Item Method reasons for failure

0. IDENTIFICATION OF THE VEHICĹE

0.1. Registration number plates (if needed by requirements) () Visual inspection (a) Number plate(s) missing or so insecure/fixed that it is (they are) likely to fall off. (b) Inscription missing or illegible. (c) Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records.

0.2. Vehicle identification chassis/serial number Visual inspection (a) Missing or can not be found. (b) Incomplete, illegible. (c) Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records.

1. BRAKING EQUIPMENT

1.1. Mechanical condition and operation

1.1.1. Service brake pedal/hand lever pivot Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. Note: Vehicles with power-assisted braking systems should be inspected with the engine switched off. (a) Pivot too tight. (b) Excessive wear or play.

1.1.2. Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated Note: Vehicles with power-assisted braking systems should be inspected with the engine switched off. (a) Excessive or insufficient reserve travel. (b) Brake control not releasing correctly. (c) Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth.

1.1.3. Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs Visual inspection of the components at normal working pressure. Check time required for vacuum or air pressure to reach safe working value and function of warning device, multi-circuit protection valve and pressure relief valve. (a) Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading). (b) Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements () (c) Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working. (d) Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks. (e) External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system.

1.1.4. Low pressure warning gauge or indicator Functional check Malfunctioning or defective gauge or indicator.

1.1.5. Hand operated brake control valve Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn. (b) Control insecure on valve or valve insecure. (c) Loose connections or leaks in system. (d) Unsatisfactory operation.

1.1.6. Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Ratchet not holding correctly. (b) Excessive wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism. (c) Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment. (d) Activator missing, damaged or inoperative (e) Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction

1.1.7. Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors) Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Valve damaged or excessive air leak. (b) Excessive oil discharge from compressor. (c) Valve insecure or inadequately mounted. (d) Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak.

1.1.8. Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical and pneumatic) Disconnect and reconnect braking system coupling between towing vehicle and trailer. (a) Tap or self sealing valve defective. (b) Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted. (c) Excessive leaks. (d) Not functioning correctly

1.1.9. Energy storage reservoir pressure tank Visual inspection. (a) Tank damaged, corroded or leaking. (b) Drain device inoperative. (c) Tank insecure or inadequately mounted.

1.1.10. Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems) Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Defective or ineffective servo unit. (b) Master cylinder defective or leaking. (c) Master cylinder insecure. (d) Insufficient brake fluid. (e) Master cylinder reservoir cap missing. (f) Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective. (g) Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device.

1.1.11. Rigid brake pipes Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Imminent risk of failure or fracture. (b) Pipes or connections leaking. (c) Pipes damaged or excessively corroded. (d) Pipes misplaced.

1.1.12. Flexible brake hoses Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Imminent risk of failure or fracture. (b) Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short (c) Hoses or connections leaking. (d) Hoses bulging under pressure. (e) Hoses porous.

1.1.13. Brake linings and pads Visual inspection. (a) Lining or pad excessively worn. (b) Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.). (c) Lining or pad missing

1.1.14. Brake drums, brake discs Visual inspection. (a) Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured. (b) Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.) (c) Drum or disc missing (d) Back plate insecure.

1.1.15. Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Cable damaged or knotted. (b) Component excessively worn or corroded. (c) Cable, rod or joint insecure. (d) Cable guide defective. (e) Restriction to free movement of the braking system. (f) Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear.

1.1.16. Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders) Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated. (a) Actuator cracked or damaged. (b) Actuator leaking. (c) Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted. (d) Actuator excessively corroded. (e) Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism. (f) Dust cover missing or excessively damaged.

1.1.17. Load sensing valve Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated (a) Defective linkage. (b) Linkage incorrectly adjusted. (c) Valve seized or inoperative. (d) Valve missing. (e) Missing data plate. (f) Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements ()

1.1.18. Slack adjusters and indicators Visual inspection. (a) Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment. (b) Adjuster defective. (c) Incorrectly installed or replaced.

1.1.19. Endurance braking system (where fitted or required) Visual inspection. (a) Insecure connectors or mountings. (b) System obviously defective or missing.

