1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 1
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
►B COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of25June1987
on roll-over protection structures mounted in front of the driver's seat on narrow-track wheeled
agricultural andforestrytractors
(87/402/EEC)
(OJ L 220, 8.8.1987, p. 1)
Amended by:
Official Journal
No page date
►M1Council Directive 89/681/EEC of 21 December 1989 L 398 27 30.12.1989
Amended by:
►A1Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C 241 21 29.8.1994
(adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 1 1 1.1.1995
▼B
COUNCILDIRECTIVE
of25June1987
on roll-over protection structures mounted in front of the driver's
seatonnarrow-trackwheeledagricultural andforestrytractors
(87/402/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee(3),
WhereasCouncil Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1984 on the
approximation of the lawsof the Member Statesrelating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestory tractors(
4), aslas t
amended by the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal, lays down
that the necessary provisions for the implementation of the EEC type-approval procedure in respect of individual tractor parts or characteris-tics should be specified in special directives; whereas the provisionsrelating to roll-over protection structures and their attachments to trac-
torswere laid down by Directives77/536/EEC(
5) and 79/622/EEC(6),
as last amended by the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal;whereas these two Directives cover respectively dynamic and statictesting procedures — either of which may be employed by manufac-turers for the present — and relate to standard tractors, that is,tractorshaving a maximum ground clearance of 1 000 mm and a fixed
or adjustable track width of one of the driving axles of not less than
1 150 mm and weighing between 1,5 and 4,5 tonnesin the cas e of trac-tors covered by the ‘dynamic testing’ directive and not less than 800kilograms in the case of tractors covered by the ‘static testing’ direc-tive;
Whereasthe tractorscovered by thisDirective have a maximum
ground clearance of 600 mm, afixed or adjustable minimum trackwidth with one of the axlesles sthan 1 150 mm fitted with tyresof a
larger size and a mass greater than 600 but less than 3 000 kilograms;
whereas the roll-over protection structures of these tractors, which areused for specific activities, can be made subject to specific requirementor requirementsother than thos e of Directive 77/536/EEC and 79/622/EEC;
Whereasthe technical requirementswith which s uch ‘narrow track’
tractors must comply pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia ,t o
roll-over protection structures and to their attachment to the tractor;
whereasthos e requirementsdiffer from one Member State to another;
whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the samerequirementseither in addition to, or in place of, their exis ting rulesinorder, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval procedure whichwas the subjet of Directive 74/150/EEC to be introduced in respect of
each type of tractor;
WhereasthisDirective coversroll-over protection s tructuresof the
dual-pillar type mounted in front of the driver'ss eat and characterized
by a reduced zone of clearance attributable to the tractor silhouette,
thus rendering it inadvisable, under any circumstances, to impedeaccess to the driving position but worthwhile retaining these structures1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 2
(1) OJ No C 222, 2. 9. 1985, p. 1.
(2) OJ No C 190, 20. 7. 1987.
(3) OJ No C 169, 8. 7. 1985, p. 5.
(4) OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10.
(5) OJ No L 220, 29. 8. 1977, p. 1.
(6) OJ No L 179, 17. 7 1979, p. 1.
▼B
(fold-down or not) in view of their undoubted ease of use; whereas rear
mounted roll-over protection structures of narrow track wheeled agri-cultural and forestry tractors have been the subject of Directive 86/
298/EEC(
1);
Whereasa harmonized component type-approval procedure for roll-
over protection structures and their attachment to the tractor makes itpossible for each Member State to check compliance with the commonconstruction and testing requirements and to inform the other MemberStatesof itsfindingsby s ending them copiesof the component type-approval certificate completed for each type of roll-over protection
structure and its attachment to the tractor; whereas the placing of an
EEC component type-approval mark on all structures manufactured inconformity with the approved type obviatesany need for technicalchecks on those structures in the other Member States; whereascommon requirementsconcerning other elementsand characteris ticsof
the roll-over protection structure will be laid down at a later date;
Whereasthe harmonized requirementsare intended principally to
ensure safety at work and safety on the road throughout the Commu-
nity; whereas, for this reason, it is necessary to introduce theobligation for tractorscovered by thisDirective to be fitted with roll-over protection structures;
Whereasthe approximation of the national lawsrelating to thes e trac-
torsentailsreciprocal recognition by Member Statesof the checkscarried out by each of them on the basis of the common requirements,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE,
Article 1
ThisDirective s hall apply to tractorsasdefined in Article 1 of Direc-
tive 74/150/EEC having the following characteristics:
— ground clearance of not more than 600 mm beneath the lowest
pointsof the front and rear axles , allowing for the differential,
— fixed or adjustable minimum track width with one of the axles less
than 1 150 mm fitted with tyres of a larger size. It is assumed thatthe axle mounted with the wider typesiss et at a track width of not
more than 1 150 mm. It must be possible to set the track width of
the other axle in such a way that the outer edges of the narrowertyresdo not go beyond the outer edgesof the tyresof the otheraxle. Where the two axlesare fitted with rimsand tyresof thesame size, the fixed or adjustable track width of the two axlesmust be less than 1 150 mm,
— mass of 600 and 3 000 kilograms, corresponding to the unladen
weight of the tractor asdefined in s ection 2.4 of Annex I to Direc-tive 74/150/EEC, including the roll-over protection structure fitted
in compliance with this Directive and tyres of the largest size
recommended by the manufacturer.
Article 2
1. Each Member State shall grant component type-approval for any
type of roll-over protection structure and its tractor attachment which
satisfies the construction and testing requirements laid down in
AnnexesI to IV.
2. A Member State which hasgranted EEC component type-
approval shall take the measures required to verify, in so far as isnecessary and if need be in cooperation with the competent authoritiesin the other Member States, that production models conform to theapproved type. Such verification shall be limited to spot checks.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 3
(1) OJ No L 186, 8. 7. 1986, p. 26.
▼B
Article 3
Member States shall, for each type of roll-over protection structure and
its tractor attachment which they approve pursuant to Article 2, issue tothe manufacturer of the tractor or of the roll-over protection structure,or to hisauthorized repres entative, an EEC component type-approvalmark conforming to the model shown in Annex VII.
Member States shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the use of
marks liable to create confusion between roll-over protection structureswhich have been component type-approved pursuant to Article 2 andother devices.
Article 4
1. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the market of roll-
over protection structures or their tractor attachments on groundsrelating to their construction if they bear the EEC component type-approval mark.
2. Nevertheless, a Member State may prohibit the placing on the
market of roll-over protection structures bearing the EEC componenttype-approval mark which fail to conform to the approved type.
That State shall forthwith inform the other Member States and the
Commission of the measures taken, specifying the reasons for its deci-
sion.
Article 5
The competent authoritiesof each Member State s hall within one
month send to the competent authorities of the other Member States
copiesof the component type-approval certificate, an example of whichisgiven in Annex VIII, completed for each type of roll-over protectionstructure which they approve or refuse to approve.
