1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B ►M2 COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of22July1974
relating tomotorvehicleswithregard totheseats,theiranchoragesandheadrestraints
(74/408/EEC) ◄
(OJ L 221, 12.8.1974, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1CouncilDirective81/577/EECof20July1981  L2093429.7.1981 
►M2Commission Directive 96/37/EC of 17 June 1996 L 186 28 25.7.1996
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 221, 31.8.1996, p. 71 (96/37/EC)
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of22July1974
relatingtomotorvehicleswithregardtotheseats,theiranchorages
andheadrestraints
(74/408/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament(1);
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee;
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia , to interior fittings for the
strength of seats and their anchorages;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the same
requirements either in addition to or in place of their existing regula-tions in order, in particular, to allow of the EEC type-approvalprocedure, which was the subject of Council Directive No 70/156/EEC(
2) of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of laws of the
Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and theirtrailers, to be applied in respect of eachtype of veh icle;
Whereas common requirements for the interior fittings of the passenger
compartment, the layout of the controls, the roof, the backrests and the
rear part of the seats have been laid down by Council Directive No 74/60/EEC(
3) of 17 December 1973; whereas requirements for the internal
fittings for the behaviour of the steering mechanism in the event of animpact have been laid down by Council Directive 74/297/EEC(
4)o f4
June 1974; whereas other requirements for the internal fittings, and inparticular those relating to the head restraint, the seat belt anchoragesand the layout of the controls, will be adopted at a later date;
Whereas it is appropriate to utilize basically certain technical require-
ments adopted by the UN Economic Commission for Europe in itsRegulation No 17(
5) (Uniform provisions concerning the approval of
vehicles with regard to the strength of the seats and of theiranchorages) which is annexed to the Agreement of 20 March 1958concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and reci-
procal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts;
Whereas the approximation of national laws relating to motor vehicles
entails mutual recognition by Member States of inspection carried out
by each of them on the basis of common provisions; whereas such asystem must, if it is to function smoothly, be applied by all MemberStates witheffect from th e same date,1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 108, 10. 12. 1973, p. 75.
(2) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.
(3) OJ No L 38, 11. 2. 1974, p. 2.
(4) OJ No L 165, 20. 6. 1974, p. 16.
(5) EEC document from Geneva.
E/ECE/324/
E/ECE/TRANS/505Rev. 1/Add. 16.▼M2
▼B
( )B▼
▼B
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
1. For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any motor
vehicle designed for use on the road, with or without bodywork, having
at least four wheels and a maximum design speed exceeding 25 km/h,
►M2with the exception of vehicles which run on rails and of agri-
cultural and forestry tractors and all mobile machinery. ◄
2. This Directive does not apply to folding (tip-up) seats or to side-
facing or rearward-facing seats.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national
type-approval of a vehicle ►M2on grounds relating to the strength
of the seats or their anchorages, or to grant EEC type-approval or
national type-approval of a seat on grounds relating to its strengthand
occupant protection capability, if these meet the requirements set out inAnnexes II or III, as applicable, when the vehicle belongs to categoryM and is equipped withseat belts, and th e requirements set out inAnnex IV when the vehicle belongs to category M
2or M3not equipped
with seat belts or to category N. The vehicle categories are defined in
Annex IIA to Directive 70/156/EEC. ◄
Article 3
No Member State may refuse to register or prohibit the sale, entry into
service or use of any vehicle ►M2on grounds relating to the strength
of the seats or their anchorages, or prohibit the sale, entry into serviceor use of any seat on grounds relating to its strengthand occupant
protection capability, if these meet the requirements of the relevant
Annexes depending on the category to which the vehicle belongs asset out in Article 2. ◄
Article 4
The Member State which has granted type-approval must take the
necessary measures to ensure that it is informed of any modificationof any part or characteristic referred to in ►
M2Annex II, 2.2, Annex
III, 2.3 or Annex III, 2.4, as applicable ◄. The competent authorities
of that State shall determine whether fresh tests should be carried outon the modified vehicle and a fresh report drawn up. Where such testsreveal failure to comply with the requirements of this Directive, themodification shall not be approved.
Article 5
Modifications which are necessary to adapt the provisions of ►
M2the
Annexes ◄to take account of technical progress shall be adopted in
accordance withth e procedure laid down in Article 13 of DirectiveNo 70/156/EEC.
Article 6
1. By 1 March 1975, the Member States shall adopt and publish the
provisions necessary to comply with this Directive and shall immedi-ately inform the Commission thereof.
They shall apply these provisions from 1 October 1975.
2. As soon as this Directive has been notified, the Member States
shall ensure that any draft laws, regulations or administrative provi-sions which they intend to adopt in the field covered by this Directiveare communicated to the Commission in sufficient time for the latter tosubmit its comments thereon.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 3
▼M1
▼B
▼B
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 4
▼M2
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX I: Administrative provisions for EEC type-approval.
Appendix 1 : Information document (vehicle)
Appendix 2 : EEC type-approval certificate (vehicle)
Appendix 3 : Information document (component)
Appendix 4 : EEC type-approval certificate (component)
Appendix 5 : Model for the EEC type-approval mark
ANNEX II: Scope, definitions and requirements for vehicles in cate-
gory M1.
Appendix 1 : Tests and instructions for use
Appendix 2 : Test procedure for checking energy dissipa-
tion
Appendix 3 : Method for testing seat anchorages
ANNEXE III: Scope, definitions & requirements for certain vehicles in
categories M2&M3.
Appendix 1 : Test procedures for seats and/or anchorages
Appendix 2 : Test procedure for anchorages in a vehicle
Appendix 3 : Measurements to be made
Appendix 4 : Determination of acceptability criteria
Appendix 5 : Static test requirements
Appendix 6 : Energy absorption requirements
ANNEX IV: General specifications for vehicles not covered by
Annexes II and III.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 5
▼M2
ANNEX I
ADMINISTRATIVEPROVISIONSFOREECTYPE-APPROVAL
1.ApplicationforEECvehicletype-approval
1.1. The application for EEC type-approval of a vehicle of category M or N
with regard to the seats, their seat anchorages and their head restraints,
or of a vehicle of category M2or M3with regard to the anchorages,
pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be submitted
by the vehicle manufacturer.
1.2. A model for the information document is given in Appendix 1 to this
Annex.
1.3. The following must be submitted to the technical service responsible
for conducting the type-approval tests:
1.3.1. A vehicle representative of the type of vehicle to be approved and, if
required, a relevant part of the vehicle structure;
1.3.2. for vehicles covered by Annex II or III, an additional set of the seats of
the type with which the vehicle is equipped, together with their
anchorages;
1.3.3. for vehicles in category M1, in category M2witha maximum mass not
exceeding 3500 kg and in category N1, withseats fitted or capable of
being fitted with head restraints, in addition to the requirements set out
in Paragraphs 1.3.1 and 1.3.2:
1.3.3.1. in the case of detachable head restraints: an additional set of seats,
fitted with head restraints, of the type with which the vehicle is
equipped, together with their anchorages;
1.3.3.2. in the case of separate head restraints: an additional set of the seats of
the type with which the vehicle is equipped, with their anchorages, an
additional set of the corresponding head restraints and the part of the
vehicle structure to which the head restraint is fitted, or a complete
structure.
2.ApplicationforEECcomponenttype-approvalofaseat
2.1. The application for EEC component type-approval of a seat type
pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be submitted
by the seat manufacturer.
2.2. ►C1A model for the information document is given in Appendix 3 to
this Annex. ◄
2.3. The following must be submitted to the Technical Service responsible
for conducting the type-approval tests:
2.3.1. three samples of the seat of the type to be approved. Each seat must be
clearly and indelibly marked withth e manufacturers trade name or
mark and the type-designation.
3.GrantingofEECtype-approval
3.1. If the relevant requirements are satisfied EEC type-approval pursuant to
Article 4 (3) and, if applicable, Article 4 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC
shall be granted.
3.2. A model for the EEC-type approval certificate is given in:3.2.1. ►
C1Appendix 2 for applications referred to in Paragraph1; ◄
3.2.2. Appendix 4 for applications referred to in Paragraph2.3.3. An approval number in accordance withAnnex VII to Directive 70/156/
EEC shall be assigned to each type of vehicle or each type of seat
approved. The same Member State shall not assign the same number
to another type of vehicle or to another type of seat.
4.Modificationsofthetypeandamendmentstoapprovals
4.1. In the case of modifications of the type approved pursuant to this Direc-
tive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall apply.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 6
▼M2
5.Conformityofproduction
5.1. As a general rule, measures to ensure the conformity of production shall
be taken in accordance withth e provisions laid down in Article 10 of
Directive 70/156/EEC.
6.Markings
6.1. Every seat conforming to the type approved under this Directive as a
component shall bear an EEC type-approval mark.
6.2. This mark shall consist of:6.2.1. a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing
number or letters of the Member State which has granted type-approval:
1. for Germany
2. for France3. for Italy
4. for the Netherlands
5. for Sweden6. for Belgium
9. for Spain
11. for the United Kingdom12. for Austria13. for Luxembourg
17. for Finland
18. for Denmark21. for Portugal23. for Greece
IRL. for Ireland.
