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DAPAPTHMA B: 
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ANMYEH THE EilEKTAEHE TON APXCN THE THAEilIKOINQNIAKHE 
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eouult, ... tinrJen, rcwavia, Os't~pJ.Ofi: 1993: 
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QU'td". tslcon ~ 'tDV anni:ionll 'tWY IU6)WllQ1KWY KoJ.VO'til'tWY DOU OUY"t4xlnsc an6 'tftV C'tGJ.pcia Coopers SQJ. Lybrand, Io6AJ.~ 19tJ. 
"llcM'tn VJ.G 'tDV C9QAIOvfl 'tDC: napoxllc: QVO:U:'tOO &:U:'tWU O'tDV SJ.VD'til 'tnActwVia, 'tQ &is'tua &c&opt'VWY SQJ. 'tJ.C: ~oiac: 
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11ot»1s>1oe 1992 
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Global System for Mobile colllBUIDications: naytt6oµi.o ouot.np.a iei vn'.'t<N e:n1icoi vwvi<N), t.o vfo 
liffiq>l.OK6 aoupµa't.O ouot.nµa (DECT- Digital Bw'opean Cordie& Telecommunications: 'f!ll<Pl.01Ctc; 
eupwnall<C<; aoupµat.e:c; t.nAenl.l<01vwvie:c;) ICQl. 'tO liflcpl.ax6 ouo-c.nµa t.nl.ee16onoinonc;; via 
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kl.~ Cldl£~ VMI JGOu6 ltala't.G ~MSllC OVilVOtf\nN lt01 tlOA1\'.111W \'.MeDU01"'-'Vi.cav VJ.a 'tO llltT, "Pffpl.OD ChnrlO't6WY 
o'tnv ~10dl Anpos~ia tnc: rCAacavtoc;·. Ioovi.oe 1991· · 
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Eniicoivwvie:c; i:.ou 1990 icai i:.nv Avaoic6nnon i:.wv TnAe:m.icoivwviWv nou oAoicAn¢0nice: i:.ov· 
AnpiAio 199312. 'Exe:i cne:1n.a0e:i µtow i:.wv '!lflcp10µ6i:.wv i:.ou Euµ~ouAiou nou 6nµioupvow 
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Aui:.6 acpop6 o6nvie:c; via 'tOV avi:.avwvioµ6 O'tl.<; avoptc; 
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8 o&nyia 'tOU S\JllJouAiou 'tftC 25nC IOWiOU 1917 V10 UC twvcC OUJlVO'tl'l'tWY DOU lo &l.a'tClo\)v Vl.O 'tDV OUV'tOVl.Olltvn CVICO't6o't001l 'tColV 
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'tColV wn.1aia:.v C~lXWv QQUW6'tWY 'tnAcDl.XOl.'llWVl.Wv (DSCT) O'tnV Kol.v6'tn'ta (91/287/&0lt• D L 144/45, I. 6. 1991). 
9 An64Jaon 'tOU SUJ,lJouAiou 29nc IouAiou 1991 Vl.Q 'tnV &np1oupyia £Yl.QiOU CU"""'°lXOO ap18pe>O KAl'locwc cn6nov oWysftC (91/396/IOIC•D 
L 217/31, 6. I. tl)• 
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10 ~~ 'tou S\JllJouAiov 'tftC Jone Iowiou 1911 v1a 'tDV avdmu~ 'tftC so1v6c: avop6c unnpcol.Wv x01 clo~O O"tov 'tOl'ta 'twv 
'tnAcDUOl."'-Wl.Wv (II C25'1/IOIC• U C25'1/l, 4. 10. 88)• 
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12 ~ivo •iJAio via 'tDV avdmu~ 'tftC XOl.vtlC avop6c unnpcol.Wv XQl. clonAl.oaaoO O'tOV 'tOJ,ata 'tColV 'tnAcDUOl."'-Wl.Wv (CCll(l7)290, 
30. 6. 17)• 
IJC)dloivo Bl.JAio Yl.Q 'tftV XOl.vta ~tyy1on O'tOV 'tOJ,ata 'tWY &opU90pl.KCN CDl.XOl.'llWVl.Wv O'tDV SUj)WllCllJttl Kol.v6'tn'ta (CCll(90)490, 
20.11. 90)• 
A'llQOX61inon 'tOU 1992 'tDC SQ't6o'taonc O'tOV "topta 'tWY 'tnAcDl.XOl.'\IWVl.axWv unnpcol.Wv (SllC(92)1048 'tcAl.X6) SQl. AYGll:OiYWOD llC>OC 'tO 
:&upJoOAJ.o XQl. 'tO S~lx6 Koi.voJoOA10 Vl.Q 'tftV &1a&1<>0Acuon 0&£'tl.Jt6 pc 'tDV avoox6nnon ~nc XQ't61nQQDC O'tOV 'tO),lta 'tColV 
'tnMDllOl."'-W~ (CCll(93)159 UAl.X6). 
13 W.1~ 'tOU Sui,aJouAiou 'tftC 28nc Iowiou 1990 v1a 'tnv cvioxuon 'tftC owcpyaoiac o"to oOvoM ~DC ~ 6oov 090p6 uc 
pa&1oovav6'tnuc, l.&1'.lc; 6oov 090p6 uc u~oicc v1a 'tnv navcu"""'°uta &l.6o'taon (90/C 166/02• U ClH/4, 7. 7. 90)• 
~'tGl.an6'tO ... l.opa 'tOU :&upJouAiou 'tftC 19nc Noci,aJpiou 1992 via 'tDV £9QWOytl O'tDV Kol.W'tD'tQ 'tDC ano96ocwc 'tDC &vpwna1s~ Sanpoatac 
ta51ocauoi"""'l.Wv (92/C 318/01• u C318/l, 4. 12. 92)· 
~OJ,lQ "tou l""JouAiou 'tftC 19nc NocpJpiou 1992 oacux6 i,ac 'tn npocl\IWV6 ovvcpyaoia.; navc~u~ llAipalla.; 6oov QfOp6 'tDV 
~ilpo&6'tnon 'tColV 'tnMDl.XOi"'-Wl.axWv unnpcol.Wv (92/C 318/02· D C311/2, 4.12.92). 
14 -.i~ 'tOV S\JllJouAiou 'tftC 7DC kHi,aJpiou 1993 Vl.G 'tDV Cl.oovwvtl 'tColV &opulJOpl.XWv unnpcol.Wv ncin =1..:.V cauoi"'-Wl.Wv O'tDV 
&up.lacJ1Jt6 Koiv6~n'ta, 1q10C &npooicuon. (93/C 339/011 o.JC 33911, 16. 12. 93). 
15 o&nyio 'tDC saupoatac 'tDC 16nc 11a1ou 1981 via ~ov CIV'tCJVWVl.OJ,ld one avoptc UR&G~uoo 'tnAcauo1'llWV1axoO clO~O Cll/301/SCK, 
D L 131/'13, 27. 5. 81) 
10 
-~QOl.K£c; apx£c; Vl.O t.nv e::Ae:u9£pwon t.WV t.nAe::nl.KOl. VWVJ..W ot.nv Eupwnalicn 'Evwon- t.O 
nAaioio ONP (napoxn avoinou , C5iict.uou) Kai e:161K£c; oonvie::c; 01 ono~e:c; 9e:onil;ouv 
nAaioio avoiict.nc; npoon£Aaonc;, C51ao\iv6e:onc; Kai £vapp6vionc;1'· 01 o6nv1e:c; nou 
a~opo\iv t.nv apoi~aia avayvWf)ion icai nou npoo6iop1touv t.ic; C51a6iicaoie:c; e:tappovnc; 
t.nc; e:Ae:u0£pnc; KUKAOq>epiac; t.e:pµat.l.KOU e:~onAiopou Kal., oupcpc..>Va pc t.e:Ae:UT.aie:c; 
npot.6.oe:ic;, np6Ke:it.ai va e:~apµ6touv t.nv apxn oe: 6.0e:ie:c; via 'Ulv napoxn unnpe:oiw17, 
tca0W<;; icai oC5ny1e:c; nou aq>opo\iv t.nv npoot.aoiq t.wv 6npooiwv ouµq>e:p6Vt.wv ot.ov t.opta 
aUT.6, 6nwc; n npot.e:J. v6µ~vn o<5nvia via t.nv npoot.aoia t.ou 1C51wt.1:Kou anoppflt.ou 11 
Te:Aiic6, np£ne:i va An<p0e:i un61!1f1 t.o vcvii<6t.e:po nepif36AAov t.nc; Bupc..>Ilal:atnc; 'Evwonc;. 
H Euv0n1m yia t.nv EupwnaYKn 'Evwon £xe:i npoo9toe:i t.t:lpa 't.IlV &VKOt.OOt.aon 
une::pe::upwnalicc.Jv C5i.Kt.uwv we; onµavt.J.K6 ot.6xo t.nc; 'Evc.,xmc;. 
O t.1 t..Aoc; XII, 6.pSpo l29B t.nc; tuv0nKnc; EK ava~£pe:i 6t.i .. ot.a r1Aaioia ouo't.npat.oc; 
avoiKt.C.:W Kai avt.avwviot.iKWv avo~, n C5p6.on t.nc; Koi v6t.nt.ac; anooKone:i ot.nv 
npoo0non t.nc; 5iaoU'V6e:onc; Kai t.nc; 6iaA.e::i t.oupviK6t.nt.ac; t.wv e::eviicc.Jv 61.Kt.uwv icaec,;x; 
Kai t.nc; np6o~aonc; ot.a C51u.ua aUT.6. ... 
H Eupwna!Kn 'Evwon £xe:i ava.A~e::i ouoiaot.iicn C5p6on via t.nv npoWenon nponVPtvc.w 
Kl. vnt.C.:W cni.icoi vwviC.:W ot.o n.Aaioio t.wv e::pe::uvnt.l.KWv t.nc;1 npoypaµµat.wv•9• 
Ooov apop6. t.nv !>oµn ouve:pvaoiac; ot.ov t.opta ntpa an6 t.nv Eupwnaiicn 'Ev<JOn, ot.o 
e:upwnalic6 n.Aaioio, 
runonoinom; Ot.OV 1C e:vt. pl.KOU<; p6Aouc; noitouv t.O 
Toµta t:.wv 
(ERC)~ icai TnAe:n1Ko1vwvic.J.T (ETSI} n 
t.O ouv6e:6µe::vo aUt.n Ivot.l.t.OU't.O 
rp<lq)cio 
PaC5ioe:nl.KOl. Vf.JJVl.cJv (ERO} n EupwnmKn . Em. "t.porn'l Tn.Ae:nl.KOl. Vf/JVl.QKcJv KavOVl.O't;U~C.:W 
ee:µat.c.w (ECTRA) Kai t.o µe::Movt.1K6 ouv6e:6pcvo µc aui:.I\ Eupc..xtalit6 rpacpcio 
<>lmyia u1c; am:teo~ 'tDC 28nc; Iowiou 1990 v1a tov GnQ'f""'l.Of.16 onc O\"Ol>tc 'tnA&nuo1'NYl.CICWY Ulln6)COWY (90/Ha/SC.· a L 
192/10, 24. 7. 90) 
16 o&nvia tou luWSouAiou 'tDC 28nc; Iowiou 1990 VJ.G tnv 6111i110UV(ia tnc cowup:u:nc avo~ cnov topto Utt "tA>.cau:o1-.rv1a..:iv 
~OWY ptow 'tftC £9QA&Oyftt,; 'lftC napoxl\c QVOJ.IC'l01> 6.UttOou (90/3&7/&0IC- u lo 192/1, 24 • .,, 90) 
o&nyia tou l\JdouAiou 'tnc 5-nq Jowiou 1992 v1a 'tnv CllOWoVS\ tnc ~xilc; avo1no1) 61nOou one p1olwphtc v~Jatc "2/U/IOK• a L 165/27, a.'· 92>· 
Ko1vn Item v1a o6nyia 'tou ~JouAiou oxcua:6 pc 'tnv Cf'CIRlOvti 'tDC ~- avoutoO '1nOou (CllR) cnav fWVR'UJt6 'tnMf"'Yia. 
1. 7. 93. 
17 '08nyio 'tOU &"»JouAiOU 'tftC 2"1( ~U.iou 1991 y10 'thV ~tyy1on 'tc.N vopolco.i.Wv 'tWY J:PQnN p&Wv OU'tU6 llC 'lOV 'tCA.lQ'tU6 
cionAl."'16, 'tnMllJ.llOJ.YCNuN ncp~voptvnc 'UlC apo1Jai<M; QvayvWpJ.ODC ~ ~c 'lOU (9112'3/SC.• • L 12811. 23. 5. tU• 
o&nvia 'tOU SU»JovUou 'tRC: 29nc; oawJpiov 1993 nou oupMnpncJ. tnv o&nvio 91/H3/19QK 6oov OfOP6 'tov •'4HIAJ.Ol.ld ~ cna...,:,V 
oOV6conc ~pwv -~ (91/97/BOIC- && L 290/01, 24.11.tl) 
r.i.a ~oicc;: 
T~aollOJ.ftPfvn DP6tGOD o&nvia tou &upJouAiou via 'tnv apoi,JSoia ~1on ate~ sa1 6AMN ctv:uW c10U01o6ot6ocwv y~ 
'tMCn.ut01'4WYJ.CUtc; ~oicc, IWOC 6npoo1cuon-
Do6't001l o6nv1oe 'tou &ull'°W.iou oacu.s6 »£ noA1u.s6 v1a uv cucu.Jaia ~J.OD akJ.CN sa1 ~ c...-1.A.N cf.0~.106o't6ocuv 
OJCl:'tU6 pc 'tlW ~-~uoO &1nl)ov Ullftl>COWv llQJ./ta 6oputo£>UWv ~OWY cnU01""1VWv, ~ OiUOG~CU!:JD. 
18 T~dOllOJ.ftPtvh ft"'6'toon o&nvi<M: 'tOU &upjtoW.1ou y1a 'tftV npo<naoia 'tWY ~~ k6oul"WY S01 'lOU' l.OwusoO ~'lOU O'tO 
1Waio10 'tWV f'flPOOWV IU'tWv wnt1GSWv 'taMDJ.llOJ.'NY;Wv, l.6iw( tOV wn.J.asoO 6:urm)ov oltOsAnpwpt..v UllftpEOMN CI-> JIGl. UN 
6npooiwv ~ uvntWv 61nWv, ~c 6npooitv0n. · · 
19 &Atne l.Ohlc; U\'V ~ft tou &UltfouAio~ 'U~ 7m: Jouviov 1'91 V10 'tnv tysp1on £16.UtO'O lq>oY"6iqaa'tOC t.,,cVVC14: SOJ. 'tCaYOMVU6c: 
awmv~ O'tOV 'topta WV 'tCJCVOMVl.Wv 'tt.olV £D1XOJ.'VWVl.W (1990 twc 19'4) (911352/ ...... L 1921&. l'I. 7. 91)-'tC> ~~... . 
11 
TriAe:m.Kol. VC»Vl.Wv (ETO), t.a onoia t.Wp<l avant.uooouv ICOA\Jl.llll ot.o oU"voAo t.nc;; Eupc.:Xmc;;, 
ne:piAap~avoptv<.JV t.<.JV xwpWv t.nc;; Ke:vt.piKnc;; Kai Avat.oAiKnc;; Eu~nc;;. 
Me: 6Aouc;; aUt.ooc;; t.ouc;; opvaviopouc;;, n Eupwna!ICn 'Evwon txe:i oi:.e:w ouvcpvaoia- fl 
~pioICct.ai ot.n 61a611Caoia avant.u~nc;; t.nc;;. H pe:AAoVt.l.Kn noAit.i.Kn t.nc;; 'Evwonc;; oi:.ov 
t.opta nptne:i. va cnwq>cAn0e:i nMpwc; an6 t.ic;; 6uvai:.6t.nt.cc;; ouve:pvaoiac;; i:.i.c;; onoicc;; 
npoocptpouv aUt.oi 01 opvaviopoi, ot.o nAaioi.o t.ou ICOl.VOt.l.ICOU 6i.Kaiou. 
Ooov aq>op6 t.o 6ic0vtc;; ne:pi.~OAAov e:ICt.6c;; Eu,PWnnc;;, n 6p6on ot.o XWpo e:Kci cnnpca~ci 
t.l.<; npo0no0tocl.<; yi.a t.nv pe:AJ\OV"tl.lCn aVOn"tU~n "tOU t.opta O"tnV 'Evwon. 'OAa "tQ 
ICp6"tn ptAn txouv avaAa~e:i. pcy6Ae:c;; 6e:opcuoc1c;; ot.o nAaioio t.nc;; Aie:0vouc;; Evooe:wc;; 
TriAcn11Co1v<.JV1Wv (ITU), i.6iwc;; 6oov acpopa t.ouc;; 6ic9ve:ic;; Kav6ve:c;; pa6iocpwviac;;. 
H nayIC6opia 6io11Cnt.11Cfl ouv61601Cc'!'fl pa61ocni.1Co1v<.JV1WV' (\VAR.C92)nou opvavw0nICe: o"to 
Torremolinoso6nvnoe: oe: pe:vOAe:c;; 6e:ope:uoe:ic;; 6oov acpop6 t.nv pe:llovt.11Cn 6i.aee:o1p6t.nt.a 
pa6l.OOUXVOt.nt.<.JV Vl.a lCl. vnt.£<; e:nl.lCOl. V<.JVi:e:c;;. AUt.6 0a e:nnpe:OOE:l. OUOl.aOt.l.lCO t.nV 
avani:.u~n ICl.Vnt.C:,,V Kai npoO<.iJnl.ICWv e:n11Co1v<.JV1Wv oi:.nv Eupwna!Kn 'Evwon. 
TaUt.6xpova, n EupwnaIICn 'Evwon 61anpavpai:.e:uct.a1 npoICe:iptvou va cni t.\Jxe:i, oe: 
6ie:0vtc;; cninc6o, vto n0Aue:8v11C6 ne:pi~OAAov e:pnopiou, oi:.o nAaioio t.nc;; ve:vi.ICnc;; · 
oupcpwviac;; 6aop<Jv Kai e:pnopiou (GA1T). AUt.6 ea txe:i e:nionc;; pe:vOAn cnini:.won oi:.ic;; 
oxtocic;; i:.nc;; Eupwna!ICnc;; Evc.Joe:wc;; pc i:.pii:.e:c;; xc:,pe:c;; ot.ov i:.opta t.<.JV Kivnt.C:W unnpcoi<Jv 
Kai e:;onAiopou. 
H npootyyion nou txe:i e:riiAe:ve:i ot.o nap6v Ilp6oi.vo Bi~Aio txe:i we;; oi:.6xo va 
Aap~avct.ai un6lflll aut.6 t.o e:~e:A1006pe:vo Kai noAU"nAoKo ne:pi.~OAAov. Ta anot.e:Atopat.a 
t.nc;; av6Auonc;; txouv fl6n opa6onoin9ci oupcp<.JVa pe: t.ouc;; nap6yoVt.e:c;; aUt.ouc;; 01 onoioi. 
e:ICcpp6~ouv 1Cpio1pe:c;; npoKAnoe:ic;; via onoia6nnot.e: pt0o6o npootvvionc;; oe: Koivoi:.11C6 
e:nine:6o. Ae:nt.ope:pflc;; e:;ti:.aon e:IC6oi:.ou t.<.JV napav6vt.<.JV aUt.C:W ne:p1Aap~6ve:t.a1 oe: 
i:.tooe:pa napapi:.npai:.a: 
• 
• AvaoIC6nnon t.<.JV i:.e:xv0Aov11C'1v e:;e:Ai;e:wv 1Ca1 t.wv e:;e:Ai~e:wv t.c,,JV avor;Mv 
(Ilap6pt.npa A)-
AvOAuon t.ou e:upwna!Kou ne:pi~OAAovt.oc;; via pe:ll0Vt.11Cfl av6nt.u~n (IlapQpt.n:µa 
B)· 
12 
• AvaoIC6rtnon t.wv nayICoopiwv e;e:Jd~ewv · (Ilapapt.npa r)· 
• Av&uon t.nc; e:nttct.aonc; t.wv apx6'v t.m; noAi. t.l.Knc; t.nc; EupcAXTalitfu; Evooe~ y1a 
t.nc; t.nAem.KoJ. vwv!E:c; ot.ov Kl. vnt.6 i:opta (Ilap6pt.npa 11). 
Ta lCUf>l.O anot.eAtoµqi:a ricp1.hcipJ36voVt.al. O'T.O OK6Aou&o .KEfP6Aaio. 
III KYPIA AnOTBAEEMATA THt ANAAYEEOE KAI tKEi'EIE ·noY llPEDEI RA ~YN Ynow 
Ta tcupia ano"te:Atopcu.a t.nc; avaA.uoetJ<; ·nou -txei av0Anq>9ei ouvoyit6Vt.a1 Ka'T.W'ttpw. 
ria Aeni:.opt":pe:ic; c~nyfloeic; t.wv ~1Ci<p6pc.W tni:np6i:CJV', nptnei va yive"tcu. rkipanopnl'l 
Ot.Q nQpapt.l'lpaia 1C0Ql. Ot.O yA.0006p10 1:.CXVl.KcOv 6p.,W. 
III. 1 Kcrpie:c; T6oe:1c; ica1. EuKai.piec; 
J.. d t.optaq Kivht.c,Jv b1Ae:n1ko1 vwvi<J.w anot.e:.he:i tvav an6 -c.ouc; KUpl.OU~ xc.t1p0uc; 
5tivriti.Kn<; C:lvantu~m; otov t.opta t.CN tm.tcoi va1vic;,v Kai t.t\rtl rtAnpoq>op1"1v. 
An6 t.ic; µel\.tu:c; nou txouv etcnovn0t1, ptt.pie::c; eic:t.ipnocic; ici vm::c.Jv 
trtiKOl.VCA>Vl.WV oi:.nv Eupc.Jnn ~e::ixvouv ,6t.l. £iVOl. 6uva-c.6v Vd tm6p~ow 40 c:Kat.. 
xpnoi:.e~ µtxpi t.o tt.oc; 2000 ic:ch ptxpi 80 cleat.. xpnou:c; 'ptxpi -c.-o 2U10 
~E:ic:l. vWV'i.C::n; ait6 t.pexotioa OUVOAl.Kn ~aon ntpirtou 16 Cicctt. xpno'T.'1v 
(nep1Aa~avoµtvnq t.nc; ICUl{lel\.oot.n~ t.nAe:~wviac;, t.nc; t.nAee15onoinohc;; ta1 ~c..w 
161<.JtiICWv Kl. vnt.wv pa51oe:n1ko1 vwvic.Jv). 
H tpewa the; avof>6~ npo'3Atne1 6t1 20 t~ j()% t.c.N cnixc1pnpat1cJ\1 xpnou~v 
eivai 6uvat6v va avaµ6tetai va 5iaettouv npoowruitfc;; ici. vn'T.fc; £n1ico1 vc.&JVie:c; 
µtxpi. t.o ttoc; 2000, µe ~pa5thtpri ov6nt.u~n ~icio5uonc; µet.6 ari6 au-c.n -r.nv 
riµepoµrivia. Mtxpi t.o 2otot h 5ie:io5uoh npfrit:i v<l · eiva1 30 t.~ ~ 
Enin.Atov, JO ec.uc; 40% 'tOU i11m0udµou np61ctl. tai va fX:ou'V npoowruictc; 
e:ni.icoi.v~ie:c;; via 161c.Jtu:fl xpnon µtxpi t.o 2oio. 
Me tnv 5ieupuvoh t.wv lti. vnt.cbv e:n1Ko1 vc..wicbv de: npoom11t£c; cn1ko1 V(ANiE::c; 
rlAnpou(; ttAiµciKoc;;, t.a enint:5a 5ieio6uonc; eivai 5uvdt6v t.cA.iica va 
dvaµtvovt.ai. va q>Baoouv nepinou 80% 'T.ou ouvol\.iicou nAn8t.1oµou. 01 
13 
2. ouvoAu:oi api0poi xpno"t<N pnopoU'V "te:Al.lca va une:p~oU'V onpavu.ica "ta 200 
e:ica"t. o"tnv Euf)CAXlalKfl 'Evwon -oe: oUy'Kpion npoc;; "tptxouoa ouvoA11cfl ~6on 
ouv6popn"tW'V via napa6ooiaKfl o"ta0e:pfl "tnAe:cpwvia 1S3e:Ka"t •• 
Aui:6 Ka0io"t6 "tnV pe:AAov"tiKfl avan"tu~n Klvn"tWv Kai npoOCAXll.KWv e:nl.KOl.Vc.JViWv 
KE:Vl:pl.KOU e:v61aq>£povi:oc; VJ.a "tnV 'Evwon, "t.600 Ol".O nAaiOl.O l".nc; QVQnl".U~nc; 
61.£\JpcAXIalKW 6l.lC"tUWV, 600 Kal. W<; K£Vl:pl.K6 OUO"ta"tl.K6 "tnc; pe:AAovi:iicflc; 
uno6opflc; "tn<;; Evooe:W<; via e:ru.Koi vwvie:c;; icai nAnpocpopie:c;. 
Ilpoc;; "tO nap6v, n ouvi:pnn"tiicfl nAe: iov6"tnl".a "tWV Kl.vn"tw OUO'tnp6'tc.JV O'tnV 
EupcAXIalicn 'Evwon e:~aicoAou0e:i va ~aoite:"tal. oe: avaAoviicfl "t£XVoAovia, nou 
anap"tiCe:"tai an6 i:pe:ic; icaAW<; icae ie:pwiltve:c; unnpe:oie:c; -"tnV ovopat6pe:vn 
l. 61. <.J't l. K fl Kivni:fl i:nAe:nl.KOl.VWVia (nou xpnoiµonoie:ii:ai 0£ OUVl:CXVl.aKa 
6iic"tua n napouoa Bi~Aoc; i:o m:pivp6cpe:i au"t.6 W<; "i6ia xpflon" fl nou 
xpnoiponoioU'Vi:ai an6 icAeioi:tc; op66e:c; xpno"tW'V, n. x via "tnv 6iaxe:ipion 
O"t.61\.ou, yi.a unnpe:oie:c; £Kl:QK"t0\1 OVQyKn<;, via unnpe:oie:c; i:a~i, Vl.O 
pe:povwp£ve:c; e:nixe:ipfloe:ic;, icAn), i:nAe:e:i6onoinon Kai 6np6oie:c; icuqre:Awi:tc; 
unnpe:oiec; pa6ioe:niicoi vwviac; (i:nA£cpwva au"toKi vihwv, Kl. vnl".6 i:nAtcpwva, 
KAn. "flO. 
H ouvoAiKn ~aon xpno"tW\T via 6Ae:c; i:ic; icivn'tt<; unnpe:oie:c;.au~n9nice: 6vw 'tou 
20% "to 1991, o6nvoupe:vn an6 au~non o"tnv xpflon icuqre:Ac.Jt.w ouO'tnpal".c.JV i:nc; 
l:Q~CW<; QV<.J l:0\1 400/~ Ilapa "tnV ~£Vl.Kfl 01.KOVOpiicfl U~e:on, n au~non l".0 1992"tc.JV 
KlJ'l'CA<.Jtw ouv6popW\T nap£pe:ive: ioxupfl. 
EninA£ov i:ou ve:vov6T.o<; 6"u icaAunT.ouv 6vw T.ou 45% "tnc; ouvoAiicnc; ~aocW<; 
xpnol".w, "ta icUlJ!e:Ama ouo"tflpai:a icaAuni:ouv e:ni~nc; ne:pinou 90% t.nc; a~iac; 
"tn<; ouvoAiicnc; e:uf)CAXlalKfl<; avopac; via icivnT.tc; unnpe:oie:c; icai '"' "tnc; 
avi:io'toixnc; vi.a Kivni:6 e:~onl\.10µ6. 
i6l.<.J"tl.Kt<; Kl.Vni:£c; pa6ioe:niicoivwvie:c;. 
µopcpn av6nT.u~nc; T.ou T.oµ£a. 
14 Aui:6 0a Ka9opioe:i oUvt.oµa t.nv 
Evw n !>nµ6oia ayop6. icivntfu; t.nAe:cpwvia<; e:;ai<oAou0e:i va e:;unnpe:t.eit.oi 
i<upfox;; an6 avaAoyiictc; K\J'.lf£Awt.£<; t.e:xvoAoyi£<; 6nwc; t.o NMT, TAC Kai Olla 
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17 
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OK~pioc 1993. 
18 
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ne:pi136AAov, opioµtva Kp6t.n µ£l\.l\.n e:~aKol\.ou8oliv va bi.at.npoliv anoKl\.e:iou.K6 
b1Ka1Wµat.a oe: bi6cpopa t.µnpat.a t.nc;: ayopac;:, t.a onoia 6e:v e:nit.ptnouv 
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27 "1169QOn 'tOU ~JouAiou 'trM; 7nc; Iouviou 1991 v10 'tDV ty1tpi.on uouol) ~V~PQ'tOfO tpcuvoio 1to1 't£XVOAc>yu6c; av6Jl'tu~ O'tOV 'tOpto 
'tWV 't£XVoAOVuN 'tWV £nuo1wvl.Wv (1990 twio 1994), (91/352/EOK• EEL 192/8, 16.7.91). 
28 &Atm: ~'tflUq l'. 
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19 
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e:ivai oi onµavL1.K£<; icaeuoLe:pnoe:ic; icai LO ice:v6 nou napaLnpn0nicav 1COL6 LilV 
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14. b.e:v un6pxe:i ouve:icLiicn npom~vvion OLa icp6Ln p£An 6oov aq>op6 Lnv napoxn 
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lCl.VIlLOU 01.KLUOU, e:iLE: an6 ave:~6pLilLOU<; q>ope:ic;. napoxnc; unnpe:oic.Jv), µe: 
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ouv611wc: O'tO toa.c>c 'tDC xWpaC 'tOU oUVOpoµn't6. 
20 
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oi:.a9e:pn i36on via t.nv av6.nt.u~n t.ou UMTS ot.nv Eupc;;,nn. 
21 
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6opu~opiicnc; ~6oe:wc;; 
icai anooKono\Jv va 
To qm~ioµa T.OU Euµ~oul\.iou T.n<;; 7nc; Ae:ice:µ~piou 1993 via T.nv e:ioav~ 
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OT.CV T.oµ£a auT.6° 
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ouo-r.nµa-r.a µe: KUlJ.1£1'i.e:<;; 61aµ£-r.pou n onoia ~e:Kl. v6 an6 ne:pinou 30 xil\.µ. Kai 
µe:i.o\JT.ai o-r.a 10 xl\.µ. Kai onµavT.1K6 l\.1v6-r.e:po oe: ao-r.1ic£<;; ne:pi.ox£c; U'!'l1AI'lc; 
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19. H np6o~aon oe: ayop£<;; -r.pi T.WV xwpt:>v, 16iwc; T.WV Hvwµ£vwv Ilol\.i -r.e:i.c.Jv icai -r.nc; 
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31 '1'691CJ11Q ~OU ~JouAiou ~n~ 7n~ .ll.£X£~~piou 1993 via ~nv £1oaywy6 Oop1190p1xwv urmp£o1Wv JJpOOWJJ1xWv £Dl.X01"'-IV1Wv o~nv su~nci1Jt6 
Ko1v6~n~a. (93/C 339101• H C 339/1, 16.12. 93) 
22 
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23 
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l:uµq>wva µ8 Lnv 8µneipia, nepinou 95o/o6Awv LWV KAno8wv nou anooL£AAoVLOl. 
µ£ow Kln!'EAWLWv 51.KLUWV Kl.VIlLWV e:ni.KoivwviW\T OLnv Euf)Wnn 8ivai KAno81<; 08 
LEpµaLl.Ka nou eivai ouv5e5eµ£va µe LO OLC98p6 5iKLUO n KAno81<; nou 
;eKl.VOUv an6 LO 0LC8ep6 5iKLUO. 
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p8l.WaOUV, 0UL8 8a UnOKCLCOLflOOUV, aAAQ µOAAOV ea au;noouv OUOl.00Ll.K6 LilV 
Kivnon Kai LC £oo5a LOU OLa9epou 51.KLuou. ~pa, 5ev µnopow va 
unovoµeuoouv Lnv oiKovoµiKn !3iwoiµ6LnLa LWV opvavioµW'V LnAe:niKol. vwvi.W'V 
nou AEl.Loupyouv OLO OLa9ep6 5iKLuo, OULC Sa µnopouoav va napeµno5ioouv 
33 ria MD't0&1CP6 av6Auon 'tWV CD1ITTWoCWV 'tt't010U c115ou~ 6UO.lW&l6'tWV 1 JA. IJQ¢&>'tn&IQ .&.. 't&IA&IG 2. 
24 
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e:il)ouc; q>ope:ic; e:KµC'tOAAE:UOnc,;34. 
23. Yn6 µopcpn ye:viKnc; apxnc;, n pu0µion np£ne:i va ne:piopi~e:-r.ai o-r.o e:A6xio-r.o 
l)uva-r.6, µe: l)uv6µe:ic; ayop6c;, unoKe:iµe:ve:c; OT.OU<; KOV6Ve:<; 
av-r.aywvioµou -r.~c; Koiv6-r.n"tac;, va nai~ouv Kupiapxo p6Ao o-r.n l)iaµ6pq>won -r.wv 
µe:AAOVT.l.lCWv ayof>Wv. 
c.ucp£Ae: iac;; H pu0µion npcne:i va ne:piopi~e:-r.ai oe: -r.oµe:ic; Koivnc; 
Oi. npoUno0£oe:ic; £Kl)oonc; al)e:iwv yia KJ.Vn't.6 ouo-r.nµa-r.a -r.nAe:niKoivwviwv 
npcne:i va ne:piopi~ov-r.ai o-r.ic; !3aoiK£c; anai -r.noe:ic; Kai npoUno0£oe:ic; nou 
~aoi~OVT.Ol. OE: ana1'tnOE:l.c; 5nµooiWV unnpe:Ol.Wv un6 µopcpn e:µnopl.lCWv KaV6VWV, 
6nwc; opi~ov-r.ai o-r.nv oSnvia 90/388/EOK -r.nc; Eni-r.ponnc; Kai ~nv o5nyia 
90/387/EOK -r.ou Euµ(3ouAiou ica0Wc; icai -r.nv o5nyia 88/301/EOK -r.nc; Ennponnc; ICOl. 
-r.nv o5nyia 91/263/EOK -r.ou ~uµ~ouAiou3' , ICal. -r.nv e:n£IC-r.aon -r.wv µ£-r.pwv o-r.ov 
5opuq>opl.lC6 -r.oµca36. 
Oi (3aoiIC£c; anai-r.noe:ic; np£ne:i va IC<lAun-r.ouv i5iwc; -r.nv ano"te:Ae:oµa-r.iICn xpnon 
-r.ou q>6oµa-r.oc; 'twv pa5ioouxvo-r.n-r.cuv Kai 'tl.<;; anai 'tnoe:ic; nAe:IC'tpoµayvnt.iICnc; 
ouµ~at.6t.nt.ac;, Ka0Wc; Kai t.nv aocp6Ae:1a t.nc; .he:i t.oupyiac; "tou 51Kt.uou, t.nv 
ouv-r.npnon t.nc; 511Ct.UOU Kal., oe: 
ne:pin'tWoe:1c;, -r.nv 51al\e:1t.oupyiK6t.nt.a 'tcuv unnpe:oiwv 1Ca1 -r.nv npoo"taoia -r.wv 
5e:5oµ£vwv· e:nionc; -r.nv aocp6Ae:1a t.wv xpno'tWv, 
unal\AnAwv. Kai t.nv aocp6Ae:1a t.wv 
01 npoUno0£oe:ic; nou {3aoi~ovt.a1 oe: anai t.noe:ic; 5nµooicuv unnpe:oiwv un6 
µopcpn e:µnopl.KWV Kav6vcuv 3? Vl.O ouot.nµa"ta nou npoopi~ovt.al. VJ.a xpnon an6 
-r.o e:upu Ko1v6 nou va K<lAunt.ouv t.nv µov1µ6t.n-r.a, t.n 51aee:a1µ6t.nt.a Kai -r.nv 
no16t.nt.a -r.nc; unnpe:oiac;. Aut.6 µnope:i e:nionc; va ouve:nave:-r.ai npoUno0£oe:ic; 
34 BA. DaP6P'tn»a A. 'tpfl&la 2. 
35 06ny1a 'tDC: Bnupom\c: 'tDC: 28nc: Iouviou 1990 via 'tov aV'taywv1ap6 O'tl.C: avoptc: unnpcaiWv 'tnAl:nuo1vwviWv ( 90/388/BOIC• U L 192/10, 
24.7.90) 
o&nyia 'tou ZUl&JouAiou 'tDC: 28nc: Iouviou 1990 via 'tnv 9ton1an 'tnC: &1c8vooc: ayop6c: unnpcaiWv 't11Acn1xo1vwv1Wv ptow 'tnC: £9QP&lovitc: 
'tnc: napomc: QV01X'tO\) &J.X'tOoU (90/387/BOK• II L 192/1, 24. 7. 90) 
~nvia 'tn«: anupom\c 'tD«: 16nc Mal.ou 1988 v1a 'tov av"tavwviap6 o"t1c: avoptc: uwa'tixoo c~onA1apoo 'tl1Acnixo1vwviWv (88/301/SOK• u 
L 131/3, 27.5.88). 
o&nyia 'tou SUWlouAiou uc: 29nc: Anpl.Aiou 1991 y1a 'tnv npoatvv1on 'tWV vopo8cai.Wv 'tWV xpo'tWv pcM:lv nou QfOPQdv 'tOV 
't11Acn1xo1"11UV1as6 't£ppa't1xd £~onA1ap6, ncp1AQ\lfSavoptvnc: 'tnC: QP01~aiac: ava'f'IWp1onc: 'tnC: OUllp6pquo6c: 'tou (91/263/IOJC· IB L 128/1, 
23. 5. 91). 
36 ~nvia 'tou ZupJouAiou 'tnC: 29nc: OK't~piou 1993 y1a 'tnv oupnAJ\p.lon 'tnc: o&nviac: 91/263/EOK ox£'t1x6 pc 'tOV c~onA1ap6 &opu90p1xW'I 
O'taepWv £&690uc;: (93/97/IOJC· Bl L 290/01, 24. 11. 93) 
zat&10 o6nv1ac tnc Bnnpon6c: v1a 'tnv 'tpononoinan 'ti.IV o&nviWv 88/301/IOll'. •a1 90/388/IOIC 1&il.lc: 6oov Qf0"6 uc &opUCfOpntc 
cn1xo1vwvicc, npoc: &llllooicuan. 
37 BA. ~u1ita A. 'tpfl&la 3. 
25 
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38 01 61a61xaoi1:c: a6£1o66t:non1; nptn£1 va A0&11kivouv und-wn t:nv i11:avdt:nt:a 6uvnt:111:w UIJO'fD91wv va oupr.ao&>fWvov-tai. r.ac cr.anopixo'()c: 
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H oxc:t:i.xn ot:48}li.on aUt:wv "tWV 11:p1t:n&>iwv nptn1:1 va civai. aVt:1xc1r.a1:v111:ft, 6l.Q9C1vftC: (6nA. va 6nr.aoo11:'()1:t:ai A£nt:o}l£pWc 01: 6A£c: t:l.C: 
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39 Onou £1val. ~it:nt:o, nptncl. va npoJAtnct:al. n 16puon l.61ait:£PDC: 8uyat:pl.XftC: yia t:nv Acit:oupyia t:DI; Xl.VDt:ftC: &paot:n&>l.dt:nt:ac: 0£ 
J4gn ~cone: ycit:viaonc:. 
40 ri.a ncpcut:tp.i cttt:aon t:wv £}lno61wv aUt:wv, JA. napapt:npat:a B 11:a1 A, t:pftr.aat:a J, 6 xai 10. 
41 ria nMpn cttt:aon, JA. nap4pt:nr.aa A, t:}lftr.aa 6. 
26 
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Ae::it.oupyiac; t.wv icivn-r.(Jv 5iICt.uwv. 
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t.wv i<av6vwv napoxnc; avoii<t.ou 6u:t.uou, i5iwc;, t.nv npot.e:iv6pe::vn o5nvia 
cpwvnt.ii<nc; t.nAe:cpwviac; ot.o nAaioio t.nc; f1Aa42 
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lCQt.QOt.OOe::J.c;. 
26 H anay6pe::uon n o ne:piopioµ6c; nou e::m.,l36A.Ae::"tai oe:: cpope::ic; e:icµe:"t.OA.Ae:uonc; 
Kl. vnt.W'V 5iic't uwv va xpnoiponoiow t.nv 5i.icn t.ouc; uno5oµn µe:t.65oonc; n 
e::ice:ivn 'tpit.ou, n e::nionc; 6oov acpopa t.nv an6 ICoivou xpnon uno5oµnc; 
anot.e:.Ae::i. icupio e::µn65io ot.nv av6nt.u~n ici vnt.Wv e:niicoi vwviWv, ICaJ. cpaive:"taJ. 
va tpxe:'tal. oe: avt.i0e:on pe: t.ouc; icav6ve::c; avt.avwvioµou t.nc; ~uv0nicnc;43. 
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42 Ko.i.vil &tan a.1t£U1td "£ o6nyia 'tou z~JouAiou y.i.a 'tnv eC,Owovn 'tnc; ~xflc; avo.i.noO 6.i.nOou (ONP) O'tnv ..,vnux6 'tM£twVia. 
1. 7. 93. 
43 ria ~n Ett't'aan, JA. nap6pu1pa A. 't'pi\pa 10. 
27 
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i:£i:oia av6nt.u~n i<ai i:o onoio ea µnopouoe va i<aeopioi:ei ~6oe1 i:wv 
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28 H pu0µion i:nc; napoxnc; unnpe:oiwv, Ka9W<; Kai n oi:6on €vavi:1 i:nc; 
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29 H napoxn unnpe:oic.Jv 6e:v np£ne:i va un6i<e:i t.ai oe: £i<6oon 66e:iac; oi:a icp6t.n 
µ£An Kai µnope:i va un6i<e:1t.a1 µ6vo oe: anait.non 6nAwonc; e:ic µ£pouc; i:wv 
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.he:i t.oupvou-v44. 
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e:0e:.hovi:ii<n ~aon. 
28 
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anai t.noe:wv nou ouµµop<pwvovi:ai µe: t.o icoi voi:11c6 icavov1ot.i.ic6 llAaioio ot.ov 
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46 06nyia 'tOU lupfoull.iou 'tDC 2&a~ IouYiou 1990 y1a 'tftV ttonum 'tftc; £Cll.>'tCPU:1M: ~ unnpcol.Wv 'tMcD1S01"'-N'1Wv, ~ow 'tOC: 
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32 Ta np6"tuna nou a~opoliv i:.ic;; 6ie:na~£<;; aui:.£c;; np£ne:i, ye:v11C6, va e:ivai 
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30 
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5 u;: i:. uwv. 
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4 8 ria nMpn c:tt"taon, JA. lq)6p'tnpG A. 't~Q 11. 
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32 
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53 Ko1voi uxvuoi r:avov1opoi (Common hcbnic:.l R1t9Ulationa (CTR>) 
54 Approvala CO.Wnittee for Tendnal Bquipment(ACTB) 
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33 
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A.n~9o\Jv 01 ano~6oe:1~ yia t.a µe:llovt.iic6 np6t.una, t.1~ ouxv6t.nt.e:~ icai 'tnv 
api0µnon. 
Au"t.6 a~opa 1<51ai u:pa 'tOV ouvt.ov10µ6 o'to · nA.aioio 'tnc; lae:evooc; Evc.Joe:c...x;; 
TnA.e:nl.KOl. VWVl.Wv. 
ouo1aot.1Kn o'tnpi;n nptne:i va <5o0e:i ot.nv e:1<51icn oµ6<5a ici vnt.W\T 
e:nii<oi vwviwv (SMG) "Lou ETSI. H SMG e:pya~e:t.ai e:ni "Lwv npo'tunwv ot.ov xc.Jpo 
aut.6 Kai npoe:t.01µ6~e:1 e:upwnaYicn 9£on via t.nv ITU. 
Sl H e:upwnalicn t.e:xvoA.ov1Kn av6nt.u~n np£ne:1 va e:ivai e:u£A.1ict.n 6oov a~op6 t.ic; 
µe:llov'tl.Ktc; u:xvol\oviictc; e:m.1oy£c;, npoice:iµtvou va <51ao~aA.ioe:1 ~£At.l.O'tn 
0€on. 
66 BAtm: 1&1w( 'lnv an6900n l:ou ZtN.JouAiou l:nc; 7nc; Iouviou 1991 via l:nv tvxp1an 1:1&11toO npoyp6ppal:OC: tpcuvac; 1ta1 uavoAoyu6c; 
av4Jnu~ Ol:OV l:Opta l:WV l:EXVOAOVl.Wv 'lftC: £n11t01'AJV'ia~ (1990 twc; 1994) (91/352/IOK· I& L192/8, 16.7.91)- 1:0 np6y~pa !QC&. 
Evw 01 e:pyaoie:c; o"tov "toµta au"t6 nptne:i va o-r.npix0ol1v o-r.nv ioxu "twv 
"tpe:xouoWV' e:upwna!icwv 'Vflq>iaicwv "te:xvo/\oyiwv ici vn"twv e:n1ico1 vwviWV', 15ic...x; 
"tou DCS-1800, "tou GSMicai "tou DECf,np£ne:1 va 5ia"tnpn0e:i n e:ue:Ai~ia 6oov 
acpopa op10µ£va xapaic"tnp1o"t1ic6, av6Aoya µe: "to dno"t£/\e:oµa "tm; ouyicpi "tiictu; 
£pe:uvac; nou 51e:~aye:"ta1 npoc; "to nap6v o"to nAaioio "tou npovpaµµa"toc; RACE. 
Au-r.6 1oxue:1 oe: ox£on µe: µe:A/\ov"tiictc; "te:xviic£c; icw()iiconoinonc; nou 
xpno1µono10U'v"ta1 via (n. x "ta OXE:"t11CO 
nAe:ove:ic"tnµa"ta "tnc; no/\unAe:ic"tiicnc; npoon£Aaonc; xpoviicnc; 51a1p£oe:wc; (time 
Division Multiplex Acces -TOMA) icai "tnc; noAunAe:ic"tiicnc; npoon£Aaonc; icw~hicnc; 
5iaipe:onc; (Code-Division Multiplex Access-CDMA). 
Ave:~ap"tn"ta an6 "ta /\e:n"toµe::pn xapaK"tnp1o"t1K6 nou ea e:n1Ae:vo\Jv "te::Aiic6, 
np£ne::1 va An<p0e::i np6voia oou: va 51aocpaAi~e:"ta1 oµaAn µe::i:a~aon an6 "tnv 
xpnon i:wv "tpe:xouowv "te::xvoAoyiwv o"tic; i:e::xvoAovie:c; UM.TS. 
S2 H Ko1v6"tn-ta np£ne:1 va e:;aico/\ou9noe:i va 5ive::i U'VflAn npoi:e:pa16i:ni:a oi:nv 
avani:u~n i:ou ~Soi:a e::pe::uvn"t1ic6 npoypaµµa"t6 "tnc;. 
S3 H avani:u;n nave::upwna!KWV' 5iici:uwv e::vioxu0nKe:: onµav"tiica oi:o nape::A06v an6 
i:nv o\Jvi:a;n µvnµoviwv ouµcpwviac; µe:"ta;u cpop£wv eicµe::"t6Ahe::uonc; icai/n 
Kai:aoice:uao"twv oe:: ice:vi:p1Kouc; i:oµe:ic; Kivni:WV' ouoi:nµai:wv (ouv6cp0nicav 
µvnµ6via ouµcpwviac;, via nap65e::iyµa, oxe::i:1K6 µe: i:nv e:ioavwvn i:ou GSM'.Kai, 
oe: ox£on µe: i:o ERMES, i:ic; unnpe:oie:c; i:nAe:oi:a0µWv Kai i:o TFTS). 
Ee: bp10µ£ve::c; ne:p1ni:Woe:1c; i:a µvnµ6via aui:a ouµcpwviac; e:ne:Ki:69nKav ooi:e: va 
lCaA~O\JV i:6oo i:ic; xwpe:c; EZEE 600 Kai i:ic; xWf)e::c; i:nc; Ke:v-r.piKnc; KQ1 
Ava"toA1Knc; Eupwnnc; Kai opioµ£ve:c; cpop£c; e:ne::K"t69nKav n£pa an6 "tnv EupWnn. 
H ouve::pvaoia aui:n oi:nv e:ioavwvn ouoi:nµ6i:wv Kivni:Wv e:n1Ko1vwv1Wv np£ne:i 
va e::v9appuv0e:i ne:pai i:£pw, i5iwc;, oe:: ox£on µe: i:nv µe:llovi:iKn avani:u;n i:ou 
~g67. 
S4 flp0Ke:1µ£vou va µe:yioi:onoin0e:i i:o 5uvaµiK6 i:wv e:upwna!KWv e:;e:Ai;e::wv o"touc; 
i:oµe:ic; "tou ~S,np£ne:i va 5o8e:i npoooxn o"tnv £K5oon a5e::1Wv via "t8"to1ou 
e::i5ouc; µe::llov"t1K£<; unnpe:oie:c; i:pii:nc; ye:ve::6c; Ka"t6 ouv"tovioµtvo "tp6no an6 
67 llptnt:1 cnion~ va ~8£1 IJl>O't£PQ16'tn'ta o'tnv n&><>W&non 'tn~ xpl\ocw~ vtwv 'tWJwv unnpcol.Wv, 6ruc; ~pie~ 6 xaflo66ynon oxc't1x6 pc 
't1~ p£'ta90pt~, O'ta navcupwna1x6 x1vn't6. ~ix'tua (n. x. GSM xa1 UMTS). 
t.nv apxn Kai.In oe: Koivot.iK6 e:nine:6o. Ilp£ne:i va Ancp0e:i un6'.l'Il n av6yKn 
6iaoq>6Aionc;; oµa1'.nc; µe:t.cJt3aonc; an6 t.n xpnon t.pe:xouoWv t.e:xvoAoyiWv yia 
npoowniK£<; unnpe:oie:c; e:niKoivwvic.Jv ot.ic; t.e:xvoAoyie:c; UMTS. Ilptne:i e:nionc; 
va Aaµ~6vovt.ai un6'.l'Il oi e:i5u:£c; icat.aot.6oe:ic; ot.a icp6t.n µ£An icai t.a 
ouµcp£povt.a t.wv ucpiot.aµ£vwv icat.6xwv a6e:ic.Jv. 
SS oi 5iat.6~e:ic; t.nc; Euv0nicnc; oxe:t.iic6 µe: t.a 6ie:upwnaiic6 6iict.ua napouoi6~ouv 
t.Wf)a t.nv ~uicaipia va yive:i £va ne:pait.£pw ~nµa ot.nv npow0non t.nc; 
ouve:pyaoiac; 6oov acpop6 t.nv e:vKat.6ot.aon Kal. t.nv av6nt.u~n t.£t.oiou e:i5ou<; 
6iict.uwv. H Enit.ponn £xe:i npot.e:ive:i icat.e:u0uvt.npie:c; vpaµµ£c;. nou 
npoo6iopi~ouv tpva icoivou e:v6iacp£povt.oc; oe: 6Ahouc; t.oµe:ic; 
t.nAe:nl.lCOl. VWVl.Wv. 
Et.ov t.oµ£a t.wv ici vnt.c.Jv :a<al. npoowni:a<c.Jv e:ni:a<oi vwvic.Jv, µnope:i va 5o8e:i 
npot.e:pai6t.nt.a ot.nv e:vicat.6ot.aon 5i.e:upwnalicWv 6iict.uwv ~aoioµtvwv oe: 
npoowniK£c; e:nu:oi vwvie:c; 5opucpopl.Knc; ~6oe:wc;;, ne:p1Aaµ~avoµ£vwv t.wv 
ovoµa~oµ£vwv 6opucpopuc.Jv ouot.nµ6t.wv xaµnM1c; ve:wice:vt.punc; t.poxi6c; (LEO). 
Ilpcne:i va Anq>Se:i i5iai t.e:pa un6'1fn n av6vicn va ouv6e:8o\Jv ne:picpe:pe:iaic£c; 
ne:pioxtc; µe: ice:vt.piKtc; ne:pioxtc; t.nc; Eupwnalicnc; 'Evwonc;. H ouve:pvaoia 
µnope:i va e:ne:Kt.a8e:i oe: t.pit.e:c; xWf)e:c; oot.e: va npow0n8o\Jv tpva aµoi~aiou 
e:v5iacp£povt.oc; ot.ov e:v A6vw t.oµta. 
S6 Ilpoice:iµ£vou va npow0n8e:i n av6nt.u~n 6ie:upwnalKWv 61.Kt.uwv, np£ne:i e:nionc;_ 
va 5o0e:i npoooxn ot.nv £K5oon a5e:iwv via µe:llovt.iK6 ouot.nµat.a :ac:i vnt.c.Jv 
e:niKoivwviwv nou txouv 6µe:on e:nint.won ot.nv av6nt.u~n t.£t.oi.ou e:i5ouc; 
6l.1Ct.UWV, lCOt.6 OUVt.OVl.oµtvo t.p6no µe:t.a~u KpOt.Wv µe:AWV Kai.In oe: 1COl.VOt.l.1C6 
e:nine:5o, Aaµ~6vovt.ac; 5e:6vt.wc; un6~n t.a ouµcptpovt.a t.wv Kpat.wv µe:AWv Kai t.a 
ouµcptpovt.a t.wv ucpiot.aµtvwv Kat.6xwv a6e:l.Wv. 
Oi npoowniictc; e:n1Koivwvie:c; 5opucpopiKn<; ~6oe:wc;; anot.e:AoU'V ouyKe:Kpiµtvn 
m::pint.won. 
51 H e:m::~e:pvaoia KOl. VWv 0£oe:wv t.n<; 'Evwonc; Ot..l<; 1C.l vnu~c; 1CO.l npoown11c£c; 
e::n1KOl. vwvie:c; 6oov acpop6 t.ic; t.pi u:c; xWf)e:c; Kol. t.nv 61aocp6A1on npoontAaonc; 
ot.nv avop6 via t.l.<; xWf)e:c; aut.tc; e:ivai anapait.nt.n via t.nv avt.Anon µe:viot.ou 
ocptAouc; Vl.O t.nv EupWr!n, ~nv ~ioµnxavia t.n<; Kl.Vnt.Wv ouot.nµat.wv icai t.ouc; 
cpope:ic; e:icµe:t.CiAAe:uonc;. 
41 
EnµavtiK6 -r.µnµa -r.nc; 5iao~<lhioe:W<; np6o13aonc; o-r.nv avop6 e:ivai n apon -r.wv 
µn 5aoµo.hovnWv e:µno5iwv. Enionc;, n np6o13aon o-r.nv avop6 ea 13e:.h-r.iw0e:i 
µ£ow ouµ~wviwv via -r.nv aµoif3aia avayvt:>pion 5ia5iKaoic.J'1 e:K-r.iµnoe:wc; -r.nc; 
ouµµ6~wonc;. 
Oi ouvtovioµ£ve:c; e£oe:ic; e:ivai e:nionc; anapai-r.n-r.e:c; via ~n-r.npa-r.a nou £xouv 
6pe:on e:nin-r.won o-r.o e:pn6pio o-r.ov e:v .h6vw xt:>po, 6nwc; ~n-r.nµa-r.a nou 
ouv5£ov-r.ai µe: -r.a 5iKaiwpa-r.a nve:upa-r.iKn<; i5ioK-r.noiac;, ne:piopiop6 oi:ic; 
e:;avwy£c; -r.e:xviKwv Kpun-r.ovpa~ionc; Kai 6.h.he:c; e:uaio0ni:e:c; i:e:xvo.hovie:c;. 
SS E~6oov 5e:v £xe:i e:ni -r.e:uxee:i ioo5uvaµn np6oi3aon o-r.nv avopa via -r.pi-r.e:c; 
xWf)e:c;61, n iKav6-r.n-r.a Atnve:wc; µ£-r.pwv 6oov a~opa -r.ic; -r.pi -r.e:c; xt:>pe:c; 5e:v ea 
ne:piopi~e:-r.ai, µe: -r.nv npoUn6ee:on Koivo-r.iKwv 5e:oµe:uoe:wv oe: no.huµe:pn (6nwc; 
o-r.o n.haioio -r.nc; GA1T),n 5iµe:pn {36on. 
Ee: ne:pin-r.ooe:ic; 6nou unapxe:i npoc; i:.o nap6v aouµµe:i:.piKn np6o{3aon o-r.nv 
avop6, n Koivo-r.iKn noAi-r.iKn npcne:i va npow0noe:i e:ve:pva -r.ic; ouve:xit6µe:ve:c; 
no.huµe:pe:ic; 5ianpavµa-r.e:uoe:l.<; Vl.a i:.ic; {3aoiK£<; -r.n.he:niKoivwvie:c;~ OT.O n.haioio 
i:.nc; re:viKnc; Euµ~wviac; Eµnopiou o-r.ov i:.oµ£a -r.wv unnpe:oic.Jv, npoKe:iµ£vou va 
· avoi~e:i n np6o{3aon oe: ;tve:c; avopcc;. 
Ev-r.6c; T.WV opiwv T.WV OXE:T.l.KWV 5ie:evwv 5e:oµe:uoe:wv Kal. T.OU Koivoi:.iKOU 
5iKaiou, npcne:i va vive:i e:K-r.iµnon -r.ou KaT.6 n6oov oi u~ioi:aµe:ve:c; 
avio6i:n-r.e:c; µnopo\Jv va anoKai:ao-r.a0o\Jv oi:o n.haioio i:nc; Koivoi:iKnc; 
voµo0e:oiac;, via nap65e:ivµa, 6oov_ a~opa -r.nv ouµµe:i:.oxn ~opcwv e:Ki:6c; EE oe: 
65e:ie:c; Kivn-r.wv unnpe:oiwv. 
59 H av6n-r.u~n -r.wv Kivn-r.wv e:niKoivwviwv oe: µa~iKn avopa npoowniKc.Jv 
e:niKOl. VWVl.WV ea anal. T.IlOE:l. µ6viµe:c; etoe:ic; OE: ne:piox£c; VE:Vl.KOU 5nµooiou 
ouµ~cpov-r.oc; o-r.ov -r.oµta, npoKe:iµtvou va npoo-r.a-r.e:u0o\Jv i:a e:v A6vw 
ouµ~£pov-r.a, va 5iao~<lhioee:i n ano5oxn an6 -r.o Koiv6 via -r.a v£a ouoi:nµai:a 
Kai -r.ic; unnpe:oie:c; Kai va e:~ao~<lh109e:i o-r.aee:p6 ne:p1{36.h.hov via µe:A.hov-r.iKn 
av6n-r.u~n. 
42 
Ta icupia ~nt.nµa'ta ot.o nAaioio aut.6 acpopoU-v t.nv aoq>6Ae::ia T.WV ouot.nµ6'twv, 
t.nv ao<P6Ae::ia 't.Ou icoi vou, t.nv npoot.aoia t.ou i5imiicou anopp1hou icai T.O 
ne::pl.~OAAOV. 
60 H ao<pOAe::ia T.CJV ouot.nµ6t.wv nAnpocpopic.Jv e::;e::t.6~e::T.al. ye::viic6t.e::pa ot.o nAaioio 
t.ou npoyp6µµat.oc;; 5p6oe::~ t.nc;; Eupwnalicnc;; Koiv6t.nt.ac;; e::ni t.ou 0£µat.oc;; 
aut.ou, t.o onoio 9e::oni~e::'tal. µe:: t.nv an6cpaon 92/242/EOK69 t.ou tuµ~ouAiou. 
Et.o nAaioio t.wv ~aoiicwv anai t.noe::c.uv nou ica0opH~ovt.ai 1:1e:: 'tnv np6"taon 
o5nyia<; t.ou tuµ~ouAiou via t.nv e::cpapµoyn t.nc;; napoxn<; avoiict.ou 5iict.uou 
ot.nv q>c.uvnt.u::n t.nAe::cpwvia, n aocp6Ae::ia T.CJV Ae::l.T.oupyic.Jv t.ou oiict.uou a<pop6 
ioiai'te::pa 'tnv iicav6'tn'ta va 5ia'tnpe::i'tal. e::napic£c; e::nine::5o unnpe::oiWV' icat.6 t.n 
5i6pice::ia ouyice::icpiµ£vc.uv Ka'tao't6oe::wv EKT.aK'tnc; av6vKnc;. 
Ooov a<pop6 t.a ouot.nµat.a icivm::.wv icai npooc.uniicc.Jv e::niico1vwv1c.Jv, 0iyovt.ai 
e::nionc;; ice::VT.p1ic6 ~nt.nµat.a, µe::t.a~u 61V\c.uv, µe:: t.nv icpunt.oyp6cpnon, t.nv 
au0e::VT.l.lCOnoinon, t.nv np6An~n an6'tn<;;, t.nv npoot.aoia t.n<;; Ol.axe::ipionc;; T.OU 
5iict.uou, t.ic;; ~6oe::ic; oe::ooµtvc.uv icai t.ouc;; cpope::ic;; napoxnc;; unnpe::oiWV'. 
H npoo'taoia 'tn<;; e::µniot.e::u'tl.K6T.~t.ac; 'tWV e::niico1vwv1wv icai n 0£onion aocpaAWV' 
oiaOl.l<:aoiWV' via 'tnv 51axe::ip1on 5e::5oµ£vwv nou acpopoU-v t.ouc;; ouv5poµnu~c; 
Kai 'tl.<; KAnoe:ic; e::E;e::t.6~ovt.a1 ot.o nAaioio 'tn<; npoot.aoiac;; t.ou i5ic.ut.i.Kou 
anoppnT.OU Kal. T.WV npoownl.KWV Oe:5oµ£vwv. 
61 1\A'Ao ~nt.nµa anot.e:Ae:i n uye::ia icai aocp6Ae::1a oe:: ox£on µe: t.ouc;; n16avouc; 
Kiv56vouc; via 'tnv uve::ia an6 £ic6e::on oe:: nA£K'tpoµavvnt.1icn aict.ivo~oAia Kai 
6oov a<pop6 'tl.<; nAe::K'tpoµayvn'tl.KE<; nape::µ~oA£c;70. 
Ilp£ne::i va 'te::6e::i oe:: icivnon £va e::K'ta'te::µ£vo np6vpaµµa 5p6oe::wc;, µe: oicon6 t.nv 
e:ni t.axuvon 'tn<; e::icn6vnonc; t.wv anapa1 t.nt.wv npot.unwv aocpaAe::iac;, icaec:x; icai 
t.nv napoxn ica0o5nvnonc; ot.ov t.oµ£a aut.6. 
Au't.6 µnope::i va Q(popa i5iwc; t.nv t.axe:ia e:icn6vnon nave::upwnaYKwv npot.unwv 
OX£'tl.K6 µe:: 'tl.t;; 0e::pµl.KE<; e::n1n'tooe:1c; t.n<; CKT.l. VO~OAiac;, ouµcpwva µe: t.nv 
69 AIJ6900n 'tOU Z~UAioU 'tnc;: Jlnc;: Mclp'tiOU 1992 O'tOV 'tOl.lta 'tnc;: QD96>.CJ.CV: 'ti.IV OUO'tnp(m.rv n>.npo.,pi.Wv (92/242/IOK• II Ll23/19, 
8. 5. 92). &Atnc npoocJU\ n¢o1vn BiJAo 'tft!;; Bm:tpom\c;: Vl.0 'tDV aoqi6Ana 'tc.N OUO'tnpd'tWV ~pl.Wv. 
7 0 iu.. na¢&>uwa a, 't~a a. 
43 
e:v-r.oAn nou ouµcpwvn0mce: µe: -r.nv CEN-CENELEC o-r.ov -r.oµta aU"t6. Ilptne:i. 
e:nionc; va ne:piA.aµ~ave:i. t.nv npoe:-r.oiµaoia npovpaµµa-r.oc; e:pvaoiac; vi.a t.nv 
e:Kt.iµnon t.wv 5paot.npiot.n-r.wv Kai t.n<; tpe:uvac; nou aq>op6 t.l.<; ovoµat6µe:ve:c; 
a9e:pµl.lctc; e:nint.ooe:i.c; Kai -r.nv avan-r.u;n oxe:-r.11C<.:Jv e:up<.tJnalK<.:Jv npo-r.ui:iwv, 
1Ca0W<; Kai -r.nv napaKoA.ou0non t.ou 6uvn-r.1Kou npo~Anµa-r.oc; nAe:K-r.poµayvn-r.1Kn<; 
ouµ~a-r.6-r.n-r.ac; µe: OAAo nAe:K-r.p1K6 e:;onA.10µ6, 6nwc; ouoKe:utc; ~apnKoiac;, 
~nµa-r.o56t.e:c; Kap616c;, aU"t6µa-r.a ouot.nµa-r.a ne:5noe:wc; aU"toK1 vn-r.wv (ABS) Kai 
KaA<..>61CKQ O\JOt.nµa"ta. 
~e:5oµ£vnc; t.nc; 5uoxtpe:iac; Ka"taAn;e:wc; oe: ouyKe:1Cp1µtva anot.e:A.toµa-r.a oxe:t.1K6 
µe: ni9av6 aee:pµi.K6 cpaiv6µe:va ~paxunp6ee:oµa, n xaµnA.n e:Knoµnn ioxuoc; -r.wv 
ouo1Ce:u<Jv, i5iwc;; via e:;onA.10µ6 xe:ip6c;, nptm::i va ano-r.e:A.toe:i onµav-r.1K6 
KPJ. -r.npio ot.nv µe:llov-r.iKn avan-r.u;n npo-r.unwv, o-r.ov oxe:5iaoµ6 ouo-r.nµ6-r.wv 
!Cal. O"tnv avant.u~n ouo-r.nµ6t.wv. Aut.6 ea ~onenoe:l. -r.nv µe:~won "tn<; 0\JVOAl.Knc; 
tK0e:onc; oe: nA.e:K-r.poµayvnt.iKn aKt.ivo~oA.ia. 
E-r.o nAaioio t.nc; uye:iac; KOJ. -r.nc; aocp6Ae:iac;, anai -r.e:i -r.ai OUV"tovioµtvn 
npootyyion µe:t.a~u µ£t.pwv nou ee:oni~ov-r.ai ~6oe:1 -r.ou 6p0pou IOOA !Cal. 
µ£t.pwv ~aoe:i -r.ou 6p8pou 118A, npo1Ce:iµtvou va Ka0io-r.a-r.ai 5uvat.n n 
e:A.tuee:pn 5J.aKivnon e:µnope:uµa-r.wv, 5ia-r.npWv-tac; nap6AAnAa -r.o 5iKaiwµa -r.wv 
1Cpa-r.<Jv µe:AWv va ee:oni~ouv µct.pa nou ne:piopitouv -r.nv xpnon -r.£-r.oiou e:i5ouc; 
e:µnope:uµ6-r.wv, npo1Ce:1µ£vou va npoot.at.e:uouv -r.nv aoq>6Ae:ia -r.wv e:pva~oµtvwv. 
62 Oaov 0<pop6 -r.a ~n-r.nµa-r.a 'tou ne:p1~6AA.ov-r.oc;, n an6 Koivou xpnon -r.onoee:oiC:,V 
!Cal. uno5oµWv ea anot.£ACO£l. au~av6µe:vn anait.non VJ.a 'tOV µe:iwon "tWV 
e:nin-r.ooe:wv o-r.o ne:pi~OAAov. 
Ilp£ne::1 va e:ni -r.ptm::-r.ai n an6 Kol. vou xpnon uno5oµnc; Kai -r.onoee:oi.Wv. Ee: 
m::pin'twon . nou -r.o anai -r.oliv avw-r._e:poi A.6vo1 ne::pi~allov-r.iKnc; noA.1 -r.1Knc; n 
xwpo'ta;iac;, np£ne:i va npo~A.£nov-r.a1 · unoxpe::ooe::ic; via -r.ouc; cpope::ic; 
e:Kµe:-r.OAAe::uonc; Kl. vn-r.wv 5J.K'tuwv va ouvan-r.ouv ouµcpwvie:c; Ko1 vnc; xpnoe::wc;, µe: 
-r.nv npoUn69e:on -r.nc; apxnc; -r.nc; avaAovia~. 
63 Ke::v"tpl.K6 xapaK'tnp1ot.J.K6 via "tn 51aocp6A1on t.O\J lCOl.VOU OXE:"t11CQ µe: t.l.<; 
pE:AAOV"tl.Ktc; Kl.VO'tC<; Kal. npOOWilJ.Ktc; e:nJ.KOl.VWVie:c; ea £iVaJ. n npoot.aoia t.O\J 
i51wt.1Kou anoppnt.ou Kai t.wv npoown1KWv 5e:5oµtvwv. 
44 
~e:6oµ£vou 6t.l. Ol. µ&AAOV"tl.KC<; unnpe:oie:c;; npoownl.KWV e:nl.lCOl.VWVl.Wv 0a 
ouv6u6~ouv unnpe:oi£c;; µtow icivnt.Wv icai ot.a0e:f>Wv 61ict.uwv, t.a np6~Anµa aut.6 
riptne:i va e:~e:t.ao0e:i Kat.6 ve:viic6 t.p6no. 
H npot.e:i v6µe:vn re:vucn 06nvia via . t.nv npoo'taoia t.ou i61wt.1icou anoppnt.ou 
icai n npot.e:i v6µe:vn E16l.1Cn 06nvia71 ea c;ct.a~e:i nolla an6 t.a m.eava 
npo~Anµat.a ot.9 xwpo aut.6. 
Ile:pai t.£pw, t.o ~nt.nµa t.nc; npoot.aoiac;; t.wv npoowniicWV' 6e:6oµfvwv icai t.nc; 
npoot.aoiac;; t.ou 161<.Jtiicou anoppnt.ou nptne:i va anot.e:Atoouv icupiouc; 
napavovu.:c; ot.nv µe:AAovt.iicn av6nt.u~n npot.unCA>V ot.ov t.oµ£a, 6oov acpop6, 
i5iwc;, t.nv t.npnon ouve:nouc; npoo£yyionc;;, oe: oxton µe: t.nv e:~tAi~n t.wv 
npoowniicW\7 e:niicoivCA>Viwv72 
IV ZHTHMATA neot YilOBOAH IlAPATHPHEEON 
H e:icnovn0e:ioa avo.Auon, ica0Wc; icai 01 an6~cic;; icai 01 unoxpe:Wocic;; ~aoe:i t.nc;; 
tuvenicnc;; nou avan'tuooovt.ai o5nvo6v oc µia oe:ipa npot.6oe:wv, 01 onoie:c;; cpaivovt.ai 
anapait.nt.cc;; via t.n 61aocp6Aion t.nc; nAnpouc;; avant.u~cwc; t.ou t.oµfa. 
avant.uooovt.ai icat.wt.£pw icai Kat.at.i0e:vt.ai npoc;; uno~oAI'l napat.npnoe:wv. 
IV.1 Oi icupicc; anapait.nu:c; aAAavtc;; 
o t.oµtac;; Kl. vnt.wv e:n1ico1 vwviwv t.nc;; EupwnaYKnc;; 'Evwonc;; µnope:i va npoxwpnoe:i 
an6 etoe:wc; ioxuoc;;. H EupWnn £xe:i Kat.aot.e:i navic6oµioc; npwt.on6poc; t.e:xvoAoviac;; 
KOl. txci e:nit.uxe:i ot.nv npootAicuon onµavt.l.KWv 5nµooiwv icai i61wt.l.KWv 
OOt.600, o t.oµtac;; ~pioicct.ai t.c.Jpa oc 
icpioiµo onµcio, ot.o µct.aixµio npoc; t.n µe:t.6,l3aon an6 av<lAoyiic£c; oe: ~q>l.aic£c; 
t.e:xvoAoyie:c; Kai an6 napayov"ta m:piopioµ£vou >>~ou oe: napayovta µa~l.Kfl<; 
ayop6c;. npoKciµtvou va xpno1µono1n8e:i nAnpwc;; -c.o 6uvaµiic6 icai va 6o0e:i n· 
5uvat.6r.nt.a ot.ouc; noAiu:c;;, o'tn {31oµnxavia, o"touc; 1::ne:v6ut.£c; icai ot.nv oiicovoµia 
t.nc; EupWnnc; ot.o o6voA6 'tnc; va avt.Afloouv 'ta ocp£1'.n, nptne:i 'tWpa va 5o0e:i n 
5uva"t6t.nt.a ot.i.c;; avop£c; icivnt.W'V ouot.nµ6t.CA>V va avan"tux0o6v. 
71 Tponono.i~tvn 11£)6'taon o6nvia19 'tou :EU],IJOuAiou v1a tnv npootaoia twv l.61W'twv 6oov <MIO¢ 'tnv a:na:ic~ia ~ &c&oiat""1V SG.1 
'tftV a:Aa:08cpn O.iaaivnon QU'tWV 'tWV &c6opt""1V, (92/422/BOK· 15.12.92 )n ra:v.ia6 o&nyia y.ia tnv npocnaoia 'tOU 1&1W't1S00 ano~6'tOU( 
aa1 n n&JOOCJl6C 'tponono1ft'1tvn ~taon o6nyia~ nou Glf0¢ 'tnv npocnao1a 'tou 16i.wt1aoO anoppl\'tou aa.i &a:&oiaiYWY ato nM11a10 UH 
yncp.iaagy &i.atOwv tnAa:n.iao1vwvl.Wv, l.6.iaitcpa a'to \lft91GS6 &iatuo oAoaAnp.lpt'llWV unnpa:al.Wv (ISON) XG.1 O'ta WQ91Gll4 a1vnt6 &ia'tua 
(npo19 ~oaia:von). r.ia ncpautpw cit'taon twv tntft'14'twv aU'tWv, ~A. ~'tft'10 A, 'tpf-.aa 5. 
7 2 AU't6 nptnc.i VQ ncpiAa&aJcivc.i 'tDV a:Utaon AOacwv SQ't~V Vl.Q 'tftV anpd llQl. 'ta xapalt'tnpl.O't1X6 'ti.IV VCOC}MJQVl.~Opt""1V unnpa:aJ.Wv, 
.i&iwc; 6oov GIJO¢ tnv uxvuti 'tOU't6tnta/anautiac1c v1a tnv CM.IV\lpia. 
t.a ucpiot.6pe:va e:pn66ia: 73 np£ne:i va 6iaocpC1Aio0e:i n e:l\.e:u0e:pia xpnoe:c...x; icai 
napoxn~ unnpe:oiC:W, np£ne:i va aicol\.ou0n0o\Jv t.a np6t.una t.wv oiicovopiC:W icl\.ipaico~ 
icai ne:6iou nou 6ia0£t.ouv 01 avt.avwviot.£~ t.n~ EupWI1n~ icai np£ne:i va avoix0e:i 
pOKponp60e:opn npoont.iicn. Baoe:i t.n~ avC1Auoe:Wc; t.n~ icai t.wv avc.Jt£pw an6~e:wv, n 
Enit.ponn 0e:wpe:i 6t.1 ana1t.o\Jvt.a1 n£vt.e: pe:v6Ae:~ aAAav£~ npoice:iµ£vou va ap0o\Jv 
t.a e:µn66ia ot.nv ne:pait.£pw av6nt.u;n: 
1 icat.6pynon t.WV anOlCAE:l.Ot.l.lCC:W lCOl. e:161icC:W 61ica1wµ6t.wv nou C~01COA0\100Uv 
va napap£vouv ot.ov t.op£a, pe: t.nv npoUn60e:on, 6nou aUt.6 civai 
anapait.nt.o, t.n~ 6npioupvia~ icat.aAAr\Awv npoUno0£ocwv e:ic66oe:c...x; a6e:iC:W· 
2 apon 6Awv t.WV ne:p1op1opWv ot.nv napoxn Kl. vnt.C:W unnpe:oi.C:W, t.600 via 
ave~apt.nt.ou~ cpope:i~ napoxn~ unnpe:oiC:W 600 icai via t.nv apcon napoxn 
unnpe:oiC:W an6 cpope:i~ e:icµe:t.6AAe:uon~ icivnt.C:W 6iict.uwv. 
AUt.6 np£ne:1 va ne:pil\.ap~ave:i t.nv e:l\.e:u0e:pia npoocpop6~ ouv6uaoµou 
unnpe:oiC:W, nou nap£xovt.ai .~aoe:i 6iacpope:t.iicC:W a6e:iC:W, ica0Wc; icai t.nv 
6uvat.6t.nt.a va nap£xovt.ai unnpe:oie:~ oe: 6iacpope:t.iica icp6t.n ptl\.n icai t.nv 
6pon ucpiot.ap£vwv ne:piopiopC:W oot.e: va e:;aocpC1Ail;e:t.ai n np6o~aon i:wv 
xpnot.C:W oe: out.£~ t.i~ unnpe:oie:~· 
3 nAr\pn~ e:l\.e:u0e:pia ot.ou~ cpope:i~ e:icpe:t.6AAe:uon~ icivnt.C:W 6iict.uwv va 
l\.e:i t.oupvoliv icai va avant.uooouv t.a 6iict.u6 t.ou~ via t.ov oicon6 t.wv 
6paot.npl.Ot.0t.WV nou npO~AEOOVt.01 Ot.nV 66£10 t.OU~ fl Ot.nV £~0l10l.066t.non 
t.OU~. 
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npo~ xpnon icat.6 t.nv 6ie:~avwvn t.wv 6paot.npiot.nt.wv aut.C:W n t.o 61icaiwµa 
xpnoe:c...x; uno6opn~ t.pi t.wv via t.o oicon6 aUt.6, ica0Wc; icai t.o 61icaiwpa 
icoivnc; xpnoe:c...x; uno6opflc;· 
4 ane:p16p1ot.n ouv~uaop£vn npoocpopa unnpe:oiC:W pfow t.wv ot.a0e:¢v icai 
icivnt.Wv ~1.Kt.uwv, e:vt.6<; t.ou ouvoA.iicou xpovo~iavpappat.o~ nou 
npo~A.£ne:t.ai. ot.o ~cpiopa 93/C213/0l t.n~ Eup~ouA.iou t.nc; 22a~ IouA.iou 1993 
via "tnv nAnpn e:Ae:u0£pwon "tWV 5nµooiwv ,wvn"tl.KWv unnpe:oiW'V µ£ow "tou 
o-r.a0e:pou 6iic"tuou· 
VJ.a "tOU<; ,ope:i~ E:KpE:"tOAAE:UOn<; lCJ.Vn"tWv OUO"tnµ6"tWV n "tOU<; ave:~ap"tn"tOU<; 
,ope:ic; napoxnc; unnpe:oi<Jv, alTt.6 ouve:n6ve:-r.ai -r.o 6iicaiwµa va uno~61V\ouv 
npo~op£c; via 66e:ie:c; µe:"tanWAnonc; "tWV O"ta0e:pW'V 61.K"tUWV, Ka0Wc; Kal. "tnV 
6pon 6"Awv "tWV u,io"tap£VWV ne:pl.Opl.OpWv e:io66ou via "tOU<; ,opcic; 
£Kµe:-r.61V\e:uonc; Kl.Vn"tcJv 5iK"tUWV O"tl.<; avop£c; Kl.VIl"tWV OUO"tnµa-r.wv, µe: -r.nv 
npoOn60e:on µ6vo "tnc; nAnpouc;: e:,apµoyn~ "tWV icav6vwv av"tayc.Nioµou "tn~ 
tuv0nicnc;, 15iwc;, "tOU Kavovioµou 89/4064/EOK "tOU tuµ~ouldou Vl.Q "tOV 
£Ae:vxo -r.wv ouyice:v-r.p<:>oe:wv74icai -r.wv 6ia-r.6~e:<A>V -r.wv icav6vwv av-r.avwvioµou 
"tn<;: tuv0nicnc; OX£"tl.K6 pe: "tnV KO"t6xpnon 5e:onoU~OUOWv 0£oe:wv. 
S 5ie:uic6Auvon -r.nc; nave:upwnaYicnc; Ae:i-r.oupviac; icai -r.nc; napoxnc; unnpe:oiW'V. 
Au-r.6 nptne:i va ne:pl.Aaµf36ve:i ne:pai -r.tpw av6n-r.u~n -r.nc; aµoif3aiac; 
avayvwpionc;; -r.n<; e:vicpioe:wc; uinou -r.ou icivn-r.ou -r.e:pµa-r.iicou e:E;onAioµou, 
icaec:x; icai OUV"t0Vl.0µ6 "tWV 6ia5u::aOl.Wv via "tnV CK5oon Kal. £KXWpnon 
a6e:iW'V, 6nou au"t6 e:ivai oic6ni.µo npoice:i.µtvou va 6ie:uicoAU've:-r.ai n 
av6n"tu~n 5ie:upwnaYicW'V 5iic"tuwv. 
o ouv5uaoµ6c;; -r.wv ntv-r.e: au"twv µe:-r.af3oAwv 5iao~aAi~e:i ouoiao-r.iicn e:ni-r.6xuvon -r.nc; 
avan-r.u;e:wc; -r.n<; avop6c; ici vn-r.wv e:niicoi vwviW'V -r.nc;: EupwnaYic:nc; 'Evwonc; icai w8e:i 
-r.nv np6o5o npoc; npayµa-r.i.ictc; npoowniictc; e:niicoivwvie:c;:, ~aoioµcve:c; oe: 
ouv~uaoµ6 KaAw<5iaicwv icai aoupµa-r.wv unnpe:oiW'V, 6nou n avop6 e:ivai o -r.e:Aiic6c;; 
icpi-r.nc; -r.n<; ioopponiac; µe:-r.a~u -r.wv ~uo. H npootvvion au-r.n ea npoe:-r.01µ6oe:1 -r.nv 
EupwnaYicn 'Evwon via oµaAn µe:-r.6f3aon µe: icpi-r.npia avop6c; o-r.a µe:AAov-r.iic6 
ouo-r.nµa-r.a v£viicwv ici vn-r.W'V -r.nAe:m.icoi. vwvi.wv. Tc-r.oi.ou e:i5ouc; ouo"tnµa"ta ea 
ano-r.e:Atoouv "tnv "te:Aiicn ~6on via npoowni.ictc;: e:niicoivwvie:c; -r.600 o"te:vnc; 600 icai 
Kal. e:upe:ia<; ~wvn<; Kal. Ka"t6 ouv£ne:1a Vl.O "tO OUvOAO "tOU "tOpCa "tnACnl.KOl.VWViWv 
"tn<; 'Evwon<;; Kai Sa ouv5u6~0UV 1Cl.Vn"tl.K6"tn"ta µe: e:~apµov£<; ~wvnc;:, 5e:5oµ£vwv Kai 
nollanAWv µtowv. 
IV.2 Dpo-r.ci v6pcve:c; 0£oe:ic; 
74 Kavov1op6(; 4064/89 'tOU :&"'1JouAiou 'tilt: 2lni: AeupJpiou 1989 vi.a 'tov tAcvxo 'tc.N O\l'fHV'tpWoewv pnatO t:IUJIC1'>6o£WV, I& L395/1, 
30. 12. 89. 
47 
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anO"t£A£i cnc1naon "t.WV apXWv "tn<; unapxouoac; nOAl. "tl.Knc; "tnA£nu:o1 VWVl.Wv t.nc; 
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apx£c; "tnc;. 61acp6vc1ac;, "tnc; 106"tn"tac; icai "tnc; avaAoviac;. 
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e:upu KOl.V6· 
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icA.e:io"ttc; oµ65e:c; xpno"twv (oi ovoµat6µe:ve:c; 161w"t1iccc; Kl. vn"tcc; 
pa61oe:niKOl.VWVi£c;)•KQl. 
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H apxn "tnc; avaAoviac; anai"tci onµav"tiK6 "tµnµa"ta 5nµ6oiac; pu0µionc; va 
rn:p1opi~ov"ta1 µ6vo o"to Kl.vn"t.6 £K£iva ouo"tnµa"ta nou napcxouv unnpcoicc; o"to 
e:upu Koi v6. Ta i5iw"tiK6 Kivn"t.6 ouo"tnµa"ta 5e:v npcne:i va un6ice:iv"tai oe: 
onoiouo5nno"te: ne:piopioµouc;, e:K"t.6<;; an6 £Ke:ivouc; nou ioxuouV npoc; "to nap6v via 
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o"ta0cpou 5iK"t.Uou µe: "tnv 5uva"t6"tn"ta np6o0£"t.WV "toµe:aicc.Jv e:161icW'1 npoo"ta"te:ui:iicc.Jv 
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61ao~aAi~£"t.Ol. n an65oon "tnc; ouxv6"tn"tac;. 
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tn"tnµ6"twv api0µo56"tnonc;, Kai 
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navcupwnaIKc.J\.r unnpcoi~ Kai i:.nc; i:.I'lpnonc; i:.wv Kav6v"'1v avi:.aywvioµoo i:.nc; 
Euv01'1Kn<;. ncpi ypaq>ovi:.ai oi:.nv EiK6va 1. 
va ~nµ1oupyn8oliv o&. cnin&Oo Eup<A>llaIKI'l<; Koiv6i:.ni:.oc; 
£q>appovnc; i:.wv etocwv aui:.c.Jv. 
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µ£yioi:.o 6q>cAoc; an6 i:.ic; npoi:.aocic; aui:.£c;. 
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"tnv .he:i"toupyia ouo"tnµa"twv icivn"tc.Jv e:niicoivwvic.Jv. 
Anoic.he:i.o"ti.ic6 5iicaiwµa unapxe::i e:ice::i 6nou n unnpe:oia napaxwpe::i"tal. an6 "to 
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napaxwpe:i OE: µfa Il ne:pl.006"te:pe::<; an6 OU"t£<; £va µ6Vl.}:10 J.51.0i"te::po nAE:OV£K"tnµa, 
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2 Oi npoOno0£oe::ic; e:ic56oe::wc; a5e::iwv via ouo"tnµa"ta icivn"tc.Jv e::niKoivwvic.Jv nptne::1 va 
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5iaK ioe::ic; icai va "tnpouv "tnv apxn "tn<; ava.hoyiac;. 
50 
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xpnon pabioouxvot.nt.wv). 
Oi. npoUnoetoe::ic; e::K66oe::wc; a~e::ic.Jv be::v nptne::i va ne::pitxouv npoOno0toe::ic; 
5iacpope::t.iKtc; an6 e::Ke::ive::c; nou ~l.Kaioltoyo\Jvt.ai ouµq>WVa µe:: t.ic; !'aoiK£<; 
anai t.noe::ic; Kai, ot.nv ne::pint.won ouot.nµ6t.wv nou npoopi~ovt.ai. via xpnon t.ou 
e::uptwc; Koivou, anai.t.noe::i.c; 5nµooiwv unnpe::oic.Jv un6 µopcpn e::µnopiKW'V Kavovioµc.Jv. 
3 Oi ~aou:tc; anai 't.Ooe:ic; nou .Aaµ!'6vovt.ai un6'.l'Il nptm;i va ne::piopi~oVT.al. oe:: 
e::Ke::ive::c; 01 onoie::c; Ka0opi~ovt.ai ot.nv 
OEmyia 90/388/EOK 7St.nc; Em. -r.ponnc; Kai o5nyia 90/387/EOK76-r.ou Euµ13ou.Aiou, i<aec:x; 
Kai. ot.nv 05nyia 88/301/EOK77t.nc; Ennponnc; Kai. o5nyia 91/263/EoK78.79t.ou Euµ13ou.Aiou 
Aut.£c; acpopoU'v i.5i.ait.e:pa t.nv anot. e:.Ae::oµat. u:n xpnon 'tOU cpaoµat. oc; 
pa5i.oouxvo-r.nt.wv Kai -r.i.c; anai.t.noe::i.c; n.Ae::Kt.poµayvnt.i.Knc; ouµ13at.6t.n-r.ac;, icaec:x; icai. 
t.nv aocp6Ae::i.a t.nc; .Ae::i.-r.oupyiac; t.ou 51.Kt.uou, t.nv ouv-r.npnon t.nc; aice::pai.6t.n-r.ac; t.ou 
bi.Kt.uou, t.n bia.Ae::it.oupyi.K6t.nt.a t.wv unnpe::oi.wv oe:: biKai.o.Aoynµtve::c; ne::pi.nt.Woe::i.c;, 
t.nv npoot.aoia 5e:5oµ£vwv oe:: bi.Kaio.Aoynµtve::c; ne::pint.Woe::ic; i<ai t.nv aa<p6Ae::ia t.ou 
xpnot.n Ka9Wc; Kai t.nv aocp6Ae::i.a t.wv una.A.An.Awv. 
4 Oi. npoOno8£oe::ic; nou !)aoi~ovt.ai. oe:: anai t.noe::ic; 5nµooiwv unnpe::oic.Jv un6 µopcpn 
e::µnopiKwv Kavovioµwv nptne::i va e::ivai µ6vo e::i<e::ive::c; nou Ka8opi~ovt.ai np6ocpat.a 
ot.nv obnyia 90/388/EOK t.nc; Eni t.ponnc; via ouoT.nµat.a nou npoopi~ovt.ai via xpnon 
an6 t.o e::upu icoi v6. 
7 5 06nyia 'tnc; &nu."°nilc 'tnC 28nc; Iouviou via 'tov OV'tavwvio"6 O'tl.C avoptc 'tnA£ru.11:oivwvi011tWv ~ol.Wv ( 90/388/SOK• U 1'2/10, 
24. 7. 90) 
76 06nvia 'tou :Z~jloW.iou 'tnc; 28nc Iouviou 1990 via 'tnv eton1on 'tnC £ou'tcpu:nc avopdc; 'tnAcnuoi"'-'Vl.CU:Wv unnoeoJ.Wv ptow 'tDC 
£fllOPllOVOC 'tDC napoxnc QVOlX'tOO Olll:'tOoU (90/387/l!iOI(• SB L192/1, 24.7.!K)), 
77 06nvio 'tnc snuponnc 't~ 16nc; Ha1ou 1988 vi.a 'tov avtaywvi°"6 o'tl.C oyoptc; 'tM£n111:01vwv1C111to6 'tcwau.11:06 ctonA1°"06 (88/301/aoK· 
U Llll/73, 21. 5. 88) 
7 8 OOny1o 'tou l""ftouAiou 'tnC 29nc AIJ&>l.Aiou 1'91 yio 'tnv npoatyyion 'tWV vopo8£ol.Wv 'tWV x~'tWv p£N.N oxe't1.1:6 pc 'tOV 
'tnAcn111:01vwvi011t6 uwa'tl.11:6 cto11A1°"6 m:pl.A°"Povoptvnc 'tnc °"01Jaiac ava~1onc 'tDC ouwa6Pfl.J01"1C 'tou ( 91 ( 263/EOK• U L128/ 1, 
23. 5. 91) 
79 AU't6 nc:pl.Aa}llk\VCl. 'tnv cnt1naon '!;WV ~ny.J.Wv a\11:c.:rv O'!;OV &opu90pix6 "ollta, o onoiot; txei ~con axion iac 'ta s1vn't6 oucn~a'l:a 
&opU90p1xtic J6o£41C. BA. 16i.f.lc o6nvia 'tou :ZupJouAiou 'tnc 29nc 01rn~piou 1993 v10 'tnv oup~n 't~ o6nvioc 91/263/IOK 6oov 
QlfOpd 'tOV £tonA1opd £D1VU.WV Oop1190puWv O'tQ~ ( 93/97 /IWK· BB L 2'°/01, 24. 11. 93) vi.a nopoxn unnpcoJ.Wv. 
51 
Al.Tt.tc;: apopoliv npottno0toeic;; µoviµ6't.m.ac;;, 6ia0ecnµ6t.m.ac;; Kai noi.6t.nt.ac;; t.nc;; 
unnpeoiac;;. H npoot.aoia t.nc;; µovi.µ6t.nt.ac;;, t.nc;: 6ia0eoiµ6t.nt.ac;: Kai t.nc;: noi6t.nt.ac;: 
t.nc;; unnpeoiac;: µnope:i va ouve:n6ye:t.ai EKnAnpwon npoUnoetoewv nou oxe:t.itovt.ai 
µe t.nv t.EXVl.Kn apµo6i.6t.nt.a Kai t.ouc; oi.Kovoµi.Kouc;: n6pouc;: t.ou Kat.6xou t.nc;: 
66eiac;:. 
5 tuot.nµat.a nou 6e:v npoopitovt.ai va xpnoiµonoin0oliv an6 t.o eupu Koiv6 
(i6iait.Epa t.a ovoµat6µe:va i6i.wt.l.K6 ouot.nµat.a Kl.vnt.w pa6ieni.Koivwviw, nou 
xpnoiµonoiolivt.ai an6 KAEiot.tc;; oµ66ec;; xpnot.w)nptnei va un6K£l.Vt.al. µ6vo ot.i.c;: 
npoUno0toeic;: e:Ke:ive:c;: nou anopptouv an6 t.i.c;: ~aoi.Ktc;: anal. t.noe::ic;:, i6iwc;:, t.nv 
anot.e:Aeoµat.iKn xpnon t.wv ouxvot.nt.wv Kai t.nv nAEKt.poµayvnt.i.Kn ouµ~at.6t.nt.a. 
6 IlpoKei.µtvou va npow0n0ei n Kaivot.oµia t.wv ouot.nµ6t.wv Kai t.wv unnpe::oiw Kai 
va 6iaoq><lAiot.e:i i.6iait.e:pa n anot.eAe:oµat.iKn xpnon t.wv ouxvot.nt.wv, n 6i.6pKe::ia 
.t.wv a6e::iw nptne:i va ~aoite::t.ai ot.nv ne::pio6o nou anait.£it.ai via t.nv 
anonAnpwµfl t.nc;: e::ntv6uonc;: un6 Aoyi.Kouc; 6pouc;:. 
7 oi 66e::ie:c;: 6e:v nptne:i va ne:pi.Aaµ~6vouv npoUno0toeic;: nou ne::piopitouv t.nv 
l.6l.OKt.noia an6 6t.oµa £0Vl.K6t.nt.ac;: t.WV Kpat.Wv µ£AW n t.OU EupwnalKOU 
Ol.Kovoµi.Kou Xc.Jpou (EOX) n an6 e::nixe:ipnoe::ic;: nou e:AtyxoVT.ai. an6 noAit.e::c;: 
£0Vl.K6t.nt.ac;: t.WV Kpat.W\1 µe:AW n t.ou EOX. 
Me: t.nv npoUn60e:on t.wv 6e:oµe:uoe:wv t.nc;: EupwnalKnc;: Koiv6t.nt.ac;: nou txouv 
avaAncp0e:i oe: noAuµe:pn n 6iµe:pn ~6on oi 66e:ie:c;: µnopow va ne::piAaµ~6vouv 
ne:piopioµouc;: nou ano01c:ono\Jv ot.n 6iaocp6Aion 1006\ivaµnc;: np6o~aonc;: oe: t.pi t.e:c; 
xc.Jpe:c;:, oe: e:nine6o Eupwna!Knc;: 'Evwonc;:. 
8 Oi e:Kxwpnoeic; a6e:iwv nptnei va ~aoitovt.ai oe: avoiKt.tc;, io6t.iµe::c; Kai 
6l.aq>OV£i<; 6ia6l.KCOie:c;. 
9 Ee: ne:pint.ooe:ic; 6nou e:m.~6AAe:t.ai an6 opioµ£va Kp6t.n µtAI1 ne:piopioµ6c; ot.ov 
api.0µ6 t.wv a6e:iwv nou np6Ke:l. t.ai va e:K6o0ow, t.£t.oiou e::i6ouc; ne::piopioµ6c; 
nptne:i va ~aoi~e:i:.ai oi:.ic; i3aoiK£c; anai i:.noe:ic;, 6nwc;: n ano6oi:.iKn xpnon i:.wv 
ouxvot.nt.wv Kai/n npoUno0£oe:ic; e:µnopiKw KavovioµC.:W KOl. nptn£i va e:ivai 
ouve:ne:ic;: npoc; t.ouc; Kav6ve:c; avt.aywvioµou t.nc; ouv0nKnc;. 
52 
Onoioo!>onou; ne;piopioµ6c; np£m:i va t.npe:i t.nv apxo t.nc; av<lAoviac;; 
cni~6AAov-r.ac; i:.nv Al.V6t.e:po ne;piopiot.iKo A6on icai 51vovt.ac; npot.cpai6t.nt.a ot.nv 
avt.avwviot.l.KO napoxo. 
10 Onoia!>onot.e; µ£0o!>oc; xpno1µono1e:it.a1 via t.nv £1CXWpnon a!>e:iC:W -
~6oe;i oe:ip6c; ai i:.ooe:wc;, ouyKpi t.u6c; nAe:io!>oi:.:uc6c; 5iavwvioµ6c;, a6c10!>6t.non 
icMpwon -n 
µ£0o!>oc; np£ne;i va e:niA£Ve:t.ai Kai va e;~apµ6~e:t.ai Kat.6 t.p6nov C:X,t.c n t.CAl.KO 
e;niAovo va npoo~tpe:i µtviot.e:c; £yyuooe:ic; 6oov a<pop6 t.nv nMpn c~apµoyn t.wv 
~aoiKC:W anai t.ooe:wv Kai va !>iaa<p<lAite:i t.nv e:ni u:u~n t.wv oKonWv t.wv t.ux6v 
anai t.noe;wv !>nµooiwv unnpe;oiwv un6 µo~n cµnopiKw Kavovioµw. H cK6ot.ot.c 
npot.epai6t.nt.a np£ne;i va µe;yiot.opoie;i t.a oq>tAn via t.ouc; xpoot.e:c; (161ait.cpa, 
6oov a<pop6 i:.nv t.iµo Kai t.nv K6A\J\1Il). 
11 H ot.opi~n oe:: nAe::l.ot.npiaoµouc; !>e:v nptm:i va o!>nve:i oc uncp~oAiictc; 
e:ni~ap\Jvoe;ic; t.OU 6nµ6oiou npoOnoAOVl.OJ:lOU 0 via 6Ahouc; A6vouc; Cl.<; ~6poc; t.WV 
XOJ:lnAWv t.E:AWv via t.ouc; Xpooi:.e;c;. 
Oi KAnf)Woe:ic; !>e:v cpaivovi:.ai va e;yyut:>vi:.ai i:.nv e;nii:.e:u;n i:.wv icpit.npiwv nou 
ne:pivp~ovi:.ai oi:.o onµcio 10, 161aii:.e:pa, 6oov a<pop6 i:.nv ano6ot.1Ko xpoon 
ouxvot.ot.wv, i:.nv i:.e:xvil<o apµo!>i6t.nt.a icai t.ouc; 01Kovoµ1Kouc; n6pouc;. 
12 H apxo t.nc; nAopouc; aµoi~aiac; avavvc:>pionc; a!>e;it:>v nptne;i va e:cpapµ6te:t.ai 6not.e: 
aui:.6 ioxue::i, i!>iait.e:pa, oi:.nv ne:pini:.won 6nou oi 66e:iec; e:KxwpoUvt.ai ~6oei i:.nc; 
oe1p6c; aii:.oocwc;, µe; i:.nv npo0n60e::on t.nc; 5ia0e;oiµ6i:.ni:.ac; i:.wv anapait.ni:.wv n6p<AJV 
oe: ouxv6t.nt.e::c;. 
Aut.6 npcne:i va acpopa, µci:.a~u OJ..Awv i:.ic; Kivni:.cc; unnpcoicc; nou ~aoi~ovi:.ai oe; 
6opucpop11<£<; e;n11<01vwvie:c;, 6nwc; ne:p1vp6cpovi:.a1 oi:.nv np6t.aon o!>nviac; i:.ou 
tuµ~ou1dou via t.nv noAl.t.J.KO oxe:t.iic6 µe: i:.nv aµoi~aia avayvWpion t.wv a!>e:it:>v 
Kai OJ..Awv eevit<c.Jv e;~ouoio!>ot.noe:wv 6oov acpop6 t.nv napoxn unnpe:oit:>v 
6opucpopl.1COU 61.K'tUOU Kailn 6opucpopl.KWv e:nJ.KOl.VWVl.Wv86. 
53 
Ilp£ne:i e:nionc; va ioxue:i via ouot.nµat.a t.a onoia £xouv A6~&J.. 65e:ia oe: 
napaµe:06pie:c; ne:piox£c; µe:t.a~u IC:pat.C.:W µe:AC.:W, 6nou t.a ouo"tnpa"ta pnopoU'v va 
nap£xouv unnpe:oie:c; oe: 5iaouvopiaKn ~6on, via nap65e:iypa, ouo"tnpa"ta i5iw"tiIC:C.:W 
Kivnt.C.:W pa5ioe:niKoivwviC.:W nou xpnoiµonoioUv"tai an6 e:nixe:ipnoe:ic; avopaiwv 
oxnµ6t.wv n e:t.aipe:ie:c; pe:t.acpopc;,v. 
13 Et.i<;; · ne:pint.ooe:ic; 6nou e:ni~6AAoV"tai ne:piopioµoi ot.ov api0µ6 a5e:iC.:W ~6oe:i 
A6vwv nou ne:pi vp6q>ovt.ai. ot.o onµe:io 9 Kai n £KXWpnon a6e:iC.:W ~6oe:i "t.OU 
ouyKpi"tiKOU nA£io6ot.iKOU 6iavwvioµou n t.OU nA£iot.npiaopou IC:a0io"t6 "tnV apxn 
t.n<;; apoi~aiac; avayvWf)ionc; pn nAnpc...><;; e:cpapp6oipn , oi e:0viK£c; 5ia5iKaoie:c; 
e:Kxc.Jpnonc;; a5e:i.C.:W np£ne:i va 5i.aa<pa.hi~ouv 6t.i. 01 ai t.nae:ic; via 65e:ie:c; an6 
noAit.e:c; n e:t.aipe:ie:c; £A£VX6µe:ve:c; an6 noAit.e:c; t.wv Kpat.C.:W pe:AC.:W n t.ou EOX e:ivai 
5uvat.6v vo uno~6AAovt.ai oe: ia6t.iµn ~6on. 
lle:v pnopoU'v va e:m.~6AAov"tai ne:piopioµoi 6oov acpopa t.ic; ai t.noe:ic; a5e:iC.:W, 
£Kt.6c; e:av aut.6 5iKaioAove:i t.ai ouµ<pwva µe: t.ouc; Kav6ve:c; aV"taywvioµou t.nc; 
ouv0nKnc;, i5iai t.e:pa t.ou 6p0pou 86. 
14 o Kivnt.6c; t.e:pµat.iK6<;; e:;onAioµ6c; np£ne:i va un6Ke:it.ai µ6vo ot.nv tvKpion t.unou 
ouµ<pc.JVa µe: t.ic; apxtc; t.wv o5nviC.:W 91/263/EOK Kai 93197/EOK, oi onoie:c; e:nit.ptnouv 
t.nv e:ni~oAn e:i51Kwv 5iat.6~e:wv nou 5iao<paAi~ouv t.nv nA£Kt.poµayvn"t1Kn 
ouµ~a"t6"tn"ta. 
Ee: ne:pin"tooe:ic; 6nou 01 51a"t6~e:1c; "tc.JV o5nviwv 91/263/EOK Kai 93197/EOK 6e:v txouv 
OK6pn IC:a"taO"t.£1 £<papµoa"t€£<;; OE: e:i5iIC:ouc; "t.Unouc; Kivn"tOU e:~onAiopou Kai 
anai"tOUv"tai E:l.5l.K£<;; 66£l.£<;; n 66£1.£<;; Ka"tnvopiac; 0£ opioµtva KpQ"tn J:lfAn 
npoKe:iµcvou va e:~aacpa.hi~e:t.ai. n aa<pa.hnc;; Ae:i."toupyia "tou e:~onAiopou, npcne:i va 
1axue:1 n nAI'lpnc;; aµoi~aia avayvt:>pion "tc.JV a5e:i.C.:W nou xopnyoUV"tai oe: 6AAo 
KpQ"tO<;; p£Aoc;, npoIC:e:1µ£vou VO 6iaocpa.hi~£"tai £AE:U0e:pn KUIC:Aocpopia "tE"tOl.OU 
e:i5ouc;; e:;onAioµou at.nv Koiv6t.nt.a. 
IS Oi npoUno0£oe:ic; a5e:io56t.nonc; yia cpope:ic; e:Kµe:t.6AAe:uonc; Kl.Vn"tC.:W 5iK"tUWV nptne:i 
va 5iaa<paAi~ouv t.nv t.npnon t.wv Kav6vwv avt.aywvi.aµou Kai, i51wc;, va 
6iao<pa.hi~ouv t.nv 6iacpavn Kai io6t.iµn auµne:pi<popa pe:"ta;u <poptwv 
e:IC:p£t.OAA£UOnc; Ot.a0e:pc.Jv Kal. KiVn"tC.:W 5iK"tUc.JV un6 IC:Ol.vn i6l.OK"tnoia. 
54 
·II naooxn unnpe:oiwv_ 
1 nptn£l. va £iva1 £yyunµ£vn n e:imopiicn £Ae:u0£pia, n onoia va e:m:t.ptne:i i:nv 
napoxn unnpe:oiW'l 0116 av£;api:n"toU<; q>Op£ic;; napoxnc;; unnpe:oiW\F, icaec:x; Kai n 
6µe:on napoxn unnpe:oi.W\T an6 q>O.P£i<; e:1q1e:i:6Ahe:uonc;; icivni:C:W l51.K't.Uwv. 'Oh.oi oi 
uquoi:6µ£voi ne:piopioµoi 0£ 60£1.£<; nou n£piopi<;ouv u~i:oiou e:ioouc; 
l5paoi:np16"tni:a np£ne:i va Kai:apyn0o\.Jv. 
2 H e:µnopu:n e:.Ae:u0e:pia np£m:i va ne:pi.Aaµl36ve:i i:nv e:uicaipia via i:ouc; q>ope:ic; , 
. napoxnc;; unnpe:oiW'V, £he: ave:~6p'tni:ouc;; e:iu: e:vt£t.ayµ£vouc; e:iu: anot.e:AoUV'te:c;: 
"Lµnµa A£l. -c.oupyic;,,v Kl. vn-c.ou oiic-c.uou, va npooq>£pouv ouvl5uaoµ6 unnp£Ol.Wv nou 
nap£xovtai. oUµcpwva µe: oi.aq>ope:t.iictc;; 66e:i£c; Kl. vn-c.c.Jv unnpe:oi<Jv, icaec:x; icai -c.n 
ouva-c.6i:n-c.a va nap£xouv unnp£oie:c;; oe: oi.aq>ope:u.ic6 icp6-c.n µ£An, µe: i:nv 
npoun6ee:on µ6vo i:wv oiat.a;e:wv -c.wv icav6vwv av-c.avwvioµou t.nc;; ouvenicnc;. 
