1980L0778 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 1
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►B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 15July 1980
relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption
(80/778/EEC)
(OJ L 229, 30.8.1980, p. 11)
Amended by:
Official Journal
Nopage date
►M1Council Directive 81/858/EEC of 19 October 1981 L 319 19 7.11.1981
►M2Council Directive 91/692/EEC of 23 December 1991 L 377 48 31.12.1991
Amended by:
►A1Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal L 302 23 15.11.1985
►A2Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C 241 21 29.8.1994
(adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 1 1 1.1.1995
Corrected by:
►C1Corrigendum, OJ L 220, 6.8.1981, p. 40 (80/778)
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COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 15July 1980
relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption
(80/778/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Articles 100 and 235 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(
1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(2),
Whereas, in view of the importance for public health of water for
human consumption, it is necessary to lay down quality standards withwhich such water must comply;
Whereas a disparity between provisions already applicable or in the
process of being drawn up in the various Member States relating to thequality of water for human consumption may create differences in theconditions of competition and, as a result, directly affect the operationof the common market; whereas laws in this sphere should therefore beapproximated as provided for in Article 100 of the Treaty;
Whereas this approximation of laws should be accompanied by
Community action designed to achieve, by more extensive rulesconcerning water for human consumption, one of the aims of theCommunity with regard to the improvement of living conditions, theharmonious development of economic activities throughout theCommunity and a continuous and balanced expansion; whereas certainspecific provisions to this effect should therefore be laid down; whereasArticle 235 of the Treaty should be invoked as the necessary powershave not been provided for by the Treaty;
Whereas the 1973 (
3) and 1977 (4) programmes of action of the Euro-
pean Communities on the environment provide for both the setting ofstandards toapply toto xic chemical substances and tobacteriapresenting a health hazard which are present in water intended forhuman consumption and the definition of physical, chemical and biolog-ical parameters corresponding to the different uses of water and, inparticular, to water for human consumption;
Whereas special rules are envisaged for natural mineral waters;
whereas, furthermore, it is necessary to exclude from the scope of thisDirective medicinal waters and certain waters used in the food industrywhere such use does not constitute a hazard to public health;
Whereas by Directive 75/440/EEC (
5), the Council has already laid
down standards for surface water intended for the abstraction ofdrinking water;
Whereas the values fixed for certain parameters must be equal to or
lower than a maximum admissible concentration;
Whereas, in the case of softened water intended for human consump-
tion, the values fixed for certain parameters must be equal to or greaterthan a required minimum concentration;
Whereas it is desirable that he Member States should take the values
adopted as a ‘guide level';
(1) OJ NoC 28, 9. 2. 1976, p. 27.
(2) OJ NoC 131, 12. 6. 1976, p. 13.
(3) OJ NoC 112, 20. 12. 1973, p. 1.
(4) OJ NoC 69, 11. 6. 1970, p. 1.
(5) OJ NoL 194, 25. 7. 1975, p. 34.
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Whereas, since the preparation of water for human consumption may
involve the use of certain substances, rules should be drawn up togovern the use thereof in order to avoid possible harmful effects onpublic health due toexcessive quantities o f such substances;
Whereas the Member States should be authorized to make provision,
under certain conditions, for derogations from this Directive, in partic-ular to take account of certain special situations;
Whereas, in order to check the values of concentrations for the different
parameters, it is necessary topro vide that Member States take the stepsrequired to ensure regular monitoring of the quality of water intendedfor human consumption;
Whereas the reference methods of analysis defined in the Annexes to
this Directive must be speedily adapted toscientific and technicalprogress; whereas, in order to facilitate application of the measuresrequired for this purpose, provision should be made for a procedureestablishing close cooperation between the Member States and theCommission within a committee responsible for the adaptation toscientific and technical progress,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
This Directive concerns standards for water intended for human
consumption.
