EntTPOnH TON EYPOnAiKON KOINOTHTON 
Bpo~rA.A.Fr;, 15. 07. 1997 
COM(97) 334 ttA.Lx6 
AEYKO BIBAIO l:XETIKA 
ME TOY:E KAAAOY:E KAI TI:E AP A:ETHPIOTHTE:E 
UOY ESAIPOYNTAI AUOTHN 
OAHrIA rIA TO XPONO EPr A:EIA:E 

AEuxo BtlU..i,o oxEuxa µE 'tou~ xAabou~ xat u~ bQaO'tflQU)'tfl'tE~ mm 
EsCltQOVV'tClt am) 'tflV ob11yta yta 'tO XQ()vo q~yaota~ 
En;Arnru 
MEPOl: ENA: Il:TOPIKO KAI ANAA Yl;H 
H obwia yta 'to XQOVO E:QYaoia; 
To XQOIU.t)pa 
H qrtJOTI XUL Tl f:Kt<.lOTJ tTIS t-:~<1LQEOTIS 
A mo<JJt<toxoA.oiJµrvm 
AQUOt) 0£ XOLVOTLXC) 1:xix1~bo 
MtxtES t:mteorc{:s xm. ,u-:A.{:n:s 
AvaA.1'0t) )((ll astoA.Oyt)Ot) XU'ta xA.abo1'; 
ObtXES µnmpOQES 
l: tblJQobQoµtxES µnacpoQES 
Acrtt1tES µnmpOQES 
Tiot<iµu~s xm Atµvutt::S µnmpOQES 
AEQOTCOQLXES µnmpOQES 
0UACtOOLES µrtmpoe{:s 
0<tA<tOOL<i <:f.ALEL<t 
J\mrct'.:s Ou/...cioou-:s bQ<totT1Qt6tT1t1-:S 
l~t()l,/tf.'\,(l!A.EVOL U:f.tQOl, 
MEPOi; AYO: EIIIAOJ'Ei; 
E:rn>..oyi:; xol..t't1.xl); 
Em.A.oyi1 I: Mr1 C,t-:01u·."t1:Kr't Jl{H>oi'.yy1.0'f) 
Em.J .. oy~ 2: KctO<tQ<'t x.A.<te'>1.xi1 rreooi'.yyurr1 
Emi .. oyi] 3: AtwpOQOJtott)!A.{:v11 rreoo{:yyun1 
EmA.oyi1 4: K<tO<tQ<t OQLt/>vtt<t rreooi'yy1m1 
MEPOl: TPIA: H DOPEIA DPOl: TO MEAAON 
l:YMDEPAl:MATA 
DAPAPTHMA 
2 3 
3 
3 
3 
4 
5 
5 
5 
6 
7 
7 
8 
8 
9 
10 
11 
l l 
12 
13 
14 
15 
I h 
18 
18 
18 
18 
I <J 
I 9 
~() 
21 
21 
23 
25 
1. LX.Ort6c; touc; rtUQ6vroc; AE1mo'\J 
BL(3A.(ou dvm l1 <lVEUQWl1 twv 
x.aA. utEQWV µE86bwv yta t11v 
EsaacpaA.w11 t11c; neoataalac; tllc; 
uydm; x.m tllc; cw<p<iA.FLuc;, 6oov 
w~oQO. to XQ<'>vo FQY<Wlw;, r.cov 
EQYU~oµfv<.JJV mrn d;ttLQO'(JVTCH, F.JtL 
to1J :taQ6vroc;, cm6 n1v ob11ylu yu.t to 
zg6vo EQYctOlCtC; (93/104/EK). 
2. To Arnx.6 BtfIUo <:.atUQtl~Ftm 
<Lit:6 tg(a J.t{~Q11. Lto n{><Ino p.f.voc; 
JtUQOUOL<L~Ftm TO WTOQLX.6 x.m 
F.JtLXHQFLTUL ll uvc'tA.·um1 n1c; Jt<lQO'(J<Hlc; 
x.cm'tonwr1c;. Lto C'>ct'm-'.QO pl'.QOc; 
<J.VWµEQOVtUL m FJTLAoyl-~c;. LtO tQ(to 
p.t\>oc;, 11 ) ·~n:ll:t_)(ntll JT.UQUO{·TFL tu; 
(1.J(()'\l>Hc; n1c; yw. nc; FVl-'.QYFLFc; mrn 
rrgof)A.f.Jta vn c1x.oA.o·uOi1mrnv oxFnx.(1 
p.F to ~i1n1µ.u crnt6, p.F f)cim1 X.<tL tn 
oz6A.La OXFHX.(1 J.lf TO m1g6v Arnx.6 
BLf)A.(o. 
3. To Arnx.6 B1,f3/...l,o x.atagtlatrptE 
µnci aJt6 avm(o11µt.c; bLaf3ouA.t.uaELc; 
µr, wuc; x.m wovi,x.ouc; nalgouc; µE (3aar1 
fVU f'yygucpo t.gyao(ac; tWV 'UJtllQEOLWV 
n1c; Err Lt gorr.i1c;. 
MEPOl: ENA: Il:TOPIKO KAI 
ANAAV:EH 
0 XOtVOrtXO~ X<i{!rt/~ T(J}V 8cµE}..1,(J){)0Jv 
XOlV(J}VlXWV bixa l(J}µar:wv TWV 
C(Jya~oµiV(J}V 
4. 0 X.OL VOTLXOc; XUQtllc; TWV 
8fµfALWbwv XOLVWVLX(JJV btxntcuµcnwv 
1u)V EQYU~Op,fV(JJV JtEQLAap,f-k:tVEL 
bLettal;nc; (Jf oxfo11 µE to XQ<)vo 
Co.c; xm nc; bLax.on:f.c;. 'Etm to 
011~tdo 7 avacpf'.gt.tm on1v n:goo£yyw11 
twv ouv011xwv ooov ncpogci 111 
bLCiQX.Hn xm n1 btrn8far1011 to1J 
ZQ<)VO'U FQYWJ(uc;. To m1p.do 8 
uvwpt\_)FTm OTO hLX<iL(l)pH JT.()'\) {XFL x.c'tOF H!Y' tt/lp.rvot;, yu t rf)hop.w'HHlH 
Hvt'm:u:nm1 wu, rn'1ow. <'t<)HH pn' 
<:.atohoz<;N, FV(l) 010 O'IUlFLO 19 
nvuq>l-:QFTUL ()T,l, x.ciOE EQYU~c'>p.Fvoc; 
JtQErtH VU UJWAUlJEL LX.UVOJtOllltLX.COV 
auv811x.wv JtQOCTtaa(ac; tllc; uyE(ac; xm 
t11c; aacpa/...nac; 10'\J 010 Xcl>QO 
FQYCWtm;. 
H 0611ria yia ro xuovo curauia~ 
5. To < rnp.f)m'1/...lo ·urro·uey< I >V 
d:,l-~hrnoF n1v oh11y(u 93/ I 04/l ·:K 
OXFTLX.<':t p,F OQLOp,{:vn OtOLXFLU n1c; 
OQY<ivw011c; to·u XQ()vo·u r.gyno(w; one; 
23 Noq1f)g(ou 1993. I I oh11y(n 
ficw(~nm om c':tuOuo I 18!\ nit; 
mivOi1x·qc; EK. To c':teOeo crnT<) wrmnL 
<me'> T<t xe<'tn1 p.i'.'A.·q V<t II (lJT( )()(;(')() l'V 
u')win1n1 JT[)( )(JUXIJ ( JTl/V JT[>()(/JUt/UI/ Tl/~ 
xaX1 'T{[>PPmJ~ u)iw~ TOI' xu)eo" 
rpyw1lo.~, yux va neounxrr11am'V Tl/V 
Wl<{JrlAPUX xm TIJV ''YPi<l TfOV 
Pf>Y<X/;,Ofl/VWV ... ". 
6. <) fium:x<)c; <JT()xoc; dvm vu 
F~CWCpctALOTFL 11 JtQOOtUOLCt 1rnv 
FQYU~OflfVCtJV um) TL<; f.JtLJtt(;)OFLc; mrn 
1mogd vu f-xouv OTllV uydcx xm n1v 
nocpciAFLCJ. t<rn<; ll 1JJT.FQf3of..LXCx 
JTC:tQnTFT<XpfVll Fl_)Y<WL<t, 11 UVF.JtUQX ll<; 
nvc'm< rnm1 XUL 1(( <tXctV6VLOT< l 
ne<'mm.<t rey<wLw;. II ()(\qyl.ct 
JTl_)of)/..{JTFL FL<)LX<'>TFl_)<t (<'t.l_)0l_)<t 3 {me; 8) 
• rr.ruLoc)o ·np.q_n'1mw; <tv<'uv rnoqc; 
rA.c'tzwrqc; c')u't0x1·u tc; I I 011vc UTT( I >V 
(l)l_)Cl>V, 
• XQ6vo c)L<tAFLllfH:tto<;, 
XQ6VO<; llflFQljCH<tc; 
'UJtEQf)u( VFL nc; {~~L <hQEt;,, <)nxv o 
FQY<W(uc; 
• fA<izLon1 JtFf)LObo UVClrrU'UOY\c; p,(uc; 
r1µf'.gw; n1v t-t~hOJJl:thu, 
• µFyLCTtr\ rr)boµe:tbLO.LU bt.hQXfLet 
FQy<w(n~ 48 <t)Q<;>V xcnci p.Foo 6go, 
<J'IJ!utF(>LA<tp,l)<tV<)p{v<tJV T<1>V 
'I lJt F Q< I )l_) L( I )V' 
'AO>A·~nio~ni\oJ Aon SnB"(l)d)on 
Siu 1nx Srn3i\(t Siu Srnmnooaic 
n(h:,ni :rd xn~{1qMto Lt JHO;"(nd)OD~Fl 
X>A 131fsJ<1ic '(SLtol1A.l,tQo) Sn1oni\0·3 
0A9ax 01 3ri mB~JBXD ~unn tw9aq 
It (tOJ.CO, · M!Jaodm13ri ACTn Snn19d:>on 
noqfli11fJ (tO"(IHltn lw11r,>d)i>n~3 
Alu mt\ m1 n1 mm> n.o'.lC S13rio1 Sno10 
lw~><JQ lp<1{0A1ox l,tx1qn' 1J1C;}"(~J0<11C 
>I'! I ltxl,t()A(\.O I I 'AO>"("(X) xnJ"(X,>(hon Aln 
'lll'X npi\n AIU n1;\, 'lll'X OAll\>A JX OOJlh) 
·uol,ti\(111.onilt<..,> nA r-1<"1omi Sn1m >A<1J 
'S.-H1<!> 'Ssix11o~J<"1.-nu1. Sn ~nm lw<•>li~>x 
It '\,0'1£9 'A<! )(J 1l Yl A< I >AJ'ri ~)ffJX1Q1J 
A(l>l lw<1n1£1c1:nr Aluo 1nx AoH"1odm1·.-ni 
A<n1 nsrriol AOlO rn1:nJn1~1 13(,tXm 
~nay ·S1:nio1 Sno1 Sno"(~> JO Sn1m>A.o·J 
(lOA90X (lOl S1Jot1no'tJ1q SJ"(ll "("(~rmx 
511 91tn 9A10X 01 mi\ ADl'.lC(lX~oa'.lC 
ng (l011 rnnrll,t1X3A03"(11 rn 
n0Jririnoi\011n nA pricto1m l,1icoo111C'!f 
It 'AO>Afrio~nA.<13 ACln nn"(~><hon 
It mx nJ3A.a It X,>X1Q1J '131£'101£ Sro1£9 
·mAp n.on~J1H c,wx1uy So1A9<1n1C 
1w1 OA':nipx11An 11'9 ,c1n1 I ·o I 
1J13"(~<1JD1J »1D!Jlihy 
.96<> I 11.<>J<1~trLH>N 
fZ Sn 't<1Xsni HJA.ltqo Alu A1wo~ni<1'rnln 
nA m1A1,to"(nx lt"(}rl 1Ul,><1x n.1. ·6 
'A(HcJ)l>l;J AC!>X1AfOA10X 
Mo1 (,t~n1;nl S·:lJMOdnlcw l,t S1;w~>~Jrlcw 
S~lX1AO"("(CW w m1J~J<10 ~ncm Ao.09dn 
· A<!>Alnl z l S<nsl mx 'Sno)"(XK:lOU'.lC 
m1A01fsl<1111f:J 0.01£9 'Sno<!>11C1<JJ1C 511 
53"(9 JO A<!>Alul 1~r1 mx Scrl'sl milnm,>1q 
JO 1X>lAOAH1X'JlfJ l>A ao<JO C\,OfUli 
n,01 ~nimA.<;"(O'.lCn Ao1 mt\ ,,S~,><1orfmA.n 
'10(..,>0'H1J1C I 10 'UK1<"111ic:1 A<ll:H>T'{XK:l<ll>'.lC 
Jru(1~1X1u • 11. "/\(~>J(l> 8t A<nl. 'suJm>A.0:1 
HU x<"1l)'l<..,> up rt\>l>l i oq~J:1 I um k:}r i 
In u1;\, Slt~1rny1<..,> Siu ltJH•)J.lC)<l:nr 
Aln:-z · .. Siu u n >1D)A1 > Sl,txn1 nri( r1 n1 >'11A1 > 
'I< K,>< YJ<JTJJ: S:nh >A1,1.<..,>< H n S1 u >A:}'ri< >~1 >A<J:I t 
Sct01Jx10 Sao10 m1AnoA.IH1oZ 
11~> ' 009 AOl ~rnn... nA9An~ l)D>X 
m1A01f}<l111£':1 S~nnn Si-:WJ"(XK:Hln'.lC 
1() '11A<0<1J1 )lJ A<!>X1ACOA 10X 
AO n 1,1:~p n.-ni 5.-IJA< l)d nino .-ni l,t S1:1m)~Jli1to 
Ssix1A.o"("(' LO :ni 'n11u~nc11uorn1<-? 
J101Cl,1qmo1Co .-rri IHrs1Xo :10 
'1D1A01t-;J0111f,-J .. Sn~r,nrnq s~-J1<?) Su qm> 
S13onxx3am.r 'Ao-n1£11(.:_i · .. So1nril,tXcun 
ctOA3ri13x1m u So1nriltXct1n uom1111a3ic 
Alu.. ' mx ' ... sn1~nA.a·3 ct01~a9m 
a01 Slwlt~i:tn Slnhch.ngoaJJ: twm11.qa3i: 
Alu.. · .. S~ti\mA.naxrn Slu ~t Sn1matti:o_ 
Sin nnX?MW lt J31D'l"(Dd:>on~3 
nA lrni\9An Alu 9m) m1Ao~1a1uxnanz 
1to1C S-nlu91<1luonaq Su .. 
· . .c,w1m> SnJtroA.<1·:J Sct<rn~n Saoaom91q 
So.010 mr:nh,>M> l,t aoA·~nio~n/,cl-1 
'w1 Sn1x1< nnx 'H>X SnJ1mA<1J 
51 WlC\>1 S1 w10 no.-nh,>An lwn10~)1C'n 
Alu 9m> 11nAo~J<11uxnonZ no.E 
Snlu\n<11norn1q 511.. An.oA~>~Jrh>"(10J1! 
Ssno,y ·A<rW><f>llC'l<lnr nrlo~)d:> ~t<JnJ 
XW:} Jo 'nnq~> n11>ln3 Alu rnA. u~1nx)1q 
In ~mn S91xJ 'S13~~nm9 531ac;tx Sn 
53"(9 ~nro S13onxx3anic m1Aoiq1goal! 
xnA.uqo AUlD 'na319x1q13 
·Snmp1111a31c S?x1q13 w Sn1/,uqo 
Su1 A<f)Xan Am1 1,tl.onan1)3 Alu '91DX 
l>J~1"(3Cl'.3 AIU mJ... S13~l)1D1Q S3A?TID131X3 
nA~)~trln11a3ic nJA.uqo H ·g 
·oA·3'rl9~nA.a:-J 
Ao1.o SmonA.<1J Siu SltA.onanooaic 
Sin 1ixan ltx1A~-Ji\ In lt<h.o'.lCn. 
BA~>~J'rir~"( 1>A <>lln.19<11£ OAfrh<1x:-ixAno 
nAJ ·.-nl nAmrf nino SrnonJ...frJ 
Sltl lwcoAnA.c1o It JW;o 101:1 ~coc1i:rri 
lt,ltl,t"( lu ' Slt.oJm p11n1Cy ' ·S·:J1qo~>~J 
:w A<T>Apio~nA.<1':1 A<•n mx n1Xc,tA In 
A<nA·Jrio~ni\<13 A<o1 SnH"(~)d>On Su1 mx 
srn~-JACl Siu mon1ooaic Alll Anoaomn 
ClOll Sn~~nn1q ma-~1 ma31C S3~Slrim<1o 
13Al,>~trh>"(10J1L nJA.ltqo H , L 
·oao on:nl 
n1nx OO(l')l)01J1100XH l)f\l) I S3a(l) 8 9m> o<l·d{~wma~rn mlA~~l)A.aa n~ 
Hlf}<JlC AJQ n1X1,1A lt110A':nl9~nA.<13 10 • 
· A<Oq~ni OQfjJ 
A<!>XOQOll> 11omx 
A<1><1WHH1 S1mxo~)'lQ 
11.-nl r n:JQ1) nrnl,tn • 
I I. I I <1.t_>X u<. it JTl_><'n: w n l oht JY l,w; T.l lS. 
ErU.tQOrt:i)c; yw. T.o XQ<)vo EQYU<J(ctc; 
xt.1.A. 1Jrt:tf. 6A.<rnc; nmc; 01,xovo1uxo'\J<; 
xA.<'th<rnc; xm h(>ct<JtlJ(>L<ln1nc;. To 
LUp~'kn',A.w, rnon'><JO, <m.o<p<'wwr vu. 
t-:!;met:on <>(>Wflt~vm'c; xA.<'1(')( rm; xm 
b(>CJ.OT.lJQL6T.ltT.Ec; um'> T.O m~(){,() 
f.<.fJU(>p.oyi1c; n1c; obr1yluc;. I I UX(>Lf1it<; 
bLUtlJJt<.U<Jll <)oov (l(f>O(><l to Jtf.bLO 
HJ>UQµoyr)c; n1c; oC'>rJYluc; EL vm: "II 
11:ag01Jaa oi51r1ia F<paf)µ<Jt,erm <JP 
d.Aov~ rov~ u'5twnxo·1!~ rj i511µ<5mov~ 
r<>/1d~ bgmn:11gun:1jrwv 
t'~atf)< mµt~vwv nov w:f)c>JT:ogtx< !Jv, 
<Jti5qgoi5goµtx<iJV, obtx<hv, ea.A.am nwv 
11:oui1uwv xm A.tpvaiwv µaa<p<>f><bv 
rq~ Oa) .. a<1au1~ a.Ateia~ xm .Aom<bv 
Oa.Aaaaiwv 6~aarqgwrf/iwv, xaO<iJ~ 
xat rwv aaxovµevwv wrgwv" ( c':t(>OQo 
1 JtUQ. 3 ). 
12. LT.fl 16rt mnoA.oy1,xi1 oxf1jn1 trt<; 
oh11y(u.c; u.vwpt\wTm: "dn, A.dyw TT/~ 
u)top,<>e<pia~ T1/~ reyaaia~, imo~ 
X(>f'UWTd Wl k11<p0011v xwgtor<i pfrea 
<>!}YrlVW<J1/~ TOI' X(>dVot' f:eyaaia~ <Jr 
< >uu 111iw n ,~ n >11ri~ rj «>em 1n1uu >n1n-~ 
n-cr<>~ TOl1 TO/I.la 1-'<f!<1(>/Wy1j~ TIK 
Jr<J.eo11<m~ 0<)11yia~". 
13. En:oflt'.~vcl)c; To 2:up.f)m',A.w 
0FUJQflOF OTL OL FsctL(>foFLc_; O'UVhf.ovtU.L 
(q1wa µF to dboc; n1c; ozFnxi1c; 
FQYO.O(ac; XUL 6zL FsULTLU.c; TUX<)v 
fxnµiJoF<JJV 6n r1 uyr.(o. xm r1 
cwcpaA.t.Lo. 6oov acpoga to zg6vo 
rgyao(ac; JTQOOTut£1JOVtUV EJTO.QXCJJ<; OF 
UUtoUc_; tOUc_; XAa6ouc; XUL 
bgaotY)QLOtyttEc;. 'Eva XOLW) 
zo.guxn1gwnx6 6A.cuv aun)Jv TCJJV 
xA.<'thc1Jv, FXToc; o.Jto T<rnc; 
FLhLXFU()p,FV<rnc; l,(ltl_)O't',c;, dvctL <)TL OL 
Klll_)110L Fl_)yu.t,6p,FVOL dvm 
'lJJTOXQF(JJp,{~vOL t'UJtLX<i Vet Jtfl_)VO'l1JV 
xcmOLo XQ<'>Vo pltXQL<i <m.o TO <JJtL TL 
T<rnc_; (J)c_; ctVOJt<)OJT<WTO pf(>O<; TO>V 
xu.Or1x<wn1>v nrnc;. 