·3 oi q>ope:ic; napoxnc;; unnpe:oiwv oe:v nptne:i va un6ice:iv"t.a1 oe: 01af>1Kaoie:c; £Kf>oonc;; 
aoe:ic.Jv Kai µnopouv va un6Ke:1vi:a1 µ6vo oe: anai-c.non Ot'lA<.tlOnc;; 't<J\T 6pao'tnpi.o-c.n"twv. 
-c.ouc; O'tnV(O'tl.<;;) e:0viicn(e:c;) KQVOVl.O'tl.Kn(e:c;) apxn(cc;;) 'tou(-c.wv) KpQT.OU<;;(<.iN) µfAOU<;(wv) 
6nou e:nih.tyouv va Ae:i-c.oupyoU'v. 
4 Ilptne:i va e:icnovn0e:i ic~iicac; ouµm:piq>opac; via -c.ouc;; cpope:ic;; napoxnc; unnpcoi<N. 
o ic~iKac; nptne:i, if>ic.x;, va npoooiopi~£1, ~6oe:1 e:0£AOV'tl.Kt'l<;; ouµµ£"toxnc;; "t.WV 
q>optwv napoxnc; unnpe:oiwv, µ£-c.pa npoo"taoiac; -c.wv ~aoii<W'V anai-c.noe:wv icai 
Oe:oµ£uoe:i.c; 6oov a<pop6 t.nv µoviµ6t.nt.a t.nc; unnpe:oiac;, -c.nv Oi.a0£0l.p6"tn'ta lCOl. 
t.nv no16'tn-c.a t.nc; unnpe:oiac;. Ilptne:i £nionc; va naptxe:i KO't£u0uv-c.npi£c;; ypaµµtc;; 
6oov aq>op6 'tl.<; t.£XV1.K£c;, Ol.1COV0p1.K£<;; KQl. £µnopi.Ktc; npaK'tl.lCC<; O'tOV -c.oµta, nou 
va £ivai ouv£n£ic; µ£ -c.ouc;; Kav6ve:c; aV'taywvioµou. 
S 01 <pope:ic;; e:Kµe:T.6AAe:uonc; Kl. vn-c.ou oi.i<-r.uou, oUµ<p<.JVa µe:: -c.nv unoxptwon -c.ouc; va 
napfXOUV QVOl.lCt.£c;, 01.a<pave:ic; KOl. l.06t.iµe::<;; npo(}no8£oe::l.<;; 01.00UvOE:On<;; @J...£ne: 
onµe: io I I I. 2), nptne: i. vo txouv unoxptwon vo otxov"t.01 6Aa t.a .hoy1K6 oi -c.nµa-c.o 
t.wv <poptwv napoxnc; unnpe:oic.Jv nou a<popo\Jv oianpoyµa-c.e:uoe:ic;, e:V't.6<;; -c.wv opiwv 
t.nc; icavoviicnc; e:µnopi.Knc; npaKt.l.Kn<;; Kai t.nc; Koivot.iKnc; voµoee:oiac; ne:pi 
ovt.oywvioµou (m:pii'l.aµ~avoµtvwv oi "tnµcrc:.wv an6 cpope::ic; napoxflc; unnpe:oic.Jv nou 
£V't.QOOOV't.Ql. 0£ 6AAe:c; A£l. 'tOUpyie:c; Kl. vn-c.ou 01.K'tUOU). 
55 
6 nptne:i va e:ivai 6uvat.n n uno~oAn e:vot.ao~wc.; cvavti onoiao6nnot.e: apvnonc; npoc; 
6ianpayp6t.e:uon, e:vWfiiov t.nc; e:0viKn<; Kavoviot.iKn<; apxnc;. 
IlpoKe:iµtvou va naptxe:t.ai e:yylinon 
npoUno0toe:c..w via t.ouc; ave:tapt.nt.ouc; OV01Kl'.W, 6iapavc.N KQ1 
q>ope:ic; napoxnc; unnpe:oic.N, 
e:Kpe:l'.6Ahe:uonc; Kivnt.Wv 61Kt.uc..w nptne:i va unoxpe:oUvl'.ai an6 t.l.<; 66e:icc; l'.ouc; va 
naptxouv e:napKn 6iacp6ve:ia, i6iwc.; 6oov aq>op6 t.ic; Aoyiot.iKt<; Dp<llC'tl.Kt<; 'touc;, 
t:>o'te: va Ka0iot.at.ai 6uvat.n n e:ni'tnpnon t.c..w 6pao'tnpio'tn'tc..w napoxnc; unnpe:oi<.N 
nou e:vtaooovtai O't1<; Ae:it.oupyie:c; 'touc;. 
7 H e:pnopiKn oxton nou Ka0ie:pc.Ne:t.ai µe:t.a;u 'tWV cpoptc..w napoxnc; unnpe:oic.N icai 
'tc..JV cpopcc..w e:Kpe:'taAAe:uonc; Kivnt.c.Jv e:niKoivc..wic.Jv nptne:i va un6Ke:i'tai oe: nlu\pn 
aµoi~aia avayvc:>pion an6 l'.O Kpat.n µ£An. 
~e:v np£ne:i va ioxuouv ne:piopioµoi 6oov aq>op6 onoia6nnot.e: 6pao'tnpi6t.nt.a nou 
npOKUO't£1. on6 'tC'tOl.OU e::16ouc; oxton oe: KQnOl.O KpQ'tO<; µtAoc; we.; npoc; 'tnV 
6paot.np16'tn'ta oe: onoio6nnot.e: 6Aho KpQ'tO<; µtAoc;. 
H napoxn. unnpe:oic.Jv o'to nAaioio 610Kpa't1K~ ouµcpc..wi~ ne:piavc.rJVn<; ano'te:Ae:i 'tnv 
napoxn unnpe:oic.Jv an6 ave::;apt.n'touc; cpope:ic; napoxnc; unnpe:oic.Jv n an6 q>ope:ic; 
napoxnc; unnpe:oic.Jv e::vl'.e::t.ayµtvouc; oe: Ae:it.oupyia icivn-r.ou 6iict.uou ol'.o £6aq>oc; 
e:v6c; icp6l'.ouc; µtAouc; 6iapope:l'.l.Kou an6 'to icpat.o<; µtAoc; ol'.o onoio c6pe:ue:i n 
apxiKn e:pnopiKn 6paol'.npi6t.nt.a. 
Ttt.oiou e:16ouc; 6pao-r.npi6t.nt.a 6e:v nptne:i va un6Ke::l.t.a1 e:i'te: oe: t.ux6v 
ne::piopioµouc; e::it.e:: oe: onoia6nno-r.e: e::ni~apuvon n 10060vaµo µt'tpo nou 6e::v 
oxe:t.i~e:t.ai µe:: t.o ic6ot.oc; t.n<; napoxnc; t.n<; 16iac; t.nc; Ae:i t.oupyiac; ne:piaywync;, 
e::it.e:: aul'.6 e:n1~6Ahe::t.a1 c...><; ano-r.£Ae:oµa icavoviot.iicnc; 6paocwc.; e:il'.e:: OAAnc; 
6iacpope::t.iicnc;. 
58 
III ~l.OOUv5e:on 
1 To f3aoiK.6 nAaioio biao6vbe:onc; biict.uwv Kl.Vnt.C:W e::n1K.01vwv1C:W nou npoopi~ovt.ai 
va xpnoiµonoio6vt.ai an6 t.o e::upu K.oiv6, µe:: nap6AAnAf1 Ae::it.oupyia t.n<; unoboµnc; 
t.ou ot.a0e::pou bl.K.t.uou npoopi~6µe::vn va xpnoiµonoie::it.ai an6 t.o e::upu K.01v6, 
0e::oni~e::t.ai o'tnv obnyia 90/387/EoK81 t.ou Euµf3ou1dou Kai ot.nv np6'taon obnyiac; 
'tou Euµf3ouAiou via 'tnv e::<papµoyn t.nc; napoxnc; avo1K'tou bl.K'tuou o'tnv <pwvn'tl.Kn 
t.nAe::<pwvia Kai ot.nv obnyia 92/44/EOKll t.ou Euµf3ouAiou icaac.:x; icai µtow 'tWV Kav6vwv 
QV'tOVWVl.OµOU 'tnc; ouv0nicnc;83• 
e::u06vn 6oov a<pop6 t.nv biao<p6Aion biao6vbe::onc;, 
obnyie::c;;. 
2 'Ooov a<pop6 61\Ae::c;; t.e::xvu::cc; Kai e::µnop1K.cc; bie::na<pcc;, ibiwc;, µe::t.a~u <popcwv 
napoxnc;; unnpe::oiwv Kol. <pop£wv e::Kµe::t.61\Ae::uonc; Ki.vnt.wv 51.Kt.uwv KOJ. e::nionc;; 
np6of3aonc; oe:: .Ae::it.oupyie::c;; vonµovoc;; bi.Kt.uou ot.o ot.a0e::p6 6iK.t.uo, nou be::v 
Ka.hunt.ovt.ai an6 T.l.<;; e::ibiK£<; npoava<pe::p8e::ioe::c;; o5nyie::c;, ioxuouv 01 f3aoi.K£<; 
apxcc; nou npo13.Atnovt.ai ot.nv o5nyia 90/387/EOK t.ou Euµf3ou.Aiou. 
Aut.6 ouve::n6ye::t.ai 15iait.e::pa 6t.i oi npoUno0£oe::ic;; 5iao6vbe::onc; nou npo~.A£novt.ai 
via t.ic; 61e::na<pcc; out.cc; npcne::i va t.10e::vt.ai oe:: f36on avt.iKe::iµe::viKC:W Kpl.t.npiwv, 
va e::ivai 6ia<pave::ic; Kol. 106t.iµe::c;, va npooavat.o.Ai~ovt.ai µe:: f36on t.o K6ot.oc; KOl. 
va e::ivai ouµf3a't£c; µe:: i:nv apxn t.nc; ava.hoyiac;, Ka0W<; Kai µe:: t.nv t.npnon t.wv 
f3aoiicwv anai "tnoe::wv84. 
H oUva'!'fl K.at.aAAn.Awv ouµcpwviwv ~naouv5e::onc;; nou va t.npo6v t.ic; apxcc; out.cc;; 
nptne::i Kupiwc;; va e::na<pie::i:ai oe:: e::µnopiiccc;; ouµ<pwvie::c;; µe::t.a~u ouµµe::t.e::x6Vt.wv ot.nv 
ayo 6. 
81 oonvia 'tou llJllitouAiou 'tnc; 28nc; Iouviou 19'° v1a 'tn Otonion 'tnc; £owu:pul\c: ayopdc; u>V 'tnA£ru.xo1vwvJ.<mWv Ul1J1'1C01.Wv i,atow 'tnc; 
£90WO'(l\I; 'tftl; ~MC: QVOl.111:06 6udou (90/381/BOK· u L 192/1, 24. 7. 90). 
82 llp6'taon o6nyiaf; 't.OU lupjlouAioU yl.Q 'lnv £~Vil 'tni; napoxfli; QVOU:'tO\) lhnl)ou (ONO) O'tl\V fWVl\'tl.ll:i'l 'tnA£1po1ViO (cat( 92 )247, 
27.8,,2) (XOJ.~ Oton nou evxp10nxc 'tnv ln IouAiou 1''3). 
83 OOnyia 'tOU lupJouAiou 'tni; Snc; Iowiou 1.992 v1a 'tnv c~oyfl 'tni; fiQf>Oxiti; Avo1no6 Al.nl)ou oe ~io~tvcc; ypapi,ati; (92/44/BOIC· U 
Ll65/27 19. 6. '2 ), 
84 le nepJ.mWoc.i.c; 6nou q1<>9tac; uµnQAAcuonc; 61aetu:1 't6oo o'ta8t:p6 600 xa1 x1vn't6 6inuo, nptne1 vo un6pxu. t:napxili;; 61afdvcia, 
16ilolc, 6aov QlfC)pd 'tDV AoVl.O'tl.XJ\ 'tOUC: npaK'tl.KJ\. 
57 
E"tnv napouoa cp6on 6e:v ee:Wf)e:i"tai anapai"tn"to va ee:onio"toUv ne:pai"ttpc.> e:i6iKtc; 
o6nvie:c; oe: KOl.VO"tl.K6 e:n1ne:6o, OX£"tl.K6 µe: "tl.<; 6ie:nacp£c; aUl:t<; KQl. "tl.<; OXE:"tl.Ktc; 
npoUnoetoe:ic; 6iao0v6e:onc;~ µe: -c.nv npoUn60e:on 6"tl. alil:tc; un6Ke:iv-c.ai oe: auo"tnpn " e:ni -c.flpnon an6 -c.ic; e:0vi.Ktc; Kavovio-c.utc; apxtc; oo-c.e: va 6iaocpClAil;e:"tal. nMlpnc; 
e:cpappoyfl "t.WV apXWv aUl:Wv Ka0Wc; Kal. n 0£onion Ka"t0AAnAn<; e:nfA.uonc; 61.acpOpWv 
Kal. 6ia6J.KaOl.Wv e:Atyxou. 
3 H anahnon -c.nc; 6iacp6ve:iac; nou acpop6: "tt"toiou e:16ouc; oupcpwvie:c; 6iao0v6e:onc; 
ouve:nave:"tal. i6iai-c.e:pa 6"tl. naptxe:"tal. hAflpnc; e:evu:tc; 
Kavovio"ti.Ktc; apxtc; 6oov apop6 -c.ic; oupcpwvie:c; aUl:t<; Kai 6"tl. oi I1Anpocpop1e:c; 
au-c.tc; -c.i9e:v-c.ai o-c.n 6i69e:on -c.nc; Eni-c.ponflc; e:cp6oov tn-c.n800v. 
4 IlpoKe:iptvou va 6ie:uKoAuv0e:i n 61ao0vOe:on, nptne:i va npow0n0e:i Kai va 
Onpooie:u9e:i n etonion "tE:XVl.KWv npo-c.unwv OX£"tl.K6 pe: "tl.<; Oie:nacptc; aUl:tc;, 6nou 
au-c.6 e:ivai oK6nipo oupcpwva µe: -c.ic; Oia-c.6;e:ic; nou npo~Atno~ai o-c.o 6p0po 5 
napavpacpoc; I -c.nc; o6nyiac; 90/387/EOK. 
S Ta np6"tuna nou acpopo0v -c.ic; Oie:nacptc; alil:tc; nptne:i va vivov"tal. Oe:ope:u"tl.K6 µ6vo 
o"tov ~a0µ6 nou anane:hai an6 "tnv oOnvia 92/44/EOK via "tnv e:cpapµoyfl napoxflc; 
Avoi.K"tou Ainuou (ONP) oe: pio0wptve:c; vpapptc; Kai "tnv np6"taon o6nviac; nou 
acpop6 "tnv e:cpapµovfl "tnc; napoxflc; aVOl.K"tOU 61.K"t.UOU O"t.OV cpwvn"tl.Kfl "tnAe:cpwvia. 
Eupcpwva pe: -c.o 6p0po S, nap6vpacpoc; 1 -c.nc; OOnviac; 90/387/EOK, oe: 6Ae:c; "tl.<; OAAe:c; 
ne:pin-c.ooe:ic;, nptne:i va e:cpapµ6~e:-c.ai n apxn -c.nc; e:9e:Aov-c.iKnc; e:cpappoyflc; -c.wv 
npo-c.unwv. 
M6vo oe: ne:pin-c.ooe:ic; 6nou e:ivai an6Au-c.a anapai-c.n-c.o va OiaocpClAiCe:-c.ai n ~aoiKn 
Ol.aAE:l. "tOUpVl.K6"tO"tQ KQJ. n e:Ae:uee:pia e:m.Aovnc; via -c.ouc; xpno-c.e:c; KQl. µe: -c.nv 
npoUn60e:on -c.nc; apxnc; -c.nc; avClAoviac;, nptm:i oi napanoµntc; o-c.a np6-c.una va 
Ka9io"tav-c.ai 6e:oµe:uu.Ktc; oupcpwva µe: -c.n 616-c.a~n "tou 6p0pou S, napavpacpoc; 3 -c.nc; 
oOnviac; 90/387/EOK. 
58 
6 'Ooov a~op6 t.a lCl.Vnt.6 5iKt.Ua nou Aap{36vouv 66eia µ6vo via i5ia xpnon n via 
xpnon an6 icAe:iou~c; · oµ65e:c; xpnot.C.:W (i5i.miic6 ouot.nµat.a icivnt.fu; 
pa6ioe:niicoi vwviac;),· n 5iaouv5e:on µe: t.o 5nµ6oio 6b:t.uo 5e:v np£ne:i va 
nape:µno6itet.ai. Kai l.m6icei t.ai ot.nv e:cpapµoyn t.nc;; o5nviac;; 90/387/EOK, t.nc;; o5nviac;; 
92/44/EOK icai t.nc;; npot.e:iv6µe:vnc; o5nyiac; via t.nv ecpapµovn napoxnc;; avoiict.ou 
5iict.uou (ONil) ot.n q><JVnt.iicn t.nAe:q><JVia, 6oov aq>opa t.o ~nt.nµa t.nc;; np6o~aonc;; oe: 
ot.a0e:pn uno!>oµn n onoia Ae:uoupve:i npoice:iµ£vou va · xpnoiµonoie:it.ai an6 t.o 
e:upu icoi v6. 
Oi. 5paot.npi6t.nt.e:c; nou µnopo\Jv va 5ie:~6y0Vt.01. µcow t.£t.ol.CJV 5iaouv5£oe:wv 
un6ice:i.Vt.ai ot.i.c; 6iat.6~e:ic; ouµcpwva µe: t.ic; onoie:c; £xe:i &>Se:i 66e:ia Ae:it.oupviac; 
via t.£t.oiou e:i6ouc; 5iict.ua Kl. vnt.C.:W e:niKoi vc.JVic.Jv. Kat.apxnv, 01 npoUno0£oe::ic; 
nou ioxuouv via t.£t.oiou e::i6ouc; 6b:t.ua e:niicoivwvi.C.:W 5e::v np£ne::1 va e::ivai 
ne:pioo6u:po auot.nptc; an6 e::ice::ive:c; nou ioxuouv via 61\Ae::c; KAe:iot.£c;; op65e::c;; 
xpnot.C.:W oi. onoie:c; Ae::i t.oupyo\Jv µ£ow r.nc; xpnoec.x; e:;yicat.aot.6oe:c.JV t.CJV 5nµooiCtJ\T 
ot.a0e:pc.Jv 6iict.uCtJ\T. 
IVYno6oun 
1 01 cpope:i~ e::icµe:t.6AAe::uonc; icivnt.C.:W 5iict.uwv np£ne:i va £xouv n.Anpn e:Ae:uee:pia va 
Ae:it.oupyo\Jv Kai va avant.uooouv t.o 6iKt.u6 t.ouc;; via t.ouc; oKonouc; t.CtJ\T 
6paot.npiot.nt.wv nou npo{3.htnovt.ai o"t.1<; 66e:itc; "touc; fl ot.i.c; e:;~ouoio6ot.noe:ic; 
t.ouc;, nepi.haµ{3avoµtvnc; t.nc; e:.heu0e:pnc; e:ni.hovnc; e::vicat.aat.6oe:c.JV nou 
xpno1µonol.OUvt.Ql. Vl.O t.nv Ot.npl.~n t.Ct.01.0U e:i5ou~ 5paot.npiot.nt.WV. 
2 H napoxn e:vicat.ao"t6oe:wv icai n xpnon uno5oµnc; nou anot.e.ho\Jv t.µnµa t.wv 5nµooiwv 
ot.a0e:p<.:>v 5iict.uwv npo{3A£ne:t.a1 icai un6ice:1t.a1 ot.ic; 61at.6~e1c; t.nc; o5nviac; 
90/387/EOK t.ou Euµ{3ou.hiou, t.nc; o5nyiac; 92144/EOK t.ou Euµ{3ou.hiou KQl. t.nc; 
npot.6oe:W<;; o5nviac; "tau Euµ{3ouAiou via "tnv e:cpapµovn "tnc; napoxnc; avoiu.ou 
5i.ic"tuou ot.nv qx.vvm:.iicn "tnAe:cpwvia. oi 6101:.6~e:1c; nou acpopo\Jv "tn 5iao6v5e:on 
icivn"tc.Jv Kai 5nµooiwv o"ta0epc.Jv 61ict.uwv m::p1.haµ{36vov"ta1 av<Jt.£pc..> ot.o onµe:io 
III. 
59 
3 Enion~, 01 ,opeic;; eKpe't.OAAeuonc;; Kl.vn't.Wv 61K't.Oc..JV npcnei_ va cxouv nAnpn 
61Ka1wpa't.a cvKa't.ao't.aonc;; 't.n<; 6i.Knc; 't.ouc; uno6oµflc; Kaec:x; Kai xpnocwc; uno6oµflc; 
nou napcxc't.al. an6 't.pi 't.ouc;, µc 't.nv npoUn69con 't.ou ncpiopioµoo 't.n<; xpnocwc; 
't.C't.oiou c16ouc; uno6oµflc; O't.l.<; 6pao't.npi6't.n't.c<; cKcivec; nou npo~AcnoV't.al. o't.nv 
66CJ.a n O't.nV C~OUOJ.060't.non 't.OU<;. 
4 Oi ,opeic; eKµc-r.OAAcuonc; Kl.vn't.C.:W 6inoc..JV npcnci va £xouv 't.O 61Kaiwpa va 
61aouv6£0V't.al. aµcoa pc OAAouc; ,opcic;; CKpe't.OAAcuonc; Kl.vn't.C.:W 61.K't.Oc..JV, ei't.C 
µ£O<tJ cyKa"taO't.OOCc..JV' nou napcxov't.al. an6 't.0 6nµ6oio Kl.vn't.6 6iK't.UO, ci-r.c µ£ow 
't.n<; 61Kn<; 't.ouc; uno6oµnc;, ei't.c µcow uno6opnc; nou nap£xc't.ai an6 't.pi't.ouc;, 't.600 
cv't.6<; Kpa't.Wv µcAw 600 ttai µc-r.a~u icpa't.Wv µcAw. 
H xpnon ~~-r.oiou ci6ouc;; aµcoc..JV ouv6cocc..JV npcnci va cni't.pcnc't.ai via 6Acc; 't.l.<; 
6pao-r.npi6't.n't.c<; nou npo~AcnoV't.aJ. O't.l.<; 66cicc; Kailn o-r.ic; c~ouo106o't.noc1c; 't.c..JV 
av-r.io't.oixc..JV ,opcc..JV eKµc't.OAAcuong KJ.Vn't.Wv 6J.K't.uc..JV Kai npcnci va ncpiAaµ~avouv 
't.nV pc-r.a6oon onpa't.o66't.non<; Kal. 't.OV £Acyxo 6c6opCVc..JV' VJ.a va 61.CUKOAUvc"tal. n 
ncpiavwvn pc't.a~u Kivn't.Wv 61K't.uc..JV. 
Ee ncpin't.Wo£l.<; 6nou n 16ia n uno6oµfl 't.ouc;; anai't.c1 't.nv 6ia0coiµ6't.n't.a 
pc:i61ocn1Kol.Vc..JVJ.aKWv n6pwv, 6nwc; ouv6coµc..JV nou ~aoitoV't.al. oc pc't.66oon 
µiKpoKupa't.c..JV, 't.O KpQ'tn µ£An npcnci va 6ia0c't.ouv Ka't.OAAnAcc; pa6ioouxv6't.n't.cc;;. 
5 Oi ,opcic; cKpc't.OAAcuonc;; Kl. vn't.Wv 6iic't.uc..JV npcnci va cni 't.pcnc't.a~ va 
xpnoiµ~noioliv an6 ttoivou uno6opn, OAAcc;; cvKa't.ao't.aocic; Kai 't.ono0coiec;;. 
Ol. pu0µ1ocic; np£nci va c1vai 6ia,avc1c;;, 106't.1µcc;; icai va 'tnpoliv 't.l.<; ~aol.KC<; 
anai't.noci.c;;, Ka0Wc;; cnionc;; va 't.npoliv 't.ouc;; Kav6vcc;; av't.avc..wioµoo 't.nc;; ouv0nKnc;;, 
J.6iwc; 't.a ap0pa 85 KQl. 86 lCQl. 't.OV 1CaVOVl.Op6 4064/89, Ka0Wc;; Kal. 't.l.<; VCVJ.KC<; apXC<; 
't.n<; o6nviac; 't.OU Euµ~ouAiou 90/387/EOK". 
OJ. c0Vl.KC<; pu0pl.O'tl.KC<; apxtc;; np£nci va 't.npo\JV't.ai cvnµcpcc;; Vl.O 't.C't.Ol.OU c16ouc;; 
pu0µiocic;;. Oi nAnpo,op1cc;; au'tt<; npcnci va 't.10cv"tai o't.n 6iaecon 't.nc;; 
Eni't.ponn~, c~6oov tn't.n0oliv. 
85 BA. ~~ftllCI &.. 10. 2 
60 
6 Ta i<,pcrr.n p£A.n µnopouv va ~m:.~\Jv o~ cpope:ic; e:1q1e:i:.6AA.Euonc; ic:i vnt.W\7 E>iic:t.uwv va 
xpnoiµonoioU'V on6 Koivou uno6oµn ic:ai. i:.onoee:oie:c; ic:ai va ouv6nt.ouv pu0µioe:ic;, 
ouµq>wva µe: t.l.<; apxtc; nou ne:pi yp6cpovi:.ai. aywi:.£pw oi:.o onµe:io 5, oe: ne:pini:.ooe:ic; 
nou i:.o anait.oU'V avwi:.e:poi A.6yoi ne:pi~aA.A.ovi:.iic:nc; noA.it.~ic:nc; n 6nµ6oiac; 
aoq>6A.e: l. ac;. 
Tti:.oiou e:16ouc; anaii:.noe:ic; np£nei va t.npoliv t.nv apxn t.nc; avaA.oyiac; ic:ai 6e:v 
nptne:i va nape:µno6i~ouv ouoiaot.iK6 i:.ic; 6paoi:.npi6t.nt.e:<;; 01 onoie~ npo~A.tnovt.ai 
Ot.l.<;; QVt.iOt.Ol.X£<; a6e:J.£<; fl &~OUOl.06ot.flO£l.<; lCOl. np£m:1 VQ e:u0uypappitoVt.Ql µe: 
t.ouc; ic:av6vec; avt.aywvioµou t.nc; ouvenic:nc;. 
V Pa6ioouxv6t.nu:s 
1 01 Paoiic:tc; apxtc; nou acpopo"Uv t.nv np6o~aon oe: pa6ioouxv6t.nt.e:c; nptnci va 
e:ivai e:Kcivcc; nou npop.Atnovt:al. oi:.nv o6nyia 901387/EOK. t.ou Eup~ouAiou, n 
onoia ne:pi.Aappave:1 oi:.o m:M.o e:cpapµoync; 
nap6ypaq>oc; 10, t:ic; npoUno0toe:ic; xpnoe:wc;, 
oe: ouxv6t.nt.e:c; 6nou aut.6 e:ivai anapai-c.nt:o•. t:n<;, OUpq>wva pc t.O 6.p9po 2, 
ncpi.Aap~avoptvnc; •t.nc; np6opaonc; 
2 Au-c.6 ouvenaye:-c.ai 6t.i oi npoOnoetoeic; np6opaonc; ae ouxv6t.nt.ec; nptnei va 
ouppopp<:wovt.ai npoc; opioµtvc~ Paoiic:tc; apxtc;. 
HHc.i.x;;, nptnci va e:i<xwpo\Jvt.ai ~6oe:1 avt.J.K£J.µe:viKc;,v Kpl. t.npiwv, oi 6ia6u:aoie:c; 
nptne:i va civai 6iaq>ave:ic; Kai va 6nµoou;uov-tai icat.6. ic:at.6AAn.A.o i:.p6no icai 
nptne:i va e:vvu<J.Ntai io6"r.m:.a np6o~aonc; icai va µnv 6nµioupyoU'V 6iaicpioe:ic;. 
3 H ~aoiic:n npootvvion oi:.ov npoypaµµai:.10µ6 i:.wv ouxvoi:.ni:.wv, ot.nv cic:xt:>pnon icai 
OT.OV 0\1Vt.OVJ.oµ6 ne:pl. yp6q>£t.Ql. Ot.O lV!'lcpioµa 90/C 166/02 T.OlJ ~uµ~ou}doul'. 
86 -.1apo 'tou ~u 'tn!; 26n!; Iouriov 1'90 vi.a 'tDV cv1oxuon 'tQ!; ncwc~l.l:l'M: owepyaai«Mi: cnov 't<>aata 'tc.N pcl&J.OOVxvo'tim.w. 
16.iA.ic 6oov 090¢ uc unnpcoicc a&c navcup.ma1dc 6:iao't6ouc (90/C 166/02· u c 166/4, 1. 1. 90). · 
81 
To qn'lcpioµa 90/C 166/02 npoflMne:i, 6'tl. 0 OUV"'C.OVJ.0µ6<; 
pa6ioouxvo"tfrtwv npcne:i va "tnpe:i "tnv apxn "tou 6iaxwpioµou "C.WV icavovio"tiicc.Jv 
:teal. AE:l."'C.OUPVl.KWv ica9n:te6V"C.WV, e:vw npcne:i va e:nJ.61.WlCOV"tal. cvicaipe:c; yvwµe:c; an6 
cpope:ic; napoxnc; unnpe:oic.Jv, an6 "tn (hoµnxavia, an6 "touc; xpno"te:c; icai an6 
opvavioµouc; "tunonoinonc; Ka"C.6 "'C.OV cpe:uva "'C.WV OUXVO"'C.Il"'C.WV nou e:ival. OJ. nACOV 
ica~6.AAnAe:c; via ne:pai"tcpw e:cpapµoy£c;. 
H xpnon pa~ioouxvo"tn"twv nptne:i va vive:"tai oUµcpwva 
pa5i.oe::niicoivwviac; "tn<; 5ie:9vouc; e:vooe:wc; "tnAe:niicoivwvic.Jv (ITU). E"to nAaioio 
aU"C.6, 01 e:pvaoie:c; npcne:i va npoxwpoi.Jv i6iai "C.e:pa npoc; "tnv cvicaipn e:icxc.Jpnon 
e::napicc.Jv n6pwv oe: ouxv6"tn"te:c; via "C.J.<; e:cpapµoycc; icivn"C.Wv icai ~opucpopiicc.Jv 
e:nl.KOl. VWVJ.Wv. 
To '!ffiqn.oµa ~n"te::i e:nionc; "tnv npow9non "tnc; n.htov ano~o"tiicnc; xpnoe:wc; "tou 
cp6oµa"toc; ouxvo"tn"twv, .haµ136vov"tac; e::vlCaipwc; un6qm "tic; anai "tnoe:ic; "C.WV cpoptwv 
napoxnc; unnpe:oit:>v lCaJ. "C.WV xpno"C.Wv oe: ox£on npoc; "tnv 13ioµnxaviicn av6n"tu~n icai 
"tnv av6n"tu~n npo"tunwv. 
4 To nAaiOJ.O VJ.a "'C.OV 51.e:~aywyn OuV"'C.OVJ.Oµou OUXVO"'C.Il"'C.WV O"tnV Euf)Wnn opi~e:"tal. an6 
"to '!fficpioµa 90/C 166/02, 6nwc; ouµnAnpwve:"tai an6 "to 'il'tcpioµa 9'l/C 318/0187. 
Ta ~uo au"C.6 qmcpioµa"ta opi~ouv "tnv EupwnallCn Eni"tponn Pa~1oe::n1lC01vwv1t:>v (ERC) 
"tnc; CEPT icai "C.O ouv5e:5e:µ£vo µe: au"tnv Eupwnaiic6 rpacpe::io Pa~ioe:niicoi vwvic.Jv 
(ERO) we; 13aoiic6 n.haioio e:upwnaiicou ouv"tovioµou o"tov "toµ£a aU"C.6v, µe:: "tnv 
npo0n60e:on 6"tl. i:.o nAaioio ea napaµcve:i aVOl.K"C.6 O"tl.<; "'C.WV 
e:µne:ipoyvwµ6vwv oe:: 0£µa"ta ouxvo"tn"twv an6 e:9v_iic£c; apxtc; nou e::ivai une::u0uve::c; 
VJ.a "tn ~l.axe::ipl.On "'C.WV OUXVO"'C.Il"'C.WV, "'C.OU<; cpope::ic; e::icµe:"C.6AAe:uonc; T.nAE:nl.KOl.VWVl.Wv 
icai 6AAouc; cpope:ic; napoxnc; unnpe:oiwv, "tn ~ioµnxavia icai T.ouc; xpnoT.e::c;. 
87 'l'tMf1opa 'tou l~JouAiou 'tnC 19nc NO£J.lJpiou 'tnc 19nc No£J.1Jpiou 1992 y1a 'tnv £9QWOY6 o'tnv Ko1v6'tn'ta 'twv anoP£WV 'tnc Bup.>na1x6c 
Bnupom\c Pal5l.O£DllOl.VWVlWv (92/C 318/01· BB C318/1, 04. 12. 92). 
62 
To '!fficpioµa 921318/01 -r.ou ~uµ.(3ouAiou ~n-r.e:i va Ancp0e:i nAn~ un6'iffi o-r.o µ£AAov o 
µnxavioµ6c; -r.wv anocp6oe:wv -r.nc; ERCwc; n Kupia µ£8o5oc; 51a0<p6A1onc; -r.nc; napoxnc; 
-r.wv anapa1-r.1hwv ouxvouhwv via -r.ic; v£e:c; unnpe:oie:c; pa51oe:ni.i<o1vwv1W'V o-r.o 
o\JvoAo -r.nc; Eupc.Jnnc;, µe: -r.nv npo0n68e:on i:.nc; av6ni:.u;nc; µe:065wv epyaoiac; nou va 
eni -r.p£nouv eupe:ia 51a.(3ouAeuon µe -r.ic; i<a-r.nyopiec; nou avacp£poVLa1 av~£pw, 
Ka9W<; KOJ. ouvepvaoia Kai aAAnAe:ni5paon µe -r.o Eupwnali<6 Ivoi:.i -r.o&to 
Tunonoinonc; o-r.ov Toµ£a -r.wv TnAen1i<o1vwv1wv (ETSQi<ai -r.nv Eupwnali<n Enii:.ponn. 
S ~e: avi:.an6i<pion npoc; i:.o '!fficpioµa i:.ou ~uµ.(3ouAiou, n Eni i:.ponn 0£onioe: v£a 
npoo£yyion oi:.o ouvi:.ov10µ6 ouxvoi:.ni:.wv o-r.nv Eup<.Jnn, e:vowµai:.W'Vov-r.ac; i:.a oi:.oixe:ia 
au-r.688. Mnope:i va ouvi:.6~e1 µvnµ6v10 ouµcpwviac; µe: -r.nv ERCJERO Kai ouµ~aon 
nAaioio nou va eni -r.p£m:1 va ava-r.i0e:v-r.ai epvaoie:c; oi:.ouc; opvavioµouc; au-r.ouc; 
c.Jo-r.e va i<a0iepw0o\Jv Koiv£c; ~wvec; ouxvo-r.n-r.wv, e:cp6oov £xei 5nµioupyn0ei 
np0Ke:1µ£vou va 51aocpaAi~ei:.a1 n npooi:.aoia -r.wv 
ouµcpep6vi:.wv -r.nc; Eupwna!Knc; 'Evwonc;. 
H vta aui:.n npootvvion oi:.ov ouvi:.ov10µ6 ouxvoi:.ni:.wv, e:vw Aaµ.(36vei nAnpwc; un6'1J.ffi 
i:.ouc; µnxavioµouc; nou nap£xe:1 n ERC/ERO, Ka8opi~ei -r.ic; eA6x1oi:.e:c; npoOno8£oe1c; 
nou ei vai anapai -r.ni:.ec; yia i:.nv ouµµ6pcpwon µe: -r.ic; unoxpe:c.Joe:ic; oi onoie:c; 
anopp£ouv an6 -r.nv ~uv8nKn89. 
6 To lJ.l(lcpioµa 90/Cl66/02 i:.ou ~uµ.(3ouAiou ~nu:i e:nionc; -r.nv av6ni:.u~n i<oivW'V 
e:upwnaYKWv 6£oe:wv oe: ox£on µe: i:.n xpnon i:.ou cp6oµai:.oc; i:.wv ouxvoi:.ni:.wv, oxe:i:.1i<6 
µe: i:.n 5u;0vn e:vapµ6vion ouxvoi:.ni:.wv, i5iwc;, 6oov acpop6 T.nv ITU Kai i:.ic; 
npoc; aui:.n O.UV5 l. OOK £ '!fE: l. <; pa51oe:n1KOl.VWVl.Wv, 
xpno1µono1wvi:.ac; i:.ouc; µnxavioµouc; auT.ouc;. 
H Eupwna!Kn Koi v6i:.ni:.a e:cp6pµooe: T.nv npoo£yyion auT.n icaT.6 T.n 516pKe:1a i:.nc; 
nayK60µ1ac; ouv5160Ke:i.1mc; 5101Knoe:wv pa51oe:n1Ko1 vwviW'V nou opyavw8nKe: o.T.o 
Torremolinos i:.o 1992 (WARC 92), 6nou e:An<p8noav .(3aoJ.K£c; anocp6oe:ic; 6oov acpop6 T.l.<; 
pa5ioouxv6i:.ni:.e:c; nou np6Ke:J. i:.ai va e:Kxwpn6ow via Kl. vni:.tc; Kai 5opucpopiK£<; 
e:niKoivwvie:c;. H Enii:.ponn npoi:.i0e:i:.ai va aKOAou6noe:i T.nv i5ia npootyyion Kai:.6 
T.n 516pKE:l.Q T.WV µe:AAOVT.l.KWV ouv51aOKE'!f£WV pabioe:nl.l<Ol.VWVl.Wv, 51ao<paAi~OVT.ac; 
nap6AAnAa i:.nv npooT.aoia T.WV ouµcpe:p6vT.wv T.nc; EupwnaYKnc; 'Evwonc;. 
88 Nta npootvvion otov ouvtovioµ6 twv pa6ioouxvotntwv otnv Eupwnalxn Koiv6tnta, avaxoivwon tnc Bnit&>anftC via tnv np6taon an6900nc 
tou ~up~ouAiou oxct1x6 µ£ tnv ccpappovn an6 ta xp6tn µtAn µttpwv nou OlfO&>Ot)v tic pa6ioovxv6tntcc, COM(93)382, 10.9.93. 
89 BA. na¢ptnµa .a.. tµ~a 4. 
63 
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a~opo\Jv -r.ic; KiVnT.£<; pa6ioeniKoivwviec; oT.nv Eup<.:>Iln npoKun-r.ouv an6 T.nv 
anaiT.non via -r.nv nAnpn Kai ouvT.ovioµ£vn e~apµovn ,-r.wv ano~aoewv nou eAn~0noav 
Ka-r.a· -r.nv WARC 92 o-r.nv EupwnaIKn 'Evwon. 
'OOOV a~OpQ "ti<; pa6ioOUXV6T.n"tE:<; via OUOT.nJ:.laT.a nou npoopi~OVT.ai via 1.0 £UpU 
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£~apµovn OeoµeuT.iKW'l ano~6oe:wv 6oov a~opa T.ov opioµ6 T.WV ouxvoT.nT.wv oe 
eupwnaIK6 Kai KoivoT.i1C6 e:nine:Oo via "ti<; ~W'le:c; OUXVO"tn"tWV nou opi~ov-r.ai an6 
T.nv WJJt.C 92 via µellovT.iKn xpnon an6 ouo-r.nµaT.a eniveiwv Kivn-r.<Jv e:niK01.vwvi<Jv 
Kai 6opu~opi1CWV e:niKoivwviW'l. 
AuT.6 ne:piAaµ~6v£i i6iaiT.£pa T.OV opioµ6 6£0):.1£UT.ilCWv lCOl.VWv ~WVWv via 
unnp£oie:<; DCS-1800, via -r.o µe:MovT.iK6 navK6oµio mioT.nµa KivnT.W'! 
I 
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npoown11Cc.Jv e:n11Coi vwviwv (nepiAaµ~avoµ£vwv T.WV ovoµa~oµ£vwv ouoT.nµ6T.wv 
xaµfiAnc; ve:w1Ce:v-r.p1Kn<; T.poxiac; (Low Earth Orbit-LEO)). 
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Ka9W<; Kai np6T. una 
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e:~ao~aAi~e:T.a.l n npaKT..tKn e:~apµovn -r.ouc; an6 "ta Kp6-r.n µ£An. nou np6K£i"tai 
npo1Ce:iµ£vou va 
va 
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T.OU<;, via OUO"tnµaT.a nou A£.lT.Oupvouv ouµ~wva µe: 1.0 EupwnaIK6 ~n~iaK6 Ilp6T.uno 
Ze:u~e:wc; (TETRA), T.a onoia ea anoK"tnoouv µe:v6An onµaoia, µe:T.a~u 6Mwv, oT.o 
nAaioio t.n<; e:~apµovnc; T.n<; ouµ~wvia<; Schengen via e:n11Coi vwvie:c; µe:-r.a~u 
aoT.uvoµiKW'l 6uv6µe:wv Kai µe:T.a~u 6nµooiwv apxwv. 
64 
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1 na~n1'.a µe: i:ic;; pa6ioouxv6i:ni:e:c;;, n np6o{3aon oe: api8µouc;; i<ai n e:i<xWf)non 
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.Kai n ni0avn oi:£vco1xm i:nv onoia 6nµioupve:i, ea au~n8e:i onµavt.ilC6 µe: i:nv 
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e:nii<oi VWViWv. 
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npovpaµµ6t.wv ap18µ066t.nonc;; ne::pivp~ovt.ai ot.nv npot.e:iv6µe::vn o6nvia via i:nv 
e:cpapµovn i:nc;; napoxnc;; avoi..Kt.ou 61.Kt.uou ot.nv cpwvnt.i.Kn t.n1'.e:cpwvia90. 
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6i.Kt.uou oe: ~ni:nµai:a np6o{3aonc;; oe: pa6ioouxv6i:ni:e:c;;, np£ne:i va e:cpapµ6~ovr.ai 01 
i61e:c;; apx£c;;. 
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5nµioupvow 6iaKpioe:1c;;. 
3 ~uµcpwva µe: i:n 6i6t.a~n i:nc;; npoi:e:iv6µe:vnc;; o6nviac;; via i:nv e:cpapµoyn i:nc;; napoxnc;; 
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£.he:vxoc;; i:wv e:eviKW°V npovpaµµai:wv i:n"J...e:cpwvii<nc;; api0µo56t.nonc;; anot.e:Ae:i e::uewn 
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ne::piopioµW"V nou e:n1!36AAovi:.a1 A.6vw e::Svl.lcnc;; aocp6Ae::1ac;; n i61wt.1Kou anoppni:.ou 
Kai npoot.aoiac;; i:wv 6e:6o £vwv. 
90 Dp6'taon o6nyiac;: l:OU J.""°IJouAiou y1a t.nv C:9QWOVR t.nc;: llapoxAc; Avour:t.o\) JU.n\)ou (OHP) a'tn fWVll'tUR 'tnAe9WVia (Cat(92)24'1, 
27. 8. 92). (Ko1vn &ton C:V?tpi&ru:c: 'tnv ln IouAiou 1993). 
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1.<01 ot.ov ouvtov10µ6 m;p1yp6cpe:t.a1 ot.o '!fficp1oµa 92/C 318/02 t.ou l:uµ~ou1'.iou91
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npoypaµµ6t.wv ap16µ066t.non~ va t.npe:i t.nv apxn t.ou 61axwp1oµou t.wv 
e:n1t.p£novt.ac; nap6AAnAa va 
Aaµ~6vovt.a1 un61!fll, 
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cpop£wv e:1.<µe:t.OA.Ae:uon~ 611.<t.uwv, t.wv cpop£wv napoxn~ unnpe:o1W'V t.n~ ~1oµnxavia~ 
1.<01 t.wv xpnot.W'V. 
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ap10µo66t.nonc; 1.<01 avacp£pe:i 6t.i 01 nave:upwnaY1.<£c; 1.<1vnt.£c; unnpe:oie:c; np61.<e:1t.a1 
va .A6~ouv lJl!'IlAn npot.e:pai6t.nt.a yia t.nv av6nt.u~n ouvt.ov10µ£vwv 610611.<aoiwv nou 
acpopo\Jv t.n 61axe:ip1on 1.<a1 t.nv 1.<at.axe,;,pnon ap18µW'V t.n.Ae:cpwviac; an6 t.ov 
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5 To \J.ll'lcpioµa 92/C 318/02 t.ou tuµ_t3ou.Aiou opi~e:i t.o n.Aaioio ouvtovioµou via t.nv 
ap16µ066t.non ot.nv Eupwnn. 
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i6puon an6 t.nv ECTRA e:v6c; e:upwnaYKou ypacpe:iou ap18µ066t.nonc; (ENO), µe: t.nv 
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£xe:i we; £6pa t.nv Kone:yx6yn KQ1 t.O onoio ea ne:p1.A6{3e:1 µe:t.a~u t.WV 1.<a8n1.<6Vt.WV 
t.ou t.n .Ae:it.oupyia t.ou ouvt.ovioµou t.nc; ap18µ066t.nonc;. 
91 '1'1\cpiO}lQ ~OU Z~JouAiou ~n~ 19n~ No£~~piou 1992 yia ~nv npoW8non ~n~ JJaV£Up.iJJQ~XR~ OUV£pyaoia~ OX£~ixd ~£ ~nv api~o~6~non ~WV 
~nAcnuoivwvim:w unnpcol.Wv < 92/C 318/02· u C 318/2, 04. 12. 92. 
66 
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KQl. . t.n Onµioupyio KOl. VOU e:upwnoYKOU XWpOU api0µo66t.nonc;, '3aol.oµ£vou Ot.nV 
icot.6AAnAn voµu:n !36on n onoia np£ne:i va biao<pal\.i~e::i t.nv npoot.aoia t.wv 
ouµ~e:p6vt.wv t.nc; Eupwno!Knc; 'Evwon<;;. 
6 To ~~ioµa 92/C 318/02 t.ou Euµ'3ouh.1ou ~nt.e:i e::nionc;; va un6p~ouv i<:oiv£c;; 0£oe::i~ 
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navic6oµiou ouot.nµat.oc; api0µo66t.nonc;, t.o onoio '3pioice:t.ai un6 e:~th.i~n ot.nv 
ITU. H npoe:t.oiµaoia icoivW'V 0£oe:wv np£ne:l. va vive:i ot.o nh.aioio t.nc; ECTRA/ETO, 
µe: t.nv npoUn60e:on 6t.i oiao~a.hi~e:t.al. n npoot.aoia t.wv ouµ~e:p6vt.wv t.nc; 
Eupwnal.Kn<;; 'Evwonc;. 
7 tuµ~wva µe: t.o \VI'l~ioµa 9'UC 318/02, t.ou · tuµ'3ouAiou, np£m:i va oo9e:i ye:vu:n 
npot.e:pai6t.nt.a ot.nv oiaoiKaoia ouvt.ovioµou t.nc; e:upwnal.icnc; ap16µ006t.nonc; yio 
t.nv Onµioupyia t.OU e:upwnal.KOU XWpOU ap18µ006t.nonc;, µc l.Ol.ait.e:pn npoooxn Ot.l.<; 
anait.noe:ic; nou a~opol.'.iv t.nv npoowniicn api0µo66t.non. 
8 ~µe:on npot.e:pai6t.nt.a nptne:i va anot.e:Acoe:i n e:vapµ6v1on t.wv t.pe:xouoW'V 
opaot.npiot.nt.wv nou anooKonol.'.iv ot.nv ovaµ6pq>won t.wv e:0viicW'V xWpwv 
api8µoo6t.nonc;, ne:piAaµ~avoµtvwv ~nt.nµat.wv api0µo66t.nonc; via oiconouc; icivnt.W'V 
e:niicoivwviWY icai yia npoowniKouc; ica0<.J<; icai ~opnt.ouc; api0µouc;. 
tt.o nh.aioio aut.6, np£ne:i va ooSe:i ioiai t.e:pn npoooxn ot.nv e:vapµ6vion t.wv 
Kw5iicc.Jv np6o~aonc; via Kivnt.6 ouot.nµat.a, yia unnpe:oie:c; t.nh.e:~wviicou icat.a.h6you 
KQl. Vl.O unnpe:oie:c; E:l.01.KOU Onµooiou ouµ~£povt.oc;, 6nwc; 01. unnpe:oie:c; E:Kt.OKt.OU 
avayKnc; Kai nh.npoq>opiwv, Ka0wc; Kai Kw5l.Kwv npoon£h.aonc; nou £xouv e:161Kn 
ox£on µe: t.o ne:pi~<lAAov t.wv vonµ6vwv 01.Kt.uwv. Aut.6 µnope:i va ot.npix0e:i ot.nv 
np6ooo nou £xe:i non e:ni t.e:ux0e:i ot.nv Eupwnal.Kn 'Evwon µe: t.nv svicpion "tWV 
KOl.VWV Kc.J5l.KWV E:Kt.OKt.OlJ avayicnc; KQl. Ol.£8VOU<;; np6o~aonc; 
67 
Vll ~vapEn -r.nc e:E£A1Enc'npoc "tl.C unnpe:oie:c npoownl.KWv e:nl.KOl.VWVl.Wv_ 
1 ·Oi unnpe:oie:c;; npoowniicwv e:niicoivwviW'V np£ne:i va 6e:wpn6o\Jv W<; unnpe:oie:c;; oi 
onoie:c;; "t£hl.KQ ea e:n1-r.p£wouv -r.nv KAnon an6 a-r.oµo oe: a-r.oµo, ave:~ap-r.n-r.a an6 -r.nv 
"tono6e:oia, "tO Xpnoiµonoiouµe:vo "te:ppO"tl.K6, "tO µ£00 µe:-r.a6oonc;; (KahOOl.aK6 n 
aoupµa-r.o)icai/n -r.nc;; e:niAovnc;; -r.e:xvoAoviac;;. 
Oi unnpe:oie:c;; npoowniicwv e:niicoivwviwv ea ~001080\Jv oe: ouv~uaoµ6 o-r.a8e:f)Wv icai 
aoupµa-r.wv/ic1 vn-r.W'V unnpe:o1W'V npoice:1µ£vou va ano-r.e:A£oouv e:viaia unnpe:oia an6 
-r.nv apxn W<; "tO "t£Aoc;; Vl.O "tOV xpno-r.n. 
2 ria VO ~E:Kl.VIlOE:l. n e:~£A1~n OU"til KOl. Vl.a Va KO"tQO"te:i ~\JVa"t6 Vl.a "tl.<;; l.OXUOUOe:<; 
Kl. vn-r.£<; unnpe:oie:c;; va Kl. vn0o\Jv npoc;; -r.£-r.oiou e:iE>ouc;; ne:pif36Ahov npoowniicW'V 
e:niicoivwviwv, n {3aoiicn anai-r.non e:ivai va ap0o\Jv apxiica 01 ne:piopioµoi via 
-r.ov ouv6uaop6 noAhanAWv icivn-r.Wv -r.e:xvoAoviWv n unnpe:oiWv, µ£ow e:viaiou <pop£a 
napoxnc;; unnpe:oiWv ica1, aicoAou8wc;;, va ap8o\Jv 01 ne:piopiopoi via -r.ov e:Ae:uee:po 
ouv~uaoµ6 unnpe:oiwv 01 onoie:c;; nap£xov-r.ai µ£ow o-r.a8e:f)Wv ica1 icivn-r.Wv ~iic-r.uwv. 
3 Ilpoice:iµtvou va ica-r.ao-r.e:i E>uva-r.n n e:~tAi~n au-r.n, 01 <pope:ic;; e:icµe:-r.OAhe:uonc;; 
icivn-r.wv E>iic-r.uwv n 01 ave:~ap-r.n-r.01 <pope:ic;; napoxnc;; unnpe:o1Wv np£ne:1 va 
anoic-r.noouv -r.n 6uva-r.6-r.n-r.a, oe: npW-r.n <peon, va ouvE>ua~ouv E>ia<pope:-r.iictc;; icivn-r.tc;; 
unnpe:oie:c;;, nou nap£xov-r.ai o-r.o nAaioio E>ia<pope:"tl.KWv aE>e:iwv Kai.In o-r.nv f36on 
E>ia<pope:-r.iKWv -r.e:xvoAoviwv/npo-r.unwv. 
~e:v np£ne:i va e:n1{3An80\Jv ne:piopioµoi o-r.ic;; v£e:c;; a6e:1e:c;; 6oov a<popa -r.o ~n-r.nµa 
OU"t6 KOl. nptne:l. VO ap60Uv Ol. ne:p16p10µ01 O"tl.<; unapxouoe:c;; a6e:1e:c;;. 
68 
4 Ee: Oe:ut.e:pn cp6.on, Ol cpope:ic;; e:icµe:t.~e:uonc;; Kl.Vnt.Wv 01.Kt.UWV n Ol. ave:~6.pt.nt.Ol. 
cpope:ic;; napoxnc;; unnpe:c:nwv nptne:i. va dvai.. oe: econ va uno~~ouv npoocpoptc;; via 
6.oe:i.e:c;; nou acpopo\Jv t.nv napoxn onµ6oiac;; cpwvnt.i.icnc;; t.nAe:<pWViac;; µtow t.ou 
ot.a0e:pou oinuou, ica0W<; oi 6.oe:ie:c;; aut.tc;; ea ica01ot.avr.ai 6ia0toiµe:c;;. 
To apv6t.e:po aut.6 np£ne:i. va vive:i. ouµcpwva µe: t.o xpovooi6.vpaµµa via t.nv nAtlpn 
e:Ae:u0£pwon t.wv unnpe:oic.Jv onµ601ac;; cpwvnt.iicnc; u1Ae:cpwviac;; nou 0e:oni~e:t.ai ot.o 
'!1l'lcpi.oµa 93/C213/0l t.ou Euµ~ouAiou, OnA~n t.nv In Iavouapiou 1998, µe: np6o0e:t.e:c;; 
µe;i:a~at.i.ictc;; ne;p16oouc;; µ£xpi Se:i:c.Jv via t.nv Ionavia, t.nv IpAav6ia, t.nv E.AA66a 
icai. t.nv nopt.oVaAia icai., oe; ne:pint.oot::ic;; 6nou aut.6 e:ivai 6iicaioAoynµt_vo, 6uo 
e:t.wv vi.a t.o Aou~e;µ~oupvo, µe; t.nv e:nicpuAa~n t.wv npoUno0£oe:wv 01 onoie:c;; nptne:i 
va e::vicpi.0ow vi.a i:£i:oiou e:ioouc;; 6.oe::ie:c;; icai acpopo\Jv ve:vi.ictc;; unoxpe:ooe:ic;; 
unnpe::oiwv n ouµµe::i:oxn oi:nv xpnµai:oo6i:non i::.£i:oiou e:ioouc;; unoxpe:C.:X,e:wv icai µe: 
i:nv e:nicpuAa;n t.wv icav6vwv avi:avwvioµou t.nc;; Euv0nicnc;;, ioiwc; i:wv 6p8pwv 8Sicai 
86 icm. t.ou icavovi.oµou 4064/89 i:ou Euµj3ouAiou. 
s nap6AAnAa Kal. npoice:iµtvou va oo0e:i nAnpnc;; ouvat.6t.ni:a via t.nv av6nt.u;n 
unnpe::oiwv npoown11cWv e:niicoivwviwv an6 t.ouc;; un6pxovt.e:c;; cpope:ic;; e:icµe:t.6.Ahe:uonc; 
Onµooiwv Ot.a0e:pWV 01.Kt.UWV, 01. cpope:ic;; QUt.OU t.OU e:iOouc;; OE:V np£ne;l. Va 
nape:µnooi~ovt.ai e:;apxnc;; va unoj36.Aouv aµ£owc; n e::µµtowc;; npoocpoptc;; via 6.oe::ie:c;; 
nou acpopouv onoie::oonnoi:e:: unnpe::oie::c;; icivnt.Wv e::niicoivwvi.Wv. 
Oi ucpiot.6.µe::ve:c;; anavope:uoe::ic;; via t.ci:oiou e:ioouc;; npoocpopcc;; nptne::i va 
icai:apvnSo\Jv i:o apv6t.e::po µ£xpi i:o i::.£Aoc;; i:wv npo0e::oµic.Jv nou £xouv opio0e::i via 
i:nv nAnpn e:Ae:u0£pwon oi:o l!fflcpioµa 93/C 213/01 i:ou Euµj3ouAiou, OnAaon, i:nv In 
Iavouapiou 1998, µe: np6o0e:u::c;; µe:i:aj3ai:iic£c;; ne::pi.6oouc;; yia t.a icp6.t.n µ£An nou 
avacp£povi:ai avwi::.£pw oi:o onµe:io 4, µe:: t.nv npoOn60e:on t.wv icav6vwv avi:.avwvioµou 
i:rn;; Euv8nicnc;;, ioiwc;; i:wv 6.p8pwv 85 icai. 86 icai. i:ou icavovi.oµou 4064/89 i:ou 
Euµ.f'ouAiou. 
6 IlpoKe::iµ£vou va npoe:i:oiµao8e:i o i:oµ£ac;; i:wv icivni:Wv e:ni.icoivwvic.Jv via va nai;e:i 
i:o p6Ao i:ou oi:nv i:axe:ia µe:i::.6.f'aon npoc;; ne:p1~6Ahov npoowniicc.Jv e:niicoivwvic.Jv, i:a 
Kp6.i:n µ£An nptne::i va e::icxwpnoouv 6oe::ie::c;;, l.Oiwc;, via i:ic;; t.e:xvoAovie::c;; e::ice::ive::c;; 
nou e::ivai oi nA£ov icai:6AAnAe::c;; via i:nv napoxn i:ou aoupµ6i:ou t.µnµai:oc;; i:£i:oiou 
e::ioouc;; unnpe::oiwv. 
89 
I5iwc;, t.a icp6t.n µ£An npcrte:i. va e:ic:xwpnoouv t.ouA6xiot.ov µia 65e:i.a vi.a t.nv 
Ae:i.t.oupvia ic:ivnt.t.N ouot.nµ6t.wv ouµcpwva µe: t.o np6t.uno DCS-1800 ic:ai. va 
e:ni t.pC'i/OUV t.nv av6nt.u;n µiic:po1<U'!f£Ac.Jt.wv e:ne:ict.6oe:wv t.wv ucpiot.aµtvwv Kl. vnt.c.Jv 
ouot.nµ6t.wv nou txouv A.6_l3e:i 65e:ia ouµ<pwva t.o np6t.uno GSMot.ic; ~C.:We:c; t.wv 900 
MHz. 
Ta ic:p6t.n µ£An nptne:i e:nion~ va e:Kxwpnoouv 65e:ie:~ vi.a t.i~ ovoµa~6µe:ve:~ 
e:cpapµov£~ 5nµ6oia~ npoom~Aaon~/t.nl\.e:ot.a8µC.:W, i5iwc;, via ouot.nµat.a nou 
Ae:it.oupvoUv ouµcpwva µe: t.o np6t.uno DECf. 
7 Ilpo1Ce:iµ£vou va npow0n8e:i n av6nt.u;n t.c.JV 5ie:uP<.Jna!lCWV 5iict.uWV, ouµcpwva µe: t.0 
6p8po 1298 t.n~ tuv0nKn~, n 65e:ie:~ via µe:Al\.ovt.iic:6 ouot.nµat.a e:niicoivwvi.C.:W nou 
£xouv 6µe:on e:nint.c...>on ot.nv av6nt.u;n t.£t.oiouc; e:i5ou~ 5iKt.uwv np£ne:i va 
xopnvoUvt.ai., 6nou aut.6 e:ivai anapait.nt.o icai nl\.£ov ano5ot.l.K6, icat.6 
ouvt.ovioµ£vo t.p6no µe:t.a~u icpat.wv µe:A.C.:W Kalin oe: icoi vot.iic6 e:nine:5o, 
Aaµj36voVT.a~ 5e:6vt.~ un6'!fil t.a ouµcp£povt.a t.c.Jv l<pat.wv µe:l\.C.:W icai t.o ouµcp£pov t.wv 
unapx6vt.wv 1Cat.6xwv a5e:ic.Jv. 
I5iwc;, icai ouµcpwva µe: t.O 'i/n<pioµa t.OU Euµ_l3oul\.iou via t.nv npot:>0non ouot.nµ6t.wv 
nou a<popoUv t.ic;; 5opu<popiK£<;; npoowni.1<£<;; e:niKoivwvie:c;;, ne:pil\.aµj3avoµtvwv t.wv 
ovoµa~oµ£vwv 5opucpopl.1CWv ouot.nµ6t.wv xaµnl\.nc;; ve:wice:vt.piicnc;; t.poxi6c;; (LEO), oi 
65e:ie:c;; via t.£t.oiou e:i5ouc;; µe:Al\.ovt.iic6 ouot.nµat.a np£ne:i va xopnvoUv-r.ai oe: 
Koivo-r.iic6 e:nine:5o. IlpoKe:i.µ£vou va µe:viot.ono1n8e:i t.o 5uvaµiic6 -r.wv e:uP<.JnaYicC.:W 
e:~e:Ai~e:wv ot.ov t.oµ£a t.c.JV navic60µ1wv ouot.nµ6t.wv icivnt.t.N t.nAe:ni.Koi.vwviC.:W 
(UMTS), t.a onoia µf!opoUv t.e:Aiic6 va nap6oxouv e:vono1nµ£vn Kai ano5ot.iicn ~ 
npo<;; t.O lC60t.O<;; 136on via unnpe:oie:c; npOO<.Jnl.lCWV e:niicoivwv1CIN, oi 65e:ie:<;; via 
t.£t.oiou e:i5ouc;; µe:Al\.ovt.iic£c;; unnpe:oie:c;; t.pi t.nc; ve:ve:6c; np£ne:1 an6 t.nv apxn va 
xopnvoUvt.ai ot.nv Ko1v6t.nt.a icat.6 ouvt.ovioµ£vo t.p6no icai/n oe: ico1vot.iic6 
e:nine:5o. 
Ilp£ne:i va A.aµ136ve:t.ai un6'!fil n av6vKn va 5iaocpaAi~e:t.ai oµal\.n µe:-r.6{3aon an6 -r.nv 
xpnon t.wv ioxuouowv t.e:xvoA.oviwv via t.nv napoxn unnpe:oi.C.:W npoowniicc.Jv 
e:niicoivwvit.N ot.nv xpnon t.wv t.e:xvoA.oviwv UMTS, via t.nv napoxn t.£t.oiou e:i5ouc;; 
unnpe:oit.N icat.6 nl\.tov 01icovoµiic6 icai ve:v1ic6 t.p6no, ica0Wc; icai t.nc; avavicnc;; va 
A.aµ_l36vovt.ai un6'!fil oi e:i5iic£c;; icat.aot.6oe:i~ ot.a icp6t.n µtl\.n icai t.ci ouµcptpov-r.a 
t.wv ucpiot.aµ£vwv icat.6xwv a5e:iwv. 
70 
IV.3 Anai t.ouµe::va µct.pa npoc; e::cpappoyn 
Eni t.n ~6oe::i t.wv npot.e::i v6µe::vwv 6£oe::wv, t.nc; ava.Auonc; "tnc; napouoac; irnt.6ot.aonc; 
Ka8c.Jc; Kai t.wv µtt.pwv nou ea AncpSoU'V, ~ ncpiAnlJ!?l µiac; ocip6c; 5p6oe::wv e::vt.6c; t.nc; 
Eupwnal.Kfi<; 'Evwon<; via t.nv Ol.£UK6Auvon . t.nc; e:ni u::u;nc; lCQl. 't.nV oµaAn. e:cpapµoyn t.WV 
oKonW'V aut.c.Jv napm.i0e:t.ai ne::pai t.£pw. Ka"t.6 t.nv e:nfict.aon "tn<; ucpiot.ap£vnc; noA.i t.11cnc; 
Ot.OV t.oµ£a t.WV t.nACill.KOl. VWVl.Wv t.nc; EupwnaIKn<; 'Evwonc; O't.OV t.op£a t.WV Kl. vnt.Wv 
e::nuoi vwviW'V, t.a aic6Aou6a µct.pa µnopoliv vo npo.13Ju:cp6ow: 
nAPAKOAOY0HEH THE IlPOO~OY noY EXE! EnITEYXeEI KATA THN EIEArOrH TOY 
ANTArONI EMOY ETON TOMEA, 
npoKe::iµ£vou va e::cpapµoo0o'liv 01 avwt.£pw apx£c; Kai va t.pononoin0e::i n oonyia 
90/388/EOK92 yia t.OV avt.aywv10µ6 Ot.l.<;; ayop£c; t.nAE:Ill.KOl. VfiNJ..QKWV unnpe::Ol.WV, 6nou 
aut.6 e::ivai anapait.nt.o, npoice::1µ£vou va ne::piAncp0ouv oi apxtc; auL.cc;. 
Aut.6 ouve::n6ye::t.ai ioiwc;: 
--+> ic01:.6pynon t.wv anoic.he::iot.iicwv Kai e::l.Ol.KWv oiica1wµ6t.wv 6oov aq>op6 t.ic; 
Kl.Vnt.£c; KOl. npoownl.KC<;; e::nl.KOl.VWVie::c; KQl. QVt.l.KOt.6ot.aon an6 n.haioi.a 
xopnynoe::wc; aoe::iwv ouµcpwva µe:: t.ic; npoUno8toe::ic; nou e::ivai ouve:ne::ic; µe:: t.o 
e::upwnal.K6 KOl.VOt.l.K6 -OiKOl.O~ 
--+> opioµ6c; Kpi t.npiwv nou e::yyuwvt.al. 6t.i 01 oiaoiicaoie::c; xopnynon<;; aoe:ic.Jv 
oie::~6yovt.ai Kat.6 avoi.Kt.6, oiapavn icai io6t.iµo t.p6no, ioiwc;, oe:: 
ne::pl.nt.c.Joe::ic; 6nou un6pXOUV Ol.KOl.OAOynµ£vol. t.e::XVl.KOi ne::piopioµoi Ot.O 
api.0µ6 t.wv xopnyouµ£vwv aoe::ic.Jv·, 
--+> µct.pa yia t.nv oiaocp6Aion t.nc; anapait.nt.nc; oiacp6ve::iac; µe::t.a~u ouµµe::t.e::x6vt.wv 
ot.nv ayop6, ioiwc;, oe:: ne::pint.Woe::ic; 6nou oi cpope::ic; e::icµe::t.OAAe::uonc; ot.a0e::pou 
OiKt.uou e::Kµe::t.aAl\e::uovt.ai e::nionc; Kivnt.6 OiKt.ua Kai µe::t.a~u t.nc; Ae::it.oupyiac; 
napoxnc; unnpe::oiwv t.wv cpopcwv e::Kµe::t.6AAe::uonc; icivnt.c.Jv Ol.Kt.uwv Kai t.wv 6AAwv 
.he::it.oupyiwv t.ouc;. 
92 06nyia T.DC Ennpontu; T.nc 28nc Iouviou 1990 vi.a T.ov aVT.QVWVl.0'16 OT.l.C ayo~c U\Acnuoi.vwvi.axw unnpcoi.Wv (90/388/BOK· U 
Ll92/10, 24. 7. 90) 
71 
TPOilOilOIHEH TOY fIAAIEIOY IlAPOXHE ANOIKTOY ~IKTYOY 
Kai t.pononoinon t.nc; o5nyiac; 90/387/EoK93, 6nou aut.6 e::ivai anapait.nt.o 
npoKe::iµ£vou va ne::pi.Aa{ki t.ic; apx£c;; 01 onoie::c;; ne::pi ypacpovt.ai ot.a 5iacpopa 
onµe::ia. 
Aut.6 acpopQ, i.5iwc;, t.nv npooapµovn t.ou ne::5iou e::cpapµoync;; t.nc; o5nyiac; 90/387/EOK, 
np0Ke::1µcvou va 51aocpa.A106e::i n ye::v1Kn e::cpapµoyn t.wv apxW'V t.nc; 106t.nt.ac; 
npoonc.Aaon~, 51acp6ve::1ac;;, 106t.nt.ac;; Kai ava.Aoyiac;;. 
H npooapµoyn out.fl np£ne::1 va 0e::wpn0e::i ot.o n.Aaioio t.nc;; ye::vi.Kn<; 5ia51Kaoiac; 
µe::-r.appu0µionc;;, -r.nv onoia ~nu:i T.o '!fl'lqaoµa 93/C213/0I94 -r.ou Euµ'3ou.Aiou 
EilITAXYMENH E~APMOrH THE AMOIBAIA~ ANArNOPIEH~ ErKPIEEON TYilOY TOY 
TEPMATIKOY E80IlAIEMOY 
Kai e::ncnaon t.n<; o5nyiac;; 91/263/EoK95 oo-r.e:: va ne::p1.Aaµ'3ave::1 K1vnt.6 u::pµat.u6 
e::;on.A10µ6 nou 5e::v e::iva1 oe:: 0£on va ouv5e::0e::i µe:: t.o 5nµ6010 5iKt.uo, o onoioc;; 
npoc;; t.o nap6v e::iva1 e::K-r.6c;; t.ou ne::5iou e::cpapµoync;; t.nc;96. 
H e::n1t.axup£vn e::cpapµovn np£ne::1 va ne::p1.Aaµ'3ave::1 t.ax&te::pn £vKp1on -r.wv Ko1vW'V 
t.e::xv1Kc.Jv Kavov1oµW'V (CTR), 15iwc;, via t.e::pµa-r.1K6 e::;on.A10µ6 nou xpno1µono1e::i 
v£e::c;; '!'!lq>l.OlCC<; T.e::xvo.Aovie::c;; Kl. vnT.WV e::nl.KOl. VWVl.WV. O CTR5 Kai o CTR.9, nou 
e::vKpi0nKav t.ov OK-r.wi3p10 1993, np6Ke::1-r.a1 va o-r.npi;ouv -r.nv aµo1'3aia avayvc.Jp1on 
t.nc;; £yKpionc; t.unou t.e::pµat.1Kou e::;on.Aioµou nou xpno1µono1e::i t.e::xvo.Aoyia GSM, 
QVT.1Ka0iot.c.Jvt.ac;; t.nv e::v516µe::on cyKp1on t.unou nou '3ao1~6t.av Ot.O np6t.uno NETIO. 
H e::nnaxuµcvn. e::cpapµovn t.wv o5nviwv 91/263/EOK Kai 93/97/EOK np£m::1 e::nionc;; va 
ne::pi..Aaµi36Ve::l. aµo1i3aia avavvwp1on t.OU t.e::pµat.l.1COU e::;on.A1oµou, ouµcpwva pe:: t.nv 
T.npnon T..WV i3aOl.l<WV anal. T.floe::c...>V VlO T.OU<;; T.Unouc;; e:Ke:ivouc;; .e:~on.A1oµou Vl.O T.OU<;; 
onoiouc;; 5e:v £xouv a:K6µa e:v:Kp16e:i CTR, ouµcpwva µe: -r.ic;; ~1a~1Kaoie:c;; nou 
npoi3.A£novT.a1 ot.nv o5nyia K01 T.l<; apx£c;; T.OU '!'!lq>ioµa-r.oc;; T.OU Euµ'3ou.Aiou via t.nv 
93 OOnyia t.OU ZupjlouAiou t.nc; 28nc; Iouviou 1'90 y1a t.nV llton1on t.nc; Bowt.£p11U\c; Ayop6c; t.nA£D11:01VWV10ll!N ~o11N ptaw t.nc; 
£41GW<>viic: t.nc; napoxilc; avo1noO &ut.Oou (90/387/BOK• BB L 192/1, 24. 7/90) 
94 '11691opa t.ou ZupJouAiou t.nc; 22ac: IouAiou 1993 y1a t.nv avaos6nnan t.nc; sat.dot.aonc: at.ov t.opta t.C.JV t.nA£n11:01vwv11N sai t.nv av6Y1:n 
ncpant~ av6nt.u~ ot.nv ayop6 auu'l (93/C213/0l, EB C213, 6. 8. 93). 
95 ~nvia t.ou l\JlllOuAiou t.nc; 29nc; Anpl.Aiou 1991 via t.nv Q&100tvv1an t.C.JV vopo8caii:iv t.C.JV 1:pat.C:.V )1£N:lv oxt:t.11:6 pc t.ov 
t.nA£nuo1vwv1m6 uwaus6 ctonA1op6, ncp~Javoptvm,; t.nc; Q&.101jaiac: avaV'/Wpianc: t.nc; aupJ,16pt1WOl\c; t.ou ( 91/263/IOIC- u Ll28/l, 
23. 5. 91) 
96 lt.OV Ja8p6 DOU 6£V 1:aAOnt.t:t.Ql. an6 t.nv o&nyia 93/97 /IOK 
72 
VCO npootyyion O"t.OV "t.£XVl.KO e:vapµ6vion KOl. "t.0 np6"t.Una, K00Wc; KOl. "t.OV 
OVOKOivwon Vl.O "t.OV VE:Vl.KO npootyyion 6oov 6<pop6 "t.OV nJ.Ot.onoinon KOl. t.nV 
bOKl.µn97. 
En1nA£ov, nptne:l. VO e:v0appuv0e:i n 0ton1on 51051.KOOl.Wv e:v51aµ£owv e:yKpioe:WV 
t.unou, ot.o nAaioio t.n<; Eupwna1Kn<; Eni t.ponfu; Pa5ioe:nl.KOl. vwv1Wv (ERC), 
npoKe:i.µtvou va 5ie:uKoA\Jve:t.ai. n e:<papµovn t.nc;; o5nyiac;; ot.nv m::pin"t.won nou 
ne:pi ypa<pe:t.ai avw"t.tpw, 6nou, e:v anouoia e:vKe:Kpip£vwv icoi v<l.N t.E::XVl.KWv 
KavovioµW'V, n avavvWf)ion vive:t.ai ~aoe:i t.nc;; t.npnonc; T.WV ~aoiKWv anait.6oe:wv. 
ANAnTY8H THE AMOIBAIAE ANArNOPIEHE AbEION rIA THN AEITOYPrIA ~IKTYON KINHTON 
EilIKOINONION, onoY AYTO IEXYEI 
KOl. £yKp1on o5nviac;; v l.O T.O OKon6 aUt.6, 
ouvt.ovioµou T.WV 51ab1I<ao1c.Jv e:Kxwpnonc; icai £KE><>on<; a5e:i.c.Jv, 6nou auT.6 e:ivai 
0K6n1µ0, npoKe:i.µtvou va npoweneouv t.a 5ie:upwna!Ka biKt.ua. 
Aut.6 np£ne:1 va a<pop6, 15ic.v<;, t.ic;; ne::pint.ooe:i.c;; e:Ke:ive:c;; 6nou n ooe:io56t.non 
~6m::1 oe::1p6c;; 01 t.noe:wc; e:ivai oK6ni.µn Kai e:noµtvwc; e::ivai. 5uvat.n n nAnpnc;; 
aµoi~aia avavvwpi.on t.WV pabioouxvot.nt.wv, µe: t.nv npoUn60e:on 
-+ Kl.Vnt.6 5iKt.Ua e:nllCOl.VWVlWV bopu<popiicnc;; ~6onc;. 
H Kat.6ot.aon aut.n ea KahUnt.et.Ol. an6 t.nv npoT.E:l. v6µe:vn o5nvia vi.a t.nv 
aµoi.~aia avayvc.Jpion t.wv abe:i.c.Jv via bopu<pop1K£<;; unnpeoie:c;;98· 
-+ e:nive:ia biI<t.ua K1vnt.wv e:n1Ko1vwv1c.Jv, 16iwc; oe: napaµe:06pie:c;; ne:p1ox£c;; Kal. 
ot.nv ne:pint.won Kl.Vnt.c.Jv 51.Kt.uwv nou £xouv A6~e:i. 66e:1a vi.a ibia xpnon Kai 
via xpnon an6 KAe:1ot.£c; · oµ65e::c; xpnot.wv (161wt.1ic6 5iKt.\Ja Kl.Vnt.C:W 
pabioe:nl.KOl. VWVl.WV)· 
97 '1'1'191011a 85/C136/0l, 'tOU Z"'11loUAiOU 'tnc; 7nc; Ma1ou 1985, BE C136/1, ... 6. 85 Ital. QVOltOi'll.IOn 'tftC IDl.'tpc>MC: via 'tDV ycv11t6 
npootyy1on OC 8t~'ta IUO'tODOinonc; ital. 6ox1p6c; 'tDC: 15nc; Iouviou 1989, CON.(89)209, && C267/3, 19.10.89 
98 Dp6'tOOD o6nyiac; 'tOU :E~jlOUAiOU via 'tnv ROA1't11t6 nou 090p6 'tDV Q&IOl.jSaia avay'<IWpion a6u.Wv Ital. 4AhJv C8Vl.lWv ctouo~'tftotwV 
oxc't1x6 pc 'tnv napoxi\ unnpt:ol.Wv 6opU90p1xWv 611t't(lwv sai/6 unnpcol.Wv &oplJ90pl.XWv cn1xo1""1Vl.Wv (npoc; &°"ooicuon). 
73 
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ne:pi.nt.c.Jae:ic; 6nou n xpnan icivnt.ou t.e:pµat.iicou e:~onAiaµou µnope:i va 
un6KE:l.t.Ol. OE: £ic5oan 65e:iac;, OUpq>WVO µe: t.0 KOl.VOt.l.K6 6iKOl.O. 
o auvt.oviaµ6c; t.wv 6ia5iicaaiW'V e:icxWf)nanc; icai £ic5oanc; a5e:ic.Jv µe:t.a;u e:0viicc.Jv 
icavoviat.iicW'V apxwv icailn ae: icoivot.iic6 e:nine:6o nptne:i va ne:pl.Aaµ~ave:i £ic6oan 
a6e:ic.Jv via ne:ipaµat.i.ica auat.nµat.a nou aq>opoUv unnpe:aie:c; icai t.e:xvoAoyie:c; nou 
KaAUnt.ouv nave:upwna!ictc; avavice:c;, 
6i.e:upwna!KWv 5l.Kt.UWV. ae: axton µe: t.nv 5nµioupyia 
0EEilIEH nANEYPOnA!KOY KOh.IKA EYMnEPI~PAE rIA ~PEIE nAPOXHE YilHPEEION 
6nwc; n 
npoat.aaia 6e:!>oµ£vwv Kai n npoat.aaia t.ou i.6i.wt.i.icou anoppnt.ou, ica0Wc; icai 
np6t.una ae: axtan µe: t.nv µovi.µ6t.nt.a, t.nv 5ia0e:aiµ6t.nt.a Kal. t.nv noi6t.nt.a t.wv 
unnpe:aic.Jv, icai n 0£anian icat.e:ueuvt.npiwv vpaµµwv axe:t.i.ic6 µe: t.ic; t.e:xviic£c;, 
xpnµat.o5ot.iic£c; icai e:µnopiictc; npa1Ct.1.K£c; at.ov t.oµ£a99, nou auµµo~W'Vovt.ai µe: 
t.ouc; icav6ve:c; avt.avwviaµou l<C_l. a£~ovt.ai. t.nv av6vicn \J\!ffiAOU e:nin£5ou npoat.aaiac; 
t.OU KQt.QV.aAWt.fl. 
EYMfll\HPOEH TOY f1AAIEIOY noY A~PA THN NEA IlPOEErrIEH ETON 
P~IOEYXNOTHTON ETHN KOINOTHTAlOO EYNTONIEMO 
auµq>wva µe: t.o l!ffiqnaµa 90/Cl66/02 t.ou Euµ~ouAiou, 6nc.><;; auµnAnpc.J9n:Ke: an6 t.O 
'!ffiq>iaµa 92/C318/0I 101t.ou Euµ~ouAiou, via t.nv npowenan at.e:vnc; auve:pvaaiac; µe: t.nv 
Enit.ponn Pa6ioe:ni.Kol.vwvi.c.Jv (ERC)/ t.O Eupwna!ic6 rpaq>e:io 
Pa6ioe:ni.Koi vwviwv (ERO) Kai t.nv avavvwpian t.ou p6.hou t.wv anoq>6ae:wv t.nc; ERC we; 
t.nc; npwt.apxi.Knc; µe:866ou ~iaaq>6Ai.anc; t.nc; napoxnc; t.wv anapai.t.nt.wv auxvot.nt.wv, 
npoat.at.e:6ovt.ac; nap6.h.hn.ha t.a auµq>tpovta t.nc; Eupwna!Knc; 'Evwanc;. 
Kupia at.oi.xe:ia t.ou n.haiaiou aut.ou npcm::i va anot.e:.ho\Jv n a\Jva'!fI1 µvnµoviou 
auµq>wviac; KOl. auµ~aan n.1'.aiaio nou va e:ni t.p£ne:i t.nv av69e:an tpvou at.cue; 
99 Tt-i;oiou ci6ouc; xa-i;cu&~ilpuc; ypa1.11.1tc; 1.1nopoOV va n£pl.AQl,l,l!avouv 1.1t-i;pa nou QIPOPOOV -i;nv aV"til,lc"twnion "tnc; am-i;nc;. 
100 Nta npootyyion via "tOV OUV"tOV:LOl,l6 "ti.IV pa6100UXVO"til"tWV O"tnV KOlV~"tn"ta, QVa&OiV\.ICJn "tnc; !n1-i;poru\c; Vla "tnv ~"taon an6~nc; "tOU 
Z"'1J!ouAiou oxc-i;1xa pc -i;nv C<PQppovil an6 "ta xpa-i;n ptAn pt-i;pwv nou 090poOV -i;1c; pa6ioouxv6"tn"tcc;, COM(93)382, 10.9.93. 
101 '1'1\tp1opa -i;ou Z"'1J!ouAiou "tou Iouviou 1990 via "tnv cvioxuon -i;nc; navcu&ico1na1xilc; ouvcpvaoiac; oxc-i;1x6 pc "t1c; pa61oouxv6-i;n-i;cc, i6iwc 
6oov 090p0· -i;1c; unnpcoicc p£ navcu&ico1nalxil·616o"taon (90/C166/02· !! Cl66/4, 7.7.90) xai 
'1'1\tp1opa -i;ou 1"'1JouAiou -i;nc; 19nc NocpJpiou 1992 via -i;nv c<PQPpoyil o-i;nv Ko1v6-i;n-i;a -i;wv anopcwv -i;nc !u&ico1na1xfic Bnupom\c 
pa61ocnixo1vwv.i,Wv (92/C318/01• BB C318/l, 4. 12. 92). 
BAtn.c cnionc; 0"'1D£p6opa"ta -i;ou. Z"'1J!ouA1ou -i;nc; 7nc .l!A:xcpJpiou 1993. 
74 
opyavioµouc; aui:ouc;, npoKe:iµ£vou va e:ne:~e:pyao0o6v i<oiv£c; ~t:>ve:c; ouxvoi:I'rtwv, 
e:cp6oov £xe:i bnµioupyn8e:i n KaT.6AAnAn voµii<n ~aon yia i:£i:oiou e:ibouc; 
ouve:pyaoia. 
~HMIOYPrIA Ill\AU:IOY OOY NA A~PA TO EYNTONIEMO ETON TOMEA THE APIEM:l~OTHEHE, 
i:o onoio va oi:npi~ci:ai oi:nv npoo£yyion n onoia £xci avaA.n~0ci oc oxton pc 
T.OV ouvi:ov10µ6 T.WV pa~l.OOUXVOt.I'rtwv nou m;pl. ypOcpe'tOl QV<.JT.Cp<.J. 
Euµcpwva µe: i:o ~ncpioµa 92/318102102 i:ou Euµ~ouAiou, cva i:£i:oio n.Aaioio np£nci va 
npo~A£ne:1 oi:e:vn ouve:pvaoia µe: 
Kavov10T.1KWV 0e:µ6i:wv (ECTRA)ho i:nv EupwnaYKn Enii:ponn TriAe:n1Ko1vwviaKc.Jv 
EupwnaYK6 rpacpe:io TnAe:nl.KOl. VWVl.Wv (ETO), 
np6yµa i:o onoio npoc; i:o nap6v ~pioKci:ai oe: oi:a5io 0e:onioe:wc;. 
Kupia oi:o1xe:ia np£ne:i va anoi:e:Aouv n OUvC'l'fl µvnµoviou ouµcpwvia~ Kai oUµ~aon 
n.Aaioio nou va e:nii:ptnouv i:nv av60e:on £pyou oi:ou~ opyavioµou~ aUT.ou~, µe: i:ov 
npwi:apxiK6 oi:6xo va bnµioupynoouv £vav e:upwnaYK6 xt:>po api9µo66i:non~ Kai va 
av<JA6~ouv i:ov anapai i:m:.o ouvi:ovioµ6 i:wv c0viKWv avoµopq><.Joe:wv i:wv ouoi:nµai:wv 
api8µo66i:nonc;, ibiwc;, 6oov acpop6 i:nv npoowniicn ap18µ066i:non. 
~IAE~AJ\IEH THE ilPOETAEIAE TON ilPOEOilIKON A~OMENON KAI TOY I~IOTIKOY 
AnOPPHTOY ETO ill\AIEIO TON 't'H~IAKON ~IKTYON KINHTON EilIKOINONION 
KQ1 EVKp1on OT.O nAaiOlO QUT.6 T.n<; npoT.€1 v6µe:vn<; re:Vl.1C6<; 06nyia<; Vl.a T.IlV 
npooi:aoia i:wv npoowniicwv be:boµ£vwv Kai i:nv npoi:e:1 v6µe:vn obnyia via i:nv 
npooi:aoia i:.ou ibl.W"tl.Kou anoppn"tou oi:.o ne:pi.~6.AAov i:.wv 'l'flcpl.aKc.Jv 6i.Ki:.uwv103. 
Aui:.6 Sa e:v1oxuoe:1 i:.nv npooi:aoia i:.wv npoown1Kwv 6e:6oµ£vwv Kai i:ou 161wi:1Kou 
anopprhou oi:.o n.l\.oioio i:.wv unnpe:oic.Jv i:6oo i:wv oi:aee:pc:,v 600 Kal. i:wv Kl. vn-tc.Jv 
l!fficp 1 aKc.Jv 6 u:: i:. uwv. 
Ke:vi:p1K6 oi:oixe:io i:ou vtou ne:p1~6l\.Aovi:oc; np£ne:i va e:ivai n biai:npnon i:ou 
16iwi:iKou anoppni:ou, ibiw~ 6oov acpop6 i:nv e:ne:~e:pvaoia 6e:6oµ£vwv nou acpopol.hr 
102 'l'l'Mp1opa 'tou ZUllJouA1:ou 'tnc;; 19nc;; HO£lli1PioU 1992 v.i.a 11.nv npoc:ienon navcupwnal.sJM; ouvcpyooiac;; 6oov QCfOp6 'tnv 0£>1&ilo66'tnon 'tWY 
'tM£Dll01'\IUY1axWv unn4)£0WV ( 92/CJli/02, BB C318/2, 4. 12. 92 ). 
103 TPC>nono1nptvn IJ¢'taon o6nyiac;; 'tou 2:\Jll4louA1ou via 'tnv npoo'taoia 'ti.IV 1611.nwv 6oov 0Cf0p6 'tnv enct£pyaoia ~HWY 6e6opt-AIY sa1 
'tnv £A£08cpn 6J.aS1vnon au'tW'I 'ti.IV Oc6optvuv, (92/422/IOK· 15.12.92 )n rcv1s6 oonvia via 'tnv npoo'taoia 'tOU 16l.W'tisoO ano~6'tou( 
sai n npoot:xnc;; 't.ponono1n1o1tvn np6't.aon o6nviac;; nov ~p6 'tnv npoo't.0010 'tOU i.6:u.11:1soO anopp6't.ou scu &c6or,lt'llUY cno nAaioio 'tl.N 
1fll910SWv ~l.lt'tWv 'tM£Dl.J:01YIJYWY, l.61ai't£PQ O'tO wnt11as6 61nuo o>.os~tvwv Ul'lftpt:OJ.Wv (ISON) SQ1 O'tQ lfDll10S4 lt1Yn't4 6inua 
(npoc;; 6n&.1001£uon). 
75 
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6i.Ki:.uou nou nap£xovi:.ai µtow oi:.a8e::pc.Jv Kai Kivni:.wv 51.K'tUWV. 
Kupia ~ni:.nµai:.a anoi:.e::.ho6v n npooi:.aoia i:.nc;; e::µnioi:.e::ui:.iK6i:.ni:.ac; i:.wv e::niKoivwviW'V 
Kal:.6 i:.n 6i6pKe::ia µe::i:.a66oe::wv µ£ow pa6ioouv5£oµwv, n atrt6µ0't.n Kai:.aypa<pn 11:.n<; 
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't.OV e::v'tonioµ6 'tnc; 9£oe::~ 't.WV ouv6poµni:.W'V O'tic; K\J\!ICAe::c; 't.WV Kl.vn't.Wv K\J\!IE:AW't.Wv 
OUO'tnµ6"t.WV, Ka8W<; Kal. via 'tnV Ae::i"toupvia 'tWV unnpe::Ol.Wv vonµ6vwv 51.K't.UWV. 
Aui:.6 np6Ke::ii:.ai va e::ivai anapaii:.ni:.o via i:.nv npooi:.aoia i:.nc; e::µnioi:.oo6vnc; 't.OU 
KOl.VOU 01:.0 µe::A.hovi:.iK6 ne::pi~6AAov npoOWTil.KWv e::niKoivwviW'V. 
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µ£vio'to 6<pe::.hoc; an6 i:.ic; npoi:.6oe::i.c;. 
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Vl.a i:.nv 6nµ6oia ano5oxn 'tWV µe::AAOV'tl.KWV e::~e::.hi;e::wv O'tOV i:.oµ£a. 
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pa6ioouxvoi:.ni:.wv 600 Kal. via i:.nv api.9µo66"tnon, Ka9Wc; Kai oi:.npiK1:.iK6 £pvo via 
i:.nv e::nii:.e::u;n i:.wv oi:.6xwv aui:.wv· 
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76 
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HAE:KT.pot.e:xviicnc; Tuncncinonc; (CENELEC). AUT.n n ouve:pyaoia np£ne:i va bic;6ye:T.al. 
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e:T.aipe:iwv i<at.aoice:unc; e:~onAioµcu. 'Oncu e:ivai oic6niµc, µncpe:i va e:ne:ict.e:iVf;t.01 
0e:oni~ovT.ai an6 cpcpe:ic; e:icµe:i:CiAAe:uonc; icai/n 
1 llIAI:<bAJ\II:H THI: ~I:~AJ\EIAI: KAI nPOI:TAI:IA TON nEPIBA1V\ONTIKON ZHTHMATON I:TO 
MElV\ONTIKO nEPIBAlV\ON KINHTON KAI nPOI:OnIKON EnIKOINONION 
Ke::vi:piica ~ni:nµm.a ncu np£ne::i va e:;e:i:ao0c\Jv e:i vai n n>..e:ici:poµayvnt.u::n 
ouµ~at.6t.nT.a icai n ni0av6T.nt.a ~nµic.Jv oi:nv uye:ia an6 t.nv £ic0e:on oe: 
nAE:KT.pcµayvnT.l.lCil QK"'C.l.VC~CAia. H Enn.ponn npou:ive:l. va T.e:0e:i oe: icivnon cva 
e:Kt.e:T.aµtvc ·np6ypaµµa bp6onc; yia va e:nii:axuv9cuv T.a anapaiT.nT.a np6i:una 
aocpal\.e:iac;, ica9Wc; e:nionc; icai va nap£xe:i ye:viicn ica0cbnynon oT.cv xc;,po aui:.6. 
Aut.6 np£ne:i va ouve:n6ye:t.ai ibiwc;: 
--. T.axe:ia e:Kn6vnon nave:upwna!icwv npot.unwv aocp6Ae:iac; nou a<popo\Jv t.ic; 
0e:pµiic£c; e:nint.Woe:ic; t.nc; ClC"'C.l.VO~OAiac;, ouµcpwva µe: t.nv E:VT.OAil nou 
ouµcpwvn9nice: µe: T.nv CEN-CENELECyia t.nv 0£onion e:upwnalicWV' npot.un<JV OT.CV 
n 
r:.v A.6vw t.oµ£a, {36or:.i t.wv o~nyiwv 91/263/EOK icai 93/97/EOK1°", 73/23/EOK105icai 
89/336/EOK 106. 
-+ npor:.t.01µaoia npoypaµµat.o<; e::pyaoia<; yia t.nV QVQnt.U~n ~upwna!KWv npot.UnWV 
icai t.nv e::1n.iµnon t.wv oxr:.t.l.KWv 5paot.npiot.nt.wv, icaec:x; icai £pe::uva oxe::t.iica 
µr:. t.a ovoµa~6µr:.va a9r:.pµiic6 ~a1v6µr:.va, {36oe::i t.wv u~iot.aµ£vwv e::vr.oA.Wv CEN­
CENELEC· 
-+ oA.oic::A.npwon CA.An<; r:.pe::uvnt.iic::nc; 5paot.npi6t.nt.ac;;, i~iwc;;, t.n<;; ouve::xi~6µe::vnc;; 
r:.pvaoiac;; ot.o nA.aioio COST· 
-+ napaico~ouenon niSavwv npo{3A.nµ6t.wv nA.r:.ict.poµayvnt.iicnc; ouµ{3at.6t.nt.ac; nou 
5nµioupyowt.ai µe:: CA.Ao nA.e::Kt.pl.K6 e~onA.10µ6, 6nwc;; aicouot.iic::a {3apuicoiac;, 
{3nµat.o~6u:c; icap516c;;, ouot.nµat.a aut.oici vnt.ou ABS ic::ai ic::aA.ooiaic6 ouot.nµat.a· 
£ic5oon €Vt.OAWV npoc;; t.nv CEN-CENELEC via t.nv r:.icn6vnon t.WV Kat.aAA.nA.wv 
r:.upwnaYicwv npot.unwv via e::vioxuon t.n<; npoot.aoiac;, 6nou aut.6 e::ivai 
anapait.nt.o icai ot.o {3a0µ6 nou 5e::v icaA.unt.r:.t.ai an6 nponvouµe::ve::c;; e::vr.oA.£c;· 
-+ t.axe::ia oA.oicA.npwon t.wv e::upwnaYicwv npot.unwv ot.ov t.oµ£a aut.6 oe:: TBR(Koiv£c; 
Te::xv1ic£c; B6or:.ic; yia Ap18µ0~6t.non)ica1 CTR(Koivoi Tr:.xviicoi Kavovioµoi)nou 
xpno1µono1ouvt.a1 icat.6 t.nv £vicpion icivnt.ou fl oxr:.t.iicou r:.~onJ...ioµou. 
Ilpoicr:.1µ£vou va µe::iw8r:.i n ouvoA.iicn nA.r:.ict.poµayvnt.iicn £ic9r:.on, t.a xapaict.npiot.iic::6 
r:.ic::noµnnc; xaµnA.nc; ioxuo<;, i5iwc;; yia r:.~onA.10µ6 xr:.ip6<;, np£nr:.1 
onµavt.iic6 Kpit.npio Kat.6 t.nv µeA.A.ovt.iKn av6nt.u~n npot.unwv, 
ouot.nµ6t.wv icai t.nv av6nt.u;n ouot.nµ6t.wv. va anot.r:.A.£oouv 
t.ov oxr:.5iaoµ6 
Ilpoicr:.1µ£vou va npoot.at.euet.ai t.o nr:.p1{36A.Aov icai va A.aµ{36vovt.ai un6\.lffi ~nt.nµat.a 
xwpot.a~iac;, np£nr:.1 va £Knovn8ow np6t.una nou Sa 5Woouv t.nv 5uvat.6t.nt.a icoivnc; 
xpnoe::wc;; t.ono0r:.oiwv icai uno5oµnc; pa51e::n1ico1vwv1Wv. 
104 06nyia 'tou Z\lllJou.>.iou 'tnc;: 29nc;: Anpi>..iou 1991 via 'tnv npootyyion 'tWV vopo8coi.c:iv 'tWV ll:PQ'tWv pcN:iv oxcu.11:6 pc 'tOV 
'tn1\cn1.11:01~i011:6 uwa'tl.11:6 c~onl\l.0\16, ncpl.>..apJavoptvnc;: 'tnc;: apoiJaiac;: ava¥VWPionc;: 'tnc;: O\lllp6pqiwoflc;: 'tOU ( 91/263/EOIC• u L 128/1, 
23.5.91) 
06nvia 'tOU Z\lllJOul\iou 'tnc;: 29nc;: Olt'tCJllpiOU 1993 via 'tDV 0\lllnAflpwon 'tnc;: o6nviac;: 91/263/BOK OXC'tl.11:6 pc 'tOV C~OnAl.0\16 ~pU90pl.ll:Wv 
O'ta&pWv c069ouc;: (93/97/EO~· EE L290/0l, 24. 11.93) 
105 06nvia 'tou ZupJou.>.iou 'tnc;: 19nc;: •cJpouQ&>iou 1973 via 'tnv cv~6vion 'twv vopo8col.Wv 'twv ll:PQ'tWv pcN:iv oxc'ti11:6 pc 'tov n.>.cs'tpixd 
c~onl\l.0\16 nou civa1 oxc&iaoptvoc;: via xpflon cv't6c;: opiopt~ opiwv &uvapixoO (73/23/EOK• U L77/29, 26.3.73) 
106 06nv1a 'tou Z\lllJQu.>.iou 'tnc;: 3nc;: Ma1ou 1989 via 'tnv npootyyion 'tWV vopo8coi.c:iv 'tWV XPQ'tWv pcN:iv OXC'tl.11:6 pc 'tnv n.>.cx'tpopayvn'tufl 
oupja'td'tn'ta (89/336/BOK, U Ll39/19, 23. 5. 89) xai o&nvia 'tou ZupJou.>.iou 'tnc;: 28nc;: AIJ&>l.Aiou 1992 via 'tnv 'tpe>nonoinon 'tnc;: 
o6nviac;: 89/336/BOIC oxn1.11:6 pc 'tnv npootyyion 'tWV vopo8coi.c:iv 'twv JtPQ'tWv pcN:!v nou 090,poOv 'tnv n1\CX'tpopayvn't11tfl O\lllJO'td'tn'ta 
(92/31/EOIC• U L126/111, 12. 05. 92). 
78 
2 H Eni-r.ponn npo-r.e:ive:i va 5o9e:i ei5i.Kn npoooxn o-r.a ~n-r.nµa-r.a aut.6 o-r.ic; 
µe:llov-r.uctc; e:vt.o.A£c; -r.unonoinonc; npoc; t.o eupwnaYic6 ivot.it.out.o t.unonoinonc; 
o-r.ov -r.oµ£a -r.wv t.n.Aeniicoi vwviwv (ETSI) Kai npoc; t.nv CEN-CENELEC, ica0Wc; KOl. Kat.6 
t.nv npoe:t.oiµaoia 0£oe:wv ot.a 5ie:0vn Forat.unonoinonc;. 
IlP009HEH THE TYilOilOIHEHE rIA THN lHA:t«>MI EH AIAl:YNllEEHE KAI 
AIAJ\EITOYPrIKOTHTAE, 
t.600 µcow t.ou tvI<aipou icaeopioµou t.wv 61e:naqx.Jv 600 icai µtow t.nc; 6ieuic6Auvonc; 
t.nc; aµoi~aiac; avavvwpioe::ux; t.wv evicpioe:wv t.linou via icivnt.6 t.cpµat.iic6 
e:~on.Aioµ6. 
Ooov aq>op6 t.nv 6iaouv6e:on KOl. t.nv 61.aA£1."t.OUPVl.K6t.nt.a, tva ne:pi~OA.hov via t.nv 
µe:llov-r.iicn avoi.Kt.n 6iaoliv5e:on ouot.nµ6t.wv anait.e:i ouoiaot.iicn np6o5o ot.ov 
ica0opioµ6 e:upwnaYicwv npot.unwv. Ta np6i:.una nptne:i va npoo6iopi~ouv t.ic; nAcov 
fjaOl.KE<; 6ie:na~£<;, e::nit.p£novt.a<; napQAAn.Aa £U£Al.~ia Vl.a Kaivoi:.6µe:<; 
npooe:yyioe:ic;. 
Euµ~wva µe: -r.ic; µe:.At-r.e:c; nou txo'uv ava.An~0e:i, au-r.6 nptne:i va a<popa i5iaiu:pa: 
--+. -r.nv 5u:naq>n µe:-r.a~u uno6oµnc; Kl. vnt.W\r 5iic-r.uwv icai o-r.a0e:pc.Jv 5iict.uwv, oi:.o 
f3a0µ6 nou 5e:v KaAun-r.e:-r.ai an6 -r.nv -r.ptxouoa e:pvaoia via t.a np6t.un~ 
--+. -r.ic; 6ie:na~£c;, .Ae:i -r.oupviic6-r.m:.e:c; icai oi:.oixe:ia unnpe:oiW'V nou 5iat.i0e:Vt.al. 
an6 -r.ouc; ~ope:ic; e:i<µe:-r.6AAe:uonc; i<ivni:.C:W 51.Kt.uwv ot.ouc; ave:~6pt.n-r.ouc; ~ope:ic; 
napoxnc; unnpe:oiwv· 
--+. i:.ic; 5ie:na~£c; nou 5iai:.i0e:vi:.ai via t.nv np6of3aon ot.ic; 
.Ae:i -r.oupvii<6"tni:.e::c; t.ou(t.wv) 6nµooiou(wv) ot.a0e:poU(wv) 51.Kt.uou(wv)· vonµove:c; 
--+. i:.ic; 5ie:na~£c; nou np6i<e:it.ai va npoo~e:p0oU'v oe: Kl.vnt.6 51ic-r.ua nou 
AE:l. l.OUPVOUv via i5ia xpnon n via xpnon an6 KA£l.Ot.£c; oµ66e:c; xpnot.Wv 
(i5iwt.l.K6 Kl. vnt.6 6iKt.ua), oo-r.e: va e:ni "tptne:t.al. n 6iaoU'v5e:on µe: t.o{t.a} 
6nµ6oio(a) oi:.a9e:p6(a) 6inuo(a)· 
79 
-+ 5ie:naq>cc; 01 onoie:c; e:nit.pcnouv 6µe:on 5iao\iv5e:on t.wv Kl.Vnt.Wv' 5i.Kt.uwv nou 
~aoi~oVLal. e:iLe: ot.nv 1510 e:iLe: oe: 51aq>ope:t.1K£c; t.e:xvoAovie:c;. 
H Ennponn npot.i0e:Lal. va ~e:Kivnoe:i np6vpaµµa e:VLoAWv Lunonoinonc; npoc; LO ETSI, 
npoKe:iµcvou va e:nit.axuve:i t.nv e:Kn6vnon npot.unwv ot.ov xWf)o aut.6. Aut.6 ea cxe:i we; 
f36on Kai ea ouµnAnpwve:i t.ic; -r.p£xouoe:c; e:pvaoie:c; ot.o nAaioio t.ou ETSI Kai ot.o 
nAaioio t.wv 5iacp6pwv µvnµoviwv ouµcpwviac; nou ouv6n-r.oVLai an6 cpope:ic; 
e:icµe:-r.OAA.e:uonc; icivnt.Wv 5iK-r.uwv icailn Ka-r.aoice:uao-r.c.Jv via -r.nv e:cpapµovn ouo-r.nµ6-r.wv. 
Ooov acpop6 -r.nv 5ie:uK6Auvon t.nc; aµoif3aiac; avayvWf)ionc; t.wv e:vKpioe:wv t.Uriou, 01 
e:pvaoie:c; np£ne:i va e:niKe:v-r.pw0o6v at.a e:~nc;: 
-+ e:ni -r.6xuvon -r.nc; e:Kn6vnonc; Kai ouµnAnpwonc; npot.um.Jv o-r.o ETSI nou acpopoUv 
"tl.<; v£e:c; ~ncpiaK£c; "tE:XVOAOyie:c;, ibic.J<;: 
e:vioxuµ£va xapaK-r.npiO"tl.K6 "tOU ouo-r.nµa-r.oc; GSM, -r.600 via cpwvn 600 
Kai via be:boµ£va icai via "tO DCS-1800· 
DECT, Digital Cordless Telecommunications -e:upwnaIK£c; 'J!I1cpiaic£c; aoupµat.e:c; 
' "tnAe:niKOl. vwvie:c;· 
TFrS, Terrestrial Flight Telecommunications System 
t.nAe:niKoivwviac; e:v nt.noe:i· 
Kl. vn-r.6 E>e::E>oµtva· 
TETRA, t.O ouot.nµa 
pabioe:nl.KOl.VWVl.Wv· e:nive:io ouot.nµa 
~e:uict.iiconoinµ£vwv 
DSRR, Digital ShortRange Radio -'J!I1<piaic£c; pabioe:niKoivwvie:c; f3paxe:iac; 
e:µf3£Ae::iac;· 
Aoupµa-r.a LAN KQl. aoupµat.o PABX· 
80 
~uo"tnpm.a ici vn"twv icai npoowniic<.:>v e::niicoi vwvi<.:>v ~opucpopiicnc; 
!36oe::v.x;. 
