E 420 (i) — SORBITOL

Synonyms D-glucitol, D-sorbitol

Definition

Chemical name D-glucitol

Einecs 200-061-5

Chemical formula C6H14O6

Relative molecular mass 182,17

Assay Content not less than 97 % of total glycitols and not less than 91 % of D-sorbitol on dry weight basis. Glycitols are compounds with the structural formula CH2OH-(CHOH)n-CH2OH, where ‘n’ is an integer

Description White hygroscopic powder, crystalline powder, flakes or granules having a sweet taste

Identification

A. Solubility Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol

B. Melting range 88 to 102 °C

C. Sorbitol monobenzylidene derivative To 5 g of the sample add 7 ml of methanol, 1 ml of benzaldehyde and 1 ml of hydrochloric acid. Mix and shake in a mechanical shaker until crystals appear. Filter with the aid of suction, dissolve the crystals in 20 ml of boiling water containing 1 g of sodium bicarbonate, filter while hot, cool the filtrate, filter with suction, wash with 5 ml of methanol-water mixture (1 in 2) and dry in air. The crystals so obtained melt between 173 and 179 °C

Purity

Water content Not more than 1 % (Karl Fischer method)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,3 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Total sugars Not more than 1 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Chlorides Not more than 50 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

E 420 (ii) — SORBITOL SYRUP

Synonyms D-glucitol syrup

Definition

Chemical name Sorbitol syrup formed by hydrogenation of glucose syrup is composed of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol and hydrogenated saccharides. The part of the product which is not D-sorbitol is composed mainly of hydrogenated oligosaccharides formed by the hydrogenation of glucose syrup used as raw material (in which case the syrup is non-crystallising) or mannitol. Minor quantities of glycitols where n ≤ 4 may be present. Glycitols are compounds with the structural formula CH2OH-(CHOH)n-CH2OH, where ‘n’ is an integer

Einecs 270-337-8

Assay Content not less than 69 % total solids and not less than 50 % of D-sorbitol on the anhydrous basis

Description Clear colourless and sweet-tasting aqueous solution

Identification

A. Solubility Miscible with water, with glycerol, and with propane-1,2-diol

B. Melting range To 5 g of the sample add 7 ml of methanol, 1 ml of benzaldehyde and 1 ml of hydrochloric acid. Mix and shake in a mechanical shaker until crystals appear. Filter with the aid of suction, dissolve the crystals in 20 ml of boiling water containing 1 g of sodium bicarbonate, filter while hot. Cool the filtrate filter with suction, wash with 5 ml of methanol-water mixture (1 in 2) and dry in air. The crystals so obtained melt between 173 and 179 °C

Purity

Water content Not more than 31 % (Karl Fischer method)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,3 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Chlorides Not more than 50 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

E 421 — MANNITOL

(I) MANNITOL

Synonyms D-mannitol

Definition Manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of carbohydrate solutions containing glucose and/or fructose

Chemical name D-mannitol

Einecs 200-711-8

Chemical formula C6H14O6

Molecular weight 182,2

Assay Content not less than 96,0 % D-mannitol and not more than 102 % on the dried basis

Description White, odourless, crystalline powder

Identification

A. Solubility Soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol, practically insoluble in ether

B. Melting range Between 164 and 169 °C

C. Thin layer chromatography Passes test

D. Specific rotation [α] 20 D: + 23 ° to + 25 ° (borate solution)

E. pH Between 5 and 8 Add 0,5 ml of a saturated solution of potassium chloride to 10 ml of a 10 % w/v solution of the sample, then measure the pH

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 0,3 % (105 °C, four hours)

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,3 % (as glucose)

Total sugars Not more than 1 % (as glucose)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 %

Chlorides Not more than 70 mg/kg

Sulphate Not more than 100 mg/kg

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

(II) MANNITOL MANUFACTURED BY FERMENTATION

Synonyms D-mannitol

Definition Manufactured by discontinuous fermentation under aerobic conditions using a conventional strain of the yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Chemical name D-mannitol