5 14. () T.t_>6Jt()(; Jlf T.OV OJtOLO 
hLU.T.1nt<l>VOvt<H <)Af.c; mrr.i-~c; 01, 
t;smt_>f.<Jnc; Fl_)f lltVf.1'J0tptF h>c; rl;u(,t_>f<Jlt 
oA.(l)v nnv ll>yut,op.fV(l)V < m me. 
xA.<'t<')(ms, t(l)V ftnw11oeci,v xcu. n1~ 
uhdw; urr.<'> i.o rr.F<)i,o rcpue11.oy•'1c. n1~ 
ohlJYLU<;, Ul<.t1>fUI )(,UL <1>TUV c"nno( 
f.XtfA.o'\'v xuOwnxf.c; f.QY<Wi.fc;. I I 
I 0tLT.(>Ort:i1 Orc1>QFL <>n mrr.6 Jt{_)t:.rr.FL vu 
(tJT.OOWIJllVL<JTd,, X<t0<1>c; <)FV ·nm'texn 
<1.VT.LltFL!U:VLX<'>c; A.<'>yoc; yu t. TOV o:rr.o(o 
<l'UTOL OL "p.lJ l<.LV<n'Jp.FVOL Fl_lyctt,tlftFVOL" 
Oct lt(>fJtH vu hW,ZO>l_lL<JT.O'l1JV OF ozi-ntJ 
flf F(>Y<tt.<)p.f.v<nJc; mn' 
Jt(><typ.ctto:rr.mm''v c1vciA.oyu x<dh'1xovtu 
<ff <1A.A.<ruc; xA.cih<ruc;. To XQL n'1t_>w 
Jt(>fJtH vu f,ZH oxf.mt flf n1 <:p'\m11 Tlt~ 
()ec10i:rte"<>r.11tnc; xm ox1, w. Tov oewp.t~ 
nm "xA.<'1<)0'\l11 oi:ov o:rr.o(o 
cm.aaxoA.fl.tm o f.(>Y<tt.<>t1f.voc;. 
15. LTllV JtFl_lLJtt<t><JYJ t<JJV 11A()LJT.(l)V 
OuA.ci<J<JL(JJV h(><WTlt(>LOTitt(JJV" xm 1wv 
11Hfa1<.rn6tJ.f.VClJV L<:tt(><i>v"' lJ UV(l(f>O(><L, 
<JW)JtytQ<J>c; lt Qytt<)>c;, mpO(><l 
"bgaon1g1,6nttfc;11
, f.t<H <DCTtf vu JUJV 
<tVUl<.lJJttH TO Jf(>Oi)Aytp,n TO'\J O(>LOp,<n') 
n1c; ozn1,xi1c; E(>yu.olnc;. 
AUTO<DTU<JX<)A()'{,p,FV()l, 
16. ( )t, <WTO<atct<JXOAO'l1Jp,FVOL c)FV 
xuA.·t'J:rtTovTm cmi) n1v oc\qyl,u 
93/104/EK. I •:vcl> ·q crnto<m.cwzM,:quq 
dvm ouvi1011c; or OQLOpivm1c, 
d;mQ<rt',f1rvouc; xA-<ih<rnc;, rr:.x. m:ou2 
rnp,E(c; tCtJV ohLx<)w p.FTmpog<lw xul. 
t(l)V A.Lp,vn(rnv xu.L rr.otc'lp,Lwv 
flf.tctcpOQ<i>V, X'\ll_)LctQXFL FJtLOll<; XUL OF 
n:oA.A.cn'Jc; <':tA.A.ouc; TOflFL~ JWU 
xuA.un:1ovtm i1hr1 cITT6 n1v oh11ylu, 
Jtugnbr( YfWtoc; zagr1 01ov xA.abo tc1w 
tEXVLxwv xm mxo6oµLxc.Dv tgywv. 
:L1wm<;)c;, rn FJtLXELQytµo. 6n rt afaxiJ 
p.FTctXFLQLOYJ Jtl_)fJTFL vu. FsctxoA.<rnOi10FL 
vu. F<p<tl_l!l<)~FT,( lL OF OQLOplvm l(, 
xA.c'.thmic; <atA<i>c; xm pl>vo r~mr,(u.c; 1ni1 
p.Fy<':tAO'\l JtOOO<JTO'lJ . -T<t)V 
< mtocm.nozoA.m iplvwv hrv pJT.OQFL vc t 
UJtOOTlJQLXOFL. I IO()(thdyp,nto~ xc'tlnJ, 
OTOV cm.<') OLXOVOfUXlJ <'m.m1n1 JTLO 
011µuvn1<.() xA.<iho mrn d;m(>FL tm, nc; 
ofaxF.c; !lFtmpog£c;, m 
9 
01a9mhAm'{Jo1a9im3aqAoX 
01 mx nA.a} J?X1rio90x10 mx 
1,->X1AXJ1 ni ·s~1choa1mq D1A9~.oal.C l,->x1Aa0nJ, 
ni ·~~nom'fla1:m ni 'l)x1riltX mn Sm)aa )l _ 
966 I ltl.C(11ao:a Altw twlt"{9Xnmm H *A.ltu ~ 
. ( < 1 >1 l/KX ><ll >1! 
99 5<19 6Z Sn.o(h~>oA.non:u Jltf'{~J) oq~r-pt 
1,>An lwct"{9M> Allio 1nl/\.oa9mnAn 
nr:1X101.0 ~1frnio11t..-l"{ 01 I I ·miu1a~)anl! 
010 1nl/\.00·1dmAn Snlt1~noltwnaq 
Tnx Snoq9"{x Snoa9romq 
Sno10 A<nA?rio~nA.a3 Mo1 o"{OA()-D 01 3ri 
~)'X113Xo 513Dl,tri11'X3 10 ·n1A.Ltqo /\.Ul 9L'n 
Tnl/\.C,toa1n~3 /\.3Q ClOlC 'Z119rioman/.O"{ 
01<.,>J mA.11 S~oodrourl S·gxr1qo Suo 
10A~nl9~nA.03 rm1c,nlrio1nKJ £ (lOU,1031.'. 
MwXa~mn 'A0'~"{1.C111d 'My>aocbn13·ri 
My>x1qo /\.(l)l OQ'Q"{'X /\.OlD 1Dl/\.O~'QA.a3 
rnac,niri<UD'X3 S' £ 'Sc,uncm 91.CV 
•( ,rn I /\.lllO Sl1.olt"{9XnnlCl> Slt1 (\.01.C)a31.C 
%t 01) n10C,t:rhio1nKJ 9'S Ct0'.LC'J031.C JO 
nn·.-1X<"l~1An n1A.ltqo Alu ~nm 1l>1/\.C,t001n~p 
noic S·ulu91<1l1wrn1q 511 mx Snoq~>"{'X 
Scun Scto"{9 ~-lo TX>l/\.(tO"{OX.m:>lCn 
'wic 'AmA9rfrt0"{0Xom.mo1nn 
Aon mx A<nA?rioAngnn"{1a·.:Jmicw 
'Ao>A~nio~nA.a3 Am1 O"{OA()-D o.t ·s 1 
Saog~"(H 
5,,o,.3r/9oiJ1v~3 Sao:iD hDh"(!JXD»Jt» H 
'H.:lTIOl O'X1/\.f0/\.10'X 
/\.010 mx S~oodm13ri s110 Sn1lt.19A10)1 
Slt.1 St,tx111"{oic Slt.1 t,tA.orianro3 
/\.Ul naodm /\ODO lt01A.A.3ooal! 
ltA~nicoat! "{xo"{o nni ' m13~1attiool!o. 
O)"(~J1fl 9'XiL-JV /\.901>1.C 011> ~>lCtn oA.9"{ 
01 mA. mx 'A<p<1odm1~-rri Aon Snn"{~>mnn 
Siu Slt.o1"{l)(fmn;p Siu AOXl}.()1>'X 
ox11xn111t.-J 01 mx nmimMoAnl/\.n no1 
~<nd.o<!>"£~J;1010 M!>A~>om mhr .. J"{~now> 
01 lHf\91.CCt 5UDJ1t.:l H/\.'9~trh>"{ 
l;A.l!Oo 111.C! l lt 'Snn"{~)ffion Su1 mx SnJ::1A.n 
s1u n1on1ooal! 11 m/\.13 n/\. 13iqal! 
SoX~no o <!>AJ 'S101c,t.01/\.~ l 'l l 
·SlwltA.ttqo 0A90X 01 MtollCC,t"{n'X ctoic 
Sc_l.mimAoAnx Sno/\.Jlh,>1.01rnct Scun ~rnn 
n>l/\.<>11.C(t"{l>'X 1<)A.-nh,t0"{0Xm>1.CrnnmJ 
Noµix1j xai tn1µ/larix1j xaratrram1 
ura Xf!tlrt/ µi).11 
I 9. LlUJ.Fui>(h1xuv m1p.nvux{:.c; 
p.Ftuf)o/.Jc; on1v r.Ovtxi1 vop.oOt-'.O(u uJTl> 
tr)V EYXQW'Y} 1ric; o(')riyLuc;, 10 J 993, xm 
µnee Qt, µETU~OAf.c; mn£c; EXcpQU~OlJV 
Fv ~1?:Qf.l r.u µitQU mm £A.nf\uv tct 
X(?<'.t.n1 µ,f.A ll yw. ntv r<rngµ.oyi1 n1c; 
oh11yLuc; xm Ev plQFL XL vi1onc; rr.g()(; 
r.riv xu.tf'\JO-uv011 n1c; µ,EyuA. 1'JT.Fgr1c; 
FUEALslnc; 6oov nq;ogc'.t. w; guOp.lonc; 
T,()'\J XQOVOU FQyetoLw;, ouxva Of 
ouv6uuoµ6 µE µ,Elwori tou XQOVO'\J 
Fgyaolw;. Mw µFA.ftr) twv voµLxwv 
xm ouµ~anxti'>V Jtf.QLOQWµc;w 6oov 
U.<pOQ6. TO XQ6vo FQYUO(ctc; CTT.l)V 
J ·~1JQ(J)Jt<t°Lxi1 'J ~vw011 fXJtovi1011xr 
rr.e<)mrmu cm() to I ~ueo>m.t°t:x<) 'IbeuµH 
yw. nc; . Luv<h'1xn; !\uirilc..1J<n1c; xm 
J• I -I 
~eY<WLuc;· . 
20. 0 ~)a0µ,6c; <JtOV OJtOLO OL 
F(?YUs6!J.FVOL ithll XCtA'\1JJtTOVt<H C:tJTi> Tll 
yrvLxi1 111 n1 xA.ubLxi1 nbLxi1 vop.oOr.olct 
OXFtLX<'.t. p,F tO X(?<lVO FQY<lOt<l<; 
rwLxLA.A.n rragn rroA.u t6oo µnns1) Ht>V 
xgmwv µEA.wv 600 xm µnas'\J rnw 
xA.abwv. 'OA.n ta XQcitrt µiA.r1 
bla8faouv xcirtma voµ,oOwlu l) ortoln 
JtUQEXH XUJtOLa JtQOCTtaola 6oov 
acpoQa to XQ6vo EQyaalac; ytn 
OQLOµEvEc; XUtllYOQtf<; fQYCt~O~lfVWV. 
A Ev um'.tQXH 6µrnc; rp,cpuvi1c; 
op.owp,OQ(rlu i1 <rnvrxnx6n1tn. LF 
oew11r.vu; JT.Fl_)LJTTf l>onc; wx-t'wL ll yrvLx-r'1 
VO p.o0ro(o. JT.Fl_)l, t< rn X(?<1>V< rn F(?YC wluc; 
OF Ol_)Wplvmic; ('t'I <lA<rnc; tune;) 
x.A.c'.t.houc; xm nc; hec wn1eL<'nlJTrc; m rn 
FsCJ.LQO'\)vtm, FVCJ) OF c'.t.f...f...Fc; 
JTF(?LJTtc;><JFL<; urr.c'.tezmiv FLhLxoi 
vo1uxol xnv<'wFc; mrn r<rnep.<)sovtm 
OTOV XA<'.t.bo. 2:nc; JtFQWO<)tFl_)F<; zchgrc;, 
ll voµoOrnlu OUµrtAlll_)<J>VHCU (1Jt() nc; 
ouA.A.oyLxf.c; ouµf3aoHc;. ~~ot6oo, 
UJTC1QXH voµo8t.ola Ota Jtf.QWOOtEQU 
xQatri µtA.11 nou rtQor3A.fau t.A.axwtfc; 
3 "NoµLXOL xm 011µ~UTL'XOL Jtf.QLOQWµOL 6oov 
mpoea to xeovo EQyaotas oi:riv Euewrta'(xi] 
'Evwori", rto11 brtf.WOLn'ii:rtxr rt.Jto to fQacpdo 
Err:wi]1w>v Ex66orrnv i:rnv Eoeo>mt.'tx<;>v 
Kmvorr1To>v X<U nc; rxi'><'>onc; Peeters 
7 rrretlH)m,c; rn'1m<tc; c't<)rutc; yut i.m1s 
rr.reu H J<'n:q_>< n ic; xA.c'.th< n 'S:.· 
21. Lnc; blcmQayµatt.uouc; µt. to 
EuQum:<:.t"Lx6 Km vo~o'\JA.lo xcmi tl} 
bu'.t.exnn n1c; <'>r-t''TF(?ll<; nv<'tyv(l)m1c;, rt 
I 0nteorri1 c)ro11Ft'm1xr vu uvuA.c'.tr1rt 
JT.Qtl>TOf)OUAtF<; OF OXf.Oll p,F tmic; 
xA.c'.t.h<rnc; xm nc; hecwn1gt6n1trc; mrii 
rsm0m'ivtm cm(> n1v ob11yln. 
I InQc:thrlyp.utoc; x<'tg11, ll etvetxolvwm1 
n1c; I ·:m10oni1c; 010 Eue<1Jrtct"(x() 
Kot vof_)m'JA.w 4 uvmp{.~en tl}v ne60rn11 
n1c; I ~m10orr.i1c; "va avo) • .,d{Jn n~ 
xm:ri).).,11A.1-·~ newTo/-JovAi1-·~ w 
<ft1VTOfJ<Jrt-'eo <)l'V<lT<JV yw TOI'~ 
<)uiq1oum '~ TO/ IF{~ nm' anoxAdovTm 
and w nrNo npae1wy1j~ rt/~ <><)11yia~. 
01, neunaeaaxr11aanx{~ 1-~erm dr~ yw 
n1v npae1wy1j avrrfw Twv 
newn>fi<>l1AU(Jv PXffA<n1VTW <JT<> 
nA<.d<JU) T,(()V X< J/,VUJV XAW)/,}{,((Jl' 
rn1, Tf)( >nu)v yw T<>P~ axrnxo 11~ 
xA<i<'>oo~ (<>noo omiexoov). " 
22. Lto i1rnone60roµo rtQ6ygup,pH 
XOLVClJVLXl1£ hQ<'.t.OlJ£ 1995-97, ll 
ErtltQOJtl) uvmpf.QH on "Ha 
(J'lJV£XUJTOlJV Ol aV!;TJTrJOel~ µc: rov~ 
XOlVWVlXO'lJ~ f:TCll(!OIJ~ xmlrj Ol /1£AFTF~ 
uxrnxri pr ro JUt)~ Oa r--!;m1q10.AwTd 11 
xu.rriAA I/A 11 x<iA mj.J1/ n ov 
<)em 1n1ewnjTwv xm Twv xA<i<)wv JT<>,, 
r~Wf>< n1vna am> TIJV O<)IJyfo yw n1v 
<>f>Y<lVW<JI/ TOP Xf)< JVUI' reyam:a~ ... <lV 
xenmnri, I/ J:'Jure<>JTJj OU. /U--AITIJ<fl'f, w 
rw)1-:x;d1u-·vo V<l 11nof'i<iArt ne< mim--1,~ yw 
n1 m111nA.1/ewm1 TIK 0<)11yia~ ro J'J'J6-
JY97". 
23. Lto 1jJr1<rwpl.t nrn yu:t 10 
~!EOOJtQOOEop,o rtg6y(_)etp,p.u 
XOtVUJVLXYJ£ bQ<'.t.Ol)<; 1995-1997, TO 
EuQ<Dm:t°(xo Km vo~ouA.w fxcpg<isa 
"rrJV PJU8v11ia va JT:a(!OVOUlOEl 1/ 
Em T(!OJT:rj oro £(!X<5µc:vo J'C(!c5y(!aµµa 
£(!yaaia~ UK yw ro 1996, lt:nroµt:f}ci~ 
voµofJrnxe~ J1{>0Ul<lEl~ OX£rtxri µF ... 
-1 SEC'(91) I OS4 Tqc, 7qc; I O\!At.Oll 19<)1 
Tl~ 0<)1/YlP~ no11 <1<f!O[JOl1V ro xe<>vo 
reyaoia~ yw rm,~ uA.<ibo11~ nm' 
1-.·~mem!vua and n1v ob11yia yux ro 
xe<>vo ruyrwia~, uaOrfJ~ um rv/'eyru--~ 
umvwvtum1 <'>w.Adyo11". LTO '\l>i1<pwplt 
t(nJ <JXFUX<':t p,F n1 p,FLWOll X<:tl n1v 
UVUJtQOOUQp.oyr'j TOU XQ(JVO'l! 
rgyuolns;, TO I ~UQt1Jrtct"Cxc) 
Kmvo("~m'1A.w 'X/1.AF<JE n1v ErtLTQO:rtr't ... 
V<L rvOc1l_>l_>'t'JVFl, nrnc; 'X.Ol,V(t)Vl,'X.0'11J<; 
FT<LLl_>O'IJS, V<L Jtl_>o(1m'1v <JF 
hut()01JAF'l)(JH£ (ff F'"VO>JtC J.°Cx<'> 
ml,m-:bo p,f oxom) n1 crt'JVu'4n1 
f.'\JEAL'Xt<.JJV 01Jf,tf)cicm,1JV oxnLxci !lF. n1 
p,fL(JJOl) xm tl)V UVC:t.JtQOOCtQµ,0yi1 nm 
zg6vou EQYU<JLU£, LbLO>£ <Jtous; toµdc; 
JtOU, EJtL tOU JtUQOvtos;, d;mQOUvtm 
O.Jt6 tl)V o6nyl,a yw to XQOVO 
£gyaalas;. 
24. Lto rtg6yQaµµa bgaans; tnc; 
yLa tnv xmvn JtoALnxn µnacpogwv 
1995-2000 y ErtLtQOJtll mwnµavf tl)V 
ng60f.oi1 tl)£ vc1 sExLvilan xA.nfaxfc; 
rtQWto()cmA.l,fc; yw. to XQOVO fQY<Wlnc; 
OF hL<XlfJOQOU£ tQOJt01J£ µ,ftet.qJO(.><J>V 
p.6AL<; XUTU<JtF( FJTU(.>'X.<J>£ <H.t<pl-'.c; to 
c l.JtOTf.AFOpH TO>V 01JSl}ttlOEC.DV p.Fte:ts't'J , ' s ,, TWV XOL VCtJVLX(J)V ftULQ<.tJV. . ~TO 
'4n'1cpwµ<i nm yw. U'\Jt() TO JtQOYQU!l!W 
bQcim1s; to EuQu>rto:Cx6 Km vor·ht'JAlO 
FJUKugrnoF. n1v avciyxr1 1Jrtor)oA.nc; 
voµo8Enxwv rtQOTUCTFtl>V oxEnxa µF 
to XQ6vo FQycwlac; one; µnacpog£c;, 
USlwc; Of toµdc; otmJc; orr.olouc; m 
'X.OL Vu>VL'X.OL ftULQOL bFV XUtfA lJSUV OF. 
ouµcpwvlet. 
25. Lto1Jc; Jtf.VtF. xA.6.bouc; trnv 
p,FtO.<pOl_><JJV xm <JTOV xA.660 tnc; 
Ou).Jwmw; uA.tdw; m mJsr1rr'10Ttc; 
pnus1' to>V xm v(J)vLx<;>v nulg<~>V 
hLF.s<iyovrn.L orn. rrA.uloux. p.txt<J)V 
FJUTQOJT<J)V OF xm VOU'X.(1
) FJT:LJTFho. 
26. I I Emt0om'1 sr'JHJOF (/,Jf,() w; 
µLx t f~c; £Jn t gon £c; vu rragoum6.<J01JV 
xoLvec; rtfQLygacp£c; n1c; ucpwtaµF.vr1c; 
xcm:lotaor1c; 6oov acpoga nc; 
5 Bi-.EJCE COM(95)302 tEALXO 
8 l_>'IJ0p,(,oac;, ytu TO Xl_>(1>VO Fl_>ycw(,w;, 
<mrnc; O'\JYXFXQLpfVO'Uc; xA.<':t<)<nJc;, xn.O(t)S:, 
xm w; <rnon':tonc; Touc;, yL<:t To ml><; 
pn:oum'1v vn c 1.vnrr:t_>om tl_)p.001 o·t',v o t 
Ul_>X{<; l'rl<; 0<\ttyt,U~ (lOOV WjlOl_l<'t TOV 
topfn Fl_>YW Jl,nc;, T< rnc;. 
27. LtLc;, 16 IouvlmJ 1995, OL 
J 4,rr;lTl_><>rtm Flynn xm Kinnock 
m1vuvn'10-rixuv p.r <'l},,ct Tct p.l:A.·11 T(1>v 
rrivn J ux T (I 1v rrr. u uom I >V oT. m 1r; 
xA.c't<)ouc; T(l)V p.rtmpoucl>V. Lt'll 
<HJVF<)Ql<m11 crnn'1 <)L<:trtwt<l><h1xr 
F'IJQ'lJT<:t.Tll <HJp.<pwvln OXFTL'X.<l p.r TO ()T,l 
()r.v urtit(.>XF xnvf:vm; A.6yrn; vu 
Es<UQO't'Jvtm "m p.11 xLvm'1p.rvm" 
EQYct~61u~VOL nrt6 to JtfOLO Fcpam1oyi1c; 
tnc; XOLVOTLxilc; voµo8wLac; YLU to 
xgovo cgynolac; xm 6n O.Jtm tEL tm 
OL6QO<.oon Tll£ 1Jcpw1<1p,fvnc; 
XC:t.T<l<Jt<Wlj£. 