1.1.20. Automatic operation of trailer brakes Disconnect brake coupling between towing vehicle and trailer. Trailer brake does not apply automatically when coupling disconnected.

1.1.21. Complete braking system Visual inspection (a) Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system. (b) Leakage of air or anti-freeze. (c) Any component insecure or inadequately mounted. (d) Inappropriate repair or modification to any component (1)

1.1.22. Test connections (where fitted or required) Visual inspection (a) Missing. (b) Damaged, unusable or leaking.

1.2. Service braking performance and efficiency

1.2.1. Performance during a test on a static brake testing machine or, if impossible during a road test apply the brakes progressively up to maximum effort. (a) Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. (b) Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. (c) No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). (d) Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel. (e) Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution.

1.2.2. Efficiency Test with a static brake testing machine or, if one cannot be used for technical reasons, by a road test using a recording decelerometer. Vehicles or a trailer with a maximum permissible mass exceeding 3 500 kg has to be inspected following the standards given by ISO 21069 or equivalent methods. Road tests should be carried out under dry conditions on a flat, straight road. Does not give at least the minimum figure as follows Vehicles registered first time after entry into force of this Directive: — Category N1: 50 %, — Category M1: 58 %, — Category M2 and M3: 50 %, — Category N2 and N3: 50 %, — Category O2 (XX) (), O3 and O4: — — for semi-trailers: 45 % — for draw-bar trailers: 50 % Vehicles registered before entry into force of this Directive: Category N1: 45 % Category M1, M2 and M3: 50 % (2) Category N2 and N3: 43 % (3) Category O2 (XX) (), O3 and O4: 40 % (4) Other categories (XX) (),. — Categories L (both brakes): — — Category L1e: 42 % — Category L2e, L6e: 40 % — Category L3e: 50 % — Category L4e: 46 % — Category L5e, L7e: 44 % — Categories L (rear wheel brake): — — all categories: 25 %

1.3. Secondary (emergency) braking performance and efficiency (if met by separate system)

1.3.1. Performance If the secondary braking system is separate from the service braking system, use the method specified in 1.2.1. (a) Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. (b) Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. (c) No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).

1.3.2. Efficiency If the secondary braking system is separate from the service braking system, use the method specified in 1.2.2. Braking effort less than 50 % (5) of the service brake performance defined in section 1.2.2 in relation to the maximum authorized mass or, in the case of semi-trailers, to the sum of the authorized axel loads (except L1e and L3e).

1.4. Parking braking performance and efficiency

1.4.1. Performance Apply the brake during a test on a static brake testing machine and/or during a road test with a decelerometer. Brake inoperative on one side or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.

1.4.2. Efficiency Test with a static brake testing machine or by a road test using either an indicating or recording decelerometer or with the vehicle on a slope of known gradient. Goods vehicles should, if possible, be tested laden. Does not give at least for all vehicles a braking ratio of 16 % in relation to the maximum authorized mass, or, for motor vehicles, of 12 % in relation to the maximum authorized combination mass of the vehicle, whichever is the greater (except L1e and L3e).

1.5. Endurance braking system performance Visual inspection and, where possible test whether the system functions. (a) No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems). (b) System not functioning.

1.6. Anti-lock braking system (ABS) Visual inspection and inspection of warning device. (a) Warning device malfunctioning. (b) Warning device shows system malfunction. (c) Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged (d) Wirings damaged (e) Other components missing or damaged

1.7. Electronic brake system (EBS) Visual inspection of warning device. (a) Warning device malfunctioning. (b) Warning device shows system malfunction.

2. STEERING

2.1. Mechanical condition

2.1.1. Steering gear condition With the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist and with the road wheels off the ground or on turn tables, rotate the steering wheel from lock to lock. Visual inspection of the operation of the steering gear. (a) Roughness in operation of gear. (b) Sector shaft twisted or splines worn. (c) Excessive wear in sector shaft. (d) Excessive movement of sector shaft. (e) Leaking.