Einecs 200-711-8

Chemical formula C6H14O6

Molecular weight 182,2

Assay Not less than 99 % on the dried basis

Description White, odourless crystalline powder

Identification

A. Solubility Soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol, practically insoluble in ether

B. Melting range Between 164 and 169 °C

C. Thin layer chromatography Passes test

D. Specific rotation [α] 20 D: + 23 ° to + 25 ° (borate solution)

E. pH Between 5 and 8 Add 0,5 ml of a saturated solution of potassium chloride to 10 ml of a 10 % w/v solution of the sample, then measure the pH

Purity

Arabitol Not more than 0,3 %

Loss on drying Not more than 0,3 % (105 °C, four hours)

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,3 % (as glucose)

Total sugars Not more than 1 % (as glucose)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 %

Chlorides Not more than 70 mg/kg

Sulphate Not more than 100 mg/kg

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

Aerobic mesophilic bacteria Not more than 103/g

Coliforms Absent in 10 g

Salmonella Absent in 10 g

E. Coli Absent in 10 g

Staphylococcus aureus Absent in 10 g

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Absent in 10 g

Moulds Not more than 100/g

Yeasts Not more than 100/g

E 950 — ACESULFAME K

Synonyms Acesulfame potassium, potassium salt of 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-one,2,2-dioxide

Definition

Chemical name 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide potassium salt

Einecs 259-715-3

Chemical formula C4H4KNO4S

Molecular weight 201,24

Assay Content not less than 99 % of C4H4KNO4S on the anhydrous basis

Description Odourless, white, crystalline powder. Approximately 200 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

A. Solubility Very soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol

B. Ultraviolet absorption Maximum 227 ± 2 nm for a solution of 10 mg in 1 000 ml of water

C. Positive test for potassium Passes test (test the residue obtained by igniting 2 g of the sample)

D. Precipitation test Add a few drops of a 10 % solution of sodium cobalt nitrite to a solution of 0,2 g of the sample in 2 ml of acetic acid and 2 ml of water. A yellow precipitate is produced

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 1 % (105 °C, two hours)

Organic impurities Passes test for 20 mg/kg of UV active components

Fluoride Not more than 3 mg/kg

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 951 — ASPARTAME

Synonyms Aspartyl phenylalanine methyl ester

Definition

Chemical name N-L-α-(Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester, 3-amino-N-(α-carbomethoxy-phenethyl)-succinamic acid-N-methyl ester

Einecs 245-261-3

Chemical formula C14H18N2O5

Relative molecular mass 294,31

Assay Not less than 98 % and not more than 102 % of C14H18N2O5 on the anhydrous basis

Description White, odourless, crystalline powder having a sweet taste. Approximately 200 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

Solubility Slightly soluble in water and in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 4,5 % (105 °C, four hours)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % expressed on dry weight basis

pH Between 4,5 and 6,0 (1 in 125 solution)

Transmittance The transmittance of a 1 % solution in 2N hydrochloric acid, determined in a 1-cm cell at 430 nm with a suitable spectrophotometer, using 2N hydrochloric acid as a reference, is not less than 0,95, equivalent to an absorbance of not more than approximately 0,022

Specific rotation [α]D 20: + 14,5 to + 16,5 ° Determine in a 4 in 100/15 N formic acid solution within 30 minutes after preparation of the sample solution

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazineacetic acid Not more than 1,5 % expressed on dry weight basis

E 952 — CYCLAMIC ACID AND ITS Na AND Ca SALTS

(I) CYCLAMIC ACID

Synonyms Cyclohexylsulphamic acid, cyclamate

Definition

Chemical name Cyclohexanesulphamic acid, cyclohexylaminosulphonic acid

Einecs 202-898-1

Chemical formula C6H13NO3S

Relative molecular mass 179,24

Assay Cyclohexylsulphamic acid contains not less than 98 % and not more than the equivalent of 102 % of C6H13NO3S, calculated on the anhydrous basis

Description A practically colourless, white crystalline powder with a sweet-sour taste. Approximately 40 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

A. Solubility Soluble in water and in ethanol

B. Precipitation test Acidify a 2 % solution with hydrochloric acid, add 1 ml of an approximately molar solution of barium chloride in water and filter if any haze or precipitate forms. To the clear solution add 1 ml of a 10 % solution of sodium nitrite. A white precipitate forms.