28. 'Ooov mpoQ<':t nc; "A.oLJtf<; 
OuA.c'woLF.<; hQ<WtrtQL<hr1n.c;" xm nn1c; 
"rLhLxr:n<)p,Fv<r1J<; L<:ttQ<rt'Jc;", 11 I ~mTeom'1 
Jr:l_)Of.'.f)r1 OTlfV nvc'tOrm1 TFXJUf(.>Ltt>pi'.VO>V 
p.FAFTCt>V OXFtL'X.Ct p,F nc; uuOp.Lonc; to'IJ 
XQ<)vou FQY< wLuc; rreoxnp.f vm J vn 
JT.Ul_)CWZF0r( 'tJ (Vurq yut n1v nvc'tAIHT'll 
mm uxoA.ouOd <)oov mpoe<i nc; 
hQ<WT'rJQL<)n1TF<; <rnTf:.c;. 
AvaAl!O'I/ xat «stoAoyqqq xara 
x).,abou~ 
29. LtL£ nx6A.ou0Ec; nagnyg<:x.cpouc; 
<:t.VctA 1JOVtm Tn Ftfaxci XUQn'Xtr)QLOtL'Xcl 
xm tu SlltlHH:t.TU mm mpOQO't'JV TrJ 
QU8µwr1 t01J XQ6Vcm FQY<WL<:t.£ OF x60F 
xA.600 xm OQnOtrJQL6n11u, 
ouµrtEQLAUJ!j)uvop.F.vu.>v, FLOLx<i nrn 
mLJtf.bou cmcwx6A.r1or1c; x<n tcov 
<rnsr11r'1orrnv on1v nup,c)hL<:t p.txn'1 
FJT:LTQOJTll ·i1 TO>V <m<'njJF(t)V TO>V 
XOLVWVLX(l)V FTUlQO>V. Tr1c; nvc'1A.·um1s:, 
<rntr'Jc; f:JtFTm, OF x<WF JT.FQlJTt(l)ffrJ, pu:t 
<:tsLOA<1>YllOll TO>V c)uvcnon'11wv 
Ofomm1c;, vop.oOro(uc;, oxrnx<i p.r w 
XQ<)vo F.QY<WLnc;, <Jtov xA.c':tc)o, 
oup.JtFQLAap.j)o.vopJvwv TUX<)v 
qmoh(u.>v mm Ou p.Jtouo1mnv vu 
JTQOX1J'4J01JV cmc) tl)V O.JtAlJ F.JT.f'XtUOr) 
tnc; ohnyLuc; yw. to zg6vo Fgycw(us; 
11:(>0XHp,EVO'U vu xuA.,mpOo'\'v m 
E(>yu?;,6t1Fvm nm uvtlm:mx<m xA.c':th<m. 
30. 01, ob1,x££ µrtu.<.poQf.£ rlvcu, µF 
t1Fyc':tA.r1 ()1,mpO(><':t, () J!fYCt.AlJtf(>Oc; 
xA.<':tboc; mm brv xu.A.1,ntFtcU uJT.<') trtV 
Obf)yLU.. El V<H h11JOXOAO VO. UJt<l(>sOUV 
c1x01,r1ri otmxFtu. 1 ~vTo1nm£, P.xn 
EY..np,ri0d6 6n Ol, b(>CtOTr)(?U)U)tFc; T,(JJV 
obLz<)>V p.nmpoQ<i>V n0omp?~(>01JV 
ouvoA.1,xc'.t. 6,5 FXUtoµt11J(>W, OfoF1,c; 
F(>yuoluc; on1v I~ I·:. Ll)!mvt1,x6c; 
U(>L0p,6c; u1mhv T,(l)V 01:.0FWV F(>Y<Wlnc; 
uvnoTmzFl or u;u1o<m<wzoA.cr1J­
p.{:vuuc;. Y m'i.eznnv nreln<rn 1,2 
rxmo11p:t'J(>Ut Or.<JF.I,(; ruy<wlw; 01ov 
Topht n1c; pr1wpo0c'tc; rmf1nn1>v, 
nruln~rn 2, I rxc nop.p:t'10u t Of.one; 
F(>YWHttc; OTOV Toph t p,FTct<pO(><tc; 
<.pogtlou y1,u A.oynQl<:tOJ!6 cxA.A.ow xm 3 
-3,5 EX.atoµµu0w 8fonc; EQYO.~oµf.vwv 
on£ µnacpogts.c; yLa "lbw A.oyagLc10µ6" 
(X1JQLW£ CTta XllµLXU, ta 
nEtQEA.awnM1, ta yEwQyLxa n:go·Lovta 
blet.tQO(pi)c;, TU HXVLX<l xm OLXOhOJUX<t 
{~(>Yct Xm TO XOVbl_)FpJT.6(>LO/ 
huvqm60w ). 1 ·:vT01'nmi;, JT(>{~n vu 
Oljp,Ft,(J)()F( 6n ()I, f(>Yct~6p,FVOI, one; 
pnmpo(>fc; "yut U~w A.oynuuwpN' 
xuA.1'mrnvTm r'j(·n1 cm() n1v oh11ytn. 
3 I . 01, oh1,xt'.·c; p.nmpo01:.c; d,vcu o 
1wvuhLx<'>c; xA.c'tc)oc; yu t Tov ono(,o 
·1m:c'iuzn ozrnx.-r'1 xm vonx.-r'1 vop.oOro(,c L 
hc)LX<ltFl_)U, OTOV xuvovwpl> 3820/8S 
nuof)A.{.~nm pfywn1 l)!.tFQi1out 
bLctQXHU obi1yrio11£ FVV{n (l)(>(J)V' mm 
µnogd va naguta8£( buo cpogf'.c; Fvt6i; 
~twc; orrmaobivi:otf Ef3boµaba£ OF Io 
t0QF£ (un:6 n1v n:goijn:68wri 6n blvncu 
avnotaOµwnxi1 abna avanaum1c; n1v 
m6µFv11 £f36oµaba), 6LaA.Flt1µatu 
rn11'A6zwtov 45 AfJTT<JW YLU xaOF 
JTF(>LOho obi}y11011c; tf.OOFQ<lµWL (JJ(>(J)V 
xm rtF(>L<'>b01Jc; r1p.F(>i1outi; nv<'mmim1c; 
r, ObtXt'S !.lftU<fJOQ{S Otl}V Eueo>Jt<f1:xi1 'Ev(J)oq: 
Ilnixi'.S tl}S oey<tv(l)CJT}S xm tl}S HfJ<tQ!WYtlS 
trnv XUVOVW!l<l)V Jf,()\) <HflOQOl,lV TO XQ<'wo 
q_>yuoi,m; xcu <K'n'1yrim1c; 
9 {vhFXct rn0cl>V ·a1 orto(n tmo0d vu 
p.nrnOd or {.~vu E/.ix.z1.,010 Fvv{:c t 
cmvcmtcl>V O>l_)<J>V, to nv<;>u.00 tl_)Hc; 
qJ<>l_)r.c; Fvt<'>c; 1um; Ffihop.c'1huc;. 
Y m'tezouv, <' >< nc'>oo, < n11H 1.vnxtc; 
c)1,wpo0tc; p.rTut,'{J T<rn xnvovwp.m'' 
<flJTO't'J X<U Tl)c; oht)yluc; yi,o, TO Xl_)(1>VO 
FQY<wluc;. 01, bunc1!;w; To·" 
xnvovwµ,o'\' 3 820/85 hFV .:xm1v (l)c; 
ot<'>xo touc; pl>vo n1v neootno(u n1c; 
uyduc; xm n1c; nmpciA.nuc; t(l)V 
FQYU~opl~V(l)V, nA.A.c't OTOXF1m1'v rn:lm1c; 
XU(>ttiJc; OTl)V FVU(>p.6vw11 T(l)V 
cmvOr1xcl>v nvTuyc•JVWJW'\J 11nus·,·, 
6A.rnv TO>V nb<t>V FJHXHQl)OfrnV 0()1,)(.(t)V 
p,FTCl<pO(J<t>V x.o,Oci>c; xm OTl) f)FAtLWOl) 
n1c; oc)1,xi1c; <toqltA.rtnc; xm trnv 
ouv011x<l>V reycwl,nc; yrvntc'c 
;\rc)op.l-'vmJ T<rn <'tp.rom1 c)rop.m·, TOil pr 
n1v oc)1,Kr'I cw<pc'tA.nu, o xnvovwp.<'>c; c)rv 
FC p<tl_)!l<'>~FT m p/>vo <JTO'IJt; p,1,(J()( I >T m'Jc; 
ctAAC't X<tl OTO'llc; < WTOCtJT,C wzoA,m'J­
p,FV<rnc; oh-r1yui'Jc;. 
32. ~ioT6oo, <Jtov xuvovwp.6 
3820/85 bFV OQ(~Etm 0 UVWtatoc; 
UQL0µ,6c; (JJQWV yLa 6gaatnQLOtrltEc; 
aA.A.fc; cm6 tnv obi)yriari, 6muc; Jt.x. 
<p6(>to><nt xm FX<p6QtcJJOY), JT()'\) 
pJT.O(>O't'JV vn (l.JlOTFAf.OOUV mnwvnx6 
pf(>O£ T<rn l)p,F(>l)OWU XQ6VO'\J F(>Y<Wlnc; 
TC!JV ohr1y<i>V, ()I, OJTOtF£ 6p.coc; ()FV 
xnA.1'mTovtm cm<'> Tov xuvovwp.<'>. To 
yryov6c; mm) rvc){:zrtm, or oewp.fvrc:; 
m:(>LJTT<i>OFLc;, Vet oht)Yr')OH ni: 
'IJJTFl_>()oA.i,xc't p.ryc'tA,o O'I JVOALX<'> Xl_>(>Vo 
Fl_>Yct<fl,<tc;. )•)urr,A{<>V, IJJT.c'tl_>Z<lllV 
JT<>AA.t'.'.c; F~< tLl_>{on,c; x.m <\nvc m'n-r11rc; 
yw m·umT{l_)(t) F~<Hl_)l:OFU;, <tJT/) TOV 
xnvovwp.<'>. ~~c; FX Tm'nmJ, rn( tm1 
JT<l(>OVToc; wx1muv noA.A.o(, xnvc'wrc:; 
on1v Kmv6n1Tn mrn f.x<rnv uJ~ 
UJtOTFAWµu <HHH1VUX.f£ OTQE()A(J)0H£ 
wu uv1aywvw~wu. Auto oriµa(vn 6n 
otov xA.abo twv ofaxwv µnacpogwv 
(pogtlmJ µnogo1Jv va bnµwugyriOouv 
rtgof3A. i}µanx FQYCHHClX(J)V oxfoFuJv, 
mm rt~ox~ih<mv i)bri oo(1u0f-~s; 
{')t,(1t<l(>UXF£ ooov WfJO(>(X Tf)V 1TUl)()Zll 
'IJJTll(>FOL<JJV p.FtWfJOl_)(tc;, FJtl)l_)l--/:t~OVTctc; 
crqp,civnxc't n1v rA.Fi'iOr011 X'UXA<Hpoe(u 
uyu0<1>V, ·11m10rmc1>V xm cn<)prnv. ( )1, 
<tTf.AHFc; nmr.c; Jt(>t~JtH VU FJ;uf...FHpOm'iv 
<JTctbtctx/1. !ff TllV X<tt<'tAA'rtAll XOlVotlxr'1 
b(>c't<Jlt. 
33. Ot r0yoh('nrs:; ·11n.oun1el,~n11v (ht 
ll xn.A;\)Tf.(>'ll Flpctt_>p,oyr'1 TWV 
lJ<ptotcip,Fvrnv xuv<'W(l)V FL vm 
n0onµ6TFQll (,(Jf,(> TllV Ftoetywyi1 Vf.(JJV 
xuv6vwv, Ewo ot ouvbtxuA.wnx~:c; 
OQYUVWOH£ tOVL~OUV tytV avciyxr1 
x<1A.1npric; tmJ uuv6A.o·u TOlJ X(><)v01' 
FQY<WLet£. Ot 01J~r1Tr'10F.tc; on1 p.txn'1 
mtTgonr'1 FJtuvuA.i1(pOr1xuv ngos; Tn 
T~:A. 11 T<rn 1996, uA.A.<J. bFv <puL vnm vu 
unitl_>X:< rnv UQXF.tf£ xot v{:.c; < m:c)1jwtc; 
p,F.TU~'{) TWV c\{Jo JtAF'lJl_>CJJV. 
34. JI <'>uir:a!;11 yw <mvr1nnj 
1//ll:'!!1J<!Ul awlJ'lm1<!1/ <Jil/V <><'>11yia yu1 
ro xgdvo rgyaaia~ 1mogri va Orwg1J(ki 
o i511oxoA,drruo~ yw 1:-xpagp,<>y1j 
xavdvaf; <JTOVf;' XlVOlJµPVOVf;' 
Egyas6µev011~ 1wv mraaxoA<>t!vuu 
on~ o&xi~ µera<pogi~ p,ey<iA,wv 
o.;roaraaewv. Evrovrcn~, ., 1n<iex< n 1v 
Tjb17 1rag6µote~ &ara;et~ arov 
xavovtoµ6 3820185 xat avrc5 Eivr1t ro 
xaraA,).,17A,6rego µioo yta T1/V 
avnµarbmm1 rov t;.11njµarof; T1/f;' 
17µegrjma~ xat TT/f;' 1:tJb< >/Hu'>wia~ 
o.vrinm1m1f;. Arv <paivn:ru, <!l!VPJTr/J~ 
vr1 VJ'lrl!_)Xf-'l XrlJTOW~ Pt<)txd~ yw TO 
rmyxPXf>l/ll:,vo XAri<)o A<>yof; yw Tov 
onoio 01, A<>tnl~ <'>wni!;n~ TT/~ 0<'>11yi<l~ 
yw iO X!_J<JVO P!JY<l<Jla~ <'>rv Oa nelm-·1, 
V(f. P<[J(l!J/W<J0<>t1v <Jr <JAOl1~ TOP~ 
1:-gyas6/1Evm '~ Too xAfi<'>oo, 
<TtJf1Jr£!}tA<1/1,/lavop/vwv Twv /U/ 
xt vmJµrvwv Pf>yat;,oplvwv xm rwr<iJV 
;um bPV X<lA tJJ[TOVTm and TOV 
xavovwµ6 3820185. Q~ <JV/1JrATJ!.JW/W. 
OF xa8F Yf:'VlXTj b[)(l<f1/ JrOV 
avaA,aµ/3averm 6oov mpoga n1v 
.17~Joaraaia TIK uyFia~ xat TT/~ 
aacpaAE w~ rwv EQyat;,optvwv oxcrtxa 
flE ro xgc5vo E[>yaaia~, 1/ Erurgomj 
JT(!OTifJaat va ngorfi Vft, on~ a[> xi~ 
rov 1998, a11p,avnxi~ T[>ononoujael~ 
<JWV xavovww> 38201??5. Ot 
T(JOJT()JT( nrj<Jrt~ m 'Tl~, /IFT<l!;t! <iAAWV, 
Oa rvrri!;< mv w:r~ <)unri!;rt~ uxatxri flF 
rn piywra TJ!lF!)Tjaw, 1-fk'>o1uu'>wia xm 
<)tm-j-JbO/W<)Ult<J. df>W JTOP JTf>hrt·'/, V<l 
rr0m1v axrnxri I 1r n~ ('>ew 1n1eu >n1rr~ 
<J()1jy11mK xm <fl< >erwmK xw 
10 rx<t J< >eTwm1~ < 1ro vo1 wOrnx< > <n 1on11" r 
Tl/~ KmV<JTl/T<t~ yw TO xe< >vo 
(}()1jy11m1~ <Jn; <><){,XI~~ /11-'T<U(IO[J/~. ('"')(( 
1-'JTU)U (J~OI 'V rJTi<ll/~ V<J. rJTH I lxo I'\' 
<>/1<>t.<>/l''l"tJl<t '''"'" <a11<>[><t ,,,,,~ 
xav< >w·~ xm rt~ <'>tw'>txaai1··~ rA1:yxu "· 
3 5. To 1995, 01n 15 xgc'tnt p.rA.11 n1r; 
J ·:n (lJT,(l<JXOAO't'7VT<tV JtFt_>ITTO'IJ t':vn 
FX<ttop,p:t'Jt_>to Fl_)Y<t~(')p.FV( )t, (TH<; 
mc">11uoc)t_>op.tx{~ p.nwpot_>{~. /\JT.<') p.1,n 
p.rHn1 mm {y1,vr yw A.oynuwop/> nt<; 
E11uwmt"t:x'r'1~ I •J-rt1eorr.'r'1~ om) n1v 
I •J-rtTl_>om'1 (<n'!JtFt_>et < >p.ourr.ovhkt) T{l)V 
J •:vci><JF.(t)V TWV I ·:uyu~opfV(l)V Utt<; 
Mnmpol_>{s; on1v I •:u0wrr.o:t:x1'1 
Kotv6n1Tu7 Jtl_>OX't',rr.TF.t 6n, To 1992, 
To 19% TCJJV ruyu~opfvrnv FQY<isovTuv 
(1)£ ob11yoL it flfAll TOU JT{>OOCt>JttXO't'' 
TO>V TQ{~.V(JJV, TO 31 % rnr; Jt(>OOC.l)JtlX6 
XL v11or1r;/<rUVTitQllOllc; ( uxOocp6QOl, 
n~uHbtxEuµ£vot EQYU~6~.u~vot, 
xA.Etbouxot aA.:Aaywv a£ oi:a8µo'\Jr; 
r'1/xm tfarnnxr.c; YQClp,p,£r;, neoowmx6 
ryx<n<wn'torct>V OTetOp,ci>v, ngoowrr.txl) 
bLetXFLQLOll£ Fp.rr.ognJpHTOXt(.)ct>TLCt>V 
XTA.) xm To 50% <tJTOTFA(Yt'70F 
rr.eournrr. tx(') Art TO'llt_>YL<t<; xm on tOp.m'i. 
36. ')•'.vu Hc)l,X(1l Xnl_)UXT'tjt_>WHX(l 
n rn xA.c'tc)O'I! FL Vctt 11 htnA.rl,rr.ouou qn'1oq 
Ol_)Wplvo>v Fl_>YctOU I >V, Ftc)txc't ons 
uyuonxl-'.c; rr.rutox1\;. 'Etot, 11 i'.'.vtwn1 
n1s; buwn110l,(>n1Tnt; xnOouLsnm cm<') 
Tll ouxv<'n11Tn X'UXArnpOt_)Lct£ TCJ>V 
Tgl-:VC.l>V. Am() pJTOt_)FL V(( nuoxuHOFl 
JtQOf~A. lHWTU UJt<>Aoywp.<rt'J T< rn 
"xQ<>vou ruyuo(m; II OF Ot_)topfws 
JtFQlJttct)Oflc_;. Y miQX<rnv EJTLO'tlS 
JtQO~A iHHlW. 6oov (l(~OQCJ. n1v 
Hpnm1oyr'1 rns; ohr1y(us; OT<rnr; obr1yO't'Js-; 
TQEVOJV p,t.yciAo>V (tJTOOT<'tOFC1JV X<tl OTO 
JtQoornmx6 ouvohdus;. I ~v()} <ruT{-:s; 01, 
7 Kot.V(J)Vl,'X.i'.t; JTTllXl't; Trts xmvr1s rrohnKr'tt; 
!lrt<t<polHi>v: Mr/.Jn1 T(J)V ouv011x(i>v q_>yuoi.ut; 
}{,(.(.I, TO>V XOl,V(J)Vl,X,(t)V 011vOr1xci>v T(J)V 
q~yut,opfv(J)v otm 'S r 1Jt_l(nmf1:xo\1s 
mh-r10oht_l<')p.011t; cm/) tmit; 1 lugucs de VillCk 
X<U Brenda ( >'Hricn 
<\~(lCTtllQL6tr)tFc; XUL OL ouvOi1xrc; 
F{_)yo.ol,uc; YFVLX<'t xnA.1'm:Tovtm nm) 1uu 
OH(>C't ouA.A.oyLx<i>V ( mp~)c'torwv OF 
FOVLX<) FJttJtFho, 11 <1JJ:O'l><J(u 
OJtOLO'UhiptOTF JtA( WJ(ou OF XOL vonxc'l 
m(m:bo Ou hrnuou(_>yd 6A.o xuL 
JtEQLOCTOtEQU JtQO~)A.i}µata, xaOwc; ll 
<tJtOQ1J8µwri XaL 0 nvtcty<1>VWp,oc; w: 
touc; VF.OHOF(>X.Op.fvouc; OTOV xA.c't(')o 
XF(!hl~Ol!V {:c)w,;oc;. 