Article 6
1. If the Member State which hasgranted EEC component type-
approval findsthat a number of roll-over protection s tructuresand theirtractor attachmentsbearing the s ame EEC component type-approvalmark do not conform to the type which it hasapproved, it s hall takethe necessary measures to ensure that production models conform to
the approved type. The competent authorities of that State shall advise
those of the other Member States of the measures taken which may,where there iss eriousand repeated failure to conform, extend to with-drawal of EEC component type-approval. The said authorities shalltake the same measures if they are informed by the competent authori-
tiesof another Member State of s uch failure to conform.
2. The competent authoritiesof the Member Statess hall within one
month inform each other of any withdrawal of EEC component type-approval and of the reasons for any such measure.
Article 7
Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted in implementa-
tion of thisDirective to refus e or withdraw component type-approvalfor roll-over protection structures and their tractor attachments, or toprohibit their placing on the market or their use, shall set out in detail
the reasons on which it is based. Such decision shall be notified to the
party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the reme-diesavailable to him under the lawsin force in the Member Statesandof the time limits allowed for the exercise of such remedies.
Article 8
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national
type-approval in respect of a tractor on grounds relating to the roll-over protection structure or its tractor attachment if these bear theEEC component type-approval mark and if the requirementslaiddown in Annex IX have been satisfied.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 4
▼B
Article 9
1. No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale, registration,
entry into service or use of any tractor on grounds relating to the roll-
over protection structure and its tractor attachment if these bear the
EEC component type-approval mark and if the requirementslaiddown in Annex IX have been met.
However, Member Statesmay, in compliance with the Treaty, impos e
restrictions on the use of tractors referred to in this Directive in certainareas where safety so dictates, owing to the specific nature of certainterrains or crops. Member States shall inform the Commission of any
such restrictions before they are implemented and of the reasons for
their adoption.
2. ThisDirective s hall not affect the right of Member Statesto
specify — in due compliance with the Treaty — the requirementsthey deem necessary to ensure that workers are protected when usingthe tractorsin ques tion, provided thisdoesnot mean that the protection
structures are modified in a way unspecified in this Directive.
Article 10
1. In connection with EEC type-approval, any tractor to which
Article 1 refers must be fitted with a roll-over protection structure.
2. The structure, referred to in paragraph 1, unless it is a rear-
mounted protection structure, must comply with the requirements laiddown in AnnexesI to V to thisDirective, or in Directives77/536/EEC or 79/622/EEC.
Article 11
Any amendments which are necessary in order to adapt the require-
mentsof the Annexesto thisDirective s o asto take account oftechnical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure
laid down in Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.
Article 12
Within 18 monthsfollowing notification of thisDirective, the Council,
acting on a proposal from the Commission, on the basis of the provi-
sions of the Treaty, shall adopt a Directive supplementing thisDirective with provisions introducing additional impact tests into thedynamic test procedure.
Article 13
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary to
comply with thisDirective within 24 monthsof itsnotification(
1) and
shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of
the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field
covered by thisDirective.
Article 14
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 5
(1) ThisDirective wasnotified to the Member Stateson 26 June 1987.
▼B
ANNEX I
CONDITIONSFOREECCOMPONENTTYPE-APPROVAL
1. DEFINITION
1.1. ‘Roll-over protection structure’, hereinafter called ‘protection structure’,
means the structure on a tractor the essential purpose of which is to avoid
or limit risks to the driver resulting from roll-over of the tractor during
normal use.
1.2. The structures mentioned in 1.1 display the following characteristics:
— the principal structures are mounted in front of the centre of the
steering wheel,
— the structures have a zone of clearance as defined in Annex IV-A,
section 2.
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Every protection structure and its attachment to a tractor must be so
designed and constructed as to fulfil the essential purpose laid down in
section 1.1.
2.2. Thiscondition iscons idered to be fulfilled if the requirementsof
AnnexesII, III and IV are complied with.
3. APPLICATION FOR EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
3.1. The application for EEC component type-approval with regard to the
strength of a protection structure and the strength of its attachment to a
tractor must be submitted by the tractor manufacturer or by the manufac-
turer of the protection structure or by their authorized representatives.
3.2. The application must be accompanied by the undermentioned documents
in triplicate and by the following particulars:
— a drawing, either to scale or with indication of the principal dimen-
sions, showing the general arrangement of the protection structure.
This drawing must, in particular, show details of the mounting
components,
— photographs from side and front showing mounting details,— a brief description of the protection structure, including type of
construction, method of mounting on the tractor and, where necessary,
detailsof cladding and interior padding,
— details of materials used in the structure and in the roll-over protec-
tion structure mountings (see Annex VI).
3.3. A tractor representative of the tractor type for which the protection struc-
ture to be approved is intended must be submitted to the technical service
responsible for conducting the component type-approval tests. This
tractor must be equipped with the protection structure.
Furthermore, the manufacturer must indicate the sizes of tyres fitting or
able to fit the front and rear axles.
3.4. The holder of EEC component type-approval may request its extension to
other tractor types. The competent authority which has granted the
original EEC component type-approval must grant the extension if the
approved protection structure and the type(s) of tractor for which the
extension is requested comply with the following conditions:
— the mass of the unballasted tractor, as defined in section 1.4 of Annex
III, does not exceed by more than 5 % the reference mass used in the
test;
— the method of attachment and the pointsof attachment to the tractor
are identical,
— any componentss uch asmudguardsand bonnet which may provide
support for the protection structure have identical strength and are
identically situated with respect to the protection structure,
— the critical dimensions and the position of the seat and steering wheel
relative to the protection structure, and the position relative to the
protection structure of the points deemed rigid and taken into consid-
eration for the purpose of verifying that the zone of clearance is
protected, are such that the zone of clearance continues to be
protected by the structure after the latter has undergone the deforma-
tion resulting from the various tests.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 6
▼B
4. MARKINGS
4.1. Every protection structure conforming to the approved type must bear the
following markings:
4.1.1. The trade mark or name;
4.1.2. A component type-approval mark conforming to the model in Annex VII;4.1.3. Serial number of the protection structure;4.1.4. Make and type(s) of tractor(s) for which the protection structure is
intended.
4.2. All these particulars must appear on a small plate.
4.3. These markings must be visible, legible and indelible.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 7
▼B
ANNEX II
PRIOR CONDITIONS FOR THE STRENGTH TESTS LAID DOWN IN
ANNEXESIIIANDIV
1. PREPARATION FOR THE PRELIMINARY TEST
The tractor must be equipped with the protection structure in its safety
position. The tractor must be fitted with tyres having the greatest
diameter indicated by the manufacturer and the smallest cross-section
for tyresof that diameter. The tyresmus t not be liquid-ballas ted and
must be inflated to the pressure recommended for field work.
The rear whells must be set to the narrowest track width; the front wheels
must be set as closely as possible to the same track width. If it is possible
to have two front track settings which differ equally from the narrowest
rear track setting, the wider of these two front track settings must be
selected.
