1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of3December 1982
on procedures for the surveillance andmonitoring of environments concerned by waste from the
titaniumdioxideindustry
(82/883/EEC)
(OJ L 378, 31.12.1982, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►A1Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal L 302 23 15.11.1985
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of3December 1982
onproceduresforthesurveillanceandmonitoringofenvironments
concerned bywastefromthetitaniumdioxideindustry
(82/883/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Articles 100 and 235 thereof,
Having regard to Council Directive 78/176/EEC of 20 February 1978
on waste from the titanium dioxide industry(1), and in particular
Article 7 (3) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(3),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(4),
Whereas, irrespective of the method and extent of the treatment of
wastes from the titanium dioxide industry, the discharge, dumping,storage on, tipping on or injection into the ground of such wastes
must be accompanied by measures for the surveillance and monitoring
of the environments concerned from a physical, chemical, biologicaland ecological point of view;
Whereas, in order to monitor the quality of these environments,
samples should be taken with a minimum frequency so that the para-meters specified in the Annexes may be measured; whereas thenumber of these sampling operations could be reduced in the light ofthe results obtained; whereas, to ensure that the monitoring is effective,
samples should also be taken if possible in a zone deemed to be unaf-
fected by the discharges in question;
Whereas, in connection with the analyses carried out by the Member
States, common reference methods of measurement should be fixedfor determining the parametric values which define the physical,chemical, biological and ecological characteristics of the environmentsconcerned;
Whereas, for the surveillance and monitoring of the environments
affected, Member States may at any time lay down other parameters
in addition to those laid down by this Directive;
Whereas it is necessary to define the details of the methods of surveil-
lance and monitoring which Member States communicate to the
Commission; whereas the Commission shall, with the prior agreementof the Member States, publish a consolidated report on these details;
Whereas in certain natural circumstances it may prove difficult to carry
out the surveillance and monitoring operations, and, accordingly, provi-sion must be made for derogation, in certain cases, from this Directive;
Whereas technical and scientific progress may require the rapid adjust-
ment of certain of the provisions contained in the Annex; whereas tofacilitate implementation of the requisite measures a procedure should
be laid down to establishclose cooperation between th e Member States
and the Commission through a committee on adaptation to scientificand technical progress,1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No L 54, 25. 2. 1978, p. 19.
(2) OJ No C 356, 31. 12. 1980, p. 32 and OJ No C 187, 22. 7. 1982, p. 10.
(3) OJ No C 149, 14. 6. 1982, p. 101.
(4) OJ No C 230, 10. 9. 1981, p. 5.
▼B
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
This Directive lays down, pursuant to Article 7 (3) of Directive 78/176/
EEC, the procedures for the surveillance and monitoring of the effectson the environment, having regard to its physical, chemical, biologicaland ecological aspects, of the discharge, dumping, storage on, tipping
on or injection into the ground of waste from the titanium dioxide
industry.
Article 2
For the purpose of this Directive:
— ‘environments affected’ means the water, the land surface and
underground strata and the air in or into which waste from the tita-nium dioxide industry is discharged, dumped, stored, tipped orinjected,
— ‘sampling point’ means the point at which samples are taken.
Article 3
1. The parameters applicable for the surveillance and monitoring
referred to in Article 1 are specified in the Annexes.
2. Where a parameter appears in the ‘mandatory determination’
column in the Annexes, sampling and analysis of the samples must becarried out in respect of the environmental components indicated.
3. Where a parameter appears in the ‘optional determination’
column in the Annexes, the Member States shall, if they consider itnecessary, have the sampling and analysis of samples carried out for
the environmental components indicated.
Article 4
1. Member States shall carry out surveillance and monitoring of the
environments affected and of a neighbouring zone deemed to be unaf-
fected, special account being taken of local environmental factors and
the manner of disposal, i.e. whether intermittent or continuous.
2. Except where otherwise specified in the Annexes, Member States
shall determine on a case-by-case basis the exact sites from whichsamples are to be taken, the distance of these sites from the nearestpollutant disposal point and the depth or height at which the samplesmust be taken.
The samples must be taken at the same location and depth and under
the same conditions in the course of successive sampling operations,
for example in the case of tidal waters, at the same time in relation tohigh tide, tidal coefficient.