37. II p,LXTit mLT(_>ortit yut T<nJ~ 
OLbltQObQ6µmJc; XUT~:A.rtsF OF OUJ..l(fJh>Vl<i 
one; 18 LEJttEµf)Q(mJ 1996 oxEnxc't µr 
TO ~)TL OL bLettasEu; TY)c; obriy(,uc; YL<l TO 
Z(!OVO E(!Y<W(uc; O<t rt(!l-'Jtn vu 
F<~ugµ,ooOm'>V or M. .. ouc; T<ruc; 
EQYU~oµ£vouc; nrn xA.<'tbmJ, 
O'\JµJt £-{> 1,A.uµ,f~u vo µ,~:vwv T rnv 
XLVmJµ,FVfJ)V EQYUsoµ£vwv' !1F 
xunJ.U. r1A. r1 UV<illQOOUQµoyi} T<i>V 
IT<J{>EXXA,lOE<1>V. 'Evuc; 6Qoc; n1c; 
O'IJ!H~<1>VLUc; Fl vm vu HfJCJ{>p.OOTO'{JV 
T<rnt6xQovu uvctA.oyEc; butt<'tsn~ xm 
(ff c'tA.A.ouc; xA.abouc; t(l)V !lFt<.HfJ(-)(_><;>V. 
IlrQmtEQW 6goc; dvm vu 
HJJUQp,6~ovtm OL '\Jf{JLOtc'tp,F.VF~ 
OUV0ljXF£ ()OOV WJJO(!c't to z~/>V<.> 
FQyeto(uc; J.tfow n1c; voµ.o()Fo(w;, OF 
6A.ouc; touc; VF.OHOFQXOJ.t~:vo'Uc; -OtoV 
xA.abo nut6. 01, 6gm auto( 
JtQ,OXUJttO'\JV aJtO touc; cpo(3ouc; OTL tet 
f,,t:LrtEhn 1JyELuc; xm <tmpc'tA.nuc; 6oov 
w~ogcJ. TO XQ<)vo FQY< w(uc; rvhl-'XFtm, 
OF ()1,m~OQF.TLXll JTF(>lIT.TW<Jlt, VU 
µH(J)flm)v xuOci>c; o x/..c'thoc; rxtWnm 
OTOV Uvt<ly(l)VL<Jpl>. 
3 8. O xlrMof:" rwv m<">11e< J<'>!}< >p,wv 
<paivam va Eivru PW1f:" xlri<'>Of;" orov 
o;wio Ol lJ([Jl<lTrlflFW'f;" <JIJ/l([JWVlP( 
µaagv TWV XOlVWVlX<VV f'Wlf>WV 
AEtTOVlJymJv txavo1rotr1nxri. ME /Jami 
Tl/ <JV/H[JWVia <JW JrAaimo Tl/f;" /UXT1Jf;" 
PJrl T!}OJrlJf;", r)Pv OJr<l!}XO l'V 
avnxn1irvtxoi A<>yot yw va <mv1xwrri 
11 P!;aief'<n/ <><mv mpoe<i w 
m 'Y'KPX!}tµivo xlri<'>o. hntnAfov, 11 
hJ'rt T[)OJrf/ 8a JraQaXOAov(}f:i OTE:Va Tl( c1'c · E~£At~Etf:" orov xla<)o avn5 /tr ro 
<JXOJrO Va fXrtµ1j<Jrt Tl/V avayXl/ yw Tl/V 
awil 1/1/Jl/ <JVp,JrA 1/QWf.WTlX1Jf;" Pl<'>tx1j( 
6Qda11~ . 
11 39. I ·:v(I> <)rv nvwpt\>nnt 
<J'llYXFXl_)Lpfvn on1v oc'HtYL<t 93/104, () 
"xA.c'tc'>oc;" cnm'>c;, o orr.o(o~ xnA:(Jrr.tn 
rr.tux{c; TO>V OLbllQOb(!Op,1,x<l>V xm TWV 
ObtXCOV µFtetCf>OQCtW, FsaLQEl tUL OJT,6 
T!l_V oh!tYLct YL~t to XQOVO rgyno(uc;. 
I ·,~murum, rmm1c;, or p.ryc't/..o j)n0p<) 
xm um'> tov xnvovwpl> 3820/8) 
(_ntxnx~:c; ·11rr.·11u,r0Lrc; p.nwp< >e<'tc; 
l·Jr.t~)ctt(l)V p.r nxnvn A.ntouuyLnc; to 
UVWTFQO 50 XLALOpftQtt>v), yryov<)c, 
JT<HJ , FVh{~XFT<U VU FJtltQF.<'tOFL Tll'V 
<W<p<lAFL<t t(l)V FJtLj)ut<l>V. ()1, 'IJIT.lll_>FOl,FC, 
n1c; I ·irn(_>om'1c; h.:xnrix< tv 
nvtLrr.Q<HJo>rr.r(rc; n1c; UITP (Union 
International des Transports Publics 
Au~Ovi1c; 'J·:vc1.>or1 Ar1µ.<)0L<1>V 
MFT<l<j>OQ<t>V) mm FXIT.Q00<1)JT,()'l,lO<tV TU 
<:'ll!HIJ{(_>,OVTU to>V ~Wt~X<JlV p.FTWfJOQ<t>V 
l·JTLj,)ctt(J)~, t<t OJTOL<t H vm hL<l<jJOQFttXc't 
<mo FXHVU T<t>V F(>Y<l~op.fV(l)V on~ 
mhr10oc\.~op,1,x{c; it nc; oh1,x{~ 
p.rtmpourc;. Kcm't n1 hutp.()Q<po>o11 
orr.m~1>vhi1m~tr rr.uotc'wn1>V rt 1 ·:mt0om'1 
Oct /..uj1rt ·11rr.mjrq nc; <tvqm,x(rc, tO'IJC,. 
40. IIru,Lmrn 45.000 ruyu~6p.rvm 
cmnoxo/..m!VT<U <JTOV XA<'tc)o T(l)V 
rr.otc'tp.t(l)V xm ALp.vn((l)V p.nwpol_><i>V· 
35.,000 <m<'> cr11tm'1c; dvm p.toO(l)tol,, 
FV(J) ()(, , um'>AotIT.OL FlV<tt p,LXl_)Ol, 
p.nc Hj>< >l_>Hc;, thLOXTlttrc; FV<)~ {--( t)C, 
tl_>L<J>V ~JXmp<i>V. Lllp,FQ<l Urr.<'tl_>XH pHi 
<wJOr1n1 yrv1,xi1 nvob1,xi1 n't011 nrn 
<1QL0p;O'(J t<i>V ' p.LXQ<iw p.Ft<lCJJOQfo>v, 
Fsmnw; n1c; rr.u)/..r1or1c; nrr.6 nc; ~ffy<'tt..Fc; 
F1mQElF~ twv oxcHpwv touc; otou£ 
F.QY<l~op.Fvcrnc; t<rnc;. Ltr)V rr.ruLrr.t(l)<Jll 
t(J)V p.tXQ<i>V p.rtmpoufo>v mrn 
c)u tOl-'touv l-'vn p/>Vo ox<'t<poc;, 01, orr.o(ot 
xm (1JJ:OTFAO'{!V T'tjV IT.AFLOV<'nltTU T!1>V 
µ.,LXQ<hv, p.nmpo~{--(J)v, to ox<'t<poc; nrnc; 
HVCU TOO~) TO µ.FOO FQY<W(uc; touc; 600 
xm t,o p.ovqw orr.,(n t<rnc;. I ·:vrm'nmc;, 
(f\Jf;OL mrn Fl_>Y<L~OVT<H (JT() J>·i1vo 
'UJT, OX H VT< Lt FJT: ( T< rn JT,( t(><'>Vt o c; OF 
bt<~T<tsH£ OXFTLX<l p,F tu; IT.FQL<~bouc; 
uvarr.crnor1c; n1>V rr./.. r1gwpht<1>v, n1 
1nx J\(:)l(\J) J\(YHOl,t1Lt~(\J) /\COl (l~1H.:ni 
\Hion3Xocw 01 :ni 9x113Xo S'3)A(Y)dm19 
91.tn AnxLtwJQoLrrfaanic S~ncm 
S13ol~1lt~(l0 10 ·9xmmoooic oAJTI1)11.C1 
010 Sn1m)t\.a·3 0A90X 01 n1A. Sn1A.Ltqo 
Sin A<!>Xon Ann ltA.miondH ALt10 
Al >Xlt()<!><11AJX1m Sl,rn0<11 m:i 51,nxni Sin 
HlOJH'{lC u10 S1:wl,nltjno <1><1sJ11n<JJ1.C 
'I() ·(J\(llJ\}lio'::p>t\.<"J:1 J\(lll Wl''{~)J\lU> Ctol 
%08 01 cto1!J<l-nc) Sctorh9<_,>:1 ~>X11!0100<11! 
01 rnt\. Ac1.oc,1.Z01 nA 1J1!sJ01! no Sn1ont\.<1J 
0A9<1X 01 mt\ Sn1A.ttqo Sin S1J~~nmq 
10 110 01 ·,ni nx1nZo S·Joo<hni-.:nl 
S~x1a()1!oa3n S11 ;)1t\. ~rnoo11m l,nxnl 
lu.o D)A(Dctnin..n ,-lXlt()X(Ul11f:I 'St 
·oAo<lX 
01 J'd mr.:H,ua(Y).oocw a01r Stwcn1!9x Siu 
S·.:i131.t~Mw S9AD()11.C 511 91.tn 1ox ~Y'f'(n 
lwcoic9x Lt rio:-l99omtXna~1 tu ~mn 0A9ri 
1X9 ~ncm 9X11.C(Y).OOalC 01 )::l()CUll>l.OO<JlC 
nA 01nxA.nAn mAp 'ScnA~nlou:1 
·Sltol'Xl,Hlll) 5J)n1<l<O Sf1f'{01! 
·un1Xmn<_,> nX} c,1.o<lm mx n1Xc,1.J\ In 
':J:,u1od> 5JA~nim<1o ·su1nnA.<1:r AO><_,>~n<1J1! 
A<'l''{l,>A.:i·ri l>1dX<ll)1\' In l)ll>X ltn:ql! 
9w 1. l/'(llX HQN01tn nA mx Snmyhom > 
1JA<1Jn1.C nA 'Sn.o~non1nx pA.0"(01~n 
nA m1)'nmm) 9xmowoa1.C 01 ~my 
·1nmi"(}AA1>1.td 'O"("(l) JO 1l>1J\(!)1J\X)J\(l,0 
AJ<-,> c tol! I.too rn9x Alu AC1.oj1,uoltlt:r 
ct.ol! A<01A9A.rnl1rn J<nionct<_,>Ano 
1l>1J\Ojl)10Ct001>1! 1>)001!00Jl> 
AIU:{ ·c,toX11.C<Y>0001.t (l,()J\':ni~n1.C1 
n.01 Sl10co1.C9x Siu mio:1"(91om> 
Sco SLwoq~mn Siu lwnio~)~Jomt 
IJ.an~1<H> pgcourH.to l>A paomi 
119 1nmaroAA.nAn c,womx 9m> ltQIJ. 1~1X} 
ltQHl.tJ '101l111nanm> mAp A<rHnl}.11.C 
n.oJ\~)ax cw1 1mi01001<1:m 1c > ·1717 
"J\(J))<lll1101J 
SI wo<_,>x~r 11 >X SI wl u11,nAno 'P >X11!0 >00<11! 
''°1 noApioAu~.)'rh>"('Hl:Jmlno 
· 'Saod >l)<_,>J ~ >X'l 1!< 1 H >O<Jl.C 
01!10"(~>1.m. 01 mx 9X11.C(lHJO<J1! 
OJ\3TI~11.C1 )3"(3101.Cl) M}JlClD n01.CJa31! 
%OZ OJ. "fftl Siu l.t"(pi lu~)ax s 1 nw 
J\( I )(J( )dm1:nl J\( I >X1(J( )1.C( )(JJl} S:tH01l >lJ 
'.:n'w 11nA(W"(;)Xmnro 10/\J'ri~)~nA.ih 
ooo ~l r ''°1r,1<1J1! '11~) mu,rrinK!f · £17 
S.:1<"1< >rln rurl 'J-;1x·1<l< rm ><1.-1v ZI 
·llypl lupax n1 vyp .JD 1.:J~1Xm 
V(} XJ}OJ.to 11 nm 1101t(1cJ , w.i 5/wvrfd~w 
5/L.1 513~p1m9 51.lD m.ld'j}DV[} D(} 1101! 
01yw>f/rla._z 01D twn1paJ.t 13ypgow1 nA 
'R66/ 'W.1 5p.1k-J 'W.ld()Jl.OcYJ.t (11t0011J.t.:l 
J J ·5voc,J.} 5~uu.-1 nn,uyoX£mJ.tn 
501t.-nf~ >,?VA0.-1 o 1 Wlt 5UJ>~IJ.1J.tU°Y:.JJ.t 
5·u m;{ nm OD!> 5~1}1tmdnlnD 
5.pt1;{oyym> ,-nJ , wv1 'oooop ~rxu:-JXD 
01 ! )J,fl) 51,H>}Y'X'JC/Ol.Jlt 1.:Jlt:j0.111!.:J IJ}/..UQO 
/J, 'n.iml(LYf/001.t 1:-/JJ,;1(} VA .-W~WOOl!n' 
V() 5v,wnh1.-J 0Ap<1X 01 m;{ lJ}AllQO 
AIUJJ 1XJ;l31t}Yf}OcJJ.t 1 Wlt 51W'1XJJ.t~J/trJ 
5mD(u1arll1 5"<>Q!>UJJJ.t 511.. m/.. 
l1~n1p19 (1xwvf/ /1 mu AV 'Jl.mA 91rw 
W)f ·v:wrl(Lyf/O(JJ.t lJ11Lyf/cl:jW1AlJ 13D:j(} 
l.JA 1dlt:J01t lJ(} ;t~./Q v9rlo1 01t9rl10'X:.:J'XA'1D 
ll.11> 5ao1t9rlo'jVAcl3 5rW.1D 5D}/..l190 
5tu 1tun~p1mq 1tm1 twv1x9J.t:.:J H ·zp 
J\(Y)~JaOd)l)l~nl J\fOaX1lJ J\(l')l maoJ...(U'OX 
Altw ;nomlOnd)J' nA H1.t3al! Sm.ont\03 
noA9<lX n01 l,.tX<1n I! 11v '01 ~nx:-lq<mn 
Al >Anx~J J\'d\' Su9<_,>0A.<1·:i 1 o ~t<_,>nm 
"S66 I cw1 S·9Xclu 5110 Anxlm9xu1<_,> 
S91cm Snnc,t31mlA.nam)1q 10 ·SnJ1U.tqo 
Siu I I 511 3rl Lt01axA.c,w 3D 'Sl.tv0,nl.C'9An 
Sc,wx~1Mw S3a<;> o 1 J\Clo1rngoa1.C 
S·:110'.l!o 10 'lwcn>m>An rnnl.t(l~nllt 
Al{1 J'ri ~)x1iaXo 5B~~nn1q S~x11dOC)dm1<_,> 
·0091.0co 'nX91fr-lI I ·s1nonf...0J oA~)(1Z 
01 , mA. SnJA.Ltqo Siu S13~~nn1q Sn 
~>nxan S?ririnaA. S?X1A'3A. ·30 p90,o"(oxn 
'AmA~no~nJ...a3 Am1 1)aCl3"(1.C Alu 
91ID ·3xl.t91}."(gOll(l O)OllO 01 'SDJA<ncDTIClD 
01Q?XD OJ, "ClOQX)"(X ClOl D1DJD"(l! 
nw Sn11mf...fra 0A9ax 01 mA. OQ31.CJ1t3 
9X1lOJ\10X :JO SDJMDcDTIClD U~(l31Jlt3 
J\Ul ~)1.COXD J'ri SHO(l3UnlA.namnq 
MlOO~.lJ\ 1X3~ l>J\ J\l>0101)rD01.C1> 
S~J<J()(hnrni SJ)l wrh"( mx S:ml~nol! 
Sn mt\ Sl,rnoc1r11.t:1 51,nxni Siu rnoJ1)"(1! 
n10 1oclJnH ''OX1A<'>J\10X 10 · 1 t 
·Sctod)~)XD Ctol ClOJQ1~1Jl OA90X 01 mx 
SLtocml.C'9An oqo1a31.C ~t x11m3axoic0, Alu 
·ari nx113XD S0,orl01A0Anx 3D m113xoic0, 
'So{nricy>at.t·rii am. So1pi 1uAT.:l Aoo9cb3 
'Sn:H1odmBri So<1xni o 110 mA n 
Sn1~mt\0J noJ\~)(1X no1 mx Acn<i1·~ri J\CT;l 
Mprn.n '}·~l>l':ni S~nliu<_,> () ·Saodn,>xo no1 
O.OJ\>1~1>1 OJ\~)(JZ 01 mx 0.01 l,WJ()t\(,1.0 
tt1JV mx.ec1A.A. r1A.ow <m~r1ti1on,1JV oto 
n:A.ctl.ow n1c; Kmvi1c; Aq_>on:o01,xi1c; 
Agxi1c; (JAA) yw tov m:0w0wpl) t(l)V 
JTEQL<>b<JJV Jtti1<n1c; ytu tu JtA'lll_><J>fW,t<t 
n:n1or1c; xnL OnA.c':tp,<rn. 
46. II <JVp<pwvia yw ro dn ot 
<)wrri~Ft~ TTK yrvtx1j~ <><'511yia~ Oa 
JT[>hr:rt Vf1 l'Jlr'XTa0m1v <!TO Jl[><><TWJT/,Xd 
r<)<l<f'<H'~ <1JT<>Tl-·Ari <llJIU1VUX<J fhj/Ul 
neo<>bov. Oaov mp<>[><i TO 1,nni11rvo 
Jlf><HJWJUX<>, TO pdvo OV<JlWJTlX<) 
Jl!jd{JAT//1(1 pr rT/V EJlEXTWJT/ TT/~ 
ofJTJyia~ cvbexam va mpo!Jri n~ 
owra!;Et~ oxcnxa w· n1v 11w~g1jow 
avanavaTJ xm ra bw),.,dppara 
cgyaaia~, av um /IE n~ 6vvardn1re~ 
Jla{_)EXXAiOFWV :ro l' J7!}0/3}..,£;rovrat (1Jl() 
TT/V 0611yia, a ure~ 6£v 8a Jl{_)EJlEl va 
ano&txf}ovv avvnigf3),.,11re~. Q~ 
<JVl'JlAf/gwpa onowab1jnore yevtx1j~ 
<)f>rX<JT/~ no11 aw1),.,ap/-Jrivam yw TT/V 
Jlf>O<JTCl.<Jla TT/~ uyda~ xw TT/~ 
<l<l<f'<iAPW~ TWV Pf>Y<1/;< JfdVWV < J< J< >V 
wpoe<i w xe<>vo rpyaaia~, 11 h'JUT[><>Jllj 
/tFArrri rni<n/~ ru)txf~ ne<mi<Jrt,~, yu1 
A< >y< n ,~ rJTtXElf>TJ<lWXTj~ < u J<f'<iArt" i~, yu i 
fva f'VWiO (J'lt<JT1Jl.U1 Jll·'f>Wf>U!/Wll TOI' 
xgovov nrfJmJ~. 
4 7. () UQL8µ6c; tWV VUUtlXCJJV JTO'\J 
aJmaxoA.ouvnu OF n:A.ol.n un:6 or1!ml.n 
XQan,lw µt-:A.ciw n1c; EE fXTLJHitm 6n 
UVEQXEt<H Of (J1JVOALX<l Jtfl_)LJTO'IJ 
162.000. An6 <rntm'Jc;, m 129.000 
;ri:-:e(nmi (to 80%) dvm un:i1xom t<rn 
XQ<J.wuc; pJA.ouc; um) n1 or1p,n(n t<rn 
orr,o(ou dvm v110A.oyqpfvo to nA.o(o 
XUL Ol 3 3. 000 ~{:vm 'llJTllXOOl, XUQL(l)<; 
wt6 tQL tFc; x<i>l_)fc;. 
48. () noA.).J.c; ci>QF<; FQY<W(n<; on1 
OcJ.A.noon f.Lvcu ut',v110Fc; <rmv6p,Fvo. 
I ~vtm'nmc;, r1 <rtJonnux.nxi1 neoo{~yywr1 
6oov mpOQU TOV JTEQLOQWµ6 tWV 
WQWV aurwv ~tav µ£XQL o~µEga 
b1)axoA.YJ, d;mtl.ac; tou avtaywvwµou 
8 TecnEcon: Me).f-tl} yw. tu 80.)iwow. 
muyyO.µcmJ. otriv El!QWmfrx~ 'Evwori 
13 t(l)V JtAol.wv UJT/) nc; mnwfrc; tl_lt,t(l)V 
x(l)eci>V. I Iec'typ.nn, ll p.FLO>O'll n1c; 
cm:cwx<')A.·qm1c; 010 on'l/...o ·11n/) n1 
O'llfl<lLU Xl_)Cll(tJV p.FA<tlV rqi; I ·:I·: -X<m't 
30% p.Ftns·1'' 1985 xm 1995 
nnot?:A.rnF uvnxdp,r.vo 011p,nvnx-1'1c; 
nvr1ouxl.nc; n)oo yw touc; Hpon:A.wtr.c; 
600 xm yu1 touc; vcrnnxo·(,c; tn 
tFAF'llTCll,H Zl_><'>Vu L l'w TO A<')yo en !T() 
xw, rm·1ln'1 rr.u<'1xruo.t yu t m tyx<'H T p.to 
xA.c't<'~o FXc'HIA<i>O-qxr FV<)Ut<p{'.l_)OV, <JTU 
JTAULOLU n1c; 1uxti1<; f.JtlTQOJtlj<;, vn 
ouvmpOd O'UJUJ>O>VL<:t Otouc; hLFOvdc; 
ogynvwp,o·t'Jc; JTQL v vn 
nvn11FT<t)JTWtm'JV tct f.Vhoxmvonx<i 
sr1ti11un<1. 