2.1.2. Steering gear casing attachment With vehicle on a pit or hoist and the weight of the vehicle road wheels on the ground, rotate steering/handle bar wheel clock-wise and anticlockwise or using a specially adapted wheel play detector. Visual inspection of the attachment of gear casing to chassis. (a) Steering gear casing not properly attached. (b) Elongated fixing holes in chassis. (c) Missing or fractured fixing bolts. (d) Steering gear casing fractured.

2.1.3. Steering linkage condition With the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist and with the road wheel on ground, rock steering wheel clockwise and anti-clockwise or using a specially adapted wheel play detector. Visual inspection of steering components for wear, fractures and security. (a) Relative movement between components which should be fixed. (b) Excessive wear at joints. (c) Fractures or deformation of any component. (d) Absence of locking devices. (e) Misalignment of components (e.g. track rod or drag link). (f) Inappropriate repair or modification. (g) Dust cover missing, damaged or severely deteriorated.

2.1.4. Steering linkage operation With the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist and with the road wheels on ground and the engine running (power steering), rotate steering wheel from lock to lock. Visual inspection of movement of linkages. (a) Moving steering linkage fouling a fixed part of chassis. (b) Steering stops not operating or missing.

2.1.5. Power steering Check steering system for leaks and hydraulic fluid reservoir level (if visible). With the road wheels on ground and with the engine running, check that the power steering system is operating. (a) Fluid leak. (b) Insufficient fluid. (c) Mechanism not working. (d) Mechanism fractured or insecure. (e) Misalignment or fouling of components. (f) Inappropriate repair or modification. (g) Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded.

2.2. Steering wheel, column and handle bar

2.2.1. Steering wheel/handle bar condition With the road wheels on the ground, rock steering wheel from side to side at right angles to column and apply slight downward and upward pressure. Visual inspection of play. (a) Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness. (b) Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub (c) Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes

2.2.2. Steering column/yokes and forks With the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist and the mass of the vehicle on the ground, push and pull the steering wheel in line with column, push steering wheel/handle bar in various directions at right angles to the column/forks. Visual inspection of play, and condition of flexible couplings or universal joints. (a) Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down. (b) Excessive movement of top of column radially from axis of column. (c) Deteriorated flexible coupling. (d) Attachment defective. (e) inappropriate repair or modification

2.3. Steering play With the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist, the mass of the vehicle on the road-wheels, the engine running for vehicles with power steering and with the road wheels in the straight-ahead position, lightly turn the steering wheel clockwise and anti-clockwise as far as possible without moving the road wheels. Visual inspection of free movement. Free play in steering excessive (for example movement of a point on the rim exceeding one fifth of the diameter of the steering wheel or not in accordance with the requirements ().

2.4. Wheel alignment (X) () Check alignment of steered wheels with suitable equipment. Alignment not in accordance with vehicle manufacturer’s data or requirements ().

2.5. Trailer steered axle turntable Visual inspection or using a specially adapted wheel play detector (a) Component damaged or cracked. (b) Excessive play. (c) Attachment defective.

2.6. Electronic Power Steering (EPS) Visual inspection and consistency check between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels when switching on/off the engine (a) EPS Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) indicates any kind of failure of the system. (b) Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels. (c) power assistance not working

3. VISIBILITY

3.1. Field of vision Visual inspection from driving seat. Obstruction within driver’s field of view that materially affects his view in front or to the sides.

3.2. Condition of glass Visual inspection. (a) Cracked or discoloured glass or transparent panel (if permitted). (b) Glass or transparent panel (including reflecting or tinted film) that does not comply with specifications in the requirements () (XX) (), (c) Glass or transparent panel in unacceptable condition.

3.3. Rear-view mirrors or devices Visual inspection. (a) Mirror or device missing or not fitted according to the requirements (). (b) Mirror or device inoperative, damaged, loose or insecure.

3.4. Windscreen wipers Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Wipers not operating or missing (b) Wiper blade missing or obviously defective.

