1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 95/45/EC
of 26 July 1995
laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in foodstuffs
(Text with EEA relevance)
(OJ L 226, 22.9.1995, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1 Commission Directive 1999/75/EC of 22 July 1999 L 206 19 5.8.1999
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 2
▼B
COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 95/45/EC
of 26 July 1995
laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in
foodstuffs
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Council Directive 89/107/EEC of 21 December 1988
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foodadditives authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consump-tion (
1), as lastamended by Direct ive 94/34/EC (2), and in particular
Article 3 (3) (a) thereof,
After consulting the Scientific Committee for Food,Whereas it is necessary to establish purity criteria for all colours
mentioned in European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC of30 June 1994 on colours for use in foodstuffs (
3);
Whereas it is necessary to revise the purity criteria for colours
mentioned in the Council Directive of 23 October 1962 on the approx-imation of the rules of the Member States concerning the colouringmatters authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consump-tion (
4), as lastamended by Direct ive 85/7/EEC (5);
Whereas it is necessary to take into account the specifications and
analytical techniques for colours as set out in the Codex Alimentariusand the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA);
Whereas food additives, prepared by production methods or starting
materials significantly different from those included in the evaluation ofthe Scientific Committee for Food, or different from those mentioned inthis Directive, shall be submitted for evaluation by the ScientificCommittee for Food for the purposes of a full evaluation with emphasison the purity criteria;
Whereas the measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance
with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Foodstuffs,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
The purity criteria referred to in Article 3 (3) (a) of Directive 89/
107/EEC for colours mentioned in Directive 94/36/EC are set out in theAnnex hereto.
Article 8 and Annex III to the Directive of 23 October 1962 are hereby
deleted.
Article 2
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive notlater than 1 July 1996. They shall immediately inform the Commissionthereof.
(1) OJ No L 40, 11. 2. 1989, p. 27.
(2) OJ No L 237, 10. 9. 1994, p. 1.
(3) OJ No L 237, 10. 9. 1994, p. 13.
(4) OJ No 115, 11. 11. 1962, p. 2645/62.
(5) OJ No L 2, 3. 1. 1985, p. 22.
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 3
▼B
When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a refer-ence to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at thetime of their official publication. The procedure for such reference shallbe adopted by Member States.
2. Products put on the market or labelled before 1 July 1996 which
do not comply with this Directive may, however, be marketed untilstocks are exhausted.
Article 3
This Directive shall enter into force on the third day following that of
its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities .
Article 4
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 4
▼B
ANNEX
A.General specifications for aluminium lakes of colours
Definition: Aluminium lakes are prepared by reacting colours
complying with the purity criteria set out in the appro-priate specification monograph with alumina underaqueous conditions. The alumina is usually freshlyprepared undried material made by reacting aluminiumsulfate or chloride with sodium or calcium carbonate orbicarbonate or ammonia. Following lake formation, theproduct is filtered, washed with water and dried.Unreacted alumina may also be present in the finishedproduct.
HCI insoluble matter Not more than 0,5 %
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % (under neutral conditions)
Specific purity criteria for the corresponding colours areapplicable.
B.SPECIFIC CRITERIA OF PURITY
E 100 CURCUMIN
Synonyms CI Natural Yellow 3, Turmeric Yellow, Diferoyl
Methane
Definition Curcumin is obtained by solvent extraction of turmeric
i.e. the ground rhizomes of natural strains of Curcuma
longa L. In order to obtain a concentrated curcumin
powder, the extract is purified by crystallization. Theproduct consists essentially of curcumins; i.e. thecolouring principle(1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dione) and its two desmethoxy derivatives in varyingproportions. Minor amounts of oils and resins naturallyoccuring in turmeric may be present.
Only the following solvents may be used in the extrac-tion: ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide, dichlorome-thane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane.
Class Dicinnamoylmethane
Colour Index No 75300
Einecs 207-280-5
Chemical names I 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-
diene-3,5-dione
II 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-
phenyl-)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
III 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
Chemical formula I C21H20O6
II C20H18O5
III C19H16O4
Molecular weightI. 368,39 II. 338,39 III. 308,39
Assay Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters
E1%
1c m 1 607 atca 426 nm in et hanol
Description Orange-yellow crystalline powder
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in ethanol at ca 426 nm
B. Melting Range 179 °C—182 °C
Purity
Solvent residues Ethylacetate
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 5
▼B
Acetone
n-butanol Notmore t han 50 mg/kg, singly
Methanol or in combination
Ethanol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 101 (i) RIBOFLAVIN
Synonyms Lactoflavin
Class Isoalloxazine
Einecs 201-507-1
Chemical names 7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-
pentyl)benzo(g)pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
7,8-dimethyl-10-(1 /prime1-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine
Chemical formula C17H20N4O6
Molecular weight376,37
Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis
E1%
1c m 328 atca 444 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Yellow to orange-yellow crystalline powder, with slight
odour
Identification
A. Spectrometry The ratio A375/A267is between
0,31 and 0,33
The ratio A444/A267is between
0,36 and 0,39in aqueous solution
Maximum in water at ca 375 nm
B. Specific rotation [ α]20 %
Dc mbetween -115 °and -140 °in a 0,05 N
sodium hydroxide solution
Purity
Loss on drying Not more than 1,5 % after drying at 105 °C for 4 hrs
Sulfated ash Not more than 0,1 %
Primary aromatic amines Not more than 100 mg/kg (calculated as aniline)
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 101 (ii) RIBOFLAVIN-5 /prime1-PHOSPHATE
Synonyms Riboflavin-5 /prime1-phosphate sodium
Definition These specifications apply to riboflavin 5 /prime1-phosphate
together with minor amounts of free riboflavin and ribo-
flavin diphosphate
Class Isoalloxazine
Einecs 204-988-6
Chemical names Monosodium
(2R,3R,4S)-5-(3 /prime1)10/prime1-dihydro-7 /prime1,8/prime1-dimethyl-2 /prime1,4/prime1-dioxo-
10/prime1-benzo[ γ]pteridinyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl phos-
phate;
monosodium saltof 5 /prime1-monophosphate ester of ribo-
flavin
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 6
▼B
Chemical formula For the dihydrate form: C17H20N4NaO9P.2H2O
For the anhydrous form: C17H20N4NaO9P
Molecular weight541,36
Assay Content not less than 95 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as C17H20N4NaO9P.2H2O
E1%
1c m 250 atca 375 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Yellow to orange crystalline hygroscopic powder, with
slight odour and a bitter taste
Identification
A. Spectrometry The ratio A375/A267is between
0,30 and 0,34
The ratio A444/A267is between
0,35 and 0,40in aqueous solution
Maximum in water at ca 375 nm
B. Specific rotation [ α]20 %
Dc mbetween + 38 °and + 42 °in a 5 molar
HCI solution
Purity
Loss on drying Notmore t han 8 % (100 °C, 5 hrs in vacuum over P2O5)
for the dihydrate form
Sulfated ash Not more than 25 %
Inorganic phosphate Not more than 1,0 % (calculated as PO4on the anhy-
drous basis)
Subsidiary colouring matters Riboflavin (free): Not more than 6 %
Riboflavine diphosphate: Not more than 6 %
Primary aromatic amines Not more than 70 mg/kg (calculated as aniline)
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 102 TARTRAZINE
Synonyms CI Food Yellow 4
Definition Tartrazine consists essentially of trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-
(4-sulfonato-phenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate and subsidiary colouring matters togetherwith sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the prin-cipal uncoloured components.