3. For the monitoring and inspection of the environments affected,
Member States shall determine the frequency of sampling and analysisfor eachparameter listed in th e Annexes.
For parameters where determination is mandatory, the frequency of
sampling and analysis must not be less than the minimum frequenciesindicated in the Annexes. However, once the behaviour, fate and
effects of the waste have, as far as possible, been established, and
provided there is no significant deterioration in the quality of the envir-onment, Member States may provide for a frequency of sampling andanalysis below these frequencies. Should there subsequently be anysignificant deterioration in the quality of the environment as a result
of the waste or of any change in the disposal operation, the Member
State shall revert to sampling and analysis at a frequency not less thanthat specified in the Annexes. If a Member State considers it necessaryor advisable, it may distinguishbetween different parameters, applyingthis subparagraph to those parameters where no significant deteriora-tion in the quality of the environment has been recorded.1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 3
▼B
4. For the monitoring and inspection of an appropriate neighbouring
zone deemed to be unaffected, the laying down of the frequency ofsampling and analysis shall be assessed by the Member States. When
a Member State finds that it is not possible to identify such a neigh-
bouring zone, it shall inform the Commission to that effect.
Article 5
1. The reference methods of measurement for determining the para-
metric values are specified in the Annexes. Laboratories using othermethods must ensure that the results obtained are comparable.
2. The containers used to carry the samples, the agents or methods
used to preserve a part sample witha view to analysis of one or moreparameters, the transport and storage of samples and their preparationfor analysis must be such that they do not significantly affect the analy-
tical results.
Article 6
For the surveillance and monitoring of the environments affected,
Member States may, at any time, lay down other parameters in addition
to those laid down by this Directive.
Article 7
1. The report which the Member States are required to forward to
the Commission pursuant to Article 14 of Directive 78/176/EEC shall
contain details of the surveillance and monitoring operations carriedout by the bodies appointed in accordance with Article 7 (2) of thatDirective. These details shall, in respect of each environment affected,include the following information:
— a description of the sampling point, including its permanent
features, which may be coded, and other administrative and geogra-phical information. This information shall be provided only oncewhen the sampling point is designated,
— a description of the sampling methods used,— the results of the measurements of the parameters whose determina-
tion is mandatory and, where Member States consider it useful, alsothose of parameters whose determination is optional,
— the methods of measurement and analysis used and, where appro-
priate, their limit of detection, accuracy and precision,
— changes, adopted in accordance with Article 4 (3), in the frequency
of sampling and analysis.
2. The first set of data to be communicated pursuant to paragraph 1
shall be that gathered during the third year following notification ofthis Directive.
3. The Commission shall, with the prior agreement of the Member
State concerned, publisha summary of th e information supplied to it.
4. The Commission shall assess the effectiveness of the procedure
for the surveillance and monitoring of the environments affected and
shall — no later than six years after notification of this Directive —
place before the Council, if appropriate, proposals to improve thisprocedure and, if necessary, to harmonize the methods of measurementincluding their limit of detection, accuracy and precision and thesampling methods.
Article 8
Member States may derogate from this Directive in the event of
flooding or natural disaster or on account of exceptional weather condi-tions.1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 4
▼B
Article 9
The requisite amendments to adapt the contents of the Annexes as
regards:
— parameters listed in the ‘optional determination’ column,
— reference methods of measurement,
to scientific and technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with
the procedure laid down in Article 11.
Article 10
1. A committee on adaptation to technical progress (hereinafter
referred to as ‘the committee’), consisting of representatives of theMember States and chaired by a Commission representative, is herebyset up.
2. The committee shall draw up its rules of procedure.
Article 11
1. Where the procedure laid down in this Article is to be followed,
the matter shall be referred to the committee by its chairman, either onhis own initiative or at the request of the representative of a Member
State.
2. The Commission representative shall submit to the committee a
draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall give its opinionon the draft within a time limit set by the chairman having regard tothe urgency of the matter. Opinions shall be delivered by a majorityof►
A1fifty-four ◄votes, the votes of the Member States being
weighted as provided in Article 148 (2) of the Treaty. The chairman
shall not vote.