3.5. Windscreen washers Visual inspection and by operation. Washers not operating adequately.

3.6 Demisting system (X) () Visual inspection and by operation. System inoperative or obviously defective.

4. LAMPS, REFLECTORS AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

4.1. Headlamps

4.1.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Defective or missing light/light source. (b) Defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens). (c) Lamp not securely attached.

4.1.2. Alignment Determine the horizontal aim of each headlamp on dipped beam using a headlamp aiming device or a screen. Aim of a headlamp not within limits laid down in the requirements ().

4.1.3. Switching Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements () (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time) (b) Function of control device impaired.

4.1.4. Compliance with requirements (). Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Lamp, emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Products on lens or light source which obviously reduce light intensity or change emitted colour. (c) Light source and lamp not compatible

4.1.5. Levelling devices (where mandatory) Visual inspection and by operation if possible. (a) Device not operating. (b) Manual device cannot be operated from driver’s seat.

4.1.6. Headlamp cleaning device (where mandatory) Visual inspection and by operation if possible. Device not operating.

4.2. Front and rear position lamps, side marker lamps and end outline marker lamps

4.2.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Defective light source. (b) Defective lens. (c) Lamp not securely attached.

4.2.2. Switching Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Function of control device impaired.

4.2.3. Compliance with requirements (). Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Lamp, emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Products on lens or light source which reduce light intensity or change emitted colour.

4.3. Stop Lamps

4.3.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Defective light source. (b) Defective lens. (c) Lamp not securely attached.

4.3.2. Switching Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Function of control device impaired.

4.3.3. Compliance with requirements (). Visual inspection and by operation. Lamp, emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements ().

4.4. Direction indicator and hazard warning lamps

4.4.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Defective light source. (b) Defective lens. (c) Lamp not securely attached

4.4.2. Switching Visual inspection and by operation. Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements ().

4.4.3. Compliance with requirements (). Visual inspection and by operation. Lamp, emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements ().

4.4.4. Flashing frequency Visual inspection and by operation. Rate of flashing not in accordance with the requirements ().

4.5. Front and rear fog lamps

4.5.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Defective light source. (b) Defective lens. (c) Lamp not securely attached.

4.5.2. Alignment (X) () by operation and using a headlamp aiming device Front fog lamp out of horizontal alignment when the light pattern has cut-off line

4.5.3. Switching Visual inspection and by operation. Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements ().

4.5.4. Compliance with requirements (). Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Lamp, emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements () (b) System does not operate in accordance with the requirements ()

4.6. Reversing lamps

4.6.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Defective light source. (b) Defective lens. (c) Lamp not securely attached.

4.6.2. Compliance with requirements () Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Lamp, emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements (). (b) System does not operate in accordance with the requirements ().

4.6.3. Switching Visual inspection and by operation. Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements ().

4.7. Rear registration plate lamp

4.7.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Lamp throwing direct light to the rear. (b) Defective light source. (c) Lamp not securely attached.

4.7.2. Compliance with requirements () Visual inspection and by operation. System does not operate in accordance with the requirements ().

4.8. Retro-reflectors, conspicuity (retro reflecting) markings and rear marker plates

4.8.1. Condition Visual inspection. (a) Reflecting equipment defective or damaged. (b) Reflector not securely attached.

4.8.2. Compliance with requirements () Visual inspection. Device, reflected colour or position not in accordance with the requirements ().

4.9. Tell-tales mandatory for lighting equipment

4.9.1. Condition and operation Visual inspection and by operation. Not operating.

4.9.2. Compliance with requirements () Visual inspection and by operation. Not in accordance with the requirements ().

4.10. Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer Visual inspection: if possible examine the electrical continuity of the connection. (a) Fixed components not securely attached. (b) Damaged or deteriorated insulation. (c) Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly.

4.11. Electrical wiring Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist, including inside the engine compartment in some cases. (a) Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. (b) Wiring deteriorated (c) Damaged or deteriorated insulation.

4.12. Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) () Visual inspection and by operation. (a) A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements (). (c) Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached.

