1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE1999/31/EC
of26April1999
onthelandfillofwaste
(OJL182,16.7.1999,p.1)
Amendedby:
OfficialJournal
No page date
►M1Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the
Councilof29September2003L284 1 31.10.2003
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE1999/31/EC
of26April1999
onthelandfillofwaste
THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunity,and
inparticularArticle130s(1)thereof,
HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(2),
Acting inaccordance withthe procedure laid downinArticle 189cof
theTreaty(3),
(1)Whereas the Council resolution of 7 May 1990(4) on waste
policywelcomesandsupportstheCommunitystrategydocumentandinvitestheCommissiontoproposecriteriaandstandardsfor
thedisposalofwastebylandfill;
(2)Whereas the Council resolution of 9 December 1996 on waste
policy considers that, in the future, only safe and controlled
landfill activities should be carried out throughout the Commu-
nity;
(3)Whereastheprevention,recyclingandrecoveryofwasteshouldbe encouraged as should the use of recovered materials and
energysoastosafeguardnaturalresourcesandobviatewasteful
useofland;
(4)Whereas further consideration should be given to the issues ofincineration ofmunicipal andnon-hazardouswaste,composting,
biomethanisation,andtheprocessingofdredgingsludges;
(5)Whereas under the polluter pays principle it is necessary, inter
alia, to take into account any damage to the environment
producedbyalandfill;
(6)Whereas,like anyother typeofwastetreatment, landfill should
be adequately monitored and managed to prevent or reducepotentialadverseeffectsontheenvironmentandriskstohuman
health;
(7)Whereasitisnecessarytotakeappropriatemeasurestoavoidthe
abandonment, dumping or uncontrolled disposal of waste;whereas,accordingly,itmustbepossibletomonitorlandfillsites
with respect to the substances contained in the waste deposited
there, whereas such substances should, as far as possible, reactonlyinforeseeableways;
(8)Whereas both the quantity and hazardous nature of waste
intended for landfill should be reduced where appropriate;
whereas the handling of waste should be facilitated and itsrecovery enhanced; whereas the use of treatment processesshouldthereforebeencouragedtoensurethatlandfilliscompa-tible with the objectives of this Directive; whereas sorting is
includedinthedefinitionoftreatment;
(9)WhereasMemberStatesshouldbeabletoapplytheprinciplesof
proximity andself-sufficiency forthe elimination of their wasteat Community and national level, in accordance with Council1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—2
(1) OJC156,24.5.1997,p.10.
(2) OJC355,21.11.1997,p.4.
(3) Opinion of the European Parliament of 19 February 1998 (OJ C 80,
16.3.1998, p. 196), Council common position of 4 June 1998 (OJ C 333,30.10.1998,p. 15) and Decision of the European Parliament of 3 February
1999(OJC150,28.5.1999,p.78)
(
4) OJC122,18.5.1990,p.2.
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Directive 75/442/EEC of15July1975onwaste(1)whereas the
objectives of this Directive must be pursued and clarifiedthroughtheestablishment ofan adequate, integrated networkof
disposal plants based on a high level of environmental protec-
tion;
(10)Whereasdisparitiesbetweentechnical standardsforthedisposalofwastebylandfillandthelowercostsassociatedwithitmight
give rise to increased disposal of waste in facilities with low
standards of environmental protection and thus create a poten-tially serious threat to the environment, owing to transport ofwaste over unnecessarily long distances as well as to inap-propriatedisposalpractices;
(11)WhereasitisthereforenecessarytolaydowntechnicalstandardsforthelandfillofwasteatCommunitylevelinordertoprotect,preserve and improve the quality of the environment in theCommunity;
(12)Whereasitisnecessarytoindicateclearlytherequirementswithwhich landfill sites must comply as regards location, condi-tioning, management, control, closure and preventive andprotectivemeasurestobetakenagainstanythreattotheenviron-
ment in the short as well as in the long-term perspective, and
moreespeciallyagainstthepollutionofgroundwaterbyleachateinfiltrationintothesoil;
(13)Whereasinviewoftheforegoingitisnecessarytodefineclearly
theclassesoflandfilltobeconsideredandthetypesofwasteto
beacceptedinthevariousclassesoflandfill;
(14)Whereas sites for temporary storage of waste should complywiththerelevantrequirementsofDirective75/442/EEC;
(15)Whereastherecovery,inaccordancewithDirective75/442/EEC,of inert or non-hazardous waste which is suitable, through theiruse in redevelopment/restoration and filling-in work, or forconstructionpurposesmaynotconstitutealandfillingactivity;
(16)Whereas measures should be taken to reduce the production ofmethane gasfrom landfills, inter alia,in order to reduce global
warming, through the reduction of the landfill of biodegradablewasteandtherequirementstointroducelandfillgascontrol;
(17)Whereasthemeasurestakentoreducethelandfillofbiodegrad-ablewasteshouldalsoaimatencouragingtheseparatecollectionof biodegradable waste, sorting in general, recovery and recy-cling;
(18)Whereeas, because of the particular features of the landfillmethodofwastedisposal,itisnecessarytointroduceaspecificpermitprocedureforallclassesoflandfillinaccordancewiththegenerallicensingrequirementsalreadysetdowninDirective75/
442/EEC and the general requirements of Directive 96/61/EC
concerning integrated pollution prevention and control(
2)
whereas the landfill site's compliance with such a permit mustbe verified in the course of an inspection by the competentauthoritybeforethestartofdisposaloperations;
(19)Whereas, in each case, checks should be made to establishwhether the waste may be placed in the landfill for which it isintended,inparticularasregardshazardouswaste;
(20)Whereas, in order to prevent threats to the environment, it isnecessarytointroduceauniformwasteacceptanceprocedureonthebasisofaclassificationprocedureforwasteacceptableinthedifferent categories of landfill, including in particular standar-dised limit values; whereas to that end a consistent andstandardised systemof waste characterisation, sam pling and1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—3
(1) OJL194,25.7.1975,p.39.DirectiveaslastamendedbyCommissionDeci-
sion96/350/EC(OJL135,6.6.1996,p.32).
(2) OJL257,10.10.1996,p.26.