6.2.2. in the vicinity of the rectangle the ‘base approval number’ contained in
Section 4 of the type-approval number referred to in Annex VII of
Directive 70/156/EEC, preceded by the two figures indicating the
sequence number assigned to the most recent major technical amend-
ment to Directive 74/408/EEC on the date EEC type-approval was
granted. In this Directive the sequence number is 00;
6.2.3. the additional symbol ‘D’ located above the rectangle indicating that
the dynamic test(s) according to Appendix 1 of Annex III has (have)
been carried out for the approval of the seat.
6.3. The EEC type-approval mark must be affixed to the seat or seats in
sucha way as to be indelible and clearly legible.
6.4. An example of the EEC type-approval mark is shown in Appendix 5.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 7
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Appendix 1
Information document No …
pursuanttoAnnexIofDirective70/156/EEC(1)
relatingtoEECtype-approvalofavehiclewithrespecttoitsseats,anchorages
andheadrestraints,Directive74/408/EEC,aslastamendedbyDirective96/37/EC
Thefollowinginformation,ifapplicablemustbesuppliedintriplicateand
include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied in appropriate scale
and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, ifany, must show sufficient detail.
If the systems, components, or separate technical units have electronic controls,
information concerning their performance must be supplied.
0. General
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.3. Means of identification of type. If marked on the vehicle (
b):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:0.4. Category of vehicle (
c):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1. Generalconstructioncharacteristics ofthevehicle
1.1. Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle:9. Bodywork
9.1. Type of bodywork:
9.2. Materials used and methods of construction:9.10. Interior fittings
9.10.3. Seats
9.10.3.1. Number:9.10.3.2. Position and arrangements:9.10.3.3. Mass:9.10.3.4. Characteristics: For seats not type approved as components,
description and drawings of
9.10.3.4.1. the seats and their anchorages:9.10.3.4.2. the adjustment system:
9.10.3.4.3. the displacement and locking systems:
9.10.3.4.4. the seat belt anchorages (if incorporated in the seat structure):9.10.3.4.5. the parts of the vehicle used as anchorages:9.10.3.5. Coordinates or drawing of the R point (x)9.10.3.5.1. Driver's seat:
9.10.3.5.2. All other seating positions:
9.10.3.6. Design torso angle9.10.3.6.1. Driver's seat:9.10.3.6.2. All other seating positions:9.10.3.7. Range of seat adjustment
9.10.3.7.1. Driver's seat:1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 8
(1) The item numbers and footnotes used in this information Document correspond to those
set out in Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC. Items not relevant for the purpose of this
Directive are omitted.
▼M2
9.10.3.7.2. All other seating positions:
9.10.4. Head restraints
9.10.4.1. Types(s) of head restraints: integrated/detachable/separate (1)
9.10.4.2. Type-approval number(s), if available:
9.10.4.3. For head restraints not yet approved
9.10.4.3.1. A detailed description of the head restraint, specifying in particular
the nature of the padding material or materials used and, where
applicable, the position and specification of the braces and ancho-
rage pieces for the type or types of seats for which approval is
sought:
9.10.4.3.2. In the case of a ‘separate’ head restraint
9.10.4.3.2.1. A detailed description of the structural zone to which the head
restraint is intended to be fixed:
9.10.4.3.2.2. Dimensional drawings of the characteristics parts of the structure
and the head restraint:
Date, file
In the case of applications with respect to seats, their anchorages and, if applic-
able, their head restraints, all the items listed above except item 9.10.3.4.5 must
be indicated.
In the case of applications with respect to seat anchorages of vehicles in cate-
gory M2or M3, items 0 to 0.8, 1, 1.1, 9 to 9.2, 9.10.3.4 and 9.10.3.4.5 must be
indicated.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 9
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Appendix 2
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the
— type-approval(1)
— extension of type-approval (1)
— refusal of type-approval (1)
— withdrawal of type-approval (1)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) withregard to Direc-
tive 74/408/EEC, as last amended by Direcctive 96/37/EC.
Type-approval Number:
Reason for extension:
Section I
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/
separate technical unit (1)(2):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:0.4. Category of vehicle(
3):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
Section II
1. Additional Information (where applicable) (see Addendum)2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:
4. Number of test report:5. Remarks (if any) (see Addendum)
6. Place:
7. Date:8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request, is attached.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 10
(1) Delete where not applicable
(2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to a description of
the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approvalcertificate, such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol‘?’ (e.g. ABC??123??).
(
3) As defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC
▼M2
Addendum to EECtype-approval certificate No …
concerning the type-approval of a vehicle with regard to Directive 74/408/EEC
as last amended by Directive 96/37/EC
1. Additional Information
1.1. Make and type of EEC component type approved seats (if any):
1.2. For eachrow of seats: individual/bench , fixed/adjustable, fixed back/adjus-
table back, tipping back/inclining back(1).
1.3. Position and arrangement of seats (EEC type-approved seats and other
seats):
1.4. Seats, if any, which incorporate a safety belt anchorage:
1.5. For each seat: type of head restraints, if any integrated/detachable/sepa-
rate (1).
1.6. Brief description of the vehicle type with respect to its seat anchorages and
minimum value of the distance between anchorages (in the case of
approvals granted withregard to seat anch orages of M2or M3vehicles):
5. Remarks:1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 11
(1) Delete where not applicable
▼M2
Appendix 3
Information document No …
relating to EEC type-approval of seats as components,
Directive 74/408/EEC, as last amended by Directive 96/37/EC
The following information, if applicable, must be supplied in triplicate and
include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied in appropriate scale
and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if
any, must show sufficient detail.
If the systems, components, or separate technical units have electronic controls,
information concerning their performance must be supplied.
0.GENERAL
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
1.Descriptionofthedevice
1.1. Characteristics: Description and drawings of
1.1.1. The seat and its attachment fittings:1.1.2. The adjustment system:
1.1.3. The displacement and locking systems:
1.1.4. The seat belt anchorages (if incorporated in the seat structure):1.1.5. Minimum distance between fitting points:
1.1.6. Head restraints, if any:
1.2. Co-ordinates or drawing of the R point (x):1.3. Range of seat adjustment:
Date, file1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 12
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Appendix 4
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the
— type-approval(1)
— extension of type-approval (1)
— refusal of type-approval (1)
— withdrawal of type-approval (1)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (1) withregard to
Direcitve 74/408/EEC, as last amended by Directive 96/37/EC.
Type-approval Number:
Reason for extension:
Section I
0.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer):0.2. Type and general commercial description(s):
0.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/
separate technical unit (
1)(2):
0.3.1. Location of that marking:
0.4. Category of vehicle(3):
0.5. Name and address of manufacturer:
0.7. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and
method of affixing of the EEC type-approval mark:
0.8. Address(es) of assembly plant(s):
Section II
1. Additional Information (where applicable) (see Addendum)2. Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3. Date of test report:
4. Number of test report:5. Remarks (if any) (see Addendum)
6. Place:
7. Date:8. Signature:
9. The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority,
which may be obtained on request, is attached.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 13
(1) Delete where not applicable
(2) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to a description of
the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approvalcertificate, such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol‘?’ (e. g. ABC??123??).
(
3) As defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC.
▼M2
Addendum to EECtype-approval certificate No …
concerning the type-approval of a seat type as a component with regard to
Directive 74/408/EEC, as last amended by Directive 96/37/EC
1. Additional Information
1.1. Brief description of the seat type, its attachment fittings and its adjust-
ment, displacement and locking system including the minimum distance
between fitting points:
1.3. Position and arrangement of seats:1.4. Seats, if any, which incorporate a safety belt anchorage:
1.5. Type of head restraint, if any: integrated/detachable/separate(
1)
5. Remarks:5.1. Energy absorption test of the rear part of the seat-back: yes/no (
1)
5.1.2. Drawings showing the area of the rear part of the seat-back verified for
energy dissipation:
5.2. Seat approved in accordance withParagraph3.2.1 of Annex III (dynamic
test): yes/no (1)
5.2.1. Test 1: yes/no (1)
5.2.2. Test 2: yes/no (1)
5.2.3. Description of the belts and anchorages used for the purpose of Test 2:5.2.4. Type of auxiliary seat used for Test 2 (if different from the type of seat
approved):
5.3. Seat approved in accordance withParagraph3.2.2 of Annex III (static
test): yes/no (
1)
5.3.1 Test according to Appendix 5: yes/no (1)
5.3.2. Test according to Appendix 6: yes/no (1)1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 14
(1) Delete where not applicable
▼M2
Appendix 5
Model for the EEC type-approval mark
The seat bearing the above EEC type-approval mark is a device which has been
approved in Spain (e9) under the base approval number 0148 on the basis of this
Directive (00). The figures used are only indicative.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 15
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ANNEX II
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLES IN
CATEGORYM1
1.Scope
1.0. The requirements in this Annex apply to vehicles in categories M1.
1.1. The requirements of this Annex do not apply to folding, side-facing or
rear-facing seats, or to any head restraint fitted to such seats.
1.2. Head restraints approved according to the requirements of Directive 78/
392/EEC shall be deemed to conform with the applicable requirements
of this Directive.
1.3. The rear parts of seats situated in Area 1, or the rear parts of head
restraints which conform to the requirements of Paragraph 5.7 of Annex
I to Directive 74/60/EEC (which relates to interior fittings), shall be
deemed to conform to the corresponding requirements of this Directive.
