1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 1
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►B COMMISSIONDIRECTIVE
of11February1974
adaptingtotechnicalprogress the CouncilDirective of26 July1971 onthe approximationof the
laws of the Member States relating to the braking devices of certain categories of motor vehicles
andoftheir trailers
(74/132/EEC)
(OJ L 74, 19.3.1974, p. 7)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Commission Directive 75/524/EEC of 25 July 1975 L 236 3 8.9.1975
▼B
COMMISSIONDIRECTIVE
of11February1974
adapting to technical progress the Council Directive of 26 July
1971 on the approximation of the laws of the Member Statesrelating to the braking devices of certain categories of motor vehi-
clesandoftheir trailers
(74/132/EEC)
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community;
Having regard to Council Directive No 70/156/EEC(1) of 6 February
1970 on the approximation of the lawsof the Member Statesrelatingto the type-approval of motor vehiclesand their trailers , asamendedby the Act(
2) annexed to the Treaty concerning the Accession of new
Member States to the EEC and EAEC signed in Brussels on 22 January
1972, and in particular to Articles11, 12 and 13 thereof;
Having regard to the Council Directive of 26 July 1971(3) on the
approximation of the lawsof the Member Statesrelating to the brakingdevicesof certain categoriesof motor vehiclesand of their trailers , asamended by the Act(
4) annexed to the Treaty concerning the Accession
of new Member States to the EEC and EAEC signed in Brussels on 22
January 1972, and in particular to Article 5 thereof;
Whereasmany accidentsoccur due either to the locking of the wheels
of the rear axle of an empty truck and of tractive unitsfor articulatedvehicles, or equally to the locking of the wheels of a trailer or semi-trailer when braked on a road of low adhesion; whereas in these
conditionsa braking dis tribution, excellent when the vehicle isladen,
isfound to be completely uns uited to operating conditionswhen thevehicle isempty and may entail locking of the rear axle wheelsofmotor vehiclesor of the wheelsof trailer axles , even for relativelylow decelerations; whereas the vehicle or the combination of vehiclesmay skid or jack-knife;
Whereas in the light of technical progress it is now possible to fit vehi-
cleswith a device which matchesthe braking effort to the load;
Whereasthe provis ionsof thisDirective are in conformity with the
Opinion of the Committee on the adaptation to technical progress ofthe Directiveson the removal of technical barriersto trade in the motorvehicless ector,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
AnnexesII and IX of Council Directive No 71/320/EEC of 26 July
1971 are modified according to the Annex to the present Directive.
Article 2
1. With effect from 1 October 1974 no Member State shall on
groundsrelating to the braking devices :
— refuse EEC type approval, the delivery of the document referred to
in Article 10 (1), last subsection, of Council Directive No 70/156/
EEC of 6 February 1970, or the national type approval of a type ofmotor vehicle;1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 2
(1) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.
(2) OJ No L 73, 27. 3. 1972, pp. 115 and 157.
(3) OJ No L 202, 6. 9. 1971, p. 37.
(4) OJ No L 73, 27. 3. 1972, pp. 118, 119 and 158.
▼B
— nor prohibit the entry into service of the vehicles; if the braking
devicesof thistype of vehicle or of thes e vehiclescomply withthe provisions of Council Directive No 71/320/EEC of 26 July
1971, aslas t amended by thisDirective.
4. The Member States shall adopt and publish the provision neces-
sary in order to comply with this Directive before 1 June 1974 andshall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
Article 3
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 3
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ANNEX
Modifications of the annexes of the Council Directive of 26 July 1971 (71/
320/EEC)
ANNEX II: BRAKING TEST ANDPERFORMANCE OF BRAKING
DEVICES
Item 1.1.3.4 shall read: Without prejudice to the requirements contained in item
1.1.4.2 below, the road shall possess a surface having
good adhesion.
After item 1.1.4.1 add item
1.1.4.2. The behaviour of vehiclesin categoriesM1,M2,M3,N1,N2,N3,O3and
O4on a road surface having reduced adhesion shall fulfil the conditions
laid down in the Appendix.
Appendix (See 1.1.4.2): DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKING EFFORT AMONG
VEHICLE AXLES
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Vehiclesof categoriesM1,M2,M3,N1,N2,N3,O3and O4which are not fitted
with a wheel anti-locking device shall fulfil the conditions of the present
Appendix.
2. NOTATION
i = axle index (i = 1, front axle; i = 2, rear axle).
Pi= normal reaction of road surface on axle i under static conditions.
Ni= normal reaction of road surface on axle i under braking.
Ti= force exerted by the brakeson axle i.
fi=Ti/Niadhesion used by axle i.
J = deceleration of vehicle.
g = acceleration of gravity = 10 m/s2.
z = braking ratio of vehicle = J/g(1)
P = weight of vehicle.
h = height of centre of gravity.
E = wheelbase.
k = theoretical coefficient of adhesion between tyre and road.
Adhesion curves used by the vehicle means curves showing the adhesion
used by the front axle and the rear axle plotted against the vehicle braking
ratio on the specified load conditions.