Tartrazine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 19140
Einecs 217-699-5
Chemical names Trisodium-5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-
phenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-
carboxylate
Chemical formula C16H9N4Na3O9S2
Molecular weight534,37
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 530 atca 426 nm in aqueous solut ion
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 7
▼B
Description Lightorange powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 426 nm
B. Yellow solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 1,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-hydrazinobenzene sulfonic acid
4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
5-oxo-1-(4-sulfo-
phenyl)-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylicacidTotal not more than 0,5 %
4,4/prime1-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic
acid)
Tetrahydroxysuccinic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 104 QUINOLINE YELLOW
Synonyms CI Food Yellow 13
Definition Quinoline Yellow is prepared by sulfonating 2-(2-
quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione. Quinoline Yellow consistsessentially of sodium salts of a mixture of disulfonates(principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of theabove compound and subsidiary colouring matterstogether with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate asthe principal uncoloured components.
Quinoline Yellow is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Chinophthalone
Colour Index No 47005
Einecs 305-897-5
Chemical names The disodium salts of the disulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)
indan-1,3-dione (principal component)
Chemical formula C18H9NN a2O8S2(principal component)
Molecular weight477,38 (principal component )
Assay Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as the sodium salt
Quinoline Yellow shall have the following composition:
Of the total colouring matters present:
— notless t han 80 % shall be disodium 2-(2-quinolyl)
indan-1,3-dione-disulfonates
— notmore t han 15 % shall be sodium 2-(2-quinolyl)
indan-1,3-dione-monosulfonates
— not more than 7,0 % shall be trisodium 2-(2-
quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-trisulfonate
E1%
1c m 865 (principal component) at ca 411 nm in
aqueous acetic acid solution
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 8
▼B
Description Yellow powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous acetic acid solution of pH 5 at ca
411 nm
B. Yellow solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 4,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
2-methylquinoline
2-methylquinoline-sulfonic acid
Phthalic acid Total not more than 0,5 %
2,6-dimethyl quinoline
2,6-dimethyl quinoline sulfonic acid
2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione Notmore t han 4 mg/kg
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 110 SUNSET YELLOW FCF
Synonyms CI Food Yellow 3, Orange Yellow S
Definition Sunset Yellow FCF consists essentially of disodium 2-
hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfo-nate and subsidiary colouring matters together withsodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principaluncoloured components.
Sunset Yellow FCF is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 15985
Einecs 220-491-7
Chemical names Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphtha-
lene-6-sulfonate
Chemical formula C16H10N2Na2O7S2
Molecular weight452,37
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 555 atca 485 nm in aqueous solut ion at
pH 7
Description Orange-red powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 485 nm at pH 7
B. Orange solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 5 %
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 9
▼B
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acid
6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic
acidTotal not more than 0,5 %
4,4/prime1-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic
acid)
6,6/prime1-oxydi(naphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid)
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 120 COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, CARMINES
Definition Carmines and carminic acid are obtained from aqueous,
aqueous alcoholic or alcoholic extracts from Cochineal,with consists of the dried bodies of the female insectDactylopius coccus Costa.
The colouring principle is carminic acid.
Aluminium lakes of carminic acid (carmines) can be
formed in which aluminium and carminic acid arethought to be present in the molar ratio 1:2.
In commercial products the colouring principle is
present in association with ammonium, calcium, potas-sium or sodium cations, singly or in combination, andthese cations may also be present in excess.
Commercial products may also contain proteinaceous
material derived from the source insect, and may alsocontain free carminate or a small residue of unboundaluminium cations.
Class Anthraquinone
Colour Index No 75470
Einecs Cochineal: 215-680-6; carminic acid: 215-023-3;
carmines: 215-724-4
Chemical names 7- β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-
9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (carminic acid);
carmine is the hydrated aluminium chelate of this acid
Chemical formula C22H20O13(carminic acid)
Molecular weight492,39 (carminic acid)
Assay Content not less than 2,0 % carminic acid in the extracts
containing carminic acid; not less than 50 % carminic
acid in the chelates.
Description Red to dark red, friable, solid or powder. Cochineal
ext ractis generally a dark red liquid butcan also bedried as a powder.
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at ca 518 nm
Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at ca 494 nm
for carminic acid
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 10
▼B
Purity
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 122 AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE
Synonyms CI Food Red 3
Definition Azorubine consists essentially of disodium 4-hydroxy-3-
(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-1-sulfonate andsubsidiary colouring matters together with sodiumchloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncol-oured components.
Azorubine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 14720
Einecs 222-657-4
Chemical name Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)
naphthalene-1-sulfonate
Chemical formula C20H12N2Na2O7S2
Molecular weight502,44
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 510 atca 516 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Red to maroon powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 516 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 2,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic
acidTotal not more than 0,5 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 123 AMARANTH
Synonyms CI Food Red 9
Definition Amaranth consists essentially of trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-
(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-3,6-disulfonateand subsidiary colouring matters together with sodiumchloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncol-oured components.
Amaranth is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 11
▼B
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 16185
Einecs 213-022-2
Chemical name Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)
naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate
Chemical formula C20H11N2Na3O10S3
Molecular weight604,48
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 440 atca 520 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Reddish-brown powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 520 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 3,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acid
6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid Total not more than 0,5 %
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-
trisulfonic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 124 PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A
Synonyms CI Food Red 7, New Coccine
Definition Ponceau 4R consists essentially of trisodium 2-hydroxy-
1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-6,8-disulfo-nate and subsidiary colouring matters together withsodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principaluncoloured components.
Ponceau 4R is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 16255
Einecs 220-036-2
Chemical name Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)
naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate
Chemical formula C20H11N2Na3O10S3
Molecular weight604,48
Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt.
E1%
1c m 430 atca 505 nm in aqueous solut ion
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 12
▼B
Description Reddish powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 505 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 1,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic
acid
3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acid Total not more than 0,5 %
6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic
acid
7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-
trisulfonic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 127 ERYTHROSINE
Synonyms CI Food Red 14
Definition Erythrosine consists essentially of disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-
tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl) benzoate monohy-drate and subsidiary colouring matters together withwater, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as theprincipal uncoloured components.
Erythrosine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Xanthen
Colour Index No 45430
Einecs 240-474-8
Chemical name Disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-
9-yl)benzoate monohydrate
Chemical formula C20H6I4Na2O5.H2O
Molecular weight897,88
Assay Content not less than 87 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the anhydrous sodium salt
E1%
1c m 1 100 atca 526 nm in aqueous solut ion
atpH 7
Description Red powder or granules.
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 526 nm at pH 7
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Inorganic iodides calculated as sodium
iodideNotmore t han 0,1 %
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters (except
fluorescein)Notmore t han 4,0 %
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 13
▼B
Fluorescein Notmore t han 20 mg/kg
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
Tri-iodoresorcinol Notmore t han 0,2 %
2-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diodobenzoyl)
benzoic acidNotmore t han 0,2 %
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH from 7 through 8, not more than
0,2 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
Aluminium Lakes The hydrochloric acid insoluble matter method is not
applicable. Itis replaced by a sodium hydroxide
insoluble matter, at not more than 0,5 %, for this colouronly
E 128 RED 2G
Synonyms CI Food Red 10, Azogeranine
Definition Red 2G consists essentially of disodium 8-acetamido-1-
hydroxy-2-phenylazonaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate andsubsidiary colouring matters together with sodiumchloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncol-oured components.