4.13. Battery(ies) Visual inspection. (a) Insecure. (b) Leaking. (c) Defective switch (if required). (d) Defective fuses (if required). (e) inappropriate ventilation (if required)

5. AXLES, WHEELS, TYRES AND SUSPENSION

5.1. Axles

5.1.1. Axles Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles over 3,5 tonnes gross vehicle mass (GVM). (a) Axle fractured or deformed. (b) Insecure fixing to vehicle. (c) Inappropriate repair or modification.

5.1.2. Stub axles Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles over 3,5 tonnes GVM. Apply a vertical or lateral force to each wheel and note the amount of movement between the axle beam and stub axle. (a) Stub axle fractured. (b) Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes. (c) Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam. (d) Stub axle pin loose in axle.

5.1.3. Wheel bearings Visual inspection with the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles over 3,5 tonnes GVM. Rock the wheel or apply a lateral force to each wheel and note the amount of upward movement of the wheel relative to the stub axle. (a) Excessive play in a wheel bearing. (b) Wheel bearing too tight, jammed.

5.2. Wheels and tyres

5.2.1. Road wheel hub Visual inspection. (a) Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose. (b) Hub worn or damaged

5.2.2. Wheels Visual inspection of both sides of each wheel with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. (a) Any fracture or welding defect (b) Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted. (c) Wheel badly distorted or worn. (d) Wheel size or type not in accordance with the requirements () and effecting road safety

5.2.3. Tyres Visual inspection of the entire tyre by either rotating the road wheel with it off the ground and the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist, or by rolling the vehicle backwards and forwards over a pit. (a) Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed rating not in accordance with the requirements () and effecting road safety (b) Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes. (c) Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/cross-ply). (d) Any serious damage or cut to tyre. (e) Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements (). (f) Tyre rubbing against other components. (g) Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements (). (h) air pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously inoperative

5.3. Suspension system

5.3.1. Springs and stabilizer Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles over 3,5 tonnes GVM. (a) Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle. (b) A damaged or fractured spring component. (c) spring missing (d) inappropriate repair or modification

5.3.2. Shock absorbers Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist or using special equipment, if available. (a) Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle. (b) Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction.

5.3.2.1. efficiency testing of damping (X) () Use special equipment and compare left/right differences and/or absolute values given by manufactures (a) significant difference between left and right (b) given minimum values not reached

5.3.3. Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles over 3,5 tonnes GVM. (a) Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle. (b) A damaged, fractured or excessively corroded component. (c) Inappropriate repair or modification.

5.3.4. Suspension joints Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles over 3,5 tonnes GVM. (a) Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints. (b) Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated.

5.3.5. Air suspension Visual inspection (a) System inoperable. (b) Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system (c) audible system leakage

6. CHASSIS AND CHASSIS ATTACHMENTS

6.1. Chassis or frame and attachments

6.1.1. General condition Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. a) Fracture or deformation of any side or cross member. b) Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings. c) Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly.

6.1.2. Exhaust pipes and silencers Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. a) Insecure or leaking exhaust system. b) Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment.

6.1.3. Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes) Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist, use of leak detecting devices in case of LPG/CNG systems. (a) Insecure tank or pipes. (b) Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap. (c) Damaged or chafed pipes. (d) Fuel stopcock (if required) not operating correctly. (e) Fire risk due to — leaking fuel, — fuel tank or exhaust improperly shielded, — engine compartment condition, (f) LPG/CNG or hydrogen system not in accordance with requirements ().

6.1.4. Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices Visual inspection. (a) Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted. (b) Device obviously not in compliance with the requirements ().

6.1.5. Spare wheel carrier (if fitted) Visual inspection. (a) Carrier not in proper condition (b) Carrier fractured or insecure. (c) A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier and likely to fall off.

6.1.6. Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment Visual inspection for wear and correct operation with special attention to any safety device fitted and/or use of measuring gauge. (a) Component damaged, defective or cracked. (b) Excessive wear in a component. (c) Attachment defective. (d) Any safety device missing or not operating correctly. (e) Any indicator not working. (f) Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use) (g) Inappropriate repair or modification.