2.Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex
2.1. ‘Approval of a vehicle’ means the approval of a vehicle type with
regard to the strength of the seats and their anchorages, the design of
the rear parts of the seat backs and the characteristics of the head
restraints;
2.2. ‘Vehicle type’ means motor vehicles which do not differ essentially
withrespect to:
2.2.1. the structure, shape, dimensions, materials and the mass of the seats,
although the seats may differ in covering and colour; differences not
exceeding 5 % in the mass of the approved seat type shall not be
considered significant;
2.2.2. the type and dimensions of the adjustment, displacement and locking
systems of the seat back and seats and their parts;
2.2.3. the type and dimensions of the seat anchorages;2.2.4. the dimensions, frame, materials and padding of head restraints,
although they may differ in colour and covering;
2.2.5. the type and dimensions of the attachments of the head restraint and the
characteristics of the part of the vehicle to which the head restraint is
attached, in the case of a separate head restraint;
2.3. ‘Seat’ means a structure which may or may not be integral with the
vehicle structure complete with trim, intended to seat one adult person.
The term covers both an individual seat or part of a bench seat intended
to seat one person;
2.4. ‘Benchseat’ means a structure complete withtrim, intended to seat
more than one adult person;
2.5. ‘Anchorage’ means the system by which the seat assembly is secured to
the vehicle structure, including the affected parts of the vehicle struc-
ture;
2.6. ‘Adjustment system’ means the device by which the seat or its parts can
be adjusted to a position suited to the morphology of the seated occu-
pant. This device may, in particular, permit:
2.6.1. longitudinal adjustment;
2.6.2. vertical adjustment;
2.6.3. angular adjustment;2.7. ‘Displacement system’ means a device by which the seat or one of its
parts can be displaced or rotated, without a fixed intermediate position,
to permit easy access to the space behind the seat concerned;
2.8. ‘Locking system’ means a device ensuring that the seat and its parts are
maintained in the position of use;
2.9. ‘Folding seat’ means an auxiliary seat intended for occasional use and
normally folded;1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 16
▼M2
2.10. ‘Transverse plane’ mans a vertical plane perpendicular to the median
longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
2.1. ‘Longitudinal plane’ means a plane parallel to the median longitudinal
plane of the vehicle;
2.12. ‘Head restraint’ means a device whose function is to limit the rearward
displacement of an adult occupant's head in relation to his torso in order
to reduce the danger of injury to the cervical vertebrae of that occupant
in the event of an accident;
2.12.1. ‘Integrated head restraint’ means a head restraint formed by the upper
part of the seat back. Head restraints meeting the definitions in para-
graphs 2.12.2 and 2.12.3 below, but which can only be detached fromthe seat or the vehicle structure by the use of tools or by the partial or
complete removal of the seat covering, meet the present definition;
2.12.2. ‘Detachable head restraint’ means a head restraint consisting of a
component separable from the seat, designed for insertion and positive
retention in the seat back structure;
2.12.3. ►
C1‘Separate head restraint’ means a head restraint consisting of a
component separate from the seat, designed for insertion and/or positive
retention in the structure of the vehicle; ◄
2.13. ‘R point’ means the seating reference point as defined in Annex III to
Directive 77/649/EEC;
2.14. ‘Reference line’ means the line on the manikin reproduced in Figure 1.
3.Requirements
3.1. A head restraint shall be mounted on every outboard front seat in every
vehicle of category M1. (Seats fitted withh ead restraints, intended for
fitment in other seating positions and in other categories of vehicle,
may also be approved to this Annex).
3.2. General requirements applicable to all seats
3.2.1. Every adjustment and displacement system provided shall incorporate a
locking system, which shall operate automatically. Locking systems for
armrests or other comfort devices are not necessary unless the presence
of suchdevices will cause additional risk of injury to th e occupants of a
vehicle in the event of a collision.
3.2.2. The unlocking control for a device as referred to in Paragraph 2.7 shall
be placed on the outside of the seat close to the door. It shall be easily
accessible, even to the occupant of the seat immediately behind the seat
concerned.
3.2.3. The rear parts of seats situated in Area 1, defined in Paragraph 8.1.1 of
Appendix 1, shall pass the energy dissipation test in accordance with
the requirements of Appendix 2(1).
3.2.3.1. This requirement is deemed to be met if, in the tests carried out by the
procedure specified in Appendix 2, the deceleration of the headform
does not exceed 80g continuously for more than 3 ms. Moreover, no
dangerous edge shall occur during or remain after the test.
3.2.3.2. This requirements of paragraph 3.2.3 shall not apply to rearmost seats
or to back-to-back seats.
3.2.4. The surface of the rear parts of seats shall exhibit no dangerous rough-
ness or sharp edges likely to increase the risk of severity of injury to
the occupants (1). This requirement is considered as satisfied if the
surface of the rear parts of seats tested in the conditions specified in
Appendix 1 exhibit radii of curvature of not less than:
— 2,5 mm in area 1,
— 5,0 mm in area 2,— 3,2 mm in area 3.
These areas are defined in Paragraph 8.1 of Appendix 1.
3.2.4.1. This requirement does not apply to:
— the parts of the different areas exhibiting a projection of less than
3.2 mm from the surrounding surface, which shall exhibit blunted1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 17
(1) Vehicles of category M1are considered to comply withth e provisions of paragraph s
3.2.3 and 3.2.4 of this Annex provided that they comply with the provisions of Direc-
tive 74/60/EEC.
▼M2
edges, provided that the height of the projection is not more than
half its width,
— rearmost seats and back-to-back seats,— rear parts of seats situated below a horizontal plane passing through
the lowest R point in each row of seats. (Where rows of seats have
different heights, starting from the rear, the plane shall be turned up
or down forming a vertical step passing through the R point of the
row of seats immediately in front),
— parts suchas ‘flexible wire mesh ’.
3.2.4.2. In Area 2, defined in Paragraph8.1.2 of Appendix 1, surfaces may
exhibit radii less than 5 mm, but not less than 2.5 mm provided that
they pass the energy-dissipation test prescribed in Appendix 2. More-
over, these surfaces must be padded to avoid direct contact of the
head with the seat frame structure.
3.2.4.3. If the areas above contain parts covered with material softer than Shore
50 hardness, the above requirements, with the exception of those
relating to the energy-dissipation test in accordance with the require-
ments of Appendix 2, shall apply only to the rigid parts.
3.2.5. No failure shall be shown in the seat frame or in the seat anchorage, the
adjustment and displacement systems or their locking devices during or
after the test prescribed in Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Appendix 1. Perma-
nent deformations, including ruptures, may be accepted provided that
these do not increase the risk of injury in the event of a collision and
the prescribed loads were sustained.
3.2.6. No release of the locking systems shall occur during the tests described
in Paragraph3 of Appendix 1.
3.2.7. After the tests, the displacement systems intended for permitting or
facilitating the access of occupants must be in working order; they
must be capable, at least once, of being unlocked and must permit the
displacement of the seat or the part of the seat for which they are
intended.
3.2.8. Any other displacement systems, as well as adjustment systems and
their locking systems are not required to be in working order.
3.2.9. In the case of seats provided with head restraints, the strength of the
seat back and of its locking devices is deemed to meet the requirements
set out in Paragraph2 wh en, after testing in accordance withParagraph
4.3.6, no breakage of the seat or seat back has occurred; otherwise, it
must be shown that the seat is capable of meeting the requirements set
out in Paragraph2.
3.2.10. In the case of seats (benches) with more places to sit than head
restraints, the test described in Paragraph 2 shall be carried out.
3.3. Special requirements for seats fitted or capable of being fitted withh ead
restraints.
3.3.1. The presence of the head restraint must not be an additional cause of
danger to the occupants of the vehicle. In particular, it shall not in any
position of use exhibit any dangerous roughness or sharp edge liable to
increase the risk or seriousness of injury to the occupants.
3.3.2. Parts of the front and rear faces of the head restraints situated in Area
1, as defined in Paragraph 8.1.1.3 of Appendix 1, shall pass the energy
absorption test.
3.3.2.1. This requirement is deemed to be met if in the tests carried out by the
procedure specified in Appendix 2 the deceleration of the headform
does not exceed 80g continuously for more than 3 ms. Moreover, no
dangerous edge shall occur during or remain after the test.
3.3.3. Parts of the front and rear faces of head restraints situated in Area 2, as
defined in Paragraph8.1.2 of Appendix 1, sh all be so padded as to
prevent any direct contact of the head with the components of the struc-
ture and shall meet the requirements of Paragraph 3.2.4 applicable to
the rear parts of seats situated in Area 2.
3.3.4. The requirements of Paragraphs 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 shall not apply to parts
of rear faces of head restraints designed to be fitted to seats behind
which no seat is provided.
3.3.5. The head restraint shall be secured to the seat or to the vehicle structure
in such a way that no rigid and dangerous parts project from the
padding of the head restraint or from its attachment to the seat back as
a result of the pressure exerted by the head form during the test.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 18
▼M2
3.3.6. In the case of a seat fitted with a head restraint, the provisions of Para-
graph 3.2.3 may, after agreement of the technical service, be considered
to be met if the seat fitted with its head restraint complies with the
provisions of Paragraph3.3.2.
3.4. Height of head restraints
3.4.1. The height of head restraints shall be measured as described in Para-
graph5 of Appendix 1.
3.4.2. For head restraints not adjustable for height, the height shall be not less
than800mm(1)forfrontseatsandnotlessthan750mm(2)forother
seating positions.