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 1 % (105 °C, one hour)

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed as selenium on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Cyclohexylamine Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Dicyclohexylamine Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Aniline Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

(II) SODIUM CYCLAMATE

Synonyms Cyclamate, sodium salt of cyclamic acid

Definition

Chemical name Sodium cyclohexanesulphamate, sodium cyclohexylsulphamate

Einecs 205-348-9

Chemical formula C6H12NNaO3S and the dihydrate form C6H12NNaO3S·2H2O

Relative molecular mass 201,22 calculated on the anhydrous form 237,22 calculated on the hydrated form

Assay Not less than 98 % and not more than 102 % on the dried basis Dihydrate form: not less than 84 % on the dried basis

Description White, odourless crystals or crystalline powder. Approximately 30 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

Solubility Soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 1 % (105 °C, one hour) Not more than 15,2 % (105 °C, two hours) for the dihydrate form

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed as selenium on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

Cyclohexylamine Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Dicyclohexylamine Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Aniline Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

(III) CALCIUM CYCLAMATE

Synonyms Cyclamate, calcium salt of cyclamic acid

Definition

Chemical name Calcium cyclohexanesulphamate, calcium cyclohexylsulphamate

Einecs 205-349-4

Chemical formula C12H24CaN2O6S2·2H2O

Relative molecular mass 432,57

Assay Not less than 98 % and not more than 101 % on the dried basis

Description White, colourless crystals or crystalline powder. Approximately 30 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

Solubility Soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 1 % (105 °C, one hour) Not more than 8,5 % (140 °C, four hours) for the dihydrate form

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed as selenium on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

Cyclohexylamine Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Dicyclohexylamine Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Aniline Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 953 — ISOMALT

Synonyms Hydrogenated isomaltulose, hydrogenated palatinose.

Definition

Chemical name Isomalt is a mixture of hydrogenated mono- and disaccharides whose principal components are the disaccharides: 6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,6-GPS) and 1-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate (1,1-GPM)

Chemical formula 6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol: C12H24O11 1-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate: C12H24O11.2H2O

Relative molecular mass 6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol: 344,32 1-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate: 380,32

Assay Content not less than 98 % of hydrogenated mono- and disaccharides and not less than 86 % of the mixture of 6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol and 1-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate determined on the anhydrous basis.

Description Odourless, white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline mass.

Identification

A. Solubility Soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol.

B. Thin layer chromatography Examine by thin layer chromatography using a plate coated with an approximately 0,2 mm layer of chromatographic silica gel. The principal spots in the chromatogram are those of 1,1-GPM and 1,6-GPS.

Purity

Water content Not more than 7 % (Karl Fischer Method)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % expressed on dry weight basis

D-Mannitol Not more than 3 %

D-Sorbitol Not more than 6 %

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,3 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis.

E 954 — SACCHARIN AND ITS Na, K AND Ca SALTS

(I) SACCHARIN

Definition

Chemical name 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo(d)isothiazol-1,1-dioxide

Einecs 201-321-0

Chemical formula C7H5NO3S

Relative molecular mass 183,18

Assay Not less than 99 % and not more than 101 % of C7H5NO3S on the anhydrous basis

Description White crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint, aromatic odour, having a sweet taste even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

Solubility Slightly soluble in water, soluble in basic solutions, sparingly soluble in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 1 % (105 °C, two hours)

Melting range 226 to 230 °C

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % expressed on dry weight basis

Benzoic and salicylic acid To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears

o-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

p-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Readily carbonisable substances Absent