Red 2G is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and
the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 18050
Einecs 223-098-9
Chemical name Disodium 8-acetamido-1-hydroxy-2-phenylazo-naphtha-
lene-3,6-disulfonate
Chemical formula C18H13N3Na2O8S2
Molecular weight509,43
Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 620 atca 532 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Red powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 532 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 2,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
5-acetamido-4-hydroxynaphthalene-
2,7-disulfonic acid
5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-
disulfonic acidTotal not more than 0,5 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 14
▼B
E 129 ALLURA RED AC
Synonyms CI Food Red 17
Definition Allura Red AC consists essentially of disodium 2-
hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonato-phenylazo)naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouringmatters together with sodium chloride and/or sodiumsulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
Allura Red AC is described as the sodium salt. Thecalcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 16035
Einecs 247-368-0
Chemical name Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfona-
tophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate
Chemical formula C18H14N2Na2O8S2
Molecular weight496,42
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 540 atca 504 nm in aqueous solut ion at
pH 7
Description Dark red powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 504 nm
B. Red solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 3,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonicacid, sodium saltNotmore t han 0,3 %
4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbene-
zene sulfonic acidNotmore t han 0,2 %
6,6-oxybis (2-naphthalene sulfonic
acid) disodium saltNotmore t han 1,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 131 PATENT BLUE V
Synonyms CI Food Blue 5
Definition Patent Blue V consists essentially of the calcium or
sodium compound of [4-( α-(4-diethylamino-
phenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxideinner salt and subsidiary colouring matters together withsodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate and/or calciumsulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 15
▼B
The potassium salt is also permitted.
Class Triarylmethane
Colour Index No 42051
Einecs 222-573-8
Chemical names The calcium or sodium compound of [4-( α-(4-diethyla-
minophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)
2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethyl-ammoniumhydroxide inner salt
Chemical formula Calcium compound: (C27H31N2O7S2)1/2 Ca
Sodium compound: C27H31N2O7S2Na
Molecular weightCalcium compound: 579,72
Sodium compound: 582,67
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 2 000 atca 638 nm in aqueous solut ion
atpH 5
Description Dark-blue powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at 638 nm at pH 5
B. Blue solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 2,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
3-hydroxy benzaldehyde
3-hydroxy benzoic acid
3-hydroxy-4-sulfobenzoic acid Total not more than 0,5 %
N,N-diethylamino benzene sulfonic
acid
Leuco base Notmore t han 4,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 5 not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 132 INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE
Synonyms CI Food Blue 1
Definition Indigotine consists essentially of a mixture of disodium
3,3/prime1dioxo-2,2 /prime1-bi-indolylidene-5,5 /prime1-disulfonate, and diso-
dium 3,3 /prime1-dioxo-2,2 /prime1-bi-indolylidene-5,7 /prime1-disulfonate
and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodiumchloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncol-oured components.
Indigotine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Indigoid
Colour Index No 73015
Einecs 212-728-8
Chemical names Disodium 3,3 /prime1-dioxo-2,2 /prime1-bi-indolylidene-5,5 /prime1-disulfo-
nate
Chemical formula C16H8N2Na2O8S2
Molecular weight466,36
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt;
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 16
▼B
disodium 3,3 /prime1-dioxo-2,2 /prime1-bi-indolylidene-5,7 /prime1-disulfo-
nate: not more than 18 %
E1%
1c m 480 atca 610 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Dark-blue powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 610 nm
B. Blue solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Excluding disodium 3,3 /prime1-dioxo-2,2 /prime1-bi-indolylidene-5,7 /prime1-
disulfonate: not more than 1,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
Isatin-5-sulfonic acid
5-sulfoanthranilic acid Total not more than 0,5 %
Anthranilic acid
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 133 BRILLIANT BLUE FCF
Synonyms CI Food Blue 2
Definition Brilliant Blue FCF consists essentially of disodium α-(4-
(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino)
phenyl)- α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclo-
hexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate and itsisomers and subsidiary colouring matters together withsodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principaluncoloured components.
Brilliant Blue FCF is described as the sodium salt. The
calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Triarylmethane
Colour Index No 42090
Einecs 223-339-8
Chemical names Disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino)
phenyl)- α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclo-
hexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate
Chemical formula C37H34N2Na2O9S3
Molecular weight792,84
Assay Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters,
calculated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 1 630 atca 630 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Reddish-blue powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 630 nm
B. Blue solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 6,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 17
▼B
Sum of 2-, 3- and 4-formyl benzene
sulfonic acidsNotmore t han 1,5 %
3-((ethyl)(4-sulfophenyl) amino)
methyl benzene sulfonic acidNotmore t han 0,3 %
Leuco base Notmore t han 5,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic
aminesNot more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % at pH 7
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 140 (i) CHLOROPHYLLS
Synonyms CI Natural Green 3, Magnesium Chlorophyll, Magne-
sium Phaeophytin
Definition Chlorophylls are obtained by solvent extraction of
natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerneand nettle. During the subsequent removal of solvent,the naturally present co-ordinated magnesium may bewholly or partly removed from the chlorophylls to givethe corresponding phaeophytins. The principal colouringmatters are the phaeophytins and magnesium chloro-phylls. The extracted product, from which the solventhas been removed, contains other pigments such as caro-tenoids as well as oils, fats and waxes derived from thesource material. Only the following solvents may beused for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol,propan-2-ol and hexane.
Class Porphyrin
Colour Index No 75810
Einecs Chlorophylls: 215-800-7, chlorophyll a: 207-536-6,
Chlorophyll b: 208-272-4
Chemical names The major colouring principles are:
Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-
2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13 /prime1-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-
tetrahydrocyclopenta [at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate,(Pheophytin a), or as the magnesium complex (Chloro-phyll a)
Phytyl (13
2R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-
methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13 /prime1-oxo-3-vinyl-131-
132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)
propionate, (Pheophytin b), or as the magnesiumcomplex (Chlorophyll b)
Chemical formula Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): C55H72MgN4O5
Chlorophyll a: C55H74N4O5
Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): C55H70MgN4O6
Chlorophyll b: C55H72N4O6
Molecular weightChlorophyll a (magnesium complex): 893,51
Chlorophyll a: 871,22Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): 907,49Chlorophyll b: 885,20
Assay Content of total combined Chlorophylls and their
magnesium complexes is notless t han 10 %
E1%
1c m 700 atca 409 nm in chloroform
Description Waxy solid ranging in colour from olive green to dark
green depending on the content of co-ordinated magne-sium
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 18
▼B
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform at ca 409 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methyl Ethyl
ketone
MethanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg,
Ethanolsingly or in combination
Propan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 140 (ii) CHLOROPHYLLINS
Synonyms CI Natural Green 5, Sodium Chlorophyllin, Potassium
Chlorophyllin
Definition The alkali salts of chlorophyllins are obtained by the
saponification of a solvent extract of natural strains ofedible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. Thesaponification removes the methyl and phytol estergroups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring.The acid groups are neutralized to form the salts ofpotassium and/or sodium.
Only the following solvents may be used for the extrac-
tion: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane,carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol andhexane.
Class Porphyrin
Colour Index No 75815
Einecs 287-483-3
Chemical names The major colouring principles in their acid forms are:
— 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-
9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin
a)
and
— 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-
9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin
b)
Depending on the degree of hydrolysis the cyclopen-
tenyl ring may be cleaved with the resultant productionof a third carboxyl function.
Magnesium complexes may also be present.
Chemical formula Chlorophyllin a (acid form): C34H34N4O5
Chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H32N4O6
Molecular weightChlorophyllin a: 578,68
Chlorophyllin b: 592,66
Each may be increased by 18 daltons if the cyclopen-
tenyl ring is cleaved.
Assay Content of total chlorophyllins is not less than 95 % of
the sample dried at ca 100 °C for 1 hour.
