1990R2676 — EN — 09.03.2005 — 010.001

This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents

Amended by:









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COMMISSION REGULATION (EEC) No 000/90

of 17 September 1990

determining Community methods for the analysis of wines







THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 822/87 of 16 March 1987 on the common organization of the market in wine ( 1 ), as amended by Regulation (EEC) No 1325/90 ( 2 ), and in particular Article 74 thereof, Whereas Article 74 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 822/87 prescribes the adoption of methods of analysis for establishing the composition of the products indicated in Article 1 of that Regulation and of rules for checking whether these products have been subjected to treatments in violation of authorized oenological pratice; Whereas, inasmuch as the Community has not yet laid down maximum levels for substances whose presence indicates that certain oenological practices have been used and has not yet adopted tables enabling analysis data to be compared, there is good reason to authorize Member States to determine such maximum levels; Whereas Article 13 (1) of Regulation (EEC) No 822/87 provides for an analytical test, including at the least an assessment of the characteristics, as listed in the Annex to that Regulation, of the quality wine psr in question; Whereas the verification of the particulars on documents concerning the products in question calls for the introduction of uniform methods of analysis to ensure that accurate and comparable information is obtained; whereas, consequently, these methods should be compulsory for all commercial transactions and all verification procedures; whereas, however, in view of the trade's limited facilities, a restricted number of usual procedures should be admitted enabling the requisite factors to be determined rapidly and with reasonable accuracy; Whereas, as far as is possible, generally recognized methods such as those developed under the 1954 International Convention for the Unification of Methods of Analysis and Appraisal of Wines, which are published in the Recueil des méthodes internationales d'analyse des vins (Compendium of international methods for the analysis of wines) by the International Office of Vine and Wine, may usefully be retained; Whereas the Community methods of analysis applicable to wine were laid down in Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1108/82 ( 3 ); whereas scientific progress has made it necessary to replace certain of the methods by some that are more suitable, to modify others, and to introduce new methods, particularly those approved since the aforesaid Regulation by the International Office of Vine and Wine; whereas, because of the profusion and complexity of these changes, all the analyses should be reassembled in a new Regulation, and Regulation (EEC) No 1108/82 should be repealed; Whereas, in order to ensure the comparability of the results obtained by applying the analytical methods referred to in Article 74 of Regulation (EEC) No 822/87, steps should be taken to refer, in regard to the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of these results, to the definitions laid down by the International Office of Vine and Wine; Whereas, in order to recognize the scientific advances on the one hand and the technical equipment of official laboratories on the other, and with the aim of increasing the efficiency and profitability of these laboratories, there is good reason to allow automated analytical methods to be applied under certain conditions; whereas it is important to specify that, where a dispute arises, the automated methods may not replace the reference methods and the usual methods; Whereas the results of a density measurement using the automated method based on the principle of the frequency oscillator are, in respect of their accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility, at least as good as the results obtained by the methods listed in section 1 of the Annex to the present Regulation for measuring the density or specific gravity; whereas it is therefore indicated, by virtue of Article 74 (3) of Regulation (EEC) No 822/87, that this automated method shall be considered as equivalent to the said methods listed in the Annex to the present Regulation; Whereas the procedure described in Chapter 25 under point 2.2.3.3.2 in the Annex hereto for analysing the total sulphur dioxide content of wines and grape musts of a presumed content of less than 50 mg/l results in better extraction of that substance compared to the methods described in Chapter 13 under point 13.4 of the Annex to Regulation (EEC) No 1108/82; whereas the result is higher total sulphur dioxide contents of the products analysed, which may exceed, in particular, in the case of certain grape juices, the maximum limit laid down; whereas, in order to avoid difficulties in the disposal of grape juice already prepared at the time of entry into force of this Regulation and until such time as the production processes are adapted to result in more complete de-sulphiting of grape musts with fermentation arrested by the addition of alcohol, the procedure described in the abovementioned Regulation should be allowed to be used during a transitional period; Whereas the measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Management Committee for Wine, HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:







Article 1

1. The Community methods for the analysis of wine making it possible, in the context of commercial transactions and all control operations, to:

— establish the composition of the products listed in Article 1 of Regulation (EEC) No 822/87,

— check whether these products have been subjected to treatments in violation of authorized oenological practice,

are those set out in the Annex to this Regulation.

2. For substances for which reference methods and usual methods are prescribed, the results obtained by the use of the reference methods shall prevail.

Article 2

For the purposes of applying this Regulation:

(a) the repeatability shall be the value below which the absolute difference between the two single test results obtained on identical test material, under the same conditions (same operator, same apparatus, same laboratory and a short interval of time), may be expected to lie with a specified probability;

(b) the reproducibility shall be the value below which the absolute difference between two single test results obtained identical test material, under different conditions (different operators, different apparatus and/or different laboratories and/or different time), may be expected to lie with a specified probability.

The term ‘single test result’ shall be the value obtained when the standardized test method is applied fully and once to a single sample.

Unless otherwise stated, the probability shall be 95 %.

Article 3

1. Automated analytical methods shall be acceptable, under the responsibility of the Director of a laboratory on condition that the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of the results are at least equivalent to those of the results obtained by the analytical methods listed in the Annex.

Where a dispute arises, the methods listed in the Annex may not be replaced by automated methods.

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Article 4

Wherever mention is made of water for solution, dilution, or washing purposes, this shall mean distilled water or demineralized water of equivalent purity. All chemicals shall be of analytical reagent quality except where otherwise specified.

Article 5

Regulation (EEC) No 1108/82 is repealed.

However Article 1 (4) of that Regulation shall apply until 31 December 1990.

Article 6

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

It shall apply with effect from 1 October 1990.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.









ANNEX

1. DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY AT 20 °C

1. DEFINITIONS

The density is the mass per unit volume of wine or must at 20 °C. It is expressed in grams per millilitre and denoted by the symbol ρ 20 °C.

The specific gravity at 20 °C (or the 20 °C/20 °C relative density) is the ratio, expressed as a decimal number, of the density of a certain volume of the wine or must at 20 °C to the density of same volume water at the same temperature. It is denoted by the symbol

.

2. PRINCIPLE OF METHODS

The density and specific gravity at 20 °C are measured on a test sample:

— either by pigmentary: reference method,

— or by hydrometry or densimetry using a hydrostatic balance: usual methods.

Note:

For very accurate measurement, the density must be corrected for the effect of sulphur dioxide by using the formula:

ρ 20 °C = ρ′ 20 °C − 0,0006 × S

where ρ 20 °C = corrected density

ρ′ 20 °C = observed density

S = total quantity of sulphur dioxide in grams per litre

3. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF SAMPLE

If the wine or must contains appreciable quantities of carbon dioxide, remove most of it by stirring 250 ml of the wine in a 1-litre flask or by filtration under reduced pressure through 2 g of cotton wool placed in an extension tube.

4. REFERENCE METHOD

4.1. Apparatus:

Normal laboratory equipment, and in particular:

4.1.1. A Pyrex pycnometer ( 4 ), of approximately 100 ml capacity, with a removable ground-glass jointed thermometer calibrated in tenths of a degree from 10 to 30 °C (Figure 1). The thermometer must be standardized. Figure 1 The pycnometer and its tare The pycnometer has a side tube 25 mm in length and 1 mm (maximum) in internal diameter, ending in a conical ground joint. This side tube may be capped by a ‘reservoir stopper’ consisting of a conical ground-glass joint tube and terminating in a drawn-out section. This stopper serves as an expansion chamber. The two ground joints of the apparatus should be prepared with great care.

4.1.2. A tare bottle, consisting of a vessel with the same outside volume (to within at least 1 ml) as the pycnometer and with a mass equal to the mass of the pycnometer filled with a liquid of specific gravity 1,01 (sodium chloride solution 2,0 % m/v). A thermally insulated container, exactly fitting the body of the pycnometer.

4.1.3. A twin-pan balance with a range of at least 300 g and a sensitivity of 0,1 mg, or a single-pan balance with a range of at least 200 g and a sensitivity of 0,1 mg.

4.2. Calibration of pycnometer

Calibration of the pycnometer involves a determination of the following quantities:

— tare of the empty pycnometer,

— volume of the pycnometer at 20 °C,

— mass of the water-filled pycnometer at 20 °C.

4.2.1. Method using a twin-pan balance

Place the tare bottle on the left-hand pan of the balance and the clean and dry pycnometer, fitted with its ‘reservoir stopper’, on the right-hand pan. Add weights to the pan holding the pycnometer and record the weight required to establish equilibrium: let it be p grams.

Carefully fill the pycnometer with distilled water at the ambient temperature and fit the thermometer; carefully wipe the pycnometer dry and place it in the thermally insulated container. Mix it by inverting the container until the temperature reading on the thermometer is constant. Accurately adjust the level to the upper rim of the side tube. Wipe the side tube dry and put the reservoir stopper on; read the temperature t °C carefully, possibly correcting it for the inaccuracy in the temperature scale. Weigh the water-filled pycnometer against the tare and record the weight p′ in grams required to establish equilibrium.

Calculation ( 5 ):

Taring of empty pycnometer:

tare of empty pycnometer = p + m,

where m = mass of air contained in the pycnometer,

m = 0,0012 (p − p′).

Volume at 20 °C:

V 20 °C = (p + m − p′) · Ft ,

where Ft = a factor taken from Table I for the temperature t °C.

V 20 °C should be known to within ± 0,001 ml.

Mass of water at 20 °C:

M 20 °C = 0,998203 V 20 °C,

where 0,998203 is the density of water at 20 °C.

4.2.2. Method using a single-pan balance

Determine:

— the mass of the clean and dry pycnometer: let this be P,

— the mass of the pycnometer filled with water at t °C, following the procedure described in 4.2.1 above: let this be P 1,

— the mass of the tare: T 0.

Calculation (5) :

Taring of empty pycnometer:

tare of empty pycnometer = P − m,

where m = mass of air contained in the pycnometer,

m = 0,0012 (P 1 − P).

Volume at 20 °C:

V 20 °C = [P 1 − (P − m)] × Ft

where Ft = a factor taken from Table I for the temperature t °C.

The volume at 20 °C should be known to within ± 0,001 ml.

Mass of water at 20 °C:

M 20 °C = 0,998203 V 20 °C,

where 0,998203 is the density of water at 20 °C.

4.3. Method of measurement (5)

4.3.1. Method using twin-pan balance

Fill the pycnometer with the prepared test sample, following the procedure described in 4.2.1 above.

Let p″ be the weight in grams required to establish equilibrium at t °C.

Mass of liquid contained in the pycnometer = p + m − p″.

Apparent density at t °C:

Calculate the density at 20 °C using one of the correction tables given later, in accordance with the nature of the liquid being measured: dry wine (Table II), natural or concentrated must (Table III), sweet wine (Table IV).

The 20 °C/20 °C specific gravity of the wine is calculated by dividing its density at 20 °C by 0,998203.

4.3.2. Method using a single-pan balance ( 6 )

Weigh the tare bottle and let its mass be T.

Calculate dT = T 1 − T 0.

Mass of the empty pycnometer at the time of measurement = P − m + dT.

Weigh the pycnometer filled with the prepared test sample, following the procedure described in 4.2.1 above. Let its mass at t °C be P 2.

Mass of liquid contained in pycnometer at t °C = P 2 − (P − m + dT)

Apparent density at t °C:

Calculate the density at 20 °C of the liquid under test (dry wine, natural or concentrated must, or sweet wine) as indicated in 4.3.1 above.

The 20 °C/20 °C specific gravity is calculated by dividing the density at 20 °C by 0,998203.

4.3.3. The repeatability of the density measurements for dry and semi-sweet wines: r = 0,00010, and for sweet wines: r = 0,00018.

4.3.4. The reproducibility of the density measurements: for dry and semi-sweet wines: R = 0,00037, and for sweet wines: R = 0,00045.

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6. EXAMPLE OF THE CALCULATION OF THE DENSITY AT 20 °C AND THE 20 °C/20 °C SPECIFIC GRAVITY (REFERENCE METHOD)

6.1. Pycnometry using a twin-pan balance

6.1.1. Standardization of the pycnometer:

1. Weighing of clean dry pycnometer: Tare = pycnometer + p p = 104,9454 g

2. Weighing of pycnometer filled with water at t °C: Tare = pycnometer + water + p′ p′ = 1,2396 g at t = 20,5 °C

3. Calculation of mass of air contained in the pycnometer: m = 0,0012 (p − p′) m = 0,0012 (104,9454 − 1,2396) m = 0,1244 g

4. Characteristic values to be retained: Tare of empty pycnometer, p + m: p+ m = 104,9454 + 0,1244 p + m = 105,0698 g Volume at 20 °C = F(p + m − p′)t°C F 20,5 °C = 1,001900 V 20 °C = (105,0698 − 1,2396) × 1,001900 V 20 °C = 104,0275 ml Mass of water at 20 °C = M 20 °C = V 20 °C · 0,998203 M 20 °C = 103,8405 g

6.1.2. Determination of the density and specific gravity at 20 °C/20 °C of a dry wine

ρ″ = 1,2622 at 17,80 °C

ρ 17,80 °C = 0,99788 g/ml

Table II enables ρ 20 °C to be calculated from ρ t°C using the relationship:

For t = 17,80 °C and for an alcoholic strength of 11 % vol. c = 0,54.

ρ20 °C = 0,99734 g/ml

6.2. Pycnometry using a single-pan balance

6.2.1. Standardization of the pycnometer:

1. Weight of clean dry pycnometer: P = 67,7913 g

2. Weight of pycnometer filled with water at t °C: P 1 = 169,2715 at 21,65 °C

3. Mass of air contained in the pycnometer: m = 0,0012 (P 1 − P) m = 0,0012 × 101,4802 m = 0,1218 g

4. Characteristic values to be retained: Tare of empty pycnometer, P − m: P− m = 67,7913 − 0,1218 P− m = 67,6695 g Volume at 20 °C = [P 1 − (P − m)]F t°C F 21,65 °C = 1,002140 V 20 °C = 1,002140 (169,2715 − 67,6695) V 20 °C = 101,8194 ml Mass of water at 20 °C: M 20 °C = V 20 °C × 0,998203 M 20 °C = 101,6364 g Mass of tare bottle, T o: T o = 171,9160 g

6.2.2. Determination of the density and specific gravity at 20° C of a dry wine

T 1 = 171,9178 g

dT = 171,9178 − 171,9160 = 0,0018 g

P − m + dT = 67,6695 + 0,0018 = 67,6713 g

P 2 = 169,2799 at 18 °C

ρ 18 °C = 0,99793 g/ml

Table II enables ρ 20 °C to be calculated from ρ t °C using the relationship:

For t = 18 °C and an alcoholic strength of 11 % vol. c = 0,49.

ρ20 °C = 0,99744 g/ml

TABLE I

F factors by which the mass of water contained in the Pyrex pycnometer at t °C has to be multiplied in order to calculate the pycnometer volume at 20 °C







t °C F t °C F t °C F t °C F t °C F t °C F t °C F 10,0 1,000398 13,0 1,000691 16,0 1,001097 19,0 1,001608 22,0 1,002215 25,0 1,002916 28,0 1,003704 ,1 1,000406 ,1 1,000703 ,1 1,001113 ,1 1,001627 ,1 1,002238 ,1 1,002941 ,1 1,003731 ,2 1,000414 ,2 1,000714 ,2 1,001128 ,2 1,001646 ,2 1,002260 ,2 1,002966 ,2 1,003759 ,3 1,000422 ,3 1,000726 ,3 1,001144 ,3 1,001665 ,3 1,002282 ,3 1,002990 ,3 1,003787 ,4 1,000430 ,4 1,000738 ,4 1,001159 ,4 1,001684 ,4 1,002304 ,4 1,003015 ,4 1,003815 10,5 1,000439 13,5 1,000752 16,5 1,001175 19,5 1,001703 22,5 1,002326 25,5 1,003041 28,5 1,003843 ,6 1,000447 ,6 1,000764 ,6 1,001191 ,6 1,001722 ,6 1,002349 ,6 1,003066 ,6 1,003871 ,7 1,000456 ,7 1,000777 ,7 1,001207 ,7 1,001741 ,7 1,002372 ,7 1,003092 ,7 1,003899 ,8 1,000465 ,8 1,000789 ,8 1,001223 ,8 1,001761 ,8 1,002394 ,8 1,003117 ,8 1,003928 ,9 1,000474 ,9 1,000803 ,9 1,001239 ,9 1,001780 ,9 1,002417 ,9 1,003143 ,9 1,003956 11,0 1,000483 14,0 1,000816 17,0 1,001257 20,0 1,001800 23,0 1,002439 26,0 1,003168 29,0 1,003984 ,1 1,000492 ,1 1,000829 ,1 1,001273 ,1 1,001819 ,1 1,002462 ,1 1,003194 ,1 1,004013 ,2 1,000501 ,2 1,000842 ,2 1,001290 ,2 1,001839 ,2 1,002485 ,2 1,003222 ,2 1,004042 ,3 1,000511 ,3 1,000855 ,3 1,001306 ,3 1,001859 ,3 1,002508 ,3 1,003247 ,3 1,004071 ,4 1,000520 ,4 1,000868 ,4 1,001323 ,4 1,001880 ,4 1,002531 ,4 1,003273 ,4 1,004099 11,5 1,000530 14,5 1,000882 17,5 1,001340 20,5 1,001900 23,5 1,002555 26,5 1,003299 29,5 1,004128 ,6 1,000540 ,6 1,000895 ,6 1,001357 ,6 1,001920 ,6 1,002578 ,6 1,003326 ,6 1,004158 ,7 1,000550 ,7 1,000909 ,7 1,001374 ,7 1,001941 ,7 1,002602 ,7 1,003352 ,7 1,004187 ,8 1,000560 ,8 1,000923 ,8 1,001391 ,8 1,001961 ,8 1,002625 ,8 1,003379 ,8 1,004216 ,9 1,000570 ,9 1,000937 ,9 1,001409 ,9 1,001982 ,9 1,002649 ,9 1,003405 ,9 1,004245 12,0 1,000580 15,0 1,000951 18,0 1,001427 21,0 1,002002 24,0 1,002672 27,0 1,003432 30,0 1,004275 ,1 1,000591 ,1 1,000965 ,1 1,001445 ,1 1,002023 ,1 1,002696 ,1 1,003458 ,2 1,000601 ,2 1,000979 ,2 1,001462 ,2 1,002044 ,2 1,002720 ,2 1,003485 ,3 1,000612 ,3 1,000993 ,3 1,001480 ,3 1,002065 ,3 1,002745 ,3 1,003513 ,4 1,000623 ,4 1,001008 ,4 1,001498 ,4 1,002086 ,4 1,002769 ,4 1,003540 12,5 1,000634 15,5 1,001022 18,5 1,001516 21,5 1,002107 24,5 1,002793 27,5 1,003567 ,6 1,000645 ,6 1,001037 ,6 1,001534 ,6 1,002129 ,6 1,002817 ,6 1,003594 ,7 1,000656 ,7 1,001052 ,7 1,001552 ,7 1,002151 ,7 1,002842 ,7 1,003621 ,8 1,000668 ,8 1,001067 ,8 1,001570 ,8 1,002172 ,8 1,002866 ,8 1,003649 ,9 1,000679 ,9 1,001082 ,9 1,001589 ,9 1,002194 ,9 1,002891 ,9 1,003676