All the tractor's tanks must be filled or the liquids must be replaced by an
equivalent mass in the corresponding position.
2. LATERAL STABILITY TEST
Place the tractor, prepared as specified above, on a horizontal plane so
that the tractor font-axle pivot point or, in the case of an articulated
tractor, the horizontal pivot point between the two axlescan move freely.
Using any appropriate means, such as a jack or a hoist, tilt the part of the
tractor which isrigidly connected to the axle that bearsmore than 50 %
of the tractor's weight, while constantly measuring the angle of inclina-
tion. This angle must be at least 38º at the moment when the tractor is
resting in a state of unstable equilibrium on the wheels touching the
ground.
Perform the test once with the steering wheel turned to full right lock and
once with the steering wheel turned to full left lock.
3. NON-CONTINUOUS ROLLING TEST3.1.General remarks
This test is intended to check whether a structure fitted to the tractor for
the protection of the driver can satisfactorily prevent continuous roll-over
of the tractor in the event of itsoverturning laterally on a s lope with a
gradient of 1 in 1,5.
Evidence of non-continuousrolling can be provided in accordance with
one of the two methodsdes cribed in 3.2 and 3.3 below.
3.2.Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by means of the
overturningtest
The overturning test must be carried out on a test slope at least four
metres long (see Annex V, Figure 1). The surface must be covered with
an 18 cm layer of a material which — measured in accordance with
ASAE Recommendation No R 313, section 1 has a cone penetration
index of A (235 ± 20) or B (335 ± 20).
The tractor is tilted laterally with zero initial speed; for this purpose it is
placed at the start of the test slope in such a way that the wheels on the
downhill side rest on the slope and the tractor's medium plane is parallel
with the contour lines.
After striking the surface of the test slope, the tractor may lift itself from
the surface by pivoting about the upper corner of the protection structure,
but it must not roll over. It must fall back on the side which it first
struck.
3.3.Demonstrationofnon-continuousrollingbehaviourbycalculation
3.3.1. For the purpose of verifying non-continuous rolling behaviour by calcula-
tion, the following characteristic tractor data must be ascertained (see
Figure in Appendix 2):
H 1 (m): Height of centre of gravity.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 8
▼B
L 3 (m): Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and
rear axle.
L 2 (m): Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and
the front axle.
D 3 (m): Height of rear tyres.D 2 (m): Height of front tyres.
H 6 (m): Overall height (point-of-impact height).
L 6 (m): Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and
the leading point of intersection of the protection
structure (to be preceded by a minus sign if this point
liesin front of the plane of the centre of gravity).
B 6 (m): Width of protection structure.H 7 (m): Height of engine bonnet.B 7 (m): Width of engine bonnet.
L 7 (m): Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and
the front corner of the engine bonnet.
H 0 (m): Height of the front-axle pivot point.
S (m): Rear track width.
B 0 (m): Rear tyre width.D 0 (rad): Front-axle swing angle (from zero position to end of
travel).
M (kg): Tractor mass.Q (kgm
2): Moment of inertia about the longitudinal axis
through the centre of gravity.
The sum of the track width S and tyre B 0 must be greater than the width
B 6 of the protection structure.
3.3.2. For the purposes of calculation, the following simplifying assumptions
can be made:
— the stationary tractor overturns on a slope with a 1 in 1,5 gradient
with a balanced front axle, ass oon asthe centre of gravity isverti-
cally above the axisof rotation,
— the axisof rotation isparallel to the tractor'slongitudinal axisand
passes through the centre of the contact surfaces of the downhill front
and rear wheel,
— the tractor doesnot s lide downhill,— impact on the slope is partly elastic, with a coefficient of elasticity of
U = 0,2,
— the depth of penetration into the slope and the deformation of the
protection structure together amount to T = 0,2 m,
— no other componentesof the tractor penetrate into the s lope.
4. CONDITIONS GOVERNING STRENGTH TESTS
The protection structure may only be subjected to the strength tests
described in Annexes III and IV if both of the tests described in sections
2 and 3 of the present Annex have been satisfactorily completed.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 9
▼B
Appendix 1
Flow diagram for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning
tractor withafront,centreorrear-mountedroll-over protectionstructure(ROPS)
Version B1 : Point of impact of ROPS behind longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
Version B2 : Point of impact of ROPS near longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
Version B3 : Point of impact of ROPS in front of longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 10
▼B
Appendix 2
Figuresrelating tonon-continousroll-over
Data required for calculating the overturn of a tractor with triaxial rolling behaviour.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 11
▼B
ANNEX III
CONDITIONS FOR TESTING THE STRENGTH OF PROTECTION
STRUCTURESANDOFTHEIRATTACHMENTTOTRACTORS
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1.Testpurposes
Tests made using special rigs are intended to simulate such loads as are
imposed on a protection structure, when the tractor overturns. These tests,
described in Annex IV, enable observations to be made on the strength of
the protection structure and any brackets attaching it to the tractor and
any parts of the tractor which transmit the test load.
1.2.Testmethods
Tests may be performed in accordance with the dynamic procedure (see
Annexes III A and IV A) or the static procedure (see Annexes III B and
IV B), the choice being left to the manufacturer.
The two methodsare equivalent.
1.3.General rulesgoverningpreparationfortests
1.3.1. The protection structure must conform to the series production specifica-
tions. It must be attached in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommended method to one of the tractorsfor which it isdes igned.
A complete tractor is not required for the static strength test; however,
the protection structure and parts of the tractor to which it is attached
represent an operating installation, hereinafter referred to as ‘the
assembly’.
1.3.2. For both the static test and the dynamic test the tractor as assembled must
be fitted with all series production components which may affect the
strength of the protection structure or which may be necessary for the
strength test.
Componentswhich may create a hazard in the zone of clearance mus t
also be fitted so that they may be examined to see whether the require-
mentsof 3.1 and 3.2 of thisAnnex have been fulfilled.
All componentsof the tractor or the protection s tructure including
weather protection must be supplied or described on drawings.
1.3.3. For the strength test, all panels and detachable non-structural components
must be removed so that they may not contribute to the strengthening of
the protection structure.
1.3.4. Track width
The track width must be adjusted so that the protection structure will as
far as possible not be supported by the tyres during the strength tests. If
these tests are conducted in accordance with the static procedure, it must
be possible to remove the wheels.
1.4.Tractorreference mass
The reference mass mt, used in the formulae (see Annexes IV A and IV
B) to calculate the height of the fall of the pendulum block, the loading
energies and the crushing forces, must be at least that defined in section
2.4 of Annex I to Council Directive 74/150/EEC (i.e., excluding optional
accessories but including coolant, oils, fuel, tools and driver) plus the
protection structure and less 75 kilograms. Not included are optional front
or rear weights, tyre ballast, mounted implements, mounted equipment or
any specialized components.
