1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE92/43/EEC
of21May1992
ontheconservationofnaturalhabitatsandofwildfaunaandflora
(OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►A1Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C241 21 29.8.1994
(adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 1 1 1.1.1995
Corrected by:►
C1Corrigendum, OJ L 176, 20.7.1993, p. 29 (92/43/EEC)
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE92/43/EEC
of21May1992
ontheconservationofnaturalhabitatsandofwildfaunaandflora
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(3),
Whereas the preservation, protection and improvement of the quality of
the environment, including the conservation of natural habitats and of
wild fauna and flora, are an essential objective of general interestpursued by the Community, as stated in Article 130r of the Treaty;
Whereas the European Community policy and action programme on
the environment (1987 to 1992)(
4) makes provision for measures
regarding the conservation of nature and natural resources;
Whereas, the main aim of this Directive being to promote the mainte-
nance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and
regional requirements, this Directive makes a contribution to the
general objective of sustainable development; whereas the maintenanceof suchbiodiversity may in certain cases require th e maintenance, orindeed the encouragement, of human activities;
Whereas, in the European territory of the Member States, natural habi-
tats are continuing to deteriorate and an increasing number of wildspecies are seriously threatened; whereas given that the threatenedhabitats and species form part of the Community's natural heritageand the threats to them are often of a transboundary nature, it is neces-sary to take measures at Community level in order to conserve them;
Whereas, in view of the threats to certain types of natural habitat and
certain species, it is necessary to define them as having priority inorder to favour the early implementation of measures to conserve them;
Whereas, in order to ensure the restoration or maintenance of natural
habitats and species of Community interest at a favourable conserva-tion status, it is necessary to designate special areas of conservation inorder to create a coherent European ecological network according to aspecified timetable;
Whereas all the areas designated, including those classified now or in
the future as special protection areas pursuant to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds(
5), will
have to be incorporated into the coherent European ecological network;
Whereas it is appropriate, in each area designated, to implement the
necessary measures having regard to the conservation objectivespursued;
Whereas sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation
are proposed by the Member States but whereas a procedure mustnevertheless be laid down to allow the designation in exceptional casesof a site which has not been proposed by a Member State but which theCommunity considers essential for either the maintenance or thesurvival of a priority natural habitat type or a priority species;1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 247, 21. 9. 1988, p. 3 and
OJ No C 195, 3. 8. 1990, p. 1.
(2) OJ No C 75, 20. 3. 1991, p. 12.
(3) OJ No C 31, 6. 2. 1991, p. 25.
(4) OJ No C 328, 7. 12. 1987, p. 1.
(5) OJ No L 103, 25. 4. 1979, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 91/
244/ECC (OJ No L 115, 8. 5. 1991, p. 41).
▼B
Whereas an appropriate assessment must be made of any plan or
programme likely to have a significant effect on the conservationobjectives of a site which has been designated or is designated in
future;
Whereas it is recognized that the adoption of measures intended to
promote the conservation of priority natural habitats and priority
species of Community interest is a common responsibility of allMember States; whereas this may, however, impose an excessive finan-cial burden on certain Member States given, on the one hand, theuneven distribution of such habitats and species throughout theCommunity and, on the other hand, the fact that the ‘polluter pays’
principle can have only limited application in the special case of nature
conservation;
Whereas it is therefore agreed that, in this exceptional case, a contribu-
tion by means of Community co-financing should be provided for
within the limits of the resources made available under the Commu-nity's decisions;
Whereas land-use planning and development policies should encourage
the management of features of the landscape which are of major impor-tance for wild fauna and flora;
Whereas a system should be set up for surveillance of the conservation
status of the natural habitats and species covered by this Directive;
Whereas a general system of protection is required for certain species
of flora and fauna to complement Directive 79/409/EEC; whereasprovision should be made for management measures for certainspecies, if their conservation status so warrants, including the prohibi-tion of certain means of capture or killing, whilst providing for thepossibility of derogations on certain conditions;
Whereas, with the aim of ensuring that the implementation of this
Directive is monitored, the Commission will periodically prepare a
composite report based, inter alia, on the information sent to it by the
Member States regarding the application of national provisions adoptedunder this Directive;
Whereas the improvement of scientific and technical knowledge is
essential for the implementation of this Directive; whereas it is conse-quently appropriate to encourage the necessary research and scientificwork;
Whereas technical and scientific progress mean that it must be possible
to adapt the Annexes; whereas a procedure should be establishedwhereby the Council can amend the Annexes;
Whereas a regulatory committee should be set up to assist the Commis-
sion in the implementation of this Directive and in particular whendecisions on Community co-financing are taken;
Whereas provision should be made for supplementary measures
governing the reintroduction of certain native species of fauna and floraand the possible introduction of non-native species;
Whereas education and general information relating to the objectives of
this Directive are essential for ensuring its effective implementation,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Definitions
Article 1
For the purpose of this Directive:
(a)conservation means a series of measures required to maintain or
restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wildfauna and flora at a favourable status as defined in (e) and (i);1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 3
▼B
(b)natural habitats means terrestrial or aquatic areas distinguished by
geographic, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural orsemi-natural;
(c)natural habitat types of Community interest means those which,
within the territory referred to in Article 2:
(i) are in danger of disappearance in their natural range;
or
(ii) have a small natural range following their regression or by
reason of their intrinsically restricted area;
or
(iii) present outstanding examples of typical characteristics of one
or more of the ►
A1six◄following biogeographical
regions: Alpine, Atlantic, ►A1Boreal,◄Continental,
Macaronesian and Mediterranean.
Suchh abitat types are listed or may be listed in Annex I;
(d)priority natural habitat types means natural habitat types in danger
of disappearence, which are present on the territory referred to in
Article 2 and for the conservation of which the Community hasparticular responsibility in view of the proportion of their naturalrange which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; thesepriority natural habitat types are indicated by an asterisk (*) inAnnex I;
(e)conservation status of a natural habitat means the sum of the
influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species thatmay affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and func-
tions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species
within the territory referred to in Article 2.
►
C1The conservation status ◄of a natural habitat will be taken
as ‘favourable’ when:
— its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable
or increasing, and
— the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its
long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist
for the foreseeable future, and
— the conservation status of its typical species is favourable as
defined in (i);
(f)habitat of a species means an environment defined by specific
abiotic and biotic factors, in which the species lives at any stage
of its biological cycle;
(g)species of Community interest means species which, within the
territory referred to in Article 2, are:
(i) endangered, except those species whose natural range is
marginal in that territory and which are not endangered orvulnerable in the western palearctic region; or
(ii) vulnerable, i.e. believed likely to move into the endangered
category in the near future if the causal factors continue oper-ating; or
(iii) rare, i.e. withsmall populations th at are not at present endan-
gered or vulnerable, but are at risk. The species are located
within restricted geographical areas or are thinly scatteredover a more extensive range; or
(iv) endemic and requiring particular attention by reason of the
specific nature of their habitat and/or the potential impact oftheir exploitation on their habitat and/or the potential impactof their exploitation on their conservation status.
Suchspecies are listed or may be listed in Annex II and/or Annex
IV or V;
(h)priority species means species referred to in (g) (i) for the conser-
vation of which the Community has particular responsibility inview of the proportion of their natural range which falls withinthe territory referred to in Article 2; these priority species are indi-cated by an asterisk (*) in Annex II;1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 4
▼B
(i)conservation status of a species means the sum of the influences
acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-termdistribution and abundance of its populations within the territory
referred to in Article 2;
Theconservation status will be taken as ‘favourable’ when:
— population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate
that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable
component of its natural habitats, and
— the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is
likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and
— there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large
habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis;
(j)sitemeans a geographically defined area whose extent is clearly
delineated;
(k)site of Community importance means a site which, in the biogeo-
graphical region or regions to which ►
C1it belongs, ◄
contributes significantly to the maintenance or restoration at afavourable conservation status of a natural habitat type in AnnexI or of a species in Annex II and may also contribute significantly
to the coherence of Natura 2000 referred to in Article 3, and/or
contributes significantly to the maintenance of biological diversitywithin the biogeographic region or regions concerned.
For animal species ranging over wide areas, sites of Community
importance shall correspond to the places within the natural rangeof such species which present the physical or biological factorsessential to their life and reproduction;
(l)special area of conservation means a site of Community impor-
tance designated by the Member States through a statutory,
administrative and/or contractual act where the necessary conser-vation measures are applied for the maintenance or restoration, ata favourable conservation status, of the natural habitats and/or thepopulations of the species for which the site is designated;
(m)specimen means any animal or plant, whether alive or dead, of the
species listed in Annex IV and Annex V, any part or derivative
thereof, as well as any other goods which appear, from an accom-
panying document, the packaging or a mark or label, or from anyother circumstances, to be parts or derivatives of animals or plantsof those species;
(n)the committee means the committee set up pursuant to Article 20.
Article 2
1. The aim of this Directive shall be to contribute towards ensuring
bio-diversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wildfauna and flora in the European territory of the Member States towhich the Treaty applies.
2. Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall be designed to
maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitatsand species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest.
3. Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall take account of
economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local char-acteristics.
Conservationofnaturalhabitatsandhabitatsofspecies
Article 3
1. A coherent European ecological network of special areas of
conservation shall be set up under the title Natura 2000. This network,
composed of sites hosting the natural habitat types listed in Annex Iand habitats of the species listed in Annex II, shall enable the naturalhabitat types and the species' habitats concerned to be maintained or,where appropriate, restored at a favourable conservation status in theirnatural range.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 5
▼B
The Natura 2000 network shall include the special protection areas
classified by the Member States pursuant to Directive 79/409/EEC.
2. Each Member State shall contribute to the creation of Natura
2000 in proportion to the representation within its territory of thenatural habitat types and the habitats of species referred to in paragraph
1. To that effect each Member State shall designate, in accordance with
Article 4, sites as special areas of conservation taking account of theobjectives set out in paragraph1.
3. Where they consider it necessary, Member States shall endeavour
to improve the ecological coherence of Natura 2000 by maintaining,and where appropriate developing, features of the landscape which areof major importance for wild fauna and flora, as referred to in Article10.