3.4.3. For head restraints adjustable for height:3.4.3.1. the height shall be not less than 800 mm (
1) for front seats and not less
than750mm(2)forotherseatingpositions;thisvalueshallbeobtained
in a position between the highest and lowest positions to which adjust-
ment is possible;
3.4.3.2. there shall be no use position resulting in a height of less than
750mm(2);
3.4.3.3. in the case of seats other than the front seats the head restraints may be
such that they can be displaced to a position resulting in a height of less
than750mm(2),providedthatsuchpositionisclearlyrecognisableto
the occupant as not being intended for the use of the head restraint;
3.4.3.4. in the case of front seats head restraints may be such that they can be
automatically displaced when the seat is not occupied, to a position
resultinginaheightoflessthan750mm(2),providedthattheyauto-
matically return to the position of use when the seat is occupied.
3.4.4. The dimensions mentioned in paragraphs 3.4.2 and 3.4.3.1 above may
be reduced to leave adequate clearance between the head restraint and
the interior surface of the roof, the windows or any part of the vehicle
structure; however, the clearance shall not exceed 25 mm. In the case
of seats fitted with displacement and/or adjustment systems, this shall
apply to all seat positions. Furthermore, by way of derogation from
paragraph 3.4.3.2, there shall not be any use position resulting in a
height lower than 700 mm.
3.4.5. By derogation to the height requirements mentioned in Paragraphs
3.4.2, 3.4.3.1 and 3.4.3.2, the height of any head restraint designed tobe provided in rear centre seats or seating positions shall be not less
than 700 mm.
3.5. In the case of a seat capable of being fitted with a head restraint, the
provisions of Paragraphs 3.2.3 and 3.3.2 shall be verified.
3.5.1. The height of the part of the device on which the head rests, measured
as described in Paragraph 5 of Appendix 1, shall in the case of a head
restraint adjustable for height be not less than 100 mm.
3.6. There shall be no gap of more than 60 mm between the seat back and
the head restraint in the case of a device not adjustable for height. If the
head restraint is adjustable for height it shall, in its lowest position, be
not more than 25 mm from the top of the seat back. In the case of seats
or bench seats adjustable in height provided with separate head
restraints, this requirement shall be verified for all the positions of the
seat or benchseat.
3.7. In the case of head restraints integral with the seat back, the area to be
considered is:
—aboveaplaneperpendiculartothereferencelineat540mmfrom
theRpoint;
—betweentwoverticallongitudinalplanespassingat85mmoneither
sideofthereferenceline.Inthisarea,oneormoregapswhich
regardlessoftheirshapecanshowadistance‘a’ofmorethan
60mmwhenmeasuredasdescribedinParagraph7ofAppendix1,
arepermitted,providedthat,aftertheadditionaltestunderPara-
graph4.3.3.2ofAppendix1,therequirementsofParagraph3.10
arestillmet.
3.8.Inthecaseofheadrestraintsadjustableforheightoneormoregaps,
whichregardlessoftheirshapecanshowadistance‘a’ofmorethan1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 19
(1) Until 1. 10. 1999 for new vehicle types and 1. 10. 2001 for all vehicles, the value of
750 mm shall apply.
(2)Until1.10.1999fornewvehicletypesand1.10.2001forallvehicles,thevalueof
700mmshallapply.
▼M2
60 mm when measured as described in Paragraph 7 of Appendix 1, are
permitted on the part of the device serving as a head restraint provided
that, after the additional test under Paragraph 4.3.3.2 of Appendix 1, the
requirements of Paragraph3.10 are still met.
3.9. The width of the head restraint shall be such as to provide appropriate
support for the head of a person normally seated. As determined
according to the procedure described in Paragraph 6 of Appendix 1,
the head restraint shall cover an area extending not less than 85 mm
to each side of the vertical median plane of the seat for which the
head restraint is intended.
3.10. The head restraint and its anchorage shall be such that the maximum
backward displacement X of the head permitted by the head restraint
and measured in conformity withth e static procedure laid down in
Paragraph4.3 of Appendix 1, is less th an 102 mm.
3.11. The head restraint and its anchorage shall be strong enough to bear
without breakage the load specified in Paragraph 4.3.6 of Appendix 1.
In the case of head restraints integral with the seatback, the require-
ments of this paragraph shall apply to the parts of the seat back
structure situated above a plane perpendicular to the reference line at
540 mm from the R point.
3.12. If the head restraint is adjustable, it shall not be possible to raise it
beyond the maximum operational height except by deliberate action on
the part of the user distinct from any act necessary for its adjustment.
3.13. The strength of the seat back and of its locking devices is deemed to
meet the requirements set out in Paragraph 2 of Appendix 1 when, after
testing in accordance withParagraph4.3.6 of Appendix 1 no breakage
of the seat or seat back has occurred; otherwise, it shall be shown that
the seat is capable of meeting the test requirements set out in Paragraph
2 of Appendix 1.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 20
▼M2
Appendix 1
Testsandinstructionsforuse
1.Generalspecificationsapplicabletoalltests
1.1. The seat back, if adjustable, shall be locked in a position corresponding
to a rearward inclination as close as possible to 25º from the vertical ofthe torso reference line of the manikin shown in Figure 1, unless other-
wise specified by the manufacturer.
1.2. When a seat, its locking mechanism and its installation are identical or
symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, the technical
service may test only one suchseat.
1.3. ►
C1In the case of seats with adjustable head restraints, the tests shall
be conducted with the head restraints placed in the most unfavourable
position (generally the highest position) allowed by its adjusting
system. ◄
2.Testofstrengthoftheseatbackanditsadjustmentsystems
2.1. A force producing a moment of 530 Nm in relation to the R point shall
be applied longitudinally and rearwards to the upper part of the seat
back frame through a component stimulating the back of the manikin.
In the case of a bench seat, where part or all of the supporting frame
(including that of the head restraints) is common to more than one
seating position, the test shall be conducted simultaneously for all those
seating positions.
3.Test of the strength of the seat anchorage and the adjustment,
lockinganddisplacementsystems
3.1. ►C1A longitudinal horizontal deceleration of not less than 20g shall
be applied for 30 ms in the forward direction to the whole shell, or a
representative part of the shell, of the vehicle, in accordance with the
requirements of Paragraph1 of Appendix 3. ◄
3.2. A longitudinal deceleration in accordance withth e requirements of
Paragraph 3.1 shall be applied in the rearward direction.
3.3. The requirements of Pargraphs 3.1 and 3.2 shall be verified for all posi-
tions of the seat. In the case of seats fitted with an adjustable head
restraint, the test shall be conducted with the head restraints placed in
the most unfavourable position (generally the highest position) allowed
by its adjusting system. During the test the seat shall be so positioned
that no external factor shall prevent the release of the locking systems.
These conditions shall be considered to be met if the seat is tested after
being adjusted in the following positions:
— the longitudinal adjustment is fixed one notch or 10 mm rearward of
the most forward normal driving position or position of use as indi-
cated by the manufacturer (for seats with independent vertical
adjustment, the cushion shall be placed in its highest position);
— the longitudinal adjustment is fixed one notch or 10 mm forward of
the most rearward normal driving position or position of use as indi-
cated by the manufacturer (for seats with independent vertical
adjustment, the cushion shall be placed in its lowest position), and
where appropriate, in accordance with the requirements of Para-
graph3.4.
3.4. In cases where the arrangement of the locking systems is such that, in a
seat position other than those defined in Paragraph 3.3, the distribution
of the forces on the locking devices and seat anchorages would be less
favourable than with either configuration defined in Paragraph 3.3, the
tests shall be conducted for that less favourable seating position.
3.5. The test conditions of paragraph 3.1 shall be considered to be satisfied
if, at the request of the manufacturer, they are replaced by a collision
test of the complete vehicle in running order against a rigid barrier as
laid down in paragraph 2 of Appendix 3 to this Annex. In this case, the
seat shall be adjusted for the least favourable conditions of distribution
of stresses in the anchorage system as provided for in paragaphs 1.1,
3.3 and 3.4.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 21
▼M2
4.Testoftheperformanceoftheheadrestraint
4.1. If the head restraint is adjustable, it shall be placed in the most unfa-
vourable position (generally the highest position) allowed by its
adjustment system.
4.2. In the case of a bench seat, where part or all of the supporting frame
(including that of the head restraints) is common to more than one
seating position, the test shall be conducted simultaneously for all those
seating positions.
4.3. Test4.3.1. All lines, including the projections of the reference line, shall be drawn
in the vertical median plane of the seat or seating position concerned
(see Figure 2).
4.3.2. The displaced reference line is determined by applying to the part simu-
lating the back of the manikin referred to in Figure 2 an initial force
producing a rearward moment of 373 Nm about the R point.
4.3.3. By means of a spherical headform 165 mm in diameter an initial force
producing a moment of 373 Nm about the R point is applied at right
angles to the displaced reference line at a distance of 65 mm below
the top of the head restraint, the reference line being kept in its
displaced position as determined in accordance withth e requirements
of Paragraph4.3.2.
4.3.3.1. If the presence of gaps prevents the application of the force prescribed
in Paragraph 4.3.3 at 65 mm from the top of the head restraint, the
distance may be reduced so that the axis of the force passes through
the centre line of the frame element nearest to the gap.