2. TESTS
2.1.Sequenceoftests
The sequence of tests is as follows, without prejudice to the additional
tests mentioned in sections 1.6 of Annex IV A and 1.6/1.7 of Annex IV
B:
2.1.1. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static test) at the rear of the structure
(see section 1.1 of Annexes IV A and IV B).1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 12
▼B
2.1.2. Rear crushing test (dynamic or static tests) (see section 1.4 of Annexes
IV A and IV B).
2.1.3. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the front of the structure
(see section 1.2 of Annexes IV A and IV B).
2.1.4. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the side of the structure
(see section 1.3 of Annexes IV A and IV B).
2.1.5. Crushing at the front of the structure (dynamic or static tests) (see section
1.5 of AnnexesIV A and IV B).
2.2.General requirements
2.2.1. If, during the test, any part of the restraining equipment breaks or moves,
the test must be restarted.
2.2.2. No repairs or adjustments of the tractor or protection structure may be
carried out during the tests.
2.2.3. The tractor gear box must be in neutral and the brakes off during the
tests.
2.2.4. If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system, between the tractor body
and the wheels, it must be blocked during the tests.
2.2.5. The side chosen for application of the first impact on the rear of the
structure (in the case of dynamic tests) or the first load on the rear of
the structure (in the case of static tests) must be that which, in the opinion
of the testing authorities, will result in the application of the series of
impacts or loads under the most unfavourable conditions for the structure.
The side impact or load and the rear impact or load must be applied on
both sides of the median longitudinal plane of the protection structure.
The front impact or load must be applied on the same side of the median
longitudinal plane of the protection structure as the side impact or load.
2.3.Mesurementtolerances
2.3.1. Linear dimensions: ± 3 mm
except for:
— tyre deflection: ± 1 mm,
— structure deflection during horizontal loadings: ± 1 mm,
— each of the two measurements for the height of fall of the pendulum
block: ± 1 mm
2.3.2. Masses: ± 1 %
2.3.3. Forces: ± 2 %
2.3.4. Angles: ± 2 degrees.
3. ACCEPTANCE CONDITIONS
3.1. A protection structure submitted for EEC component type-approval is
regarded as having satisfied the strength requirements if it fulfils the
following conditions:
3.1.1. After each part-test it must be free from cracks or tears within the
meaning of section 3.1 of Annexes IV A and IV B. If, during one of the
tests, significant cracks or tears appear, an additional test, in accordance
with Annex IV A or Annex IV B must be applied immediately.
3.1.2. During the tests, no part of the protection structure must enter the zone of
clearance asdefined in s ection 2 of AnnexesIV A and IV B.
3.1.3. During the tests no part of the zone of clearance must be outside the
protection of the structure, in accordance with section 3.2 of Annexes
IV A and IV B.
3.1.4. The elastic deflection, measured in accordance with section 3.3 of
Annexes IV and IV B, must be less than 250 mm.
3.2. There must be no accessories presenting a hazard for the driver. There
must be no projecting accessory or part which is liable to injure the
driver should the tractor overturn, or any accessory or part which is liable
to trap him — for example by the leg or the foot — asa res ult of the
deflectionsof the s tructure.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 13
▼B
4. TEST REPORT
4.1. The test report is attached to the EEC component type-approval certifi-
cate referred to in Annex VIII.
The presentation of the report is as shown in Annex VI.
The report must include:
4.1.1. A general description of the protection structure's shape and construction
(normally at least a scale of 1: 20 for the general drawings and 1: 2,5 for
drawing of the attachments). The main dimensions must figure on the
drawings; external dimensions of tractor with protection structure fitted;
main interior dimensions and details of provisions for normal entry and
exit and for escape where appropriate; and details of heating and ventila-
tion system, where appropriate.
4.1.3. A brief description of any interior padding.4.2. The report must identify clearly the tractor type (make, type, trade-name,
etc.) used for testing and the types for which the protection structure is
intended.
4.3. If EEC component type-approval isbeing extended to other tractor types ,
the report must include the exact reference of the report of the original
EEC component type-approval aswell asprecis e indicationsregarding
the requirementslaid down in s ection 3.4 of Annex I.
A.Apparatusandequipmentfordynamictests
1. PENDULUM BLOCK
1.1. A pendulum block must be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from
pivot points not less than six metres above the ground. Means must be
provided for adjusting independently the suspended height of the block
and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes.
1.2. The mass must be 2 000 ± 20 kilograms excluding the mass of the chains
or wire ropes which themselves must not exceed 100 kilograms. The
length of the sides of the impact face must be 680 ± 20 mm (see Figure
4, of Annex V). The block must be filled in such a way that the position
of itscentre of gravity iscons tant and coincideswith the geometrical
centre of the parallelepiped.
1.3. The parallelepiped must be connected to the system which pulls it back-
wards by an instantaneous release mechanism which is so designed and
located as to enable the pendulum block to be released without causing
the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to
the pendulum'splane of os cillation.
2. PENDULUM SUPPORTS
The pendulum pivot points must be rigidly fixed so that their displace-
ment in any direction doesnot exceed 1 % of the height of fall.
3. LASHINGS
3.1. Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary
area for lashing the tractor in all the cases illustrated (see Figures 5, 6,
and 7, Annex V) must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base beneath
the pendulum.
3.2. The tractor must be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round
strand, fibre core, construction 6 × 19 in accordance with ISO 2408 and a
nominal diameter of 13 mm. The metal strands must have an ultimate
tensile strength of 1 770 MPa.
3.3. The central pivot of an articulated tractor must be supported and lashed
down as appropriate for all tests. For the side impact test, the pivot must
also be propped from the side opposite the impact. The front and rear
wheelsneed not be in line if thisfacilitatesthe attachment of the wire
ropesin the appropriate manner.
4. WHEEL PROP AND BEAM
4.1. A softwood beam of 150 mm square must be used as a prop for the
wheels during the impact tests (see Figures 5, 6 and 7, Annex V).
4.2. A softwood beam must be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the
wheel opposite the side impact as shown in Figure 7, Annex V.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 14
▼B
5. PROPS AND LASHINGS FOR ARTICULATED TRACTORS
5.1. Additional props and lashings must be used for articulated tractors. Their
purpose is to ensure that the section of the tractor on which the protection
s tructure isfitted isasrigid asthat of a rigid tractor.
5.2. Additional specific details are given in Annex IV A for the impact and
crushing tests.
6. TYRE PRESSURES AND DEFLECTIONS
6.1. The tractor tyres must not be liquid-ballasted and must be inflated to the
pressures prescribed by the tractor manufacturer for field work.
6.2. The lashings must be tensioned in each particular case that the tyres
undergo a deflection equal to 12 % of the tyre wall height before
tensioning.
7. CRUSHING RIG
A rig as shown in Figure 8, Annex V, must be capable of exerting a
downward force on a protection structure through a rigid beam approxi-
mately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying mechanism by
means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands must be provided so that
the tractor tyresdo not bear the crus hing force.
8. MEASURING APPARATUS
8.1. A device such as that illustrated in Annex V, Figure 9, for measuring the
elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary
deflection and the permanent deflection).