Article 2
For the purposes of this Directive, water intended for human consump-
tion shall mean all water used for that purpose, either in its original stateor after treatment, regardless of origin,
— whether supplied for consumption, or— whether
— used in a food production undertaking for the manufacture,
processing, preservation or marketing of products or substancesintended for human consumption and
— affecting the wholesomeness of the foodstuff in its finished
form.
Article 3
With regard towater referred toin the seco nd indent o f Article 2,
Member States shall apply the values for the toxic and microbiologicalparameters listed in Tables D and E respectively of Annex I and thevalues for the other parameters which the competent national authoritiesconsider are likely to affect the wholesomeness of the foodstuff in itsfinished form.
Article 4
1. This Directive shall not apply to:
(a) natural mineral waters recognized or defined as such by the
competent national authorities;
(b) medicinal waters recognized as such by the competent national
authorities.
2. Member States may not prohibit or impede the marketing of
foodstuffs on grounds relating to the quality of the water used where thequality of such water meets the requirements of this Directive unlesssuch marketing constitutes a hazard to public health.
Article 5
This Directive shall apply without prejudice to the specific provisions of
other Community regulations.
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Article 6
1. Member States shall send the Commission:
— appropriate information as to the industrial sectors in which the
competent national authorities consider that the wholesomeness ofthe finished product, within the meaning of Article 2, is unaffectedby the quality of the water used;
— national values for parameters other than the toxic and microbiolo-
gical parameters referred toin Article 3.
2. The Commission shall examine this information and shall take any
measures which may be appropriate. It shall periodically draw up acomprehensive report for the Member States.
Article 7
1. Member States shall fix values applicable towater intended fo r
human consumption for the parameters shown in Annex I.
2. Member States may refrain from fixing, pursuant to the first
paragraph, the values of parameters in respect of which no value isshown in Annex I, as long as these values have not been determined bythe Council.
3. For the parameters given in Tables A, B, C, D, and E of Annex I:
— the values tobe fixed by the Member States must be less than o r the
same as the values shown in the ‘Maximum admissible concentra-tion' column;
— in fixing the values, Member States shall take as a basis the values
appearing in the ‘Guide level' column.
4. For the parameters appearing in Table F of Annex I, the values to
be fixed by Member States must be not lower than those given in the‘Minimum required concentration' column for softened water, of thekind referred toin the first indent o f Article 2.
5. In the interpretation of the values shown in Annex I account shall
be taken of the observations.
6. Member States shall take the steps necessary toensure that water
intended for human consumption at least meets the requirements speci-fied in Annex I.
Article 8
Member States shall take all the necessary measures toensure that any
substances used in the preparation of water for human consumption donot remain in concentrations higher than the maximum admissibleconcentration relating to these substances in water made available to theuser and, that they do not, either directly or indirectly, constitute apublic health hazard.
Article 9
1. Member States may make provision for derogations from this
Directive in order to take account of:
(a) situations arising from the nature and structure of the ground in the
area from which the supply in question emanates.
Where a Member State decides to make such a derogation, it shall
inform the Commission accordingly within two months of itsdecision stating the reasons for such derogation;
(b) situations arising from exceptional meteorological conditions.
Where a Member State decides to make such a derogation, it shall
inform the Commission accordingly within 15 days of its decisionstating the reasons for this derogation and its duration.
2. Member States shall report to the Commission only those deroga-
tio ns referred toin paragraph 1 which relate toa daily water supply o fat least 1 000 m³ or a population of at least 5 000.
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3. In no case shall the derogations made by virtue of this Article
relate to toxic or microbiological factors or constitute a public healthhazard.
Article 10
1. In the event of emergencies, the competent national authorities
may, for a limited period of time and up to a maximum value to bedetermined by them, allow the maximum admissible concentrationshown in Annex I to be exceeded, provided that this does not constitutean unacceptable risk to public health and provided that the supply ofwater for human consumption cannot be maintained in any other way.