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

(II) SODIUM SACCHARIN

Synonyms Saccharin, sodium salt of saccharin

Definition

Chemical name Sodium o-benzosulphimide, sodium salt of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole, oxobenzisosulphonazole, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1, 1-dioxide sodium salt dihydrate

Einecs 204-886-1

Chemical formula C7H4NNaO3S·2H2O

Relative molecular mass 241,19

Assay Not less than 99 % and not more than 101 % of C7H4NNaO3S on the anhydrous basis

Description White crystals or a white crystalline efflorescent powder, odourless or with a faint odour, having an intensely sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose in dilute solutions

Identification

Solubility Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (120 °C, four hours)

Benzoic and salicylic acid To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears

o-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

p-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Readily carbonisable substances Absent

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

(III) CALCIUM SACCHARIN

Synonyms Saccharin, calcium salt of saccharin

Definition

Chemical name Calcium o-benzosulphimide, calcium salt of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide calcium salt hydrate (2:7)

Einecs 229-349-9

Chemical formula C14H8CaN2O6S2·3 H 2 O

Relative molecular mass 467,48

Assay Not less than 95 % of C14H8CaN2O6S2 on the anhydrous basis

Description White crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint odour, having an intensely sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose in dilute solutions

Identification

Solubility Freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 13,5 % (120 °C, four hours)

Benzoic and salicylic acid To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears

o-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

p-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Readily carbonisable substances Absent

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

(IV) POTASSIUM SACCHARIN

Synonyms Saccharin, potassium salt of saccharin

Definition

Chemical name Potassium o-benzosulphimide, potassium salt of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole, potassium salt of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide monohydrate

Einecs

Chemical formula C7H4KNO3S·H2O

Relative molecular mass 239,77

Assay Not less than 99 % and not more than 101 % of C7H4KNO3S on the anhydrous basis

Description White crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint odour, having an intensely sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

Solubility Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 8 % (120 °C, four hours)

Benzoic and salicylic acid To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears

o-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

p-Toluenesulphonamide Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Readily carbonisable substances Absent

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 955 — SUCRALOSE

Synonyms 4,1′,6′-Trichlorogalactosucrose

Definition

Chemical name 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside

Einecs 259-952-2

Chemical formula C12H19Cl3O8

Molecular weight 397,64

Assay Content not less than 98 % and not more than 102 % C12H19Cl3O8 calculated on an anhydrous basis.

Description White to off-white, practically odourless, crystalline powder.

Identification

A. Solubility Freely soluble in water, methanol and ethanol Slightly soluble in ethyl acetate

B. Infrared absorption The infrared spectrum of a potassium bromide dispersion of the sample exhibits relative maxima at similar wave numbers as those shown in the reference spectrum obtained using a sucralose reference standard.

C. Thin layer chromatography The main spot in the test solution has the same Rf value as that of the main spot of standard solution A referred to in the test for other chlorinated disaccharides. This standard solution is obtained by dissolving 1,0g of sucralose reference standard in 10 ml of methanol.

D. Specific rotation [α] 20 D + 84,0 ° to + 87,5 ° calculated on the anhydrous basis (10 % w/v solution)

Purity

Water Not more than 2,0 % (Karl Fischer method)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,7 %

Other chlorinated disaccharides Not more than 0,5 %

Chlorinated monosaccharides Not more than 0,1 %

Triphenylphosphine oxide Not more than 150 mg/kg

Methanol Not more than 0,1 %

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 957 — THAUMATIN

Synonyms

Definition

Chemical name Thaumatin is obtained by aqueous extraction (pH 2,5 to 4) of the arils of the fruit of the natural strain of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth) and consists essentially of the proteins thaumatin I and thaumatin II together with minor amounts of plant constituents derived from the source material

Einecs 258-822-2

Chemical formula Polypeptide of 207 amino acids

Relative molecular mass Thaumatin I 22209 Thaumatin II 22293

Assay Not less than 16 % nitrogen on the dried basis equivalent to not less than 94 % proteins (N × 5,8)