4.3.3.2. In the case described in paragraphs 3.7 and 3.8 of Annex II, the test
shall be repeated by applying to each gap, using a sphere of 165 mm
in diameter, a force:
— passing through the centre of gravity of the smallest of the sections
of the gap, along transversal planes parallel to the reference line,
and
— reproducing a moment of 373 Nm about the R point.
4.3.4. The tangent Y to the spherical headform, parallel to the displaced refer-
ence line, is determined.
4.3.5. The distance X provided for in Paragraph 3.10 of Annex II, between the
tangent Y and the displaced reference line is measured.
4.3.6. To check the effectiveness of the head restraint, the initial load speci-
fied in Paragraphs 4.3.3 and 4.3.3.2 is increased to 890 N unless the
breakage of the seat or seat back occurs earlier.
5.Determinationoftheheightoftheheadrestraint
5.1. All lines, including the projection of the reference line, shall be drawn
in the vertical median plane of the seat or seating position concerned,
the intersection of such plane with the seat determining the contour of
the head restraint and of the seat back (see Figure 1a).
5.2. The manikin described in Annex III to Directive 77/649/EEC shall be
placed in a normal position on the seat.
5.3. The projection of the reference line of the manikin is then, in the seat
concerned, drawn in the plane specified in Paragraph 4.3.1.
The tangent S to the top of the head restraint is drawn perpendicular to
the reference line.
5.4. The distance ‘h’ from the R point to the tangent S is the height to be
taken into consideration in implementing the requirements of Paragraph
3.4 of Annex II.
6.Determinationofthewidthoftheheadrestraint(seeFigure1b)
6.1. The plane S
1, perpendicular to the reference line and situated 65 mm
below the tangent S defined in Paragraph 5.3, determines a section in
the head restraint bounded by the outline C.
6.2. The width of the head restraint to be taken into consideration in imple-
menting the requirements of Paragraph 3.9 of Annex II is the distance
‘L’ measured in the plan S1between the vertical longitudinal planes p
and p′.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 22
▼M2
6.3. The width of the head restraint shall if necessary also be determined in
the plane perpendicular to the reference line 635 mm above the R point
of the seat, this distance being measured along the reference line.
7.Determinationofdistance‘a’ofheadrestraintgaps(seeFigure3)
7.1. The distance ‘a’ shall be determined for each gap and in relation to the
front face of head restraint, by means of a sphere having a diameter of
165 mm.
7.2. The sphere shall be put into contact with the gap in a point of the gap
area which allows the maximum sphere intrusion, considering no load
is to be applied.
7.3. ►C1The distance between the two points of contact of the sphere
with the gap will constitute the distance ‘a’ to be considered for the
evaluation of the provisions under Paragraphs 3.7 and 3.8 of Annex
II.◄
8.Tests for checking energy dissipation on the seat back and head
restraint
8.1. The surfaces of the rear parts of seats to be checked are those situated
in the areas defined below which can be contacted by a 165 mm
diameter sphere when the seat is mounted in the vehicle.
8.1.1. Area 1
8.1.1.1. In the case of separate seats without head restraints, this area shall
include the rear part of the seat back between the longitudinal vertical
planes situated at 100 mm on either side of the longitudinal median
plane of eachdesignated outboard seating position defined by th e
manufacturer and above a plane perpendicular to the reference line
100 mm below the top of the seat back.
8.1.1.2. In the case of bench seats without head restraints, this area shall extend
between the longitudinal vertical planes situated at 100 mm on either
side of the longitudinal median plane of each designated outboard
seating position defined by the manufacturer and above a plane perpen-
dicular to the reference line 100 mm below the top of the seat-back.
8.1.1.3. In the case of seats or bench seats with head restraints, this area shall
extend between the longitudinal vertical planes, on either side of, and
70 mm from the longitudinal median plane of the seat or of the seating
position concerned and situated above the plane perpendicular to the
reference line 635 mm from the R point. For the test, the head restraint,
if adjustable, shall be placed in the most unfavourable position (gener-
ally the highest) permitted by its adjustment system.
8.1.2. Area 28.1.2.1. In the case of seats or bench seats without head restraints and seats or
bench seats with detachable or separate head restraints, Area 2 shall
extend above a plane perpendicular to the reference line 100 mm
distant from the top of the seat back, other than parts of Area 1.
8.1.2.2. In the case of seats or bench seats with integrated head restraints, Area
2 shall extend above a plane perpendicular to the reference line 440 mm
distant from the R point of the seat or of the seating position concerned,
other than parts of Area 1.
8.1.3. Area 38.1.3.1. Area 3 is defined as the part of the back of the seat or the bench seats
situated above the horizontal planes defined in the third indent of Para-
graph3.2.4.1 of th is Annex, excluding parts situated in Area 1 and Area
2.
9.Equivalenttestmethods
If a test method other than those specified in Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 above
and Appendix 2 is used, its equivalence shall be proved.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
For seats fitted with adjustable head restraints, the manufacturers shall provide
instructions on how to operate, adjust, lock and, where appropriate, remove the
head restraints.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 23
▼M2
Appendix 2
Testprocedureforcheckingenergydissipation
1.Installation,testapparatus,recordinginstrumentsandprocedure
1.1. Setting up1.1.1. The seat, as mounted in the vehicle, shall be firmly secured to the test
bench with the attachment parts provided by the manufacturer, so as to
remain stationary when the impact is applied.
1.1.2. The seat-back, if adjustable, shall be locked in the position specified in
Paragraph1.1 of Appendix 1.
1.1.3. If the seat is fitted with a head restraint, the head restraint shall be
mounted on the seat-back as in the vehicle. Where the head restraint is
separate, it shall be secured to the part of the vehicle structure to which
it is normally attached.
1.1.4. If the head restraint is adjustable it shall be placed in the most unfa-
vourable position the adjustment device permits.
1.2. Test apparatus1.2.1. This apparatus consists of a pendulum whose pivot is supported by ball-
bearings and whose reduced mass(
1) at its centre of percussion is 6,8 kg.
The lower extremity of the pendulum consists of a rigid headform
165 mm in diameter whose centre is identical with the centre of percus-
sion of the pendulum.
1.2.2. The headform shall be fitted with two accelerometers and a speed-
measuring device, all capable of measuring values in the direction of
impact.
1.3. Recording instruments
The recording instruments used shall be such that measurements can be
made withth e following degrees of accuracy:
1.3.1. Acceleration
accuracy: ± 5 % of the actual valuefrequency class of data channel: class 600 corresponding to ISO stan-
dard 6487 (1987);
cross-axis sensitivity: ≤5 % of the lowest point on the scale.
1.3.2. Speed
accuracy: ± 2,5 % of the real value;sensitivity: 0,5 km/h
1.3.3. Time recording
the instrumentation shall enable the action to be recorded throughout its
duration and readings to be made within one-thousandth of a second;
the beginning of the impact at the moment of first contact between the
headform and the item being tested shall be detected on the recordings
used for analysing the test.
1.4. Test procedure1.4.1. Tests on the seat back
With the seat installed as indicated in Paragraph 1.1 of this Appendix,
the direction of impact from the rear towards the front shall be situated
in a longitudinal plane at an angle of 45º from the vertical.
The impact points shall be selected by the test laboratory in Area 1 as
defined in Paragraph8.1.2 of Appendix 1, or if necessary in Area 2 as
defined in Paragraph8.1.2 of Appendix 1, on surfaces exh ibiting radii
of curvature less than 5 mm.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 24
(1) The relationship of the reduced mass ‘mr’ of the pendulum to the total mass ‘m’ of the
pendulum at a distance ‘a’ between the centre of percussion and the axis of rotation andat a distance ‘l’ between the centre of gravity and the axis of rotation is given by the
formula: m
r= m. 1/a.
▼M2
1.4.2. Tests on the head restraint
The head restraint shall be fitted and adjusted as indicated in Paragraph
1.1 of this Appendix. Impacts shall be performed on points selected by
the test laboratory in Area 1 as defined in Paragraph 8.1.1 of Appendix
1, and possibly in Area 2 as defined in Paragraph8.1.2 of Appendix 1,
on surfaces exhibiting radii of curvature less than 5 mm.
1.4.2.1. For the rear face, the direction of impact from the rear towards the front
shall be in a longitudinal plane at an angle of 45º from the vertical.
1.4.2.2. For the front face, the direction of impact from the front towards the
rear shall be horizontal in a longitudinal plane.
1.4.2.3. The front and rear zones are respectively bounded by the horizontal
plane tangential to the top of the head restraint as determined in Para-
graph5 of Appendix 1.
1.4.3. The headform shall strike the test item at a speed of 24,1 km/h; this
speed shall be achieved either by the mere energy of propulsion or by
using an additional impelling device.
2.Results
The deceleration rate shall be taken as the average of the readings on
the two decelerometers.
3.Equivalentprocedures
(see Paragraph9 of Appendix 1 of th is Annex).1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 25
▼M2
Appendix 3
Method for testing the strength of seat anchorages and their adjustment,
lockinganddisplacementsystems
1.Testofresistancetoinertiaeffects
1.1. The seats to be tested shall be mounted on the vehicle body for which
they are designed. This vehicle body shall be firmly anchored on a test
trolley as prescribed in the following paragraphs.
1.2. The method used for anchoring the vehicle body on the test trolley shall
not result in a reinforcement of the seat anchorages.
1.3. The seats and their parts shall be adjusted and locked as prescribed in
Paragraph1.1 and in one of th e positions described in Paragraph3.3 or
3.4 or Appendix 1 of this Annex.