2. Without prejudice to the application of Directive 75/440/EEC, and
in particular Article 4 (3) thereof, when, for its supply of drinkingwater, a Member State is obliged to resort to surface water which doesnot reach the concentrations required of category A3 water within themeaning of Article 2 of the aforementioned Directive and when itcannot devise suitable treatment to obtain drinking water of the qualitylaid down by this Directive, it may, for a limited period of time and uptoa maximum permissible value which it shall determine, autho rize themaximum admissible concentration shown in Annex I to be exceededprovided that this does not constitute an unacceptable risk to publichealth.
3. Member States which have recourse to the derogations referred to
in this Article shall immediately inform the Commission thereof, statingthe reasons for and probable duration of such derogations.
Article 11
Member States shall ensure that all necessary measures taken toapply
the provisions taken pursuant to this Directive shall in no case have theeffect of allowing, directly or indirectly, either any deterioration in thepresent quality of water intended for human consumption or an increasein the pollution of waters used for the production of drinking water.
Article 12
1. Member States shall take all necessary steps toensure regular
monitoring of the quality of water intended for human consumption.
2. All water intended for human consumption shall be monitored at
the point where it is made available to the user in order to checkwhether it meets the requirements laid down in Annex I.
3. The points of sampling shall be determined by the competent
national authorities.
4. For such monitoring, Member States shall conform with Annex II.5. Member States shall as far as practicable use the reference
methods of analysis set out in Annex III.
Laboratories using other methods shall ensure that the results thus
obtained are equivalent to or comparable with the results obtained bythe methods indicated in Annex III.
Article 13
Such changes as are necessary for adapting the reference methods of
analysis set out in Annex III to scientific and technical progress shall beadopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 15.
Article 14
(a) A Committee on the Adaptation to Scientific and Technical
Progress, hereinafter called ‘the Committee', is hereby set up; itshall consist of representatives of the Member States with a repres-entative of the Commission as Chairman.
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(b) The Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
Article 15
1. Where the procedure laid down in this Article is to be followed,
the matter shall be referred to the Committee by its chairman, either onhis own initiative or at the request of a representative of a MemberState.
2. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the
Committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The Committee shallgive its opinion on that draft within a time limit set by the Chairmanhaving regard to the urgency of the matter. Opinions shall be adoptedby a majority of ►
A262◄votes, the votes of the Member States
being weighted as provided in Article 148 (2) of the Treaty. TheChairman shall not vote.
3. (a) Where the measures envisaged are in accordance with the
opinion of the Committee, the Commission shall adopt them.
(b) Where the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the
opinion of the Committee, or if no opinion is delivered, theCommission shall without delay submit to the Council aproposal on the measures to be taken. The Council shall act by aqualified majority.
(c) If, within three months of the proposal being submitted to it, the
Council has not acted, the proposed measures shall be adoptedby the Commission.
Article 16
Without prejudice to Article 4 (2), Member States may lay down more
stringent provisions than those provided for in this Directive for waterintended for human consumption.
Article 17
Member States may adopt special provisions regarding information —
both on packaging or labels and in advertising — concerning a water’ssuitability for the feeding of infants. Such provisions may also concernthe properties of the water which determine the use of the said informa-tion.
Member States which intend taking such measures shall inform the
other Member States and the Commission of them beforehand.
▼
M2
Article 17a
At intervals of three years the Member States shall send information to
the Commission on the implementation of this Directive, in the form ofa sectoral report which shall also cover other pertinent CommunityDirectives. This report shall be drawn up on the basis of a questionnaireor outline drafted by the Commission in accordance with the procedurelaid down in Article 6 of Directive 91/692/EEC (
1). The questionnaire or
outline shall be sent to the Member States six months before the start ofthe period covered by the report. The report shall be sent to theCommission within nine months of the end of the three-year periodcovered by it.
The first report shall cover the period from 1993 to 1995 inclusive.The Commission shall publish a Community report on the implementa-
tion of the Directive within nine months of receiving the reports fromthe Member States.
(1) OJ NoL 377, 31. 12. 1991, p. 48.
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Article 18
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive andits Annexes within two years following its notification. They shallforthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of
the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the fieldgoverned by this Directive.