Article 4
1. On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 1) and
relevant scientific information, eachMember State sh all propose a list
of sites indicating which natural habitat types in Annex I and whichspecies in Annex II that are native to its territory the sites host. Foranimal species ranging over wide areas these sites shall correspond tothe places within the natural range of such species which present thephysical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction.
For aquatic species which range over wide areas, such sites will be
proposed only where there is a clearly identifiable area representingthe physical and biological factors essential to their life and reproduc-tion. Where appropriate, Member States shall propose adaptation of thelist in the light of the results of the surveillance referred to in Article
11.
The list shall be transmitted to the Commission, within three years of
the notification of this Directive, together with information on each
site. That information shall include a map of the site, its name, loca-
tion, extent and the data resulting from application of the criteriaspecified in Annex III (Stage 1) provided in a format established bythe Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article21.
2. On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 2) and in
the framework both of each of the five biogeographical regions referredto in Article 1 (c) (iii) and of the whole of the territory referred to inArticle 2 (1), the Commission shall establish, in agreement with each
Member State, a draft list of sites of Community importance drawn
from the Member States' lists identifying ►
C1those which host
one◄or more priority natural habitat types or priority species.
Member States whose sites hosting one or more priority natural habitat
types and priority species represent more than 5 % of their nationalterritory may, in agreement with the Commission, request that thecriteria listed in Annex III (Stage 2) be applied more flexibly inselecting all the sites of Community importance in their territory.
The list of sites selected as sites of Community importance, identifying
those which host one or more priority natural habitat types or priorityspecies, shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the
procedure laid down in Article 21.
3. The list referred to in paragraph 2 shall be established within six
years of the notification of this Directive.
4. Once a site of Community importance has been adopted in accor-
dance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2, the Member Stateconcerned shall designate that site as a special area of conservation as
soon as possible and within six years at most, establishing priorities in
the light of the importance of the sites for the maintenance or restora-tion, at a favourable conservation status, of a natural habitat type inAnnex I or a species in Annex II and for the coherence of Natura2000, and in the light of the threats of degradation or destruction towhich those sites are exposed.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 6
▼B
5. As soon as a site is placed on the list referred to in the third
subparagraphof paragraph2 it sh all be subject to Article 6 (2), (3)and (4).
Article 5
1. In exceptional cases where the Commission finds that a national
list as referred to in Article 4 (1) fails to mention a site hosting apriority natural habitat type or priority species which, on the basis ofrelevant and reliable scientific information, it considers to be essentialfor the maintenance of that priority natural habitat type or for thesurvival of that priority species, a bilateral consultation procedure shall
be initiated between that Member State and the Commission for the
purpose of comparing the scientific data used by each.
2. If, on expiry of a consultation period not exceeding six months,
the dispute remains unresolved, the Commission shall forward to theCouncil a proposal relating to the selection of the site as a site of
Community importance.
3. The Council, acting unanimously, shall take a decision within
three months of the date of referral.
4. During the consultation period and pending a Council decision,
the site concerned shall be subject to Article 6 (2).
Article 6
1. For special areas of conservation, Member States shall establish
the necessary conservation measures involving, if need be, appropriate
management plans specifically designed for the sites or integrated into
other development plans, and appropriate statutory, administrative orcontractual measures which correspond to the ecological requirementsof the natural habitat types in Annex I and the species in Annex IIpresent on the sites.
2. Member States shall take appropriate steps to avoid, in the special
areas of conservation, the deterioration of natural habitats and the habi-
tats of species as well as disturbance of the species for which the areashave been designated, in so far as such disturbance could be significantin relation to the objectives of this Directive.
3. Any plan or project not directly connected withor necessary to
the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect
thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or
projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implicationsfor the site in view of the site's conservation objectives. In the light ofthe conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site andsubject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national autho-
rities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained
that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and,if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public.
4. If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the
site and in the absence of alternative solutions, a plan or project mustnevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public
interest, including those of a social or economic nature, the Member
State shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure thatthe overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform theCommission of the compensatory measures adopted.
Where the site concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and/or a
priority species, the only considerations which may be raised are those
relating to human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of
primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion fromthe Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding publicinterest.
Article 7
Obligations arising under Article 6 (2), (3) and (4) of this Directive
shall replace any obligations arising under the first sentence of Article1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 7
▼B
4 (4) of Directive 79/409/EEC in respect of areas classified pursuant to
Article 4 (1) or similarly recognized under Article 4 (2) thereof, asfrom the date of implementation of this Directive or the date of classi-
fication or recognition by a Member State under Directive 79/409/EEC,
where the latter date is later.
Article 8
1. In parallel withth eir proposals for sites eligible for designation as
special areas of conservation, hosting priority natural habitat types and/or priority species, the Member States shall send, as appropriate, to theCommission their estimates relating to the Community co-financingwhich they consider necessary to allow them to meet their obligationspursuant to Article 6 (1).
2. In agreement with each of the Member States concerned, the
Commission shall identify, for sites of Community importance for
which co-financing is sought, those measures essential for the mainte-nance or re-establishment at a favourable conservation status of thepriority natural habitat types and priority species on the sitesconcerned, as well as the total costs arising from those measures.
3. The Commission, in agreement with the Member States
concerned, shall assess the financing, including co-financing, required
for the operation of the measures referred to in paragraph 2, taking
into account, amongst other things, the concentration on the MemberState's territory of priority natural habitat types and/or priority speciesand the relative burdens which the required measures entail.
4. According to the assessment referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, the
Commission shall adopt, having regard to the available sources offunding under the relevant Community instruments and according to
the procedure set out in Article 21, a prioritized action framework of
measures involving co-financing to be taken when the site has beendesignated under Article 4 (4).
5. The measures which have not been retained in the action frame-
work for lack of sufficient resources, as well as those included in theabovementioned action framework which have not received the neces-
sary co-financing or have only been partially co-financed, shall be
reconsidered in accordance withth e procedure set out in Article 21, inthe context of the two-yearly review of the action framework and may,in the maintime, be postponed by the Member States pending suchreview. This review shall take into account, as appropriate, the newsituation of the site concerned.
6. In areas where the measures dependent on co-financing are post-
poned, Member States shall refrain from any new measures likely to
result in deterioration of those areas.
Article 9
The Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in
Article 21, shall periodically review the contribution of Natura 2000
towards achievement of the objectives set out in Article 2 and 3. Inthis context, a special area of conservation may be considered fordeclassification where this is warranted by natural developments notedas a result of the surveillance provided for in Article 11.
Article 10
Member States shall endeavour, where they consider it necessary, in
their land-use planning and development policies and, in particular,witha view to improving th e ecological ►
C1coherence of the
Natura◄2000 network, to encourage the management of features of
the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora.
Such features are those which, by virtue of their linear and continuous
structure (such as rivers with their banks or the traditional systems formarking field boundaries) or their function as stepping stones (such asponds or small woods), are essential for the migration, dispersal andgenetic exchange of wild species.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 8
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Article 11
Member States shall undertake surveillance of the conservation status
of the natural habitats and species referred to in Article 2 with parti-cular regard to priority natural habitat types and priority species.
Protection ofspecies
Article 12
1. Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a
system of strict protection for the animal species listed in Annex IV(a) in their natural range, prohibiting:
(a) all forms of deliberate capture or killing of specimens of these
species in the wild;
(b) deliberate disturbance of these species, particularly during the
period of breeding, rearing, hibernation and migration;
(c) deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild;
(d) deterioration or destruction of breeding sites or resting places.
2. For these species, Member States shall prohibit the keeping,
transport and sale or exchange, and offering for sale or exchange, of
specimens taken from the wild, except for those taken legally beforethis Directive is implemented.
3. The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and para-
graph 2 shall apply to all stages of life of the animals to which thisArticle applies.
4. Member States shall establish a system to monitor the incidential
capture and killing of the animal species listed in Annex IV (a). In thelight of the information gathered, Member States shall take furtherresearchor conservation measures as required to ensure th at incidentalcapture and killing does not have a significant negative impact on the
species concerned.
Article 13
1. Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a
system of strict protection for the plant species listed in Annex IV (b),prohibiting:
(a) the deliberate picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or destruction
of such plants in their natural range in the wild;
(b) the keeping, transport and sale or exchange and offering for sale or
exchange of specimens of such species taken in the wild, except forthose taken legally before this Directive is implemented.
2. The prohibitions referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) shall apply
to all stages of the biological cycle of the plants to which this Article
applies.
Article 14
1. If, in the light of the surveillance provided for in Article 11,
Member States deem it necessary, they shall take measures to ensurethat the taking in the wild of specimens of species of wild fauna andflora listed in Annex V as well as their exploitation is compatiblewithth eir being maintained at a favourable conservation status.
2. Where such measures are deemed necessary, they shall include
continuation of the surveillance provided for in Article 11. Such
measures may also include in particular:
— regulations regarding access to certain property,
— temporary or local prohibition of the taking of specimens in the
wild and exploitation of certain populations,
— regulation of the periods and/or methods of taking specimens,
— application, when specimens are taken, of hunting and fishing rules
which take account of the conservation of such populations,1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 9
▼B
— establishment of a system of licences for taking specimens or of
quotas,
— regulation of the purchase, sale, offering for sale, keeping for sale
or transport for sale of specimens,
— breeding in captivity of animal species as well as artificial propaga-
tion of plant species, under strictly controlled conditions, withaview to reducing the taking of specimens of the wild,
— assessment of the effect of the measures adopted.
Article 15
In respect of the capture or killing of species of wild fauna listed in
Annex V (a) and in cases where, in accordance with Article 16, dero-gations are applied to the taking, capture or killing of species listed in
Annex IV (a), Member States shall prohibit the use of all indiscrimi-
nate means capable of causing local disappearance of, or seriousdisturbance to, populations of suchspecies, and in particular:
(a) use of the means of capture and killing listed in Annex VI (a);
(b) any form of capture and killing from the modes of transport
referred to in Annex VI (b).