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
3.1.Twoaxlevehicles
3.1.1.(2) Under all load conditionsof the vehicle the adhes ion curve for the
front wheels shall be above that for the rear wheels:
— for all braking ratiosof between 0·15 and 0·8 in the cas e of
vehiclesof category M1;
— for braking ratiosof between 0·15 and 0·30 in the cas e of vehi-
cles of other categories, with the exeption of urban buses.
In addition, for k valuesof between 0·2 and 0·8,1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 4
(1) For semi-trailers z is the braking force divided by the static weight on the trailer
axle(s).
(2) The requirement for Item 3.1.1 shall not be interpreted as requiring a level of efficiency
higher than that laid down in Annex II.
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3.1.2. The above conditionss hall be fulfilled automatically.
3.1.3. The pressure at the coupling head of a motor vehicle authorized to
draw a trailer fitted with air brakess hall not be affected by the
operation of the pressure-regulating devices on the axles of the
drawing vehicle.
3.1.4. In order to verify the requirement of item 3.1.1., the manufacturer
shall provide the adhesion utilization curves for the front and rear
axlescalculated by the formulas :
f1¼T1
N1¼T1
P1þzh
EPf2¼T2
N2¼T2
P2/C0zh
EP
3.1.4.1. Vehicles other than tractive units for semi-trailers.
The graphs shall be plotted for both the following load conditions:
— unladen, in running order with the driver on board,
— laden. Where provision is made for several possibilities of load
distribution, the one whereby the front axle is the most heavily
laden shall be the one to be taken into consideration.
The values specified by the manufacturer shall be taken for h.
3.1.4.2. Tractive units for semi-trailers.
3.1.4.2.1. Solotractive units. The graphs shall be plotted for an unladen
vehicle in running order with the driver on board and h shall be
taken asthe value s pecified by the manufacturer.
3.1.4.2.2. Laden tractive units. The dynamic load of the semi-trailer on the
tractive unit shall be represented by a static weight Psapplied to
the coupling kingpin, equal to:
Ps=Pso(1 + 0·45 z)
where Psorepresents the difference between the maximum laden
weight of the tractive unit and itsunladen weight.
For h the following value shall be takenhoPoþhsPs
P
where
—hoisthe value s pecified in item 3.1.4.2.1,
—hsisthe height of the plane of the coupling on which the s emi-
trailer rests.
—Poisthe unladen weight of the s olotractive unit,
—P=Po+Ps.
3.2.Vehicleswithmorethantwoaxles
The requirementsof Item 3.1. s hall apply to vehicleswith more
than two axles. These requirements shall be considered to be met,
if, in the case of braking ratios between 0·15 — 0·30, the adhesion
used by the front axle is greater than that used by at least one of
the rear axles.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SEMI-TRAILERS
4.1. The following requirements shall only apply to semi-trailers fitted with
compressed air brakes.
4.2. The braking systems fitted to these semi-trailers shall be such that the
curve representing the braking ratio of the semi-trailer's axles plotted
against the service line pressure measured at the coupling head within
the hatched area of the attached diagram.
4.3. This requirement shall be met for all permissible load conditions of the
semi-trailer axles.1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 5
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5. REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAILERS
5.1. The following requirementss hall only apply to trailersfitted with air
brakes. They shall not apply to single-axle trailers nor to twin-axle trai-
lers where the axle spread is less than 2 metres.
5.2. The requirements set out in item 3.1 shall apply to twin-axle trailers not
excluded by the requirementscontained in 5.1.
5.3. Trailers with more than two axles shall be subject to the requirements
contained in item 3.2.
6. CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED IN THE CASE OF FAILURE OF THE
BRAKING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
When the requirementsof thisAppendix are met by meansof a s pecial
device (e.g., controlled mechanically by the suspension of the vehicle), it
shall be possible in the case of failure of this device or its control unit to
stop the vehicle under the conditions prescribed for emergency braking.
7. MARKINGS
7.1. Vehicles, other than those of category M1, which meet the requirements
of thisAppendix by meansof a device mechanically controlled by the
suspension of the vehicle, shall be marked to show the useful travel of
the device between the positions corresponding to vehicle unladen and
laden states respectively.
7.2. When the requirementsof thisAppendix are met by meansof a device
actuated by compressed air, the vehicle shall be marked to show the
pressure values at the outlet side of the device during full braking of
the vehicle under both unladen and laden conditions.
7.3. The markingsreferred to under items7.1 and 7.2 above s hall be affixed
in a visible position in indelible form.
8. VEHICLE INSPECTION
During the EEC type-approval testing of a vehicle the technical inspection
authority shall verify conformity with the requirements contained in the
present Appendix and carry out any further tests considered necessary to
this end. The report on the additional tests shall be appended to the EEC
type-approval certificate.1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 6
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Diagram(Seeitem4.2oftheAppendix)
1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 7
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ANNEX IX: MODEL COMMUNICATION CONCERNING THE EEC
TYPE-APPROVAL OF A VEHICLE WITH REGARDTO
BRAKING
After item 17, the following new items 17 (a) and 17 (a) 1 shall be added:
17 (a) Distribution of braking among the axles of a vehicle.17 (a) 1. Doesthe vehicle fulfil the requirementscontained in the Appendix (s ee
item 1.1.4.2.) … yes/no (
4).1974L0132 — EN — 25.07.1975 — 001.001 — 8