Article 19
The Member States shall take the necessary measures toensure that the
quality of water intended for human consumption complies with thisDirective within five years of its notification.
Article 20
Member States may, in exceptional cases and for geographically defined
population groups, submit a special request to the Commission for alonger period for complying with Annex I.
This request, for which grounds must be duly put forward, shall set out
the difficulties experienced and must propose an action programme withan appropriate timetable to be undertaken for the improvement of thequality of water intended for human consumption.
The Commission shall examine these programmes, including the timeta-
bles. In the case of disagreement with the Member State concerned, theCommission shall submit appropriate proposals to the Council.
Article 21
This Directive is addressed tothe Member States.
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ParametersExpression of the
results (1)Guide
level (GL)Maximum admi-
ssible concentra-
tion (MAC)Comments
ParametersExpression of
the results ( )Guide level
(GL)Maximum admi-
ssible concentra-
tion (MAC)CommentsANNEX I
LIST OF PARAMETERS
A. ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS
1Colour mg/l Pt/Coscale 1 20
2Turbidity mg/l SiO2 1 10
Jackson units 0·4 4 — Replaced in certain circum-
stances by a transparencytest, with a Secchi discreading in meters:
G L :6mMAC: 2 m
3Odour Dilution number 0 2a t1 2 °C
3a t2 5 °C— Tobe related tothe taste
tests.
4Taste Dilution number 0 2a t1 2 °C
3a t2 5 °C— Tobe related tothe o do ur
tests.
(1) If, on the basis of Directive 71/354/EEC as last amended, a Member State uses in its national legislation, adopted
in accordance with this Directive, units of measurement other than these indicated in this Annex, the values thusindicated must have the same degree of precision.
B. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS (in relation to the water’s natural structure)
5Temperature °C 12 25
6Hydrogen
ion concen-trationpH unit 6·5≤pH
≤8·5— The water should not be
aggressive.
— The pH values dono t apply
towater in clo sedcontainers.
— Maximum admissible value:
9·5.
7Conductivity µSc m−1
at 20 °C400 — Corresponding to the miner-
alization of the water.
— Corresponding relativity
values in ohms/cm: 2 500.
8Chlorides Cl mg/l 25 — Approximate concentration
above which effects mightoccur: 200 mg/l.
9Sulphates SO4mg/l 25 250
10Silica SiO2mg/l — See Article 8.
11Calcium Ca mg/l 100
12Magnesium Mg mg/l 30 50
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ParametersExpression of
the results ( )Guide level
(GL)Maximum admi-
ssible concentra-
tion (MAC)Comments
ParametersExpression of
the results (1)Guide level (GL)Maximum
admissible
concentration
(MAC)Comments13Sodium Na mg/l 20 175
(as from 1 984
and with apercentile of 90)
150
(as from 1 987and with apercentile of 80)
(these percen-
tiles should becalculated overa referenceperiod of threeyears)— The values of this parameter
take account of the recom-mendations of a WHOworking party (The Hague,May 1978) on the progres-sive reduction of the currenttotal daily salt intake to 6 g.
— As from 1 January 1984 the
Commission will submit tothe Council reports ontrends in the total dailyintake of salt per popula-tion.
— In these reports the
Commission will examinetowhat extent the 120 mg/lMAC suggested by theWHO working party isnecessary toachieve a satis-factory total salt intakelevel, and, if appropriate,will suggest a new saltMAC value tothe Co unciland a deadline for compli-ance with that value.
— Before 1 January 1984 the
Commission will submit tothe Council a report onwhether the reference periodof three years for calcu-lating these percentiles isscientifically well founded.
14Potassium K mg/l 10 12
15Aluminium Al mg/l 0·05 0·2
16Total hard-
ness— See Table F, page 23.
17Dry residues mg/l afterdrying at180 °C 1 500
18Dissolved
oxygen%O2satura-
tion— Saturation value >75 %
except for undergroundwater.
19Free carbondioxide CO2mg/l — The water should not be
aggressive.