-+ "taxe::ia e::vowµ6"twon "tWV oxe:"titcc.Jv "tpnµ6"twv "tCJ.N avtl.o"toixCJ.N npo"tunc.w o"touc;; 
TBR icai CTR· 
~l.anl.O"te::UµCVWV E:PVOO"tnpic.JV OOlCl.P,O<; O"tOV XWpo OU'T.6. 
nA.aioio ucpio"taµ£vwv Kol. vo"tiicwv npovpaµp6"tCJ.N101. A1.Tt6 ea vive::l. O"tO 
Em. "t.6xuvon T.OU' opioµou "t.WV 61e:nacpc.Jv KOl. O"tilpl.~n "t.WV anapal. "til"t.WV 13nµ6"tWV yia 
"t.nv T.axe:ia aµoi!3aia avayvc.Jpion T.n<;; £yicpionc;; "t.Unou OT.l.<; 13aoiictc; µe:.AAovT.i.ictc; 
T.e:xvoA.ovie:c;: ici vnT.c.Jv ouoT.nµ6"twv ano"te:A.oi.Jv npoUn60e:on via "tnv uA.onoinon T.OU 
nA.npouc;: buvapl.lCOU "t.n<; avop6c;. AnoT.e:A.e:i e:nionc; T.OV !36on Vl.O "tnV e:cpapµovn 
avoi.icT.ou ne:pi!36.AAovT.oc;, ouµcpwva µe: T.l.<; apx£c; "tnc; o5nviac;; 90/387/EOK108 icai 
e:cpapµoync; T.n<; e:vicpioe:v.x; "t.Unou via "to oUvoA.o "tn<; Koiv6"tn"tac;, olipcpwva µe: "ti<; 
obnyie::c; 91/263/EOK icai 93/97/EOK109. 
H EniT.ponn npo"ti0e:T.ai va 5<.Joe:i U\J!flAl'l npoT.e:pai6T.n"ta o"touc; oT.6xouc; al.Ttouc;; 6oov 
acpop6 "tl.<; e:v"toA.cc; T.n<; T.unonoinonc;: npoc;: "to Eupwnaiic6 IvoT.l. "tOU"tO Tunonoinonc; 
OT.CV T.oµ£a T.WV T.OAe:nu:Ol. VWVl.Wv Kai VO ~l.a"tnpnoE:l. OT.E:VC<; e:na<p£<; via "ta 
~m.nµaT.a au"t6, ibiwc;:, µe:: "t.nv e:ibu:n oµ6ba ici vn"tc.Jv e:niicoi vwvic.Jv (SMG) "tn<; 
Te:xviicnc; Eni T.ponnc; (TC) T.ou ETSI, µe: -cnv TC RES (Te::xviicn Eni "tponn, Tunonoinon 
Pabioe:~onA.ioµou), icai T.nv TC SES (Te:xviicn Eni.T.ponn, ~opucpopiicoi ~"ta0µoi 
Eb6cpouc;, n onoia e::nionc; aoxoA.e:i -cal. µe: "t.a ici vn-c.6 u:pµa"ti.tc6, ~opU<popiicnc;: 
!36o~wc;:). 
3 KA90PIEMOE IlPOTEPAIOTHTON rIA TON EYNTONIEMO EYXNOTHTON noy AlbCPA ME KINHTEE 
KAI IlPOEOilIKEE EilIKOINONIEE 
108 ~nyia l:OU Z\lll,OUJ\iou uu:; 28nc:; lOUViOU 1990 yi.a UlV etonl.on l:DC.: COW'tCpl.lt~ ayop4c; U1A£Dl.ltOl.YWVl.axWv \Jtm4)COlWv ptow l:DC.: 
C90PPoy1\c; l:nc; ~aru:: QVOl.ltl:OO 611tl:Oou (90/387/BOK• Bl L192/l, 24.7.90) 
109 ~nvia l:OU Z\lll'ou>.iou l:nc; 28nc; Anpil\iou 1991 via l:nv rf4X>Otvvion l:WV vopo8col.Wv l:t.IV 1t.PQ1:Wv pcN:lv oxs:u.1t6 pc l:ov 
l:nAcru.xoi.vwviCUt6 uppaux6 c~onJ\iop6, ncpil\apl!avoptvru: l:nc; apoi.Jaiac; ava~i.onc; l:nc; oupp6'>tw<J~ l:OU (91/263/BOK, II L 128/1, 
23.5.91), sai ~nvia l:Ou ZUllJouJ\iou l:nc; 29nc Oltl:wiSpiou 1993 via l:n O\lll~n l:ftC ~nviac; 91/263/llOK 6oov 090p6 l:OV ctonJ\1op6 
6opU90p11tWv Ol:attpWv c~uc; (93/97/IOl(o Bl L290/l, 24.11. 93J. 
81 
Onwc; ava~£pe:t.ai ot.ic;; 8£oe:ic;;, oi 1Cupie:c;; npot.e:pai6t.nt.e:c;; t.nc;; Eupwna!Kn<; 'Evwonc;; 
via t.ov ouvt.ovioµ6 pabioouxvot.nt.wv nou a~opa Kivnt.£<; e:niKoivwvie:<; e:K~pa~ouv 
t.nv anait.non via t.nv n.hnpn Kai ouvt.ovioµtvn e:~apµovn t.wv ano~aoe:wv nou 
e1'.n<p0noav Kat.a t.nv nayK60µ1a 6101Knt.1Kn ouv6160Keqm pa6iem.Koivwvic.Jv ot.o 
Torremolinos, 1992 (W ARC 92). 
Taut.6xpova, np£ne:i va lCat.apvnSo\Jv µia oe:ipa ~paxunp68e:oµe:c;; ot.e:vooe:i<; ot.nv 
e:KxWf>non ouxvot.nt.wv, npoKe:iptvou va e:ni t.pane:i n av6nt.u~n t.n<; ayop6<; e:Vt.6<; 
t.n<; Eupwna!Kn<; 'Evwon<;. 
ouµq>wvia via t.ic;; ~wve:c;; ouxvot.nt.wv nou aq>opoUv t.o ouot.nµa DCS-1800 
ot.nv Eupwna!Kn 'Evwon Kai avt.iKat.6ot.aon t.wv ioxuouo<.Jv ouot.aoe:wv 
ERC an6 be:oµe:ut.un an6q>aon ERC, ne:pi.haµ~avoµ£vwv ouyKe:Kpiµtvwv 
xpovobiavpaµµat.wv e:KxWf>nonc;;· 
OUvt.a~n anoq>aoe:c..x; ERC via t.nv €1CXWpnon e:vapµovioµtvwv twvc.Jv Kai 
e:naplCWV n6pwv OUXVOt.Ot.WV via t.O 'iffiq>1aK6 KiVnt.6 OUOt.nµa te:u~e:wc; 
(TETRA), ne:pi.haµ~avoµ£vou ouyKe:Kpiµtvou xpovobiavpaµµat.o<; 
e:KxWf>nonc;;· 
ot.o n.haioio t.nc;; e:q>apµovnc;; t.wv anoq>aoe:wv t.nc;; W ARC 92, oUvt.a~n 
anoq>6oe:wc;; ERCvia t.ic;; ~c.Jve:c;; ouxvot.nt.wv· nou aq>opoUv t.a ouot.nµat.a 
npoowniKwv e:niKoivwviwv bopuq>opiKn<;; ~aoe:wc; (ne:pi.haµ~avoµ£vwv t.wv 
ovoµa~oµ£vwv bopuq>opiKwv ouot.nµ6t.wv xaµn.hnc;; ve:wKe:vt.piKnc;; t.poxiac;; 
(LEO)). 
-+ ve:vuc6c;; ot.6xoc;;: 
EVKaipoc;; Ka8oRioµ6<; Kai xpovobiavpaµµa €KXWpnonc;; via t.i<;; ~Wve:<;; 
nou Kpat.n8nicav Kat.6 t.nv WARC 92 via t.O Me:llovt.iic6 navic6oµio 
~uot.nµa Kivnt.wv Tn.he:niicoivwviwv (lndl'SYt.o Me:llovt.iic6 bnµ6oio 
82 
4. Enive:io LUor.nµa Kivnr.wv TnAe:niKoivwviwv (FP~) oi:.nv ne:pioxn 
1885-2025 KQl 2110 • 22()() MHz. 
Aur.6 e:~ao<p<lAi~e:i ve:viKn ~e:~a16r.ni:.a via i:.ic;; µe::AAovt.1Kt<;; i:.oµe::aKt<;; 
e:~e:Ai~e:ic;; or.nv Eupwnal.Kn 'Evwon. 
H Eni r.ponn npor.i0e:r.ai va napaKoAouanoe:i oi:.e:v6 r.nv n.Anpn e::cpapµoyn, an6 r.a 
icp6"rn µO~n, anocp6oe:wv or.cue;; r.oµe:ic;; aui:.ouc;; npo"te:pai6r.nr.ac;;, Ka0Wc;; Kai r.wv 
o~nviwv 87/372/EOK, 91/287/EOK KOl. 90/544/E9K "t.OU Eu~ou.Aiou Vl.O "tnV £KXWpnon 
OUXV"t.Ot.n"t.WV nou aq>opoUv "t.O V£VlK6 ouoi:.npa Kl vn"t.Wv e:nl.KOl. VWVl.Wv (GSM), "tl.<;; 
Eupwnal.Ktc;; 'l'n<piaKtc;; Aoupµau:c;; TnAe:niKoivwvie:c;; (DECT), Kai t.o nave:upwnal.K6 
~n~iaK6 ouor.nµa T.nAe:e:ibonoinonc; (ERMES) Ka0Wc; KOl ucpioi:.6µe:ve:c;; anoq>6oe:ic; ERC, 
6nw<;; T.nv an6~aon ERC via T.O T.nAe:q>WVlK6 ouoi:.nµa e:nive:iwv ni:.noe:wv (TFI'S), n 
onoia nap£xe:i t.nv ~6on via t.nv t.axe:ia e:ioavwyn t.wv bnµooiwv unnpe:oic.Jv 
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S ~IEYKOAYNtH THt ANAilTY8Ht ~IEYPOOA!KON ~IKTYON BAtUMENON tE TEXNOAOrIEt 
KINHTON KAI IlPOtOilIKON EilIKOINONION, 
110 AIJ6tlaon 'tOU IU}lJ<>uAiou uu: 29nc; IouAiou via 'tftV noaywyn cviaiou cupwncUsoO apil}loO s:Miocc.M; cin6inou avdysnc; (91/396/&0IC• U L 
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6 EilE8EPr~IA KOINON KOINOTIKON 0EEEON OEON A~PA TPITEE XQPEE KAI ~IAE~AJ\IEH 
IlPOEBAEHE ETHN ArOPA rIA TIE XQPEE AYTEE, 
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Kupioi ot.6xoi np£ne:i va eivai: 
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86 
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7 ~YNEXIZOMENH ~THPI8H TH~ E8El\I8H~ nPo~ TO nArKO~MIO ~Y~THMA KINHTON 
THl\Eil I KO I NONI ON, 
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92 
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93 
Figure Al: Telecommunications mobiies europeenn~ a la fin de 1993 : 
donnees orincipales 
1. USAGERS 
Nombre total d'utilisateurs de communications mobiles en Europe1 ... 15.800.000 
sur les reseaux publics2 ............................................................................. 70o/o 
I , . , 3 300/ sur es reseaux pnves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -,• 
fonctionnant sur systemes analogiques4 .................................................•..•. 91 % 
et sur systemes numeriques5 ......................................................................... 9% 
i 2. REVENUS DE SERVICES 
1~ 
3. 
4. Revenus globaux des services mobiles publics en Europe6 ..... 8.5 milliards ECU 
Services mobiles en tant que pourcentage de l'ensemble des services de 
telecommunications .................................................................................... 1 Oo/o 
REVENUS DE L 'EQUIPMENT 
Ventes d'equipements aux consommateurs ............................ 4.6 milliards ECU 
Terminaux pour utilisation sur les systemes publics cellulaires .................... 75% 
et autres reseaux1 ....................................................................................... 25% 
IN\i1~'.STISSEMENTS CUMULES PREVUS JUSQU'EN 20008 
Investissements prews en infrastructure mobile (estimation basse9)27 milliards 
ECU 
Investissements prews en infrastructure mobile (estimation hautel0)45 milliards 
ECU 
En % de la totalite des investissements en telecommunications 11 ........... 7 -13 % 
Source: Elude de marchC publiee 
Comprenant 8.100.000 utilisateurs de telephonic cellulaire, 4.500.000 utilisateurs de reseau •usage prive 
(PMR) et de 3RP (PAMR) et 3.100.000 utilisateurs de radiomessagerie longue distance. 
Les autres services, comme 1es services Pointel et les donnees mobiles soot actuellement moins repandus, avec 
tm nombre total craboones estimC a 100.000 personnes. 
L'utilisation du telephone sans fil dans \Ul cadre prive ou d'atraires est exclude ce total. 
Soot compris l'Espace ~ue ewopeen ainsi que la Confederation helvetique; les chi1lres equivalents pour 
J'Europe centrale et l'Europe de l'Est ne sont pas disponibles. 
.. Les rese&ux publics comprenaent Ia telephonic cellulaire analogique (NMT 900, NMT 450, TACS, C-NET, 
Radiocom 2000 et autres), le GSM, le DCS 1800, la radiomessagerie et les Services Pointe!. 
Les reseaux prives compreonent: les reseaux a usage prive, les reseaux 3RP ainsi que les reseaux de donnees 
mobiles specialises. 
~ Les systemes analogiques comprennent la telephonic cellulaire analogique, la radiomessagerie ainsi que les 
reseaux a usage prive analogiques et les reseaux 3RP analogiques. 
Les systemes nwneriques regroupent la telephonie cellulaire GSM, la telephonic cellulaire DCS 1800, les 
reseaux 3RP nwnenques et les services Pointe!. La telephonie cellulaire GSM, qui coonait actuellement wie 
expansion trCs rapide, regroupe la majorite des usagers du systeme nwnerique. 
R.evenus des services en 1993 pour cc qui conceme la telephonic cellulaire analogique et numenque ainsi que 
la radiomessagerie loogue distance. 
-Comprend les tenninaux de radiomessagerie, les tenninaux et les stations de base de reseaux a usage prive 
(PMR). 
I Au COW'S de cette pmode, le nombre d'aboones a la telephonic mobile exprimC en pourcentage de rensemble 
des abonnes a la telephonie augmenter& pour passer de quelque 4% a 11-14%. Les revenus croitront Cgalement 
malgre la baisse des coats et les effets de la concurrence (vu notamment fimportance des fonnules sp6ciales de 
prix), qui eotraineront une baisse des revenus par abonne d\m niveau actuel de plus de 1100 ECU per an a 
mains de 500 ECU. 
t Bu6 sur les plans d'investiacments publics ainsi que sur les licences deja attribuees ou prevues. 
;o Suppose l'adoption sur une large Cchelle des Communications Pc:rsoonelles bas6es sur la tcclmologie DCS 1800. 
11 Lea investissements rmnulCs CD telWxumunications dans l'Union europ6eone de 1991 a 2000 passeroot de 345 
i 401 milliards d'ECU d'a.iris retude d'ANAL YSIS "Performance of the Tele.communicatioos Sect.or up to 201 O 
1IDd&2' different Regu1atoly and Market Options". 
94 
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ap18µ066T.non, T.nc; ouyicp6T.nonc; Kai T.pononoinonc; aT.oµiicc.Jv KaT.aT.oµc.Jv 
unnpe:oi<.:>v ouv6poµnT.n Kai T.nc; napoxnc; µiac; oe:ip6c; nponvµtvwv unnpe:oic.Jv. 
TCT.Ol.e:c; 6uvaT.6T.nT.e:c; 6e:v ea £xouv e:~apµovn µ6vo 0€ Kl.VnT.6 6iKT.UO, aAA6 ea 
£KT.e:ivovT.ai oe: 6AO T.O ~6oµa T.WV OT.a0e:f)<.Jv, KiVnT.Wv Kai 6opu~Opl.KtJv uno6oµc.Jv 
oT.o onoio e:v6txe:T.al. va npoo~e:p0oliv npoowni1<£c; e:niKoivwvie:c;. 
1.4 Me:p10µ6c; T.WV n6pwv 
~e: tva avT.aywv10T.iK6 ne:pi_l36AAov napouoi.6~e:i au;nµtvo e:v6ia~£pov n an66oon 
µe: T.nv onoia e:ni T.ptnouv oi T.exvo/\ovie:c; T.ov µepi.oµ6 T.WV n6pwv µe:T.a~u T.WV 
ouoT.nµ6t.wv. AUT.n e:vw av~tpe:T.ai oT.ic; pa6ioouxv6T.nT.e:c;, e:i6iic6T.e:pa, 
e:ne:KT.e:ive:T.ai e:nionc; Kai oT.o µe:p.ioµ6 T.nc; xpnonc; t.ono0e:oi.wv icai. uno6opnc;. 
95 
napayouv £va nAout.o t.e::xvoAoyiwv, <pop£wv e::Kµe::t.6AAe::uonc; Kai xpnot.Wv. H 
av6nt.u;n t.e::xv0Aoy1Wv µe:: au;nµ£vn an65oon Kai e::ue::Ai;ia ot.n xpnon t.ou 
<paoµat.oc; £xe:1 e:noµ£VW<; OUVE:Xn npot.e:pa16t.O't.Q y1a t.n ~1oµnxavia 't.WV Kl.VO't.Wv 
E:Ill.KOl. VWVJ.Wv. 
ria t.ic; 't.E:XVOAOVie::c; 't.WV J.51.W't.l.KWV Kl.VO't.Wv E:Ill.KOl.VWVl.Wv, n E:l.OCVUJVn 
~e::uKt.1Kono1nµ£vwv Kl. vnt.wv pa5ioouot.nµat.wv 6nW<; t.o TETRA, ~ e:vaAAaKt.l.Kn 
Auon ot.a i5iac; uno5oµnc; ouot.nµat.a 161wt.1KWv Kl.Vnt.Wv pa51oe:n1Ko1vwv1Wv 
(PMR) npoo<p£pe:1, µ£ow t.ou npwt.onopiaKou Kai µe:y6Anc; £Kt.cone; µe:pioµou t.wv 
pa510KavaA1wv 161wu.Knc; xpnonc;, £va onµavt.11<6 nap65e:iyµa t.nc; t.6onc; npoc; 
't.OV µe:p10µ6 't.WV n6pwv. 
H au;av6µe:vn xpnon t.wv ~e:uKt.1Kono1nµ£vwv Kivnt.Wv pa5ioouot.nµ6Lwv <pave:pWve:i 
e:nionc; µ1a L000 anoµaKpUVonc; LOU XWpou 't.WV 151.WLl.KWv Kl.VOLWv E:Ill.KOl.VWVl.Wv 
an6 Ll.c; ;e:xwpiot.£c; uno5oµ£c; µe: KCLe:uSuvon npoc; Ll.<.; µe:p1~6µe:ve:c; uno5oµ£c; 
pa51oe:n1Ko1vwv1Wv. Aut.6 e:ivai e::nionc; e:v5e:x6µe::vo va KCLCOLe:i µia 
au;av6µe::vnc; onµaoiac; 6no'Vn 01.0 xc.Jpo t.wv 5nµ6oiwv Kl. vnLWv e::nl.KOl. vwv1Wv 
e:v6'Ve:l. ~'~ e:v5e:x6µe:vwv µe:AAovt.iKwv anai-r.noe:wv via uno5oµ£c;. 
1.5 EuoLnµat.a 5opu<pop1Knc; ~aonc; 
01 Kl. vnL£c; Kai 01 npoowniK£c; e:niKoi vwvie::c; 5e::v ne:piopi~OVLai OLn xpnon 
e::niye::iwv 5iKt.uwv. Euot.nµat.a bopu<popiKnc; ~aonc; naptxouv <pwvnt.1K£c; Kai µn 
<pwvnt.iK£c; unnpe::oie::c; oe:: tva ouve::xWc; au;av6µe:vo ap18µ6 xpnot.wv ot.n 86Aaooa 
Ka8Wc; e:nionc; Kai ot.nv ;npa Kai ot.ov a£pa. 
O ~ie:Svnc; Opvavioµ6c; NauT.1AiaKWv llopu<p6pwv Irunarsat npoo<p£pe:i unnpe:oie:c; 
<pwvnc; Kai t.nAe::t.uniac; oe:: Kivnt.ouc; xpnot.e::c; via ne:pioo6t.e::po an6 5£Ka xp6via. 
ApxiKa n unnpe::oia npoopi~6-r.av µ6vo via vau-r.iAiaK£c; Kivnt.£c; e:niKoivwvie:c;, 
aAAQ O't.n 5e::Kae:t.ia 't.OU 1980 't.O ouot.nµa Irunarsat xpno1µono1n8nKe:: KQl. via 
Kl.Vnt.£c; e:niKOl.VWVie::c; ;npac;. To ouot.nµa Irunarsgt e::ixe: oe: xpnon ne:pinou 
20.000 t.e:pµat.1K6 ot.a t.£An t.ou 1992 (Irunarsat A), e:K t.wv onoiwv t.a t.pia 
t.£t.apt.a ne:pinou e:ivai oe: oK6<pn, Kai -r.o un6Ao1no £va t.£t.apLo oi:.nv ;npa. 
Ile::pinou 25% 6AWV CUT.WV 't.WV T.e:p1.iat.l.KWV e::ival. e::yye::vpaµ£va oe:: Eupwna:i.Ktc; 
xc.Jpe::c;. 
Ilp6o<pat.a, 568nKe:: au;nµ£vn npoooxn o-r.n xpnon t.wv bopu<popiKWv ouo-r.nµ6-r.wv via 
unnpe:oie:c; <pwvnc; Kai 5e:boµ£vwv µ£ow bopu<p6pwv. E-r.nv Euf)Wnn 01 unhpe::oie::c; 
Euteltracs (Eutelsat), Irunarsat-C Kat Traksat e:ivai napa5e:ivµa-r.a icivnT.Wv 
unnpe:oiwv be:boµ£vwv bopu<pop1Knc; ~6onc; . 
Ee: £va ne:p1~6AAov nou n5n aAA6~e:1, <paive:i:.ai 6t.1 n xpnon bopu<popiicWv 
ouoi:.nµ6t.wv via Kl. vnt.£c; unnpe:oie::c; e:v5£xe:i:.ai va µne:i oe: µia aic6µn ne:piobo 
e:navaoi:.at.l.KWV aAAavC:W, nou -r.ic; <p£pvouv 01 v£e:c;· i5£e:c; via unnpe::oie::c; 
npoownl.KWV e:nl.KOl.VWVl.WV µ£ow 5opu<p6pou. Hbn OT.O OUOT.nµa Irunarsat, LC 
µe::y£8n i:.wv i:.e:pµa-r.1KWv Kai oi oxe:t.iK£c; i:.1µ£c; µe:iwvovi:.ai. Ta v£a ouoi:.nµaLa 
nou npoi:.e:ivovi:.ai npoo<p£pouv e:upe:ia no1K1Aia t.e:xviicwv Auoe:wv an6 t.nv 6no'VO 
5 
6 To 't£WO't1X6 Irunarsat Standard-A £iva1 'to apxu6 't£p1.1a't1x6 nou xpno11.1ono11\8rui:£ an6 'tOV Inaarast v1a 't1c; 
utmp£01£c; 'tOU. Tov Iavou6.p10 'tOU 1991 0 Inmarsat np6o8£0£ 'tO 't£WQ't1X6 Stanclard-C O'tD OWQ&ID 'tOU. AU't6 n 
't£A£U'taia XQ'tDVopia 't£pl,lO't1XWV xpn011,lOR01£1'ta1 l,l6VO y1a unnp£01£c; lt£11,ltVWV ltQ1 0£&<>1,ltVWV. Z'tO 'ttAoc; 'tOU 1992 
urJ6'>xav OE xpilon n£p1nou 3. SOO 't£Pl,lO't1Xd Irunaraat C. 
l't1c;; apxtc;; 'tou 1993 o Irunarsat ~£1tivno£ t:nv unnp£oia Inmarsat-M (90pn't6 &opuqiop11t6 'tnAtfWVOJ. O Inaarsat 
~pc1 £nionc;; 1.11a unnp£oia a£povaU'tuwv Oopuqiop11twv £n11to1vwv1Wv (an6 'to 1990). Ta p£AAoV't1xd oxt01a 
n£p.1Aap~6vouv t:nv £1oavwvti 'tou Inaarsat-B, t:ou 1fD91a1toO 01a66xou t:ou Irmarsat-A. 
.l!.nlloo1cuptvn tp£uva ayop6c;; npo~Atn£1 6't1 n 0~£p1v6 ~oon 'tWV n£p1nou 6. 000 't£WO't11tWv v1a x1vn'ttc; £n1V£1£C: 
&opuqio~1xtc; unnp£oi£c; 0£001.1tV1.1v, 6ruc; n unnp£oia INMARSAT c xa1 n Euteltracs O'tnv Eup!Jnn 8a avt~£1 O'ta 100.000 
't£WQ'tl.Xd 0£ xpilon 1.1txp1 'tO 2. 000. 
96 
t.nt; l.OXUQ<; t.WV OUOt.nµ6t.WV~ t.n<; apXl. 'tE:lCt.OVl.KOt;, T.WV !>it:UKOAUv0£WV n t.nc; 
xpnonc; t.poxic.Jv ( nou noiicH~ouv an6 ouot.nµat.a nou xpnoiµonoiow rewot.at.iicn 
Tpoxi.6 (GEO), 0£ OUOT.OJ:lO"tQ nou xpnoiµonoJ.OUv Xoµn.AI'l rtu vn Tpoxi6 (LEO), 
IoxupW<; EMeinr.iicn Tpoxi.6 ( HEO) n aic6µa ic::ai 6.AAec; t.poxitc; ). Koiv6c; ot.6xoc; 
au"tc.Jv t.wv ouo"tnµar.wv e:ivai n napoxn o"touc; ne:.A6t.cc; ~n"tl.KWv icai/n µn 
~wvn"tl.KWv unnpe:oic.Jv µtow ici.vn"tC:W, xe:ip6<pep"twv "t£f>PO"tl.lCWv • 
2. liHMOEIEE KINHTE.E EilIKOINQNIEE 
2. 1 To nayic6oµio Euo"t.nµa Ki vn"t.C:W Enu:oi vc,wi.C:W -GSM 
Ev~ "ta avo.Aoyiic6 KtJ'!le.Aoei!>n ouo"tnµa"ta icupiapxow OK6pn o"tnv cyica"tao"tnµtvn 
Eupc..inaIKn '16on, "tO GSM -"tO vt.o nave:upwnaIK6 '!'fl<Pl.OK6 OUO"tnµa "ta nAnOl.0~£1. 
ypnyopa ( '1.Atne ni vai<a A2 ) • 
H e:pyaoia O"tnv "tunonoinon t.ou GSM 6pxioe "to 1982 un6 t.nv CEPT ( "tnv 
Eupwnalicn Ai6oKe'iffi Taxu!>poµeiwv icai Tn.Aeniic::oivwvit:>v) ic::ai µet.a<ptpenice o"to 
ETSI µe"ta "tnv i!>puon "tou "to 1987. H e:ioavwvn "tou GSM unoot.npix"tnic::e an6 "tnv 
apxn o9e:vap6 an6 t.nv Eupwnalicn Koi v6t.nt.a, e:i!>l.lc6t.e:pa p.e: pi.a Euot.aon t.ou 
Euµ'3ou.Aiou icai µia O()nyia "tou Eup.~ou.Aiou nou ~io9e:t.n9mcav "to 1987 icai £va 
'l'n91op.a t.ou Euµ~ou.Aiou nou uio9e:"tn0mce: t.o 1990 • 
To GSM e:ivai "tWpa r.o icu~io Eupwna!ic6 ~n~iaic6 icivn"t6 ouo"tnp.a icai £xe:i yive:i 
µi.a nayic6oµia e:ni "tuxia • H u.Aonoinon "tou unoo-r.npix9nice: an6 "to Mvnp.6vio 
Euµ~wviac; GSM (MOU) ot.o onoio eivai µ£.An 6.Aoi. oi ~opeic; eicp.e"t6.AAeuonc; "tnt; 
Eupwnalicnc; Koiv6"tn"ta<;. 
To GSM npo~tpei tvav api.9µ6 n.Ae:oveic"tnp.a"twv £vav-r.i "tWV ava.Aoyi.ic::c.Jv 
ic~c.Aoe:i!>Wv ouo"tnp.6"twv, nou nepi.Aaµ~avouv: 
• 
• 
• 
• 
7 
8 
9 <ropy06t.n"ta "tn<; t.au"t6t.nt.ac; t.ou xpnot.n µ£ow i:.nc; xpnonc; t.nc; ic6pt.ac; 
SIM 
nave:upwnalicn nepiaywyn 
Enau~np.£vo ~6oµa unnpe:oiwv npoor.16£µe:vnc; a~iac; 
BAtne Avasoi'llWOD 'tDC: &nJ:tpom\c: OXC't1K6 "c 't1C: 6o&1U9C>pi.stc: npoowni.stc: CIUS01'11UVicc:, CCM(93)171 'tcAl.S6, 27 
~l.Aiou 1993. 01 ncp1006u~1; npo'tilouc: civa1 e11~po Joelli.CJiltvcc: e11u.1; IUlA, 6n.ac; n cu~ V"WO'tl\ np(l'taoD vi.a 'to 
n"6V~a Iridium "tou onoiou nvci'tai n Motorola. 
OISnvia "tou z~u~iou 'tnl; 2~n1; Iouviou 1987 CJJU:'t1x4 "c 'tic i:;wvcc ouxvo"tl\"tUV nou ea &.i.a"tc8oOV via 'tn OUV"toV10}ltvn 
cysa't6o'taon navcvP1-1na1Swv s\f\ls:Aw"tWv &~:WY cnivuwv s1.vn"tWv cnisoivuvU:.v o'tnv tcoivd'tn'ta (87/312/IOICI 
OIJ'L196/85, 17. 07. 81) (GSM). 
ZOo'tQOn t:ou Z\fil&louAiou 'tnct 2Snc Iouviou 1981 qou 090p6 'tn OUVtOV10}ltvn eyxa"td.Cll'taon nave~1xWv wn.101Wv 
•U\ISN.l"tWv &n&a6oJ.c.N cnivc11JV x1vn'tWv cruso1vwvU:.V O'tnv Ko1v6'tn'ta ( 87 /371/BOK; OJLlff/81, 17. 07. 8'1 ). 
\WltliO}IQ 'tou Z~J'ouAiou 'tDC: 14nc: A£xc!.1Jpiou 1990 oanu6 }'C 'tnv 'teAi.si\ 94an 'tftC OUV"tov10}ltvnc;: cvxauk,"taonc 
navc~DO.UWv cnivuwv &°"6oiwv lfl\910SWV S\JWCAw'tWV sivn'te.i>V cni.soi'\IUVU:.V Q'tRV IC01v6'tn'ta (G•) ( 90/Cl29/091 
O.JC329125, Jl. 12. 90). 
ria M:mo"tpc1cc oxcu.x6 "£ 'tnv l(Oivo"t1stl O'tPQ'tnyutl oc au-t6 "to ne&io, J>.tnc Avaxoi'llWOn "tnc: lkl1'tpo~ axe'tu6 llC 
t:n aUVtOV1~Vn cyxa"tilo'tCWn naVC\fPlolnal.SOO O\JQU\pO'tOC: \llVfl.asWv &~"tWv sivn'tWv t;ft).cnuoi~U:.V (GSM). COM( 90, 565 
'teA1•6. 11. 23. 90. 
lO H s6.p"ta SIM (JM:>"oo"toixcio "tau-t6'tn"ta1; ouv&popn"til) civai pia "votapwv• s6.pt:a n onoia nepitxci M:mo"cpciastc 
~piec: v1a tva JIPl\o'tn GSM. Mno~i '\IQ u~ki aa6 'to xpM'tn e11c ono1o61\nou etouoi<>Oo'tn&atvo 'tC"'1Qt:u6 GIN 
via cyypalfl\ ot:o &i&'tVO sai t"to1 naptxu 'tnv &uvat:6'tn'ta ncpiQV'o!Vl\1; ~ic 'tnv avdvxn "n090¢c: 'tSM; ui.poouoxcul\c 
GIN pct:ato 'ti.IV ltocc.iv 6nou QDQJ.t:ci'ta1 n \lDnPCoia. H s6.p'ta SIM xpD01"ono1£i't01 cnionc: sai we: ptQO vi.a 'VO sa"tao'tci 
&uva't6C: o &100uvop1as61; OV"tavwvio}l6ct "natO WV napoxtwv unnpcoU:.V GSIL 
97 
Figure Al: La 1y1temea analogiquea cellulalra dominent toujoan Ja bue 
euro eenne lnstallee... 
u 
E 
A 
E 
L 
E 
u 
E 
A 
E 
L 
E NMT4SO 47.000 
NMT900 185.000 
Deutsche Telekom D C.Notz 807.000 
Telefonica E NMT4SO 59.000 
TACS900 180.000 82% 
Fl' Radiocom 2000 RC2000 331.000 1% 
SFR NMT4SO 125.000 23% 
Elrcell IRL TACS900 50.000 25% 
SIP RMTS 3S.OOO -33% 
TACS900 950.000 39% 
P&T L NMT450 950 0% 
PTT Telecom NL NMT4SO 27.000 4% 
NMT900 170.000 33% 
TMN p C.Net 30.000 30% 
CeJlnet UK TACS900 711.000 23% 
Vodafone TACS900 895.000 19% 
PTV A C.Netz S6.000 -7% 
O..Notz 14S.OOO 49% 
Telecom Flnlancl SF NMT4SO 168.000 6% 
NMT900 23S.OOO 33% 
Telemobil N NMT4SO 1S9.000 5% 
NMT900 162.000 38% 
Comvlk s NMT4SO 21.000 00.4 
Tella Mobltd NMT4SO 2S7.000 3% 
NMT900 4S2.000 21% 
PTT CH NatelC 241.000 17% 
GSM •15,000 Jul-92 
D OSM 190.000 Jul-92 
Mannesmann 02 OSM 260.000 Jun-92 
Fl' IUnerlt F OSM 15.000 Jul-92 
SFR OSM 7.000 Jul-92 
SIP GSM 1.000 Oct-92 
TMN p GSM 16.SOO Oct-92 
Telecel GSM 21.000 Oct-92 
Vodafone UK GSM 1.000 Dcc-91 
STET Bellas Telec. GR GSM .. 3,000 Jul-93 
Panafon SA OSM ·~.ooo Jul-93 
Elrcell IRL GSM ••400 Jul-93 
P&T L GSM •3,400 Jul-93 
PTV A GSM 0 Oct-93 
Telecom Finland SF GSM S.000 Juo-92 
RadloUn GSM 6.000 Dcc-91 
Telemobil N GSM 1.000 May-93 
NetCom GSM •2,000 Scp-93 
Comvtk s GSM s.soo Sep-92 
Europolltan GSM 2.000 Sep-92 
Tella Mobltd GSM 3.SOO Nov-92 
PTT sz GSM 2.000 Mar-93 
:: .. ~ -=~~t.W~~ff:W~MSff.$.®.M·.· .. : .. :.::.:· ......... · . ..,. .:·.: 
Soun:c: Op6rateun/OSM MoUIE1udes do la CE 
Nambrc d'abonoCa cstim6 au dBJut octobre 1993 sauf pour: 
• Evaluation du nombrc d'aboaMI cm iOptCmbre 1993 
•• Evaluatiao du nombre d'lboan6s cn IOOt 1993. 
Les datca do laocemcot conap DDlleat aux datca do disporul>ilit6. 
Cea dlimoa cbaogcat rapidanalt en railcJll do la croiuaoce rapido; aimi pir aanple, en Allcmagao. en jlllYicr 1994 
chlam doa op6rateun de OSM compmit plus do S00.000 abonn6a. F.a Gia, lei deux opCrateun OSM comptcot 
plus do 20,000 aboon6a, tandil quo ropRteur bolgc de GSM, Proximu1. oat downa op&atiooocl. 
• 
• 
• Au;nµtvn nuicv6-cm.a icivnonc; A.6vw t.nc; ano5o-ciic6u;pnc; xpnonc; t.ou 
q>aoµat.oc; 
Au~nµtvn aoq>6A£ia µtow t.ou aA.vopi0µou AS icai i:wv napaAAayC:.W -cou11 
Be:A.t.iwµtvn noi.6-cm:a e:~unnptr.nonc; 
To GSM µnope:i va avant.uxee:i we; £va µ1icpo1C\J'le:A.oe:15£c; 5iict.uo Wot.£ va 
e:m.t.ptm:i au~nµtva e:nin£5a icivnonc; oe: ne:pioxtc; µe:v6Anc; nuicv6t.nt.ac;. Mia 
e:ninA.£ov 5uvat.n e:;tA.i;n t.(JJ\/ npo5iavpd<p<.Jv GSM 0a e:ni t.p£1tf£l. t.nv e:ioayCAJ'{n 
nµippuepnc; icCtJ5iiconoinonc; t.nc; oµiA.iac;, icai £t.oi Sa unap;e:i 5in.haoiaoµ6c; t.nc; 
iicav6"tnt.ac; 5ie::icn~paiwonc; t.nc; icivnonc; oµiA.iac;. 
To GSM e:i vai npoc; t:.o nap6v e:µnopJ.IC6 5106£01µ0 oe: e:vvta Kp6t.n Mt.hn, µe: 
npovpaµµm::.io.µ£vn 5ia6eoiµ6t:.m.a unoot.npi;nc; oe: 6.Aec; r.ic; x<.:lpe:c; MtA.n e:Vt:.6<; 
r.ou 1994. H np6o5oc; o-cnv anoKdt.60-caon oup.q><.JV1<.Jv ne:piav<J\fnc; o-cnv EupWlln 
um'lp;e: apxiic6 apvn. Evw :r.Wp<l n Ka-c6or.aon f3e:A.r.1t:>ve:r.a1, napaµtvouv aic6µn 
ouoic:i>n ice:v6 or.nv nave:upwnaYicn KCA\J'!ffi via ne:piavwyn. 
~r.nv e:icmvwyn t.ou GSM e:ixav e:ni5paon µe:piic6 npof3A.nµat.a. ~I QlJt.6 
ne:p1A.apf36vovr.a1: 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 0.tµat.a 6u:a1wµ6r.wv nve:uµau.icnc; i5i.o'K'tnoiac; ( IPR) 
e:;avwvn t.ou aA.vopiGµou aoq>QAe:iac;, 6nou µ6vo ouµfhf3aor.l.Ktc; A.uoe:ic; 
txouv {3pe:9e:i µ£xp1 r.Wp<l 
01 npof3aA.A6µe:ve:c; avnouxie:c; via ic l. v5\ivouc; an i vo~oA.iac; lCCl. 
ne:pif3a.hAovr.iictc; e:ninr.Woe:ic; 
ica0uou:pnoe:ic; or.nv tyicpion t.l'mou, 01 onoie:c; o5nvnoav avaytcaor.11C6 oe: 
tva ox£En.o npoowpi vnc; tvKpionc; t. unou ( I TA) we; anapait:.nr.nc; 
f3paxunp6ee:oµnc; A.uonc;. 
01 apxi.Ktc; e:q>apµoytc; "tou GSM unoo-r.npi~ouv µ6vo <p(J.Nn'tiicn t.n.Ae:<pwvia icai 
KA.noe:ic; £Kt.aK-r.nc; av6y1mc;. ~e: e:uee:t.o xp6vo 01 f3e:l\.t.1Woe:1c; ea unoor.npil;;ouv 
nl\.npn 61a<p6ve:1a ~e:5oµ£vwv, unnpe:oia t.nA.e:oµoiot.uniac; ica1 51e:U'1CoA.U-Voe:1c; 
olivt.oµwv icA.noe:wv. H t.£A£U'taia 6uvat.6T.nt.a 0a e:n1 t.p£ne:l. O't.O u:pµat.l.K6 GSM va 
A.e:i t.oupye:i ouoiaot.iica ~ u:p11at.1K6 "tnAcci5onoinonc;, A.aµf36vovt.ac; Kai 
ano9nKe:uovt.ac; µu:pa µnvuµat.a, via nap65e:iyµa 6'tav o xpnot.nc; e:n1A.£~e:1 va 
µnv anaVT.6 ot.i.c; e:ioe:px6µe:ve:c; icA.noe:ic;. 
Ilpof3A.£ne:t.al. tva no.Au \J\ffiA.6 5uvaµl.K6 ovop6~ via t.o GSM ot.nv Eu¢nn, ica0Wc; 
e:nionc; icai navKooµiwc;. M£oa ot.nv Evwon, npiv an6 t.o £t.oc; 2000, t.o GSM 
avaµtve:r.01 va naptx£1 KCA\J'!ffi ioo5uvaµn n KaAu"te:pn an6 r.ic;; avt.iot.oixe:c; 
avaA.oviK£c; unnpe:oie:c; µ£ onµavt.l.K6 KaAthe:pn noi6t.nt.a 1Ca1 t.nv !>uvat.6t.nt.a 
unoot.npi~nc; !>ie:evou~ nepiavwvnc;. Au~6, µe: r.nv Kat.OAA.nA.n e:µnopiicn npowenon, 
avaµcve~ai va 5ooe:1 tva onµovt.i.x:6 Kivnr.po ot.ou~ ouv6poµm:£c; via va 
µe:r.avaot.euoouv an6 ~i~ avaA.oyiK£~ unnpeoie:~. ·npo~A.£~£1~ t.nc; ayopa~ 
11 To A5 urro&IW:lvu 'tn 11tto~o 1:putnov~c 'tn( ~CfOpiac nov ou&16cn:n1:1: via va naptu1 61cncAlQU.Jt6 G096Ac1a 
O'tO OW't"'1Q GSM. 
99 
6e::ixvouv 6t.1 t.o GSM e::v6£xe::t.a1 va npood~Kuoe::i vupw ot.ouc; 15-20 e::Kat.. 
ouv6poµnt.£c; .t.o £t.oc; 2000 ot.ic; xWf)e::c; t.nc; Eupwnal.Knc; Evwonc; Kai t.nc; EFTA. 
01 npo61avpaq>cc; GSM cxouv t.Wf)a e::ne::Kt.a0e::1 Wot.e:: va unoot.npi~ouv Ae::i.t.oupvia 
oe:: \J1ifnA6t.e::pe::c; ~Wve::c; ouxvot.nt.wv, 13ao10µ£vn oe:: µupoKlJ1!1e::Aoe::16n 6oµn. 01 
npo6iavpacp£c; nou £xouv npoKUive::i e::ivai yvwot.£c; we; DCS-1800 (~Acne:: t.µflµat.a 
4. 1 Kai 4. 2). 
2.2 ll'n~1QKfc; £fi11C01Vc..JVi£c; µe:: aoupµat.1KQ t.nAf~c..JVa -DECT 
Oi DECT npoopi~ovt.ai va Kat.aot.o'liv t.o ve::v1Ke::uµ£vo '!'Il<piOK6 aoupµat.iK6 
t.nA£<pc..JVo ot.nv Euf)Wnn, µe:: onµavt.1K6 e::uput.e::pe::c; 6µwc; e::<papµovtc;. Et.oxe::ue::i ot.nv 
npoo<popa Kivnt.1K6t.nt.ac; vupw an6 t.o vpa<pe::io (µ£ow t.ou aoupµat.iKou PABX), t.o 
oni t.1 Kai 6nµ6oiouc; xWf)ouc; (µ£ow t.wv unnpe::o1Wv "t.nAe::ot.a0µWv .. ) Kai 
e::v6£xe::t.ai VO avant.ux0e::i 0£ 61ap8f)Woe::ic; aoupµat.OU t.Onl.KOU 13p6xou. 
H avant.u~n Kai n eioavwvn t.wv DECT unoot.npixt.nKe:: an6 µia tu~~aon t.ou 
tuµ~ouAiou Kai µia 06nvia t.ou tuµ13ouAiou nou uio0e::t.n0nKav t.o 1991 • 
Ta np<Jt.a npoI6vt.a DECT e::ivai t.Wf)a bia0£oiµa ot.nv EupwnaIKn avop6 µe: t.n 
µo~n t.wv avat3a0µioe::wv e::vKat.ao~aoe::wv PABX µe:: e::owt.e::piKa aoupµat.iKa 
t.nA£~a. 
Oi DECT e::ivai oxe::6iaoµ£ve::c;, oo"t.e:: va e::ivai oe:: econ va unoot.npH~ouv noAu 
µe::v6Ae::c; nuKv6t.nt.e::c; Kivnonc; (navw an6 6.000 -12.000 Erlang/Km2 av6Aova µe:: 
t.nv e::<papµovn ), np6vµa nou t.ic; Ka81ot.6 Ka"t.6AAnAe::c; via noAu ouµnmcvwµ£va 
ne::pi~6Ahovt.a xpnonc; 6nwc; t.a vpa<pe::ia t.ou K£vi:.pou t.c,JV n6A£(,JV Kai oi K6µ~oi 
µe::t.a<popWv. ria µ11Cp6"Le::pe::c; £VKat.aot.6oe::1c; PABX, Ol.Kl.OKE<; £<papµov£c; Kai 
e::<papµov£c; t.nAe::ot.a0µWv, oi DECT ea EXO\JV QV"t.OVWVl.01'.0 t.nv t.£XVOAovia CT2. 
ri I aut.£c; t.ic; e::<papµov£c;, to K6ot.oc; t.0\1 e::~onAioµou DECT ea e::ivai Kpioiµo via 
t.nv KOAU'!'Il t.ou ouvoAiKou buvaµ1Kou t.nc; avopac;, nou e::1Ct.1µ6t.ai 6t.1 e::ivai 
vupw ot.a 30 £Kat.. xpnot.e::c; ot.nv Euf)Wnn. 
01 DECT nieavWc; ·ea µnopouoav va xpnoiµonoin0o'liv via t.nv napoxn aoupµat.1Knc; 
np6ot3aonc; oe:: µia noiK1Aia 6iKt.uwv. To ETSI £xe::i n6n avant.u~e::i Kat.at.oµ£c; 
DECT via e::vonoinon µe:: t.o GSM Kai t.o ISON. 
01 DECT £Jfouv, 6nwc; Kai 6AAa ouot.nµat.a, avt.1µe::"Lwnioe::1 £va api0µ6 ~nt.nµat.c,JV 
Kat.a t.n 6i6pKe::ia t.nc; avOnt.U~nc;: 
• 
• avt.avwvioµ6 an6 t.nv e::ncvbuon via t.nv avan"t.u~n t.ou GSM, nou txe::i we; 
anot.fAe::oµa EAA£i'i'fl av8pwn1vou buvaµl.KOU via "t.IlV avant.u~n t.OU 
npot.'linou, t.600 ot.o ETSI 600 Kai ot.ouc; Kat.aoKe::uaot.£c; 
avi:avwvioµ6 via t.nv uio0£"Lnon e::vaAAaict.l.KWv EupwnalKWv aoupµat.i.KC.:W 
npot.unwv (CT2 Kai OCT 900) 
• 6nwc; µe:: t.o GSM, unnp~av Ka0uot.e::pnoe::ic; ot.nv cvicaipn EVKpion t.c..JV CTR13 
12 C>Gnyia tou l~~ou.>.iou tnc lnc Iouviou 1991 oxctud. 111: tn twvn ouxvo't6twv nou JJC)tnu. va opi.otci vi.a tn 
0UY'tov1Q11tvn cvsatd.o'taon wn910Kwv cupwnal.swv aoowatwv tn.>.cnuoi.vwvl.Wv (DBCT) otnv Kol.v6'tnta (91/217/IOICIOJ 
LlU/4~, OI. 06. 91 ), 
IOotaon tou l~~uAiou tnc lnc Iouviou 1991 vi.a tn 0UY"tov1Q11tvn CVKat6otaon \lftltl.asUY c~ ~atf.N' 
13 tnAcD1S01'\IWVl.Wv (DBCT) O'tDV Kol.v6tnta (91/288/BOIC;OJ Ll44/47,08.06.91). 
CTR: Ko1voi Tcxvuoi Kavov1Q11oi: n ~n vi.a cvappov1Q11tvcc np>61av~c tysp1onc tOnou &atoa ato 11Aaia10 tnc 
OGnviCMi: tou z~~uAiou 91/263/&0K. 
100 
• K6noie:c; xwpe:c; 6e:wpouv 6T.l. un6pxouv KiVOUVOl. VQ ):1E:l.W00Uv Ol. e:ve:py£c; 
xwpnt.iK6t.nt.e:c; t.wv DECT A6Vw t.wv 5uvat.wv nape:µi3oAW'V µe: ouot.nµat.a ot.ic; 
ye:i~oviK£c; ~c.Jve:c;. ~t.o UK, napat.npn0n1Ce: £va e:i5iait.e:po np613Anµa 
µe:pioµou ouxvot.nt.wv µe:t.a~u t.WV DECT Kai t.OU DCS 1800. 
H e:niKupwon Kai e:ni5e:i~n t.wv e:cpapµoyc.Jv DECT, nou unoot.npi~oVt.ai an6 t.nv 
Enit.ponn µe: t.o np6vpaµµa CTS (Ynnpe:oia ~oKiµc.Jv ~uµµ6pcpwonc;) (oxe:5iaoµtvo 
via t.0 npWt.O t.piµnvo t.OU 1994) Sa anot.e:ACOOUV Ka9opl.Ot.l.1Cn w0non Vl.a 
e:uput.e:pn xpnon t.WV DECT. 01. Kupie:c; apXl.KCc; e:cpapµoy£c; t.WV DECT (aoupµat.l.KQ 
PABX, t.nAe:ot.a6µoi Kol.. t.oniK6c; i3p6xoc;) e:ivai £va ouoiW5e:c; µtpoc; t.ou 
oxe:oia~oµ£vou npoyp6µµat.oc;. 
To ouvaµiK6 t.nc; avop6c; yia t.ic; DECT npo~Afne:t.al. 6t.l. ea e:ivai nOAU l1'1'flA6 
µ6A1c; Kat.aot.e:i nAnpwc; 51a8£01µn n t.e:xvoAoyia. ea µnopouoe: va yive:i, µa~i 
µe: t.o GSM ( e:upe:ia ic6Au1im, µe:y6An Kl. vnt.1ic6'r.nt.o), n Kupia ouviot.ooa t.wv 
EupwnaYKWV aoupµot.wv e:nl.KOl.VWVl.WV µa~l.Knc; ovop6c; ():11.Kpn KOAl1'1'fl, ):ll.Kpn 
Kl. vnt.1K6t.nt.o). 
2.3 ~nµ6oi.a np6o~oon/e:cpapµoy£c; t.nAe:ot.a6µwv 
~t.n ~aoiicn t.nc; ouAAn~n, n unnpe:oio t.nAe:ot.o6µwv14 npooe:yyi~e:i tvav 
ooupµat.l.K6 onµ6010 t.nAe:cpWVl.K6 ·66Aoµo, nopCXOVt.oc; np6o~aon Ot.O onµ60l.O 
OiKT.UO. µ6vo via VO npayµat.onOl.OUVT.Cl KAnoe:ic;. 01. ~e:AT.l.wµ£ve:c; UAonoinoe:ic; 
nou ot.oxe:uouv ot.nv au~non t.nc; 1Kav6t.nT.ac; e:nacpnc; e:µnA£Kouv t.o ouvouaoµ6 t.nc; 
13ao1Knc; µov6opoµnc; unnpe:oioc; µe: t.nv t.nAe:e:ioonoinon (ouµne:p1Aaµi36vovT.ac; t.nv 
npoocpop6 ouvouaoµcvwv t.e:pµat.iicwv aoupµat.iKou t.nAe:cpwvou Kai o£ict.n 
t.nAe:e:ioonoinonc;l µe: t.n cpwvnt.1Kn avt.ah.Aayn µnvuµ6t.wv, Kai t.nv uAonoinon t.nc; 
Ae:i t.oupyiKnc; ouvot.6T.nT.ac; OlKt.uou n onoia µnope:i vo ouyKpaT.noe:i Kai va 
opoµoAoynoe:i T.lc; KAnoe:ic; oe: £va ouvopoµnT.n T.nc; unnpE:oiac; T.nAE:OT.a6µwv 6T.av 
aut.6c; £A6e:i oT.nv ne:pioxn e:v6c; oT.a6µou ~6onc;. 
01 ouo Kupie:c; µn 1016KT.nT.e:c; A~oe:ic; npoc; T.o nap6v l<Cl T.o KOV"'C.l. v6 µ£AAOV 
e:ivoi t.a CT2 Kai 01 DECT. 0Ae:c; 01 onµe:p1v£c; uAono1noe:1c; ~aoi~ovt.al. ot.a 
CT2, 6µux; µ10 OOKl):lil ~0010µ£vn Ot.l.c; DECT oxe:o16~e:T.Ol. T.WpQ OT.n raAAia. 01. 
DECT avT.1µe:t.wni~ovt.ai we; µe:oonp66e:oµn ouvat.61.nT.o oT.o EupwnaYK6 nAaioio. 
H unnpe:oia t.nAe:o-r.o6µwv ot.nv Eupwnn £xe:1 yvwpioe:i oµcpiAe::y6µe::vn e:ni -r.uxia. 
nop6Ao nou K6noio e:ni -r.uxia cp6vnKe: o-r.nv OAAovoio Kai µe:yah.u-r.e:pn E:n.l -r.uxio 
np6ocpo-r.a ot.n rah.Aia, µ£xpi onµe:po oe:v 
£xe:i e:µcpavioi:.e::i aAAOU. 2:-r.o UK, 6AOl 01. aOe:lOUXOl cpope::ic; e:Kµe:t.6AAe:uonc; 
£xouv t.WpQ EYKO"t.aAe:i~e:l "L.lc; npoon68e:ie:c; O"t.O XWpO QUt.6. ~XCOl.Q Vl.O £vap~n 
-r.nc; unnpe:oiac; o-r.n re:pµovio ova~An8nKov. 
Ev-r.ou-r.o.ic;, n e:ni -r.uxio oe: OAAe:c; ayop£c; ( .ioioi -r.£pwc; o-r.nv Aoia, 
XovyK Kovyic KCl. t.n 2:1. yicanoupn, ~A£ne: ilop6p-r.nµa r t.µnµa 3) 
avr.iµe:-r.wn.ioi:.e:i oov £vo onµa -r.ou ouvaµiicou ou-r.wv t.wv unnpe:oic.Jv. n. X. O"t.O 
np£ne:i. va 
14 H unnpcoia tn>.cota8J,1wv civai unnpcoia ncp1op101i1tvnc; x1vntu:6tntac; nou ncpl.AQJ,1~6vc1 tn xpoon cv6c; aouwatixoll 
tn>.cpou, nou lplpctai an6 to xpootn, via va npoo~ci oto Olli&6o10 Obtuo' an6 onoioOtmou Olli&Cio 11toa otnv ncpioxn 
xo1'1Yv pa61ooto8J,1Wv ~oonc;. Autoi txouv J,1txp1 twpa avantux8c1 xupiuc; oc xtvtpo n6Acwv, 010npo6pop1xollc; ota9!i10~, 
xAn. H unnpcoia tn>.cota81i1wv cncxtcivci tnv tunix~ xp~on twv aou.PJ,1at1xwv tnA£fWVIJV oto onit1 xa1 oto ypacpc:io. 
101 
2.4 To nave:upwnaIK6 qm~iaK6 ouo"tnpa "tnAe:e:16onoinonc; -ERMES 
~"tnv av6n"tu~n Kai "tnv eioaywyn "tou 
"tnc; uio0£"tnonc; µ1~% Iuo"taonc; "tou 
Iuµf3ou.Aiou "to 1990 • H u.Aonoinon 
µe:"ta~u 28 Eupwnaiwv e:v61acpepoµ£vwv. ERMES 660nKe: no.A1~1Kn unoo"tnpi~n µe:ow 
Iuµf3ou.Aiou Kai e:v6c; ~ncpioµat.oc;; t.ou 
t.ou ERMES unoo"tnpi~e:t.ai an6 £va MOU 
Inµe:pa 6e:v un6pxouv e:µnopu6 ouot.,nµma ERMES oe: .he:i t.oupyia at.a Kp6t.n Mt.An. 
Yn6pxouv 6µwc; op1ot.1K6 ox£61a yia t.nv a6e:1066t.non cpop£wv e:Kµe:t.6.AAe:uonc;; oe: 
£va ap10µ6 Kpat.wv Me:.hc.Jv. H raA.Aia £6woe: t.pe:ic;; t.e:t.oie:c;; 66e:1e:c;; t.o ~e1v6nwpo 
t.OU 1993. 
noAA.6 npof3Anµa"ta K09Uo"t£pnoav "tnV u.Aonoinon "tOU ERMES: 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• n npo"tepa16"tn"ta nou 669nKe: KOl an6 "touc; cpope:ic; e:Kµe:"t6A.Ae:uonc; Kal. an6 
"touc; npoµn9euu:c; o"tnv u.Aonoinon 6.AAwv ouo"tnµ6t.wv ( e:161K6t.epa "tOU 
GSM) 
oe: op10µ£vec; nep1n"tc.Jae1c;, "ta 6iK"tua "tn.Ae:e16onoinonc; eixav 
e:yKa"tao"ta9e:i no.Au np6ocpat.a Kai n un6pxouoa 61a8£01µn xwpnt.iic6t.nt.a 
o6nynoe oe: µia ouµne:p1cpop6 "ac; ne:p1µ£vouµe va 6ouµe:" npoc; t.o ERMES . 
To ERMES µnopei va avt.aywviot.ei t.n 6uvat.6t.nt.a t.nc; unnpe:oiac;; µi.Kpc.Jv 
µnvuµ6t.wv ( SMS) i:ou GSM, av n18av6v xpno1µono1n6ow t.e:pµat.1K6 GSM 
µ6vov yia SMS . 
Opi.0µ£vo1 cpopeic; EKpEl:OAAEUOnc; avayvc.Jpioav 6"tl. t.O va Kat.aOt.Ei 
eµnop1K6 eni "t uxnµ£vo t.o ERMES we; ouµn.Anpwµa "tWV unapx6vt.wv 6J.K"t uwv 
"tnAe:e:i.6onoinonc;, 0a E~api:nSe:i onµavi:1K6 an6 i:nv Kivnon ne:piaywync;. 
M£xp1 onµe:pa n £lle:.lliffi 6£oµe:uonc; o"t.1<; unoox£oe:1c; nou 6ivovt.a1 o"to 
MOU, ot.ov i:oµ£a aui:6 npoKa.Ae:i £AAEl.liffi e:µnioi:oownc; oe: 6,t.1 acpop6 t.nv 
u.Aonoinon e:SV.lKWV 61.Kl:UWV ERMES . 
Exouv "te:9e:i e:pw"tnµa"ta yia nape:µf3o.A£c; oe: µn pa61onAe:Ki:p1K6 ouo"tnµa"ta, 
e:i6i.K6"te:pa oe: unnpe:oie:c; e:Knoµntc; npoypaµµ6"twv Kai Ka.Aw61aKnc; 
t.n.Ae:6paonc; ot.n re:pµavia. Kat.6 ouv£ne:1a 01 anaii:ouµe:ve:c; ne:1paµai:1K£c; 
6oKiµ£c; i:ou ERMES Ka9uoi:£pnoav i:n xopnynon a6e:iwv. 
Ev"tou"to.ic;, µ6.Aic; une:pv1Kn8ouv aui:6 t.a npof3.Anµat.a, 
6uvaµ1K6 va-yive:i n µe:A.Aov"tiKn onov6uAi.Kn o"tn.An 
"tn.Ae:e:i6onoinon e:upe:iac; ne:pioxnc;. i:o ERMES £xe:1 t.o 
yia ~nv EupwnaIKn 
2.5 To Eniye:io ~UO"tnµa Tn.Ae:n1K01VWVJ.WV e:v n"tnoe:i -TFTS 
To Eniye:i.o Iuoi:nµa Tn.Ae:niK01vwv1wv ev ni:noe:i (TFTS) e:ivai "to nf>Wi:o lifficpl.aK6 
ouo"tnµa nou oxe:6i.6oi:nKe: yia va npoocp£pe:i oi:ouc; e:nif36i:e:c; unnpe:oie:c; 
"tnAe:cpwviKnc; av"tan6Kpionc; xpnoiµonoiwv"tac; ane:u8e:iac; pa61o~e:u~e:1c; µe:"ta~u t.ou 
ae:pooK6cpouc; Kai o"ta9µwv e:66cpouc; µe: µov66poµn np6of3aon o"to o"ta8e:p6 e:niye:io 
15 0!5nyia ~ou Zup,OUAiou ~n~ 9n~ Olt~~'piou 1990 axc~1sa ~£ ~1~ twvc~ auxvo~~~wv nou opito~a1 via ~n OVVl:ov1~tvn 
cyxa~6a~aon ~ou navcupwnal.soO cniy1:1ou 6~oaiou aua~~a~o~ pa&1o~nA££16onoinon~ a~nv Ko1v6~n~a (90/544/BOK; OJ 
L310/28, 09. 11. 90) (EAMES). 
Z6o~aon ~ou Zup,ouAiou ~n~ 9n~ Olt~~'piou 1990 axnua ~£ ~n aVVl:ov1~tvn cyxa~6a~aon navcu~lxoO cnivnou 
6~oaiou aua~~a~o~ pa61o~nA££16onoinon~ a~nv Koiv6~n~a (90/543/BOK;OJ L310/23,09.ll.90) (&NIBS). 
102 
To TFTS ea µnopouoe:: va ica"t.aou:i ~w"Li.ic6 o"t.oi.xe:io ot.i.c;; 5oµ£c;; 5i.e:upwna:L.icW'I 
e::ni.Kol. vwvi.W'I, icai, nap6.Ao nou an6 t.n cpuon "LOU ne::piopi.oµevo oe:: 6yico, 
onµai.cxp6poc; 1:.WV EupwnaIKWV wncpl.alCWV lCl.Vnl:.WV OU01:.np6t.wv. 
To ETSI £xe::J.. opioe::l. 1:.nv t.E:XVl.Kn npo5iaypacpn yia t.a pa5ioxapaict.npl.Ot.J..K6 t.OU 
TFTS icai t.i<;; 5J.e::nacp£c;; µe:: "La 5np6oia Eupwna1ic6 5iict.ua. H "Ennponn 
H.he::ict.pOVHWv11 t.WV EupwnaYKWV Ae:ponopl.lCWv El:.01.pE:l.Wv (ECAC) £xe::l. 
npo5iayp6.~e::i 1:.ov e::~on.Aioµ6 ae:pooic6cpouc;; 1:.ou TFTS icai t.n 5ie::nacpn t.ou µe:: 1:.0V 
e::~on.hioµ6 icoµnivac;;. 
H uno5oµn e::56<pouc;; "Lou TFTS avan"t.uooe::"Lai onµe::pa. Av-r.aywvi~6µe::voi cpope:ic;; 
e::icpe::1:.6AAe:uonc;; 5n.Awvouv 61:.J.. £xouv unoyp6we::i oup136.Aaia µe:: £vav api0µ6 
e::upwnaYi<C.:W ae::ponopiKwv e::"Laipe::iwv via 1:.nv unnpe::oia TFTS. 
f 
Mia eµnopiicn unnpe::oia {3a.oioµ£vn oi:.o TFTS · avaµtve::i:.ai va e::ivai 5ia9£oiµn 
ICal:.6 1:.n 5iapICe::ia "Lou · 1994. Mia apxiICn unnpe:oia ICatco"Ln 5ia9coiµn "LO 
~eic£µ{3pio "LOU 1993 Ol:.O aepo5p6µio Heathrow "Lou Aov5ivou. 
2. 6 H e~£.A1~n npoc; "Lo · nayic60µ10 Euo"Lnµa Ki Vlli:Wv 
UMTS 'TnAe:niKOl. VWVl.Wv -
Onwc; £xei ~E:l<l. vnoe::i., t.O t.pi 1:.n<;; vevi6c;; OUO"Lnµa Kl. vni:W'I i:n.he::niicoi vwviW'/ UMTS 
e::ivai oxe5iooµtvo -va K·al:.ao"t.e:i tva nayIC6oµio wncpiaic6 ouoi:hµa nollan.Awv 
·.Ae::iT.oupyiW'I Kai nollan.Awv unnpeoiwv nou e::~e::.Aiooe::"t.aJ.. an6 ta onµe:piv6 
ouoi:nµai:.a 5e:oi:e::pnc;; yevl.6<;;. 
01. yeviicoi Ol:.6XOl. unnpeOlWv via t.O UMTS ne:pi.Aaµ{36vouv: 
• "to OMTS Sa npcne::i va nap£xe::'i unnpeoie::c;; oe µia µe::y6An noiici.Aia an6 
nepi{36A.Aovi:.a .Ae::noupyiac;; ·Ka0iot.W'll:.a<; ·5uvai:n "Lnv m.:icoivwvia o.n6 "LO 
oniT.i, t.o ypocpe::io, n6.Ae::ic;; n aypol:.l.lCC<; ne::pioxcc;, oi:a0e::p£<; 1:.0no9e::oie::<; 
n lCl.VOUpe::va oxnµat.Q, 
"to UMTS ea np8ne::1 va nap£xe::1 £va e::upu cp6oµa unnpe::oiwv, 
l.o UMTS ea np£ne::i va unooi:.npi~e::i cva e::upu cpaoµa t.unwv 
u:pµai:::.1icwv, an6 o.AoK.hnpwµ£va pi:ipou ·~apom; xe::ip6cpe:pt.a 
't:e::pµa.u.Ka we; i::e::f)µa"Lix:6 noll<Jv µcowv icai in vni:::.6 i:epµat.iic6 
pnopouv va napcxo\Jv e::nu::oi vwv1aicn bie:naq>n µe:: 6lla i:e:pµot.iic6, ici vni:.c.Jv 
cpwvn "Li ic 6 
nou va 
-r.o UMTS ·ea npcne::i va unooi:npi~e:1 -r.ic;; £vvoie::c;; 1:.WV novic6oµiwv 
npoowruicwv Em.Kol. VWVlWV ( UPT). 
H e:uSU'Vn via 't.nv T.Unonoinon 't.OU UMTS £xe::i bo0e::i ot.nv 1:.exvii<::n e::nit.ponn t.OU 
ETSI SMG ( Ei5:ucn oµ6ba K1 vnt.wv Em.Kol. vwviwv). Ta Ka8nkovi:.6 1:.n<;; ot.o xc.Jpo 
aui:.6 ne::pi.haµ{36vouv: 
16 H bi:tponfa 'tO 199-2 ~t£1ve p1a ~nyia tou ZupJ'ou.ll.iou y:i,.a va ~1aOlf(l.l\.iou 'tOV saBop1op6 OUXVO'tfl'tWV yi.a 'tO TPTS 
(Cal(t21314 'td.ufl -SYN UO, 22. 07. t2). Atn:fl qnu:a'tao'td8nxe Clpy6upa an6 pi.a ~n 'tDC UC.: o~..,va i,ae uc: 
irauuluvti'tp1t" . vpopi,atc; nou . 'ti&cv'tcu O'to ftt>1011a 'tOu Z~llouuou. tnc 19nc Jlocpjlpiou 1992. vi.a tnv £90Rlovfl o'tnv 
~1W'tft'ta ono~ 'tnC: lklttup.mauflc: En1't$)0nf1C: P~1ocnuo1vwv1'1v (92.)/C318/0l; OJ C:ll8/l, .t.12. 92),, BMne 
cnioru: vtc ~tvvion O'tO OUV't0,V1QP6 OVXVO'tfltwv, ftap6p't'1~0 A. .R !AC 11P61t£l.'tCll VO u108uttou 1110 o-Ocnaon V10 
flPOCIWl>1vfa tvcp1on tl)nou n onota ea uAonoineei O'tJ.C: JtWpec: 'tnc: C&PT npo 'tnC: u108t'tnonc: cv6c: CTR v1a 'to TPTS. 
103 
• napavwvn i::.ou 13aOl.KOU 1:.E:XVl.KOU Uhl.KOU via 1:.0 UMTS, 
• napavwvn pe:_pWV i::.wv EupwnaYKW'V npoi::.unwv, 
• ouve:pvaoia pe: Eupwnalic:a e:pe:uvni::.iic:a npovpappai::.a (n.x. RACE), 
• ouvi::.oviop6 pe: i::.ov i::.opta i::.unonoinonc; i::.nc; ITU via navic:6opia np6i::.una 
oi::.o UMTS/FPLMTS. 
To np6vpappa tpe:uvac; ic:ai avani::.u;nc; RACE II i::.n<; Eupwnalic:n<; Koiv6i::.ni::.a<; oe: 
nponypCV£<; 1:£XVOhOVi£<; i::.n.he:nl.KOl. VWVl.Wv OUVE:1.ocp£pe:l. 01:.IlV e:pvaoia Vl.a 1:.0 
UMTS µtow tpvwv oi::.i<; ne:pioxt<; i::.wv i::.e:xvo.hoyic;,v pa5ionp6o~aon<; 6nc.x; ~ TOMA 
ic:ai n CDMA, oxe:5iaopou ic:uqre:.hW'V Kai ouxvoi::.ni::.wv ic:ai 0e:p6i::.wv 5iic:~uwon<;1 . 
01 oi::.6xo1 i::.ou UMTS e:~e:i::.6~ovi::.a1 p£oa oi::.nv ITU un6 i::.ov i::.i i::..ho 
Anp6oio tuoi::.npa Kivni::.wv En1ic:o1vwv1W'V 8np6<; (FPLMTS). M£oa 
npow0e:ii::.a1 e:pvaoia via i::.o FPLMTS an6 i::.o 1986. 01. 61aic:avov1opoi 
via i::.o FPLMTS ~e:Kivnoav apx1K6 oi::.nv WARC'92 (BAtne: Ilap6pi::.npa B). 
3. IAICTIKEE KINHTEE EilIKOINCNIEE Me:llovi::.1JC6 
oi::.nv ITU, 
ouxvoi::.ni::.wv 
01 161wu.ic:tc; Kl. vni::.tc; pa61oe:n1Kol. vwvie:c;' ( PMR) avani::.ux0nKav an6 i::.nv avavic:n 
va JCai::.aoi::.e:i 5uvai::.n n 6npioupyia e:n1Ko1vwv1W'V ic:.he:ioi::.W'V op65wv xpnoi::.W'V pe: 
oi::.6.hou<; oxnpai::.wv. H Ae:ii::.oupvia yive:i::.ai i::.uniic:a an6 tva ic:tvi::.po 6ie:ic:ne:paiwon<; 
npo<; i::.a ic:i vni::.6 nou Ae:i i::.oupvow oe: tva ne:piopiop£vo api.0µ6 anoic:.he:ioi::.iKW'V 
pa610Kava.h1W'V. H e:nu:oivwvia pnope:i va e:ivai Kal. µ£ow cpwvfl<; ic:ai µ£ow 
6e:6op£vwv, n ~wvni::.iic:n e:niic:oivwvia e:ivai i::.uni.Ka npiap~i6popo<; (6n.ha6n 
"nie:~e: via va pi.Anoe:ic;" ). H piic:pn i::.ou<; .he:ii::.oupvi.JCn 6uvai::.6i::.ni::.a onpaive:i 
6i::.i oi PMR e:ivai npoo6iopiop£ve:c; via anopovwp£vou<; n.hnv 6pW<; pe:va.houc; 
i::.ope:ic; i::.nc; avopac;. 
Ol. PMR onpe:pa napouoia~ouv OX£1:.l.KQ p£i::.pia av6ni::.u~n, aVT.l.JCai::.oni::.pi~ovi::.ac; i::.nv 
wpip6i::.ni::.a i::.nc;. avopac;, i::.n 6ia0e:oip6i::.ni::.a e:voh.h01Ci::.1ic:W'V 6uvai::.oi::.1hwv 6nW<; oi 
JCuqre:.hoe:i6e:ic; e:niic:oivwvie:c; JCal. i::.a onpavi::.iJC6 npol3.hnpai::.9 oup~6pnonc; Kai 
e:JCxWf)nonc; ouxvoi::.ni::.wv, e:i61ic:6i::.e:pa A6yw i::.ou 6i::.1 n an66oon oi::.n xpnon i::.ou 
~aopai::.oc; pnope:i va e:ivai noAu xapn.hn. 
Ta ava.hoviic:a ~e:uic:i::.1Kono1np£va ouoi::.npai::.a PMR 
JCl.vni::.wv pa61oe:n1Ko1vwv1wv 5np6oiac; np6ol3aonc; 
EupwnaYic:n Evwon i::.o 1986. Ta ouoi::.npa-r.a aui::.6 (-r.a ic:a.houpe:va ouo-r.npa-r.a 
(PAMR)) · e:ionx0noav o-r.nv 
unoo-r.npi~ouv i::.n pe:pi~6pe:vn 
17 Mtoa o'to RACB, o'tnv cpyaoia via 'tov opio1o16 'tou UMTS OIJlollolC'ttxouv tvac: apillol6c: &i6spnwv tf>VW'#. l'aU'td 
ncpiMJpJ6vonai 'ta ATDMA, COOIT, NONBT, PI.ATOR, MAVT, SAINT SQ1 TSURNa. 0 ouvoAll6c; ClV'tllCl.loltVu:6c; oson6c; 'tOU 
tpyou CODIT, civai va &icpcuvt&oci 'tic; &uva't6'tn't£C: 'tnc; 'tcxvis6c: c~ via 'to Wft'S, c'll'W cscivoc: 'tOU AT~ civai va 
avaJl'tOtci Jtp)nwtvcc: uxvutc: via 'tnv ~'tonoinon cv6c; Wftl Jaoi01o1tvou oc TIJllA. H ou't1116 atia aU'tWv 'twv 
no~ UXVllWv ta atio.>.oyn8ci O'tO 'ttAoc: 'tWV tf>VW'#. 0 sOpioc: O't6xoc: 'tOU tfl'(OU PI.ATOR, cival. VQ QVQll'tOtci vta 
cpya).cia .>.oviCJlolisoO 'ta onoia ta cni'tptwe>uv ano&o'ti.s6 Jtp)VPQPlolat.iO!ol6 ouxvot.6t.wv via t.o wcrs, c'V'W 'tO tfl'(O NOllBT, 
O'tOUOcl. ot.nv avdn'tutn cv6c: nAaioiou &1.S'tuasWv Jtp)t.On.iv via 'tO UM'l'S. To tpyo Mr.YT, O'tOUOci O'tOV CV'tOnl.Olol6 vtwv 
aAvopillolWV sw&isonoinonc: asouo'tisoo o6&aat.oc; sai o6&aat.oc; Jinco via 'tnv csno1o1n6 uwnMac: no·i6'tnt.ac; aso\JO'tisoo 
o6&la'toc;, aai ota&aat.oc: Jinco ot.alcp6c; aai sivoO!olcvnc: cia6vac; oc sivn't6 ncpiJd).Aov. ~t.a 6'>xioav &Oo vta tpya 
&nAa&6 'to SAINT nou ta anot.i1o1taoci aai ta ~iopioci 'tic; anautaocic: via 'tnv o.>.oll}J\pwan 'twv &oc>uFPWY ot.o UM'l'S 
sai 'to TSUllAMI nou cot.idtci 'tnv cpyaoia 'tOU o'tnv avdn'tutn ~oo'tisWv ouo'tnp6'twv scpaiWv via 'to Ulll'S. 
Kai cvac: api8i.a6c: 6AAwv tpywv ND Ot.O llAaiOJ.0 t.OU RACE OUVCJ.a9tpci O'tOV sa8opiCJlol6 t.OU j,ld.AoV'tUOO OUO't6&aat.oc; 
sivnt.Wv cnisoi"""'J.Wv &nAa&6 t.O MOBILIS& nou aVt.ij,lct.wnitci tvav api8'16 8ci.a6t.wv oxct.iswv lolC 'tDV Cl.OQVUV6 t.WV UPT, 
t.o MIClDAL, nou ouvciO(ftpci o'to ou&iaop6 sai t.nv cttAitn t.nc; ot.alcpi\c; uno&op6c; via pcA.>.onis6 1Uvn't6 &uputwvisd 
luot.6&aat.a sai 'tO MOEBIUS, tva tpyo COt.1QO)ltvo oc sivn'ttc; cuputwvutc: cnuoi'lll.IVicc; &opU90p11t6c; J6onc:. 
Bva dAAo noAO onpanis6 tpyo, ot.o nAaioio t.wv 1o1cA.>.ovt.isc:iv ctcAitcwv ot.ic; sivnt.tc: cnisoi'llYVicc; civai t.o tpyo MBS 
nou ta ctcpcuvt&oci t.nv &uvat.6t.nt.a aivnt.Wv cnisoivwvl.Wv noAO ~ pulpWY &c&opt'llYV ot.nv ncpiox6 ouxvo't6t.wv t.wv 
60 GHz. 
104 
xpnon pa61oic.:avaA1wv µe:t.a;u xpnot.t:Jv, µe: ic.:upiouc; oic.:onouc; t.nv ano6ot.iic.:n xpnon 
t.ou cpaoµat.oc; Kol. t.n {3e:A t. iwon t.ou e:m.n£5ou t.nc; {3aoiic.:nc; unnpe:oiac; PMR. H 
{3pe:t.av1ic.:n npo5iaypacpn MPT1327 e:ivai n ne:pioo6t.e:po e:up&wc; xpno1µono1ouµe:vn 
ot.nv Eup<:>nn ic.:ai ic.:a9iot.at.ai oiya-oiy6 tva de facto np6t.uno. Enionc; un6pxouv 
Kai CiAAa 1516Kt.nt.a ouot.nµat.a. 
Mia icupia 5iacpop6 µe:t.a;u i:wv ~e:unu:ono1nµ£vwv PMR oe: o\l'yicpion µe: t.ic; 
{3aoiictc; PMR an6 t.nv nAe:up6 t.ou xpnot.n civai 6t.i 01 xpnot.cc; txouv t.n 
5uvat.6t.nt.a va eyypacpo6v oe: µia unnpe:oia avt.1 va cyKat.aot.noouv KOl va 
Ae:it.oupyoliv 51Kn t.ouc; uno5oµn. 
To np6t.uno t.WV '!'Jl<pl.OlCWv TETRA (Aicupwnalic&c; Z&UlCt.lKOnoinµfve:c; 
Pa51ocn1Ko1 vwvie:c;) nou avant.uooe:t.ai an6 t.o ETSI OV't.l.npoowneuci t.n 5c\he:pn 
vcvia t.wv ~cuict.1Kono1nµ£vwv KJ.vnt.t:Jv pa5ioouot.nµat.wv. 
3.2 H t.aon npoc; t.a 1fll<pl.aic6 teuKt.1Kono1nµ£va ouot.nµat.a -TETRA 
To ETSI onµcpa oAoic.:AnpWve:i t.nv npo5iaypaq>n t.wv TETRA (AicupwnaIK£<; 
Ze:uict.11conoinµ£ve:c; Pa61oe:niic.:01 vwvie:c;). Oi TETRA naptxouv anol>ot.l.Kn xpnon 
t.OU ~aoµat.oc;, 51.aACl.t.OUPVl.K6t.nt.a µct.a~u 51.Kt.UWV lCQl. lCOl.V6 opioµ6 t.OU 
e:;onAioµou, ot.oxe:uovt.ac;; ot.nv napoxn ot.ouc; xpnot.cc;, ~opcic; cicpe:'taAAcuonc; 
Kai npoµnecut.tc; µiac;; nio ano6ot.1Kn<;; Kai xaµnA6u:pou K6ot.ouc; Auonc; an6 
aUt.nv 'tWV onµe:pi vwv avaAoyiKWv ouo'tnµat.wv PAMR. ea unoo'tnpi~e:i, 6nou 
anai t.e:i t.ai, mimAnc;; ot.60µnc; Ae:i t.oupyl.1(:6t.nt.a unnpcoiac; ouµncp1Aaµ{3avoµ£vwv 
Kai 5uvat.ot.nt.wv ne:piaywync;. 
Opyavioµoi 5nµ6oiac; a0<p6Ae:1ac; Kai opyavioµoi e:nixe:ipnoiaKfu; {36onc; 
(aot.uvoµia, nupoo{3e:t.1Kn, µe0opiaK£<; apx£c;, 5ao1K£c; unnpe:oicc;, ic.A.n.) 
e:ivai ni9av6 va yivouv oi Kupioi xpnot.cc; t.wv TETRA. Oi opyavioµoi 5nµ6oiac; 
aocp6he:1ac; t.nc; Mne:ve:Aou~, e:ve:pyWvt.ac; µtoa ot.nv oµ65a Schengen, txouv 
5nAWCle:i cnciyouoa anait.non via 51aee:o1µ6t.nt.a t.ou npoI6vtoc; Kat.a t.n 
616pKc1a t.ou 1994, e:vt.out.oic;;, 01 nAnpe:ic; anait.noe:ic; aUt.t:Jv t.wv opyavioµW'V 
anoµtve:i aic6µa va KaAU<p0oU'V an6 ·uc; npo5iaypacp£c; t.ou ETSI. 
Mia onµavt ucn anai t.non 6nou n 
e:v5oic.:oivot.iic.:6 oU'Vopa e:ivai n 
ouxvot.nt.wv. xpnon t.£t.oiwv ouot.nµ6t.wv e:Ki:civct.ai ot.a 
ouve:x6µe:vn 61aee:o1µ6t.nt.a t.wv Kai:6AAnAwv 
oi TETRA ea µnopouoav np6yµat.i va ic.:at.aoi:oliv ic.:upioc; nap6yovt.ac; avave:wµ£vnc; 
avant.u;nc; ot.nv EupwnaYic.:n ayop6. t.wv PMR. 
3.3 Kivnt.tc; Ynnpe:oie:c; de:5oµtv~v 
.a.e:5oµ£va µnopoliv va µe:t.ape:p0ouv an6 t.a m::pioo6t.epa Kl. vn-ta ouot.nµat.a Kai 
£xe:i UAonoin0e:i µia no1ic.:1Aia e:cpapµoywv nou µe:t.aq>tpouv 6c6oµ£va oe: xaµnA£c; 
t.axuL.nt.cc;. 
Ta anoic.:Ae:1ot.1K6 ouoL.nµat.a icivnt.wv unnpe:oiWV' 6c~oµtvwv £ivai µia n16 
np6oq>atn e;tAi~n icai ot.i.<; n£pioo6"r.cpe:<; m:pinL.ooci<; xpnoiµonoioU-v t.e:xviicn 
{3aoioµtvn ot.a na:teft.a via va e:ni "tuxouv ano6ot.1Kfl xpnon t.ou q>Qoµat.oc;. oi. 
e:cpapµoytc; ne:pi.Aaµi36vouv unnpe:oie:c; t.unou ictVt.pou 5ie::tem:paiwonc; tc::ai. 
anoµe:µaKpuoµtvn e:i.oayCJJl{fl 5e:5oµ£vwv. Eflµe:pa n£pi.oo6t.e:po xpnoiµonoi.oUvt.ai. oe: 
KA£1ot.£c; oµ65e:c; xpnot.wv, e:vt.out.oic; n au~non "twv ~opnt.C:W npoowni:tet:Jv 
105 
unoA.oviot.W\T e:v6txe:t.ai va napave:i tva e:uput.e:po <paoµa unnpe:oi.W\T. To ouot.nµa 
Mobitex avant.ux0mce: oav t.o ne:p1006t.e:po e:uptW<; uio0e:t.nµtvo un6.l3a0po via 
ano1<A.e:1ot.11<6 6i1<t.ua Kl. vnt.W\T unnpe:oiW\T 6e:6oµtvwv ot.nv EupWrln, nap6A.o nou 
lJilOpXOUV Kal. OAAa l.6l.6Kt.nt.a OlJOt.nµat.a. 
To npo6iavpaµµtvo an6 t.o ETSI ooot.n1:1a TETRA 0a naptxe:i tva Eupwna1K6 
np6t.uno via Kl. vnt.cc;; unnpe:oie:c;; 6e:6oµtvwv Ka0Wc; Kai via oµiA.ia. To ETSI 
e:nionc;; e:pvate:t.ai navw ot.nv npo6iavpa<pn e:v6c;; Kl.vnt.ou pa6ioouot.nµat.oc;; 
6e:6oµtvwv t.UnOU naKCt.OU. 
01 DSRR npoopitovt.ai va naptxouv tva µi.Kpou 1<6ot.ouc;; 'i'Jl<pl.aK6 ouot.nµa PMR, 
nou· npoo<ptpe:i ane:u0e:iac;; e:n11<01vwvia µe:t.a;u Kl.vnt.Wv xpnot.Wv, n AE:l.t.oupvia 
µtac.> e:v6c;; avaµe:t.a66t.n, xwpic;; t.nv avavKn µiac;; e:1611<nc;; Kl. vnt.nc;; uno6oµnc;;, 
6nW<; aut.n nou anait.e:it.ai an6 t.ic;; TETRA. 
H Eni~ponn txe:i npot.e:ive:i µia 06nvia nou a<pop6 ot.ic;; tW'1e:c;; ouxvot.nt.wv nou 
ea 1<aeopiot.0Uv via t.ic;; DSRR. Et.o µe:t.a~u, ouµq>WVa µe: t.n vta npootvvion Ot.OV 
ouvt.ovioµ6 ouxvot.nt.wv ( .l3A.tne: napapt.nµa ~), n EupwnaYKn Eni t.ponn 
Pa6ioe:nu:oi vwviwv ( ERC) txe:i A.6.l3e:i µia an6<paon via t.ic;; ouxv6t.nt.e:c;; nou ea 
61.at.e:eoU'v ot.ic;; DSRR. 
H 61aee:o1µ6t.nt.a t.wv npoY6vt.wv DSRR txe:i 1<aeuot.e:pnoe:1. t'aUL.6 ouve:io<ptpouv 
ioxupioµoi nou a<popoU'v oe: ni0avtc;; nape:µ.l3oA.£c;; µe: QAA.a ouot.nµat.a, e:1611C6t.e:pa 
t.o GSM, Kai µia ouµne:pi<popa "ac;; ne:piµtvouµe: va 6ouµe:" an6 t.ouc;; 
l<Ot.OOICE:Uaot.£ <;. 
Oc;; anot.£A.e:oµa, tva µe:itov EupwnaYK6 'i'Jl<pl.aK6 npoY6v 1Ca8uot.e:pe:i an6 t.nv 
av6nt.u~fl t.ou ot.nv avopQ, e:1611<6t.cpa 'A6vw t.wv npo.l3'Anµ6t.wv ouxvot.flt.wv nou 
ouv:xf ~ouv va e:ivai 6Aut.a. Anai t.e:it.ai e:ne:ivouoa e:ni'Auon t.wv npo.l3'Anµ6t.wv 
Q\TtWV 
3.5 Aoupµat.a LAN Kai Aoupµat.a PABX 
Et.nv ne:pioxfl t.wv aoupµat.wv t.on11<wv 611<t.uwv, t.o npo6iavpaµµtvo an6 t.o ETSI 
ouot.nµa "HiperLan" ava<ptpe:t.ai oe: tva pa61oe:n1Ko1 vwviaK6 unoouot.nµa nou 
npoopite:t.ai va naptxe:i U'i'Jl'Al'lc;; t.axut.nt.ac;;, µ1.1Cpou µfl1<ouc;; te:u;e:ic;; µe:t.a~u 
ouot.nµat.wv unoA.oviot.wv µe: t.un11C6 npoopioµ6 t.nv t.on11<fl e:pvaoia µtoo ot.o 
onit.l. l<Ol. Ot.O Kt.ipia. Eva np6t.uno, nou 0a e:n1t.p£ne:1 µe:t.a66oe:ic;; µ£xpl. Kal. 
20 Mbit/s, avaµtve:t.ai va napa6oee:i an6 t.o ETSI Kat.6 t.n 616p1<e:1a t.ou 1994. 
Et.nv ne:pioxfl t.WV aoupµat.wv PABX, 1<up1apx0Uv 16161<t.nt.e:c;; 'Auoe:ic;;. Ta CT2 Kal. 
01 DECT (.l3A.tne: t.µflµa 2.2) e:ivai owot.6 t.ono0e:t.nµtva, Wot.e: va e:nit.ptnouv t.n 
xpflon e:~on'Aioµou xaµnA.ou 1<6ot.ouc;;, ne:p1006t.e:po e:ut'A11<t.ou 1<01 ouµ.l3at.ou. An6 
t.a 6uo 01. DECT txouv ne:p1006t.e:pe:c;; 6uvat.6t.nt.e:c;;, KUpiW<; via µn cpwvnt.11<£<; 
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avayyeAiec; o"tn raAAia icai "tnv OAAavbia. 
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an6 t.o GSM. 
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108 
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MfAn oLo va e:nava~ioAoynoouv Ln ~aoiKn nppo£vvion Louc; Kai va Kivneoo-v 
npoc; ~nv OUOl.00Ll.Kn OVLOVWVl.OLl.Kn napoxn • A~6 Q~QVQKAQ ~n ye:viKI'l 
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ayop6c; Kai KavovioLl.KWv aAAayW'V , npoc; ne:pioo6Le:po ane:Ae:u0e:pwµ£ve:c; 
Ln.Ae:niK~l. vwviaK£<; unnpe:oie:c; L6oo oe: nayK6oµio 600 Kai oe: Eupwna!K6 
e:nine:6o • 
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£KXwpn0ei n npoypaµµaLl.0L£i onµe:pa OLilV Eupwna!Kn Evwon via ~l.<; KUpie:c; 
ne:pioxtc; ~WV Kl.VnLWv e:nl.KOl.VWVl.Wv. 
01 uonp£oi£~ avciAovixnc; xivn~nc; ~nA£~wviac; naptx~'1"ta1 a~avwv10~1x6 p6vo o~n raAAia xa1 
o~o Hvwptvo BaoiA£10, £vw ~o GSM V£V1x6 napfxE~ai o~n ~6on £v6c; 61nwAiou. 
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TnAcnixoivwv1£c;, COM(87)290 T£Aix6, 30. 06. 87. Ta Kp6~n-MfAn, 6pwc;, 6·1£pimv£uoav ~ic; 
~6o£ic; an£A£u8tpwonc; nou ~tenxav pE ~nv Ilp601vn Bi~Ao ~ou 1987 xa~6 ~nv av6n~utn £9vixnc; 
noA1~1xnc; via ~ic; xivn~tc; Enixoivwvicc;. 
ria A£n~optp&i£c; ~nc; xavovio~ixnc; xa~6o~aonc; o~nv Koiv6~n~a, ~Afne i6iai~epa 
• Aia6ixaoi£~ a6e1066~nonc; xai 6nAc.>onc; via u.c; xivn~tc; Enixoivwviec; o~a Kp6~n-MtAn ~nc; 
Eupwnarxnc; Koiv6~n~ac;", Ex9eon npoc; ~nv Eni~ponn ~wv Eupwnarxwv Koivo~n~wv nou ouvt~atav 
n Stanbrook & Hooper xai n KPMG 'Peat Marwick, Auyouo~oc; 1993. 
124 
ti Fluurc n I : I ,lccncc11 nttrihuce11 ou prcvucR pour leR communlcntlonR mohllcR curopccnne11 
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I I Plus tune lic:cnce attribu6e ou Jrivue. 
AUCUQO licence attrib\16c ou infonnation non di.,.Uble. 
Note: Ce tableau ne comprend pu ~ liceDQll attribu6ea ou pmues pour le systane 
de radiomellll«ie num«ique ER.MES clans un ~ nombre d'Etats membrea. 
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"C.WV avopc;.w "C.WV icivnLWv cniicoivwviW'V Lnc; Evwonc;: 
• Ilapa5ooiaic6, "C.O Kp6Ln-M£1'.n CXOUV icaµci npoo£yyion LCXVOhOVl.Kfl<;, 
µOAAov, napa unnpcoiaicnc; ~aonc;, a~iµcLwni~o~ac; icaec v£a 
LCXVOAovia we; xwpioLn avopa unoicciµcvn oc xwpio"C.£<; 5ia5iicaoicc; 
a5cio56Lnonc; (LilACCl.5onoinon, K\Jl/CA0Cl.5n OUOLnµaLO lCLA.). H 
xwpioLn a5cio56Lnon ouxva cµno51~ci LOU<; cpopcic; cicµcLOAAcuonc; va 
npoocp£pouv 5iacpopcL1.K£<; icivnL£c; unnpcoicc; napa Ll.<; oiicovoµicc; 
KAiµaicac; n KOA\Jl/Il<;; nou ea µnopouoav VO £01.LCUxeou-v. 
• KaLa Ln xopnvnon a5ciW'V £xci ouxva npoLiµn0ci o unapxwv TO, av icai 
oc opioµ£vcc; ncpinLWocic; £xci ooaiLn0ci 006 a~6v va nap£xci Ll.<; 
unnpcoicc; LOU µ£ow µiac; opvavwLiica xwpioLnc; 0uya"tpiicnc;. 
• M6vo n napoxn Kl.VIlLOU LCPPiLl.KOU C~OnAl.Oµou, UOLCpa an6 LilV 05nvia 
LOU TcpµOLl.KOU E;onAioµou LOU 1988, civai nAnpwc; OVOl.XLn OLOV 
0VLavwvioµ6 0€ 6Aa LO KpaLn-MtAn. 
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icivnLWv 51.KLUWV Kai µcLa ~iac; unapxouv ic6noioi navcupwnaYKoi 
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nave:upwnalicnc; uno5oµnc;, µe: µe:y6Ao µtpoc; Lnc; 5poµoA6ynonc; Lnc; 
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1. 2 Ex£.ocic; pc"ta~u "C.WV ouppcL6xwv "tn<; avop6<; 
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uno5oµnc; n OAAWV -unnpe:Ol.Wv. 
Aue n ne:pioo6Le:pol. an6 OULOU<;; LOU<;; p6Aouc; µnopci va civai e:vono1nµtvo1 
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88/301/EOK, OJL311, 27.05.88, p73 
126 
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µnopouoe: va eivai e:nixe:ipnµat.l.Kn µov65a µeoa oe tvav TO, n ave:~apt.nt.oc; 
cpopcac; c1q1ct.6AAe:uonc; icivni:ou 61.Kt.uou. 
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yia va e:ivai QVtaVC..>Vl.Ot.l.Koi. 
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127 
FIGURE Bl -Mod~e de r~f~rence reglementaire des relations entre fonctions 
mobiles 
USA GER 
FOURNISSEUR 
DU TERMINAL 
RESTATAIRE DE SERVICES 
OPERATEUR DE RESEAU 
MOBILE 
INFRA­
STRUCTURE 
DERESEAU 
MOBILE OPERATEUR 
DERESEAU 
FIXE UTRE OPERATEU 
DERESEAU 
Deux ou plusieurs de ces fonctions peuvent etre combinees dans le chef d'une mClne 
organisation, par exemple l'infrastructure radio mobile, et dans un certain nombre de 
cas, !'infrastructure de transmission necessaire pour relier entre eux stations radio de 
base et centres de commutation. Les operateurs mobiles assurent egalement souvent 
la fourniture de services (fourniture directe de services). Les fournisseurs de services 
sont souvent etroitement lies aux fournisseurs de tenninaux (detaillants). 
128 
1.3 b.nµ6oiec; Kl.Vni:.£c; enl.KOl.VWVie<; 
AvciAoyi.Ka KWfle.Aoe:i6n ouoi:.nuat.a 
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Ioo6livaµn e:.Ae::u0e:pia 660n.Ke Kai oe:: 61\ouc; t.ouc; cpope::ic; ci<µcL.6.h.Ae::uonc; 
K~Aoe:i&:>v 6iic-r.uwv an6 t.ov-Iavou6p10 1994. 
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µe lhaywviop6. 
129 
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Ollavoia (GreenPoint -"npaoivo Enµe:io"). 
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ano~avovi.oT.l.Konoinon. 
Tn1'.e:e::ioonoinon e::upe::fac ne:pioxnc 
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135 
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~apwouv t.ov cpopta e:Kµe:t.6.AAe:uonc; t.ou ot.a9e:pou 61Kt.uou, n 
ouµµe:t.oxn amn ea nptne:i va e:ivai 6iacpavnc;, va ~ooil;e:t.ai oe: 
aVt.i.JCe:iµe:vl.lc6 tcpl. t.l'lpi~3 Kai va µe:pite:t.ai 6b:aia oe: 6A.ouc; t.ouc; 
oupµct.6xouc; ot.nv ayop6 • 
Au't6 £!Vol. 9tµo VCVl.:KOU £v6iocptpoV"to~ O'tO UAO!Ol.0 'tWV 61a1tavov1opwv 61aoW6eonc: ltQl. 
't£1t.Wv np6o~oonc:. n,P6x£1'to1 va avoecwpn8£1 an6 'tnv Eni.'tponfl oupcpwvo pc 'to l'i'Mpiopa 'tOU 
tup~ouAiou 'tn~ 7n~ ~£~pouopiou 1994 v1a 'tn 61atnpnon xai. av6nt.utn xa80A1xnc: vnnp£oioc: oc 
0Vtaywv1o't11t6 ncp1~6AAov xa'ta 'tnv npoct.oi.pooia y1a 'tn ycv1xn pu8p1on t.wv xavov1o't11t~v 
ouv8n:Kwv via t..nv nAI\pn anc1t.cue~pwon 'tn~ 6nµ601ac; cpwvnt.un~ vnnpcoiac: ptxpi. t.nv 1 
Iavouopiou 1998 (µc np6o0ucc; pci:o~o'tu:t~ ucp166ouc: 5 £'tWV y1a 'tnv Ell66o, Ionavia. 
Dop'toyaAio JtQl. IpAov61o xai. -6nou a1t.10Aoycit.a1 -2 £'tWv yi.a 'to .Aou~cµ~oupyo). 01 
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Iavovap10 1996 (~1'.tnc Wi191opa t.ou Euµ~ouA!ou tn<; 7nc; ec~povopiou 1994 y1a t.nv xo80A11tn 
uun,P£oia, uou np6xc1'ta1 va 6npoo1cuec1. 
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Kat.6AAnAn e:Kxc.Jpnon ne:pioxc.Jv apieµc.Jv, Kw5l.KWv np6o~aonc;; Kai 
npo0e:µ6t.wv unnpe:oiac;;. 
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t.nAe:nl.KOl.VWVl.aK6 OUOt.nµa e:it.e:, 
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6nou ouv6covt.ai, xpnoiµonoioll'v t.uni.Ktc; 
Ee: µe:piK£c;; ne:pint.c.;x,e:ic;;, e:v5£xe:t.ai va e:ivai e:ni0uµnt.tc;; µi.Kpo~e:At.ic.;x,e:ic; 
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PAMR. 
unocsoun 
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µtoa o'to icivnt.6 C51Kt.uo e:vt.e:AW<; C5i6Kpit.e:c; an6 6noiaC5nnot.e: 5iaot1v6e:on µe: 
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q>opcic; cKµe:t.6AAcuon<; u vm.wv !nn.uwv nptm:i va xpno1µonoio0v ypaµµtc; 
nou µio0W'Vouv an6 ~ov cpop~o £KµcL.6AAe:uonc;; t.ou ot.a0cpou 61.K'tUou. 
H 6iaot1vC5con Kl.Vnt.ou C5l.K't.UOU/Kl.Vnt.ou 61.K't.UO\.J KaAUn'tE:l. µe:pl.Ktc; 
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Ka0ie:pc...>0ot1v o'tnv avopa e:Kµe:t.alle:u6µe:voi tva un6pxov 51Kt.uo. 
Yn6pxe:i n napantpa C5uvat.6t.nt.a va Ke:p6i~ouv oe: an66oon cp6oµat.oc; 
µtoe...> µe:pioµou T.WV KQVaAl.WV O\.JXVO'tOT.C..W 
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K60t.O<;; t.WV t.E:AWv C5iaouv6e:onc; Vl.a t.n Xpnon t.OU OT.a0e:pou 51.K't.UOU. 
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np6Ke:it.ai va au~n0e:i. 
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~n 6168£on 61xn~ ~ou uno6opn~ an6 ~nv 1 Iavouapiou 1994 xai ntpa. 
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Ta onµe:piva e:µn661a e:ivai: 
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138 
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unnpcoia ):1£ IJpOO<.tJl'Il.K6 Kc.t>l.K6 0£ ):ll.Q xc;,pa t.nV onoia CnJ.OKCrrtOVt.Ql. 1 Kai 
~i.atov:tcu 6J.aAei t.oupvu6 ouot.n):lat.a t.iµoA6ynonc;; µct.a~u t.wv cpopcwv 
eKpt:t.OAAe:uonc;; via va e:~aoq>a.Aioouv 6t.i oi eniotc£nu::c;; xpe:c.;wovt.ai ot.o 
A.ova_piaoµ6 t.ouc;; ot.n xc.Jpa 'touc;. r'ia va ef;aocpaA.iC-et.ai n µet.acpe:pt.6t.nt.a 
t..ou t.cppatl.Kou e~on.AiOJ:lOU XP£l.6~oVt.al., cnionc;, ouµcp<.tW1cc; OJ:10l.j3a1ac;; 
ty1q:>J..onc;; t.Ur1ou. 
H onµepivn 1c:a:r.6ot.aon oxe:t.l.K6 µe:: t.ic;; EupwnalKcc;; ouµcpwvie::c; m:piavwvnc;; 
µe:t.a;u cpopcwv e::icµe::t.¢1AA.e:uonc;; Vl.O "tO GSM cpaivovtal. ot.o l!xnµa 83. AUt.6 
6e:ixve::i 6t.i anoµtve::i aic:6µa va eni.t.e::ux0ci nave::uP<.tJlla!ic:n ne::piavwvn. 
H ne:piavwvn GSM e::cpapµ6~£i tva no.AUriAoKo oxc610 api6µo66t.nonc;; ic:ai 
ic:at.oxWpnon<; nou ouv6£e::i "tl.<; 6ie::pvaoie:c; 6iaxe::ipion<;; 0£onc;;, e::naMl0e::uonc;; 
KQl. T.l.µoA6Vnonc;; µe::"ta~u 6uo n m:pioo6u:pwv 61.lCt.OWV GSM. H 61061.Kaoia 
ne:piay<.tJVI'l<;; ncpi.A.aµ{36ve:i · ica"taxQ_pnan ic:ai avayvc;,pion "t.WV 
e::nloic:e:m:.c;w-xpnoi:c.Jv, ICavovu::n 6ie::~avwvn ic:A.noe::wv npoc; ic:ai an6 "touc; 
e:n10Ktnt.e::c;;-xpnot.e:c;~ lCQl. 61.0~l.KOOie:c; 'tl.µoA.6ynonc; lCQl. 51.0lCQVOVl.Op.OU 
e:o6&.>v. 
H ne::piavwvn xpnoiµonoie::i t.nv uno6oµfl onpa"tooooiac; nou naptxct.ai ·an6 t.o 
ouo"tnµa onµa"tooooiac; CCI'l'T Ap. 7 (SS7) -e::i6u6 t.o t.pflµa e::cpapµoync;; 
Kl.vn"tn<; unnpe:oiac; (MAP). To MAP µe:: i:.n oe:ip6 t.ou anait.c1 "to t.µflµa 
e:cpapJ:lovnc;; iic:avo"trhwv ouvciAAavnc;; (TCAP) nou e::6p6~e:t.ai ic:6t.w an6 "tnv 
noAuot.pwµa't u::n ooµfl nf)W't.oK6llwv 'tnc;; SS7. Av 6cv napcxovt.ai aUt.6 -r.a 
o'toixcia 6cv µnopo\Jv va o"ta.Ao\Jv, va Ancp0o'l1v n va 5poµoAo'{n0o'l1v 
n.h.npocpop1cc; Kl.Vnt.nc; onµa"to6ooia<;; Kai n ncpiavwvn 6e::v e::ivai 6uv0l:.n. Ta 
ne:pi.oo6'tcpo e::vicat.ao"tnµ£va 1ifi'l>l.aic:6 ic:£vt.pa 6e::v unoo't.np1~ouv OIC6µa t.o 
TCAP. npo13.h.£ne::t.al. 6t.i t.o TCAP 0a avant.ux0e::i 13a0µi.a1a µe::t.a~o t.WV KUpl.<JV 
~CUlC"tl.lCWv lCOl. 6ie:ev~v KCVt.pwv "t<.tJV PSTN/ISDN ot.nv Eupc.;nn, aAA6 unapxouv 
6uo ne:piopio"ti.ic:oi napavov"te:c;: 
• anpo0uµia t.wv TO va e::v0appU-Vouv -r.n xpnon 't.WV ouo"t.nµ6t.<JV 
onµa-r.o6oo1ac; t.ouc; an6 6.A.Aouc; 
• 6uvat.6 t.£An via ic:ivnon onµa"to6oo1ac;. 
E1va1 cmµav"tl.K6, e::noµtvwc;, via va unoot.np1;ouv ne::piayc.>yn, oi cpope::1c;; 
£1Cl.lCt.6.A.Acuonc; GSM VO e::ival. .ucavo1 j3paxunp60e::o):la VO nap6oxouv aµe::oe::c;; 
~e::u~ci<;; onµa"to6oo1ac; SS7 TCAP µe::t.a~u 'twv 6i.ic:t.uc.uv t.ou<;;, 6e:6oµtvou 6t.i 
t.a PSTN/ISDN -6e::v ea unoo"tnpi~ouv 
"t.C"t.Ol.C<;; ouvaAAavtc;;. Au"t.6 "t.O e::nl.KaAUnt.l.K6 6iK"tl10 SS7 ea xpe::i6~ct.al. via 
A1vo KOl.p6, Kai av6Aova µe:: t.a t.£.An, av un6pxouv, nou ea e::nij3.An9o'l1v an6 
01. ovp.~icc; ncpioywytu; }lC'ta~u OU:"tUWV ltl.VD'tWV CUl.ltOl.VWVl.WV, CJ:'t~ an6 'tnv napoxl\ 
't&xvixwv cvxoAiwv 01ooov6conc; xai oupcpwvicc; via 'tnv aV'taAAayi\. via nap66c1V}la, 6c6opfvwv 
&Atyxou Kol. 'tl.poA6ynonc;, npoUno9f't.ouv ~u6 c~opiic:6 oupcpwvia napoxfu; unnpcoiac; 'tou 
cv6c; ptow 'tOU 61.lt'tOou 'tou 6.A>t.ou, n 6'ti ea &Dl.'tptnc'tai oc avc~6p'tn'tou~ napox£ic; unnpeo1~v 
va c~~toouv ~f~o1c~ oupcpwvicc;. 
141 
~ Figure BJ : Les Accords curopcens d'itincrance pour les services GSM rcstcnt clairscmcs (aoOt 199~) 
~I~ 0 ~ UH ~ Pll -1 ~I ?.1 o~ t4 -r: I I}; ~I Z Vl a s ~ 
B ! ~ B ! l ~ = ~ -~ J . B ~ 1 B ~ i ~ I lii e I Im = J! 