1.4. If the seats of a group do not present essential differences in the sense of
Paragraph 2.2 of this Annex, the tests prescribed in Paragraphs 3.1 and
3.2 of Appendix 1 may be carried out withone seat adjusted to its fore-
most position and the other set adjusted to its rearmost position.
1.5. The trolley deceleration is measured with data channels of frequency
class (CFC) 60 corresponding to the characteristics of international Stan-
dard ISO 6487 (1980).
2.Collisiontestofthecomplete vehicle againstarigidbarrier
2.1. The barrier shall consist of a block of reinforced concrete of not less than
3 m width, not less than 1.5 m in height and not less than 0.6 m in thick-
ness. The front face shall be perpendicular to the final part of the run-up
track and shall be covered with plywood boards 19 ± 1 mm thick. At
least 90 tonnes of earth shall be compressed behind the block of rein-
forced concrete. The barrier of reinforced concrete and earth may be
replaced by obstacles having the same front surface, provided, that they
give equivalent results.
2.2. At the moment of impact the vehicle shall run free. It shall reach the
obstacle on a course perpendicular to the collision wall; the maximum
lateral misalignment allowed between the vertical median line of the front
of the vehicle and the vertical median line of the collision wall shall
be ± 30 cm; at the moment of impact the vehicle shall no longer be
subjected to the action of any additional steering or propelling device.
The speed on impact shall be between 48.3 km/h and 53.1 km/h.
2.3. The fuel feed system shall be filled with water to a mass equal to 90 %
of a full tank as specified by the manufacturer.
2.3.1. All other systems (brake, cooling, etc.) may be empty; in this case the
mass of the liquids shall be offset.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 26
▼M2
Figure 1a
1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 27
▼M2
Figure 1b
1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 28
▼M2
Figure 2
1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 29
▼M2
Figure 3
DeterminationofDimension‘a’ofHeadRestraintGaps
Example of Horizontal Gaps
Note:Section A-A is to be made in a point of the gap area which allows the maximum sphere intru-
sion without exerting any load.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 30
▼M2
Example of Vertical Gaps
Note:Section A-A is to be made in a point of the gap area which allows the maximum sphere intru-
sion without exerting any load.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 31
▼M2
ANNEX III
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN VEHI-
CLESINCATEGORIESM2ANDM3
1.Scope
1.1. This Annex applies to seats in vehicles in categories M2and M3, except
vehicles in these categories which are designed for both urban use and
standing passengers, in respect of:
1.1.1. Every passenger seat intended to be installed facing forwards;1.1.2. The seat anchorages provided in the vehicle and intended to be fitted
with the seats indicated in Paragraph 1.1 or any other type of seat likely
to be fitted on these anchorages.
1.2. M
2vehicles may be approved to Annex II as an alternative to this
Annex.
1.3. Vehicles where some seats benefit from the derogation provided in Item
5.5.4 of Annex I to Directive 76/115/EEC shall be approved to this
Annex.
1.4. The tests described in this Annex may also be applied to other vehicle
parts (including rear facing seats), as referred to in Paragraph3.1.10 of
Annex I to Directive 77/541/EEC and Paragraph4.3.7 of Annex I to
Directive 76/115/EEC.
2.Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:
2.1. ‘Approval of a seat’ means an approval of a seat type as a component
in relation to the protection of the occupants of forward-facing seats
with regard to their strength and the design of the seat backs;
2.2. ‘Approval of a vehicle’ means an approval of a vehicle type with
regard to the strength of the parts of the vehicle structure to which seats
are to be secured, and withregard to th e installation of seats;
2.3. ‘Seat type’ means seats which do not differ essentially with respect to
the following characteristics likely to affect their strength and their
aggressiveness:
2.3.1. Structure, shape, dimensions and materials of the load bearing parts;2.3.2. Types and dimensions of the seat back adjustment and locking system;
2.3.3. Dimensions, structure and materials of the attachments and supports (e.
g. legs);
2.4. ‘Vehicle type’ means vehicles which do not differ essentially in respect
of:
— the constructional features relevant to this Directive; and,
— the type or types of EC component type approved seat(s) fitted to
the vehicle, if any.
2.5. ‘Seat’ means a structure likely to be anchored to the vehicle structure,
including its trim and attachment fittings, intended to be used in a
vehicle, and to seat one or more adult persons;
2.6. ‘Individual seat’ means a seat designed and constructed for the accom-
modation of one seated passenger;
2.7. ‘Double seat’ means a seat designed and constructed for the accommo-
dation of two seated passengers side by side; two seats side by side and
having no interconnection shall be regarded as two individual seats;
2.8. ‘Row of seats’ means a seat designed and constructed for the accommo-
dation of three or more seated passengers side by side; several
individual or double seats arranged side by side shall not be regarded
as a row of seats;
2.9. ‘Seat cushion’ means the part of the seat which is arranged almost hori-
zontally and designed to support a seated passenger;
2.10. ‘Seat-back’ means the part of the seat that is almost vertical, designed
to support the passenger's back, shoulders and, possibly, his head;1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 32
▼M2
2.11. ‘Adjustment system’ means the device by which the seat or its parts can
be adjusted to a position suited to the seated occupant;
2.12. ‘Displacement system’ means a device enabling the angle of the seat or
one of its parts to be displaced laterally or longitudinally without a
fixed intermediate position of the seat or one of its parts, to facilitate
access by passengers;
2.13. ‘Locking system’ means a device ensuring that the seat and its parts are
maintained in the position of use;
2.14. ‘Anchorage’ means a part of the floor or of the body of a vehicle to
which a seat may be fixed;
2.15. ‘Attachment fittings’ means bolts or other components used to attach
the seat to the vehicle;
2.16. ‘Trolley’ means the test equipment made and used for dynamic repro-
duction of road accidents involving frontal collision;
2.17. ‘Auxiliary seat’ means a seat for the manikin mounted on the trolley to
the rear of the seat to be tested. This seat shall be representative of the
seat to be used in the vehicle behind the seat to be tested;
2.18. ‘Reference plane’ means the plane passing through the points of contact
of the heels of the manikin, used for the determination of the H-point
and the actual angle of torso for the seating position of motor vehicles;
2.19. ‘Reference height’ means the height of the top of the seat above the
reference plane;
2.20. ‘Manikin’, a manikin corresponding to the specifications for Hybrid II
or III(1).
2.21. ‘Reference zone’ means the space between two vertical longitudinal
planes, 400 mm apart and symmetrical withrespect to th e H-point,
and defined by rotation of the apparatus, described in Annex II of
Directive 74/60/EEC, from vertical to horizontal. The apparatus shall
be positioned as described in that Annex and set to the maximum
lengthof 840 mm.
2.22. ‘Three-point belt’ for the purposes of this Directive also includes belts
with more than three anchorage points.
2.23. ‘Seat pitch’ means the horizontal distance between successive seats
measured from the front of the seat back on one to the rear of the seat
back of the seat in front, at a height of 620 mm above the floor.
3.Requirementsforseats
3.1. Each type of seat shall be subject to the test requirements of either
Appendix 1 (dynamic test) or Appendices 5 and 6 (static test) at the
request of the manufacturer.
3.2. The tests which the seat type has passed shall be recorded in the
Addendum to the Approval Certificate (Appendix 4 of Annex 1).
3.3. Every adjustment and displacement system provided shall incorporate a
locking system, which shall operate automatically.
3.4. The adjustment and locking systems shall not be required to be in full
working order after the test.
3.5. A head restraint shall be mounted on every outboard front seat in every
vehicle of category M2witha maximum mass not exceeding 3 500 kg;
head restraints mounted in such vehicles shall comply with the require-
ments of this Annex or Directive 78/932/EEC.
4.Requirementsforseatanchoragesofavehicle type
4.1. The anchorages for the seats on the vehicle shall be capable of with-
standing:
4.1.1. either the test described in Appendix 2;1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 33
(1) The technical specifications and detailed drawings of Hybrid II and III, corresponding
to the principal dimensions of a fiftieth percentile male of the United States ofAmerica, and the specifications for its adjustment for this test are deposited with theSecretary-General of the United Nations and may be consulted on request at the secre-tariat of the Economic Commission for Europe, Palais des Nations, Geneva,
Switzerland.
▼M2
4.1.2. or, if a seat is mounted on the part of the vehicle structure being tested,
the tests prescribed in Appendix 1. The seat need not be an approved
seat provided that it satisfies the requirements of Paragraph 3.2.1 of
the above mentioned Appendix.
4.2. Permanent deformation, including breakage, of an anchorage or the
surrounding area shall be permissible provided the prescribed force has
been sustained throughout the prescribed period.
4.3. When there is more than one type of anchorage on a vehicle, each
variant shall be tested in order to obtain approval for the vehicle.
4.4. One test may be used to approve simultaneously a seat and a vehicle.
4.5. ►C1In the case of vehicles of category M3, seat anchorages shall be
deemed to comply with the requirements of Paragraphs 4.1 and 4.2 if
the safety belt anchorages of the corresponding seating positions are
fitted directly to the seats to be installed and these belt anchorages
comply withth e requirements of Directive 76/115/EEC, if necessary
with the derogation provided in Item 5.5.4 of Annex I thereof. ◄
5.Requirementsforinstallationofseatsinavehicletype
5.1. All forward-facing seats installed shall be approved to the requirements
of Paragraph 3 of this Annex and subject to the following conditions:
5.1.1. the seat shall have a reference height of at least 1 m; and
5.1.2. the H-point of the seat immediately behind shall be less than 72 mm
higher than the H-point of the seat in question or, if the seat behind is
more than 72 mm higher, the seat shall be tested and approved for
installation in sucha position.