3. (a) Where the measures envisaged are in accordance with the
opinion of the committee, the Commission shall adopt them.
(b) Where the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the
opinion of the committee, or if no opinion is delivered, theCommission shall, without delay, submit to the Council a
proposal on the measues to be taken. The Council shall act by
a qualified majority.
(c) If the Council has not acted within three months of the propo-
sals being submitted to it, the proposed measures shall beadopted by the Commission.
Article 12
Point (c) of Article 8 (1) of Directive 78/176/EEC is hereby replaced
by the following:
‘(c) if the results of the monitoring which the Member States are
obliged to carry out on the environment concerned reveal a
deterioration in the area under consideration, or’.
Article 13
Where waste elimination requires that, in accordance with Article 4 (1)
of Directive 78/176/EEC, the competent authorities of more than oneMember State should issue prior authorizations, the Member Statesinvolved shall consult each other on the content and the implementa-tion of the monitoring programme.
Article 14
1. The Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations
and administrative provisions necessary to comply withth is Directivewithin two years following its notification. They shall forthwith informthe Commission thereof.1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 5
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2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of
the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the fieldgoverned by this Directive.
Article 15
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 6
ANNEX I
METHODOFWASTEDISPOSAL:DISCHARGEINTOAIR
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyComments
mandatorily optionally
Air Sulphur dioxide
(SO2)(1)
Chlorine (2)Dust Continuously 1. Region withsurveillance by an existing air
pollution surveillance network withat least
one station near the production site giving
representative readings for pollution
emanating from the site
12(3) 2. Region withno surveillance network.
Measurement of total amounts of gaseous
discharges emitted by the production site.
Where a site has a number of discharge
sources, sequential measurements may be
made.
The reference method of measurement for
sulphur dioxide is that given in Annex III
to Council Directive 80/779/EEC of 15 July
1980 on air quality limit values and guide
values for sulphur dioxide and suspended
particulates (OJ No L 229, 30. 8. 1980, p.
30)
(1) If the production process used is the sulphate process.
(2) To be used once measuring technology allows continuous measurements to be carried out and where the chlorine process is used.
(3) The figures must be sufficiently representative and significant.▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 7
ANNEX II
METHODOFWASTEDISPOSAL:DISCHARGEINTOORIMMERSIONINSALTWATER
(estuarine,coastal,opensea)
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
Watercolumn
Non-filtered sea
water (1)Temperature
(ºC)3 Thermometry. Measurement is to be carried out
on the spot at the time of sampling
Salinity
(‰)3 Conductimetry
pH
(pH unit)3 Electrometry. Measurement is to be carried out
on the spot at the time of sampling
Dissolved O2
(mg/O2dissolved/l)3 — Winkler method
— Electrochemical method
Turbidity
(mg solids/l)
or
suspended matter(mg/l)3 For turbidity: turbidimetry
For suspended matter: gravimetry
— Weighing after filtration through 0·45 µm
pore size membrane filter and drying at
105 ºC
— Weighing after centrifugation (minimum
time five minutes, average acceleration
2800 to 3 200 g) and drying at 105º C
Fe (dissolved and in
suspension)
(mg/l)3 After the sample has been appropriately
prepared, determination by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry or by molecular absorption
spectrophotometry
Cr, total Cd, total Hg
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti V, Mn, Ni, Zn 3 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 8
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
(mg/l) (mg/l)
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Sea water filtered
through 0·45 µm pore
size membrane filter (1)Dissolved Fe
(mg/l)3 Determination by atomic absorption spectro-
photometry or by molecular absorption spectro-
photometry
Cr, Cd, Hg
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Zn
(mg/l)3 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Suspended solids
remaining in 0·45 µm
pore size membrane
filterTotal Fe
(mg/l)Cr, Cd, Hg
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Zn
(mg/l)3 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Hydrated oxides and
hydroxides of iron
(mg Fe/l)3 Extraction of the sample under appropriate acid
conditions; measurement by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry or by molecular absorption
spectrophotometry.
The same method of acid extraction must be
used for all samples coming from the same site
Sediments
In the top layer of sedi-Total Ti, Fe
(mg/kg dry matter)V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu,
Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb1 Identical methods to those for measurements in
the water column.▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 9
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
ment as near the
surface as possible(mg/kg dry matter) After appropriate preparation of the sample
(wet or dry mineralization and purification).