. ! iii!!~. S & ~it~ j a! ti!~ ii!~ J ~I~ 
r-"'I""'""----------~-. Be 1com B ·· X X X 
Sonofon DK XX XXXX XX X XX X XXXX 
TeleDanm1rk X X X X X X X X X X X X X 
Telecom Finland 
RadlollnJa 
A PAT 
I Telemobll 
L Netcom 
I Comvik 
laropoUtaa 
Tella Mobltel 
P'IT 
Notes: 
Source: XIX x XIXIXIX 
A 
SF I l~l~lxl~I I f f xlxl f ~f I lxlxl l~I x XIXIXIX 
x XIXIXIX 
IS 
N" 
s 
CH XIXIXIX 
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 
x x x x x x x 
x x x 
X X XIX x 
m x x x 
X-accord d'itinerance sip; situation en aodt 1993; suic:Cptible de changer. x 
! 
! 
! x ·x1 x 
x x x x 
x x x x x x 
x x x 
Les accords d'itinerance entre opaateurs europ6ens et non-europ6ens ne sont pas repris. ~lxlxl"xl 
Les licences GSM d'Europe centrale et de rest -par exemple en Hongrie et en Russie -ne IOllt pas encore opmationnelles. 
Cette situation peut changer rapidemenl Les informations peuvent ~tre obtenues 
cliredement aupra des op6rateun de W6communications mobiles ou des prestataires de BerVice:s. 
L'Espagne a indiqu6 IOll intention cl'attribuer. des licences pour deux opaateurs de GSM. 
GSM MoU Permanent Secretariat 
t.ouc; TO via t.n xpnon t.wv KavciAiWV' onµat.o&>oiac;, £v0tx£t.ai va 
napaµ£iv£i µ6v1µ0 xapaKt.np1op1K6 yvt:>pioµa t.n<; 6iaoliv6conc;; GSM. 
To GSM 0cwpn0nKc an6 t.nv apxr'l we; nav£up<.ria1ic:6 ouot.nµa oiic:o6oµnµtvo 
oUµcpwva µ£ evapµovioµtva np6t.una. To GSM napaµtv£i t.oµtac; 
npot.cpai6t.nt.ac; via KOl.VOt.l.KO 6paon via VO 6ievep0£i n ayopa via 
npaypat.iK6 6icupwna1K6 Kl.Vnt.6 ouot.nµat.a. 
3. C navcupc.>nalicoi pnxavi.oµoi oupqmcpiopou 
Ilapa6ooialC6, n 6iax£ipion t.wv t.nAcniic:oivc.JVJ.QlC~ AovapiaopC:,V txci 
pu8pi~ci µc Oipcpcic; oupcpwvicc; µct.a~~ -cwv <poptc.>V £Kµ£t.6AAcuonc;, P6oci 
~oocwv Aovapiaop~ o~avptvwv an6 -cnv ITU. 
O au;av6p£vo<; api0µ6c; t.WV ouµµ£t.6xwv o-cic; Eupc..11alKt<; t.nA£niKoivwvi£c; 
KQl. n av6v1m via open t.l.}:lOA6VnOn 't.WV 11m:piay6µ£VWV11 n£AOt.(Jv, 0a 
eict.civouv t.ic; 6ip£p£1c; ouµcpwvi£c;; ot.a 6p16 t.ouc;. 
ria nap66civµa, tvac; ouv6poµnt.nc; cvvcvpaµµtvoc; oc µia icivnt.n unnpcoia 
ot.n XWpa A e:v5txct.ai va e:nioice:,ee:i t.n xWpC1 B Kai an6 CK£i va KaA.toci 
µia unnpcoia np6o0e:t.ou t.tA.ouc; ot.n xt:>pa r. 
01 nAnpo<popicc;; A.ovapiaoµou nptm:i va KUKAo<popnoouv µct.a~u t.wv 5inuwv 
A, B ic:ai r via va c;ao<paA.10Lci 6t.i: 
• o napoxtac; t.nc; unnpcoiac; np6o0e:t.ou t.£Aouc; O't.n xWp<l r ea nA.npw0ci 
avOA.ova via t.n xpnon t.n<; unnpe:oiac; t.ou 
• Ol. <pope:ic; £Kp£t.OAA£UOnc; Ot.l.<; XWpe<; 8 Kai L ea nAnpw8oUv via t.n 
µ£t.°'op6 t.n<; KAnonc; µtoo an6 t.a 5iict.u6 t.ouc; 
• icaee:µi.6 an6 OU't.C<; t.l.C; OUVl.Ot.00£<; ea n£pl.1'.aµp6vct.Ol. O"tO OUVOAl.K6 
noo6 nou xpcWV'c"t.al. ot.ov ne:A.6t.n an6 t.ov <popta cicµct.OAAcuonc; 
Kl.vn"tou 61.Kt.UOU O't.n XWpa A KOl. ea OiVOV"tOl. cnapKcic; ACn"toptpcicc; 
avciAut.iic6 t.µnµa"t.onoinµtve:c; ot.o napaot.at.iic6 A.ovapiaoµou t.ou 
ne:A.6t.n. 
ria noA.U!lA.oice:c; ouvaA.Aavtc; aut.ou t.ou t.unou oe: tva m:5io µc nolloll'c; 
oupµct.6xouc;, t.d ouot.nµat.a oiKtJV ouµ'!'Il<pl.oµou txe:i ~pc0ci 6t.1 npoo<ptpouv 
t.nv KaAU"te:pn A.uon. Ttt.Ol.Ol. µnxaviopoi txouv n6n cni6e:i;ci t.nv 
anot.e:A.e:oµat.iic::6t.nt.6 t.ouc; oe: CAAouc; -c.opcic;, 6~ O"tl.<; t.p6nc~cc;. 
3.5 Oi tCJtiictc; Oie:nacptc;: ot.a9e:pou 5iict.uou/cpopto c1qu:--c.6AAeuonc; 1tivntoll' 
f>i.1t't.uou _icai «p<>pta cicµc-c.6.AAe:uonc;; Kl. vnt.ou lhict.\lou/nopoxta unnpcoiac; 
An6 t.nv nion6vw outnt.non, boo 5iena<pt<; cµcpavi~OVt.Ql. c.><; tw'tu:tc; Vl.O "tn 
µe:.AAoV"tiKn av6nt.u~n t.wv Kivnt.c.Jv ouot.nµ6'twv: 
• n 6ie:na<pn µc"ta~u t.ou ,opt a cKµe:t.OAAeuonc; Kl. vnt.o\l' 5iic"toou Kai t.ou 
napoxta unnpcoiWV'. 
• :aca.i oi 5uo e:ivai ou:vt:>µat.a, eq>6oov oi napoxcic; unnpcoiWV' ea txouv 
ncpiopioµtvn eic::A.oyf) <poptt.N eKµe:"t.OAAe:uonc; an6 t.ouc; onoiouc; ea 
naipvouv unnpeoie:c;, :acai 01 <popcic; e::acµe:"t.61\.Ae:uonc;; avt.ipe:t.wni~ouv 
ncpiopioµtvn CKAOyO napoxtwv une>Ooµnc;/q>optc.w cKpctaA.Acuonc; 
ot.a&cpou 5i:act.uou. 
• n Kat.QlC6puq>n e:vonoinon -evw napaptvci n i6i.a opyavwon: tvac;; 
cpoptac; e:Kµc't.OA.Acuonc; ot.aee:pou 61K'tuou, tvac;; cpoptac; cicµe:t.6AAcuonc; 
lCl. vn-r.ou 5l.Kt.UOU lCOl. tv~ napoxtac; unnpe:Ol.Wv K.l vn-r.WV' Cfil.KOl. Vc.JVJ.cJJv -ea µnopo'71oc va 6100-r.pE:~A.ooe:i t.ov aV"tayc.JV10µ6 av 6cv -r.e:0oliv 
10 
C. IlPOTYDA 
C.1 o p6Aoc; "C.ou Eupwnalicou Ivo"C.J."C.oo"C.ou TnAeniicoivc.JViaicC:W Ilpo"C.Unc.JV (K~II) 
OAa "C.a nio onµav"C.l.K6 EupwnaYic6 np6"C.una o"C.nv aptva 
Eupwnalic6 "C.WV lC l. Vn'tWv 
IVO"C.l."C.O&to e:m.icoivwviW"V txouv napax0e:i an6 · "C.O 
TnAe:nl.lCOJ.VWVl.aKWv IlpO"C.Unwv (ETSI)16. 
Oi icupie:c; e:ni i:gontc; i:ou ETSI nou 
e:;onA10µ6 pa61oe:niico1vwv1c.Jv e:ivai 
0µ66a Ki.vni:W-v Em.KOl.V<.JVl.WV)' µe: 
DCS-1800 Kal. i:nv avani:u~n "tOU 
Kivni:W"V TnAe:niicoivwviW"V (UMTS), txouv oxton µe: unnpe:oie:c; Kai 
n TC-SMG (Te:xviicn Enl.T.ponfl, EJ.61.Kfl 
e:i6iKfl apµo6i6t.nt.a via t.O GSM, 'tO 
µe:AAovt.iicou navic6oµiou Euot.flµat.oc; 
n TC-RES (Te:xviicfl Enl.'tponfl, 
Pa6ioe:;onAioµ6c; icai Pa6ioouoi:nµai:a), 
"tOU e:;onAioµou Kal. "tWV OUO'tnµ6't<.JV, 
Euoi:nµa'ta ~opu~opiicW-v Eniico1vwviW"V) 
Kl.vni:tc; 6opu~opl.KC<; e:nl.KOl.V<.JVie:c;. µe: e:upe:ie:c; apµo6i6i:ni:e:c; oi:o ne:6io 
icai n TC-SCS ( Te:xv11cfl Eni 'tponn, 
nou KaAoni:e:i µe:i:a;u 6AAwv icai 
C.2 To Ilavic6oµio Euo"C.nµa Kivn'tWv TnAe:m.icoJ.Vc.JVJ.WV (UKTS) -p6"C.una via 
ouo"C.npa"C.a "C.pi"C.n<; ve:vi6c; 
H apµo6l.6'tn-t.a via 'tnv 'tUnonoinon 'tOU UMTS £xe:i 6o9e:i O"C.nv Te:XVl.lCn 
Eni i:ponn SMG ( El.61.Kn 0µ66a Kl. vni:c.Jv Enl.KOJ. VWVl.Wv) •. 
M£oa o'tnv e:ni 'tponn au-c.n £xe:i ouo'ta9e:i n unoe:ni -c.ponn SMGS via va 
µe:Ae:t.noe:i icai va opioe:i t.o UMTS oe: otiv6e:on µe: -c.ic; µe:At-c.e:c; i:ou Toµ£a 
Tunonoinonc; 'tn<; ITU via 'ta FPLMTS (Me:A.AoV"C.iK6 ~µ6oia Euo-c.nµat.a 
Kivni:W"V TnAe:nJ.KOl.VWViwv 8np6c;). 
H Koivo-c.iicfl npoon69e:ia £pe:uvac; Kai av6ni:u;nc; oe: nponvµ£ve:c; 
t.nAe:niKoivwvie:c; (i:o np6vpaµµa RACE) nai~e:i Ke:vi:p1K6 p6Ao oi:nv av6ni:u;n 
"tOU UMTS Kal. i:nv avavKaia nponapaoKe:UaO"tl.Kfl e:pvaoia via t.nv e:icn6vnon 
i:wv npoi:unwv (~A£ne: nap6pi:nµa A). 
H e:pvaoia oi:o RACE ouvi:ovi~e:'tal. oi:e:v6 µe: i:nv e:pvaoia i:unonoinonc; ot.o 
ETSI. 
5. EYXNOTHTEE 
5.1 o 9e:µe:Ait:>6nc; p6Aoc; "tc.JV ouxvo-c.n-c.wv 
16 OAe:c; 01 pa61oou0Ke:u£c; e:nJ.Kol. vwvow µe: e:Knoµnn Kai Anqm e:v£pve:iac;. H 
e:v£pve:ia aui:n e:Kn£µne:i:a1 µ£oa oi:o i:µflµa pa6ioouxvoi:ni:wv i:ou 
To ETSI, ~o EupwnalK6 Ivo~i~ou~o TnA£niKoivwviaKwv Ilpo~unwv i6pu8nK£ ~o 1988 uo~£pa an6 
~nv Ilp6oivn Bi~AO 1987 ~nc; Eni~ponnc;, via ~ic; ~nA£Ul.KOl.VWVi£c;. 
Tnv ~&Al.Kl'l eu8uvn via ~o t.pvo ~nc; ~unonoinonc; ~nv t.xei n T&XVl.Kn :tuvt.Acuon (TA) ~ou 
ETSI. Auu~ anoq>aoit£i via ~a npovp6µµa~a £pvaoiwv xai via ~nv 16puon ~wv Tcxvixwv 
Eni~poaWv (TC) Kai ~wv 0µ66wv Epvou nou npow8ouv ~nv £pvaoia ~wv npo~unwv. 
H Eni~ponn t.x£i ouv6'f&l. µia nAaioiaKn ouµ~aon pc c.o ETSI Kai ~ou avaet~ci t:~oAtc; 
~unonoinonc; o~o nAaioio ~nc; Koivo~ixnc; TnAcniKoivwviaxnc; Nopoecoiac;, i6iai~epa ~nc; 
06nyiac; 91/263/EOK oxc~iKa pe ~nv aµoi~aia avav'IWpion ~wv cyxpiocwv ~unou ~ou ~£pµa~ixou 
c~onAiopou xai ~nv Ka8itpwon ~wv anai ~oupt:vwv eupwnalxw ~nAenixoivwviaxwv npo~unwv 
CETS) xai ~wv oxe~uwv KoivWv ~cxviKwv Kavoviopwv (CTR), xai ~nc; 06nyiac; 90/387/EOK 
oxc~ixa pc ~nv uAonoinon ~nc; napoxnc; avoix~ou 6ix~uou (ONP). 
Ilap6µoioc; 6iaxavoviop6c; t.xei ouva<p8£i µe ~n CEN/CENELEC. 0 6iaxavoviqµ6c; ~6c; cni~pt.nci 
~nv Eni~ponn va avaet.~ci c~oAtc; ~unonoinonc; yia ~nv xaeitpwon Eupwnalxwv npo~0nwv ~o 
nAex~po~cxviK6 nc6io vcviK6, 6nwc; o~o ne6io ~nc; nAex~poµayvn~ixnc; oup~a~6~n~ac;. 
144 
11 nACKt.popayvnt.iKoo ,oopat.oc;. 
To noo6 t.ou cpaoµat.oc; nou civai 6ia9toiµo via t.ic; ICl.Vfl'tfc; 
pa6iocni1toivwvicc; civai ncpiopioµtvo Kai anait.ci npoocict.iKn 
6iaxcip1on. H ncpioxn n Kat.OhA.nAn via t.ic; ncpioo6t.cpcc; c,apµovtc; 
icivnt.Qv' cni1Co1vwv1W\T ~pioKe:t.ai µe::t.a~u ncpinou 100 MHz icai 3 GHz. Ta 
6pia xpl\onc; t.i0cvt.ai an6 napovovt.cc; t.nc; pa61o6166oonc; icai 6AAa t.cxviica 
icpit.npia. Kat.ao1Ccuaot.1Ktc; 6uoKoAicc; ncpiopitouv t.nv fKt.aon ot.nv onoia 
pnopo\iv va xpno1ponoin8oliv, onpcpa, 01 \J\lflA6t.cpcc; ouxv6t.nt.cc;. 
To Exnpa 84 61vci µia e:v6e:uct.J.lC:n em.01u~nnon t.nc; xpnonc; t.ou ~opat.oc; 
via t.ic; Kl.vnt.tc; &nl.lCOl.VCJ\Tie:c; Ot.nv Eupc:mn. 
· E~a µe pcA.tt.cc; nou txow yivci, ot.nv ncpioxn ic6t.cu an6 1000 MHZ ( 1 
GHZ) ot\µcpa t.o 14% ncpinou t.ou q>Ooµcnoc; pa6ioouxvot.nt.wv txci 
JCataxwpn&ci oc 6np6oicc; unnpcoit:c; Kl. vnt.c.N cm.1to1 vwvi6w. E\)p(p6.7\Ta µc t.ic; 
anoci>Oocic; nou n6p8nKav ot.nv WARC 92 (~Atnc m.01t6t.cu), ouoiaot.iicoi 
np6o9ct.oi n6poi ouxvot.nt.wv ea tca"taxc.JPn8o\lv o'tnv ncpioxn 1 GHz we; 3 GHz 
vi.a unnpcoicc; Kivnt.'1v cm.Koivwv:i~ t.600 cnivciac; 6oo 1ta1 6opu,op:iICn<; 
~6onc;. AlTt6 acpop6 icupic.cx; cniycia '!'Il<Pl.CllCa 1tivnt.6 ouoi:flµat.a nou ea civai 
6iaetoi.pa Ot.O aµcoo µfllov lCQl. t.a onoia e:ivai KAci6i via t.n pcAAOVt.l.lCn 
ovant.u~n ~aol.KWv t.cxvoAoyi~ (OCS-1800, DECT, TFTS, ~Afnt: Oap6pt.nµa A 
via napantpa A.cnt.oµtpeicc;) I Ka0Wc; eniom;. lCQl. pa61oouxv6t.nt.cc; via t.O 
UMTS. Et.o ncl>io t.wv 6opuqmpiicw Kl. vn"tc.lv e::nitcol. Vc.JVl.C:W, aut6 acpop6 t.ic; 
µcll0Vt.1tctc; unnpcoie::c; npoocum.K<.Jv e::nuoi vwv1c;,v 6opUfPop11Cnc; ~aonc;, 
oupncpi.Aaµ~avoµtvwv t.GAN ouot.np6"twv ~opuq>6pwv XaµnAnc; rni vnc; Tpoxiac; 
(LEO). 
E"tnv EupWrln, fxouv uio0ct.n6e:i O!myie:<; t.ou :Euµ13ouAiou oxct.iic:a1.uc t.ouc; 
Ka8op1o·µot)c; ouxvot.l'\t.CAW via t.a ~aoi.ica navcupcunaiica ouot.npat.a ; : GSM, 
DBCT lCOl. ERMES • 
o&nyic 'tOU l:uµ~ouAiou -enc; 25nc; Iouviou 1987 oxeu.x6 llE 'tl.c; twee; auxvouhwv nou ea 
61cttc8o@v v1a 'tn auvtovioptvn &y11tcn:6o"taan navevp.malxt:>v yn91axw xuycM!nwv 6np6oi.wv 
cniye1wv 1:1vn-cwv en1.1:01vwviwv atnv Koi.v6'tn-ca (87/372/EOK, OJ Ll96/85, 17. 7. 87) -o 
1ta8op:i.op6c; OUXVO"tft'tc.>V V'l.O 'tO oll'a'tfi):ld GSM. 
e>anvia 'tOu Jh111~u>.iou ,;nc; 9nc; onw,piou 1990 oxti:u4 pc i:i.c; tWYcc; ouxvoi:6'tc.>V nou 
opito'1't.c:tl. via i:n ovnovioµtvn cy11to"t60"Eaon 'tou naveuJ)Ca)nalito\) cnivei.ou &np601ou ouatnpatoc; 
pa61o'tnA£U.6orto1.nonc; <ttnv Koi.v6i:n'to f 90/544/EOK, OJ L310/28, 9. 11. 90) -o xa9opiap6c; 
0\1ltVO't6'tWV yia 'tO O\)d'tnpo £RMES. 
C>anyia 'tOU lup~ouAiou 'ti\<; Jnc; Iouviou 1991 OXE'tl.ltd pc 'trl twvn OVXVO'tD'tWV DOU nptnu. VO 
op1cn.•i vi.a 'tn ou~ovi.0114vn •v~ot.6dt.acn 1ftl9:1G11t~ cup.maixC:W CIOUppcnwv -cnAen1xo1vwv1wv 
(DEC!) ai:nv J<o1v6t.trta ( 91/287 /&oK; OJ L1:44/45, 8. 6. 1991 ). 
t• 
Figure B4: APERc;tJ GtNiRAL DEL 'trrILISATION DU SPECTRE PAR DIFFiREN'rs 
SERVICES MOBILES CIVILS TERRESTRES EN EUROPE 
Les 6quipcments mobiles en Europe se situent g6n6ralemcnt (mais non exclusivcment) dam les bandes de 
frCquences indiqu6es ci-aprCs. A noter que ces systCmes utilisent seulemcnt ccrtaiDes parties (sous­
bandcs) a l'intCrieur des limites indiquCes et que ces sous-bandes peuvent di1f'6rer d'un pays i l'autre,. 
rexception des bandes harmonis6es indiqu6cs ci-dessous. Pour des indications plus dcf:tam6es, se r6f6rer 
mx plans nationaux de !Rquences. 
Bandes de Frtguences Systmties 
1,7. 88 MHz CTI, Paging, PMR, MOBITEX 
138 -174 MHz premiers PLMN'sl, RC2000, PMR, 3RP 
(MPT 1327), ERMES, Radiomessagerie2 , 
MOBITEX 
330-400MHz TETRA3 
4'20-470MHz RC2000, NMT4SO, S~ C, R1MS, PMR, 
Radiomessagerie 
562-960MHz TACS, ET ACS, NMT 900, GSM, DSRR, 
CT2,PMR 
1670 • 1900 MHz TFrS4, DCS 18001, DECT 
1S85 • 2200 MHz FPLMTSIUMTS(note 1.4) 
Si95 -S8lS MHz RTI 
63 -64 GHz RTI 
?6-77 GHz RTI 
l 
2 
3 
4 pour le GSM 890-915 MHz et 935-960 MHz (905-914 MHz et 950-959 MHz scront les sous­
bandes initiales en vertu de la directive du Conscil 87/37'l/EEC; 
pour DECT 1880-1900 MHz en Vertu de la Directive du Conseil 91/287 /EEC; 
pour ERMES 169,4-169,8 MHz en vertu de la Directive du Conseil 90/S44/EEC; 
pour TFTS 1670-1675 MHz et 1800-1805 MHz confonnCment a la decision de l'ERC; 
pour DSRR 888-890 MHz et 933-935 MHz conformement a la decision de l'ERC; 
PQur RTI 5.195-5.805 GHz, 5.805-5.815 GHz, 63-64 GHz et 76-77 GHz confonnement a la 
decision de l'ERC; · , 
Recommendations de la CEPT-ERC (foumissant des indications non obligatoin:s), notamment: 
Pour TETRA, un total allant de 2 x 3 MHz a 2 x s MHz dans la bande 380-400 MHz devrait 
atre rendu disponible confonn6ment a la recommandation ERC TIR 02-02. 
DCS 1800 devrait !tre rendu disponible en vertu de la rec::ommandation approuWe en octobrc 
1993 (numero de ref'6rence non disponible a la date d'impression). 
la plupart d'entre CUX sont dCj8 cWsactives OU sei'ont ~Ws i court tame 
principalement POCSAG 
pas encore app~ et/ou planifi6 
attribution par l'UIT/CAMR.92 
5. 2 0 p6.Aot; 'tnt; DC lCQl. 'tOU DO 
18 
19 0 vtoc; p6Aoc; t.n<; EUP<.JfIOlKn<; Enit.ponnc; Pa61ocnl.1COl.Vc.JViC:W (ERC) t.nc; CEPT 
lC<ll, n 6nµ1oupyia t.ou Eupc.l[laIKou rpacpciou Pa6i.ocm.Koivc.JViC:W (ERO) 
avr.inpo0<..lll£U£l. 'tilV icupi6t.e::pn avap6pcpc..>an 'tOU OUVtOVl.Opou t.t.JV 
pa61oouxvot.n'twv O'tnv Eupc;xin. 
Eupcp<.Na µc 'tov v£o t.n<; p6A.o n Eupwnaiicfl Eni t.ponn Pa6ioe:ni1toi vwvic.Jv 
OVatl'tUOO£l. noAl.'tl.lCC<; pa61ocn11CoivwviC:,V, npo£'tOl.µ6te:1 Vl.O t.l.<; 
lk1aoic£ye:1c; 'tnc; ITU ic:ai nai~e::i ve:viic6 oUVtov1o't1K6 p6J\.o oe: tnt.nµat.a 
ouxvo'tflt.wv, lC.avoviot.iK6 tnt.nµat.a icai 'te:xvi1t6 tn"tnµa'ta O'to nl\.aioio t.nc; 
Eupc.nalKflc; Al.Oo1C£'!'Il<; Taxu6poµe:1wv lCQl. TnA£nl.1COl.VWVl.C:W (CEPT). 
Ka01c¢vc1 ouvetuce:c; np6o13aonc; oe: ouxv6t.n'tcc;, ic:a"t6niv 61~ouAcuoe:wv µc 
'touc; <pope:ic; e:Kµe:t.6A.Acuonc;, t.ouc; xpno'te:c;, t.ouc; 1tat.a0Ke:uaot.£c;, t.ouc; 
opyaviopouc; t.unonoinonc; tcai QA.Ao cv6iapcp6µe:va µtpn, oc ot.cvn 
ouvcpyaoia µe: 'tnv Em.'tponfl. 
tuv6e:6cµ£vo µc 'tilV ERC t.o EupwnallC6 r"pape::io Pa61ocn1ic:oJ.VWVl.C:W (ERO) 
e:ivai tva ic:tVt.po e:µne:ipoyvwoiac; Kai e:ve:pye:i CAX; £O"tl.01C6 onµe:io t.<.JV 
!>ia~OUAE:OOCWV yia T.OV npoypaµµaT.ioµ6 Kal. T.Il 6iaxe:ip1on T.OU <p6oµaT.o<;. 
To ERO 6pxioe:: va 6ie::;6ye::i. Ae:m.oµe:pe:i<; Epe:uve::c; ~oµaT.oc; (DSI) vi.a t.n 
xpnon T.ou p00io<p6oµaT.o<; oT.nv EupWlln. EuvoA.i1t6<; avT.1ice::1µe:v1K6<; oKon6c; 
e::iv01. n unooT.npi;n T.nc; av6nT.u~n<; e::v6<; ic:oivou EupwnaIKou nivaica 
KaT.axWp-nonc; E.uxvoT.nT.wv nou np6ice::it.ai va oA.oicAnpw0e::i µtxpi t.o 2008. 
H npcJt.n ~on (m:pioxfl 3400 MHz we; 105 GHz) m:pat.W0mc:e:: t.o M6p·uo 1993. 
H acut.cpn ~. nou KaAUnT.£1. T.nv ne:pioxn 29.7 MHz CAX; 960 MHz, ~e:Kivnoc 
T.o MOpt.io 1993 icai np6ice:it.ai va ne::paT.<.t.>0£1 µtxpi t.ov Iavouapio 1995. 
Kat.6 T.nv 6ie::;avwvn aU"tn<; T.n<; e::pvaoiac;, 'to ERO 6£xT.nicc 13onee::ia an6 t.nv 
EuPCtJI10X.ic:n TnAe:niicoivwviOKn ic:ai Enavve:Aµau.:acn HAe::act.pov11tf1 Biopnxavia 
(ECTEL). TWpci un6pxe:i e::nionc; ou:vn ouvcpyaoia µe:t.a~u ERC/ERO Kai ETSI, 
i61ai"r.e::pa oe: 6, T.i a<pop6 T.i<; av6vic:e:c; ana<puyfl<; npo~Anµ6T.CJV nape:µ~oMc; 
OUXVO"tflt.WV yia t.OV pa61.0£nl.KOl.VWVl.01C6 £~OnAl.Op6. 
Eiv01. un6 nponapaoKe:un tva Mvnµ6vio EullCP<JViac; µst.a~u "tn<; ERC Kai t.n<; 
Enit.ponn~ ic01. µia n.Aa1oi01Cn oUµ~aon, nap6µoia npootyyion µe: e:Ke:ivn nou 
e::ne:Afyn via t.n ouve:pyaoia t.nc; EniT.ponn~ µe: t.o ETSI. H ERC npot.i9e:t.ai 
va e:Vt.ax9e::i oc Mvnµ6via Eu11q><.JVia<; µc T.nv Eup<.JflaI:acn zc:wn EAe:u9cp<tJV 
EuvaAAavt:Jv (EZE.E), ica9W<; e:nionc; lCQl. µe: 'tO ETSI. 
To 1992 n ERC 6nµioupvnoe: £va ic:aivoupvio 6pvavo vi.a t.o oUV"tovioµ6 t.WV 
pa6i.oouxvo"tfrt.wv ic:ai t.nv napoxn e:vapµovi.oµtvwv twvC:W ouxvot.nt.wv, t.l.<; 
Ae:y6µe:ve:<; "An0<p6oei<; ERC". H 06nv1a t.OU E~OUAiou 92/C318/01 anal. u:i 
oi Anoq>6oe:ic; ERC va xpnoiµonoioUv"tai CAX; n npc..>t.e:uouoa µ£806~'& via t.o 
µe:A.Aovt.1K6 ouvt.ovioµ6 t.wv pa6ioouxvo"tn"twv o"tnv Eupc;nn • ET.nv 
Av01Coivwot1 T.n<; t.nc; lOm; ~e:m.e:µf3piou 1993, n EnH.ponfl £9e:oe: t.ouc; 
avayKaiouc; 6pouc; via va ~~ao<pa.hioe:i T.nv npoot.aoia "tc.JV ouµ~e:p6Vt.CJV t.nc; 
Evwonc; o• aut.6 t.o nl\.aioio (~l\tne: nap6pt.nµa A). 
An6 "tO 1992, n ERC txe:i Ul.00e:t.noe:l. t.l.<; AnO<p6oe:ic; ERC nou apopo\Jv T.OV 
Ka6opioµ6 pa61.00UXVOT.Ilt.CJV via t.O Eniye:io Euot.nµa TnAe::<p<JViac; CV Ilt.floe::i 
-.iopa 'tOU Zup.j!ouAiou i:nc; 19nc; Nocp~piou 1992 via 'tnV c.,appoyn otnv ltOl.V6'tn'ta 'tWV 
~~v i:nc; Eupwnal~n~ Enii:pouti~ Pa61ocn1~01vwv1c:>v(92/C318/0l,OJ C318/l,04. 12.92) 
:Slin£ •Mia vita n~vv1on at.o ouvtov10116 i:.wv pa61oovxvo't.:'1't.WV at.nv Koi.v6'tn'ta", Avcu:oivwon 
cm6 'UlV Elll.'tporm DOU apop6 Up6't.aon Vl.Q An69aon 't.OV %up.JouAiou Vl.O 'tnV C4p0ppoyn an6 't.Q 
!Cpnn-Hth p~'t.po>V OX£'tl.lt6 pc 'tl.~ p001.00VXVO'tn't£<;, COM(93)382, 10. 9. 93. Bline XQl. 
%upnep6op<rta ~ou ~up~uAiou 'tn~ 7nc; AcKcpj!p!ou 1993. 
147 
(TFTS), via T.nv Tn.he:I1Anpocpopu:n 06u:C:W Me:T.acpo_pWv (RTT) 20 icai T.ic; 
'l'n<piaic:.tc; Pa6ioe:niicoivwvie:c; Miicpnc; Eµpt.he:iac; (DSRR). 
5. 3 McAAOvt.l.Kt<; 1CaT.axwpnO£l.<; OUXVOT.IlT.c.JV VJ.a Kl. vm:t<; 
COl.1COl.Vc.JVi£<; £niyciac; paonc; 1Cal. VJ.a Kl.VDT.£<; 
co11to1vc.wicc; 6opuq>op11tnc; paonc; Ital. 
Ital. opoaf.Jl111t t c; 
OpOOf.>lll. lC f <; 
20 Eva 1CUpl.O tpvo T.n<; Ilavic6oµiac; Aiol.KnT.l.ICO<; Al.601C£'!10<; Pa6l.0£0l.1COl.VWViC:W 
T.nc; ITU nou opavµaT.onoin0nice: T.o 1992 oT.nv 06.hn Torremolinoa (WARC 92) 
£Op61C£l.T.O VO £0£1CT.£iV£l. T.i<; lCQT.OXwpnµfV£<; tc.Ne:c; Vl.O T.l.<; lCl.VDT.C<; 
unnpe:oie:c; ouµm:pi.haµpavoµtvwv icai T.WV f>opucpopiicc.N Kl.vnT.C:W unnpe:oic.N. 
To Exnµa BS 6e:ixve:i T.i<; icaT.axwpnoe:ic; ouxvoT.nT.wv nou tvivav oT.nv WARC 
92 1ta1 acpopouv T.nv ne:pioxn T.WV icivnT.c;,v coiicoivwvic.N. 
Baoit6µcvn oe: µia oe:ipa oxe:6iaoT.i1tC:W napa6ox<N icai e:icT.iµnoe:wv 
6ie:io6uonc; icai icivnonc; via nuicvn xpnon oe: µe:v6Ae:c; n6.he:ic;, n CCIR 
uno.h6vioe: npiv an6 T.nv WARC '92 6T.l. T.o UMTS/FPLMTS ea xpe:iat6T.av cp6oµa 
ne:pinou 227 MHz. ET.nv WARC '92 ica0opioT.n1te: via navic6oµia xpnon 
ouvol\.iic6 cp6oµa 230 MHz µe:T.a~u 1885 1tai 2200 MHz, T.e:.hiic6 oT.nv u.honoinon 
T.OU FPLMTS. 
Mtoa o' QUT.6 T.O cp6oµa, T.Q 2 x 30 MHz ica0opioT.nKaV via T.l.<; 6opucpopiictc; 
Kl.vnT.tc; unnpe:oie:c;. H icaT.axc.Jpnon auT.n, 6µc..x;, np6ice:i T.al. va apxioei va 
e:cpapµ6te:T.al. o'tnv Ile:picptpeia 1 ( ouµne:piAaµpavoµtvnc; T.nc; EupQ11nc;) µ6vo 
an6 T.o tT.oc; 2005. ET.1c; Hvwµtvcc; noA1T.eicc; T.nc; Aµe:piicnc;, ea Ac1T.oupvci 
flf>n an6 T.O 1996 ical. µe:T.6. 
Oi icavovioµoi nou ica0ief)W0mmv ot.nv WARC '92 e:oi T.ptnouv oe: QAAa 
ouot.nµat.a icai unnpe:oie:c; va µoip6~0VT.a1 t.i<; ~C:We:<; T.ou FPLMTS icai 6e:v 
ncpl.J\.aµp6vouv o6nVi£<; OX£T.ilC6 µe; T.i<; npoT.e:pai6T.nT.£<; via T.a 6opU<pOpl.1CQ 
fl £nivcia OT.Ol.X&ia OT.i<; ~C:We:c; £0ClCT.OOn<;. 
Enionc;, £vive tvac; api8µ6c; µiicp6T.e:pwv icaT.axwpnoe:wv oT.i<; MSS (Kivnt.tc; 
Aopucpopiictc; Ynnpe:oie:c;) oe: ouxv6T.nT.e:c; yUpw oT.a 2,500 MHz icai 1626 MHz, 
yUpw o"C.a 400 MHz Kai vupw o't.a 140 MHz, ouyice:VT.¢\foVT.ac; tva ouvoAii<:6 
6opucpopiic6 ~wvii<:6 e:upoc; 2 x 66 MHz ne:pinou. n6vT.wc;, n A16oice'i10 antT.uxe: 
va icaµe:i onoia6nno'te: e:i6iicn np6pAe:l!1D via t.ic; ccpapµovtc; "C.WV ouv6e:'tiicc.N 
te:u~e::wv o' aut.£<; 't.ic; 6opucpopu£c; tc.Ne:c;, ve:v11t6 J...6vw 't.n<; napa6oxnc; 6"t.i 
01 aut.tc; µe:T.a<ptpoVT.ai an6 'tn E'ta0e:pn Aopucpopiicn Ynnpe:oia. Ev6£xe:T.ai va 
6nµioupvn0oUv npopAnµat.a av 6e:v vive:i ic6noia npooo60e:ia va 
npoo61op1ot.0Uv tc.Ne:c;, tc.Ne:c; e:ntic"taonc; icai 6e:v J\.ncp0oUv icaT.6.hAn.ha µtT.pa 
nou va e:ni"tptnouv µe:pioµ6 T.WV ouv6e:t.iicc.N ~cu~e:wv. 
AV'tt~ oi 6uo Anocp6o£i~ ERC txouv aV'tixa~ao~no£i ~i~ apxixt~ npo~6o£i~ ~n~ Eni~ponn~ via 
06nV1£~ ~ou Eup~ouAiou nou ea xae6pitav ouxv6~n~£~ vi' a\T't6 ~o oUo~npa. 
1-48 
Figure BS: Attributions supplementairea de frequences relatives aux 
communications mobiles a la suite de la CAMR92 
Mobiles terrestres 
(not. FLMTS). ·-· Mondial 1885-2025 MHz; 2110-2200 MHz. 
Mobiles par satellites2 Mondial 1626.5-1660.S MHz (u); 1525-1559 MHz 
(d); 
Satellites a orbite 
terrestre basse 
Communications 
Aeronautiques Region 23 
Mondial 
Mon dial 
Region 2• 
Mondi al 
Mondial3 
Mondial3 
Mondial 
Mondi al 
Canada/USA 1930-1970 MHz (u); 2120-2160 MHz (d); 
1980-2010 MHz (u); 2170-2200 MHz (d); 
2670-2690 MHz (u); 2500-2520 MHz ( d). 
167S-1710 MHz (u); 1492-1525 MHz (d); 
1610-1626.5 MHz (u); 2483.5-2500 MHz · 
d); 
1614-1627 MHz (bidirectionnel) 
148-150 MHz (u); 137-138 MHz (d); · 
400-401 MHz (d) 
1670-1675 MHz (u); 1800-1805 MHz (d); 
& 1670-1675 MHz (u); 1800-1805 MHz (d) 
Mexique 849-851MHz(u);894-896 (d); _,w;a I 
Source:CE 
Pour des l8iaons de Nglc:mentation des radiocommunicatoos, rurr cliviae le maade ca trois regions. La 
MaiOll I comprend l'Emope, rAfrique, l'ancienne URSS et la Mooaolie, la Rep.a 2 lcs Amaiques, et la 
Region 3, 1c rate de rAsie et~. 
Les auributioas vont par pain:s. avec une liaison maotante (u) pour lcs 1nmo>issim de la Tern: au satellite et 
w liaison cfesttndaote (d) dans le sens inverse. 
Tout on partie de cos bwtea de fr6que:nces sont attribu6es IUI' une bue MCODdaire. 
~ Aaributioo auppWmentaire. 
-·-~--~-
5.t e:AAov'tiica 9tpa'ta ouv'tovioµou o'tnv EupWl1n 
Ae:~oµtvwv 'twv anot.e:Ae:op6t.W'V r.nc; WARC '92 unapxouv icupie:c; 
npo'te:pa16'tnt.e:<; V1a 't.O 0\1Vt.OV10p6 't.WV pa~100UXVOt.flt.WV yia t.1<; Kl.vnt.£<; 
e:niicoivwvie:c; ot.nv Euf)Wnn. ria va, e:~aa<p<lAiot.e:i 6t.i ot.ic; Eupwnalictc; 
pa~ioe:niicoivwvie:c; oi AioiKnoe:ic;, oi napoxe:ic; unnpe:oiC:,V, oi ~ope:ic; 
e:icpe:t.6A.Ae:uonc;, n ~ioµnxavia, oi ~ope:ic; pa~iot.nAE:ont.iicC:,V e:icnoµnC:,V icai 
oi 6A.Aoi xpnot.e:c; ea £xouv r.o µcviot.o 6~e:Aoc; an6.t.o ~aoµa, oi ano~aoe:ic; 
nou n6p0nicav or.n WARC'92 np£ne:i va UAOnoin0oilv nAflpc.x; µe: o~ovioµtvo 
t.p6no oe: 6An t.nv Eupwnalicn Evwon. 
r'ia OUOt.nµat.a nou npoopi~OVt.ai yia t.O e:upu tcoiv6, ape:on npot.e:pai6t.nt.a 
0a nptnci va civai n Anliffi ~e:oµe:ut.l.KWv Ano~6oe:wv ERC via 'tO o~ov10µ6 
ouxvot.flt.wv oe: EupwnalK6 e:nine:~o via t.ic; ~C:,Ve:c; ouxvo'tnt.wv nou 
ica0opiot.mcav ot.nv WARC' 92 via µe:llovt.iicn xpnon an6 ouot.nµat.a icivnt.c.Jv 
e:niicoivwviW'V e:nive:iac; teal. 6opu~opl.Knc; ~6onc;. I6iait.e:pa, ea nptne:i va 
ne:piAaµ~ave:t.ai 0 icaeopioµ6c; x:oivc.Jv ~WVcJv via t.ic; unnpe:oie:c; DCS-1800, 
via t.O µe:llovt.iK6 UMTS Ka8Wc; e:nionc; icai ~wvc.Jv ouxvot.nt.wv via t.a 
ouo~nµat.a npoowniicW'V e:niicoivwvic.Jv ~opu~opiicnc; ~aonc;. 
ria ouot.nµat.a nou npoopitovt.al. via i6iwt.l.Kn xpnon n via xpnon KA&l.Ot.Wv 
an6 tcAe:ior.£c; oµ66e:c;; xpnot.wv 6µe:on npot.e:pai6"t'nr.a ea np£ne:i va e:ivai µia 
an6~aon via r.ov 1<a8opioµ6 twvwv ouxvor.nr.wv, icai n oupcpwvia µiac; 
xpovoicAiµax:ac;; via r.n 6i6ee:on r.ouc;; via ouor.nµar.a nou Ae:ir.oupvoilv 
oilpcpwva µe: r.ic;; TETRA, t.o Eupwnalic6 np6t.uno lJ!ll~iaicC:,V te:ux:t.iiconoinµ£vwv 
e:niicoi vwviC:.W. 
O ava~aoµ6c;; t.ou ~6oµar.oc;; Kai r.wv xpfloe:C:,V r.ou e:ivai ~flt.nµa nou ea 
e:~ax:oAou9floe:i va anai t.e:i npooe:ict.iic£c; icai ouvt.ovioµtve:c; e:vtpve:ie:c;. ea 
e:ivai onpaVLiic6 va Aaµ~6vovr.ai ouvr.ovioµ£ve:c;· 9£ozfc; ou.c; µe:lloVt.iic£c; 
nayic6oµie:c; Aiaoic£qre:ic; Pa6ioe:niicoi vwvic.Jv (WRC) oe: 6, t.i apopa 
µe:lloVLiictc; icat.axwpfloe:ic; ouxvot.nt.wv. 
6. API9MOAOTHEH 
6.1 1 vte:c; anait.floe:ic; y~a api0µo66r.non 
21 H xwpnt.iic6t.nt.a api8µo66t.nonc; e:ivai ncne:paoµtvoc; icai ~uvnt.iic6 e:v 
ave:napice:ia n6poc;. · Enoµ£vwc;, icat.6 t.nv av6nt.u~n µe:lloVt.iicflc; noAi t.iicflc; 
via t.l.<; 1Cl.Vnt.£c; Kal. npooc..>nl.KC<;; e:niicoivwvie:c; ot.nv EupWrin, e:ivai av6vicn 
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oxe:61wv api9µo66t.nonc;;, t.600 oe: 6ie:Svtc; 600 icai oe: e:8viic6 e:nine:6o. 
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va aVLiµe:t.wnioouv t.pia ve:v11<6 8£µar.a via va e:~ao~<lAiot.e:i: 
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6Aouc; r.ouc;; ~ope:ic;; e:Kµe:r.6lle:uonc;;, Kai 16iait.e:pa, 6t.i un6pxouv 
6iicaioi 61aicavovioµoi e:Kxc.Jpnonc;;. 
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6, q. aq>op6 t.nv api.Sµo66tnon e:ivai: 
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icat.6AAn/\n T.e:/\oxf)toon 
n .J.Kav6t.n'ta e:n£ici:aonc; T.WV cxx"4)flOe:<JV. 
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nou npoKoAOU'vt.ai an6 t.nv ap1.0po66t.non •. 
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cv6tx:e:tal. va e:tn.eupollv va £xow api.0µouc; ave:~6pt.nt.ouc; an6 t.ov napoxta 
t.OU ~hKt.UOU; t.O c16oc; unnpe:oiac;, 'th eton leal. t.OV t.cppau.K6 C~OnAl.Op6. 
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'rtt.Ol.Gl. npoowrukoi apieµoi 6e:v ea nepiopi~ov'tav ot.o ne5io 't·c.w ic:ivnt.<N 
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t.l.~ K1Vnt£<; KQl. ao\Jpµau;c; Uimpe:oie:<; Kai t.O O'ta9e:p6 5iJCt.l:TO (6n/\a6n t.O 
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api9pow iAnon~ txt.att.n~ av6yxnc; (91/396/EOK, OJ L217/Jl, 6.8. 91) 
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e:nl."tptvouv, i.5iai't.e:pa via avan"tu;n, 't.OV e:ioavCJ.J'{fl vtac; 't.£XVOAoviac; Kai 
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"tn 5ie:u0ti:non e:ivai n e:Kxc.Jpnon api0µo66~nonc;; via 't.OV Inmaraat 6nou n 
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'ifllcpioµaT.Q nou a<pOpoUv t.l.~ t.nA£nJ.KOl.VWViC~ Kai t.0 0tpa OVT.l.P,C'twni~Ct.Ql. 
cnionc; KOl. ot.o nAaioio i:ou OOEA. 
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t.c.w npoownitcWv ot.oixciwv :acai t.ou anoppni:ou oe: oxton µc t.1~ e:16l.lct~ 
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Wftcpiopa yia ~n Euo~aon ~OU ~up~ouAiou 86/659/EOX, OJ No C 7, 12 lavouapiou 1987, o. 334 
COMC90)314 ·uAun, 13. 9. 90 
OJ No C 277, S.lt.90, o. 12 
153 
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cv£pve:iac;. Oi ot.60µe:c; ioxuoc; e:Knoµnnc; µnopoUv va noic:iAAouv an6 µe:piic:6 
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oi:nv ncpini:won i:ou e:~onAioµou pavi:6p. 01 misnA£c; oi:60µe:c; ioxuoc; µnopci 
Va 6npl.OUpVnOOUV iciv6UvOU<; via T.nV uycia lCQl. Ol. ne:pioo6t.e:pcc; 
f3ioµnxavonoinp£ve:c; xc.Jpe:c; £xouv K6noiouc; icav6ve:c; oxe:~iica pc i:a 6nµ601a 
icai/n ~a e:nayye:Apai:iic6 6pia £ic0e:onc;. Ei:ic; ne:pioo6i:e:pe:c; ncpin~c.Joe:ic; ~a 
~uoiica p£oa, 6nwc; e:ivai Ol. ~paxt.e:c;, KPal:OUv T.OU<; av0~ouc; paicpia an6 
e:niiciv5uve:c; ne:pioxtc;. 
Auo Kupia e:i5n e:ni5p6oe:wv 
nAe:KT.popayvnt.l.Kn aKt.l.VO~OAia 
e:m. ~paoe:ic;. ano5i5o~ai oi:nv 
Ol. 8e:ppiK£<; lCOl. £ic:8e:on oi:nv 
oi a0e:ppu:£c; 
Ee: 6, i:i a~op6 i:ic; 0e:ppu:£c;: e:ni6p6oe:ic;, £vac; api8p6'<; opvavioµc.Jv £xe:i 
npoona0noe:i va a~l.OAoynoe:l. t.ouc; 1Cl.V6Uvouc; via T.nv uye:ia an6 t.nv £ic8e:on 
oe: pn iovi:i~ouoa 01Ct.ivof30Aia. Ee: 6i.c0v£c; cnine:6o pi.a avaoic6nnon nou 
£vive: an6 i:n Aicevn Enii:ponn Mn Io~i~ouoac; AKi:ivof3oAiac; i:ou Aie:evouc; 
Euv6£opou npooi:aoiac; an6 i:nv Anivof3oAia (IRPA/IHIRC) o6nvnoc oi:n 
6npOOi£UOn, T.O 1998, T.WV 1Cat.£U0UV~npiwv 06nVl.C:W VI.a l:a 6pl.a ElC0£0n<; 0€ 
pa6ioouxv6i:nt.cc;. 
Ee c9viicn KAipaic:a cxouv 6nµioupyn9ci 5i6~opa e:0viic:6 np6t.una (6nwc; t.a 
np6t.una t.OU E9Vl.KOU :Eup~OUAiou Pa5l.OAOV1.1C:nc; Ilpoot.aoiac; O"tO Hvc..>pcvo 
BaoiAe:i.o, t.o VOE 0848 ot.n re:ppavia icai t.a np6tuna ANSI oi:ic; HnA) • 
'Yn6pxci 6pwc; pi.a oxe:t.l.K6 µe:y6An ncpioxn np6i:unwv "tipc.Jv nou 
i:e:icpnpi<Jvov"tal. 01 aut.6 i:a np6t.una ic:ai onpa~iic:cc; 6ia~op£c; oi:ic; 
napap£t.pouc; p£i:pnonc; icai e:~apµovnc;. EninA£ov, noAAa an6 "ta ano6e:iict.iic6 
o"toixe:ia oi:a onoia £xouv ~aoio"te:i aU"t.6 t.a np6"tuna 6e:v e:ivai 
oi:ai:ioi:iicWc; ncioi:iic6 icai µe:piic£~ an6 i:ic; nio paicponp60e:opcc; e:ni.6paocic; 
6e:v £xouv icaA6 cpcuvn8e:i. 
Et.nv ncpini:won i:wv a8e:pµiic:<Jv cni.6p6oe:wv, oi:o f3a0µ6 nou c~e:T.a~o~ai 01 
6uvai:£c; e:ni~Aa~e:ic; e:n16p6oe:ic; i:nc; xpnonc; icivni:c.Jv i:e:ppa"tiic<Jv, i:a 
ncipapa"tl.1C6 ano6e:iici:iic:6 oi:oixe:ia nou £xouv ouyic:e:~pw0ci µ£xpi "tc.Jpa 6cv 
6cixvouv 6"ti n ot.68pn t.nc; aKt.ivo~oAiac; ea µnopouoe: va e:ivai cni{3Aa~nc; 
ot.nv uye:ia, aAA6 an6 i:nv OAAn nAe:up6 6e:v. ano6ciic:v6ouv ne:ioi:iic:6 6t.i 6e:v 
e:ival.. Ilap' 6Aa aut.6 onpe:pa e:ival. ye:Vl.KO ano5e:ic:t.6 6t.l. 01. KiV5UVOl. yia 
i:nv uycia nou oxe:t.i~ovi:ai µe: i:nv ic:avoviic:n xpnon icivn"tou i:e:ppai:iic:ou 
e:~onAioµou ~aive:i:ai 6t.i e:ivai xapnAoi. Ene:i6n, 6pwc;, un6pxe:i 
ouoiao"ti.ic:n 6np6oia avnouxfa e:ivai e:m:ivouoa av6vic:n n Koiv6t.nt.a va 
ouve:xioci va napaic:oAou8e:i i:nv ic:at.6ot.aon Kai va unoo~npi~e:i t.nv £pe:uva 
via i:nv napavwvn np6o9e:t.wv ot.oixe:iwv. 
Evac; cni.~£ov nap6yovi:ac;: £ivai 6t.i n pay6aia 6v8non T.WV icivnt.W'v 
e:niicol.VWVl.WV CX£l. o6nynoe:l. oe: au;non t.nc; e:p~avionc; "tnc; 
nAe:ic:"tpoµayvni:iicnc; nape:µ~oAnc;:. Aut.6 t.o np6~Anpa £xe:i n6n ~gpe:"twniot.e:i 
O"tnV 06nvia 89/336 via t.nv nAe:Kt.popayvrt.l.Kn oup~aT.6T.nt.a • Opwc;, n 
e:~QnAwon nA£KT.pOVl.KWv 6l.at.6~e:wv OT.a o6l.K6 OXnpat.a (6nwc; T.a 
avi:iic:Ae:i&Ji:iic6 ouot.npat.a n£6nonc;: (ABS), n xpnon icivnt.<Jv ouo"tnpai:wv icai. 
xe:i.poouoice:u<Jv noAu icovt.6 oi:a nAe:ict.poviic6 t.wv oxnµ6t.wv, n KaAOOl.OlCn 
06nyia ~ou tU}l~ouAiou ~nc;: 3nc;: Marou 1989 via ~nv npootvv1on ~wv vopo8co1wv ~wv Kpa~wv 
McAWv oxc~1x6 pc ~nv nAcx~popavvn~ixn oup~a~6~n~a (89/336/EOK. OJ L363/30, 13.12.89 6nwc;: 
~ponono168nxc an6 ~nv 06nyia ~ou tup~ouAiou 92/31/EOK ~nc;: 28nc;: Anp1Aiou 1993, OJ 
L126/ll, 12. 5. 93). 
154 
t.nAe6paon, n 16.ia µia ~ioµnxavia avant.u;nc; Ot.Q Kp6t.n-Mt.An, n t.Q 
01Cootx>nSnt.1K6 µtoo icai oi ~nµat.o66t.ec; t.nc; Kap616c;, anait.o'llv npooeKt.iicn 
npaKt.iKfl via 'tnv napaicoAol18non t.nc; anot.e:Aeoµat..iK6t.nt.ac; Kai 
e:9apµoo1µ6t.nt.ac; t.wv unapx6vt.wv µ£t.pwv t.nc; EupwnaIKnc; Koiv6t.nt.ac;. 
E~OKoAou9oU'V va eivai anioAoynµtvoi oi µnxavioµoi evtoAo66t.nonc; t.nc; 
CEN-CENELEC yia t.nv ica0i£pwon icat.OAAnAwv Eupc,Jrialicc.N npot.unwv yia t.n 
~e:At.iwon t.nc; onµepivnc; npoot.aoiac;. 
8.2 To 9tpa t.nc; np6opaonc; oc Ka'tOAA.nAec; 'tono8eoiec; Kai nep1~aAAovi:1Ktc; 
an6'f&ic; 
OA.a 'ta ouot.flµat.a K.l vn'tc.N cni.Kol. vwvit:Jv eupei~ ncpioxnc; anai t.o'llv 
c~c.>'tcp1K6 e:vacat.aot.nµtve:c; Ke:paie:c; oe: u:vtpiictc; 'tonoee:oiec; ~aonc;. Oi 
Ke:paic~ atrt.tc; xpnoiponoioU'vt.ai via t.n e:icnopnn Kai Aflqm onpa'twv an6 icai 
npcx; 'ta 't£ppat.iic6 t.wv xpnot.c.Jv. 
ria VQ l.KavonOl.OUvt.al. Ol. anaJ.t.noe:i.c; 'tn<; pa6106i66oonc; oi K£pai£<; 
CVK09iO'tQV'tQl. VCV.llCQ oacpc.;x; 'J.f1lA6t.e:pa an6 'ta t.onu:6 e:pn66ia t.OU e:66'pouc;, 
ict.ipia, 6v0pWriouc;, 6£vt.pa, ict.A.. EninAtov, cne:i6n t.a ne:pio6t.cpa 
OUO'tnµar.a lC.lVnt.C:W pa61ocnl.KO.lVWVl.Wv anal.t.OUv lCOvt.lvn. OD'tl.Kn vpaµµfl 
J>C'ta~u t.wv ice:vt.piicW'1 t.onoee:oi.<J\r ~aonc; icai t.wv t.e:pµat.i.ic<.:Jv 'twv xpnot.c.Jv, 
Ol. Kt:paicc; nptne:l. VO £VKa0l.Ot.Wv'tal. n6vc.> 0£ OX£t.l.K6 qmAOU<; nupyouc; .Kal. 
ouxv6 nav<.> oe: ic:opucptc; A&pwv. Ttt.oie:c; anai t.floe:ic; µnopo\lv va txouv 
01Ttl.K6 £VOXAnt.J.Ktc; e:nint.Wo£1.c;. 
H an6ot.aon µe:t.a~u t.wv 'tonoecoic.Jv 'tWV iccpai<.:Jv, n6Ai, noiiciAAci avaJ...ova 
µe: t.nv unnpe:oia, aAA6 o"tn xe:ip6t.e:pn ncpin"twon, via ne:pioxtc; uqrnAI'lc; 
nuicv6'tn'tac; µc t.ono0coicc; µiicp<.:Jv K\J'11£AWv, 01 t.onoee:oicc; iccpaic.Jv 
cv6txc'tal. va anal. t.ci t.ai va µnv antxouv ncp1006t.e:po an6 2 km we; 3 km 
µct.a;u t.ouc;. Onou un6pxouv 6uo fl t.pcic; q>ope:ic; e:Kµct.6AAcuonc; oe: µia 
ncpioxn aut.6 µnope:i va txe:i. c.>c; ano'tt.hcoµa oi J.o'toi t.wv iccpai<.:Jv va 
antxouv µ6vo tva x1A16µe:t.po µe:"ta~u t.ouc;. 
To ouvoA.1ic:6 anot.tA.e:oµa e:ivai. 6t.i µe: µ1a noiici.hia 1civn'tWv unnpe:o1<.:Jv, 
icai µc ic6ee: unnpe:oia va naptxe:t.ai 6uvnt.iic6 an6 noAAouc; 
avtaywvi~6µcvouc; q>epe:ic; e:icµe:t.6AAe:uonc; e:ivai 6uvat.n n e:µq>avion no.hu 
µe:y6Aou apieµou "tono0e:oi<.:Jv iccpai<.:Jv icai oe: oxe:t.1ic6 µu:ptc; anoot.6oe:ic; 
µe:t.a~u t.ouc;, nou ea 6nµioupvo\Jv ont.iicn e:v6x.hnon. 
Ee µe:piictc; ne:pin'toocic; £xe:i ica"taot.e:i 6uvat.fl n µe:iwon t.nc; ont.iicnc; 
e:nint.wonc; µe:µovwµ£vwv Ke:paic.Jv µe: 'tnv an6icp\1'11fl t.ouc; nia<.> an6 6AAe:c; 
CVK~t.ao't.60£1.<; (6nwc; 'tQ 6ia~nµio'tl.K6 navw) n µc t.n "µc"taµcpie:on" t.ouc; 0£ 
6.h.hcc; nio ano6e:K't£<; on'tiic6 e:v1cat.aot.6ocic;. Oµwc;, oflµe:pa 9cwpcit.ai µn 
npClKt..lK6 icai µn oiicovoµiK6 va vive:i au"t.6 oc cict.ct.aµtvn ~6on. 
8.3 Mcpioµ6c; 'tn<; uno6oµflc; 
ria va e:Aa'tt.w0e:i n ncpi~aAAov"tiicn e:nin'twon, e:ivai 6uvat.6 6uo µ£t.pa. To 
npc.Jto civai va e:veappuv0oU'V 01 qx>pe:ic; cicµe:t.6.h.he:uonc; va µoip6tovtai 't.l.<; 
t.ono9e:oicc; iccpai~ 6nou civai. 6uvat.6. Evw aut.6 cv6txct.ai va au~noci 
't.OV api9µ6 ~wv Ke:paic.Jv nou e:yKa0io"tc.Jvt.a1 oc µe:µovwµtvouc; n\l'Ac.Jvcc;, ea 
µc.lWoC.l "t.O OUVOhl.K6 apieµ6 t.WV nuAc.Jvwv. 
To 6e:Ut.e:po µ£'tpo e:ivai va cni t.pane:i o'touc; avt.avwvi~6µe:vouc; cpope:ic; 
CKp£t.6AAcuonc; Va µ01p6~0V'tal. KOl.Vfl pa610Uno6oµn. AUt.6 ea tX£l. 
ncpi0<.>p.lClKfl e:ni6paon ot.nv £Kt.aon "tou avtavwvioµou µct.a~u t.wv cpoptwv 
e:icµct.6AAcuonc; icai ea CAQ't. 't.00£1. 'tO OUVOAl.lC6 api.9µ6 t.WV KCpal.Wv t.WV 
µcµovwµtvwv O'ta0µt:lv ~6onc; µ£oa oe: 6c.6oµtvn ne:pioxfl. 
Enoµtvwc;;, ea nptnci va e:n.l'tpanci 0 µe:pioµ6c; t.WV t.onoee:oi<.:Jv µct.a~u t.WV 
cpoptwv e:ic:µe:t.OAAcuonc; 'tWV "tnAe:ni.icoi. VWV.lOlCWv unnpcoi<.:Jv, fl µe:'ta~u 
t.n.hcniicoi vwviaKWv cpoptwv e:icµe:"t6AAcuonc; Kai cpoptwv cicµe:t.6.AAe:uonc; µn 
'tnAcniicoivwviaict:lv cvicat.ao't6oe:wv, 6nwc; e:ivai oi t.onoee:oie:c; e:niye:iwv 
pa6l.O'tnA£Ont.l.lCWv £Knoµn<.:Jv. 0 µcp10µ6<; uno6oµflc; 0a nptncl. Va £~£'taOt.£1 
156 
un6 1Ca8opi.0µ£ve:c; ouvetuc:e:c; e:m. t.ptnovi:ac; oe: ~uo fl ne:pioo6t.e:pouc; cpope:i<; 
e:Kµct.O!Acuonc; va µoip6~ovt.ai. 1C6no1a ncpioxfl Koivfl<; pa6io0no6oµfl<;. A\Ttl'l 
µnopci va ncpi.Aaµ~6vci t.ono0coie:<; Kcpai.C:W, iot.ouc;, Ke:paicc;, 
nopno6t1Ct.£<; Kai 6AAo 6i.1Ct.ua1C6 c;or1Aioµ6. 
9 TO MEAAONTIKO IlEPIBAfu\ON TQN IlPOECilIKQN EilIKOINQNICN: KINHTIKOTHTA 
ETA ETA9EPA KAI ETA AEYPMATA ~IKTYA 
H onµcpivfl npaypat.11C6t.nt.a cv6<; Kat.aKcpµat.ioµtvou ncpi~OAAoVt.o<; 
EupwnalJCC:W 6i.1Ct.uwv Kai unnpe:oi.C:W t.civci oflµcpa va unovoµcuoci t.o 6paµa 
t.wv 6ve:t.wv, oµaAC:W unnpcoi.W\1 npoownu:w cni.Koi.vwvi.C:W nou ea KaAUrit.ouv 
6Acc; t.l.<; ne:pi.nt.Woe:i.c; t.ou xpflot.n. 
O ic:at.a1Ccpµat.ioµ6c; e:µcpavite:t.ai irnpiwc; we; ouvtne:ia t.wv e:eviic:nc; ~6onc; 
Kavoviot.iic:w npooe:yyioe:wv Kai t.n<; cn16paonc; t.ouc; ot.n 6oµn t.nc; ayop6c;: 
• H e:0viKn a6cio66t.non o6nvnoe: ot.nv napavwvo noiKiAwv npoocvvioe:wv 
a6cio66t.nonc; Kai 6pwv ot.ouc; cpope:ic; e:Kµe:t.6AAe:uonc;, nou onµaive:i 
6t.i. noAAt<; unnpcoie:<; 6iat.i0e:vt.ai aK6µa µ6vo oc c0vi.Kfl ~6on Kal. o 
t.cpµat.iK6c; e:;onAioµ6<; 6e:v µnopci va xpnoiµonoin0ci cAc\l'0cpa an6 
tva 61Kt.uo oe: 6AAo. 
• Oi. ic:avovioµoi txouv xap6;e:i 6i6Kpit.a oU-Vopa µe:t.a;u 
ic:ivnt.wv Kai 6opucpopl.1CWv ne:pioxC:W µe: 
a6cio66t.non/c;ouoio66t.non oc K60e: ncpioxn. 
• Mtoa ot.nv ne:pioxn t.wv Kl.Vnt.Wv cni.Koivwviw, txouv cioax9ci 
napantpa Kavoviot.i.K6 oU-Vopa ot.nv avop6 µt Xc.Jpioµ6 t.n<; 
a6cio~6t.non<; oliµcpwva µc t.a 61acpopct.iic:6 ouot.flµat.a Kl. vnt.w 
pa~iocni.Koivwvi.W'V, via A6vouc; 6iaxcipion<; ouxvot.nt.wv Kai t.n<; 
l.Kav6t.nt.a<; va cAtyxoVt.al. Xc.J.Pl.Ot.6 oi api.0µoi t.c..JV ciocpxoµtvwv nou 
ea xpnoiµonoioU-V K60e: t.uno t.ou ouot.nµat.oc;. 
EKt.6<; an6 t.i.c; avcn6pKe:ie:c; an6 t.nv r1Ae:up6 t.nc; napoxnc; nou µnopow va 
cptpouv a\Tttc; 01 npoocyyioe:ic;, 6nwc; n anc:ihe:ia oiic:ovoµiw :d.iµaKac; Kai 
_K6Auqm<; KOl. oi 61aot.pc~AWoe:1c; ot.ov avt.aywvioµ6, noAu onou6aio 
anot.tAcoµa via noA.houc; xpnot.e:c; npoKe:iµtvou va anoKt.noouv rlAnpn oe:ip6 
t.nAe:niKoivwviaKC.:W npoY6vt.wv Kai unnpcoic.Jv, 01 xpnot.e:c; nptne:i va 
ouvaAA6000Vt.a1 µe: noAAouc; Kai 6iacpope:t.iic:ouc; npopn0e:U"tt<; 1Ca1 va 
e:py6toVt.ai µe: t.ouc; ne:piopioµouc; t.wv at.0µ1K6 e:ni.Acyptvwv Auocwv. 
9.2 H navcupc.a>nalKn 6i.6ot.aon 
Ta Mvnµ6via Euµcpwviac; (MoU) nou unoyp6cpt.nKav µe:t.a;u t.wv e:0viKC.:W cpoptwv 
CKpe:t.6AAe:uonc;;, via nap65e:ivµa µtow t.c..JV ouot.nµ6t.c..JV GSM Kal. ERMES, nt.av 
onµaVt.u:6<; napavovt.a<; oi:.nv uno~onenon t.n<; ouve:Kt.l.Kn<; av6nt.u;nc; Kai 
Acit.oupyia<; nave:upwnalKWv unnpe:oic.Jv, 161ait.e:pa ot.nv l.Kav6t.nt.a 
"ncpiaywync;; II µe: t.n xpnoiµonoinon lCl.Vnt.OU u:pµat.l.ICOU n K6pt.ac; SIM -
a1:6µa Kai av n nAnpnc;; uAonoinon t.n<;; ncpiaywync; ( ouµm:pi.Aaµ~avoµtvnc; 
Kai t.n<; ncpint.wonc; t.ou GSM) e:ivai aK6µa apKct.6 µaKpl.6 (~Atnc nion6vw). 
Ttt.0101 5iaKavovioµoi nptne:i va napaµe:ivouv at.a KCVt.po µiac;; ic:oivnc; 
npootvvionc;; npoc; t.ic; nave:upwnaYittc; npoowniic:tc; e:ni.ic:oivwvie:c;;. IlaVt.wc;, yia va µcyiot.onoin0ci n e:ni5paon t.ouc; ea anai.t.n6e:i n av6nt.u;n napan~pa 
Cl.61.lCtJv npooe:yyioe:wv yi.a t.l.<; unnpcoie:c; Kl. vnt.c.Jv Kal. npOCXJl"Il.lCWv 
cnl.lCOl. Vc..J\Tl.W. 
156 
. ~ . 
t.J To vto ncpij:l6AAov nou "ti8c't.al. an6 T.nv TnAcn1ico1vwv1cutl\ vaoic6nnon 
29 H TnAcniicoi.v<AN'icnc:fl Avaoit6n.non 'tou 1992, nou anot.cA&oc 'tn ~aon via t.o 
xpovo&i.av~ nou 9eon2it.mtc ac.o 'JlfMpi011a t.ou ~ouAiou 93/C213/02 
t.n~ 22ac; IouAiou 1993 , naptxci ~ t.nv cuxaJ.pia va opiot.ci 
icc"t6AAnAO ncpi~ov via "tl.~ npo0CAX11ict~ cni.EoiVWV'ic~. 
o OT.6xo~ 't.n~ nAnpou~ ancA.cuetpc.x:Jn~ t.n~ unnpcoiac; "tn~ &np6oia~ 
cpf.tNnt.ixn~ t.nA.c~ia~ 9a napouaiaoci tvav api8p6 noA.6' anpavtiic~ 
c,uxaJ.piw via av6nt.u~n npoouu.x<N cnuoivwviw, oupncpl.Aap~avoptV<N 
icai t.C.JV auvato'tr'rr.c.w t.<N cpopt<.tN ciciµ:t.6AAcuon~ va llC"tCJIP.cpouv f<Nll"tl.Kn 
Kivnon pc."t~6' npoopio~ oc at.a8cp6 (K~ cnion~ ltaJ. icivn"ta) &iK"tua, 
Kai cA&uecpia va ouv&u{ltovtai icai va m.Wllhr'taJ. o"tou~ "tCAl.1to6'~ xpl'lo"tc~ 
unnpcoic~ npoocpep6pcvc~ t.6oo en.a O'ta8·cp6 6oo ltaJ. cna KJ..vn"ta &inua. 
AU't.6 T.o ncpi~QAA.ov civai, ):1£'ta~\l' 6AAc.N, cv6t:x6pcvo va 1tevtpioc1 "tnv 
av6rl'tu~n ll&PJ.t6pcvn~ einutoo'l<; vonpoo\hrnc; nou civai ouoi.~n~ via "tnv 
cvonoinon "t<.N npoofA2u.KW\r cm.icoi VfiNJ..~ av6peoa oe &iapopc"t J.Ka 
ncpi~~a xpnoi:w KCU. &iu~ t~nc llapQp"tnpa Zl) • 
--J.opa ~ov ZvpfovAiov T.D~ 22~ IouA1ou 1993 yi.a "tllV avaox6nncm "tll~ llG"tdcnacm~ O"tOV 
"topta 'tWV "tnAcni.coi.vwvi.~ xai. "tnv av6VKn vi.a ~fXJ avdlrtu~n cnnv avo~ O\n4 
f93/C213/0l. OJ C213. 6. 8. 93). -
117 
10 YMDEPAZMATA 
Ta Kpd'Cn-HtAn txo1JV 6.icppnvcuoci 'Cnv 'Cdon ancAc118tptJOn~ no11 'Ct8nxc 
O'CnV Ilpdai vn BlfjAo 'COii 198 7. 
Ta ncpioo6t.cpa Kp6t.n-MtAn txouv cic600c1 66cic~ oc nep1006t.epou~ 
an6 tvav cpopci~ c1q1ct.6AAcuon~ ( n. x. at.o GSM) 1:1c t.nv np68eon va 
np<XAJ8noouv tva nio avt.ayCtJV1ot.1ic6 ncpi~OAAov. 
o avt:ayc.1viop6c txci ollV'tcAtoci oc pcyaAancpa 09tAn tcSoo otouc xp~otcc 
600 xai O'COll~ napoxc!~ K.lvn'C~V 1111npcoiQV. 
Mia avoixt.n, aVt.ayCtJViot.iicn ayop6 txci 61cycipci t.nv c1:1cpavion icai 
avant.u~n icivnt."'7 unnpcoi"'7 nou npow8ollv t.n yp~yopn anoA~~ 
icaA&tc.PCtJV icai cp0nv6t.cpwv unnpcoi'1v, i6iait.cpa oc oxton pc t.o GSM. 
H 6opl1 'Cn" ayop6." p118plCc'ta.l OUpg><JVa JJC 'C.1" 6.laflOPC'C.lKt" 
'CCXVOAoylc". 
01 E0viKt<; Kavoviot.iictc; Apxt~ ot.nv Evwon icai aAAou txouv 
uio0ct.~oci noAi t.iict~ nou 6iapepc;,vouv t.nv ayop6. ol)pcpwva 1:1c t.a 
6i6<popa un6pxoVt.a ouot.n1:1at.a icivnt."'7 pa61ocn1icoivCtJV1'1v. 
AUt.6 ):1nOpci va ncpiopioci t.nv 1icav6t.nt.a t.ou t.01:1ta va iicavonoinoci 
t.J.<; anai t.nocic; t.nc; ayopac;, av . 6cv c~ioopponneci 1:1c 1:1cyaA.&tcpn 
eucAi~ia ot.nv napoxn unnpcoiC:W, icai t.nv 1icav6t.nt.a npoocpop6~ 
ouv6uaoµou unnpco1'1v. 
AndAll'Co.l f>payp.ol c.1066011 napaptvollV oc tvav api8p6 Kpa'CtfJv- HcAtfJv. 
Evac; api0µ6c; Kpat.'1v-McA'1v 6iat.npoUv OK6):1a anoKACl.O'tJ.lCQ icaJ. Cl.6J.1CQ 
6J.1CQJ.~Q'tQ Ot.OV t.01:1ta. 01. cppayµoi aUt.oi nptnci VO c~acpaVl.O'tOUv av 
n ayop6 t.CtJV Ki vnt.C:W cnuoi vCtJV1'1v np6icc1 t.ai va avan'tux0ci nMpc.><;. 
Ta ouot~pa'Ca a6cio66'tnonc 6ia~tpo11V onpav'tiKd. 
Et.ouc; cpopcic; cicµct.6Ahcuonc; icivnt.C:W 61ict.uCtJV xopnyoUvt.ai 66cicc; 
~QOCJ. c8Vl.1C'1v 61a61Kao1'1v KQJ. c0Vl.1COKCVt.pJ.K'1v lCpl.t.npiCtJV 
anot.i1:1I1onc;. 01 61a61icaoicc; cniAoync; 6cv civai 0µ016µoppcc; Kai oc 
no.A.Ate; ncpint.Wocic; ot.cpoUvt.ai 6iacp6vciac;. Ta Kp6t.n-MtAn ouxv6 
61a"tnpo0v onµavt.iicn 6i.0Kp1 t.iicn cuxtpcia A6yw t.ou ycyov6t.oc; 6t.i 
ouu: oi npooic.Mlocic; via uno~oM npoocpop'1v o\l't.c 01 61a61icaoicc; 
anot.il:lllonc; 6ivouv oacpn tv6ci~n t.ou oxc'tJ.Kou ~6pouc; t.CtJV icpit.npiCtJV 
a~ioA6ynonc;. 
And 'COii~ 6i09opC't.lKOU~ 6po11" npoxaAodvtai 
6iao'CpcfjAt:Joc i ~. 
Yn6pxouv onµaVt.iictc; 6iao"tpc~AW<Jcic; o"tov avt.ayCtJV10µ6 icai o'tn 60µ6 
'tnc; ayop6c;, t.600 µtoa O'tl.<; t.cxvoAoyicc; 60<.;> icai µct.a~u "touc;, nou 
npoicUnt.ouv an6 t.l.<; 6i.acpoptc; ot.ic; 61a61icaoicc; a6cio66t.nonc; icai 
oi:ouc; ~aoiicouc; 6pouc; T.CtJV a6ci'1v 6nCA:~ ciccivouc; nou icaA.Unt.ouv t.n 
6iaod'v6con icai t.n xpnon uno6opnc;. 
Enpcpa, t.a Kp6t.n-M£An · aicoAoueo\lv onµav'tiica 61apopc't1Kf~ 
icavoviot.iict~ npoocyyiocic;. H 6iapiccia t.CtJV 6p.N' t.CtJV a6c1"'7 icai 01 
ouveniccc; nou cn1~6Ahovt.a1 ot.ouc; cpopci~ cicµct.OAAcuon~ icivnt.C:W 
61nuCtJV 6iacptpouv an6 xWp<l oc x~a ic01 an6 cpopta oc cpopta. AUt.6 oc 
nollt~ ncpint.Woci~ npoicaAci ~ txci t.n 6uvat.6'tnt.a va npoicaAtoci 
onµaVt.iicn 6iaot.pt~.Awon t.ou avt.ayCtJVi.oµou. 
158 
8 an66oon xpf!o~ 'COU t'doJJat:°" Ba y.ivct:aJ. 6Ao JCQ.1 QJ.O c~uxlt. 
H avcnapiccia t.ou q>Qoµax.oc; o'tl.t; Kl. vnt.tc; cnl.KOl. vt.Nicc; ana1:u:i t.nv 
u108tt.non fOOpO't.l.lCQ ano6o't.l.ltW 't.CXVoAoy.uN. ~. n Cprll.O't.OOUvn 
ot.i.c; m.o ano6o'tl.d~ 'tcxvoAoyicc; 6ev Kat.apyci 'tnv av6y'Kn op&oo 
oxc5ioopou t.nc; xpnonc; t.wv po5i.oouxvot.nt.c.JV µtoa oi:ic; ci5utc; twee; 
OUXVO'tflt;<.N lCQl. pe'ta~u Q1Jt.cN Kal. t.CiN VC1.t.0Vl.K'1v/napaxc1pcvc.N tc.JV<N. 
nptnei va c~aOfaA.iot.ci pia ano6cKt.n npootyyion ot.nv cicxc.Jpnon 
ouxvot.nt.C.iJV pct.a;u vttuv icai nponyol)peVta>V t.cxvoAoyi.C:W via va 
cA.axiot.onoi.n&o&v 01 apoi~aicc; nape1i1~<>Atc; xai. va l1CVl.O'tonoin8ei n 
cnavaxpnoiponoinon ouxvot.flt.wv. 
B apilpo66t:non c.ivai ci<J.ucn~ onpao.i~ yia t:nv napoXli xi vrn:w unnpcoiw. 
H ~i8po66t.non 6n111oupyd onpavtua vta tnt.flµat.a Kai anai t.flocic;. 
Av6ilcoa o' Q\1'ta ea eivai n av6yxn via npo<XAru.icouc; api.&po\l'c; c;,cnc va 
51cuic;oA:uveci n npoowru.icfl :teivnu.1e6t.nt.a avapeoa oe 6A.a t.a ~iict.ua :teai 
ncp.i{SQAAoVt.a. 
OJ. ouvBdKc~ a09&ci~ xa.i oi ncpijJaAA.ovuxt~ ouvBdJCc~ Ba anoxt:iioouv 
c~txovoa <mpoo.ia. o p.cpiop~ lll106o~ 8a Kat:aou.i onpon.ix6 Cd'tnp.a. 
Ynapxci ouoiao'tJ.Kfl 5nµ6oia avnouxia via t.ouc; 6uvat.o6'c; Kiv5wouc; 
ot.nv uyeia nou npotpxoV"taJ. an6 t.nv nAeic:'tpopayvnt.u:fl tic:9con, icai 
via 't.a npo~Mpat.a nA.c:tet.popayvn'tJ.KW napep~oA.W oe cuaio&nt.a 6pyava 
6~ £1. va1 t.o 01t~n8n'tl.Ka µtoo, .oi ~npa"to66t.cc; 'tnc;: :teop6l.~ ic01. 
'ta avtiic:A.c1&Jt1ic6 ouo"tflpat.a nt6nonc;:. 
01 pa61onu.Awcc; lCQl. OAAcc;: pa6iocyic:a"taot.6ocic; cv6txc'tOJ., cnionc;, va 
6npioupyt\oouv ncpi.~a.A.Aovt.iictc;: avnouxic~ ica1 tnt.nµat.a ot.ov 
noAco6oi:ii:te6 oxc5.iaoµ6. H npoc:>enon "tou p.cpiopc>O uno6o~c;: q>aivct.ai 
6"t i ei vai tvac;: µellovt J.JC6<; t.¢noc; ( avt i.pct.cmionc;) • 
H OU'J.Ul"W.ia tn~ nAlipoll~ ancAcu8tptJOn~ tlJV' rmnpcoit:Jv t:n~ 6npdoia~ 
ffJVIJt.ix~~ 'tn.Ac~v.i~ ro 1998 napouoiaCci p.ia Cl1Ka.i.p.ia va opioroaJv oi 
~vvoie~ y.ia nAJSpn «J. vnt.uc6rm:a rou xpli(nn cna pa6iocniKoJ. w.IY'.taxd Kai 
ot:a o-caBcpd 6.ix'ttro. 
H n.Anpnc;: anc.Aeuetpwon 'tnc;: 6nµ6oi~ qx.Nnt.iicnc;: t.nA.c'P(IJViac;: ea 
em. t.ptwci 'to ouv6uaop6 t.wv unnpcol.Wv ):ltow "tc..JV ot.a0cp<:N Kai Kl. vnt.C:W 
6l.Kt.l>w KOl., cnoµtv~, ea 6icu1:0A.0vci t.nv nMpn 6i.at.cppai:.J.Kfl 
unnpeoia oc ncpi.~6.AA.ov npoowniKw enu:ol.V(NJ.Wv. Baoil;6pcvn o"tn 
Ol)yicAi.on t.wv vonµ6vc.N 6u:tu"7V ica1 'tc..JV' lJ.lllCPl.OlCW 6i:tet.\)wv :tel. vn'tw 
Cnl.KOl.Vc..>Vl.W, aui:.fl ea npow0~0CJ. nio ano6o'tl.K6 lCQl. ano"tCACOJ:10'tl.K6 
fPCptc CK}:lC"taAAC\JOnc;: 61.Kt.Oou KQl. ACl."tOUpyia unnpcOl.Wv KaJ. 9a 
npooq>tpci 1JTlflpeoiec; nAI\pouc;: icivnu.x:6i:.n"ta<; at.ov xp!\o"tn. 
118 
npo~ "to nep1,P6AAov "'CWV npooe.>n1xw en1xo1vflJV1w 
fipao1vn Bi,PAo~ yia xoivn npoofyy1on O"'CO D£6io "'CflJV 
xivn"'CC:W xa1 npoOflJn1x~v en1xo1vwv1C:W o~nv Eupwnalxn Ko1v6"'tn~a 
IlAPAPTHMA r 
ANAEKODHEH TCN llArKOEMIQN 
EBEAIBECN 
180 
1. 
2. 
3. 
'· 
1. 
'· llINAKAE IlEPIEXOMENQN 
ESEAIBBIZ ZTIZ HNQMENEE DOAITEIEE 163 
1.1 TOocl.t; t.nt; t.cxvoAoyia<; KCU t.n~ ay~ 163 
1.3 Tptxouoa npootvvion ot.ic;: unnpcoic~ npoO<A111KC:W 166 
cnl.KOlVWVl.W 
EBBAI8EIZ ITHN IAnQNIA 
2.2 Aia6iKaoic~ a6cio66t.non~ Kai cniAovn<; 
2.3 Tptxouoa npootvvion ot.i~ unnpcoic~ npoO<A11iK"'1 
cnl.KOl.VtJVl.W 
EBEAIBEIE ETHN DEPIOXH TOY EIPHNIKOY KAI '!'BR AZIA EIC'l'OZ 
'!'BE IAIJQRIAZ 
BBBAIBBIE ETHN DEPIOXH THE MBEOrEIOY, ErrYZ ANATOAH, 
A_,IICH, AATINIKH AMEPIKH 
4.1 Ilcpiox~ t.n~ Mcooyciou Kai EV'{U~ Avat.oAn 
KENTPIKH KAI ANATOAII<H EYPQDH 
5.1 Oi ci~iKt~ 6uvat.6t.nt.e~ Kivnt.C:W £Dl.K01VWV1C:W via 
t.nv Kcv-tpl.Krt KQ1 Avat.OA1Krt Eu~ 
5.3 Mnxavioµoi ouvcpyaoia~ 
ff llArKOEMIA 8EEH T~E EYPQilHE ETIE ~HeIAKBZ KINHTEI 
TBXNOAOrIEE 168 
168 
169 
169 
170 
1'72 
172 
172 
173 
174 
174 
175 
177 
1'71 
6.1 Yio0tt.non t.OU GSM an6 t.OU~ fOpci~ CKpt:t.OAAeuon~ 178 
6.2 To GSM txci t.1~ 6uvat.6t.nt.c~ va Kat.aot.ci navic6oµio 
np6t.uno Vl.O 'i'll~l.a~t~ K1Vnt.t, COl.KOl.VWViC~ 179 
US1 
6.3 Oi 6uvat.6t.nt.c~ t.n~ nayK6oµia~ ayop6~ via OAAc~ 
'J!fltl.aKt~ Kl.vnt.t~ t.cxvoAoyic~: 
DBCT ,, Tl"l'S Kai OAAc~ 
6.4 H 8ton t.n~ Eup<All'la!Kn~ ~ioµnxavia~ 1tatao1tcufl~ 
1tivnt.ou c~ollAioµou 182 
183 
7. DArKOEMIA EYETHMATA OPOEOOIKQN EDIKOIHQNIQN ~OPY~PIKBE BAZHE 184 
8. 
I. 
10 7.1 Tptxovta npoypaµµat.a 
7.3 To np6~Ariµa t.n~ Kupiapxia~ t.<.rJV HnA o~ov ~oµta 
EYNTONIEMOE ETH ~IE9NH ENQEH THAEDIKOINCNIQN (l!V) 
8.1 Op6oq>at.n avaµ6ppwon t.ou ouvt.oviopou 'tc.JV 
pa61ocniKol.Vc.JVl.C:W ot.nv ITU 
8.2 flay1t6oµic~ ~l.QOKt~Cl.~ Pa6iocnl.KOl.Vc.JVl.C:W (WRC•) 
Kai Eupc.>na1Kn cKnpooWllnon 
DPOEBAZH EE TPITEE ArOPEE 184 
184 
185 
185 
185 
187 
187 
9.1 eton Ka~aoKcuao~C::.V t.pit.<.rJV ~ o~nv Eu~a1Kn 187 
ayop6 
9. 2 eton <poptc.JV cKµct.CAAcuon~ t.pi ~<.rJV xc.pN o~i~ , 188 
Eupwna1Kt~ Kivnt.t~ cniKoivtiJVic~ 
9.3 etpat.a np6o~aon~ oc ayopt~ t.pit.tiJV xc.pN, 188 
ncpiopioµoi i6ioKt.noia~ ot.i~ HilA 
9.4 To noAuµcpt~ nAaioio, n cn16paon t.n~ EUllcpwvia~ GATT 190 
EYMDBPAZMATA 192 
182 
1. EBF.AIBEIZ ETIE HNQMENEE fiOAITEIEE 
1 1.1 T6oci~ t.n~ t.cxvoAoyiac; Kai t.n~ ay~ 
Oi cp.nopiictc; KlJ'!'&Aoci&cic; Kl.vnt.tc; unnpcoicc; ~cKivnoav ot.ic; 
HvCl.\ltvcc; noAi"tcicc; "tO 1983 pc 'tn xpnon "tou avaA.oyuo\) npo"t\lnou 
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System -Oponyµtvo EuO"tnpa Kivn"tnc; 
TnAccpwviac;) • E"ta pcoa t.ou 1993 . urmpxav ouvoA.ua ncpioo6"tcpoi 
an6 13 cKat.oppupia ouv&popnt.fc; -ncpinou St t.ou nA.n8uoµou. Oi 
api8µoi t.c..N ouv6popnt."'1 au~Ovovtai ncp1oo6-u:po an6 30% Kat. ' 
tt.oc; icai 40% tc.x; 50% t.w vt.w ouv6po}:lllt.W eivai xpnot.cc; pn 
cnixcipnµat.iic"'1 6paot.npiot.nt.w nou npoocAltuat.nKav an6 cutA.iict.a 
t.iµoAoyiaKa naKt"ta. Ta ptoa too&l ava ouv&po}:lllt.n ~cncpvomr t.a 
$70 t.o ):11\va Kai n ouvoAiitn avop6. unnp&ol.w at.ic; H11A dvai 
ncpinou $9 &iocitat.oppupia ct.noic.x;. 
H pc"ta't.6m.on O"tl.<; \.l1flq>l.aKC<; K\111'&Aoci6cic; unnpcoicc; O'tl.c; HnA 
Ka8uo"ttpnoc an6 6uo nap6yovt.cc;. Ilpt;l"tov, oi napouocc; avaAoyiictc; 
Aci"toupyicc; civai ano"tcAcoµa"tiictc; an6 nA.cup6c; ic6atouc; ic01., A6yw 
t.~ "tcxviic:~ ~cA"tioocwv "tnc; ucpiot.oµcvnc; avaAoyiic:nc; "tcxvoAoyi­
ac; , un6pxci 6ia8toiµn ncpioo6t.cpn XCA>pnt.J.K6t.nt.a µc xpnon t.w 
"tpcxoua<:Jv cicxc..>pnocc.w cp6opa"toc;. Enionc;, n ~c~ai6t.nt.a ot.nv 
cm.Aovn "tnc; Aµcpl.Kavunc; qrncpiaKnc; t.cxvoAoyiac; ~Ut.cpnc; ycvioc;, 
txci cµno6ioci t.nv cµcpavion oacpouc; avo51Knc; 6ia6popnc;. npoweou­
Vt.ai &uo avt.aywviot.iica qrncpiaKa icuy&Aoci&n np6t.uncn 
• 
• µia t.cxviic:n nollanA.nc; np6o~aonc; &iaipconc; xp6vou (TDMA) 
unoot.npitct.ai an6 "tnv United Statea Cellular 
Telecommunications Industry Aaaociassion icai pcy6Aouc; 
icat.aoKcuaot.ixouc; opyavioµouc; lJ!llcpl.aKou c~onAioµou, icai 
µia "tcxviic:n nollanMc; np6o~aonc; 61a1pconc; :ac:~J.Ka (CDMA) 
unoot.npi~ct.ai an6 "tnv QualCODlll Incorporated, cpyoMnt.pia 
"tOU Ynoupyciou Ap\)vnc; ~<.JV HIJA. 
Ynnp~c avnouxia ot.ic; HnA2 via t.o 6t.1 icaeuo"tcpflocic; o-r.nv 
cioaywvfi qmcpialCnc; T.cxvoAoyiac; 6ivouv O"to np6t.uno GSM µia 
cUKaipia va cniicpa"tnoci oc µn Eu~ictc; avoptc; nou uioett.noav 
-r.o AMPS ~ np6~uno t.Ci.JV avaAoyiicc;w t.ouc; unnpcoicJ\r, 
unooic:Ont.ovt.ac;, t"tOl., "tnV "tCXVOAoyJ.ltn nyct.iKn econ 'tc..>V HnA. An6 
t.nv 6AAn nAcupQ, n an6q>aon t.nc; oiioonov6iaKnc; Eni -r.ponnc; 
Enuoiv<.JVi'1v (FCC) v' anocp\)yci -r.nv npoQenon cv6c; µovooiicou 
npot.Uoou via ouo-r.npa 6e:uT.cpnc; vcv16c;, o6nynoc oc onpavti:ac:n 
aO~non "t0\1 pu8µou "tCUV ncipaµa"tl.O~ KQ1 aU't.6 µnopci VQ 06nyr\OCl. 
oc pay6a1a Cl.O{Xl{Cil'{fl lCQl.VOt.6µc.JV vtt.N Kl.vnt.t:Jv unnpcoiC:W OT.l.<; HnA. 
H µc"t6i!aon oe: vta qmcp1CllC6 np6t.una 9a civai npoaipC't.l.Kn lCOl. o 
xp6voc; npayµa"tonoinonc; "tnc; ea c~apt.n9ci an6 t.o ic6atoc; icai t.n 
cpaopa"tl.Kl'l an66oon "tc.JV qm91a1Cw Aci t.oupyiw, oc oxton pc t.ic; 
I6ia1'tcpa 'to cncvotwv1x6 AMPS (N-AMPS) nov ~ai'tc1 p6vo 10 kHz y1a tva fC.Nn't1X6 xav6A1 
xcu t-to1 civa1 tpaopa't1x6 ncpioo6u:po ano6o'tl.x6 an6 'tO apx1x6 AMPS. 
2 BA.me •Global Competitiveneaa of US Advanced Technoloqy Induatrieaa Cellular 
Colmaunic:ationa•,_ US International Trade COlllllliaaion 1993 
183 
-~ 
. ' .; . -~ 
. -~ 1.2 'tptxouocc;; avaAoyiitcc;; unnpcoicc;;. H pc't~aon pnopci v' avaptvc'tai 
va A~ci xWpa np<Jta oc ncpioxtc; 6nou n K\J\fCAoci6nc;; 6ieio6uon 
civai ptvio'tn. Oi Ka'taoitcuao'tt<; c~onA.iopoo 'tc..JV HnA txouv cnionc; 
npo'tcivci 'tn 6uva't6'tn'ta napayc..JVl'lc; xcipoouoitcu<N 6inA.oo 'tp6nou 
avaAoviitoo/qmcpiOKoo itai n 6iaecoip6'tn'ta 'tc..JV ouoiccuc.N aU"t<N ea 
pnopoooc va o6nyi\oci oc cic'tc'taptvn ncpio6o avaA.oviicnc;/qmcpiOKnc; 
ouv0nap~nc;. oi cpopeic;; citpc't6AA.cuonc; qmcpiOK<N ouO"tnpa'tc..JV 
avaptvouv 6'ti 'to 40% 'tnc; icivn'tnc; avaA.oviitnc; 'tcxvoAoviac; ea 
pc'ta'tpanci oc qmcpicnca ouo'tnpa'ta npiv an6 'to 2000. 
ff FCC txci c~ayyciAci 'tnv ica'taxc:,pnon OUXVO'tn'tc..JV via Ynnpcoicc; 
Ilpoownl.KW Eniitoiv"1Vl.W O'tic; HllA. To Ecrrttp~pio 'tOU 1993 n FCC 
ita'taxWpnoc ouvoAiita 160 MHz via unnpcoicc; PCS pc 120 MHz via 
6np6oicc;; (6nAa6n a6c106o'tnp£vcc;) unnpcoicc; Kai 'to un6Aoino via 
ouoitcutc; PCS. xapnAnc; ioxooc; nou 6cv xpciaCoV"tai a6cia. 
Epnopiittc; Kl.Vn'ttc; unnpcoicc; 6c6optvc..JV civai 61aeto1pcc; O'tl.<; HilA 
c~ itai ncpioo6'tcpa an6 cn'ta xp6via Kai 'tWpa itaAtln'touv ncpinou 
97% 't"1V pn'tponoAi 'tl.KW ncpiox<N 't"1V HilA. Tt'toicc; unnpcoicc; 
u:avono100v itupiwc; 'tl.<; avayu:c; C'taipiic<N xpno't<N icai icAcio'tw 
op66c.+Jv xpno't<N. 
Oi HilA ouvcxitouv va naiCouv onpav't1K6 p6Ao o'tnv napoxn Kl.vn'tw 
OUO'tnp6't"1V, c;onAiopoo ital. XCl.f>OOUOKCucN o' oA6KAnpo 'tOV K6opo, 
pc 'tl.<; AT,T, Northern Telecom itai Motorola va itcp6itouv 'to 37% 
'tn<; ayopac;; cit't6c; HnA via avaAoviica ouO"tnpa'ta 'to 1991 itai 'to 40% 
'tn<; ayopac;; CK't6c; HnA via qmcpl.CllCQ OUO'tnpa'ta. ff Motorola 
ouvcxiCci va civai o pcvaAO"tcpoc; npopnec~nc; xcipoouoitcuC:,V pc 
23% ouppc'toxn o'tnv nayit6opia ayopa 'to 1990 • 
Aia61icaoicc; a6c1066'tnonc; icai cnl.Aoyflc; 
01 Hvwµtvcc;; noAi'tcicc; n'tav pia an6 'tl.<; npcJ"tcc; xc;,pcc; nou 
xopnvnoav a6cicc; oc itivn'ttc; unnpcoicc;. 01 avaAoviittc; unnpcoicc; 
'tnhCCl.6onoinonc; npeav O'tnV avopa 'tn 6cKaC'tia 'tOU 1960 Kal. 
a6cicc;; avaAoyiitnc; itivn'tnc; 'tnAc<p<.tJViac;; xopnynenitav via npcJ"tn cpopa 
'to 1981. ria 'tnv avaAovu:n itivn'tn 'tnAc<p<.tJVia, n FCC anocpaoioc va 
6npioupynoci ncpioxiita 61n<JA.1a XCAJPiCoV"tac; 'tic; Hvwptvcc; 
floAi 'tCicc; oc 306 MrnponoAi 'tl.Kt<; E'ta'tl.O'tl.Kt<; Ilcpioxtc;; ital. 428 
AVf>O'tl.KC<; E'ta'tl.O'tl.it£c;; ncpioxtc;. ria itaec ncpioxn xopnyi\0nitav 
600 'ttlnOl. a6ciw: 01. a6cicc; "Opa6ac; AN 660mcav O'tOV 'tOnl.K6 
cpopta citpc't6AA.cuonc; o'ta8cpoo 6iit'toou, cv vtvci o'tnv 'toniitn 
Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) icai 01 a6cicc; "Opa6ac;; B" 
xopnyn0nitav oc avc~ap'tn'touc; OV"tQ'{C.tJVl.O'ttc;. Ev~ ncp16p1Cc 'tcxvn'ta 
'tn 6opn 'tnc; avopac;, n FCC niO'tCUC 6'tl. 'ta 'tOnl.KQ 6in<JA.1a ea 
npow0oooav 'tnv 'tcxvoAoyiitn np6o6o, ea 6icopuvav 'tnv cm.Aovn 
unnpcoiw Kai ea cionyav 'tov aV"toVt.JVl.0116 o'tic; 'tl.ptc;4• 
H FCC antcpuyc va xopnynoci 66cia o' tvav pova6iit6 ceviit6 cpopta 
CKpC'tOAAcuonc; Kl. vn'tW cnl.KOl. VCiNl.cN, napa 'tl.<; Ol.lCOVOpl.Kt<; 
3 Global Competitiveneaa of US Advanced Technology Induatrieaa Cellular Collaunicationa, 
US International Trade Conniaaion 1993. 
4 EK8toc1~ ~n~ FCC, Cellular Connunicationa Syat ... , 86 FCC 2d (1986). 
184 
ano66ocic; nou ea pnopo\l'oav va cixav cni t.cux9ci 11' cnn6v t.ov 
t.p6no. Ev t.out.oic;, 6cv unfipxav ncpiopiopoi at.ov api8p6 t.W 
a6t:~c.N "Op66ac; B" oi. onoit:c; p.nopouoav va 1tcntxoV'taJ. an6 
QV'tayc.JVl.Ot.l.lCOO<; cpopcic; Cltp.t:'tOAAcUonc; lCl.Ynt.W £nl.Jt01.V(NJ.CN, 
cm.t.ptnonac; oc c'taipicc; va c~aacpaAioouv 1t6A\J\lll oe yeit.ovidc; 
Jtl. vnt.tc; ncpioxtc;. ~ anot.tAcoµa, n HcCaw icai n Grl 1taA\bnouv 
ol\pcpa, pati, 'tO 10% t.W ~'tcN 'tWV HOA. 
Tnv i6J.a ot.inm, 01 icavoviot.iicoi ncpiopi.opoi nou t.t8n1tav atic; 
RBOC we; anot.tlcopa 'tnc; cicnoinonc; t.nc; AT6T t.o 1982, pnopt:i va 
t.l.c; txouv 8tocl. OC J:1Cl.OV£Kt.l.Kfl 8ton an6 nAcu~ 
avtayc..JVJ.O'tl.Jt6t.nt.ac; oc od'yicpion pc t.ouc; 1tat6xouc; a6ci'1v "~~ 
B II. H Tpononoinptvn Tclu:fl lU.KQOt.l.ltfl np6~n (Modified Final 
~ Judgement -MFJ) pc t.nv onoia 9coniot.n1tc n c1tJ10inon mnfl, 
anayopcoci ou.c; RSOC va naptxouv unnpcoicc; pcu:pc:,v anoot.6ocwv 
(pc'ta~\l' (~TA5). Et.oi, oi icivnt.tc; 1tAI\ocic; nou anait.ol)v pct.66oon 
oe 6i.apopct.iicfl LATA, nptnci va pct.antpnoV'taJ. oc cpopta 
c1tpct.6A.Acuonc; pc;uc:pc;,v anoot.6occ.JV. O ncpiopiop6c; cnn6c; 6np1oupyci 
6uo1t0Aicc; ot.nv napoxfl icivnt.flc; unnpcoiac; an6 t.ic; RBOC ica06t.i n 
1t6Auyn t.nc; 66ciac; ic:ivnt.w unnpcoi.C:W civaJ. 61acpopct.11tt\ an6 t.nv 
ic&uvn t.nc; LATA oc ncpioo6t.cpcc; an6 1300 t.onoecoicc;. AUt.6 
cni~QA.A.ci ot.ic; RBOC tva np6o8ct.o 1t6ot.oc; pct.anolllU'lc; t.o onoio 6cv 
cn1~6A.Act.a1 oe: avt.aywvi0t.uo\l'c; cpop&ic; 1t1 vn'tw unnpeoi.c:w6. 
0 t.p6noc; cniAoyt\c; t.ou 6e:lh.cpou 1tat.6xou a6ciac; oc 1t68c ncpioxJ\ 
flt.av µct.~Ant.~. Ol. 66cicc; yia t.ic; 90 pcyaA\h.cpcc; 
Mnt.ponoAuiictc; Et.a'tiot.utc; ncpi.oxtc; (MSA) anove:pt\8n1tav pc 
ouyicp1t.11ttc; axpoapat.11ttc; 61a61icaoicc;. Oi. un6lo1ncc; 6&eicc; 
xopn~9nicav p.tcx.> KAnP'locwv Kai 01 cnit.ux6vt.cc; cixav t.o 611taif.41a 
nc».nonc; t.wv a6c1c.N t.ouc;. H 61.f;pyaoia KAl\p.x>nc; cni. t.6xuvc t.nv 
av6nt.u~n t.wv icivnt.Qv \11lllpco1"'1, cntt.pcyc oc pi1tp6t.cpouc; oiicouc; 
va pno\N at.nv ayop6 ic:ai oc pcyaAl)t.cpouc; cpopcic; c~pct.6AA.cuonc; va 
0t.a8cponoinoouv t.n eton t.ouc; nouA<N'tac; 66cicc; • Bv t.olttoic;, 
cv86ppuvc Kcp6ooicon1ic:tc; ait.6ocic; via ic:Anp.;x,eic; an6 opyaviopo~c; 
pc ncpiopioptvo cv~iaptpov via napoXJ\ ic:uycAoci&:Jv unnpcoi"". 
Oi u•iot.6pcvoi avaAoyiic:oi cpopcic; c1tpc~6A.Acuonc; ea pct.~\)v o~nv 
Il91cntl'l t.cxvoAoyia via icaAO"tcpn xpflon ~ou ic:a~axwpnptvou 
~at.oc;.. Onc.x; avacptp8mcc ni.6 nCvcJ, n rec 6cv ic:a81tp..JOc ot.i.c; 
HllA pi.a anait.non via ciaiic:6 lf™Pl.CllC6 t.cxvoAovia8 nou va cioax9c1 
oc pi.a ica&opioptvn nµcpopnvia ~pioipn pc cic:civn nou 
~iOKOU),lC o~nv EupcJialK6 EVfA>Oll yia t.nv cioay(.Jfl'l t.nc; ~cxvoAoyiac; 
GSM. 
5 Local Accua Tranaport Area (Dc91oxli Mc't~ Toni~ D~c>· 
6 llllop>W va wo'6AM>V"tcu mr6 u.c RBOC a1 "tlioc1c via 6pcm oc pcvo"'4ttvcc uq>l.Jnmc1c 'tDC .... ~~ pc'taipo¢( puatl) LATA. . Ev 'to\ho1~ 'tho1cc an4oc1c ciVGl. 61a&uaou.x6 
ca1aovcc •cu. a4vovv 1ta't6 ptoo 690 19 pvcc vi.a va &icarcpn.wlodv. BAtnc Olobal 
CCllllMtt1tiveneaa of US Advanced-Tecbnol09Y Illdaatri••• Cellular ec.mnicationa, US International Trade ec-iaaion 1993 
1 Global ec.pet.itiveneaa of us AdvanceQ-TeclmolOCJY Iadmttriea1 Cellular ec-an.ieationa. 
OI Iatenation.al Trade Coaaiadon 1993 • 
• A\n.6 1111~1 v' QVU.DGpcru.8c1 pc 'tllV \JDOX,PCW'tl.D xg4on uac avaAoy1dc 't&XVOAoyiac ... 
DOV Cll01 't68JHtC aa6 'tDV rec 6'tCJV a6t:1o66'tDOC vi.a np.\'tn 90~ JU. YD't6 OVO't6~a. 
185 
1.1 
1.• ~cv unapxouv ou.c;; HnA napoxcic;; Kl. vm.w unnpcoiw an' · cu0c1ac;; 
~tvnc;; c0vJ.K6"tnt.ac;;. Kat.6 t.nv anovopfl t.C&JV apxuw avaA.oyuw 
a6ci.W\r unnpxav Aivoi µn aµcpi.Kavoi unolfl'iq>l.Ol. nou flt.av oc 0ton 
v' aVt.ayC&JVl.Ot.OUv via t.tt.oicc;; 66cicc;;. Eninp6o0ct.a, t.O Tpflpa 310 
t.nc;; Oµoonov6iaKflc;; Ilp6~nc;; Enl.KOl.VC&JVl.W t.ou 1934 ncpiopitci t.nv 
~tvnc;; c9vi.K6t.nt.ac;; 16i0Kt.noia KU1fcAoci.6ouc;; a6ciac;; o' tva µtyiot.o 
25%. H BT txci cKnoifloci t.o 22% 't.C&JV 11c't.oxw 't.nc;; nou fl't.av 
t.ono9ct.nµtvcc;; ot.nv Mccaw 11tow n~onc;; oi;.nv AT,T. AUt.fl flt.av· 
nponyoUlltvc...x; n 11cvaA.~cpn ttvn OUllll&'t.oxfl oc cpopta £KllC't.6AAcuonc;; 
Kl.vn't.W Cnl.KOiVC&JVl.Wv ot.ic;; Hl1A. 