49. 2:tn n:A.nl.ma tou ~Lf8vouc; 
NcrnnA.1,nxo't'J 00yavw1wu, to 1995 
F.Ju tfl'JxGr1xr. <nJJUJ><J.>vl,n oxfnxa !lf n1v 
ryx0wr1 n1c; nvnOFtt)Qr1µFvr1c; m'Jµf·kwr1c; 
JTF(_)L TO>V JTQOt'{}JT,<t>V X<lt<'tQtLOllc;, 
motonol,l1m1c; xm F.JTtrr10r1or1c; (STCW) 
OF oz{.m1 p.r nc; FAc'tzwnc; JTFl_)l/>h< me; 
nvc'mcrnm1c; yut trnic; qn'1A.HxFc; rrA.olrnv. 
Allt'tl nuofRi'.'JtFL rA.c'tzwt·q JTl-'l_)LOc)o 
ctvc'mmHn1i; IO (l)l_)<i>v <tvc'1. 
FlXOOltFtQc'tWl_)O, ·n orr,o(n p.JTOl_)FL vn 
buugr.Of.L (ff <)XL JTFl_)W06tfl_)Fc; U.JT6 ()-\')() 
m~g1,6b01Jc;, r1 µ(n nm) nc; on:o(Fc; On 
£xa blagxun touA.axwtov f:st 
ouvaJttwv WQWV, xa8wc; rnl.aric; xm 
Ff3boµnfaal.Fc; JtfQLObouc; UVCat(lUCTYJc; 
touA.cixwtov 70 <JJl_l<i>v. H Erntgom'1 
?~xn ·un:of)(x.A.n oto 2:u11i1ouA.w ml.01uu1 
n:g6taor1 yux n1v tgon:onol.r1or1 n1c; 
oh11yl.nc; 94/58/I ~K oxn1,xci p,r w 
fAUXWtO EJTLJTEbo FXJtalbFUOllS:, T(l)V 
v<rnnx<;>V. II n:06nwr1 crnn'1 ct1n1xr( n; 
hun<lsnc; n1<; m'ip,f)cw11c; nrn 1995 y1,n 
tct STWC <'><mv mpoQ<'t nc; rA.c'tzwnc; 
nr.uu'>h<rn<; uvc!Jt<J:uor1c; yw touc; 
CVt'JAUXFc; Oto X<H<LOtQCJJµc.t XUL to 
p.r1xnvoor.ciow. Auti1 r1 tgononmr1piv11 
ohr1y(u <ru~11tdtm m( t<rn n:ne6vtoc; 
Otn vop,oOrnxc't <)gyuvn rnc; 
I ·:·uQttJmt°(xi1<; Kmv<'>n1tnc; xm one; 18 
louvl.crn 1997 to ouµ(3ouA.w ttov 
UJTOUQYCtJV XUtEA llSf Of XOL Vi} 8frJY] 
OXftLX(l !lf to ~~n1µn <rnt6. 
50. Tov Oxt<)>f)g1,o tern 1996, r1 
;\1,d)vi1c; Ogy<lvo>m1 Egyuol,uc; (;\01·:) 
lt'(}li li:u,><Jrt 'V'.'{( )() :l,1.JJq HI (i(i I) 'l>'!<..!A'l'>'(C-,1 
Ahl 1nx (()(i(i I) l><..!lrfft I Alu mt\ nr1Xm10 
n1 ~rnn ':)~nxJ 'Ui6 I 01 A1_1rn1odm l>'JJ'X'1010 nJ, 
·(,:1:.1 )In trurl ln~><1x ni n'(\> :io) ()lwllY.~>Xmnm 
'j~ixHl>ni rnx )no0~efu) Aco,,nyo )~nlo'1av r, 
1u nl,t J\JQ )I! 1/f70 I /£6 xnJ.Jtqo 
Alu \n.tn ltoJ<lJl >~J It 11\) · Sn1onA.<1J 
0A9ax \)XT'{o~J<1J11n \rnn Sp11n 
10 Ano1,rnn1ooa'.u nA noA'.nlnxoa11 
Slw9aq tufttt "(l)An lt lu~11nfr01ro 
mA )'J 119 An31a1,11oomt '91a.:ni Lt ''Ct1J Alu 
9m> 'SrJocy>AnA.ao S'~x11011nx1qMl.o 10 
·ltwy>a(t! 1 Aluo Soq~>"(X o n~91o(toa1rn 
1w11 S~rhoml 5'J"(JX1011 10 mx l1qo·sJx 
nw l,.tXoi::nhho Mt0Xs1 aou Sp11n 
511,01 mA. S':JT:JltJJ\nD SJxnloAox10 10 
'A<nA}'rlojx>A.oJ ACOJ\'Jli(t~)"(< )Xnnm>o1mJ 
Acn1 S9'rlo1on So1~>knl 
<) J\l>ll\OJ\l)~Jlh>"(1<1J'.li Anxl.t()<1)dn>An 
'urn A<n11,>-rll.t "(~Joo11 A<r><1n9x1qT:J 
A<n1 c,1,3nnJ!'J ·sn1lu9x1ocwx1itJ 
Siu 51,.tXon Siu mx no1 S~nln9<1,:mn1q1 
Siu SltA~'Yloq,Jq 'oq91x Aow S1nonA.0·:1 
OJ\~)(JX 01 ~>oodm n1A.ltqo n<ml,iqrnouo 
Jo Sno1 l,HHOJlAl> Alu Arnn><1rh~~J 
S:n9qoA.c1-J 10 ·1,>x11A1nHw Arn1:JrhsJ1Q 
':\nnn S:nl<y>AA. 1() ·Sao1 S·:nl<!>AA. Sn 
1,>101c1o>X l,rno<1111.C't 1 Altw Arnm~JJ~Jrn<..,> 
1toQl)"(X n.01 l,rnoo11it:1 l,uxni lu.o 
100Jl>B JOX1A<nA10X 0(,tQ 10 TX>)I . £5; 
·sn1.onA-a3 0A90X 01 u1A-SxnA.Ltqo 
Slt1 S133'91D1Q S11.o ltql,l m1A nx9mt 
Scrni9 1010:0 'Acynarntt S'OJ.D'DA.a3§3m 
nJAnXlni01~J lno 10A·:1'ri9~nA.a,,1 
mx 11\l)'th"( ow 1<wni9~nA.<1J 
·X·11 S(l>'.l.L\> 'np11n moo~>"(no 
In :nl nnA,,to"(oXon ,urn 1,>1ano 
I uo A< 11A~nl 0~1 >A.OJ Mn"("(l,> :vri()'H1n 
j\)X11Amil.t.o SlwJm nX<11,>11 A ·xnA.lt<..,>o 
AIU \)ill> 11>11\01'.lil,t"(nX J\J(.,> 10)0110 
'lo 'n>X l)1<l:J1H lu.o A<nu,nlit:n"(l> J\(l>l 
1,><1odm1,nl lu J'rl rnurh) m1A<>NACW 
A< 111< )1£() A< 01 Suln\n<11um ><1<..,> 
'lo ·snp11n Smom)"(l>() Siu 
O(.,>l)"(X 1\01.0 l)10u.o lu.o A<OA~nio~nA.(b 
A<nA:nfr,toA 1x tni S~nio1on S9oxni 
nxu~JXo nXonun 'J\O:J'V'.l.L11L'· I . '•I'• I 
I I I t L ()L L 
':)lu lt"(}li ltu,>ox nw Snp111> Snrnmnno 
')tu o<..,>l)"(X Aow m1M(p)A.<1:J n01r miou,> 
OOO"OLZ nO'.UJfrrn Ao,oX<1l,>11A. 'ZS 
1 >}:11"(1 > 1 YH H H)"(l >(--) VI 
"{UhlV1t~hiV li:unX~JY.·I 
All1 !1 5v,wnh'1:-1 oA~><1X 01mA,1rl 01 
p<Yorlm AOD! J 5-;1rlm<Ykm(!OcY1t 5nmXpy.-1 
S(¥JA()31(! AUO()ILyf/11t.:J VA A~waoud 
VA .:UD(O w:q '!/OV j/11 081 ·01av 
IWVffrl~w tu A'10D(1H1nx1u.:1 vo ILy/rl 
lup<1x VJ. 11!J 51W}1t.:J U':{,11ty:.J !LlfO(h 11t_;/ 
JI ·jfl1 A(YJ~W~J1D"D A(IH1:Jr/011t3Y AOJ1 
[iyof/owi Alu 13A:pfoMJ mx (woo1111:J 
(11xnl l11D 3XIL(}X~1n111.:J 11011 DJM1JdJ1iaD 
Ill 13~J13cYWX [l1t001111.':f H ·jo9op(h: 
(lX11MJri/w J3(}(rJ13rilw 13X'iJ, "/ ~ 
·SnJ.O'OA.fr:J OJ\9ax 01 n1A. SDJ).ltqo '.:Ill 
npX1010 'AmpX1ow M~a3rio11t3"( AUJl 
lwlul,t~(tO coa,~nma;n.c AIU lt01)~j 3rl '1nz 
: lOV Siu 081 ·01an lwn~lrl(to In lt<h91!n 
n~J1)"( no tum> ltmn9ou l I ·Sr)]A.llqo 
lt.onl~)(J'.li rnlo1Ac,t0 'S(l'>A~rlaoA.lw<l~ 
JXll()A~nllw1m Scou9 'n"(9~jo1!n 
no l,rnoa 111£! I It '91ctn lto9g 3 J!'J 
·SnnumJA Siu n~'rl01 Ao10 5'DJDn!.a3 
oAoax 01 rnA. SmimAnZlni Sox110A 1ox 
SoAsni1<1x:1xA.'w , SnA~ , nXa~rnn 
nA Hlt}<l'.li 11\> SltoJlt.-J An.oltA<y>~nin~ 
·l,mm lwn~Jllc,w In Mto.O(~anx1m 
nA lty~·ri lu~>ax rn l},x1A.lunaw In 
mA. \)X11AHrilt.o (t"(O'.li 1nl\J3 119 lwn1nl:;l 
::rrl J\1)!)11\01 10am13 10Z1J\{()J\ lOZ 
10 '3101x3, · Aci>Xon , M,ox1A3ri11 
now~x3 MOl mD?ri '33 Slt1 n1u9Q, 
~>x1arox uw m1At:to1oic01aLtwnoq 
DJOl.CO Dl 1DX 33 Slt1 A<f>"(3ri 
A<f>l'Oax S31'0rilto 91.Cfl DA9riltA.O"(OUJ\ 
rnA p J\~-Jq (tolC r>J<Y'fli rn.o mx 
m11\0~9·r1andu 1 >A 081 ·01on Slw'D~j'Yic,w 
Siu S1:1~~nmq 10 n1qa111ra no 
n.011 S~nl01AnXlni SnA·~· ·:1xluo1ond)O'.lil> 
Sl.tc!tJX.Dl)1Q Siu rnoJn"('.li nw 'SIWJl.C': I 
·(n<..,>~nioq~j:J Alu S:l<J<f> LL mx rn1~-ril.t 
Alu SJ<l'!> o 1) Slwm>m,>An So.oq91c1·:rn 
Snm Xl,>"(J :n J.-J ( nq~ni o<..,>~j:J Alu S:H1< ! > 
ZL mx rn1}rilt Alu 5J<l<!> v I) Sn1onA.<1'J 
A<pO<l) O'Hl9 011 >1<!>1\l> nl\·} UJ-l 'l>JO"(lC 
':JD SnnA.onm>A S(tol uoodro 1\0.00 
'nitng~ol.C 1,11,m lton~jri(,l~ H ·scwa1u13 
Sc,wx1Arol\ 1ox SH01 9uo 3xlt9X(,l1uoAD 
'081 Slum~)lfr,w Siu ltmaxA.? Alt1 Soal.C 
np<lo:u lu ~nnx 'Jxltol,locw"{oxn cum 
l,.tx1A.luno10 11 ·Snnnm>A Siu n~rio1 
Aow S1n.onA.<lJ S·:1<1<o Sn :rri nx1r:1Xo 
(081 ·01<in) lwn~)'ric,u; H}J\ nni J~10K}J\J 
c mctQUL n1n1 xm <>tt Ou 1uweo·t'mnv vu 
{-:z01JV Jt:QoriAHp0EL 'X<,n<iA~ l)AFc; 
rt:UQE1t1tHow;. Km m buo FXOUV 
imof\aAn Amtop,FQtl xdp.Evu µF. nc; 
rt:(?Ot(wnc; nrnc;. ( )t <rnSriti1onc; 
muvuAt1<.p811xuv one; <lQXEc; nm 
tQEXOvtoc; frouc; µE ot6xo tytv 
ml, tEUsll 'XOl vile; 8F.oytc;. 
5../. II h1rtT(><>JT1j rA.nil;.n. <>n <n 
xotvwvtxoi t·Taieot Oa xaraA.1j!;o11v <Jr 
XOlV1j Oi<JT/. h'vWIJWl~, [:'AAPll/JPl 
cmµcpwvia~, Oa µ;roeovoav va 
Jr(!OTafJm!v &ara!;t:t~ t:t&xe~ ~ta wv 
XArlDO yta TO Jrf)O(J(,1JJUXO JrOV 
E(!yril;erm <JT'f/ OaA.rHma,, nov va 
Xf1A 1JJrT01JV n~ T/µtlJ1JOlE~ xm 
t/JbopabUJ.tE~ JU'f)UJb< JV~ r1VrlJrflV<J1/~. 
/:JrtJTA{<JV, ()l r)w.ui!;n~ <JXETlXri /lF TT/V 
<'u)rw 11,rr' anor)oxrvv xca TT/V r,xr:i1n1m1 
11yria~ rrov Ef>ya!;,oµ{vwv TT/ v1!x:a 
<JTT/V 0<">11yia yw rn X[JrJVO Ff>YWJW~ 
xaOriJ( xm ot Fyyurj<JEl~ yw EJTaex1j 
<1V<XJT;W<J1/ X<1l /dyt<JT() aetOpd werhv 
1-pyrwia~ 1-·n1at:w~ Oa pJr:<>em1ml.v V<~ 
1-'<f!<lf>/W<JTOlfV (}[·' dAO TO Jr(>O<J<OJTlX<> 
ro11 xA.ribm' nov Ef>yril;am <JTI/ 
Ori.A.aoaa. Ot JrA~[JFl~ bwni!;Pl~ TT/~ 
Ob'f/yia~ yta TO Xf>dVO t'(>YfWta~ JTf>{JTl-'f, 
va Ecpaeµooro11v <ff' c5A.m1~ r:m1~ 1n1 
XlVOVµEVOV~ E[Jya!;,op,ivov~ fl,£-' 
xaraAA'f/AE~ JrE[JatTE(!W r5wni!;t:t~ yw 
na(!exxAioEt~, Eav X(!t:tri!;,erat .. 
5 5. 0 UQtOp,6c; trnv EQYU~o11t-:vcov 
on1v o.vmxtit O<iAcwoc1 1t1Jw1l vnm 
uv<iAoyu p,F n1v FJwzi1. Ll'Jp.cprnvu p.F 
n1v xuA·1hq_n1 rxtlp.tJ<nl n:ou um'tl_>XFL, 
TO m'JVOAO Tf t>V FQYU~op.i-:vtlJV mrn 
<DTUOXOAO'l'JVt<H <JTOV 'XA<1ho T<t>V 
"Aotmiw 80.A<iomct>V hQaon1Qt0tiJtCJ.>v" 
mnv EE aVEQXFtcn or JT:FQl,n;ou 45.000. 
An:6 aurn1Jc;, m Jt:EQWCT6tEQOL 
uJtcWXOAouvtm <Jf egyuolec; avmx1t1c; 
8(t/.uooac;, Fvw rt:FQl,n;ou 10.000 
fQY<isovtm OF fQyaolec; ~u8ou 
( auµnegLA.aµ~avoµ£v11c; inc; xatabuoric; 
XOQOU), EVW OE moxt.c; mx~iilc; 
UJT:UQXOUV Jt:FQLJIO'lJ 3 '000 (noµ,n mm 
(tJTaoxoAouvtm oF EQYWJ(Ec; 0Fwµ,1,x01'J 
IS rAi'.·yx< n' < Jt< t Fl 1uc 11m t"1:x<'t ·t'Jc)c tt< c < )1. 
X<i1l_>Fc; t'tlS:, )•J•: mrn Klll_)LCtl<; 
h(?<tOtlj{_)LOJtolO'{)yt(lL (JTOV toph1 <rnt<'> 
r(vm to I I B (oto ono(o uvtwtmxd 
m'tvCJ> cm(> to iuwrn n1r; <m:cwx<'>A11m1r; 
otov T.Oflfrt), 11 /\uvl,u, OL K<'nw Xci>QFc; 
xcu r1 I tnHn. 
56. ).:·{1p.qJc11VCt pr n1 p.rHn1 mrn 
ITl_><lY!JHTOJT,01J1<h1xr yut t'l)V 
) •JlUl_)OITl)1 o OXFh<'>V <'>AF<; Ol F{_)Y<WLF<; 
UVOl'Xtl)£ Oc'tAU<JOUc; r)<WLs<>Vtm OF 
i1agfaEc; 12wgnc; hL<iQxnac;. OQwµEvn 
OT.fAFXll xm OQLOpi.voL Hbl'XOL 
rvht-:xnm vu FQY<i~ovr.m 01',iupc1Jvn p.r 
nc; t1p.r0i1mrc; cm:mti1onr; n1r; Ckm1r; 
Fl_>Y<WL<tc; ITUQ<'t p.F rYWl) 'XU00l_)LOp.i-:vo 
0>0<'t0w. I I hu'1.0xnu n1r; ITF(.>L<)hm' 
Otl)V <tVOL'XTl) Oc'tA<WO<l T'l!JT:L'X<'t 
UVfl_>XFTm or c'n'Jo rr-~hoplthrr;, <tA/Jt 
nmxlAAH xc'mwr; <tvc1Aoyn p.r n1 X<i>l_)U 
xm TOV r0yoh<'n11. LTOV topht T(J)V 
r0y<w1,ciw f)·110m'' m:o I I B, oL 0·110p,l,or1,s 
c)oov WjJOl_)<'t n1v ITFl_)LOho Ot'l)V 
uvmxn'1 O<'tAWJO<t yl,vovtcu 01'1p.q1c1>Vn 
p.F Tl)V ITl_)Of-\f .. rm)p.FVI) c)U'tl_)'XFL<l TOI I 
i'.~0you. E<'tv TO reyo uvup.i'.'vrtm V< t 
hLUl_)'Xf.OFL {-·.wr; ITF{_)WtO'U J[fVTF 
F()c)opltc'>rr;, FLV<H rr.LO<tV(> TO (()w 
rr.Ai)Q<tJpH vu rt;uxoAouOi1on vu 
FQYU~ft(U YLCt OAll Tyt bLUQ'XEL<l T,()1) 
f.gyou. 
57. Noµo8rolu, r1 on:ol,u 
<rnµn:A l)Q<J>VFtm ouxvci cm:6 
ouAAoyLx~:c; crnµr_ic'tori,c;, mm va 
IT.FQLFXH rn1JA<1zwtov nc; f·kwi,xf.c; 
facm'.tsnc; OXFTL'X(l !lE nc; CJ>QE<; 
EQyaoluc; i1 nc; EA(1zw1ec; 1IEQL6houc; 
<tv<'m<rn011r; on1v uvmxtil 0(1.A<W0<1. 