5.2. When approved to Appendix 1, Tests 1 and 2 shall apply except as
follows:
5.2.1. ►C1Test 1 shall not apply where the rear of the seat cannot be struck
by an unrestrained passenger (i.e. there is no forward-facing seat
directly behind the seat to be tested) ◄.
5.2.2. Test 2 shall not apply
5.2.2.1. if the rear of the seat cannot be struck by a restrained passenger; or5.2.2.2. if the seat behind is fitted with a three-point belt with anchorages that
comply fully withDirective 76/115/EEC (with out derogation); or
5.2.2.3. if the seat fulfils the requirements of Appendix 6 of this Annex.
5.3. When approved to Appendices 5 and 6, all tests shall apply except as
follows:
5.3.1. The test of Appendix 5 shall not apply if the rear of the seat cannot be
struck by an unrestrained passenger (i. e. there is no forward-facing seat
directly behind the seat to be tested).
5.3.2. The test of Appendix 6 shall not apply
5.3.2.1. if the rear of the seat cannot be struck by a restrained passenger; or5.3.2.2. if the seat behind is fitted with a three-point belt with anchorages that
comply fully withDirective 76/115/EEC (with out derogation).1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 34
▼M2
Appendix 1
test procedures for seats according to Paragraph 3 and/or anchorages
accordingtoparagraph4.1.2
1.Requirements
1.1. The tests are to determine:1.1.1. If the seat occupant(s) is (are) correctly retained by the seat(s) in front
of him (them) and/or by the use of a safety belt.
1.1.1.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if the forward move-
ment of any part of the trunk and the head of the manikin does not
pass beyond the transversal vertical plane situated at 1.6 m from the
R point of the auxiliary seat;
1.1.2. If the seat occupant(s) is (are) not seriously injured.
1.1.2.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if the following biome-
chanical acceptability criteria for the instrumented manikin,
determined in accordance withAppendix 4, are met; th at is:
1.1.2.1.1. the head acceptability criterion HAC is less than 500;1.1.2.1.2. the thorax acceptability criterion (ThAC) is less than 30 g except for
periods totalling less than 3 ms (g = 9,81 m/s
2);
1.1.2.1.3. the femur acceptability criterion (FAC) is less than 10 kN and the
value of 8 kN is not exceeded for periods totalling more than 20 ms.
1.1.3. The seat and the seat mountings are strong enough. This requirement
shall be considered satisfied if:
1.1.3.1. no part of the seat, the seat mountings or the accessories becomes
completely detached during the test;
1.1.3.2. the seat remains firmly held, even if one or more anchorages is partly
detached, and all the locking systems remain locked during the whole
duration of the test;
1.1.3.3. after the test no structural part of the seat or accessories has any frac-
ture or sharp or pointed edges or corners likely to cause any bodily
injury.
1.2. All fittings forming part of the back of the seat or accessories thereto
shall be such as to be unlikely to cause any bodily injury to a
passenger during impact. This requirement shall be considered satis-
fied if any part contactable by a sphere 165 mm in diameter presents
a radius of curvature of at least 5 mm.
1.2.1. If any part of the fittings and accessories referred to above is made of
a material of hardness less than 50 shore A on a rigid backing, the
requirements set out in paragraph 3.3 shall apply only to the rigid
backing.
1.2.2. The parts of the back of the seat such as adjustment devices for the
seat and accessories shall not be subject to any requirements of para-
graph 3.3 if in the position of rest they are situated below a horizontal
plane 400 mm above the reference plane, even if the occupant might
enter into contact withth em.
2.Preparationoftheseattobetested
2.1. The seat to be tested shall be mounted:
2.1.1. either on a testing platform representative of the body of a vehicle,2.1.2. or on a rigid testing platform.2.2. The anchorage on the testing platform provided for the test seat(s)
shall be identical to or have the same characteristics as that used in
vehicle(s) in which the seat is intended to be used.
2.3. The seat to be tested shall be complete with all upholstery and acces-
sories. If the seat is fitted with a table, it shall be in the stowed
position.
2.4. If adjustable laterally, the seat shall be positoned for maximum exten-
sion.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 35
▼M2
2.5. If adjustable, the seat back shall be adjusted so that the resulting incli-
nation of the torso of the manikin used for determing the H-point and
the actual torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicles is as
close as possible to that recommended by the manufacturer for normal
use or, in the absence of any particualar recommendation by the
manufacturer, as near as possible to 25º towards the rear in relation
to the vertical.
2.6. If the seat back is equipped with a head restraint adjustable for height,
it shall be in its lowest position.
2.7. Seat belts of an approved type, conforming to Directive 77/541/EEC
and mounted on anchorages installed according to Directive 76/115/
EEC shall be fitted to both the auxiliary seat and the seat to be tested.
3.Dynamictests
3.0. Test 13.1. The testing platform shall be mounted on a trolley.3.2. Auxiliary seat
The auxiliary seat may be the same type as the seat being tested and
shall be located parallel to and directly behind the seat being tested,
the two seats being at the same height, adjusted identically and on a
pitchof 750 mm.
3.2.1. If an auxiliary seat of a different type is used this shall be mentioned
in the Addendum to the type-approval certificate (Appendix 4 to
Annex I).
3.3. Manikin
A manikin shall be installed behind each seating position of the seat
to be tested as follows:
3.3.1. The manikin shall be placed unrestrained on the auxiliary seat so that
its plane of symmetry corresponds to the plane of symmetry of the
seating position in question.
3.3.2. The manikin's hands shall rest on their thighs with their elbows
touching the seat back; the legs shall be extended to the maximum
and shall, if possible, be parallel; the heels shall touch the floor.
3.3.3. Eachmanikin required sh all be installed on a seat in accordance with
the following procedure:
3.3.3.1. the manikin shall be placed on the seat as close as possible to the
desired position.
3.3.3.2. a flat rigid surface 76 mm × 76 mm in area shall be placed as low as
possible against the front of the manikin's torso.
3.3.3.3. the flat surface shall be pressed horizontally against the manikin's
torso at a load of between 25 and 35 daN:
3.3.3.3.1. the torso shall be drawn forward by the shoulders to the vertical posi-
tion, then laid back against the seat back. This operation shall be
performed twice;
3.3.3.3.2. without the torso moving, the head shall be placed in a position such
that the platform supporting the measuring instruments contained in
the head is horizontal and that the median sagittal plan of the head
is parallel to that of the vehicle.
3.3.3.4. the flat surfaced be carefully removed,3.3.3.5. the manikin shall be moved forward on the seat and the installation
procedure described above repeated,
3.3.3.6. if necessary, the position of the lower members shall be corrected,
3.3.3.7. the measuring instruments installed shall not in any way affect the
movement of the manikin during impact,
3.3.3.8. the temperature of the system of measuring instruments shall be stabi-
lised before the test and maintained so far as possible within a range
between 19 and 26 ºC.
3.4. Impact simulation3.4.1. The impact speed of the trolley shall be between 30 and 32 km/h.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 36
▼M2
3.4.2. The deceleration of the trolley during the impact test shall be in
accordance with the provisions shown in Figure 1 below. Except for
intervals totalling less than 3 ms, the deceleration time history of the
trolley shall remain between the limit curves shown in Figure 1.
3.4.3. Furthermore, the average deceleration shall be comprised between 6,5
and 8,5 g.
3.5. Test 23.5.1. Test 1 shall be repeated with a manikin seated in the auxiliary seat;
the manikin shall be restrained by as safety belt fitted and adjusted
in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The number of
seat belt anchorage points for the purpose of Test 2 shall be recorded
in the addendum to the type-approval certificate for the seat
(Appendix 4 of Annex 1 refers).
3.5.2. The auxiliary seat shall be either of the same type as the seat being
tested or of a different type, the details of which shall be recorded in
the Addendum to the Type-Approval Certificate (Appendix 4 of
Annex I).
3.5.3. Test 2 may also be applied to vehicle parts other than a seat, as
referred to Paragraph3.1.10 of Directive 77/541/EEC and Paragraph
4.3.7 of Directive 76/115/EEC.
3.5.4. In the case where Test 2 is conducted with the manikin restrained by
a 3-point belt and the injury criteria are not exceeded, the auxiliary
seat shall be considered to have met the requirements relating to the
static test loads and movement of the upper anchorage during the test
specified in Directive 76/115/EEC withregard to th is installation.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 37
▼M2
Figure 1
1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 38
▼M2
Appendix 2
Testprocedure for the anchoragesof a vehicle in applicationof Paragraph
4.1.1
1.Testapparatus
1.1. A rigid structure sufficiently representative of the seat intended for use on
the vehicle is fixed by the means of fixation (bolts, screws, ect.) provided
by the manufacturer.
1.2. If several seat types differing from one another in respect of the distance
between the front and back ends of their feet can be mounted on the sameanchorage, the test shall be carried out with the shortest footing. This
footing shall be described on the type-approval certificate.