Article 16
1. Provided that there is no satisfactory alternative and the deroga-
tion is not detrimental to the maintenance of the populations of the
species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their naturalrange, Member States may derogate from the provisions of Articles12, 13, 14 and 15 (a) and (b):
(a) in the interest of protecting wild fauna and flora and conserving
natural habitats;
(b) to prevent serious damage, in particular to crops, livestock, forests,
fisheries and water and other types of property;
(c) in the interests of public health and public safety, or for other
imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of
a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primaryimportance for the environment;
(d) for the purpose of research and education, of repopulating and re-
introducing these species and for the breedings operations neces-
sary for these purposes, including the artificial propagation of
plants;
(e) to allow, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis
and to a limited extent, the taking or keeping of certain specimens
of the species listed in Annex IV in limited numbers specified by
the competent national authorities.
2. Member States shall forward to the Commission every two years
a report in accordance with the format established by the Committee onthe derogations applied under paragraph 1. The Commission shall giveits opinion on these derogations within a maximum time limit of 12
months following receipt of the report and shall give an account to
the Committee.
3. The reports shall specify:
(a) the species which are subject to the derogations and the reason for
the derogation, including the nature of the risk, with, if appropriate,a reference to alternatives rejected and scientific data used;
(b) the means, devices or methods authorized for the capture or killing
of animal species and the reasons for their use;
(c) the circumstances of when and where such derogations are granted;
(d) the authority empowered to declare and check that the required
conditions obtain and to decide what means, devices or methods
may be used, within what limits and by what agencies, and whichpersons►
C1are to carry out the ◄task;
(e) the supervisory measures used and the results obtained.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 10
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Information
Article 17
1. Every six years from the date of expiry of the period laid down in
Article 23, Member States shall draw up a report on the implementa-tion of the measures taken under this Directive. This report shall
include in particular information concerning the conservation measures
referred to in Article 6 (1) as well as evaluation of the impact of thosemeasures on the conservation status of the natural habitat types ofAnnex I and the species in Annex II and the main results of the surveil-lance referred to in Article 11. The report, in accordance with theformat established by the committee, shall be forwarded to the
Commission and made accessible to the public.
2. The Commission shall prepare a composite report based on the
reports referred to in paragraph 1. This report shall include an appro-
priate evaluation of the progress achieved and, in particular, of the
contribution of Natura 2000 to the achievement of the objectives setout in Article 3. A draft of the part of the report covering the informa-tion supplied by a Member State shall be forwarded to the MemberState in question for verification. After submission to the committee,the final version of the report shall be published by the Commission,
not later than two years after receipt of the reports referred to in para-
graph 1, and shall be forwarded to the Member States, the EuropeanParliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee.
3. Member States may mark areas designated under this Directive
by means of Community notices designed for that purpose by thecommittee.
Research
Article 18
1. Member States and the Commission shall encourage the necessary
research and scientific work having regard to the objectives set out in
Article 2 and the obligation referred to in Article 11. They shall
exchange information for the purposes of proper coordination ofresearchcarried out at Member State and at Community level.
2. Particular attention shall be paid to scientific work necessary for
the implementation of Articles 4 and 10, and transboundary cooperative
researchbetween Member States sh all be encouraged.
Procedure foramendingtheAnnexes
Article 19
Suchamendments as are necessary for adapting Annexes I, II, III, V
and VI to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by theCouncil acting by qualified majority on a proposal from the Commis-
sion.
Suchamendments as are necessary for adapting Annex IV to tech nical
and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting unani-
mously on a proposal from the Commission.
Committee
Article 20
The Commission shall be assisted by a committee consisting of repre-
sentatives of the Member States and chaired by a representative of theCommission.
Article 21
1. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the
committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shalldeliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the Chairman1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 11
▼B
may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion
shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148 (2) of theTreaty in the case of decisions which the Council is required to adopt
on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the representatives of
the Member States within the committee shall be weighted in themanner set out in that Article. The Chairman shall not vote.
2. The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if they are in
accordance with the opinion of the committee.
If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the opinion of the
committee, or if no opinion is delivered, the Commission shall, without
delay, submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be
taken. The Council shall act by a qualified majority.
If, on the expiry of three months from the date of referral to the
Council, the Council has not acted, the proposed measures shall beadopted by the Commission.
Supplementaryprovisions
Article 22
In implementing the provisions of this Directive, Member States shall:
(a) study the desirability of re-introducing species in Annex IV that are
native to their territory where this might contribute to their conser-vation, provided that an investigation, also taking into accountexperience in other Member States or elsewhere, has established
that such re-introduction contributes effectively to re-establishing
these species at a favourable conservation status and that it takesplace only after proper consultation of the public concerned;
(b) ensure that the deliberate introduction into the wild of any species
which is not native to their territory is regulated so as not to preju-
dice natural habitats within their natural range or the wild nativefauna and flora and, if they consider it necessary, prohibit suchintroduction. The results of the assessment undertaken shall beforwarded to the committee for information;
(c) promote education and general information on the need to protect
species of wild fauna and flora and to conserve their habitats andnatural habitats.
Finalprovisions
Article 23
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply withth is Directivewithin two years of its notification. They shall forthwith inform theCommission thereof.
2. When Member States adopt such measures, they shall contain a
reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on
the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such
a reference shall be laid down by the Member States.
3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the main
provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered bythis Directive.
Article 24
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 12
▼B
ANNEX I
NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE
CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL
AREASOFCONSERVATION
Interpretation
Code: The hierarchical classification of habitats produced through the Corine
programme (1)(Corine biotopes project) is the reference work for this
Annex. Most types of natural habitat quoted are accompanied by the
corresponding Corine code listed in the Technical Handbook, Volume
1, pp. 73—109, Corine/Biotope/89/2.2, 19 May 1988, partially updated
14 February 1989. ►A1The boreal and pannonic habitats areidenti-
fied with the 1993 Corine habitats code. ◄
(1) Corine: Council Decision 85/338/EEC of 27 June 1985 (OJ No L 176, 6. 7. 1985, p.
14).
The sign ‘x’ combining codes indicates associated habitat types, e.g. 35.2 × 64.1
— Open grassland with Corynephorus andAgrostis(35.2), in combination with
continental dunes (64.1).
The sign ‘*’ indicates priority habitat types.
COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS
Openseaandtidalareas
11.25 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water
all the time
11.34 *Posidonia beds
13.2 Estuaries
14 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at
low tide
21 *Lagoons
— Large shallow inlets and bays— Reefs
— Marine ‘columns’ in shallow water made by leaking
gases
Seacliffsandshingleorstonybeaches
17.2 Annual vegetation of drift lines
17.3 Perennial vegetation of stony banks
18.21 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts
18.22 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts
(withendemic Limonium spp.)
18.23 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Macaronesian coasts
(flora endemic to these coasts)
Atlanticandcontinentalsaltmarshesandsaltmeadows
15.11 Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and
sand
15.12 Spartina swards (Spartinion)
15.13 Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia)
15.14 *Continental salt meadows (Puccinellietalia distantis)1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 13
▼C1
▼B
▼B
Mediterranean andthermo-Atlanticsaltmarshesandsaltmeadows
15.15 Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)
15.16 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous
scrubs (Arthrocnemetalia fructicosae)
15.17 Iberia halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea)
Saltandgypsumcontinentalsteppes
15.18 *Salt steppes (Limonietalia)
15.19 *Gypsum steppes (Gypsophiletalia)
15.1A *Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
COASTAL SAND DUNES AND CONTINENTAL DUNES
SeadunesoftheAtlantic,NorthSeaandBalticcoasts16.211 Embryonic shifting dunes
16.212 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila
arenaria (white dunes)
16.221 to 16.227 *Fixed dunes withh erbaceous vegetation (grey
dunes):
16.221Galio-Koelerion albescentis
16.222Euphorbio-Helichrysion
16.223Crucianellion maritimae
16.224Euphorbia terracina
16.225Mesobromion
16.226Trifolio-Gerantietea sanguinei, Galio mari-
timi-Geranion sanguinei
16.227Thero-Airion, Botrychio-Polygaletum, Tuber-
arion guttatae
16.23 *Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
16.24 ►
C1*Eu-atlantic ◄decalcified fixed dunes
(Calluno-Ulicetea)
16.25 Dunes with Hyppophae rhamnoides
16.26 Dunes with Salix arenaria
16.29 Wooded dunes of the Atlantic coast16.31 to 16.35 Humid dune slacks1.A Machairs (* in machairs in Ireland)
SeadunesoftheMediterraneancoast
16.223 Crucianellion maritimae fixed beachdunes
16.224 Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
16.228 Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
16.229 Brachypodietalia dune grasslands withannuals
16.27 *Dune juniper thickets (Juniperus spp.)
16.28 Dune scleorophyllous scrubs (Cisto-Lavenduletalia)
16.29 × 42.8 *Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/orPinus pina-
ster1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 14
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Continentaldunes,oldanddecalcified
64.1 × 31.223 Dry sandy heaths with CallunaandGenista
64.1 × 31.227 Dry sandy heaths with Calluna andEmpetrum
nigrum
64.1 × 35.2 Open grassland with Corynephorus andAgrostis of
continental dunes
64.71 *Pannonic inland dunes
FRESHWATER HABITATS
Standingwater22.11 × 22.31 Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of
Atlantic sandy plains withamph ibious vegetation:
Lobelia, Littorelia andIsoetes
22.11 × 22.34 Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of
West Mediterranean sandy plains with Isoetes
22.12 × (22.31 and
22.32)Oligotrophic waters in medio-European and perial-
pine area withamph ibious vegetation: Littorella or
Isoetes or annual vegetation on exposed banks
(Nanocyperetalia)
22.12 × 22.44 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegeta-
tion of chara ►
C1formations ◄
22.13 Natural ►C1eutrophic ◄lakes with Magnopota-
mionorHydrocharition -type vegetation
22.14 Dystrophic lakes
22.34 *Mediterranean temporary ponds— *Turloughs (Ireland)
Runningwater
Sections of water courses withnatural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average
and major beds) where the water quality shows no significant deterioration
24.221 and 24.222 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along
their banks
24.223 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with
Myricaria germanica
24.224 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with
Salix elaegnos
24.225 Constantly flowing ►
C1Mediterranean ◄rivers
withGlaucium flavum
24.4 Floating vegetation of ►C1Ranunculus of plain
and submountainous ◄rivers
24.52 Chenopodietum rubri of submountainous rivers
24.53 Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers: Paspalo-
Agrostidion and hanging curtains of Salix and
Populus alba
— Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers
TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB
31.11 Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 15
▼A1
▼B
▼B
31.12 *Southern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and
Erica tetralix
31.2 *Dry heaths (all subtypes)31.234 *Dry coastal heaths with Erica vagans andUlex mari-
timus
31.3 *Endemic ►
C1Macaronesian ◄dry heaths
31.4 Alpine and subalpine heaths
31.5 *Scrub with Pinus mugo andRhododendron hirsutum
(Mugo-Rhododenretum hirsuti)
31.622 Sub-Arctic willow scrub
31.7 Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL)
Sub-Mediterraneanandtemperate
31.82 Stable Buxus sempervirens formations on calcareous
rock slopes (Berberidion p.)