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analysismustbeestablishedintimetofacilitateimplementation
of this Directive; whereas the acceptance criteria must be parti-cularlyspecificwithregardtoinertwaste;
(21)Whereas,pendingtheestablishmentofsuchmethodsofanalysisor of the limit values necessary for characterisation, MemberStates may for the purposes of this Directive maintain or drawup national lists of waste which is acceptable or unacceptablefor landfill, or define criteria, including limit values, similar to
those laid down in this Directive for the uniformacceptance
procedure;
(22)Whereas for certain hazardous waste to be accepted in landfillsfornon-hazardouswasteacceptancecriteriashouldbedevelopedbythetechnicalcommittee;
(23)Whereas it is necessary to establish common monitoring proce-dures during the operation and after-care phases of a landfill inorder to indentify any possible adverse environmental effect ofthelandfillandtaketheappropriatecorrectivemeasures;
(24)Whereasitisnecessarytodefinewhenandhowalandfillshouldbe closed and the obligations and responsibility of the operator
onthesiteduringtheafter-careperiod;
(25)Whereaslandfill sitesthathavebeenclosedpriortothedate of
transposition of this Directive should not be suject to its provi-sionsonclosureprocedure;
(26)Whereas the future conditions of operation of existing landfills
should be regulated in order to take the necessary measures,
within a specified period of time, for their adaptation to thisDirectiveonthebasisofasite-conditioningplan;
(27)Whereasforoperatorsofexistinglandfillshaving,incompliancewith binding national rules equivalent to those of Article 14 of
this Directive, already submitted the documentation referred to
in Article 14(a) of this Directive prior to its entry into forceand for which the competent authority authorised the continua-tion of their operation, there is no need to resubmit thisdocumentation norforthe competent authority todeliver a newauthorisation;
(28)Whereastheoperatorshouldmakeadequateprovisionbywayofafinancialsecurityoranyotherequivalenttoensurethatalltheobligationsflowingfromthepermitarefulfilled,includingthoserelatingtotheclosureprocedureandafter-careofthesite;
(29)Whereas measures should be taken to ensure that the price
charged for waste disposal in a landfill cover all the costs
involvedinthesettingupandoperationofthefacility,includingas far as possible the financial security or its equivalent whichthesiteoperatormustprovide,andtheestimatedcostofclosingthesiteincludingthenecessaryafter-care;
(30)Whereas,whenacompetentauthorityconsidersthatalandfillis
unlikely to cause a hazard to the environment forlonger than a
certainperiod,theestimatedcoststobeincludedinthepricetobechargedbyanoperatormaybelimitedtothatperiod;
(31)Whereas it is necessary to ensure the proper application of theprovisions implementing this Directive throughout the Commu-
nity,and toensurethat the training andknowledge acquired by
landfilloperatorsandstaffaffordthemthenecessaryskills;
(32)Whereas the Commission must establish a standard procedurefor the acceptance of waste and set up a standard classificationof waste acceptable in a landfill in accordance with the
committee procedure laid down in Article 18 of Directive 75/
442/EEC;
(33)WhereasadaptationoftheAnnexestothisDirectivetoscientificandtechnicalprogressandthestandardisationofthemonitoring,samplingandanalysismethodsmustbeadoptedunderthesamecommitteeprocedure;1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—4
▼B
(34)Whereas the Member States must send regular reports to the
Commission on the implementation of this Directive paying
particular attention to the national strategies to be set up inpursuance of Article 5; whereas on the basis of these reportstheCommissionshallreporttotheEuropeanParliamentandtheCouncil;
HASADOPTEDTHISDIRECTIVE
Article 1
Overall objective
1. With a view to meeting the requirements of Directive 75/442/
EEC,andinparticular Articles3and4thereof,theaimofthisDirec-tive is, by way of stringent operational and technical requirements on
the waste and landfills, to provide for measures, procedures and
guidance to prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects onthe environment, in particular the pollution of surface water, ground-water, soil and air, and on the global environment, including thegreenhouse effect, aswellasanyresulting risktohuman health, fromlandfillingofwaste,duringthewholelife-cycleofthelandfill.
2. In respect of the technical characteristics of landfills, this Direc-
tive contains, for those landfills to which Directive 96/61/EC isapplicable, the relevant technical requirements inorder to elaborate inconcretetermsthegeneralrequirementsofthatDirective.Therelevant
requirements of Directive 96/61/EC shall be deemed to be fulfilled if
therequirementsofthisDirectivearecompliedwith.
Article 2
Definitions
ForthepurposesofthisDirective:
(a) ‘waste’meansanysubstanceorobjectwhichiscoveredbyDirec-
tive75/442/EEC;
(b) ‘municipal waste ’means waste from households, aswell as other
waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar towastefromhousehold;
(c) ‘hazardous waste ’ means any waste which is covered by Article
1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 onhazardouswaste(
1)
(d) ‘non-hazardous waste ’meanswastewhichisnotcoveredbypara-
graph(c);
(e) ‘inert waste’ means waste that does not undergo any significant
physical, chemical or biological transformations. Inert waste willnot dissolve, burn or otherwise physically or chemically react,
biodegrade or adversely affect other matter with which it comes
intocontactinawaylikelytogiverisetoenvironmentalpollutionorharmhumanhealth.Thetotalleachabilityandpollutantcontentofthewasteandtheecotoxicity oftheleachate mustbeinsignifi-cant, and in particular not endanger the quality of surface water
and/orgroundwater;
(f) ‘underground storage ’meansapermanentwastestoragefacilityin
adeepgeologicalcavitysuchasasaltorpotassiummine;
(g) ‘landfill’means a waste disposal site forthe deposit of the waste
ontoorintoland(i.e.underground),including:
— internal waste disposal sites (i.e. landfill where a producer of
waste is carrying out its own waste disposal at the place ofproduction),and1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—5
(1) OJL377,31.12.1991,p.20.DirectiveaslastamendedbyDirective94/31/
EC(OJL168,2.7.1994,p.28);
▼B
— a permanent site (i.e. more than one year) which is used for
temporarystorageofwaste,
butexcluding:
— facilities where waste is unloaded in order to permit its
preparation for further transport for recovery, treatment ordispsalelsewhere,and
— stoarage of waste prior to recovery or treatment for a period
lessthanthreeyearsasageneralrule,or
— storage of waste prior to disposal for a period less than one
year;
(h) ‘treatment’ means the physical, thermal, chemical or biological
processes, including sorting, that change the characteristics of the
wasteinordertoreduceitsvolumeorhazardousnature,facilitate
itshandlingorenhancerecovery;
(i) ‘leachate’ means any liquid percolating through the deposited
wasteandemittedfromorcontainedwithinalandfill;
(j) ‘landfill gas’ means all the gases generated from the landfilled
waste;
(k) ‘eluate’meansthesolutionobtainedbyalaboratoryleachingtest;
(l) ‘operator’ means the natural or legal person responsible for a
landfill in accordance with the internal legislation of the Member
State where the landfill is located; this person may change from
thepreparationtotheafter-carephase;
(m) ‘biodegradable waste ’ means any waste that is capable of under-
going anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as food and
gardenwaste,andpaperandpaperboard;
(n) ‘holder’ means the producer of the waste or the natural or legal
personwhoisinpossessionofit;
(o) ‘applicant’ means any person who applies for a landfill permit
underthisDirective;
(p) ‘competent authority ’ means that authority which the Member
States designate as responsible for performing the duties arisingfromthisDirective;
(q) ‘liquid waste’ means any waste in liquid form including waste
watersbutexcludingsludge;
(r) ‘isolated settlement ’meansasettlement:
— with no more than 500 inhabitants per municipality or settle-
ment and no more than five inhabitants per square kilometre
and,
— where the distance to the nearest urban agglomeration with at
least 250 inhabitants per square kilometre is not less than 50
km, or with difficult access by road to those nearest agglom-
erations, due to harsh meteorological conditions during asignificantpartoftheyear.
Article 3
Scope
1. Member States shall apply this Directive to any landfill as
definedinArticle2(g).