Tptxouoa npootvvion ot.ic;; unnpcoic~ npocx.J111KQv- cn1Eo1vwv1Qv-
Avt.avaKAWY't.ac;; t.nv npoo£vvicn nou aKoAou9fl9nKc via t.a avC1AoviK6 
KU1fCAoci6fl ouot.flµat.a, n FCC Kat.axWpnoc q>6oµa via PCS ~aoi.~6pcvn 
oc 6ia1pcon t.wv HnA cc 51 Kupiec; EpnoP.iK£c;; ncpioxtc;; (MTA) Kai 
492 Baou:tc;; EpnopiKtc;; Ilcpi.oxtc;; (BTA9). AVt.i via aUt.6pat.n 
Kat.ax~non t6opat.oc;; oc npovopoioU>touc;;, fl xpflon ouot.flpat.oc;; 
KAflpwonc;;, t.O t6cpa 0a t.C0ci OC nACl.Ot.npiaop6 p£oa O"C.O 1994. Oi 
uq>iot.opcvoi q>opcic;; cKpct.OAAcucnc;; K\11f&Aoci&;w ouot.np6t.C&JV pnopoUv 
va 6iavwvic't.oUv via 66cicc;; t{t.J an6 t.ic;; uq>iot.apcvcc;; ncpioxtc;; 
t.ouc;;, fl Vl.a ncpi.oxtc;; 6nou 01. Uq>l.Ot.OllCVC<; KU1fCAoc16cic;; unnpcoicc;; 
6cv c~unnpct.oUv ncpico6t.cpo an6 t.o 10% t.ou nAn8uo11ou t.nc;; 
ncpioxflc;; c~unnptt.nonc; PCS. MnopoUv cnionc;; va 6iayC&JVl.O"C.OUv via 
ptxpi 10 MHz q>6opa ptoa ot.ic;; Uq>l.o't.Oiicvcc;; ncpioxtc;; unnpcoiac;; 
t.ouc;;. Oi K6t.oxoi a6ciac;; PCS ea cni 't.ptnct.ai va 011ooonoi.00v 't.o 
q>6011a nou t.ouc;; txci Kat.axwpn0ci, aAA' 6xi va Ka't.txouv q>6opa 
ncpioo6't.cpo an6 40 MHz o' onoia6flnot.c ouyKcKpiµtvn ncpioxfl. 
Oi K6t.oxoi a6ciac;; PCS civai cAcu9cpoi va cni.At~ouv 't.a np6t.una 
µc t.a onoia ea Acit.oupvfloouv. Onc...x; pc t.ouc;; uq>io't.a11cvouc;; q>opcic;; 
KU1f£Aoci&:N ouct.npot.wv, ·n ~ioµnxavia civai xwpioptvn pc't.a~l) 
unoot.npl.Kt.Wv t.nc;; t.cxvi.Kflc;; TDMA Kai £Kcivwv nou unoo't.npitouv t.nv 
't.CXVl.Kfl CDMA. Eivai cv6cx6pcvo va cpq>aviot.oUv napa6ciypat.a Kai 
an6 t.ic;; 6l)o t.cxvoAovicc; ncpiAap~avoptvnc;; Kai t.nc;; DCS 1800 nou 
potpxc't.al. an6 't.O np6t.uno GSM. 
H av6nt.u~n 6opuq>opiKW\r npoowniKW\r cn1Koivwv16Jv ot.ic;; HnA np£nci 
va l.6<.>0£1 µ£ca an6 t.O VCVl.K6 nAaioio t.WV Kl. vnt.6'v 6opuq>Opl.K6'v 
unnpcoi6Jv Kai t.nv anouoia cv6c;; navopoonov6iaKol) cnivciou 
61.K't.uou. Ee o\l"yKpion pc t.nv Eupc;rm fl t.nv Ianwvia, unapxouv noAl) 
ncpioo6t.cpcc;; ncpioxtc;; ct.ic;; HnA 6nou o api9µ6c;; t.wv ouv6poµnt.W\r 
civai avcnapicflc;; via va 61Ka10Aovci t.nv av6nt.u~n cnivciou 
ouot.flpat.oc;; Kai 6nou tva Kl.vnt.6 6opuq>opiK6 cuot.npa civai n µ6vn 
KQ"C.QAAnAn Kl.vnt.fl "C.CXVOAOVia. 
9 Jt68c Jt'l)p1a lpnoputl ncpi.ox6 ea txu 6'1)0 xcnaxwpa\ou~ a6da~ 'tWV 30 MHz. Jt68c Baouli 
Epnop1x6 ncp1oxtl ea txci pia xa'taxwpnon a6c1ac: 'twv 20 MHz xai 'ttooc_pci~ xcnaxwplioc1c: 
a6c1a~ 'tWV 10 MHz. ea un6pxouv ouvoA1x6 ncp1oo6'tcpc~ an6 2500 1tcnaxwplioc1~ a6c1a~. 01 
MTA JtQ1 01 BTA, DOU op!O'tDJCQV apxu6 an6 'tDV Rand McNally, 6cv civa1 161£~ pc 'tl.C: 
Mn'tpoDOAl. 'tl.xtc: XQ1 Aypo't1Xt~ Z'ta'tl.O'tl.Xtc: Dcp1oxtc: DOU opiO'tnxav via 'tDV avaAoy11tli 
&uy£Aoc161t unnpcoia. 6p~, 01 MTA &aA'l)n'touv vcvu6 ao'tl.Jtt~ ncp1oxtc: 1ta1 01 BTA 
aypo't1xt~ ucp1oxtc:. 
188 
.. ·;,:, 
10. 01. KUpl.6'tcpcc; c~cAi~ci~ at.1<; HllA (rt.av n anovol"'t pl.~ povon'-'>"" 
Al.OKl'l~ 66£1.Q<; O'tQ 11too tnc; ~cKact.1~ 'tOU 80 Vl.Q tvo VC<t.lO'tQ'tU:6 
ollotnµa Kai np6ocpa"ta oi bi6cpopc~ n~oOouA.f.c~ oc 6, ·u QfOpQ 
t.ou~ ~opv<p6pou~ xap.nMc; ynlvn<; t.pox16<; (LB0•). Zt.a ptoa t.n~ 
&f:Kaet.ia~ tou 80, n rec oupntpcwe 6't1 n oyop6 t.wv 1ilJA acv dtav 
apitci;.4 µcy6hn Vl.a va unoot.npi~c1 ncp1oo6tepou~ an6 t.vqv 
KQ'tOXOUC: 66£1.0<; Vl.O VCW.Ot.Qtl.Kt~ uvn'tt~ 6opwt09l.K¢~ unnpeoie~. 
AnOfpQol.OC f6l 6Aol. OJ,. Ql.t.OUvtC~ 8a tnpcne VO 1'Qv0\1V tVQ ltQVoOp .... 
'tl.O CAMSC ) KQJ. 6"tl. Ocv ea tnpcnc VQ ACl."tOUp'll\OOUV Ql\AQ 
OUO't.ft),lQt.Q Otl.<; HIJA via CtQpJ.l.OVtc: Kl.Vftt.il~ ~010( ~n~ KCU 
acpovauiadc;. Mc <iA.Aa A6via. o lNMARSAT txci ano1:Acioi;.c1 on6 
'tnv napoxrt c~cpix:w unnpco.u.N ot.nv avopa t.c.N IUlA.. H .NCSC 
~cd.vnoc )}.lQ unnpcoia prl~'tW 6c&olJ,tVWV' · t.O 1992 KQ.l. 8a 
CK't.O~C\)OCl. t.OV n¢'to t.nc; ~OpUf6po 'tO 1194. 
Avavcwptvo ~vaiaptpov ot.nv ayopa n~l.K~ cnixoivwv1'1v 
609u90pu!\c; ~oon~, Onp.1oupyr\8n1tc Ql10 vtcc; npo't6ocic; Vl.Q iin 
ycc.x:>t.at.l.Kt<; t.poxit~. Ol. CUt.~OCl~ avaptVC'tQl. VQ civcu. .'t6oo VlO 
f<.M\'t.U:O ("p.cyQAol. LEOa") 6oo lCQl. Vl.Q ~ ~'tl.K6 (}:lUpo-t LIC)s) 
ovo'tl'l);.la'to. Ta ouot.n11at.a au'ta n~oOY't.01 on6 t.nv .:a'toouuaot.u:J\ 
jh.opnxavia t.wv HM. nou avatnt6 vtc~ ayopt~, t.cilpQ nou n ~flt.non 
via O'tpcl'tlW'tlKtc; e~oppovtc; civai t81vouoo.. H lt~~pvnon tWV HllA 
~ianpavµa'tc\ltmcc p.tcx.> t.nc; 0QVK6oµ.i~ Al.ol.Kn'tl.~I:\~ A16o1e:cwn~ 
Pa61ocn1Ko1vwv1c,;,v t.ou 1992, 1fARC 1992, (~tnc Oap6pt.npo B via 
nc:pioo6i:.cpcc; Acnt.01:1tpc1cc;) ouxv6t.nu:~ oc nQVtC6o11ia d.ip01Ca vi 
au-ttc; t.lc; Kl. vn'tt~ 6opu<popu:tc; unnpcoie~. Mc't6 t.nv c~~i.on 
p.iac; 'ttt.oiac; ouµ«p<tJViac;, 6pxioc p.ia l>l.&pyaoio oUvt.a~nc; ttav6Vfl.W 
).ltoc.> ~ianpav11at.c\)occ.J\T un6 'tnv aivi~ tn~ rec n onoia 
cv6cxo1:1¢vwc; ea Ka'ta.Art~ci ot.nv anovopl\ pi~ ~ ncpiooot.tpwv 
a6cit:>v v1a t.nv CKP,Ct.6.llcuon t.<.JV unnpeoiw aUt.w. 
Ynapxouv ncpioo6t.cpoi an6 5 cut.oll'v'tcc; via ·1:1cv6.Aou~ LIO•" Kai 3 
vi.a 111.u.tcpol.)c; LEOa". OJ. npot.6ocic; via "C.nv nopoxl\ navtc601.u.c.w 
unnpcoJ.C:W ncpiAaµ~6vouv npoyp6ppat.o ~ t.o I~idiua t.nc; 
Moto~ola, t.o Global Star t.n~ Loral KQl. t.o Ody•••Y· Oapoptvci 
Qfit~io 6p.~ t.o n6oa ouot.nJilat.a pnopci va vnocn:.npi~u. n ayop6 
lCCU 'tO 61a&to1po fOOpa. 
H noA1't1Kn 'twv HllA 6ia'tnpnon~ cOC,,Jt.cpitcou povo~iou via Klvn'tt~ 
unnpcoic~ 6opu,opiKrt~ ~aon~ taivc'tal vo o'tnpi~c'tal. oc 
8c<a>poupcvn 6c0oµ~vn tllci'lfll ouxvo'tl\'tt.JV ital. oe: ptt.pie~ 
6UVQ't6'tn'tc~ 'tn~ avopo~. Au'tn (n noAi'tiKn) &Q cpciv6tav 6t.1 civai 
oe aVt.i9eon ~e 'tl' 61a61tcooicc; nou dpxioov np6ofa'ta Vl.Q 
6ltUQVOVlOpo\)<; ®eio66t.non<; Vl.Q 6oputOpl.d~ lCI O'tOV C:owtCpllCfi 
ayopO.. H npootvvion t.f.t.N HflA taivc't<U. v' ovatn'ta ano'tcAcopo'tlK6 
tAcyxo nayic6op1wv KlVn't'1v Oopu9op1~c1Jv cnixcipl'loct.JV, c~ xAeivc1 
'tnv tC.JtiKn cowt.cpi~rt avop6 oe ttvou~ ovtavwv1o'tt~. 
MISC. t .a..ric•n Mobile satellite corporcation. 01 xup1cncpo1 pt'to. x.01 ctva1 01 Huqb.ea 
~1cat1Qn• Inc:;. Mc:Caw Cal.lulu· eo.uaioation• lac, ~01 Mobil• Telecomunication• 
hc:bnol09Y Corp. 01 'tpeic; po~t xa'ttxovv uc,pinov 'to tOt iwv pn~. 
1'7 
2. EBEAISEIE ETHN IADQNIA 
2.1 Taocic; t.nc; t.cxvoAoyiac; Kai t.nc; ayop6c; 
H Ianwvia nt.av n npc.Jtn xWpa nou a6eio66t.noe avaAoyiKn 
K\1'!f£Aoei6n unnpeoia. H Nippon Teleqraph ' Telephone Corporation 
(NTT), ,o eo<Jtepu:6c; µovonc.lhiaK6c; cpoptac;, apxioe t.nv unnpcoia 
t.nc;: t.O 1979. H au~non t.WV ouv6pop.nt.GN nt.av µft.pl.a Kat.a t.l.<; 
apxtc; icai t.a µtoa t.nc; 6cicact.iac; t.ou 1980, aAAa cnnax\N9nKc 
pct.a an6 icavoviot.iictc; aAAavtc; nou cvowpat.<.:>emc:av ot.ov Ianwv1K6 
TnAcniicoi vwviaK6 Enixeipnµau.ic6 N6po t.ou 1985. AUt.6 cntt.pcyc 
t.nv cioo6o ot.nv ayopa vtwv KoivC:,V cpoptwv cKµct.OAAcuonc;: ot.a9c~ 
cvouppat.WV 61.Kt.UWV, Kl.Vnt.GJv K\1llCAOcl.&Jv 61.Kt.UWV Kal. 61.Kt.UWV 
t.nAcci6onoinonc;. Evac; µcyQAoc; api9µ6c; vtwv, av Kai ouxva 
ouv6c6cµtvwv cµnopiicQ, cpoptwv µnnKe ot.nv ayopQ. 
H NTT napaµtvci o µcyaAUt.cpoc; napoxtac; unnpcoi.C:,V icivnt.C:,V 
cniicoivwviC.:W. Ynnpxav 1.7 cKat.oµµupia ouv6poµnt.C.:W K\1'!f&Aoci6ouc; 
icivnt.nc; t.nAccpwviac; ct.a µtoa t.ou 1993 Kai ncpinou 40% t.nc; ayopac; 
aU"tnc; icat.txct.ai an6 vtouc; cpopcic;. Eva nap6µoio oxnµa µnopei va 
6ci icaveic; ot.nv ayopa T.nc; t.nAcci6onoinonc;. To Eent.tµ~pio t.ou 
1992 unnpxav OT.nV Ianwvia 6.3 £Kat.opµupia ouv6popnt.tc; t.nA££l.6o­
noinonc;. Kai ot.ic; 47 6101icnT.J.Ktc;. nepioxtc; (voµooc;) unl\pxav 
t.ouAaxioT.ov 6uo avt.aywviot.i.Koi cpopeic; t.nAeei6onoinonc; µe t.o 36% 
t.nc;: ayopac;: icat.ex6µevo an6 vtouc; cpopcic;:. 
Et.nv Ianwviicn ayopa icupiapxollv t.pcic; 6µ1Ao1 icivnt.GJv 
cnl.KOl.VWVJ.C.:W: n NTT, n IDO Kal. n DDI. Xpnoiµonol.OUv 6uo 
avaAoyiica K\1'!f£Aoc16n np6T.una (N-MATS icai JTACS) t.a onoia 
Acit.oupyo'Ov oT.1<; ~C:Wcc; ouxvot.nt.wv 800 Kai 900 MHz • 
• 
• 
• H 9uyat.pl.Kn T.n<; . NTT yia t.l.<; Kl. vnT.t<; £nl.KOl. Vc.JVicc;, NTT 
DoCoMo, a6eio6ot.n0nicc oe 9 ei6iictc; nepioxtc; t.nc; Ianc.JViac; 
nou t6woav o' auT.nv T.o eµnopiic6 nAcovticT.npa t.nc; de facto 
ceviicl\c; KaA\J1ilI1<;;. Eicµct.aAAcucT.al. tva ouoT.npa N-MATS nou 
napeoxten an6 t.n Motorola, t.o onoio txci cncKt.civei t.n 
xwpnt.11t6T.nT.a t.ou nponyouµcvou ouot.l\pat.oc; t.nc; NTT • 
OKt.~ ncpicpcpciaicoi cpopcic; cicµct.OAAcuonc; icivnt.c,;,v unnpcoi.C.:W 
nou avnicouv ot.nv DOI (Daini Denden Inc), aVT.aVc.JVi~oV'tal. 
µc T.nv NTT oc ncpioxtc; cict.6c; T6icuo Kai Chubu 
xpnoiµonoic.:wt.ac;; ouot.npat.a JTACS • 
Ilepicpcpciaicoi cpopcic; cicµet.OAAcuonc; icivnt.C.:W unnpcoiC:W nou 
avnicouv ot.nv IDO (Nippon Idou Tauahin Corporation) 
avt.ayc.JVi~ovt.al. ot.ic; ncpioxtc; t.ou T6Kuo icai Chubu µc 
ouot.l\µat.a MATS Kal. JTACS. 
H IDO icai n DDI uncypaqrav t.o 1991 ouµcpc.JVia ncpiavc.lVl'lc; via T.a 
OUOT.npat.6 T.OU<; JTACS, aAAa n T.l.poAoyiOKI\ 60µ1\ t.ouc; ouvcnaycT.al. 
6T.l. oi ouv6popnT.£<;; nou xpeia~oV'tal. c9viicl\ icQA.uyn civai 
cv6cx6µcvo va xpnoiµonoio'liv t.nv NTT. Aµeon 6iao\l'v6eon t.WV 
61.KT.Uc.JV aut.C.:W cnp6iccl.T.o va cni t.panci an6 t.o 1993. Aut.6 ea 
nptnci va µcioon T.O ic6oT.oc; 6iao'liv6col\c; t.ouc; icai va cni T.ptqrci 
t.ic; µcioocic; t.wv t.iµoAoyiwv. 
use 
u E'tnv IanCJVia ocpciAci:.ai ncpinou 'to 40t 'tnc; xuwcAoc16o~~ 
cyica'taai:.nptvn~ ~aon~ oi:.nv ncpioxn Aoiac;/E1pnv1xo~, aAA6 01 
apiSµoi i:.<JV ouv6poµni:.<Jv au~avovtai oflµcpa ni.6 apy6 an' 6'tl. oe 
QA.Ac~ ceviKf<; ayopt~. Ev i:.o&toi~, txouv a6f:io6o'tn8si 6'1)o 
np6o9ci:.a 1COV06'tpU.Q -n Tu-Ka lCQl. n Di9ital Phone -via va 
naptxouv ncpifcpciaico ic\PfcAoci.6~ &iic'tua xpnoiponoiW\rtac; lflltJ.aKil 
't£XVOAoyia. AU't6 Sa cvtcivci 'tOV avt.QVW1.0p6 atnv ayopQ 11£ 
ouvcn01C6Aou8n au~non ouv6poJ:lfl'tWv. M£ 'tnv ciU~non 'tOU api.9po~ u.N 
cpoptwv cicpci:.QAAcuon~ icai i:.wv ouv&popn'tW'V. o avtCJVWVl.0):16~ cn.nv 
IanCtN!a pe:ic.JOc 6paµa'tl.ic6 i:.1~ 'tl.p.t~ ·cc.w u.vn'tw unnpcoi.<N, 
npo1t:6Acoc 'tnv cioaywyfl vt"1V unnpcoi.w KQl. npo16vt<N Kai Ql)~noc 
'tn oi:.69pn 't<aJV cncv6uoc(AJV atov 'toptall. 
2. 2 a.ia6u:aob:~ a6€i.o66i:.non~ ltaJ. cn1AoyA~ 
On~ s:ai oc OAAc<; c1ef:h.oµnxav1oµtvc~ xe,;,pe<;, n lan<Nia 
avtiiu:'tcmitci tlleiqm pa6i.oouxvo'tni:.wv n onoia ncpiop1tci 'tnv, 
cntx'taon 't<..JV u,ioi:.aµtvwv 5:u:i:.uwv. To Ynoupycio Taxu&popeic.JV cai 
Tl1Acn1ico1vwv1<.:>v (MPT) avt.anoicpivci:.ai cv8appllvovta~ 'tou~ 90Pcic; 
c1q1ct.6AJu;uon<; va µct.antoouv oe nAl\p.>c; 'fh9l.CllCtc; 'tcxvoAoyicc;. Oi 
onµcpivoi fOPcic; avaAoyiicfi/v icuy&Aoci&:Jv oucnnpd'twv txouv &;Joci. 
cv6t:i~Cl.<; 6t.l. 8a av~a9piOOUV 'ta 6!1tt.UO 'tOU<; yi.a 'J!?l(j>l.OlCf<; 
Ac;noupyicc;. To MPT fX&l. Ka'tax(alpilocl. np6o9ct.a 1eav6Al.a via 'tl.c; 
lfll9J.QKfc; unnpe:oitc; t.<N cpopt<N aui:.w an6 'tl.<; l1ll xpnoiponoinp.fvcc; 
ncp1oxtc; 'tnc; t<Nnc; i:.~ 800 MHz. Ntcc; 66ci.ec; txouv KcnaKupw&ei 
oi:.ov 6p1Ao Tu-Ka (nou avfucci 1eupi~ ot.nv DDI .cai. tnv Niaaan} 
Kal. ot.nv Digital Phone Group (nou &icu&\l'vet.ai. an6 'tnv Japan 
Telecom, an6 KOl. vou pc ~tvn O\Jl.lPC'tOXn) Vl.Q napoxn ¥1\91.aKW 
unnpE:oiw O"tn t'1vn t.CtJV l. 5 GHz. H NTT ~cdvnoc 'tnv \fl19l.aJCn 'tnc; 
unnpcoia oi:.ouc; 800 MHz to 1993. Oi avt.aytaJViatt~ 9a apxioouv va 
.Ac1t.oupyoU'V 'tO 1994. 
Mtxpi oflpcpa 'to Ka9eO'tcjc; a6c1066t.nonc; via vcoc1ocpx6pcvouc; txci 
ncpiopio'tci p6vo oc ncpi.q>cpc101Cn c1eµ~6A.Acuon. Eup\h.cpn ic:6A\J1fll 
txci c~aoq>aAl.o'tci pt<Xt.> ouvcvt:loc<N nou txouv Aci.'toupyfioci npoc; 
6cpcAoc; 'tnc; NTT. Ka0Wc; n ayop6 c.JPl.1:16tci, o nepiopiop6c; aut.6c; 
civai cv6cx6pe:vo va ap&ci ~cAt.i~vt.~, t'tOJ., 'tnv civnt.iic6'tnt.a 
oc c8viicfl ic.AipCllta. 
NE: t.n µcyQAn COW'tCpl.Kfl i:.nc; ayopa lCQl. 't.n onpavtl.Kfl t.CXVOAOVl.KJ\ 
t.nc; cpnci.poyvwoia n Iant.JVia txci. nOpt:i 'tnv noAl.u.xfl an690on v' 
QVQn't~~Cl. tva anOKACl.Ot.l.K6 c8Vl.K6 lfll91.aK6 1tuycAoc1&tc; np6'tuno. 
BpioKovtai ortµcpa Ka0' o66v cpyaoicc; av6nt.u~nc; i:.piC:W 't\ln<i.Jv vtou 
'f119l.tutou ouo'tflµai:.oc; ot.n !Qll(Nia. Oi. t.Unoi Qut.Oi civai: 
• 
• To ouot.npa Opooc.>rll.IC:ou EU'xpnot.ou TnAc¢vou (PHP) ic:ai 
BAalc me· ·eon.un1cations in Japan 1993 •, Acvx6 Bi~ 'tOV ICIDWVllo1) Yuov_pyciou 
Tcav&popciwv ltQl. TnA£Dl.lt01VWVWV. 
189 
-,; -' 
• To Kl.vnt.6 6opucpop1K6 ouot.nµa N-star, nou npo~Atne:t.ai va 
t.e:0d oe: nMipn unnpe:oia t.o 1995. 
Mia apxiKfl npo61aypacpfl t.ou PDC avantmc9mce: an6 t.nv TcxviKfl 
0µ66a t.wv IanwvuW-v cpop£wv nvnt.Wv unnpcoiW-v t.o 1991. Me:t.6 an6 
616cpope:c;; t.pononoifloe:ic;;, t.a np6t.una av-t6 e:np6Ke:it.o va ne:paoouv 
an6 t.Chl.Kfl £yicpion t.OV No£µ~pl.O t.OU 1993 KQ1 ea u108e:t.n80U'v 1CQ1 
an6 t.ouc;; s·cpope:i~ e:icµe:t.OAAe:uon~. To ouot.nµa ea xpnoiµonoie:i 600 
tW"Ve:c;; ouxvot.flt.wv: 800 MHz Kai 1.5 GHz icai e:iva1 oxe:61aoµtvo va 
OUVUnOpXCl. µe: t.O U<pl.Ot.OpCVO avaA.oyl.K6 OUO'tnpa. Ilapaµtve:l. un6 
avanT.u~n 6oov acpopa t.n xwpnt.iic6t.n-r.a icai t.1~ unnpcoie:c;;. Evac;; 
aA.y6p18µoc;; nµippu0µnc;; Kw61icoanoic<AX51iconoinon~ ~pioice:-r.ai ot.o 
o-r.6610 t.nc;; nponapaoice:uflc;; icai c~e:t.atc-r.a1 n e:vonoinon µc t.a 
e:9Vl.KO oxt61a yia t.nv npOOWI'll.Kfl ap18µ066-r.non. 
H Ianwviicfl npoo£yyion o-r.ic;; npoown1K£c;; e:nu::oivwvie:c;; ~aoite:t.ai 
ot.o np6t.uno t.ou ouot.flµat.oc;; t.wv Ilpo0WI11K<Jv Emcpnot.wv TnAe:cp<Jvwv 
(PHP). Ta ouot.flµat.a aut.6 ea nptnci va e:ivai noAu cpenv6t.e:pa an6 
t.i~ KUlJ.le:Aoe:16e:ic;; unnpe:oie:c;; nou ~aoitov-r.ai ot.a PDC icai txouv 
ncp1006t.e:pa icoi va onµe:ia µc t.nv tvvoia t.ou aµq>i~poµou 
t.nAe:ot.a0µou. ea xpnoiµono100v ot.a9µou~ ~aonc;; xaµnAl'lc; ioxoo~ Kai 
xe:ipoouoice:u£c;; icai ~e:v ea nap£xouv a~i6Konn µe:t.anoµnfl. Oi a~e:1e:~ 
ea xopnyneo0v ot.n ~wvn t.wv 1.9 GHz. H unnpe:oia ea npo0q>£pe:1 µia 
vfloia aoupµat.n e:vaAAOK'tl.Kfl Auon Ot.OV onµcpiv6 t.oniK6 ~p6xo Kal. 
napouoia~e:i onµavt.1K6 e:v6iaq>tpov ot.ou~ av-r.aywv1ot.t~ t.wv ne:p1q>e:­
pe:10KW'1 e:awt.e:piKW°V ot.aee:pc.Jv e:voupµat.c.w ouot.nµat.wv t.nc; NTT. 
3. EBEAIBEIE ETHN IlEPIOXH TOY EIPHNIKOY KAI THN Al:IA EKTOE THE 
IADONIAE 
Onwc; n Eupc.Jnn Kai 01 HilA, n ne:pioxfl Aoiac;;/E1pnv1Kou 61tpxe:t.a1 
µia ne:pio6o £icpn~nc;; t.wv icivnt.<Jv unnpe:oi<Jv nou cnJ\Aee: an6 ye:viicfl 
Ol.KOVOµJ.Kfl 6vo6o Kal. an6 t.nV ava6e:i~n 't.OU Kl.VIl'tOU t.nACfPWvOU <.Jc; 
ouµ~6Aou npoowruicflc;; oiicovoµiKflc; e:ni t.uxiac;;. Et.nv apxfl t.ou 1993 
unflpxav ne:pinou 2. 4 e:Kat.oµµupia ouv6poµnt.tc;; KUlJ.le:Aoe:i6Wv 
ouo-r.nµat.wv ot.nv ne:pioxfl -µia au~non 67% we; npoc;; t.o 1992. H 
~flt.non KUlJ.le:Aoe:i6ouc;; t.nAe:cpwviac;; wee:it.ai an6 oxe:t.1Ka e:unopouc;; 
xpflot.cc;; nou c6pcuouv oc aot.iica ictv-r.pa. Ee x~e:c; µc µn 
ave:nt.uyµtva ot.a0cpa 6iict.ua, n KUlJ.ICAoc16flc;; t.nAe:q>wvia naptxe:i tva 
ano6ot.1K6 6iict.uo e:niic6AUlJ.lnc;; nou ouv6te:1 ouyice:vt.pwµtvcc;; 
cµnopiKtc;; Koivwvicc;; icai npo0q>tpe:1 a~16n1ot.n 61e:evn np6o~aon. 
Oi au~flocic;; ot.n xpflon KUlJ.lcAoc16Wv cn1ico1vwv1C:W flt.av nap6AhnAcc;; 
µe: t.nv au~non t.WV ouot.nµat.wv t.nAce:i6onoinonc;;. H t.nAe:ci6onoinon 
txci t.cpaot.ia e:ni t.uxia ot.nv ncpioxfl Aoiac;;-EipnviKou. Ynapxci 
cupe:ia ano6oxfl t.nc;; t.cxvoAoyiac;; ot.ic;; ayoptc;; Aoiac;;-E1pnv1Kou 6nou 
n t.nAe:ci6onoinon xpno1µono1cit.a1 cuptwc; an6 icat.avaA.wt.tc; ica0Wc;; 
KQl. yia cn1xe:1pnµat.l.KOU<;; OKOnouc;;. OJ. q>opcic;; e:Kµct.aAhcuonc;; KQJ. 
01 icat.aoKe:uaot.tc;; avt.anoKp10nKav npow9<Jv'tac;; ot.nv ayopa tva napa 
noAu cupu cpaoµa t.unwv Kai Acit.oupyiC:W t.nAe:e:16onoinonc;;. Oi 
unnpcoicc;; npoot.10£µcvnc;; a~iac;; Kai 01 npoµn0e:ut.£c;; 
nollanAaoiaot.mcav t.pocpo6ot.C:Wt.ac;; ne:pai -r.tpw -r.nv a\l'~non t.nc;; 
ayopac;;. 
170 
H unnpcoia t.nAcot.a9µWv anct.tAcoc µia cnit.uxia oi:o Hon9 Kon9 Kai 
i:n El vvanoupn 6nou µcyOA.c<; nAn8U~l.adc; n\1KV6'tnu:c; cm. 'tptnouv 
OUOlQO'tl.lCQ 100% ic:6Auyn µc OXC'tl.KO xapnA6 ic:6ot.oc;. 01. xapnAt~ 
t.iµtc; ica1 01 n0Ait.1ot.1icoi napayoVt.e<; tn01.~av onpavt1K6 p6Ao. H 
µcyaA.n 61cio6uon 6cict.W\T t.nAcc16onoinonc; cv0app'Ovc1 t.nv ano6oxn 
t.nc; t.cxvoAoyiac; t.nACot.a0µc.Jv nou npooq>tpci p6vov c~cpx6µcvec; 
KAnocic;. npooavat.0A10µ6c; oc 6nµ6o1cc; µct.aq>optc;/nctouc; onµaivc1 
6t.1 n u1oett.non t.nc; unnpcoiac; 6cv ncpiopiCct.OJ. an6 t.nv tA.Acl.'!'ll 
iic:av6t.nt.ac; µct.anoµnnc;. 
01. xt:lpcc; t.nc; ncp1oxnc; Aoiac;/E1pnv1Kou txouv 10t.op1Ka c1oay6yc1 
t.cxvoAoyicc; an6 t.o c~wu:piic6 via va. s:aA\)youv 'tl.<; avayitc<; t.c.JV 
Kl. vnt.C:W cn1icoi VrNVl.C:.W t.ouc;. r i.a t.nv cn6µa::vn ycvia ouat.nµat.w 
noAAtc; XQpC<; t.n~ Aoiac;-EipnVl.KOU txouv u108ct.~O&l., n OKtnt.OVt.Ql 
va uio0ct.noouv t.Wpa, t.nv "lllfl.OKn K\1'l'E:Aoci6n l:.cxvoAoyia. Ka0Wc; n 
ncp1oxn civai onµcpa Aiy6t.cpo ouvcitt.iic:n 01Kovoµ1K6 an6 t.n 
B6pcia Aµcpiicn n t.nv EupWrin, 6cv unapxci nicon Nan6 navw npoc; 
t.a lCQ't(,.)11 yia t.n 6nµioupyia Ol:J.Ol.6µoppou npot.Un0\1 yi.a t.nV 
·ncpioxn. 
Oi q>opcic; cicµcl:.OAAcuonc; napouo1at0Vl:.a1 µc t.pcic; avr.aywv1ot.1Kt<; 
l!fllq>l.OKC<; KUWCAOCl.6cic; l:.CXVOAoyicc;: To Eupc.xla1K6 GSM, t.O 
Bopcioaµcpiicavir.:6 usoc icai l:.O PDC an6 t.nv Ianc.wia. EvW, oc 
opi.oµtvcc; xWpcc; txci cniAcye:i tva µovooiic6 np61:.uno, op1oµtvcc; 
icu~cpvnoeic; npot.iµnoav µ1a 61nA!\ npootyyion. u106c't<Jvt.ac; t.o GSM 
O't.n tC:Wn 900 MHz KOl. t.o USDC ot.n ~c.Nn 't.c..JV 800 MHz. fipoc; t.o 
nap6v t.o GSM civai n nAtov anµe><piAnc; cn1Aovn via vta ouot.nµat.a. 
H ncpioxn napouoia~ei tva cupu cpaoµa icavoviou.ic:c.Jv 6oµc.N an6 tov 
uyin av"tayc.wioµ6 ot.o Hong Kong we; i:n ouvcx1t6pcvn p.ovonc..iAiOKn 
napoxn otnv Taiwan. 01 ayoptc; cnionc; txouv ctcpoycvn xapaKt.npa, 
icuµa1v6µevec; an6 t.ic; noAu avcnt.uyptvcc; 01icovoµic<; tn<; 
Auo"tpaAiac; ic:ai t.ou Hong Kong we; t.l.<; vcocµq>avit6µcvcc; ayoptc; t.nc; 
Kivac; Kai t.ou Bi.cl:.v6µ. 
H Auot.p<lhia civai onµcpa n µcyaA&tcpn ayopa Kl7\1cAoc1&;w 
ouot.nµ6t.rNV ot.nv ncpioxn µc ncpioo6t.cpouc; an6 µio6 cic:at.oµµupio 
ouv6poµnt.tc;. H au~non l:.nc; ayopac; txei o6nyn9ci an6 i:.nv cni9uµia 
i:.ou uynA6 ao"tu:onoinµtvou icai npooavat.ohioµtvou npoc; i:.o 
aui:.oic:ivnt.o nAn0uoµou va ayic:aAi6oci t.nv t.cxvoAoyia t.CAJV ic:ivnt.c.N 
cni.Koi.vc.w1W\T. Ynapxouv t.pcic; cpopcic; cicµct.OAAcuonc; nou civai 
ic:at.oxoi a!>ciac;: n Telecom Australia, n Optua 1tal. n Vodafone 
Pty. OAOl. ea Ul.00ct.noouv t.nv t.CXVOAoyia t.OU GSM KQl. aut.6 t.O 
•t.pl.-O~l.ON 00 0\JVCXfOCl. Va Ucpiot.at.Ql. J:lEXpl. t.0 1997. ria ClCCiVO 
t.ov xp6vo n Ku~tpvnon £xci npot.civci t.o nAl'lpcc; avoiyµa tnc; 
ayop6c; Kl. vnt.wv unnpcoi.W\T. 
H KU~tpvnon t.nc; Koptac; CXCl. 6coµcui:.ci yia t.O np61:.uno CDMA t.WV 
HllA oc ouvct.aipioµ6 µc t.nv QualcOUlllll t.rNV Hvc.lptvwv noA1t.c1W\T. o 
onµcp1 v6c; µovonc..iAia1t6c; cpoptac; ic1 vnt.c.N unnpcoi<N Korea Mobile 
Telephone 9a uAonoinoe:i tva ouoi:.nµa CIICA t.o 1994. 0 
oxc6i.al;6µcvoc; 6cu"tcpoc; q>optac; ea nptnci v' oociooot.n0ci O't.a 
µtoa "tou 1994. 
171 
! . 
12 
13 
-----~-H Taiwan e:ivai n 5e:u"t.e:pn µe:yaAou:pn ne:picpepe:pi.CllCl'l avop6 KaJ. 
µati µe: e:Ke:ivn "t.n<; ~iyyanoupnc;, £xe:i £vav µovonfA1Ai.01C6 cpop£a. To 
e:0viK6 K\J\fe:Aoe:i5£c; 5i1C"t.uo £xei "t.c0ci oc Aei"t.oupyia an6 1:.n 
rcvi.Kfl 11ieo0uvon TnAe:nuoivwvi<N (DGT) t.o 1989 µc xpfton t.ou 
npo"t.unou AMPS. E1:.i<; apxcc; "t.ou 1993 'to ucpio't6pcvo l)inuo flt.av 
ptoa o"t.o 3% an6 1:.nv 1:.E:Al.Kfl 1:.ou xwpn1:.J.K61:.n'ta oc ouvl5popn1:.£<; Kal. 
avayvwpio"t.nKe: n av6yKn µe"t.6i3aonc; npoc; £va 'iflcpl.Cl1C6 l)inuo. H 
Kui3£pvnon anocp6oioe: va uAonoifloci Kai 'ta l)oo ouo"t.flµa'ta USDC Kai 
GSM. To USDC 0a e:~aocpaAioe:i cvav avai3a0pioµ£vo l)p6po yia 1:.0 
onµe:pi v6 l5ilc"t.uo AMPS e:vw £va 0001:.nµa GSM ea l5icuKOAOv£l. 1:.nv 
ncpiavwvfl o"t.o £6acpoc; 1:.n<; Kivac;. 
H Kiva µnope:i v' avayvwpiou:i nio µ01Cponp60coµa ~ n 
ncpicpe:pe:iaicfl ayop6 -1CA£J.l5i A6vw 'tOu µe:v£0ouc; 'tnc; Kai 'tnc; 
"t.axeiac; 01Kovoµ1Kflc; av6n1:.u~nc;. E"t.l.<; apxtc; "t.OU 1993 unflpxav 
160.000 Ki.vnl:.oi ouv5poµn"t.£c; o"t.a l5iK1:.ua nou A£l."t.oupyouoav 
1:.0nl.K£<; Kl.VE:~l.KE<; 1:.nA£q>WVl.KE<; e:"t.aipe:ie:c; via Aovapiaoµ6 "t.OU 
Ynoupye:iou Taxu6poµe:iwv Kal. TnAe:nl.KOl.VWVl.C:W (MPT). To MPT 
61e:~6ve:1 60K1µ£c; 1:.0U GSM12 Ilpw"t.onopl.CllCOi npoµn9e:U"t.£c; e:~onAi­
oµou £xouv l)nµioupyfloe:i o'tnv Kiva Koivonpa;ie:c;. 
'· E8EAI8EIE ETHN IlEPIOXH THE MEEOrEIOY, ErrYE ANATOAH, A~PIKH, 
· J\ATINIKH AMEPIKH 
C.1 Ocpioxfl "t.nc; Mcooyciou Kai Eyyoc; Ava"t.oAft 
C.2 E"t.o "t.tAoc; 1:.0U 1991 "t.nAe:n1Ko1vwviOKoi opyavioµoi an6 1:.l.<; xWpe:c; 
1:.0U Euµi3ouAiou Euve:pyaoiac; 1:.0U K6Anou (Gulf Cooperation 
Countries -Gcc13> ouµcpC:Wnoav va uio9e:"t.floouv £va ne:picpe:pe:l.Cl1C6 
6iK"t.uo Kl.Vn"t.wv ouo"t.nµ6i:.wv Kai ouoi:.nµ61:.wv 1:.nAe:e:i6onoinonc; 
xpnoiµonoiC:W'ta<; KOl. v6 np61:.una. To GSM e:ne:A£vn ~ 'tO Kol. v6 
np6i:.uno via 1:.o nav-GCC Kivnt.6 5iKi:.uo Kai oflµe:pa i:.o Ka'tap Kai t.a 
UAE £xouv unoyp6~e:1 ouµ.f36oe:1c; yia i:.nv Ka'taoKe:ufl ouot.nµ6i:.wv GSM. 
AAAe:c; XWpE:<; 'tOU GCC Sa e:1oay6youv OUO'tflµa"t.a GSM µ£xp1 t.o 1995. 
Evac; ap18µ6c; OAAC..N xwp<.Jv o"tn Mton Ava'toAfl e:i'te txouv anocpaoioei 
via tva OUO'tnµa GSM e:i'te: £~£'t6~ouv "t.nV uio0£"tnofl "t.OU. E' QU'tE<; 
ne:p1Aaµ.f36vov'tai: n Ai yunt.oc;, 6nou npovpaµµa"t.1~6'tav va 
npoocpe:p0e:i µia unnpe:oia µ£xpi t.a 'tEAn 'tOU 1993,"t.o Ip6v,n 
Iopl)avia Kai o Ai.f3avoc;. 
Acppufl 
On~ ot.nv Ke:vt.piKn Kai t.nv Ava'toA1Kn Eupc.;nn, 01 Ku,f3epvfloe1c; t.nc; 
Acpp1Kflc; ,f3A£nouv t.a Ku~e:Aoe:i6n ouo'tnµai:.a ~ tvav vpflyopo t.p6no 
KOA\1\Vfl<; avl.lcavonoint.nc; ~n"tnonc; yia "t.nAe:ni.Koi vCJVie:c; oe: ao"t.1K6 
Ktvi:.pa Kai 6nµioupyiac; np6o0e:'t<JV i:.nAenl.KOl.VCJVl.OKC:W eo66<..JV. Oi 
KU\Jf£Aoe:i6e:ic; unnpe:oie:c; npow0o1.1v"t.al. e:nionc; ~ Auon oe: e:AAei~eic; 
H ltiva cpcpav!tcT.al. ~ p.!a an6 'tl.~ T.axuT.a'ta avmnuoo6pcvc~ lt\11f£AO£l.6£1~ ayopt.~ at.ov 
1t6opo. Dapouoi.6te:i. 'to ptyl.O'tO 6uvap1.1t6 yi.a 't.CxvoAoy!c~ GSM CJt't.6~ Eu~~· To MPT 
Clt't.CA£1 601ti.pt.~ 't.OU GSM 0£ 't.p£1.~ cnopx!£~. 
Oi. xc:>p~~ T.OU GCC c!vai. 'tO Mnaxpainv, Kou,Pt.i. 't, Op6v, lta"t6p, taou611tl\ Apo.Pia ital. 'ta 
Hvwptva Apo,P1.1t6 E.1,up6'to (UAE). 
172 
t.n~ avam:u;.nc; t.ou ot.a0cpou 61.ln.uou. Apice'ttc; x~c; t.nc;, B6pci.~ 
Aq>:pl.:ac:flc; c~ct.a~ouv t.nv u.Aonoinon t.ou GSK p6Ja.i.c; QU't.6 uAono1n9.ei 
cn.nv N6"t1a Eu~n. Ta PTT t.n~ AA.yepiac;,. 'tOU ~ou lCQl. t.nc; 
Tuvnoi~ npooptpouv onpe:po unfl?=Oicc; NMl' •5-0 Ol. onoicc; e I 
av~epiot.oliv, ava:Aoya p.c t.n (5.i.a8tol..1Jll xpnpat.o66t.ru:m. 
AAA.er; xc.Jpcc; 'tn~ A<ppunc; c~c"t6touv t.nv ci~ avaAoyl.lCW ~ 
vncp101Cw u vnt.w t.n.Ae:cpwvu:w ~i:n~ 6nou ol\pcpa acv unOf>xci 
.:avtv~ Ev t.out.o.ic;, &7oxoA1cc; xpnp<RoM'.t~, no.Ai. ·u .. xl\ ao't:a&eia 
KaJ. °'cfxu.6'tn'ta. we; npoc; 'tn tn'tnon txouv Ea~cp6oc1 t.ic; 
Kl.vtioci.~ npoc; icuyc.Aoe:i&'i ou.cnnpata. To Kapcpo\l'v ty1ve np6ofpato 
'tO npWto A9piicav1K6 tevoc; nou ~cKivnoc ynctl.QK6 ttuye;A.ociatc; 
croo1:.nl:J.a GSM. 
Zt.nv N6'tl.a Atpp:u:n t.o onµcpiv6 avaJ\oyu::6 u.vnl'.6 o\)OT.npa 
.e~avt.Aei t.ai oe xwpnt.i.ic6'tn'ta KOJ. n K~tpvnon txe:l. e1oavavei t.ov 
OV'taywvi.op6 e::ac:<5ioovt.a<; <500 66cu~ Vl.O 'fllCPl.OXO lU Yn'tO OUC'tnpO't:Q. 
Ka:i 01 <5uo cpopdc; Sa eioav6youv unnpcoie:c; ~aoi.optvc~ O'tnv 
'tE:xvoAoyia GSM. Aq>ou oi t.ptxouoec:; clleiyu.c; ot: avam.utn iccn 
61.cioouon ot.aSe:pou <5-1Kt.uou avtav01CAow npoycvtou:P£c; noA .. u.u:a 
Katcu&uv6µcve:c; cncvaut.iKtc; npot.epcn6't.n-c.cc;, tT.01 Kai "to 8tpa t.n~ 
QVQn'tU'~nc; lt\J\fE:AO£l.<5c:Jv OUatnpQT.fAJV dVQ.1. noAJ..'tl.lCQ «p<>p'tl.Optvo. 
Ettpepa n napoxn KupiC&W u1A.ccp<&>Vuw ouv6tocwv avo 100 Katob'.ouc; 
civai acican.A.6oia ot.ov Ae:l11t6 nAn&UQll6 anl 6u. cnov Kena noAu 
ncpioo6u::po pn AeuK6 nAn8uop6. 
Kat.a "tn <5l.6pKCl.Q t.nc; ae:icact.ia<; 't0\1 1980 lCQl.. O'tl.~ apxt~ 'tD<;. 
6cic0€t.ia~ t.ou 1990, 01 icu~cpwocic; t.nc; Aau.v11tJ\c; Apcpufl~ 
uio8tt.noov µia ot.pat.nyl.K~ 161<.Jtiiconoinonc; Kp<nl.K"'7 .,optc.>V 
'tnAC<pttNia<; µtow 'tnc; aµconc; nt:lAnon~ 'tnc; nACl.OV6t.n'ta<; 'tt.JV J:lC'tOXW 
oc xovo6pt.ia ~tvt.N Kai V't6niwv cncvb\Ttc.Jv. E-c.ovc; vtouc; 
i.6iou:nt.e:c; e:icxwpflemc:av 6J.KOl.~a ouvcxit611cvou p.ovo~iou, 
oupne:p1Aaµ~avoµ£vnc; Kai t.n~ napoxflc; Kl. vm.c.N unnpeoiw icai a\Ttoi 
nptnci. va u:avonoinoouv auo'tnpot)c; o't6xouc; cni66occ.JV Kai e:ncv6u­
oec.w. Evw o 6pcooc; icui3cpvnu .. x6c; tAc~c; cn.ov 'toµta txei 
~ciw&ci, oi puepoi lhcioouonc; icai oi 6y1to1 'tc..JV cncvMocc.JV txo\1V 
autneci 6paµau.ic6. 
H XiAn n'tav n npc;,t.n xWpa nou i6l.(.Jtl.Konoinoe: 'tOV 
t.nAcm.icoivwviaic:6 t.n<; ~pta (t.o 1987) ica1 t.nv aKoAouenoav n 
Apycvt.J.. vfl. t.o M&~ix:6 JC al. n Be:vctoutAa. AA.Ace; OKt.t:> xt:lpcc; t.nc; 
Aat.i viKnc; Apt::pu:nc; e:~ct.atouv 't~ 'tnv 161.CJtl.Konoinon. H 
i6iwt.iKonoinon i:.ou fPOpta napom~ ~aou::w unnpcoi.C:W o6r\vnoc 
cnionc; oc pcy6An a0tnon t.ou Kl.vnt.ou i:.opta. Oi gu~cpvJ\ocic; civcu 
Ju.y6'te:po cni.ppcncic; ot.o va !>txoV't:cu t:ni.xe:ipl\pa-ca cvav't.iov i:.ou 
ovi:.aywvioµou acp' 6t.ou nou.Anoav -ci.~ µci:.oxtc; t.ou~ Kai aui:.6 civcu 
fVO l.OXUpO :ac:ivnt.po Vl.a t.nV au~non t.t..JV cne:v6\)oc<JV OC 
KuycAoci.6cic; unnpcoicc;. 
t't.n 1\at.ivu:n Aµcpix:n 01 npoonu.ictc; y1a t.o GSM civa1 oflpcpa 
ncpiopioptvcc;. Kat.a nap66oon, n 1\au. vi:ac:n AµcpiKI\ unl\p~c ayop6 
VJ.a t.o AMPS KQJ. ~aivct.al. 6t.l. 01. ncp1oo6'tCpol. an6 t.ouc; 
unapxovt.c<; cpopcic; e:icpc'taAAcuonc; K\.JllCAOCl.5W unnpcol.Qv 8a 
173 
cniAt;ouv va µct.a~ouv oc ouot.nµa USDC. Mtpn ot.a onoia t.o oxnµa 
a\Tt6 µnopci va µnv cm.icpat.noci ea civai xc,;,pe::c;: 6nou 
npavµat.onoicit.ai oUvt.oµa a5cio56t.non 5cut.e::pou cpopta. ~uo xc,;,pcc;: 
nou niot.cue::t.ai 6t.i e::~e::t.6~ouv t.nv uio9tt.non t.ou GSM, e::ivai n 
KoAoµ~ia icai n Apve::vt.ivn. 
5. KENTPIKH KAI ANATOAIKH EYPQilH 
5.1 Ol. e::i6ix:t~ 6uvat.6t.n"t£~ KJ.vnt.C:W e::m.KOJ.Vc.JVl.C:W via t.nv 
Ke::VT.piicn x:ai Avat.oAiicn EupQrin 
OJ. xc,;,pe::c;: t.ou nf:>Wnv Eo~ict.iic:ou Euvaoniopou txouv x:Anpovoµnoe::i 
tva e::~aipct.iic6 cpt.wx6 e:ninc5o av6nt.u~n~ t.nc;: uno5oµn~ x:ai n 
avavicn va ~cAt.iw0oUv vpnvopa t.600. n noo6t.nt.a 600 icai n noi6t.nt.a 
t.nc;: t.nAcniicoivwviaicnc; uno6oµnc; txci cupt~ t.cicµnpic.>0ci. Ta 
ouµnt.Wµat.a t.nc;: cpt.wxnc; avant. u~nc;: t.nc;: uno6oµnc;: ne:piAaµ~6vouv: 
xaµnJ..ouc;: api0µouc; icupiwv t.nJ..e:~l.KWv ouv6toe::wv ava 100 icat.oi-
icouc;:, µaicpouc; xp6vouc; avaµovnc; via oUv5e:on icai cpt.wxouc;: pu0µouc;: 
ne::pat.wonc; icAnocwv. 
OJ. t.cxvoAovicc;: icai t.a ouot.nµat.a t.wv ic:ivnt.Wv cniicoivwvl.Wv txouv 
e::i5iictc; 6uva"t6t.nt.e:c;: ot.ic;: xWpc<;: a\Tttc;:. Au"t.6 ~aoil;ct.al. oc 5uo 
napavoVT.e::c;: -icAe:i5i6: 
• 
• t.nv t.axut.nt.a av6nt.u;nc;: icai "tnv cue:Ai~ia napoxnc;: icivn"t.Wv 
unnpe::ol.Wv icai 
"tl.<; 6oµtc; ic6ot.ouc; t.wv ouot.nµ6"twv icivnt.Wv cniicoivwviWv oi 
onoicc;:, o' opioµtve:c;: ne::pio"taocic; icai au~n"tl.K6 ot.o xp6vo, 
0a cnit.pfnouv cp0nv6t.e:pn QVOnt.\J~n O\JO"tnµO"tC.iJV pa6J.O£nJ.­
KOl.VWVl.01Cn<; ~6onc;: napa ot.a&cpc;w cvoupµa"twv ouo"tnµa"twv. 
Ta ouot.nµat.a pa6ioe::m.Koi vwviaicnc; cni "tptnouv aµcon napoxn 
"tnAC~l.KWv ouv5toe::wv oc aot.iictc;: ne::pioxtc;:. OJ. unnpe::oie::c;: aut.tc;: 
e::ivai i6iai"te:pa e:AKuot.iictc;: oe: e:nixe:ipnµa"tiicouc;: xpnot.e:c;: "t.WV 
onoiwv oi npoon68e:ie:c;: e:ivai ~W"tiictc;: via "tn µc"t~aon oe: µia 
oiicovoµia avop6c;: icai oi onoioi e:ivai np60uµoi va nAnpc.OOouv 
au~nµtvcc; "tiµtc;: via tvav ouv6uaoµ6 t.axu"tnt.ac; napoxnc; icai a;io­
nio"tn<;: unnpe::oiac;:, µe: "tnv icivn"tiic6"tnt.a ~ np6o0e:"to 6cpe::Aoc;. 
Ana~ icai t.a Kivnt.6 6iKt.ua t.e:0oU"V oc xpnon, tva noooot.6 t.e.iJV 
npoo0t"twv e::o66wv nou ea npo:acU\youv µnope::! va 6iau:0e::i via 
np6o8e::t.e:c;: cne:v6uocic;; o"tov t.l1Ae::n1:aco1 vwviaic6 t.oµta. To noooo"t.6 
au"t.6. µnope:i va xpnoiµonoin0ci via t.nv unoot.npi~n t.nc; e::ntK"taonc;; 
"tO\J Kl.VOt.OU 6J.K"t.UO\J an6 aot.J.Kt<; OE: avpo"tl.Kt<;: ne::p1oxt<;: n VJ.a "t.OV 
av6nt.u~n t.ou ot.a0e:pou 6iKt.uou. Eni nAtov, oe:: opioµtve:c;: xc,;,pe::c;:, 
66e::ie::c; Kl. vnt.W'V unnpe:oit:>v n<.i>AoUvt.ai oe:: ;tvouc;; cpope::ic;: via t.n 
6nµioupyia oicAnpou ouvaAA6yµa"toc;. 
Iltpa an6 t.nv t.axe::ia e:icnAnpwon "t<.tJV unnpe::oiaicWv avavicc,;,v t.wv 
e::nixe:ipnµat.iict:>v xpno"twv, n t.e::xvoAovia t.WV e::niicoivwvit:Jv 
pa5ioe::niicoivwviaicnc;: ~6onc;: txe:i t.n 5uvat.6t.nt.a va naptxe:i 
cp9nv6"te::pn oUv6e::on o"to 5nµ6oio 5iict.uo an' 6,"tl. µnop~i va e::ivai 
6uva"t6 µe: "tnv ucpio"t6µe:vn o"ta0e::pn e::voupµa"tn "te:xvoAovia. Oi 
174 
cpopcic; t.MCnl.KOl. VWVl.OKO<; c1q1ct.6AAcuonc; ot.nv ltCvtpl.Kfl l.:Ql. 
avat.oAiKn EupWrln lJ.?lOpoll"v vo xpnoi):lonoiollv t.ic; pa61ocn1Kol.VWV"icc; 
via va c~unnpci:o\Jv nc5ivtc; t.onoecoic<; n ncpioxtc; 6nou n 
cvoU'pµai:n np6o~aon civai oxc'tl.Ka ~avnprt. 
H avant.u~n ava),.,oyiKc.Jv KU1i'£Aoci&:Jv t.cxvoAoviQv ot.nv KcV'tpl.Kfl Kai 
Avai:oAiicn Eu~n 6pxioc t.ov Notp~pio t.ou 1990 pc t.nv av6nt.u~n 
t.ou Ol.K'tuou "Wee tel" oc Kupia OO"tl.Ka KtV'tpa i:nc; OUyyapiac;. 
Scic1~a<; pc napoxn unnpcoiac; ot.n Bou6Qnto'tn, i:o ~inuo 
cn&K't06nKc o' QA.Ac<; Kupiec; ndAcic;, t.oupiou.ictc; ncp.ioxtc; Kal. 
ic:a'ta pfucoc; icupic.>V o6u::c.Jv apt.npiw. Oi · ncpioxtc; aU"t.t<; U\f?lM<; 
tnt.non<; VlO Klvn'tt<; unnpcoic<; CiVQl. KpiOl.J:lCC: Vl.O 'tnV QVOn'tU~n 
t.OU t.nAcnJ.KOl.VCJVl.QKQ CVt.O"t.UCOU 'topta unnpCOl.W KOl. Q\Ttd t.O 
oxnpa avant.u~nc; cnovaAap~6vct.ai o' OAA.cc; xWpc~ t.nc; ncpioxnc;. 
ff uAonoinon l5i.Kt. uwv Kl. vnt.C:W t.nAcniicoi VCaJVl.c;,v ot.nv KCV'tpl.KI'& icai 
ava'toAiKn Eup<.:>nn Kai t.n CIS (KoivonoAit.cia Avc~apt.fl'tc.N Kpot.C:,V) 
y! vet.al. t. um.Ka pt ow icoi vonpa~l.Wv ):let.a~ l) cyxc;,p1wv xa1 ~tvwv 
C'tOlplW. H CVX'4>l.a OU·J:lllC'tOX?\ ouvio'tO'tQl. icupic,.x; an6 'ta c9vua 
PTT t.a onoia ouvcio~tpouv oc t.oniKn cpyaoia, xQpouc; via KtV'tpa 
iict.avwvflc; icai o'ta9µouc;: ~6on~ Kai 'ta onoia txouv c~oiicciwon pc 
i:.ic; i:.oniKtc;: ouv0nKc~. Oi ~tvoi fopcic; ouvciocptpouv o~ iccq>QAaia 
Kai c~ci5iicc\1]:ltvn u::xvu:n icai avopaA.iviicn cpncipoyvwoia. Oi 
'tnACnl.KOl.VWVl.QlCOi fOpcic; 'tn<; B6pcia~ Aµcpiicrtc;:, l.6J.ai"tcpa Ol. 
Re9ional Bell Holding Companies, ouvcxiCouv va txouv cvcpy6 
ouppct.oxrt O'tnV QVQn'tU~n Kl.Vn"tC:W 61.~"tUWV. 
To ouot.~µat.o t.n.Acci~onoinonc; cxouv cnionc; avant.ux8ci ptoa ot.o 
nAaioio icoivonpa~i<.:>v. Avt.10ct.a and t.ic; K\J'!fcAoci6cic; unnpcoicc;, 
OJ. Koivonpa~ic~ 'tWV unnpcoic:nr t.nAcci6onoinon~ 6cv nepiAap~6vouv 
anapait.n'to t.ov t.om.ic6 t.nAcniicoivwvi.01C6 cpopta ica1 civai nid 
n1eav6 va un6icc1v'ta1 oc avt.QVCtl\IJ.op6. 
Eucnnpat.a nou xpnoiµonoiouoav t.o Eicav6ivapiic6 av<lAoviicd np6t.uno 
NMT 450 QllO'tCAO\)oav t.nv npo"tl.~Cvn t.cxvoAoyia via Kl.vnt.6 
61ict.ua nou tpnaivav oc unnpcoia ou.c;: apxtc; t.nc;: 6cicact.iac; 'tOU 
1990. Oi ouxv6t.nu:c; aut.fc; civa1 axcuic6 cAcl)8cpcc; an6 QAAouc; 
xp~ot.cc; ot.nv ncpioxn. Ev t.o&toic;, oi ncpiaod-r.cpcc; x~cc; 6nAwoav 
tnv np60can t.ouc; va al5cio6ot.naouv \mfl.OK6 KU1i'cAocil5n ouat.nµa'ta 
Ot.O CyyU<; µtAJi.ov. I6iait.Cpa, OJ. fOOpOt.l.lCOi ncpiopiopoi O'tn t""11 
t.WV 450 MHz onpoivouv 6t.i n l5iat.i0tpevn xwpnt.i1tdt.nt.a µnope! va 
txu xpnoiµonoin9ci nAn~ an' a\Tta t.a 61nua µtoa o"to 1994. 
A\Tt.O t.a oucn.npat.a ea xpnoiµonoirtoouv i:.nv 't.CxvoAovia t.ou GSM. 
Kai c&.;> n OUyyapia 6voi~c t.o l5p6µo xopnyc.Wtac; 66cicc; oc 6l)o 
icovodpi:.ia; t.nv Weatel 900 nou 6icu9Uvc"tal. and t.nv US West icai 
"tnv Pannon GSM nou ncp1Aap~6vc1 t.nA.cniicoivwviax.ouc; opyaviopol)c; 
an6 "tnv OMavl51a, Aavia, Eoun61a icai 4>J.vAav5ia.. 
Yioect.Qv'tac; "to GSM Kai t.a 6AAa np6t.una icivn"tw cm.JCoivwviw nou 
uAonoioUvt.ai at.nv un6Ao1nn Eupc;rin, oi xt:lpcc; aUt.t<; txouv t.l.<; 
~uvat.6t.nt.£<; va ouppct.6oxouv ot.nv c~QnAwon t.wv oµaA6 auvcxw Kai 
01KovopiK6 ano6ot.iK<.:Jv navcupcJiaiicw Kl.vnt.t:N unnpcoit:N. AlTt6 ea 
avc~6oc:i. i:.o cninc5o t.n~ oiitovopiicnc; ouvoxnc; pct.a~u t.nc; Eupw-
175 
nalicnc; Evwonc; icai "tn<; iccvt.piicnc; icai avat.oAiicnc; EuP'>anc; icai ea 
npoo<ptpci 6uvat.6t.me:c; 6nµioupviac; np6oect.wv co6!>wv ot.ic; xc.Jpe:c; 
aUt.tc; µtow t.nc; "ne:piavCAJVnc;" µe:vOA.ou 6vicou ~tvwv xpnot.c.N. 
Evw txouv Ancpee:i ica"t' apxnv anocpaoe:ic; nou cuvooliv t.nv 
a6e:io66t.non ouo'tnµa"twv GSM, aUt.6 ot.nv npa~n un6ice:it.ai o' 
opioµtvouc; ne:piopioµouc;. To e:niic:e:Vt.po t.wv ncpiooot.tpc.JV <poptwv 
e:ivai n cntict.aon t.wv unapx6vt.wv 6iict.uwv icai 6xi n uAonoinon 
vtwv qm<pia~t:Jv t.e:xvoAovic.;w. Evw aUt.6 ea lUlOpoooe: v' 
aVt.iot.aeµiot.ci µe: t.n xopnvnon npooett.wv a6e:ic.;w, llllOpe:i va 
fpXCt.Ql. OE: OUylCpoUOn µe: t.OU<; 6pouc; U<pl.Ot.aµtvwv a6E:l.cN. ria t.n 
Pwooia icai 6AAcc; xc.Jpe:c; t.nc; CIS, oi ncpiopioµoi ot.nv e:~avwvn 
e:uaioen'twv t.e:xvoAOVl.Wv ouve:xitouv v' anot.e:Aoliv icupio <ppayµ6 
ot.nv UAonoinon t.ou GSM. Evw llllOpe:i va txouv xopnynee:i a6e:ie:c;, n 
npavµa"tiicn nµe:poµnvia cioavCJ\/l'lc; t.ou GSM napaµtvci aoacpnc; ot.ic; 
ne:pint.Woe:ic; aut.£c;. 
H av6nt.u;n t.nc; e:upe:iac; e:;anA<.JOn<; npoowniicw cniicoivwviw ot.nv 
iccvt.piicn icai avat.oAiicn EupWnn e:~apt.6t.ai icupic.x; an6 t.nv ouvoAiicn 
oiicovoµiicn av6nt.u;n. Mtxpi va npavµat.onoinee:i µia ve:viicn 
oiicovoµiicn avaicaµ'!'fl ot.ic; xc;,pcc; aUt.tc;, n avopa ea ouve:xioci va 
icupiapxe:it.ai an6 tva µup6 apieµ6 xpnot.C:W "oicAnpou ouvaA­
Aavµat.oc;" nou ea e:ivai oc eton va nAnpW'Vouv t.a l.Jl.!mAa t.ipoA6via 
t.a onoia e:ivai l1'!'IlA6 aic6µn icai µe: t.a 6Ut.iicoe:upwnalica np6t.una. H 
e:ioavCJJVn l1'!'IlA6t.e:pnc; ot.aeµnc; OV"taVWVl.Opou oc Ot.aee:ptc; n 
icivnu~c; unnpe:oie:c; ea 6ooci icivnt.pa ot.ouc; <pope:ic; va 
e:m:ict.civouv t.nv ne:Aat.ciaKn t.ouc; , ~aon oc ncAai:e:c; xaµnAoi:tpc.w 
e:1006nµ6t.wv. 
ria 'tOU<; <pope:ic; CKµe:t.CAAe:uonc; lCUlJ!E:Aoci&Jv OUO'tnµat.WV (£1C't6<; an6 
e:ice:iva nou xpnoiµonoioliv "tnv "te:xvoAovia NMT 450) napaµtvouv oi 
6uoicoAie:c; A6vw 'tnc; xpnonc; t.wv avayicaiwv ouxvot.nt.wv an6 
oi:pat.iwt.iictc; unnpcoicc; icai unnpe:oie:c; tict.01Ct.nc; avavicnc;. Av 6cv 
aVt.iµe:t.wniot.oliv t.a npo~Anµat.a icat.axc.Jpnonc; <paopat.oc;, 01 xc.Jpe:c; 
OU"tC<; 6e:v ea civai oc eton va e:nc.J<pe:Aneou-v an6 'tl.<; Eupwnalictc; 
icai navic6oµicc; npwt.o~ouAie:c; oUVt.ovioµou. Eivai 6uvat.6 va 
xpnoiµonoineoliv t.a avt.ano6ot.iica t.£An t.wv a6cic.N via t.n 
xpnµat.o66t.non t.wv avavicaiwv avOKat.avoµc.N ouxvot.nt.wv. 
Ynapxouv e:nionc; e:uicaipie:c; via UAonoinon 'tOnl.lCcN ~p6xwv 
pa6ioe:niicoivwviaicnc; ~cone; via va ~e:ne:paot.oU'v t.a xaµnAa cnine:6a 
av6nt.u~nc; t.nc; ot.a8e:pnc; uno6oµnc;. H Deutache Telecom txe:i 
uAonoinoe:i npoowpiva ouot.nµat.a ~aoioµtva ot.nv t.e:xvoAovia NMT 
900 npi v an6 t.nv e:n~naon i:ou ot.a8cpou 6u:i:\l'ou oi:a avat.OAJ.Ka 
e:66cpn t.n<; re:pµaviac;. H TnAe:nl.KOl.VWVl.alCn Et.aipcia t.n<; Ouyyapiac; 
aicoAouSe:i nap6µoia npootvvion. Exci ncipaµat.iot.e:i µe: t.nv t.cxvo­
Aovia CT2 Kal. ea ouµµe:t.6oxe:i oe: ):ll.O !>oiciµn 'tOU DECT nou ea 
vivci µtoa ot.o 1994 µe: t.nv unoot.npi~n i:nc; Enit.ponnc;. 
Tov Iavouapl.O 'tOU 1993 n Pwoia a6e:io66t.noe: OUO'tn):lO'tQ GSM via 
t.nv e:;unnpt"tnon 12 n6Ae:wv icai t.wv ne:pioxc.N yl)pw an' aUt.tc;. ria 
t.ic; ne:pioo6t.e:pe:c; an' aut.tc;, n us Weat ea civai o icupioc; 
av66oxoc;/<pop£ac; cicµe:t.CAAe:uonc; oc ouvct.aipioµ6 J:lC 6uo P<.JOiicouc; 
opvavioµouc;. Oi 6µiAoi t.nc; P<.JOoiicnc; ~ioµnxaviac; txouv anoict.noe:i 
op~oµtvcc; an6 t.ic; ,_66cie:c; icai n 66e:ia t.nc; M6oxac; xopnyfl9nice: oe: 
176 
icoi vonpa~ia }:1£t.a~u t.n<; Moscow City Telephone Network icai t.n<; 
Bell Canada. Oi 6poi t.n<; a6£iac; eni~QA.Aouv 6't.l. tva opioptvo 
noooot.6 ot.a8e¢v e::yKat.acn6oe:c.JV nptnei va Ea.Aucp0ci an6 t.ou<; 
cpopei<;. ~c ouvtxcia am:c.N t.c.JV QPXJ.KW a6ei.c.N n Pc.JOl.m ic~tpvnon 
avQlCoiV<Alae:: 6t.i ea xopnyn9oO'v 20 np6o8c't.c<; nep19cpc101Ct<; 66£1c<; 
via unnpcoic<; GSM iccu ncpioo6t.cpc<; an6 40 66£1c<; vi.a unnpcoic<; 
NMT 450. 
1.s Mnxaviopoi ouvcpyaoiac; 
ff QVQn't.U~n t.c.JV Kl.vnt.C.:W t.nACn11COl.VWVl.~ O't.DV lCCvtpl.Xl\ KQ..l. 
C1Vat.0A1icfl EupWrln xpn1:1at.06o't.£i't.aJ.. an6 t.toocpi<; t.ll'nou<; nnvc:n: 
• iccq>.6.Aaia 1:01vonpa~.u;w an6 ~tvou<; oiicouc;:, 
• 
• u:av6t.nt.a 9ut.oxpnl.la'to66t.non<; utiot.aµtvwv 9optw 
c1.q1et.6A.Aeuon<; icai. icoi. von~l.C:W Kl. vnt.w unnpeoiw iccu 
• 6aveia ano 6ie0vf1 xpn}:lat.oni.O't'.Ct.>t.l.KO i~a (Irla). 
Ta t.pia ic\l"pia IFis e:ivai n EufXt.XlalKfl Tp6m:ta Encv6l)~wv (EIB), 
n Eupwna1ic6 Tp6neta Avaouyicp6t.nonc; icai Av6nt.u~n<; (BBRD) icai n 
A1c6vt\<; Tp6ncta Avaouyicp6t.non<; icai Avan't.u;n~ (World Bank). 
np6oq>a't.a Ol. opyavioµoi O\.TtOi 6topeuoav 1220 CK<noµµUpl.Q BClJ V10 
cvant.ut~
4 t.nACDl.lCOl.VWVl.W ot.nv ltCvtpl.Kfl KCU 6UU.Kfl Eu~n lCCU 
t.nv CIS • 
Qavc.> an6 90% t.n<; xpnµat.o66't.non<; m\yc 0£ "tM£Dl.lCOl. V<J\Tl.QlCOU<; 
opyavioµouc;. Ev t.otit.oic;, KuyeAoci66 &iict.ua icoi vonpa~iw ot.nv 
fio.At.Nia, OUyyapia icai t.l.<; lmpoicpa"ticc; Toexiac; ICQl. EA.~01Cia<; 
txouv AQjlci. icanoia xpnpat.o66"tnon an6 "tnv URD. 
H EBRD txci 6<:x>ci i.6iait.cpn t11cpaon cn.nv unoo"tflpi~n t.nc; 
avant.u~n<; 6u.:t.uwv 1:01 unnpcoi.<N via c~unnptt.non t.n~ 
cm.xcip~a'tl.itfl<; ayop6c;;, an• 6nou icai n cpnAoicfl 't.nc;; O"ta 
1t1J"lCAoei6f1 6!1n.ua. H eup&t.epn 0t.pat.ny1icfl 'tc.JV 6i.c8VC:W 
xpnµat.oniot.wt.i.ic:w 16pUJ:16t.CJV c1vai. va avaA.a~avouv npoyp6ppat.a 
unoooµfu; Ot: apXl.lC6 Ot.6610, C:X,'tE: VQ oup$0AAOUV Ot.nV CµDl.Ot.001.Nn 
t.c.JV cncv6Ut.w. Euyxp6vwc; txouv &:>oci tµ<paon at.ouc;: p6Aouc;: t.nc;; 
lCQVOVl.O't.l.1tflc; KQl. 'tOµ£aKfi~ OVCJl.16pqK.JOnc;; Vl.Q t.nv f>nlll.OUpyia CV6<; 
~iC:X,i.µou t.opta t.nA.cniicoivwvi01Cw unnpeoi'1v KaJ. t.nc;: t.iµoAoyiaK!\c;; 
-avapoppwonc;; c.>c;: twt.uou nap6yovta vi.a t.nv c~aocpaA.1on t.n<; 
anai t.outicvnc;; ot.60pn-<; aUt.oxpnpat.o66t.nonc;;. 
H E\Jpc.xlalacn Koi.v6t.nt.a txci 
"tnAcniKoi V"1'tl l.01Cflc;; avap.6pq>wonc;; ~on0flo&1 o·uc; 
at.nv ICCvtpl.Kl'l 6icpyaoicc;: t.nc;; 
ica1 avat.0A1icfl 
OJ. oi.xovop1xtc; 6copc~oc1c; yl.a 'tnv 'tnA£?111tol.vwvJ.ax4 av6au1~ avu.apoowacOouv 'tO 18t 
&8')1aov T;ac ouvoAu:tlc; x,pnpa\.o66i:nonc; 'T.WV ~ch~ cnnw 1lpoi; 'tnv ncp1oxs\ (av 1tcu. 'to 
noo6 mrt6 c1va1 40t 'tOU ovv6Aov 'tnc; EBRO) xcu. txovv xvpif.M; 6icrtcki y1a VJIOO'ts\.Pl.~ 'tile; 
av41nv'1tc; OT.ailcp.N 6uutwv. H xpn.pato66'tnan txu. ~cv81.1v8ci apoc; npoy96Ppcna pc 
~cydAa quso911Cl\ ~1wo1p6i:n'ta 1ta1 pc cnl.XcJ.pn)rl.Q'tl.Jt~ ucAd'tcc; ~ 1C~p1a o}ld6a -at6xo. Ta 
JqtOVpdppcna £1va1 'tvnu6 via ~inva cn.u6Auyac; nov noptxouv ~aAO't.cpn ~1.£8vil xai. 
~cn·ux&\ np6otklon O£ EO'p1a acnu6 dvtpa. 
177 
Eupc;,nn µtow 'tOU npoyp6ppa'to~ PHARE 'to onoio txci &.:>oci ~on9cia 
pc 'tn poppn 'tcxvuc.Jv ouµ~ooACAJV oc cpopci~ cicpc'taAA.cuon~ icai 
1CQVOVl.O'tl.lC6 6pyava O'tnV IloACAJVia, OUyyapia, BouAyapia, 'tl.~ 
~poicpa'tic~ Tocxia~ icai Uo~aicia~ icai 'tnv llo~cvia. EninAtov, 
txci xpnpa'to6o'tnoci 'tnv av6n'tu~n aypo'tiicou 'tnAcniicoivCAJVJ.CllCOU 
6iic'toou o'tnv IloAwvia. H Eupc.11alicn Koiv6'tn'ta txci cnion~ 
ica81cpc;,oc1 tva np6ypapµa napQAA.nAo pc 'tO PHARE, 'to ovoµat6µcvo 
TACIS, via ~nv napoxn ~cxviicn~ ~oneeia~ o~nv CIS. 
I. H OAI'KOEMIA 9EEH THE EYPCilHE ETIE 'PH~IAICEE KINHTEE TEXNOAOrIEE 
Ev~ o'tnv nayic6opia ayop6 icivn'tWv unnpcoic.Jv, 6n~ o'tnv Eupc.11alicn 
ayop6, icupiapxci aic6µn n avaAoyiicn 1ClJ'.llCAoe:i6n~ 'tcxvoAoyia, n 
EupWI'ln anoic't6 'tWpa cva onµav'tiic6 n1'.e:ovtic"tnµa µe: 'tnv uAonoinon 
oe: nayic6oµia KAiµaKa 'tou npo't\1nou GSM (Ilayic6oµio Euo'tnµa 
Kivn'tWv Eniicoivwvic.Jv). 
1.1 Yio9t'tnon 'tou GSM an6 'tOU~ cpopci~ cicpc't6AA.cuon~ 
E'to nape:A96v, n avaAoyiicn KlJ'.lle:Aoe:16n~ 'tcxvo1'.oyia cixc onpavt.l..Xn 
nayic6oµia e:ni 'tuxia.· 8e:ntpaoc ica't • cnav6An'lll 'tnv npo~Acn6pcvn 
av6n'tu~n 'tn~ icai o'ta ptoa 'tou 1993 o api0µ6~ 'tcuv ouv6popn'tWv 
'tn~ £K'tl.p6'tO oc 27.3 CKa'toppopia. Ol. Hvwptvc~ noAJ.'tCic~ 
ano'te:Aouoav 'to 48% t.n~ ayop6~, n Eupc;rin 'to 25% icai n ncpioxn 
Aoia~/EipnVJ.lCOU 'tO 15%. Yn6pxouv oc Aci'toupy~a CVVJ.6 
6iacpope:'tl.1<6 avaAoyu::6 np6'tuna, aAA6 'tpia an' au't6 icupiapxo\iv 
o'tnv nayic6opia cyicat.cot.nptvn avaAoyl.Kn ~aon: 'tO AMPS, 'to NMT 
icai 'tO TACS • 
• 
• 
• To Aµcp1icav1K6 np6t.uno t.ou Ilponyptvou Euo'tnpa'to~ Kivnt.n~ 
TnAe:cpwvia~ (.AMPS) Kupiapxci ot.nv ayop6 'tWV HOA icai xpnoi­
µonoie:i'tai an6 t.o 60% 'tn~ avaAoyiicn~ KlJ'.ll£Aoc1600~ 
e:yicat.ao'tnµ£vn~ ~6on~ • 
Ta EupwnaYic6 Ilp6t.una t.n~ Eicav61va~1icn~ Kivnt.n~ TnAccpwvia~ 
(NMT 450 icai NMT 900) civai 'ta np6t.una nou uio0ct.n0nicav 
via ne:pioo6t.e:po xp6vo icai xpno1pono10Uv'ta1 an6 'to 13% t.n~ 
e:yKat.aot.nptvn~ ~6on~ • 
01 napaAAayt~ t.ou EupcaxlaYicou Euo'tnµat.o~ OAiicn~ Ilp6o~aon~ 
(TACS) KQ'tCXOUV 'tO 16% t.n~ cyica'tao'tnµtvn~ ~6onc;. 
ria 'tOU~ cpope:i~ KU'J!E:Aoe:J.6Wv OUO'tnp6'tWV n npoooxn CO'tl.6~£'tQl. 
't~Q oe: 'tp6nou~ e:~aocp6Aion~ ouvcxouc; ao~non~ 'tnc; ayop6c;. nptnci 
va ~cA'ti~ouv 'tnv t.e:xvoAoyiicn t.ouc; ~6on tt.oi c;x,'tc va pnoptoouv 
va c~unnpc'tn9ouv no.Au ncpioo6'tcpoi ncA6'tcc;, pc tva U'lllA6t.cpo 
np6'tuno, µ£oa ot.a n.Aaioia t.c..w ncpiopioµc.Jv 'tc..JV 6ia0toipwv 
ouxvot.nt.wv. Oi cpope:i~ e:Kµct.61'.Ae:uon~ txouv n6Ai va cniAt~ouv an6 
t.pia np6t.una, nou t.o Ka0tva xpnoiponoici 'lllcpiaicn t.cxvoAoyia: 
• 
• To GSM, dxe:6iaoµ£vo ~ nayic6opio 'lll<piaic6 icivnt.6 np6t.uno, 
µc npo£Acuon t.ou t.nv Eupc:,nn, 
To Aµe:p1Kav1ic6 USDC, nou e:ivai 'tO 6166oxo t.ou AMPS, icai 
178 
u • t.o onoio avam.uoou. 6uo napaAAaytc; nou xpnoiponoiollv t.nv 
t.cxvoAovia TDMA Kai t.nv ctJMA, 
To Ian<Nuc:6 np6t.uno PDC. 
Eav n.,wto qtnfl.OK6 K\JliCAoci6tc; np6t.uno nou PvJ\Kc ot.nv ayopQ, t.o 
GSM ntpaOE: cni KCq>aAfu; t.CrJV 60-o aVt.ayWicntN t.ou. Avcmuyp.tvo 
apxu:6 Vl.O EupwnaX.Kt~ ayopt~, t.O np6t.uno GSM uio8ct.fl9mcc an6 
noAAt; xc,;,pcc; £Kt.6c; Eu~c;. Exci ic:ai:.aot.ci n npot.i~vn \mfl.aicfl 
t.cxvoAoyia ot.nv ncpioxfl Aoiac;/Eipnv11tou (cit.c oav µova611t6 
np6t.uno cit.c µati µc t.o USDC) t.nv ic:cVt.piic:fl ic:ai avat.oAi.ic:fl Eup.;nn 
KQJ. t.nv CIS KOl. t.nv Mton Avat.oM (~Atnc Di VCllta rl) • An6 t.nv 
6AAn nAcupQ, 6.Acc; oi xWp£c; t.nc; B6pciac; Apcpiic:flc; ic:ai t.nc; 
Aat.ivu:flc; Ap.cp11tflc; Qvap.tvct.ai va uio8ct.floouv Jill.a an6 t.ic; ~uo 
napaAAavtc; t.ou usoc15• Mtxpi or\µcpo. t.o Ianf.tJV'itc6 qmcpi.aK6 np6T.uno 
6ev txci yivci ano6£Kt.6 an6 fopcic; ot.nv ncpioxfl Aoiac;/Eipnviic:ou 
cn6c; IanCrJV1ac;. 
a.2 To .. ~XC.1 'tl.<; 6uvat.6t.nT.C<; VQ ltQT.QOT.Ci nay1t6op.10 np6t.uno 
Vl.Q \ltlCfl.OKf<; ltl.Vnt.tc; cn11tOl.Vc.>ViC<; 
Mc t.nv cm.cpuAa;n t.nc; unooT.flpi~nc; an6 u.c; HIJA KCll. t.nv Ianwvia 
avtayCt.JViOt.l.KcJv npot.unwv, t.o GSM txci t.nv cu1tCll.pia va ic:atacnci 
de facto nayit6oµio np6t.uno via qmq>iaic:t~ Kl.vnt.tc; cnu:oivc..JVicc; 
µtoo ot.n 6cic:act.ia t.ou 1990. A\Tt6 t.o cv6c- x6µcvo &a 
npayµat.onoin9ci av apKct.tc; xc.;,pcc; c1tt.6c; t.nc; 86pciac; 1tai N6t.iac; 
Apcpi1tfu; ic:ai t.nc; Ianc.J\Tia~ ui.o9ct.r\oouv t.o np6t.uno, au~6voV'tac; 
t.nv cyic:cnaot.nµtvn ~aon 1tal. 1ta810T.c,jyt,ac; 6uvat.r\ t.n oxc66v 
nayic:6oµia ncpiayc..>yr\. H uio9ft.non Kat.a npc:n:o A6yo c~apt.6t.al. on6 
t.n 61a8coip6t.nt.a t.ou GSM, t.i<; t.cxv11ttc; noi6t.nT.cc; KOl. t.o K6ot.oc;. 
Kata 6c&tcpo A.6vo, 9a aVt.avaic:M T.n Stan t.CtJV npoocpcp6Vt.W\T 
&iacpopct.iict<; t.cxvoAoyic<; Kai 6uvnt.l.KO~<; xpflcnc<; Kai t.nv 
cupth.cpn 't0\1<; 6icevn Ol.KOVopiKn, VC<..JVpacpl.1tr\ KQl. KOl.VCtJVl.Kr\ 
cni6paon Kai aAAnAc;6pt.non. 
To GSM we; n,PQ'to \flltJ.atc::6 K\J\ICAoci.6t<; ouo'tnµa nou µnfl1tc ot.nv 
ayo~ ei VOJ. 0£ Kal\n 6ton an6 nAcupa<; 6J.a0COl.p6t.nT.a<;. Ta 
oxct.itc::a 1t6otn ea c;apt.<Nt.ai an6 t.nv cniT.cu~n cv6c; cnapicouc; 
p.cyteou<; ayop6<;, Wo"tc va npaypaT.onoi.neow oiic:ovop.ic<; KAip01Ca<;, 
Kai an6 t.nv an66oon "tc.w Kat.aoiccuaot.w t.<.tJV npoX.6VT.CrJV. 
Ev ~oU-C.oic;, t.o GSM nptnci va ~cncp6oci tvav api8p6 npo~Anµ6t.CJV 
"°t.c va Kat.aot.ci tva cnit.uxnptvo nayic6op.io n~t.uno. Ta 
npo~Mllat.a aUt.6 civai: 
• 
• n cniAuon t.n~ un6pxouoa<; 6iap6xn<; via t.a 61.KOl.~at.a 
nvcup.at.l.Kfl<; i~ioict.noiac;, nou anaoxoAci t.J.<; ouvcAc~oci<; 
t.OU ETSI" 
va c~aocpaAiou:i 6t.i. n uio8tt.non 61acpopct.1ic:w aAyopi9llc.w 
Kpunt.ovp6cpnon<; Ocv cµno61l;ci t.l.<; cuKaipic<; t.ou GSM va 
icat.aot.ci pl.a nayic6oµia t.cxvoAoyia. Ml.a Koivr\ tcxvoAoyia, 
IV ioo-to1~, pcg1xtc; &ox1ptc; oc PCS O'tic; Hvwptvcc; QoA1'tcicc; 8a JaoiCovtcu O'to n96'tvno 
GSM acu av"t6 pnopci va o6nvnoci ae p£'tajS()Al1 'tnc; acn60'taonc;. 
179 
• nou ouµµopcpC:,Vc~ai µc ~o i~io np6~uno, n onoia p.nopci va 
xpnoiµonoin0ci 0£ nayK60µ1a ~aon, ea civai ~o KAe16i via 
~nv nayK6~µ1a cni~uxia ~ou GSM• 
n napayCJVl'l cupcia~ KAiµOKa~ fopn~C:,V xcipoouoKcuC:,V -_npo~ 
~o nap6v n ayopa fopn~'1v xcipoouoKcu<Jv civai OK6):1n 
ncp1op1oµtvn A6yw npo~Anµa~c.JV c,o6iaopo~. 
180 
... !! Figure Cl: Adoption de la teclmologle GSM dons le monde: 108 llcences ont d~JA ~t~ attrlbu~es ou pr~vues dans 62 pays l Rn 1993 
UE 
Aatres .,.,. 
europiens Luxembolll'I 
Andorre, Autriche, Croatie, R. 
Tcbique, Estonie, lslande, Lettonie, 
Roumanie, Slovaqaie, Slovenie, Suisse, 
Ukraine. Belgique, Danemark, France, 
Alemagne, Grice, lrlande, ltalie, 
Pays-Bu, Portugal. Espagne, 
Rovaume-Uni 
Ymlande, Hongrie. Norv~e SuMe, Rossie. 
Aatres I Bahrain, Bnanei Darussalam, Chine, lndon&ie, Malaisie, Nouvelle-I Australie, Hong Kong, lode. 
pa)'I Cameroon, Cbypre, Egypte, Fiji, Iran, Ulande, PbUippines, Afrique du Sud, 
lsraR, Kuweit, Liban, Maree, Nigeria, ThaDande, Turquie. 
Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Arabie 
Saoudite, Sinppour, Sri I.aka, Syrie, 
Taiwan. Emlrata arabes uais. Viet Nam. 
"! 
1.3 Oi 6uvat.6t.nt.c~ t.nc;; navK6oµia~ avop6~ via 61\Ac~ "°'l.CJKt~ 
lCl.V'nT.t~ T.CXVoAovic~: DBCT, ~· lCOl. 6AAc~ 
Eva onµavu.ic6 µ60nµa an6 t.n 6ic0vfl ano6oxfl t.ou GSM civai 6t.i 
via x:at.6.AAnAa np6t.una t.a onoia · txouv uio0e:t.n0d, oe: Eupc.i.nalicfl 
KAiµatca, unapxouv onµaVT..iictc;; 6uvat.6t.nt.e:c;; ano6oxflc;; T.c..JV oc 
naytc6oµia KAiµatca • Mnopodv teal. OAAcc; Eup<Arialx:tc; \mtl.atctc; 
tcivnt.tc; t.e:xvoAoyie:c; va t.U>touv nap6µoiac; ano6oxflc; av 
itcavonoiollvt.ai oi tcat.wt.tpw ouvefltcc~. 
Kat.' apxnv n Kat.aAAnA6t.nt.a e:~apt.6t.ai an6 t.nv ttct.aon ot.nv onoia 
t.cxvoAoyie:c;; nou txouv npo6iaypacpe:i via t.nv Eup<Arialtcfl ayopa 
ppioicouv iooMvaµe:c;; ouvenKe:c;; e:KT.6c;; Eu~nc;, fl t.nv cutcoAia µe: 
t.nv onoia µnopollv va npooapµoot.ollv µct.aycvtot.e:pa at.ic; ouveflKe:c; 
nou ioxuouv oc 6AAcc; ayoptc;;. 
Eni nAtov, n ~e:Kaeapn ano6oxn t.e:xvoAoviw ot.nv EupQrin civai 
tCJtiKnc;; onµaoiac;; oot.c oi Kat.aotce:uaot.tc;; va µnopodv va e:ivai 
ptpaioi via µia e:upe:ia Eupwnaitcn ayop6. Te:xvoAoyia nou ,eavci 
o' aut.6 t.o e:nine:5o ano5oxnc;; txe:i au~nµtvcc;; nieav6t.nt.e:c; va 
e:niAe:ye:i an6 tope:ic; £Kt.6c;; Eu~nc;. ea 6nµioupynee:i µia e:upe:ia 
poon aVT.ay<.JViot.WV' tcat.aoKe:uaot.w tcai Kat.6 ouvtne:ia, t.a K6ot.n t.nc;; 
uno6oµnc;; Kai t.ou t.cpµat.iKou c~onAioµou ea µc1w000v oc o6yicpion 
µc OAAcc;; t.cxvoAoyiictc;; cniAoytc;;. 
To DCS-1800, paoioµtvo Ot.O GSM, ea nptne:i va civai 0£ eton VO 
ot.npixt.ci ot.nv nay1<60µ1a cni t.uxia t.ou GSM. Kupia npoUn6econ 
e:tcµct.OAACUOnc; t.nc; 5uvat.6t.nt.ac; OUT.0<;; ea cival. n CKT.Ct.aµtvn 
uAonoinon ot.nv Euf)Wnn ouoT.nµaT.<.JV paoioµtv<.JV ot.o DCS-1800, oav 
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noi6t.nt.a unnpcoiac; ea civai cnionc; \11filA.6t.cpn tcai ea 
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OJ.OJC6" µn Kl.Vnt.6 'tnA£0l.KOl.VWVJ.QJC6.c~onAl.op.6. 
Mc t.nv cyKa0i6puon 't.OU GSM we; EUpc.xlalltoO KQl. navic6apl.0\1 
npot.unou, Sa UO~O\JV onpOV"C.l.ltf<; vtcc; CUKOl.picc; Vl.Q Eu~aiouc; 
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npo16vt.wv GSM. M£ avoou:fl cyx'1pia ayop6 0t.nv EupQl1n ic01 ioxupfl 
av6rn:.u~n t.ou GSM ot.nv ncpioxfl Aoi0<;/E1pnvuo\l' 01 Kat.aotccua'ttc; 
aUt.oi civai oc 6piot.n eton va cnwrpc.Aneow an6 t.nv nayx6oµia 
av6ni:.u;n t.WV Kl.Vnt.Wv £01.KOl.VWVl.~. 
ff pn 161oici:.noiaicfl cpuon "tou ouot.flpat.oc; GSM civai 0t.oixcio ic.Aci61 
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napoxfl c~on.Aioµou GSM ea civai o~lh.cpoc; an' 6t.i pc OAAcc; 
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oouv 1eai va c.hty~ouv t.a K6ot.n "'tnc; napavc.JVJ'lc; 6cv ea µnoptoouv va 
COc.lq)CM eow. 
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c~onAiopou .JCai 01 cnit.uxnptvoi nc.Mnt.tc; nptnci va civai oacpcic; 
we; npo<; t.ic; ot.pat.ny11Ctc; t.ouc; antvaV't.l. oc tca9tvav an' a\Ttouc; fl 
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183 
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(LBOa) ) nou txouv 6ia~unw0£i ~np6oio onpe:p_q civoi oe: e:upda 
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nou m.0av6 va ouvE>ua~e:i re:wo~a~iicn Tpoxi.6 (GEO) icoi Mcooio 
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• 
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icavovio~iic6 0£pa~a p£oa o~nv Eupc.i.11alicn Evwon, aAAa np£nci 
Tov Al)youcno 'tOU 1993 01 e:ne:vOu'ttc; 'tnc; Iridium Inc OU}lllcp1tAaJav 'tic; Motorola, 
Lockh .. d, Raytheon xa1 Sprint Corp. an6 'tic; HIIA, 'tnv Nippon Iridium an6 'tnv Iam.wia 
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Bcvcl;outAa. 'tnv United Communications Industry Corp an6 'tDV TattA6vOn xai 'tnv China 
Great Wall Industry Corp. an6 'tnv K1va. 
l'tnv Globalatar, n Loral ouve:py6(e:'ta1 pc 'tnv EupctJnalu\ 01ao'tnp1xn ouppaxiaa Alcatel 
(raAA!a), Aeroapatiale (raAAia), Alenia (I'taA!a), xa1 DASA (re:ppav!a). t'tnv Odyaa .. , n 
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BAtnc 'tnV Avaxo!vwon 'tnc; En1'tponnc; 'tnc; 27 Anpl.A!ou 1993 JCQl. 'tDV Dp6'taon y1a Wntiopa 
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HnA Ot.l.<; HvCt.>ptvcc; noAnc!cc; KCU. op'{O.vwoc napouoiaon yia 'tOU'~ 
LBOI 'tO\t Not~plo t.ou 1992. 
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'llnq>ioµa uio9ct.n9nic:c an6 t.o E~O\)Al.O ou.~ 1 Actcc~piou 199318 
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QU't6V 't.OV t.oµto, 't.600 l.lfOCl O'thV ~IKn Evwon 6oo lCCll. 0£ 
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QKcavia. 
Mc "C.nv ica't.ax<:>pnon ouxvo't.fl't<N ·De 6i6fopc~ unnpcoics oc ion 
,npc.n.cuouoa J~oon, 't.nv nc:ipoxn 6J..apop&'.t.J.~w 1tcnoxc.JPftocwv cn6 
nc.pic:>~ oc ncp:i.oxn 1:01 t.nv napoxti 6wva:t6't.nTra~ .dlvi..itWv 
X,QT.QX~OCWV (ptO<ll unoon,pCl.OOCfN O't.OV :OiVQlta 'ICQ't.Oxc..1pilOCCN) 
W!Qpxci cucAJ,.~io -a1t.A6 icai. ~uvot.6't.n't.a an6xA.1oru; -ot.n x.pflon 
't.WV O\JKVO'tflic.>V ~toa O'tQ £6Vl.lCQ 6p.1.0. 
,,.,I :ffayx601u.c.~ lu.aotct11ci.c; Pa6iocn11:01WN1"v omc.> K·Cll Bu~li:t\ 
~~npoCX:.Xnon 
Exouv yiv.ci onµavu.i<tc; a.AA.avtc; oi:nv Eupc«Jaixfl c1:npooc«mon ot.ic;; 
WAACs, ot'lµcpc:i WRCs. 
Ail6 :tnv WAAC 92 O"C.O ToppeµoAi voe;, n Em. "tpom\ ouvcpy<!(C"tQl. OT..CVO 
;pc t..a2Kp6't.n -MtAn Kai t.nv Eupc..lllalm Enit.ponz\ Pa6.iocniico1vf.J'tl1cbv 
;(CRC.) O · t.nc; CEPT O'LOV npoc't.01µaoia Eupc;naitt<.N ·8tocc.JV yia 't.l.t; 
AJ.aoltt'tf£J.<;. H Oic.pyaoia t.ou oUVtoviopou vivc'ta1 .pe: '6on 
Z\JPC4lolictc;; Koivt<; etocic; (ECPa) nou cK.novo~cu an6 ci~11:t<; 
·npoaapaoiccuc;io-c.i1<t<; oµ66cc; <>l. onoi€<; ouyJCpo"t.odvt.ai an6 'tnv BRC, 
1CQ.l at.l.<; onoicc; llrIOpei va oupµc'ttxc1 n En.it.ponl\. Ta !COJ.VO'tl.KO 
&cOtJ,.ut6 6pyava ea ouvcxioouv va naitouv p6Ao o't.nv npoc'toipaaia 
:zc:P• 11c 01<on6 'tnv uno~oA.fl 'tOV~ Ot.l.<; WRCa, A~ovt~ un6yn 'to 
<'JUll<PtpoV'ta 'tnc; Evwonc;. Ta Kpat.n -MtAn napouoiQtouv ou.~ 
A.~tJ€1.~, µc '®n o~µtvc<; BCPa, 111.0 OUV'tOVJ.oµtvn Ston. H 
Enl.'tponn n()f>QKoAoueci t.i~ Al.aoKt~ci~ pc T.nv i6i6'tn'ta -c.ou 
napat.npn'tn. 
oi anot6oci~ nou cAn<penoav icat6 'tn WARC 92 ea txouv ouoiao'tJ.Kn 
cn1,6pc:aon o't.o µcMovt.i.K6 ncp~v avan-c.u~nc; Kl. vnt.c.N Kol. 
npoowniKW\' cniKoiv.wviC:W o'tnv Eupc.-talKfl EvtrJOn (~Atnc Dap6p'tni.ta B 
via ncp.ioo6i:cpcc; Acnt.optpeicc;). 
t ~ IWOJ:.filAEH ZE TP ITEl: AI'OPE:E . 
ME;p11Coi x.a-c.aoiccuao't£<; c~on.A.i.oµou on6 'tpi'tcc; ~<; txouv cvcpy6 
O\JPltC'tOxn O'tnv EupwnalKfl lCQl. oc 6.AAc<; oyoptc; GSM. I6J.ai u::po Ol. 
npol.lll0CU'tt<; uno6opn~ an6 't.n B6pcia Ap.cp11:n 1:01 oi Ka'taoKcuao'tt<; 
f;~on.Aioµou on6 t.nv 86pe.io Ape:pu:fl 1:01. t.nv Ia.m.JVia, txouv 
anoJCa'tOO"tnaci pl.a nopouoia O'tl.<; oyoptc; OUt.tc;. 
H Motorola civai. o -c.t-c.ap'to<; ica'ta ocipa µcyaAU'tcpoc; npopn8c\Ttfl<; 
uno6oµnc; GSM. Exci nou.Afloci ctor1Aioµ6 o'ta9pQv ~6onc; oc ~opcic; 
CKllt:'tOAAcuonc; 'tn<; re:pµavia~, No~nyioc;, nop'toyaAi~~ Eoun61ac; 
KQJ. T.OU ffV(t.\lCVOU Ba.oiA.eiou. 
187 
H Northern Telecom £xc1 ouv6u6oe:i 't.nv e:pne:ipia i:.nc; oc ouo't.nµa't.a 
µe:i:.av<.r.>ync; µc i:.nv cµncipia 't.nc; Matra Communications oe: oi:.aeµouc; 
~aonc; icai pa6ioe:~onAioµ6 via va oxnµai:.io't.e:i n Nortel Matra 
Cellular nou txci icave:i nc.J.hnoe:ic; oi:.nv Auoi:.pia. 
H Motorola civai o nve:'t.iic6c; oc navic6oµia ~6on icai:.aoice:uao't.nc; 
xcipoouoice:u<Jv via icuqrcAoci6n ouoi:.nµai:.a µe: i:.o 23% i:.nc; ouvoAiicnc; 
nayic6oµiac; avopac;. :E't.nv Eupwnalicn ayopa i:.ou GSM anoAaµ~avci 
µiac; nap6µoiac; Stone; (Kai txci napci 't.OV nye:i:.u6 p6Ao O't.i<; 
i:.iµtc;). AAAoi µn Eup<,Jnaioi icai:.aoice:ua~tc; µe: onµa~iicn ouµµc't.oxn 
o~nv ayopa xcipoouoKcut:>v KUlicAoci~ ouo~nµa~CAJV civai n NEC, n 
Panasonic Kai n Mitsubishi. 
1.2 9ton cpopfc..>V CKpci:.QAAcuonc; t.pii:.wv X~ O't.l.<; Eupc.>nalKt<; 
ivni:.tc; cni.Koivwvicc; 
1.3 :Enµcpa unapxci tvac; ap18µ6c; cpoptwv cicµc't.6.hAcuonc; an6 'tpii:.cc; 
xWpcc; (Kupiwc; an6 t.ic; Hvwµtvcc; noAii:.cicc;) nou txouv avan't.u~e:i 
6pao't.np16i:.ni:.a o't.nv Eup<,Jna1icn avopa we; cpopcic; cicµci:.CAAcuonc; 
icivni:.<Jv 6iici:.uwv. Au'toi, ouµµci:.txouv icupiwc; µtow i:.ou oxnµai:.ioµou 
icoivonpa~i<Jv. XpnoiµonoioUvi:.ai µcpiictc; 6iacpope:i:.iictc; oi:.pai:.nviictc; 
nou c~api:.<Jvi:.ai an6 i:.nv ci6iicn ceviicn ayop6 oi:.nv onoia 
ancu9Uvovi:.ai icai i:.nv npootyyion i:.nc; e:ioe:px6µe:vnc; e:i:.aipiac;. 
Opioµtvoi cpope:ic; e:icµe:i:.CAAe:uonc; txouv µne:i oi:.nv ayopa 
6nµioupvWvi:ac; icoivonpa~ie:c; oi:.ic; XWpe:c; i:.nc; icc~piicnc; icai 
ava't.oAiicnc; Euf)Wnnc;, 6nou i:.a e:nine:6a av6ni:.u~nc; uno6oµflc; icai 
noi6i:.n't.ac; napcx6µe:vwv unnpe:oi<Jv unnp~av xaµnA6. H US WEST 
ccpapµooe: µc cni 'tuxia au'tl'l 't.nv npootvvion o~nv Ouyyapia, ouc; 
~nµoKpat.icc; Tocxiac; Kai EAo~aKiac; icai o't.n Pwoia. 
AAAoi e:ntAc~av va ouµµe:"t.6oxouv oc KOV06p'tl.Q 61avwv1~6µe:vo1 via 
6e:u't.e:pn e:eviicn .66e:ia GSM n CAAe:c; vte:c; 66e:ie:c; nou xopnvo~ai 
an6 Kp6'tn MtAn 't.n<; Eup<,Jnalicnc; Evwonc; n 'tn<; EZE:E. Me:i:.a~u i:.wv 
µe:AW\T icovo6p't.1wv nou txouv anonoici:.noe:i 66e:ia ne:p1Aaµ~6vo~a1: n 
Hutchison Whampoa, nou KO't.txe:i 't.O 65% i:.nc; Hutchison 
Telecommunications, e:v6c; icai:.6xou 66ciac; cicµe:i:.6.AA.e:uonc; 6u:i:.uou 
DCS-1800/PCN oi:.o Hvwµtvo BaoiAe:io, n US West nou icai:.txe:i 'to 50% 
t.nc; Mercury Personal Communications nou e:ivai o OAAoc; cpoptac; 
e:icµe:i:.CAAe:uonc; 61.K't.UOU DCS-1800 Ot.O Hvwµtvo BaoiAe:io, n Pacific 
Telesis nou icai:.txe:i 'to 26% t.nc; Mannesman Mobilfunk ot.n rcpµavia 
icai 't.O 23% 't.nc; Telecel o't.nv nopt.oyaAia, icai n Nynec nou icat.txe:i 
t.o 20% i:.ou cpopta Bellas GSM ot.nv EAA66a. 
Mia t.e:Ae:ut.aia ot.pat.nviicn nou txe:i avOK\JqTe:i e:ivai n ouµµe:t.oxn µc 
µct.oxtc; Ot.OV cpopta CKµe:t.6.hAe:uonc; Kl.vn't.OU 61.Kt.UOU nou avnice:i 
ot.nv i6ioict.noia t.ou e:9viKou t.nAcm.KoivwviOKou opyavioµou. H 
Pacific Telesis txci anoK't.noe:i t.o 251 t.ou cpopta cicµct.CAAe:uonc; 
icivnt.ou 61.K't.uou t.ou Be:Ayiou ~tow aut.nc; t.nc; npootvvionc;. 
etµat.a np6o~aonc; oe: ayoptc; t.pit.wv x~, 
l.61.0Kt.noiac; Ot.l.<; HOA ncpiopi.oµoi 
Ev~ un6pxe:i µia onµav't.iicn µn Eup<AXlalicn napouoia ot.ov Eup<,Jnalic6 
188 
Kivnt.6 t.opca, 6n~ ncpiyp6q>nitc nio nave.>, n EupcdlaIKn ouppct.oxn 
oc apKct.tc; ayoptc; 'tpi 'tc.>V x~ napaptvsi ncpiopioptvn. Et.OJ. 
civai i6iaiu:pa ot.ic; Hv<.JPtvcc; nolut.cicc; nou npdatcit.a.i. v' 
apxioouv t.n 6i60con µiac; ocip6c; Ka"taxc.Jpl\ocwv t.ou q>6opat.oc; (ptow 
nA.cio'tnp1ao1:1<Jv Kat.a "to 1994) via unnpcoicc; npooCAXu.icC:W 
cnl.KO·l. vwvit:Jv ot.ic; onoicc; n Eu~alitfl epnAoicn ea civcn 
nepiopioptvn and t.ouc; Kavoviopo~c; t.<.tJV HilA. 
To Tpfl}:la 310 t.nc; np6~nc; Enu:oivwviQ\r cpno61tci on~ua t.n 
Aci t.oupyia Kl. vnt.e,;,v icai 6opucpopiicw unnpcoicav 1tai t.nv napoxn 
t.nAcnl.KOl. Vc.>Vl.QlCWv lCQJ. pa6J.Ot.nACOnt.l.ltcN unnpCOl.W ' em.~OAA.ovi:.ac; 
6p1a atnv ~fvn i.610Kt.noia. Cc; anot.fAcopa t.wv ncp1op1op.w aUt.c.N, 
n rec 6cv xopnyei a5cicc; oc cpopt:ic; c1q1ct.6A.Acuonc; nou avfl1touv 
ot.nv 16ionno1a ~tvwv icul)e:pvnocCtJV fl .. c1tn~t.JV· t.ouc; {pia 
icat.nyopia ot.nv onoia c1:1nint.ouv oi ncpioo6't.e:poi Eupcdlalitoi 
TnAcnu:oiv<.rJVi.aicoi Opyavioµoi) o&tc oc napoxcic; pa6io"tnAcontl.lt~ 
unnpeoi<Jv, unnpcoi<Jv icoivou ~opta, fl acpovaUt.ix'1v unnpcoic.;,v oc 
ncpintoocic; 6nou n ~tvn ilhonnoia ~cncpva "C.O 20% (fl tppeoa "to 
2S•>· 
Eni nAtov, 01 ;tvcc; ct.aipicc; µnope! v' avt.iµcT.r..nioouv epnd6ia 
ot.nv napoxn unnpe:oiC:,V icoi vo\l' cpopta oav ano't.tAcopa i:nc; 
61a6u:aoiac; c;ouoio66i:nonc; t.m; FCC ~ 11c -r.o TllJ\pa 214: t.nc; 
n~;nc; Eniicoi vwviC:,V t.ou 1934. To t.¢iµa aUt.6 anai t.ei n !'CC va 
npoo6tT.e:l. t.t'toiouc; 6pouc; o't.nv c~ouoio66't.non nou 8cc.lpei 6t.i 
civai npoc; t.o 6nµ6oio O\Jllcptpov, xwpi~ va undpxci. icavtvac; 
opiop6c;, 't.nc; tvvoiac; aUT.nc;. H !'CC txci xpnoiµonoirtoci t.nv lfvvoia 
t.nc; 1Ca6\1ot.tpnonc; -r\ cn1~0Anc; 6pwv -at: e:;ouoiooou'iocic; ~.tVt.JV 
C'tOl.pl.Qv. 