31.842 Mountain Genista purgans formations
31.88 Juniperus communis formations on calcareous heaths
or grasslands
31.89 * Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
(Junipero-Cistetum palhinhae)
Mediterranean arborescentmatorral
32.131 to 32.135 Juniper formations
32.17 *Matorral with Zyziphus
32.18 *Matorral with Laurus nobilis
Thermo-Mediterranean andpre-steppebrush
32.216 Laurel thickets
32.217 Low formations of euphorbia close to cliffs►
C132.22 to
32.26◄All types
Phrygana
33.1 Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae phrygana
33.3 Sarcopoterium spinosum phrygana
33.4 Cretan formations (Euphorbieto-Verbascion)
NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS
Naturalgrasslands
34.11 *Karstic calcareous grasslands (Alysso-Sedion albi)
34.12 *Xeric sand calcareous grasslands (Koelerion
glaucae)
34.2 Calaminarian grasslands
36.314 Siliceous Pyrenean grasslands with Festuca eskia
36.32 Siliceous alpine and ►C1boreal grasslands ◄1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 16
▼B
36.36 Siliceous Festuca indigesta Iberian grasslands
►C136.41 to
36.45◄Alpine calcareous grasslands
36.5 Macaronesian mountain grasslands
Semi-naturaldrygrasslandsandscrublandfacies34.31 *Sub-continental steppic grassland
34.31 to 34.34 On calcareous substrates (Festuco Brometalia)
(*important orchid sites)
34.5 *Pseudo-steppe withgrasses and annuals (Thero-
Brachypodietea)
34.91 *Pannonic steppes
34.A1 *Pannonic sand steppes
35.1 *Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous
substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas,
in continental Europe)
Sclerophyllousgrazedforests(dehesas)
32.11 With Quercus suber and/orQuercus ilex
Semi-naturaltall-herbhumidmeadows
37.31 Molinia meadows on chalk and clay (Eu-Molinion)
37.4 Mediterranean tall-herb and rush meadows (Molinio-
Holoschoenion)
37.7 and 37.8 Eutrophic tall herbs
— Cnidion venosae meadows liable to flooding
Mesophilegrasslands
38.2 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis,
Sanguisorba officinalis)
38.3 Mountain hay meadows (British types with Gera-
nium sylvaticum)
RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS
Sphagnumacidbogs51.1 *Active raised bogs
51.2 Degraded raised bogs
(still capable of natural regeneration)
52.1 and 52.2 Blanket bog (*active only)
54.5 Transition mires and quaking bogs
54.6 Depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion)1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 17
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Calcareousfens
53.3 *Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus andCarex
davalliana
54.12 *Petrifying springs withtufa formation (Crato-
neurion)
54.2 Alkaline fens
54.3 *Alpine pioneer formations of Caricion bicoloris-
atrofuscae
Aapamires
54.8 *Aapa mires
54.9 *Palsa mires
ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES
Scree
61.1 Siliceous
61.2 Eutric
61.3 Western Mediterranean and alpine thermophilous61.4 Balkan
61.5 Medio-European siliceous
61.6 *Medio-European calcareous
Chasmophyticvegetationonrockyslopes
62.1 and 62.1A Calcareous sub-types
62.2 Silicicolous sub-types
62.3 Pioneer vegetation of rock surfaces62.4 *Limestone pavements
Otherrockyhabitats
65 Caves not open to the public
— Fields of lava and natural excavations— Submerged or partly submerged sea caves
— Permanent glaciers
FORESTS
(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of
tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or
residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest
Borealforests
42.C *Western taiga1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 18
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
Forestsoftemperate Europe
41.11 Luzulo-Fagetum beechforests
41.12 Beechforests with IlexandTaxus,richin epiph ytes
(Ilici-Fagion)
41.13 Asperulo-Fagetum beechforests
41.15 Subalpine beechwoods with AcerandRumex arifo-
lius
41.16 Calcareous beechforest (Cephalanthero-Fagion)
41.24 Stellario-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
41.26 Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
41.2B *Pannonic oak-hornbeam forest
41.4 * Tilio-Acerion ravine forests
41.51 Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on
sandy plains
41.53 Old oak woods with IlexandBlechnum in the British
Isles
41.7374 *Pannonian white-oak woods
41.7A *Euro-Siberian steppe oak wood
41.86 Fraxinus angustifolia woods
42.51 *Caledonian forest
44.A1 to 44.A4 *Bog woodland44.3 *Residual alluvial forests (Alnion glutinoso-incanae)
44.4 Mixed oak-elm-ashforests of great rivers
Mediterranean deciduousforests
41.181 *Apennine beechforests with TaxusandIlex
41.184 *Apennine beechforests with Abies alba and beech
forests with Abies nebrodensis
41.6 Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur
andQuercus pyrenaica
41.77 Quercus faginea woods (Iberian Peninsula)
41.85 Quercus trojana woods (Italy and Greece)
41.9 Chestnut woods
41.1A × 42.17 Hellenic beechforests with Abies borisii-regis
41.1B Quercus frainetto woods
42.A1 Cypress forests (Acero-Cupression)
44.17 Salix alba andPopulus alba galleries
44.52 Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean
water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix
and others
44.7 Oriental plane woods (Platanion orientalis)
44.8 Thermo-Mediterranean riparian galleries (Nerio-
Tamariceteae) and south-west Iberian Peninsula
riparian galleries (Securinegion tinctoriae)1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 19
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Mediterranean sclerophyllousforests
41.7C Cretan Quercus brachyphylla forests
45.1 OleaandCeratonia forests
45.2 Quercus suber forests
45.3 Quercus ilex forests
45.5 Quercus macrolepis forests
45.61 to 45.63 *Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)
45.7 *Palm groves of Phoenix
45.8 Forests of Ilex aquifolium
Alpineandsubalpineconiferousforests
42.21 to 42.23 Acidophilous forests (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
42.31 and 42.32 Alpine forests withlarchand Pinus cembra
42.4 Pinus uncinata forests (*on gypsum or limestone)
Mediterranean mountainousconiferousforests
42.14 ►C1*Apennine ◄Abies alba andPicea excelsa
forests
42.19 Abies pinsapo forests
42.61 to 42.66 *Mediterranean pine forests withendemic black pines
42.8 Mediterranean pine forests withendemic Mesogean
pines, including Pinus mugo andPinus leucodermis
42.9 Macaronesian pine forests (endemic)
42.A2 to 42.A5 and
42.A8*Endemic Mediterranean forests with Juniperus spp.
42.A6 * Tetraclinis articulata forests (Andalusia)
42.A71 to 42.A73 * Taxus baccata woods1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 20
▼B
ANNEX II
ANIMALANDPLANTSPECIESOFCOMMUNITYINTERESTWHOSE
CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL
AREASOFCONSERVATION
Interpretation
(a) Annex II follows on from Annex I for the establishment of a consistent
network of special areas of conservation.
(b) The species listed in this Annex are indicated:
— by the name of the species or subspecies, or
— by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated
part of that taxon.
The abbreviation ‘spp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all
the species belonging to that family or genus.
(c)Symbols
An asterisk (*) before the name of a species indicates that the species is a
priority species.
Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV.►
C1Where a species appears in this ◄Annex but does not appear in
either Annex IV or Annex V, the species name is followed by the symbol
(o); where a species which appears in this Annex also appears in Annex V
but does not appear in Annex IV, its name is followed by the symbol (V).