E1%
1c m 700 atca 405 nm in aqueous solut ion at
pH 9
E1%
1c m 140 atca 653 nm in aqueous solut ion at
pH 9
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 19
▼B
Description Dark green to blue/black powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 9 at ca
405 nm and atca 653 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methyl ethyl
ketone
MethanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg,
Ethanolsingly or in combination
Propan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 141 (i) COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLS
Synonyms CI Natural Green 3, Copper Chlorophyll, Copper Phaeo-
phytin
Definition Copper chlorophylls are obtained by addition of a salt of
copper to the substance obtained by solvent extractionof natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne,and nettle. The product, from which the solvent hasbeen removed, contains other pigments such as carote-noids as well as fats and waxes derived from the sourcematerial. The principal colouring matters are the copperphaeophytins. Only the following solvents may be usedfor the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol,propan-2-ol and hexane.
Class Porphyrin
Colour Index No 75815
Einecs Copper chlorophyll a: 239-830-5; copper chlorophyll b:
246-020-5
Chemical names [Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-
2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13 /prime1-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-
tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate]
copper (II) (Copper Chlorophyll a)
[Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-
methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13 /prime1-oxo-3-vinyl-131-
132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-
yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper chlorophyll b)
Chemical formula Copper chlorophyll a: C55H72Cu N4O5
Copper chlorophyll b: C55H70Cu N4O6
Molecular weightCopper chlorophyll a: 932,75
Copper chlorophyll b: 946,73
Assay Content of total copper chlorophylls is not less than
10 %.
E1%
1c m 540 atca 422 nm in chloroform
E1%
1c m 300 atca 652 nm in chloroform
Description Waxy solid ranging in colour from blue green to dark
green depending on the source material
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 20
▼B
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform at ca 422 nm and at ca 652 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methyl ethyl
ketone
MethanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg,
Ethanolsingly or in combination
Propan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Copper ions Notmore t han 200 mg/kg
Total copper Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper phaeophytins
E 141 (ii) COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS
Synonyms Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin, Potassium Copper Chlor-
ophyllin, CI Natural Green 5
Definition The alkali salts of copper chlorophyllins are obtained by
the addition of copper to the product obtained by thesaponification of a solvent extraction of natural strainsof edible plant material, grass, lucerne, and nettle; thesaponification removes the methyl and phytol estergroups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring.After addition of copper to the purified chlorophyllins,the acid groups are neutralized to form the salts ofpotassium and/or sodium.
Only the following solvents may be used for the extrac-
tion: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane,carbon dioxide methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol andhexane.
Class Porphyrin
Colour Index No 75815
Einecs
Chemical names The major colouring principles in their acid forms are
3-(10-Carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2-
vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate, copper complex (Copperchlorophyllin a)
and
3-(10-Carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-
9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl) propionate, copper complex(Copper chlorophyllin b)
Chemical formula Copper chlorophyllin a (acid form): C34H32Cu N4O5
Copper chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H30Cu N4O6
Molecular weightCopper chlorophyllin a: 640,20
Copper chlorophyllin b: 654,18
Each may be increased by 18 daltons if the cyclopen-
tenyl ring is cleaved.
Assay Content of total copper chlorophyllins is not less than
95 % of the sample dried at 100 °Cf o r1h .
E1%
1c m 565 atca 405 nm in aqueous phosphat e
buffer atpH 7,5
E1%
1c m 145 atca 630 nm in aqueous phosphat e
buffer atpH 7,5
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 21
▼B
Description Dark green to blue/black powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7,5 at ca
405 nm and at630 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methyl ethyl
ketone
MethanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg, singly
Ethanolor in combination
Propan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Copper ions Notmore t han 200 mg/kg
Total copper Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper chlorophyllins
E 142 GREEN S
Synonyms CI Food Green 4, BrilliantGreen BS
Definition Green S consists essentially of sodium N-[4-(dimethyla-
mino)phenyl] 2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-1-naphtha-lenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium and subsidiary colouring matterstogether with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate asthe principal uncoloured compounds.
Green S is described as the sodium salt. The calcium
and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Triarylmethane
Colour Index No 44090
Einecs 221-409-2
Chemical names Sodium N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](2-hydroxy-
3,6-disulfo-1-naphthalenyl)-methylene]2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium;
Sodium 5-[4-dimethylamino- α-(4-dimethyliminocyclo-
hexa-2,5-dienylidene)
benzyl]-6-hydroxy-7-sulfonato-naphthalene-2-sulfonate(alternative chemical name).
Chemical formula C27H25N2NaO7S2
Molecular weight576,63
Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as the sodium salt
E1%
1c m 1 720 atca 632 nm in aqueous solut ion
Description Dark blue or dark green powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 632 nm
B. Blue or green solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 1,0 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4,4/prime1-bis(dimethylamino)-benzhydryl
alcoholNotmore t han 0,1 %
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 22
▼B
4,4/prime1-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone Not more than 0,1 %
3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic
acidNotmore t han 0,2 %
Leuco base Notmore t han 5,0 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic
aminesNot more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 150a PLAIN CARAMEL
Definition Plain caramel is prepared by the controlled heat treat-
mentof carbohydrat es (commercially available foodgrade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomersglucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g.glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invertsyrups, anddextrose). To promote caramelization, acids, alkalis andsalts may be employed, with the exception ofammonium compounds and sulphites.
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose Notmore t han 50 %
Colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose Notmore t han 50 %
Colour intensity(1) 0,01—0,12
Total nitrogen Not more than 0,1 %
Total sulphur Not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 2 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at610 nm.
E 150b CAUSTIC SULPHITE CARAMEL
Definition Caustic sulphite caramel is prepared by the controlled
heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially availablefood grade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomersglucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g.glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invertsyrups, anddextrose) with or without acids or alkalis, in the pres-ence of sulphite compounds (sulphurous acid, potassiumsulphite, potassium bisulphite, sodium sulphite andsodium bisulphite); no ammonium compounds are used.
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose More than 50 %
Colour intensity(1) 0,05—0,13
Total nitrogen Not more than 0,3 %(2)
Sulphur dioxide Notmore t han 0,2 %(2)
Total sulphur 0,3—3,5 %(2)
Sulphur bound by DEAE cellulose More than 40 %
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 23
▼B
Absorbance ratio of colour bound by
DEAE cellulose19—34
Absorbance ratio
(A 280/560)Greater than 50
Arsenic Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 2 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at610 nm.
(2) Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1
absorbance units.
E 150c AMMONIA CARAMEL
Definition Ammonia caramel is prepared by the controlled heat
treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available foodgrade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomersglucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g.glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invertsyrups, anddextrose) with or without acids or alkalis, in the pres-ence of ammonium compounds (ammonium hydroxide,ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonateand ammonium phosphate); no sulphite compounds areused.
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose Notmore t han 50 %
Colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose More than 50 %
Colour intensity(1) 0,08—0,36
Ammoniacal nitrogen Not more than 0,3 %(2)
4-methylimidazole Not more than 250 mg/kg(2)
2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxy-butylimidazole Not more than 10 mg/kg(2)
Total sulphur Not more than 0,2 %(2)
Total nitrogen 0,7—3,3 %(2)
Absorbance ratio of colour bound by
phosphoryl cellulose13—35
Arsenic Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 2 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at610 nm.
(2) Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1
absorbance units.
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 24
▼B
E 150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL
Definition Sulphite ammonia caramel is prepared by the controlled
heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially availablefood grade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomersglucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof (e.g.glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invertsyrups, anddextrose) with or without acids or alkalis in the presenceof both sulphite and ammonium compounds (sulphurousacid, potassium sulphite, potassium bisulphite, sodiumsulphite, sodium bisulphite, ammonium hydroxide,ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate,ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, ammoniumsulphite and ammonium hydrogen sulphite).