TABLE II

Temperature corrections c to the density of alcohol-free dry wines measured with a Pyrex glass pycnometer at t °C to relate the result to 20 °C







− if t °C is lower than 20 °C + if t °C is higher than 20 °C







Alcoholic strengths 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Temperature (°C) 10 1,59 1,64 1,67 1,71 1,77 1,84 1,91 2,01 2,11 2,22 2,34 2,46 2,60 2,73 2,88 3,03 3,19 3,35 3,52 3,70 3,87 4,06 4,25 4,44 11 1,48 1,53 1,56 1,60 1,64 1,70 1,77 1,86 1,95 2,05 2,16 2,27 2,38 2,51 2,63 2,77 2,91 3,06 3,21 3,36 3,53 3,69 3,86 4,03 12 1,36 1,40 1,43 1,46 1,50 1,56 1,62 1,69 1,78 1,86 1,96 2,05 2,16 2,27 2,38 2,50 2,62 2,75 2,88 3,02 3,16 3,31 3,46 3,61 13 1,22 1,26 1,28 1,32 1,35 1,40 1,45 1,52 1,59 1,67 1,75 1,83 1,92 2,01 2,11 2,22 2,32 2,44 2,55 2,67 2,79 2,92 3,05 3,18 14 1,08 1,11 1,13 1,16 1,19 1,23 1,27 1,33 1,39 1,46 1,52 1,60 1,67 1,75 1,84 1,93 2,03 2,11 2,21 2,31 2,42 2,52 2,63 2,74 15 0,92 0,96 0,97 0,99 1,02 1,05 1,09 1,13 1,19 1,24 1,30 1,36 1,42 1,48 1,55 1,63 1,70 1,78 1,86 1,95 2,03 2,12 2,21 2,30 16 0,76 0,79 0,80 0,81 0,84 0,86 0,89 0,93 0,97 1,01 1,06 1,10 1,16 1,21 1,26 1,32 1,38 1,44 1,51 1,57 1,64 1,71 1,78 1,85 17 0,59 0,61 0,62 0,63 0,65 0,67 0,69 0,72 0,75 0,78 0,81 0,85 0,88 0,95 0,96 1,01 1,05 1,11 1,15 1,20 1,25 1,30 1,35 1,40 18 0,40 0,42 0,42 0,43 0,44 0,46 0,47 0,49 0,51 0,53 0,55 0,57 0,60 0,63 0,65 0,68 0,71 0,74 0,77 0,81 0,84 0,87 0,91 0,94 19 0,21 0,21 0,22 0,22 0,23 0,23 0,24 0,25 0,26 0,27 0,28 0,29 0,30 0,32 0,33 0,34 0,36 0,37 0,39 0,41 0,42 0,44 0,46 0,47 20 21 0,21 0,22 0,22 0,23 0,23 0,24 0,25 0,26 0,27 0,28 0,29 0,30 0,31 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,37 0,38 0,40 0,41 0,43 0,44 0,46 0,48 22 0,44 0,45 0,46 0,47 0,48 0,49 0,51 0,52 0,54 0,56 0,59 0,61 0,63 0,66 0,69 0,71 0,74 0,77 0,80 0,83 0,87 0,90 0,93 0,97 23 0,68 0,70 0,71 0,72 0,74 0,76 0,78 0,80 0,83 0,86 0,90 0,93 0,96 1,00 1,03 1,08 1,13 1,17 1,22 1,26 1,31 1,37 1,41 1,46 24 0,93 0,96 0,97 0,99 1,01 1,03 1,06 1,10 1,13 1,18 1,22 1,26 1,31 1,36 1,41 1,47 1,52 1,58 1,64 1,71 1,77 1,84 1,90 1,97 25 1,19 1,23 1,25 1,27 1,29 1,32 1,36 1,40 1,45 1,50 1,55 1,61 1,67 1,73 1,80 1,86 1,93 2,00 2,08 2,16 2,24 2,32 2,40 2,48 26 1,47 1,51 1,53 1,56 1,59 1,62 1,67 1,72 1,77 1,83 1,90 1,96 2,03 2,11 2,19 2,27 2,35 2,44 2,53 2,62 2,72 2,81 2,91 3,01 27 1,75 1,80 1,82 1,85 1,89 1,93 1,98 2,04 2,11 2,18 2,25 2,33 2,41 2,50 2,59 2,68 2,78 2,88 2,98 3,09 3,20 3,31 3,42 3,53 28 2,04 2,10 2,13 2,16 2,20 2,25 2,31 2,38 2,45 2,53 2,62 2,70 2,80 2,89 3,00 3,10 3,21 3,32 3,45 3,57 3,69 3,82 3,94 4,07 29 2,34 2,41 2,44 2,48 2,53 2,58 2,65 2,72 2,81 2,89 2,99 3,09 3,19 3,30 3,42 3,53 3,65 3,78 3,92 4,05 4,19 4,33 4,47 4,61 30 2,66 2,73 2,77 2,81 2,86 2,92 3,00 3,08 3,17 3,27 3,37 3,48 3,59 3,72 3,84 3,97 4,11 4,25 4,40 4,55 4,70 4,85 4,92 5,17

Note: This table may be used to convert the specific gravity

TABLE III

Temperature corrections c to the density of natural musts and of concentrated musts measured with a Pyrex glass pycnometer at t °C to relate the result to 20 °C







− if t °C is lower than 20 °C + if t °C is higher than 20 °C







Densities 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,18 1,20 1,22 1,24 1,26 1,28 1,30 1,32 1,34 1,36 Temperature (°C) 10° 2,31 2,48 2,66 2,82 2,99 3,13 3,30 3,44 3,59 3,73 3,88 4,01 4,28 4,52 4,76 4,98 5,18 5,42 5,56 5,73 5,90 6,05 11° 2,12 2,28 2,42 2,57 2,72 2,86 2,99 3,12 3,25 3,37 3,50 3,62 3,85 4,08 4,29 4,48 4,67 4,84 5,00 5,16 5,31 5,45 12° 1,92 2,06 2,19 2,32 2,45 2,58 2,70 2,82 2,94 3,04 3,15 3,26 3,47 3,67 3,85 4,03 4,20 4,36 4,51 4,65 4,78 4,91 13° 1,72 1,84 1,95 2,06 2,17 2,27 2,38 2,48 2,58 2,69 2,78 2,88 3,05 3,22 3,39 3,55 3,65 3,84 3,98 4,11 4,24 4,36 14° 1,52 1,62 1,72 1,81 1,90 2,00 2,09 2,17 2,26 2,34 2,43 2,51 2,66 2,82 2,96 3,09 3,22 3,34 3,45 3,56 3,67 3,76 15° 1,28 1,36 1,44 1,52 1,60 1,67 1,75 1,82 1,89 1,96 2,04 2,11 2,24 2,36 2,48 2,59 2,69 2,79 2,88 2,97 3,03 3,10 16° 1,05 1,12 1,18 1,25 1,31 1,37 1,43 1,49 1,55 1,60 1,66 1,71 1,81 1,90 2,00 2,08 2,16 2,24 2,30 2,37 2,43 2,49 17° 0,80 0,86 0,90 0,95 1,00 1,04 1,09 1,13 1,18 1,22 1,26 1,30 1,37 1,44 1,51 1,57 1,62 1,68 1,72 1,76 1,80 1,84 18° 0,56 0,59 0,62 0,66 0,68 0,72 0,75 0,77 0,80 0,83 0,85 0,88 0,93 0,98 1,02 1,05 1,09 1,12 1,16 1,19 1,21 1,24 19° 0,29 0,31 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,37 0,39 0,40 0,42 0,43 0,44 0,45 0,48 0,50 0,52 0,54 0,56 0,57 0,59 0,60 0,61 0,62 20° 21° 0,29 0,30 0,32 0,34 0,35 0,37 0,38 0,40 0,41 0,42 0,44 0,46 0,48 0,50 0,53 0,56 0,58 0,59 0,60 0,61 0,62 0,62 22° 0,58 0,61 0,64 0,67 0,70 0,73 0,76 0,79 0,81 0,84 0,87 0,90 0,96 1,00 1,05 1,09 1,12 1,15 1,18 1,20 1,22 1,23 23° 0,89 0,94 0,99 1,03 1,08 1,12 1,16 1,20 1,25 1,29 1,33 1,37 1,44 1,51 1,57 1,63 1,67 1,73 1,77 1,80 1,82 1,84 24° 1,20 1,25 1,31 1,37 1,43 1,49 1,54 1,60 1,66 1,71 1,77 1,82 1,92 2,01 2,10 2,17 2,24 2,30 2,36 2,40 2,42 2,44 25° 1,51 1,59 1,66 1,74 1,81 1,88 1,95 2,02 2,09 2,16 2,23 2,30 2,42 2,53 2,63 2,72 2,82 2,89 2,95 2,99 3,01 3,05 26° 1,84 1,92 2,01 2,10 2,18 2,26 2,34 2,42 2,50 2,58 2,65 2,73 2,87 3,00 3,13 3,25 3,36 3,47 3,57 3,65 3,72 3,79 27° 2,17 2,26 2,36 2,46 2,56 2,66 2,75 2,84 2,93 3,01 3,10 3,18 3,35 3,50 3,66 3,80 3,93 4,06 4,16 4,26 4,35 4,42 28° 2,50 2,62 2,74 2,85 2,96 3,07 3,18 3,28 3,40 3,50 3,60 3,69 3,87 4,04 4,21 4,36 4,50 4,64 4,75 4,86 4,94 5,00 29° 2,86 2,98 3,10 3,22 3,35 3,47 3,59 3,70 3,82 3,93 4,03 4,14 4,34 4,53 4,72 4,89 5,05 5,20 5,34 5,46 5,56 5,64 30° 3,20 3,35 3,49 3,64 3,77 3,91 4,05 4,17 4,30 4,43 4,55 4,67 4,90 5,12 5,39 5,51 5,68 5,84 5,96 6,08 6,16 6,22

Note: This table may be used to convert the specific gravity

TABLE IV

Temperature corrections c to the density of wines of 13 % vol and above containing residual sugar measured with a Pyrex glass pycnometer at t °C to relate the result to 20 °C







− if t °C is lower than 20 °C + if t °C is higher than 20 °C







Wines of 13 % vol Wines of 15 % vol Wines of 17 % vol Densities Densities Densities 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 Temperature (°C) 10° 2,36 2,71 3,06 3,42 3,72 3,96 4,32 2,64 2,99 3,36 3,68 3,99 4,30 4,59 2,94 3,29 3,64 3,98 4,29 4,60 4,89 11° 2,17 2,49 2,80 2,99 3,39 3,65 3,90 2,42 2,73 3,05 3,34 3,63 3,89 4,15 2,69 3,00 3,32 3,61 3,90 4,16 4,41 12° 1,97 2,25 2,53 2,79 3,05 3,29 3,52 2,19 2,47 2,75 3,01 3,27 3,51 3,73 2,42 2,70 2,98 3,24 3,50 3,74 3,96 13° 1,78 2,02 2,25 2,47 2,69 2,89 3,09 1,97 2,21 2,44 2,66 2,87 3,08 3,29 2,18 2,42 2,64 2,87 3,08 3,29 3,49 14° 1,57 1,78 1,98 2,16 2,35 2,53 2,70 1,74 1,94 2,14 2,32 2,52 2,69 2,86 1,91 2,11 2,31 2,50 2,69 2,86 3,03 15° 1,32 1,49 1,66 1,82 1,97 2,12 2,26 1,46 1,63 1,79 1,95 2,10 2,25 2,39 1,60 1,77 1,93 2,09 2,24 2,39 2,53 16° 1,08 1,22 1,36 1,48 1,61 1,73 1,84 1,18 1,32 1,46 1,59 1,71 1,83 1,94 1,30 1,44 1,58 1,71 1,83 1,95 2,06 17° 0,83 0,94 1,04 1,13 1,22 1,31 1,40 0,91 1,02 1,12 1,21 1,30 1,39 1,48 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,30 1,39 1,48 1,56 18° 0,58 0,64 0,71 0,78 0,84 0,89 0,95 0,63 0,69 0,76 0,83 0,89 0,94 1,00 0,69 0,75 0,82 0,89 0,95 1,00 1,06 19° 0,30 0,34 0,37 0,40 0,43 0,46 0,49 0,33 0,37 0,40 0,43 0,46 0,49 0,52 0,36 0,39 0,42 0,46 0,49 0,52 0,54 20° 21° 0,30 0,33 0,36 0,40 0,43 0,46 0,49 0,33 0,36 0,39 0,43 0,46 0,49 0,51 0,35 0,39 0,42 0,45 0,48 0,51 0,54 22° 0,60 0,67 0,73 0,80 0,85 0,91 0,98 0,65 0,72 0,78 0,84 0,90 0,96 1,01 0,71 0,78 0,84 0,90 0,96 1,01 1,07 23° 0,93 1,02 1,12 1,22 1,30 1,39 1,49 1,01 1,10 1,20 1,29 1,38 1,46 1,55 1,10 1,19 1,29 1,38 1,46 1,55 1,63 24° 1,27 1,39 1,50 1,61 1,74 1,84 1,95 1,37 1,49 1,59 1,72 1,84 1,95 2,06 1,48 1,60 1,71 1,83 1,95 2,06 2,17 25° 1,61 1,75 1,90 2,05 2,19 2,33 2,47 1,73 1,87 2,02 2,17 2,31 2,45 2,59 1,87 2,01 2,16 2,31 2,45 2,59 2,73 26° 1,94 2,12 2,29 2,47 2,63 2,79 2,95 2,09 2,27 2,44 2,62 2,78 2,94 3,10 2,26 2,44 2,61 2,79 2,95 3,11 3,26 27° 2,30 2,51 2,70 2,90 3,09 3,27 3,44 2,48 2,68 2,87 3,07 3,27 3,45 3,62 2,67 2,88 3,07 3,27 3,46 3,64 3,81 28° 2,66 2,90 3,13 3,35 3,57 3,86 4,00 2,86 3,10 3,23 3,55 3,77 3,99 4,20 3,08 3,31 3,55 3,76 3,99 4,21 4,41 29° 3,05 3,31 3,56 3,79 4,04 4,27 4,49 3,28 3,53 3,77 4,02 4,26 4,49 4,71 3,52 3,77 4,01 4,26 4,50 4,73 4,95 30° 3,44 3,70 3,99 4,28 4,54 4,80 5,06 3,68 3,94 4,23 4,52 4,79 5,05 5,30 3,95 4,22 4,51 4,79 5,07 5,32 5,57