(a)ANIMALS
VERTEBRATES
MAMMALS
INSECTIVORA
Talpidae
Galemys pyrenaicus
CHIROPTERA
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus blasii
Rhinolophus euryaleRhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus mehelyi
Vespertilionidae
Barbastella barbastellus
Miniopterus schreibersi
Myotis bechsteiniMyotis blythi
Myotis capaccinii
Myotis dasycneme
Myotis emarginatus
Myotis myotis
RODENTIA
Sciuridae
Spermophilus citellus
*Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus)
Castoridae
Castor fiber ►
A1(except the Finnish and Swedish populations) ◄
Microtidae
Microtus cabrerae
*Microtus oeconomus arenicola1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 21
▼A1
▼B
▼B
CARNIVORA
Canidae
*Alopex lagopus
*Canis lupus (Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Greek
populations: only those south of the 39th parallel) ►A1Finnishpopu-
lations excepted ◄
Ursidae
*Ursus arctos ►A1(except the Finnish and Swedish populations) ◄
Mustelidae
Lutra lutra
Mustela lutreola
*Gulo gulo
Felidae
Lynx lynx ►A1(except the Finnish populations) ◄
*Lynx pardina
Phocidae
Halichoerus grypus (V)
*Monachus monachus
*Phoca hispida saimensis
Phoca vitulina (V)
ARTIODACTYLA
Cervidae
*Cervus elaphus corsicanus
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus (natural populations)
*Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
Ovis ammon musimon (natural populations — Corsica and Sardinia)Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica
*Rupicapra ornata
CETACEA
Tursiops truncatus
Phocoena phocoena
REPTILES
TESTUDINATA
Testudinidae
Testudo hermanni
Testudo graecaTestudo marginata
Cheloniidae
*Caretta caretta
Emydidae
Emys orbicularis
Mauremys caspica
Mauremys leprosa
SAURIA
Lacertidae
Lacerta monticola
Lacerta schreiberiGallotia galloti insulanagae
*Gallotia simonyi
Podarcis lilfordi
Podarcis pityusensis1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 22
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Scincidae
Chalcides occidentalis
Gekkonidae
Phyllodactylus europaeus
OPHIDIA
Colubridae
Elaphe quatuorlineata
Elaphe situla
Viperidae
*Vipera schweizeri
Vipera ursinii
AMPHIBIANS
CAUDATA
Salamandridae
Chioglossa lusitanica
Mertensiella luschani
*Salamandra salamandra aurorae
Salamandrina terdigitata
Triturus cristatus
Proteidae
Proteus anguinus
Plethodontidae
Speleomantes ambrosii
Speleomantes flavus
Speleomantes genei
Speleomantes imperialis
Speleomantes supramontes
ANURA
Discoglossidae
Bombina bombina
Bombina variegata
Discoglossus jeanneaeDiscoglossus montalentii
Discoglossus sardus
*Alytes muletensis
Ranidae
Rana latastei
Pelobatidae
*Pelobates fuscus insubricus
FISH
PETROMYZONIFORMES
Petromyzonidae
Eudontomyzon spp. (o)
Lampetra fluviatilis (V) ►
A1(except the Finnish and Swedish
populations) ◄
Lampetra planeri (o) ►A1(except the Finnish and Swedish
populations) ◄
Lethenteron zanandrai (V)
Petromyzon marinus (o) ►A1except the Swedish populations ◄
ACIPENSERIFORMES
Acipenseridae
*Acipenser naccarii
*Acipenser sturio1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 23
▼B
ATHERINIFORMES
Cyprinodontidae
Aphanius iberus (o)
Aphanius fasciatus (o)
*Valencia hispanica
SALMONIFORMES
Salmonidae
Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V)
Salmo salar (only in freshwater) (V) ►A1(except the Finnish
populations) ◄
Salmo marmoradus (o)
Salmo macrostigma (o)
Coregonidae
*Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of
the North Sea)
CYPRINIFORMES
Cyprinidae
Alburnus vulturius (o)
Alburnus albidus (o)Anaecypris hispanica
Aspius aspius (o) ►
A1(except the Finnish populations) ◄
Barbus plebejus (V)Barbus meridionalis (V)Barbus capito (V)Barbus comiza (V)Chalcalburnus chalcoides (o)
Chondrostoma soetta (o)
Chondrostoma polylepis (o)Chondrostoma genei (o)Chondrostoma lusitanicum (o)Chondrostoma toxostoma (o)Gobio albipinnatus (o)
Gobio uranoscopus (o)
Iberocypris palaciosi (o)
*Ladigesocypris ghigii (o)
Leuciscus lucomonis (o)Leuciscus souffia (o)Phoxinellus spp. (o)
Rutilus pigus (o)
Rutilus rubilio (o)Rutilus arcasii (o)Rutilus macrolepidotus (o)Rutilus lemmingii (o)Rutilus friesii meidingeri (o)
Rutilus alburnoides (o)
Rhodeus sericeus amarus (o)Scardinius graecus (o)
Cobitidae
Cobitis conspersa (o)
Cobitis larvata (o)Cobitis trichonica (o)Cobitis taenia (o) ►
A1(except the Finnish populations) ◄
Misgurnis fossilis (o)
Sabanejewia aurata (o)
PERCIFORMES
Percidae
Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V)
Zingel spp. [(o) except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V)]
Gobiidae
Pomatoschistus canestrini (o)
Padogobius panizzai (o)Padogobius nigricans (o)1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 24
▼B
CLUPEIFORMES
Clupeidae
Alosa spp. (V)
SCORPAENIFORMES
Cottidae
Cottus ferruginosus (o)
Cottus petiti (o)
Cottus gobio (o) ►A1(except the Finnish populations) ◄
SILURIFORMES
Siluridae
Silurus aristotelis (V)
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS
CRUSTACEA
Decapoda
Austropotamobius pallipes (V)
INSECTA
Coleoptera
Buprestis splendens
*Carabis menetresi pacholei*Carabus olympiae
Cerambyx cerdoCucujus cinnaberinus
Dytiscus latissimus
Graphoderus bilineatusLimoniscus violaceus (o)Lucanus cervus (o)
Morimus funereus (o)
*Osmoderma eremita*Rosalia alpina
Lepidoptera
*Callimorpha quadripunctata (o)
Coenonympha oedippusErebia calcaria
Erebia christi
Eriogaster cataxEuphydryas aurinia (o)
Graellsia isabellae (V)
Hypodryas maturnaLycaena dispar
Maculinea nausithous
Maculinea teleiusMelanagria arge
Papilio hospiton
Plebicula golgus
Mantodea
Apteromantis aptera
Odonata
Coenagrion hylas (o)
Coenagrion mercuriale (o)Cordulegaster trinacriae
Gomphus graslinii
Leucorrhina pectoralisLindenia tetraphylla
Macromia splendens
Ophiogomphus ceciliaOxygastra curtisii1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 25
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Orthoptera
Baetica ustulata
MOLLUSCS
GASTROPODA
Caseolus calculus
Caseolus commixta
Caseolus sphaerula
Discula leacockianaDiscula tabellata
Discus defloratus
Discus guerinianus
Elona quimperiana
Geomalacus maculosusGeomitra moniziana
*Helicopsis striata austriaca
Helix subplicata
Leiostyla abbreviata
Leiostyla cassida
Leiostyla corneocostataLeiostyla gibba
Leiostyla lamellosa
Vertigo angustior (o)Vertigo genesii (o)
Vertigo geyeri (o)
Vertigo moulinsiana (o)
BIVALVIA
Unionoida
Margaritifera margaritifera (V)
Unio crassus
(b)PLANTS
PTERIDOPHYTA
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy
BLECHNACEAE
Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm.
DICKSONIACEAE
Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
*Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk.
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
Trichomanes speciosum Willd.
ISOETACEAE
Isoetes boryana Durieu
Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not.
MARSILEACEAE
Marsilea batardae Launert
Marsilea quadrifolia L.
Marsilea strigosa Willd.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium simplex Hitchc.
Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun
GYMNOSPERMAE
PINACEAE
*Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 26
▼A1
▼B
▼B
ANGIOSPERMAE
ALISMATACEAE
Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl.
Luronium natans (L.) Raf.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Leucojum nicaeense Ard.
Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) PugsleyNarcissus calcicola MendonçaNarcissus cyclamineus DC.Narcissus fernandesii G. PedroNarcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub
*Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.
subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Fernandes
Narcissus scaberulus Henriq.Narcissus triandrus (Salisb.) D. A. Webb
subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb.
Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe
BORAGINACEAE
*Anchusa crispa Viv.
*Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Fernandes
Myosotis lusitanica SchusterMyosotis rehsteineri Wartm.Myosotis retusifolia R. AfonsoOmphalodes kuzinskyana Willk.
*Omphalodes littoralis Lehm.
Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci
*Symphytum cycladense Pawl.
CAMPANULACEAE
Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm.
*Campanula sabatia De Not.
Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp.
subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva
Jasione lusitanica A. DC.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
*Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday
Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter
subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter
Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp.Dianthus rupicola Biv.
*Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta
Herniaria algarvica ChaudriHerniaria berlengiana (Chaudhri) Franco
*Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr.
subsp. litardierei gamis
Herniaria maritima Link
Moehringia tommasinii Marches.Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm.Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart.Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernandez CasasSilene cintrana Rothm.
*Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signorello
Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk.
*Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss.
Silene longicilia (Brot.) Otth.Silene mariana Pau
*Silene orphanidis Boiss.*Silene rothmaleri Pinto da Silva*Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel.
CHENOPODIACEAE
*Bassia saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott
*Kochia saxicola Guss.*Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi
CISTACEAE
Cistus palhinhae Ingram
Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen
Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 27
▼B
Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss.
*Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Roseira
COMPOSITAE
*Anthemis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter
*Artemisia granatensis Boiss.
*Artemisia laciniata Willd
*Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn.
*Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC.
*Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac.
*Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC.
*Centaurea alba L.
subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal
*Centaurea alba L.
subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler
*Centaurea attica Nyman
subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal
*Centaurea balearica J. D. Rodriguez
*Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday
*Centaurea citricolor Font Quer
Centaurea corymbosa Pourret
Centaurea gadorensis G. Bianca
*Centaurea horrida Badaro
*Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.
Centaurea kartschiana Scop.
*Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy
Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link
subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostál
*Centaurea niederi Heldr.
*Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.
*Centaurea pinnata Pau
Centaurea pulvinata (G. Bianca) G. Bianca
Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostál
Centaurea vicentina Mariz
*Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr.
Crepis granatensis (Willk.) B. Bianca & M. Cueto
Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC.
Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd.
*Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb.
*Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec.
*Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter
Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss.
Leontodon boryi Boiss.
*Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch& Sell
Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link
Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.
Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link
Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link
*Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC.
Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
CONVOLVULACEAE
*Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter
*Convolvulus Fernandes Pinto da Silva & Teles
CRUCIFERAE
Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr.
Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout.
*Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet
Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm.
Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux
Brassica glabrescens Poldini
Brassica insularis Moris
*Brassica macrocarpa Guss.
Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva
*Coincya rupestris Rouy
*Coronopus navasii Pau
Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo
*Diplotaxis siettiana Maire
Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm.
Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis.
*Iberis arbuscula Runemark
Iberis procumbens Lange
subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva
*Ionopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 28
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Ionopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang.
Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & CastroviejoSisymbrium supinum L.
CYPERACEAE
*Carex panormitana Guss.
Eleocharis carniolica Koch
DIOSCOREACEAE
*Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot
DROSERACEAE
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.
EUPHORBIACEAE
*Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann
Euphorbia transtagana Boiss.
GENTIANACEAE
*Centaurium rigualii Esteve Chueca
*Centaurium somedanum Lainz
Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet►
C1Gentianella anglica ◄(Pugsley) E. F. Warburg
GERANIACEAE
*Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter
Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco
*Erodium rupicola Boiss.
GRAMINEAE
Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub
Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC.Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl
Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb.
Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. AfonsoFestuca elegans Boiss.Festuca henriquesii Hack.Festuca sumilusitanica Franco & R. Afonso
Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Tutin
Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter
subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva
Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero — Zarco & CabezudoPseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub
Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero
*Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky*Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz
*Stipa styriaca Martinovsky
*Stipa veneta Moraldo
GROSSULARIACEAE
*Ribes sardum Martelli
HYPERICACEAE
*Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N. K. B. Robson
JUNCACEAE
Juncus valvatus Link
LABIATAE
Dracocephalum austriacum L.
*Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis
Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy
*Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis
Origanum dictamnus L.Sideritis incana
subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga
Sideritis javalambrensis Pau
Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag.Teucrium lepicephalum PauTeucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday
*Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link
Thymus carnosus Boiss.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 29
▼A1
▼B
▼B
*Thymus cephalotos L.
LEGUMINOSAE
Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra
*Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge
*Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone
Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet
*Astragalus maritimus Moris
Astragalus tremolsianus Pau
*Astragalus verrucosus Moris
*Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl.
Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer
Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci
Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser.
subsp. fallax Franco
*Ononis hackelii Lange
Trifolium saxatile All.
*Vicia bifoliolata J. D. Rodriguez
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper
LILIACEAE
Allium grosii Font Quer
*Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter
*Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva
Hyacinthoides vicentina (Hoffmanns. & Link) Rothm.
*Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Tod.
LINACEAE
*Linum muelleri Moris
LYTHRACEAE
*Lythrum flexuosum Lag.
MALVACEAE
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
NAJADACEAE
Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W. L. Schmidt
ORCHIDACEAE
*Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.
Cypripedium calceolus L.Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.
*Ophrys lunulata Parl.
PAEONIACEAE
Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk.
Paeonia parnassica Tzanoudakis
Paeonia clusii F. C. Stern
subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoudakis
PALMAE
Phoenix theophrasti Greuter
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago algarbiensis Samp.
Plantago almogravensis Franco
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Armeria berlengensis Daveau
*Armeria helodes Martini & Pold
Armeria negleta Girard
Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld
*Armeria rouyana Daveau
Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron
Armeria velutina Welv. ex Boiss. & Reuter
Limonium dodartii (Girard) O. Kuntze
subsp. lusitanicum (Daveau) Franco
*Limonium insulare (Beg. & Landi) Arrig. & Diana
Limonium lanceolatum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco
Limonium multiflorum Erben1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 30
▼B
*Limonium pseudolaetum Arrig. & Diana
*Limonium strictissimum (Salzmann) Arrig.
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen
Rumex rupestris Le Gall
PRIMULACEAE
Androsace mathildae Levier
Androsace pyrenaica Lam.
*Primula apennina Widmer
Primula palinuri Petagna
Soldanella villosa Darracq.
RANUNCULACEAE
*Aconitum corsicum Gayer
Adonis distorta Ten.
Aquilegia bertolonii Schott
Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott
*Aquilegia pyrenaica D. C.
subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano
*Consolida samia P. H. Davis
Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller
*Ranunculus weyleri Mares
RESEDACEAE
*Reseda decursiva Forssk.
ROSACEAE
Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron
RUBIACEAE
*Galium litorale Guss.
*Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reuter
SALICACEAE
Salix salvifolia Brot.
subsp. australis Franco
SANTALACEAE
Thesium ebracteatum Hayne
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D. A. Webb
Saxifraga florulenta MorettiSaxifraga hirculus L.
Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Antirrhinum charidemi Lange
Chaenorrhinum serpyllifolium (Lange) Lange
subsp. lusitanicum R. Fernandes
*Euphrasia genargentea (Feoli) Diana
Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches.
Linaria algarviana Chav.
Linaria coutinhoi Valdés
*Linaria ficalhoana Rouy
Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf.
*Linaria hellenica Turrill
*Linaria ricardoi Cout.
*Linaria tursica B. Valdes & Cabezudo
Linaria tonzigii LonaOdontites granatensis Boiss.
Verbascum litigiosum Samp.
Veronica micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link
*Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavson
SELAGINACEAE
*Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.
SOLANACEAE
*Atropa baetica Willk.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 31
▼B
THYMELAEACEAE
Daphne petraea Leybold
*Daphne rodriguezii Texidor
ULMACEAE
Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.
UMBELLIFERAE
*Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd
Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm.
*Apium bermejoi Llorens
Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag.
Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini
*Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr.*Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter
Eryngium alpinum L.
*Eryngium viviparum Gay
*Laserpitium longiradium Boiss.
*Naufraga balearica Constans & Cannon*Oenanthe conioides Lange
Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.
Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy
*Seseli intricatum Boiss.
Thorella verticillatinundata (Thore) Brig.
VALERIANACEAE
Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot
VIOLACEAE
*Viola hispida Lam.
Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix
Lowerplants
BRYOPHYTA
Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr. (o)
*Bryoerythrophyllum machadoanum (Sergio) M. Hill (o)
Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. (o)
Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. (o)
Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (o)
Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich. (o)Drepanocladus vernicosus (Mitt.) Warnst. (o)
Jungermannia handelii (Schiffn.) Amak. (o)
Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (o)
*Marsupella profunda Lindb. (o)
Meesia longiseta Hedw. (o)Nothothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. (o)
Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. (o)
Petalophyllum ralfsii Nees & Goot. ex Lehm. (o)
Riccia breidleri Jur. ex Steph. (o)
Riella helicophylla (Mont.) Hook. (o)Scapania massolongi (K. Muell.) K. Muell. (o)
Sphagnum pylaisii Brid. (o)
Tayloria rudolphiana (Gasrov) B. & G. (o)
SPECIES FOR MACARONESIA
PTERIDOPHYTA
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
Hymenophyllum maderensis Gibby & Lovis
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
*Polystichum drepanum (Sw.) C. Presl.
ISOETACEAE
Isoetes azorica Durieu & Paiva
MARSILIACEAE
*Marsilea azorica Launert & Paiva1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 32
▼B
ANGIOSPERMAE
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Caralluma burchardii N. E. Brown
*Ceropegia chrysantha Svent.
BORAGINACEAE
Echium candicans L. fil.
*Echium gentianoides Webb & Coincy
Myosotis azorica H. C. Watson
Myosotis maritima Hochst. in Seub.
CAMPANULACEAE
*Azorina vidalii (H. C. Watson) Feer
Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC.
*Musschia wollastonii Lowe
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
*Sambucus palmensis Link
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel
CELASTRACEAE
Maytenus umbellata (R. Br.) Mabb.
CHENOPODIACEAE
Beta patula Ait.
CISTACEAE
Cistus chinamadensis Banares & Romero
*Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent.
COMPOSITAE
Andryala crithmifolia Ait.
*Argyranthemum lidii Humphries
Argyranthemum thalassophylum (Svent.) Hump.
Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries
*Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis
Atractylis preauxiana Schultz.
Calendula maderensis DC.
Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) HolubCheirolophus ghomerytus (Svent.) Holub
Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub
Cheirolophus massonianus (Lowe) Hansen
Cirsium latifolium Lowe
Helichrysum gossypinum Webb
Helichrysum oligocephala (Svent. & Bzamw.)
*Lactuca watsoniana Trel.
*Onopordum nogalesii Svent.
*Onopordum carduelinum Bolle
*Pericallis hadrosoma Svent.
Phagnalon benettii LoweStemmacantha cynaroides (Chr. Son. in Buch) Ditt
Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer
*Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum Webb & Berth
CONVOLVULACEAE
*Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe
*Convolvulus lopez-socasii Svent.*Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr.
CRASSULACEAE
Aeonium gomeraense Praeger
Aeonium saundersii Bolle
Aichryson dumosum (Lowe) Praeg.
Monanthes wildpretii Banares & ScholzSedum brissemoretii Raymond-Hamet
CRUCIFERAE
*Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ
Crambe laevigata DC. ex Christ
*Crambe sventenii R. Petters ex Bramwell & Sund.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 33
▼B
*Parolinia schizogynoides Svent.
Sinapidendron rupestre (Ait.) Lowe
CYPERACEAE
Carex malato-belizii Raymond
DIPSACACEAE
Scabiosa nitens Roemer & J. A. Schultes
ERICACEAE
Erica scoparia L.
subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb
EUPHORBIACEAE
*Euphorbia handiensis Burchard
Euphorbia lambii Svent.Euphorbia stygiana H. C. Watson
GERANIACEAE
*Geranium maderense P. F. Yeo
GRAMINEAE
Deschampsia maderensis (Haeck. & Born.)
Phalaris maderensis (Menezes) Menezes
LABIATAE
*Sideritis cystosiphon Svent.
*Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle
Sideritis infernalis Bolle
Sideritis marmorea Bolle
Teucrium abutiloides L'Hér
Teucrium betonicum L'Hér
LEGUMINOSAE
*Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex Willd.
Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe
*Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel*Lotus azoricus P. W. Ball
Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis
*Lotus kunkelii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell & al.
*Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel.
*Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes.
Vicia dennesiana H. C. Watson
LILIACEAE
*Androcymbium psammophilum Svent.
Scilla maderensis MenezesSemele maderensis Costa
LORANTHACEAE
Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw
MYRICACEAE
*Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos.
OLEACEAE
Jasminum azoricum L.
Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl.
ORCHIDACEAE
Goodyera macrophylla Lowe
PITTOSPORACEAE
*Pittosporum coriaceum Dryand. ex Ait.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree
PLUMBAGINACEAE
*Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze
Limonium dendroides Svent.
*Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 34
▼B
*Limonium sventenii Santos & Fernandez Galvan
POLYGONACEAE
Rumex azoricus Rech. fil.
RHAMNACEAE
Frangula azorica Tutin
ROSACEAE
*Bencomia brachystachya Svent.
Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent.
*Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl.
Dendriopterium pulidoi Svent.
Marcetella maderensis (Born.) Svent.
Prunus lusitanica L.
subsp. azorica (Mouillef.) Franco
Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Docle
SANTALACEAE
Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kammer
SCROPHULARIACEAE
*Euphrasia azorica Wats
Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. ex Seub.
*Isoplexis chalcantha Svent. & O'Shanahan
Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masferrer
Odontites holliana (Lowe) Benth.
Sibthorpia peregrina L.
SELAGINACEAE
*Globularia ascanii D. Bramwell & Kunkel
*Globularia sarcophylla Svent.