Einecs 232-435-9
Description Dark brown to black liquids or solids
Purity
Colour bound by DEAE cellulose More than 50 %
Colour intensity(1) 0,10—0,60
Ammoniacal nitrogen Not more than 0,6 %(2)
Sulphur dioxide Notmore t han 0,2 %(2)
4-methylimidazole Not more than 250 mg/kg(2)
Total nitrogen 0,3—1,7 %(2)
Total sulphur 0,8—2,5 %(2)
Nitrogen/sulphur ratio of alcohol
precipitate0,7—2,7
Absorbance ratio of alcohol precipi-
tate(3)8—14
Absorbance ratio (A 280/560) Notmore t han 50
Arsenic Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 2 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 25 mg/kg
(1) Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm
cell at610 nm.
(2) Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1
absorbance units.
(3) Absorbance ratio of alcohol precipitate is defined as the absorbance of the precipitate at 280 nm divided by the
absorbance at560 nm (1 cm cell).
E 151 BRILLIANT BLACK BN, BLACK PN
Synonyms CI Food Black 1
Definition Brilliant Black BN consists essentially of tetrasodium-4-
acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophe-nylazo)-1-naphthylazo] naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate andsubsidiary colouring matters together with sodiumchloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncol-oured components.
Brilliant Black BN is described as the sodium salt. Thecalcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Bisazo
Colour Index No 28440
Einecs 219-746-5
Chemical names Tetrasodium 4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-
(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphthylazo] naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
Chemical formula C28H17N5Na4O14S4
Molecular weight867,69
Assay Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as the sodium salt
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 25
▼B
E1%
1c m 530 atca 570 nm in solut ion
Description Black powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water at ca 570 nm
B. Black-bluish solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 10 % (expressed on the dye content)
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-acetamido-5-hydroxynaphthalene-
1,7-disulfonic acid
4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-
disulfonic acid Total not more than 0,8 %
8-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
4,4/prime1-diazoaminodi-(benzenesulfonic
acid)
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 153 VEGETABLE CARBON
Synonyms Vegetable black
Definition Vegetable carbon is produced by the carbonization of
vegetable material such as wood, cellulose residues, peatand coconut and other shells. The raw material is carbo-nized at high temperatures. It consists essentially offinely divided carbon. It may contain minor amounts ofnitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. Some moisture may beabsorbed on the product after manufacture.
Colour Index No 77266
Einecs 215-609-9
Chemical names Carbon
Chemical formula C
Molecular weight12,01
Assay Content not less than 95 % of carbon calculated on an
anhydrous and ash-free basis
Description Black powder, odourless and tasteless
Identification
A. Solubility Insoluble in water and organic solvents
B. Burning When heated to redness it burns slowly without a flame
Purity
Ash (Total) Not more than 4,0 % (ignition temperature: 625 °C)
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons The extract obtained by extraction of 1 g of the product
with 10 g pure cyclohexane in a continuous extraction
apparatus shall be colourless, and the fluorescence of theext ractin ult ravioletlightshall notbe more int ense t han
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 26
▼B
that of a solution of 0,100 mg of quinine sulfate in
1 000 ml of 0,01 M sulphuric acid.
Loss on drying Notmore t han 12 % (120 °C, 4 hrs)
Alkali soluble matter The filtrate obtained by boiling 2 g of the sample with
20 ml N sodium hydroxide and filtering shall be colour-less
E 154 BROWN FK
Synonyms CI Food Brown 1
Definition Brown FK consists essentially of a mixture of:
I sodium 4-(2,4-diaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonate
II sodium 4-(4,6-diamino-m-tolylazo) benzenesulfo-
nate
III disodium 4,4 /prime1-(4,6-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
IV disodium 4,4 /prime1-(2,4-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
V disodium 4,4 /prime1-(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene-
bisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
VI trisodium 4,4 /prime1,4/primedbl1-(2,4-diaminobenzene-1,3,5-
trisazo)tri-(benzenesulfonate)
and subsidiary colouring matters together with water,
sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principaluncoloured components.
Brown FK is described as the sodium salt. The calciumand the potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Azo (a mixture of mono-, bis- and trisazo colours)
Einecs
Chemical names A mixture of:
I sodium 4-(2,4-diaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonate
II sodium 4-(4,6-diamino-m-tolylazo) benzenesulfo-
nate
III disodium 4,4 /prime1-(4,6-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
IV disodium 4,4 /prime1-(2,4-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di
(benzenesulfonate)
V disodium 4,4 /prime1-(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene-
bisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
VI trisodium 4,4 /prime1,4/primedbl1-(2,4-diaminobenzene-1,3,5-
trisazo)tri-(benzenesulfonate)
Chemical formula I C12H11N4NaO3S
II C13H13N4NaO3S
III C18H14N6Na2O6S2
IV C18H14N6Na2O6S2
VC19H16N6Na2O6S2
VI C24H17N8Na3O9S3
Molecular weightI 314,30
II 328,33
III 520,46
IV 520,46
V 534,47
VI 726,59
Assay Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters
Of the total colouring matters present the proportions of
the components shall not exceed: I 26 %
II 17 %
III 17 %
IV 16 %
V2 0 %
VI 16 %
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 27
▼B
Description Red-brown powder or granules
Identification
Orange to reddish solution
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 3,5 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid Notmore t han 0,7 %
m-phenylenediamine and 4-methyl-m-phenylenediamineNotmore t han 0,35 %
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
other than m-phenylene diamine and4-methyl-m-phenylene diamineNot more than 0,007 % (calculated as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 155 BROWN HT
Synonyms CI Food Brown 3
Definition Brown HT consists essentially of disodium 4,4 /prime1-(2,4-
dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-phenylene bisazo) di(naphthalene-1-sulfonate) and subsidiary colouringmatters together with sodium chloride and/or sulfate asthe principal uncoloured components.
Brown HT is described as the sodium salt. The calciumand potassium salt are also permitted.
Class Bisazo
Colour Index No 20285
Einecs 224-924-0
Chemical names Disodium 4,4 /prime1-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-
phenylene bisazo)di (naphthalene-1-sulfonate)
Chemical formula C27H18N4Na2O9S2
Molecular weight652,57
Assay Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters calcu-
lated as the sodium salt.
E1%
1c m 403 atca 460 nm in aqueous solut ion at
pH 7
Description Reddish-brown powder or granules
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in water of pH 7 at ca 460 nm
B. Brown solution in water
Purity
Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 10 % (TLCmethod)
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Not more than 0,7 %
Unsulfonated primary aromaticaminesNot more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 28
▼B
Ether extractable matter Not more than 0,2 % in a solution of pH 7
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
▼M1
E 160a (i) mixed carotenes
1. PLANT CAROTENES
Synonyms CI Food Orange 5
Definition Mixed carotenes are obtained by solvent extraction of
natural strains of edible plants, carrots, vegetable oils,grass, alfalfa (lucerne) and nettle.
The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of
which beta-carotene accounts for the major part. α,γ-
carotene and other pigments may be present. Besides thecolour pigments, this substance may contain oils, fatsand waxes naturally occurring in the source material.
Only the following solvents may be used in the extrac-
tion: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, ethanol,propan-2-ol, hexane, dichloromethane and carbondioxide.
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 75130
EINECS 230-636-6
Chemical formula β-Carotene: C40H56
Molecular weight β-Carotene: 536,88
Assay Content of carotenes (calculated as β-carotene) is not
less than 5 %. For products obtained by extraction of
vegetable oils: not less than 0,2 % in edible fats
E1%
1c m 2 500 atca 440 nm — 457 nm in
cyclohexane
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 440 nm — 457 nm and
470 nm — 486 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methyl ethyl
ketone
MethanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg,
Propan-2-olsingly or in combination
Hexane
Ethanol
Dichloromethane Not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
2. ALGAL CAROTENES
Definition Mixed carotenes may also be produced from the algae
Dunaliella salina, grown in large saline lakes located inWhyalla, South Australia. Beta-carotene is extractedusing an essential oil. The preparation is 20-30 %suspension in soya bean oil containing natural toco-pherols (up to 0,3 %). The ratio of trans-cis isomers is inthe range of 50/50 — 71/29.
