EilITPOIIlI TQN EYPQIIAIKQN KOINOTHTQN 
IXEAIO KOM(90) 490 T£AtK6 
Bpu~EAA£~. 28 No£µ~piou 1990 
npaaavo BaPAlo yaa Koavn npootyyaan aTov Toµta 
twv 6opu,opaK~v EntKoavwva~v otnv EupwnalKn Koav6tnta 
AvaKolvwan tn~ Enatponn~ 

-2 -
IYNTOMH OAPOYIIAIH 
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aAAa Kpatn µtAn. To yeyov6t aut6 9ET£l op1oµtva npoPAnµata 0£ oxton IJE Tit 
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nspasx6'.tsva 
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II. 01 AOPYtoPIKEI EOIKOINONIEI ITHN EYPQOH .................................. 11 
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5.2 Ynnpe:ole:c;: an'e:uee:lac; pa610TnAe:onT1Kwv µe:Ta66oe:wv CDBS) •......... 44 
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1. rev l K£c; apx£c; .............................. ~ ......................... 83 
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2.4. K£VTPlKOI £WIY£l0l OTa9µo( eAtvxou yla Ta 6IKTUa 6opucpoplKWV 
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6taKp(OE:lt Kat 6taxwploµ6t TWV KaVOVtOTtKWV AEtTOUPYtWV Kat TWV 
AElTOUPYtWV EKµE:TaAAeuont ...................................... 101 
4.2. np6oPaon oTo 6uvaµtK6 Tou 61aoTnµtKou TµnµaToc ................. 102 
4.3. Ata6tKaOl£t OUVTOVlOµou µ£ TOUt At£8V£1t Opyavtoµouc 
TnA£1t'lKOtVWVtaKWV Aopu,6pwv .................................... 103 
4.4. Ka8optoµ6t TWV TtµoAoy(wv 0£ OUVaPTl'lOl'l µ£TO K6oToc ............ 105 
4.5. EµnoptKn £A£U8£p(a yta TOY EUTELSAT Kat napoxn 6uvaµtKOU 
6 t aOTllµ l KOU TµnµaTOt ........................................... 106 
4.6 ITa6taKn npoatyylon ............................................ 108 
5. Tunonolnon Kal eyKploett tunou .......•........•..........•.......... 110 
7. Pa6toTnAeonttKtt 6opu'°ptKtt unnpeolet ...•...............•.......... 114 
8 nep(Ancpn ............................................................ 117 
VI. nPOI MIA KOINH nPOIErrlIH ITON TOMEA TON 60PYtOPIKON EnlKOINONION ITHN 
KOINOTHTA: IYMnEPAIMATA KAI nPOTAIEII ................................... 120 
1. revlKa ouµnepaoµaTa nou nptne1 va An,eouv un64pn .......•............. 120 
2. npoTE t v6µ£V£t 8tO£ l C ..................................•............. 127 
3. MtTpa y1a TllV npoaywyn 6t£UpwnalKWV Ull'llPEOlWV ....................... 134 
4. ~~ovet 6paOllt vaa Tn 6nµtoupyla euvolKou neptPaAAovTot .............. 136 