SOLANACEAE
*Solanum lidii Sunding
UMBELLIFERAE
Ammi trifoliatum (H. C. Watson) Trelease
Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) Kunkel
Chaerophyllum azoricum Trelease
Ferula latipinna Santos
Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrader & Wendl.) Hoffm.
Monizia edulis Lowe
Oenanthe divaricata (R. Br.) Mabb.
Sanicula azorica Guthnick ex Seub.
VIOLACEAE
Viola paradoxa Lowe
Lowerplants
BRYOPHYTA
*Echinodium spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. (o)
*Thamnobryum fernandesii Sergio (o)1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 35
▼B
ANNEX III
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING SITES ELIGIBLE FOR IDENTIFICA-
TION AS SITES OF COMMUNITY IMPORTANCE AND
DESIGNATIONASSPECIALAREASOFCONSERVATION
STAGE 1:Assessment at national level of the relative importance of sites
for each natural habitat type in Annex I and each species in
Annex II (including priority natural habitat types and priority
species)
A.Site assessment criteria for a given natural habitat type in Annex I
(a) Degree of representativity of the natural habitat ►C1type on the
site.◄
(b) Area of the site covered by the natural habitat type in relation to the
total area covered by that natural habitat type within national territory.
(c) Degree of conservation of the structure and functions of the natural
habitat type concerned and restoration possibilities.
(d) Global assessment of the value of the site for conservation of the natural
habitat type concerned.
B.Site assessment criteria for a given species in Annex II
(a) Size and density of the population of the species present on the site in
relation to the populations present within national territory.
(b) Degree of conservation of the features of the habitat which are important
for the species concerned and restoration possibilities.
(c) Degree of isolation of the population present on the site in relation to the
natural range of the species.
(d) Global assessment of the value of the site for conservation of the species
concerned.
C. On the basis of these criteria, Member States will classify the sites which
they propose on the national list as sites eligible for identification as sites
of Community importance according to their relative value for the conserva-
tion of eachnatural h abitat type in Annex I or eachspecies in Annex II.
D. That list will show the sites containing the priority natural habitat types and
priority species selected by the Member States on the basis of the criteria in
A and B above.
STAGE 2:Assessment of the Community importance of the sites included
onthenationallists
1. All the sites identified by the Member States in Stage 1 which contain
priority natural habitat types and/or species will be considered as sites of
Community importance.
2. The assessment of the Community importance of other sites on Member
States' lists, i.e. their contribution to maintaining or re-establishing, at a
favourable conservation status, a natural habitat in Annex I or a species in
Annex II and/or to the coherence of Natura 2000 will take account of the
following criteria:
(a) relative value of the site at national level;
(b) geographical situation of the site in relation to migration routes of
species in Annex II and whether it belongs to a continuous ecosystem
situated on bothsides of one or more internal Community frontiers;
(c) total area of the site;
(d) number of natural habitat types in Annex I and species in Annex II
present on the site;
(e) global ecological value of the site for the biogeographical regions
concerned and/or for the whole of the territory referred to in Article 2,
as regards both ►C1the characteristic or unique ◄aspect of its
features and the way they are combined.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 36
▼B
ANNEX IV
ANIMAL ANDPLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST IN
NEEDOFSTRICTPROTECTION
The species listed in this Annex are indicated:
— by the name of species or subspecies, or
— by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of
that taxon.
The abbreviation ‘spp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the
species belonging to that family or genus.
(a)ANIMALS
VERTEBRATES
MAMMALS
INSECTIVORA
Erinaceidae
Erinaceus algirus
Soricidae
Crocidura canariensis
Talpidae
Galemys pyrenaicus
MICROCHIROPTERA
All species
RODENTIA
Gliridae
All species except Glis glis and Eliomys quercinus
Sciuridae
Citellus citellus
Pteromys volans (Sciuopterus russicus)
Sciurus anomalus
Castoridae
Castor fiber ►A1(except the Finnish and Swedish populations) ◄
Cricetidae
Cricetus cricetus
Microtidae
Microtus cabrerae
Microtus oeconomus arenicola
Microtus oeconomus mehelyi
Zapodidae
Sicista betulina
Hystricidae
Hystrix cristata
CARNIVORA
Canidae
Canis lupus (Except Spanishpopulations northof th e Duero and Greek
populations northof th e 39thparallel) ►A1(except the Finnish popu-
lations within thereindeer management area as defined in paragraph 2
of the Finnish Act No 848/90 of 14 September 1990 on reindeer
management) ◄1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 37
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
Alopex lagopus
Ursidae
Ursus arctos
Mustelidae
Lutra lutra
Mustela lutreola
Felidae
Felis silvestris
Lynx lynxLynx pardina
Phocidae
Monachus monachus
Phoca hispida saimensis
ARTIODACTYLA
Cervidae
Cervus elaphus corsicanus
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus (natural populations)
Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
Ovis ammon musimon (natural populations — Corsica and Sardinia)Rupicapra rupicapra balcanicaRupicapra ornata
CETACEA
All species
REPTILES
TESTUDINATA
Testudinidae
Testudo hermanni
Testudo graecaTestudo marginata
Cheloniidae
Caretta caretta
Chelonia mydas
Lepidochelys kempii
Eretmochelys imbricata
Dermochelyidae
Dermochelys coriacea
Emydidae
Emys orbicularis
Mauremys caspica
Mauremys leprosa
SAURIA
Lacertidae
Algyroides fitzingeri
Algyroides marchi
Algyroides moreoticus
Algyroides nigropunctatusLacerta agilisLacerta bedriagaeLacerta danfordiLacerta dugesiLacerta graecaLacerta horvathiLacerta monticola1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 38
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Lacerta schreiberi
Lacerta trilineataLacerta viridis
Lacerta vivipara pannonica
Gallotia atlantica
Gallotia galloti
Gallotia galloti insulanagaeGallotia simonyi
Gallotia stehlini
Ophisops elegansPodarcis erhardiiPodarcis filfolensis
Podarcis hispanica atrata
Podarcis lilfordiPodarcis melisellensis
Podarcis milensis
Podarcis muralisPodarcis peloponnesiaca
Podarcis pityusensis
Podarcis siculaPodarcis tauricaPodarcis tiliguerta
Podarcis wagleriana
Scincidae
Ablepharus kitaibelli
Chalcides bedriagaiChalcides occidentalis
Chalcides ocellatus
Chalcides sexlineatusChalcides viridianusOphiomorus punctatissimus
Gekkonidae
Cyrtopodion kotschyi
Phyllodactylus europaeus
Tarentola angustimentalisTarentola boettgeri
Tarentola delalandii
Tarentola gomerensis
Agamidae
Stellio stellio
Chamaeleontidae
Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Anguidae
Ophisaurus apodus
OPHIDIA
Colubridae
Coluber caspius
Coluber hippocrepis
Coluber jugularis
Coluber laurentiColuber najadumColuber nummifer
Coluber viridiflavus
Coronella austriacaEirenis modesta
Elaphe longissima
Elaphe quatuorlineataElaphe situlaNatrix natrix cetti
Natrix natrix corsa
Natrix tessellataTelescopus falax
Viperidae
Vipera ammodytes
Vipera schweizeri1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 39
▼A1
▼B
▼B
Vipera seoanni (except Spanishpopulations)
Vipera ursinii
Vipera xanthina
Boidae
Eryx jaculus
AMPHIBIANS
CAUDATA
Salamandridae
Chioglossa lusitanica
Euproctus asper
Euproctus montanus
Euproctus platycephalus
Salamandra atra
Salamandra aurorae
Salamandra lanzai
Salamandra luschani
Salamandrina terdigitata
Triturus carnifex
Triturus cristatus
Triturus italicus
Triturus karelinii
Triturus marmoratus
Proteidae
Proteus anguinus
Plethodontidae
Speleomantes ambrosii
Speleomantes flavus
Speleomantes genei
Speleomantes imperialis
Speleomantes italicus
Speleomantes supramontes
ANURA
Discoglossidae
Bombina bombina
Bombina variegata
Discoglossus galganoi
Discoglossus jeanneae
Discoglossus montalentii
Discoglossus pictus
Discoglossus sardus
Alytes cisternasii
Alytes muletensis
Alytes obstetricans
Ranidae
Rana arvalis
Rana dalmatina
Rana graeca
Rana iberica
Rana italica
Rana latastei
Rana lessonae
Pelobatidae
Pelobates cultripes
Pelobates fuscus
Pelobates syriacus
Bufonidae
Bufo calamita
Bufo viridis
Hylidae
Hyla arborea
Hyla meridionalis
Hyla sarda1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 40
▼B
FISH
ACIPENSERIFORMES
Acipenseridae
Acipenser naccarii
Acipenser sturio
ATHERINIFORMES
Cyprinodontidae
Valencia hispanica
CYPRINIFORMES
Cyprinidae
Anaecypris hispanica
PERCIFORMES
Percidae
Zingel asper
SALMONIFORMES
Coregonidae
Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of
the North Sea) ►A1(except the Finnish populations) ◄
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS
INSECTA
Coleoptera
Buprestis splendens
Carabus olympiae
Cerambyx cerdo
Cucujus cinnaberinus
Dytiscus latissimus
Graphoderus bilineatus
Osmoderma eremita
Rosalia alpina
Lepidoptera
Apatura metis
Coenonympha hero
Coenonympha oedippus
Erebia calcaria
Erebia christi
Erebia sudeticaEriogaster catax
Fabriciana elisa
Hypodryas maturna
Hyles hippophaes
Lopinga achine
Lycaena dispar
Maculinea arion
Maculinea nausithous
Maculinea teleius
Melanagria arge
Papilio alexanorPapilio hospiton
Parnassius apollo
Parnassius mnemosyne
Plebicula golgus
Proserpinus proserpina
Zerynthia polyxena
Mantodea
Apteromantis aptera
Odonata
Aeshna viridis
Cordulegaster trinacriae1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 41
▼B
Gomphus graslinii
Leucorrhina albifronsLeucorrhina caudalis
Leucorrhina pectoralis
Lindenia tetraphyllaMacromia splendens
Ophiogomphus cecilia
Oxygastra curtisii
Stylurus flavipes
Sympecma braueri
Orthoptera
Baetica ustulata
Saga pedo
ARACHNIDA
Araneae
Macrothele calpeiana
MOLLUSCS
GASTROPODA
Prosobranchia
Patella feruginea
Theodoxus prevostianus
Stylommatophora
Caseolus calculus
Caseolus commixta
Caseolus sphaerula
Discula leacockianaDiscula tabellata
Discula testudinalis
Discula turriculaDiscus defloratus
Discus guerinianus
Elona quimperiana
Geomalacus maculosus
Geomitra monizianaHelix subplicata
Leiostyla abbreviata
Leiostyla cassidaLeiostyla corneocostata
Leiostyla gibba
Leiostyla lamellosa
BIVALVIA
Anisomyaria
Lithophaga lithophaga
Pinna nobilis
Unionoida
Margaritifera auricularia
Unio crassus
ECHINODERMATA
Echinoidea
Centrostephanus longispinus
(b)PLANTS
Annex IV (b) contains all the plant species listed in Annex II (b)(
1) plus those
mentioned below1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 42
(1) Except bryophytes in Annex II (b).▼A1
▼B
▼B
PTERIDOPHYTA
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium hemionitis L.