2. Without prejudice to existing Community legislation, the
followingshallbeexcludedfromthescopeofthisDirective:
— the spreading of sludges, including sewage sludges, and sludges
resulting from dredging operations, and similar matter on the soilforthepurposesoffertilisationorimprovement,
— the use of inert waste which is suitable, in redevelopment/restora-
tionandfilling-inwork,orforconstructionpurposes,inlandfills,
— the deposit of non-hazardous dredging sludges alongside small
waterways fromwhere they have been dredged out and of non-hazardous sludges in surface water including the bed and its subsoil,1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—6
▼B
— the deposit of unpolluted soil or of non-hazardous inert waste
resultingfromprospectingandextraction,treatment,andstorageofmineralresourcesaswellasfromtheoperationofquarries.
3. Without prejudice to Directive 75/442/EEC Member States may
declare at their own option, that the deposit of non-hazardous waste,
to be defined by the committee established under Article 17 of thisDirective,otherthaninertwaste,resultingfromprospectingandextrac-tion, treatment and storage of mineral resources as well as from theoperation of quarries and which are deposited in a manner preventingenvironmental pollution or harm to human health, can be exempted
fromtheprovisionsinAnnexI,points2,3.1,3.2and3.3ofthisDirec-
tive.
4. Without prejudice to Directive 75/442/EEC Member States may
declare,attheirownoption,partsorallofArticles6(d),7(i),8(a)(iv),10,11(1)(a),(b)and(c),12(a)and(c),AnnexI,points3and4,AnnexII(exceptpoint3,level3,andpoint4)andAnnexIII,points3to5tothisDirectivenotapplicableto:
(a) landfillsitesfornon-hazardousorinertwasteswithatotalcapacity
not exceeding 15000 tonnes or with an annual intake not
exceeding1000tonnesservingislands,wherethisistheonlyland-
fill on the island and where this is exclusively destined for thedisposalofwastegenerated onthat island.Oncethetotal capacityof that landfill has been used,any new landfill site established ontheislandshallcomplywiththerequirementsofthisDirective;
(b) landfill sites for non-hazardous or inert waste in isolated settle-
ments if the landfill site is destined for the disposal of wastegeneratedonlybythatisolatedsettlement.
Not later than two years after the date laid down in Article 18(1),
Member States shall notify the Commission of the list of islands andisolated settlements that are exempted. The Commission shall publishthelistofislandsandisolatedsettlements.
5. Without prejudice to Directive 75/442/EEC Member States may
declare, at their own option, that underground storage as defined in
Article 2(f) of this Directive can be exempted from the provisions in
Article 13(d) and in Annex I, point 2, except first indent, points 3 to5andinAnnexIII,points2,3and5tothisDirective.
Article 4
Classesoflandfill
Eachlandfillshallbeclassifiedinoneofthefollowingclasses:
— landfillforhazardouswaste,
— landfillfornon-hazardouswaste,
— landfillforinertwaste.
Article 5
Wasteandtreatmentnotacceptableinlandfills
1. MemberStatesshallsetupanationalstrategyfortheimplemen-
tation of the reduction of biodegradable waste going to landfills, notlaterthantwoyearsafterthedatelaiddowninArticle18(1)andnotifytheCommissionofthisstrategy.Thisstrategyshouldincludemeasurestoachievethetargetssetoutinparagraph2bymeansofinparticular,recycling,composting,biogasproductionormaterials/energy recovery.
Within30monthsofthedatelaiddowninArticle18(1)theCommis-
sion shall provide the European Parliament and the Council with areportdrawingtogetherthenationalstrategies.
2. Thisstrategyshallensurethat:
(a) not later than five years after the date laid down in Article 18(1),
biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reducedto75%ofthetotalamount(byweight)ofbiodegradablemunicipalwaste produced in 1995 or the latest year before 1995 for whichstandardisedEurostatdataisavailable1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—7
▼B
(b) notlater than eight years afte the date laid downin Article 18(1),
biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reducedto50%ofthetotalamount(byweight)ofbiodegradablemunicipal
waste produced in 1995 or the latest year before 1995 for which
stadardisedEurostatdataisavailable;
(c) not later than 15 years after the date laid down in Article 18(1),
biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reduced
to35%ofthetotalamount(byweight)ofbiodegradablemunicipalwaste produced in 1995 or the lates year before 1995 for whichstandardisedEurostatdataisavailable.
Twoyearsbeforethedatereferredtoinparagraph(c)theCouncilshall
reexaminetheabovetarget,onthebasisofareportfromtheCommis-
sion on the practical experience gained by Member States in the
pursuanceofthetargetslaiddowninparagraphs(a)and(b)accompa-nied, if appropriate, by a proposal with a view to confirming oramending this target in order to ensure a high level of environmentalprotection.
MemberStateswhichin1995orthelatestyearbefore1995forwhich
standardisedEUROSTATdataisavailableputmorethan80%oftheir
collected municipal waste to landfill may postpone the attainment ofthe targets set out in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) by a period notexceeding four years. Member States intending to make use of thisprovision shall inform in advance the Commission of their decision.The Commission shall inform other Member States and the European
Parliamentofthesedecisions.
Theimplementationoftheprovisionssetoutintheprecedingsubpara-
graphmayinnocircumstances leadtotheattainment ofthetargetsetoutinparagraph(c)atadatelaterthanfouryearsafterthedatesetoutinparagraph(c).
3. Member States shall take measures in order that the following
wastesarenotacceptedinalandfill:
(a) liquidwaste;
(b) waste which, in the conditions of landfill, is explosive, corrosive,
oxidising,highlyflammableorflammable,asdefinedinAnnexIIItoDirective91/689/EEC;
(c) hospital and other clinical wastes arising fromm edical or veter-
inary establishments, which are infectious asdefined (property H9in Annex III) by Directive 91/689/EEC and waste falling within
category14(AnnexI.A)ofthatDirective.
(d) wholeusedtyresfromtwoyearsfromthedatelaiddowninArticle
18(1), excluding tyres used as engineering material, and shreddedused tyres five years fromthe date laid down in Article 18(1)
(excludinginbothinstancesbicylcetyresandtyreswithanoutside
diameterabove1400mm);
(e) any other type of waste which does not fulfil the acceptance
criteriadeterminedinaccordancewithAnnexII.
4. Thedilutionofmixtureofwastesolelyinordertomeetthewaste
acceptancecriteriaisprohibited.
Article 6
Wastetobeaccepted inthedifferent classesoflandfill
MemberStatesshalltakemeasuresinorderthat:
(a) only waste that has been subject to treatment is landfilled. This
provision may not apply to inert waste for which treatment is nottechnically feasible, nor to any other waste for which such treat-ment doesnotcontribute tothe objectives ofthisDirective, asset
out in Article 1, by reducing the quantity of the waste or the
hazardstohumanhealthortheenvironment;
(b) only hazardous waste that fulfils the criteria set out in accordance
withAnnexIIisassignedtoahazardouslandfill;1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—8
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(c) landfillfornon-hazardouswastemaybeusedfor:
(i) municipalwaste;
(ii) non-hazardous waste of any other origin, which fulfil the
criteria for the acceptance of waste at landfill for non-hazar-douswastesetoutinaccordancewithAnnexII;
(iii) stable, non-reactive hazardous wastes (e.g. solidified, vitri-
fied), with leaching behaviour equivalent tothoseofthe non-
hazardouswastesreferredtoinpoint(ii),whichfulfiltherele-
vant acceptance criteria set out in accordance with Annex II.Thesehazaroudswastesshallnotbedepositedincellsdestinedforbiodegradablenon-hazardouswaste,
(d) inertwastelandfillsitesshallbeusedonlyforinertwaste.