6.1.7. Transmission Visual inspection. (a) Loose or missing securing bolts. (b) Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings. (c) Excessive wear in universal joints. (d) Deteriorated flexible couplings. (e) A damaged or bent shaft. (f) Bearing housing fractured or insecure. (g) Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated. (h) Illegal power-train modification

6.1.8. Engine mountings Visual inspection not necessarily on a pit or hoist. Deteriorated, obviously and severely damaged, loose or fractured mountings.

6.1.9. Engine performance Visual inspection (a) Control unit illegal modified (b) illegal engine modification

6.2. Cab and bodywork

6.2.1. Condition Visual inspection. (a) A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury. (b) Insecure body pillar. (c) Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes. (d) Inappropriate repair or modification.

6.2.2. Mounting Visual inspection over a pit or on a hoist. (a) Body or cab insecure. (b) Body/cab obviously not located squarely on chassis. (c) Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross members. (d) Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies.

6.2.3. Doors and door catches Visual inspection. (a) A door will not open or close properly. (b) A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed. (c) Door, hinges, catches, pillar, missing, loose or deteriorated.

6.2.4. Floor Visual inspection over a pit or on a hoist. Floor insecure or badly deteriorated

6.2.5. Driver’s seat Visual inspection. (a) A loose seat or seat with defective structure. (b) Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly.

6.2.6. Other seats Visual inspection. (a) Seats in defective condition or insecure. (b) Seats fitted not in accordance with requirements ().

6.2.7. Driving controls Visual inspection and by operation. Any control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly.

6.2.8. Cab steps Visual inspection. (a) Step or step ring insecure. (b) Step or ring in a condition likely to cause injury to users.

6.2.9. Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment Visual inspection. (a) Attachment of other fitting or equipment defective. (b) Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements (). (c) Leaking hydraulic equipment

6.2.10. Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices Visual inspection. (a) Missing, loose or badly corroded. (b) Insufficient clearance to road wheel. (c) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

7. OTHER EQUIPMENT

7.1. Safety-belts/buckles and restraint systems

7.1.1. Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting Visual inspection. (a) Anchorage point badly deteriorated. (b) Anchorage loose

7.1.2. Condition of safety-belts/buckles. Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Mandatory safety-belt missing or not fitted. (b) Safety-belt damaged. (c) Safety-belt not in accordance with the requirements (). (d) Safety-belt buckle damaged or not functioning correctly. (e) Safety-belt retractor damaged or not functioning correctly.

7.1.3. Safety belt Load limiter Visual inspection Load limiter obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle

7.1.4. Safety belt Pre-tensioners Visual inspection Pre-tensioner obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle

7.1.5. Airbag Visual inspection (a) Airbags obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. (b) Airbag obviously non operative

7.1.6. SRS Systems Visual inspection of MIL SRS MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system

7.2. Fire extinguisher (X) () Visual inspection. (a) Missing. (b) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

7.3. Visual inspection and by operation Visual inspection. (a) Device not functioning to prevent vehicle being driven. (b) Defective or inadvertently locking or blocking

7.4. Warning triangle (if required) (X) () Visual inspection. (a) Missing or incomplete. (b) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

7.5. First aid kit. (if required) (X) () Visual inspection. Missing, incomplete or not in accordance with the requirements ().

7.6. Wheel chocks (wedges) (if required) (X) () Visual inspection. Missing or not in good condition.

7.7. Audible warning device Visual inspection and by operation. (a) Not working. (b) Control insecure. (c) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

7.8. Speedometer Visual inspection or by operation during road test or by electronically means.. (a) Not fitted in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Not operational. (c) Not capable of being illuminated.