The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of
which beta-carotene accounts for the major part. Alpha-
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 29
▼M1
carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin may
be present. Besides the colour pigments, this substancemay contain oils, fats and waxes naturally occurring inthe source material.
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 75130
Assay Content of carotenes (calculated as β-carotene) is not
less than 20 %.
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 448 nm — 457 nm and
474 nm — 486 nm
Purity
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
▼B
E 160a (ii) BETA-CAROTENE
Synonyms CI Food Orange 5
Definition These specifications apply predominantly to all trans
isomer of β-carotene together with minor amounts of
other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized preparationsmay have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 40800
Einecs 230-636-6
Chemical names β-Carotene, β,β-Carotene
Chemical formula C40H56
Molecular weight536,88
Assay Not less than 96 % total colouring matters (expressed as
β-carotene)
E1%
1c m 2 500 atca 453—456 nm in cyclohexane
Description Red to brownish-red crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at ca 453—456 nm
Purity
Sulfated ash Not more than 0,2 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotinoids other than β-carotene: not more than 3,0 %
of total colouring matters
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 160b ANNATTO, BIXIN, NORBIXIN
Synonyms CI Natural Orange 4
Definition
Class Carotenoid
Colour Index No 75120
Einecs Annatto: 215-735-4, annatto seed extract: 289-561-2;
bixin: 230-248-7
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 30
▼B
Chemical names Bixin:6 /prime1-Methylhydrogen-9 /prime1-cis-6,6 /prime1-diapocarotene-6,6 /prime1-
dioate
6/prime1-Methylhydrogen-9 /prime1-trans-6,6 /prime1-diapocarotene-6,6 /prime1-
dioate
Norbixin:9 /prime1Cis-6,6 /prime1-diapocarotene-6,6 /prime1-dioic acid
9/prime1-Trans-6,6 /prime1-diapocarotene-6,6 /prime1-dioic acid
Chemical formula Bixin:C25H30O4
Norbixin:C24H28O4
Molecular weightBixin: 394,51
Norbixin: 380,48
Description Reddish-brown powder, suspension or solution
Identification
Spectrometry Bixin:maximum in chloroform at ca 502 nm
Norbixin:maximum in dilute KOH solution at ca 482 nm
(i)Solvent extracted bixin and norbixin
Definition Bixin is prepared by the extraction of the outer coating
of the seeds of the annatto tree ( Bixa orellana L.) with
one or more of the following solvents: acetone,methanol, hexane or dichloromethane, carbon dioxidefollowed by the removal of the solvent.
Norbixin is prepared by hydrolysis by aqueous alkali of
the extracted bixin.
Bixin and norbixin may contain other materials
extracted from the annatto seed.
The bixin powder contains several coloured compo-
nents, the major single one being bixin, which may bepresent in both cis- and trans- forms. Thermal degrada-tion products of bixin may also be present.
The norbixin powder contains the hydrolysis product of
bixin, in the form of the sodium or potassium salts asthe major colouring principle. Both cis- and trans-formsmay be present.
Assay Content of bixin powders not less than 75 % total caro-
tenoids calculated as bixin.
Content of norbixin powders not less than 25 % total
carotenoids calculated as norbixin
Bixin: E1%
1c m 2 870 atca 502 nm in
chloroform
Norbixin: E1%
1c m 2 870 atca 482 nm in
KOH solution
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methanolnotmore t han 50 mg/kg, singly
Hexaneor in combination
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
(ii)Alkali extracted annatto
Definition Water soluble annatto is prepared by extraction with
aqueous alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxide) of theouter coating of the seeds of the annatto tree ( Bixa
orellana L. )
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 31
▼B
Water soluble annatto contains norbixin, the hydrolysis
product of bixin, in the form of the sodium or potassiumsalts, as the major colouring principle. Both cis- andtrans- forms may be present.
Assay Contains not less than 0,1 % of total carotenoids
expressed as norbixin
Norbixin:
Purity
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
(iii)Oil extracted annatto
Definition Annatto extracts in oil, as solution or suspension, are
prepared by extraction of the outer coating of the seedsof the annatto tree ( Bixa orellana L. ) with edible
vegetable oil. Annatto extract in oil contains severalcoloured components, the major single one being bixin,which may be present in both cis- and trans- forms.Thermal degradation products of bixin may also bepresent.
Assay Contains not less than 0,1 % of total carotenoids
expressed as bixin
Bixin: E1%
1c m 2 870 atca 502 nm in
chloroform
Purity
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 160c PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAPSANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN
Synonyms Paprika Oleoresin
Definition Paprika extract is obtained by solvent extraction of the
natural strains of paprika, which consists of the groundfruits pods, with or without seeds, of Capsicum annuum
L., and contains the major colouring principles of this
spice. The major colouring principles are capsanthin andcapsorubin. A wide variety of other colouredcompounds is known to be present.
Only the following solvents may be used in the extrac-tion: methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, dichlorome-thane, ethyl acetate and carbon dioxide.
Class Carotenoid
Einecs Capsanthin: 207-364-1, capsorubin: 207-425-2
Chemical names Capsanthin: (3R, 3 /prime1S, 5 /prime1R)-3,3 /prime1-dihydroxy- β,k-
carotene-6-one
Capsorubin: (3S, 3 /prime1S, 5R, 5R /prime1)-3,3 /prime1-dihydroxy-k,k-
carotene-6,6 /prime1-dione
Chemical formula Capsanthin: C40H56O3
Capsorubin: C40H56O4
Molecular weightCapsant hin: 584,85
Capsorubin: 600,85
Assay Paprika extrakt: content not less than 7,0 % carotinoids
Capsanthin/capsorubin: not less than 30 % of total caro-
tenoids
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 32
▼B
E1%
1c m 2 100 atca 462 nm in acet one
Description Dark-red viscous liquid
Identification
A. Spectrometry Maximum in acetone at ca 462 nm
B. Colour reaction A deep blue colour is produced by adding one drop of
sulfuric acid to one drop of sample in 2—3 drops of
chloroform
Purity
Solvent residues Ethyl acetate
Methanol
EthanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg,
Acetonesingly or in combination
Hexane
Dichloromethan: not more than 10 mg/kg
Capsaicin Notmore t han 250 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 160d LYCOPENE
Synonyms Natural Yellow 27
Definition Lycopene is obtained by solvent extraction of the
natural strains of red tomatoes ( Lycopersicon escu-
lentum L.) with subsequent removal of the solvent. Only
the following solvents may be used: dichloromethane,carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propan-2-ol,methanol, ethanol, hexane. The major colouring prin-ciple of tomatoes is lycopene, minor amounts of othercarotenoid pigments may be present. Beside the othercolour pigments the product may contain oils, fats,waxes, and flavour components naturally occurring intomatoes.
Class Carotinoid
Colour Index No 75125
Chemical names Lycopene, Lycopene, ψ,ψ-carotenecarotene
Chemical formula C40H56
Molecular weight536,85
Assay E1%
1c m 3 450 atca 472 nm in hexane
E1%
1c m 3 450 atca 472 nm in hexane
Description Dark red viscous liquid
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in hexane at ca 472 nm
Purity
Solvent residues Ethyl acetate
Methanol
Ethanol Notmore t han 50 mg/kg, singly
Acetone or in combination
Hexane
Propan-2-ol
Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg
Sulfated ash Not more than 0,1 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 33
▼B
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 160e BETA-APO-8 /prime1-CAROTENAL (C30)
Synonyms CI Food Orange 6
Definition These specifications apply to predominantly all trans
isomer of β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenal together with minor
amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilizedforms are prepared from β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenal meeting
these specifications and include solutions or suspensionsof ß-apo-8 /prime1carotenal in edible fats or oils, emulsions and
water dispersible powders. These preparations may havedifferent cis/trans isomer ratios.