C. PARAMETERS CONCERNING SUBSTANCES UNDESIRABLE IN EXCESSIVE
AMOUNTS (1)
20Nitrates NO3mg/l 25 50
21Nitrites NO2mg/l 0·1
22Ammonium NH4mg/l 0·05 0·5
23Kjeldahl
Nitrogen(excluding N inNO
2and NO3)N mg/l 1
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ParametersExpression of
the results (1)Guide level (GL)Maximum
admissible
concentration
(MAC)Comments
24(K Mn O4)
OxidizabilityO2mg/l 2 5— Measured when heated
in acid medium.
25Total organiccarbon (TOC) C mg/l — The reason for any
increase in the usualconcentration must beinvestigated.
26Hydrogensulphide Sµg/l undetectable
organolepti-
cally
27Substancesextractable inchloroform mg/l dryresidue 0·1
28Dissolved or
emulsifiedhydrocarbons(after extractionby petroleumether); Mineraloilsµg/l 10
29Phenols (phenol
index)C6H5OH
µg/l0·5— Excluding natural
phenols which do notreact tochlo rine.
30Boron Bµg/l 1 000
31Surfactants
(reacting withmethylene blue)µg/l (lauryl
sulphate)200
32Other organo-chlorinecompounds notcovered byparameters No55µg/l 1 — Haloform concentrations
must be as low aspossible.
33Iron Feµg/l 50 200
34Manganese Mn µg/l 20 50
35Copper Cuµg/l 100
— at outlets of
pumpingand/or treat-ment worksand theirsubstations— Above 3 000 µg/l astrin-
gent tast discolouration+ corrosion may occur.
3000
— after the
water hasbeenstanding for12 hours inthe pipingand at thepoint wherethe water ismade avail-able totheconsumer
36Zinc Znµg/l 100
— at outlets of
pumpingand/or treat-ment works— Above 5 000 µg/l astrin-
gent taste, opalescenceand sand-like depositsmay occur.
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ParametersExpression of
the results (1)Guide level (GL)Maximum
admissible
concentration
(MAC)Comments
ParametersExpression of
the resultsGuide
level (GL)Maximum
admissible
concentration
(MAC)Commentsand their
substations
5 000
— after the
water hasbeenstanding for12 hours inthe pipingand at thepoint wherethe water ismade avail-able totheconsumer
37Phosphorus P2O5µg/l 400 5 000
38Fluoride Fµg/l — MAC varies according
toaverage temperaturein geographical areaconcerned.
8—1 2 °C 1 500
2 5—3 0 °C 700
39Cobalt Coµg/l
40Suspended
solidsNone
41ResidualChlorine Clµg/l — See Article 8.
42Barium Baµg/l 100
43Silver Agµg/l 10If, exceptionally, silver is
used non-systematically toprocess the water, a MACvalue of 80 µg/l may be
authorized.
(1) Certain of these substances may even be toxic when present in very substantial quantities.
D. PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES
44Arsenic Asµg/l 50
45Beryllium Beµg/l
46Cadmium Cdµg/l 5
47Cyanides CN µg/l 50
48Chromium Crµg/l 50
49Mercury Hgµg/l 1
50Nickel Niµg/l 50
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ParametersExpression of
the resultsGuide
level (GL)Maximum
admissible
concentration
(MAC)Comments
Maximum admissible concentration (MAC)
ParametersResults: volume of
the sample in mlGuide level
(GL) Membrane filter
methodMultiple tube method
(MPN)51Lead Pbµg/l 50
(in running
water)Where lead pipes are present, thelead content should not exceed50µg/l in a sample taken after
flushing. If the sample is takeneither directly or after flushing andthe lead content either frequently ortoan appreciable extent exceeds100 µg/l, suitable measures must
be taken toreduce the expo sure tolead on the part of the consumer.