Article 7
Applicationforapermit
Member States shall take measures in order that the application for a
landfillpermitmustcontainatleastparticularsofthefollowing:
(a) the identity of the applicant and of the operator when they are
differententities;
(b) thedescriptionofthetypesandtotalquantityofwastetobedepos-
ited;
(c) theproposedcapacityofthedisposalsite;
(d) thedescriptionofthesite,includingitshydrogeologicalandgeolo-
gicalcharacteristics;
(e) theproposedmethodsforpollutionpreventionandabatement;
(f) theproposedoperation,monitoringandcontrolplan;
(g) theproposedplanfortheclosureandafter-careprocedures;(h) where an impact assessment is required under Council Directive
85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects ofcertainpublicandprivateprojectsontheenvironment(
1),theinfor-
mation provided by the developer in accordance with Article 5 ofthatDirective;
(i) the financial security by the applicant, or any other equivalent
provision,asrequiredunderArticle8(a)(iv)ofthisDirective.
Following a successful application for a permit, this information shall
bemadeavailabletothecompetentnationalandCommunitystatistical
authoritieswhenrequestedforstatisticalpurposes.
Article 8
Conditionsofthepermit
MemberStatesshalltakemeasuresinorderthat:
(a) thecompetentauthoritydoesnotissuealandfillpermitunlessitis
satisfiedthat:
(i) without prejudice to Article 3(4) and (5), the landfill project
complies with all the relevant requirements of this Directive,
includingtheAnnexes;
(ii) the management of the landfill site will be in the hands of a
natural person who is technically competent to manage thesite; professional and technical development and training oflandfilloperatorsandstaffareprovided;
(iii) thelandfillshallbeoperatedinsuchamannerthattheneces-
sary measures are taken to prevent accidents and limit their
consequences;
(iv) adequate provisions, by way of a financial security or any
other equivalent, on the basis of modalities to be decided by1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—9
(1) OJL175,5.7.1985,p.40.DirectiveasamendedbyDirective97/11/EC(OJ
L73,14.3.1997,p.5).
▼B
Member States, has been or will be made by the applicant
prior to the commencement of disposal operations to ensurethat the obligations (including after-care provisions) arising
underthe permit issuedundertheprovisionsofthisDirective
are discharged and that the closure procedures required byArticle 13 are followed. This security or its equivalent shallbe kept as long as required by maintenance and after-careoperationofthesiteinaccordancewithArticle13(d).Member
States may declare, at their own option, that this point does
notapplytolandfillsforinertwaste;
(b) the landfill project is in line with the relevant waste management
planorplansreferredtoinArticle7ofDirective75/442/EEC;
(c) prior to the commencement of disposal operations, the competent
authority shall inspect the site in order to ensure that it complies
with the relevant conditions of the permit. This will not reduce inany way the responsibility of the operator under the conditions ofthepermit.
Article 9
Contentofthepermit
Specifying and supplementing the provisions set out in Article 9 of
Directive75/442/EECandArticle9ofDirective96/61/EC,thelandfill
permitshallstateatleastthefollowing:
(a) theclassofthelandfill;
(b) the list of defined types and the total quantity of waste which are
authorisedtobedepositedinthelandfill;
(c) requirementsforthelandfillpreparations,landfillingoperationsand
monitoring and control procedures, including contingency plans(AnnexIII,point 4.B),aswell as provisional requirements forthe
closureandafter-careoperations;
(d) the obligation on the applicant to report at least annually to the
competent authority on the types and quantities of waste disposedof and on the results of the monitoring programme as required inArticles12and13andAnnexIII.
Article 10
Costofthelandfillofwaste
Member States shall take measures to ensure that all of the costs
involvedinthesettingupandoperationofalandfillsite,includingasfar as possible the cost of the financial security or its equivalentreferred to in Article 8(a)(iv), and the estimated costs of the closureand after-care of the site for a period of at least 30 years shall be
covered bythepricetobecharged bythe operator forthedisposalof
any type of waste in that site. Subject to the requirements of CouncilDirective 90/313/EEC of 7 June 1990 on the freedomof access toinformationontheenvironment(
1)MemberStatesshallensuretranspar-
encyinthecollectionanduseofanynecessarycostinformation.
Article 11
Wasteacceptance procedures
1. Member States shall take measures in order that prior to
acceptingthewasteatthelandfillsite:
(a) beforeoratthetimeofdelivery,orofthefirstinaseriesofdeliv-
eries,providedthetypeofwasteremainsunchanged,theholderor
theoperatorcanshow,bymeansoftheappropraitedocumentation,thatthewasteinquestioncanbeacceptedatthatsiteaccordingtothe conditions set in the permit, and that it fulfils the acceptancecriteriasetoutinAnnexII;1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—10
(1) OJL158,23.6.1990,p.56.
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(b) thefollowingreceptionproceduresarerespectedbytheoperator:
— checking of the waste documentation, including those docu-
ments required by Article 5(3) of Directive 91/689/EEC and,wheretheyapply,thoserequired byCouncil Regulation (EEC)No259/93of1February1993onthesupervisionandcontrolofshipments of waste within, into and out of the European
Community(
1);
— visualinspectionofthewasteattheentranceandatthepointof
deposit and, asappropriate, verification ofconformity with thedescription provided in the documentation submitted by theholder. If representative samples have to be taken in order toimplementAnnexII,point3,level3,theresultsoftheanalysesshallbekeptandthesamplingshallbemadeinconformitywith
Annex II, point 5. These samples shall be kept at least one
month;
— keeping a register of the quantities and characteristics of the
waste deposited, indicating origin, date of delivery, identity ofthe producer or collector in the case of municipal waste, and,inthecaseofhazardouswaste,thepreciselocationonthesite.This information shall be made available to the competent
national and Community statistical authorities when requested
forstatisticalpurposes;
(c) the operator of the landfill shall always provide written acknowl-
edgementofreceiptofeachdeliveryaceptedonthesite;
(d) without prejudice to the provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 259/
93, if waste is not accepted at a landfill the operator shall notify
without delay the competent authority of the non-acceptance of
thewaste.
2. For landfill sites which have been exempted from provisions of
this Directive by virtue of Article 3(4) and (5), Member States shalltakethenecessarymeasurestoprovidefor:
— regular visual inspection of the waste at the point of deposit in
order to ensure that only non-hazardous waste fromthe island ortheisolatedsettlementisacceptedatthesite;and
— aregisteronthequantitiesofwastethataredepositedatthesitebe
kept.
Member States shall ensure that information on the quantities and,
where possible, the type of waste going to such exempted sites formspartoftheregularreportstotheCommissionontheimplementationoftheDirective.