Wines of 19 % vol Wines of 21 % vol Densities Densities 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 Temperature (°C) 10° 3,27 3,62 3,97 4,30 4,62 4,92 5,21 3,62 3,97 4,32 4,66 4,97 5,27 5,56 11° 2,99 3,30 3,61 3,90 4,19 4,45 4,70 3,28 3,61 3,92 4,22 4,50 4,76 5,01 12° 2,68 2,96 3,24 3,50 3,76 4,00 4,21 2,96 3,24 3,52 3,78 4,03 4,27 4,49 13° 2,40 2,64 2,87 3,09 3,30 3,51 3,71 2,64 2,88 3,11 3,33 3,54 3,74 3,95 14° 2,11 2,31 2,51 2,69 2,88 3,05 3,22 2,31 2,51 2,71 2,89 3,08 3,25 3,43 15° 1,76 1,93 2,09 2,25 2,40 2,55 2,69 1,93 2,10 2,26 2,42 2,57 2,72 2,86 16° 1,43 1,57 1,70 1,83 1,95 2,08 2,18 1,56 1,70 1,84 1,97 2,09 2,21 2,32 17° 1,09 1,20 1,30 1,39 1,48 1,57 1,65 1,20 1,31 1,41 1,50 1,59 1,68 1,77 18° 0,76 0,82 0,88 0,95 1,01 1,06 1,12 0,82 0,88 0,95 1,01 1,08 1,13 1,18 19° 0,39 0,42 0,45 0,49 0,52 0,55 0,57 0,42 0,46 0,49 0,52 0,55 0,58 0,61 20° 21° 0,38 0,42 0,45 0,48 0,51 0,54 0,57 0,41 0,45 0,48 0,51 0,54 0,57 0,60 22° 0,78 0,84 0,90 0,96 1,02 1,07 1,13 0,84 0,90 0,96 1,02 1,08 1,14 1,19 23° 1,19 1,28 1,38 1,47 1,55 1,64 1,72 1,29 1,39 1,48 1,57 1,65 1,74 1,82 24° 1,60 1,72 1,83 1,95 2,06 2,18 2,29 1,73 1,85 1,96 2,08 2,19 2,31 2,42 25° 2,02 2,16 2,31 2,46 2,60 2,74 2,88 2,18 2,32 2,47 2,62 2,76 2,90 3,04 26° 2,44 2,62 2,79 2,96 3,12 3,28 3,43 2,53 2,81 2,97 3,15 3,31 3,47 3,62 27° 2,88 3,08 3,27 3,42 3,66 3,84 4,01 3,10 3,30 3,47 3,69 3,88 4,06 4,23 28° 3,31 3,54 3,78 4,00 4,22 4,44 4,64 3,56 3,79 4,03 4,25 4,47 4,69 4,89 29° 3,78 4,03 4,27 4,52 4,76 4,99 5,21 4,06 4,31 4,55 4,80 5,04 5,27 5,48 30° 4,24 4,51 4,80 5,08 5,36 5,61 5,86 4,54 4,82 5,11 5,39 5,66 5,91 6,16

TABLE V

Temperature corrections c to the density of dry wines and alcohol-free dry wines measured with an ordinary glass pycnometer or hydrometer at t °C to relate the result to 20 °C







− if t °C is lower than 20 °C + if t °C is higher than 20 °C







Alcoholic strength 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Temperature (°C) 10° 1,45 1,51 1,55 1,58 1,64 1,70 1,78 1,88 1,98 2,09 2,21 2,34 2,47 2,60 2,75 2,90 3,06 3,22 3,39 3,57 3,75 3,93 4,12 4,31 11° 1,35 1,40 1,43 1,47 1,52 1,58 1,65 1,73 1,83 1,93 2,03 2,15 2,26 2,38 2,51 2,65 2,78 2,93 3,08 3,24 3,40 3,57 3,73 3,90 12° 1,24 1,28 1,31 1,34 1,39 1,44 1,50 1,58 1,66 1,75 1,84 1,94 2,04 2,15 2,26 2,38 2,51 2,63 2,77 2,91 3,05 3,19 3,34 3,49 13° 1,12 1,16 1,18 1,21 1,25 1,30 1,35 1,42 1,49 1,56 1,64 1,73 1,82 1,91 2,01 2,11 2,22 2,33 2,45 2,57 2,69 2,81 2,95 3,07 14° 0,99 1,03 1,05 1,07 1,11 1,14 1,19 1,24 1,31 1,37 1,44 1,52 1,59 1,67 1,75 1,84 1,93 2,03 2,13 2,23 2,33 2,44 2,55 2,66 15° 0,86 0,89 0,90 0,92 0,95 0,98 1,02 1,07 1,12 1,17 1,23 1,29 1,35 1,42 1,49 1,56 1,63 1,71 1,80 1,88 1,96 2,05 2,14 2,23 16° 0,71 0,73 0,74 0,76 0,78 0,81 0,84 0,87 0,91 0,96 0,99 1,05 1,10 1,15 1,21 1,27 1,33 1,39 1,45 1,52 1,59 1,66 1,73 1,80 17° 0,55 0,57 0,57 0,59 0,60 0,62 0,65 0,67 0,70 0,74 0,77 0,81 0,84 0,88 0,92 0,96 1,01 1,05 1,11 1,15 1,20 1,26 1,31 1,36 18° 0,38 0,39 0,39 0,40 0,41 0,43 0,44 0,46 0,48 0,50 0,52 0,55 0,57 0,60 0,62 0,65 0,68 0,71 0,74 0,78 0,81 0,85 0,88 0,91 19° 0,19 0,20 0,20 0,21 0,21 0,22 0,23 0,24 0,25 0,26 0,27 0,28 0,29 0,30 0,32 0,33 0,35 0,36 0,38 0,39 0,41 0,43 0,44 0,46 20° 21° 0,21 0,22 0,22 0,23 0,23 0,24 0,25 0,25 0,26 0,27 0,29 0,29 0,31 0,32 0,34 0,35 0,36 0,38 0,39 0,41 0,43 0,44 0,46 0,48 22° 0,43 0,45 0,45 0,46 0,47 0,49 0,50 0,52 0,54 0,56 0,58 0,60 0,63 0,65 0,68 0,71 0,73 0,77 0,80 0,83 0,86 0,89 0,93 0,96 23° 0,67 0,69 0,70 0,71 0,72 0,74 0,77 0,79 0,82 0,85 0,88 0,91 0,95 0,99 1,03 1,07 1,12 1,16 1,21 1,25 1,30 1,35 1,40 1,45 24° 0,91 0,93 0,95 0,97 0,99 1,01 1,04 1,07 1,11 1,15 1,20 1,24 1,29 1,34 1,39 1,45 1,50 1,56 1,62 1,69 1,76 1,82 1,88 1,95 25° 1,16 1,19 1,21 1,23 1,26 1,29 1,33 1,37 1,42 1,47 1,52 1,57 1,63 1,70 1,76 1,83 1,90 1,97 2,05 2,13 2,21 2,29 2,37 2,45 26° 1,42 1,46 1,49 1,51 1,54 1,58 1,62 1,67 1,73 1,79 1,85 1,92 1,99 2,07 2,14 2,22 2,31 2,40 2,49 2,58 2,67 2,77 2,86 2,96 27° 1,69 1,74 1,77 1,80 1,83 1,88 1,93 1,98 2,05 2,12 2,20 2,27 2,35 2,44 2,53 2,63 2,72 2,82 2,93 3,04 3,14 3,25 3,37 3,48 28° 1,97 2,03 2,06 2,09 2,14 2,19 2,24 2,31 2,38 2,46 2,55 2,63 2,73 2,83 2,93 3,03 3,14 3,26 3,38 3,50 3,62 3,75 3,85 4,00 29° 2,26 2,33 2,37 2,40 2,45 2,50 2,57 2,64 2,73 2,82 2,91 2,99 3,11 3,22 3,34 3,45 3,58 3,70 3,84 3,97 4,11 4,25 4,39 4,54 30° 2,56 2,64 2,67 2,72 2,77 2,83 2,90 2,98 3,08 3,18 3,28 3,38 3,50 3,62 3,75 3,88 4,02 4,16 4,30 4,46 4,61 4,76 4,92 5,07

Note: This table may be used to convert the specific gravity

TABLE VI

Temperature corrections c to the density of natural musts and of concentrated musts measured with a pycnometer or hydrometer of ordinary glass at t °C to relate the result to 20 °C







− if t °C is lower than 20 °C + if t °C is higher than 20 °C







Density 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,18 1,20 1,22 1,24 1,26 1,28 1,30 1,32 1,34 1,36 Temperature (°C) 10° 2,17 2,34 2,52 2,68 2,85 2,99 3,16 3,29 3,44 3,58 3,73 3,86 4,13 4,36 4,60 4,82 5,02 5,25 5,39 5,56 5,73 5,87 11° 2,00 2,16 2,29 2,44 2,59 2,73 2,86 2,99 3,12 3,24 3,37 3,48 3,71 3,94 4,15 4,33 4,52 4,69 4,85 5,01 5,15 5,29 12° 1,81 1,95 2,08 2,21 2,34 2,47 2,58 2,70 2,82 2,92 3,03 3,14 3,35 3,55 3,72 3,90 4,07 4,23 4,37 4,52 4,64 4,77 13° 1,62 1,74 1,85 1,96 2,07 2,17 2,28 2,38 2,48 2,59 2,68 2,77 2,94 3,11 3,28 3,44 3,54 3,72 3,86 3,99 4,12 4,24 14° 1,44 1,54 1,64 1,73 1,82 1,92 2,00 2,08 2,17 2,25 2,34 2,42 2,57 2,73 2,86 2,99 3,12 3,24 3,35 3,46 3,57 3,65 15° 1,21 1,29 1,37 1,45 1,53 1,60 1,68 1,75 1,82 1,89 1,97 2,03 2,16 2,28 2,40 2,51 2,61 2,71 2,80 2,89 2,94 3,01 16° 1,00 1,06 1,12 1,19 1,25 1,31 1,37 1,43 1,49 1,54 1,60 1,65 1,75 1,84 1,94 2,02 2,09 2,17 2,23 2,30 2,36 2,42 17° 0,76 0,82 0,86 0,91 0,96 1,00 1,05 1,09 1,14 1,18 1,22 1,25 1,32 1,39 1,46 1,52 1,57 1,63 1,67 1,71 1,75 1,79 18° 0,53 0,56 0,59 0,63 0,65 0,69 0,72 0,74 0,77 0,80 0,82 0,85 0,90 0,95 0,99 1,02 1,06 1,09 1,13 1,16 1,18 1,20 19° 0,28 0,30 0,31 0,33 0,35 0,36 0,38 0,39 0,41 0,42 0,43 0,43 0,46 0,48 0,50 0,52 0,54 0,55 0,57 0,58 0,59 0,60 20° 21° 0,28 0,29 0,31 0,33 0,34 0,36 0,37 0,39 0,40 0,41 0,43 0,44 0,46 0,48 0,51 0,54 0,56 0,57 0,58 0,59 0,60 0,60 22° 0,55 0,58 0,61 0,64 0,67 0,70 0,73 0,76 0,78 0,81 0,84 0,87 0,93 0,97 1,02 1,06 1,09 1,12 1,15 1,17 1,19 1,19 23° 0,85 0,90 0,95 0,99 1,04 1,08 1,12 1,16 1,21 1,25 1,29 1,32 1,39 1,46 1,52 1,58 1,62 1,68 1,72 1,75 1,77 1,79 24° 1,15 1,19 1,25 1,31 1,37 1,43 1,48 1,54 1,60 1,65 1,71 1,76 1,86 1,95 2,04 2,11 2,17 2,23 2,29 2,33 2,35 2,37 25° 1,44 1,52 1,59 1,67 1,74 1,81 1,88 1,95 2,02 2,09 2,16 2,22 2,34 2,45 2,55 2,64 2,74 2,81 2,87 2,90 2,92 2,96 26° 1,76 1,84 1,93 2,02 2,10 2,18 2,25 2,33 2,41 2,49 2,56 2,64 2,78 2,91 3,03 3,15 3,26 3,37 3,47 3,55 3,62 3,60 27° 2,07 2,16 2,26 2,36 2,46 2,56 2,65 2,74 2,83 2,91 3,00 3,07 3,24 3,39 3,55 3,69 3,82 3,94 4,04 4,14 4,23 4,30 28° 2,39 2,51 2,63 2,74 2,85 2,96 3,06 3,16 3,28 3,38 3,48 3,57 3,75 3,92 4,08 4,23 4,37 4,51 4,62 4,73 4,80 4,86 29° 2,74 2,86 2,97 3,09 3,22 3,34 3,46 3,57 3,69 3,80 3,90 4,00 4,20 4,39 4,58 4,74 4,90 5,05 5,19 5,31 5,40 5,48 30° 3,06 3,21 3,35 3,50 3,63 3,77 3,91 4,02 4,15 4,28 4,40 4,52 4,75 4,96 5,16 5,35 5,52 5,67 5,79 5,91 5,99 6,04

Note: This table may be used to convert the specific gravity

TABLE VII

Temperature corrections c to the density of wines of 13 % vol and above containing residual sugar measured with a hydrometer or pycnometer of ordinary glass at t °C to relate the result to 20 °C







− if t °C is lower than 20 °C + if t °C is higher than 20 °C







Wines of 13 % vol Wines of 15 % vol Wines of 17 % vol Densities Densities Densities 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 Temperature (°C) 10° 2,24 2,58 2,93 3,27 3,59 3,89 4,18 2,51 2,85 3,20 3,54 3,85 4,02 4,46 2,81 3,15 3,50 3,84 4,15 4,45 4,74 11° 2,06 2,37 2,69 2,97 3,26 3,53 3,78 2,31 2,61 2,93 3,21 3,51 3,64 4,02 2,57 2,89 3,20 3,49 3,77 4,03 4,28 12° 1,87 2,14 2,42 2,67 2,94 3,17 3,40 2,09 2,36 2,64 2,90 3,16 3,27 3,61 2,32 2,60 2,87 3,13 3,39 3,63 3,84 13° 1,69 1,93 2,14 2,37 2,59 2,80 3,00 1,88 2,12 2,34 2,56 2,78 2,88 3,19 2,09 2,33 2,55 2,77 2,98 3,19 3,39 14° 1,49 1,70 1,90 2,09 2,27 2,44 2,61 1,67 1,86 2,06 2,25 2,45 2,51 2,77 1,83 2,03 2,23 2,42 2,61 2,77 2,94 15° 1,25 1,42 1,59 1,75 1,90 2,05 2,19 1,39 1,56 1,72 1,88 2,03 2,11 2,32 1,54 1,71 1,87 2,03 2,18 2,32 2,47 16° 1,03 1,17 1,30 1,43 1,55 1,67 1,78 1,06 1,27 1,40 1,53 1,65 1,77 1,88 1,25 1,39 1,52 1,65 1,77 1,89 2,00 17° 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,09 1,17 1,27 1,36 0,87 0,98 1,08 1,17 1,26 1,35 1,44 0,96 1,06 1,16 1,26 1,35 1,44 1,52 18° 0,54 0,61 0,68 0,75 0,81 0,86 0,92 0,60 0,66 0,73 0,80 0,85 0,91 0,97 0,66 0,72 0,79 0,86 0,92 0,97 1,03 19° 0,29 0,33 0,36 0,39 0,42 0,45 0,48 0,32 0,36 0,39 0,42 0,45 0,48 0,51 0,35 0,38 0,41 0,45 0,48 0,51 0,53 20° 21° 0,29 0,32 0,35 0,39 0,42 0,45 0,47 0,32 0,35 0,38 0,42 0,45 0,48 0,50 0,34 0,38 0,41 0,44 0,47 0,50 0,53 22° 0,57 0,64 0,70 0,76 0,82 0,88 0,93 0,63 0,69 0,75 0,81 0,87 0,93 0,98 0,68 0,75 0,81 0,87 0,93 0,99 1,04 23° 0,89 0,98 1,08 1,17 1,26 1,34 1,43 0,97 1,06 1,16 1,25 1,34 1,42 1,51 1,06 1,15 1,25 1,34 1,42 1,51 1,59 24° 1,22 1,34 1,44 1,56 1,68 1,79 1,90 1,32 1,44 1,54 1,66 1,78 1,89 2,00 1,43 1,56 1,65 1,77 1,89 2,00 2,11 25° 1,61 1,68 1,83 1,98 2,12 2,26 2,40 1,66 1,81 1,96 2,11 2,25 2,39 2,52 1,80 1,94 2,09 2,24 2,39 2,52 2,66 26° 1,87 2,05 2,22 2,40 2,56 2,71 2,87 2,02 2,20 2,37 2,54 2,70 2,85 3,01 2,18 2,36 2,53 2,71 2,86 3,02 3,17 27° 2,21 2,42 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,18 3,35 2,39 2,59 2,78 2,98 3,17 3,35 3,52 2,58 2,78 2,97 3,17 3,36 3,54 3,71 28° 2,56 2,80 3,02 3,25 3,47 3,67 3,89 2,75 2,89 3,22 3,44 3,66 3,86 4,07 2,97 3,21 3,44 3,66 3,88 4,09 4,30 29° 2,93 3,19 3,43 3,66 3,91 4,14 4,37 3,16 3,41 3,65 3,89 4,13 4,36 4,59 3,40 3,66 3,89 4,13 4,38 4,61 4,82 30° 3,31 3,57 3,86 4,15 4,41 4,66 4,92 3,55 3,81 4,10 4,38 4,66 4,90 5,16 3,82 4,08 4,37 4,65 4,93 5,17 5,42