Eµn66ia 6nµ1oupy0Uvt.a1 cnionc; oc 6ic9ve:1c; unnpcoie:c; pc t.ov 
xav6va 'tn.; FCC t.ou "Ae::on6~ovtoc; ~pta11
• o itav6vac; OUT.6c; -av 
Kai txe:i np6opa'ta ava9e:wpn0e:i ti:oi cJo't.C cpope:ic; µc ~tvn 
i6ioic'tnoia 15% fl ncp1006u~po 6cv t:a~i vopoUVt.ai nAtov Cl1.Tt6pa't.a 
~· .. aeon6l;ovu:c;" 't.a~i voµe:i cpopeic; nou ouv6tovtai µc 
povonc..>Aci01C6 ~£vo cpopta oT.nv ayop6 npoopiopoU, eax; 
npoOTio"ti.9tpe:vouc; 5e:on6~ovt.e:c; via 'tnv cpnAe:1t6µe:vn 6popoA6ynon. 
AU"t6 'touc; uno~6AAc1 oc np6o8ct.cc; it.avov10T.11ttc; an01. i:.flocic; nou 
cniJdAAovt.oi µ6vov ot.nv AT&T cnic; HOA. 
An6· "to .iot.opiK6 t.nc; µc'taxei_pionc; napoxtwv t.nAcnJ.1'0l. VCJVl.OJCW 
unnpeoiQ'1 itoi vou cpop£a, cpaivc-t.Cll 6t:i auT.oi e' an°"ct.)youv 't.n 
61aKp1t.11tn pe:t.axe:ipion µ6vov av 6e:v cpnAtitovt.ai 
J)Q6ioe:nl.ICOl.VC&JVie:~. 
Bn1nAtov, CJt3e:~ai.6t.nu;c; t.>e; npoc; i:nv tIC"taon oi:nv onoia pnopci va 
µci.wtci ( "cr.:ouyxpoviar.e:i") n oµoonov6i.aKfl 1tavov10't.1.1:rt ¢8pion 
'twv µcyOAcJv icoi.vr;w q><>pt<N 'tc.N HIJA r.:aJ. c.ax; npoc; 'tnv nieavn 
cp1tAo•n uno-opoonov6iax<N apxw ot.nv Kavov10T.J.JC6 ¢9pion 
•cnausnµtVc.JV" unnpE:oiw (npoou.&tµcvnc; a~iac;), txouv ~nyfloci 
cc avnoux.icc; yia t.o 6t.i ~tvoi napoxcic; unnpeoi.w npoou.8tµcvnc; 
~ia<; µnopci v• avt.ipct.c.>rtioouv vtou~ cppayµo~~ ot.nv c1oo66 t.ouc; 
oi:.nv ayop6 fl va npoot.au:ll'ovi:ai avcnapic~ an6 apnaJCt.iicn 
oupm:pl.fPOpQ e:IC µtpou<; cpopt<N c1q1ci:OAA.cuonc; ~l.KT.uou T.c.:N HflA. 
Encia~ n o'Uv6con t.n~ napoxfl~ icivnt.W'1 unnpcoic,;,v µc t.ic; 
180 
unnpe::oie::c; npooue£µe::vn<; a~iac; ( 6nwc; av'taAAayfi µnvuµat.wv 
q><.tJVnt.1KOU K01 n.he::ict.pOVlKOU t.OXUbpoµe::iou) e::iva1 twt.1Kf1 V10 t.n 
ot.pat.nviicfi onoiou5nnot.e:: q>opta e::icµe::t.6.AAe::uonc; 6oov acpop6 t.ic; 
npoowniictc; e::n1ico1vwvie::c;, aU"t.6 ano'te::.he::i oo~apfi avnouxia. 
1.t To noAupe::ptc; n.A.aioio, n e::n16paon 'tn<; %upcpc.JVia~ CIA!'!' 
noAA£c; an6~e::ic; t.n<; Eupc..>nalttfic; ayopac; t.nAe::n1tto1vwv1C:W 
cnnpe::atoV"t.01 aµe::oa f1 £µµe::oa, an6 t.a etµat.a nou outn'tfienttav O'to 
ycviic6 nAaioio t.ou rupou t.nc; Oupouyouanc; t.nc; GATT. Oi etoe::i<; 
'tn<; Eupwna!icnc; Koiv6t.nt.a<; Ot.OV rupo 'tn<; Oupouyouanc; CKq>pQO'tnKav 
ouµcpwva µe:: t.nv apµo5i6t.nt.a t.nc; Koi v6'tn'ta<; via t.O cpn6p10 nou 
ttaeopite::t.ai o'to Apepo 113 'tn<; Euvenitn<; 'tWV EK. 
ria t.ic; unnpe:oie:<; npoowniKWv Kai ttivnt.Wv t.nAe::n1tto1vwv1W'1 (6nwc; 
µc OAAcc; an6~e:ic; t.ou e:µnopiou ayaec:w ttai unnpe::oiW'1) n eton T.nc; 
Koivo'tnt.ac; o't1<; 51anpavµat.e::uoe::1<; nou KaAUnT.ouv ~aoitt£<; 
T.n.he::niicoivwv101t£c; unnpe::oie::c;, oe:: ouvtxe::ia t.nc; e::niT.uxouc; tic~aonc; 
't0\1 rupou T.n<; 0upouyou6n<;, ea napaµe::ivouv O'tCVQ ouv6e::6e::µ£ve::<; µ£ 
'tl.<; e::~e::Ai~e::ic; ot.o e:owt.e:p1K6 icavov1ot.1ic6 nAaioio t.nc; Eupwnalicfi<; 
Evwonc; Kai t.nv avav1m ouvtne:ia<; µe::t.a~u t.wv e::CXJte::piicW'1 Kai 
e::~W'te::piKWv t.n<; etoe:wv. 
Mtoa ot.n ouvoAiKn e:µ~£Ae:ia t.nc; GATT, 01 5ianpayµat.e:uoe:ic; via 'to 
e::µn6p10 unnpe::o1W'1 £xouv µe::vaAUT.e::pn ox£on µe:: etµa'ta oxe::'tiica µe:: 
aU"tfi 'tnv avop6. 01 bianpavµaT.e::uoci<; aU"t.£<; £xouv e::oT.iaot.ci o'tnv 
cnc~e::pvaoia e::v6<; nAaioiou apxC:W e::q>apµ601µwv o'to cpn6pio 6.hwv 
'tWV unnpe::oiC:W. To n.haioio aU"t.6 'tpononoifienice:: f1 ouµnAnpQenice:: an6 
T.oµe:aictc; onµe::iooe:ic; f1 napapt.fiµat.a via va Ancpeow un • 6'!'11 oi 
e::ibiicf c; an6~e::i<; t.wv 5iacp6pwv t.oµtwv. 
ria 'tl.<; 'tnAe::niicoi vwvie:c; t.o nap6p'tnµa icaAunt.e::i, ouyice::icpiµfva, 
1CO't6AAnAouc; 6pou<; via np6o~aon lCOl. xpfion t.0\1 bl.lC'tUOU. Ol. apx£<; 
nou £xouv Kaeopiot.e:i ot.nv Obnvia 90/387 /EOK oxe::T.iica µe:: t.nv 
Ilapoxn AVOl.X'tOU ~l.Kt.UOU (ONP) 1CQ1 'tnV Obnvia 90/388/EOK OX£'t1KO 
µe:: T.ov aV"tavwv10µ6 'tWV TnAe::n1ico1vwv101CC:W Ynnpe::oiC:W anoT.e::Aow T.n 
~aon t.n<; eton<; 'tn<; Ko1v6t.n'ta<;. 
H Eupwnalxn Ko1v6t.nt.a £xe::1 be::oµe::uoe::i µia oe::1p6 t.nAe::n1-
tto1vwv1aicC:W unnpe::oiW'1 ot.o 51anpaypat.e::U"t1ic6 T.n<; ox£610 Kai 
unapX0\1V OlC6µn Koe' ob6 npoe::t.Ol.paoie::<; yia ne::pal.t.fpw 
61anpayµat.e::uoe:1c; oxe:t.iica µe: t.nv ane:Ae:uetpwon "~aoitt<Jv" 
t.nAe:n1Ko1vwv1aicW'1 unnpe:oiW'1 nou CK'te::ivoV"tai nfpa an6 t.o oicon6 
t.Ou rupou t.n<; Oupouyouanc;. Me::t.6 an6 µ10 ne::piobo 5nµooiwv 
61a~ouAe::uoe::wv nou ea a1coAouenoe::1 t.n bnµooie::uon t.nc; Ilpaoivn<; 
Bi~Aou Kivnt.wv Ynnpe:oiwv, e:ice::ive::c; 01 npooe::yyioe::i<; nou ea t.U'xouv 
icaT.OAAnAnc; unoot.npi;nc;, ea e:vowµat.w9o6v ot.o Kavoviot.iic6 nAaioio 
t.nc; Evwonc;. Aut.6 ea ~onefioe::i ot.o oxnµat.10µ6 t.n<; 
5ianpavµat.e::ut.iicn<; 9£onc; t.n<; Koiv6t.nt.ac;. 
To e::µn6pio unnpe::oiW'1 icai e::~onAioµou ici vnt.C:W icai npoowniicC:W 
e::nl.lCOl.VWVl.cJv µe:: t.pit.e::<; XWpC<; 9a np£ne::l. VO 51.0lCl.VCi'tal. OUpq>WVO 
µe:: icoi v£<;, 61a51Kaoie:c; an• 6.ha t.a Kp6T.n M£An, ~aoioµtve::c; ot.i<; 
apx£<; t.ou n.haioiou t.n<; GATT. AA.ha 9£µa'ta µe:: aµe::on e::ni5paon O'tO 
e::µn6pl.O icai t.l.<; e::;avwvtc; t.n<; Evwonc; ea nptne::i e::nion<; va 
190 
21 un6ra~·l.V'tQl. OC OW't.OVl.Optvc~ 8fOCl.~, l.~l.ai 'C.q>a OC 6, 't.l. ~6 
etpa'tO· e~~c; cuaio8n'tc.JV 'tcxvoA.oyJ..W'l KOJ. pt-c~ nou civai 
anapci-c:n't.a yia 'tnv enit.cu(n J.oo&Napn~ np6o0aonc; O"CJ.«; civoptc; 
t.p!'.'CW X~. 
R vea, 0Ul1twia t:nc; GAft ea: nptne.i va e:~QOfGAit~i tva pnxaviop6 
yi:o t:nv cntttt.aon 'tn~ ancAeuttpwon~ 'tou eiUJopiou os 
'tn.A:c·n1•01vwvi.OK~~ unnpeoicc:,, nov va ~i6Cci cnnv IT¢ai\aon 1tai. 
>Cpa\on· 6.Ht.~ oe: 'tpit:c~ ~c;: JilC tva.1 c~ioopponn~vo t.¢no. 
111 
10 EYMIIEPAEMATA 
H napox~ KuytcA.oci6~v Kivnt~v pa6iotnAcniKO.lVCJV.lOK~v 11111Jpcoi~v c{anA0-
vctai pay6a1a nayKoop1~. 
H e:;OnAc,.xm a\J"tn e:;wee:it.ai :ac:upiwc; an6 t.ic; anait.noe:ic; 
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Vc..J\Tie:c;. Ev t.olit.oic;;, n ~aon -ot.6xoc; ouvf>popnt.W\'. 61cupll'vct.a1 
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e:v9applivouv t.ic; npoowniKtc; Kl.Vnt.tc; e:nl.KOl.Vc..J\Ticc;. Oi npoowni:ac:tc; 
:ac:i vnt.tc;; e:nu:oi vwvie:c;; ea Kat.aot.oll'v pi.a onpavi:iicn avt.ayc..J\71ot.1:ac:n 
pati:ac:n ayopa o' oA6:ac:Anpo t.ov K6opo npiv an6 t.o t.tAoc; t.ou ai<Jva. 
oi HVCJptvc<; noAi tc1c<; napaptvollV n pcya.Autcpn pova6iK~ ayopa yia 
KuytcA.oci6c1<; xivntt<; unnpcoic<; 
Av icai n pe:t.6~aon t.wv HilA ot.nv 1i'?l<pl.aKn t.e:xvoAovia Ka0uot.tpnoe: 
an6 t.n 6iap6xn via t.o noi.6 an6 t.ic; 6uo avi:aywvit6pe:ve:c; 
t.cxvoAovie:c;; 0a UJ.o0e:t.e:it.o, n FCC Kl.VE:it.al. npoc;; t.n 6npioupvia 
e:v6c;; ne:pi~OAAovt.oc;; via t.nv av6nt.u;n unnpe:oi<Jv npoownl.ic<Jv 
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ayop6. o avt.avwviop6c;; pe:t.a;u unapx6vi:wv :ac:ai vtwv Kat.6xc..J\T af>e:i<Jv 
oe: unnpe:oie:c;;, 6iaee:oip6t.nt.a icai t.e:xvoAoyia ea pnopouoe: va 
of>nynoe:i oe: pav6aio ~e:Kivnpa vtwv Kaivot.6pwv Kl.Vnt.W\' unnpe:oic,;,v 
ot.ic;; HnA. To e:v6ia<ptpov t.wv HilA oe: ouot.npat.a 6opu<popiKnc; ~aonc; 
e:ivai e:nionc;; tvt.ovo Kai, pe: pia e:;aipe:on, t.a Kovo6pt.ia nou 
npo°'tpouv unnpe:oie:c;; ptow 6oput6.PWV xapnAnc; ynivnc; t.poxiac; 
(LEO) 6ie:u0livovt.ai an6 t.ic; HnA. 
To GSH ava6cixvvctai ~ n nayx6opia tcxvoA.oy.la ava<popa<; yia Vfnf>.iaxd 
x.ivntd ovot~pata 
H t.e:xvoAovia t.ou GSM u108e:t.e:it.al. t.Wpo ot.nv EupWrin, Aoia, Mton 
Avat.oAn, Ke:vt.piicn Kal. Avat.oAiKn EupQrln Kai ot.nv CIS, txovi:ac;; 
unap;e:i t.o nf)Wt.o ouot.npa nou pnnKe: ot.nv ayop6. Ta anot.e:Atopat.a 
t.wv 01Kovop1c,;,v icAipaKac;; icai t.wv np6o9e:t.c..J\T f>uvat.ot.nt.c..J\T 6ie:8vooc; 
ne:piavwvnc;; nou npoo<ptpe:i t.o GSM Sa 9e:pe:A1c.Joouv t.n Stan t.ou we; 
t.nc;; navK60J:liac;; t.e:xvoAoyiac;; ava<pop6c;;. H unoot.flpi;n t.wv HilA 
ane:iAe:i va of>nynoe:i ot.nv uioStt.non t.nc;; t.e:xvoAoyiac;; t.c.JV HilA ot.n 
Aat.l.Vl.Kn A):l£pl.Kn 6nou t.O AJ:lE:pl.lC:QVl.K6 avaAoyJ.K6 ouot.n):la e:ivai 
e:uptwc;; uAonoin):ltvo. Ta \.1\!ffiA6 K6ot.n e:pno61Couv t.nv uio9tt.non t.ou 
Ianwvl.lc:oo npot.linou e:Kt.6c;; Ianwviac;;. 
Mc tnv xaBitp<JOn tou GSM ~ EuplAJilafxou xai nayx6op.iou npotlh1011 Ba 
t111dpxo11V onpavtixt<; vtc<; cuKaipic<; yia toll<; E11plAJilaio11<; xataoxc11aott<; 
Cf onA.l opou. 
Me: 6e:6optvn pia avobiKn e:owt.cpiKn avop6 ot.nv EupWr1n :ac:ai ioxupn 
av6nt.u~n t.ou GSM ot.nv ne:pioxn Aoiac;;/Eipnvuoo, 01 Eupwnaioi 
ic:at.aoKcuaot.tc;; nou e:ntAe:;av va Kavouv pe:v6Acc; cne:v6uocic;; ot.nv 
av6nt.u;n npo:C.6Vt.wv t.ou GSM ot.a t.tAn t.nc; 6e:Kae:t.1ac; t.ou 1980 
CiVOl. 0£ Kohr\ 0£on yia VO cnwcpc.hn90Uv an6 t.nV nayK60):ll.a 
av6nt.u~n t.wv ic:ivnt.W\' e:m.ic:oivwvi<Jv. An6 t.ouc; t~i pcyaAOt.e:pouc; 
napoxe:ic; unof>opnc; GSM 01 ntvi:e: e:ivai Eup<Alflaioi (Ericsson, 
Alcatel, Siemens, Philipa Kai Nokia) KOl. p6vo tvac;; (n Motorola) 
192 
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pmtp:Jllj:>68copa· oxcux~~ upt~ unoc5o}Ui~ JC-CU cf OllAJ.opo.t 
nap6 'to 6ti oi 8ic8ve::i<; ouovoµut~, Vcc.J\'9Qtl.l:t~ 1:01 KOl.VCAJVl.Kt~ 
c:sAAnAc;apt.6oci~ napoptvouv Ghll<N'tl.:d~ atnv cru.Aoyrt cv6~ 
ouyxele:pJ.µtvou npo'tU'nou, n oxe"t.11ti\ ~i.a9co.i.p6'tni:.a; 'tcxv11ti1 
rto16'tri1:-a 1Ca1, ciau6t.epa, t.o 1:do't~ i:.ou G8M oc ol)yxp.i.cm pc ~a 
qB\tl.<llta ouo'tl\}.lQT.Q· Eta Ka&opioouv ·u.c; t.cl:l.1'~ t.ov &Jvcn6t.ni:.cc;. 03. 
c·vappoviop~ve<; t.cxvu:tc; npo61oypapt~ T.ov ftlI ea-nptnci vo 
txouv ~ cmo'ti.Aeoµa µcyaMttcpn e:Aeukpia VJ.Cl· npoptiScia 
e~ortAioµoo an6 nollou~ nr.wn~~~ 1ta1 01icovopie( 1d~1.p:nc~, 
o6nyQ'1t.a~.,, tto1,, oc ntQoti ia:q t.ipt~ t.n~ ~~.. H eni&paon 
t<.JV I~ KQl. Ao:ia'tQv· KatQOK&:~ t.e:pµa"tl.ltoU C~OMl.OpoU Sa 
rtitoci aK6p.n npo<; t.a x6t<a> t.l.c; 'tJ.ptg 'tt.N :xcipooua.cuW\I xai ea 
Cino'td.toei pia P&VOAn n~Anon vi.a t.ouc; Eupuiaiovc; 
XOUlOKC\1QO"t t q. 
t'ia· tnv l<cvr.pixli JCc:.u Ava·"toA .. uuS Buptjnn xoi uv ClS 'to QSll Ba xar:aot:cl. 
n· t.·t.~v6Ao11.ct tttiAoy~ y.ia rynt1i01Ct~ xi vntt~ annpcolc~ 
Ect>.. 6oov pnoptoovv v' ono6copcU"t~ yptiyopa 01 avavxaic¢ 
ouxv6i:n'tec; cno <pdopo t.<.N 900 MHz, "to GSM ea u1o&ci:.n8e:i cuptc.>c; 
G't1c;;; gc:,pc~ atrtt~ ~ t.o npot.ipWpcvo n¢t.uno Vl.O :u vni:.tc; 
'litff'lf)CO'i C <;. 
fii.fil: 'EJlV' &t1pt41ta:t1ut EVIJOn Ila cJ.vai anapa1t:ntn n cv101t11an 'COU 
~oviopou 'th~ noAi UK~ o-cn .4.ic8vi1 Bvwon f'nAcn.ixo.i w.IY.uw 
llbaitepa 01 epyaoic<; n6vc.> ot.a nvnt.tl ouo'tr\pata 'tp·it.nc; vcv1~ 
8' anonfloow ~cva>.n npoooJtr\ 6aov acpop6 'tnv noA1 u.itfl. ff 1IARC 92 
txei avo.1tcl: onµavt.id<; nayJC6opi.cc; t"'7Ec; ouxvot.fa'tc.N alla txei. 
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tnv ~01v6'tn'ta tn~ Eupc.>nalxr\~ EVc.JOrM; 8a txei µcy6An onpaoio va 
Aapj36vovt.ai c:tuVtovioJ,Itvc~ 8toci.~ 6oov apopa pcAAov'tl.ictc; 
ttcrtc:D«i.JpfJosi~ ovxvot.frtwv f-t.01, ~~ va pnoptoouv va cm.>cpeAn8o\N 
oi EUP«idi.Kt~ jhopnxovicc; unnp.:oi.Q\r Kell c~o11Al.opoll'. 
Dpo~ ~o ncp1~6AAov ~wv npoOCA>II1XWv cn1xo1vc.JV1Wv 
np601vn Bi~Ao~ via xoivn npootyyion o~o nc6io ~c.JV 
xivn~Wv xai npoownixwv cn1xo1vwv1C:,V o~nv Eupwnalxn Ko1v6~n~a 
DAPAPTHMA ~ 
ANAAYEH THE EfiEKTAEHZ TQN APXQN 
THZ THAEfiIKOINCNIAKHZ DOAITIKHZ 
THE EYPQDAIKHE ENQZHZ 
ETON TOMEA TQN 
KINHTCN EDIKOINQNIQN 
194 
EIEArQt'H 198 
1 rENIKEE APXEE 199 
1.1 01 61at6~eic; t.n~ EuvSnKnc; t.n~ Eu~aI.K~c; 
Ko1v6t.nt.ac; 199 
1. 2 E<pappoyfl t.c.JV 61a\.6;cwv t.n<; Zuv&fumc; m.ov t.opta 
t.c.JY t.nACnl.lCOl. VCJJVl.Wv 199 
2 AnOKhEIZTIKA KAI EIZ1IKA l1IKAIOMATA 200 
2. 1 0 XCl.pl.op6c; t.c.JV ci.6u:CJv lCQl. anoKAel.Ot.l.ltcN 6J.KQl.(t.\10T.CAJV Ot.OV t.opta t.C..W 
t.nAenix:oi.Vc.JVl.Wv 200 
2.2 ff CfQPPoVJ\ t.nc; ouvSnx:nc; ot.a anOKACl.atl.lCO KQl. 
Cl.61.KO 61ic;:o14iat.a Ot..u; Kl.vnt.tc; Cnl.KOl.V<Nic~ . 201 
a) Oi. icav6vec; t.n<; cA.e:uSe:pn<; 6i.OK1vnonc; 'tc.JV unnpcoi<N 
202 
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v> Auvat.tc; anoicA.ioe:ic; an6 t.OU<; 1COV6vec; t.nc; 
tuvenicnc; 203 
3 OPOI AAEIOZ10THEHE ~APMOEIMOI ETHN EKMETAhhEYZH TQN EYETHMATQN KINHTQN 
4 EOIKOINQNIQN 205 
3.1 Baoiic:tc; opxtc; t.nc; Evwonc; 205 
a) rcvix:tc; apxtc; 205 
~) Ait.10Aoyno1po1 ne:piopiopoi ot.i.c; c0vix:tc; 
66cie:c; 206 
3.2 Baoix:tc; anait.noe:ic; 206 
3.3 Anait.nocic; 6nµ6oiac; unnpcoiac; pc t.n popq>n 
1tavov1opc;w cµnopiou 207 
3.4 Al.QplCCl.O 208 
3.5 AAAoi 6po1 nou cn1~6AAovt.a1 ot.ouc; cpopcic; cx:pct.6.AAcuon~ x:ivnt.C:W 
61.Kt.Uc.w 209 
a) npoot.aoia Oe:oµe:uµtvt.>V unnpcoi'1v 209 
P> TtA.n a6e:iac; 209 
v> AAAavtc; l.61.0Kt.noia~ 210 
3.6 npoWenon t.nc; avt.ayc.JV1ot.1x:nc; napoxnc; unnpcoiC:W: 
unoxp€WoCl.c; t.<.JV q>optc.uv ciq1et.6A.Aeuonc; x:i.vnt.C:W lhict.uc.uv 
210 
3.7 Opoi nou cq>apµ6~ovt.ai ot.ouc; napoxcic; unnpeoiC:W 
. x:ai ot.nv napoxn unnpe:oiW'1 x:ivnt.C:W cnix:oivwviC:W 211 
a) napoxn unnpe:oiCJv nou 6e:v un6x:cit.ai oe a6eio66t.non 
211 
~) Aiaoq>6Aion t.nc; ouµµ6pqx..>0nc; µc t.ic; ~aoix:tc; anait.noeic; x:ai t.ic; 
anait.noeic; 6nµ601ac; unnpcoiac; pc t.n popq>n x:avovio~ cpnopiou 
211 
EYXNOTHTEE 212 
4.1 E<papµoyn t.n~ no1it.iKn~ ~n~ Evwonc; ot.1~ p<l01oouxv6t.nt.cc; 
212 
4.2 Koivot.1Kt~ np<.r.>t.o~ouAi&~ o'tov t.oµta t.c.w 
ouxvot.n'twv 
196 212 
5 
6 
7 
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ouxvo~nt.wv Kai ot.ov ouvt.oviop6 oc Eupc.t.11alK6 . 
cninc6o 
4.4 Ilpot.cpai6t.nt.cc; ot.o nc5io t.ou o~oviopou 
ouxvot.nt.wv 
4.5 Koivot.iKn npootyyion ot.ov npoypappa~iop6 
ouxvo~nt.wv Kai ot.o ouvt.oviop6 oc 6ic0vfc; 
cn1nc6o 
IlPOETA!IA TCN ETOIXEION KAI TOY AnOPPHTOY 
AIAE~EH KAI AIEnA~EE 213 
215 
215 
216 
218 
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a) AiC1Acit.oupyiK6t.nt.a 220 
~) Aiaouv6con 220 
y) Aiat.a~cic; t.nc; OOnyiac; ONP yia t.ic; 
pioewptvcc; ypaµptc; 221 
6) Aiat.a~cic; t.nc; 06nyiac; ONP via t.n 
cpwvnt.iKn t.nAc~wvia 221 
6.2 0 µ£AAOVt.1K6c; p6Aoc; t.nc; ONP ct.a Kivn~a 
ouot.nµat.a Kai 6icna~tc; 222 
a) H 6icna~n ot.a9cpou I Kivnt.ou 222 
~) H 6icna~n Kivnt.ou I Kivnt.ou 223 
v> H 6icna~n ~opta cKµct.6AAcuonc; Kivn~ou 
6iKt.uou I napoxta unnpcoiC.:,V 224 
6.3 Ilp6o~aon Ot.1<; 5uvat.6t.nt.cc; vonµovoc; 61Kt.UOU 224 
a) Ilp6o~aon ot.ic; Acit.oupvicc; IN t.ou ot.a8cpou 61Kt.uou 
225 
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6iKt.UWV 225 
6.4 o p6Aoc; t.wv npotunwv ot.n 6iaoav6con 225 
H AIEPrAEIA AITHEHE/XOPHrHEHE THE AaEIAE 
7. 1 
7. 2 
7. 3 
7. 4 ncp1op10µ6c; t.ou apieµou t.wv ~optwv 
£Kµ£t.OAACUOn<; yia t.nv £KXWpnon ncp1op10µ£vwv 
n6pwv 
Apxtc; via t.1<; 61a6iKaoicc; 06Cl.066t.nonc; 
EniAovn 61a61Kao1wv a6cio66t.nonc; 
AUt.6µat.oc; anoKAcioµ6c; n oupncpiAn'!lll opioµtvwv 
an6 t.ic; 6ia6iKaoicc; 5cio66t.nonc; 
IlANEYPQENCEIKH EKMETAAJ\EYEH 
8.1 navcupwcvwoi.Kn napoxn unnpcoi<.:>v 
8.2 Apoi~aia ava'{vwpion a6ciwv cKµct.6AAcuonc; 
Kl.Vnt.Wv 61.Kt.UWV 
8.3 Aµoi~aia avayvwpion a5ciwv nou xopn'{l'l0nKav 
~60£1. t.nc; ocip6c; cit.none; 
8.4 AvoiKt.tc; 61a61Kaoicc; 6nou 01 api0µoi t.c.JV a6ciC:W 
civai ncpiopioµtvoi 
8.5 EUVt.ovioµtvn Koivot.iKn a5cio66t.non 
8.6 Aµoi~aia avayvc.Jpion cyKpiocwv t.unou 
198 226 
226 
227 
228 
~optc.JV £Kµ£t.OAACUOnc; 
229 
229 
230 
230 
231 
231 
231 
232 
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10 APiel«>AOTHtH 
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9. 2 Apxtc; c1txc::pnonc; apieµc.Jv u.vnt.<N unnpeol.CN 
9. 3 Euvtoviaµ6c; t.m; api0poo6t.nonc; 1t1vni:.<N 
unnpeoi.C.:W oc Koivoi:.1K6 cnincao 
9.4 Av6nt.u~n cv6c; Eupwnal1tou xt:>pou ap18~o66"tnonc; 
9. S llpooc.1uKoi icai cpopm:oi api9poi 
IAIA YDOAOMH KAI MEPitMOE YflOliOMHt 233 
233 
233 
234 
234 
235 
235 
10.1 Xpi\on i6iac; unoaoµnc; via uvm:tc; unnpeoicc;; 235 
a) Aiaot.pt~Awon t.nc;; 6oµnc; t.nc; ayo~ nou 
npoICum.e:i an6 t.ouc;: onpepi vol)c; nspiopiopouc; 235 
~) Koivot.11ttc; apxtc; nou QCPOpollv t.n· xp6on t.nc; uno6op6c; 
10.2 fip6o~aon oc t.onoeeoiec; Kai pcpiop6~ t.ono8eol.Wv 
lCQJ. unooopflc; 237 
237 
11 EYNAYAEMENH OPO~PA YnHPEtION MEEO tTAeEPON KAI JU:YPMATQN AIKTYQN 
12 
13 
14 
15 238 
11.1 Oi anait.noeic; t.wv npoowniK<.Jv e:n11toivwv1~ 238 
11.2 To xpovo~i6ypaµµa t.nc; TnAcni1toivwv10Kflc; 
Avao1t6nnonc; 238 
11. 3 Euv{)uaoptvn napoxfl cnaecp<N/uvnt.<N unnpeoic.N • • 239 
11. 4 Auvcn6t..nt.a o"tcouc; cpopcic; c1q1et.6AAcuonc; icivnt.c.N &iict..Uwv I\ oi:.ouc; 
avc~apt.nt.ouc; napoxcic; unnpeoic,;,., 
VQ pe"tanwAOUv fl VQ µct.6youv 1dvnon at.O ata8&p6 
6iK"t\JO }:l&t.Q t.O 1998 239 
11.5 ~uvat.6-c.nt.a oi:.ouc; cpopcic; eKµc-c.aA.Acuon~ 0t.a8cpcav 6ixt.U<.Jv va naptxouv 
ao~ppat.e:~ unnpe:oic~ 239 
11. 6 Ilpou:pa16-c.nt.e:<; i:nc; Evworn; O"tO X~ t.n<; 
a6cio66-c.nonc; y1a VO npoct.oiµaot.ci yia t.O 
nepi~OAAov t.wv npoown1K~v e:niKoiv.c..Ni<Jv 240 
rlPOZBAEH ZE TPIT~ XCPE~ 
OPOl!QnIKEE EnIKOINONIEt .llOPYil>OPIKHt ~Hl! 
f1POQ8Hl!H TOY IlAI:'KOEMIOY EYETHMATOE KINHTQN 
TMEililCOINQNICN (UMTS) 
197 240 
241 
242 
243 
ANAAYEH THE EDEKTAEHE TQN APXCN THE THAEDIKOINQNIAKHE DOAITIKHZ THE EYPQDAI!CBZ 
ENQEHE ETON TOMEA TQN KINHTQN EilIKOINQNIQN 
EIEArare 
Et.l.c; 22 IouAiou 1993 t.o Euµ~ouAio YnoupyC:.W uio0tt.noc t.o 'l'l'lcpioµa 93/C213/01 nou 
tecoc tva ouvo1'.iic6 xpovo616ypaµµa via t.n µcAA.ovtiKn av6nt.utn t.wv t.nAcniicoivwviC:W 
µtxpi t.o t.tAoc; t.nc; 6cicact.iac;. 
To 'l'l'lcpioµa t.ou Euµ~ouAiou, cnionc;, avayv'1pioc • t.nv av6nt. utn 111ac; µcAA.ovt unc; 
Koivot.iicnc; noAit.iicnc; ot.ov t.oµta t.wv icivnt.C:.W Kai npoac.>niicC:.W cniicoivwvic:.w•1 <..><; tvav 
icupio ~paxunp68co110 ot.6xo t.nc; Koivot.iicnc; TnAcniicoivwviCllCn<; noAit.iicnc; 
Mc t.nv cntict.aon t.c.JV apx<Jv t.nc; t.n1'.cn1Ko1vc.JV1aicnc; noAit.iicnc; t.nc; Evwonc; ot.ic; icivnt.tc; 
icai npoowni.Ktc; cniicoi Ve.JV ice;, 01 6iat.6~cic; t.nc; Euv0nicnc; t.nc; Eupc.tltlalicnc; Koiv6t.nt.ac; 
icai n ouvaivcon nou cni t.cuxenicc yupw an6 t.ic; etocic; nou npot.60nicav t.600 ot.nv 
Ilp601vn B:''3Ao t.0\1 1987 yia t.nv av6nt.u~n t.nc; Koivnc; Ayop6c; TnAcnl.KOl.VWVl.CllCC:.W 
Ynnpcoi.C:W icai E~on1'.ioµou2 600 icai ot.nv TnAcniicoi Vc.JVl.aicfl Avaoic6nnon 19923 ot.nv 
onoia ~aoiot.nicc t.o ~ncpioµa 93/C213/01, oxnµat.itouv pi.a tyicupn ~aon navw ot.nv onoia 
µnopci icavcic; va npoxwpnoci. 
1 
2 
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6np6oia~ cpwvn"tixti~ 'tnAccpwvia~, 6nAa6n "tnv 1 Iavouapiou 1998, pc np6o8£'t£~ pE'ta~a'tixt~ nepi66ou~ ptxpi ntV't£ xp6via vi.a 'tnv Ionavia, IpAavOia, EAA66o xai Dop"tovaAia xai, av ai'tioAovci'tai, 6~o 
£'tQV via 'tO Aou~Ep~oupvo. BAtnc Wn~iopa "tOU :Eup~ovAiou 93/C213/01 'tD~ 22a~ IouAiou 1993 via 'tDV 
avaox6nnon 'tn~ xa"t6o'taon~ O'tOV 'top.ta 'tc.>v "tnAcnixoi vwviaxQV unnpcoiQv xai "tnv av6vxn ne:pai "tf&>W 
av6n"tu~n~ o' au'tJ\v "tnv avop6, o. J. C213, 6. 8. 93. 
Avaxoivwon "tn~ Eni'tponti~ 'tn~ 30n~ Iouviou 1987, COM(87)290 "t£Aixti. 
Avaxoivwon "tD~ Enuponti~ 'tD~ 28n~ AnpiAiou 1993 via 'tD Anp6oia :Eutti'tDOD "tD~. Avaox6nnon~ 'tD~ 
xa"t6o'taon~ O"tov 'top.ta "twv "tnAcnixoivwviaxw unnpcoiw "t0\1 1992, COM(93)159. 
198 
1 rENIICEE APX2E 
Qiteqoop6>vt~ navw o'tn ve:viicn ouva.ive:on nou cni'tc'Ox9mc:c via 'tnv µcllov'tiicn 
.Qvani:U'~n 'tWV ·tnAcm.Jtoivwi~, · n noAl.'t.iicn ·'t.nc; Evc.xJnc; .c.x; npoc; u.c; ·ic:ivnu~c; icai 
npoowru.:Ktc; f;nld~oivwviec;; ,µnope:i va . npoxwpnoci oc cva api0p6 jiaau:c.W apxw, oi 
onoit:c; txouv c,q>QPpoot.ci eni 'tuxW<;; ou.c; 'tnAcn1icoiv(,Ni£c; cna8.cpou l>itc:'tuou ic:ai 
9'tl.c;; -~q>0p1xtc; en.u~oivwvicc;. 
-1\U"t:cc;; :.oi gpxcc; -~xouv e:.~ax8£1 an6 u.c; 6iaT.O:~c:is "tnc; ·.xuvetumc;: T.nc; Eupc...11a1icnt; 
I<;oivotn'tac; ( "·n Euv9tum" ), ci:5.i·KO"tcpa: 
To . Ap8po 3 ( c) nou QflQ.lt.£1 ''tn ·~nµ.i:oupyia in.a~ .cac.Jtcpitenc;: ayop6c; nou 8a 
XqpeK"tOpite:-c.a_i. an6 ·t.nv lta'.t.6pvnon, JlC'ta;u 'tC.dV Kpatc.W-McAG>v, uw c,µno5iw 
o~nv CA&u8cpn "6i.a1dvncm 'tt.JV ayaSc.dv, n~, unnpcoi'1v icai KCq>aAaiou. 
T:o .A.pBPQ .3{g) nou anai:Lci "'tn etom.on .£v6c;, ouati\pcnoc;: t.o onoio ea 
61.Qoq>aAf:~ci ·{ru 6cv .6i.aar.pe:{lAwve:'t.al. o ·avi:ayC;JV.J.:Op6c; cnnv cow'tcpitefl ayop6. 
To .Ap9po 3(1) nou npo6yci t.nv av:ta.ywv1o"t.J.K.6"tm.a t..nc; Eupc.>nalicnc; 
~l.opnxaviac;. 
To /V)8po 3 ( 111) nou e:v0appt"sve:i t.n ~n1uoupyia KCll avam.u~n 61.£1.T@CtlITaI~ 
6 J; K 'tUf,&JV. 
To Ap8po S .P.£ ·t;.o ·onoio T.a .Kp6i:n--M£An 6eOJ:1£UOVt.aJ. va £UIAnpcNouv i:ic; 
unoxpt:~l.<; "touc; nou anQpptouv ,an6 "tn ~etiic:n. 
To Ap/JJ>() :52 ~ 66 ,nou aq>opo\N o't.nv t:l.cu8cpia napoxnc; wmpcoiw ic:ai cnnv 
c~uecpi'(l evtea't6oi:oonc;. 
TQ Aplpa 85 ff .«aJ. 90 nou StL.ouv t.ouc; Koivouiooc; icav6vcc; avtay<Niopou. 
To Ap8pa 110 ·W(;' U6 nou Q(j>Opotiv 't.nv icoivn e~opiic:fl noAnun. 
To Ap:tlpo lJ.-O(a) nou a<pop6 i:nv uio9tT.non o6nyi.Wv' via 'tnv npootyyion t.wv 
6iat.6~.e:wv nou T.ieeV"tal. an6 vopo9co1a, ~avovioµe>Uc;: n 6io1.1mi:iic:tc; np6~f;i~ 
ot.a Kpa'tn-Mt.An nou crmpc6touv 6p€oa 't.nv 1ta9it~ icai Aci i:oupyia i:nc; 
~Q(IJ't~piicfu~ avo¢c;. 
( 
To Ap6po 129(b) nou <lq)Opa L.nv icaeitp<.JOn ic:aJ. av6m.u~n L.nc; 6npioupyia~ 
A;i.cu_pc.dt'Ialic:c.N A.l.JCT.Owv. 
H Jlp(loivn Bi~Aoc; t.ou 1987 o6nynoe i:nv Eupcanaltefl ~oi v6i:ni:a o't.nv ic:ah.cpwon i:nc; 
~oiic:~c; ~otvvionc; npoc; aui:6 nou eivai ~ n 'tnAcniteol.VCAJVJ.QlCfl noA.l."tl.Kn 'tn~ 
~u~atic:t\~ Evwon<; µtow: 
• 'tn<; an.eAeu9tpwonc; t.nc;; npoµneeiac; ic:ai i:nc;; napoxnc; 'tOU u:ppa't.J.Ko\l' K~ 
6i.K'tVOJCou e~onAioµou, 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 'tou 6iaxwpioµou 'tWV icavovio'tiicW\' Aci'toupviW\' ic:ai 'tWV Ae:i'toupyi.C:,V 
e:ic:pe:'tOAA.e:uonc;, 
'tnc; , 6iaocp6Aionc; ouv0nic:C:W avoinnc; np6o~aonc; o'ta 6b:'tua, ic:a0Wc; ic:ai 'tnc; 
6iaouve:pyaoiac; ic:ai 6iaoU'v5e:onc; µtow 'tnc; Ilapoxnc; AVOl.lC'tOU Al.lC'tUOU (ONP), 
'tnc; npoc;,enonc; 'tnc; Eupwna1ic:nc; 'tunonoinonc; µtow 'tnc; 6npioupviac; 'tOU 
Eu~a11COU IVO'tl.'tOU'tOU Tnh.e:nl.lCOl.VCiJVl.QKC:,V Ilpo'tUnWV (ETSI), 
'tnc; nAnpouc; e:cpapµovnc; 'tWV ic:av6vwv Koi vo'tiicou AV'tavwvioµou o'tic; oxe:'tiictc; 
e:nixci.pnoe:ic;. 
Iltpa an6 'ta Ap0pa 'tn<; Euv0nicnc; Kal. 'tl.<; apxtc; 'tn<; Ilp6oivnc; Bi~Aou 'tOU 1987, 0a 
nptnci va Ancp0oll'v un6'!'fl oi Ka'te:u0uv'tnpie:c; rpafµtc; o'tnv e:cpapµovn 'tWV icav6vwv 
aV'tayWVl.OpOU O'tOV t.Opta t.WV t.nh.e:nl.KOl. VCiJVl.Wv , ica0Wc; icai 01. ouvaic:6h.ou0cc; 
Avaic:oi 't~C:>acic; t.nc; Eni 'tponnc; Kai Ol. npo't6oe:ic; via vopo0e:oia icai oxt6ia 
Koivo'tl.lC~ 06nyi~. 
H KOl.VO'tl.lCn nOA.l'tl.Kn O't.O xwpo t.WV 6opucpopl.1C~ e:nl.lCOl.VCiJVl.~ 'tt0nice: oc pl.a 
np6oivn Bi~AO via lCOl.Vn npoocvvion O't.O ne:6io 'tWV 6opucpopl.1C'1v e:nl.lCOl.VCiJVl.Wv ic:ai 
ot.o ouvaic:6Aou0o 'l'ncpioµa t.ou ~uµ~ouAiou 'tnc; 19nc; Ae:ice:µ~piou 19915, ica0Wc; icai 
o'tic; ouvaic:6Aou0e:c; Avaicoivc.Joe:ic; t.nc; Enit.ponnc; icai npo't6ocic; via voµo0e:oia. 
2 AOOKAEIETIKA KAI EIAIKA AIKAICMATA 
Eva o'toixe:io-icAe:i6i 'tnc; ouvaive:oic; o'tnv Koivo'tiicn 'tnAcniicoi.vwviaic:n noAl.'tl.Kn 
unnp~C n £~Qh£.l'!'fl 'tCiJV µovonWAl.aKWV 5l.Kal.c..>µ6'tWV O'tOV 'te:pµa'tl.1C6 Kal. 6.llC'tUOlC6 
e:~onAioµ6 icai o'tnv napoxn 'tnAE:niicoi vwviaic:W\' unnpcoi~, 6nou a\Tt.6 6e:v e:ivai 
oup.~a't6 µe: 'tn Euv0nicn. 
2. 1 0 xcipiop6c; 'tWV Cl.61.IC:Wv ica.l QflOlCACl.O't.l.lCWv 6u~a1c.>p6't.WV 
't.nAcn:ucoi vwvic.Jv O't.OV 't.Opfa 't.(AJV 
4 
5 
6 Ta OX£'t.l.1C6 µe: t.nv ica'taoice:un Ka.l npoµI'l0e:ia 'tnACnl.lCOl.VCiNl.QlCOU 'tCppat.l.lCOU 
e:~onAiopou, anoKAe:io'tiic6 Kai e:i5iK6 f>iicaiWµa'ta anai 'tn0nice: va ica'tapvneoU'v we; 
anou~Acopa 'tnc; uio0tt.nonc; an6 'tnv Koiv6'tn'ta 'tnc; 06nviac; 88/301/EOK6 ( "n 
Of>nvia 'tou -Te:pµa'tiicou E~onAioµou" ). To aV'tiice:ipe:vo 'tnc; e:cpappoync; a\Ttnc; t.nc; 
o6nviac; e:ne:ic't60nice: o'tnv ica't6pynon 'tWV ne:piopioµ~ o'tnv icat.aoice:un, npoµI'l0e:ia, 
e:ioavfil\(n, oU'v6e:on, eton 0£ A£l.'t0Upyia icai OUV'tnpnon 't6oo 'tOU 'tCpµa'tl.lCOU 600 
icai 'tOU 6iic'tuaic:ou e:~onAioµou. Kaµia 6161Cpion 6e:v tvive: pe:'ta~u t.ou e:~oI1Aioµou 
Vl.a xpnon O'tO CVOUpµat.O 6iK'tUO Kal. 'tOU C~OnAl.OpOU nou XpnoiponOl.Cit.al. pc fl OC 
tva aoll'ppat.o 6iic:'tuo. 
H napoxn ici vnt.ou u:pµat.iicou Kai 5iitt.uaic:ou c~onAiopou civai cnoptvc.x;: avoiic'tn 
O'tOV avt.aVCiNl.0µ6 an6 'tO t.£Aoc; 'tOU 1988. 
OJC233, 6. 9. 91. 
npoc; nav£upwnalx6 ouo'tn~a'ta xai unnpcoic~ -np6oivn Bi~Aoc; via pia xoivn npootvvion 01:0 xwpo 't.WV 
6opucpopi.xw Enuoivwviwv, COM( 90) 490 't.CA1ltn, 20. 11. 90 xai. Wncpi.~a 't.OU >:uplouA.iou 91C8/01 't.Dej; 
19nc; ll£xcp~piou 1991 via 'tnv av6n'tv~n 'tnc; xoivnc; avop6c; vi.a 'tic; 6opucpop1xtc; cnixoivwvicc; xai. 
vnnpeoicc;, OJ ca, 14. 1.92. 
KOl.VO'tl.Xn o&nvia 301/88 'tnc; 16n~ Malou 1988 OXE'tl.X6 PE 't.OV aV'taywvi~6 oi:ic; ayoptc; 
'tnAcDiXOl.VWVl.QXWV 't.Cppa'tixwv, OJ L131, 27.5.88. 
200 
H napoxn unnpt:Ol.Wv ic:ivnt.W\7 e:m.icoivwviC:,V c~aipt9mce: pm.a an6 'to avti.iccipcvo 
'tnc;; 06nvia~ 'tOU Eup~ouA.iou t.nc;; 28nc;; Iouviou 1990 oxc'tl.Ka pc 'tOV avtavwvioµ6 
O'tl.<;; avoptc; 'twv 'tnAe:niicoivwvi.aKW\7 unnpcoJ.Wv, ( "n 06nvia 'twv Ynnpe:oi.Wv") 7• H 
06nvia a\Ttfl ane:A.cu0£pwoe: 6.A.e:c;; T.J.<; u1Ae:ni.icoi. vwvi.OKtc;; unnpcoicc; cn6c; an6 'tl.<; 
~aoiic:tc;; unnpcoicc;; q><.JVnt.iicflc; t.nAe:q><.JViac;; ic:ai t.nv napoxn tuaiic:nc; 6iic:t.ucn:nc;; 
unooopflc;;. A\Tt.6 e:ntt.pcwe: t.nv ovtavwviot.ufl napoxfl unnpcoiWv 6e:6optvw 
npOO'tl.9tµcvnc; a~iac; KOl. KOnOl.WV cpwvnt.l.KcJv unnpeol.cJv an6 t.O 'ttAoc; 'tOU 1990 KQl. 
t.wv unnpcoiw e:nir.:oivwviC:,V 6e:6oµtvwv an6 t.nv ln Iavouapiou t.ou 1993. 
H 06nvia 'tc.JV Ynnpe:oJ.Wv npoo6i6pioe: anot.cA.copat.iica a\Tta t.a anor.:Aci.ot.iica icai 
£1.f>l.KO 61.KQl.WpOt.O KOl. t.l.c; KaVOVl.Ot.J.Ktc;; 61aa<paA.ioe:ic;; ( Cl.6l.K6t.cpa, t.ouc;; 6pouc; 
a6cio66t.nonc;) t.ic; onoie:c;; t.a Kp6t.n-MtAn µnopouoav e:iccivn t.nv e:noxfl va 
6iat.npnoouv oc oupp6pq>won µc t.nv Koivot.iicn vopo0coia icai, ci6iic6t.cpa, pe: t.ouc;; 
icav6vcc;; avr.aywvioµou. 
01 ancAe:u9cpwµtve:c;; unnpe:oie:c; ea µnopouoav va un6ice:ivtai oc 6pouc;; 
00£l.066t.non~, un6 t.nV npoUn68e:on 6t.l. U~t.Ol.OU e:i6ouc;; 6i.a6l.KOOi£<;; 9a £iV01 
6iapavcic;, ~aoioµtve:c;; oe: µn oiicovoµii<a icai xwpic;; 6i.01Cpioe:ic;; icpi t.npia. OJ. 
ne:piopioµoi oe: t.ct.oie:c;; a!>e:ie:c;; ea nptne:i va ne:piopitovr.ai ot.ic;; .. ~aol.lct'<; 
anai t.noe:ic;;.. 6nA.a6n ot.nv aocp6Ae:ia Kai ot.nv 01Ce:pa16'tnt.a t.ou 6iict.uou icai, oc 
ait.ioA.oynµtve:c;; ne:pint.Woe:ic;;, ot.nv 6iaAe:it.oupyiic6t.nt.a icai t.nv npoot.aoia ~c..JV' 
6e:6oµtvwv. Et.nv ne:pint.won unnpe:Ol.Wv 6e:6oµtvwv via t.O e:upu KOl.V6, ea µnopouoav 
va cni~An000v OAAcc;; icavoviot.iKtc;; 6iaocpaAiocic;; µc t.n popq>n anait.noe:wv 6nµ6oiac;; 
unnpcoiac;; un6 t.nV µop<pJ\ KQVOVl.Ol,lWv cµnopiou J\ Vl.O Va 61.aOcpahl.Ot.Ci 6t.l. n 
napoxn t.nc;; ~aoii<nc;; cpwvn'tii<nc;; t.nA.e:q><.JViac;; ot.o cupu ic:oiv6 6cv ea unovoµcuovtav. 
0 Ovtl.K£l.µ£Vl.lC6c;; oicon6c;; t.nc;; O!>nyiac;; t.WV Ynnpcoi.c;w flt.av VO f>l.CUKpl.ViOCl. t.nv 
e:cpapµoyfl t.wv ic:av6vwv t.nc;; Euv8nicnc;; oc Kpat.iic:a ptt.pa oxct.i.ic:a pc t.i.c;; 
e:m.xe:ipnoe:ic; Ot.O nA.aioio t.OU Ap8pou 90 O"C.OV t.oµta "C.WV t.nAe:nl.KOl.VWVl.cJv, O"C.O 
~a0µ6 nou a\Tta t.a µ£t.pa icavovH~ouv t.nv napoxfl t.nAe:m.icoivwviOKC:W unnpe:oiw 
pct.a~u onµcic.JV an6An;nc;; ot.a6e:pou 6i.ict.uou t.ou 6np6oiou 6i.ict.uou. 
O anoic:Ac1op6c;; t.c.JV Kl. vnt.W\7 e:nu:oi vwvJ.Wv an6 t.nv 06nvia t.c.JV Ynnpe:oiw 6cv 
cµno6itc1 'tnv ccpapµoyn ot.nc;; Euv9ni<nc;; t.nc;; Eupwnalic:nc;; Koiv6t.nt.ac; ot.ov t.oµca t.wv 
Kl. vnt.Wv cnl.KOl. VWVl.Wv. Ol. Kav6ve:c;: avtOVCAJV'l.Ol,lOU t.nc;; Euv8J\Knc;;, Ka8Wc; lCQl. 01. 
Kav6ve:c;; nou -oxe:t.itovt.ai µe: 't.nv e:A.e:u8cpn 6i.01Civnon aya8Wv icai unnpe:oi.W\7, 
µnopo0v va e:cpapµoot.ouv Kai txouv e:cpapµoot.e:i o'tnv napoxn unnpcoi.<Jv Kai 
e:;oflAiopou Kivnt.c:>v e:niicoivwviwv8• 
2. 2 H ccpapp.ovn t.nc;; ouv0J'nmc;; o"C.a anoicA.ci.ot.i.ic:a 1tai c161ic:a 
Kl.Vnt.tc; Cnl.KOl.VCaJVicc;; 
7 
8 H nAflpnc;; ccpapµovn t.wv Kav6vwv 't.nc;; Euv8nic::nc;; ot.ov t.opta t.wv Kivnt.w 
e:niicoivwviw npouno0tt.e:i. t.nv anouoia n t.nv Kat.apynon t.wv unapx6vtCtJV 
anoKACl.Ot.l.KcJv KQl. Cl.51.lCWv !>J.KCJ.Wµat.w'v Ot.OV t.oµta t.WV Kl.vnt.C:W t.nAe:nl.KOl.VWVl.C:W. 
EninA.tov, oi Kl. vnt.tc;: icai npoowru.:actc;: e:ni.icoi. vwvic~ nptnci va c;e:t.00800v ot.o 
nA.aioi.o ~WV OUVOhl.KWv OV'tl.KCl.l,l£Vl.KWv o~6xwv ~n~ Euv9nKn<; KQl. t.OU vtou 
nep1~6.A.A.0Vt.oc;; nou npoicunt.e:i an6 t.n ouµcpwvia "C.nc;; icat.apynon~ t.wv cvanoµe:v6vtc.JV 
anoic:A.ci.o'ti.KC:W Kai ci6ii<W\7 6i.ic:ai.wµ6"t.CJV o~nv napoxn 'tWV unnpcoi.W\7 cpwvnt.u:nc;; 
~nAe:cpwvia~ an6 t.nv ln Iavouapiou 1998. Oi oxe:t.iicoi ic:av6vc~ civai, ci6iic6~cPQ, 
'ta Ap9pa 59, 85, 86 KOl. 90. 
Koi.vou.xil 06nyia 90/388 "tnc; 28nc; Iouviou 1990 oxe"C.11t6 pE "tov crnavwvi.op6 cn1c; avoptc; "tc.N 
"tnA£Dl.1toivwv1axwv unnpEoiwv, OJ Ll92, 24.7.90. 
Eirpaqe, An6cpaon "tnc; Ennpom'lc; 91/562/EOX. OJ L306/22. 
201 
a) Oi Kavovc~ 'tn~ c.A.crJBcpn~ 6.iaK1vnon~ 'CC.JV unnpcoi(.Jv 
To Ap0po 59 'tnc; Euv8nicnc; anai'te:i 'tnv Ka't6pynon 6ACJN 't.CJN ne:piopioµC:W o'tnv 
e:Acuee:pia napoxnc; unnpe:oiC:W o"tnv Koiv6'tn'ta. H napaxc.;,pnon anoicAe:io'tiicw 
Kai e:i.61.K<N 6iicaiwp6't.CJN o'tnv e:i<µc"taAAe:uon 't.CJN Kl.vn't.C:W l>l.K't.UCJN icai ot.nv 
napoxn unnpe:oi<Jv i<ivn't.Wv e:niicoivCJNi.C:W µnope:i va ano'tpf'1fCl. t.nv av6nt.u~n 
navcupwna:tic<Jv cpoptCJN cicµe:'taAAe:uonc; Kl. vnt.C:W e:niicoi VCJNl.C:W icai napoxtw 
unnpcoi.C:W, ica8Wc; icai 6uvn'tl.1C6 va e:µno61oe:i t.nv e:ioo6o tµne:i.PCJN cpoptw 
e:icµct.aAAcuonc; icivn't<N e:niKoivwviC:W icai napoxtCJN unnpcoi<Jv an6 tva Kpat.oc;­
MtAoc; 0£ OAAe:c;: e:0Vl.Ktc; ayoptc;. 
~) 0.l JCQVOVC~ QV'CQYCJV.lopou 
Evw un6ice:i "tai o"tnv e:i6:u:n ica"tao"taon icaee: "toµta 'tnc; ayopac;, n llnap~n 
anoicAe:io'tl.KWv 6iicaiwµ6"twv o'tov "toµta 't.WV icivn't.C:W e:niicoivwviC:W µnope:i va 
txe:i we; ano't£Ae:oµa "tov onµav"tiic6 ne:piopioµ6 o'tnv napoxn unnpe:oiC:W icivn't.C:W 
e:niicoivCJNi.C:W. Ev6£xe:'tal., e:nionc;, va txe:i we; ano"ttAe:oµa 'tnv e:ni~p66uvon 
'tnc; e:ioaywync; vtwv, nponyµtvwv unnpe:oiC:W icai av'tayCJNiot.iicC:W t.e:xvoAoyiC:W. 
E'tnv ne:pint.won 'twv KU'!f£Aoe:i6W'V avaAOVl.KWv unnpe:oic.Jv, via nap66e:iyµa, 'ta 
anoicAe:io'tiK6 6u:aiwµa-ca oe opioµtva Kp6t.n-M£M o6nynoav oe: noAu 6vion 
av6n'tu;n t.nc; unnpeoiac; µe: avacpu6µeva npo~Mµat.a 6nwc;: o · icope:oµ6c; t.ou 
61ic"tuou. Tt-coi·a npo13Anµa-ca ouoowpe:Ut.nicav o' a\1"t6 'ta Kp6t.n-M£An nou 
avatnt.noav e:nionc; anoKA£l.O'tl.K6 6iicaiWiiat.a oe: oxton µe: t.o GSM. 
I6iait.e:pa, t.o owpe:u'tl.K6 ano-c£Aeoµa 'tn<;: napaxc.;,pnonc;: oe:ipac; anoKACl.Ot.l.KC:W 
61.Kaiwpa'twv oe: tvav icai µ6vo cpopta c1tµct.OAAe:uonc;:, xwpic;: t.ic;: icat.OAAnAcc; 
6iaocpaAioe:ic;:, e:ne:ic"te:ive:i t.nv icupiapxia e:v6c;: "toµta t.nc;: ayop6c; oe: tva 
vci"toviic6 t.oµta oe: avt.i9e:on µe: 'to Ap9po 86 EK icai e:v6txct.ai va onµaive:i 
6'tl. o cpoptac; e:icµe:t.OAAe:uonc; txe:i µiicp6 icivnt.po va e:veappUve:i t.nv µe:t.~aon 
an6 µia t.e:xvoAoyia oe OAAn, oe avt.19e:on µe: tva aVt.ayCJN1ot.1K6 npoµn0eUt.n o 
onoioc;: e:v6£xe:t.ai va £131\ene: t.ouc; ouv6poµnt.tc;: µiac;: naAal.6'tcpnc; t.e:xvoAoyiac;: 
we; ~ao1K6 ot.6xo t.nc; avopaAoviicnc; ot.pat.nyiKnc; t.ou. 
H llnap~n e:v6c; µova6iicou cpopta e:icµe:t.OAAe:uonc; 6iict.uou, n cv6c;: ne:piopioµtvou 
api0µou cpoptwv e:niAe:vµtvwv µe: µe:poAnnt.l.K6 'tp6no n anoAaµ~av6Vt.wv e:v6c;: 
e:161icou nAe:ove:ic"tnµa-coc;, oe K69e: Kp6'toc;-Mt.hoc; e:v6£xe:'tal. va ne:piopioe:i 'tov 
avtaywvioµ6 unoxpe:C:WoVt.ac;; t.ouc; -ce:Aiicouc; xpnot.e:c;; aAA6 icai t.ouc; napoxe:ic;: 
unnpe:oiC:W va anoKt.noouv t.600 6iict.uaKn np6o~aon 600 icai napoxn unnpe:oiC:W 
an6 µia µova61Kn n nepiopioµtvn nnvn, xwpic; va un6pxe:i anapai'tn'ta 
onoia6nnot.e: t.e:xviicn ait.ioA6vnon via 'ttt.oia 6toµe:uon. AUt.6<; o ne:piopioµ6c;; 
O'tl.<;; e:niAovtc;; 't.0\1 neA6t.n µnope:! va e:ni~apuv0e:i µe: icavoviot.iicouc;: 
ne:piopioµouc;; ot.ov av-cavwvioµ6 o-co e:nine:6o t.nc; napoxnc; unnpe:oic.Jv. E'tnv 
ne:pint.won t.WV Kl.Vn"tWv E:fil.KOl.VWVl.cJv pa6ioe:nl.KOl.VWVl.aKnc;; ~6onc;;, OJ. 
avnouxie:c; 't.WV av-cavc ... n11~oµtv·wv µe:vaAC:Wouv an6 t.n . ouµcp6pnon nou 
6nµioupyci-cai A6vw 't.nc; ncpiopioµtvnc;: 61a8e:o1µ6t.n'ta<;: 'tou cpaoµat.oc;. 
AnoicAe:iot.iic6 6iicaiwµa-ca 6nwc;: au-ca nou anopptouv an6 't£'toia ne:piopiot.iic6 
cpaiv6µe:va 6e:v e:ivai ouµ~at.6 µe: t.ouc; Kav6ve:c;; aVt.aywvioµou icai e:161ic6'te:pa 
µe: t.o Ap0po 90 oe: ouv6uaoµ6 µe t.o Ap0po 86. 
H xpnon µia µe:poAnnt.iKnc;; 6ia6iicaoiac;; a6eio66'tnonc;, ( 6nAa6n µiac;; 
61a61icaoiac;; nou 6ev 13ao1~e-cai oe avt.iice:iµe:viicQ, 6iacpavn icai xwpic; 
6iaKpioe:ic;; icpit.npia, oe:~6µe:vn t.nv apxn t.nc;; avaAoviic6'tnt.ac;;), e:ni~apU've:i t.a 
202 
ne:pl.OplOt.l.lc.:6- cpal. v6µcva t.WV anoKAE:l.O'tl.KcN KQl. E:l.6l.KcN 6l.KQl.c..>pC:~1'tc.N, 
cni~pa6U'1ci t.l.<; t.e:xvoloyiKt<; icaivot.oµicc; icai cµno6itci t.ouc; oupµct.txovt~c; 
ot.nv ayop6 va anoAaµ~6vouv 6Aoi iocc; cuicaipicc; ot.nv np6o~aon ot.ouc; 
ncpiopioµtvouc; n6pouc; ouxvot.nt.wv. 
y) AtTVat:t~ anoxAioci~ ano t:ov~ Kavovc~ ~n~ Euv8~Kn~ 
E\)pqx,.Na µc t.o Ap0po 90(2) n µn ccpappoyfl t.wv 6iat.6~cwv 'tn<; Euv0nicnc; µnope! 
va ait.ioloyn9ci µ6vo oc ncpin'tWocic; 6nou oi ccpapµoyfl t.ouc; oc cnixcipnocic; 
nou anoAaµ~6vouv ci6iic6 Kai anoicAciot.iic6 61ica1Qµat.a •sa CJll166iCc cx t:ou 
v6pou ~ Cl< 'ttJV npaypdt:t.JV t:nv CK'CtAcon cv6~ tpyou yCVJ.KOIJ' O..lKOVOJl.UCOIJ' 
cv6iatplpovto~·· Qc; c~aipcon ot.n ycviicl'l cpiAoo<><pia t.nc; Euv0l'licnc; va aipoVt.cu 
oi. cppay1:1oi o'tn 6n1:11oupyia t.nc; cO<.Jtcpul'lc; ayop6c; icai va npoaye:'tal. tva 
ouot.npa uyciouc; av"tayc.Nioµou, t..o avt11ecip.evo aU"t.ou t.ou Ap&pou cpµnvcuct.ai 
1:1c t.n ot.cvn t.ou tvvoia. ' 
Et.nv 06nyia t.wv Ynnpcoiwv, n ouvtxion t.ou povonc.ilhiou t.nc; ~~ 
ai t.ioAovnenice: ouµcpwva µe t.o Ap0po 90 ( 2) l6vw t.nc; anoot.oAnc; ica9oll.ltn<; 
unnpe:oiac; nou cixe: avat.c0ci ot.ouc; 6nµ6oiouc; cpopcic; cicµct.OAAcuonc; oc 6Aa 
t.a KpO'tn-MtAn. Ei6u6t.cpa, 'tO povonc;,Aio t.nc; <pwvm.ucnc; 'tMC<pwviac; i 8a 
6iaocp6Aitc 6't1 oi cpope:ic; cKµe:t.61'.Acuonc; ea 6iat.npouoav e:napicn cioo6nµat.u:n 
~6on via t.nv napoxn t.nc; Ka0oAiicnc; unnpcoiac;. 
An6 t.nv 6.A.An nAcup6, n cupcia ~n1:16oia out1hnon icat.6 'tn 616piccia t.ou 1992 
o6nynoc ot.o ou1:1ntpaoµa 6t.i t.o µovonQ1\io 6cv ea nt.av nAtov avavicaio pct.a 
t.nv anapai t.nt.n 
ncpio6o npooapµoync;. To ouµncpaoµa aUt.6 tyivc ano6cict.6 an6 t.o Eup~ouAio. 
To l!'flcpioµa t.ou Euµ~ouAiou 93/C213/02 cni~c~aie,;,vci, we; anou~Ae:opa 'tn<; 
TnAcniicoiv<.rJViaxn<; AvaoK6nnon~ 'tou 1992 6'tl. 'to ~aoiK6 povonc;,Aio fwvnc; 6cv 
ea n't.OV nACOV Ql.'tl.OAoynµcvo an6 'tnV 1 Iavouapiou 1998 lCQl. µct.6 (µc 'tnv 
e:~aipcon np6o0e:t.wv µct.ai3at.iK~ ne:pi.6&Jv ptxpi ntvt.c c'te,;,v via 'tnv Ionavia, 
IpAav6ia, Ell66a KOl.. Oopt.OVoAia KOJ. 6nou cival. OJ. 'tl.OAoynµtvo µtxpl. 6\)o 
&'tQv . via t.o Aou~cµ13oupvo) 01C6µn Kai' via va cyyuneci t.nv napoxn t.nc; 
cp<..JVnt.iicnc; t.nAccpwviac; via t.o cupu icoiv6 µcow t.ou o'ta9cpou 6iic'tuou. 
Ev avapovr\ t.n<; nAr\pou<; ane:Ae:u9tpwon<; 6nwc; ouµq><.rJVI't9nice: ot.o Eup~ouAio t.o 
avtJ.Kciµcvo 'tn<; cnicpuAa~n~ via t.n <pf.a.>Vnt.iicn 'tnAccpwvia we; c~aipcon an6 t.o 
vcviK6 icav6va t.ou avt.aywvioµou nptne:i va 6icpµnvcu0c1 µc t.n ot.cvn tvvoia. 
O opioµ6c; t.nc; c~aipe:on<; t.n~ ~wvn't.J.Knc; t.nAcq>c.JViac; ~ev cncK'tcivct.ai Wc'tc va 
KaAm.te:i unnpcoic~ avaAoyiKn~ icai '!'fl~l.OKnc; KU\!'e:Aoc16ou~ t.nAccpwviac; • 
• To avt.iKciµcvo t.ou opioµou ot.nv 06nvia t.wv Ynnpe:oie,;,v ncpiopitci t.ny 
cpwvnt.J.Kn t.n.hcq><.i>Via9 ot.nv ancu0ciac; pct.apop6 Kai pct.ayc..>yil 'tn<; opiAiac; 
J:lC<X.i> 't.OU 6nµ6oiou 'tnAe:nJ.KOJ.Vf.Nl.QlCOU 6J.K't.UOU pe:'t.Q~\) buo onpci<.rJV 
an6An~nc; 6iic'tuou. oi icivnt.t~ unnpcoicc; napcxovtai µe:t.a~u cv6~ 
onpciou an6An~n<; 6J.Kt.uou Kai e:v6~ Kl.vn~ou O'ta8µou ~6onc; µOAAov nap6 
cv6c; 6.hAou onµe:iou an6An~nc; 61.Kt.uou ot.o 6nµ6oio 61ict.uo. 
Eninpoo0t'twc;, n xpnon 'tc.N Kl.vnt.t.:>v 6J.Kt.UWV via 61a0Uv6con µe: µio9tiJJ:J.C­
ve:c; vpaµµc<;, VJ.O ~ap66E:l.Vl10, via VO µct.a<ptpouv KiVnon µtoo OC 
Ct.Ol.f)J.K6 61Kt.UO n OC KACl.Ot.t<; op66e:<; xpno'te,;,v, ea O't.QV e:nionc; CKt.6~ 
H 9WV11'tlK6 't~vio opitc'tal o'tnv 06nyia 'tnc; Eni'tpom\~ 90/388/EOX (06nyia 'tWV YDllJ>COlWv) ~ n 
cpnopi.itn na90xil via 'tO KOl v6 ancu&ciac; pc'tapo,Pdc; 1r.a1 pc'taywyiic; 'tnc; opi.Aia( oc npaypai: u6 x,p6vo 
ptow onpciwv an6An~nc; 61x'tuou 'tOU 6np601ou 61x't~ou pc'tavwvtic;, 6ivoV'ta( 'tn auva't6'tn'ta oc 
onoiov66no·u: xpl\o'tn va xpno1pono16oc1 ctonA10µ6 ouv6c&cµtvo oc tva 'tt'toio onpd.o on6An~n~ 6u'tl)ou via va cn11r.01vwvi\on pc tva 6.A.Ao onpcio an6An~n~ 61s'tl)ou. 
203 
01 Kl.Vn'ttc; unnp£oie:c;, £noµtv~, 6£v £1:lllin'touv o'tov op10µ6 'tn~ 
cpwvn'tl.Knc; 'tnA£cpwviac;" O'tOV 06nvia 90/388/EEK. 
EninAtov, ~60£1 µiac; 'tf 'toiac; oupcpwviac; o'to Eup~ouAio, n 61a'tnpnon 
anOKhCl.O'tl.lCWv fl Cl.6l.KWv 611ca1wp6'tWV O'tOV 'toµta 'tWV lCl.VO'tWv Cnl.KOivwviW\T 
6cv ea l:lllopouoe: va e:ne:K'ta0e:1 µc't6 an6 tic; nµe:popnvie:c; nou oupcpwvn0nicav 
o'to Eup~ouAio via va npoo'ta'te:u0o6v 01 6e:oµcuptvcc; cpwvn'tiictc; unnpcoie:c; • 
• 
• H napoxn ica0oAiKn<;; 6nµ6oiac;; unnpcoiac; cpwvnc; icai 61ic'tuou civai 
an10avo va unovoµe:u8e:1 an6 'tnv np6o9e:'tn ane:Ae:u0tpwon O'tOV 'toµta 'tWV 
icivn'tC:W cniicoivwv1wv npiv 'tnv ln Iavouapiou 1998. To 95% 'tnc; icivnonc; 
'tWV Kl. vn'tWv 61.lC'tUWV npotpXC'tQl. an6 'tO, n lCO'taAl'lVCl. O'tO, PSTN, 
naptxov'tac; f'tOl. O'tO <P,Opta e:icµc'tCAACUOnc; 'tOU O't09cpou 61.lC'tUOU µia 
ouo1ao't1Kn pon e:1006nµa'toc;. 01 Kl.Vn'ttc; unnpcoie:c; 6n~ naptxovtai 
onµcpa civai e:noµtvwc; µ10 ouµnAnpwpa'tiicn nnvn c1006npa'to<;; via 'touc; 
TO p6AAov nap6 tvac; 'tp6noc; va napaicaµcp0o\l'v 'ta 6iic'tua icai 01 
unnpcoie:c; 'touc; • 
TtAoc;, n e:µne:ipia O't l<;; OV'tOVWVl.O'tl.Kt<;; avoptc; Kl. VO'tWv e:nl.KOl. VWVl.W 
't6oo o'tnv Evwon 600 Kai t;w an6 au'tn 6e:ixve:1 6'ti n pay6aia avan'tu~n 
'tWV icivn'tWv unnpe:oiwv 6e:v txe:1 unovope:uoe:i 'tnv napoxn 'tn<;; ica9oAiicnc; 
unnpe:oiac;;. npavµa't1, 01 Kivn'ttc; unnpe:oie:c; l:lllOpoUv va txouv µia 
onµav't1icn ouve:1ocpop6 o'tnv cni'tcu;n 'tou o't6xou 'tnc; ica80A1icnc; 
unnpe:oiac;, via nap66e:1vµa, naptxovtac; 01icovoµ1K6 oupcptpouoa np6o~aon 
oc anoµ01Cpuoµ£ve:c; ne:pioxtc; n naptxovtac; np6o~aon oc unnpcoicc; 
fK'tQlC'tO<; QVOVKO<; 6'tOV CiVOl. lCaVcic; paicpua an6 pl.a OUv6COO 'tOU 
O't09cpou 61.lC'tUOU. 
Ynapxci avavicn va 6nµioupvn9e:i tva e:uvo!ic6 ncp1~6AAov via 'tn vpnvopn avan'tu;n 
'tWV icivn'tW\T unnpcoiW'l ica1 'tnv e:;tAi;n npoc; tva ne:pi~OAAov npoowniicW\T 
e:nl.KOl. VWVl.Wv. Ta anoKAE:.lO't.lKQ KOl. e:161K6 61ica1wµa'ta O'tOV 'toµta 'tWV lC.l vn'tWv 
Cnl.KOl.VWVl.Wv 6npl.OUPVOUv pl.a KO'tQO'tOOn nou e:iVal. OOUp~a'tn µe: 'tn Euv9flicn Kal. 
i61ai 'tcpa µe: 'touc; 6v't1Ke:1µe:vu:ouc; o't6xouc; 'tnc; e:oW'tcpiicnc; avopac; ica1 'touc; 
Kav6ve:c; av'tavwvioµou 'tnc; Euv9nKnc;. EninAtov, au't6 'ta anoicAe:1o't1K6 icai e:161K6 
6.llCOl.WµO'ta 6e:v OV'tanOKpiVOV't.01 O'tn onµcp1vfl OVQVKO VO 6nµ1oupyn0ci fva 
cuvoilc:6 ne:pi~OAAov via 'tn vpnvopn avan'tu;n 'twv ic1 vn'tW\T unnpcoi<.:Jv icai 'tnv 
e:;tAi;n npoc; tva ne:p1~6AAov npoowm.KW\T cn1ico1 vwv1C:W. Ana1 'tOUv't.01 cnoµtv~ 
cvtpvc1cc; via VO OV'tl.pC'tWill.09e:1 n µopcpn 'tWV anoKACl.O'tl.KWv lCOl. e:161ic'1v 
61ica1<J1:16'twv o'tov 'toµta 'twv icivn'tW\T e:n1ico1vwv1C:W. Evw 01 e:vtpvcie:c; np£nc1 va 
A~ouv un61!111 'ta e:i61K6 xapaK'tnp1o't1K6 K68c 'tµflpa'toc; 'tnc; ayop6c;, 01 ve:vl.IC:tc; 
apxtc; piac; Eup<A>Cvwo1Knc; npbotvv1onc; ·ea np£ne:1: 
• 
• 
• va ncp1Aaµ~6vouv 'tnv KO't6pvnon 'tWV anoKAc1o't1KC:W KOl. c161icC:W ~1ica1<J1:16'twv 
o'tov 'topta 'tWV ic1vn'tC:W e:n1Ko1vwv1C:W, 
o'to ~a0µ6 nou 'ta Kpa'tn-MtAn ouvcxi~ouv va 01C0Aou806v npootyyion 
'tCXVOAOVl.Kfl<; ~6onc; Vl.O 'tOV O~Cl.0~6'tnon 'tWV lCl.VO'tC:W Cnl.KOl.VWVl.Wv, ~ 
vcviicn apxn, va a6e:106o't0Uv'ta1 'tOuA6x1o'tov 6uo cpope:ic; e:icµe:'taAAe:uonc; o'tnv 
i61a vcwypa<p11cn avopa via ic60e: 'tcxvoAovia Kl. vn'tC:W e:nu:o1 vwv1W'1, ~6oe:i 
OV't11Cc11:1e:y1icC:W,xwpic; 61aicpioe:1c; ica1 61acpavW\T 61a61icao1W\T a6c1066'tnonc;, 01 
onoicc; VO e:iVOl. ouµcpwve:c; µe: 'tOV apxfl 'tn<; QVahOV11C6'tn'ta<;, KOl. 
va 61aocpaAi~ouv 6u 01 6uv6µe:1c; 'tnc; avop6c; ea naitouv tva p6Ao-KAe:16i 
204 
3 o"tov ica0opioµ6 "tWV µe:AAovt.l.KWv api0µc.N "tc.JV oupµe:t.cx6vt.wv ot.nv ayopa t.600 
ot.o cnincoo t.ou cpopta e:icµe:t.OAAcuonc; 600 ic:al. ot.o cninc!>o t.ou napoxta 
unnpcoic.N, unoic:ciµcvc~ ot.nv ic:a9oAl.Kn Cfapµo~ t.n~ Euv8nKn~ t.nc; EK. 
OPOI Al1EIOAOTHEHE E~APMOEIMOI ETHN EKMETAAAEYEH TQN 
EDIKOINQNIQN· EYETHMATQN KINHTQN 
3. 1 Baoi.:dc; apxtc; t.nc; EvC.JOnc; 
10 
11 
12 H Koivot.iicn voµo0coia anait.e:i t.nv ica"t6pynon "tc.JV m:pi.opi.oµC:W o"tnv e:Ae:u0cpia 
napoxnc; unnpe:oiWv µtoa ot.nv Eupwna!ic:n Koiv6"tn"ta10, icae~ icai t.nv icaeit~n 
t.ou ycviicoll' o"t6xou nou "t£0nKe: ot.o Ap9po 7A "tnc; Euv0n1mc; via t.n 6nµioupyia 
"tnc; cex.Jtcpiicnc; . ayop6c;. Mtoa ato nAaioio t.nc; Euv91'licnc; icai t.n voµoAoyia 't.bu 
Aiicaot.npiou, opioptvoi ne:piopioµoi o• aUt.nv t.nv e:Acuee:pia cni"tptnovt.ai, 
nap6Aa aut.6, av e:µnin"touv ot.ic; e:~aiptoe:ic; µn oiicovoµiicn~ ~aon~ nou 
npoj3Atn0Vt.a1 at.a Ap9pa 55 icai 56 t.nc; Euv0fumc; fl av nl\llpo\lv t.ic; ~aol.Ktc; 
anait.floe:ic; via t.o ycv1K6 ouµcptpov icai e:cpapµ6~oVt.al. xwpic; 61.ClKpioe:ic; icai 
avaAoyiica µe: t.ov e:ni~nt.ouµe:vo avt.1Ke:1µcv1ic6 ot.6xo. 
Au'tn n npootyyion txe:i µe:'tacpcp0e:i ot.ov t.oµta t.CJV 'tnAe:niico1vwv1W\T, 6nou n 
Koivot.iicfl voµo9e:oia ouµcpwva µe: t.nv 06nyia 90/388/EEK icai t.nv 06ny1a 
90/387/EEK t.nc; 30nc; Iouviou 199011 ("H IlAa101ClKn 06nyia ONP"), cnit.ptnci o"ta 
Kp6'tn-MtAn va e:nij36A.Aouv tva m:piopioµtvo api0µ6 6pwv, 01 onoioi ouvn9wc; 
naipvouv "tn µop<pfl 6pwv a6e:io66t.nonc; via 'tnv napoxfl ci61ic:C:W unnpe:oiWv '. fl 
ouo"tnµ6'twv. Tt't.0101 6poi a6c1066'tnonc; nptnci va e:ivai ait.io.Aoynµtvoi, 
av6Aoyiicoi µe: t.ov e:ni~nt.ouµe:vo ot.6xo, 6iacpave:1c; icai xwpic; 61ClKpioc1c;. 
H anait.non t.nc; 61acpave:iac; onµaive:i 6t.i 01 66cie:c; ea nptne:i va 
6nµooie:uovt.ai. 
H anait.non t.nc; anocpuync; 61aic:piocwv onµaive:i 6t.i 01 16101 6poi a6e:iac; ea 
nptne:i ica'tapxnv va e:cpapµ6~0Vt.a1 oc cpope:ic; e:ic:µe:t.6AAe:uonc; ici vn't~ 
e:n1ico1 vwviWv 6nµ601ac; ic:ai. i6iwt.1Knc; 161oict.noiac;. Taui:6xpova 6iacpopiop6c; 
t.wv 6f><»V a6e:io66t.nonc; e:v6£xct.ai va e:ivai icat.OAAn.Aoc; µct.a~u cpopcwv 
e:icµe:t.6AAe:uonc; nou avt.iµe:t.wni~ouv 61acpope:"t1ic£c; ouv0flice:c; ayopac; (yia 
nap66c1 yµa, µia onµaVt.1Kn 61a<pop6 0t.nv nµcpoµnvia ic:a"ta t.nv onoia icaec 
tvac; cn1t.p£ne:t.a1 va e:iot.Aee:i ot.nv ayopa). 
Em.nAtov, n apxfl t.nc; anocpuvnc; 6i.01Cpiocwv j36oci t.nc; e:9viic6t.nt.ac; nou 
ica91e:pc;,vct.a1 ot.a Ap0pa 7 icai 59 t.nc; tuv9flicnc;, anait.e:i 6"tl. 01 66c1e:c; 6e:v 
nptne:i va e:nij36A.ouv ncpiopioµouc; ot.nv i61oict.noia an6 unnic:6ouc; t.wv Kpat.C:W­
McA'1v fl e:n1xc1pfloc1c; e:Ae:vx6µcvcc; an6 unnic:6ouc; t.wv Kpa"tWv- McA'1v12 
Ta icivnt.6 ouot.flµat.a nou ·6e:v npoopi~oVt.ai va xpno1µono1n80\lv an6 t.o e:upu 
BAtnc cppnv£u"t1xn avaKoivwan 'tnc;; En1'tponnc;; 93/C334/03 via 'tnv cA£u8cpn 61aouvop1axn 61axivnon 'twv 
unnpco1C:W, OJ C334, 9. 12.93 
06nvia 'tOU Eup~ouAiou 90/387/EOK 'tnc;; 28nc;; Iouviou 1990 via 'tn 6npioupvia "tnc; £0W't£p1xnc; ayop4c;; 
atOV 'top.ta 'tWV 'tDA£Dl.XOl.VWVl.OXWV vnnp£0l.WV ptow 'tnc;; £~ppoync; 'tnc;; napoxnc;; QVOl.X"tOU 61.X'tUOU (Open 
Network Proviaion -ONP), OJ Ll92/l, 24.7.90. 
Ta Ap8pa 4 xai 36 'tnc; Euv81\xnc;; nou xa81c¢vc1 'tOV Eupwnalx6 01xovopix6 XWpo (EOX) an6 'tDV .ln 
Iavouapiou 1994 cncx"tcivci oU'ttc;; "tl.c; opxtc;; via va ono'tptyci D£p1opiopovc; cn1~6pcvouc;; atnv 
16iox'tnoia unnx6wv 'tWV XwP:,v 'tou EOX n oc cn1xc1pnoc1c;; cA£yx6pcvcc;; on6 unnx6ouc;; 'tWV XwP:,v 'tou EOX 
(o EOX DCpl.Aop~VCl. 'tQ Kp4t.n MtAn J:Ql. "tnV Auo'tpio, 'tn •1vAav6io, "tDV IoAav6io, "tO Al.X't£Vat61v, "tD 
Nop~nvia xai 'tn Eoun6ia). · 
206 
ic:ol. v6 (via napa6e:i vpa, i6iwt.u:6 ic:i. vnt.6 pa6i.oouo'tflpa"ta xpnoi.ponoi.oUµe:va 
an6 ic:Aei.oL.tc;; op66e:c;; xpnot.W'V) 6e:v ea nptnei. va un6ic:e:i.V'tal. oe: ne:pi.oo6L.e:po 
auo'tnpouc;; ne:pi.opi.opouc;; an6 OAAa pn 6np6oi.a ouo'tflpa'ta nou xpnoi.ponoi.oll'v 
'tnv uno6opfl t.ou ot.a0e:pou ~i.ic:t.uou. 
H 06nv1a t.wv Ynnpe:oi.W'V, t.a pct.pa ONP ic:ai. oi. 6uo 06nv1e:c;; nou 6i.aoq>aA1touv 
t.nv apoi~aia avayvt:>pion t.wv e:vicpioe:wv 't.Unou via t.ov t.e:ppat.i.ic:6 e:;onAiop.613 
txou npoo6i.opioe:~ t.o opio0e:t.nptvo oll'voAo 't.WV ne:piopi.opc.Jv nou pnopoll'v va 
e:ni.~An9oll'v ptoa ot.i.c;; e:0viic:tc;; 6iic:ai.o6ooie:c;; vi.a unnpe:oie:c;; fl e:;onAi.op.6 nou 
np6ice:uai. va xpnoi.pono1n0e:i an6 t.O e:upu ic:o1v6. A\J'toi 01 ne:pi.opi.opoi 
op1oec~0Uv'ta1 o' aut.ouc;; nou 61ic:a10Aovoll'vta1 an6: 
• 
• 
• Jjaoixt~ anai 'tl1oci~ ( 6nAa6fl, aoq>OAe:ia 6i.1ct.uou, Cl1Ce:pai.6t.nt.a 6iic:t.uou, 
anot.ponfl nape:p~oAW'1 ouxvot.flt.wv, ano6ot.iic:fl xpflon t.ou q>aopat.oc;; 
O\JXVOt.flt.wv ic:ai oe: ait.ioAovnptve:c;; ne:pl.nt.<.:>oe:ic;;, 6iaAe:l.t.O\JPVl.1C6t.nt.a t.WV 
unnpe:oic.Jv ic:ai npoot.aoia 6e:6optvwv, ic:ai ot.nv ncpint.won t.ou t.e:ppat.iic:ou 
e:;onAiopou, aoq>6Ae:ia t.ou xpflot.n ic:ai aaq>OAe:ia t.wv unaA.AJ'lAwv t.ou ··. q>opta 
e:icpe:t.OAAe:uonc;; ) • 
anai 'tl1oci~ 6np6oia~ vnnpcoia~ pc 'tn JJOJ>'ll! .-avoviopc.iv cpnopiou ( nou · 
aq>OpOUV 6pouc;; Vl.a t.nv e:;aoq>QA1on t.n<;; 6i.a9£0l.p6t.n'tac;;, p0Vl.p6t.nt.ac;; 1CQ1 
noi.6t.nt.ac;; t.nc;; unnpcoiac;;)14 , 
'tnV avayxn VO 6J.OOq>cM.lO'tOtiV 6COJl£l1pCV£~ povonl.tJAJ.OJCC~ ll1lllpcoic~, 
onou 6ia'tnpolivi:ai oc OllJJ<JKJVia pc rnv Koivorixf! Nopo8coia 
Anouoia e:vappovi.oµtvwv 6pwv a6e:iC:W oe: Koivot.i.ic:6 cnine:6o via t.nv 
e:ic:µe:t.OAAe:uon icai. t.nv napoxn ic:ivnt.c.Jv e:niicoi.vwvi.C:W, 01 e:0viic:oi 6poi 
a6e:1066t.nonc;; via KiVnt.6 O\JOt.nµat.a nou npoopitov"tal. Vl.a t.O £\JpU lCOl.V6 9a 
nptne:i e:nionc;; va ne:piopi~ovt.ai ot.ic;; ic:at.nvopie:c;; a\J'ttc;;. 
Me:Att.e:c;; nou tvivav via t.nv Enit.ponfl15 e:ni~e:~aiC:Wouv 6t.1 n nAe:iov6t.nt.a t.c.JV 
onµe:pivC:W 6pwv a6e:1066t.nonc;; e:ivai ouve:nflc;; µe: pi.a fl ne:p1006t.e:pe:c;; an6 aU"tt<;; 
t.ic;; icat.nvopie:c;;. Onou 6e:v oup~aive:i aU"t.6, t.tt.0101 ne:piopiopoi nptne:i va 
anoµaicpuv8oll'v. 
3. 2 Baou:tc;; anai 'tfloe:ic;; 
13 
14 
15 Onwc;; outnt.n0nic:e: ot.nv nap6ypaq>o 3.1 n1on6vw, ne:p1opioµoi nou e:ni~OAAovt.ai an6 
t.ic;; E9viictc;; Kavov1ot.1Ktc;; Apxtc;; ot.ic;; 66e:ie:c;; icivnt.C:W ouot.np6t.wv nou 
"npoopitovt.ai via t.o e:upu Koi v6 6e:v nptne:i va ne:piopitouv t.nv np6o~aon ot.a 
06nyia 'tOU ZUll~ouAiov 91/263/EOK 'tnc; 29nc; Anp1Aiou 1991 via 'tnv npootyyicm 'twv vopoeeoiwv 'tWV 
1:pcnw pcAc:>v 'tWV OX£'t11:WV P£ 'tOV 't£ppai:11:6 £~onA1op6 'tnA£D11:01VWVJ.Wv D£p1Aap~avoptvnc; J:al. 'tnc; 
apoi~aiac; avayvwpioewc; i:nc; ovpp.6ppwonc;, OJ Ll28/l, 23.5.91, 6~ 'tponono1nen1:c an6 'tnv 06nyia 'tou 
Zup~ouAiou 'tnc; 29nc; 01:'tw~piov 1993 nou oup.nAripc,;,vei 'tnv 06nyia 91/263/EOK oxc't11:6 pc 'tov e~onAiop6 
'twv 6opu~op11:wv o'ta9pwv e66cpouc; (93/97/EOK, OJ L290/1, 24.11.93). 
H 06nyia i:wv Ynnpeoiwv, ncp16p1oc' i:nv cn1~0An 1:avov1opwv epnopiou O't1<; ~ao11:tc; unnpeoicc; 
6c6optvwv, 6nAa6n o'tnv napoxi\ unnpcoiwv naxe"topc'taywyi\c; 1:a1 1:u1:N.>pa'topc'taywy6c; via 'to 1:01v6, 
uno1:cipcvwv oc e:ni~c~aiwon an6 i:nv Eni 'tponi\ via 'tn oup~a't6'tn't6 i:ouc; pc 'tn J:uv9'n1:n. H napoxn 
'tf'to1wv ~011:wv unnpcoiwv ecwpi\9nxc 6i:1 anoi:cAci tva &1611:6 tpyo i:o onoio cpn1o't&\ttn1:av i:a Kp6'tn­
MtAn oi:ouc; i:nAen11:01vwv1a1:ouc; opyavioµouc;. 
BAtne H£At"Cn yia t:nv £9>Qppoyri t:n~ ONP ot:nv JC.1 vn'tl1 t:nA£flCJV:la, ot:a 6.:lJCt:IJQ JC.1 vnt:c.)v l11UJp£oiw 
6£6optvwv xai u~ 1.111npeo:le~ t:nA££J.6ono:lnon~, PA Consultinq, AE:xtp~pioc; 1992 1:a1 ~.ia6.ixao.:£c, 
A6ci~6t:non' xai MAtu0n~ yia JC.1 vnt:t~ enixoi Vr..Jv:le~ ot:a Kpdt:n lllAn t:n~ EiC, KPMG Peat Marwick 
Stanbrook and Hooper, A~youoi:oc; 1993 
208 
6np6oia 1Cl.vn't6 6inua fl ouc;; unnpcoicc;;, nap6 p6vo O'tn ~6on 'tc.JV ~ao1icc:Jv 
anait.l'locc.JV vcvuoll" cv61a<p£povt.oc;; nou ica9lc¢vovtai o'tnv Koivo'tl.Kl'l vopo9coia. : 
ne:pl.Opl.opoi ouvoe:6cµ£voi µc tnv aoq>d.Acia tOU 6iKtUOll, tnv 
6iaA.citoupyiK6tnta t~v unnpcoiwv civai cv6cx6µcvo 
ci6iic6t.cpa, o'tn 6iaoll"vocon µc OAAa oiic"tua icai unnpcoicc;;. a«cpai6tnta icai ~n 
va Cfapp6tovt°'1r 
H np6An!f11J napcp,oA~v ouxvotntwv icai n ano6otixn xpnon tou •doJJato~ otTXvotdtt.N 
napouoiotouv e:ioiic6 e:voiacptpov via 6Ac~ t.ic; cniico1vCJVic~ pa6ioicupa'tiicl'lc; 
~6.onc;;. 
Eivai ouoi~cc;;, 61a n c~On.Ac..xm t.wv icivnt.C:W cn1ico1v<.tJViQ\F, icai t.<.tJV ouvo6cu6vtw 
o'ta8pc:,v ~aonc;;, iccpaiw icai xcipoouoiccuQv va µnv o6nyci oc anap66cicu:~ 
napcp~oAtc; pc aAAa 6opucpopiic6 ouo'tflpat.a fl ouot.l'lpat.a pa6iocm.ico1 Vc.JVl.cN fl 
nAe:icpopayvn'tl.Ktc;; 61at.6~c1~, 6nc.x; aicoo~on9n'tl.1CO ptoa fl nAcic'tpov~ic6 
OU'tOKl. vl'l'twv, oll"pcpwva pc t.nv 
06nyia 89/336/EOK16 nou acpop6 ot.nv nAcict.poµayvn't.1Kfl oup~a't.6t.n'ta, icai ol}pcp<.Na 
µc t.ic;; oiaOu:aoicc; ouv-r.ovioµoo nou ouµcpc.M\9nicav oe: Eupwnalic6 icai oicevtc;; 
£nine:Oo (BAtnc t.µflµa 4 nioic6t.w). Oi ne:piopioµoi e:votxe:-r.ai va ~cncpaoouv 'tOV 
1010 'tOV c~onAioµ6 icai va e:ncict.a0o&v ot.a npoo6v't.a icai o'tnv cicna16cuon OU't~ 
nou cvica9iot.ol)v icai ouvt.npoll"v icivnt.6 oiic'tua icai c~onAi.oµ6. 
Oi 6poi 'tWV aoe:iWV' ea nptne:i va avatn'toll"v t.nv 601mon t.600 6µconc; 6oo icai 
tµµconc;; niconc;; ot.ouc; <pope:!~ e:icµct.6.AAcuonc;; icivnt.WV' cniicoivc.Nl.~ c;x,t.c va 
xppoiµonoio\l'v A1y6t.cpo ouµcpopnµtva ptpn t.ou cpaoµat.oc;; icai t.cxvoAoyia ~ 
oiapepc;,oe:ic;; Oiict.uou nou µe:yiot.onoio&v t.nv ano6ot.iic~ xpflon 'tOU t6opa'toc;;. AU't.6 
ea pnopouoe: va ouvouaou:i µe: anait.flocic;; nou ea 6iaocp6Aitav t.n ot.a6101Cfl 
pe:t.~aon an6 Aiy6t.cpo ano6ot.iictc;; oe: ncpioo6't.cpo anoOo'tiictc; t.cxvoAoyie:~ icae~ 
au"ttc;; cµcpavitov'tal.. 
Ta B~pata npootaoia~ 6c6optvwv xai npoot.JlliKou anoppntou civai ycviicflc;; 
ccpappovflc;, o.AA6 n paOioicuµa"tiicnc; ~6onc; cpuon 'twv icivnt.WV' cniicoivc.Nl.Wv 
onµioupyci e:161K6 npo~Anpa'ta unoicAonnc; t.CtN µnvuµ6t.CtN icai 'tnv av6yicn ouvcxouc;; 
napa1COA009nonc; t.n<; 0ton<; K60£ ouvopoµn'tn ptoa O'tO Kl.vn't6 OiK'tUO. 01. Kl.vn'tt<; 
unnpcoiec; 6o nptne::i va un6Kcl.v'tai ot.ouc; 16iouc;; Kav6vec;; pe aU"touc; nou 
npo'tcivoV'tai via 'ta O'ta9cp6 Kai Oopucpopiic6 Oiict.ua Kai unnpcoicc;17 To 8tpa 
c~ct.6tct.ai ncpait.cpw ot.o 'tµnpa 5 nioic6t.w.. 
3.3 Anait.nocic; Onµ6oiac; unnpe:oiac; µc 'tn popcp~ icavoviopC.:W cpnopiou 
16 
11 pi 6poi µe: t.ouc; onoiouc; npoo~cpovt.ai oi K.ivn'tt<; unnpcoicc; civai icupiwc;; etµQ 
ouµcpwviac; µct.a~u t.wv cpopcwv e:icµe:t.6.AAe:uonc;, 'tc.N napoxtwv unnpe::oiWV' ic:ai 't~ 
ne::AO'tW. EVt.OUt.oi.c;, ouµcpwva µe:: T.O Ap0po 3 t.nc; 06nyiac; 'tWV Ynnpcol.Wv O'tnV 
ne::pint.won unnpcoit.:>v e::niKoivwvi~ OcOopcvCtN, µnopoU-v va cni~An8oll'v, opioµtvoi 
np6o0ct.oi 6po! o"tnv e:icpc't.6.AAcuon 't.Wv unnpcoiw nou npoopitovtai via t.o cupu 
i:oi v6 avacpcpope:voi w<; anai 'tnoe:ic; Onµ6oiac;; unnf)€oiac; µc t.n µoppn ic:avovioµQ\F 
06ny!a 'tou :Eup~ou.Aiou 'tnc; 3nc; Mo!ou 1989 vi.a 'tnv npootvv1on 'tc.>V vopo8co1wv 'tc.>v ltpa'twv­
Mc.AWv oxnu.6 p.c 'tDV n>.cnpopayvn'tl.tc.n ouµ~a't.6'tn'ta (89/336/EOX. OJ Ll39/19, 23. 5. 89) xo1 
06nyia 'tou tup~ou.Aiou 't.nc; 28nc; Anp1.Aiou 1992 nov 'tponono1c1 'tnv 06ny1a 89/336/IOK via 'tnv 
npootvv1on 't.c..>V vopo8co1wv i:wv Kpcnwv-Mc.Ac:>v oxci:1x6 p.c 'tnv nAex't.pop.ayvn'ti.xfl OU}l~ai:6'tn'ta 
(92/31/EOK. OJ Ll26/11, 12.5.92) 
B.Atnc, e161x6't.£9Q. 'tnv un6 tx6oon 'tponono1np.tvn np6'tacm v1a p1a 06ny!a 'tou lupJ<>vAiov nou 
xaA'On't.c1 'tnv npoat.aoia i:wv npoownu:wv 6c6optvwv xa1 't.OV npoown1xol) anoppl\i:ou at.o nAa!o10 
i:wv 6np601wv ~i.cu:wv i:nAcnuoi.vwviwv xai e16u6t.c90 t.ov Wncp1cu:o1) lun1)ov Evono1nptvwv 
Ynnpcoiwv (ISON) xa1 i:wv Anp601wv '1'ncp1axC:W Kivni:wv lux~~wv, -nov np6xc1t.a1 va 6npoo1cui:ci. 
207 
cpnopiou, unoiccipcvoi oc cni13c~aiwon we; npoc; 'tn oup13a't6'tn'ta pc 'tn Euvel'ucn, 
oxc6iaoptvoi via va c;aocpaAioouv 'tn povip6T.nT.a, 6iaecoip6T.nT.a icai noi6'tnT.a 
'tn<; c~unnpt'tnonc;l8• To Hho o'OvoAo 6fXU" ea nptn£l. va c;c'taO'tE:i icai VJ.a 'ta 
icivn't.6 ouo'tnpa'ta nou npoopi~ovT.ai via xpnon an6 'tO cupu icoiv6, 6nou o apiep6c; 
T.WV a6e:ic.;w nou 60vav'tai va xopnvneo0v ncpiopite:T.ai pe: yv~ova t.ic; 13aoutc; 
anai 'tfloe:ic;. 
Ttt.oiol. 6poi ccpapp6tov'tai ouvnewc; ot.ic; e:9vu:tc; 66e:icc;19, lCal. txouv oxton, 
pe:T.a~u OAAwv, pc T.a cninc6a 'tWV T.ipc.;w 'tnv e:Aaxio'tn noi6T.n'ta e:~unnptT.nonc;, 'tn 
ve:CtJVpapiKfl icOA\J\ifl, t.nv np6o~aon oc unnpe:oie:c; tnannc; av6y1cnc;, t.nv napoxfl 
e:;unnpe:'tnocwv via t.ouc; ne:Aat.cc; pc e:i61ictc; avayice:c;, t.n xptwon icai pc 6pouc; nou 
61aocpaAi~ouv t.nv Ol.lCOVOJ:ll.lCO e:upc.ucnia Kal. t.nv T.E:XVl.KO l.1CaV6'tnt.a T.OU 1Ca't6XOU 
'tnc; a6e:iac;. 
AV'ti9t'twc;, n e:n1130An 6pwv oe: µia 66e:ia 01 onoioi avT.avaKAoov t.nv oiicovopiicn 
E:KT.iµnon cv6c; Kp6T.ouc;-M£Aouc; via T.nv .l1COV6'tn'ta µiac; c161icnc; ayop6c; n nou ea 
ncpiopitouv T..l<; 66e:ie:c; oe: opioµtvouc; cpopcic; e:Kµe:T.OAAcuonc;, 6e:v µnopo'Ov 
icavovi~a va ait.i0Aovneo0v an6 t.nv Koivot.iicn vopo9coia aic6µa icai av o 
£nl.61.C.UK6):1£VO<; Ot.6xoc; CiVCl. v6µ1µoc; (n.x. J:lOVip6'tnt.a T.nc; unnpcoiac;), 6nou 9a 
pnopouoav va xpno1pono1n800v OAAa ncp1006t.cpo avaAoyiica ptoa cnit.cu~nc; CUT.OU 
t.ou o't6xou. 
ria va anocpcuxee:i 6uoav6Aovn icavov10T.1Kn cni136puvon nou ea ncpiopi~ci t.nv 
cAcuee:pn napoxn T.WV unnpe:Ol.Wv n ea 61aoT.pe:13Ac.;wc1 'tOV aVT.aywv10µ6 OT.nv Evwon, 
~a icivnt.6 ouoT.nµaT.a nou 6e:v npoopi~ov'tai via T.o cupu Ko1v6 6cv ea nptnci va 
un6ice:1V'ta1 oe: ana1'tnoe:1c; 6nµ6oiac; unnpe:oiac; pc 'tn pop<pn icavoviopc.;w cµnopiou. 
3. 4 lll.OpK£1.a 
napaAAavtc;20 oT.n 616pice:1a t.wv a6e:1<.:>v o'ta 6i6cpopa Kp6t.n MtAn via nap6poie:c; 
unnpe:oicc; pnopo'Ov va o!>nvnoouv oe: onµavT.iictc; 61ao'tpe:~AC:X,e:1c; 'tnc; avopac;, 't6oo 
pcT.a~u 'tWV unnpe:oiW\l 600 icai µe:T.a;u T.WV cpoptwv cicpe:t.OAAe:uonc;, 6npioupyc:wtac;, 
t'toi, onpaV'tiicouc; cppaypouc; ot.nv av6nT.u;n t.nc; e:oc.Jt.cpiicnc; ayop6c;. H napouoia 
cv6c; ica91e:pwµ€vou cpop€a £1C):l£T.6AA£uonc; f>. J:ll.C<; T.£XVOAoyiac; £V6€X£t.ai va 
AciT.oupyf>.oci we; tva onµavT.1ic6 cµn66io oc µia vta cioo6o oT.nv ayop6, e:vw 6poi 
noAu paicp6xpovnc; 66ciac; e:v6txe:t.ai va ne:piopioouv T.nv 6166oon vtwv T.e:xvoAoviC:,V 
icai unnpcoiC:,V icai e:v6txe:t.ai va anoicAcioouv T.nv e:ioay~ ouoT.nµ6T.wv nou 
icae10T.00v ncp1006T.e:po ano6ot.1Kn T.n xpnon T.ou cp6oµaT.oc; ouxvo'tntwv icai e:noµtvwc; 
cv6txc'tal. va napai316~ouv T.OU<;; ic::av6ve:c; aV'tavwvioµou. EninAtov, n un6pxouoa 
avoµoiopop<pia T.WV a6e:iwv ic::aeioT.6 T.n 13paxunp6ecopn 6nµiouyia T.nc; nave:upwnaYicnc; 
ayop6c; icivnT.Wv e:niicoivwvic.:>v ne:pioo6T.cpo 6uoicoAn. 
EU'pcpwva µe: 'tnv apxn T.nc; cn11rnup1ic::6T.n-tac; n 616pice:1a 'tWV a6c1<.:>v ea np€nc1 va 
napape:ive:i etpa e:eviicou, µOAAov, nap6 Ko1voT.1icou npoo61op1opou. re:v1K6, 6pwc;, 
o\Jpcpwva µe: T.ouc; KoivoT.l.Kouc; icav6vcc; OV'taywviopou icai 'touc; Kav6vcc; T.nc; 
e:Acuee:pnc; 61aicivnonc; T.WV unnpe:oic.:>v, 'ta Kp6T.n-M€An ea nptnci va Aaµ136vouv 
nAnpwc; un6qm T.l.<; 6uv6µe:ic; T.nc; avop6c; icai 'tnv av6yicn anocpuync; ne:piopioµC:,V oT.nv 
l& H 06nvia ~ou Zup~ouAiou 90/388/EOK (06nyia ~wv Ynnp£0l.WV) n3n npo~Atnci ~t~oiouc; 6pouc; via ~nv 
napoxn unnpeo1wv 6£6optvwv naKci:.oµci:.aywync; n xuxhca>pa~oµc~a~c; via ~o cu~ xoiv6 (Ap8po 
3), unoxeip£vouc; oc cni~c~aiwon an6 ~nv Eni~ponn we; npoc; ~n oup~~6~n~6 ~ouc; pc ~n Zuv&nxn. 