Description Odourless, cream-coloured powder with an intensely sweet taste. Approximately 2 000 to 3 000 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

Solubility Very soluble in water, insoluble in acetone

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 9 % (105 °C to constant weight)

Carbohydrates Not more than 3 % expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphated ash Not more than 2 % expressed on dry weight basis

Aluminium Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Microbiological criteria Total aerobic microbial count: Max 1 000/g E. Coli: absent in 1 g

E 959 — NEOHESPERIDINE DIHYDROCHALCONE

Synonyms Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, NHDC, hesperetin dihydrochalcone-4′-β-neohesperidoside, neohesperidin DC

Definition

Chemical name 2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4′-β-D-glucopyranosyl hesperetin dihydrochalcone; obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of neohesperidin

Einecs 243-978-6

Chemical formula C28H36O15

Relative molecular mass 612,6

Assay Content not less than 96 % on the dried basis

Description Off-white, odourless, crystalline powder having a characteristic, intensive sweet taste. Approximately between 1 000 and 1 800 times as sweet as sucrose

Identification

A. Solubility Freely soluble in hot water, very slightly soluble in cold water, practically insoluble in ether and benzene

B. Ultraviolet absorption maximum 282 to 283 nm for a solution of 2 mg in 100 ml methanol

C. Neu's test Dissolve about 10 mg of neohesperidine DC in 1 ml methanol, add 1 ml of a 1 % 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate methanolic solution. A bright yellow colour is produced

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 11 % (105 °C, three hours)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

E 961 — NEOTAME

Synonyms N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, N(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester

Definition Neotame is manufactured by reaction under hydrogen pressure of aspartame with 3,3,-dimethylbutyraldehyde in methanol in presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst. It is isolated and purified by filtration, where diatomaceous earth may be used. After solvent removal via distillation, neotame is washed with water, isolated by centrifugation and finally vacuum dried

CAS No 165450-17-9

Chemical name N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester

Chemical formula C20H30N2O5

Molecular weight 378,47

Description white to off-white powder

Assay Not less than 97,0 % on the dried basis

Identification

Solubility 4,75 % (w/w) at 60 °C in water, soluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate

Purity

Water content Not more than 5 % (Karl Fischer, sample size 25 ± 5 mg)

pH 5,0 – 7,0 (0,5 % aqueous solution)

Melting range 81 °C to 84 °C

N-[(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine Not more than 1,5 %

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 962 — SALT OF ASPARTAME-ACESULFAME

Synonyms Aspartame-acesulfame, Aspartame-acesulfame salt

Definition The salt is prepared by heating an approximately 2:1 ratio (w/w) of aspartame and acesulfame K in solution at acidic pH and allowing crystallisation to occur. The potassium and moisture are eliminated. The product is more stable than aspartame alone.

Chemical name 6-Methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide salt of L-phenylalanyl-2-methyl-L-α-aspartic acid

Chemical formula C18H23O9N3S

Molecular weight 457,46

Assay 63,0 % to 66,0 % aspartame (dry basis) and 34,0 % to 37,0 % acesulfame (acid form on a dry basis)

Description A white, odourless, crystalline powder.

Identification

A. Solubility Sparingly soluble water; slightly soluble in ethanol

B. Transmittance The transmittance of a 1 % solution in water determined in a 1 cm cell at 430 nm with a suitable spectrophotometer using water as a reference, is not less than 0,95, equivalent to an absorbance of not more than approximately 0,022.