Wines of 19 % vol Wines of 21 % vol Densities Densities 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 1,000 1,020 1,040 1,060 1,080 1,100 1,120 Temperature (°C) 10° 3,14 3,48 3,83 4,17 4,48 4,78 5,07 3,50 3,84 4,19 4,52 4,83 5,12 5,41 11° 2,87 3,18 3,49 3,78 4,06 4,32 4,57 3,18 3,49 3,80 4,09 4,34 4,63 4,88 12° 2,58 2,86 3,13 3,39 3,65 3,88 4,10 2,86 3,13 3,41 3,67 3,92 4,15 4,37 13° 2,31 2,55 2,77 2,99 3,20 3,41 3,61 2,56 2,79 3,01 3,23 3,44 3,65 3,85 14° 2,03 2,23 2,43 2,61 2,80 2,96 3,13 2,23 2,43 2,63 2,81 3,00 3,16 3,33 15° 1,69 1,86 2,02 2,18 2,33 2,48 2,62 1,86 2,03 2,19 2,35 2,50 2,65 2,80 16° 1,38 1,52 1,65 1,78 1,90 2,02 2,13 1,51 1,65 1,78 1,91 2,03 2,15 2,26 17° 1,06 1,16 1,26 1,35 1,44 1,53 1,62 1,15 1,25 1,35 1,45 1,54 1,63 1,71 18° 0,73 0,79 0,85 0,92 0,98 1,03 1,09 0,79 0,85 0,92 0,98 1,05 1,10 1,15 19° 0,38 0,41 0,44 0,48 0,51 0,52 0,56 0,41 0,44 0,47 0,51 0,54 0,57 0,59 20° 21° 0,37 0,41 0,44 0,47 0,50 0,53 0,56 0,41 0,44 0,47 0,51 0,54 0,57 0,59 22° 0,75 0,81 0,87 0,93 0,99 1,04 1,10 0,81 0,88 0,94 1,00 1,06 1,10 1,17 23° 1,15 1,30 1,34 1,43 1,51 1,60 1,68 1,25 1,34 1,44 1,63 1,61 1,70 1,78 24° 1,55 1,67 1,77 1,89 2,00 2,11 2,23 1,68 1,80 1,90 2,02 2,13 2,25 2,36 25° 1,95 2,09 2,24 2,39 2,53 2,67 2,71 2,11 2,25 2,40 2,55 2,69 2,83 2,97 26° 2,36 2,54 2,71 2,89 3,04 3,20 3,35 2,55 2,73 2,90 3,07 3,22 3,38 3,54 27° 2,79 2,99 3,18 3,38 3,57 3,75 3,92 3,01 3,20 3,40 3,59 3,78 3,96 4,13 28° 3,20 3,44 3,66 3,89 4,11 4,32 4,53 3,46 3,69 3,93 4,15 4,36 4,58 4,77 29° 3,66 3,92 4,15 4,40 4,64 4,87 5,08 3,95 4,20 4,43 4,68 4,92 5,15 5,36 30° 4,11 4,37 4,66 4,94 5,22 5,46 5,71 4,42 4,68 4,97 5,25 5,53 5,77 6,02

2. EVALUATION BY REFRACTOMETRY OF THE SUGAR CONCENTRATION IN GRAPE MUSTS, CONCENTRATED GRAPE MUSTS AND RECTIFIED CONCENTRATED GRAPE MUSTS

1. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD

The refractive index at 20 °C, expressed either as an absolute value or as a percentage by mass of sucrose, is given in the appropriate table to provide a means of obtaining the sugar concentration in grams per litre and in grams per kilogram for grape musts, concentrated grape musts and rectified concentrated grape musts.

2. APPARATUS

2.1. Abbé refractometer

The refractometer used must be fitted with a scale giving:

— either percentage by mass of sucrose to 0,1 %,

— or refractive indices to four decimal places.

The refractometer must be equipped with a thermometer having a scale extending at least from + 15 °C to + 25 °C and with an arrangement for circulating water enabling measurements to be made at a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C.

The operating instructions for this instrument must be strictly adhered to, particularly with regard to calibration and the light source.

3. PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE

3.1. Must and concentrated must

Pass the must, if necessary, through a dry gauze folded into four and, after discarding the first drops of the filtrate, carry out the determination on the filtered product.

3.2. Rectified concentrated must

Depending on the concentration, use either the rectified concentrated must itself or a solution obtained by making up 200 g of rectified concentrated must to 500 g with water, all weighings being carried out accurately.

4. PROCEDURE

Bring the sample to a temperature close to 20 °C. Place a small test sample on the lower prism of the refractometer, taking care (because the prisms are pressed firmly against each other) that this test sample covers the glass surface uniformly. Carry out the measurement in accordance with the operating instructions of the instrument used.

Read off the percentage by mass of sucrose to within 0,1 % or read the refractive index to four decimal places.

Carry out at least two determinations on the same prepared sample.

Note the temperature t °C.

5. CALCULATION

5.1. Temperature correction

5.1.1. Instruments graduated in percentage by mass of sucrose: use Table I to obtain the temperature correction.

5.1.2. Instruments graduated in refractive index: find the index measured at t °C in Table II to obtain (column 1) the corresponding value of the percentage by mass of sucrose at t °C. This value is corrected for temperature and expressed as a concentration at 20 °C by means of Table I.

5.2. Sugar concentration in must and concentrated must

Find the percentage by mass of sucrose at 20 °C in Table II and read from the same row the sugar concentration in grams per litre and grams per kilogram. The sugar concentration is expressed in terms of invert sugar to one decimal place.

5.3. Sugar concentration in rectified concentrated must

Find the percentage by mass of sucrose at 20 °C in Table III and read from the same row the sugar concentration in grams per litre and grams per kilogram. The sugar concentration is expressed in terms of invert sugar to one decimal place.

If the measurement was made on diluted rectified concentrated must, multiply the result by the dilution factor.

5.4. Refractive index of must, concentrated must and rectified concentrated must

Find the percentage by mass of sucrose at 20 °C in Table II and read from the same row the refractive index at 20 °C. This index is expressed to four decimal places.

TABLE I

Correction to be made when the percentage by mass of sucrose has been determined at a temperature different from 20 °C







Temperature °C Sucrose in grams per 100 grams of product 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 75 Subtract 15 0,25 0,27 0,31 0,31 0,34 0,35 0,36 0,37 0,36 0,36 16 0,21 0,23 0,27 0,27 0,29 0,31 0,31 0,32 0,31 0,23 17 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,20 0,22 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,20 0,17 18 0,11 0,12 0,14 0,15 0,16 0,16 0,15 0,12 0,12 0,09 19 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,09 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,05 Add 21 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 22 0,12 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,14 23 0,18 0,20 0,20 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,22 0,22 0,22 24 0,24 0,26 0,26 0,27 0,28 0,28 0,28 0,28 0,29 0,29 25 0,30 0,32 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,36 0,36 0,36 0,36 0,37

Temperatures must not differ from 20 °C by more than ± 5 °C.

TABLE II

Table giving the sugar concentration ( 7 ) in must and concentrated must in grams per litre and grams per kilogram, determined by means of a refractometer graduated either in percentage by mass of sucrose at 20 °C or in refractive index at 20 °C. The density at 20 °C is also given