19 BAtne Kccp6Aaia 5 xai 8 ~nc; pcAt~nc; ~n~ KPMG. 20 H pcAt~n ~nc; JCPMG npoo61opi~c1 61apoptc; oi:.a avaAoyu6 XUlf&Aoc16n 61x~ua pc~a~'O' 10 xai 25 c~wv 
µc noAAo'O'c; ~opcic; cxpc~6AAcuonc; va anoAap~6vouv pia a691cn.n ncpio6o 1ox'O'oc; ~nc; ~c1ac;. Zc 
p1a ncpi~won oc tva i61w~1x6 ~opta cKµc~6AAcuonc; xopnyn&nxc 6cxac~nc; ~cia c'IW o 6nµ6o1oc; 
aV'taywv1cn.:6c; ~ou eixe en' a6pioi:.ov. ti:.o GSM 01 nepi~o1 a6£iac; xupaivoV'tai an6 5 xp6via 
(avavcc:>o1pcc;) ptxp1 25 xp6v1a. BAtnc K£~6Aa10 5. 
208 
eioav""ffl vtwv t.£XVOAOVl.Wv KQl. unnpCOl.Qv 6'tav 8t'tOUV 'tOU<; 6pouc; t.WV a6£l.Wv. 
ria va 6ioocpaAiot.ci 6t.i 6e:v ea unap;ouv aetµit.01 ncpiopioµoi ot.ov avtavwvioµ6 
n uncp~oA1acoi ncpiopioµoi ot. ic; vtec; t.cxvoAovicc; acai unnpcoicc;, 01 6poi t.<N 
apxuw a6ci<Jv icai oi avaot.oAtc; xopnynonc;" ncpantpw a6ci<Jv 9a nptnci va 
~aoitovtai ot.nv 0001 t.ouµe:vn xpovun m:piooo via va 61aoq>aA1ot.e:i µia 
iacavonoint.ii<:n ncpio6oc; tvap;nc; icai/n µia e:µnopiicn avtan6&.oon at.nv cntv6uon 
nou yivct.al atnv un6\lfl unnpcoia fl 6iict.uo. 
a) 11poa~ao1a 6£opeuptv~v unnpcoiwv 
Ee oxton µc t.i<; unnpcoicc; ot.a9cpo\l' l>iact.\l'ou n 06nyia t.<N Ynnpcoic.N 
npoti3Ac~c t.n 6uvat.6t.nt.a np6o8e:t.wv ncpiopiopc;w nou cv5txct.ai va anait.n8o\l'v 
via va 61aocpaA1ot.ci n cni6oon ot.o tpyo vcviacou 011:ovoµiaco\l' cv61a<ptpovtoc; 
nou txci avat.c9ci ot.ov TO. Aut.6 1:a8opio'tnK£ ot.nv ncpint.CA>On t.wv unnpcoi~ 
6c6oµtvwv Cnou t.Wpa txouv ancAe:u9cpw8ci) acai e;unOKouci:ai ot.nv napoxfl t.nc; 
~'tilt~ t.nA.ccpwviac;, Kai e:i.6ix:6t.cpa, ot.nv napoxfl icai cicµct.6A.Acuon µiac; 
Ka80A1icnc; unnpcoiac;. 
Mtxpi va am:Aeu9e:pw8e:i n>.npw<; n cpwvnt.un t.nAccpwvia t.o ,199821, ~opci va 
npo~Act8ouv 01 cAaxiot.e:c; Kavoviot.1Kt~ cvvunocic; via va 6iaocpaAiot.e1 6ti 
t.o µovonQAio t.n<; 6nµ6oiac; ~wvnt.iicnc; t.nAccpwviac; 6cv unovoµc\l'ct.ai ouo1aot.1-
K6. Evtoll't.oic;, aut.6 6ev ea 611ca10Aovouoe icavoviica ci t.c, 6nwc;; ou~nt.fl9nacc 
ot.o m.on6.vw t.µnµa 2, t.n 6iat.npnon anoicAciot.iicw fl c161ic:<Jv 6i.ic:aiwµ6.t.CJV 
O'tOV t.op.ta "tWV Kl.Vn-r.wv cniicoi.vwvit:N, ci'tc -r.nv cni.i3oM 6.AA4Jv 6p<JV anouoia 
an66ci.~n<; 6t.i np6.yµa"tl. ouµi3a1vei ouoiaou.Kfl nap6Kaµqm t.ou 6iict.uou. To 
1610 l.OXUCl. lCQl. Vl.O ncp1op1oµouc; O'tn xpnon 'tWV Kl.vnt.<Jv 61.lC'tll'<.tJV via t.nv 
napoxn unnpcoiw nou civai n6n avoixT.t<; o"tov avtaywvioµ6, via nap6.6ciyµa, 
unnpeoicc; oc KAciot.t<; oµ6.6cc; xpnot.c.N n ct.aipiic:6. 6iict.ua. 
H em.fk>M untpovicwv t.EA.Wv o'touc; cpopcic; cKµct.OAAcuonc; µc "tn µopcpfl t.cA'1v 
6.6ciac; n ouxvot.nt.wv µnope:i, 6uvnt.iic6, va 6nµioupvfloci tpayp.ouc; aoUµ~at.ouc; 
µe t.nv coWT.e:p1icn ayop6 Kai va e:ye:ipci onµavt1K6 etµat.a avtay(,JVJ.oµou, 6nou 
T.O npaKt.l.1C6 anot.cAe:oµa eivai o nep1op10µ6<; t.nc; cio66ou ot.nv avop6. fl n 
6pvnon oT.ouc; xpnot.cc; ev6c; 9cµit.ou µcpi6iou an6 t.a c..>q>eMµat.a nou ea 
µnopouoav va 6nµioupynoouv t.a xaµnA.6t.cpa t.cA.n. Mnopo0v, cnionc;, av txouv 
t.n µopcpn e:v6c; noooot.ou e:ni 'tc.J\1 KC~ n t.wv OKa9apiot.wv co66wv, va 
cni~6.A.ouv onµavt.1Kcc; cn1~ap\ivoc1c; ot.ouc; vtouc; topcic; cKpct.OAAcuonc; Kat.a 
t.n 616p1Cc1a t.n<; cvapKt.npiac; ,aonc; napoxn<; t.c.J\1 unnpcoi~ t.ouc;. 
Ta ctana; Kai t.a ct.floia t.£A.n nou cnii36.AAovt.ai ot.ouc; topcic; cicµct.6.A.Acuonc; 
ICJ.vnt.W'Y 6J.Kt.uwv ea nptnci va ouµµopcpc:,vovt.01 µc t.ic; apxtc; t.nc; anocpuyn9 
a10Kpio&c.J\1, 61aq>6vc1ac; Kai avaA.oyl.K6t.nt.ac;, nou 1C001cpW0n1Cav ot.nv ONP. 
Ot.av a;ioA.oycit.ai av t.a e:ni~aA.A6µe:va 'tCAn e:ivai avaA.ovl.lc6., nptne:i va 
A.aµi36vct.ai un¥ n ioopponia µe:'ta~u t.nc; K6.A.\J\tllc; t.wv 6101icnt.1icw e:~6&.Jv 
nou ouvcnayovt.ai an6 t.n 6iaxe:ipion 'tnc; 66ciac; Kai t.wv ouxvot.n'twv Kai t.n~ 
npayµat.iicnc; cµnop.u~flc; a~iac; t.ou n6pou nou cicxC1o>pcit.a1. Ta t.£A.n 6cv ea 
21 ME n,P6o8c'tcc; pc't~cnutc; ncp166ouc; ptxp1 ntvu nwv v10 T.n Ionavia, IpAav61a, Ell~a xai 
Dop-toyaAia xa1, 6nov a1't10AoyciT.a1, 2 cT.wv via 'tO Aov~cp~~pyo. 
y) AAAayt~ i6io1n:no.:la~ 
~10T.6~c1c; nou ncpiopitouv aAAoytc; oT.nv i010KT.noia T.ou KOT.6xou T.nc; oOcioc; 
nptnci va e:ivai l:>uvat.6 va a1T.10Aoyneow f36oe:i T.WV avayKWv vo 
OioocppAi~e:t.oi ouve:xr\c; ouµµ6p<pwon µc t.ic; ~ooutc; anal. T.~ocic; r\ µc T.l.<; 
anoit.r\oe:ic; Onµ6oiac; unnpe:oiac; µe: t.n µopcpr\ Kavovioµ~ e:µnopiou nou 
e:n1~6AAovta1 OT.l.<; 6l:>e:ie:c;. 
3. 6 npo<:>enon T.nc; avt.aywv1ot.1Kr\c; napoxnc; unnpe:o1~: 
cKpe:T.dAAe:uonc; KivnT.C:W Ol.Kt.uwv 
0 p6Aoc; T.WV ,optwv e:Kµe:T.6AAe:uonc; Kl.vn't.Wv l:>J.KT.UWV Ot.OV tAe:vxo e:v6c; CV 
ave:napKe:ia n6pou Onµioupye:i cva 6ooKoAo np6~J\nµa ot.nv noA1 t.l.Kr\ t.nc; Evwonc;. 
An6 T.n µia nAe:up6, n T.nAe:n1Ko1vwv1aKr\ noAJ.T.J.Kr\ t.nc; Evwonc; e:n101wKe:1 va 
npow0r\oe:1 t.OV aV"tavwv10µ6 Kal., Cl.0l.K6T.cpa, T.l.<; KQl.VOT.Op.l.KC<; npoo,optc; 
ouvOuao.,,tvwv unnpe:oiW'V via va 1Kavono1nee:i n t1hnon T.nc; ayopac; Kai va yivouv 
T.o npcJc.o f3nµat.a npoc; tva ne:pif36AAov npooc...>nl.KWv e:n1Ko1vwv1'3v. An6 T.nv 6AAn 
nAe:upQ, n e:µnopim aut.ovoµia t.WV ,optwv e:Kµe:t.OAAe:uonc; Kl. vnT.Wv l:>l.Kt.UWV ea 
nptnci vo vivcT.al. oe:f3aot.r\ ot.o µct.po t.ou OuvaT.ou, oe: oxton µe: T.n f3ao1Kr\ T.ouc; 
e:Ae:u8e:pia va e:n1Atyouv µe: no16v ea ouµf36Aovta1. 
Aoµf3avoµtvwv un6~n: 
• 
• 
• T.nc; oxe:~1K6 6KaµnT.nc; l:>oµr\c; nou e:ivai cv0e:x6µe:vo va un6p~e:1 oT.nv avopa T.nc; 
Koiv6T.nT.ac; A6vw T.nc; µe:v6Anc; xpoviicr\c; 016pice:1ac; T.WV onµe:p1v'3v aOe:1'3v nou 
xopnvnenicav via avaAoy1Ktc; Kai ~'J.OKtc; T.e:xvoAoyie:c; Kl.VnT.Wv e:n1ico1vwv1'1v, 
T.WV ne:p1op10µ'3v nou auT.£<; 01 60c1e:c; e:icµe:t.OAAe:uonc; Kl. vnT.'3v e:n1Ko1 vwv1'1v 
cn1f36AAouv or\µe:pa ot.ic; ouvl:>uaoµtve:c; npoo,optc; unnpe:o1'3v nou naptxovT.ol. 
ic6T.w an6 01a,ope:t.1Ktc; 66e:ie:c;, Kai tT.01 e:µno61touv T.ouc; un6pxovT.e:c; ,opcic; 
e:icµe:T.OAAe:uonc; va J.Kavonoir\oouv t.n tr\T.non via T.tT.01e:c; ouvOuaoµtve:c; 
npoo,optc;, Kai 
T.ou ve:vov6t.oc; 6T.J. nolloi ,ope:ic; e:Kµe:T.OAAe:uonc; Kl. vnt.'3v Oiict.uwv e:Atyxouv 
T.ov e:v ave:napKe:ia n6po ot.ov onoio paoitovtai 01 avtaywv1t6µe:vo1 napoxe:ic; 
unnpe:o1'3v, aAA6 naptxouv e:nionc; Kol. 01 10101 Kl.vnT.tc; unnpe:oie:c; Kai, tT.01, 
e:ivai e:v0e:x6µe:vo va e:uvor\oouv t.ic; Oiictc; T.ouc; unnpe:oie:c;, 
,a1ve:T.a1 6T.1 ana1T.0UvT.a1 e:vtpye:ie:c; via va npow0n8e:i n av6nt.u~n t.ou 
anoT.e:Ae:oµat.iicou avt.avwvioµou µ£ow T.nc; napoxnc; an6 T.pit.a µtpn unnpe:oiW'V 
Kl.vn't.Wv e:nl.KOl.V<.iJVl.Wv. 
H noAit.iicr\ t.ou avt.aywvioµou ot.ov xWf)o t.nc; e:n1Ae:ict.1icr\c; Oiavoµf>.c; icavov1K6 
anoicAe:ie:i onoiov6r\not.e: ne:p1op10µ6 ot.ov apieµ6 t.wv 61avoµtwv nou opitoV"ta1 
e:KT.6c; av 61ica10Aoye:i t.ai an6 t.ouc; Kav6ve:c; t.ou aV"taywvioµou. AUt.6 onµaive:i 6T.1 
Ol. ,ope:ic; e:icµe:t.OAAe:uonc; Kl. vnt.wv 61.Kt.U<.iJV ea np£ne:1, e:ueuypaµµ1oµtvo1 µe: t.nv 
unoxptwor\ t.ouc; vo npoo,cpouv avoi.Kt.ouc;, Oia,ave:ic; icai xwpic; 01aicpioe:1c; 6pouc; 
OiooU"vOe:onc; (BAtne: T.µnµa 6 n10K6T.w), va anoOtxoV"tol. 6Ae:c; T.l.<; cuAove:c; 01T.r\oe:1c; 
via unovpapr\ ouµcpwviac; an6 t.ouc; napoxe:ic; Ynnpe:o1'1v, µtoa OT.a 6p10 T.nc; 
Kavoviicr\c; e:µnopiicr\c; npaKT.J.Kr\c; Kai t.wv icav6vwv avtavwvioµou t.nc; Euver\icnc; 
(ouµne:p1Aaµf3avoµcvwv ait.r\oe:wv an6 napoxe:ic; unnpe:o1'3v nou e:ivai e:vowµaT.wptvoi 
oe: OAAe:c; e:icµe:t.aAAe:uoe:ic; icivnt.wv Oiict.uwv). 
210 
Enil1Atov "twv e:navop0c,Joe:wv nou naptxov"tal. an6 "touc; icav6ve:c; "tou avtavwvioµou, 
ea nptm:i va e:ivai. Ouvat.6 onoiaOnnot.e: 6pvnon va "ti9e:t.al. un61!'ll "t<.JV E9viicw 
KavOVl.O"tl.KW Apxw n CAAOU apµ60iou opyaviopou. 
3. 7 Opoi nou ccpapp6~oV"taJ. o"touc; napoxcic; unnpcoiw Kai oT.nv napoxfl unnpcoifby 
Kl.VO't.Qv CDl.lCOJ.VfA>Vl.WV 
Ee avti0con µe: t.nv e:icµe:t.6AAe:uon t.wv icivn"tc;w ouo'tnµa"twv, 6nou n xpflon e:v6c; cv 
ave:napice:ia cpuoiicou n6pou -t.ou q>aoµa"to<; ouxvot.n"twv- naptxci "tn ~adikfl 
al.'tl.OA6ynon yia 'tnV e:nl.~OAO ot.ouc; q>ope:ic; £Kµc't0AAE:Uon<; lCl.VIl'tW 0.UCt.UWV t.n<;. 
a6cio66'tnonc; xai 6.AAwv icavoviot.iicwv 6iaa<pa.Aiocwv, n napoxn unnpcoic.N KJ.vnt."'1 
icai npooc.>nl.KWv cniicoivwviWV' 6e:v ea nptnci va un6icci"tal. oc a6cio66"tnon. 
a) napoxn &mnpcoi<Jv noll 6cv llnoxcJ.'COJ. oc oocio"6'Cnon 
Oi napoxe:ic; unnpe:oic.Jv, e:it.c ave:~6.p"tn'tol. cit.£ ano"te:Aoll'v"te:c; µtpoc; ei"te: 
e:vawpa't.cuµtvoi 0£ cicµe:t.aA.Ae:uoe:ic; Kl.VIl'tOU Ol.K'tUOU, Ocv ea nptne:i va 
un6ice:i vt.ai oe onoie:oOnnor.e: 61a011caoicc; a6cio66"tnonc; Kai µnope:i va 'tOU<; 
~n"tn8e:i µ6vo va npo~ow oe: µia. OMwon n av<llCoivwon t.CAJV 6pao"tnp1o'tn'tdJv 
'touc; o'tnv(o"ti<;) E9viKn(e:<;) Kavovio"tJ.Kn(e:c;;) Apxn(e:c;;) "twv Kpa"t'1v'-Me:A.'1v' 6nou 
e:ni.htyouv va l\.e:i t.oupvnoouv. 
ria va npow0n0e:i "to µtyior.o e:nine:Oo av-c.aywvioµou o'tnv napoxn KJ.vn'tw 
unnpe:oiWV', 6e:Ooµtvnc; r.nc; oxe:t.iica OKClllllt.nc; onµe:pivnc; 6oµflc; t.nc; 
a6£.l.066'tnonc; VJ.a Kl. vn"t6 OUOt.fl.p.a'tO, &::v 0a npCOCl. VO CnJ.~OhAOvt.Ql. 
nepiopioµoi nou va unoxpe:""ouv n va anoi:.ptnouv t.nv napoxn unnpcoiC:W µtow 
avc~apt.m:wv napoxtwv unnpe:oiC:W fl µtoe.> e:v~ cvoc..>µat.c.>ptvou µtpouc; t.nc; 
cnixcipnonc; e:v6c; cpopta e:.Kµe:t.6.hAe:uonc;; Kl. vnt.c.Jv cm.Kol. vwviw. 01 unapxoV'tcc; 
nepiopioµoi au'tou t.ou t.unou ea nptnci va Kat.apyn0o\l'v. 
EninAtov, unoKe:iµe:voi o"tnv ccpapµoyft t.wv icav6vwv avtaywvioµou "tn<; 
Zuv8flKnc;, oi Ilapoxe:ic;; Ynnpe:oiC:W 6cv Sa nptnci va cpno6i~oV'tai va 
npoa<ptpouv Kai vo"toµuouc; ouv!>uaopouc; 6iapopca>V ici vm.c;,v unnpe:oiw, 6nc..>c; 
unnpcoi<N <p<..>vnc; Jtai -r.n.Ace:ioonoinom;, fl va naptxouv unnpcoie:c; :uvnt.ck 
cn1ico1vCtJV1<.Jv oe 6.hn 'tnv Eupwnaiicn Evwon. 
fJ J lliaog>dAion t:nc ollpp6P<J<.JOn~ pc uc jjaoixt~ aaai "Cnocic xa.i uc ana.i t:nocic 
6np6oia~ unnpcoiac pc t:n poP<Pn KavovlOJU&iv cpnopiou 
H cni~o.hn icavoviot.iKWV' cAtyxwv Kai 6pc,N a6cio66t.non~ ot.ouc; napoxci~ 
unnpe:o1W'1, e:iu: ave:~6pt.nr.wv e:it.e: e:vocuµa'tcuµ~ywv e:it.c anot.e:.hoUvt.wv µtpoc;: 
'tnc; e:1q1e:t.6AA.e:ucnc; Kl. vm.Wv 01.lC't.UWV', . ea O'tQV 6uoav6Aovn µe: t.ouc; 
cn161wic6µe:vouc; avt.1.Ke:1µe:v1icouc; ot.6xouc;: ot.o cnine:6o t.n<; napoxnc; unnpcoiC:W. 
Et.nv np6~n, n ouµµ6p<pwon µe: 'tl.<; ~aoiictc; anai t.nocic; icai 'tl.<; anai t.noe:ic; 
6nµ6oiac; unnpcoiac; µc 'tn µop<pn icavovioµC.:W cµnopiou ea 6iaa<paA1Ce:'tal. µtqw 
t.CJV' unoxpe:c.Jocwv nou t.i6e:vt.ai ot.ouc; ,opcic; cicµct.OA.he:uonc;: icivnt.c.Jv 6J.K'tU<.JV 
t.wv onoiwv 01 unnpcoicc; naptxovt.ai. H cn1~01u'l np6o9ct.wv 6pc.w 61a0<p6A1onc; 
ot.ouc; napoxcic; unnpCOl.Wv ea au~ave: 'tQ VCVJ.lCQ 01.0l.Kn'tl.ICO t.ouc; t~o6a, ea 
ncpi6piCe:, Ouvnt.J.K6, t.ic; i:e:xvo.hoyi:actc; icai vot.oµicc; Kai t.J.c; icai vot.oµicc; 
ot.ic; unnpcoicc;, icai ea ncp16p1~e: t.ov aVt.aywv10µ6 t.600 ot.nv 16~a 
t.e:xvo.hoyia 600 Kai µct.a;u Oiapope:t.i:ac~ icivnt.C:W t.cxvo.Aoyi.C:W. 
211 
Oi itavoviot.i.Koi 6poi 5iaocp6Aionc; nou e:ni~OAAo~ai onµe:pa ot.ouc; napoxcic; 
unnpe:oiQ\r ea nptne:i va avu.Kat.aot.aeo\N µe: tva oupcp<Nnptvo e:ee:Ao~l.1C6 
KtJ6iKa glf1lncpi~op6~. AUt.6<; o K~l.Kac; ea nptne:i, e:161K6t.e:pa, va Ka8opitci 
ot.n ~aon t.nc; e:ee:Aovt.unc; ouµµe:'toxnc; 't.WV napoxtwv YnnpcoiQ\r, 11t'tpa ital. 
'tuniKtc; cn1xcipn11a'tl.Ktc; npaK't.1Ktc;, oxc61ao11tvcc; va 6iaocpaAitouv t.ic; 
~aoiKtc; anai'tnocic; 6nc.x; n npoo"taoia 6c6oµtvwv Kai n npoo'taoia t.ou 
npoO<.tJ111Kou an6ppn'tou. 
ea nptne:i e:nionc; va e:vowµat.W'Vci np6'tuna 6oov apopa o'tn 11ov1p6't.nt.a, 
5ia0e:oip6'tn'ta Kai noi6t.nt.a unnpe:oiQ\r, itaeWc; Kai Ka'te:ue~npie:c; vpa1111tc; 
nou apopow oe: t.e:xvu:tc;, ou::ovoµi.Kt<; itai cpnopl.lctc; npaKt.l.Ktc;. Ee: oxton 11c 
'tl.<; cpnopiKt<; npaKt.l.Ktc;, o K~i.Ka<; ea nptne:i va npow0ci e:pnopiitn 
ouµne:picpopa nou va e:ivai. nAnpwc; oUpcpwvn 11e: "touc; Kav6ve:c; a~avwv1011ou 'tnc; 
Kol.V6'tnt.ac;, £l.6l.K6t.e:pa, yia 'tnV anOfuyl'l 61apo1paoµou 'tn<; ayopQ<; fl 
~l.a~aywvl.O'tl.KQv 61.aKaVOVl.OµQv t.l.pQv µe:t.a~U cpoptwv £Kµe:t.0AA£UOn<; fl 
pe:'t.a~u napoxtwv unnpe:oiwv, Kai.In 6ia'tnpnonc; 'twv 't.ipQ\r pe:t.an~onc; pe:t.a~u 
t.wv cpoptwv e:itpe:t.OAAe:uonc; Kai t.wv napoxtwv unnpe:oiQ\r KaeWc; Kai t.nv np6An\.lfll 
-c .1'tiav"tavwv1o't.1KW'V ot.aupoe:16W'V e:ni6o"tnoe:wv pe:'ta;u e:o66wv an6 unnpe:oie:c; 
Kai Kivnt.6 'te:pµat.i.Ka. o KW61Ka<; Euµne:picpopac; pnope:i va ne:piAaµ~ave:i 
6copcuoe:ic; oe: oxton µe: t.a npoo6v'ta Kai t.nv e:Kna16e:uon t.ou npoowniKou. 
0 KW6l.Ka<; ea nptne:i e:nionc; va e:ni~nt.ci 'tnV e:;aocp6Aion \J'lifilAou e:nin£6ou 
npoo't.aoiac; t.ou Kat.avaAw~n. i5iait.cpa e:veappwo~ac; 'tn 5iacpave:ia o'tnv 
t.ipoA6ynon 't.WV unnpe:oiwv Kai ot.a ouµ~6Aaia 't.WV ne:Aa't.Wv Kai, 6nou e:ivai 
Ka't.6AAnJ..O, ea nptne:l. va nap£X£l. _µnxaviopouc; via t.nv cniAuon 't.WV 5iapop6Jv 
Ka0~ Kai 5iop9w'tiK£<; e:v£pye:1e:c;2z. 
Onoia6nno~e: 61a61Kaoia e:Svi.Knc; 5nAwonc; via "touc; napoxe:ic; unnpe:oiW'V pnopci 
cnionc; va anai t.e:i an6 aut.ouc; va 5nAQ\rouv av ea ouppe:'ttxouv O'tov K~iita 
Eupne:picpopac;. 
4 EYXNOTHTEE 
22 oi ~aoiK£<; apxtc; t.nc; noAit.i.Knc; 'tn<; Evwonc; oxe:t.iKa 
pa5ioouxv6t.nt.e:c; ~piOKOVt.al. ot.nv nAal.Ol.aKn 05nvia ONP, 
6nc.x; o 61axwp10µ6c; 't.WV 5paot.npiot.nt.wv e:Kµe:"t.OAAe:uonc; 
6pao'tnpi6t.nt.e:c;, nou £xouv Ka9ie:pw8e:i an6 t.nv 06nyia 
Ynnpe:oiQ\r Kal. t.nv npaoivn_Bi~Ao t.OU 1987. µe: i:.nv np6o~aon O'tl.<; 
Kai oe: ycvi.Kt<; apxtc;, 
an6 'tl.<; KaVOVl.O'tl.KC<; 
't.WV TnAe:niKol. vwvi.CllCQ\r 
To· Ap9po 2 ( 10) t.nc; nAa101aKnc; O!>nyiac; ONP npo~Atne:i "touc; 6pouc; ONP nou 
oxe:t.i~o~ai µe: t.n xpnon "ouµncpi.Aaµ~avoµtvnc; t.nc; np6o~aonc; oe: ouxv6t.n'te:c; 6nou 
anai i:.cit.ai ". Et.o ~a9µ6 nou t.ct.0101 6poi unapxouv ct.a Kpat.n-MtAn, nptnci va 
e:ivai a~1Ke:1µe:v1Koi, xwpic; !>iaKpioe:ic;, 5iacpave:ic; Kai avaAoyiKoi µe: 't.OV 
cnitni:.oupe:vo avt.1Ke:1µe:v1K6 ot.6xo. 
TaU"t.6xpova, oe: µia oe:ipa an6 µt'tpa ouoxe:"tioµ£va µe: t.n 6nµioupyia i:.nc; 
e:oc.rr.e:piKn<; ayopac; via t.l.c; t.nAcnl.KOl.VWVie:c;, 't.O Euµ~ouAio uio9t'tnoe: e:i!>l.KQ via 
H tvvo1a 'tOU xa'tav<lAw'tn op!~c'tai o'to Ap0po 2 'tn~ 06nv!a~ 93/13/EEK 'tn~ Sn~ AnpiA!ou 1993 via 661xou~ 6pou~ o'ta ou11~6.Aaia nc.Aa"t.wv, OJ L95/29, 21. 4. 93 c.>c; ·x69c cpuoix6 np6oc.mo nou 
cvcpvci via oxonoo~ nou c!vai t~w an6 'to cni'tn6cupa. 'tnv cn1xcipnon n 'to cn6vvcAp6 'tou. 
212 
t.ic; t.cxvoAovicc; µtt.po, Wot.£ vo npowSnoci t.nv ouvt.ovioµtvn cioayCJJVfi 'tf.tJV' 
novcupwnalKQv unnpcol.Qv. Atn6 t.a ci6iKa µtt.pa nt.av oxct.i.Ka µc t.o GSM 
( nayK6oµio tuot.nµa Ki vnt.W'V Enu:oi vwviC:W), t.ic; DECT ( Euf)<.Lllab:tc; 'l'nq>iOK¢C: 
T?lAcni.KoJ.vwvicc; µc Aoupµot.itc6 T?lAtq>wva) Kai t.ic; urmpcoicc; t.l1Acc16onoinonc; t.ou 
ERMES (Eupwna1K6 Euot.nµo Pa6ioµnvuµ6t.wv)23• Mia ouvr.ovioµtvn Koivot.l.Kn 
an6Kpl.On nt.aV avayKoia OC K60c ncpint.won via VQ anot.panOUv C0ViKoi q>payµoi µc 
t.n µopcpn t.nc;· Kat.axWpnonc; ouxvot.nt.wv n µc t.ov t.p6no t.nc; cx:xc.Jpnonc; ouxvot.nt.wv 
. nou va cµno61Couv t.nv ov6nt.u~n t.tt.oiwv navcupwna!KC:W urmpeoJ.c:w, Ka0W<; cnionc; 
via va 6iaoq>aAioouv 6t.i o avtavwvioµ6c; 6cv ea 6iaat.pe~Ac.leci an6 ceviKn 
noAit.J.Kn ouxvot.nt.wv. H Enit.ponn, cvioxoovtac; cvtpycu:c; nou avaAfl~0nKav an6 
t.nv Eupwna!icn ~l.6oK£'!1fl Taxu5poµciwv KOJ. T?lAcniKOJ.vc.>ViC:W (CEPT)-:24 tnai~c 
cnionc; onµavt..uc6 p6A.o ot.ic; np6oq>ot.cc; npwt.~ouAicc; oxct.iKa µc t.nv cioayc.JV{l 'tc.N 
"i'nqaOKC:W Poo1oe:nuo1vwv1W'V Mi.Kpnc; Eµ~tAciac;, t.o Eniycio Euat.nµa TnAc<p<JViac; cv 
Ilt.noci Kai t.a Euot.nµat.a TnAcnAnpocpopiKnc; 061KC:W Met.acpopcJ\1. 
4. 3 Kaivot.iKn npootvvion ot.ov npovpaµµat.10µ6 ouxvot.frtCAJV Kai ot.ov ouvt.oviop6 oc 
Eup<A>11alK6 cninc6o 
23 
24 
25 H ~aou:fl. npootvvion o"tov npoypaµµat.10µ6, · t.nv icat.axt:lpnon icai t.o ouvtovioµ6 
ouxvot.nt.wv Ka0opiot.nicc ot.o ~n~ioµa t.ou Euµ~ouAiou 90/C166/0225, t.o onoio 
anai t.ci, µct.a~u 6J...Awv, 6t.1 o ouvt.ov10µ6c; t.<N pa6ioouxvot.nt.wv nptnci vo 
ot~ct.al. t.nv apxn t.OU 61axwp1oµou t.OU KaVOVl.Ot.l.KOU tpyou Kal. t.OU tpyou 
cicµct.OAAcuonc;, cvw ea nptnci va avaCnt.oUV'tai yvWµcc; an6 napoxcic; unnpcoit.:Jv, 
~ioµnxavia, xpnot.cc; Kai opyavioµouc; t.unonoinonc; Kat.6 t.nv tpcuva via ouxv6t.n­
t.cc; nou t.al.pl.6~ouv KaAut.cpa O"tl.<; µcAAovt.iKtc; cq>appoytc;. 
H An6q>aon 90/Cl66/2 ananci t.nv npoc.Jenon t.nc; nio ano6ot.i.Knc; xpnonc; t.ou 
q>6oµot.oc; ouxvot.nt.wv, Aa~6vovt.oc; xpovi.tca un61i'Il t.i.c; anai t.nocic; t.wv napoxt<.t.JV 
unnpcoiw icai t.wv xpnot.Wv un6 t.o cpwc; t.wv vtfiN npot.UnCiN icai u:xvoAoyiC:W. 
H xpnon t.wv po6ioouxvouh.wv nptm::i va vivct.ai ouµcpwvo µc t.ouc; Kavovioµo\l'c; 
Pooiocnitcoivwvi<Jv t.nc; ~ic8vouc; Evwonc; TnAcniicoivwvi<Jv (ITU). Mtoa O'tO 
ncpi~OAAov out.6, n cpyaoia ea nptnci va npoxwpci npoc; t.nv tyKaipn icat.axt:lpnon 
cnapic<Jv n6pwv ouxvot.nt.wv via t.ic; cpq>avi~6pcvcc; icivnt.tc; Kai 6opuq>opiictc; 
cq>appoyt c;. 
Evac; ncpait.tpw avt.1icc1µcv1K6<; ot.6xoc; t.ou ano6ot.iicou npoypopµat.iopou 
ouxvot.nt.wv ea nptnci va civa1 n t.cxviicn µcviat.onoinon t.ou opi0pou t.wv 6uvat.C:W 
BA~nc Z'l)cnaon 'tOU tu11~ou}\.iou 87 /371/EOK 'tnc; 25nc; Iouviou 1987 nou acpo¢ 'tD ouvtovi.optvn 
e:vxa't6o'tQOD nave:upwnaiitwv yn'Pl.OlCWV lCU\fCAw'tWV 6n}l60l.WV e:nive:i.wv ltl.VU'tWV £IIl.ltOl.VWVl.WV O'tDV 
Ko1v6"tn'ta OJ L196/81, 17.7.87, 06ny.io 'tOU tup~0\1AiOU 87/372/EOX OX£'tl.lt6 pe 'tl.<; tW£c: 
ouxvo'tn'twv nou ea 61a'te:8ouv via t.n ouv'tov1optvn eyxa't6o'taon nave:upc.>nalxwv yncpi.axwv 
xuye:M.l'tWV 6np6oi.wv cniyci.wv itivn'twv cniitoivwvi.wv O'tDV Xo1v6'tn'ta OJ L196/85, 17.7.87, 
:EUO"tQOD 'tOV Zup~OUAiOU 90/543/EOK 'tn<; 9nc; Oit"tW~piou 1990 OXC"tl.1t6 pc "tD OVV'tOVl.optvn 
cvxa't6o'taon naveupwnaiitou cniyciou 6nµ6oiou ouo'tnpatoc; pa61o'tllAcc16onoinonc;: O'tDV Ko1v6'tD'tO, 
OJ L310/23, 9. 11.90, 06nyia 'tOU tup~ouAiou 90/544/EOlt 'tDC: 9nc;: Oit't~piou 1990 oxc't1x6 pe 'tl.C: 
twvcc;: ouxvo'tn'twv nou op!tovt.01 via 'tn ouvt.ovi.011tvn eyxcn6o'taon 'tou naveup.malxou cniyei.ou 
6np6o1ov ouo'tn}la"toc; pal5io'tnAcci6ono1nonc; o'tnv Koi.v6'tn'ta OJ L310/28, 9. U. 90 Wn91opa 'tou 
tuii.fk>uAtou 'tnc;: 14nc; Acxeii~piou 1990 via 'tnv 'tcAixn cp6on 'tDC: ouvtovioptvnc;: cyxa't6o'taonc; 
navevpc.>nal~v yncpiaxwv xuycM..>'twv 6n}l601wv cniye:iwv x1vn'twv cn1xo1vwv1wv O"tnv Ko1v6'tn'ta (GSM 
), 90/263/EOK. OJ C263/9, 31.12.90, 06nyia "tou tup~ouA!ou 91/287/EOK 'tDC: 7nc;: Iovv!ou 1991 
oxe't11t6 pc 'tn twvn ouxvo'tn"twv nou nptne:i va op1cnci vi.a 'tn ouvtovi.optvn cyxcn6o'taon 
yncpi.axwv cvpwnaixwv aouppa"twv 'tnAcniicoivwviwv (DECT) cnnv Ko1v6"tn'ta, OJ L144/45, 8.6.91 xa1 
tuoi;aon 'tOV ZVll~OuA!ou 91/288/EOK t.nc; 3nc; Iouv!ou .1991 yi.a 'tD OUV'tOVl.Olltvn cvxa"t6o"taon 
yncp1axwv cupc.>naixwv aouppO"tWV 'tnAcnl.XOl.VWVl.WV (DECT) O'tnV XOl.V6'tn'ta, OJ L144/47, 8.6.91. 
r1a ncp1006'tcpo Acn'topcpn 0cwpnon 'tOU p6Aou "tn<; CEPT O'tO ne:61o 'tC.W OUXVO'tfl"tWV, ~Atnc 
nap6p'tnpa B. 
Wncp1011a "tOU tup~ouAiou 90/Cl66/02 'tnc; 28nc; Iouviou 1990 via 'tDV e:vioxuon 'tDC: 61cupc.>naixnc;: 
ouvepvao!ac; O'tl.C: pa61oouxv6'tn'tcc;, u.6i.x6"tcpa oc oxton pc vnn,peoicc; nave:upc..mat1u\c; 616ataonc;, 
OJC166, 7. 7. 90. 
213 
26 
27 
28 <pop£CAJV eicµet.6hhe:uonc; Kivnt.wv e:ni.Koivwvi<Jv, npavµa nou onµaivei 6t.i µnope:i va 
unap~£l. u:xviK6 n 6uvat.6t.nt.a via m:pioo6t.e:pouc; an6 6\l'o <pope:ic; e:icµe:t.OAAeuonc; 
via µia 6e:6oµ£vn unnpe:oia. 
Anot.uxia Ot.nV npow0non µnxavioµc.Jv via t.nV nio ano60t.l.Kn Xpnon t.OU <paoµat.O<; n 
t.n ~iaoq>6Aion µe:t.6{3aonc; npoc; vce:c; ano~ot.u£c; t.e:xvoAovie:c;; ea unov6µe:ue t.ii; 
apx£c; aVt.avwvioµou t.nc; EuvenKnc;. Ei6iK6t.e::pa, ea icaeuot.e::pouoe:: t.n 6i66oon VECiJV 
Kal. nponvµ£vwv t.€XVOAOVl.Wv KOl. ea E:ViOXUE: t.O avt.aVCAJVl.Ot.1K6 nAe:OVCKt.nµa t.W 
unapx6vt.wv µn ano6ot.iKwv ~op£wv e:icµe::t.6.h.heuonc;;. 
Mia ouvtovioµ£vn npoo£yyion ot.nv Kat.axWf)non ouxvot.nt.CAJV e::ivai e:nionc; ~t.rtiicn 
via va e::.haxiot.onoinoe::i t.n 6uvat.6t.nt.a nape::µ~o.hnc;; ouxvot.nt.CAJV, e::i6iic6t.e::pa, ot.ic; 
ouvopiaic£c; ne::piox£c;. 
To n.haioio via t.o ouvt.ovioµ6 t.wv ouxvot.nt.CAJV ot.nv EupWnn £xe:i opiot.e::i ot.o 
~n~ioµa t.ou Euµ{3ou.hiou 90/C166/02, ot.o ~n<pioµa t.ou Euµ{3ou.hiou 92/C318/1 icai 
ct.a Euµne::p6oµat.a t.ou ~uµ{3ou.Aiou t.nc; 7nc; ~e:Ke::µ{3piou 1993, oe:: an6icpion t.nc; 
Avaicoivwon~ t.nc; Enit.ponnc; via t.n Nta Ilpootyyion ot.o Euvt.ovioµ6 t.CiJV 
tuxvot.nt.wv 6. Aut.6 avavvwpisouv t.nv EupwnaYicn Enit.ponn Pa6ioe:niicol.VCiJVl.Wv 
( ERC) Kai t.O Eu~naYK6 rpa<pcio Pa5ioe:nl.K01. vwvic.Jv we; t.O ~aoiic:6 <p6pouµ via 
t.£t.oio ouvt.ovioµ627 Me: 5e:5oµ£vn t.n onµaoia nou ano5i5e:t.ai ot.o <p6pouµ aUt.6 
an6 t.nv Koiv6t.nt.a, n Enit.ponn oKone::ue:i va avant.u;e::i, µ6.hic; t.e::ee:i t.o icat.6.hAnAo 
voµiic6 n.haioio icai µe: £va t.p6no ouµ{3at.6 µe:: t.ic; unoxpe::ooe:ic; t.nc; tuvetumc;, 
ox£on µe:: aUt.6 t.a 5uo 6pvava nap6µoia µe:: aut.nv nou £xe::i avant.u;e::i µe:: t.o 
EupwnaYic:6 Ivot.it.out.o Tn.Ae::nl.KOlVWVl.QKWv npot.unCAJV28• Aut.6 ea npoav6ve::i ne::piox£c; 
e::pvaoiac; µe:: npot.e::pa16t.nt.a o"Lo m:5io t.CAJV ouxvot.nt.wv icai ea e::;ao<pa.hioe::i 6t.i 
51a<pu.h6ooovt.a1 t.a ouµ~£povt.a "Ln<; Evwonc;. ria µ10 aic:6µa <pop6, ~aoiicn µ£p1µva 
ea e::ivai n 5iao~6Aion ano5ot.1Kwv ic:ai 5ia<pavc.Jv 5ia5iicaoi<.:w oe:: Ko1vot.iic6 
e::nim:5o 01 onoie::c; ea anot.p£nouv "Ln 5nµioupvia ~pavµc.Jv ot.nv e::ow't.e::piicn avop6. 
Aut.6 ea anait.noe::i t.nv napaKo.AouSnon 6xi µ6vov t.CAJV anocp6oe:wv nou £xouv An<pee::i 
an6 t.a 6pvava aut.6, a.AA6 Kai t.nv t.axut.nt.a Kai t.o ~aeµ6 ot.ov onoio 
u.hono106vt.a1 npavµat.1K6 an6 t.a Kp6t.n-M£.hn 01 An0<p6oe::1c; t.nc; ERC. 
Mia vta npootvvion O'tO ouv'tovioµ6 t.wv ouxvo'trhwv o"tnv Koiv6'tn"ta, Avaxoivwon an6 'tnv 
Eni'tponn nou acpop6 o'tnv np6'taon via An6cpaon 'tou tup~ouAiou via 'tnv uAonoinon an6 'ta Kp6'tn 
MtAn pt'tP<"V nou acpopouv 'tl.~ Pa0ioouxv6t.n'tc~, COM(93) 382, 10.9.93. ria ncpioo6't£po Acn"toµcpn 0cwpnon "tn~ ERC xai "tOU ERO, ~Atnc Ilap6p"tnpa B. 
BAtnc, Mia vta npootvvion ot.o ouv"tovi.0116 t.wv paOioouxvo"tn"twv o"tn Koiv6"tn"ta, AvOJ:oivwon an6 
'tnv Enuponn COM(93)382, 19. 9. 93. Ta xupia o"toixc!a 'tn~ vta~ npootyyion~ nou npo~AtnoV't.ai 
an6 'tnv Eni'tponn o"tnv Avaxo!vwon "tn~ lOn~ tcn"tcp~p!ou 1993 c!vai w~ c~n~s 1 ~ 
npW't.O ~npa, anal."t£!"tai an6cpaon via 'to av anait.ouV't.al. Xoivo't.ixt~ cvtpvcic~ oc ci6ixt~ 
ncpioxt~ pa6ioouxvo'tnt.wv n onoia ea An~ec! ouµcpwva pc xaeopioptva xpi't.npia. 
1 To J:up~ouA10, ~aoioptvo oc pia np6'taon 'tn~ Em. 'tponn~, ea uioec't.noci tva c't.noio np6vpappa 
cpyao!a~ oxc't.ix6 pc 'tnv cpyao!a o'to nc61o 't.WV ouxvo'tn't.wv, oupncpi.Aap~avoptvwv xai 'tWV 
Anai'tnocwv Epyao!a~ npo~ 'to ERO va cxt.cAtoci 'tnv anapa!'tn'tn 'tcxvixn cpyao!a nou o'toxcuci 
o'tov npoo6iopiop6 'twv xa't6AAnAwv ncpioxwv ouxvo'tn"twv. 
1 Av anal.'t.OUV't.al. 6copcu'tl.x6 pt'tpa, 6cv Ba npo'ta0c! Koivo'tixn vopoeco!a oc 6c6optvn ncpioxn av 
'ta pt'tpa nou npO'tCiVOV't.al. an6 au't6 't.0 'tCXVl.1:6 oW}la'ta ouppOpcpWVOV't.al. }1£ 'ta Kol.VO'tiJC6 
oupcptpoV't.a. .OAa 'ta Kp6'tn-MtAn uAonoiouv 'ta pt't.pa ptoa 0£ £oAoyo xpovo6i6ypappa xai 6Aa 'ta 
pt'tpa pc~aptpoV't.al. o'tnv cevixn voµo0co!a w~ axoAouew~: 
1 6Aa 'ta pt't.PQ uAonoioll'V't.al. ou11110,P<t>ouµcva 11c 'tl.~ anai 't.noci~ nou 't!8cV't.al. via 'tnv 
xa~6AAnAn pc'tacpop6 'twv Koivo'tixwv 06nviwv o'tnv ceviJCn vopoeco!a, 
1 Ta Kp6'tn-MtAn anoo'ttAAouv o"tnv Enit.ponn µtoo oc coAoyo xpovix6 616o'tnpa, 'ta xcipcva 
't.WV v6pwv, JCavoviopwv xai 61ou:n't1xwv Oiat.6~cwv nou civai anapai'tn'ta yia 'tn 
oupp6pcpwon pc JC6ec An6cpaon ERC, 
i n ED1.'tpon6 ea 6npoo1£uoc1 o~nv Enionµn E~nµ~piOa avacpopt~ o~a xcipcva uAono!non~, yia 
va cn1'tcux8c! cnapxn~ 6iacp6v&ia. 
Av x6no1a an6 'tl.~ napan6vw ouvenxc~ 6ev nAnpou'tai, n Eui'tponn ea npo'tcivci tva Koivo'tl.JC6 
6pyavo npo~ uio8t'tnon. 
214 
4.4 Ilpo't£pa16'tn't£<; O'tO nc61o 'tOU 0\1V'tOV10pou OUXVO'tO'tWV 
Evac; api0µ6c; 6µcowv npot.e:paioi::ni::wv VJ.a O~OV1.0p6 pa6l.OOUXVO'tO'tCJV VJ.a Kl.vn'tt<; 
e:nii<oivcuvie:c; ot.nv EupWI1n npoKuni::e:i an6 t.nv anai'tnon va UAonoin0oU'V ot.nv Evwon 
01 ancxp6oe:ic; nou An~6nKav ot.nv navic60µ1a ~ioiicn'tiKn ~160Ke:'lfl 
Pa51oe::n1ico1vwv1c.Jv -WARC 92. Aut.£c; av'tavaKAOUv t.nv ve::viicn navK60µ1a t.6on nou 
ou~nt.cit.ai o"ta napap'tnµat.a A, B icai r npoc; 'tic; unnpcoie::c; npoowniicW\T cniico1vw­
v1W\T. 
Ooov acpopa 'tic; pa5ioouxv6"tn'te:c; via ouo'tnpa'ta nou npoopi~ovtai via 'to e::upu 
icoiv6, 01 ~paxunp60coµe::c; npot.e:pai6t.n'te::c; ea nptne::i va m:p1AallP6vouv 'tn An'lfl 
anocp6oe::cuv, icai t.nv npaKt.iicn t.ouc; uAonoinon an6 'ta Kp6'tn-M£An, nou ea 
npoo61opi~ouv EupwnaYictc; icai Koivo'tiictc; ouxv6'tn'tec; µ£oa o'tic; ~W\Tec; nou 
ouµcpcuvn0nicav ot.n WARC via µe:Ahov"t1Kn xpnon an6 'tic; cnive::ie::c; icivn"ttc; 
e::niicoivwvicc; icai t.a e:n1icoivwviaK6 ouot.nµa'ta 5opucpopiicnc; ~6onc;. 
Ei5iic6t.cpa, aut.6 ea np£nci va ne:p1Aaµ~6vci µia oacpWc; 5coµcUt.iicn unoxp£won via 
icoiv£c; ~W\Te:c; via t.ic; unnpe:oic~ DCS-1800, t.ic; µcAAovtiic£c; navic60µ1cc; Ynnpcoie:c; 
Kivnt.c.Jv TnAe:niKoivwviwv (UMTS), icai via tWve:c; ouxvot.nt.wv via ouot.nµa~a 
npoowniicWv e:niKoivwvic.Jv bopu~opiicnc; ~aonc; (ouµne:p1Aaµ~avoµ£vwv t.wv Euot.nµat.wv 
Xaµn.Mc; rni vnc; Tpoxi6c; ( LEO) ) . 
Oi anocp6oe:ic; ea np£ne:i e:nionc; va icaSopi~ouv oapWc; t.a np6t.una nou np6ice:1'ta1 va 
xpno1µonoin60U'V, e:i'te: un6pxovt.a ei'te: un6 .av6nt.u~n, ica9Wc; Kai auot.n,PO 
Xpovob1avp6µµat.a via t.nV npoo5e:Ut.l.Kn 5ia0e::oiµ6"tnt.a t.CJV OX£t.iKWv OUXVO'tn't<.JV 
nou ea oOnyoU"V o'tnv nAnpn uAonoinon an6 'ta Kp6'tn-M£An. 
Ooov a<pop6 t.a ouot.nµat.a nou npoopi~ov'tal. via ibia xpnon n via xpnon an6 
KAe:iot.£c; oµ66cc; xpnoi:.wv ( unnpe:oie:c; i6ic..rtiicW\T icivnt.W\T paOiocniicoivwviwv icai 
161w't1ic£c; Kl.vnt.£<; unnpe:oie:c; be:6oµ£vwv), 6µcon npot.e:pa16t.nt.a ea np£ne:i va 
civai µia an~aon nou va npoobiopi~e:i tW\Tcc; ouxvot.n'twv, ( ouµncp1Aaµ~6vovtac; 
lCOl. Xpovob16vpaµµa Vl.O 'tn 51a8e:o1µ6'tnt.6 t.ouc;), Vl.O OUO'tnµa'ta nou Xpnoiµonoi­
OUv 'tO EupwnaYic6 '!'flq>l.aK6 l;e:uKt.l.KOnoinµ£vo np6T.uno (TETRA). Au't6 ea £XCl. 
1b1aiT.e:pn onµaoia, O'!.O nAaioio 'tnc; au;nonc; T.nc; ouvcpvaoiac; µct.a~u 'tCUV 
aoT.uvoµiicW\T buvaµe:wv icai µe:t.a~u t.wv bnµ6oiwv apxW\T µtoa ot.o nAaioio 'tnc; 
Euv0nicnc; T.nc; EupwnaYicnc; Evwonc; icai T.n<; EuµfPCJViac; Schengen29 
4.5 KoJ.VO'tl.lCO npootvvion O'tOV npovpaµµat.ioµ6 OUXVO'tO'tWV KQl. O'tO OUV'tOVJ.0µ6 0£ 
Oic8v£c; cnine:f>o 
29 To ~nq>ioµa i:.ou Euµ~ouAiou 90/C166/02 anaiT.e:i icai i:.nv av6ni:.u~n icoivC:W 
EupwnaYic:Wv etoe:wv _OX£'tl.K6 µc i::n xpnon lCal. t.nv cvapµ6vion t.OU q>6oµat.o~ 
ouxvot.nt.wv oe: 6ie:0v£c; e:nine:bo. Evw oi NRA naipvouv ~cxwp1o't£<; c9viK£c; 
anocp6oe:ic; oT.nv cicxWf)non ouxvot.nt.wv icai e:nit.uyx6vouv ic6noie:c; ouAAoviictc; 
anoq>6oe::ic; oi:.o q>6pouµ T.nc; CEPT, t.o avt.iKe:iµcvo t.£t.oiwv anocp6oe:wv ne::piopi~e::t.ai 
an6 ouµq>wvie:c; oe: 6ie:9v£c; e:n1ne:6o µtoo ot.nv ITU, e:ibiic6t.e:pa an6 auu~c; nou 
Anq>Snicav ot.n WARC 92. Aut.£c; oi ouµ~wvie:c; £xouv t.nv ioxu ouv6nKnc;. ea np£ne::i 
va unµvnoi:.e:i 6T.i, anait.e:it.ai an6 t.a Kp6i:.n-M£An va 6iaoq>aAioouv 6i:.i 01 
bie:Sve:ic; be:oµe:uoe:ic;, nou avaAn~6nKav µe:t.6 t.nv nµe:poµnvia nou t.£9nKe: oe: ioxu n 
Euv9nicn t.nc; EK, e:cpapµ6~ovt.ai µe: t.p6no ouve::nn npoc; t.nv Koivoi:.iKn voµo9e:oia Kai 
noAi 'tl.Kn. Eivai e:noµ£vwc; ouvnenc; npaK'tl.KO vi.a t.a Kpai:.n-M£An VO e:ioavouv at.a 
AAA£~ n£pioxt~ npo~ £~t~aon ea nptn£i va n£p1Aap~6vouv Tonix6 ~ix~ua xai Acroppa~o Tonix6 
Bp6xo xai cnixoivwvic~ via xpnon a£ ouo~npa~a pc~apo,PWv, n.x. ou~npa~a o~a onoia 
xaei~aV'tai 6uva~t~ oi cnixoivwv1£~ xa~6 ~n 616px£1a 016npo6pop1Kov ~a~i6iov. 
215 
npOK'tl.KQ 'tC'tOl.<.JV 01.aOKt~e:<.JV 'tO 6'tl. 8a £<papµ6oouv 'ta anO't£Atoµai:a i:nc; 
0160K£\J.l?l<; ouµcpwva µ£ i:nv K01VOT.1KO voµoecoia. 
Kol. vn Eupwna!icn 0ton aKOAou9n0nice: oi:nv WARC 92, 6nou Mcp8nKav onµavi:utc; 
anocpaocic;; nou acpopouoav i:ic;; icivni:tc;; cniicoivwvicc;; Kai 6AAe:c;;, nio 
e:;e:101Kcuµtve:c;; icai:axwpnoe:ic;; i:6oo oi:ic; xaµnAtc; 600 icai oi:ic;; mvrtAtc; ouxv6i:ni:cc;. 
Au"tt<;; 01. aAAavtc; 9a e:nii:pt~ouv e:v Kal.p<:l i:nv e:upl.Tte:pn xpnon i:nc; ~Wvnc; 1-3 GHz 
via Kl.Vn"ttc; £nl.KOl.V<.JVie:c;, i:6oo e:nive:icc; 600 Kal. Oopucpopiicnc; ~aonc; 0• 
H Enii:ponn oicone:ue:i va aKoAou8noe:i µia 'tC'tOl.a npootvvion Kal. oi:ic; µe:AAOV"tl.Ktc; 
WRC t"to1, Wo"te: 01 navic6oµie:<;; npo"te:pa16"tn"te::<; "tn<; Koi v6"tni:ac; va e::vonoin0oU'V 
O'tOV nayK60pl.O npovpaµµai:ioµ6 <.J<; µ£00 np0C:,9nonc; 'tn<; OV"taVWVl.O'tl.KO<; 0£onc; i:nc; 
~ioµnxaviac; "tnc; Eupwna!icnc;; Evwonc;;. 01 Koi voi:iictc; npo"tcpa16"tn'tE:c; oc oxton µc 
"tOV n£p1<p£pciaic6 OUV"tOVl.0µ6 T.<.JV OUXVO'tO"tCAJV 0a nptn£1 Va avtaVOKAWv'tal. O"tnV 
npootvvion "tnc;; Koiv6"tn"tac;; ot.1<;; WRC '95 icai WRC '97. 
5 IlPOETAEIA TON ETOIXEION KAI TOY AilOPPHTOY 
30 
31 A6vw i:nc; anouoiac; µiac; ouv"tovioµtvnc; Koivo'tl.Kn<;; npootyyionc; i:6oo npoc; i:nv 
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txouv uio0e:"tnoe:i 'touc; Oiicouc; i:ouc; v6µouc; nou e:ni~6Ahouv ne:piopioµouc; o"ti.c; 
'tnAe:niicoivwviaKt<;; unnpe:oie:c;; KQl. i:nv e:ne:;e:pvaoia Oe:Ooµtv<.JV oxc6iaoµtvouc; vi.a 
va OiaocpaAi~ouv e:napKW<;; t.nv npooi:aoia i:wv oi:oixe:iwv. O ~a0µ6c; npooi:aoiac; 
noi.KiAe:l. onµav"tl.K6 an6 Kp6'toc;-M£Aoc; oe: Kp6i:oc;-M£Aoc; Onµioupy~ac; onµav'tl.Kfc; 
Oiad'tp£~Aooe:ic; oi:nv e:owi:e:piicn avop6. 01 ne:pioo6'te:poi an6 i:ouc; v6µouc; au"touc; 
e::ivai pOAAOV npoOOVOT.OAl.oµ£vol. oe:: ye:Vl.KQ 9£µa'ta npooi:aoiac; O'toixe:iwv Kal. 
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nio o\)yxpove::c;; ~cpiaictc; i:e:xvoAovie:c;. 
Avnouxie:c; via i:ti:oiouc; <ppavµou<;; Kai via 'tO etµa 'tnc; npoo"taoiac; 'tCAJV Ot.01.XCiCJV 
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ot.oixe:i<.JV icai i:o an6ppni:o avavvwpiot.nice:: we; tvac; icupioc; i:oµe:ait6c; ot.6xoc;. To 
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oxtOia OOnvi.Wv) nou acpopow 'ta npoowniic6 o"toixe::ia Kai "tnv aocp6Ae:ia "t<.JV 
nAnpocpopic.Jv, w<; tva ice:vi:piic6 at.oixe:io oT.o np6ypaµµa i:nc; Eviaiac; Ayop6c;31 
H ve:viicn oonvia npoo"taoiac; T.wv oi:oixe::iwv ica9ie:pc;we:i apxtc; nou ea e:cpapµ6~ovi:ai 
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oT.nv e::owu:piKn avop6. Mia e:i.Oi.Kn OOnvia npoo'taoiac; i:nAe::niicoi v<.JVi.aic<Jv 
o'toixe:iwv, i:ic; npooapµ6~e::l. 600 e:ivai anapai'tn'to oe: 9£µai:a npoo'taoiac; 
oi:oixe:iwv icai anopppnt.ou nou e:ivai e:yye:vn oi:n ~cpiaicn "tnAe:niKoivwvia.Kn 
'tCXVOAovia. 
OT.CV uio0e:'tn9e:i, QU"tn n £1.0.lKn oonvia 'tnAe:nl.KOl.VWVl.Wv ea: 
• Ile:piopi~e:i 'tn XpOVl.Kn ne:pioOo ano0nKe:uonc; e::uaio9ni:wv 
ria nEpl.006'tcpo A£D't0}1£.P£i<; 8cwpno£J.<; 'tWV anO't£A£0}16'tWV 'tnc; WARC 92, ~AtnE na~p'tnpa r, 
'tpnpa 9. 
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'tnv cnctcpyaoia 'twv npoowni.Kwv o'toixciwv KOl. yia i:nv £A£U9cpn 61.aKivnon 'tt'toi.wv O'tOJ.Xciwv, 
COM(92) 422, 15. 12.92 ("n vcviKn 06nyia npoo'tao!ac; 'twv atoi.xciwv•) Kai. un6 tK6oon 
Tpononoi.nptvn np6i:aon yi.a 06nyia 'tou :tu11~ovAiou nou acpo~ o'tnv npoo'taoia 'tWV npoowni.Kwv 
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Kl.Yn'tWV 61.K'tOWV (6£V txEl. OK6pn 6n}lOOl.£U't£i). 
216 
32 • 
• 
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ea anai~ei £~6A£i'i"n ave vpaµµn n ave KAnon icat.6niv ait.nOE:W<; ~OU lCaAOUvtOc; 
~nc;; AvoyvWf)ionc;; KaAouooc;; rpoµµnc;; • 
ea nepiopi~ei t.nv npow8nan Kanae:wv npoc; apieµ6 t.pit.ou µ6vo icot.6niv 
auµcpwvioc; t.ou -r.pi-r.ou, icoi 
Ev6£X£t.O.l Va anoi~ei~Ol. ne:poit.tpw OVOnt.U~n O\TtOU 't.OU nAaioiou We~£ VO 
oniµct.wruo0ouv 0£µot.o nou avocpuovt.oi an6 t.ic;; icivnu~c; e:niicoivwvie:c;. EvC:, n 
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e:nl.KOl.V<.tJVl.Wv µe: t.n xpnan £~01.pE:T.J.l(:e ne:pinaOK<.tJV t.£XVl.KWv icpunt.ovpaqmanc;, 0a 
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an6ppnt.o. Au-r.6 ea anannae:i aKpi!'n napaico.A.ou0nan t.nc; ano-r.e:ae:aµat.iicnc; 
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oonviac;; T.C.UV t.nae:nl.KOl.VWVl.Wv. Aut.6 t.O naaiaio ea nptne:i va avant.ux0e:i, 
iOioit.e:pa oe: axtan µe:: 
• 
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nopeOe:iyµa, e:ivai avevicn va Oiaacpaaiot.e:i 6t.i n xpnan an6 t.ouc; napoxe:ic; 
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Oiaacpaaiat.e:i 6t.i at.oixe:ia axe:-r.iK6 µe: µe: t.o a;i6nia"to icai nJ...npoq>opicc; 
xptwonc; 6e:v nptne:i va Koivonoio~ai oe: t.pit.ouc;) • 
Tnv ao~dAcia r.nc; KA.none; 
Tnv CJlfl.1.0'tCll'CJ.KO'tnT:a 'tWV JlC'tOKJ. vnocCJV T:Oll OllV6popn'C11 ( EiVa.l ovevicn VO 
6i.oacpaA.la"t.£i 6t.l. 0 KaAWV n tvac; t.pi'toc; 6e:v ea yvwpi~Cl. t.n 0fon 'tOU 
KaAOUpCVOU32 
1 £i Val. avevKn Va ne:pl.Opl.Ot.£1 n anOKCAuqtrl t.nc; 0£onc; E:V6<; 
icaaouµtvou a"touc;; auve:pva~6µe:vouc; <p0pe:ic; via "tnv ne:piavwvn icai/n at.ouc; 
napoxe:ic; unnpe:aic.Jv aua"tnp6 icai µ6vo via aiconouc; xp~wonc;). 
Tnv iOia at.ivµn, n np6a13aan o"ta 6e:Ooµtva e:icµe:t.6Ahe:uanc; icai at.a 6e:5oµtva t.nc; 
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n anoenice:uan -r.ouc;, e:ivai ~w"tiicn auviat.t:>oa via t.nv anot.e:ae:oµat.iicn napoxn 
unnpe:oiac;. H np6a~aan, e:noµtvwc;, nptne:i va un6ice:l."tai ot.ouc; Koivot.iicouc; 
icav6ve:c; anavwvioµou, -µtaa at.a 6pia t.ou anoppn"t.ou t.wv o"toixe:iwv nou 
av~tp0nicav nionavw. 
Ee: axton µe: t.n µe:Movt.iKn npootvvian npoc; t.ic; npoawniictc; e:niicoivwvie:c;, ea 
nptne:i va 6oee:i npoaoxn ae: Kat.6Ahnae:c; auae:ic; nou va naptxouv, via napa6e:ivµa, 
"t.OV anapait.nt.o ~aeµ6 e:ue:ai~iac;; ae: oxtan µe: t.nv avayvc.Jpian t.ou icaao~oc; via 
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t.nv avayvc.Jpian t.ou KaAouvt..oc;; at.a 'i"ncpia.1<6 ot.aee::pe 6iin.ua icai t.nv e:µne:ipia oc 
axtan µc t.ic; unnpe:oie:c; t.nl\e:e:iKovovpacpiac;. 
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eyypopd. 
217 
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aU"t.6, nou ita0ie::f)W0nKe:: µe:: t.nv An6q>aon t.ou Euµ~ouAiou 92/242/EOK33• Ee:: oxton µe:: 
t.a OU"t.nµat.a itivn'ttN Kai npoowniKtN e::niicoivwviC:,V, µe::yQAa 9£µat.a OVCl<pUOV't.ai yia 
t.nv e::naAn9e::uon, 'ttnv np6An~n ana'tn<;, t.nv npoot.aoia t.n<; 6iaxe::ipionc; 't.OU 
6i1Ct.uou, 'tl.<;; ~6oe::ic; 6e::6oµ£vwv icai 'touc; napoxe::ic; unnpe::oi'1v34 
6 1HAEYN.aEEH KAI 1HEilA~EE 
33 
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't<J\T lCl.Vn'tWv 61.lC'tUWV 
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napoxta unnpcoic.Jv. 
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unap;n Kavovio'tiK'1v apx'1v yia aut.tc; t.ic; 6ienaptc; 616'ti1 
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cicµct.6.AAe::uonc; Kivn'tou 61K'tuou, o ne::piopioµtvoc; api0µ6c; napoxtwv uno6oµnc; 
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unapx6V'twv ot.a9e:pc.Jv 6J.K'tuwv, icai via t.ov napoxta unnpe:oic.Jv, o 
ncpiopioµtvoc; api9µ6c; t.wv q>opt<J\T e::lCpe::t.6AAe::uonc; lCl.Vnt.c.Jv 61.lCt.~ 
OV'tl.npoowne::ue::i tva onµe:io ouµq>6pnonc; • 
OVOq>UE:t.Ql. t.O 0£µa t.nc; lCO'tOK6puq>n<; e::vonoinonc;: t.O VCVOV6<; 6t.l. £nl.t.p£nE:'tOl. 
ot.ov 1610 opvavioµ6 va e::icµe::t.a.A.Ae::oe::t.al. icai ot.a9e::p6 icai icivnt.6 6iict.ua KQl. 
va naptxe::i unnpe::oie::c; e::ve::ipe::i etµat.a aV'tOV<J\Tl.opou, t.a onoia anai'toUv 
e::nionc; t.n 9tOnl.On KOVOVl.O'tl.lCWv 61.00q>aAiOe<J\T. 
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nAn!)O(p<>pl.WV (92/242/EOJC. OJL 123/19, 8.5.92) 
BAtnE Enion~ i:nv npooexn np6oi.vn Bi~Ao vi.a i:a tuoi:npa'ta A096A£1a~ UAn!)O(p<>pi.wv. 
Dp6'taon vi.a pi.a 06nvia 't0\1 J:up~ouAiou vi.a i:nv £~appoy6 'tn~ Uapoxn~ AVOl.E'tOV Al.E'tVOU (ONP) 
o'tn ._,vn"ti.xn TnAe~via. 
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i:nc; napoxn<; uno6oµflc; e:nav~tpe:t.ai oi:o i:µflµa 9 nioK6"tw). 
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ot.a0e:p6 61KT.ua nou npoopi~ovt.al. via xpnon an6 t.o e:upu 
tva xapaKt.npioi:1K6-KAe:i6i ot.nv e:;tA.i~n npoc; tva 
e:niKoi V"'1\TiW. OT.a Kl.VOT.O 600 Kal. O'ta 
KOiV6, 9a e:iVal. e:nion<; 
ne:pi~OAA.ov npo0<.t.X11K'1v 
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6.1 Oi ~aoiic:tc; apxtc; 61aouv6e:on~ ot.nv Evc.>on 
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6nµ6oio ot.a0e:p6 5iic:i:uo ea np£nci va e:ivai ouµcp<JVe:<; µe: i:ouc; icav6ve:c; 
avT.aywvioµou icai µe: t.ic; apx£c; nou 9£t.e:i n nAa101aicn 06nyia ONP icai n np6T.aon 
via 06nyia t.Ol1 Euµ~ouA.iou via t.nv e:,apµoyfl t.n<; flapoxnc; Avol.K"tOU Al.K"tU0\1 yia 
T.n ~"ti.Kn. t.nAe:,wvia36 (n 06nvia t.nc; tZiwvni:iicnc; TnAe:<pwviac;) icai n 06nyia t.ou 
Euµ~ouA.iou 92/44/EOK37 (n 06nyia T.WV M108<..Jlltvwv rpaµµW\7)38• 
Au-r.6 T.Q µti:pa anal. t.OUv OJ. ouvenic:e:c; 61aow6conc; µc-r.a;u T.WV ot.a0e:¢v lCQl. 
Kl. vnt."'1 611c:t.uwv Kai t.wv Kl. vnt.c.Jv 6iic:t.uwv Kai t.wv napoxtwv unnpe:oic.Jv va 
{jaoi~ovi:ai oe: avt.1Ke:1µe:viK6 Kpl. t.npia, va e:ivai 6i~avcic; x:ai va anoq>e:\)youv 
t.i<; 6iaKpioe:ic; ~ai va e:ivai ouµ~aT.tc; µe: t.nv apxn t.nc; avaA.oyiK6t.ni:ac;39• nptne:i 
va ot~ov-r.ai e:nionc; "tl.<; ~ao11Ct<; anai-r.floe:ic;. H xptwon t.n<; 6iaow6e:onc; Kai CAAe:c; 
oxe:t.iic:tc; xpe:ooe:ic;, npcne:i va e:ivai icooi:ooi:pe:cpe:ic;, nMpwc;; a1't10.hoynµtvcc; ic:ai 
e:vic:e:ic:piµtvcc; an6 i:nv E9v11Cn Kavoviot.iic:n Apxn (NRA). 
H apxn t.n<; 61a,6ve:iac; anait.e:1 oi NRA va txouv n.hflpn np6o~aon oi:ic; ouµ~ie:c; 
61aow6conc; icai t.£t.oie:c; nA.npo,opie:<; va T.i0e:vi:ai oT.n 6160e:on t.nc; En1T.ponnc; av 
~nt.n0o'&v. 
AUt.6 t.a µct.pa ONP KaAun-r.ouv t.£ooe:p1<; XWpoU<;-KAC.161.6 Vl.O t.nv av6nt.u;n t.<.tJV 
Ilp6~aon via 06nvia ~ou Iup~ouAiou via ~nv c~appovti ~n~ Dapox6~ Avoix~ou Aix~uov (ONP) o~n 
cp<a>vn~ix6 ~nAccp<a>via, COH(92) 247, 17.8.92. Koivfl eton nou uio8c~68nxc ~nv ln IovAiou 1993 
06nvia ~ou Iup~ouAiou 92/44/EOK ~n~ Sn~ Iouviou 1992 via ~nv c~appovfi ~n~ llapox6~ Avoix~ou 
Aix~uou o~ic; Mio&wptvcc; rpapptc;, OJL165/27, 9.6.92 
H c~appovfi ~nc; n.Aaioiaic6c; ONP µc auo~npd vopun tvvo1a civai o6pcpa ax6pn ovv6c6cptvn 
vcvix6 pc ~ouc; •opc!c; cxpc~6AAcuon~ 6iic~uwv nou anoAap~6vouv anoxAci~ix6 6 ci6ix6 
6ixai.:,Pa~a. E~o nAaioio ~nc; uAonoinonc; ~ou Wn•iop~oc; ~ou Iup~ouAiou 93/C213/01 ~n~ 22ac; 
IouAiou 1993 via ~nv avaox6nnon ~n~ xa~6o~aonc; o~ov 'topta 'twv ~nAcnixoivwviw xai ~ou 
Wn.iopa~oc; ~ou Iup~ouAiou ~nc; 7n~ Aciccp~p!ou 1993 yia ~DV Xa8oAixA Ynnpcoia. n Enupon6 
66N..>oc o~o Iup~ouAio ~nc; 7nc; ~cxc:µ~piou 1993 6~i pc 'tnv avaox6nnon ~n~ DAaioiaxnc; napox6~ 
Avoix~ou Aix~uou nou npo~Atnc~ai ptoa o~i~ xavovi~ixt~ pu8p!ocic; nou anai~oUvt.ai an6 a~6 
~a 'ID~iopa~a ptxpi. ~nv ln Iavouapiou 1996, civai. cv6cx6pcvo 6~i n c90ppovfi ~nc; Avoix~6c; 
napoxnc; Aix~uou ea ~aoio~c! oc avo,PaAovixt~ etocic; xai 6xi nAtov oc anoxAci~1x6 xai ci6ix6 
6ixaiwpa~a. 
H ovtn~non ~wv Apxwv ONP o~ov ~o:µta au't6 ea nptnci va 6ia~6tc~ai txoV'tac; ~6yn ~n A6.N.Jon 
au~6. 
Onou tvac; ~optac; cxpc~6AAcuonc; txci. xai. cna8cp6 xai xi.vn~6 6ix~vo cxci xpci6tc~ai. va 
un6pxci cnapxnc; 6iaxwpiop6~, i6iai~cpa 6oov ~op6 'ti~ Aovi~ixtc; npax~ixtc;. 
219 
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np6o~aon oe: µioewµtve:c;; vpaµµtc;;, Kai 
np6o~aon oe: unnpcoiec;; cpwvnt.iKnc;; t.l1Ae:cpwviac;; ( 6n1'.a6n ot.o -ot.a9e:p6 6nµ6oio 
6iict.uo ). 
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"6iaouve:pvaoia" icai avacp£pe:t.ai ot.o 6iat.e:ppat.i.K6 616.hovo pe:t.a~u nap6poiwv 
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06nyiac;;, n cpwvnt.iicn t.nAe:cpwvia e:ivai yvwcn.n we; pi.a 11 ai t.J.OAoynptvn ne:pint.w-
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ot.nv noi6t.nt.a t.wv µe:µovwµtv<N 61.Kt.UCAJV 600 KOJ. ot.n 6poµoA6ynon t.c.JV 
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ouot.6oc<N nou txe:i Ka0ie:pw0e:i oe: 6ie:9v£c;; nAaioio e:v6£xe:t.ai va ano6e:ix9e:i 
avcnaptnc;; £t.oi, c.Jot.e: e:v~£xe:t.ai va anait.n900v np6o9e:t.e:c;; e:vtpve:ie:c;; via va 
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fJ J iliaowc5con 
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H KOl.VOt.l.Kn KOVOVJ.Ot.J.Kn nOA1t.l.Kn 6e:v t.ono9e:t.e:1 cnixcipnµat.l.KOUc;; 
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M£AWV 'tc.>V OX£'t1XWV P£ 't.OV 't.£ppa't1lt6 £~0IIA1op6 'tnA£D11t01VWV1Wv D£.P1Aap~avoptvnc; XOl. 'tnc; 
apoi~aiac; avayvwpiocwc; 'tnc; oupp6ppc.>onc;•, OJL128, 23.5.91 
220 
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6i.ict.uwv, aAA6. anai t.e1 va unapxei uyi.!\c;; avt.avwviop6c; via 6Aouc; t.ouc;; 
aVt.aywvi.ot.i.icouc;; riapoxeic;; unnpcoi.w atn 6icnacp!\ pe: t.o ot.a0cp6 61ict.uo. 
H 6i.aoU-V6con t.wv icivnt.wv cniicoivwviw nptnci va civai ouve:nnc;; µc 
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np6o~aon ot.o ot.a0cp6 6inuo. oi 6poi ONP acpopoUv t.cxviictc;; ~ie:nacptc;;, 
t.i.poA6yi.a icai ouv0nKe:c;; napoxnc;; icai xpnonc;;. 
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unnpcoicc; 6ACJJV t.CJJV t.unwv ot.o ~a8µ6 nou ~aoi~oVt.al. oc xwpnt.i.ic6t.nt.a 
µio9wptvwv vpaµµw41. 
Mia onµavt.l.Kn Oiaocp6.Ai.on civai n anait.non 6t.i: 
•oi c8vixt~ xavoviot:ixt~ apxt~ nptnci va 6iaO<pOA1{ouv 6t:i oi 
t:n.Acnixoi v<UviaKoi opyaviopo1 Ba clvai npoon.A<Uptvoi o'tnv apxn 'tn~ 
ano~uyn~ 6iaxpioc<Uv 6t:av xpnoiponoio&Jv 'tO 6np6oio t:n.AcnixoJ.V(UVJ.aJC6 
61xt:uo yia va naptxouv unnpcoic~ nou na~xov-cai n cv6txc'taJ. va 
naptxov'tai an6 6.A.Aou~ napoxci~ unnpcoi~v. Ot:av oi 'tnAcrlixoivr.Jviaxoi 
opyaviopo1 xpnoiponoio&Jv pio8CJptvc~ ypappt~ yia 'tnv napoxn 
lTIUJp€OJ.~v nou 6cv xa.Aun'tOV'tOJ. an6 ci6ixd xai/n anoxAcio't.lKd 
6ixai~pa'ta, o 16io~ 'tuno~ pio8Ca>Jltvr.Jv ypapp~v nptnci va naptxct:ai oc 
dAA0&1~ xpnor.c~ pct:6 an6 al'tnon 'toll~ Kai pc 1oou~ 6pou~. • (Ap8po 
8( 2} ). 
Et.o Kl.Vnt.6 ne:pi.~6.AAov aut.6 onµaive:i 6t.i 6nou tvac;; cpoptac;; e:Kpe:t.6.AAe:uonc;; 
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vpaµµW'f nou Oiat.10e:vt.ai ot.nv e:vowµat.wptvn t.ou ic:ivnt.n cnixcipnon nptne:i va 
naptxovt.ai µe: ioouc;; 6pouc; µe: t.ic;; µio0wµtvcc; ypaµµtc; nou npoocptpoVt.al. oc 
6.AAouc; t.pit.ouc; nopoxe:ic; Kl.vn-r.c.Jv unnpcoic.Jv. To onµav-r.iic:a ot.oixcia t.ou 
K6ot.om;, t.ou xp6vou napa~oonc;; icai t.CJJV t.Unwv t.wv t.e:xviicW'f Oi.e:nacpcN 
ne:pi.Aaµ~avovt.01 6Aa o' aut.nv t.nv anait.non. 
H 06nvia 0£t.e:1 Kai µia vcou t.unou 6ia6iicaoia ouµ~i~aoµou, tt.oi, c.OOt.c 01 
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an6 napa~iaon t.wv Oiat.6~e:wv aUt.nc; t.nc; o6nviac;, e:i.6iic6t.e:pa 6oov acpop6. 
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ot.nv E9viKn Kavov1ot.1Kn Apxn t.ouc;; ica9Wc; e:nionc;; ic:ai ot.nv Eni.t.ponn. 
6) Aiat:6{ci~ t:n~ 06nyia~ ONP yia t:n qKJvn'tJ.Kn t:nA£qKJV1a 
H Koivn econ t.nc; oonviac; ONP via -r.n ~nt.iicn TnAe:cpwvia, nou avaµtve:-r.ai va 
H 06nyia ~ou iup~ouAiou 92/44/EOK onai~ci ~c~a~u 6A.Awv1 
xa~6pynon ~wv ~cxvixwv ncp1op1o~wv o~n 6iaouv6con ~~v pioewptvwv ypap~wv pc~a~u ~ou, n 
pc "to 6np6o10 61x~uo pc~aywyfl~. 
6npooiEvon ~wv nAn~op1wv via ~i~ npoocpopt, p10Bt.>11tvwv ypappwv. 
~ipoA6y1a xoo~oo"tpc~n xai avc~6p~n'ta an6 ~ov ~~no ~n, EftOppovn' y1a "tov onoio 
xpno1ponoi.ouVtai oi. ypappt~. 
evappov1optvn napoxn o' 6An 'tnv Koi.v6t.n"ta ev~ cl\6xiatov ovv6Aov p108wptvwv ypappwv, 
ovpncp1Aapjklvoptvwv avai\oyi~Wv ypappwv, ~al. 1f™P1Qltwv ypappwv 64 kbit/s xai 2 Mbit/s. 
221 
't£0ci 0£ l.OXU O'tl.~ apxcc; 'tOU 1995, unoxp£c.;w£i 't.0\1~ tOP£i~ £Kp£'t0AA£UOn~ 
'tWV o'ta0£,PWv 6inuwv va napcxouv np6o~aon o'tou~ topd~ £Kp£'t6AAcuon~ 
Kl.Vn'tC:W 6inuwv42 H 06nvia 6£V K6v£i 6i6Kpion µ£'ta~o 'tWV KUKhW}:lO'tWV 
6iaoUv6con~ nou xpnoiµonoioUv'tal. via 'tnv avtaAAavn Kivnon~ Kai 't<.tN 
KuKAwpa'twv 6iaoU'V6£on~ nou xpnoiµonoiol)vtai via 'tnv avtaA.Aavn nAnpo<popit:Jv 
onµa'to6ooiac;;, Kai 'ta 6uo KaAun'tov'tai an6 'tic;; 6ia'ta~cic;;. 
6.2 o µcAAovtiK6c;; p6Aoc;; t.nc;; ONP at.a Kl.Vnt.6 ouot.npat.a Kai 6icnacpt~ 
42 a) H c5.u:naq>n o-ca8cpov/Ki vn-cov 
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nAaioio via 6iaoUv6£on Kl. vn'tC.:W KQl. O'ta0£¢\1 61.K'tOWV. To KOpl.O 
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voµo0£oia, un6 t.nv V£Vl.Kn cnont.cia t.nc;; NRA (n onoio µnopci vo 
ncp1Aoµ~avc1 Ka0opioµ6 a priori anai'tnocwv). H NRA txci cnionc;; p6Ao ot.nv 
eniAuon ~ia~opc.Jv. 
Xpeial;e'taJ. VO ·c;£'t.aO"tOUV "tp£J.<;; ~eA't.J.00£1.<; 't.OU nA01.oiou aUt.oU Vl.a VO 
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• rio vo el;ao~aAiot.ci uyitu; av'tayW\/10µ6c;;, nptnci v' 
n£6io £~apµoync;; t.wv apxc.Jv ONP 6nc..x; Ko0opi~ovtai avo0cwpn0oUv 't.O 
O'tnV IlAaioiaKn 
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* 
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va xo1vono100V"ta1 o"tnv En1"tponrt via Onpooicuon o"tnv Enionpn Ecpnpcpi&a. 
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o"ta o"ta8cp6 6i:it"tua 6AAc.>v Kpo"twv-McAwv, aAA6 O"tnv ncpiD"twon a\Ttl\ &cv un6pxc1, olipEpa, 
unoxptwon va ixavono100V"ta1 "tt"to1cc; eoAovcc; ai"tl\oc1c;. 
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cpc.>vn'tunc; 'tnAccpc.>viac; pnopd va npoocpcp9£1 µ6vo pE Cnpia Ii x6"tw an6 ouv&taxcc; x60'touc; Dou 
"tEAouv ttw an6 ouvnen £),1Dop1K6 np6"tuna» xai. cva oxc616oc1 xoi.vcc; apxtc; "t1pWV np6o~acmc; oc 
O"t&vn ouvcpyaoia PE "tnV uynAOU En1n£6ou &Dl."tponl\ "tc.>V E8Vl.JtWV XQVOVl.O't1KWV cpoptc.>V». 
H 1to1vn 8ton "tnc; 06nviac; via "tn ~vn"tl.Jtn TnAEcpc.>Via avacptpcl. 6"t1 «av Ol. oupcpc.>ViEc; 
61aouv6&onc; Dcpitxouv ouyKEKpiµtvouc; 6pouc; ano~npiwonc; vi.a "tnv "tnAcn1xo1Vc.>v1axn opy6vwon, 
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xa80A1:itnc; unnpcoiac;, cn1~6AAOV"ta1 o"ta av"tio"toi.xa ptpn, "to1aU"to1 6po1 nptnci. va ~aoitoV"ta1 
£Di "tOU :it60"touc;, va Eivai a616Kp1"toi Kai nArtpwc; 611ta10Aoynptvo1 :ital. va Ecpapp6CoV"ta1 p6vo 
Jta"t6Dl.V oupcpc.>viac; "tOU £9Vl.XOU XQVOVlO"tl.XOU cpopta 6pt:>V"tac; oVpcpc.>Va ),lE "tO KOVO"tl.Jt6 ~1xa10». 
222 
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nou °'opoU'V 'tn 5iaouv5e:on • 
ria va t.ovc.JGoU'V t.a navcupwcvwo11c:6 ravnt.6 ~iKt.ua Kai unnpcoicc;, t.a 
Kpat.n -MtAn ea nptnei va 6pouv Kavoviot.J.Kooc; tpayp.ou~ nou un6pxouv 
via_t.n 5iaouvopiaKn 5iaoU'VOcon Kl.vn'tWv unnpcoiC:,V • 
ria va cv0appuv6ci n ncpiayc.Jyfl, ea nptm:i va anooacpnvioi:o\lv t.a 
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npot.Cl. voµcvnc; 06nviac; via t.nv ~n'tlKn TnAc,<.JVia ic:aJ. 
µovo oc c0viicouc; 01aicavov1oµouc; a6cio~'tnonc;. avi:iic:ciµevo t.n~ 
\1nOKCl. 't.OJ. onµcpa 
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via t.nv ONP (OOnvia 90/387/EOK). Et.n cp6on aut.n Ocv ec<.r.>peit.ai anapaii:.ni:.o 
va ic:a0icpw0oU'V ncpait.tpw c101Ktc; 06nyicc;: oc Koivot.J.K6 cninc6o, nou va 
a,opoUv aUt.tc;: 'tJ.c;: 5icn°'cc; Kai t.ouc;: oxci:.iicouc;: 6pouc; 5iao\lv6conc;:, 5o0tvtoc; 
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ic:at.OAAnAw'v 5iaOiic:aoiW'V cni.Auonc;: 5ia<pop<:N KOJ. cAtyxou. 
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oi:a Kp6i:n Mt.An 600 ic:aJ. µct.a~u KpO'tWv McAW'V yia 'tnv napoxn 6.Awv 'tc.JV 
unnpcoiC:W nou m:pi.Aaµ~6vovt.ai ot.o avtiic:ciµe:vo t.wv a6e:iC:,V c1qlE:t.6AAe:uonc; 
'nou ic:at.txouv. 
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nou avacptpovt.aJ. m.6 n6vw. 
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ouvo~i~ovt.ai nio n6vw, 6oov a<popa t.nv np6o~aon ot.o O'taecp6 6nµ6oio 
5iK'tUO. 
Oi Opaot.npi6t.n'tE:c; nou µnopo6v va npayµai:onoin0omr µtow u~t.Ol.CAJV 
5iaouv5tocwv nptnci va civai 6Ac~ cKcivc~ nou cni'tptnovtaJ. oll}:lq>wva µc t.nv 
223 
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OAAcc; KAciot.tc; op66e:c; xpnot.wv nou Acit.oupyoU'v ptow t.ou 6np6oiou ot.a9cpou 
6ilC'tuou. 
Oi apxtc; ONP t.nc; anotuvnc; 610Kpiocc.JV, t.nc; 6iot6ve:iac; :acai t.nc; io6t.nt.ac; 
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:acivnt.ou 61.lct.uou -napox£a unnpcoi<N. H oxton ea un6:accit.ai cnionc; ot.nv 
cfappoyn t.c.JV :acav6vwv avt.avwviopou t.nc; Koiv6t.nt.ac; •. 
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~ . ..,,appovn .Acnt.ope:ptot.e:pwv anai t.nocwv ONP. 
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unnpe:oi<N 
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nou naptxovt.ai µtow Kivnt.ou 61Kt.uou :acai unnpe:oi<Jv nou naptxovtai µtow 
ot.a9e:p<N 61.Kt.UWV. 
H avav:acaia ouvenKn via t.nv e:nit.e:u~n t.£t.oiac; :ac1vnt.1K6t.nt.ac;, e:ivai n np6o~aon 
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224 
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a) Dp6aJJaon au'° Aci toupyi.£<; IN toll otaBcpou 6.i.1CtaJ011 
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225 
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6pao"t.np16"tn"te:c;; oe: OAAouc;; t.oµe:ic; "tnl\.e;o1ico1vc.N1C:W rt oc QAAa Kpa"tn MtAll, pnopo\lv 
va 61ao"tpe:~AWoouv "tov avt.aywvioµ6. 
Acv ea optnci va e:q>opµ6~ovt.oi aicat.6hlmAoi m:piopioµoi, av 01 ncpiopioµoi 
aU"toi 6cv civai ai "tl.oAoynµtvoi, nx yia "tnv napcpn66ion "tnc;; cntic"taonc;; "tnc;; 
icupiapxiac;; µiac;; avopac;; oc ye:novl.lcn avop6 rt unnpcoia. Tt"t.0101 ncpiopioµoi 
o"tov ap1~µ6 "t.WV aJ."tOUv"tWV µnopouv va µci.Woouv "tnv an66oon icai va ocpiopioouv 
"ta a,tAn "twv ica"tavaAw"tC:W, nou ea npoticun"tav icavoviica an6 "tl.<; e:oaic6Aouec~ 
oiicovoµie:g ic6A\J1!1llc; icai KAiµoKoc;;, ica9Wc; icai "tnv cpnopiicrt cpncipia oe QA.Ac~ 
avoptc;;. 
Ooou o api0µ6c; 'tWV q>optwv cKµe:t.OhAe:uonc; ncpiopi~c'tal. an6 tva Kp6"toc; Mtl\.oc;, 'to 
cµn6610 au"t.6 civai tvac;; 6uvnt.i.K6c; ncp1op10µ6c; "tnc; cAcu0cpiac;; o"tnv napoxn 
uonpcoiC:W icai nptoci vo oi t.iol\.oye:i t.oi OUll<!?·WVa µe: "tnv EupwnalKn voµoecoia. 
I6iai"tcpa, onoioo6nnot.e: ne:p1opioµ6c;; "tou api0µou nptnci icavoviica va 
a1"t10Aove:i"ta1 µc ~6on e:it.e: "tic; ~001K£c;; ana1"tnoc1c;;, 6nwc; n ano6o"t1icn xpnon "tou 
t6oµa"toc;; ouxvo"tn"twv, icai/n T.1c;; anai"tnocic;; 6nµ6oiac;; uonpe:oiac;; µc "tn µopprt 
icavovioµC:W cµnopiou ica1 npcne:i va e:ivai ouvcnnc;; npoc;; "touc;; icav6vcc;; 
·av"tayc.Nioµou "tnc; Ko1v6"tn"tac;. 
K60c ocp1op10µ6c;; nptnci va "tnpe:i 'tnv apxn "tnc;; avaAov1ic6"tn"tac;;, cni~OAAoV"ta<; "tn 
228 
Aoon nou civai n A1y6t.e:po ne:p1opiot.11Cn ICOJ. va 6ivci npot.cpa16t.nta ot.nv 
avt.aywv iot.11Cfl napoxn. 
7. 2 Apxtc; y1a u.c; 61.00l.ICOOie:c; OOE:l.066t.non<; 
43 Oi 6ia6u:aoiE:<; a6e:ioMt.nonc; nptne:i va t.npow t.nv apxfl t.ou 61axwp10µ00 t.c.w 
1Cavov1ot.1xc.N A£1t.oupyiwv Kai t.<.N .Acit.oupyi<.N £1Cpct6llcuon<; nou txci 
ICa0icp.>&£1 ot.nv t.nAcm.1to1 VCJ\Tl.OKn noA.it.iICfl t.n<; EV<AlOnc;. 
ria va c;aoq>a.AH~ct.01 6t.i 01 6ia611Caoicc; a~io66t.nonc; civai avoi.xt.tc;, 
61aq>avcic; icai xwpic;; 61atcpioe:1c;43
1 t.a Kp6't.n MtA.n nptnci va µcp.iµvow C.OO'tc: 
• 
• 
• 
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av unapxci avt.11Cc1µcvitc6c; A6yoc;; 6iapoponoinonc; • 
6Aa t.a icpi. 't.npia a~10A.6ynonc;; va ci vai CIC t.wv npot.tpc.w yvwot.6 ot.ouc; 
ai t.oUvt. cc;;, 
va ica0opitovtaJ. .AoyiK6 xpoviic6 6pia Kai va c~apµ6t0Vt.a1 via 1C68c 
61a61Kaoia a6c1066t.nonc;, Kai 
va icaeopitovt.ai anot.e:.he:oµat.itctc;; Kai t.axcicc;; 61a6u:aoicc;; npoocpuyfic; via 
anot.ux6Vt.cc;; unoljfl~iouc;;. 
Em.n>.tov, t.a icpi.t.npia nou xpnoi.µonoi.o\N'tai. o' onoia6nnot.c 61061.lcaoia 
a6cio66't.nonc;; nptm.:i. e:nionc; va e:ivai. ouve:m'l pc t.nv Koi.vot.i.icr\ voµoeccia icai ea 
nptnci 161ait.cpa va e:~ao~a.hi~ouv O\Jllp6pcp<a>0n µc t.ic;; ~aoiicfc;; anait.nocic;; icai t.ic;; 
anait.nocic;; f>nµ6oiac; unnpcoiac;; µc t.n µoppr\ KavovioµC.:W cµnopiou. Xwpic;; tva 
t.tt.010 l1Aaioio, ea civai f>uotco.ho va cna.hnecuct.ai 6t.i 01 Q6cicc; 6cv 
xopnyfl0mcav µe: ~6on µn avt.1icc1µcviic6 icpi t.l'lpia, nou va o6nvow ot.nv 
npayµat.J.K6t.nt.a ot.n ouvtxion t.wv e:1611tC.:W 6l.1Ca1wµat.wv. 
ea nptnci Va unoµvnoeci 6t.l., ouµq>wva µe t.OV Kol. V0t.J.1C6 v6µo icaec,;x; ical. µc t.nv 
nAaJ.Ol.OlCl'l 06nyia t.WV Ynnpe:oiwv JCQJ. t.nv 06nyia nA.aioio ONP, Ol. ~QOJ.lCt~ 
anai -r.l'locic;; civai pn oi.Kovopi.Koi .A6voi vcviicou cv6iacptpoVt.oc;; nou µnope! va 
avavic6oouv tva icp6-r.oc;;-µtAoc;; va ncpiopioci t.nv np6o~aon oc 6iict.ua icai 
unnpcoicc;. OJ. anal. t.floe:ic;; 5nµ6oiac;; unnpe:oiac;; µc t.n µoppl'l icavoviopC.:W cµnopiou 
ea nptnci va ncpiopitovt.ai ot.nv 11oviµ6t.nt.a, f>iaecoip6t.nt.a icai noi.6t.nt.a t.nc;; 
unnpcoiac;. 
Kai ot.ic;; 6uo ncpint.Woe:ic;;, oi ncpiopioµoi aUt.oi nptnci va civai 
avt.J.K£J.µcvucoi, 5iacpaveic;; icai xwpic;; f>i.01Cpiocic;;. O api9p6c; t.c.JV a6ci.W\T 5cv 
µnope! cno11tvwc;; va ncpiopi~e:t.ai. 11c ~6on unoicci.µcv11tfl oiicovoµ11cl'l a~io.A6ynon, 
an6 t.o 6pyavo nou civai apµ65io via t.nv a6eio66t.non, t.ou api.0µoo ~<JV ~optCAJV 
cicµct.6AAcuonc;; nou µnope:i va o"tnpi~ci. µia ayopQ. 
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t.cxviicflc;; fl 01icovop11cflc; iicav6t.n"tac;; "t.WV ai t.ollvtwv va naptxouv µia unnpcoia pc 
01. pcAif'tC«; DOU 6u:t6yOV'tQl. Vl.O 'tnV Enl. 'tponn if6c1tav 6'tl. 01. 'tpifXOUO£C: 61a&1xaoi£c; a&c1066'tnonc; 
n'tav oc apxc'ttc; ncp1n'tc:>oc1c; tva~ x~pioc; ~paV}16c; o'tnv av6inutn 'twv x1vn'twv cn1xo1vwv1t:Jv. I&1a!'tc,PO 
cv61atptpov c!xc n 't6on oc ouyxcxpi.ptvouc; 'topcic; 'tnc; ayopdc; y1a av't6llatn a&c1066'tnon 'tWV 
TnAcnixo1vwv1axwv Opyaviopwv xai tcxwp1o'ttc; 61ooixaoicc; unoJoAI\c; npc>090,pQv y1a 6llcc; 4&cuc;, 
npdypa nou txci we; ano'ttAcopa 'tnv cvioxuon 'tnc; 6con6touoac; &tone; 'tOV '1'0 xa't6 'tp6no nov 8a pno­
,PC>l)oe va c!va1 aouvcm\c; npoc; 'to Ap8po 86. BAtnc ICPMG, kf6Aa10 5. 2 6nov n O.Au .. yn avo1xtc1Jv 
61001xao1wv a&c1066'tnonc;, 01 a~t~aicc; pif 806<>1 c1u6ixaonc;, n pn 6naptn xpov1x'1v opiwv xa1 -c.a 
ncp1op1opfva &ixaiwpa'ta 6oxnonc; npoocpu~c; avayvwpiatnxav we; jtaoutc; avnouxicc; "tnc; fhoiUlXav!ac;. 
ZZ1 
cnapicn noi6t.nt.a via 6An t.n xpoviKn ncpio6o t.nc; 66ciac;, µia vcviicn oiicovoµiicn 
a~ioA6vnon µnopci va vivci ano6c:nn µ6vo av civai ouvcnnc; µc onoico6nnot.c 
anait.nocic; 6nµ6oiac; unnpcoiac;; µe t.n µopcpn Kavovioµt:>v cpnopiou nou pnopci va 
cni~OAAovtai ot.ic;; xopnvouµcve:c;; 66e:1ec;. 
rcv1ic6, . ea np£nc1 va civai 01 6uv6µc1c;; t.nc;; avop6c;; icai 6xi 01 icavoviot.iictc;; 
apxtc;; cKcivec; nou e 1 anocpaoi~ouv t.ic;; µe:lloVT.iic£c;; 6op£c;; t.nc; avop6c;;, 
ccpapp6toVT.ac;; n6vt.ot.e: t.ouc;; icav6ve:c;; aVT.aywviopou t.nc;; Koiv6t.nt.ac;; icai t.ic;; 
ouvoAiictc;; 6iaocpaA1oe:ic;; nou nep1£xovt.a1 ot.n Euv8nicn. 
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6AAn µt0o6oc; nou µnopci va e:µcpaviot.ci -np£nci va cniAcvci icai va uAonoin0ei 
µe t.p6no nou va c~aocpaAitci 6t.i n t.cAiicn e:n1Aovn npoo<p£pci t.ic;; µ£y1ot.cc;; 
cyyunocic;; via t.nv nAnpn ouµµ6ppwon µc t.ic;; ~ao1ic£c;; ana1t.noc1c;; icai t.nv cnit.cu;n 
t.wv cr..6xwv nou t.10cvt.ai o • onoico5nnot.e: anai t.nocic;; 6np601ac;; unnpcoiac;; pc t.n 
µopcpn Kavovioµt:>v cµnopiou. E151ic6t.cpa, n p£0o6oc;; nou cniA£V£t.a1 ea np£nci va 
c~a0<paAitc1 .6t.1 oi xpnot.cc;; anoAaµ~6vouv tvav owot.6 icat.aµcpioµ6 ono1wv6nnot.c 
iccp&:Jv, c161ic6t.cpa an6 t.nv 6no~n xaµnA6t.cpou cnin£6ou t.iµoA6ynonc;. 
Mtoa ot.o nAaioio nou ica0opitet.ai nio n6vw, t.a Kp6t.n M£An nptnci va napaptvouv 
ve:viic6 £Ac00cpa v' anocpaoi~ouv via t.o noitc; ouyiccicpiptvcc;; 6ia61icaoicc;; 
a6cio66t.nonc; cnieuµoOv va uio0ct.noouv44• 
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6iaKp1t.iicn cuxtpeia an6 t.o Kp6t.oc;; M£Aoc;;, ntpa an6 t.nv e;aocp6A1on ouµµ6pcpwonc;; 
µe opioµ£va t.cxviic6 icai oiKovoµ1ic6 icpi t.npia. Mia t.£t.oia npoo£yy1on civai 
ouvcnnc;; pc t.n <pl.Aooocpia avoixt.nc;; avop6c;; t.nc;; eoWT.e:piicnc;; ayop6c;;, aAA6 cpaivct.ai 
va t.aipi6tc1 icupiwc; via ouot.nµat.a p1icp6t.cpnc; KAiµaKa<;; 6nwc; oi PMR. 
O ouyKpJ. "CJ.K6~ nAcio6ouK6~ 6iayCJviop6~ n "n eni6e1;n ic6AAouc;;" ci vai n nio 
ouvn0w<; Xpno1µono1oup£Vn µ£6060<;; Vl.Q T.n xopnvnon a6Cl.Wv Kl.vnt.Wv £nl.lCOl.Vc...JViWv 
ot.nv Evwon. Et.nv icaAut.epn t.nc;; µop<pn, 1icavono1ci nollouc; ot.6xouc;; t.nc;; noA1t.1icnc; 
t.nc;; Evwonc;; µe t.o va cm. t.pcm:i ct.a Kp6t.n M£An va cn1Atvouv ciceivouc;; t.ouc; 
cpopcic;; cicµct.6AAeuonc;; nou µnopouv va nAnpoOv µc t.n µevaAUt.cpn eni t.uxia t.ov 
avt.iicciµeviic6 oicon6 t.wv ~aoiKc.Jv anai t.nocwv 6nc..x; ano6ot.iicn xpnon ouxvot.nt.wv, 
icai onoico6nnot.c anait.noeic;; 5nµ6oiac; unnpcoiac; µe t.n µopcpn icavovioµC:W 
cµnopiou 6nwc; no16t.nt.a unnpeoiac; icai 61a8co1µ6t.nt.a, va 1icavono100v T.l.<;; 
av6yiccc; t.wv icat.avaAwt.c.Jv icai va nap£xouv µia cmcpnat.n unnpcoia ot.ouc; 
lCQ'tQVaAWT.£<;;. 
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cnit.p£nouv ot.nv avopa va e:n1At~c1 noitc; unnpcoiec;; icai t.cxvoAovicc;; ea 
c;aocpaAioouv noAut.iµouc;; Kai ncp1op10µ£vouc;; n6pouc;; ouxvot.nt.wv. Evcpvo0v cnionc;; 
c..x; Kivnt.po via t.n xpnon t.OU cpaoµat.oc; 600 t.O Ouvat.6 ano6ot.iK6t.cpa via va 
µcviot.onoicit.ai n avt.an65oon t.nc;; cn£v6uor;~ nou avt.i.npoowncuei t.o ~6 
aVT.it.ipo t.ou nAciot.npiaoµou. T£Aoc;;, o nA£iot.np1aoµ6c; aipei t.n 61aicp1t.1icn 
01 p£At't£~ nou 61c~6yovta1 via 'tnv Eni'tpoun 6cixvovv onpavtixn an6xA1on cnnv npootvvion 
aoe:1o66"tncnc;: 1:1vn'twv vnnpt:oiwv :µtoo o-cnv Ko1v6-cn-ca 1:01 o' oA6:icAnpo 'tov x6opo. 01 npooeyy!oe:1~ 
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pn ap910Jnu\01pE~ xa1 p1xp6~ x>.ipoxo~ a6c106o"tnoc1~ nx 161w"t1xtc;: xivn"tt~ pa61ocu1xo1vwvicc;: ), 
ovv-;pi.·ux~v nAc106o"t11:wv 61avwvioµwv ( • £nl.6£1~£l.c;: 1:dAAouc;: ·, 1:uptwc;: xpno111ono10\l':µcvn o' 6An 'tnv 
Ko1v6'tn'ta), nAe1cnnp1aopwv (txei xpno1:µono1n8ei £K't6~ Ko1v6'tn'ta~ xa1 yia ~o GSM cnnv EAA66a) xa1 
xAnpW<Jcwv (xpno1~ono1ci~o uC1Aa16't£pa via ~n 8ton 01: Aci~oupyia avC1Aoy11:C:W JCl.Yn'tQV unnp£01wv cn1~ 
HDA). BAlne KPllO Study, Coopers & Lybrand xa.i Eutel:i.a. 
228 
cuxtpcia t.ou Kp6t.ou~ MtAouc;; Kai ouxv6 J.KavonoJ.ci t.ouc; avt.iic:ciµcviicouc; ot.6xouc; 
t.nc;; cevi1tnc;; no.hit.iic:n~ 6oov a<popa t.n µcyiot.onoinon t.wv co66w\.r. 
Ev t.oUT.oic;;, 01 µe:Atu:c;; nou txouv yive:i via t.nv Enit.ponfl icai OAAa ox6Aia 
ciccppatouv oo~aptc;; ~cpi!'o.hic<; 6oov acpop6 t.nv a~iom.ot.ia t.wv I1Aciot.npiaopc.N .. 
tutnt.itt.ai T.O 6t.i oi nAciot.npiaoµoi µnopoll'v va o6nyfloouv oc pct.acpoptc; 
uncp~oAi.itc.Jv no<JWv ot.o Onµ6oio npoOnoAovioµ6 fl via CAAouc; oiconouc; cc ~°"°c; 
xapn.Aot.tp<aJV t.iµo.hoyiwv via t.ov xpflOT.n Kai 6t.i pnopoll'v va cuvonoouv cpopcic; nou 
avnKouv ot.o Onµ6oio oi onoioi µnopci va cn~cAn9o'Ov an6 cp9nv6t.cpn niot.won icai 
va un6xc1VT.a1 oc .hiy6t.cpo auot.npouc;; pueµouc; aVT.an66oonc; an6 t.ouc; avt.avwviot.tc;; 
T.OU l.6l.(.iJ'tl.KOU t.oµta. 
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t.ai 6t.i o I1Ac1066t.nc;; 6coµcuct.ai ca~ ot.nv napoxl'l icivnt.c.N cniitoivwvic.N. 
H Enit.ponn 6cv cKcptpci o' aut.6 t.o ot.6610 anoqm via t.a nAcove:Kt.nµa~a t.ou cv6c;; 
fl t.ou QAAou an6 t.a ouot.nµm.a aut.6, aA.A.6 etua T.o etµa cc outfit.non. Ev 
t.o&toic;, OT.nv m:pinT.won t.wv KAnpWoe:<N µia µt0o6oc; nou 6cv txci 
xpnoiµonoin8&1 cupt~ o"tnv Evwon -n Eni t.ponn Ocv niot.cuci 6t.i npoocptpouv 
anoT.E:A£oµaT.ixtc; cyvl.n'loE:l.<;; 6oov acpopa t.nv anoOot.iicn xpflon t.ou cpaoµat.oc;, t.nv 
t.CXVl.ltfl l.1COV6t.nT.a Kal. t.O Ol.KOVOµJ.K6 av6ot.nµa t.0\1 cnl.T.UX6VT.oc;. 