rAnIIAPIO OPON 60PYtoPIKON EnlKOINONION ...................................... 140 
DlyaKqc 1 
O(yqKqC 2 
O(yqKQC 3 
O(yqKQC 4 
DlvaKat 5 
DIYaKat 6 
DAahug l MeToxtt entv6uonc nou KaTtxouv Ta KpaTn µtAn Tilt Kotv6TnTat 
Kal Ta ouµPaAA6µeva µtpn Tilt Kolv6tnTac oTouc opyavloµout 
INTELSAT, I NMARSAT Ka l EUTELSAT ................................ 16 
InµEp l va Ka l 1l'POPhn6µeva eupwna'iKa 1t'OA l Tl Ka 
6opuq>op l Ka ouoTnµaTa ............................................ 19 
Mn eupwna'iKo( 6opucp6pol 1l'OU XPl'lOlµ01t'OlOUVTal Yla TlC 
U1l'llP£01£C µ£ £UPW1t'a1Kn KaAucpn ........•.......................... 22 
Inµepav6 KaVOVtOTIK6 nAa(o10 TWV 6opu'°plKWV £1l'IKOIVWVIWV OTa 
KPaTn µtAn Tilt Ko1v6TnTat ....................................... 30 
oa 6opu'°plKtc £1l'lKolvwvl£t oTnv Eupwnn -IuvonT1Kn £lK6va ...... 57 
MtAll Tilt Ko1v6TnTat, Tilt EZEI, Tilt KEVTptKnt Kat AvaToA1Knt 
Eupwnnt Kat aAAwv £UPW1t'alKWV VElTOVIKWV XWPWV OTOUt KUp16T£POUC 
opyavaoµouc 6opu'°plKWV £1l'lKOIVWVlWV OTl'lV Eupwnn ................ 70 
nep(An«Pll TWV 1l'POT£lV6µ£VWV Stoewv .............................. 129 
-7 -
I. EIIArDrH 
0 Ka8op10µ6t OUVEKTIKnt £Upwna1Knt Stant OXETIKQ IJE Tit µEAAOVTIKE<: pu9µ(a£1t 
KOi Tl'lV avanTu~n TWV 6opucpop1KWV EWIKOIVWVIWV OTl'lV EupwnalKn Ko1v6T11Ta anoTtlEOE 
µ(a an6 Tit µ£yaAUTEPEt npOT£pa16T1'lTEt TOU npaa1vou B1Pllou 1987 OXETIKQ IJE Tl'lV 
avanTu~n Tl'lt KOIVftt ayopat TWV unnPEOIWV Kai TOU E:~onl1oµou OTOV Toµta TWV 
Tl1AE:n1Ko1vwv1wv Kai Tou aK6Aou9ou npoypaµµaTot 6paont y1a Tl'lV uAonolnan Tou 
oT6xou auTouC1)C2>. 
ITo ~n,1oµa Tou Tl'lt 30ftt louvlou 1988<3>, 6nou £YKPlvovTa1 01 yE:v1Kt<: apxtt Tou 
npaa1vou B1Pl(ou, TO Iuµpoul10 9£wpno£ 6t1 110 Ka8op10µ6t KOIVftt Stant 6oov acpopa 
Tit 6opu,op1Ktt £n1Ko1vwvl£t, outwt WOT£ to µtoo auT6 £n1Ko1vwvlat va µnopta£1 
va avantUX8E:( £Vt6t E:UVOlKOU nE:p1PallOVTOt Aaµpavoµtvwv un6c&»n TWV YE:VIKWV 
Kav6vwv AEITOUpy(a<; KOi EKIJETalleuont TWV 61KTUWV Ka8w<; Kai TWV Kav6vwv 
avTaywv I aµou Tl'lt ouv8ftKn<: KQ I TWV u, l OTOIJE:VWV 6 I £8vwv UWOXPEWoE:WV TWV KpaTWV 
µ£Awv" anOTE:AE( Ot6xo Tl'lt nol1t1Kftt Tl'llEWIKOlVWVIWV. 
o oT6xot tou nap6vtot E:yypa,ou e(va1 n auvtx1an Twv npoona8e1wv yaa Tl'lV 
ulonof nan tou at6xou auTou. 
To µ£yalUTE:PO µtpo<; Tl'lt Ol'llJEPIVftt KaVOVIOTlKftt Kai opyavWTIKftt 6oµftt Tnt Eupwnnt 
OTOV Toµta TWV 6opu,oplKWV E:WlKOIVWVlWV txe1 8£0WIOT£( an6 6£Ka£Tlat KOi nltov. 