8.2. A device for checking that the protection structure has not entered the
zone of clearance and that the latter hasremained within the s tructure's
protection during the test (see section 3.2 of Annex IV A).
B.Apparatusandequipmentforstatictests
1. STATIC TESTING RIG
1.1. The static testing rig must be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts
or ‘loads’ to be applied to the protection structure.
1.2. Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed
normal to the direction of loading and along a flange having a length of
one of the exact multiplesof 50 between 250 and 700 mm. The s tiff
flange must have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm. The edges of
the flange in contact with the protection structure must be curved with a
maximum radiusof 50 mm.
1.3. The pad must be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the
load direction, in order to be able to follow the angular variationsof the
structure's load-bearing surface as the structure deflects.
1.4. Direction of loading (deviation from horizontal and from vertical):
— at start of test, under zero load: ± 2º
— during test, under load: 10º above and 20º below the horizontal.
These variations must be kept to a minimum.
1.5. The deflection rate must be sufficiently slow (less than 5 mm/s) for the
load at all moments to be considered as ‘static’.
2. APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE ENERGY ABSORBED BY
THE STRUCTURE
2.1. The ‘force versus deflection’ curve must be plotted in order to determine
the energy absorbed by the structure. There is no need to measure the
force and deflection at the point where the load isapplied to the s truc-
ture; however, ‘force’ and ‘deflection’ must be measured simultaneously
and co-linearly.
2.2. The point of origin of deflection measurements must be selected so as to
take account only of the energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the
deflection of certain partsof the tractor. The energy abs orbed by the
deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring must be ignored.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 15
▼B
3. MEANS OF ANCHORING THE TRACTOR TO THE GROUND
3.1. Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary
area for anchoring the tractor in all the cases illustrated must be rigidly
attached to a non-yielding base near the testing rig.
3.2. The tractor must be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates,
wedges, wire ropes, jacks, etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests.
This requirement must be checked during the test, by means of the usual
devicesfor meas uring length.
If the tractor moves, the entire test must be repeated, unless the system
for measuring the deflections taken into account for plotting the ‘force
versus deflection’ curve is connected to the tractor.
4. CRUSHING RIG
4.1. A rig as shown in Figure 8 of Annex V must be capable of exerting a
downward force on a protection structure through a rigid beam approxi-
mately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying mechanism by
means of universal joints. Suitable axle stand must be provided so that
the tractor tyresdo not bear crus hing force.
5. OTHER MEASURING APPARATUS
5.1. A device such as that illustrated in Figure 9 of Annex V, for measuring
the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary
deflection and the permanent deflection).
5.2. A device for checking that the protection structure has not entered the
zone of clearance and that the latter hasremained within the s tructure's
protection during the test (see section 3.2 of Annex IV B).
C.Symbols
mt(kg): tractor reference mass, as defined in section 1.4 of this
Annex.
D(mm): deflection of the structure at the point of impact (dynamic
tests) or at the point of, and in line with, the load application
(static tests).
H(mm): falling height of the pendulum block.
F (N) (Newton): static load force.
Fmax: maximum static load force occurring during loading, (N) with
the exception of the overload.
F′(N): loading force corresponding to E ′i
F-D: force/deflection diagram.
Eis(J) (Joule): energy input to be absorbed during side loading.
Eii(J): energy input to be absorbed during longitudinal loading.
Fv(N): vertical crushing force.
Ei(J): strain energy absorbed. Area under F-D curve (see Figure
10a, Annex V).
E′i(J): strain energy absorbed after additional loading following a
crack or tear (see Figures 10b and 10c, Annex V).
Ea(J): strain energy absorbed at point when load is removed. Area
contained within F-D curve (see Figure 10b, Annex V).
E″i(J): strain energy absorbed in overload test in the event of the
load having been removed before starting this overload test.
Area under F-D curve (see Figure 10c, Annex V).1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 16
▼B
ANNEX IV
TESTPROCEDURES
A.Dynamictests
1. IMPACT AND CRUSHING TESTS
1.1.Impactattherear
1.1.1. The tractor must be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that
the block will strike the protection structure when the impact face of
the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with
the vertical plane equal to mt/100 with a 20º maximum, unless, during
deflection, the protection structure at the point of contact forms a
greater angle to the vertical. In thiscas e the impact face of the block
must be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is
parallel to the protection structure at the point of impact at the
moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes
remaining at the angle defined above.
The suspended height of the block must be adjusted and necessary
steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point
of impact.
The point of impact isthat part of the protection s tructure likely to hit
the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the
upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of the block is one-
sixth of the width of the top of the protection structure inwards from a
vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the
outside extremity of the top of the protection structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling
the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby rein-
forcing the structure.
1.1.2. The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes,
one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 5 of
Annex V. The spacing between the front and rear lashing points
must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30º
with the ground. The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged
that the point of convergence of the two wire ropesislocated in the
vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the block travels.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflec-
tionsgiven in s ection 6.2 of Annex III A.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam must be placed in
front of and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
1.1.3. If the tractor isof the articulated type, the point of articulation mus t
in addition be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square
and firmly lashed to the ground.
1.1.4. The pendulum block must be pulled back so that the height of its
centre of gravity above that at the point of impact isgiven by one of
the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference
mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = 25 + 0,07 mtfor assemblies with a reference mass of less than
2 000 kilograms,
H = 125 + 0,02 mtfor assemblies with a reference mass of more
than 2 000 kilograms.
The block is then released and strikes the protection structure.
1.2.Impactatthefront
1.2.1. The tractor must be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that
the block will strike the protection structure when the impact face of
the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with
the vertical plane equal to mt/100 with a 20º maximum, unless, during
deflection, the protection structure at the point of contact forms a
greater angle to the vertical. In thiscas e theimpact face of the block
must be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is
parallel to the protection structure at the point of impact at the
moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes
remaining at the angle defined above.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 17
▼B
The suspended height of the pendulum block must be adjusted and the
necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about
the point of impact.
The point of impact isthat part of the protection s tructure likely to hit
the ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling
forward, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of
gravity of the weight isone-s ixth of the width of the top of the
protection structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the
median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top
of the protection structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling
the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby rein-
forcing the structure.
1.2.2. The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes,
one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 6 of
Annex V. The spacing between the front and rear lashing points
must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30º
with the ground. The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged
that the point of convergence of the two wire ropesislocated in the
vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum blocks
travels. The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo
the deflectionsgiven in s ection 6.2 of Annex III A. With the wire
ropes tensioned, the wedging beam must be placed behind and tight
against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
1.2.3. If the tractor isof the articulated type, the point of articulation mus t
in addition be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square
and firmly lashed to the ground.
1.2.4. The pendulum block must be pulled back so that the height of its
centre of gravity above that at the point of impact isgiven by one of
the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference
mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = 25 + 0,07 mtfor assemblies with a reference mass of less than
2 000 kilograms,
H = 125 + 0,02 mtfor assemblies with a reference mass of more
than 2 000 kilograms.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protection struc-
ture.