Article 12
Controlandmonitoringproceduresintheoperationalphase
MemberStatesshalltakemeasuresinorderthatcontrolandmonitoring
proceduresintheoperationalphasemeetatleastthefollowingrequire-
ments:
(a) the operator of a landfill shall carry out during the operational
phase a control and monitoring programme as specified in AnnexIII;
(b) theoperatorshallnotifythecompetent authorityofanysignificant
adverse environmental effects revealed by the control and moni-toring procedures and follow the decision of the competentauthority on the nature and timing of the corrective measures to
be taken. These measures shall be undertaken at the expense of
theoperator.
Atafrequencytobedeterminedbythecompetentauthority,andin
any event at least once a year, the operator shall report, on the
basis of aggregated data, all monitoring results to the competentauthorities for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—11
(1) OJL30,6.2.1993,p.1.RegulationasamendedbyRegulation(EC)No120/
97(OJL22,24.1.1997,p.14).
▼B
permitconditionsandincreasingtheknowledgeonwastebehaviour
inthelandfills;
(c) the quality control of the analytical operations of the control and
monitoringproceduresand/oroftheanalysesreferredtoinArticle11(1)(b)arecarriedoutbycompetentlaboratories.
Article 13
Closureandafter-care procedures
MemberStatesshalltakemeasuresinorderthat,inaccordance,where
appropriate,withthepermit:
(a) alandfillorpartofitshallstarttheclosureprocedure:
(i) whentherelevantconditionsstatedinthepermitaremet;or
(ii) under the authorisation of the competent authority, at the
requestoftheoperator;or
(iii) byreasoneddecisionofthecompetentauthority;
(b) alandfill orpartofitmayonlybeconsidered asdefinitely closed
afterthecompetentauthorityhascarriedoutafinalon-siteinspec-tion,hasassessedallthereportssubmittedbytheoperatorandhascommunicated to the operator its approval for the closure. This
shallnotinanywayreducetheresponsibilityoftheoperatorunder
theconditionsofthepermit;
(c) after a landfill has been definitely closed, the operator shall be
responsible for its maintenance, monitoring and control in the
after-care phase for as long as may be required by the competent
authority, taking into account the time during which the landfillcouldpresenthazards.
Theoperatorshallnotifythecompetentauthorityofanysignificant
adverse environmental effects revealed by the control procedures
and shall follow the decision of the competent authority on thenatureandtimingofthecorrectivemeasurestobetaken;
(d) for as long as the competent authority considers that a landfill is
likely to cause a hazard to the environment and without prejudice
toanyCommunityornationallegislationasregardsliabilityofthewasteholder,theoperatorofthesiteshallberesponsibleformoni-toringandanalysinglandfillgasandleachatefromthesiteandthegroundwater regime in the vicinity of the site in accordance withAnnexIII.
Article 14
Existinglandfillsites
Member States shall take measures in order that landfills which have
been granted a permit, or which are already in operation at the time
of transposition of this Directive, may not continue to operate unlessthe steps outlined below are accomplished as soon as possible andwithineightyearsafterthedatelaiddowninArticle18(1)atthelatest:
(a) withaperiodofoneyearafterthedatelaiddowninArticle18(1),
theoperatorofalandfillshallprepareandpresenttothecompetent
authorities, for their approval, a conditioning plan for the site
including the particulars listed in Article 8 and any correctivemeasures which the operator considers will be needed in order tocomply with the requirements of this Directive with the exceptionoftherequirementsinAnnexI,point1;
(b) following the presentation of the conditioning plan, the competent
authoritiesshalltakeadefinitedecisiononwhetheroperationsmaycontinueonthebasisofthesaidconditioningplanandthisDirec-tive. Member States shall take the necessary measures to closedownassoonaspossible,inaccordance withArticle 7(g)and13,
siteswhichhavenotbeengranted,inaccordancewithArticle8,a
permittocontinuetooperate;
(c) onthe basisof the approved site-conditioning plan, the competent
authority shall authorise the necessary work and shall lay down a1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—12
▼B
transitional period for the completion of the plan. Any existing
landfill shall comply with the requirements of this Directive withtheexception oftherequirements inAnnexI,point1withineight
yearsafterthedatelaiddowninArticle18(1);
(d) (i) withinoneyearafterthedatelaiddowninArticle18(1),Arti-
cles 4, 5, and 11 and Annex II shall apply to landfills forhazardouswaste;
(ii) within three years after the date laid down in Article 18(1),
Article6shallapplytolandfillsforhazardouswaste.
Article 15
Obligationtoreport
AtintervalsofthreeyearsMemberStatesshallsendtotheCommission
a report on the implementation of this Directive, paying particularattention tothenationalstrategiestobesetupinpursuanceofArticle5. The report shall be drawn up on the basis of a questionnaire oroutline drafted by the Commission in accordance with the procedurelaid down in Article 6 of Directive 91/692/EEC(
1) The questionnaire
or outline shall be sent to Member States six months before the start
of the period covered by the report. The report shall be sent to theCommission within nine months of the end of the three-year periodcoveredbyit.
TheCommissionshallpublishaCommunityreportontheimplementa-
tionofthisDirectivewithinninemonthsofreceivingthereportsfromtheMemberStates.
Article 16
Committee
AnyamendmentsnecessaryforadaptingtheAnnexestothisDirective
toscientificandtechnicalprogressandanyproposalsforthestandardi-sation of control, sampling and analysis methods in relation to the
landfill of waste shall be adopted by the Commission, assisted by the
Committee established by Article 18 of Directive 75/442/EEC and inaccordance with the procedure set out in Article 17 of this Directive.Any amendments to the Annexes shall only be made in line with theprincipleslaiddowninthisDirectiveasexpressedintheAnnexes.Tothis end, as regards Annex II, the following shall be observed by the
Committee: taking into account the general principles and general
procedures for testing and acceptance criteria as set out in Annex II,specificcriteriaand/ortestmethodsandassociatedlimitvaluesshouldbesetforeachclassoflandfill,includingifnecessaryspecifictypesoflandfillwithineachclass,includingundergroundstorage.Proposalsforthe standardisation of control, sampling and analysis methods in rela-
tion to the Annexes of this Directive shall be adopted by the
Commission, assisted by the Committee, within two years after theentryintoforceofthisDirective.
TheCommission,assistedbytheCommittee,willadoptprovisionsfor
the harmonisation and regular transmission of the statistical datereferred to in Articles 5, 7 and 11 of this Directive, within two yearsafter the entryintoforceofthisDirective, andfortheamendments ofsuchprovisionswhennecessary.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—13
(1) OJL377,31.12.1991,p.48.
▼M1
Article 17
1. TheCommissionshallbeassistedbyacommittee.2. WherereferenceismadetothisArticle,Articles5and7ofDeci-
sion 1999/468/EC(
1) shall apply, having regard to the provisions of
Article8thereof.
TheperiodlaiddowninArticle5(6)ofDecision1999/468/ECshallbe
setatthreemonths.