ANGIOSPERMAE
AGAVACEAE
Dracaena draco (L.) L.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Narcissus longispathus Pugsley
Narcissus triandrus L.
BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis maderensis Lowe
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula morettiana Reichenb.
Physoplexis comosa (L.) Schur.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Moehringia fontqueri Pau
COMPOSITAE
Argyranthemum pinnatifidum (L.f.) Lowe
subsp. succulentum (Lowe) C. J. Humphries
Helichrysum sibthorpii Rouy
Picris willkommii (Schultz Bip.) Nyman
Santolina elegans Boiss. ex DC.
Senecio caespitosus Brot.
Senecio lagascanus DC.
subsp. lusitanicus (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva
Wagenitzia lancifolia (Sieber ex Sprengel) Dostal
CRUCIFERAE
Murbeckiella sousae Rothm.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Euphorbia nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
GESNERIACEAE
Jankaea heldreichii (Boiss.) Boiss.
Ramonda serbica Pancic
IRIDACEAE
Crocus etruscus Parl.
Iris boissieri Henriq.
Iris marisca Ricci & Colasante
LABIATAE
Rosmarinus tomentosus Huber-Morath& Maire
Teucrium charidemi Sandwith
Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns. & LinkThymus villosus L.
subsp. villosus L.
LILIACEAE
Androcymbium europeum (Lange) K. Richter
Bellevalia hackelli Freyn
Colchicum corsicum Baker
Colchicum cousturieri Greuter
Fritillaria conica Rix
Fritillaria drenovskii Dogen & Stoy.
Fritillaria gussichiae (Degen & Doerfler) Rix
Fritillaria obliqua Ker-Gawl.Fritillaria rhodocanakis Orph. ex Baker
Ornithogalum reverchonii Degen & Herv.-Bass.
Scilla beirana Samp.
Scilla odorata Link1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 43
▼B
ORCHIDACEAE
Ophrys argolica Fleischm.
Orchis scopulorum Simsmerh.
Spiranthes aestivalis (Poiret) L. C. M. Richard
PRIMULACEAE
Androsace cylindrica DC.
Primula glaucescens Moretti
Primula spectabilis Tratt.
RANUNCULACEAE
Aquilegia alpina L.
SAPOTACEAE
Sideroxylon marmulano Banks ex Lowe
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Saxifraga cintrana Kuzinsky ex Willk.
Saxifraga portosanctana Boiss.
Saxifraga presolanensis Engl.
Saxifraga valdensis DC.
Saxifraga vayredana Luizet
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Antirrhinum lopesianum Rothm.
Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Philcox
SOLANACEAE
Mandragora officinarum L.
THYMELAEACEAE
Thymelaea broterana P. Cout.
UMBELLIFERAE
Bunium brevifolium Lowe
VIOLACEAE
Viola athois W. Becker
Viola cazorlensis Gandoger
Viola delphinantha Boiss.1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 44
▼B
ANNEX V
ANIMALANDPLANTSPECIESOFCOMMUNITYINTERESTWHOSE
TAKING IN THE WILDANDEXPLOITATION MAY BE SUBJECTTO
MANAGEMENTMEASURES
The species listed in this Annex are indicated:
— by the name of the species or subspecies, or
— by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of
that taxon.
The abbreviation ‘spp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the
species belonging to that family or genus.
(a)ANIMALS
VERTEBRATES
MAMMALS
RODENTIA
Castoridae
Castor fiber (Finnishand Swedishpopulations)
CARNIVORA
Canidae
Canis aureus
Canis lupus (Spanishpopulations northof th e Duera and Greek popula-
tions northof th e 39thparallel) ►A1(Finnish populations within the
reindeermanagement area as defined in paragraph2 of th e FinnishAct
No 848/90 of 14 September 1990 on reindeer management) ◄
Mustelidae
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Phocidae
All species not mentioned in Annex IV
Viverridae
Genetta genetta
Herpestes ichneumon
DUPLICIDENTATA
Leporidae
Lepus timidus
ARTIODACTYLA
Bovidae
Capra ibex
Capra pyrenaica (except Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica)Rupicapra rupicapra (except Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica and rupi-
capra ornata)
AMPHIBIANS
ANURA
Ranidae
Rana esculenta
Rana perezi
Rana ridibundaRana temporaria1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 45
▼A1
▼B
▼B
FISH
PETROMYZONIFORMES
Petromyzonidae
Lampetra fluviatilis
Lethenteron zanandrai
ACIPENSERIFORMES
Acipenseridae
All species not mentioned in Annex IV
SALMONIFORMES
Salmonidae
Thymallus thymallus
Coregonus spp. (except Coregonus oxyrhynchus — anadromous popula-
tions in certain sectors of the North Sea)
Hucho hucho
Salmo salar (only in freshwater)
Cyprinidae
Aspius aspius
Barbus spp.
Rutilus friesii meidingeri
Rutilus pigus virgo
PERCIFORMES
Percidae
Gymnocephalus schraetzer
Zingel zingel
CLUPEIFORMES
Clupeidae
Alosa spp.
SILURIFORMES
Siluridae
Silurus aristotelis
INVERTEBRATES
COELENTERATA
CNIDARIA
Corallium rubrum
MOLLUSCA
GASTROPODA — STYLOMMATOPHORA
Helicidae
Helix pomatia
BIVALVIA — UNIONOIDA
Margaritiferidae
Margaritifera margaritifera
Unionidae
Microcondylaea compressa
Unio elongatulus1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 46
▼A1
▼B
▼A1
▼B
▼B
ANNELIDA
HIRUDINOIDEA — ARHYNCHOBDELLAE
Hirudinidae
Hirudo medicinalis
ARTHROPODA
CRUSTACEA — DECAPODA
Astacidae
Astacus astacus
Austropotamobius pallipesAustropotamobius torrentium
Scyllaridae
Scyllarides latus
INSECTA — LEPIDOPTERA
Saturniidae
Graellsia isabellae
(b)PLANTS
ALGAE
RHODOPHYTA
CORALLINACEAE
Lithothamnium coralloides Crouan frat.
Phymatholithon calcareum (Poll.) Adey & McKibbin
LICHENES
CLADONIACEAE
Cladonia L. subgenus Cladina (Nyl.) Vain.
BRYOPHYTA
MUSCI
LEUCOBRYACEAE
Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.
SPHAGNACEAE
Sphagnum L. spp. ►
C1(except Sphagnum ◄pylasii Brid.)
PTERIDOPHYTA
Lycopodium spp.
ANGIOSPERMAE
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Galanthus nivalis L.
Narcissus bulbocodium L.
Narcissus juncifolius Lagasca
COMPOSITAE
Arnica montana L.
Artemisia eriantha TenArtemisia genipi WeberDoronicum plantagineum L.
subsp. tournefortii (Rouy) P. Cout.
CRUCIFERAE
Alyssum pintadasilvae Dudley.
Malcolmia lacera (L.) DC.
subsp. graccilima (Samp.) Franco
Murbeckiella pinnatifida (Lam.) Rothm.
subsp. herminii (Rivas-Martinez) Greuter & Burdet1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 47
▼B
GENTIANACEAE
Gentiana lutea L.
IRIDACEAE
Iris lusitanica Ker-Gawler
LABIATAE
Teucrium salviastrum Schreber
subsp. salviastrum Schreber
LEGUMINOSAE
Anthyllis lusitanica Cullen & Pinto da Silva
Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop.
subsp. transmontana Franco
Ulex densus Welw. ex Webb.
LILIACEAE
Lilium rubrum Lmk
Ruscus aculeatus L.
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Armeria sampaio (Bernis) Nieto Feliner
ROSACEAE
Rubus genevieri Boreau
subsp. herminii (Samp.) P. Cout.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Anarrhinum longipedicelatum R. Fernandes
Euphrasia mendonçae Samp.
Scrophularia grandiflora DC.
subsp. grandiflora DC.
Scrophularia berminii Hoffmanns & Link
Scrophularia sublyrata Brot.
COMPOSITAE
Leuzea rhaponticoides Graells1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 48
▼B
ANNEX VI
PROHIBITEDMETHOD S ANDMEANS OF CAPTURE ANDKILLING
ANDMODESOFTRANSPORT
(a)Non-selectivemeans
MAMMALS
— Blind or mutilated animals used as live decoys
— Tape recorders
— Electrical and electronic devices capable of killing or stunning
— Artificial light sources— Mirrors and other dazzling devices— Devices for illuminating targets— Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image
magnifier or image converter
— Explosives
— Nets which are non-selective according to their principle or their condi-
tions of use
— Traps which are non-selective according to their principle or their condi-
tions of use
— Crossbows— Poisons and poisoned or anaesthetic bait— Gassing or smoking out— Semi-automatic or automatic weapons witha magazine capable of
holding more than two rounds of ammunition
FISH
— Poison
— Explosives
(b)Modesoftransport
— Aircraft
— Moving motor vehicles1992L0043 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 49