1.3.Impactfromtheside
1.3.1. The tractor must be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that
the block will strike the protection structure when the impact face of
the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes are vertical unless,
during deflection, the protection structure at the point of contact
formsan angle of les sthan 20º to the vertical.
In this case the impact face of the block must be adjusted by means
of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure
at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the
supporting chains or wire ropes remaining vertical on impact.
The suspended height of the pendulum block must be adjusted and
necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about
the point of impact.
The point of impact must be that part of the protection structure likely
to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident.
1.3.2. The tractor wheels on the side which is to receive the impact must be
lashed to the ground by means of wire ropes passing over the corre-
sponding ends of the front and rear axles. The wire ropes must be
tensioned to produce the tyre deflection values given in section 6.2
of Annex III A.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam must be placed on
the ground, pushed tight against the tyres on the side opposite that
which isto receive the impact and then fixed to the ground. It may
be necessary to use two beams or wedges if the outer sides of the
front and rear tyresare not in the s ame vertical plane.
The prop must then be placed as indicated in Figure 7 of Annex V,
against the rim of the most heavily loaded wheel opposite to the point
of impact, pushed firmly against the rim and then fixed at its base.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 18
▼B
The length of the prop must be such that it makes an angle of 30 ± 3º
with the ground when in position against the rim. In addition, its
length must, if possible, be between 20 and 25 times greater than its
thickness and its thickness between two and three times less than its
width. The props must be shaped at both ends as shown in the details
on Figure 7 of Annex V.
1.3.3. If the tractor isof the articulated type, the point of articulation mus t
in addition be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square
and laterally supported by a device similar to the prop pushed against
the rear wheel. The point of articulation must then be lashed firmly to
the ground.
1.3.4. The weight must be pulled back so that the height of its centre of
gravity above that at the point of impact isgiven by one of the
following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference
mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H¼25þ0;20 m t ðÞ /C1BbþB
2Bfor assemblies with a reference
mass of less than 2 000 kilograms,
H¼125þ0;15 m t ðÞ /C1BbþB
2Bfor assemblies with a reference
mass of more than 2 000 kilograms,
where Bbisthe maximum outer width of the protection s tructure, and
B isthe minimum overall width of the tractor.
1.4.Crushingattherear
The beam must be positioned over the rear uppermost structural
member(s) and the resultant of crushing forces must be located in
the tractor'smedian plant.
A force Fv=2 0mtmust be applied.
Where the rear part of the protection structure roof will not sustain
the full crushing force, the force must be applied until the roof is
deflected to coincide with the place joining the upper part of the
protection structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable
of supporting the vehicle's mass when overturned. The force must
then be removed, and the tractor or loading force repositioned so
that the beam isover that point of the protection s tructure which
would then support the tractor when completely overturned.
The force Fvisthen applied. The force isapplied for a minimum of
five seconds following the cessation of any visually detectable deflec-
tion.
1.5.Crushingatthefront
The beam must be positioned across the front uppermost structural
member(s) and the resultant of crushing forces must be located in
the tractor'smedian plane.
A force Fv=2 0mtmust be applied.
Where the front part of the protection structure roof will not sustain
the full crushing force, the force must be applied until the roof is
deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the
protection structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable
of supporting the vehicle's mass when overturned. The force must
then be removed, and the tractor or loading force repositioned so
that the beam isover that point of the protection s tructure which
would then support the tractor when completely overturned.
The force Fvisthen applied. The force isapplied for a minimum of
five seconds following the cessation of any visually detectable deflec-
tion.
1.6.Additionaltests
1.6.1. If cracksor tearswhich cannot be cons idered negligible appear during
an impact test, a second, similar test, but with a height of fall of:
H0¼H
10/C212þ4a
1þ2a
shall be performed immediately after the impact tests causing these
tearsor cracksto appear, ‘a’ being the ratio of the permanent defor-1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 19
▼M1
▼M1
mation to the elastic deformation (a = Dp/De) as measured at the
point of impact.
The additional permanent deformation due to the second impact must
not exceed 30 % of the permanent deformation due to the first
impact.
In order to be able to carry out the additional test, it is necessary to
measure the elastic deformation during all of the impact tests.
1.6.2. If, during a crushing test, significant cracks or tears appear, a second,
similar, crushing test, but with a force equal to 1,2 Fv, shall be
performed immediately after the crushing test which caused thesetearsor cracksto appear.
2. ZONE OF CLEARANCE
2.1. The zone of clearance iss hown in Annex V, Figures2a, 2b, 2c, 2d
and 2e.
The zone of clearance isdefined on the bas isof:
2.1.1. A vertical reference plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and
passing through the seat reference point and the centre of the steering
wheel; this plane must be able to move horizontally with the seat and
steering wheel during impacts but to remain perpendicular to the floor
of the tractor or of the protection structure if this is resiliently
mounted.
2.1.2. A reference line contained in the reference plane, which passes
through the seat reference point and the first point on the steering
wheel rim that it intersects when brought to the horizontal.
2.2. The zone of clearance isbounded by the following planes , the tractor
being on a horizontal surface and, where the steering wheel is adjus-
table, its position adjusted for the middle position for driving.
2.2.1. Two vertical planes250 mm on either s ide of the reference plane,
these vertical planes extending 300 mm upwards from the horizontal
plane passing through the seat reference point and longitudinally at
least 550 mm in front of the vertical plane perpendicular to the refer-
ence plane passing 350 mm in front of the seat reference point.
2.2.2. Two vertical planes200 mm on either s ide of the reference plane,
these vertical planes extending 300 mm upwards from the horizontal
plane passing through the seat reference point and longitudinally from
the surface defined in 2.2.11 to the vertical plane perpendicular to the
reference plane passing 350 mm in front of the seat reference point.
2.2.3. An oblique plane perpendicular to the reference plane, parallel with
and 400 mm above the reference line, extending backwardsto the
point where it interesects the vertical plane which is perpendicular to
the reference plane and which passes through the seat reference point.
2.2.4. An oblique plane, perpendicular to the reference plane and resting on
the top of the seat backrest, which meets the previous plane at its
rearmost edge.
2.2.5. A vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane, passing at least
40 mm forward of the steering wheel and at least 900 mm forward of
the seat reference point.
2.2.6. A curvilinear surface with its axis perpendicular to the reference
plane, having a radiusof 150 mm and meeting the planesdefined in
2.2.3 and 2.2.5 at a tangent.
2.2.7. Two parallel oblique planes passing through the upper edges of the
planesdefined in 2.2.1, with the oblique plane on the s ide where the
impact isapplied no clos er than 100 mm to the reference plane above
the zone of clearance,
2.2.8. A horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point.
2.2.9. Two portionsof the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference
plane passing 350 mm forward of the seat reference point, both these
part planes joining respectively the rearmost limits of the planes
defined in 2.2.1 to the foremost limits of the planes defined in 2.2.2.