Class Carotinoid
Colour Index No 40820
Einecs 214-171-6
Chemical names β-Apo-8 /prime1-carotenal, Trans- β-apo-8 /prime1carotene-aldehyde
Chemical formula C30H40O
Molecular weight416,65
Assay Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
E1%
1c m 2 640 at460—462 nm in cyclohexane
Description Dark violet crystals with metallic lustre or crystalline
powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at 460—462 nm
Purity
Sulfated ash Not more than 0,1 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenal:
not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg
E 160f ETHYL ESTER OF BETA-APO-8 /prime1-CAROTENOIC ACID (C30)
Synonyms CI Food Orange 7, β-apo-8 /prime1-Carotinester, Carotinsäuree-
ster
Definition These specifications apply to predominantly all trans
isomer of β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenoic acid ethyl ester together
with minor amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted andstabilized forms are prepared from β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenoic
acid ethyl ester meeting these specifications and includesolutions or suspensions of β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenoic acid
ethyl ester in edible fats or oils, emulsions and waterdispersible powders. These preparations may havedifferent cis/trans isomer ratios.
Class Carotinoid
Colour Index No 40825
Einecs 214-173-7
Chemical names β-Apo-8 /prime1-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, ethyl 8 /prime1-apo-β-
caroten-8 /prime1-oate
Chemical formula C32H44O2
Molecular weight460,70
Assay Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
E1%
1c m 2 550 atca 449 nm in cyclohexane
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 34
▼B
Description Red to violet-red crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in cyclohexane at ca 449 nm
Purity
Sulfated ash Not more than 0,1 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than β-apo-8 /prime1-carotenoic acid ethyl
ester: not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
Not more than 3,0 % der Farbstoffe insgesamt
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg
E 161b LUTEIN
Synonyms Mixed Carotenoids, Xanthophylls
Definition Lutein is obtained by solvent extraction of the natural
strains of edible fruits and plants, grass, lucerne (alfalfa)and tagetes erecta . The main colouring principle
consists of carotenoids of which lutein and its fatty acidesters account for the major part. Variable amounts ofcarotenes will also be present. Lutein may contain fats,oils and waxes naturally occurring in the plant material.
Only the following solvents may be used for the extrac-
tion: methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, hexane, acetone,methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane and carbondioxide
Class Carotenoid
Einecs 204-840-0
Chemical names 3,3 /prime1-dihydroxy-d-carotene
Chemical formula C40H56O2
Molecular weight568,88
Assay Content of total colouring matter not less than 4 %
calculated as lutein
E1%
1c m 2 550 atca 445 nm in chloroform/et hanol
(10 + 90) or in hexane/ethanol/acetone (80 + 10 + 10)
Description Dark, yellowish brown liquid
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform/ethanol (10 + 90) at ca 445 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Acet one
Methyl ethyl
ketone
MethanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg,
Ethanolsingly or in combination
Propan-2-ol
Hexane
Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 35
▼B
E 161g CANTHAXANTHIN
Synonyms CI Food Orange 8
Definition These specifications apply to predominantly all trans
isomers of canthaxanthin together with minor amountsof other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized forms areprepared from canthaxanthin meeting these specifica-tions and include solutions or suspensions of canthaxan-thin in edible fats or oils, emulsions and water disper-sible powders. These preparations may have differentcis/trans isomer ratios.
Class Carotinoid
Colour Index No 40850
Einecs 208-187-2
Chemical names β-Carotene-4,4 /prime1-dione, canthaxanthin, 4,4 /prime1-dioxo- β-caro-
tene
Chemical formula C40H52O2
Molecular weight564,86
Assay Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters (expressed
as canthaxanthin)
E1%
1c m 2 200 atca 485 nm in chloroform
at468—472 nm in cyclohexane
at 464—467 nm in petroleum ether
Description Deep violet crystals or crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in chloroform at ca 485 nm
Maximum in cyclohexane at468—472 nm
Maximum in petroleum ether at 464—467 nm
Purity
Sulfated ash Not more than 0,1 %
Subsidiary colouring matters Carotenoids other than canthaxanthin: not more than
5,0 % of total colouring matters
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 162 BEETROOT RED, BETANIN
Synonyms BeetRed
Definition Beet red is obtained from the roots of natural strains of
red beets ( Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra ) by pressing
crushed beet as press juice or by aqueous extraction ofshredded beetroot s and subsequentenrichmentin t heactive principle. The colour is composed of differentpigments all belonging to the class betalaine. The maincolouring principle consists of betacyanins (red) ofwhich betanin accounts for 75—95 %. Minor amountsof betaxanthin (yellow) and degradation products ofbetalaines (light brown) may be present.
Besides the colour pigments the juice or extract consists
of sugars, salts, and/or proteins naturally occurring inred beets. The solution may be concentrated and someproducts may be refined in order to remove most of thesugars, salts and proteins.
Class Betalaine
Einecs 231-628-5
Chemical names (S-(R /prime1,R/prime1)-4-(2-(2-Carboxy-5( β-D-
glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-
yl)ethenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid;1-(2-(2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-pyridyli-
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 36
▼B
dene)ethylidene)-5- β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-
hydroxyindolium-2-carboxylate
Chemical formula Betanin: C24H26N2O13
Molecular weight550,48
Assay Content of red colour (expressed as betanine) is not less
than 0,4 %
E1%
1c m 1 120 atca 535 nm in aqueous solut ion
atpH 5
Description Red or dark red liquid, paste, powder or solid
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in water of pH 5 at ca 535 nm
Purity
Nitrate Not more than 2 g nitrate anion/g of red colour (as
calculated from assay).
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 163 ANTHOCYANINS
Definition Anthocyanins are obtained by extraction with sulphited
water, acidified water, carbon dioxide, methanol orethanol from the natural strains of vegetables and ediblefruits. Anthocyanins contain common components of thesource material, namely anthocyanine, organic acids,tannins, sugars, minerals etc., but not necessarily in thesame proportions as found in the source material.
Class Anthocyanin
Einecs 208-438-6 (cyanidin); 205-125-6 (peonidin); 208-437-0
(delphinidin); 211-403-8 (malvidin); 205-127-7 (pelar-gonidin)
Chemical names 3,3 /prime1,4/prime1,5,7-Pentahydroxy-flavylium chloride (cyanidin)
3,4/prime1,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3 /prime1-methoxyflavylium chloride
(peonidin)
3,4/prime1,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3 /prime1,5/prime1-dimethoxyflavylium chloride
(malvidin)
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5,trihydroxy-
phenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride (delphinidin)
3,3/prime14/prime1,5,7-Pentahydroxy-5 /prime1-methoxyflavylium chloride
(petunidin)
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrilium
chloride (pelargonidin)
Chemical formula Cyanidin: C15H11O6CI
Peonidin: C16H13O6CI
Malvidin: C17H15O7CI
Delphinidin: C15H11O7CI
Petunidin: C16H13O7CI
Pelargonidin: C15H11O5CI
Molecular weightCyanidin: 322,6
Peonidin: 336,7Malvidin: 366,7Delphinidin: 340,6Petunidin: 352,7Pelargonidin: 306,7
Assay E1%
1c m 300 for t he pure pigmentat515-535 nm at
pH 3,0
Description Purplish-red liquid, powder or paste, having a slight
characteristic odour
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 37
▼B
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in methanol with 0,01 % conc. HCl
Cyanidin: 535 nm
Peonidin: 532 nmMalvidin: 542 nmDelphinidin: 546 nmPetunidin: 543 nmPelargonidin: 530 nm
Purity
Solventresidues Met hanol
EthanolNotmore t han 50 mg/kg
Solvent residues Notmore t han 1 000 mg/kg per percentpigment
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
E 170 CALCIUM CARBONATE
Synonyms CI PigmentWhit e 18, Chalk
Definition Calcium carbonate is the product obtained from ground
limestone or by the precipitation of calcium ions withcarbonate ions.