3. TheCommitteeshalladoptitsrulesofprocedure.
Article 18
Transposition
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive notlater than two years after its entry into force. They shall forthwithinformtheCommissionthereof.
WhenMemberStatesadoptthesemeasures,theyshallcontainarefer-
encetothisDirectiveorshallbeaccompaniedbysuchreferenceonthe
occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such areferenceshallbelaiddownbyMemberStates.
2. Member States shall communicate the texts of the provisions of
nationallawwhichtheyadoptinthefieldcoveredbythisDirectivetotheCommission.
Article 19
Entryintoforce
ThisDirectivewillenterintoforceonthedayofitspublicationinthe
Official Journal of the European Communities .
Article 20
Addressees
ThisDirectiveisaddressedtotheMemberStates.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—14
(1) CouncilDecision1999/468/ECof28June1999layingdowntheprocedures
forthe exercise ofimplementing powersconferred onthe Commission(OJ
L184,17.7.1999,p.23).▼B
▼B
ANNEX I
GENERALREGUIREMENTSFORALLCLASSESOFLANDFILLS
1.Location
1.1. Thelocationofalandfillmusttakeintoconsiderationrequirementsrelating
to:
(a) thedistancesfromtheboundaryofthesitetoresidentialandrecreation
areas,waterways,waterbodiesandotheragriculturalorurbansites;
(b) the existence of groundwater, coastal water or nature protection zones
inthearea;
(c) thegeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditionsinthearea;
(d) theriskofflooding,subsidence,landslidesoravalanchesonthesite;
(e) theprotectionofthenatureorculturalpatrimonyinthearea.
1.2. The landfill can be authorised only if the characteristics of the site with
respect tothe abovementioned requirements, orthecorrective measures to
be taken, indicate that the landfill does not pose a serious environmental
risk.
2.Watercontrolandleachate management
Appropriate measures shall be taken, with respect to the characteristics of
thelandfillandthemeteorologicalconditions,inorderto:
— controlwaterfromprecipitationsenteringintothelandfillbody,
— prevent surface water and/or groundwater fromentering into the land-
filledwaste,
— collect contaminated water and leachate. If an assessment based on
considerationofthelocationofthelandfillandthewastetobeaccepted
showsthatthelandfillposesnopotentialhazardtotheenvironment,the
competentauthoritymaydecidethatthisprovisiondoesnotapply,
— treatcontaminatedwaterandleachatecollectedfromthelandfilltothe
appropriatestandardrequiredfortheirdischarge.
Theaboveprovisionsmaynotapplytolandfillsforinertwaste.
3.Protection ofsoilandwater
3.1. Alandfillmustbesituatedanddesignedsoastomeetthenecessarycondi-
tionsforpreventingpollutionofthesoil,groundwaterorsurfacewaterand
ensuringefficientcollectionofleachateasandwhenrequiredaccordingto
Section 2. Protection of soil, groundwater and surface water is to be
achieved by the combination of a geological barrier and a bottom liner
duringtheoperational/active phaseandbythecombinationofageological
barrier and a bottomliner during the operational/active phase and by the
combination of a geological barrier and a top liner during the passive
phase/postclosure.
3.2. The geological barrier is determined by geological and hydrogeological
conditions below and in the vicinity of a landfill site providing sufficient
attenuationcapacitytopreventapotentialrisktosoilandgroundwater.
The landfill base andsidesshallconsistofamineral layer whichsatisfies
permeabilityandthicknessrequirementswithacombinedeffectintermsof
protectionofsoil,groundwaterandsurfacewateratleastequivalenttothe
oneresultingfromthefollowingrequirements:
— landfillforhazardouswaste:K ≤1,0×10−9m/s;thickness ≥5m,
— landfillfornon-hazardouswaste:K ≤1,0×10−9m/s;thickness ≥1m,
— landfillforinertwaste:K ≤1,0×10−7m/s;thickness ≥1m,
m/s:meter/second.Where thegeological barrier doesnotnaturally meet theaboveconditions
it can be completed artificially and reinforced by other means giving
equivalent protection. An artificially established geological barrier should
benolessthan0,5metresthick.
3.3. In addition to the geological barrier described above a leachate collection
andsealingsystemmustbeaddedinaccordancewiththefollowingprinci-
plessoastoensurethatleachateaccumulationatthebaseofthelandfillis
kepttoaminimum:1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—15
▼B
Leachate collection and bottom sealing
Landfillcategory nonhazardous hazardous
Artificialsealingliner required required
Drainagelayer ≥0,5mrequired required
Member States may set general or specific requirements for inert waste
landfillsandforthecharacteristicsoftheabovementionedtechnicalmeans.
Ifthecompetent authority afteraconsideration ofthepotential hazards to
the environment finds that the prevention of leachate formation is neces-
sary, a surface sealing may be prescribed. Recommendations for the
surfacesealingareasfollows:
Landfillcategory nonhazardous hazardous
Gasdrainagelayer required notrequired
Artificialsealingliner notrequired requiredImpermeableminerallayer required required
Drainagelayer>0,5mrequired required
Topsoilcover>1mrequired required.
3.4. If,onthebasisofanassessmentofenvironmentalriskstakingintoaccount,
inparticular,Directive80/68/EEC(
1),thecompetentauthorityhasdecided,
in accordance with Section 2 (‘Water control and leachate management’),
that collection and treatment of leachate is not necessary or it has been
established that the landfill poses no potential hazard to soil, groundwater
orsurfacewater,therequirementsinparagraphs3.2and3.3abovemaybe
reduced accordingly. In the case of landfills for inert waste these require-
mentsmaybeadaptedbynationallegislation.
3.5. Themethodtobeusedforthedeterminationofthepermeabilitycoefficient
for landfills, in the field and for the whole extension of the site, is to be
developed andapprovedbytheCommittee setupunderArticle 17ofthis
Directive.
4.Gascontrol
4.1. Appropriate measures shall be taken in order to control the accumulation
andmigrationoflandfillgas(AnnexIII).
4.2. Landfill gas shall be collected fromall landfills receiving biodegradable
waste and the landfill gas must be treated and used. If the gas collected
cannotbeusedtoproduceenergy,itmustbeflared.
4.3. Thecollection, treatment anduseoflandfill gasunderparagraph4.2shall
be carried on in a manner which minimises damage to or deterioration of
theenvironmentandrisktohumanhealth.
5.Nuisancesandhazards
Measuresshallbetakentominimisenuisancesandhazardsarisingfromthe
landfillthrough:
— emissionsofodoursanddust,
— wind-blownmaterials,
— noiseandtraffic,— birds,verminandinsects,
— formationandaerosols,
— fires.
The landfill shall be equipped so that dirt originating fromthe site is not
dispersedontopublicroadsandthesurroundingland.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—16
(1) OJL 20,26.1.1980, p.43. Directive aslast amended byDirective 91/692/EEC(OJL
377,31.12.1991,p.48).
▼B
6.Stability
Theemplacementofwasteonthesiteshalltakeplaceinsuchawayasto
ensurestabilityofthemassofwasteandassociatedstructures,particularly
in respect of avoidance of slippages. Where an artificial barrier is estab-
lished it must be ascertained that the geological substratum, considering
the morphology of the landfill, is sufficiently stable to prevent settlement
thatmaycausedamagetothebarrier.