52Antimony Sbµg/l 10
53Selenium Seµg/l 10
54Vanadium Vµg/l
55Pesticides and
related productsµg/l ‘Pesticides and related products'
means:
— substances
consideredseparately0·1 — insecticides:
— persistent organochlorine
compounds
— organophosphorous
compounds
— carbamates
— total 0·5 — herbicides
— fungicides— PCBs and PCTs
56Polycyclic
aromatic hydro-carbonsµg/l 0·2 ►C1— reference substances:
— fluoranthene— 3,4 — benzofluoranthene— 11,12 — benzofluoranthene— 3,4 — benzpyrene— 1,12 — benzperylene— indeno(1,2,3 — cd)
pyrene.◄
E. MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
57Total coli-
forms (1)100 — 0 MPN<1
58Fecal coliforms 100 — 0 MPN<1
59Fecal strepto-
cocci100 — 0 MPN<1
60Sulphite-
reducing Clos-tridia20 — — MPN≤1
Water intended for human consumption should not contain pathogenic organisms.
If it is necessary to supplement the microbiological analysis of water intended for human consumption, the samples
should be examined not only for the bacteria referred to in Table E but also for pathogens including:
— salmonella,— pathogenic staphylococci,— fecal bacteriophages,— entero-viruses;nor should such water contain:— parasites,— algas,— other organisms such as animalcules.
(1) Provided a sufficient number of samples is examined (95 % consistent results).
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ParametersResults:
size of
sample (in
ml)Guide
level (GL)Maximum
admissible
concentration
(MAC)Comments
ParametersExpression of the
resultsMinimum required
concentration
(softened water)Comments61Total bacteriacounts for water 37 °C110 (1)(2)—
supplied forhumanconsumption22 °C1100 (1)(2)—
62Total bacteria 37 °C1 5 20 On their own responsibility
counts for waterin closedcontainers
22 °C1 20 100and where parameters 57,58, 59 and 60 are compliedwith, and where the path-ogen organisms given onpage 22 are absent, MemberStates may process waterfor their internal use thetotal bacteria count of whichexceeds the MAC valueslaid down for parameter 62.MAC values should bemeasured within 12 hours ofbeing put intoclo sedcontainers with the samplewater being kept at aconstant temperature duringthat 12-hour period.
(1) For disinfected water the corresponding values should be considerably lower at the point where it leaves the
processing plant.
(2) If, during successive sampling, any of these values is consistently exceeded a check should be carried out.
F. MINIMUM REQUIRED CONCENTRATION FOR SOFTENED WATER INTENDED FOR
HUMAN COMSUMPTION
1Total hardness mg/l Ca 60 Calcium or equivalent cations.
2Hydrogen ionconcentration pH
3Alkalinity mg/l HCO3 30Thewatershouldnotbe
aggressive.
4Dissolved oxygen
NB:— The provisions for hardness, hydrogen ion concentration, dissolved oxygen and calcium also apply to
desalinated water.
— If, owing to its excessive natural hardness, the water is softened in acordance with Table F before being
supplied for consumption, its sodium content may, in exceptional cases, be higher than the values given inthe ‘Maximum admissible concentration' column. However, an effort must be made to keep the sodiumcontent at as low a level as possible and the essential requirements for the protection of public health maynot be disregarded.