Sucrose % (m/m) Refractive index at 20 °C Density at 20 °C Sugar in g/l Sugar in g/kg Alcoholic strength % vol at 20 °C 10.0 1.34781 1.0390 82.3 79.2 4,89 10.1 1.34798 1.0394 83.4 80.2 4,95 10.2 1.34814 1.0398 84.5 81.3 5,02 10.3 1.34830 1.0402 85.6 82.2 5,09 10.4 1.34845 1.0406 86.6 83.2 5,14 10.5 1.34860 1.0410 87.6 84.1 5,20 10.6 1.34875 1.0414 88.6 85.1 5,26 10.7 1.34890 1.0419 89.7 86.1 5,33 10.8 1.34906 1.0423 90.8 87.1 5,39 10.9 1.34921 1.0427 91.8 88.1 5,45 11.0 1.34936 1.0431 92.9 89.1 5,52 11.1 1.34952 1.0435 94.0 90.0 5,58 11.2 1.34968 1.0439 95.0 91.0 5,64 11.3 1.34984 1.0443 96.1 92.0 5,71 11.4 1.34999 1.0447 97.1 92.9 5,77 11.5 1.35015 1.0452 98.2 94.0 5,83 11.6 1.35031 1.0456 99.3 95.0 5,90 11.7 1.35046 1.0460 100.3 95.9 5,96 11.8 1.35062 1.0464 101.4 96.9 6,02 11.9 1.35077 1.0468 102.5 97.9 6,09 12.0 1.35092 1.0473 103.6 98.9 6,15 12.1 1.35108 1.0477 104.7 99.9 6,22 12.2 1.35124 1.0481 105.7 100.8 6,28 12.3 1.35140 1.0485 106.8 101.9 6,35 12.4 1.35156 1.0489 107.9 102.9 6,41 12.5 1.35172 1.0494 109.0 103.8 6,47 12.6 1.35187 1.0498 110.0 104.8 6,53 12.7 1.35203 1.0502 111.1 105.8 6,60 12.8 1.35219 1.0506 112.2 106.8 6,66 12.9 1.35234 1.0510 113.2 107.8 6,73 13.0 1.35249 1.0514 114.3 108.7 6,79 13.1 1.35266 1.0519 115.4 109.7 6,86 13.2 1.35282 1.0523 116.5 110.7 6,92 13.3 1.35298 1.0527 117.6 111.7 6,99 13.4 1.35313 1.0531 118.6 112.6 7,05 13.5 1.35329 1.0536 119.7 113.6 7,11 13.6 1.35345 1.0540 120.8 114.6 7,18 13.7 1.35360 1.0544 121.8 115.6 7,24 13.8 1.35376 1.0548 122.9 116.5 7,30 13.9 1.35391 1.0552 124.0 117.5 7,37 14.0 1.35407 1.0557 125.1 118.5 7,43 14.1 1.35424 1.0561 126.2 119.5 7,50 14.2 1.35440 1.0565 127.3 120.5 7,56 14.3 1.35456 1.0569 128.4 121.5 7,63 14.4 1.35472 1.0574 129.5 122.5 7,69 14.5 1.35488 1.0578 130.6 123.4 7,76 14.6 1.35503 1.0582 131.6 124.4 7,82 14.7 1.35519 1.0586 132.7 125.4 7,88 14.8 1.35535 1.0591 133.8 126.3 7,95 14.9 1.35551 1.0595 134.9 127.3 8,01 15.0 1.35567 1.0599 136.0 128.3 8,08 15.1 1.35583 1.0603 137.1 129.3 8,15 15.2 1.35599 1.0608 138.2 130.3 8,21 15.3 1.35615 1.0612 139.3 131.3 8,27 15.4 1.35631 1.0616 140.4 132.3 8,34 15.5 1.35648 1.0621 141.5 133.2 8,41 15.6 1.35664 1.0625 142.6 134.2 8,47 15.7 1.35680 1.0629 143.7 135.2 8,54 15.8 1.35696 1.0633 144.8 136.2 8,60 15.9 1.35712 1.0638 145.9 137.2 8,67 16.0 1.35728 1.0642 147.0 138.1 8,73 16.1 1.35744 1.0646 148.1 139.1 8,80 16.2 1.35760 1.0651 149.2 140.1 8,86 16.3 1.35776 1.0655 150.3 141.1 8,93 16.4 1.35793 1.0660 151.5 142.1 9,00 16.5 1.35809 1.0664 152.6 143.1 9,06 16.6 1.35825 1.0668 153.7 144.1 9,13 16.7 1.35842 1.0672 154.8 145.0 9,20 16.8 1.35858 1.0677 155.9 146.0 9,26 16.9 1.35874 1.0681 157.0 147.0 9,33 17.0 1.35890 1.0685 158.1 148.0 9,39 17.1 1.35907 1.0690 159.3 149.0 9,46 17.2 1.35923 1.0694 160.4 150.0 9,53 17.3 1.35939 1.0699 161.5 151.0 9,59 17.4 1.35955 1.0703 162.6 151.9 9,66 17.5 1.35972 1.0707 163.7 152.9 9,73 17.6 1.35988 1.0711 164.8 153.9 9,79 17.7 1.36004 1.0716 165.9 154.8 9,86 17.8 1.36020 1.0720 167.0 155.8 9,92 17.9 1.36036 1.0724 168.1 156.8 9,99 18.0 1.36053 1.0729 169.3 157.8 10,06 18.1 1.36070 1.0733 170.4 158.8 10,12 18.2 1.36086 1.0738 171.5 159.7 10,19 18.3 1.36102 1.0742 172.6 160.7 10,25 18.4 1.36119 1.0746 173.7 161.6 10,32 18.5 1.36136 1.0751 174.9 162.6 10,39 18.6 1.36152 1.0755 176.0 163.6 10,46 18.7 1.36169 1.0760 177.2 164.6 10,53 18.8 1.36185 1.0764 178.3 165.6 10,59 18.9 1.36201 1.0768 179.4 166.6 10,66 19.0 1.36217 1.0773 180.5 167.6 10,72 19.1 1.36234 1.0777 181.7 168.6 10,80 19.2 1.36251 1.0782 182.8 169.5 10,86 19.3 1.36267 1.0786 183.9 170.5 10,93 19.4 1.36284 1.0791 185.1 171.5 11,00 19.5 1.36301 1.0795 186.3 172.5 11,07 19.6 1.36318 1.0800 187.4 173.5 11,13 19.7 1.36335 1.0804 188.6 174.5 11,21 19.8 1.36351 1.0809 189.7 175.5 11,27 19.9 1.36367 1.0813 190.8 176.5 11,34 20.0 1.36383 1.0817 191.9 177.4 11,40 20.1 1.36400 1.0822 193.1 178.4 11,47 20.2 1.36417 1.0826 194.2 179.4 11,54 20.3 1.36434 1.0831 195.3 180.4 11,60 20.4 1.36451 1.0835 196.5 181.4 11,67 20.5 1.36468 1.0840 197.7 182.3 11,75 20.6 1.36484 1.0844 198.8 183.3 11,81 20.7 1.36501 1.0849 200.0 184.3 11,88 20.8 1.36518 1.0853 201.1 185.3 11,96 20.9 1.36534 1.0857 202.2 186.2 12,01 21.0 1.36550 1.0862 203.3 187.2 12,08 21.1 1.36568 1.0866 204.5 188.2 12,15 21.2 1.36585 1.0871 205.7 189.2 12,22 21.3 1.36601 1.0875 206.8 190.2 12,29 21.4 1.36618 1.0880 207.9 191.1 12,35 21.5 1.36635 1.0884 209.1 192.1 12,42 21.6 1.36652 1.0889 210.3 193.1 12,49 21.7 1.36669 1.0893 211.4 194.1 12,56 21.8 1.36685 1.0897 212.5 195.0 12,63 21.9 1.36702 1.0902 213.6 196.0 12,69 22.0 1.36719 1.0906 214.8 196.9 12,76 22.1 1.36736 1.0911 216.0 198.0 12,83 22.2 1.36753 1.0916 217.2 199.0 12,90 22.3 1.36770 1.0920 218.3 199.9 12,97 22.4 1.36787 1.0925 219.5 200.9 13,04 22.5 1.36804 1.0929 220.6 201.8 13,11 22.6 1.36820 1.0933 221.7 202.8 13,17 22.7 1.36837 1.0938 222.9 203.8 13,24 22.8 1.36854 1.0943 224.1 204.8 13,31 22.9 1.36871 1.0947 225.2 205.8 13,38 23.0 1.36888 1.0952 226.4 206.7 13,45 23.1 1.36905 1.0956 227.6 207.7 13,52 23.2 1.36922 1.0961 228.7 208.7 13,59 23.3 1.36939 1.0965 229.9 209.7 13,66 23.4 1.36956 1.0970 231.1 210.7 13,73 23.5 1.36973 1.0975 232.3 211.6 13,80 23.6 1.36991 1.0979 233.4 212.6 13,87 23.7 1.37008 1.0984 234.6 213.6 13,94 23.8 1.37025 1.0988 235.8 214.6 14,01 23.9 1.37042 1.0993 237.0 215.6 14,08 24.0 1.37059 1.0998 238.2 216.6 14,15 24.1 1.37076 1.1007 239.3 217.4 14,22 24.2 1.37093 1.1011 240.3 218.2 14,28 24.3 1.37110 1.1016 241.6 219.4 14,35 24.4 1.37128 1.1022 243.0 220.5 14,44 24.5 1.37145 1.1026 244.0 221.3 14,50 24.6 1.37162 1.1030 245.0 222.1 14,56 24.7 1.37180 1.1035 246.4 223.2 14,64 24.8 1.37197 1.1041 247.7 224.4 14,72 24.9 1.37214 1.1045 248.7 225.2 14,78 25.0 1.37232 1.1049 249.7 226.0 14,84 25.1 1.37249 1.1053 250.7 226.8 14,90 25.2 1.37266 1.1057 251.7 227.6 14,96 25.3 1.37283 1.1062 253.0 228.7 15,03 25.4 1.37300 1.1068 254.4 229.9 15,11 25.5 1.37317 1.1072 255.4 230.7 15,17 25.6 1.37335 1.1076 256.4 231.5 15,23 25.7 1.37353 1.1081 257.8 232.6 15,32 25.8 1.37370 1.1087 259.1 233.7 15,39 25.9 1.37387 1.1091 260.1 234.5 15,45 26.0 1.37405 1.1095 261.1 235.3 15,51 26.1 1.37423 1.1100 262.5 236.4 15,60 26.2 1.37440 1.1106 263.8 237.5 15,67 26.3 1.37457 1.1110 264.8 238.3 15,73 26.4 1.37475 1.1114 265.8 239.2 15,79 26.5 1.37493 1.1119 267.2 240.3 15,88 26.6 1.37510 1.1125 268.5 241.4 15,95 26.7 1.37528 1.1129 269.5 242.2 16,01 26.8 1.37545 1.1133 270.5 243.0 16,07 26.9 1.37562 1.1138 271.8 244.1 16,15 27.0 1.37580 1.1144 273.2 245.2 16,23 27.1 1.37598 1.1148 274.2 246.0 16,29 27.2 1.37615 1.1152 275.2 246.8 16,35 27.3 1.37632 1.1157 276.5 247.9 16,43 27.4 1.37650 1.1163 277.9 249.0 16,51 27.5 1.37667 1.1167 278.9 249.8 16,57 27.6 1.37685 1.1171 279.9 250.6 16,63 27.7 1.37703 1.1176 281.3 251.6 16,71 27.8 1.37721 1.1182 282.6 252.7 16,79 27.9 1.37739 1.1186 283.6 253.5 16,85 28.0 1.37757 1.1190 284.6 254.3 16,91 28.1 1.37775 1.1195 286.0 255.4 16,99 28.2 1.37793 1.1201 287.3 256.5 17,07 28.3 1.37810 1.1205 288.3 257.3 17,13 28.4 1.37828 1.1209 289.3 258.1 17,19 28.5 1.37846 1.1214 290.7 259.2 17,27 28.6 1.37863 1.1220 292.0 260.3 17,35 28.7 1.37881 1.1224 293.0 261.0 17,41 28.8 1.37899 1.1228 294.0 261.8 17,47 28.9 1.37917 1.1233 295.3 262.9 17,55 29.0 1.37935 1.1239 296.7 264.0 17,63 29.1 1.37953 1.1244 298.1 265.1 17,71 29.2 1.37971 1.1250 299.4 266.1 17,79 29.3 1.37988 1.1254 300.4 266.9 17,85 29.4 1.38006 1.1258 301.4 267.7 17,91 29.5 1.38024 1.1263 302.8 268.8 17,99 29.6 1.38042 1.1269 304.1 269.9 18,07 29.7 1.38060 1.1273 305.1 270.6 18,13 29.8 1.38078 1.1277 306.1 271.4 18,19 29.9 1.38096 1.1282 307.4 272.5 18,26 30.0 1.38114 1.1288 308.8 273.6 18,35 30.1 1.38132 1.1293 310.0 274.5 18,42 30.2 1.38150 1.1298 311.2 275.5 18,49 30.3 1.38168 1.1302 312.4 276.4 18,56 30.4 1.38186 1.1307 313.6 277.3 18,63 30.5 1.38204 1.1312 314.8 278.3 18,70 30.6 1.38222 1.1317 316.0 279.2 18,77 30.7 1.38240 1.1322 317.2 280.2 18,85 30.8 1.38258 1.1327 318.4 281.1 18,92 30.9 1.38276 1.1332 319.6 282.0 18,99 31.0 1.38294 1.1336 320.8 283.0 19,06 31.1 1.38312 1.1341 322.0 283.9 19,13 31.2 1.38330 1.1346 323.2 284.9 19,20 31.3 1.38349 1.1351 324.4 285.8 19,27 31.4 1.38367 1.1356 325.6 286.8 19,35 31.5 1.38385 1.1361 326.8 287.7 19,42 31.6 1.38403 1.1366 328.1 288.6 19,49 31.7 1.38421 1.1371 329.3 289.6 19,56 31.8 1.38440 1.1376 330.5 290.5 19,64 31.9 1.38458 1.1380 331.7 291.5 19,71 32.0 1.38476 1.1385 332.9 292.4 19,78 32.1 1.38494 1.1391 334.2 293.4 19,86 32.2 1.38513 1.1396 335.5 294.4 19,93 32.3 1.38531 1.1401 336.7 295.4 20,00 32.4 1.38550 1.1406 338.0 296.4 20,08 32.5 1.38568 1.1411 339.3 297.3 20,16 32.6 1.38586 1.1416 340.6 298.3 20,24 32.7 1.38605 1.1422 341.9 299.3 20,31 32.8 1.38623 1.1427 343.1 300.3 20,38 32.9 1.38642 1.1432 344.4 301.3 20,46 33.0 1.38660 1.1437 345.7 302.3 20,54 33.1 1.38678 1.1442 346.9 303.2 20,61 33.2 1.38697 1.1447 348.1 304.1 20,68 33.3 1.38715 1.1452 349.3 305.0 20,75 33.4 1.38734 1.1457 350.5 305.9 20,82 33.5 1.38753 1.1461 351.7 306.9 20,90 33.6 1.38771 1.1466 352.9 307.8 20,97 33.7 1.38790 1.1471 354.1 308.7 21,04 33.8 1.38808 1.1476 355.3 309.6 21,11 33.9 1.38827 1.1481 356.5 310.5 21,18 34.0 1.38845 1.1486 357.7 311.4 21,25 34.1 1.38864 1.1491 359.0 312.4 21,33 34.2 1.38882 1.1496 360.3 313.4 21,41 34.3 1.38901 1.1501 361.5 314.3 21,48 34.4 1.38919 1.1506 362.8 315.3 21,55 34.5 1.38938 1.1512 364.1 316.3 21,63 34.6 1.38957 1.1517 365.4 317.3 21,71 34.7 1.38975 1.1522 366.7 318.2 21,79 34.8 1.38994 1.1527 367.9 319.2 21,86 34.9 1.39012 1.1532 369.2 320.2 21,94 35.0 1.39031 1.1537 370.5 321.1 22,01 35.1 1.39050 1.1543 371.8 322.1 22,09 35.2 1.39069 1.1548 373.0 323.0 22,16 35.3 1.39087 1.1553 374.3 324.0 22,24 35.4 1.39106 1.1558 375.6 325.0 22,32 35.5 1.39125 1.1563 376.9 325.9 22,39 35.6 1.39144 1.1568 378.1 326.9 22,45 35.7 1.39163 1.1573 379.4 327.8 22,54 35.8 1.39181 1.1579 380.7 328.8 22,62 35.9 1.39200 1.1584 381.9 329.7 22,69 36.0 1.39219 1.1589 383.2 330.7 22,77 36.1 1.39238 1.1594 384.5 331.6 22,85 36.2 1.39257 1.1599 385.8 332.6 22,92 36.3 1.39276 1.1604 387.0 333.5 22,99 36.4 1.39295 1.1610 388.3 334.5 23,07 36.5 1.39314 1.1615 389.6 335.4 23,15 36.6 1.39332 1.1620 390.9 336.4 23,22 36.7 1.39351 1.1625 392.2 337.3 23,30 36.8 1.39370 1.1630 393.4 338.3 23,37 36.9 1.39389 1.1635 394.7 339.2 23,45 37.0 1.39408 1.1641 396.0 340.2 23,53 37.1 1.39427 1.1646 397.3 341.1 23,60 37.2 1.39446 1.1651 398.6 342.1 23,68 37.3 1.39465 1.1656 399.8 343.0 23,75 37.4 1.39484 1.1661 401.1 344.0 23,83 37.5 1.39504 1.1666 402.4 344.9 23,91 37.6 1.39523 1.1672 403.7 345.9 23,99 37.7 1.39542 1.1677 405.0 346.8 24,06 37.8 1.39561 1.1682 406.2 347.7 24,13 37.9 1.39580 1.1687 407.5 348.7 24,21 38.0 1.39599 1.1692 408.8 349.6 24,29 38.1 1.39618 1.1698 410.1 350.6 24,37 38.2 1.39637 1.1703 411.3 351.5 24,44 38.3 1.39657 1.1708 412.6 352.4 24,51 38.4 1.39676 1.1713 413.9 353.4 24,59 38.5 1.39695 1.1718 415.2 354.3 24,67 38.6 1.39714 1.1723 416.4 355.2 24,74 38.7 1.39733 1.1728 417.7 356.1 24,82 38.8 1.39753 1.1733 419.0 357.1 24,90 38.9 1.39772 1.1739 420.2 358.0 24,97 39.0 1.39791 1.1744 421.5 358.9 25,04 39.1 1.39810 1.1749 422.8 359.8 25,12 39.2 1.39830 1.1754 424.1 360.8 25,20 39.3 1.39849 1.1759 425.3 361.7 25,27 39.4 1.39869 1.1764 426.6 362.6 25,35 39.5 1.39888 1.1770 427.9 363.6 25,42 39.6 1.39907 1.1775 429.2 364.5 25,50 39.7 1.39927 1.1780 430.5 365.4 25,58 39.8 1.39946 1.1785 431.7 366.3 25,65 39.9 1.39966 1.1790 433.0 367.3 25,73 40.0 1.39985 1.1796 434.3 368.2 25,80 40.1 1.40004 1.1801 435.6 369.2 25,88 40.2 1.40024 1.1806 437.0 370.1 25,96 40.3 1.40043 1.1812 438.3 371.1 26,04 40.4 1.40063 1.1817 439.7 372.1 26,12 40.5 1.40083 1.1823 441.0 373.0 26,20 40.6 1.40102 1.1828 442.3 374.0 26,28 40.7 1.40122 1.1833 443.7 374.9 26,36 40.8 1.40141 1.1839 445.0 375.9 26,44 40.9 1.40161 1.1844 446.4 376.9 26,52 41.0 1.40180 1.1850 447.7 377.8 26,60 41.1 1.40200 1.1855 449.0 378.7 26,68 41.2 1.40219 1.1860 450.2 379.6 26,75 41.3 1.40239 1.1865 451.5 380.5 26,83 41.4 1.40259 1.1870 452.8 381.4 26,90 41.5 1.40279 1.1875 454.1 382.3 26,98 41.6 1.40298 1.1881 455.3 383.2 27,05 41.7 1.40318 1.1886 456.6 384.2 27,13 41.8 1.40338 1.1891 457.9 385.1 27,21 41.9 1.40357 1.1896 459.1 386.0 27,28 42.0 1.40377 1.1901 460.4 386.9 27,35 42.1 1.40397 1.1907 461.7 387.8 27,43 42.2 1.40417 1.1912 463.1 388.8 27,52 42.3 1.40436 1.1917 464.4 389.7 27,59 42.4 1.40456 1.1923 465.8 390.7 27,68 