7.Barriers
The landfill shall be secured to prevent free access to the site. The gates
shall be locked outside operating hours.The systemof control and access
to each facility should contain a programme of measures to detect and
discourageillegaldumpinginthefacility.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—17
▼B
ANNEX II
WASTEACCEPTANCECRITERIAANDPROCEDURES
1.Introduction
ThisAnnexdescribes:
— generalprinciplesforacceptance ofwasteatthevariousclassesofland-
fills. The future waste classification procedure should be based on these
principles,
— guidelines outlining preliminary waste acceptance procedures to be
followed until a uniformwaste classification and acceptance procedure
has been developed. This procedure will, together with the relevant
sampling procedures, be developed by the technical Committee referred
toinArticle16ofthisDirective.ThetechnicalCommitteeshalldevelop
criteria which have to be fulfilled for certain hazardous waste to be
accepted in landfills for non-hazardous waste. These criteria should, in
particular, take into account the short, medium and long term leaching
behaviour of such waste. These criteria shall be developed within two
years of the entry into force of this Directive. The technical Committee
shall also develop criteria which have to be fulfilled for waste to be
accepted in underground storage. These criteria must take into account,
inparticular,thatthewasteisnottobeexpectedtoreactwitheachother
andwiththerock.
This work by the technical Committee, with the exception of proposals for
the standardisation of control, sampling and analysis methods in relation to
theAnnexesofthisDirective whichshallbeadopted withintwoyearsafter
the entry into force of this Directive, shall be completed within three years
fromthe entry into force of this Directive and m ust be carried out having
regardtotheobjectivessetforthinArticle1ofthisDirective.
2.General principles
Thecomposition,leachability,long-termbehaviourandgeneralpropertiesof
a waste to be landfilled must be known as precisely as possible. Waste
acceptance at a landfill can be based either on lists of accepted or refused
waste,definedbynatureandorigin,andonwasteanalysismethodsandlimit
valuesforthepropertiesofthewastetobeaccepted.Thefuturewasteaccep-
tanceproceduresdescribedinthisDirectiveshallasfaraspossiblebebased
onstandardisedwasteanalysismethodsandlimitvaluesforthepropertiesof
wastetobeaccepted.
Before the definition of such analysis methods and limit values, Member
States shouldatleast setnational listsofwasteto be accepted orrefusesat
each class of landfill, or defined the criteria required to be on the lists. In
order to be accepted at a particular class of landfill, a type of waste must
be on the relevant national list or fulfil criteria similar to those required to
beonthelist.Theselists,ortheequivalentcriteria,andtheanalysismethods
and limit values shall be sent to the Commission within six months of the
transpositionofthisDirectiveorwhenevertheyareadoptedatnationallevel.
These lists or acceptance criteria should be used to establish site specific
lists, i.e. the list of accepted waste specified in the permit in accordance
withArticle9ofthisDirective.
The criteria for acceptance of waste on the reference lists or at a class of
landfillmaybebasedonotherlegislationand/oronwasteproperties.
Criteria for acceptance at a specific class of landfill must be derived from
considerationspertainingto:
— protectionofthesurroundingenvironment(inparticulargroundwaterand
surfacewater),
— protection of the environmental protection systems (e.g. liners and
leachatetreatmentsystems),
— protectionofthedesiredwaste-stabilisationprocesseswithinthelandfill,— protectionagainsthuman-healthhazards.
Examplesofwasteproperty-basedcriteriaare:
— requirementsonknowledgeoftotalcomposition,
— limitationsontheamountoforganicmatterinthewaste,— requirements or limitations on the biodegradability of the organic waste
components,
— limitations on the amount of specified, potentially harmful/hazardous
components(inrelationtotheabovementionedprotectioncriteria),1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—18
▼B
— limitationsonthepotentialandexpectedleachabilityofspecified,poten-
tially harmful/hazardous components (in relation to the abovementioned
protectioncriteria),
— ecotoxicologicalpropertiesofthewasteandtheresultingleachate.
The property-based criteria for acceptance of waste must generally be most
extensive for inert waste landfills and can be less extensive for non-hazar-
dous waste landfills and least extensive for hazardous waste landfills owing
tothehigherenvironmentalprotectionlevelofthelattertwo.
3.General proceduresfortestingandacceptanceofwaste
The general characterisation and testing of waste must be based on the
followingthree-levelhierarchy:
Level 1: Basic characterisation. This constitutes a thorough determina-
tion, according to standardised analysis and behaviour-testing
methods, of the short and long-term leaching behaviour and/or
characteristicpropertiesofthewaste.
Level 2: Compliance testing. This constitutes periodical testing by
simpler standardised analysis and behaviour-testing methods to
determine whether a waste complies with permit conditions
and/or specific reference criteria. The tests focus on key vari-
ablesandbehaviouridentifiedbybasiccharacterisation.
Level 3: On-site verification. This constitutes rapid check methods to
confirmthat a waste is the sam e as that which has been
subjected to compliance testing and that which is described in
theaccompanyingdocuments.Itmaymerelyconsistofavisual
inspection of a load of waste before and after unloading at the
landfillsite.
A particular type of waste must normally be characterised at Level 1 and
pass the appropriate criteria in order to be accepted on a reference list. In
order to remain on a site-specific list, a particular type of waste must a
regularintervals(e.g.annually)betestedatLevel2andpasstheappropriate
criteria. Each wasteload arriving atthegateofalandfill mustbesubjected
toLevel3verification.
Certain waste types may be exempted permanently to temporarily from
testingatLevel1.Thismaybeduetoimpracticabilitytotesting,tounavail-
ability of appropriate testing procedures and acceptance criteria or to
overridinglegislation.
4.Guidelinesforpreliminary wasteacceptanceprocedures
Until this Annex is fully completed only Level 3 testing is mandatory and
Level1andLevel2appliedtotheextentpossible.Atthispreliminarystage
waste to be accepted at a particular class of landfill must either be on a
restrictive national or site-specific list for that class of landfill or fulfil
criteriasimilartothoserequiredtogetonthelist.
Thefollowinggeneralguidelines maybeusedtosetpreliminary criteria for
acceptanceofwasteatthethreemajorclassesoflandfillorthecorresponding
lists.
Inert waste landfills: only inert waste as defined in Article 2(e) can be
acceptedonthelist.
Non-hazardous waste landfills: in order to be accepted on the list a waste
typemustnotbecoveredbyDirective91/689/EEC.
Hazardous waste landfills: apreliminaryroughlistforhazardouswasteland-
fills would consist of only those waste types covered by Directive 91/689/
EEC.Suchwastetypesshould,howevernotbeaccepted onthelist without
prior treatment if they exhibit total contents or leachability of potentially
hazardous components that are highenoughtoconstitute ashort-term occu-
pational or environmental risk or to prevent sufficient waste stabilisation
withintheprojectedlifetimeofthelandfill.