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French degree English degree German degreeMilligrams of
CaMillimoles of
CaTABLE OF CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE VARIOUS UNITS OF WATER HARDNESS
MEASUREMENT
French degree 1 0·70 0·56 4·008 0·1
English degree 1·43 1 0·80 5·73 0·143
German degree 1·79 1·25 1 7·17 0·179
Milligrams of Ca 0·25 0·175 0·140 1 0·025
Millimoles of Ca 10 7 5·6 40·08 1
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Volume ofPopulation
concernedAnalysis C 1 Analysis C 2 Analysis C 3 Analysis C 4
water produced
or distributed in
m³/day(assuming 200
l/day per
person)Number of
samples per
yearNumber of
samples per
yearNumber of
samples per
yearANNEX II
PATTERNS AND FREQUENCY OF STANDARD ANALYSES
B. TABLE OF MINIMUM FREQUENCY OF STANDARD ANALYSES(3)
100 500 (1) (1) (1) Frequency tobe
determined by thecompetent nationalauthorities as thesituation requires
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Volume ofPopulation
concernedAnalysis C 1 Analysis C 2 Analysis C 3 Analysis C 4
water produced
or distributed in
m³/day(assuming 200
l/day per
person)Number of
samples per
yearNumber of
samples per
yearNumber of
samples per
year
1 000 5 000 (1) (1) (1)
2 000 10 000 12 3 (1)
10 000 50 000 60 6 1
20 000 100 000 120 12 2
30 000 150 000 180 18 3
60 000 300 000 360 (2) 36 6
100 000 500 000 360 (2) 60 10
200 000 1 000 000 360 (2) 120 (2) 20 (2)
1 000 000 5 000 000 360 (2) 120 (2) 20 (2)
(1) Frequency left to the discretion of the competent national authorities. However, water intended for the food-manu-
facturing industries must be monitored at least once a year.
(2) The competent health authorities should endeavour to increase this frequency as far as their resources allow.
(3) (a) In the case of water which must be disinfected, microbiological analysis should be twice as frequent.
(b) Where analyses are very frequent, it is advisable to take samples at the most regular intervals possible.
(c) Where the values of the results obtained from samples taken during the preceding years are constant and
significantly better than the limits laid down in Annex I, and where no factor likely to cause a deterioration inthe quality of the water has been discovered, the minimum frequencies of the analyses referred to above maybe reduced:
— for surface waters, by a factor of 2 with the exception of the frequencies laid down for microbiological
analyses;
— for ground waters, by a factor of 4, but without prejudice to the provisions of point (a) above.
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ANNEX III
REFERENCE METHODS OF ANALYSIS
A. ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS
1 Colour Photometric method calibrated on the Pt/co scale.
2 Turbidity Silica method — Formazine test — Secchi’s method.3 Odour Successive dilutions, tested at 12 °Cor2 5 °C.
4 Taste Successive dilutions, tested at 12 °Cor2 5 °C.
B. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
5 Temperature Thermometry.
6 Hydrogen ion concentration Electrometry.7 Conductivity Electrometry.8 Chlorides Titrimetry — Mohr’s method.9 Sulphates Gravimetry — complexometry — spectrophotometry.
10 Silica Absorption spectrophotometry.11 Calcium Atomic absorption — complexometry.12 Magnesium Atomic absorption.13 Sodium Atomic absorption.14 Potassium Atomic absorption.15 Aluminium Atomic absorption — absorption spectrophotometry.16 Total hardness Complexometry.17 Dry residue Dessication at 180 °C and weighing.
18 Dissolved oxygen Winkler’s method — Specific electrode method.19 Free carbon dioxide Acidimetry.
C. PARAMETERS CONCERNING UNDESIRABLE SUBSTANCES
20 Nitrates Absorption spectrophotometry — Specific electrode method.
21 Nitrites Absorption spectrophotometry.22 Ammonium Absorption spectrophotometry.23 Kjeldahl Nitrogen Oxidation with Titrimetry or Absorption spectrophotometry.24 Oxidizability Boiling for 10 minutes with KMnO
4in acid medium.
25 Total organic carbon (TOC) —
26 Hydrogen sulphide Absorption spectrophotometry.27 Substances extractable in
chloroformLiquid/liquid extraction using purified chloroform at neutral
pH, weighing the residue.
28 Hydrocarbons (dissolved or in
emulsion); Mineral oilsInfra-red absorption spectrophotometry.
29 Phenols (phenol index) Absorption spectrophotometry, paranitroaniline method and 4-
aminoantipyrine method.
30 Boron Atomic absorption — Absorption spectrophotometry.31 Surfactants (reacting with
metylene blue)Absorption spectrophotometry with methylene blue.
32 Other organo-chlorine
compoundsGas-phase or liquid-phase chromatography after extraction by
appropriate solvents and purification — Identification of theconstituents of mixtures if necessary. Quantitative deter-mination.