42.5 1.40476 1.1928 467.2 391.6 27,76 42.6 1.40496 1.1934 468.5 392.6 27,84 42.7 1.40516 1.1939 469.9 393.5 27,92 42.8 1.40535 1.1945 471.2 394.5 28,00 42.9 1.40555 1.1950 472.6 395.4 28,08 43.0 1.40575 1.1956 473.9 396.4 28,16 43.1 1.40595 1.1961 475.2 397.3 28,23 43.2 1.40615 1.1967 476.6 398.3 28,32 43.3 1.40635 1.1972 477.9 399.2 28,40 43.4 1.40655 1.1977 479.3 400.1 28,48 43.5 1.40675 1.1983 480.6 401.1 28,56 43.6 1.40695 1.1988 481.9 402.0 28,63 43.7 1.40715 1.1994 483.3 402.9 28,72 43.8 1.40735 1.1999 484.6 403.9 28,79 43.9 1.40755 1.2005 486.0 404.8 28,88 44.0 1.40775 1.2010 487.3 405.7 28,95 44.1 1.40795 1.2015 488.6 406.7 29,03 44.2 1.40815 1.2021 490.0 407.6 29,11 44.3 1.40836 1.2026 491.3 408.5 29,19 44.4 1.40856 1.2032 492.7 409.5 29,27 44.5 1.40876 1.2037 494.0 410.4 29,35 44.6 1.40896 1.2042 495.3 411.3 29,43 44.7 1.40916 1.2048 496.7 412.3 29,51 44.8 1.40937 1.2053 498.0 413.2 29,59 44.9 1.40957 1.2059 499.4 414.1 29,67 45.0 1.40977 1.2064 500.7 415.0 29,75 45.1 1.40997 1.2070 502.1 416.0 29,83 45.2 1.41018 1.2076 503.5 417.0 29,92 45.3 1.41038 1.2081 504.9 417.9 30,00 45.4 1.41058 1.2087 506.3 418.9 30,08 45.5 1.41079 1.2093 507.8 419.9 30,17 45.6 1.41099 1.2098 509.2 420.9 30,25 45.7 1.41119 1.2104 510.6 421.8 30,34 45.8 1.41139 1.2110 512.0 422.8 30,42 45.9 1.41160 1.2115 513.4 423.7 30,50 46.0 1.41180 1.2121 514.8 424.7 30,59 46.1 1.41200 1.2127 516.1 425.6 30,66 46.2 1.41221 1.2132 517.5 426.5 30,75 46.3 1.41241 1.2137 518.8 427.5 30,82 46.4 1.41262 1.2143 520.2 428.4 30,91 46.5 1.41282 1.2148 521.5 429.3 30,99 46.6 1.41302 1.2154 522.8 430.2 31,06 46.7 1.41323 1.2159 524.2 431.1 31,15 46.8 1.41343 1.2165 525.5 432.0 31,22 46.9 1.41364 1.2170 526.9 432.9 31,31 47.0 1.41384 1.2175 528.2 433.8 31,38 47.1 1.41405 1.2181 529.6 434.8 31,47 47.2 1.41425 1.2187 531.0 435.7 31,55 47.3 1.41446 1.2192 532.4 436.7 31,63 47.4 1.41466 1.2198 533.8 437.6 31,72 47.5 1.41487 1.2204 535.3 438.6 31,81 47.6 1.41508 1.2210 536.7 439.5 31,89 47.7 1.41528 1.2215 538.1 440.5 31,97 47.8 1.41549 1.2221 539.5 441.4 32,05 47.9 1.41569 1.2227 540.9 442.4 32,14 48.0 1.41590 1.2232 542.3 443.3 32,22 48.1 1.41611 1.2238 543.6 444.2 32,30 48.2 1.41632 1.2243 545.0 445.1 32,38 48.3 1.41652 1.2249 546.3 446.0 32,46 48.4 1.41673 1.2254 547.7 446.9 32,59 48.5 1.41694 1.2260 549.1 447.8 32,63 48.6 1.41715 1.2265 550.4 448.7 32,70 48.7 1.41736 1.2271 551.8 449.7 32,79 48.8 1.41756 1.2276 553.1 450.6 32,86 48.9 1.41777 1.2282 554.5 451.4 32,95 49.0 1.41798 1.2287 555.8 452.3 33,02 49.1 1.41819 1.2293 557.2 453.3 33,11 49.2 1.41840 1.2298 558.6 454.2 33,19 49.3 1.41861 1.2304 560.0 455.1 33,27 49.4 1.41882 1.2310 561.4 456.1 33,36 49.5 1.41903 1.2315 562.8 457.0 33,44 49.6 1.41924 1.2321 564.2 457.9 33,52 49.7 1.41945 1.2327 565.6 458.8 33,61 49.8 1.41966 1.2332 567.0 459.8 33,69 49.9 1.41987 1.2338 568.4 460.7 33,77 50.0 1.42008 1.2344 569.8 461.6 33,86 50.1 1.42029 1.2349 571.2 462.5 33,94 50.2 1.42050 1.2355 572.6 463.5 34,02 50.3 1.42071 1.2361 574.0 464.4 34,10 50.4 1.42092 1.2366 575.4 465.3 34,19 50.5 1.42114 1.2372 576.9 466.2 34,28 50.6 1.42135 1.2378 578.3 467.2 34,36 50.7 1.42156 1.2384 579.7 468.1 34,44 50.8 1.42177 1.2389 581.1 469.0 34,53 50.9 1.42198 1.2395 582.5 469.9 34,61 51.0 1.42219 1.2401 583.9 470.9 34,69 51.1 1.42240 1.2407 585.4 471.8 34,78 51.2 1.42261 1.2413 586.9 472.8 34,87 51.3 1.42283 1.2419 588.3 473.8 34,95 51.4 1.42304 1.2425 589.8 474.7 35,04 51.5 1.42325 1.2431 591.3 475.7 35,13 51.6 1.42346 1.2437 592.8 476.6 35,22 51.7 1.42367 1.2443 594.3 477.6 35,31 51.8 1.42389 1.2449 595.7 478.6 35,39 51.9 1.42410 1.2455 597.2 479.5 35,48 52.0 1.42431 1.2461 598.7 480.5 35,57 52.1 1.42452 1.2466 600.1 481.4 35,65 52.2 1.42474 1.2472 601.5 482.3 35,74 52.3 1.42495 1.2478 602.9 483.2 35,82 52.4 1.42517 1.2483 604.3 484.1 35,91 52.5 1.42538 1.2489 605.8 485.0 35,99 52.6 1.42559 1.2495 607.2 485.9 36,08 52.7 1.42581 1.2500 608.6 486.8 36,16 52.8 1.42602 1.2506 610.0 487.7 36,24 52.9 1.42624 1.2512 611.4 488.6 36,33 53.0 1.42645 1.2518 612.8 489.6 36,41 53.1 1.42666 1.2524 614.3 490.5 36,50 53.2 1.42686 1.2530 615.8 491.4 36,59 53.3 1.42707 1.2536 617.2 492.4 36,67 53.4 1.42727 1.2542 618.7 493.3 36,76 53.5 1.42748 1.2548 620.2 494.3 36,85 53.6 1.42769 1.2554 621.7 495.2 36,94 53.7 1.42789 1.2560 623.2 496.2 37,03 53.8 1.42810 1.2566 624.6 497.1 37,11 53.9 1.42830 1.2571 626.1 498.0 37,20 54.0 1.42851 1.2577 627.6 499.0 37,29 54.1 1.42874 1.2583 629.0 499.9 37,37 54.2 1.42897 1.2589 630.4 500.8 37,45 54.3 1.42919 1.2595 631.8 501.7 37,54 54.4 1.42942 1.2600 633.2 502.6 37,62 54.5 1.42965 1.2606 634.7 503.5 37,71 54.6 1.42988 1.2612 636.1 504.3 37,79 54.7 1.43011 1.2617 637.5 505.2 37,88 54.8 1.43033 1.2623 638.9 506.1 37,96 54.9 1.43056 1.2629 640.3 507.0 38,04 55.0 1.43079 1.2635 641.7 507.9 38,11 55.1 1.43101 1.2640 643.2 508.8 38,22 55.2 1.43123 1.2646 644.6 509.7 38,30 55.3 1.43145 1.2652 646.1 510.7 38,39 55.4 1.43167 1.2658 647.6 511.6 38,48 55.5 1.43189 1.2664 649.1 512.5 38,57 55.6 1.43210 1.2670 650.5 513.4 38,65 55.7 1.43232 1.2676 652.0 514.3 38,74 55.8 1.43254 1.2682 653.5 515.3 38,83 55.9 1.43276 1.2688 654.9 516.2 38,91 56.0 1.43298 1.2694 656.4 517.1 39,00 56.1 1.43320 1.2700 657.9 518.0 39,09 56.2 1.43342 1.2706 659.4 518.9 39,18 56.3 1.43364 1.2712 660.8 519.9 39,26 56.4 1.43386 1.2718 662.3 520.8 39,35 56.5 1.43409 1.2724 663.8 521.7 39,44 56.6 1.43431 1.2730 665.3 522.6 39,53 56.7 1.43453 1.2736 666.8 523.5 39,62 56.8 1.43475 1.2742 668.2 524.4 39,70 56.9 1.43497 1.2748 669.7 525.4 39,79 57.0 1.43519 1.2754 671.2 526.3 39,88 57.1 1.43541 1.2760 672.7 527.2 39,97 57.2 1.43563 1.2766 674.3 528.2 40,06 57.3 1.43586 1.2773 675.8 529.1 40,15 57.4 1.43608 1.2779 677.4 530.1 40,25 57.5 1.43630 1.2785 678.9 531.0 40,34 57.6 1.43652 1.2791 680.4 532.0 40,43 57.7 1.43674 1.2797 682.0 532.9 40,52 57.8 1.43697 1.2804 683.5 533.8 40,61 57.9 1.43719 1.2810 685.1 534.8 40,70 58.0 1.43741 1.2816 686.6 535.7 40,80 58.1 1.43763 1.2822 688.1 536.6 40,88 58.2 1.43786 1.2828 689.6 537.5 40,97 58.3 1.43808 1.2834 691.0 538.4 41,06 58.4 1.43831 1.2840 692.5 539.3 41,14 58.5 1.43854 1.2846 694.0 540.2 41,23 58.6 1.43876 1.2852 695.5 541.1 41,32 58.7 1.43899 1.2858 697.0 542.0 41,41 58.8 1.43921 1.2864 698.4 542.9 41,50 58.9 1.43944 1.2870 699.9 543.8 41,58 59.0 1.43966 1.2876 701.4 544.7 41,67 59.1 1.43989 1.2882 702.9 545.7 41,76 59.2 1.44011 1.2888 704.5 546.6 41,86 59.3 1.44034 1.2895 706.0 547.5 41,95 59.4 1.44056 1.2901 707.6 548.5 42,04 59.5 1.44079 1.2907 709.1 549.4 42,13 59.6 1.44102 1.2913 710.6 550.3 42,22 59.7 1.44124 1.2920 712.2 551.2 42,32 59.8 1.44147 1.2926 713.7 552.2 42,41 59.9 1.44169 1.2932 715.3 553.1 42,50 60.0 1.44192 1.2938 716.8 554.0 42,59 60.1 1.44215 1.2944 718.3 554.9 42,68 60.2 1.44237 1.2950 719.8 555.8 42,77 60.3 1.44260 1.2956 721.2 556.7 42,85 60.4 1.44283 1.2962 722.7 557.6 42,94 60.5 1.44306 1.2968 724.2 558.4 43,03 60.6 1.44328 1.2974 725.7 559.3 43,12 60.7 1.44351 1.2980 727.2 560.2 43,21 60.8 1.44374 1.2986 728.6 561.1 43,29 60.9 1.44396 1.2992 730.1 562.0 43,38 61.0 1.44419 1.2998 731.6 562.8 43,47 61.1 1.44442 1.3004 733.1 563.8 43,56 61.2 1.44465 1.3011 734.7 564.7 43,65 61.3 1.44488 1.3017 736.2 565.6 43,74 61.4 1.44511 1.3023 737.8 566.5 43,84 61.5 1.44533 1.3030 739.4 567.4 43,93 61.6 1.44556 1.3036 740.9 568.4 44,02 61.7 1.44579 1.3042 742.5 569.3 44,12 61.8 1.44602 1.3048 744.0 570.2 44,21 61.9 1.44625 1.3055 745.6 571.1 44,30 62.0 1.44648 1.3061 747.1 572.0 44,39 62.1 1.44671 1.3067 748.6 572.9 44,48 62.2 1.44694 1.3073 750.2 573.8 44,57 62.3 1.44717 1.3080 751.7 574.7 44,66 62.4 1.44740 1.3086 753.3 575.6 44,76 62.5 1.44764 1.3092 754.8 576.5 44,85 62.6 1.44787 1.3098 756.3 577.4 44,94 62.7 1.44810 1.3104 757.9 578.3 45,03 62.8 1.44833 1.3111 759.4 579.2 45,12 62.9 1.44856 1.3117 761.0 580.1 45,21 63.0 1.44879 1.3123 762.5 581.0 45,31 63.1 1.44902 1.3130 764.1 582.0 45,40 63.2 1.44926 1.3136 765.7 582.9 45,49 63.3 1.44949 1.3143 767.3 583.8 45,59 63.4 1.44972 1.3149 768.9 584.8 45,69 63.5 1.44996 1.3156 770.6 585.7 45,79 63.6 1.45019 1.3162 772.2 586.6 45,88 63.7 1.45042 1.3169 773.8 587.6 45,98 63.8 1.45065 1.3175 775.4 588.5 46,07 63.9 1.45089 1.3182 777.0 589.4 46,17 64.0 1.45112 1.3188 778.6 590.4 46,26 64.1 1.45135 1.3195 780.1 591.3 46,35 64.2 1.45159 1.3201 781.7 592.1 46,45 64.3 1.45183 1.3207 783.2 593.0 46,53 64.4 1.45206 1.3213 784.8 593.9 46,63 64.5 1.45230 1.3219 786.3 594.8 46,72 64.6 1.45253 1.3226 787.8 595.7 46,81 64.7 1.45276 1.3232 789.4 596.6 46,90 64.8 1.45300 1.3238 790.9 597.5 46,99 64.9 1.45324 1.3244 792.5 598.3 47,09 65.0 1.45347 1.3251 794.0 599.2 47,18 65.1 1.45371 1.3257 795.6 600.1 47,27 65.2 1.45394 1.3264 797.2 601.1 47,37 65.3 1.45418 1.3270 798.8 602.0 47,46 65.4 1.45441 1.3277 800.4 602.9 47,56 65.5 1.45465 1.3283 802.1 603.8 47,66 65.6 1.45489 1.3290 803.7 604.7 47,75 65.7 1.45512 1.3296 805.3 605.6 47,85 65.8 1.45536 1.3303 806.9 606.6 47,94 65.9 1.45559 1.3309 808.5 607.5 48,04 66.0 1.45583 1.3316 810.1 608.4 48,13 66.1 1.45607 1.3322 811.6 609.3 48,22 66.2 1.45630 1.3328 813.2 610.1 48,32 66.3 1.45654 1.3335 814.8 611.0 48,41 66.4 1.45678 1.3341 816.3 611.9 48,50 66.5 1.45702 1.3347 817.9 612.8 48,60 66.6 1.45725 1.3353 819.4 613.6 48,69 66.7 1.45749 1.3360 820.9 614.5 48,77 66.8 1.45773 1.3366 822.5 615.4 48,87 66.9 1.45796 1.3372 824.1 616.2 48,97 67.0 1.45820 1.3378 825.6 617.1 49,05 67.1 1.45844 1.3385 827.2 618.0 49,15 67.2 1.45868 1.3391 828.8 618.9 49,24 67.3 1.45892 1.3398 830.4 619.8 49,34 67.4 1.45916 1.3404 832.0 620.7 49,43 67.5 1.45940 1.3411 833.7 621.6 49,53 67.6 1.45964 1.3418 835.3 622.5 49,63 67.7 1.45988 1.3424 836.9 623.4 49,73 67.8 1.46012 1.3431 838.5 624.3 49,82 67.9 1.46036 1.3437 840.1 625.2 49,92 68.0 1.46060 1.3444 841.7 626.1 50,01 68.1 1.46084 1.3450 843.4 627.0 50,11 68.2 1.46108 1.3457 845.1 628.0 50,21 68.3 1.46132 1.3464 846.7 628.9 50,31 68.4 1.46156 1.3471 848.4 629.8 50,41 68.5 1.46181 1.3478 850.1 630.8 50,51 68.6 1.46205 1.3484 851.8 631.7 50,61 68.7 1.46229 1.3491 853.5 632.6 50,71 68.8 1.46253 1.3498 855.1 633.5 50,81 68.9 1.46277 1.3505 856.8 634.5 50,91 69.0 1.46301 1.3512 858.5 635.4 51,01 69.1 1.46325 1.3518 860.1 636.3 51,10 69.2 1.46350 1.3525 861.7 637.2 51,20 69.3 1.46374 1.3531 863.3 638.0 51,29 69.4 1.46398 1.3538 864.9 638.9 51,39 69.5 1.46423 1.3544 866.6 639.8 51,49 69.6 1.46447 1.3551 868.2 640.7 51,58 69.7 1.46471 1.3557 869.8 641.6 51,68 69.8 1.46495 1.3564 871.4 642.4 51,78 69.9 1.46520 1.3570 873.0 643.3 51,87 70.0 1.46544 1.3577 874.6 644.2 51,97 70.1 1.46568 1.3583 876.2 645.1 52,06 70.2 1.46593 1.3590 877.8 645.9 52,15 70.3 1.46618 1.3596 879.4 646.8 52,25 70.4 1.46642 1.3603 881.0 647.7 52,35 70.5 1.46667 1.3609 882.7 648.6 52,45 70.6 1.46691 1.3616 884.3 649.4 52,54 70.7 1.46715 1.2622 885.9 650.3 52,64 70.8 1.46740 1.3629 887.5 651.2 52,73 70.9 1.46765 1.3635 889.1 652.1 52,83 71.0 1.46789 1.3642 890.7 652.9 52,92 71.1 1.46814 1.3649 892.4 653.8 53,02 71.2 1.46838 1.3655 894.1 654.7 53,12 71.3 1.46863 1.3662 895.7 655.6 53,22 71.4 1.46888 1.3669 897.4 656.5 53,32 71.5 1.46913 1.3676 899.1 657.4 53,42 71.6 1.46937 1.3683 900.8 658.3 53,52 71.7 1.46962 1.3689 902.5 659.2 53,62 71.8 1.46987 1.3696 904.1 660.1 53,72 71.9 1.47011 1.3703 905.8 661.0 53,82 72.0 1.47036 1.3710 907.5 661.9 53,92 72.1 1.47061 1.3717 909.2 662.8 54,02 72.2 1.47086 1.3723 910.8 663.7 54,12 72.3 1.47110 1.3730 912.5 664.6 54,22 72.4 1.47135 1.3737 914.2 665.5 54,32 72.5 1.47160 1.3744 915.9 666.4 54,42 72.6 1.47185 1.3750 917.5 667.3 54,51 72.7 1.47210 1.3757 919.2 668.2 54,62 72.8 1.47234 1.3764 920.9 669.0 54,72 72.9 1.47259 1.3771 922.5 669.9 54,81 73.0 1.47284 1.3777 924.2 670.8 54,91 73.1 1.47309 1.3784 925.9 671.7 55,01 73.2 1.47334 1.3791 927.6 672.6 55,11 73.3 1.47359 1.3798 929.2 673.5 55,21 73.4 1.47384 1.3804 930.9 674.4 55,31 73.5 1.47409 1.3811 932.6 675.2 55,41 73.6 1.47434 1.3818 934.3 676.1 55,51 73.7 1.47459 1.3825 936.0 677.0 55,61 73.8 1.47484 1.3832 937.6 677.9 55,71 73.9 1.47509 1.3838 939.3 678.8 55,81 74.0 1.47534 1.3845 941.0 679.7 55,91 74.1 1.47559 1.3852 942.7 680.5 56,01 74.2 1.47584 1.3859 944.4 681.4 56,11 74.3 1.47609 1.3866 946.0 682.3 56,21 74.4 1.47634 1.3872 947.7 683.2 56,31 74.5 1.47660 1.3879 949.4 684.0 56,41 74.6 1.47685 1.3886 951.1 684.9 56,51 74.7 1.47710 1.3893 952.8 685.8 56,61 74.8 1.47735 1.3900 954.4 686.7 56,71 74.9 1.47760 1.3906 956.1 687.5 56,81