5.Samplingofwaste
Samplingofwastemayposeseriousproblemswithrespecttorepresentation
and techniques owing to the heterogeneous nature of many wastes. A
European standardfor samplingofwastewill bedeveloped. Until thisstan-
dard is approved by Member States in accordance with Article 17 of this
Directive,theMemberStatesmayapplynationalstandardsandprocedures.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—19
▼B
ANNEX III
CONTROL ANDMONITORING PROCED URES IN OPERATION AND
AFTER-CAREPHASES
1.Introduction
ThepurposeofthisAnnexistoprovidetheminimum proceduresformoni-
toringtobecarriedouttocheck:
— that waste has been accepted to disposal in accordance with the criteria
setforthecategoryoflandfillinquestion,
— thattheprocesseswithinthelandfillproceedasdesired,
— that the environmental protection systems are functioning fully as
intended,
— thatthepermitconditionsforthelandfillarefulfilled.
2.Meteorological data
Under their reporting obligation (Article 15), Member States should supply
data on the collection method for meteorological data. It us up to Member
Statestodecidehowthedatashouldbecollected ( in situ,nationalmeteoro-
logicalnetwork,etc.).
Should Member States decide that water balances are an effective tool for
evaluating whether leachate is building up in the landfill body or whether
the site is leaking, it is recommended that the following data are collected
from monitoring at the landfill or from the nearest meteorological station,
as long as required by the competent authority in accordance with Article
13(c)ofthisDirective:
Operationphase After-carephase
1.1.Volumeofprecipitation daily daily,addedtomonthly
values
1.2.Temperature(min.,max.,14.00hCET) daily monthlyaverage
1.3.Directionandforceofprevailingwind daily notrequired
1.4.Evaporation(lysimeter)(1) daily daily,addedtomonthly
values
1.5.Atmospherichumidity(14.00hCET) daily monthlyaverage
(1) Orthroughothersuitablemethods.
3.Emissiondata:water,leachateandgascontrol
Samplingofleachateandsurfacewaterifpresentmustbecollectedatrepre-
sentative points. Sampling and measuring (volume and composition) of
leachate must be performed separately at each point at which leachate is
discharged fromthe site. Reference: general guidelines on sam pling tech-
nology,ISO5667-2(1991).
Monitoring of surface water is present shall be carried out at not less than
twopoints,oneupstreamfromthelandfillandonedownstream.
Gas monitoring must be representative for each section of the landfill. The
frequency of sampling and analysis is listed in the following table. For
leachateandwater,asample,representativeoftheaveragecomposition,shall
betakenformonitoring.
Thefrequencyofsamplingcouldbeadaptedonthebasisofthemorphology
ofthelandfillwaste(intumulus,buried,etc).Thishastobespecifiedinthe
permit.
Operatingphase After-carephase(3)
2.1.Leachatevolume monthly(1)(3) everysixmonths
2.2.Leachatecomposition(2) quarterly(3) everysixmonths
2.3.Volumeandcompositionofsurfacewater(7) quarterly(3) everysixmonths1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—20
▼B
Operatingphase After-carephase(3)
2.4.Potentialgasemissionsandatmosphericpres-
sure(4)(CH4,CO2,O2,H2S,H2etc.)monthly(3)(5) everysixmonths(6)
(1) Thefrequencyofsamplingcouldbeadaptedonthebasisofthemorphologyofthelandfillwaste(intumulus,buried,
etc.).Thishastobespecifiedinthepermit.
(2) The parameters to be measured and the substances to be analysed vary according to the composition of the waste
deposited;theymustbelaiddowninthepermitdocumentandreflecttheleachingcharacteristicsofthewastes.
(3) If the evaluation of data indicates that longer intervals are equally effective, they may be adapted. For leachates,
conductivitymustalwaysbemeasuredatleastonceayear.
(4) Theasemeasurementsarerelatedmainlytothecontentoforganicmaterialinthewaste.
(5)C H4,CO2,O2,regularly,othergasesasrequired,accordingtothecompositionofthewastedeposited,withaviewto
reflectingitsleachingproperties.
(6) Efficiencyofthegasextractionsystemmustbecheckedregularly.
(7) Onthebasisofthecharacteristicsofthelandfillsite,thecompetentauthoritymaydeterminethatthesemeasurements
are not required, and willreport accordingly in the way laid downin Article 15 of the Directive.2.1and 2.2apply
onlywhereleachatecollectiontakesplace(seeAnnexI(2)).
4.Protection ofgroundwater
A.Sampling
The measurements must be such as to provide information on ground-
waterlikelytobeaffectedbythedischargingofwaste,withatleastone
measuringpointinthegroundwaterinflowregionandtwointheoutflow
region.Thisnumbercanbeincreasedonthebasisofaspecifichydrogeo-
logical survey and the need for an early identification of accidental
leachatereleaseinthegroundwater.
Samplingmustbecarriedoutinatleastthreelocationsbeforethefilling
operations in order to establish reference values for future sampling.
Reference:SamplingGroundwaters,ISO5667,Part11,1993.
B.Monitoring
Theparameterstobeanalysedinthesamplestakenmustbederivedfrom
the expected composition of the leachate and the groundwater quality in
thearea.Inselectingtheparametersforanalysisaccountshouldbetaken
of mobility in the groundwater zone. Parameters could include indicator
parameters in order to ensure an early recognition of change in water
quality(1).
Operationphase After-carephase
Levelofgroundwater everysixmonths(1) everysixmonths(1)
Groundwatercomposition site-specific
frequency(2)(3)site-specific
frequency(2)(3)
(1) Iftherearefluctuatinggroundwaterlevels,thefrequencymustbeincreased.
(2) The frequency must be based on possibility for remedial actions between two samplings if a trigger level is
reached,i.e.thefrequency mustbedetermined onthebasisofknowledge andtheevaluationofthevelocity ofgroundwaterflow.
(
3) Whenatriggerlevelisreached(seeC),verificationisnecessarybyrepeatingthesampling.Whenthelevelhas
beenconfirmed,acontingencyplan(laiddowninthepermit)mustbefollowed.
C.Trigger levels
Significant adverse environmental effects, as referred to in Articles 12
and 13 of this Directive, should be considered to have occurred in the
caseofgroundwater,whenananalysisofagroundwatersampleshowsa
significant change in water quality. A trigger level must be determined
takingaccountofthespecifichydrogeologicalformationsinthelocation
of the landfill and groundwater quality. The trigger level must be laid
downinthepermitwheneverpossible.
The observations must be evaluated by means of control charts with
established control rules and levels for each downgradient well. The
control levels must be determined from local variations in groundwater
quality.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—21
(1) Recommendedparameters:ph,TOC,phenols,heavymetals,fluoride,AS,oil/hydrocar-
bons.
▼B
5.Topographyofthesite:dataonthelandfillbody
Operatingphase After-carephase
5.1.Structureandcompositionoflandfillbody(1) yearly
5.2.Settlingbehaviourofthelevelofthelandfill
bodyyearly yearlyreading
(1) Data for the status plan of the concerned landfill: surface occupied by waste, volume and composition of waste,
methods of depositing, time and duration of depositing, calculation of the remaining capacity still available at the
landfill.1999L0031—EN—20.11.2003—001.001—22