðÞp
d
E = Electric field (volts/metre)
P = Power flowing into cell (W)Z = Impedance of cell (50 Ω)
d = Separation distance (metres) between the upper wall and the
plate (septum).
9.2.2. Alternatively an appropriate field strength sensor shall be placed in
the upper half of the TEM cell. In thispart of the TEM cell the elec-
tronic control unit(s) has only a small influence on the test field. The
output of this sensor shall determine the field strength.
9.3. Dimensions of TEM cell
In order to maintain a homogeneousfield in the TEM cell and to
obtain repeatable measurement results, the test object shall not be
larger than one-third of the cell inside height. Recommended TEM
cell dimensions are given in Appendix 3, Figures 2 and 3 to this
Annex.
9.4. Power, signal and control wires
The TEM cell shall be attached to a co-axial socket panel and
connected as closely as possible to a plug connector with an adequate
number of pins. The supply and signal leads from the plug connector
in the cell wall shall be directly connected to the test object.
The external components such as sensors, power supply and control
elementscan be connected:
(a) to a screened peripheral;
(b) to a vehicle next to the TEM cell;
or
(c) directly to the screened patchboard.
Screened cables must be used in connecting the TEM cell to the
peripheral or the vehicle if the vehicle or peripheral isnot in the
same or adjacent screened room.
10.Bulkcurrentinjectiontesting
10.1. Test method
Thisisa method of carrying out immunity tes tsby inducing currents
directly into a wiring harness using a current injection probe. The
injection probe consists of a coupling clamp through which the cables
of the ESA under test are passed. Immunity tests can then be carried
out by varying the frequency of the induced signals.
The ESA under test may be installed on a ground plane as in para-
graph 8.2.1 or in a vehicle in accordance with the vehicle design
specification.
10.2. Calibration of bulk current injection probe prior to commencing tests
The injection probe shall be mounted in a calibration jig. Whilst
sweeping the test frequency range, the power required to achieve the
current specified in Annex I, paragraph 6.7.2.1 shall be monitored.
This method calibrates the bulk current injection system forward
power versus current prior to testing, and it is this forward power
which shall be applied to the injection probe when connected to the
ESA under test via the cables used during calibration. It should be
noted that the monitored power applied to the injection probe isthe
forward power.
10.3. Installation of the ESA under test1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 62
▼M2
For an ESA mounted on a ground plane asin paragraph 8.2.1 all
cables in the wiring harness should be terminated as realistically as
possible and preferably with real loads and actuators. For both vehicle
mounted and ground plane mounted ESAsthe current injection probe
shall be mounted in turn around all the wires in the wiring harness to
each connector and 150 ± 10mm from each connector of the ESA
under test electronic control units (ECU), instrument modules or
active sensors as illustrated in Figure 1 of Appendix 2.
10.4. Power, signal and control wires
For an ESA under test mounted on a ground plane as in paragraph
8.2.1, a wiring harness shall be connected between an artificial
network (AN) and the principal electronic control unit (ECU). This
harness shall run parallel to the edge of the ground plane and
200 mm minimum from its edge. This harness shall contain the power
feed wire which isus ed to connect the vehicle battery to thisECU
and the power return wire if used on the vehicle.
The distance from the ECU to the AN shall be 1,0 ± 0,1 m or shall be
the harness length between the ECU and the battery as used on the
vehicle, if known, whichever is the shorter. If a vehicle harness is
used then any line branches which occur in this length shall be routed
along the ground plane but perpendicular away from the edge of the
ground plane. Otherwise the ESA under test wires which are in this
length shall break out at the AN.1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 63
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure1
150 mm Stripline testing
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 64
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure2
150mmStriplinetesting1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 65
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure3
800 mm Stripline testing
1 = Ground plate
2 = Main loom and sensor/actuator cables
3 = Wooden frame
4 = Driven plate
5 = Insulator
6 = Test object1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 66
▼M2
Appendix 1
Figure4
800 mm Stripline dimensions
1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 67
▼M2
Appendix 2
Figure1
Example of BCI test configuration
1 = DUT
2 = RF measuring probe (optional)
3 = RF injection probe
4 = Artifical network
5 = Shielded room filter network
6 = Power source
7 = DUT interface: stimulation and monitoring equipment
8 = Signal generator
9 = Broadband amplifier
10 = RF 50 Ωdirectional complex
11 = RF power level measuring device or equivalent
12 = Spectrum analyser or equivalent (optional)
Example of BCI test configuration1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 68
▼M2
Appendix 3
Figure1
TEM cell resting
1 = Outer conducter, shield
2 = Inner conducter (septum)
3 = Insulator
4 = Input
5 = Insulator
6 = Door
7 = Socket panel
8 = Test object power supply
9 = Terminating resistance 50 Ω
10 = Insulation
11 = Test object (maximum height one third of distance between cell floor and septum)1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 69
▼M2
Appendix 3
Figure2
Design of rectangular TEM cell1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 70
▼M2
Appendix 3
Figure3
The following table shows the dimensions for constructing a cell with specified
upper frequency limits:
Upper
frequency
(MHz)Cell form
factor
W: bCell form
factor
L/WPlate separa-
tion
b (cm)Septum
S (cm)
200 1,69 0,66 56 70
200 1,00 1 60 50
Typical TEM cell dimensions1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 71
▼M2
Appendix 4
Figure1
Free fieldESAimmunitytest
Testlayout(generalplanview)1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 72
▼M2
Appendix 4
Figure2
Free fieldESAimmunitytest
Viewoftestbenchplaneoflongitudinalsymmetry1972L0245 — EN — 28.11.1995 — 002.001 — 73