33 Iron Atomic absorption — Absorption spectrophotometry.34 Manganese Atomic absorption — Absorption spectrophotometry.35 Copper Atomic absorption — Absorption spectrophotometry.36 Zinc Atomic absorption — Absorption spectrophotometry.37 Phosphorus Absorption spectrophotometry.38 Fluoride Absorption spectrophotometry — Specific electrode method.
1980L0778 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 18
▼B
39 Cobalt —40 Suspended solids Method of filtration on to µ0·45 porous membrane or centri-
fuging (for at least 15 minutes with an average acceleration of2 800 to3 200 g) dried at 105 °C and weighed.
41 Residual chlorine Titrimetry — Absorption spectrophotometry.42 Barium Atomic absorption.
D. PARAMETERS CONCERNING TOXIC SUBSTANCES
43 Silver Atomic absorption.44 Arsenic Absorption spectrophotometry — Atomic absorption.45 Beryllium —46 Cadmium Atomic absorption.47 Cyanides Absorption spectrophotometry.48 Chromium Atomic absorption — Absorption spectrophotometry.49 Mercury Atomic absorption.50 Nickel Atomic absorption.51 Lead Atomic absorption.52 Antimony Absorption spectrophotometry.53 Selenium Atomic absorption.54 Vanadium —55 Pesticides and related products See method 32.56 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-bonsMeasurement of intensity of fluorescence ultraviolet afterextraction using hexane — gas-phase chromatography ormeasurement in ultraviolet after thin layer chromatography —Comparative measurements against a mixture of six standardsubstances of the same concentration (
1).
(1)►C1Standard substances to be considered: fluoranthene,
3,4 — benzofluoranthene, 11,12 — benzofluoranthene,3,4 — benzpyrene, 1,12 — benzperylene, indeno(1,2,3 — cd) pyrene. ◄
E. MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Fermentation in mutliple tubes. Subculturing of the positivetubes on a confirmation medium. Count according to MPN(most probable number)
57 (
2) Total coliforms or
58 (2) Fecal coliforms Membrane filtration and culture on an appropriate mediumsuch as Tergitol lactose agar, endo agar, 0 ·4 % Teepol broth,
subculturing and identification of the suspect colonies —Incubation temperature for total coliforms: 37 °C
Incubation temperature for fecal coliforms: 44 °C
59 (
2) Fecal streptococci Sodium azide method (Litsky). Count according to MPN —
Membrane filtration and culture on an appropriate medium.
60 (2) Sulphitereducing Clostridia A spore count, after heating the sample to 80 °C by:
— seeding in a medium with glucose, sulphite and iron,
counting the black-halo colonies;
— membrane filtration, deposition of the inverted filter on a
medium with glucose, sulphite and iron covered with agar,count of black colonies;
— distribution in tubes of differential reinforced clostridial
medium (DRCM), subculturing of the black tubes in amedium of litmus-treated milk, count according to MPN.
61/62 (
2)Total counts Inoculation by placing in nutritive agar.
ADDITIONAL TESTS
Salmonella Concentration by membrane filtration. Inoculation on a pre-
enriched medium. Enrichment, subculturing on isolating agar.Identification.
1980L0778 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 001.001 — 19
▼B
Pathogenic staphylococci Membrane filtration and culture on a specific medium (e.g.
Chapman’s hypersaline medium). Test for pathogenic charac-teristics.
Fecal bacteriophages Guelin’s process.Enteroviruses Concentration by filtration, flocculation or centrifuging, and
identification.
Protozoa Concentration by filtration on a membrane, microscopic exam-
ination, test for pathogenicity.
Animalcules (worms — larvae) Concentration by filtration on a membrane. Microscopic
examination. Test for pathogenicity.
(2) Comments: The incubation period is generally 24 or 48 hours except for total counts, when it is 48 or 72 hours.
F. MINIMUM REQUIRED CONCENTRATION
Alkalinity Acidimetry with Methyl orange