7.9. Tachograph (if fitted/required) Visual inspection. (a) Not fitted in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Not operational. (c) Defective or missing seals. (d) Calibration plaque missing, illegible or out of date. (e) Obvious tampering or manipulation. (f) Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters

7.10. Speed limitation device (if fitted/required) Visual inspection and by operation if equipment available. (a) Not fitted in accordance with the requirements (). (b) Obviously not operational. (c) Incorrect set speed (if checked) (d) Defective or missing seals. (e) Calibration plaque missing, illegible or out of date. (f) size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters

7.11. Odometer if available (X) () Visual inspection (a) obviously manipulated (fraud) (b) obviously inoperative

7.12. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required Visual inspection (a) Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged (b) Wirings damaged (c) Other components missing or damaged (d) Switch damaged or not functioning correctly (e) ESC MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system

8. NUISANCE

8.1. Noise

8.1.1. Noise suppression system Subjective evaluation (unless the inspector considers that the noise level may be borderline, in which case a standing noise test using a noise meter may be conducted) (a) Noise levels in excess of those permitted in the requirements (). (b) Any part of the noise suppression system loose, likely to fall off, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels.

8.2. Exhaust emissions

8.2.1. Petrol engine emissions

8.2.1.1. Exhaust emissions control equipment Visual inspection (a) Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent, modified or obviously defective. (b) Leaks which would affect emission measurements

8.2.1.2. Gaseous emissions Measurement using an exhaust gas analyser in accordance with the requirements (). Alternatively, for vehicles equipped with suitable on-board diagnostic systems, the proper functioning of the emission system can be checked by appropriate reading of the OBD device and checks on the proper functioning of the OBD system in place of emission measurements at engine idle in accordance with the manufacturer’s conditioning recommendations and other requirements (). (a) Either, gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer; (b) Or, if this information is not available, the CO emissions exceed, i) for vehicles not controlled by an advanced emission control system, — 4,5 %, or, — 3,5 %, according to the date of first registration or use specified in requirements (). ii) for vehicles controlled by an advanced emission control system, — at engine idle: 0,5 %, — at high idle: 0,3 %, — or — at engine idle: 0,3 % (6) — at high idle: 0,2 %, according to the date of first registration or use specified in requirements (). (c) Lambda outside the range 1 ± 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification (d) OBD readout indicating significant malfunction

8.2.2. Diesel engine emissions

8.2.2.1. Exhaust emission control equipment Visual inspection (a) Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective (b) Leaks which would affect emission measurements

8.2.2.2. Opacity Vehicles registered or put into service before 1 January 1980 are exempted from this requirement (a) Exhaust gas opacity to be measured during free acceleration (no load from idle up to cut-off speed) with gear lever in neutral and clutch engaged. (b) Vehicle preconditioning: 1. Vehicles may be tested without preconditioning although for safety reasons checks should be made that the engine is warm and in a satisfactory mechanical condition. 2. precondition requirements: (i) Engine shall be fully warm, for instance the engine oil temperature measured by a probe in the oil level dipstick tube to be at least 80 °C, or normal operating temperature if lower, or the engine block temperature measured by the level of infrared radiation to be at least an equivalent temperature. If, owing to vehicle configuration, this measurement is impractical, the establishment of the engine’s normal operating temperature may be made by other means, for example by the operation of the engine cooling fan. (ii) Exhaust system shall be purged by at least three free acceleration cycles or by an equivalent method. (c) Test procedure: 1. Engine and any turbocharger fitted, to be at idle before the start of each free acceleration cycle. For heavy-duty diesels, this means waiting for at least 10 seconds after the release of the throttle. 2. To initiate each free acceleration cycle, the throttle pedal must be fully depressed quickly and continuously (in less than one second) but not violently, so as to obtain maximum delivery from the injection pump. 3. During each free acceleration cycle, the engine shall reach cut-off speed or, for vehicles with automatic transmissions, the speed specified by the manufacturer or if this data is not available then two thirds of the cut-off speed, before the throttle is released. This could be checked, for instance, by monitoring engine speed or by allowing a sufficient time to elapse between initial throttle depression and release, which in the case of vehicles of category 1 and 2 of Annex 1, should be at least two seconds. 4. Vehicles shall only be failed if the arithmetic means of at least the last three free acceleration cycles are in excess of the limit value. This may be calculated by ignoring any measurement that departs significantly from the measured mean, or the result of any other statistical calculation that takes account of the scattering of the measurements. Member States may limit the number of test cycles. 5. To avoid unnecessary testing, Member States may fail vehicles which have measured values significantly in excess of the limit values after less than three free acceleration cycles or after the purging cycles. Equally to avoid unnecessary testing, Member States may pass vehicles which have measured values significantly below the limits after less than three free acceleration cycles or after the purging cycles (a) For vehicles registered or put into service for the first time after the date specified in requirements (), opacity exceeds the level recorded on the manufacturer’s plate on the vehicle; (b) Where this information is not available or requirements (). do not allow the use of reference values, for naturally aspirated engines: 2,5 m-1, for turbo-charged engines: 3,0 m-1, or, for vehicles identified in requirements (). or first registered or put into service for the first time after the date specified in requirements (), 1,5 m-1 (7).