The quantities of metals must be measured for
a specific range of particle sizes
Hydrated oxides and
hydroxides of iron
(mg Fe/kg)1 Identical methods to those for measurements in
the water column
Livingorganisms
Species representative
of the site:
benthic fish and inver-
tebrates or other appro-
priate species (2)Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb
(mg/kg wet and dry
weight)V, Mn, Cu, Cd, Hg
(mg/kg wet and dry
weight)1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry after
appropriate preparation of the composite
sample of ground flesh(wet or dry mineraliza-
tion and purification)
— For fish, the metals must be measured in
muscle or other appropriate tissue; the
sample must consist of at least 10 speci-
mens
— For molluscs and crustaceans, the metals
must be measured in the flesh. The sample
must consist of at least 50 specimens
Benthic fauna Diversity and relative
abundance1 Qualitative and quantitative classification of
representative species, indicating the specimen
count per species, density, dominance
Planktonic fauna Diversity and relative
abundance1 Qualitative and quantitative classification of
representative species, indicating the specimen
count per species, density, dominance
Flora Diversity and relative
abundance1 Qualitative and quantitative classification of
representative species, indicating the specimen
count per species, density, dominance
Fishin particular Presence of morbid
anatomical lesions in
fish1 Visual inspection of samples of the representa-
tive species taken for chemical analysis▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 10
(1) Member States may choose whether to analyse non-filtered or filtered water for substances under ‘Parameters’.
(2) Species representative of the site of discharge in particular in terms of their sensitivity to bioaccumulation, e.g. Mytilus edulis, crangon crang on, flounder, plaice, cod,
mackerel, red mullet, herring, sole (or other appropriate benthic species).▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 11
ANNEX III
METHODOFWASTEDISPOSAL:DISCHARGEINTOFRESHSURFACEWATER
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
Watercolumn (1)
Non-filtered fresh
waterTemperature
(ºC)3 Thermometry. Measurement is to be carried out
on the spot at the time of sampling
Conductivity at 20 ºC
(µS cm−1)3 Electrometric measurement
pH
(pH unit)3 Electrometry. Measurement is to be carried out
on the spot at the time of sampling
Dissolved O2
(dissolved mg O2/l)3 — Winkler method
— Electrochemical method
Turbidity
(mg solids/l or
suspended matter
(mg/l)3 For turbidity: turbidimetry
For suspended matter: gravimetry
— Weighing after filtration through 0·45 µm
membrane filter and drying at 105 ºC
— Weighing after centrifugation (minimum
time five minutes, and average acceleration
2800 to 3 200 g) and drying at 105 ºC▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 12
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
Non-filtered fresh
water (2)Fe (dissolved and in
suspension)
(mg/l)3 After the sample has been appropriatelypre-
pared, determination by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry or by molecular absorption
spectrophotometry
Cr, total Cd, total Hg
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti
(mg/l)V, Mn, Ni, Zn
(mg/l)3 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Freshwater filtered
through 0·45 µm pore
size membrane filter (2)dissolved Fe
(mg/l)3 Measurement by atomic absorption spectropho-
tometry or by molecular absorption spectropho-
tometry
Cr, Cd, Hg
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Sn
(mg/l)3 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 13
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
Suspended solids
remaining in 0·45 µm
pore size membrane
filterFe
(mg/l)Cr, Cd, Hg
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Zn
(mg/l)3 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)3 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Hydrated oxides and
hydroxides of iron
(mg Fe/l)3 Extraction of the sample under appropriate acid
conditions, measurement by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry or by molecular absorption
spectrophotometry.
The same method of acid extraction must be
used for all samples coming from the same site
Sediments
In the top layer of sedi-
ment, as near the
surface as possibleTi, Fe
(mg/kg dry matter)V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu,
Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb
(mg/kg dry matter)1 Identical methods to those for measurements in
the water column.
After appropriate preparation of the sample
(wet or dry mineralization and purification).