2.Testprocedure
2.1. A force F shall be applied:
2.1.1. at a height of 750 mm above the reference plane and on the vertical line
containing the geometrical centre of the surface bounded by the polygon
having the different anchorage points as apexes or, if applicable, the
extreme anchorages of the seat, by the rigid structure as defined in Para-
graph1.1,
2.1.2. in the horizontal direction and directed to the front of the vehicle,2.1.3. in a delay as short as possible and for a duration of at least 0.2 s.
2.2. The force F shall be determined either
2.2.1. by the following formula: F = (5000 ± 50) × i
where: F is given in N and i represents the number of seating positions of
the seat for which the anchorages to be tested are to be approved; or, if
requested by the manufacturer,
2.2.2. in accordance withth e representative loads measured during dynamic
tests as described in Appendix 1.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 39
▼M2
Appendix 3
Measurementstobemade
1. All measurements necessary shall be made with measurement systems
corresponding to the specifications of International Standard ISO 6487
entitled ‘Technique of measurement in impact tests: Instrumentation’
and published in 1987.
2.Dynamictest
2.1. Measurements to be made on the trolley
The characteristics of the deceleration of the trolley shall be measured,
from the accelerations measured on the rigid frame of the trolley, with
measurement systems witha CFC of 60.
2.2. Measurements to be made on manikins
The readings of the measuring devices shall be recorded through indepen-
dent data channels of the following CFC:
2.2.1. Measurements in the head of the manikin
The resultant triaxial acceleration referring to the centre of gravity ( γr)(1)
shall be measured with a CFC of 600.
2.2.2. Measurements in the thorax of the manikin
The resultant acceleration at the centre of gravity shall be measured with
a CFC of 180.
2.2.3. Measurements in the femur of the manikin
The axial compression force shall be measured with a CFC of 600.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 40
(1) Expressed in g (= 9,81 m/sec2) the scalar value of which is calculated according to the
following formula:
γr2=γl2+γv2+γt2
where: γl= value of instant longitudinal acceleration,
γv= value of instant vertical acceleration,
γt= value of instant transversal acceleration.
▼M2
Appendix 4
Determinationofacceptabilitycriteria
1.Headacceptabilitycriterion (HAC)
1.1. This acceptability criterion (HAC) is calculated on the basis of the resultant
triaxial acceleration measured according to Appendix 3, Paragraph2.2.1 by
the following expression:
in which t1and t2are any values of time during the test, HAC being
maximum value for and interval t1and t2. The value of t1and t2are
expressed in seconds.
2.Thoraxacceptabilitycriterion (ThAC)
2.1. This criterion is determined by the absolute value of the resultant accelera-
tion, expressed in g and measured according to Appendix 3, Paragraph2.2.2, and by the acceleration period, expressed in ms.
3.Femuracceptability criterion (FAC)
This criterion is determined by the compression load expressed in kN,
transmitted axially on eachfemur of th e manikin and measured according
to Appendix 3, Paragraph 2.2.3, and by the duration of the compression
load, expressed in ms.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 41
HAC ¼t2/C0t1 ðÞ1
t2/C0t1∫t1
t2γrdt/C20 /C212;5
▼M2
Appendix 5
Statistictestrequirementsandprocedure
1.Requirements
1.1. The requirements for seats tested according to this Appendix are to
determine:
1.1.1. If the seat occupants are correctly retained by the seats in front of them;
1.1.2. If the seat occupants are not seriously injured; and
1.1.3 If the seat and the seat mountings are strong enough.1.2. The requirements of Paragraph 1.1.1 shall be considered satisfied if the
maximum displacement of the central point of application of each force
prescribed in Paragraph 2.2.1 measured in the horizontal plane and in
the longitudinal median plane of the relevant seating position does not
exceed 400 mm.
1.3. The requirements of Paragraph 1.1.2 shall be considered satisfied if the
following characteristics are met:
1.3.1. The maximum displacement of the central point of application of each
of the forces prescribed in paragraph 2.2.1, measured as described inParagraph1.2, is not less th an 100 mm.
1.3.2. The maximum displacement of the central point of application of each
of the forces prescribed in Paragraph 2.2.2, measured as described inParagraph1.2, is not less th an 50 mm.
1.3.3. All fittings forming part of the back of the seat of accessories thereto
shall be such as to be unlikely to cause any bodily injury to a passenger
during impact. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if any part
contactable by a sphere 165 mm in diameter presents a radius of curva-
ture of at least 5 mm.
1.3.4. If any part of the fittings and accessories referred to above is made of a
material of hardness less than 50 shore A on a rigid backing, therequirements set out in Paragraph 1.3.3 shall apply only to the rigid
backing.
1.3.5. The parts of the back of the seat such as adjustment devices for the seat
and accessories shall not be subject to any requirements of Paragraph
1.3.3 if in the position of rest they are situated below a horizontal plane
400 mm above the reference plane, even if the occupant might enter
into contact withth em.
1.4. The requirements of Paragraphs 1.1.3 shall be considered satisfied if:
1.4.1. No part of the seat, the seat mountings or the accessories becomes
completely detached during the test;
1.4.2. The seat remains firmly held, even if one or more anchorages is partly
detached, and all the locking systems remain locked during the whole
duration of the test;
1.4.3. After the test no structural part of the seat or accessories has any frac-
ture or sharp or pointed edges or corners likely to cause any bodily
injury.
2.Statictests
2.1.Test apparatus
2.1.1. This consists of cylindrical surfaces with a radius of curvatur equal to
82 (± 3 mm) and a width:
2.1.1.1. at least equal to the width of the seat-back of each seating position of
the seat to be tested for the upper form,
2.1.1.2.equalto320(-0+10mm)forthelowerformasshowninFigure1
of this Appendix.
2.1.2. The surface resting against the parts of the seat shall be made of a
material the hardness of which is not less than 80 Shore A.
2.1.3. Eachcylindrical surface sh all be equipped withat least one force trans-
ducer able to measure the forces applied in the direction defined in
Paragraph2.2.1.1.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 42
▼M2
2.2.Test procedure
2.2.1. A test force to
1000
H1±5 0N
shall be applied using a device, conforming to Paragraph 2.1, to the rear
part of the seat corresponding to each seating position of the seat.
2.2.1.1. The direction of application of the force shall be situated in the vertical
median plane of the seating position concerned; it shall be horizontaland from the rear towards the front of the seat.
2.2.1.2. This direction shall be situated at the height H
1which shall be between
0,70 m and 0,80 m and above the reference plane. The exact height
shall be determined by the manufacturer.
2.2.2. A test force equal to
2000
H2± 100 N
shall be applied simultaneously to the rear part of the seat corre-
sponding to each seating position of the seat in the same vertifical
plane and in the same direction at the height H2which shall be between
0,45 and 0,55 m above the reference plane, with a device confirming to
Paragraph 2.1. The exact height shall be determined by the manufac-
turer.
2.2.3. The test forms shall be maintained as far as possible in contact with the
rear of the seat during the application of the forces specified in Para-
graphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2. They shall be able to pivot in a horizontal plane.
2.2.4. Where a seat consists of more than one seating position the forces
corresponding to eachseating position sh all be applied simultaneoulsy
and there shall be as many upper and lower forms as seating positions.
2.2.5. The initial position of each seating position of each of the forms shall
be determined by bringing the test devices into contact with the seat
witha force equal to at least 20 N.
2.2.6. The forces indicated in Paragraph 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 shall be applied as
rapidly as possible and shall be maintained together at the specified
value, whatever the deformation, for at least 0,2 seconds.
2.2.7. If the test has been carried out with one or more forces but not with all
the forces greater than those specified in Paragraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 and
if the seat complies with the requirements, the test shall be considered
to be satisfied.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 43
▼M2
Figure 1
1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 44
▼M2
Appendix 6
Energyabsorptioncharacteristicsoftherearpartofseatbacksforvehicles
incategories M2andM3
1.►C1Elements of the rear part of seat backs situated in the reference zone,
as defined in Paragraph 2.21 of this Annex, shall be verified at the request of
the manufacturer according to the energy absorbing requirements set out in
Annex III of Directive 74/60/EEC. For this purpose, all accessories fitted
shall be tested in all positions of use, except tables which shall be consideredin the stowed position. ◄
2. This test shall be referred to in the Addendum to the Approval Certificate of
the seat (Appendix 4 of Annex 1). A drawing showing the area of the rear
part of the seat back, verified by the energy dissipation test, shall be
enclosed.
3. This test may be applied to parts of a vehicle other than a seat (Paragraph
3.5.3 of Appendix 1).1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 45
▼M2
ANNEX IV
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEHICLES NOT COVERED BY
ANNEXESIIANDIII
1.General
1.1. The requirements set out in this Annex apply to vehicles in categories N1,
N2or N3and those in categories M2and M3not covered by Annex III.
2.General specifications
2.1. Seats and bench seats must be firmly attached to the vehicle.
2.2. Sliding seats and benchseats must be automatically lockable in all th e
positions provided.
2.3. Adjustable seat backs must be lockable in all the positions provided.
2.4. All seats which can be tipped forward or have fold-on backs must lock
automatically in the normal position.
2.5. A head restraint shall be mounted on every outboard front seat in every
vehicle of category M2witha maximum mass not exceeding 3 500 kg and
of category N1; head restraints mounted in such vehicles shall comply with
the requirements of Annex II or of Directive 78/932/EEC.1974L0408 — EN — 14.08.1996 — 002.001 — 46