TABLE III

Table giving the sugar ( 8 ) concentration in rectified concentrated must in grams per litre and grams per kilogram, determined by means of a refractometer graduated either in percentage by mass of sucrose at 20 °C or in refractive index at 20 °C. The density at 20 °C is also given







Sucrose % (m/m) Refractive index at 20 °C Density at 20 °C Sugar in g/l Sugar in g/kg Alcoholic strength % vol at 20 °C 50.0 1.42008 1.2342 627.6 508.5 37,28 50.1 1.42029 1.2348 629.3 509.6 37,38 50.2 1.42050 1.2355 630.9 510.6 37,48 50.3 1.42071 1.2362 632.4 511.6 37,56 50.4 1.42092 1.2367 634.1 512.7 37,66 50.5 1.42113 1.2374 635.7 513.7 37,76 50.6 1.42135 1.2381 637.3 514.7 37,85 50.7 1.42156 1.2386 638.7 515.7 37,94 50.8 1.42177 1.2391 640.4 516.8 38,04 50.9 1.42198 1.2396 641.9 517.8 38,13 51.0 1.42219 1.2401 643.4 518.8 38,22 51.1 1.42240 1.2406 645.0 519.9 38,31 51.2 1.42261 1.2411 646.5 520.9 38,40 51.3 1.42282 1.2416 648.1 522.0 38,50 51.4 1.42304 1.2421 649.6 523.0 38,59 51.5 1.42325 1.2427 651.2 524.0 38,68 51.6 1.42347 1.2434 652.9 525.1 38,78 51.7 1.42368 1.2441 654.5 526.1 38,88 51.8 1.42389 1.2447 656.1 527.1 38,97 51.9 1.42410 1.2454 657.8 528.2 39,07 52.0 1.42432 1.2461 659.4 529.2 39,17 52.1 1.42453 1.2466 661.0 530.2 39,26 52.2 1.42475 1.2470 662.5 531.3 39,35 52.3 1.42496 1.2475 664.1 532.3 39,45 52.4 1.42517 1.2480 665.6 533.3 39,54 52.5 1.42538 1.2486 667.2 534.4 39,63 52.6 1.42560 1.2493 668.9 535.4 39,73 52.7 1.42581 1.2500 670.5 536.4 39,83 52.8 1.42603 1.2506 672.2 537.5 39,93 52.9 1.42624 1.2513 673.8 538.5 40,02 53.0 1.42645 1.2520 675.5 539.5 40,12 53.1 1.42667 1.2525 677.1 540.6 40,22 53.2 1.42689 1.2530 678.5 541.5 40,30 53.3 1.42711 1.2535 680.2 542.6 40,40 53.4 1.42733 1.2540 681.8 543.7 40,50 53.5 1.42754 1.2546 683.4 544.7 40,59 53.6 1.42776 1.2553 685.1 545.8 40,69 53.7 1.42797 1.2560 686.7 546.7 40,79 53.8 1.42819 1.2566 688.4 547.8 40,89 53.9 1.42840 1.2573 690.1 548.9 40,99 54.0 1.42861 1.2580 691.7 549.8 41,09 54.1 1.42884 1.2585 693.3 550.9 41,18 54.2 1.42906 1.2590 694.9 551.9 41,28 54.3 1.42927 1.2595 696.5 553.0 41,37 54.4 1.42949 1.2600 698.1 554.0 41,47 54.5 1.42971 1.2606 699.7 555.1 41,56 54.6 1.42993 1.2613 701.4 556.1 41,66 54.7 1.43014 1.2620 703.1 557.1 41,76 54.8 1.43036 1.2625 704.7 558.2 41,86 54.9 1.43058 1.2630 706.2 559.1 41,95 55.0 1.43079 1.2635 707.8 560.2 42,04 55.1 1.43102 1.2639 709.4 561.3 42,14 55.2 1.43124 1.2645 711.0 562.3 42,23 55.3 1.43146 1.2652 712.7 563.3 42,33 55.4 1.43168 1.2659 714.4 564.3 42,44 55.5 1.43189 1.2665 716.1 565.4 42,54 55.6 1.43211 1.2672 717.8 566.4 42,64 55.7 1.43233 1.2679 719.5 567.5 42,74 55.8 1.43255 1.2685 721.1 568.5 42,83 55.9 1.43277 1.2692 722.8 569.5 42,93 56.0 1.43298 1.2699 724.5 570.5 43,04 56.1 1.43321 1.2703 726.1 571.6 43,13 56.2 1.43343 1.2708 727.7 572.6 43,23 56.3 1.43365 1.2713 729.3 573.7 43,32 56.4 1.43387 1.2718 730.9 574.7 43,42 56.5 1.43409 1.2724 732.6 575.8 43,52 56.6 1.43431 1.2731 734.3 576.8 43,62 56.7 1.43454 1.2738 736.0 577.8 43,72 56.8 1.43476 1.2744 737.6 578.8 43,81 56.9 1.43498 1.2751 739.4 579.9 43,92 57.0 1.43519 1.2758 741.1 580.9 44,02 57.1 1.43542 1.2763 742.8 582.0 44,12 57.2 1.43564 1.2768 744.4 583.0 44,22 57.3 1.43586 1.2773 745.9 584.0 44,31 57.4 1.43609 1.2778 747.6 585.1 44,41 57.5 1.43631 1.2784 749.3 586.1 44,51 57.6 1.43653 1.2791 751.0 587.1 44,61 57.7 1.43675 1.2798 752.7 588.1 44,71 57.8 1.43698 1.2804 754.4 589.2 44,81 57.9 1.43720 1.2810 756.1 590.2 44,91 58.0 1.43741 1.2818 757.8 591.2 45,01 58.1 1.43764 1.2822 759.5 592.3 45,11 58.2 1.43784 1.2827 761.1 593.4 45,21 58.3 1.43809 1.2832 762.6 594.3 45,30 58.4 1.43832 1.2837 764.3 595.4 45,40 58.5 1.43854 1.2843 766.0 596.4 45,50 58.6 1.43877 1.2850 767.8 597.5 45,61 58.7 1.43899 1.2857 769.5 598.5 45,71 58.8 1.43922 1.2863 771.1 599.5 45,80 58.9 1.43944 1.2869 772.9 600.6 45,91 59.0 1.43966 1.2876 774.6 601.6 46,01 59.1 1.43988 1.2882 776.3 602.6 46,11 59.2 1.44011 1.2889 778.1 603.7 46,22 59.3 1.44034 1.2896 779.8 604.7 46,32 59.4 1.44057 1.2902 781.6 605.8 46,43 59.5 1.44079 1.2909 783.3 606.8 46,53 59.6 1.44102 1.2916 785.2 607.9 46,64 59.7 1.44124 1.2921 786.8 608.9 46,74 59.8 1.44147 1.2926 788.4 609.9 46,83 59.9 1.44169 1.2931 790.0 610.9 46,93 60.0 1.44192 1.2936 791.7 612.0 47,03 60.1 1.44215 1.2942 793.3 613.0 47,12 60.2 1.44238 1.2949 795.2 614.1 47,23 60.3 1.44260 1.2956 796.9 615.1 47,34 60.4 1.44283 1.2962 798.6 616.1 47,44 60.5 1.44305 1.2969 800.5 617.2 47,55 60.6 1.44328 1.2976 802.2 618.2 47,65 60.7 1.44351 1.2981 803.9 619.3 47,75 60.8 1.44374 1.2986 805.5 620.3 47,85 60.9 1.44397 1.2991 807.1 621.3 47,94 61.0 1.44419 1.2996 808.7 622.3 48,04 61.1 1.44442 1.3002 810.5 623.4 48,14 61.2 1.44465 1.3009 812.3 624.4 48,25 61.3 1.44488 1.3016 814.2 625.5 48,36 61.4 1.44511 1.3022 815.8 626.5 48,46 61.5 1.44534 1.3029 817.7 627.6 48,57 61.6 1.44557 1.3036 819.4 628.6 48,67 61.7 1.44580 1.3042 821.3 629.7 48,79 61.8 1.44603 1.3049 823.0 630.7 48,89 61.9 1.44626 1.3056 824.8 631.7 48,99 62.0 1.44648 1.3062 826.6 632.8 49,10 62.1 1.44672 1.3068 828.3 633.8 49,20 62.2 1.44695 1.3075 830.0 634.8 49,30 62.3 1.44718 1.3080 831.8 635.9 49,40 62.4 1.44741 1.3085 833.4 636.9 49,50 62.5 1.44764 1.3090 835.1 638.0 49,60 62.6 1.44787 1.3095 836.8 639.0 49,71 62.7 1.44810 1.3101 838.5 640.0 49,81 62.8 1.44833 1.3108 840.2 641.0 49,91 62.9 1.44856 1.3115 842.1 642.1 50,02 63.0 1.44879 1.3121 843.8 643.1 50,12 63.1 1.44902 1.3128 845.7 644.2 50,23 63.2 1.44926 1.3135 847.5 645.2 50,34 63.3 1.44949 1.3141 849.3 646.3 50,45 63.4 1.44972 1.3148 851.1 647.3 50,56 63.5 1.44995 1.3155 853.0 648.4 50,67 63.6 1.45019 1.3161 854.7 649.4 50,77 63.7 1.45042 1.3168 856.5 650.4 50,88 63.8 1.45065 1.3175 858.4 651.5 50,99 63.9 1.45088 1.3180 860.0 652.5 51,08 64.0 1.45112 1.3185 861.6 653.5 51,18 64.1 1.45135 1.3190 863.4 654.6 51,29 64.2 1.45158 1.3195 865.1 655.6 51,39 64.3 1.45181 1.3201 866.9 656.7 51,49 64.4 1.45205 1.3208 868.7 657.7 51,60 64.5 1.45228 1.3215 870.6 658.8 51,71 64.6 1.45252 1.3221 872.3 659.8 51,81 64.7 1.45275 1.3228 874.1 660.8 51,92 64.8 1.45299 1.3235 876.0 661.9 52,03 64.9 1.45322 1.3241 877.8 662.9 52,14 65.0 1.45347 1.3248 879.7 664.0 52,25 65.1 1.45369 1.3255 881.5 665.0 52,36 65.2 1.45393 1.3261 883.2 666.0 52,46 65.3 1.45416 1.3268 885.0 667.0 52,57 65.4 1.45440 1.3275 886.9 668.1 52,68 65.5 1.45463 1.3281 888.8 669.2 52,79 65.6 1.45487 1.3288 890.6 670.2 52,90 65.7 1.45510 1.3295 892.4 671.2 53,01 65.8 1.45534 1.3301 894.2 672.3 53,12 65.9 1.45557 1.3308 896.0 673.3 53,22 66.0 1.45583 1.3315 898.0 674.4 53,34 66.1 1.45605 1.3320 899.6 675.4 53,44 66.2 1.45629 1.3325 901.3 676.4 53,54 66.3 1.45652 1.3330 903.1 677.5 53,64 66.4 1.45676 1.3335 904.8 678.5 53,75 66.5 1.45700 1.3341 906.7 679.6 53,86 66.6 1.45724 1.3348 908.5 680.6 53,96 66.7 1.45747 1.3355 910.4 681.7 54,08 66.8 1.45771 1.3361 912.2 682.7 54,18 66.9 1.45795 1.3367 913.9 683.7 54,29 67.0 1.45820 1.3374 915.9 684.8 54,40 67.1 1.45843 1.3380 917.6 685.8 54,51 67.2 1.45867 1.3387 919.6 686.9 54,62 67.3 1.45890 1.3395 921.4 687.9 54,73 67.4 1.45914 1.3400 923.1 688.9 54,83 67.5 1.45938 1.3407 925.1 690.0 54,95 67.6 1.45962 1.3415 927.0 691.0 55,06 67.7 1.45986 1.3420 928.8 692.1 55,17 67.8 1.46010 1.3427 930.6 693.1 55,28 67.9 1.46034 1.3434 932.6 694.2 55,40 68.0 1.46060 1.3440 934.4 695.2 55,50 68.1 1.46082 1.3447 936.2 696.2 55,61 68.2 1.46106 1.3454 938.0 697.2 55,72 68.3 1.46130 1.3460 939.9 698.3 55,83 68.4 1.46154 1.3466 941.8 699.4 55,94 68.5 1.46178 1.3473 943.7 700.4 56,06 68.6 1.46202 1.3479 945.4 701.4 56,16 68.7 1.46226 1.3486 947.4 702.5 56,28 68.8 1.46251 1.3493 949.2 703.5 56,38 68.9 1.46275 1.3499 951.1 704.6 56,50 69.0 1.46301 1.3506 953.0 705.6 56,61 69.1 1.46323 1.3513 954.8 706.6 56,72 69.2 1.46347 1.3519 956.7 707.7 56,83 69.3 1.46371 1.3526 958.6 708.7 56,94 69.4 1.46396 1.3533 960.6 709.8 57,06 69.5 1.46420 1.3539 962.4 710.8 57,17 69.6 1.46444 1.3546 964.3 711.9 57,28 69.7 1.46468 1.3553 966.2 712.9 57,39 69.8 1.46493 1.3560 968.2 714.0 57,51 69.9 1.46517 1.3566 970.0 715.0 57,62 70.0 1.46544 1.3573 971.8 716.0 57,72 70.1 1.46565 1.3579 973.8 717.1 57,84 70.2 1.46590 1.3586 975.6 718.1 57,95 70.3 1.46614 1.3593 977.6 719.2 58,07 70.4 1.46639 1.3599 979.4 720.2 58,18 70.5 1.46663 1.3606 981.3 721.2 58,29 70.6 1.46688 1.3613 983.3 722.3 58,41 70.7 1.46712 1.3619 985.2 723.4 58,52 70.8 1.46737 1.3626 987.1 724.4 58,63 70.9 1.46761 1.3633 988.9 725.4 58,74 71.0 1.46789 1.3639 990.9 726.5 58,86 71.1 1.46810 1.3646 992.8 727.5 58,97 71.2 1.46835 1.3653 994.8 728.6 59,09 71.3 1.46859 1.3659 996.6 729.6 59,20 71.4 1.46884 1.3665 998.5 730.7 59,31 71.5 1.46908 1.3672 1 000.4 731.7 59,42 71.6 1.46933 1.3678 1 002.2 732.7 59,53 71.7 1.46957 1.3685 1 004.2 733.8 59,65 71.8 1.46982 1.3692 1 006.1 734.8 59,76 71.9 1.47007 1.3698 1 008.0 735.9 59,88 72.0 1.47036 1.3705 1 009.9 736.9 59,99 72.1 1.47056 1.3712 1 012.0 738.0 60,11 72.2 1.47081 1.3718 1 013.8 739.0 60,22 72.3 1.47106 1.3725 1 015.7 740.0 60,33 72.4 1.47131 1.3732 1 017.7 741.1 60,45 72.5 1.47155 1.3738 1 019.5 742.1 60,56 72.6 1.47180 1.3745 1 021.5 743.2 60,68 72.7 1.47205 1.3752 1 023.4 744.2 60,79 72.8 1.47230 1.3758 1 025.4 745.3 60,91 72.9 1.47254 1.3765 1 027.3 746.3 61,02 73.0 1.47284 1.3772 1 029.3 747.4 61,14 73.1 1.47304 1.3778 1 031.2 748.4 61,25 73.2 1.47329 1.3785 1 033.2 749.5 61,37 73.3 1.47354 1.3792 1 035.1 750.5 61,48 73.4 1.47379 1.3798 1 037.1 751.6 61,60 73.5 1.47404 1.3805 1 039.0 752.6 61,72 73.6 1.47429 1.3812 1 040.9 753.6 61,83 73.7 1.47454 1.3818 1 042.8 754.7 61,94 73.8 1.47479 1.3825 1 044.8 755.7 62,06 73.9 1.47504 1.3832 1 046.8 756.8 62,18 74.0 1.47534 1.3838 1 048.6 757.8 62,28 74.1 1.47554 1.3845 1 050.7 758.9 62,41 74.2 1.47579 1.3852 1 052.6 759.9 62,52 74.3 1.47604 1.3858 1 054.6 761.0 62,64 74.4 1.47629 1.3865 1 056.5 762.0 62,76 74.5 1.47654 1.3871 1 058.5 763.1 62,87 74.6 1.47679 1.3878 1 060.4 764.1 62,99 74.7 1.47704 1.3885 1 062.3 765.1 63,10 74.8 1.47730 1.3892 1 064.4 766.2 63,23 74.9 1.47755 1.3898 1 066.3 767.2 63,33 75.0 1.47785 1.3905 1 068.3 768.3 63,46

3. ALCOHOLIC STRENGTH BY VOLUME

1. DEFINITION

The alcoholic strength by volume is the number of litres of ethanol contained in 100 litres of wine, both volumes being measured at a temperature of 20 °C. It is expressed by the symbol ‘% vol’.

Note:

Homologues of ethanol, together with the ethanol and ethanol homologues in ethyl esters, are included in the alcoholic strength since they occur in the distillate.

2. PRINCIPLE OF METHODS

2.1. Distillation of wine made alkaline by a suspension of calcium hydroxide. Measurement of the alcoholic strength of the distillate.

▼M12

2.2. Reference methods: — measurement of the alcoholic strength of the distillate using a pycnometer, — measurement of the alcoholic strength of wines using a hydrostatic balance, — measurement of the alcoholic strength of wines by electronic densimetry using a frequency oscillator.

▼B

2.3. Usual methods: 2.3.1. Measurement of the alcoholic strength of the distillate with a hydrometer. ▼M11 ————— ▼B 2.3.3. Measurement of the alcoholic strength of the distillate by refractometry. Note: To obtain the alcoholic strength from the density of the distillate, use Tables I, II and III in Appendix II to this section of the Annex. These have been calculated from the International Tables of Alcoholic Strength published in 1972 by the International Legal Metrology Organization in its Recommendation 22 and adopted by the OIV (General Assembly, 1974). Table I gives the general formula relating the alcoholic strength by volume and the density of alcohol-water mixtures as a function of temperature.

3. METHOD OF OBTAINING DISTILLATE

3.1. Apparatus

3.1.1. Distillation apparatus, consisting of: — a round-bottomed 1-litre flask with ground-glass joints, — a rectifying column about 20 cm in height or any apparatus to prevent splashing, — a source of heat; any pyrolysis of extracted matter must be prevented by a suitable arrangement, — a condenser terminated by a drawn-out tube taking the distillate to the bottom of a graduated receiving flask containing several ml of water.

3.1.2. Steam-distillation apparatus consisting of: 1. a steam-generator; 2. a steam pipe; 3. a rectifying column; 4. a condenser. Any type of distillation or steam-distillation apparatus may be used provided that it satisfies the following test: Distil an ethanol-water mixture with an alcoholic strength of 10 % vol five times in succession. The distillate should have an alcoholic strength of at least 9,9 % vol after the fifth distillation, i.e. the loss of alcohol during each distillation should not be more than 0,02 % vol.

3.2. Reagents

3.2.1. A 2 M suspension of calcium hydroxide, obtained by carefully pouring 1 litre of water at 60 to 70 °C on to 120 g of quicklime (CaO).

3.3. Preparation of sample

Remove the bulk of any carbon dioxide from young and sparkling wines by stirring 250 to 300 ml of the wine in a 500-ml flask.

3.4. Procedure

Measure out 200 ml of the wine using a graduated flask.

Record the temperature of the wine.

Transfer the wine to the distillation flask and introduce the steam-pipe of the steam-distillation apparatus. Rinse the graduated flask four times with successive 5-ml washings of water added to the flask or the steam-pipe. Add 10 ml of (3.2.1) calcium hydroxide and several pieces of inert porous material (pumice, etc).

Collect the distillate in the 200-ml graduated flask used to measure the wine.

Collect a volume of about three-quarters of the initial volume if distillation is used and a volume of 198 to 199 ml of distillate if steam distillation is used. Make up to 200 ml with distilled water, keeping the distillate at a temperature within 2 °C of the initial temperatures.

Mix with great care, using a circular motion.

Note:

In the case of wines containing particularly large concentrations of ammonium ions, the distillate may be redistilled under the conditions described above, but replacing the suspension of calcium hydroxide with 1 M sulphuric acid diluted to 10 parts in 100 (vol/vol).

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4. REFERENCE METHODS

4–A Measurement of the alcoholic strength of the distillate using a pycnometer

▼B

4.1. Apparatus

4.1.1. Use the standardized pycnometer as described in the chapter ‘Density and specific gravity’ (Annex, chapter 1).

4.2. Procedure

Measure the apparent density of the distillate (3.4) at t °C as described in the chapter ‘Density and specific gravity’ (Annex, chapter 1, sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2). Let this density be ρt .

4.3. Expression of results

4.3.1. Method of calculation

Find the alcoholic strength at 20 °C using Table I. In the horizontal line of this table corresponding to the temperature T (expressed as a whole number) immediately below t °C, find the smallest density greater than ρt . Use the tabular difference just below this density to calculate the density ρ at this temperature T.

On the line of the temperature T, find the density ρ immediately above ρ′ and calculate the difference between the densities ρ and ρ′. Divide this difference by the tabular difference just to the right of the density ρ′. The quotient gives the decimal part of the alcoholic strength, while the whole number part of this strength is shown at the head of the column in which the density ρ′ is located.

An example of the calculation of an alcoholic strength is given in Appendix I to this chapter of the Annex.

This temperature correction has been incorporated in a computer program and might possibly be carried out automatically.