8.3. Electromagnetic interference suppression

Radio-interference (X) () Visual examination. Any requirements of the requirements () not met.

8.4. Other items related to the environment

8.4.1. Fluid leaks Visual examination Any excessive fluid leak likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users

9. SUPPLEMENTARY TESTS FOR PASSENGER CARRYING VEHICLES M2, M3

9.1. Doors

9.1.1. Entrance and exit doors Visual inspection and by operation (a) Defective operation (b) Deteriorated condition (c) Defective emergency control (d) Remote control of doors or warning devices defective (e) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

9.1.2. Emergency exits Visual inspection and by operation (where appropriate) (a) defective operation (b) Emergency exits signs missing or illegible (c) Missing hammer to break glass (d) Not in accordance with requirements ().

9.2. Demisting and defrosting system (X) () Visual inspection and by operation (a) Not operating correctly (b) Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver’s or passenger compartment (c) Defective defrosting (if compulsory)

9.3. Ventilation and heating system (X) () Visual inspection and by operation (a) Defective operation (b) Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver’s or passenger compartment

9.4. Seats

9.4.1. Passenger seats (including seats for accompanying personnel) Visual inspection a) Seats in defective condition or insecure b) Folding seats (if allowed) not working automatically c) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

9.4.2. Driver’s seat (additional require-ments) Visual inspection a) Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield or anti-dazzle screen b) Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements ().

9.5. Interior lighting and destination devices (X) () Visual inspection and by operation Device defective or not in accordance with requirements ().

9.6. Gangways, standing areas Visual inspection (a) Insecure floor. (b) Defective rails or grab handles. (c) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

9.7. Stairs and steps Visual inspection and by operation (where appropriate) (a) Deteriorated or damaged condition (b) Retractable steps not operating correctly (c) Not in accordance with requirements ().

9.8. Passenger communication system (X) () Visual inspection and by operation. Defective system

9.9. Notices (X) () Visual inspection. (a) missing, erroneous or illegible notice (b) not in accordance with requirements ().

9.10. Requirements regarding the transport of children. (X) ()

9.10.1. Doors Visual inspection Protection of doors not in accordance with the requirements (). regarding this form of transport.

9.10.2. Signalling and special equipment Visual inspection Signalling or special equipment absent or not in accordance with requirements ().

9.11. Requirements regarding the transport of disabled persons (X) ()

9.11.1. Doors, ramps and lifts Visual inspection and by operation (a) Defective operation. (b) Deteriorated condition. (c) Defective control(s). (d) Defective warning device(s). (e) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

9.11.2. Wheelchair fixings Visual inspection and by operation if appropriate (a) Defective operation. (b) Deteriorated condition. (c) Defective control(s). (d) Not in accordance with the requirements ().

9.11.3. Signalling and special equipment Visual inspection Signalling or special equipment absent or not in accordance with requirements ().

9.12. Other special equipment (X) ()

9.12.1. Installations for food preparation Visual inspection (a) installation not in accordance with the requirements (). (b) installation damaged to such an extent that it would be dangerous to use it.

9.12.2. Sanitary installation Visual inspection Installation not in accordance with the requirements ().

9.12.3. Other devices (e.g. audiovisual systems) Visual inspection Not in accordance with the requirements ().