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a61ica10A6ynt.c.N cppayµc.Jv ot.nv av6nt.u~n t.WV unnpcoic.Jv icivnt."'7 cn11toivwv1"'7. 
l'!t.oixe:io KAci6i o' aUT.6 civai n 6pon t.cxvnt.c.N ncpiopiopc.Jv ot.ov npoo6iopioµ6 
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cpopcic;; ctµct.6AAcuonc;; oi:aee:pc.Jv n lCl. vnt.c.Jv Oiict.uwv fl t.nv al.Tt.6µat.n xopflynon µiac; 
t.OUAOxl.O'tOV 60cia<; Ot.OV 6nµ6oio cpopta f;_lCµ£t.QAA£UOn<;; Vl.O ic60e: ravnt.fl 
t.cxvoAoyia xwpic; ic.aµia 6ia6J.Kaoia cni6iitaonc;;45• 
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t.wv Kpat.w Mf:A<N T.nc; Evwonc; Kai t.ic;; e:m.xcipnoe:ic; nou e:AtyxoVT.al. an6 unnic6ouc; 
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xwpic; biaxpiocic; Kal. 61.aq>OVWv 61061.KQOJ.~V. 
8. IJANEYPQENCEIKH EKMETAJ\J\EYEH 
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e:9Vl.KWv 01.Kt.UWV. Ae:v un6pxouv vvnol.Ol. 6l.£Upc.llla1Koi q>opcic; £K}.l£t.6AAe:uonc; 
ic:i vnt.r.W Oiict.ocuv fl napoxci<; Kl. vnt.<Jv unnpcoi<Jv pc t.ic; t.ptxouocc; a6cio6ot.iic:tc; 
icai ic.avov1ot.iic£c;; Ooµtc; oT.nv Evwon. 
BMnc KPMG, ICC~Ql.O 5. 2. 
8.1 navcuptA>evwoiKn napoxn unnpcoiC:W 
46 To 6iK't'.uo GSM avr.1npoowne:ue:1 t.nv npWt.n '!'ll<pl.OKn navcupc.ixlalicn uno6oµfl icai 
unoot.npitct.ai. an6 noA.Atc; e:µnopiic:tc; icai t.cxviictc; ouµcpwvicc; ncpiaywyflc;; oi 
onoicc; ea cnit.ptnouv ot.ouc; ouv6poµnt.tc; va Aappavouv unnpcoicc; GSM ptow ~ 
6iict.owv GSM t~w an6 t.n xc.Jpa ouv6popnc; t.ouc;. 
Ev~ n noAit.iic:n t.nc; Evwonc; unoot.npitci tvecppa t.ic; npc.JtopouAicc; t.nc; 
~iopnxaviac; via t.nv npo~enon t.nc; 61aouvop10Kn<;; ncpiayc.JVl\c;;, n ouµcp6pnon nou 
6npioupvcit.ai an6 t.nv t.p£xouoa e:evu:n a6ci.o66t.non icivnt."'1 6i.ict.owv pnopci v' 
avt.ipct.wm.ot.ci pc t.nv 6pon t.wv ne:piopiopc.N ot.ouc; napoxcic; Kl. vnt."'1 unnpcoi.C:W. 
Oi napoxcic; ic:ivnt."'1 unnpe:oiwv nou txouv cvicaei6pueci o' tva Kpat.oc; MtAoc; ea 
np£nci va civai oc eton va cyKa9iot.avt.ai icai/n va npoocptpouv unnpcoicc; o' 6Ao 
t.o t6acpoc; t.nc; Evwonc;. 
ri.a va cnit.cuxee:i aut.6, ic:ai oe: ouvtne:ia pc 'tl.<;; 61at.6~c1c; t.ou Apepou 59 t.nc; 
Euv0nicnc;, icaec anal.'touµe:vn e:ev1icn 6nAwon nou vivct.al. an6 'tOV napoxta 
unnpc~iw ot.o Kp6t.oc; npo£Ae::uonc; t.ou ea nptnei va un6iccit.a1 oe: nArtpn aµoi~aia 
avayvWf)ion o' 6Aa t.a Kpat.n M£An. EnillAtov, epnopiictc;; oxtocic; nou txouv 
ouvacpee:i µct.a~u napox£wv unnpe:oit:>v icai cpoptwv £Kµe:t.6A.Acuonc;; ic:ivnt."'1 6iic:t.uc..JV 
o' tva Kpat.oc; ea nptne::i v' avayvwpi~ovt.ai nAnpwc; o' 6Aa 'ta 6AAa Kpat.n MtAn 
nou KaAUnt.ovr.a1 an6 t.ic; ouµcpwvie:c;; aut.£c; ic:ai va µnv xpnoiponoioll'Vtai we; ~aon 
ncpiopioµou 'tc..JV 6paot.npiot.nt.wv. 
I6iait.cpa, n napoxn unnpe:oit:>v ot.n ~6on ouµcpwv1'1v nepiavc.JVl\c; 6cv ea nptne:i va 
un6ic:ci t.ai o' onoiov6nnot.e: ne:p1op10µ6 n onoia6nnot.e: cnipapuvon n ioo~ll'vaµa 
ptt.pa nou 6cv oxct.i~ovt.ai µe:: t.o npavµat.iic:6 ic:6ot.oc; napoxnc; aU"tnc; ic:a0' caU'tn<;; 
t.nc;; cuicoAiac; ncpiavwvnc;, ave:~6pt.nt.a av t.a µft.pa aU'ta cniPOA.Aovr.ai cit.c we; 
ouvtnci.a ic:avoviot.iic:nc; e:v£pve:iac; cit.£ 6AAnc;; npa;nc;. 
H apxn t.nc; aµoi~aiac; avayvWf)ionc;, nou ica81c¢0nice ~aoci -r.ou Ap8pou 59 t.nc; 
Euvenic:nc;;, ea np£ne1 va e::cpapµ6~e::t.ai, anouoia cvapµovioµtvwv 6pwv a6e:iac;; oc 
Eupwcvwoiic6 e:ninc6o, 6nou e::ivai npaict.iic6 6uvat.6. B6oc1 t.nc;; cAcuecpiac; napoxnc;; 
unnpcoiw ot.nv Koi v6t.nt.a, µia ye::v1Kn apxn aµoi~aiac; avayve,;,pi.onc;; a6ciw icai 
Ql..Awv icavov1ot.1K'1v µ£t.pwv µe: t.a onoia naptxovr.a1 unnpeoicc; o' tva Kp6t.oc;; 
MtAoc;; icaeicpWenKe: µ£ow voµoAoviac; t.ou ~l.Kaot.npiou, we; µtoo µciwonc;; t.wv 
ncp1op10µ'1v ot.o £A6xiot.o Kai, l.61ai t.e:pa, anoAoi.cpnc; t.nc;; ncpi. t. t.n~ e:nav6An'!'llc; 
t.wv Kavov1ot.l.KWv 61ao<poAioe:wv ot.nv napoxn navcupwnalK'1v unnpcoi.w~6• M' aU't6v 
t.ov t.p6no anocpe:\Jye::t.ai, anouoia e::vapµovioµ£vwv 6pwv a6ciac;; oc Eupwcvwoiic6 
eninc6o, t.o va anait.o\Jvt.ai ncpait.£pw 66e:icc;; Kai Ql..Aa 6101icnt.i.ic6 µtt.pa oc 6AAa 
Kpat.n-MtAn. H µova61Kn e:~aipe:on e::ivai 6nou t.£t.01cc; 66cicc;; pnopoll'v va 
6l.KQl.OAOyn9oUv Ot.n ~6on µn 6J.aKpl.t.l.KWv anal.'tn0£WV Vl.O 'tO 6nµ6ol.O ouµcp£pov lCQl. 
'tC'tOl.a ouµcp£povt.a 6cv npoot.at.e::uovt.al. n6n an6 icav6vcc;; Ot.O Ol.Kcio Kp6t.oc;-M£Aoc; 
t.ou cpopta cic:µe::t.6AAe::uonc;. T£t.oia npootvvion civai ouvcnnc; µc t.nv 6pon c161ic'1v 
61icai.wµat.wv ot.ov t.oµta, Kae' 6t.i m:pi.opitc1 t.n 610Kp1 'tl.Kn cux£pe::1a Kpat.ouc; 
MtAouc; oc 6, 'tl. acpop6 t.ouc; <popcic; nou txouv n6n a6ei.o6ot.n8c1 oe:: QA.Ao Kp6t.n 
M£An. 
Oot.600, 6nou un6pxouv v6µiµe::c; t.cxv1K£c; ~aoc1c; nou µc t.ov t.p6no nou t.10cvr.ai. 
ncp1opi~ouv t.ov api.9µ6 t.wv xopnvouµcvwv a6c1'1v, n apxn t.nc; nArtpouc; aµo1~aiac; 
avayv<Jpi.onc; Oe:v µnope:! nAcov va e:cpapµ6~e:t.ai. nArtpwc;. 
BAtnE EppnVEUL1Kn AVOKO!Vwan LO~ ED1Lponn~ 93/C334/03 y1a ~nv CACU9cpn 61aovvop1aitn 61aitivnon LWV 
vnnpco1wv, OJ C334/03, 9. 12.93 
230 
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H Enuponl'l txe:i npoi:dve:i 6uo o5nvie:<;; via i:nv aµoi.f3aia av~ion a5e:it:N ic:ai 
c0vu:w c~ouoi.oooi:noe:<N oi:ov i:oµta t.Ca>V i:nAcniic:oiVc.JVit:N ic:ai ouyic:e:ic:piµtva cn.ov 
t.oµta t.w 6opucpopiicWv e:nu:oi v<Nit:N. To npoi:ci v6µcvo aut.6 oxl'lµa anoic:Acici 
onpcpa t.i<;; 1ci. vnt.£<; eni.icoi vCa>Vie:c;; ( e:ic:t.6<; an6 t.ic; xi vnt.t<;; cniic:oi. vwic<;; 
6~ucpopl.lc:nc;; f36onc;) icai oe: 1<60e: ncpimtt>ah, ic:aeiot.6 t.nv aµoif3aia av~i~m 
unoic:cipcvn ot.n 6iaecoiµ6i:m:a ouxvoi:l'lt.<N. 
8.3 Apoi~afa avayvQp-i.on a6ciwv nou xopn'(rtenxav f36oci ·i:nc; ocipQ<;; aft.none; 
H apxn t.n<; aµoif3aia~ avay%>pionc;; e:evut:N a6cicj\r apop6, i6iaf t.c&XJ, cic:dvcc;; t.ic;; 
-ncpi-nt.ft>ocic;; 6nou oi. 66cicc;; xopnynemcav f36oci. t.hc;; . ocipac; aft.none;;, µc t.nv 
cn.i<puAa~n t.nc;; 61a8coiµ6t.m:.ac;; r_w anai t.ouptvwv n6pcJV an6 nAcup6c;; ouxvot.r'lt.Ca>V. 
A\1t.6 ea nptm;i v' 0<pop6, i6iai t.e:pa, unnpcoicc; Kl. vm:t:Jv cnu:oi vwiw 
oopuq>opiicl'l<;; f36on<;;, 6nwc; 6iat.unWv£'tQl. ot.nv np6t.aon 06nyia<;; yia t.nv aµoif3a{a 
avayv'1pi.on 06e:16.>v 6opuepopiict.Jv unnpe:oi<.:>v47 
H apxfl aut.n µnope:i enionc;; va e:cpapµoot.e:i oc t.onl.lc6 n ncpiq>cpci.aic:6 ouot.nµat.a, 
ouvn8<a>c; ouot.nµat.a PAMR Kai PMR, nou ic:aAmrtouv nx napaµc06picc;; ncpioxtc;; 6nou 
t.a ouot.l\µat.o nou t.i0cv"tcu. oe: e:ic:µc"t6hl\.e:udn an6 enixcipnoci<;; Ta~i n ct.aipicc;; 
µet.opopW\7, µnopoU'v C'tol. va xphoiµonoin0oU'v ic:ai an6 t.ic;; 600 nAcuptc; 'tfAJV 
ouv6p&N. 
Eni.n¢a·ec'to, "t:o ne6io c<papµoync;; cv6c;; t.tt.oiou ouot.nµat.oc;; aµoif3aiac;; avayvc;,pi,:onc; 
ea nptm:i. va civai apKe:"t6 cupu wot.e: va e~aa<paAil;e:i 6t.i., oc ·ncpi.nt.ooei.c;; at.ic;; 
onoic~ "i.6J.<Jti.ic:tc;;" ot.a0cp£c;; ~e:o~ci.c;;, nope:x6pe:vcc;; cit.c an6 t.o cpopta 
c1q1c"t6AAcuonc;; e:it.c an6 t.pit.ov e:n' ov6µat.1 t.ou, anot.e:Ao0v t.n onov6uAi.:acn ot.l\An 
tct.ol.<N ouot.np6t.Ca>V PAMR n PMR, nap6µoio 6iic:aiwµa ·cv:aca016puonc;; ot.aecpc.N 
~c\);ewv cncic:t.e:ivc'tal. cnionc; 1rni oe: 6hl\.a Kpat.n -MtJm. 
8. 4 Avoix'tt~ 6ia6.ucaaic~ 6nou 01 api0µoi t.c..JV a6c1C.:W civa1 ncp1opioptvoi 
Onou, 6pwc;, A.6yw ~ia0e:oiµ6t.nt.ac;; cpooµat.oc;, ta Kpat.n MtAn aKoAou0oU'v 6ia6l.Ka­
oic<; al>eio66t.nonc; ~aoioµtvcc; me cc ouyKpl. t.i.1t6 r1Acio6ot.i:ac6 6iay<Ni.op6, n apxfl 
a.µoi~aio~ avayvWpi.onc; 6e:v ·µnope:i va e:<pappocnei nAnpwc;. Ee t.tt.oie:c; ncint.oocic;, 
oi c·&vl.Kt~ 6ia6i.1'c:aoicc;; a5ti.o66t.nonc;; ea nptnci., nap' 6A.a aui:.6, va c;aocpaAi~ouv 
6t.i ai t.noci.~ a6e10~6t.non<; an6 \innx:6ouc;;, fl £'taipicc; e:Ae:yx6µevcc; an6 unnic6ouc;, 
Kpauw ..... McAcbv n t~u EOX civai 6uvau~c; xoopi·c; f>iaic:piae:i.~. 
a. s EUvt.ovi:optV!l l<:o1 vot.iien aOE:1006t.non 
47 Ta 6p8pa 3(n) 1<:ai 128(b) t.n~ Euv0n1mc;; EK a\l'ciyvc.lpitouv CJc; Ot.dXo t.h<; !COJ.V6'tnt.ac; 
t.nv cv8app\ivon tnc;; Onµi.oupyiac; ~ie:u~abW\T ~inor.aw. o ot.6xoc; aui:.6c;, nou 
cl.oflx0n t...x;: · anot.tAl~oµa tnc; Euvetumc; vi.a t.nv E\7P\ADaltcfl EVtt.>on, e:ivai £~ 
oAo:KMpou owcrtfic; µe t.nv no.hi t.iicfi t.n~ Koiv6t.nt.ac; nou xpovoAoye:it.ai an6 t.nv 
npaol.vn Bi~Ao tou 1987 vi.a t.nv npot:>0non t.cJ\' navcupc.i.naticc.Jv ~itct.1Xt.w ic:ai unnpe:-
01~. 
\ 
rl.a Va CVOn01.nSOUv ta nAtoVE:JCt.nµat.a nou fXOuV onµe:pa Ol. ICJ.Vnt.£<; Cnl.lCOl.Vc.aJViC<; 
1ea1 va evisxu0e:i n navcupt.>naYKn e:ot.iaon ot.n'v d;tAi;n npoc; fva m:pi.j36AAQv 
. fipchaon v1a C>enyio . 'tou Eupwitoi.vo~oul\lou. icoi _ 'tOU tup~o\JAiou via ttoAi.uitn ape>1~foc; avayvt:>p1on~ 
a&e1Qv Ital.. 6AAf.>v t:evut:>v £~ouo106oi:nocc-.>v Vl.O 'tD.V ttapox6 &1.xt\1CUQV ~opU~OpUQV . \111np£01.W ltal./ti 
\1D~Ol.f»\t 6opucpopixwv ttnucoi.vwvi.Qv, COM(93)6S2t 4. 1. 94 -npoc; &npooie:uon. H n~n1v6pcvn 06nyia 8a eq>app6Ceta1 cttionc: itai oc hvndc; 6opufopidc; unn.p1:oiec;. 
231 
... npoo<A>tu.ic<N e:m.icoivwvi<N, ea nptne:i v' avam:uxeci p.ia vta npootvvion oc 
Koi vou.K6 cnine:6o. H npootyyion aut.o ea nptnci va cni 't.ptne:i, oe: ouyiccicpip.tvc~ 
m:pint.C.OOci~, via p.e:llovt.iictc; t.e:xvo.Aovic~ Kai unnpcoicc; va c~d.ioooVt.al. ot.n 
~6on p.ova6iic<N "ne:ipaµat.1Jcwv a5e:iW'1 cicp.ct.6.AAe:uonc;" nou va Ka.Amnouv Kai t.nv 
e:Kp.e:t.OAAcuon t.ou 5iict.uou Kai t.nv icat.axt:>pnon ouxvot.ot.c.w, oi onoic~ ea 
· cK616oVt.al. 11c ouvt.ovioµtvo t.p6no µe:t.a~u Kpa't<N -McAW'1 icai/o oe: Koi vo'tl.K6 
e:ninc6o. Onoio6onot.e: t.ft.oio ne:ipa11at.iic6 olio't.np.a a5e:io66'tnonc; ea nptne:i va 
.Aap.~avci oo~ap6 un' · 6'!fn t.a ouµcptpovt.a t.wv Kpat.W'1 Me:A<N ic:ai 't.WV ucpiot.ap.tvwv 
cpoptwv CKP,C'taAAe:uonc; nou e:ivai ica'toxoi 66ciac;. 
I6iait.cpa, icai o\)pcpwva µc 'to ~ocp1011a-t.ou Eup.~ouAiou t.n<; 7nc; ~cicc11~piou 1993 
via 'tnv cioavwvn npoowruicW'1 cm.Kol. vwvi<N 6opucpopl.lcoc; ~aonc; o't.nv Eupc.r1aiico 
Koiv6'tn'ta, 66cie:c; via "ttt.oia ouo'tOlla't.a npoO<Altll.KWv cniicoivwvi<N 6opucpopl.KO~ 
~aon~ ea nptne:i va xopnvoliv't.al. o' aU't.o t.n ~aon. 
Mia QA.An ne:pin'twon ea np€ne:i va e:ivai. n a5cio66'tnon ouot.n11a'twv UMTS 3nc; 
re:viac;. A6e:io66'tnon 't€'to1wv ouot.nµat.wv oe: nave:upwnalico ~6on ea e:vioxue: 
on11avtiic6 t.nv Eupwnalico opµn npoc; t.nv av6nt.u~n t.wv ouot.n116t.wv aut.W'1. 
8.6 Apoi~aia avayvc;,pion cvicpioe:wv t.linou 
48 
49 H apxo 't.n<; aµoi~aiac; avayvWf)ionc; e:yicpioe:wv t.linou via icivnt.6 t.e:p11at.iic6 
c~onAiop.6 txci o6n cvowµat.wee:i o"tnv Koivo't.iico voµoee:oia, µtoa ot.o nAaioio t.nc; 
06nviac; 91/263/EOK48, n onoia Kaei€pwoe: t.ov µnxavioµ6 aµoi~aiac; avayvt:>pionc; 
cvicpiocwv t.linou t.e:pµa't1Kou e:;on.Aioµoo ~6oci Koiv<N TcxviicW'1 Kavoviop.<N 
(CTRs). 
Et.nv np6~n, av unapxouv CTR, e:ivai unoxpcwt.iicoi. Evt.oli't.oic;, 6nou oi CTR 6cv 
CXOUV OUµq>WVnee:i aK6µn Ka.L 6nou ea pnopolioav VQ npoo6l.Opl.Ot.0Uv tva 0 
ne:pioo6't.cpa cvapµovioµtva np6t.una ~aoioµtva oc tva EupwnalK6 TnAcniicoivwv101C6 
Ilp6t.uno ( ETS) o tva o ne:p1.006t.e:pa ETS ( oe: npoowpi vo ~6on cicicpc11ouonc; t.n<; 
uioet't.nonc; cv6c; CTR), nou ea Ka.Aunt.ouv t.ouA6xiot.ov t.l.<; ~aoiictc; anai't.oocic; nou 
txouv t.c0ci ot.o Ap9po 4 t.nc; 05nyiac; 91/263/EOK, tva t.tt.oio ETS ea µnopolioe: va 
xpnoip.onoinee:i via t.nv ano'tiµnon t.nc; ouµµ6pcpwonc; npoc; t.l.<; ~aoiic:tc; anait.ooe:ic;. 
Ev't.oli't.oic; aut.o n ano'tiµnon (cvicpion t.linou) nptnci va cict.c.Ae:it.ai aico.Aouec:rvtac; 
tvav an6 t.ouc; 6p6µouc; nou txouv Kaeie:pwee:i ot.nv 06nvia aU't.o Cvia nap66e:iyµa, 
c~tt.aon 't.linou EC icai ~o.Awon ouµµ6p<pwen<; an6 t.ov icat.aoKe:uaot.o). 
ria va 61.CUKOAUVee:i n 6pon e:µno6iwv ot.nv e:Ae:uee:pn KUKAocpopia t.e:pµat.l.lCOU Kal. 
6iict.uaicoli c~on.Aioµou, e:Me:i1!1e:l. t.wv CTR, n ica9itpwon 61a6iicaoiC:W npoOCA>pivnc; 
tyicpionc; t.unou, oe: npoowpi.vn ~6on, ct.a nAaioia t.nc; Eup<Jialicnc; Enit.pon~c; 
Pa6iocniicoivwviC:W (ERC), €xovt.ac; un6\illl t.i<; unoxpe:C:X,cic; nou anopptouv an6 t.o 
6pepo 30 t.n<; Euv9nKn<;, ea npcne:i va e:.Ae:yxct.ai, C:X,t.e: va 6ie:uico.Alive:t.ai nAn~ n 
aµoi~aia avayvWf)ion e:ni t.n ~6oe:1 t.n<; ouµµ6pcpwonc; npoc; t.ic; ~aoiictc; anai'toocic;. 
Aut.6 ea nptne:i va vive:t.ai ouµq>wva µe: t.ic; 6ia6l.lcaoie:c; nou npo~.AtnoVt.al. ot.nv 
06nvia icai t.i<; apxtc; t.ou ~ncpioµat.oc; t.ou Euµ~ou.Aiou via t.n vta npootyyion ot.nv 
t.e:xviico cvapµ6vion Kai t.a np6t.una Kai t.nv avOKoivwon via t.nv navic6oµia 
npootvvion ot.nv niot.onoinon icai t.ic; 6oiciµtc;.49 
06nvia ~ou Zup~ouAiou 91/263/EOK Ln~ 29nc; AnpiAiou 1991 via Lnv npootvvion ~wv vopoecoiwv ~wv 
Kpcnwv- McAWv ~WV OXCL1KWV pc ~ov LCpp0L1K6 c~onAiop6 Lnh£D1K01VWV1WV ncp1Aap~avoptvnc; KQl. ~n~ 
apoi~aia~ avayvwpionc; Lnc; n10L6LnLac;, OJ Ll28/l, 23.05.91 6nwc; Lponono168nxc an6 Lnv 06nvia LOU 
Zup~ouAiou 93/97/EOK Lnc; 29n~ OKLW~p!ou 1993 DOU oupnAnP:,vc1 LnV 06nvia 91/263/EOK an6 LDV 6noyn 
E~onA1opo~ EDiVEl.WV 6opucpop1Kwv 0L08pwv, OJ L290/l, 24.11.93. 
W6cp1opa Zup~ouA!ou 85/Cl36/01 Lnc; 7nc; Malou 1985, OJ C316/l, 4.6.85 1ta1 Avaxo!vwon 
LD~ Enl.~pom\~ Vl.O ~nv Day1t60~1a Ilpoo£yy1on OLDV Il10LODOinon KQl. L1~ ~Kl.pf<; Lnc; 15n~ 
Iouviov 1989, COM(89) 209, OJ C267/3, 19.10.89. 
232 
9 API9MOAOTHEH 
Eict.6c; an6 t.l.<;; pa6ioouxv6t.nt.e:c;;, n np6oj)aon oc api&µouc;; icai n cicx~non t.ouc;; 
dvai tvac;; 6&Ut.cpoc;; .13aou:6c; n6poc; via t.ouc;; q><>pcic; citpct.OA.Ae:uonc;; uvnt.~ 
6J.Kt.Uc.JV, t.ouc; napoxeic;; unnpE:oiW'l icai t.ouc; ncMt.cc;. H onµaoia t.ou n6pou aUt.ou 
icai n 6uvat.6t.nt.6 t.ou va m:piopioci n va 6iaot.pc~AQoCl. t.ov avtaywvioµ6 µe tva 
t.p6no avti.8e:T.o npoc;; t.ouc;; xav6ve:c;; avt.OV<Nl.Opou t.nc;; Euv8fumc;;, "Sa au~avet.al. 600 
n tnt.non via api.0po66t.non vivE:t.ai ncpiao6t.cpo tvtovn icai 600 oi unnpeoicc; 
c~e:Aiooovtal. .npoc;; t.O n&pl.~CAAOV 't.<.JV npooo.rtl.KW £nl.KOl.VWV'l.W. Eivai t<.Jt.l.lCJ:\<;; 
onµaoiac;;, va cnit.uyxave:t..ai 6iic:ain np6o~n oe: api0µouc; r;:ai 6nou civai t.cxvir;:a 
6uvaT.6, o.i m::Mit.e:c; va µnopow va naipvouv t.ouc;; apie.pouc;; p.ati t.ouc;; icaec:x; 
aAAat.ouv cpopcic;; e:r;:µet.Ohl.cuonc; icai nap0xcic;; unnpcoi<.N. 
9. l H ptxpi Ol\pcpa KOl.VO"t.l.lCO nOAl.t.U'.O 
Mtxpi .onpcpa. 01 :6iaKavovioµoi .api6µo66t.nonc;; napaµtvouv o:tnv apµo6i6t.n-t.a t.<.N 
Kpat.w McAWv µ£oa oi:o o:uvo1'.ix6 n.Aaicio T.""7 61c6vC:W npot.Un<.tN 1tai t.c.JV 
CKX<.JPOOCCAN ncpi'P£P£l.Cll<Wv Kw61.KWv acai Kw6l.KW xwp<N nou txe:i icaeiepw0e:i OT.OU<;; 
K6A.nouc;; t.n<;; ITU. Ttt.oia np6t.\JI1a KaAUnt.OUV me 'tO oAiic6 µfucoc; t.OU api0µou lCQl. 
OUO'tQO&i<;; via t.n 6opn t.OU opi0µou. H appo6l.6t.nt.a -yia t.nV £1CX~non a.pi&~ 
awicci .ol\µcpa e:ir..c .ot.nv NRA e:i u: Ot.OV CV'tCT.aAµtvo TnA&nl.KOl. V<tNl.OlC6 Opvavioµ6. 
H nOAlt.l.lC:n api8µo66t.nonc; cn:ouc;; K6Anouc; t.nc;; Evwonc; txci µtxpi ol\pcpa 
cniicevt.pw8c1 oe: ncpiqpioµcvn e:vapµ6vion50: 
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Uq>l.Ot.6}:1E:VOU<; c0V.l.KOU<;; opiaµouc;, KQl. 
tva~ icoiv6c; 6ic9vnc; ic<.>f>i.K6<;; np6oj3aon<; -00. 112 napQAAnAa pc 
9. 2 Apxt~ t:~onc;; api8µC:W Kl. vnt.C.:W unnp£ol.W 
50 
51 T.o Koivot.iic6 nAaioio yia t.nv np6o~aon icai 6iaxe:ipion oxe:6ic..JV' api9po66t.nonc;; 
yio 6Acc; t.ic; .unnpe:oie:c; q>wvnt.iKnc;; t.nA.c~viac; txci 6iat.un<A>Se::i ot.nv npot.e::iv6pevn 
06nvia via t.nv ~nt.l.Kn TnA.e:q>c.vvia. H npootyyion, ot.npit6µcvn Ot.l.<; V£Vl.Kt<;' 
opxtc; 'tn<; ONP .e::iv.ai ov6Aoyn pE: e:Kcivn nou OKoA.ou8cit.ai ot.n ocpaipa t.c.JV 
pol)l.OOUXVO'tflt.~l. 
Au't6 ouvcn6yt:t.OJ. 6t.J. OJ. api8µoi CKXc.JpOUvtQl. ~6oc1 aVt.J.KCl.pCVl.KWv Kpl. t.npitrN 
icai ~iaq>av<Jv Oia6iicaoiW\f, nou va c~aoq>aAitouv io6T.nt.a np6o~aon~ ot.ouc;; n6pou~ 
api.8\l(N JCCU va civai XCJPi<; fnaKpioe::ic;. 
Eni nAtov, t.a Kpat.n McAn npcne::i va e::~aocpaldCouv 6i:i o tA.e::yxoc; t.wv e:9viic<Jv 
oxc61wv apiSµo66Ulonc;; avn1<:£1 o-r.nv cue\lvn tc..JV' NRA. OJ. NRA nptnci va 
e::~aocpaAitouv 6i:i "ta e:evu:a ox£6io api0µo66t.nonc;: Keil. 6.Acc; oi t.pononoinoeic;: 
t.ouc;, 6npooicuovr.oi µc t.nv cniq>uAa;n ncpiopioµ<Jv nou 611<ai0Aovo\Nt.01 µ6vo 
f36ocl. 'tn~ Euv0n1m<; n t.n<;; ouµµ6p<p<.>enc; µc t.l.<;; f3aou:tc; anal. t.t'loeic;, KQJ. 
An6tpaon ~vpJouA!ou 91/396/EOK 'tn<; 29nc; IouAiou 1991 via tnv uoaywyn pov~uo\1' api8po\1' 1tA11cm.~ 
tx'teut~nc; av6yxn~, OJ C217/31, 6.8.91 xa1 06nyia Eup~Aiov 92/264/IOk 'th~ lln~ Malou 1992 yia 'tnV 
£1ooywy6 £V6c n96'tunov &1e8vou~ xc.>61Kou 'tnA£9Ca>V1x~c; np60~~ O'tnv Xoiv6'tn'ta, OJ L165/27. 
M1a vta npootyyion O'to 0\1V'tov1op6 'twv pa61oouxvo~n'twv O'tnv Koiv6'tn~a, avcu:oivwon an6 'tnv En1~90m\ 
nov atp096 ~DV np6~aon via ~1Q An6tpaon 'tOU EV}l~OVAiOU via 'tDV VAODoinon an6 ~a 1(96~n-Mt.An pt~pwv 
uov at01><>\tv 't1~ pa61oovxv~n't£~, COH(93) 382, 10.9.93. 
233 
e:i5iK6t.e:pa t.O an6ppnt.o n t.nV npoot.aoia t.r""1 Ot.oixe:ir""1. 
9.3 Emn:oviop6c; t.nc; api0µo56t.nonc; Kl.Vnt.C:W unnpcoiC:W oc Koivot.iK6 cnine:5o 
H ~aoiKn npoo£vvion oc ox£6ia api9µo66t.nonc;, e:Kxc:>pnon Kai omn.ovioµ6 
api0µo56t.nonc; cxci 6.iat.unwed ot.o 1i'ncpioµa t.ou Euµ~ouldou 92/C318/0252 t.o 
onoio anai t.e:i T.nv T.npnon T.n<; apxnc; T.ou , 6iaxwpiopou t.r""1 5paoT.npiot.nt.""" 
e:Kµe:t.OAAe:uonc; an6 t.ic; Kavoviot.iKf<; Kai 6t.i oi anocpaocic; npcne:i va ot.npitoV'tai 
oe: e:upde:c; 5ia~ouJ..cuocic; T.WV cvfaacpe:poµtv""" µe:¢v. Avayvwpite:i e:nionc; t.nv 
av6yKn oUVT.ovioµtvnc; Kai ano6ot.iKn<; npootyyionc; yia t.nv api0µo56T.non oe: 
Eupc.xlaIK6 e:nine:6o. XapaKT.npi~e:i T..l<; nave:upwnaIKt<; Kivnt.tc; unnpe:oie:c; ti><; 
ne:pioxn U'\!lflAn<; npoT.e:pai6t.nt.ac; via T.nv av6nt.u;n oUVT.ovioptvnc; 5iaxcipionc; Kai 
e:Kxc:>pnonc; ptoa oT.ov EupwnaIK6 xWf>o api0po56t.nonc;. 
To 1i'ncpioµa Ka9icf)Wvci £va Kavoviot.i.K6 nAaioio nap6µoio µc e:Kcivo nou 
npoT.cive:t.ai ot.ov i:.oµ£a 't.(JJV ouxvoi:.nT.wv, nou e:pnAtKci tva e:upUT.cpo EupwnaIK6 
cp6poup t.o onoio nap£xe:t.ai an6 i:.n CEPT Kai e:i6iK6t.cpa an6 t.nv ECTRA Kai t.o 
ouv6c6e:ptvo µ' aui:.nv µe:llovi:.1K6 EupwnaYK6 rpacpcio T?lAe:niKoi Vr""1l.Wv (ETC) . Kai 
t.o Eup<AlilaIK6 rpacpcio Api9µo66-r.nonc; (ENO) nou avnKe:i o' aut.6 • 
• 
• 
• 
• tpcuva via i:.nv unoor.npi;n 
api0µo66t.nonc; J..aµl.36vov-r.ac; un' 
apxC:W, cpoptwv cKµc-r.6A1e:uonc;, 
e:v6iacpe:poµ£vwv µcp<.Jv, i:.nc; µaKponp69coµnc; av6ni:.u;nc; oxc6i(JJV 
6'iffi T.l.<; OVOV1C£<; t.WV C0Vl.lCWv lCOVOVl.O"tl.lCC:W 
napoxf(JJ\/ unnpcoi.C:W, xpnot.C:W Kai OAA"1V 
0UVT.ov10µ6c; T.n<; av6ni:.u;nc; e:9viicC:W oxc6iwv api0µo66t.nonc; µtoa Kai pe:t.a;o 
t.r""1 xwp<Jv µe:Ac:>V t.nc; CEPT, 
av6nt.u;n icoi vC:W npoocvvioc(JJV via i:.nv -µclloV'tiKn 6iaxcipion icai e:Kx~non 
api0pC:W oc e:9viic6 icai 6ic9v£c; e:nine:6o, 
av6nt.u;n KOl. vnc; EupwnaYKn<; 9£onc; 6oov acpop6 t.ic; 6paoi:.npl.6t.nt.£<; t.n<; ITU 
Kai av6ni:.u~n t.(JJV ouv6£oµwv µct.a;u api.0po66t.nonc; Kai npot.0nwv. 
Me: nap6µoia npootvvion µ' cKcivn nou aKo1ou0n9nKc via i:.ic; ouxv6t.nt.e:c;, n 
Eni t.ponn oKoncuci v' avant.use:i, µ61ic; i:.e:ee:i oe: ioxu i:.o icat.01An1o voµiK6 
nAaioio, µia oi:.aecpn oxcon µe: i:.a 6uo aUT.6 6pyava µc oicon6 T.nv npoav"'Vfi i:.ou 
omn.ovioµou ot.ov T.oµta api9µo66i::.nonc; icai i:.nv c;aocp6Aion t.nc; npoot.aoiac; 't""" 
ouµcpe:p6V'twv 'tn<; Evwonc;. Evac; Kpioiµoc; npo~Anµa't.10µ6<; ea civai n c;aocp6Aion 
ano6ot.iicC:W, 6iacpavwv 61a61Kao1wv oc Koivot.i.K6 cninc6o oi onoicc; ea cµno6itouv 
t.n 6nµioupvia cppavµC:W o-r.nv av6ni:.u;n 'tn<; cO<.JtcpiKn<; avop6c; ~aoioµtvwv oc 
av6J..uon nou np£nCl. VO ViVCl. yia t.O J..6yo OUt.6 Kai ea 61.00<paAitouv T.nV nAnpn 
npaict.iKn u1onoinon an6 -r.a Kp6i::.n-M£1n t.wv anocp6ocwv nou acpopoUv t.nv 
api 0µo66t.non. 
Koiv£c; etocic; nptnci e:nionc; v' avani::.uxoUv oc Koivot.iK6 cninc6o n6vw oc etµat.a 
api9µo66t.nonc; o'ta n1aioia 6ic8vwv opyaviopC:W, 6nwc; 'ta cp6pa api0µo66'tnonc; t.nc; 
ITU, via t.nv npoot.aoia i::.wv ouµcpcp6vt.wv i:.nc; Evwonc;. 
9.4 Av6nT.u;n e:v6c; EupwnalKou xt:>pou apieµo66t.nonc; 
52 Wncpiopa 'tOU tup~ouAiou 92/C318/02 'tnc; 29nc; Noe:p~piou 1992 via 'tnv npe>W9non 'tnc; nave:up.malxnc; 
ouvcpyaoiac; o'tnv ap18po66'tnon 'twv 'tnA£n1xo1vwv1axwv unnpe:oiwv, OJ C318/2, 4.12.92. 
234 
• 
MCXpl. onµcpa, K60£ xwpa fX£l t.OV 6l.1C6 t.nc; µova6u:6 K~l.K6 X~<; µtoo OT.OV 
onoio Kat.aot.p<.Jve:i tva c8viK6 oxt610 api8µo56t.nonc;. To 'l'flcpioµa t.ou tuµ~ouAiou 
92/C318/08 unoot.npi~e: cnionc;; 6t.i, ntpa an6 t.ic; ucpiot.aµcve:c;; e:0vi!Ct<; 
Kat.axwpnoe:ic;, n Eu¢nn ea nptne:i va icaeie:pc;x,e:i tvav Eupc..riatic6 xc;,po 
Api0µo66t.nonc; (ENS) 6nAa5n £vav Koiv6 xWpc> api0µo66t.nonc; nou 6e:v e:ivai 
e:u0uypaµµioµ£voc; µe: icaµi6 e:ni ptpouc; xc.Jpa. 
Mia an6 t.ic; ~aoiKtc; 5uvat.£c; np<Jte:uouoe:c; xpnoeic; ev6c; µeAA.oVT.l.KOU ENS e:ivai oi 
unnpe:oie:c; icivnt.W'V Kai npoown1Kwv e:niico1v<.t1V'1"'7, i6iait.e:pa 6t.av aUT.t<; naptxouv 
nave:upwnaIKtc; 6uvat.6t.nu::c; n 6uvar.6:r.nu:c; ncpiaV"'Yftc;. 
ria t.n 5l.CUK6AlJVOO T.n<; 5uvat.6t.nt.ac;; aut.nc;, Sa npCne:l. VQ 61.0t.£90~ µ£oa an6 t.OV 
ENS icat.OAAnAcc;; e:nionµcc;; icat.axwpnoe:ic; via t.l.<; unnpcoicc; aut.tc;. 
9. 5 Ilpoowm.icoi Kai cpopnt.oi ap18µoi 
Et.a nAaioia t.ou EupwnaYKou ouvt.ovioµou, ea nptnci va 6o0ci npot.cpa16t.nt.a ot.n 
5nµioupvia e:v6c;; EupwnaYKou XW{>ou Api9µo66t.nonc;;, Kai µtoa o' aUt.6v, ot.nv 
avaµ6p<pwon t.wv e:eviKwv oxc5iwv opi9µo66t.nonc;; via t.nv c~aocp6Aion ionc; 
µe::t.axcipionc;; µe::t.a~u oxe::6iwv KJ.Vn~nc;; api0µo66t.nonc; Kai ap18µ066t.nonc;; ot.a0e::pW'V 
BiKt.uwv, ot.nv c~aocp6lu.on cpopm:6t.nt.ac;; api0µC:W µe:t.a;u napoµoiwv icivnt.C:W 
unnpe:oiC:W 6nou aut.6 e::ivai t.e::xv1.1c6 ccpiicr.6, teal. ot.nv c~tAi~n npoc; npooc.inucn 
api0µo66t.non. 
:ET.o nAaioio aUt.6, ea nptne::i va 6o0e:i i6iaiT.cpn npoooxn ot.nv cvapµ6vion t.wv 
KOOl.KcJv np6o~aonc; oe: Kl. vm.6 ou~nµaT.a, unnpeoie::c; KOT.aA6vou icai unnpe:oicc; 
ve:viKou cv61ocptpovT.oc;, 6n~ e::ivai oi unnpcoie:c; tK~aKT.nc; av6vKnc;. 
:ET.nv µc.hAovT.iKn e::~CAl~n npoc; t.l<; npoowniKC<; e:nl.KOl.VWVicc;, 0a nptncl. Va 6o0ci 
npo-u::pa16T.nt.a oe: npoownu::ouc;, cpo.pnT.ouc; api9µouc;, ave:;apT.nT.ouc; an6 T.ov napoxta 
6u:t.UOU, T.OV i61ai T.e:po T.tmo unnpcoiac;, t.OV t.6no ( £9Vl.KO n 6ic0vW<;;) Kal. T.OV 
aT.oµiK6 t.e:pµat.iK6 C~OnA10µ6. 
ET.o nap6v ot.6510 6µc..x;, ea civai avavKaio va c~aocpaAi~e:t.ai 6T.l. T.a onµcpiva Kal. 
µclloVt.l.lC6 ox£6ia ap18µ066T.nonc; e::ivai aplCe:t.a CUCAl.Kt.a via T.nv c~aocp6Aion 
e::Kxc.Jpnonc; t.£t.oiwv api0µc.Jv cit.£ an6 e:0viK6 oxt6ia api0µo66t.nonc; e:it.c an6 t.ov 
Eup<.r.>na!K6 Xc.Jpo Api0µo66t.nonc;;. 
10 IAIA YilOAOMH KAI MEPIEMOE YilOAOMHE 
10.1 Xpnon 16iac; uno6oµnc;; via x1vnt.£c;; unnpcaicc; 
Onwc; ano6cixT.nKc ahli.ou ( {3.Atm:: nap6p·tnpa B ), 
161onapoxf>. uno6oµnc; civai icoivoi oT.i.c; 
cn11Coi.vwv1C:W Kai npoKa.Ao\Jv oo~ap£c; avnouxicc;. oi onµcpi voi ncpiopioµoi oT.nv 
ncpioo6t.cpe:c;; 66cicc; Kl.vnt.C:W 
a) lliao-c.ptjl>..cuon t:n~ 6opn~ t:n~ ayopd~ nou npoxrmt:ci an6 'tou~ onpcpi vol}' 
ncpiopioporJ~ 
• H anai T.non o-r.ouc; ne::p1006u:pouc;; cpope:ic; cKµe:t.6.A.Acuonc; Kl. vnt.C:W 61.KT.UWV 
va xpnoiµonoiouv t.n xwpn"tl.K6"tnt.a t.wv µio0wµ£vwv ypaµµw t.wv TO t.600 
via e::owt.E:pl.Ktc; ouv~tocic; 61Kt.UOU (nx ot.a0µ6<; ~aonc; µ£ lCCVT.po £Atyxou 
235 
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an6o"taonc; "tWV i<.hnocwv, 6£ve::i "tOV cpop£a cicµct.6.hAcuonc; t.ou icivn"tou 
·6iict.uou µe:: t.n xpnon t.nc; uno6oµO~ t.ou TO xwpic; va unapxci avavicaot.iica 
Kaµia t.CXViKn ait.io.h6vnon via t.ft.O.lOV ncp1op10µ6. 
Enci6n t.a t.£.hn 61ao\iv6e::onc; ica1 t.a e::voiic1a µio9wµ£vwv ypaµµC:,V 
QVt..lnpoowne::UOUV "tO 30% £~ 50t53 t.n<; ~6onc; C066wv "tWV cpopfWV 
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ouvne~ oe:: µovonw.hiaKn ~6on, aoice:i onµaVt.iKn e::ni5paon ot.nv e::µriopiKn 
~iwoiµ6t.nt.a Ka1 t.n 6oµn t.ou ic6ot.ouc; t.wv cpopfwv e::Kµe:t.OAAcuonc; Kivnt.C:,V 
61Kt.uwv, nou µnope::! va e::iva1 n va µnv e:iva1 6µcoo1 aVt.aywviot.fc; "tou. 
To np6~Anµa aut.6 o~\ive::t.a1 ot.nv fict.aon nou t.a t.1µ0A6y1a t.wv 
µ108wµfvwv vpaµµwv 6e::v e::ivai OK6µn ve::v11C6 ic60t.oot.pe::cpn Kai oe:: 
ouµcpwvia µe:: t.nv 06nvia t.wv Mioewµtvwv rpaµµc,;,v54 
01 m:piopioµoi ot.n 61aouv6e::on µe:: 6AAa K1 vnt.6 5iKt.ua 1Ca1 161ai t.e::pa 
61ict.ua nou e::ivai cyKat.aot.nµ£va oe: 6AAa Kp6t.n MfAn, e::ve::pyollv ~ 
cppayµoi ot.nv napoxn nave::upwndYKC:,V K.lvnt.&v unnpe::oi."'1 ica1 6ie::upwnaYicC:,V 
61Kt.UWV • 
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via t.o GSM ~aoi~e::LaJ. ot.nv e::upe::ia 61a8e::oiµ6t.nt.a t.ou ouot.nµat.oc; 
onµat.o6ooiac; ap. 7 -µ10 t.e::xvo.hovia nou 6e::v £xe::1 OK6µn avant.ux9e::1 
an6 t.ouc; TO nave::upwe::vwoiic6. 
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icav6ve::c; t.n.he::n1Ko1vwv1wv Kai avt.avwvioµou t.nc; Evwonc;, c161K6tcpa µc t.o 
Ap9po 90 ( 2) EK. I6iai t.cpa, n 06nyia t.wv Ynnpe::oi"'1, e::vw e::ni t.p£ne::i t.n 
ouvfxion t.wv µovonw.hiwv ot.o cpuoiic6 t.n.he::n1icoivwv1a1C6 6iict.uo ica1 t.n ~ao11Cn 
cpwvnt.iicn unnpe::oia, £xe::1 e::161ic6 anoK.he::ioe::i t.ic; Kl. vnt.£<; pa61oe::n11Co1 vwvie::c; 
an6 'to nc6io e::cpapµovnc; t.nc;. ea cpaiv6t.av aouve::nnc; n cn£ict.aon t.nc; cµ~£.hciac; 
aut.ou t.ou µovonw.hiou, µe:: ot.e::vn.e::pµnvcia t.wv unnpe::o1C:,V nou £xouv 6e::oµe::Ut.c1 
ot.nv o6nvia aut.n, ot.nv napoxn ~e::u~e::wv e::owt.e::piicnc; uno6oµOc; via ouot.nµat.a 
KQl. unnpe::oie::c; K.lVnt.WV pabioe::n.lKOl.VWVl.cJv. 
E~ ioou, n avnouxia 6t.i n 6ic9vnc; Kivnon ea e::ict.pe::n6t.av npoc; t.a Kl.Vnt.6. 
6iict.ua icai µaKpu6 an6 t.o ot.a8cp6 6iKt.uo, µe::t.a9£t.oVt.a<; t.1c; nnv£c; µe::t.acpop6c; 
oe:: ne::.h6t.e::c; avt.101Kovoµ1Kouc; via inv napoxn nave::upwe:vwo11Cn<; unnpe::oiac;, 
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cµncipiac; oe:: avop£c; 6nou t.tt.0101 ne::p1opioµoi £xouv xaAapc;,oci. 
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nap6µoiac; unnpe::oiac; 6e::v e:ivai oe:: 9£on o i61oc; va 1icavono1noe::1 t.n ~nt.non 
"tn<; avop6c; via t.nv unnpe::oia aut.n, n ic6voVt.6<; t.o o6nve::it.ai avan6cpe::uKt.a ot.o 
VO CUV000£l. "tl.<; 61ic£c; t.OU npoocpop£c; ne::p1006t.e::po an6 E:Ke::ive::c; t.OU QVt.QV(J.)­
Vl.Ot.0 t.ou55 Ee:: no.h.h6 Kp6t.n -M£.hn, 01 ne::p1op1oµoi ot.n xpnon i61ac; 
uno6oµnc; n uno6oµnc; t.pit.ou µ£pouc; e::ni~pa6\ivouv t.nv av6nt.u~n Kl.vnt.C:,V 
Oi. :µcAt't£~ napouoi.6touv a& aV"taywvi.ou.it£«i; ayop£«i; 1:ivnt.wv unnp&oi.wv at.nv Koi.v6'tn'ta 'ta x60'tn 
61.00~V6£0n~ W«i; DOOOO't6 't0\1 0\1V6A0\1 'tWV £06&.lv l:\1l10l.V6p£VO an6 30t f~ 50t. 
06nyia Zv:µ~ouAiov t.n~ 5n«i; Iouv!ou 1992, OJL 165/27, 16.6.92. 
BAtnc DcpiD'twon C-41/90, Hoffner & Elsner v. Hacrotron, [1991)CER 1-1979 xai. Dcpint.won C-260/89, 
ERT v. Dimotiki [199l]ECR 1-2925. 
unnpcoiC:W. Enionc;; o6nyouv ot.o va 6ivei o TO npot.iµnon ot.ic;; 6u:tc;; t.ou 
unnpcoicc; c1q1ct.6AA£uonc;; icivnt.o\) 61ict.uou an6 t.nv 6no'!'fl t.nc;; t.ono0coiQ<; 
np6o~aonc;; ot.o 6nµ6010 ot.a0£p6 61Kt.uo Kai t.nc;; 6ia0eoiµ6t.nt.ac; a\TtC:W t.olh.c.JV 
t.c.JV te:u~e:wv. 
TtAoc;;, noAn.6 Kpat.n MtAn txouv n6n &:loci t.o 61icaiCJlla xpnonc; 16iac;; uno6op.flc; 
oe: cpope:ic; e:icµe:t.6AAe:uonc; tel. vm.t:>v 6.tKt.uw. Aut.6 6ev txe:i npoicaAtoe:i opot.6 
apvnt.iic6 avt.inuno ot.ov evt.~t.aA:µtvo fopta cttp.et.OAAcuonc;. 
J3 J Koi vouxt~ apxt~ nov a(}opovv t:n xptJon t:n~ uno6ojlli~ 
Oi cpope:ic; e:icµe:t.6AAe:uonc; icivnt.c.Jv 6iict.ll'<.Jv ea nptnci va txouv nAflpn 
e:Ae:u8e:pia va e:Kp.e:t.<lAAe:uovt.ai icai v' avont.oooouv t.o 6l.lc6 t.ouc; 6iKt.uo y1a 
Va £1Ct.£A0Uv a6e:io6ot.nµtve:c;; n £VK£Kp1.µtve:<; 6paot.npl.6t.nt.e::c;;. AUt.6 
ncpi.Aaµ~6ve:i t.nv e:Ae:uecpia e:nJ.Aoync; t.WV 6ie:uicoAU\Toe:wv µe: t..t<; onoie:c; ea 
npoocpe:p8o6v t.tt.oie:c; unnpe:oicc;. 
H napoxn 6icuicoAuvoewv i<ai n xpnon uno6oµIlc;; nou anot.e:A.ci µtpoc;; t.ou 
6np6oiou oi:.a0e:pou 6ii<:'t.uou nptnci va un6ice:ivi:.ai oi:ic;; ycviictc;; apxtc; nou 
Ka0opil;ov"C.Ol. O"C.nV 0AOl.Ol.OKr\ 06nyia ONP, t.nv Q6nyia "C.WV Mio8wptvwv rpapµc;,v 
Kal. t.nV npot.£l.V{>µcvn 06nyia Vl.O t.n ~nt.l.lCil TnA&<p<JVia, O\JVlC&Kpl.µtva, 
6iacp6vcia, anouoia 61.aKpiocwv icai i.o6"tm:a np6o~aonc;;, icai va e:ivai nAflpwc; 
ouve:ncic; µe: t.ouc; Koivot.l.Kouc;; icav6ve:c; ovi:.avwvioµou. 
Em.nAtov, oi cp,ope:ic;; c1q1e:t.6AA.cuonc; Kl.Vnt.c.N 6iict.uwv ea nptne:i va txouv 
nAnpn 6u::aiwµat.a e:yKat.6o"Laonc; icai xpnonc; 61.Knc; t.wv uno6oµIlc; n uno6oµflc; 
nou avnice:i fl xpnoiµono:u:it.ai an6 t.pit.ouc;, via t.ic; 6paot.npi6t.nt.e:c; nou 
£nl.t.ptnovt.al. ouµcpwva µ£ "tnV 66£1.6 t.OU<;. 
Oi cpope:i<; eKµet.aAA.e:uonc; Kivnt.wv 6iict.uwv ea nptne:i va txouv t.o 61icaic.Jµa va 
61aouv6tov't.a1 6µeo9 µe 61\Aouc;; cpope:ic;; e:icµct.6.A.Ae:uonc;; icivnt.c.N 6iict.uwv cit.c 
O't.O 1610 Kpa'tot;; -MtA.ot;; n oe: QA.Ao Kp6r.oc; ..,.. MtA.oc;;. OJ. ape:oe:c; ouv6toqc; 
nptma va e:n.1 "tptnov't.a.l µtow "tou 6np69iou ot.a8e:po'O 61.let.uou, t.nc;; 16iac; 
uno6oµnc;; rt t.nc;; uno6oµnc; nou avnice:i n xpnoiµonoie:it.ai an6 an6 t.pit.ouc;;. 
Onou n ilha unoooµn anai 'te:i 'tn 6i60con pa6ion6pwv 6nwc; nx ~cu~e:ic;; 
~aoioptve:c; oe µ1Kp0Kuµat.1Kn £Knoµnn, t.a Kpat.n Mt.An ea nptne:i va 6ia8tt.ouv 
icat.6AAnAe:c; pa~ioouxv6t.nt.ec.;. 
10.2Ilp6o~aon oe "tono9e:oiec; Kai µcpioµ6c; t.onoecoic.Jv Kai uno6oµn~ 
Oi n£p.t~aAA.ovt.iic£c; npo"te:pa16~nt.e:c; nou txouv ica9ie:pw0e:i ot.nv ~uvenicn EK 
ouvio"to\l'v 6t.i n e:~6nA.won UJV unnpeoic;w icivnt.c.N e:nu;:oivwvic;w, ica9Wc; ica1 t.wv 
t.E:XVOAOVJ.Wv nou £~apt.WVt.OJ. an6 6AO icai piicp6t.e:pec;; KU\!'CA£c;, 6£V ea nptn£l. va 
ouvo6euet.ai an6 6oKono noAJ..anA.aoiaop6 ot.a0µ<.N ~6onc; n nuA<.Nwv 
pa61ocn1Ko1vwviac;. 
Oi e:161icoi icav6ve:c.; axe:~iaon~, n napaxt:>pnon ~1ica1W}:l6"tcuv Kai n ayop6. 
unoxpe:wt.iicc.N t.ono9e:oiwv ea ouve:xiaouv va anot.e:A.o\l'v 9tpat.a e:9v1Kc;w icavovioµc;w. 
Oµwc;, 01 6ia51Kaaie:c.; an6K~nonc; np6of3aon~ oe t.ono9eoiec;; 
un6K£l.V't.O.l. Ot.l.t;; f3ao1K£c.; apx£c.; Oiacpave:iac;, µn unap;nc;; 
avaA.oyiic6t.nr.ac;; Kai va f3aoi~ov~ai oe: av't1Ke:1µe:v1ic6 icp1t.np1a. ea nptne:i va 
61aicpioe:wv icai 
~uyxp6vwc;, via va £Aax1o"tono1n80\Jv oi ne:p.;i.~aAA.ov"tiictc;; ouvtneie:c; an6 t.nv 
'ZJ7 
av6ni:u~n "tCJV Kl.Vn"tWV e:nl.KOlVWVl.WV, ea nptn£l. va apeou-v 01. KaVOVl.O"tl.KOi 
n£p1op1aµoi nou £~o5i~ouv i:ov µ£piaµ6 i:onoe£al.Wv icai 61\Anc; uno5oµflc; an6 i:ouc; 
~Op£ic; £Kµ£"t0AA£Uanc; Kl.Vnt.wv 51.K"tUCJV µ£"ta~u i:ouc; Kal. J:.1£ i:ouc; tOp£ic; 
£Kµ£"t6AA£uanc; ai:ae£pW'1 61Kt.uwv. 
oi top£ic; e:Kµ£i:6AA£uonc; Kivni:wv 61Ki:uwv ea nptn£i va £nii:ptn£i:ai va 
ouµµcpitovi:ai uno5oµn, 6AA£c; 61£uKoAUvo£ic; icai i:onoe£aicc;, pc i:nv £nituAa~n 
i:nc; ctappovnc; i:CJV V£vu.wv apxt:>v i:nc; IlAaioiOKnc; 06nviac; ONP. 01 ol.]\itwvi£c; 
µ£piapou i:onoe£01W'1 Kai uno6oµnc; nptn£1 va £ivai 5iacpav£ic;, XCA>pic; 5iaicpia£ic; 
Kai va £~aotaAi~ouv i:nv i:npnon i:CJV {3aoiicW'1 anaii:na£wv. 
H 6pan i:wv avwi:tpw ne:piopioµwv 5£v ea £ivai p6vo auve:nnc; 6aov acpop6 i:o 
ncpi{36AAov, aA}..6 icai ea npowenoe:i i:nv nio ano5oi:iicn xpnan i:nc; icivni:nc; 
uno6opnc;. Aui:6 ioxue:i i.6iaii:e:pa oe: ne:pioxtc; pc µiicpn r1AneuapiOKn nuicv6i:ni:a, 
01 onoicc; 5£v ea µnopouoav va e:~unnpe:i:n0oUv aAAiWc; an6 i:o icivni:6 5iici:uo. 
Ta Kp6i:n -M£An µnopouv e:nionc; va anai i:oU'v an6 i:ouc; tope:ic; e:icµe:i:6Ahe:uonc; 
icivni:W'1 61ici:uCJV va auv6ni:ouv ouµtwvie:c; pe:piaµou uno6opnc; n i:onoee:oit:>v, oe: 
ne:pini:oocic; 6nou un6pxouv npoe:~cxovi:e:<;; A6voi {3aaioµtvoi 0£ n£p1{3<1AAovi:1ictc; 
npoi:e:pal.6"tn"t£<; n 6nµ6oia ao~6Ae:l.a. 
Tti:oie:c; unoxpe:ooe:ic; npcm:i va t.npouv i:nv apxn i:n<;; ava}..oviic6i:ni:ac;, va µnv 
e:µno6il;ouv ouoiaoi:iic6 i:i<;; a6e:106oi:nµcve:c; 6paoi:npi6i:ni:e:<;; icai va e:ivai auvcne:ic; 
µ£ i:ouc; Koivoi:iicouc; icav6vcc; avt.avwvioµou. 
11 EYNAYAEMENH OPOE~PA YilHPEEION MEEO ETA9EPCN KAI AEYPMATCN AIKTYQN 
11.10.i anaii:nacic; i:wv npoowniicwv e:n1ico1vwviC:W 
oi unnp£oicc; npoowniicwv e:n1Ko1vwv1W'V ea e:nii:ptnouv i:e:Aiic6 npoawniictc; KAnae:ic; 
oe: O"tOJ:la O'tn f36on e:v6<;; µovaOl.KOU api0µou, avc~Op't.n'ta an6 'tn etan "tOU<;, "tO 
XpnOl.J:l.OnOl.OUJ:lE:VO 't.E:pJ:lO'tl.K6, l.O µ£oa µe:"tacpOpQ<; ( CVOUpJ:lO'ta n aaupµa't.a) fl 't.nV 
e:nl.AOyO 't.CXVOAOViO<; ({3Acne: Ilap6pi:nµa A). 
ria va 1Kavonoin80Uv aui:tc; oi npoKAnoe:ic;, nptm:i va Ant8ci un6'!'fl n av6v1m 
6nµioupviac; e:napicouc; e:µnopiKnc; e:Ae:u8e:pia<; via v' avi:an0Kp18e:i n avop6 ai:n 
~ni:non e:vonoinµtvn<;; napoxnc; unnpe:oit:>v npoawnJ.KWv e:n1Ko1vwv1W'1, cvw ea nptn£l. 
va vive:i anooe:Ki:n n e:v5e:x6µe:vn ouvtxion i:wv utioi:aµtvwv a6c1W'1 via 
e:~ci6iK£U}:lCV£<;; 'tE:XVOAOVie:<;; via 'tO opai:6 µfAAOV. 
To xpovo5i6vpaµµa nou Ka8opioLnKe: µe: i:o ~ntioµa i:ou Euµ{3ouAiou 93/C213/01 via 
i:nv nAnpn ane:Acu0£pwon i:nc; 5nµ6oiac; ~wvni:1Kn<;; unnpcoiac; an6 i:nv ln Iavouapiou 
199856 naptxci i:Wf)a i:nv 6uvai:.6t.ni:a av6ni:u~n<;; e:v6c; auve:nouc;_ne:p1{36.AAovi:oc; via 
unnp£oicc; npoawniict:>v e:niK01vwviwv. 
11.2To xpovo616ypaµµa i:nc; TnAe:n1Ko1vwv1aicnc; Avaaic6nnanc; 
56 To xpovo5iavpaµµa nou Ka0opioi:nKe: µe: i:nv TnAe:n1ico1vwv10Kn Avaaic6nnan i:ou 1992 
e:vicai v16~£i no.AA6 an6 i:a {3nµai:a nou anal. i:oU'v'tai via i:nv npoe:i:oiµaoia i:ou 
6nµ601ou oi:aee:pou 61ict.uou Kai ioiaii:e:pa, i:nc; unnpe:aiac; cpwvni:iKn<;; i:nActCJViac; 
via i:o ncpif36Ahov i:wv npoowniKwv e:niK01vwv1wv. Ei5iic6i:e:pa, ncpiAaµf36ve:i: 
Mc np6o9£~£~ µ~~a~a~1xt~ ncpi60ou~ µtxpi 5 xp6v1a via ~nv Ionavia, IpAav61a, EAA66a xai 
Ilop~ovaAia KOl, 6nou a1~10AOV£i~a1, 2 xp6v1a via ~O AoU~£µ~oupvo. 
238 
• nAflpn ane:Ae:u0£pwon t.wv unnpe:oi<Jv 6nµ6oiac; cpwvnt.iicnc; t.nAccpwviac; µtxpi t.nv 
ln Iavouapiou 1998, ouv.ne:piAaµ~avoµtvnc; t.nc; npoct.oiµaoiac; t.wv avavicaiCJN 
t.pononoinoe:wv t.ou Koivot.iicou icavoviot.iic:ou nAaJ.oiou µtxpi t.nv ln 
Iavouapiou 1996. Aut.6 ea 6ie:uicoAU'vci t.n ouv6uaoµtvn npoopop6 unnpcoi<N 
µ£0<1o>'ot.a8e:p<Jv icai aoupµ6t.wv 6iict.uwv µ6Ai~ cnit.cux9ci n nAnpnc; ancAcu9t­
pwon. 
• nAnpn e:cpapµovn Kai, 6nou anait.cit.ai, npooapµoyn, un6 t.o ~ t.nc; ncpait.tpc.> 
ane:Ae:u0£pwonc;, t.wv apxc.Jv ONP. Aut.n ea cniiccvt.pc.>8e:i ot.n 6iao\Jv6con icai o' 
tva nAaioio via t.a t.£An np6~aon~57 
• YAonoinon t.nc; apxnc;' t.nc; aµoi~aiac; avayvc.Jpionc; c0viK'7v a6ciC:W icai 
c~ouoio6ot.noe:wv. 
ll.3~uv6uaoptvn napoxn ot.a9c~v/Kivnt.C:W unnpcoiWV' 
Oi ~aoi.iccc; ouvefuce:c; via va apxioe:i. n e:~cAi.~n npoc; u.c; npoowni1ttc; e:niicoi. vwvicc; 
e:ivai. n 6pon (6nwc;: npoo5i.opise:t.ai ot.o t.µr\µa 3.6 avWt.cpw) t.wv ncpi.opioµC:W ot.n 
ouv5uaoµtvn npoo<pop6 an6 f.vav µova6i.ic6 napoxca 61acpope:t.1icC:W Kl. vnt.C:W 
unnpe:oiC:W, nape:xoµtvwv K6:t.w an6 6ia<pope:'tl.KC<; 66e:ie:c;, icai ~aoci 6iacpope:t.l.lCWv 
t.e:xvoAovi.C:W/npot.unwv. 
I:t.n ouvtxcia, oe: e:u&uyp6µµion µe t.o xpovo6i6ypaµµa nou txci ic:a0opiot.ci via 
t.nv nAnpn am:Ae:uetpwon t.wv unnpe:oiw ot.a8cpou 6iict.uou, ea nptnci va ap9o\N 
6.Aoi. oi ne:piopioµoi ot.ov e:Ae:u0e:po ouv5uaoµ6 t.wv nape:xoµtvCJN unnpe:oic.Jv µtow 
t.wv ot.aee:pc:w icai. icivnt.wv 5iKt.uwv. 
ria va e:µno5i.o't.e:i n 5nµioupyia vt.CJJV <ppayµc.N ot.nv e:owt.e:piicn avop6 via t.ic; 
npoowniKtc; e:niKoi vwvie:c;, t.a Kp6t.n MtAn 6e:v ea npcne:i. ot.o e:~nc; va 
ne:piAaµ~6vouv ne:piopi.oµouc; aut.ou 't.ou 't.unou oe: icaµi6 ve:ocic6i66µe:vn 66e:ia 
Kl.VO't.Wv Cnl.lCOl.VCJJVl.Wv. 
ll.4~uvat.6t.nt.a ot.ouc; <popcic; e:icµe:t.61\Ae:uonc; lCl.Vnt.Wv 61.Kt.UWV n o~ouc; ave:~6.pt.nt.ouc; 
napoxe:ic; unnpe:oiC:W va µe:t.anwAouv n va pe:t.ayouv Kivnon ot.o ot.a8cp6 61Kt.uo 
);lE:t.O t.O 1998 
H ouµcpwvia via 't.nv ane:Ae:uetpwon t.nc; unnpe:oiac; t.nc; 6nµ6oiac; <pwvnt.iicnc; 
't.nAe:<pCJJViac; anai't.e:i 6t.i ea npcne:i 01 <popcic; e:icµe:t.OAAe:uonc; icivnt.<Jv 6iict.uwv va 
txouv 6uvaT.6t.nt.a µe:t.a<pop6<; cpwvnt.u:nc; icivnonc; µe:'ta;u onoiou6nnoT.e: ouv6uaoµou 
o'ta0e:,PWv icai Kl.Vn't.Wv npoopioµwv ot.nv Evwon an6 t.o 1998, µ~a 6paot.npi.6t.nt.a nou 
onµe:pa avnKCl. anoKhE:J.Ot.J.K6 Ot.OU<; t.nA.e:nJ.KOl.VWVl.alCOU<; opvavioµouc;. 
Kat.6 ouv£ne:ia, 01 <pope:ic; e:Kpe:t.6.AAe:uonc; icivm:.c.Jv 6iict.uwv Kai · 01 ave:;apt.nt.oi 
napoxe:ic; unnpe:oiwv ea nptne:i e:nionc; va µnopo\Jv an6 e:ice:ivn t.nv nµe:poµnvia va 
uno~6A.Aouv npoo<poptc; via 66eie:~ napoxnc; 6nµoaiwv cpwvnt.iicC:,V unnpe:oic.N o~aee:pou 
~l.lCt.UOU, 6t.aV Kat.aOt.OUV 6ia9£oiµe:c; 't.ft.Ol.£<; aae:ie:c; lCQJ.. OUp<p<.JVa µe: t.OU<; 6pouc; 
t.wv a6cic.Jv au~Wv. 
ll.5~uvat.6t.nt.a ot.ouc; ~opci~. £Kµc~6AAe:uonc; ot.a8e:pc;w 6i1t~uwv va naptxouv 
aoupµa~e:c; unnpeoicc; 
57 t"to nA.aioio au't6, n Eni"tponn txci cnionc;: 6n11ooicuoci pia Avaitoivwon via 'tnv av6Inu~n 1ta80A.i1tl'i.c; 
unnpeo!ac; oc avtaywvio"tu6 m:pi.~6AJ\ov (~Acne AvaKo!vwon 'tnc; Eni'tponnc; 'tnc; 15nc; Nocp~p!ou 1993, 
COM(93)543). To tup~ou>.io, avtanoKpiv6pevo, uio9f'tnot: Wfupiopa via 1ta80A.im vnnpco!a xat6 'tn 
ouvo66 'tOV 'tn<; 7nc; Acxcµ~p!ou 1993 fnpoc;: 6npoo!cuon). 
239 
i'-·. ·. oi ~aoiKtc; apxtc; t.nc; Koivot.iicnc; t.nAcnl.KOl.Vc.JVl.OKnc; no.Ait.iK6c;, i6iait.cpa n 
anait.non t.nc; µn ll'nap~nc; 6iaKpiocc.JV, ea nptnci va ccpapµ6toVt.OJ. cnionc; ~ou~ 
fOpcic; cKp.ct.CAAcuonc; ot.a0cpwv 6iict.uc.w. oi fopcic; aUt.oi ea nptnci va µnopo\lv 
va naptxouv unnpcoie:c; npoowniK<Jv cniKol.Vc.JVl.c:,y napOAAnAa pc t.ouc; cpopci~· 
c1q1c't6AAcuonc; Kl.vnt.C:W 6ut.uwv. 
H 6pon t.c.JV fpayµC:W pe:t.a;u e:Kpe:t.CAAe:uonc; ot.a9e:pc.# KOJ. nvn'tw ~l.Kt.Uc.JV, nou 
anot.cAci ouvtne:ia t.ou xpovo6iavp6µpat.oc; t.nc; TnAcnl.KOl.Vc.JVJ.OKnc; AvaoK6nnonc; t.ou 
1992, anait.ci e:nionc; 6t.i.·ea nptnci 01 onµcpivoi topcic; cKpct.CAAcuonc; ot.a9c~ 
6u:t.uc.JV va pnopow va oup):lct.txouv n.Anp<&>e; ot.ov t.o):lta Kl.vnt.<N unnpcci<N, t.600 
ct.n xp6on Kl. vnt.Wv t.CXVOAOVl.WV Ct.O ct.aecp6 61Kt.UO 6co Kal. c.>e; Kl. vnt.oi topci~ 
aUt.06l.Kaic.>c;. -
Ttt.oi.a OUJ:lpct.oxn ct.nv avop6 unapx6vt.c.w foptc.w cKp.e:t.CAAcucnc; ct.aecpc.;,v 6i.Kt.uwv 
ea nptnci va un6icci t.al. ot.ic,; Koi vot.iictc; noAi t.i.Ktc; oxct.i.K6 µc t.nv a6cio66t.non 
icai t.nv Kat.axc.Jpncn ouxvo'tnT.wv, icaec:x; KOJ. ot.ouc; Koi vot.iicouc,; Kav6vcc; 
aVt.ayc.wl.CJ:lOU. An6 T.nv ln Iavouapiou 1998 t.o apv6t.cpo, 6cv ea nptnci v' 
anayopcuct.al. n.Atov ct.ouc; ,ope:ic; e:ic):lct.61\Acuonc; ot.aecpc:Jv 6iict.uc.JV ab initio (c~ 
apxnc; ) Va OU):l):lCt.txouv O):lE:Ca n C):l):lE:Ca OC 6ia611caoicc,; a6e:1066t.nonc,; Vl.a t.nV 
CKP,Ct.6>.Acuon lCal. napoxn unnp£0l.Wv lCl.vnt.Wv n npoO<.r.xll.lCWv £nl.KOl.VC.Wl.Wv. 
11. 6 Opot.cpai6t.nu:c; t.nc; Ev<.tJOnc; ot.o xc;,po t.nc; a6cio66t.nonc; via va npoct.oipaot.ei 
via ~O nepi~6AAOV t.c.JV npocwniicc:Jv COl.KOJ.VWVl.Qv 
EKt.6c; an6 t.ic; ncpioxtc,; npot.e:pa16t.nt.ac; via cvtpvcicc; ot.ov t.opta t.c.w ouxvot.~t.wv 
nou anai.t.o~ai via t.nv npowenon t.nc; c~t.Ai.~nc; npoc; t.o ncpi.~aAAov t.c.w 
npo0<.r.x1l.KC:W e:n1icoivwvic.Jv (nou npoo6iop1ot.nKav ot.o 4.4 nio n6vw), t.a Kp6t.n MtAn 
icat.6 t.n xopnvnon a6cic.Jv ea nptne:i va 61vouv i6iait.cpn tp.taon cc cice:ivcc; t.ic; 
t.cxvo.Aovicc; nou t.ai.pi.6~ouv ne:pioo6t.e:po via t.nv napoxn t.c..JV acup):lat.c..JV µe:p<:Jv t.c.JV 
unripcoi.C:W npoowniicc.Jv e:niicoivwvi.c.Jv. ea nptnci va t.iecVt.ai oi 01C6.Aou8c~ 
npot.cpOJ.6t.nt.cc; via t.nv a6e:io66T.non: 
• 
• Ta Kp6t.n MtAn ea nptm:i va xopnvow 66cicc; via cicp.ct.CAAcuon Kl. vnt.c.W 
ouot.np.6t.wv ol)pcpwva ):le: t.o np6t.uno DCS-1800 Kai va cnit.ptnouv t.nv av6rrc.u~n 
p.1KpoKU1!fc.Aoc16C:W e:ncict.6oe:wv t.c.JV on):lcpivc.Jv icivnt.c.Jv cuot.np.6t.c.JV nou civai 
a6cio6ot.n):ltva oU):lcpwva µc t.o np6t.uno GSM ct.n tc.Jvn 900 MHz • 
Ta Kp6t.n Mt.An ea nptnci va oxc616touv icat.axc.Jpnon cuxvot.nt.wv icai 
a6cio66t.non ouot.nµ6t.c.JV npoowniicc.Jv cniicoivc.wic.Jv 6oputopiicnc,; ~6on~ 
(ncpi.Aaµ~avoµtvwv t.wv Acy6µcvwv ouot.n):16t.c..JV xaµnA!\c; ynlvnc; t.poxi.6c; (LEO)) 
icai µe:A.Aovt.i.icc.Jv unnpe:oic.Jv t.pit.nc,; vcvi6c; ~acicµtvc..JV et.o pcAAOVt.J.tC6 
nayK6op10 cuot.np.a lCl.Vnt.c.Jv t.n.Acnl.KOl.VWVJ."'1 (UMTS). 
12 DPOIBAZH EE TPITEE XQPEE 
H t.nAcniKoi vwviaicn no.Ai T. iic:n t.nc; Evwcnc; txci unoot.npi~ci pc ouvtncia -t.nv 
cvica916puon cv6c; uyi.ouc,; 6ic0vouc; ne:pi.~OAAoVt.o<; T.6co via t.i.c,; t.nAcniic:oivwvi.OKtc; 
unnpcoicc; 600 ic:ai via 'tov £E;on.hioµ6. AUt.6 cnava~c~ai~nicc ot.o i'I\ticµa t.ou 
Euµ~ou.Aiou 93/C213/01 via 'tnv Tn.Acniicoivwviaicn Avaoic6nnon t.OU 1992, t.O onoio 
avayvc:>picc "t.nv e:vica016pucn cv6c; uyiouc; 6ic0vouc; e:pnopu:ou ncpi~OAAoVt.oc; nou 
cnl.'tptnci np6c~acn oc t.n.Acnu:oi vwviaictc; ayoptc; t.pi t.c..JV x~ cuyicpiciµcc; 11£ 
t.nv Ufl.Ot.6):1cvn ct.nv Koi. v6t.n'ta", ~ nap6voVt.a -ic.Aci6i ct.nv av6nt.u~n t.n~ 
):lCAA.OVt.l.Kn~ KaVOVl.O'tl.lCnc_; no.hi~l.Knc,;. 
~;:..' ' 
E' a\1t6 t.o nAaioio, nptnci va Ancp9ci unoyn n ouo1aot.1Kn ou:µ:µct.oxfl oc 
ucpio'ta:µcva icovo6p·ua ici vnt.C:W ouot.n:µa't<JV :µtoa o'tnv Euputalitn Evwon, cpoptwv 
cic:µct.OAA.cuonc; an6 'tpi'tc<; xt:lpec;, icae~ cnionc; Kai n ioxupn eton Ka'taoiccuao't~ 
t.pi't<JV ~ ot.nv avopa icivnt.ou c~oriAio:µou 'tnc; Evwonc; (~Atnc llapQp'tn:µa r). 
Tnv 161a ot.i.vµfl, t.o t.ptxov icavovi.ot.iic6 ncpip6Mov oc uncpn6Vt.icc; ayoptc; 
5uoKoAcl)ci. cpopcic; cic:µc'tOAAcuonc; an6 'tnv Eup.11alicn Evwon va :µnow oc opioptvcc; 
ayoptc; Kl.vn'tWv ouot.npa't<.tJ\T ot.o c~c..Jt.cpl.lt6. Eva na¢16ciypa, civai n 5ia'ta~n t.nc; 
vo:µo9coi~ 't<.tJ\T HilA nou acpopa t.ov ncp1opiop6 A6Vfil cpaopat.oc; pa6ioouxvot.n't<.tJ\T 'tn<; 
~tvnc; c8v1.1c6t.nt.ac; i61oict.noiac; t.ou noooatou n6vc.> an6 20t C 6pcoa) icai 25t 
(t:µpcoa) cv6c; cpopta cicpct.OAAcuonc; icivn'tC:,V &iict.Uw\r t.c..N' HilA. 
Onou ucpiot.at.ai on:µcpa t.tt.oia aoU:µ:µct.pn n~n atnv ayop6, n Koivot.iltfl 
no.Ai t.iicn nptnci va e:ni~iwKci cvcpva t.n &ic~avwvn noAupcpW'I 5ianpav:µat.cuocw 
oc ~aoiictc; 'tnAcn1ico1v<.tJ\Ticc; o~a nAaioia t.nc; rcviicnc; Eupcpc..JViac; via t.o E:µn6pio 
Ynnpcoic;,v. via v• avoi~ci t.nv np6o~aon oc ~tvcc; ayoptc;. 
Mtoa o'ta 6pia t.wv 5ic9vc:>v 'tnc; unoxpcoocw ic01. t.nc; Koivot.u:nc; vopo9coiac;, n 
Evc.>on nptnci va cict.iµfloci av oi on:µcpivtc; avio6t.nt.cc; p.nopow va 
anoicat.aot.a8ow µtoo ot.o n.Aaioio t.nc; Koi. vot.i.Kn<; v~o8coiac;, nx avacpopiica :µc 
t.nv cict.6c; EE oup:µct.oxn oc 66cicc; ici.vnt.C:W ouot.n~t.w • 
13 fiPOZQIJIKEZ BJlIKOINQNIEE AOPY~PIKHE BAZllZ 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 H noAi.t.i.Kn t.nc; Evwonc; txci apxioci va c~ct.atci t.a Cnt.npat.a nou txouv avOK\)\fcl. 
an6 t.ic; unnpcoicc; npooc.JniicW'V cniicoi.VCAJViC:W 6opuq>0p1icnc; ~6onc; C~Atnc 
n~'tfl:µa'ta A, a icai r >. 
Ol. ycvixtc; apxtc; t.nc; noAit.J.Knc; t.nc; Evc.>onc; txouv nan 5iat.unc.>0ci ot.nv Dp6oivn 
Bi~Ao t.nc; via Aopucpopiictc; Enl.KOl.VWVic~ KQJ. 'tO OUVaK6Aou8o i'l'lcpio:µa t.OU 
Eu:µ~ouA.iou t.nc; 19nc; liciccµ~piou 199159. OJ. apxtc; a\Tttc;, nou ~aoitoVt.al. ot.n 
ouvoAiicn noAi t. iicn t.nc; Evwonc; via t.ic; t.nAcniicoi vCJVicc;, txouv avant.ux8ci 6oov 
acpop6 t.l.<; Ynnpcoicc; fipooc.>m.icwv Em.ic:oiVCJVl.W pc AvaKoivwon t.n<; 27nc; Anpl.Aiou 
1993 Kai 'to ouvCllC6.Aoueo ~ncpioµa t.ou Eu:µ~ouAiou 'tn~ 7n~ Aciccµ~piou 199360 
Em.riAtov, ot.ic; 30 Onwf3piou 1993 uioeeinenic:c pia 06nyia nou cncic:t.civci 'to 
Ka9cot.~ tvKpionc; t.unou 'tcpµa'tl.Kou c~onAioµou icai ot.ov ic:ivnt.6 5opu~opiic6 
c~on.Aioµ661 To naictt.o µti:.pwv nou u.Aonoiow t.o 'l'J\cpioµa t.ou Euµ~ou.Aiou t.n~ 
19nc; Aeicc~piou 1991 ouµn.Anpt:>vct.ai pc t.nv npot.eiv6pcvn o6nvia navw 0t.nv 
no.Ai t.im via t.nv apoi~aia avayvc:>pion a&:iw oopuq>0piic:w unnpcoi.W"V62 t.nv 
npot.civ6pcvn 06nvia VJ.a 'tOV avt.aVc..>Vl.Op6 at.nv ayopa unnpCOl.W KQl. C~OnAl.OJ:lO\l' 
6opucpopiicw cniico1vc.N1'7v, 01 onoicc; av 'teA1K6 uio8ct.n8odv, ea encict.civouv ~o 
Tt'to1a n,POOtyy1on txc1 npo~Ac~8c1 o'to oxt&10 np6'taonC: o6nv1~ v1a 'tnv uoA1't1xtl n6vw cnnv apo1~a1a 
ava~p1on a6c1w 1ta1 cev11tw c~ouo106o'tnocwv via unnpcoicc 6oPV90p11twv cn11to1vwv1Wv. 
npoc; navcup.mal1t6 ouo't6pata xa1 unnpcoicc; -D~1w BiJAoc; via 1to1vil upootvv1on o'to uc61o 'tWV 
6oputp<>p11tWv CD1X01VWV1Wv COM(90) 490 't&A1x6, 20.11.90 ltQ1 wtl91opo 'tOU l\11lOUAiou 91/C8/0l''tnC 1~ 
Ac11tcp~piou 1991 via 'tnv avmt'tutn 'tnc; xo1Vl\c: ayo~ y1a 6op\J90p11ttc; cn11to1vwvicc; 1:01 unnpcoicc:, 
OJC8, 14. 1. 92. 
COM( 93) 171 r.:a1 WJ1t1opa 'tou %u:µ,IX>u>dou 'tnc; 7nc; Acxcp&'p1ou 1993 y1a 'tDV c1aaywytl unnpcoJ.CW 
u~uw cn11to1vwv1Wv 6opu~p1ltl\c; ~6onc; C'tnv &u~a11t6 Xo1v6'tn'ta (93/C339/01, OJ C339/1. 
16. 12. 93). 
06nv1a 1\11lJSouA1.ou 93/91/IOK 'tnC: 29nc; Ox't~~piou 1993 nov OU)IDAD~ci 'tnv 06nv1a 91/263/EOK an6 'tnv 
miown c~onA1opo~ 6opu~op11:wv cn1vci~v o'ta8pc:>Y, OJL290/1, 24.11.93. 
np6'taon via 06ny1a 'tOV Eup.>1to1vo~ovA!ov xa1 'tOV l\JllJouAiov n6vw cnnv noA1't11t6 via 'tnv opo1~a1a 
av~p1on a6c1w xa1 6i\Awv c8v1xWv £touo106o't6ocwv n~6c: 611t'tU<mWv 6opu•op11tWv vunpco1wv 1ta1/6 
unnpco1w 6op1190p1xwv cn11to1vwv1~v, C<»t(93)65~ 4. 1.94 -n~ &npooicuon. 
241 
<. nc61o ccpappovr"lc; 'tnc; 06nviac; 't<.rJV Ynnpcoi.w o'to 6opucpopl.1C6 nc6io 63, 1eai. pia 
npoocxfi Avaar:oivc.>on via 'tnV np6o~aon O'tO 61ao'tnpiK6 'tpJ\pa. 
ea napapcivci 6pw<; cva c~txov 0cpa -dci61, 6oov acpop6 'tnv navcupc..r1all:fi 
a6cio66'tnon. oneax; 6cix'tnicc o'ta napap'tr"lpa'ta A 1eai B, oi 6opucpopi1etc; unnpcoicc;: 
cnnpcatouv an6 'tn cpuon 'touc; tva pcvOAo api9p6 Eupc.l"lal1ew x~ KCll 
icavovio'tiicw ica0co'tW'twv, 't6oo o'tic; xc;,pcc; 'tnc; avcpx6pcvnc; tc~~nc; 600 Kai atn 
xc;,pa( cc;:) 'tnc; ica'tcpx6pcvnc; ~cu~nc;. H jhopnxavia cni~apUvC'tOl. pc onpavtiKa 
. ic6o'tn an6 'tnv avayicn icavovio'tiicr"lc;; 'taK'tonoinonc;: · icai/J\ a6ei<N an' 6Aa 'ta 
cpnAc1C6pcva KpO'tn MtAn. E'tnV np6'taon via 06nvia 'tOU Eup~ouA.iou OXC'tl.Ka pc 'tnV 
apoi~aia avayvc;,pion a6ciC:W 6opucpopi.icw unnpcoi.w, txci. cKnovn9ci pia 
61a61icaoia nou cni.'tptnci apoi~aia avayv~ion c9viicw a6ciw, o'tic; ncpin'tC.:X:Scic;: 
6nou 01 icoivoi 6poi a6ciC:W via pia c1611efi unnpcoia txouv oupq>WVn9d oe 
Koivo'tl.K6 cninc6o. . 
nap6poia anait.non via c0viicn a6cio66'tnon unnpcoiw npoo<Jtu.icw cniicoivwviw 
6opucpopiicJ\c;: ~aonc; ea pnopouoe: va napcpno6ioci oo~ap6 t.nv av6n'tu~J\ t.ouc;:. Oi 
66£1.C<; Vl.a unnpcoicc;; 6opu~Opl.1CQv npooc.llll.KQv cnl.KOl.Vc.JVl.Qv 9a nptncl. V' 
avan"tux8oll'v an6 'tnv apxfl ot.nv Evwon navw ot.n ~aon pova6iicC:W a6c1'1v 
c1epc't6AA.cuonc;: cic6i6optvwv pc ouv'tovioptvo 'tp6no an6 'ta Kp6i:.n MtA.n icai/I\ oc 
Koi.vot.1K6 cninc6o. 
Eni.nA.tov, pi.a ouvtoviopcvn Eupwnalicfl npootyyion ot.nv a6c1066'tnon t.C'tOl.C&JV 
unnpcoiC:W ea flt.av nio ano'tE:AE:OpOt.l.Kfl via 'tnv npoo'taoia t.c.JV Eupc.l"lallCWv 
icavoviot.iicC:W oupcpcp6v~wv oc oxcon pc nayic6opia Kl.vn'ta 6opucpopiica ouo'tflpata. 
npou:ivct.al. Aoin6v Ol. 66e:icc; via pcllOV'tl.ICC<; npoO<.rJl'll.KC<; CnJ.lCOl.Vt.JVicc; 
6opucpopu:J\c;; ~acne; va xopnyoU'vt.ai ab initio pc ouvtovioptvo t.p6no icai/I\ oc 
Koivo'tix6 cninc6o. 
Ee 'tt'toia ouo'tflpa'ta ea pnopouoc cnionc;; va 6o9ci npot.cpai6t.ni:.a, ot.o nc6io t.c.JV 
icivn't'1v 1ea1 npoo~uicC:W cnl.!coivwviC:W, ptoa ot.o vcviic6 nA.aioio nou naptxct.ai 
an6 'tn Euv8J\icn via 'tn 6npioupyia 6icupc.>na1K~ 61.Kt.UWV. 
14 OPOQ9HZH TOY nArKOEMIOY EYETHMATOE KINHTOH THAEOIKOINQNIQN (UM'l'S) 
63 To pclloV'tiic6 ouot.npa UMTS t.pit.nc;; vcviac;; ea naptxci- i:.cA.iica pi.a ~&Jn 
'cvonoinptvnc;; t.cxvoA.oyiac; via t.nv nio 011eovopiicJ\ icai ano6o'tl.Kfl napoliA 
unnpcoiw npoowniicC:W cniicoivwvi.C:W. 
To tpvo pcoa o'tnv Eupwna!icfl Evwon npow9cit.ai t.600 ptoa oi:.o nA.aioio Koivo'tl.K"'1 
npovpappat.wv tpcuvac;;, i6iai t.e:pa t.o RACE, 600 icai o'to ETSI, cw t~w an6 t.nv 
Evc.xm t.o tpvo o'ta nA.aioia t.nc; ITU txci co'tiaoci ot.o nc61o aU't.6 1e6t.w an6 'tO 
np6vpappa 'tC.JV MclloV'tiicC:W lmµooiwv Euot.np6'twv Kivni:.C:W T?lAcni1eoivc.JV1'1v Snp6~ 
(FPLM'l'S) (~Atnc napapi:.J\µat.a A KQl. r). 
Mtoa o' OU't.6 t.o pcllovt.iic6 ne:pi136llov, pia oµaAJ\ pct.~aon an6 t.cxvoAovicc; 
6cU'tcpnc; vcviac; oc t.cxvoA?vic~ 'tpit.nc; vcvioc;, ea nptnci va uno~oneneci an6 'to 
vcvov6c;; 6t.1 01 µcllovt.iKcc;; icavovio'tiKtc; 6optc;; nou npot.civoV'tal. via t.l.~ 
'tCXVoA.ovicc;; 6c&tcpnc;; ye:vi6c;;, 6nc,.x; civai 'tO GSM, DCS-1800 ICQ1 t.a DECT KQl. 
ERMES, civai oxc6iaopfvcc;; via va npoct.o.i.~aoouv 'tO ncpi~OAA.ov t.C.JV unnpcoiw 
U~i::.aon V1Q 06nyia 'tft~ ED1'tp<>n6~ DOU 'tp<>nono1ci 't1~ 06nyic~ 88/301/IOK y1a 'tOV QV'tOVWV10}l6 cnnv 
ayop6 i::.nAcn1xo1vwv1axo6 c~onA101106 ica1 'tnv 06nyia 90/388/&0lt y1a 'tov avtaywv101&6 cnnv ayopl 
'tnAcni.&01vwv1axcW unnpco1wv. Acv txc1 6npooicu'tci ax6pn. 
242 
. >, 
ot.nv Evwon vi.a npooc.r.>niiccc; e:m 1<01 vwvie:c;. 
Av l)cv aicoAou9c1 t.o cut.fl n npootyyion, 6cv ea unovopcuoVt.av p6vo oi. l)il)uµoi. 
ot.6xoi. t.nc; cnit.cu;nc; t.nc; e:o<...Re:piicnc; ayop6c; icai t.nc; npoc,;,enonc; t.wv l)i.cup<dlalKC:W 
l)ut.owv icai. unnpe:oi'1v, aAA6 9a ne:pi.op1~6t.av anocpaoi.0t.i.ic6 n 6uvat.6t.nt.a t.wv 
Koi vot.iicC:W npovpaµ:1:16t.wv tpe:uvac; icai t.ou cupc..11alicou t.unono1nt.11too tpvou ato 
ne:61o t.wv 1ti.vnt.C:W ouot.np6t.wv t.pit.nc; ve:viac;, oc µia xpoviicn ncpio6o icat.6 t.nv 
onoia Aap~avoVt.al. icpio1:1:1e:c; anocp6ocic; oc nayic6opio cninc6o via t.ic; µcAAoVt.l.Ktc; 
fftoe:ic; t.c.JV UMTS/FPLMTS. 
ria va µe:yi.ot.onoin0e:i n ouv01:6t.m.a Eupc.JrIOlK<N np<.Jto~ouAi<N ot.o nc6io t.c..w 
nayicoo:1:1iwv Euot.n:1:16t.wv Kivnt.<.Jv TnAcniicoivwvi<N, civai anapait.nt.n pl.a 
ouyice:vt.p<.Jtl.Kn npoon60e:ia unoot.npi;nc; t.nc; c;tAi~nc; npoc; t.o nay1t60µ10 ouot.npa 
ic:i vm.C.:W t.nAe:m.ic:oi vwvi.Wv. Aut.n ea nptm:i va ncpiAap~6vci 6~ npoavaq>tp0mcc, 
t.nv OVOnt.u~n Ol1Vt.0Vl.o:µ£vwv 0.lOOl.lCOOl.cN 00Cl.006t.nonc; pe:t.a~o Kpat.'1v -Me:AQ\7 
1<01/n oe: Koivot.iic6 e:nine:eo. 
Ttt.oia l)ial)u:aoia a6e:ioo6t.nonc; ea nptnci va Aaµ~ave:i un6yn cioiictc; c8v1.1ctc; 
Kat.aot.6oe:ic;, i<a9Wc; e:nionc; va e:~aaq>aAitci oµaAf>. µe:t.~aon an6 unnpcoicc; 
oe:ot.e:pnc; ve:vi6c; oe: unnpe:oie:c; t.pit.nc; ycvi6c;. H cv6cx6µcvn µe:t.~aon oe: 
ouot.n:1:1at.a t.pi t.nc; ye:viac; ea nptne:i va A.a:µ~6vc'tai un6'!fil an6 t.a Kp6t.n MtAn 0t.n 
onµe:pl. vn a6e:1066t.non ouot.nµ6 r.wv oe:ut.e:pnc; vcv16c; via va e:;aocpaAitc'tal. 6'tl. n 
napoxn unnpcoiW'V npoowrui<wv e:m.i<oivwviW'V ),lIIOpci va ouvcxiot.ci ot.n ~6on t.wv 
nio ano6ot.J.lCWv t.e:xvoAovi<.Jv. 
Euyxp6vwc;, ea np£ne:i va ~nt.nSe:i an6 t.nv Eupc..xtaiicn Enit.ponn Pa6i.ocni.icoivwvit:Jv 
va opioci cne:iv6vt.wc;, oe: ouvcxe:ia icai oe: uAonoinon t.wv an<><paoe:wv nou 
e:Ancp0noav icat.6 t.n WARC 92, t.nv opiot.11Cn ic:at.axc.Jpnon icai t.o xpovo6i.6vpaµµa 
oi60e:onc; t.wv ouxvot.flt.wv via t.o UMTS. 
15 EYMilEPAEMATA 
H cntK"taon t:n~ 'tnAcniKo.i vwvi.aK11~ noAi t:J.Krl~ t:n~ EVtJOnc; ot:ov Ki vnt:6 t:opta c1vcu. 
<511Vat:rl Kai napcxci tva ovvcm~<; nA.a1oio yia t:nv pcllovt:J.Krl avdn"tu{n t:ou t:op.ca 
Kai t:nv c{tAi {n tou npo<; tva 11cpif36A.Aov npoolJJtlJ.Kt:lv cnixoi vCJvit:Jv. 
H ccpapµovn t.wv apxC:W aur.wv ouvEmavci:ai tvav apl.9]:16 onµaVt.iict:Jv aAAaytJ1v 
Ot.OV t.oµf a. 
Katapynon t:CJV anopcv6vt:wv anoKAciot:J.Kwv xai ci6iKtJv c5J.KO.lWJJOt:CJv <nov ""Copta, 
pc "Cnv npoiJn68con tn<; 6npioupyia<; Ka-.:aAAJUCJV ouvBnxt:Jv a6cioc56"Cnon~, 6nou 
anai "C£1"Cai. 
OJ. onµcpiv~c; npooe:vvioe:ic; o'tnv a6c1066t.non icivn-tW'V unnpcoit:Jv µe: ~6on 
anoKAe:iot.iic6 icai e:i6iica bl.KOJ.Wpat.a txouv, oe: noAA£c; ne:pl.nt.Woe:ic;, oo~aptc; 
e:nint.Wocic; ot.nv t.axut.n'ta avant.u;nc; icai 6icio6uonc; t.wv unnpe:oicJv' icivnt.cJv' 
e:niicoivc.wiW'V. Enionc;, µnopo\Jv va ncpiopioouv t.ic; 6uvat.6t.nt.cc; cpopt<..JV 
e:ic::1:1ct.6AAcuonc; pc e:;cioiiccuµ~vn e:µncipia oc Kpot.n Mt.An Kal. OAAcc; avoptc; va 
unoi;OAouv npoocpopfc; µe: ioouc; 6pouc; via 06cicc; cic:µct.OAAcuonc; icivn'tw 
ouot.n:µ6"twv. 
Apon oACJv t:CJV ncpiop.iopwv ot:nv napoxn xivnt:tJv unnpcoitJv t:6oo an6 avc{dpt:nt:ou~ 
napoxci~ unnpcoitJv 600 Kai ano apcon napoxfJ unnpcoitJv £K ptpou~ "CCJV flOptCJv 
cKpctdAAcuon~ K.lvntwv <5iKt6wv. 
243 
Au'tn ea np£ne:i va ncp1Aaµ~6ve:i 'tnv e:Ae:uee:pia npoocpop6c; ouvOuaoµou 
unnpe:oi<Jv nape:x6µe:vwv K6'tw· an6 6iapope:'tl.K£c; 66e:ie:c;, Kae~ e:nionc; 'tn 
t>uvat.6t.n-ta napoxnc; unnpcaiwv oe: 6iapope:'tl.K6 Kpa'tn -MtAn Kai 'tnv 6pon 
ucpio'taµtvwv ne:piopioµwv. 
llAnpn~ cAcu8cpia oc rpopc1<; t:KpctOAAcuon~ JCJ. vnuJv c5.un:lt<.Jv va cJCpct:aAAcltovt:ai 
JCaJ. v' avant:UOOOUV ta 61KtU6 t:OU<; yia t:O OJCOfiO t:<.JV c5paot:npiot:nt:<.JV nou 
npoftAtnovt:aJ. ot:nv 66ci6 tOU<; n tnv c{ouoioc56t:non. 
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via xpnon ot.n Ol.e:Kne:paiwan t.WV Opao'tnpl.O'tOt.WV QU'tWv n xpnonc;; via t.O OKon6 
au't6 unoOoµnc; t.pit.ou, ic:a8wc; e:nionc; 'to OiKaiwµa µe:pioµou unoOoµflc;. 
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t.wv ouvoA1Kwv e:o6bwv cpopcwv e:ic:µe:'t6Ahe:uonc; ic:ivn't<Jv 61Kt.uwv, Kaeiot.c.Jvt.ac; 
µe:v6Ao t.µnµa t.nc; boµnc; r.ou K6ot.ouc; t.wv cpop£wv OU'tWv e:~apt.nµ£vo an6 t.ouc; 
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oonve:i oe: AlV6t.e:po anooot.l.Kn e:icµe:t.6Ahe:uon KQl. µnope:i va nape:µnoOioe:l. 
Ka1vot.0µ1ic:£c; unnpe:oie:c;, nx 6nou 61at.iee:vr.a1 ave:napice:ic; A£l.t.oupviic:tc; 
6uvat.6t.nt.e:c; onµat.obooiac; o' £va ouyic:e:ic:p1µ£vo ot.aee:p6 Oiict.uo. 
r1a t.nv· 6pon t.n<; e:~6pt.non<;; aut.fl<;; Kal. t.nV npoWSnon Kal.VOt.Opl.Wv, t.Q Kl.vnt.6 
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t.pit.wv, ica1 va e:iva1 oe: 8£on va ouv6£ovr.a1 6µe:oa µe: 6AAa ic:ivnt.6 Oiict.ua 
µtoo oc K6ee: Kp6t.oc; -M£Aoc; Kal µe:t.a~u Kpat.Wv -Me:A<Jv. 
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c5J.JCt:lRJV ptoa O'CO OllVOAlKO xpovoc5J.6ypappa nou t:f 8ct:aJ. ano t:O !l'nq>iopa t:OU 
EllJ:l.ftouAiou 93/C219/0l t:n<; ?.2a<; IouAiou 1993 yia t:nv nAnpn ancAcuBtp<JOn 
unnpcoi~v c5np601a<; <p<.JVnt:iKn<; t:n.Ac<p<.Jvia<; ptO<.J t:ou ot:aBcpolt c5J.JCt:ltou. 
Al1't6 ea np£m:1 va ouv1:n6ve:t.a1 t.o 6iKaiwµa t.wv cpoptwv cicµe:t.6Ahcuonc; 
Kl.Vnt.W'I .b1Kt.uwv fl t.wv ove:~apt.nt.wv napox£wv unnpe:oiWv va uno~6Aouv 
npoocpopa Vla 6be:1e:c; µe:t.(lnWAnonc; Ot.O Ot.a8e:p6 61Kt.UO, icaeWc; Kal t.nV 6pon 
6Ae»V t.wv u~iot.aµtvwv ne:piopioµwv e:106oxnc; cpop£wv e:icµe:t.6AAe:uonc; ot.aecpc;,v 
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e:cpapµovnc; 'twv Kav6vwv av'tavwvioµou t.nc; Euvenicnc;, e:161ic6"te:pa t.ou 
Kavovioµou 't.OU Euµ{3ouAiou 89/4064/EOK via t.OV CAE:VXO t.WV OUVKCVt.pQoE:WV 
ic:a1 'te»V 61a"t6;e:wv 't.WV Kav6vwv avi:.aye»Vioµou t.nc; Euvenic:nc; nou acpopow 
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JCaJ. ac5cioc56t:non Ba nptnci va cncxt:aBoaJv ot:ov t:opta, onou civai c5uvat:6. 
H ccpapµovn 'twv apxwv aut.wv nptne:1 vo Aaµ~6ve:1 un' 6'Vfl t.a 161ait.cpa 
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Kai unnpe:o1wv. 
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244 
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icpiaip.o napdyovt:a icai np£nci va cni t:a1wv8ci. 
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llptnci va CV'tQ'Cl.KOllOl.n8ci J:ll.O OllV'COVl.OJ.ll~vn EllptJ£VtJOJ.1Cl1 npootyyion 0£ 
owcvcSrnt:c~ Kai api8µo66rnan f36oci t:ou vndpxov-cc>~ EuptJllaflCou n>.aioic>11. 
To nl\aioio aut.6 e: i vai ouv!>e:!>e:µ£vo µe: t.nv EupwnaYtcn Eni t.ponn Pa6iocni­
icoi vwvic.Jv (ERC) l<Ql. t.O OUOXE:'tioµtvo µ' out.fl Eupwnalic::6 r'pope:io 
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po61oouxvot.n~wv ot.nv Koiv6t.nt.a. 
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ouµ~6l\.aia ouvcpyaoiac; ~1c "ta 6pvava aut.6, µ6.hic; 6nµiol1pyn0ci ot.a9epl'l 
voµ1Kn ~aon y10 t.ct.oia ouve:pvaoia. 
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cpyaoia, .haµ!'6vovt.a<; un6'.11n ~aoi1<6 oupcptpovi:a t.nc; Evwcnc; Kai t.n.v avayicn 
via nAl'lpn u.honoinon ot.a Kp6t.n-M£An t.<N oupqx.JVic;rv nou e:nct.cmc9noav µtoo 
ot.a 6pyava out.a. 
OJ. apJtt~ ~iaorJv6con~ noll avant:ux6n1Cav ot:nv TnAcniicoi VCJviaxii noAi t:J.JC~ t:n~ 
EVCJOn~ pnopo~v va cncKta8ouv o-cov Kivnt:6 ropta. 
01 apxcc;, 6µwc;, out.cc; ea npcm:i va npooapµoot.oav ot.o yeviic6 nAaioio t.nc; 
ouvoAitcn~ npooapµoyn~ t.ou Koivot.iicou Kavoviot1Kou nAaioiou µtxpi t.nv ln 
Iavouapiou 1996, oc ouµcp(.Jvia µe: t.o 'i'J\cpioµa t.ou Euµ~ouAiou 93/C213/08 t.n~l 
22ac; IouAiou 1993 nou ec~e:i t.o xpovo6i6ypaµµo via nAl'lpn aneAe:u0£pwon t.n~ 
~nµ6oiac; ~Wvnt.iKnc; unnpe:oiac;. 
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t.ou nAaioiou nopo>tfH;: Avo1.X'totl .lhnuou. 
H aafdAci°* n npoo'Caoi.a 'Coll anopp1hov ICOJ. 'Ca ncpifJallovuKd Cnuipat:a nptnci 
va t:lbcow i6ia1'Ccpnc; npoooxfu; 
H 6iaot6Aion ~ou 5nµ6oiou ouµ,tpoV'to~ o~ov ~oµta civai . 9cµcAiW5ou~ 
onµaoia~ via ~ou~ noAi~e;~ ~n~ Euf)Wnn~, Ka9~ cnion~ ano~cAci Kai anai~non 
via ~n 5nµioupvia o~aSe;pou cµnopiKou ncpi~OAAoV'to~. 
H 5iaot6Aion au~n a,op6 i~iai~cpa ~n µtpiµva via ~nv aocp6Acia ~ou xpno~n, 
Ka8~ cnion~ ~nv npoo~aoia ~ou anoppn~ou Kai ~wv npoowniK<.Jv o~oixciwv o~a 
vta 'ifll,1aK6 5iK~ua Kai ouo~nµa~a. nptnci cnion~ va 5o9ci npo~cpa16~n~a 
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c~anAwon ~wv Kivn~c.Jv ouo~nµ6~wv, Ka~i nou civai onµaV't1K6 ·via ~nv 
c~a°'6Aion 5nµ6oia~ ano5oxn~ ~wv µcAAoV'tiK<.Jv c~cAi~cwv ~ov ~oµta Kai ~nv 
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xcjpcc; ~n~ Kcv~piKn~ Kai Ava~oAiKnc; Eupc:mnc; Kai oc 5ic0vtc; cninc5o. 
Ava,opiK6 µc ~o 8€µa au~6, npcnci va 5o9ci i5iai~cpn npoooxn o~n 
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o~6xCJJV tpcuvac; icai t.cxvoAoviicn~ av6n~u~nc; o~ov ~oµta, c161K6u:pa o~o 
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266 
ISSN 0254-1483 
COM(94) 145 'tE~Ll:O 
Efl'PAtA 
GR 15 
ApL1'. r:a1a~6you: CB-C0-94-179-GR-C 
Ynnpia£a Enloinlcrt Ex16o£6lV t~v EUpc.>Raia.)v lotvoint.v 
L-2985 Luxembourg ISBN 92-77-67895-X ,L