4.3.2. Repeatability, r: r = 0,10 % vol.

4.3.3. Reproducibility, R: R = 0,19 % vol.

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4–B Measurement of the alcoholic strength of wines using a hydrostatic balance

▼M11

1. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

1.1. Introduction

Alcoholic strength by volume must be measured before marketing, principally to comply with labelling rules.

Alcoholic strength by volume is equal to the number of litres of ethanol contained in 100 litres of wine measured at 20 °C. Referred to as ‘ % vol.’.

1.2. Object and field of application

The method of measurement described is densimetry using a hydrostatic balance.

For the purposes of the regulatory provisions in force, the trial temperature is set at 20 °C.

1.3. Principle and definitions

The principle of this method is based on distilling wine volume by volume. The distilling method is described in this Chapter. Distillation eliminates non-volatile substances. Homologues of ethanol, together with the ethanol and ethanol homologues in ethyl esters, are included in the alcoholic strength since they occur in the distillate.

The density of the distillate obtained is then measured. The density of a liquid at a given temperature is equal to the quotient of the mass over its volume: ρ2 = m/V; for wine, it is expressed in g/ml.

The alcoholic strength of wines can be measured by densimetry using a hydrostatic balance based on Archimedes' principle, according to which a body immersed in a liquid receives a vertical upward thrust from the liquid equal to the weight of liquid displaced.

1.4. Reagents

During the analysis, unless otherwise is stated, use only reagents of recognised analytical grade and water of at least grade 3 as defined in ISO 3696:1987.

1.4.1. Float-cleaning solution (sodium hydroxide, 30 % w/v)

To prepare 100 ml, weigh 30 g sodium hydroxide and make up to volume using 96 % volume ethanol.

1.5. Apparatus and equipment

Usual laboratory apparatus and in particular the following:

1.5.1. Single-pan hydrostatic balance with a sensitivity of 1 mg.

1.5.2. Float with a volume of at least 20 ml, specially adapted to the balance, suspended with a thread of diameter not exceeding 0,1 mm.

1.5.3. Measuring cylinder bearing a level mark. The float must be capable of being contained completely within the volume of the cylinder located below the mark; the surface of the liquid may be penetrated only by the supporting thread. The measuring cylinder must have an internal diameter at least 6 mm larger than that of the float.

1.5.4. Thermometer (or temperature-measuring probe) graduated in degrees and tenths of a degree from 10 °C to 40 °C, calibrated to 0,05 °C.

1.5.5. Weights, calibrated by a recognised certifying body.

1.6. Procedure

The float and measuring cylinder must be cleaned between each measurement with distilled water, dried with soft laboratory paper which does not shed fibres and rinsed with the solution whose density is to be determined. Measurements must be made as soon as the apparatus has reached stability so as to restrict alcohol loss by evaporation.

1.6.1. Calibration of the balance

Although balances usually have an internal calibration system, the hydrostatic balance must be capable of calibration with weights checked by an official certifying body.

1.6.2. Calibration of the float

1.6.2.1. Fill the measuring cylinder to the mark with double-distilled water (or water of equivalent purity, e.g. microfiltered water with a conductivity of 18,2 MΩ/cm) at a temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C but preferably at 20 °C.

1.6.2.2. Immerse the float and the thermometer, stir, read off the density of the liquid from the apparatus and, if necessary, correct the reading so that it is equal to that of the water at measurement temperature.

1.6.3. Control using a water-alcohol solution

1.6.3.1. Fill the measuring cylinder to the mark with a water-alcohol mixture of known strength at a temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C but preferably at 20 °C.

1.6.3.2. Immerse the float and the thermometer, stir, read off the density of the liquid (or the alcoholic strength if this is possible) from the apparatus. The alcoholic strength thus established should be equal to the previously determined alcoholic strength.

Note: This solution of known alcoholic strength can also be used to calibrate the float instead of double-distilled water.

1.6.4. Measurement of the density of a distillate (or of its alcoholic strength if the apparatus allows)

1.6.4.1. Pour the test sample into the measuring cylinder up to the graduation mark.

1.6.4.2. Immerse the float and the thermometer, stir, read off the density of the liquid (or the alcoholic strength if this is possible) from the apparatus. Note the temperature if the density is measured at t °C ρt.

1.6.4.3. Correct ρt using the table of densities ρt for water-alcohol mixtures (Table II of Annex II to this Chapter).

1.6.5. Cleaning of float and measuring cylinder

1.6.5.1. Immerse the float in the float-cleaning solution in the measuring cylinder.

1.6.5.2. Allow to soak for one hour spinning the float periodically.

1.6.5.3. Rinse with copious amounts of tap water followed by distilled water.

1.6.5.4. Dry with soft laboratory paper which does not shed fibres. Carry out this procedure when the float is first used and then regularly as required.

1.6.6. Result

Using the density ρ20, calculate the real alcoholic strength using the table giving the value of the alcoholic strength by volume ( % vol.) at 20 °C as a function of the density at 20 °C of water-alcohol mixtures, i.e. the international table adopted by the International Legal Metrology Organisation in its Recommendation No 22.

2. COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS MADE USING A HYDROSTATIC BALANCE WITH PROCEDURES OBTAINED USING AN ELECTRONIC DENSIMETER

Using samples with an alcoholic strength between 4 % and 18 % vol., repeatability and reproducibility were measured following an inter-laboratory ring test. The alcoholic strength of different samples as measured using the hydrostatic balance and the electronic densimeter and the repeatability and reproducibility values derived from an extensive multiannual inter-comparison exercise were compared.

2.1. Samples

Wines of different density and alcoholic strength prepared each month on industrial scale, taken from a properly stored stock of bottles and delivered as anonymous products to the laboratories.

2.2. Laboratories

Laboratories participating in the monthly ring test organised by the Unione Italiana Vini (Verona, Italy) according to ISO 5725 (UNI 9225) rules and the International Protocol of Proficiency Testing for chemical analysis laboratories established by AOAC, ISO and IUPAC and ISO 43 and ILAC G13 guidelines. An annual report is to be supplied by this company to all participants.

2.3. Equipment

2.3.1. Electronic hydrostatic balance (accurate to 5 decimal places), if possible with a data processing device:

2.3.2. Electronic densimeter, if possible with autosampler.

2.4. Analysis

According to the rules for the validation of methods, each sample was analysed twice consecutively to determine the alcoholic strength.

2.5. Result

Table 1 shows the results of the measurements obtained by the laboratories using the hydrostatic balance.

Table 2 shows the results obtained by the laboratories using an electronic densimeter.

2.6. Evaluations of the results

2.6.1. The trial results were examined for evidence of individual systematic error (p < 0,025) using Cochran's and Grubb's tests successively, by procedures described in the internationally agreed Protocol for the Design, Conduct and Interpretation of Method-Performance Studies.

2.6.2. Repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) Calculations for repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) as defined by that protocol were carried out on those results remaining after the removal of outliers. When assessing a new method there is often no validated reference or statutory method with which to compare precision criteria, hence it is useful to compare the precision data obtained from a collaborative trial with ‘predicted’ levels of precision. These ‘predicted’ levels are calculated from the Horwitz equation. Comparison of the trial results and the predicted levels give an indication as to whether the method is sufficiently precise for the level of analyte being measured. The Horwitz predicted value is calculated from the Horwitz equation. RSDR = 2(1-0,5 logC) where C = measured concentration of analyte expressed as a decimal (e.g. 1 g/100 g = 0,01). The Horrat value gives a comparison of the actual precision measured with the precision predicted by the Horwitz equation for a method measuring at that particular level of analyte. It is calculated as follows: HoR = RSDR(measured)/RSDR(Horwitz )

2.6.3. Interlaboratory precision A Horrat value of 1 usually indicates satisfactory inter-laboratory precision, whereas a value of 2 usually indicates unsatisfactory precision, i.e. one that is too variable for most analytical purposes or where the variation obtained is greater than that expected for the type of method employed. Hor is also calculated, and used to assess intra-laboratory precision, using the following approximation: RSDr(Horwitz) = 0,66 RSDR(Horwitz) (this assumes the approximation r = 0,66 R). Table 3 shows the differences between the measurements obtained by laboratories using electronic densimetry and those using a hydrostatic balance. Excluding sample 2000/3, which had very low alcohol strength and for which both techniques show poor reproducibility, a very good agreement is generally observed for all other samples.

2.6.4. Fidelity parameters Table 4 shows the average overall fidelity parameters computed from all monthly trials carried out from January 1999 until May 2001. In particular: Repeatability (r) = 0,074 ( % vol.) for the hydrostatic balance and 0,061 ( % vol.) for electronic densimetry; Reproducibility (R) = 0,229 ( % vol.) for the hydrostatic balance and 0,174 ( % vol.) for electronic densimetry.

2.7. Conclusion

The results of determining the alcoholic strength of a wide range of wines show the comparability of measurements carried out with the hydrostatic balance and the electronic density-meter using a frequency oscillator and demonstrate that the values of the validation parameters are similar for both methods.







Key to tables — Mean the mean of all the data used in the statistical analysis — N total number of sets of data submitted — Nc number of results excluded from statistical analysis due to non-compliance — Outliers number of results excluded from statistical analysis due to determination as outliers by either Cochran's or Grubb's tests — n1 number of results used in the statistical analysis — R repeatability limit — Sr the standard deviation of the repeatability — RSDr the relative standard deviation of the repeatability (Sr × 100/Mean) — Hor the Horrat value for repeatability is the observed RSDr divided by the RSDr value estimated from the Horwitz equation using the assumption r = 0,66R — R reproducibility limit — SR the standard deviation of the reproducibility — HoR the Horrat value for reproducibility is the observed RSDR value divided by the RSDR value calculated from HoR = RSDR(measured)/RSDR







Table 1: Hydrostatic balance (HB) Mean n Outliers n1 r Sr RSDr Hor R sR RSDR HoR No of replicates Critical difference CrD95 1999/1 11,043 17 1 16 0,0571 0,0204 0,1846 0,1004 0,1579 0,0564 0,5107 0,18 2 0,1080 1999/2 11,247 14 1 13 0,0584 0,0208 0,1854 0,1011 0,1803 0,0644 0,5727 0,21 2 0,1241 1999/3 11,946 16 0 16 0,0405 0,0145 0,1211 0,0666 0,1593 0,0569 0,4764 0,17 2 0,1108 1999/4 7,653 17 1 16 0,0502 0,0179 0,2344 0,1206 0,1537 0,0549 0,7172 0,24 2 0,1057 1999/5 11,188 17 0 17 0,0871 0,0311 0,2780 0,1515 0,2701 0,0965 0,8622 0,31 2 0,1860 1999/6 11,276 19 0 19 0,0846 0,0302 0,2680 0,1462 0,2957 0,1056 0,9365 0,34 2 0,2047 1999/7 8,018 17 0 17 0,0890 0,0318 0,3964 0,2054 0,2573 0,0919 1,1462 0,39 2 0,1764 1999/9 11,226 17 0 17 0,0580 0,0207 0,1846 0,1423 0,2796 0,0999 0,8896 0,45 2 0,1956 1999/10 11,026 17 0 17 0,0606 0,0216 0,1961 0,1066 0,2651 0,0947 0,8588 0,31 2 0,1850 1999/11 7,701 16 1 15 0,0643 0,0229 0,2980 0,1535 0,2330 0,0832 1,0805 0,37 2 0,1616 1999/12 10,987 17 2 15 0,0655 0,0234 0,2128 0,1156 0,1258 0,0449 0,4089 0,15 2 0,0827 2000/1 11,313 16 0 16 0,0986 0,0352 0,3113 0,1699 0,2577 0,0920 0,8135 0,29 2 0,1754 2000/2 11,232 17 0 17 0,0859 0,0307 0,2731 0,1489 0,2535 0,0905 0,8060 0,29 2 0,1740 2000/3 0,679 10 0 10 0,0680 0,0243 3,5773 1,2783 0,6529 0,2332 34,3395 8,10 2 0,4604 2000/4 11,223 18 0 18 0,0709 0,0253 0,2257 0,1230 0,2184 0,0780 0,6951 0,25 2 0,1503 2000/5 7,439 19 1 18 0,0630 0,0225 0,3023 0,1549 0,1522 0,0544 0,7307 0,25 2 0,1029 2000/6 11,181 19 0 19 0,0536 0,0191 0,1710 0,0932 0,2783 0,0994 0,8890 0,32 2 0,1950 2000/7 10,858 16 0 16 0,0526 0,0188 0,1731 0,0939 0,1827 0,0653 0,6011 0,22 2 0,1265 2000/9 12,031 17 1 16 0,0602 0,0215 0,1787 0,0985 0,2447 0,0874 0,7263 0,26 2 0,1704 2000/10 11,374 18 0 18 0,0814 0,0291 0,2555 0,1395 0,2701 0,0965 0,8482 0,31 2 0,1866 2000/11 7,644 18 0 18 0,0827 0,0295 0,3863 0,1988 0,2289 0,0817 1,0694 0,36 2 0,1565 2000/12 11,314 19 1 18 0,0775 0,0277 0,2447 0,1336 0,2421 0,0864 0,7641 0,28 2 0,1667 2001/1 11,415 19 0 19 0,0950 0,0339 0,2971 0,1623 0,2410 0,0861 0,7539 0,27 2 0,1636 2001/2 11,347 19 0 19 0,0792 0,0283 0,2493 0,1361 0,1944 0,0694 0,6119 0,22 2 0,1316 2001/3 11,818 16 0 16 0,0659 0,0235 0,1990 0,1093 0,2636 0,0941 0,7965 0,29 2 0,1834 2001/4 11,331 17 0 17 0,1067 0,0381 0,3364 0,1836 0,1895 0,0677 0,5971 0,22 2 0,1229 2001/5 8,063 19 1 18 0,0782 0,0279 0,3465 0,1797 0,1906 0,0681 0,8442 0,29 2 0,1290







Table 2: Electronic densimetry (ED) Mean n1 n Outliers n1 r sr RSDr Hor R sR RSDR HoR No of replicates Critical difference CrD95 D1999/1 11,019 18 1 17 0,0677 0,0242 0,2196 0,1193 0,1996 0,0713 0,6470 0,23 2 0,1370 D1999/2 11,245 19 2 17 0,0448 0,0160 0,1423 0,0776 0,1311 0,0468 0,4165 0,15 2 0,0900 D1999/3 11,967 21 0 21 0,0701 0,0250 0,2091 0,1151 0,1552 0,0554 0,4631 0,17 2 0,1040 D1999/4 7,643 19 1 18 0,0610 0,0218 0,2852 0,1467 0,1340 0,0479 0,6262 0,21 2 0,0897 D1999/5 11,188 21 3 18 0,0260 0,0093 0,0829 0,0452 0,2047 0,0731 0,6536 0,24 2 0,1442 D1999/6 11,303 21 0 21 0,0652 0,0233 0,2061 0,1125 0,1466 0,0523 0,4631 0,17 2 0,0984 D1999/7 8,026 21 0 21 0,0884 0,0316 0,3935 0,2039 0,1708 0,0610 0,7600 0,26 2 0,1124 D1999/9 11,225 17 0 17 0,0372 0,0133 0,1183 0,0645 0,1686 0,0602 0,5366 0,19 2 0,1178 D1999/10 11,011 19 0 19 0,0915 0,0327 0,2969 0,1613 0,1723 0,0615 0,5588 0,20 2 0,1129 D1999/11 7,648 21 1 20 0,0615 0,0220 0,2872 0,1478 0,1538 0,0549 0,7183 0,24 2 0,1043 D1999/12 10,999 16 1 15 0,0428 0,0153 0,1389 0,0755 0,2015 0,0720 0,6541 0,23 2 0,1408 D2000/1 11,248 22 1 21 0,0697 0,0249 0,2212 0,1206 0,1422 0,0508 0,4516 0,16 2 0,0944 D2000/2 11,240 19 3 16 0,0448 0,0160 0,1424 0,0776 0,1619 0,0578 0,5145 0,19 2 0,1123 D2000/3 0,526 12 1 11 0,0327 0,0117 2,2185 0,7630 0,9344 0,3337 63,4009 14,39 2 0,6605 D2000/4 11,225 19 1 18 0,0476 0,0170 0,1514 0,0825 0,1350 0,0482 0,4295 0,15 2 0,0924 D2000/5 7,423 21 0 21 0,0628 0,0224 0,3019 0,1547 0,2635 0,0941 1,2677 0,43 2 0,1836 D2000/6 11,175 23 2 21 0,0606 0,0217 0,1938 0,1056 0,1697 0,0606 0,5424 0,20 2 0,1161 D2000/7 10,845 21 5 16 0,0440 0,0157 0,1449 0,0786 0,1447 0,0517 0,4766 0,17 2 0,0999 D2000/9 11,983 22 1 21 0,0841 0,0300 0,2507 0,1380 0,2410 0,0861 0,7183 0,26 2 0,1651 D2000/10 11,356 22 1 21 0,0635 0,0227 0,1997 0,1090 0,1865 0,0666 0,5866 0,21 2 0,1280 D2000/11 7,601 27 0 27 0,0521 0,0186 0,2448 0,1258 0,1685 0,0602 0,7916 0,27 2 0,1162 D2000/12 11,322 25 1 24 0,0476 0,0170 0,1503 0,0820 0,1594 0,0569 0,5028 0,18 2 0,1102 D2001/1 11,427 29 0 29 0,0706 0,0252 0,2207 0,1206 0,1526 0,0545 0,47