·"m't0zr1, on1 /\u.v(c 1., n1v Ito.Hu. xm ns 
K<'ml) Xcl1err;. LTo I I B hrv ·"rr.<'1.L>zFt, 
<J'UY'XF'Xl_)Lpl'vq vop.oOro(u ozrnxc'1 p.F 
w; ci10rc; F(.>Y<t<Jlur;, UAA<'t ~11tr(tm wH') 
X<'tOE FJILXFLQl)Oll VU F'XIT.OVl)OH w; 
rr.0oh1,uygmpl-:c; ump<':t.Awtc; oxFnx<'t p.F 
xc'tOF ryxut<LOTWH) xuOcJ>c; 'XUL !Wt 
rn1lµnori nDv xi,vhuvwv yLa n1v uydu 
xm n1v aocpaAELa 1wv EQya~oµt.vwv 
wuc;. 0 XQ6voc; £Qyaolac; rt:QffiEL va 
1° Coshape Ltd:The Working Hours in "Other 
Work at Sea" in the context of Directive 
91/104/EC 1995 
<TU!JJTF(_>lAll'fJOd t<'>OO on<; 
Jl{.>OhWYl,><t<(;{'.<; (we pc'1AFL< 1c; <lOO xm 
orqv rxttp.r1m1 xtvc'n',vmL 
58. L.1,lt<.p<nvn p,F u1v ?~x.Orn11 
Coshapc (nrn 1995), 11 'UJtFQt1JQW.xi1 
FQYCWlU 6 £we; 16 WQCJ>V n1v Ff)bopl1bn 
( JtfQClV n1c; bc.obFXCl<JJQllc; fl~lFQltotuc; 
f)<tQbtuc;) cwv f.lvcu cwuvi1011c; on1 
Auvl,u. Lttc; K<tHtJ X<i>QFc;, <'nnv ot 
UJtFQCt>QLF<; y( VOVt<lt OTljV UVOLXtll 
()(1AU<JO<l, JtQfJTH vn 'UJtCLQXH 
<.tvtWtnOp,wnxi1 <Lv<'m<m011 xun't n1 
ht<LQXFW tern zgc)vO'n on1v uvotxtit 
()((A<W<J<L. LtO I I B, ll ht<l.{_>XHct tO>V 
UJtFQWQl<J>V Jt()'I! Jtl,>ctypHtOJtoti1Ch1xnv 
on1v n:g<'ts11 rr,ol,xtAF < 1.vcJ.A.oyn p,F n1v 
Ftmgdu xm n1 <'>Q<WtllQL<'>n1tu. Ltt<; 
JtFQW06T.FQF<; Jtf{_>LJttcl><JFlc; <)FV ittnv 
ouvi1011<; ll m1pHvnxi1 ·un:Fgcogw.xi1 
EQYUOLU X<Lt<L tll hUlQXHU 
01JVrj8wp,EV<JJV EQYU(Jl,(JJV xm 
JtEQLOQt~6tav CTF JtEQtJtou 4 WQEc; triv 
E~boµaba, av ZCJ.l, CTE OQWµEvf.c; 
:-TfQl:-THtJCTH;, UVEQXOtav Oto 
bt:-rA.aato. fw to 6teu8uvnx.6 
:-TQOCTWJUXO, UJtf.QWQlE<; trj<; ta1;nc; tctJV 
2 £we; 3 WQWV tl]V fl~lfQU i1tuv 
auvl)8nc; · on1v ltuA.(n tu n:g6n,m1 
f)cigbtac; xm ll 'UJtEQ<t>Qu1xi1 q1ynoL<L 
JTOlXlAUV OF p.Fy<'tAo f)uOµl>. 
59 ;\FV <'>tFs<iynm XOlVWVlX<'>c:; 
<'>t<'tA.oy()(; OF FJT.lJtFho I ~1 ·: OF O:llt<)V tOV 
xA(1.<)o. Ot O'IJVhtXHAt<JTl,X(<; 
Ol,>YUV< i ><JFt<; FJTl( h 1p.m'1v t'll c)tFs<tY< l)yi'1 
<)t<LJT(_>((yp.<ttF'l'!<JF(l)V OF FJTlJTF<)O I •:K, t't, 
uv m1n) f.lvm nMMno, n1v Pxhom1 
Hbtxl)c; obnyi,ac;. Ot ogyuvci>oHc; T<JJV 
f{>yobotwv, um) n1v (1/...A. 11 µ.EQL<l, hFv 
Ft vm btmE8aµ~~vFc; vu A.c'1~ouv µEgoc; 
Of orrotaobl)mnF ~10gcpi1c; XOlVWVlX(l 
bt<iA.oyo xm, nx6~u1, m ~)notxFc; 
ogyavwaac; avacpf.Qouv 6n bEv txouv 
xaµi,a CTXEUXll FVtoA.l). 8EWQOUV 6n ()l, 
gu8µi,aac; Jtou un:(1gzm1v yLn tov 
xA.<J.bo · mngxm'Jv xm 6n hFv umiQXH 
A.fry or; yw n1 O{omm1 xm vonx it<; 
vop.oOro(nr; OF <fUt<'w. 'l·'.vn f)wnx<') 
p.fAttp,<i dvm ll huni1011m1 mu 
JT{_)ot't'JJTmJ f1<iQhwr; tu>V 2X 12 rnQ<i>v 
X 14 ll!ll-~QFr; xm o ·nnoA.oywp/)r; mu 
Zl,><)vou Fl,>Y<W(<1r; or rn'1ow f)<'w11. 
16 60. II r11x<>v ne<>r<w11 JT[>1:nn. vu 
1-'JTt.T[>l"t/J1··1, n1 011v/xu n1 n ov 
<fP<JTl/fUlTWV /><i[><)w~ mm /)wra;,ovrm 
ar 2 fl<ie<'>1,r~ x I 2 'iJer~ x 14 1111llw~ xm 
Va avayvweiart l>l/TffJ~ TO <)trf)v1j xm 
PJT:OXWX<) X<1l><1XT1Jl><1 TWV Jr:VOT'tJJTWV 
Peyaaia~ ro11 xA.rM011, emrpenovra~ 
TOV vnoA.oywpd rrov werbv r:eyaaia~ 
ar a1jma /ki<lt/. 11 eriypau, Ta ne<>n 1JT(f, 
reyaaia~ Tf OV 1·pyal;,opiVWV ffl'TUJV 
dvat, <Jr 11.ryriA.o f)aOfU>, awiA.oya /IF 
rxdva r:wv "xtvm111rvwv" 
reyal;.< ~I 1./vwv <!Tl~ I ffTWfi< >er:~. 
<)n)o11.rvm1 c>n. rpy<il;.ovrm rxnk 
h)[><1~. 2,'11vrmr·J~, fh1 1T[WJ1-.r1. ,,;l 
<1VU/IFTWJT.i/) JVUU JT.<1l>< Jf U JU 1 /tr 
< 111T< JI 1~ T< JI'~ 1-'[>Y< !/;,< >/I/Ve JI'(. 
Fu)txdr:rea, < >[>t<1/1./w~ <)ew1n1l)/,( }n1n:-~ 
Oa /IJToem1<mv va xaA.11<p0m1v /IF 
<1V<lAOYI"'~ [>'110/U:<Jn,~ /IF 1-'Xl"'lW'( JTOll 
ngordvovrm yw rt~ Oa).,rimnr( 
w:rmpog1~~. . 
61 . . I I F1;ULQF0ll ncpogci T,()'\) 
11FlbtX.f.'1J6p,FVO'\Jc; LUtQO'lJ£11
• rFVlX.c't, Ot<l 
XQ<ltll pi.All, ll f.VVOW, tern 
II ~ ' 'II FlulXFUOp,FVO'\) ungou JTFQLPXFl ()·\)() 
Oll!W.VtlX<l Z,0.Q((XtllQWtlX<i: Ol 
rv<'>t<t<pru<'>prvm Pxmiv oA.oxA.·ne<i>on 
tll f)<WLX't'I (JTl,>OJTt'llXl<tXll) l<ttl_)lXl.I 
xc nc'tl,>ttffq xm n:vortotpl1tovtcu, ytn 
to nv< tyV(l)l_)Wp.i'.-vo UV< I lTFl,>O IHT l_)l.Xt\ 
n:tuz(o. I I c)t<'1.exr1u rqc; JT.f'l_)l/>c)rn 1 
x<m'tgnm1c; n:mxi,A.A.Ft. <m<> zcl>en or 
X<i>QU, FV<i> hrv dvm mHpf.r;, or 
OQWp.f.vu XQcXtll pf A. 11, m)tF A. rlYH r1 
n:eg(o()oc; crntiJ. Ot 11 p.r1 EtfaxEu6 µ.Evm" 
tntgoi, xnA.1mtovtm Fl; ogw110u urr<l 
tllV OfolYl<~ ytu to XQ<lVO EQYUOtUr;,, µF 
n1v mtcpuA.nl;11 Tll£ FUEAll;Let£ mrn 
JTQOr3A~~FTUl OtrjV ObrjyLet ()rr,(l)r; 
nvmpF.QFTm on1v n:ng(iygmpo 8 
<lVCtJtfQ<J>. 
62. I ·:xnp/nw, t'nt 1Jm'1.vzo11v rrc'tvrn 
nm) 270.000 vfot voooxoµ.rwxo(, 
l<LTl,>OL (m rn qm(JTTOl!V XOVh(_>LX/t OT ljV 
{vvou1 ,T<r>v 11FL<'>tXF'1Jt'>p.rvrnv L<tTl_)<l>v") 
or oA.oxA.·rieri rqv I ·:F. I ·:vim'1rmt;, 
ozFh<)v Ol p.wo( C .ITT.<'l n.rn:m'Jc; 
')l>LOXOvt<lL OT.11 J'Ft_>fHlVlU,, (>Jtun WX'lJFL 
i1<'>11 F0VLXll vop,oOF.<J(ct. 
63. Yni1l>XF qupnvrc; nu<'lf1A.t1fAH 
6oov uqx>l><i n1v xmlwtmn1 
<DtCWXOAllOllc; tCJJV HhLXFU6p,F.V<JJV 
wt~d>V. LF OQWp.Fvrc; X<;>l>rc;, 
F.JAJr:lJtt01)V OF Ft<'>tx<') Xct0FOTCt><;, Ot<1 
JtAC1lOUJ, tO'U OJtOLO'" <'>FV d vm u{JtF 
uutocmuoxoA.01'Jp.Fvm xcu p.wOonoL 
o'\JtE µa8n1rn6p,Fvm. EvtO'IJtmc;, 
1J01EQU MO Jtf(>at tf(>(J) bLfQfUVljOlJ, 
q:;a( VEtm on Otl) µEy6A, ll JtAfWVOtl)ta 
nov xweow 8FwQo1'vtm "p,w8c1JtoL'' 
yw. tmJc; oxorto'\Jc; t<rn Fgyunxm'J 
bt'X.CtlO'\J. 
64. 'Evn nhtx.6 zagaxtngwnw) 
n1c; on:uoxM\.11m1c; twv nfaxrn6p.Fvwv 
w.tQc;>v ncpoQ<'1. n1v "m1,cp1JA.uxi)". I I 
p.rA.i'.-n1 JTOU nuuyp.cttoJtOli)Ol)'X.F YLCI. Tl)V 
Lm 1{)0Jtl) to I 994 11, {hrt~F <'nt to 
xuOi1xov n1c; "rnt<puA.<1.xi1c;" nmxlA.A.rt 
m1pnvnxci otn. btc1tpoQU xg<'n11 pl.A. 11. 
LF OQWf.lFVFc; X<)>QEc; cm6 T<ruc; 
HbLXFu6µFvouc; tatgm)c; uvuµ£vovtm 
µEyaA.oc; UQL8f16c; wgci>V EQYUOLac; xm 
UJtFQf30AL'X.U µEyaA.Ec; m~gLobOL 
ouvExouc; EQYCWLetc; xm, yFvtx.6., etutf.c; 
Jt(>OXUJttOUV p.fow n1c; EJttf3oA.i)c; 
V1JXtfQLVi)c; UJtl1(>EO(ac; i) UJtl)(>FOLetc; 
<mf3i·knoKU(>LCt'X.01J Oto T1JJtLX<) 
Fj)bop,etbtuLo ng6tuJto EQYU<Jluc;. "Av 
bFv umi0xouv nbtx£c; bwn1snc; yw. 
rnngxi) faaA.FLf.lµata i) ciA.A.m 
JtFQLOQLOµo( one; clJQFc; EQYUO(c1.1;, OF 
noA.A.ci auati)µatu faa<'>ox1,xi1c; 
11m1graluc; JtUQUTlJQEltCU TO 
(flULV6f.lfVO fVUc; FLfaxrn6p,FVOc; ung6c; 
vn ruyc'1.~nm ZCJ>QLc; n1v uvrLmmxri 
uvc'mm1m1 yu1. 32 c;>l,>Fc; mJon1p.ctnxc'1. 
xm, one; mo nxenLrc; JtFQLJtnJ>ortc;, 
mivc.t> cm6 70 <i>l>rc;." I I l'.'.x.Onn1 
XutUAllYEL Oto 6n UV 'X.UL OL <DQE£ JtOU 
EQYU~Ovtav OL FLbLXEUOflFVOL LUTQOL 
phm. oF µta Efiboµ,eibet rtetQmm(nsav 
pr;c'.tA.rr; bLaKuµ<lvoFLr;, 1JJtFQ~:r.1m vav 
auon1µanx6. w; 5 5 c:iJQEr; 
Ff3boµabLa(wc; aF noA.A.f£ xcJJQFc;. 
11 Coshape Ltd: The Working Hours of Doctors 
in Training in the context of Directive 
93/104/EC 
17 6 5. L 'l!VFJT.C i )<;' t!JTltt_>X FI, ow Fit<; 
x(v<'rnvrn; y1u rqv ·11yd,n xm rqv 
<UHf>C'tAFUI. <HHUtVTl.Xtrt'J <tl_ld),1<n1 
FL<'>tXF'll<'>p.FVlt>V IHTl_)<rlV. LTO f\nOp.(') JTOll 
m unuol crntol m1p.p.rr{xouv c'tp.nm or 
w.tgtxl:c; c)tubtxuoLFc; xcu tUt(>LXf.<;, 
cmmpc'wnc; mrn Fn:110n't~<rnv tmic; 
uoOr.vd,c;, ll <W<p<'tAFlU tOlV <WOFV<t>V 
mml>V Ou pJr.00m'10F rnLm1c; vn uOr( 
OF xL vc\1 IV<). 
66. 'J < J t;rjrqp,a TTK "t:mcpuA.axrj~" 
rwv FtbtxFv<Sµevwv wrgc!Jv nrenFt va 
avrt/1.PTWJrWTPi <Jf' dJvtxc5 f'JrlJT:P<)O. 
Qun>uo, r1 m1preiv1j bwn1nwm1 Tl/~ 
o<">r1yia~ rnirehrn, univ ovuia, un1 
xe<in/ p0.,1/ V<l oeimmv /ff 
nrewewnx< j re<>no ro xe<>vo 
t-pyauia~, rmre{novra~ nae<i).),.,r1A.a 
{vav r11e11r:reo oew1u>. h'noplvw~. <)rv 
</J<dvrr:w, va l'JT<iexn. xav1'va neaxnx< j 
VO/UX<J JTf}<J/)Af/11<1 yw Tl/V l'JTl:XT<Wl/ 
TWV <)WT<i~rwv TIJr; 0<)11yiar; OT<>l'r; 
ru)tXrl1d/IFV<>l1~ WTf)<>t1~ <JJT<O~ <1Xf)t/)(l)r; 
npaep.dl;ovna tj<)t/ ur <iAAUI'~ 
p.w0wrm1~ wrem!~, neom1e1u><;ovrm 
naeriAAl/Aa rt~ IJ<fJWUl/lPvr~ 
naeFXXAl<Jrtr; <iJ<Jff Va PJT:l reand <JT<l 
xe<in/ piAl/ V<l f1<JXOA1/00lfV /U-' Tl/V 
flVTl/HT<iJJT:WIJ TT/~ IJJT:T/ef'<Jia~ 
"rnup11A.axrj~". 2.'ra nA.a.ima. Tr/~ 
P~{TWJTK T<rt' TU<JJT<>11 f'JT{XTWJTK Tl/r; 
<><'>r1yiar;, I/ /:'Ju reonrj Oa A.<i/Jrt, l'JT< J'l/Jf/ 
rov ntOavd avrixrnno <>uov Wf !Oe<i Tl/1' 
JT<l!_}OX1J XW Tl/V JTOU JTl/Ul Tl/~ WTf)lXIJ~ 
nreiOaA 't/nJ~. 
'JO 'Jl)X lt''Uli ltU,>OX l n Al,1.0()lt"{X 
DA Al>ll,t D() lHinAlpl ~)X1ffl>~-J OJ, "OQl)"{X 
OAJrhoXJXt\(U) 0101.0)X JO 1n1 J:IA0"{011 m 
9Hm A~n 'nJALtqo Alu 91m 
A(l)30'101n~'.:l MfHXlOX~JOl i\CIH l10Lta1,t1rnq 
In 'JA1mlt10 ne ~nov "(lOT'{(lO~Jrict~ (l01 
S1:1on1o(t0 13A 1:noo1£ nA 3113 Snon1mw 
S3a·3i9001031£' l,t nJri 13my;qx3 n~ 31 J3 
nt30lf1 n9 l,t1£oa1m3 Lt 'Slt01AA?ooa1£ 
Siu 51,ucrn moJn"{1£ n1~ ·u 
lw1AA~WO<J1£ 
l,tX'lllUli!UQ ltl!\I : I l,tA<>"{11£'! I 
·1w1Ak}0001£ D11A~>~1<lO l)<lD()DX nnl -
lto1AA}OO<Jli ltA}rilt10liOOO<hmq nni -
Lt01AA~woo1£ l,tx1qnytt ~)anenx nnl -
Lt.01Ak~ooo1£ 1,tx11n3rl1nq lnl nnl -
:So11nlt1"{~Joo1£ 
(l01 Ltoct"{)lt.:l Altl rnA 51,tX111"{01£ 
SnmAA3D001.C 5303l(l0(\:3 s1a3DD31 
Mw~a~mn nA A91nA;tq mA Ttl · i L 
·g9 odmoA~>o1m 
AIUO Al>XltlO)<JO 1\,01! mOtt110X 
n1 J:no1£0Anx1 twcy'{ nopoX:J"{11t:J It 
n~> 'l:H>'J"{rnhm>~p nA l:l1£}<J1£ l,moo11u! 1 
It \w111.n So1nrll,t"{~Jrnl1£ 1to1 lw1t"{)lt:J 
Alu mA Sl,tX111"{01£ A<!>Ao"{U.CJ Aon 
~nlmo01qooo1£ Ao1 l)Hl!\I ·Slwn:nm)Al> 
Snoxc11m:1 lwlw.Ak1 It SmonA.c1:1 
o~~)(1X 9x.11o~J03lin ~01 ~)aodm 
A009 U)Ol>lOOali A(l01'~()n1Q A~JQ Cl<)].£ 
10A~1rl9~1>J..a3 Anoxa~mn 'mlA~wam~·:i 
cum Snln91a1uonaq 511 mx. Snoql)"{X. 