C. Specific rotation [α] 20 D + 14,5 ° to + 16,5 ° Determine at a concentration of 6,2 g in 100 ml formic acid (15N) within 30 min of preparation of the solution. Divide the calculated specific rotation by 0,646 to correct for the aspartame content of the salt of aspartame-acesulfame

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 °C, four hours)

5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piper-azineacetic acid Not more than 0,5 %

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 965 (i) — MALTITOL

Synonyms D-Maltitol, hydrogenated maltose

Definition

Chemical name (α)-D-Glucopyranosyl-1,4-D-glucitol

Einecs 209-567-0

Chemical formula C12H24O11

Relative molecular mass 344,31

Assay Content not less than 98 % D-maltitol C12H24O11 on the anhydrous basis

Description Sweet tasting, white crystalline powder

Identification

A. Solubility Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol

B. Melting range 148 to 151 °C

C. Specific rotation [α]D 20 = + 105,5 ° to + 108,5 ° (5 % w/v solution)

Purity

Water content Not more than 1 % (Karl Fischer method)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,1 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Chlorides Not more than 50 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 965 (ii) — MALTITOL SYRUP

Synonyms Hydrogenated high-maltose-glucose syrup, hydrogenated glucose syrup

Definition A mixture consisting of mainly maltitol with sorbitol and hydrogenated oligo- and polysaccharides. It is manufactured by the catalytic hydrogenation of high maltose-content glucose syrup or by the hydrogenation of its individual components followed by blending. The article of commerce is supplied both as a syrup and as a solid product.

Assay Content not less than 99 % of total hydrogenated saccharides on the anhydrous basis and not less than 50 % of maltitol on the anhydrous basis

Description Colourless and odourless, clear viscous liquids or white crystalline masses

Identification

A. Solubility Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol

B. Thin layer chromatography Passes test

Purity

Water Not more than 31 % (Karl Fischer)

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,3 % (as glucose)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 %

Chlorides Not more than 50 mg/kg

Sulphate Not more than 100 mg/kg

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 966 — LACTITOL

Synonyms Lactit, lactositol, lactobiosit

Definition

Chemical name 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol

Einecs 209-566-5

Chemical formula C12H24O11

Relative molecular mass 344,32

Assay Not less than 95 % on the dry weight basis

Description Sweet-tasting crystalline powders or colourless solutions. Crystalline products occur in anhydrous, monohydrate and dihydrate forms

Identification

A. Solubility Very soluble in water

B. Specific rotation [α]D 20 = + 13 ° to + 16 ° calculated on the anhydrous basis (10 % w/v aqueous solution)

Purity

Water content Crystalline products; not more than 10,5 % (Karl Fischer method)

Other polyols Not more than 2,5 % on the anhydrous basis

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,2 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Chlorides Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphates Not more than 200 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 967 — XYLITOL

Synonyms Xylitol

Definition

Chemical name D-xylitol

Einecs 201-788-0

Chemical formula C5H12O5

Relative molecular mass 152,15

Assay Not less than 98,5 % as xylitol on the anhydrous basis

Description White, crystalline powder, practically odourless with a very sweet taste

Identification

A. Solubility Very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol

B. Melting range 92 to 96 °C

C. pH 5 to 7 (10 % w/v aqueous solution)

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 %. Dry 0,5 g of sample in a vacuum over phosphorus at 60 °C for four hours

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis

Reducing sugars Not more than 0,2 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis

Other polyhydric alcohols Not more than 1 % expressed on dry weight basis

Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Heavy metals Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as Pb on dry weight basis

Chlorides Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

Sulphates Not more than 200 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 968 — ERYTHRITOL

Synonyms Meso-erythritol, tetrahydroxybutane, erythrite

Definition Obtained by fermentation of carbohydrate source by safe and suitable food grade osmophilic yeasts such as Moniliella pollinis or Trichosporonoides megachilensis, followed by purification and drying

Chemical name 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol

Einecs 205-737-3

Chemical formula C4H10O4

Molecular weight 122,12

Assay Not less than 99 % after drying

Description White, odourless, non-hygroscopic, heat-stable crystals with a sweetness of approximately 60-80 % that of sucrose.

Identification

A. Solubility Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in diethyl ether.

B. Melting range 119-123 °C

Purity

Loss on drying Not more than 0,2 % (70 °C, six hours, in a vacuum desiccator)

Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 %

Reducing substances Not more than 0,3 % expressed as D-glucose

Ribitol and glycerol Not more than 0,1 %