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77220
Einecs Calcium carbonate: 207-439-9
Limestone: 215-279-6
Chemical names Calcium carbonate
Chemical formula CaCO3
Molecular weight100,1
Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis
Description White crystalline or amorphous, odourless and tasteless
powder
Identification
Solubility Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol. Dissolves
with effervescence in diluted acetic acid, in diluted
hydrochloric acid and in diluted nitric acid, and theresulting solutions, after boiling, give positive tests forcalcium.
Purity
Loss on drying Notmore t han 2,0 % (200 °C, 4 hours)
Acid-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 %
Magnesium and alkali salts Not more than 1,5 %
Fluoride Notmore t han 50 mg/kg
Antimony (as Sb)
Copper (as Cu)
Chromium (as Cr) Not more than 100 mg/kg, singly or in combination
Zinc (as Zn)
Barium (as Ba)
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 38
▼B
E 171 TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Synonyms CI PigmentWhit e 6
Definition Titanium Dioxide consists essentially of pure anatase
titanium dioxide which may be coated with smallamounts of alumina and/or silica to improve the techno-logical properties of the product.
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77891
Einecs 236-675-5
Chemical names Titanium dioxide
Chemical formula TiO2
Molecular weight79,88
Assay Cont entnotless t han 99 % on an alumina and silica-free
basis
Description Amorphous white powder
Identification
Solubility Insoluble in water and organic solvents. Dissolves
slowly in hydrofluoric acid and in hot concentratedsulfuric acid.
Purity
Loss on drying Notmore t han 0,5 % (105 °C, 3 hours)
Loss on ignition Not more than 1,0 % on a volatile matter free basis
(800 °C)
Aluminium oxide and/or silicon
dioxideTotal not more than 2,0 %
Matter soluble in 0,5N HCl Not more than 0,5 % on an alumina and silica-free basis
and, in addition, for products containing alumina and/orsilica, not more than 1,5 % on the basis of the product assold.
Water soluble matter Not more than 0,5 %
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Antimony Not more than 50 mg/kg by total dissolution
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg by total dissolution
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg by total dissolution
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg by total dissolution
Zink Not more than 50 mg/kg by total dissolution
E 172 IRON OXIDES AND IRON HYDROXIDES
Synonyms Iron Oxide Yellow: CI PigmentYellow 42 and 43
Iron Oxide Red: CI PigmentRed 101 and 102Iron Oxide Black: CI PigmentBlack 11
Definition Iron oxides and iron hydroxides are produced syntheti-
cally and consistessent ially of anhydrous and/orhydrated iron oxides. The range of hues includesyellows, reds, browns and blacks. Food quality ironoxides are primarily distinguished from technical gradesby the comparatively low levels of contamination byother metals. This si achieved by the selection andcontrol of the source of the iron and/or by the extent ofchemical purification during the manufacturing process.
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No Iron Oxide Yellow: 77492
Iron Oxide Red: 77491Iron Oxide Black: 77499
Einecs Iron Oxide Yellow: 257-098-5
Iron Oxide Red: 215-168-2Iron Oxide Black: 235-442-5
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 39
▼B
Chemical names Iron Oxide Yellow: hydrated ferric oxide, hydrated iron
(III) oxide
Iron Oxide Red: anhydrous ferric oxide, anhydrous iron
(III) oxide
Iron Oxide Black: ferroso ferric oxide, iron (II, III)
oxide
Chemical formula Iron Oxide Yellow: FeO(OH).xH2O
Iron Oxide Red: Fe2O3
Iron Oxide Black: FeO.Fe2O3
Molecular weight88,85: FeO(OH)
159,70: Fe2O3
231,55: FeO.Fe2O3
Assay Yellow notless t han 60 %, red and black notless t han
68 % total iron, expressed as iron
Description Powder; yellow, red, brown or black in hue
Identification
Solubility Insoluble in water and in organic solvents
Soluble in concentrated mineral acids
Purity
Water soluble matter Not more than 1,0 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 5 mg/kg
Barium Notmore t han 50 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 5 mg/kg
Chromium Notmore t han 100 mg/kg By total disso-
Copper Notmore t han 50 mg/kg lution
Lead Notmore t han 20 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Nickel Notmore t han 200 mg/kg
Zinc Notmore t han 100 mg/kg
E 173 ALUMINIUM
Synonyms CI PigmentMet al, Al
Definition Aluminium powder is composed of finely divided
particles of aluminium. The grinding may or may not becarried out in the presence of edible vegetable oils and/or food additive quality fatty acids. It is free fromadmixture with substances other than edible vegetableoils and/or food additive quality fatty acids.
Colour Index No 77000
Einecs 231-072-3
Chemical names Aluminium
Chemical formula Al
Atomic weight 26,98
Assay Not less than 99 % calculated as Al on an oil-free basis
Description A silvery-grey powder or tiny sheets
Identification
Solubility Insoluble in water and in organic solvents. Soluble in
dilute hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution gives
positive tests for aluminium.
Purity
Loss on drying Notmore t han 0,5 % (105 °C, to constant weight)
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 40
▼B
E 174 SILVER
Synonyms Argentum, Ag
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77820
Einecs 231-131-3
Chemical names Silver
Chemical formula Ag
Atomic weight 107,87
Assay Cont entnotless t han 99,5 % Ag
Description Silver-coloured powder or tiny sheets
E 175GOLD
Synonyms PigmentMet al 3, Aurum, Au
Class Inorganic
Colour Index No 77480
Einecs 231-165-9
Chemical names Gold
Chemical formula Au
Atomic weight 197,0
Assay Cont entnotless t han 90 % Au
Description Gold-coloured powder or tiny sheets
Purity
Silver Notmore t han
7,0 %
Copper Notmore t han
4,0 %After complete dissolution
E 180 LITHOLRUBINE BK
Synonyms CI PigmentRed 57, Rubinpigment , Carmine 6B
Definition Lithol Rubine BK consists essentially of calcium 3-
hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-2-sulfonatopheny-lazo)-2-naphthalenecarboxylate and subsidiary colouringmatters together with water, calcium chloride and/orcalcium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
Class Monoazo
Colour Index No 15850:1
Einecs 226-109-5
Chemical names Calcium 3-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-2-sulfonatopheny-
lazo)-2-naphthalene-carboxylate
Chemical formula C18H12CaN2O6S
Molecular weight424,45
Assay Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters
E1%
1c m 200 atca 442 nm in dimet hylformamide
Description Red powder
Identification
Spectrometry Maximum in dimethylformamide at ca 442 nm
Purity
Subsidiary colouring matters Not more than 0,5 %
Organic compounds other than
colouring matters:
2-Amino-5-methylbenzenesulfonic
acid, calcium saltNotmore t han 0,2 %
3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic
acid, calcium saltNotmore t han 0,4 %
1995L0045 — EN — 25.08.1999 — 001.001 — 41
▼B
Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines Not more than 0,01 % (expressed as aniline)
Ether extractable matter From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
Arsenic Notmore t han 3 mg/kg
Lead Notmore t han 10 mg/kg
Mercury Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Cadmium Notmore t han 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 40 mg/kg