Sn.01 Scto"{9 ·:io '119 l>A'~rrh<1K-1xA.cw 
'p()Cl."{11t:J l>A 1:Jlt~J<J1£ CU)].£ milt"{~J9<Jli 
uA~I HXo~mct SonA9 119 :J~l:IQ'} 
uA~I Soc1·~nl 010 lwnyi)AD If ·ol 
Sf1xu1rou S1J.,oy1u3 
. AUHJOdmH'ri 
A<Ol ()(J<y)X 010 A<!>l01A<nA.1~1An ACOl 
'-'~n:url 1nx Sc!>()l>X S1,><10A.1 > Sl,tx1c1T10Hn 
'Siu O'l1>',ll>"{1£ Oli> 1,1.oriO'IA(l)Al>lAl> 
1to1 Sno<y>"{~J:1010 JO pAl1qo 
A3Q mx. S1n.:l"{~)ffi0l) Smo9rll1q Sln 
mx. Su1lu~)x.1101A<nA1nA1> 51,tx.~.nmnan.~J 81 
Siu 51:101,u nnm Sn lt<lt~rnn 1:1A9~J'rln"{ 
'SLtm)<1q Sltcltlt"{l)Al> nrrlnAClQD It 
ln'X. lni9xn tt 'p()~)lt"{DAn no CU)].£ lw9<Jq 
11 119 'AQlnMtq 01 ~nnx '1n13~nncbon~3 
nA SltoJm 131t~01£ 'A09"{1£11.C3 ·69 
·Sn1ln9x.1Ao"{nAn 
Slt1 1,txan Altl 1n13g·90 nA (1.0 
'Sn 1Lt19x.1aflox.1 m 
Slt1 1,txan Altl m13g~o nA (.:l 
'SnJ:n"{n Srnno9yno 
Siu lw1,uh l,tA:iAo<l.-11:1 Alu mx. 'A.<y>q<l-rn 
A<o1 ~nlm<l·nh1£J :nl np1yn Lt mAJ:-1 
Sorn~> 'A<OQ1)"{X A<o1 l)X.1:w1<11ux.rn1nZ 
n<1:11Jn1Q1 n1 l,ni11K:JAct0 nA mx 
'Snott<1nX1m Ssi<1xni 5110 no:u Jrnq1 
'ST:wtian X 1 m 5110 lt0Aflol)g11!3 
ttX.1"{0~ja3Wl 13"{"{l)~j11td Alt TI Y)A ( q 
'lwlt"{9X.onm> Altw owux.JlAD 
A9Xcu AOl Lt<ft91.Cfl 13A~gTID"{ DA 
'5130lto13X11t.:l 5110 5DJ~1"{3Cl3 
rna<p91anr: l},x.onm 13X?aD1.C DA 
'5D1DDA03 OAOOX 
01 l)aochn Aoo9 ~01A~rio~D~a3 
A<T>l n13"{~)rhon Alu 
mx. rmA.n Alu rnA rnmnno<11£ {A 
(g 
l,tx.ouli:1 1:1~nndHm~·:1 nA (n 
:131t:J(J1£ 
no IW~)(JQ l1A:ni9A 1310ali lI I' 89 
·mal},110X. DgctO"{QX.D lH 
AC,to()OOYianch3 DA 131£?a1£ DG '5DJDDAa3 
OA~><1X 01 rnk n]Altqo Altl 91.Cl'> 
m1Ao11!<,t"{nx. A:JQ cto~ SfloA:-:1rl9~nAa3 
Scw1 mA. Stw~)<Jq Sltmlt "{~)An Ltoro11!Ja31£ 
AIU:{ ·Sttx.111"{01£ t1A.011m ltA3ri<y)rl11001£ 
It ):J()1<1x. nA H1t101£ nJOliO 
1 >l ltol)~J :l'rl rnol,tl 10X. 1>1 A(l0101<10()1>X 
DA Ollll monl!l) 11>A H '5nmno<11£ 
AC,lO()U "{~Joim l)A ' A 10 ll ' 'l 9 
Slw~iJq miJ!li1iJy 
:I:fl~OVIU:fl :oA. V :IOd:fll\l 
'A11>1nti1Ll'IYl> i\1111 
1,r11l110 luo 1,1iJ()(lm1.1ri In .ni rn>.nh,; m1A<;}(.?A1w 
noli ':in!.1't"{l> )mom,>"{l>() )In O\>l,>"{X Ao11,u101lm 
Ao0<,> n,n nhxrn1u Aluo Al 01~110·11-H1.101 HJ\) A101 
HIX Al!l<Jll>'l i\(l)J'ri~Hl.IX'l\)'1.1i\IOl11)~tKll"{llih't'.J!J11 
)u,1rn11u.m )lu ·X·u ')ltA}·rioAn~j'rh>"{'HJJ:uri1w zi 
· 1/\an~101atuonaq 
Acrn 0 09yn9 Mf)'.ll10111 
Aan oq91x Aow S1t0A9no~nJ..a3 
Sno1 mx SnoA9no~nJ..a3 
SnoA3n1toA1x Sno1 rnA Slwnm.mAn 
Snoq~na'JlC Sn 1nx SnJonJ..03 oJ\~)oX 
01 :nl l)X1HXo u11u~n<11umH1Q l,1 
oq91x :101,>x mA ':mJ!U()o·rioA Sl,1x1qn 
Siu lwlqolCOlCO<Jl Alu l,t lwmosJO lu • 
. S<OJOIU:J 
Su}onA.(J:J A<! HJ<n 1,1.mio·1<11J 11.0101ksni 
n.01 ·mx Slwmrill)An S1,1.oxc1n1CJ Siu 
Sl1.1n11yhon~J 1,tXrn1rrn Alu mx rnX1,1A 
tu S1toApio'jnA<1J Snm mA SnpA.n 
Siu A<nJ.o~lhlKJ Mn mx Mnq~nioq~Jd 
J\(l}a~o031 My>XoqolCn ,13TI 
D13Q~ n10~13 J\Ul 311 9X113XO 
SrnonJ..03 0A90X oi' rnA SrnAl1qo Stu 
A<nJ~~nrnq Mn1 11Aonl,u<n<11u.onoq 
J\(l)1.00~)1no My>mo111 
Aon oq~>1x Aow Sn.0Asnio'juA0:1 Sn.01 
mx So.oA~·ni9~uA<1:1 Sn.oATrl(tOJ\ 1x 
Sno1 So.019 ·:w l.t.on1KsJlt~J Alu • 
· _ 1Snol,u1nmJ S}xrnolt<11JX1u:1 
S.-1111) ·n()x SnJO:H11mn Siu SnHX}An . .o 
Siu ltxA.1,>An It 'So>N1 'lt,h,91.Cn 
'H H:li\l)\-llh>1 })J\ HOC!> J\(l>JO)"'{XK:l<J1>1C 
A<OA:nh,>1m(h11. Mn1 1,tAmi<1noo<11C 
lt"'{lt"'{"'{l)U>X It 1JJ\ )A. nA 1Jlt~l<J1.C 
1 >( .... ) ·S1 I.< )J\Jli~)'jl >A<l-1 51 I.< >AJli(,H )J\ 1X 
lni Sno1 Sno1~) JO SH}onA.<1:1 oA~><1X 
01 mA S1nAltqo Siu A<1u~r,>11>1Q 
Ao >1 Cto"'{9Act0 n.01 l.tffOlX}lt:J Alu • 
:oocw19xnm Sm JXp 
no ~nay ·na1~ni 9x1q1'J 1nli\(\.011'D'.l.tn 
SJ101Co Sn rnA A<nAnx.:1 1nx 
S1;JonA0::1 0A9<1X 01 rnA Sr;JAltqo Siu 
moJn11.C lno A(,1.0()Xn1AJ nA Ac,t.oaomi 
1w1.C A<•>AJ:IX:I J\(1>1l,uo1<11uorn1q 
J\tl>l 1,1.~p>Hrl lu>lq<>m><1orhrnq B~<Jl)l.CO. 
})J\ 'H>J\')J l,tAoym.-1 IU)<Jl I I 'vl 
lt.01Ak~1!)( ><11.C 
ltApilt 101Co<1rnhmy : t l,tA<>"'{1'.l.C': 1 61 
·(Jn.t3) 
J\{lHDCY)J\'DAao J\C,0X11D11DX1({ACl:\: 
D)qAOlCDOnOJ\lt~ ~x~.D1.C(Y)01t3 Aln 91.CD 
m1·3~Jau10oicn noic l.tmAk~ooa:u lt mA p 
~1n v ·s~aortn13n S9x1noaqoatiq10 
5110 mx 531DD~'{D8 5110 'Snoq~1x 
Ao101X~1cw1 o(l9 :io So909ai.: 
D101.CT)X nxa~ml Smli9 na~nilt:.\: 
·5~1Coo11m S·snx1n 5no nrnnon3101.CD 
1JAl)<JnlC nA A~nnMtq WA r-J 
110 rnndwoal.C nx1BX0 1aX:-nl An10Amd) 
AJ~ l,unn ' l.tm~A~wo<11.C Ii ·5nJ~1Y:HLJ 
Sl,txrn.olu1nX1u:1 M!>XA.rwn MOl mx 
r n:-11r,>(hon rno~nll.tQ lu rnA A<rHol,u1n:EJ> 
Ann 'A<OAJriojnA<1J A<o1 Snn1r,>dwn Siu 
mx Sn)JA.n Siu SnJonwo<11C Siu c,t~nnri 
'ltOl)~J l,tX1~n1X :10 'nJ1.CO(J(l001 l~WUH> 
In AnAmXc,1.1J1.C no 5:-qol.Co 10 'Srnon!.<JJ 
OJ\9ax 01 rnA Sn)Al.tqo Su1 1::wr,Jg 
'5D)ODAd3 oA9aX 01 rnA J\(l}3D)TI81ta 
5U030(l3J\'D u§mJ91m l.t J\Dl~ '531}"'{3ri 
5110 1nx o.oo Mn1Coo111t3 Am1x1ri 
Acrn 01.0Jn11.C 'ow 'oo~n l.tmAA~'ooai.: 
lrn1Hn~j 11 ·nacyn 1ax~w · £L 
lw1AA~.ooaic 
l,1x1qn1x ~)onon)I :z ~A.011101 
·1.i01AA.}00<11C l,txnn:rrl!Hq lni lu l,ncrn 
:10 9<1nAJ()O 01AJ())l1lM> S1:H><!>M>A<1o 
S}x1w11nx1qAcw 10 ·n.o~ono1oxn~J 
nA 1Jlt~<11.C Sno1 oqr,>"'{X Ao1 9oodm 
J\009 lw:1<1Jn~:1 It 119 M>j1<11,.twow1. noi.: 
'Snom>1r,>o Sl,ux10An Siu 0~91x AOl 
J\nrn,1.01.C(l >00<11.CXJ 11.01.C J\(l )J\ JJK:I 1)X1~1.-J 
'A<l>A'}lim<1<> M1wpi<>Ar>~f'rln11<1::11trlcw 
'lw1Ak:J.0001C Al.tl lnnn 
Annc,wrh10oic on~11fl 9xn3y A\;arm 
01 n1A J\(Y)3{)(,LJ11tO~jrnq 5DJODX1QD1Q 
Slnil.tn)lCJAn Su1 nnxa91q Lu 91nx 
rn19X.o Anomw,umq cwic MynoqoJ..a3 
Mo1 SB.DmAnA.ao 53o310.Do1frm 
1<) ·s:-io<y> ' s·n101.C ~>x1~ogo:mo. 
11 >1J\O~l)A.fr1 n() J\JQ 1nX IH>O.nill,>An 
l,tX<Jl>lt:I ActoX-} no '1Jlt~1Q Sn.01 
ct01.C S<f>l!H()r>X 01 ~nn' n11u<1~l~3M> 
'10J\'Jli9~nA6-J 10 1019 n9 p1011nrtorn9 
nA n1A na1Jri n1lnJnornm 
n1 An.o~J'>)"'{ ni\ 10<JJ1H:J JOX1MOJ\10'X. 
I 0r.tA.oyr'1 4: K<.tO<.tt_><'1. ot_>t~/>vnu 
1l{>om~yywr1 
75. II tf.tUQHI FJttA.oyi1 Ou i1ruv vu 
rtQOtuOEL f.vu xuOUQ<t OQt~6vno 
µfaQO, tO 01t0t0 6£V 8u Uvttµ£t(l)Jtt~fl 
nc; rrtux£c; nc; Et6tx£c; yt,u xaOf xA.a6o 
tou ~rttifµatoc; tou XQ6vou FQyaaluc;. 
H rtQOtUCTlf (f\Jtl) 80. fillOQOUCTf vu 
rtEQl.EXEL tu ux6A.ou0u 
XUQUXtlfQWtl,XU: 
a) A;roaacpl)vwn r.nc; obr1ylw; 
93/104/EK cJ)CTtf VO. ()w.acpuAl~ftO.l 6tt 
6A.Ec; Ot, bwt(t.l;nc; trt<; obr1ylu.c; curri1c; 
HfJU.QfJ.6~0VT.UL <JT.011<; p.11 XLVO'lJfJ.F.Vcmc; 
F.t_>Y< t~6p.EV01J<; 
(1) I It_>c)f1A.F.11n1 (1cwt.xi1c; FA<ixwn1c; 
Jtt_>O<JT.<WL<.t<; <l<JOV <l.<(JOt_>c't. to X~c)vo 
rvycwluc;, <'mwc; rr..x. Fyym1m1 
t-1T.<1Q1t01'1c; uv<'m:< rnor1c; xm ni1mnc; 
(1.bnuc; µn' (.(J[()<)OX<i>V hL<tl_)XWt<; 
twa6.Qwv Ef3boµabwv yt,u oA.mJc; touc; 
EQYU~oµtvouc; rwu 6Ev xaA. urttovtm 
wt6 trtv obnyla 93/104/EK. 
20 
MEPOl: TPIA: H llOPEIA 
UPOl: TO MEAAON 
76. lI n1;wf..l>y11011 oto µr.QO£ r.vn 
oh11yd OE t(>L<l OU,utF(>c'topJlt<l. 
77. To Jl{)(ino rlvm <)n ·um'tQXF.L 
{'.V<t 1t[>6f)A. r1pH uyFL<t£ xm <W<p<'tAH<l£ 
TO OJTOLO JT(>hTH V< t FJUA'IJ0FL, 
hFhopi'.VO'lJ ()tt, ·un:c'tQXOUV F.QY<ts<lflF.VOl 
or ()A,o·ur; tour; F.s<tl(>O't'J11rvo·ur; xA.c'thour; 
rc:ou bEV bLnOf.tmJV 1tQ00t(1(JL(1 (m;() 
xLvC'ruvour; yLa 111v 1JYEl(l xm 111v 
umpuA.aci T01J£, mnbi1 rt:Qf.JtH vu 
EQYU~OVTUl yw. '\J7t:EQf~OALXU µry(xA.o 
ZQOVO. IlEQULtf'QW bfV UltlOAOyf.LT<H 
u.vnxnµEVLXU Y} E1;ULQWY} xawv6r; 
xA.6.bou auvoA.Lxa. 
78. To hE'\JtFQO <rnpn:{'.Q<Wµ.n Flvm 
(nL hrv '\J:rt<tQZH xuvl-'.vur; ).,/)yor; 
hLU<.f.JOQftlXl\£ p.F.t<tzdgwr1r; T,(l)V "µ:q 
XLVOlJµ,FVWV" E(.>Y<tsoµIvrnv <tJTi> TO'U~ 
<'tA.A.mJt; EQY<t~o µ.f.'.VO'U£ m ri1 
xuA.urrtovtm i1<'>r1 <m6 n1v ofo1y(u. 
79. To TQLTO oupn:{'.(_)<WµH dvm 
<)n, ;q!oxHµ{'.vou vu rl;umpnA.wtd 11 
rA.6.zwn1 JtQOCJtUOLU (lOOV n<pOQ<'t Tl)V 
uyda xm tytv cwcpcxA.uu, m f.1mnx{;; 
U.QXE£ TY}£ obrwi,ur; yw rn XQ6v() 
Egyaai,ar; n:gf-n:n vu npuQµ.ooto·t'JV OF. 
6A.our; nrnt; EQYUsoµ.rvour; xm 6n hrv 
'\JmiQXH xup,i,u hLxmoA.oyi,u yw. n1v 
:-rA. nQr1 rsu(urm1 orr:mO'uM1JtotF. <m<') 
rnur; xA.ubour;, um) n1v rr:Q0Urr:60rm1 
6n 11 b11µ.6mu uocp(iAHet xm m 
CL'"HtLtl)OH£ F.JtLXF.LQllOL<lXll£ flJFALslnr; 
!J..i'l'OQO'\JV vu LXUVOJTOllJOm)v 
xcmiA.A.11A.a. 
80. II Em10orr:i1 FsuxoA.m10d vu 
n:WTF'\Jfl 6n OL O'\JfHP<JJVLF.£ f!FT<ls't'J t(J)V 
xoL V<JJVLxclw rtetLQ<.JJV Ou i11uv 11 
xuA.1Jtf{HI A.1J011. J\ m{r; m <rnµ.<p<JJVLF.£ 
Ou µrr:ogm'Joo.v vo. rqmg,wotm'Jv FL tr 
m)µ<pwvu p,f ns; bwfaxuo(Fs xm nr; 
p,t.86bmJ£ mrn npugµ,<)~ovtm, nr; 
ublxts; yw TY} fao(xr1or1 xm nrnr; 
fgya~op,£vour;, d TE p.f'.~mD voµo0t.olur; 
21 <ff m{,rr:r<)o l·:I·:. 11 l•:m1e0Jr·1'1 
rrumntu{,vn., 11lnt<'Hm, <'n:t 01rnK, 
xA.<'thnrn; on rnc; on.oi,nnr; i'.'XH 1'1(\i1 
F.JUtFUX.0FL uup.<p(l)VLn ( Ol,()'t)l_}<,)<)(_l( )JU H. 
xm OuA.<iootrc; p.Ftmpoui:c;), OL 
XOL V<JJVLXOL ftULQOL UJTOOtl)QL~O'lJV t'tl 
V(>p.<>0ftLXll J...·{,<Jl). 
81. MF j)c'un1 m1tt'.:r; nc; OXf'\lwu;, ·r1 
JT(_lOXUT<lQXtlX'll <'mm1n1 T.1)£ I •Jt:LTQOJT'll<; 
rlvm <'nL l) mo rr.uuxnx-r'1 rr:uoo{:yyurq 
On ·r'1tnv V<l sFXL v1'1on ''I vop.o0FtLX'l't 
bwbLX<lOL<l m'1p.1p(l)Vft p.r n1v FJTLAoyr'1 
3. I I rr:eoot'.-yyw·q <Wtll ryyucinu n1v 
rr:eoonwi,n n1c; uydur; xm n1c, 
UO<p(tAHU£, FV<i> FJTLt(_)t'.'.rr:H m:tQ('tAAllA<l 
muuxr1 F.'uFA.Lst,n ci>otF. vn A.11(pod 
·um)'\jn1 () F.JtLXFLQl)OL<lX<)c, 
rr:vofR-r1p.cnwµ.6r; mrn nrr:ou.A.o·t'ioF n-1 
(1fon1 T.11£ r.t;nlQFOll£ <1QXLX<'t. 
82. J\<pFt{g<rn, lJ Err:1..tgorr:i1 
rr:wtr·t'Jn c'n1.. -p.r f)<'w11 n1v nvciA.um1 
uv<'t XA<ic)o -'ti p.11 c)roprunx-r'1 
rr:eoo(.·yyL<nl ( r.mA.oyr'1 I) hFv On ·1'ttnv 
x<miAA'tlA'll, xnO<l>r; c'>rv ryywitm <)n m 
cmm1i1orL<; uyr(n<; xm nmp<iA.nnc, Oc.t 
<lVTLJA.FTO>JTLOTO'l1!V OF oz{:.Olj p.r (l~OUC, 
t<rnr; FQY<1~opl'vO'U£. I I xnO<t(><;t 
xA.ubLx-r'1 rr:vooryyw11 (mLA.oyi1 2) Ou 
xuOwto·t'mr rr:ohJ h1'JoxoA.11 n1v 
m(tcusr1 mJVrxnxi1r; i1 w6np.r1c; 
p.EtUXFLt_>WlJ<; TWV p.ll XLVO'(J!ffV<i>V 
ruyn~opivcuv, rv<h 11 xuOuQ<i OQLs<)vnu 
JTQOO{'.yyw11 (rmA.oyi1 4) hrv Ou 
Jt<XQFLXF n1v JTt_>OOt<WL<t yw. n1v ·uyrlu 
xm n1v <W<p<'tA.rut mrn mrn.LtFLtm yut 
t< rnr; xL vm'ip.rvO'U£ Ft_>Yusop.rvm ic;. 
IIFQULti-{Kt>, OL L<'>Lr<; m rnLA.oy{r; I xm 
2 8u pJtOQO'\J(J(tV VO. ofo1yi1001JV OF 
OtQFf1A.chonr; mu uvtuycovwp.m). 
83. Il<i><; O'up.(-\L(-\<'isnm <rnti1 -r1 
JT(>otf.LV()p,F.Vll JTO(>Fl<l hgfon1r; (mLA.oyi1 
3) p,F TU XQLtr'tQL<l mrn <1Vct(µi~t_>OVT<U 
oto pit_>o<; c\t'Jo mtt_><m<ivo>; 
84. To JTQ<JJTO XQLtilt_>LO r(vm vn 
d;<w<puA.LsFt<H ll FJWQXl1£ JTQOOT<WL<t 
yux n1v ·uyrlu xm n1v <W<p<'thw t(l>V 
q~yo.s<,>pi~vwv ('>oov wpoQ<'.t to Zt_><)vo 
Fl_>YUOL<t£. ( )t, FJtLAoy{:.c; mrn 
n:gof1Hrr:ovtm j)uol~ovtm on1v ob11y(u 
'.)h.rnnA:. 1, 'jl,tx:1.n:.u:<•HYW:( 
'jiu nonno~Jrin '.{ T,>lff){ o'IT'fJ1H>~ I OA}'rio>AI I 
>t6/t8-~) lt1nmnm Al.no 9661 n.o')o~JrLmN z 1 
'n0Joll.10nx1y 1,lox:1.nwn01ltJ no1 l1ond>91CV 171 
1\'3<,? i\~H TOX oXplD OA::Jripxr/J1911f:.:J 
MU V1A vy/1yyp1vx T0/\)'3 }d1011(HholtaX 
n.011 rmsni Dl 00911 91nx Td.o~n·.:l§J Di\ 
1J1.C)cJ1.C no 'Sn1l119x1Ao·'fnAn Sin 1,tXan 
/\Ill :rri T.:l(,?#)i\(1.0 (tml9A (lOX110/\10X 
n.01 Lt~ro1~nq nni oo~rn ~nDx 
01 rnA p()And)01rn nA n.Oi\}lhdxoo11 
'119 nnltsJActo :rri 1:1'j1olt10011n. 
01c"Jl,um:rn1y 01 'Sn1lu9x1Ao"(ni\n 
Siu l,tXcln Alu Jli oi\Jli,,1.o"(oXov ·68 
.. 1nluox1onox11.CJ Alu rn"Jorhn Aooo 
'51t.m,><JQ '5(tX1l':J()<nioi\ lttltlt"(l)M> /\Ill 
mA lwlt<J<J)li\n 1JXc1r,>1.Cn nA pc"Joml i\JQ 
U~) '5<!>1I:li\'W :nln.oi\1)<J:nrrino ni\ 1J1t}<J I I 
·t,ucm 91to TOli\OllCC,t"('nx nolC A<Y>Ql)"(X 
Aon n>x SxnonA(b 0A9<1X 01 mA nJAltqo 
AIU ~)lt)') 11>1/\C,to01n~J (\,()11 i\(l>Q~)"(X 
Aon '}·~nuri 'rnl119x10,wx11td Alu 
~)oodm Aoo9 'r,>oodnnq ~1xw,nhdx11An 
BX<1~)Wt A:lQ '11mlA9ofI · .. o<.,x·JJ.t}1u 
~JX1.101i10U ~W 5m::JA<J}kJ /Jlfi/ly~JMJ 
'l.·l.1~J()01t{!D<'Y1.t 'm1Ao:?p1~HJX (l,()1f 
A(nrlm<Ytlmqo<Yu Am1mX~Jy~1 5{lYOf/11ta 
511.1 OW/ti 11.0X~J.11> '1.0.1 ~W.liW fl~U::J.1,11.t::J 
11 ~uoon .. nllw ll<.,J(l AaoX;1 ''°u 5UD(nny~·lf/ 
5'1.1 Vii< J<JX~ >.11 W.1 51 Jlli(n<lll1V1Q 
"lJ/JI0.1 li0.1 Ii~ >.ldlJ .·IJJ fi(l)Ufl()li".JJ liOJ.1 
tu )'Jli~nl<lvli.-1 ;i/l.1 mu ?JYYV liOJli/JI< J)VhY.·I 
;i(i).1 5m .. 1nJrlWV 511.1 mu 5V,J::IAU 5/ll 
5n,11m1Do<111 'l.OQ}1.t11t:-I '101i:-nlp1D1rh11 
'W.1 lwm,11 yaf/ Ill 1J}VUA1JMJ '1.-IA}<lu 
my~wffllo.z 01 Aw>~ Jrh.-111 11~) 1J'jJA01 
0'1<Jl,um>x1y 01 · 
1~unn lt.ornh~rnn AIU:\: 
·su11mA0:1 noA9jx no1 SnJAltqo Siu 
lw0>a,,1.xn mA <nJ''OOl)fl oApi(l)AJ 1 01 
:J"(r>~l~mn (\.01.C lwlnJr> Aluo 'toJ<11twnx1y 
'}.OX)):>11mon.! 1 cun Slumrl)91£l> 
'51 u M \1"(1.C 11 n TJ"(;Hh< Olt:J l,n.coo 111.C'! I 
It ·sn1lt10x1<1n.ox111J Siu SltX<1n 
'51u ~nlon~l';i.o 01 r,><1odm i\OO( ), ' '88 
· i\(n309qno1m i\(,f)X1A{P mx 
i\(n301)1DD1DX M!lX1qH U0111C)113rl11AD 
Alu ~)aodm Aoo9 l.t "(~rl ln9ox nw 
n1Altqo It BX~JOnlC ct<m nJ~1"(:J(t:J Alno 
m1J"(p<ho Sn1ln9x<>"{lln"(<>l! Sin Soo~rrl 
oonc,t"(nA:rrl 01 '11mlAr,>011 ·s·~J"(l!l) ,,t"(011 
mAp '<oo~nmAr> 9 odmoAr,>onu Aluo 
·n nAo'j'}<Jo o.o·u Ssrnm 5<o1£~) 'S1J~1)1'1>1Q zz 
8Z l (L6)Jt\IO:J 1. 1 
S·9x10n~J 10 'l.txo"{11Jfrnc 1nAp SnJm)Aa3 
OA9ax 01 mA nJAltqo lt 'S(l)ri9 '(Yli\3. 