2.2.10. Two portions of the horizontal plane passing 300 mm above the seat
reference point, both these part planes joining respectively the upper-1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 20
▼B
▼B
most limits of the vertical planes defined in 2.2.2 to the lowermost
limitsof the oblique planesdefined in 2.2.7.
2.2.11. A curvilinear surface whose generating line is perpendicular to the
reference plane and rests on the back of the seat backrest.
2.3.Seatlocationandseatreference point
2.3.1. Seat reference point
2.3.1.1. The reference point must be established by means of the apparatus
illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b of Annex V. The apparatus consists
of a seat pan board and backrest boards. The lower backrest board is
jointed in the region of the ischium humps (A) and loin (B), the joint
(B) being adjustable in height.
2.3.1.2. The reference point isdefined asthe point in the median longitudinal
plane of the seat where the tangential plane of the lower backrest and
a horizontal plane intersect. This horizontal plane cuts the lower
surface of the seat pan board 150 mm in front of the abovementioned
tangent.
2.3.1.3. The apparatus is positioned on the seat. It is then loaded with a force
of 550 N at a point 50 mm in front of joint (A), and the two partsof
the backrest board lightly pressed tangentially against the backrest.
2.3.1.4. If it is not possible to determine definite tangents to each area of the
backrest (above and below the lumbar region) the following steps
must be taken:
2.3.1.4.1. Where no definite tangent to the lower area is possible, the lower part
of the backrest board is pressed against the backrest vertically.
2.3.1.4.2. Where no definite tangent to the upper area is possible, the joint (B)
is fixed at a height of 230 mm above the lower surface of the seat pan
board, the backrest board being perpendicular to the seat pan board.
Then the two parts of the backrest board are lightly pressed against
the backrest tangentially
2.3.2. Seat position and adjustment for determining the location of the seat
reference point
2.3.2.1. Where the seat position is adjustable, the seat must be adjusted to its
rear uppermost position.
2.3.2.2. Where the inclination of the backrest and seat pan is adjustable, these
must be adjusted so that the reference point is in its rear uppermost
position.
2.3.2.3. Where the seat is equipped with suspension, the latter must be
blocked at mid-travel, unless this is contrary to the instructions clearly
laid down by the seat manufacturer. If such instructions exist, they
must be complied with.
3. MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE
3.1.Fracturesandcracks
After each test all structural members, joints and fastening systems
shall be visually examined for fractures or cracks, any small cracks
in unimportant partsbeing ignored.
Any tearscaus ed by the edgesof the pendulum weight are to be
ignored.
3.2.Zoneofclearance
3.2.1. During each test the protection structure must be examined to see
whether any part of the protection structure has entered a zone of
clearance round the driving seat as defined in section 2 of this Annex.
3.2.2. In addition, the protection structure must be examined to determine
whether any part of the zone of clearance isouts ide the protection of
the structure. For this purpose it is considered to be outside the
protection of the roll-over protection structure if any part of it would
have come in contact with the ground plane if the tractor had over-
turned in the direction from which the impact came. For thispurpos e
the front and rear tyres and track setting are assumed to be the smal-
lest specified by the manufacturer. Moreover, if the tractor is fitted
with a rigid section, a housing or other hard fixtureplaced behind the
driver's seat, this fixture shall be regarded as a protection point, in the
event of sideways or rear overturning. However, the height of this1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 21
▼B
rear structure over the seat reference point must be less than 500 mm
(see Annex V, figure 2 f).
In addition, it must be sufficiently rigid and firmly attached to the
rear of the tractor. This structure mounted on the tractor should with-
stand, without breaking, a load which will be defined six months
before implementation of the Directive, together with any detailed
instructions for the testing to be carried out, under the procedure for
adaptation to technical progress; this load will be applied horizontally
at the point likely to hit the ground first if the tractor up-ends.
3.3.Elasticdeflection
The elastic deflection is measured 900 mm above the reference point,
in the vertical plane passing through the point of impact. For this
measurement, apparatus similar to that illustrated in Figure 9, Annex
V, must be used.
3.4.Permanentdeflection
After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protection
structure is recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, theposition of the main roll-over protection structure members in relation
to the seat reference point must be recorded.
B.Statictests
1. LOADING AND CRUSHING TESTS
1.1.Loadingattherear
1.1.1. The load isapplied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the
tractor'smedian plane.
The load application point isthat part of the roll-over protection
structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning acci-
dent, normally the upper edge. The vertical plane in which the load is
applied islocated at a dis tance of one-third of the external width of
the upper part of the structure from the median plane.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling
the load to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinfor-
cing the structure.
1.1.2. The assembly is lashed to the ground as described in section 3 of
Annex III B.
1.1.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test must
be at least
E
il¼500þ0;5mt:
1.2.Loadingatthefront
1.2.1. The load isapplied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the
tractor'smedian plane and located at a dis tance of one-third of the
external width of the upper part of the structure therefrom.
The load application point isthat part of the roll-over protection
structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturned side-
wayswhile travelling forward, normally the upper edge.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling
the load to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinfor-
cing the structure.
1.2.2. The assembly is lashed to the ground as described in section 3 of
Annex III B.
1.2.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test must
be at least
Eil¼500þ0;5mt:
1.3.Loadingfromtheside
1.3.1. The side loading is applied horizontally, in a vertical plane perpendi-
cular to the tractor'smedian plane.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 22
▼B
The load application point isthat part of the roll-over protection
structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning acci-
dent, normally the upper edge.
1.3.2. The assembly must be lashed to the ground as described in section 3
of Annex III B.
1.3.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test must
be at least
Eis¼1;75 m tBbþB
2B
where Bbisthe maximum external width of the protection s tructure
and B isthe minimum overall width of the tractor.
1.4.Crushingattherear
All provisions identical to those given in section 1.4 of Annex IV A.
1.5.Crushingatthefront
All provisions identical to those given in section 1.5 of Annex IV A.
1.6.Overloadtest (additional test)
1.6.1. An overload test must be carried out in all cases where the force
decreases by more than 3 % during the last 5 % of the deflection
reached when the energy required is absorbed by the structure (see
Figure 10b).
1.6.2. The overload test involves the gradual increase of the horizontal load
by incrementsof 5 % of the initial energy requirement up to a
maximum of 20 % of energy added (see Figure 10c).
1.6.2.1. The overload test is satisfactory if, after each increase by 5, 10, or
15 % in the energy required, the force decreases by less than 3 %
for a 5 % increment and remainsmore than 0,8 Fmax.
1.6.2.2. The overload test is satisfactory if, after the structure has absorbed
20 % of the added energy, the force exceeds0,8 Fmax.
1.6.2.3. Additional cracksor tearsand/or entry into or lack of protection of
the zone of clearance due to elastic deflection are permitted during
the overload test. However, after the removal of the load, the structuremust not enter the zone of clearance, which must be completely
protected.
1.7.Crushingtest
If cracksor tearswhich cannot be cons idered asnegligible appear
during a crushing test, a second, similar crushing, but with a force of
1,2 F
v, must be applied immediately after the crushing test which
caused the cracks or tears to appear.