The quantities of metals must be measured for
a specific range of particle sizes
Hydrated oxides and
hydroxides of iron
(mg Fe/kg)1 Identical methods to those for measurements in
the water column
Livingorganisms
Species representative
of the siteTi, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb
(mg/kg wet and dry
weight)V, Mn, Cu, Cd, Hg
(mg/kg wet and dry
weight)1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry after
appropriate preparation of the composite
sample of ground flesh(wet or dry mineraliza-
tion and purification)
— For fish, the metals must be measured in
muscle or other appropriate tissue; the
sample must consist of at least 10 speci-
mens
— For molluscs and crustaceans, the metals
must be measured in the flesh. The sample
must consist of at least 50 specimens▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 14
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of measurement
mandatorily optionally
Benthic fauna Diversity and relative
abundance1 Qualitative and quantitative classification of
representative species, indicating the specimen
count per species, density, dominance
Planktonic fauna Diversity and relative
abundance1 Qualitative and quantitative classification of
representative species, indicating the specimen
count per species, density, dominance
Flora Diversity and relative
abundance1 Qualitative and quantitative classification of
representative species, indicating the specimen
count per species, density, dominance
Fishin particular Presence of morbid
anatomical lesions in
fish1 Visual inspection of samples of the representa-
tive species taken for chemical analysis
(1) Samples must be taken at the same time of the year and if possible at a depth of 50 cm below the surface.
(2) Member States may choose whether to analyse non-filtered or filtered water for substances under ‘Parameters’.▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 15
ANNEX IV
METHODOFWASTEDISPOSAL:STORAGEANDDUMPINGONLAND
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling and analysis
frequencyReference method of analysis
mandatorily optionally
1.Unfiltered surface
wateraround the
site in the area
affected by the
storage and at a
point outside this
area (1)(2)(3)
2.Unfiltered ground-
wateraround the
site including,
where necessary,
outflow points (1)(2)pH
(pH unit)1 Electrometry. Measurement is to be carried out
at the time of sampling
SO4(4)
(mg/l)1 — Gravimetry
— Complexometric titration withEDTA
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti (5)
(mg/l)V, Mn, Ni, Zn
(mg/l)1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Fe(6)
(mg/l)Cr
(mg/l)1 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ca
(mg/l)1 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Complexometric titration
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)1 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Cl (5)
(mg/l)1 Titrimetry (Mohr method)
Environment of the
storage and dumping
siteVisual inspection of:
— topography and
site management
— effect on subsoil— ecology of the
site1 Methods to be chosen by Member States▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 16
(1) Sampling must be carried out at the same time of year.
(2) When monitoring surface water and groundwater, particular attention is to be paid to any matter carried by running water from the waste storage area.
(3) Sampling must be carried out 50 cm beneath the surface of the water, if possible.
(4) Mandatory determination where storage or dumping contains waste from the sulphate process.
(5) Mandatory determination where storage or dumping contains waste from the chlorine process.
(6) Also includes the measurement of Fe in the filtrate (suspended solids).▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 17
ANNEX V
METHODOFWASTEDISPOSAL:INJECTIONINTOSOIL
ComponentsParameters to be determined Minimum annual
sampling frequency and
analysisReference method of analysis
mandatorily optionally
1.Unfiltered surface
wateraround the
site in the zone
affected by the
injection
2.Unfiltered ground-
wateraround the
site including out-
flow pointspH
(pH unit)1 Electrometry. Measurement is to be carried out
at the time of sampling
SO4(1)
(mg/l)1 — Gravimetry
— Complexometric titration withEDTA
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ti (2)
(mg/l)V, Mn, Ni, Zn
(mg/l)1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Fe(3)
(mg/l)Cr
(mg/l)1 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
Ca
(mg/l)1 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Complexometric titration
Cu, Pb
(mg/l)1 — Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
— Polarography
Cl (2)
(mg/l)1 Titrimetry (Mohr method)
Environment
TopographyGround stability 1 Photographic and topographic survey
Permeability
Porosity1 Pumping tests
Well-logging
(1) Mandatory determination where waste from the sulphate process is injected into soil.
(2) Mandatory determination where waste from the chlorine process is injected into soil.
(3) Also includes the measurement of Fe in the filtrate (suspended solids).▼B1982L0883 — EN — 01.01.1986 — 001.001 — 18