·s1.t0Mta9g11n S1,t111a311 ltxl,teooalf 
l.t mx ST.:lDJrieo.a 5?X1"(0~1a.:lwl 
10 Al).ogXo.3cboUD nA 01lu1nanL7:> 
1Di\El .i\(l)JD.03TIOax1ri i\(l)l 5(1))91 
mx 'i\(1)3.01,tanxnn i\(l)l SltD/\O.a9g1~3 
Sin nrilnl,t'j 01 1)aodro Aoo9 AO.O'}Zo1 
n11rrl1,tanZ1m nAo"(~)i\ v · L8 
·SnooAn Sltx1a-u(l)ffJ Siu 
n1A<"Jno11J"{ ~t"(nx' Alu n~A S9x11Mnllw 
1ni\ JJ A<nAsni o'jnA0·;1 Ann Srn3"{~Yhnn 
Siu mx Sm:1Ao. Siu rnmn.ooa'.l! Alu 
l,><1odm Aoo~; SsJdrnoArnq~)<J11 S:nmZ9"{J 
10 119 n1Anq~)<Jxn nc,1.:110111 ~1!oa1 u.~':I 
It 'AO'sJ"{ll1'.l.0 I ·lt"(}ll lu~)ax nO:u9om<ln~ 
nw lt~l)<JlC i\IUO 11>1~-l'jJ()Ui\ClO 11'~) 
,ill> 5d<J<!> 5JO'd19DD10311 rnA nJDnAa3 
Aln ttql~ n1t9a111n SnJonA.a3 0A9ax 
01 rnA nJAltqo It '009100 · .. SnJ1mAa:-1 
Sin lto<l>A1)Aao n9A nni mA u~rnaini'}~ll 
r 1 OJ"(~j1fl 0/\ 1D1)all OlD i\l),OQlUU~O..O 
no S9Hl v ·Sn<ft9W) S3/\3rl1)1D11Q 
c,1."(011 MwXa~mo. 1.tol.t"(9Xom.rn Allw 
Srn.onAa3 noAoax 0.01 Suo(l)nri Su1 
n1;nlo9"{31011D' rn n1J ·A(l)3D~1anxun 
Mox1 n11(l)an3 Am1 n1ll1ox1101AcnA1)1An 
Alt1 · · mx ' Slrnlt "(9Xmmn 
Sin llon1091nx Aln n1119"(~J llli 
ni\ Aow1Z~>"((l0l n p Sn1onA03 i\(lHO~() 
lwuo1,t1rnq lt1 l,t nJAocwnil.tq ln.o 
Td"("(~>~j'rifl.O Di\ 31 J'd OQ'd11J1td 9X)_1>11Cll0(U 
JO l1o~oq l.t 9x11Amilw S(T)OX~> mi\ p 
'lwlt"(9Xnnm> Alu 1,><1orfm i\OO( ), ·98 
· i\(Ud0~>10011 i\<0'11\ 'UOW,1QMf>101CO 
i\(T)l 010)1>"(11 010 nJ~1"('d(l3 
lu:100901.C Sl,1xonm It J'dl.D1"(ndHm~:-1 
nA 1>1A MynoqoA.0·;1 A(l)l Sn<h.9L'1) 
10 r,>xnxJnoolC Sl.tnJ1.C3 A(,togttH"(3ri nA 
n1t~J<1u n( ... ) ·1wn19<111 n~Ji\ noic~qmo110 
OW> mHX'd<JnlC ni\ H1td<11.C 
;)() nJ~1"('d'U , l.tAO"(~>AV ·((T)fr~l<;>An 
8 odmoA~)axm ·"(£J) Sno1,tanx1m 
S110 51)J~1"(3Cl3 Sl,tX1li\DrlltD 
D1lt191DArrq In 13/\ J9 SnJonAa3 
0A90X 01 mA nJAl1qo H · ~8 
·s·~dmokmqoo11 Sn.01X~J"('d 
noJmuo nA 1Jx<yrn.nm Siu ~)01Jn 
lu J'rl nJ0110 It ":mJffnA.oJ 0A9<1Z 01 n1l. 
11:rn-~et-Jaivovv rt~ _ ~xm1eai~11r:r~ 
rvleyt'tP~ yu1 n1v :nt tF"s11 tuo. h vn~: 
moµ,~:VtlJc;, CITTUQ<ll n1to vu xuOOQWt~·.L 
xut(1 m)oo 11 f.vtmn1 n1c; xmvonxric; 
hQ<ior1c; mm nvnA.n1tW1vnm pfoo> ,n1c; 
oh11yLuc; sFJtfl_?VCl TU pftl_?C~ JtO~U HVCll 
(JJTUQULnp:u. yu1 n,1v FJTLTFUs,11 T<rn 
ot6zmJ n1c; ngootucnnc; n1c; 'l!ynw; xcu 
n1c; HO<~<'tAFw,c; to>V rgyc~t,op,Fv~1>V. Km 
m'tAL, to EA xcnHA:qyrt on <'wv 
oup,f)HLVH xcin T{TOLO <TT,llV Jtl-'QITTTf'.J<T'tl 
n1c; ohr1y(Hc; yw To zuovo FQYH~fLU£. 
EJTFthi1 m onmrm)1'1nou JT(>OT< wnc;; 
ohllYl<J>V <TT<rnc; Fs<ll(>O'l:Jp,FVO'IJc;; 
xA.cih<roc; hrv Ou urrr0f10'uv w; 
bu11<isw; n1c; obr1y(uc; YL<l to xg<'wo 
rgyaaLac;, 11 EmtQOJTlJ 0E<1>Q,d (>tL 
LXUVOJTOLEL tm xm ll U(>Xll n1c; 
u vaA.oy 1,x6t11t uc;. 
I:YMUEPAI:MATA 
90. Ym) i:o rt:QLoµn TCJJV 
n:gm1ym'Jµ,Evrnv OXf'\lJE<DV, ll FJt:LT~oni1 
OFClJQFL 6n JTQf'JtEL vu uvaA11cp8n, 1w1 
(>HlALOtlXtl JTQO~fYYWll, 
1JTQOXFL~FVO'IJ 
vn fanocpaALOTFL OF FJHJTEbo hK ll 
JTQOOW.Ot(l n1c; uyFlu~ XUL ;-r1c;; 
WHfJ<iAnnc;, 6oov m~oec~ rn xuovo 
FQY<WLuc;, T,(l)V FQyut,op,F~WV Ot<rnc;; 
xA.cibouc; xm nc; hQcwn1gwn1nc;; mrn, 
rnl 101; m1Q6v1oc;, EsmQm)vr.m <ml> 
n1v obr1ylu ytu rn XQ6vo FQY<Wlnc;. 
91. MF ~)cwri n1v Esfaucn1 terJv 
(L'""[OlpfWV ;{OU fXCpQ(1t,ovHH OTO m1g6v 
Atux6 BtPA.Lo, ll F'.JtLTQOJTtl JTQOtdvn 
n1v TCEQUL tEQW TCOQELU ~UOEL n1c; 
f;r tl..oyt1c; 3 (pHnr JtaQaygmpo 7 4). 
~uvaµa tric; mtA.oyt1c; mnt1c; Ou yLvn 
btc1xQLOll µnus·t'J rnFLvcJJv , twv 
bocwn1gton'1nov mrn µnogmw VH 
F~T<l",(00'IJV OTU JTAetLotct n1c; obr1yLnc; 
yw to XQ6Vo F(_>yno(nc; xm FXF( V(l)V YLH 
tu; OJTOLFt; <m:mtm'Jvtm FlhLX<i pfrQ<t. 
Autc'> Ou. rlzr c1>t; rmtxM· ... ouOo: 
• n1v F.JTi-'.Xtwrq TO'IJ ouv<'>AO'IJ T(l)V 
btunisE<1>v n1c; ob11ylnc; yw, w 
zQ6Vo EQycwluc; CTF c)A,o,1J<; nrnc; !HI 
xt vouµ,Evouc; £Qyut,0µ£v01Jc;. C~u 
JtQffiEL vn yLva 11 xmaAAllAll 
JtQOOagµoy1'1 TWV ucpw1aµ£VWV 
23 mx.0rxxA.Lor<1>V cl>on vex. A~1p,(1<'1vnm 
um'njn1, L<)L(l>c;, ·q nvnyx-q n1c; 
<ruvl-·znw; n1c;; um1ur0Lnc; xm <'tA.hc; 
FJtLXFL(>llOLClX{£ UJWLTlJOFL£· 
• n1v FJtf.Xtwn1 OF ()AO'IJ<; TOIJS, 
xi, vm''!tFV<r"<; FQynt,oµi'vuuc; ~m 
ot<rnc; Fgynt,op,Fv<rnc; otov , xA.nho 
to>V "A,mml>V OctA<Wot,(t)V 
<">ucwn1lH,ot·1'1t<1>v" to>~ <">unc'd.:,r~11v 
n1c, <H\qyLctc;; yu t to xeovo reyw nw; 
ozi:uxc't p.F T'ljV rn'1ow <'t<)n,n 
p,n' < m:o<'>ozc i 1v nooc'ternv 
rfihoplth(l)v xm t(l)V rxr.qu'1on1>v n1s 
uyduc; yut touc; reynt,op.t'.'v<rnc; n1 
VlJXT<l xm n1v JTClQOXll Fs<W<p<'1hm1c; 
n1c; FJtetQxm'Jc; nvcmcrnor1c; xm nrn 
µ£ywrou ngi,Op,o·t) wgci>V FQyuo(uc; 
ftlloLwc; · 
• tri Of'.OJTLOlJ i1 n1v TQOJToJTo(r1or1 n1s; 
nh1,xi1c; vop,oOroLnc; yi,n x<iOr xA.cibo 
r1 <'>0non101,6n1tn OXFtLXct p.F to 
XQ<)Vo FQYUOLUS, X<H TLS JTFQL<)c)OUS, 
nv<m<rnm1c; yw Touc; xtvo·t'Jp,Fvouc; 
FQYUt,op,fVO'IJS, XUL TOUS, 
FQyctt,opfvmJt; otov XA<ic)o i:wv 
"A.mmi>v OnA.cioOL(l)V 
hQW ft'tll_>L( 1n'1tc t)V". 
92. '( )oov U<jJO(>Cl (fl !tc't TU X.A<t<)t,x,c'.( 
pireu, 'ti J ·:mtuom'1 rA.rrl~n t'm, OH 
X.UT<WTF( <)'IJVCtt<'> vu umi(_>sFL Jrl_)()()c)oc; 
p,F f)<'.t<n1 1wt crnp.<p(l)v(n p,rt<ts·t'i r.rnv 
XOlV(l)Vl,X(J)V FT<lLl_)(l)V. 'Ooov mpOQ<i TU 
mOuv<i nbtxci phgu yi,u 111 fktA.ciocnu 
uA.trLu (F<iv m <rnt.r11r1onc; yux p,w 
xmvr1 noA,1,nxi1 hrv rmn'Jxouv) xm nc; 
A.mrc£c; OuA.ciamrc; bQ(WtllQLOTYJTEc;, 11 
f:0tt1goni1 Ou brz6rnv ruxug(o1rnc; n1v 
unof)oA, i1 cm61jJF<JJV cmc) nrnc; 
EQyobc)tEc; xm nc; ouvfaxuA.wnxf'.c; 
ogyuvcJ>onc; orouc; x/../xbouc; n1c; 
OuA.c'wuwc; uA.1,dnc; xm t(l)V 
<">Q<WTlJ(>LOTllTWV ClVOLXT.llS (ktA<Wmtc;, 
yut to xcnc't n<'>oov Ou rmDllp.m'Hmv vu 
wz-1'Jm IV xcu, yu l TO <">Lx.<'1 TOllS, x/../u)o 
mJp.<p(l>vi,rc;; uvc'tA.oyrc;; pr cwn\ rr.rn1 
WXl1lOllV YL<l tu; OuA,c'wmrc;; p,nwpoui:-c; 
ff~Ai-'.JTF JTHQUYQc't<fJO'Us:; 4 7-5 I ( ,(V{l)Tf\)(J)). 
93. 2:n1v uvux0Lvwar1 n1c; ozEnxc'.t 
!tf tllV rcpug~10yi1 tll~ mJµq>(l)V(u~ yw 
T.l)V XOlNO>VLXl) rtOALUX't(\ l) I •JUtt_>Ort't) 
uvmpEQEL {nt Ou uxoA.ouO-itrn-'.L w; 
bta6txao(Ec; b1,af)O'\lA.r.1Jo11c; rr,mJ 
ngo(3A.f1tovtm atnv o.vo.xQLV<J>or1 <nJtit 
yw. 6A.u tu llftQU p.E ontmvtt,xc} 
XOlVO>VlXO Uvt(Xt1JJT,O, o.vd;<tQtr)t<J. 
<m6 n1 vop,Lxit fi<im1 n1c; rr,u6nwr1c;. 
L'UVEmi>c;, rt Erntl_>ortit cawotl-~A.A.u to 
m.tQOV AnJX{) Bt,f)A.Lo OtO'uc; 
XOl,VC,1JVl,X01J<; f.TO.L{_><mc;, yw 
yvrnp,ob6n1m1. Ltll <nlVf.XH<J., ll 
l0tLt{_>orri1 Ott FVllflP(.><iJ<JFL, f)f~)o.L<oc;, 
t6oo tcrnc; FX1tQO(J())JT,01J<; t(l)V 
EQYObotci>v 600 )(.(.(l, t<mc; 
EXJtQO<JcJ)Jt:OU<; nov EQYU~oµEVWV 
OXf.tLXU µF to Jtf.QLf.XOµf.VO 
OJtoLaa()iµtotf. Jt:QOtcWll<; Jt:O'\J 8u 
un:o~aA.F.L 
94. Hvm F.·urr,e<'>o<'wxn.c; on1v 
) '.JUTQOJT,ll um)'\j,Hc; XU.L cm:c'> CtAAO'Uc; 
<mobt'.~xtt-:c; T.<rn mx.u<'>vtoc; At·'.·uxcrt'1 
BLf1A.L<m OJ(f.ttxci p,F n1v rr,o(_>du n1c; 
JT,QOtH v<'lp,f.Vltc; hQ<tm1c;. ( )JT,Ol,<J.ht)JT,OtF 
oz6A.Ln On Jl:Ql-JTH vu bw.f)Lf)cwOm'lv (p,r 
tnv €vbEL1;l1 V/D2 -WP) Ewe; nc; 31 
Oxtw(3Qtou 1997 at116Lc.u8uva11: 
European Commission 
DGV/D2 
rue de la Loi I Wetstraat 200 
l 049 Brussels 
95. Ll(6A.Lo. pJtoQo1JV fJT(ar1c; vo. 
(JJtOOTUAO'()V plow llAf.XTQOVLXO't'l 
to.zuhuop.do·n on1 htFt'1Ch >vm1: 
dg5-workingtime(Q),bxl.dg5.cec.be 
96. Mnc'1 rriv m.tucmc':tvw 
r1µEQ0µ11vlu, ll l0tttQorr,i1 Ou f.YXQLVFL 
n1v teA.txit n1c; 8fon, A.aµ(3avovtac; 
6£6vtwc; un:6~n1 6A.f.c; tLc; an6~JFL<; n:ou 
8a £XqJQUOOUV OL XOL VWVLX.Ot EtaLQOL 
XUL OL UAAOL JtaQaAitntfc; tOU 
rrag6vto~ Arnxou BL(3A.lou. 
To JtUQ6v E:yyQutpo l~Q(oxncu Otl)V uxc'>A.ou(h} 
bt£V8uVOT): 
internet ht.I p://curopa.cu. int/ 
I'• COM(91) 600 
24 I I JT(l<'lo(~wn1 mr1 rn/. .. i.()H 11JTohoxr'1c; 111c; l't\ V 
yi.vn.w. p.10111 iqc; <tx<'iA.ouOric; noe1 i.1tc;: 
Welcome, Polidcs, Employment an<l Social Pohc1cs· 
OTT) or'Ai()u uuti) uJC<i.exn {;vuc; x<'>1.tl~rn; Tl'Jc; J '/\ V. 
UAPAPTHMA 
EYNOAO EPl'AZOME'N!JN6 
Obt.x£c; µ.Etcupovfc; 
LLbl]QObQOµLXf,c; ~,tHU.q>OQf<; 
I I otaµt.Ec; xm A.q1 vo.(Ec; µ.nmp<>QE<; 
AEQOJtoQLXE<; µEtmpoQ?:c; 
0aA.aamEc; µEtacpoQEc; 
0aA.aama aA.t.ELU 
Aom:Ec; 8uA.aamEc; 6QaCTtl]Qt.6n1tEc; 
fabt.xrn6µEVOl L<ltQOL J 500 00017 IX 
965 00019 
45.00020 
375 00021 
160 00022 
270 00023 
45 00024 
270 00025 
5 630 000 
E11µ. llf!oxcirai yia "xovl>f!ixa" uroixcia· yut JtFl_>L<m<'m:urc; rt,·r1yr1onc; j1A.. n1v 
UVclAlJ<Jll UV<l XA<ibo one; Jl<ll><lYl><l((JO'U<; 29 f.·H><; 66. 
Ir, To O'llVOAO t(J)V XL>Ut<J)V !U-:/,(J)V n1s EE 
17 Esmeouvtm, m rey<tl;,6µ.rvm ottS "µnu41oe{:c; ytu LbLO J....oyue1.<to!A.<'>" Jtou ()i-:v rl;meu\1vtm um'> n1v 
obriyta yta to xeovo EQyuoiui; 
18 
nriy~: Obtxf:i; µnacpoQf:i; otriv fa1ewn:a·(x~ 'Evwori: iltvxf.i; tris oey<hCJ>or1s xm tris rcpue1A.oyr1s 
twv xavovwµwv rr,01' acpoeouv to xeovo EQyuoiai; xm C>b~yrioris 
19 nriy~: Bamxa OtatLotLXU OtOLXELU yta tOll mb11Qob(>6µ01ls mm dvm µ{:J....11 tris /\u·:Ovous 'Evworis 
ItbT1QobQ6µwv (UIC), 1995 
20 n11ytj: Exnµtjoni; tllS f /\VII 
21 n11ytj: Flight International World Airline Directory, otmxt-:Lu yw to 1996 
22 Il11ytj: TecnEcon: MrJ....£111 yw ta OuUwma muyy£J....µcm.t ot11v blQO>mfrx.i1 'Evrno11. 1996 
21 AQtOµos UAL{CJ>v (JtA~Q<rns xm !A.fQLXtjc; umwx6A.rio11s) (OllVOAO X(>Ul(J)V !UJ.cl1v l'flS EE). Tu 
otmzdu <tvmp{:eovtm oto l 991, rxt<'>S cm<'> t<t otmzd,<t yw n1v FA.litbu ( l 990) xm n1v IeA.uv<'>l.u 
(l 99 l ). IIT]ytj: OO~A, XQ<tt'rl !!{:Al] 
2
,, Hr1yri: Coshape Ltd: The Working Hours in 'Other Work at sea' in the context of Directive 91/ l04/EC 
1995 
2
~ I I·riy~: M<'>vqu1 O!u'.t()u reyuol,cts t(J)V 1-:UQWJtUl,(J)V v1:<'>trQ<OV VOOOXO!U'ULX.(t)V Wt(>(l)V, l 996 
25 

ISSN 0254-1483 
COM(97) 334 LEALXO 
ErrPA<l>A 
GR 04 os 06 
Agt8. xa'taAoyou CB-C0-97-401-GR-C 
ISBN 92-78-23325-0 
YJt'Y]QEOia Emo~µcov Ex.booEwv i:wv EvgwJtai:x.rov Kmvoi:tj'twv 
L-2985 Aov;cµBougyo