2. ZONE OF CLEARANCE
Identical to the zone of clearance described in section 2 of Annex IV
A, except that the word ‘impact’ isto be replaced by ‘load’ in the
third line of section 2.2.7.
3. MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE
3.1.Fracturesandcracks
After each test all structural members, joints and attachment systems
must be visually examined for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in
unimportant partsbeing ignored.
3.2.Zoneofclearance
3.2.1. During each test the protection structure must be examined to see
whether any part of the protection structure has entered a zone of
clearance asdefined in s ection 2 above.
3.2.2. In addition, the protection structure must be examined to determine
whether any part of the zone of clearance isouts ide the protection of
the structure. For this purpose it is considered to be outside the
protection of the roll-over protection structure if any part of it would
have come in contact with the ground plane if the tractor had over-
turned in the direction from which the impact came. For thispurpos e
the front and rear tyres and track setting are assumed to be the smal-1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 23
▼B
lest specified by the manufacturer. Moreover, if the tractor is fitted
with a rigid section, a housing or other hard fixture placed behind
the driver's seat, this fixture shall be regarded as a protection point,
in the event of sideways or rear overturning. However, the height of
this rear structure over the seat reference point must be less than
500 mm (see Annex V, Figure 2f).
In addition, it must be sufficiently rigid and firmly attached to the
rear of the tractor. This structure mounted on the tractor should with-
stand, without breaking, a load which will be defined six months
before implementation of the Directive, together with any detailed
instructions for the testing to be carried out, under the procedure for
adaptation to technical progress; this load will be applied horizontally
at the point likely to hit the ground first if the tractor up-ends.
3.3.Elasticdeflection (under side loading)
The elastic deflection is measured 900 mm above the seat reference
point, in the vertical plane in which the load isapplied. For this
measurement, any apparatus similar to that illustrated in Annex V,
Figure 9 may be used.
3.4.Permanentdeflections
After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protection
structure is recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the
position of the main roll-over protection structure members in relation
to the seat reference point must be recorded.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 24
▼B
ANNEX V
FIGURES
Figure 1
Rigfortestinganti-roll propertieson1in1,5gradient
Figure 2a
Zoneofclearance —Cross-sectionthroughthereference plane1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 25
▼B
Figure 2b
Zoneofclearance —SideviewFigure 2c
Zoneofclearance —Rearview
Figure 2d
Zoneofclearance —seenfromaboveFigure 2e
Lowerpartofthezoneofclearance 3/4rear view1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 26
▼B
Figure 2f1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 27
▼B
Figure 3a
Apparatusfordeterminationofseatreference point
Figure 3b
Methodofdeterminingseatreference point1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 28
▼B
Figure 4
Pendulumblockanditssuspendingchainsorwireropes1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 29
▼B
Figure 5
Exampleoftractor lashing—Rearimpact
Figure 6
Exampleoftractor lashing—Frontimpact1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 30
▼B
Figure 7
Exampleoftractor anchorage—Sideimpact1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 31
▼B
Figure 8
Crushingrig
Note:The configuration of the roll-over protection structure shown is solely for the purpose of illus-
tration and for dimensional reference. It does not purport to denote design requirements.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 32
▼B
Figure 9
Exampleofapparatusformeasuringelasticdeflection1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 33
▼B
Figure 10a
Force/Deflection curve
Overload test not necessary1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 34
▼B
Figure 10b
Force/Deflection curve
Overload test necessary1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 35
▼B
Figure 10 c
Force/Deflection curve
Overload test to be continued1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 36
▼B
ANNEX VI
MODEL
REPORT RELATING TO THE EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL TEST OF A
PROTECTION STRUCTURE (FRONT-MOUNTEDBAR) WITH REGARDTO ITS
STRENGTH AS WELL AS TO THE STRENGTH OF ITS ATTACHMENT TO THE
TRACTOR
1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 37
▼B
1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 38
▼B
►(1)M11987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 39
▼B
ANNEX VII
MARKS
The EEC component type-approval mark consists of:
— a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’ followed by the distin-
guishing letter(s) or number of the Member State which has granted the
component type-approval:
1 for Germany,
2 for France,
3 for Italy,
4 for the Netherlands,
6 for Belgium,
9 for Spain,
11 for the United Kingdom,
13 for Luxembourg,
18 for Denmark,
IRL for Ireland,
EL for Greece,
P for Portugal,
12 for Austria,
17 for Finland,
5 for Sweden,
— the EEC component type-approval number which corresponds to the number
of the EEC component type-approval certificate issued with regard to the
strength of the type of protection structure and its attachment to the tractor
placed under and in the vicinity of the retangle,
— the letters V or SV, depending on whether a dynamic (V) or static (SV) test
wasconducted, followed by the number 2, indicating that thisisa protection
structure within the meaning of the Directive.
EXAMPLEOFANEECCOMPONENTTYPE-APPROVALMARK
Legend: The protection structure bearing the EEC component type-approval
mark shown above is a structure of the bar type subjected to adynamic test with two front-mounted uprights intended for a
narrow-track tractor (V2), for which EEC component type-approval
wasgranted in Belgium (e6) under the number 43.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 40
▼A1
▼B
▼B
ANNEX VIII
MODEL EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 41
▼B
ANNEX IX
CONDITIONSFOREECTYPE-APPROVAL
1. The application for EEC type-approval of a tractor with regard to the
strength of a protection structure and the strength of its attachment to the
tractor iss ubmitted by the tractor manufacturer or by hisauthorized repre-
sentative.
2. A tractor representative of the tractor type to be approved, on which a
protection structure and its attachment, duly approved, are mounted, must
be submitted to the technical services responsible for conducting the type-
approval tests.
3. The technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval test
checkswhether the approved type of protection s tructure isintended to be
mounted on the type of tractor for which the type-approval isreques ted. In
particular, it must ascertain that the attachment of the protection structure
corresponds to that which was used when the EEC component type-
approval wasgranted.
4. The holder of the EEC type-approval may ask for its extension for other
types of protection structures.
5. The competent authorities grant such extension on the following conditions:
5.1. The new type of protection structure and its tractor attachment must have
received EEC component type-approval.
5.2. It is designed to be mounted on the type of tractor for which the extension
of the EEC type-approval isreques ted.
5.3. The attachment of the protection structure to the tractor must correspond to
that which wastes ted when EEC component type-approval wasgranted.
6. A certificate, of which a model iss hown in Annex X, isannexed to the
EEC type-approval certificate for each type-approval or type-approval
extension which has been granted or refused.
7. If the application for EEC type-approval for a type of tractor isintroduced
at the same time as the request for EEC component type-approval for a
type of roll-over protection structure intended to be mounted on the type
of tractor for which EEC type-approval isreques ted, the checkslaid down
in 2 and 3 are not applicable.1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 42
▼B
ANNEX X
MODEL
1987L0402 — EN — 01.01.1995 — 002.001 — 43