Ev Tw µ£Ta~u, n eeaµaTtKn T£xvoloy1Kn np6o6ot 611µ1oupvno£ £vt£Aw<: vtE:<: 
npoonT I KE<: OXET I Ka µe Tl t XPftOE l <:, 0 I ono (Et ~E:WEPVOUV TO p6Ao TWV 6opucp6pwv 
OTlt 611µ6o1£t ~Vl'lTIKEt Tl'llE:~Vldt 61aP1PaOE:lt IJETa~u TWV Opyav1aµwv 
TnAEntKOlVWVIWV, y1a TOY ono(o E:(XE apxtKO OX£61aOTE:( auTft ., 6oµft. H Tnl£6paan 
µtow 6opucp6pwv npot TOUt aKpalout OTa8µout TWV Kalw61aKWV TnlEOWTIKWV 61KTUWV 
Ka 1 , np6o,ata, an' eu8£ (a<; OTO ypa,£ ( o 1<a t OT t <: Kato t K ( £<: anoT£l£ ( , nltov, 
anµavT t Kft £,apµoyft TWV 6opucp6pwv OTnv Eupwnn. H avanTu~n µ l l<PWV napaPol I KWV 
K£pa1wv, µ£ 61aµ£Tpo µ6vo 0,5-2,5 µhpwv, KaTallnAwv y1a 61a,op£t £,apµoyt<; 
XPl'lOTWV -OE OUYKPIOl'l IJE Tlt KE:pal£t 30 n£p(nou µtTpwv TWV napa6001aKWV £n(y£1WV 
oTa9µwv nou xpno1µono1ouvTa1 yta tnv un£paaT1Kn TflAE:~v(a Kat Tnv avTallayft 
Tl'llEOnt l KWV npoypaµµaTWV -txouv 611µ I oupyfta£ I EVTElWt vt£<: EUKa Ip (Et y I a Tl'lV 
TOX£la avanTu~n ouoTnµaTwv £upwna1Knt KllµaKat an6 Tout cpop£lt napoxn<: unnp£01wv 
-611µ6o1ou<; Kai 161wT11<ou<; -Ta ono(a txouv OX£6taot£( y1a va avtan0Kp18ouv OTtt 
£l61KEt avayKEt OUYKEl<PllJEVWV oµa6wv n£latWV. 
(1) npot µ(a 6uvaµ11<ft 01Kovoµ(a -npao1vo BtPAlo OXET&Ka µ£ TtW av~nnu~n Tnt 
KO l vftt ayopat TWV unnpE:O I WV Ka I TOU E~OnA l OIJOU OTOV toµ ta TWV 
T1'll£n11<01vwv1wv, COM{87) 290, 30.06.1987. 
(2) npot µ(a avTayWVIOTlKO KOIVOTlKO ayopa OTOV Toµta TWV TfllEWlKOlVWVlWV TO 
1992 -£,apµoyft TOU npaatvou B1PA(ou OXE:Tll<Q IJE: Tnv avanTu~n Tl'lt KOIVO<: 
ayopat TWV unnpEO l WV Ka l TOU E:~onA I oµou OTOV toµ ta TWV Tf"IAE:n I KO l vwv I WV, 
COM(88) 48, 09.02.1988. 
(3) •n,1oµa TOU Iuµpoul(ou Tl'lt 30ftt louv(ou OXETlKO IJE Tl'lV avanTU~fl Tl"lt KOIVftt 
ayopa.; TWV unnPEOlWV KQI TOU £~onA1aµou OTOV toµta TWV Tl'llEWlKOlVWVIWV Wt TO 
1992, EEC 257, 04.10.1988, a. 1. 
-8 -
Kan~ ouvt11£ la, ntpa a116 Tl<: 11apa600 l aKt<: £cpapµovt<: 11a116 Ol"llJ£ ( o 0£ 0111J£ ( 011 TWV 
6opuq>op l Kci>v £11 l KO l vwv l ci>v nou avt11Tu~av o l Opyav l 01.10 ( T11A£11 l KO l vwv l ci>v y la Tl"IV 
napoxn 6l£9vci>v Kal un£paot1Kci>v ~£U~£wv ota 11Aalo1a 61£8vci>v opyav&oµci>v nou £lxav 
apx l Ka i 6pu9£ ( y l ' auT6 TO OK01f6 -INTELSAT' I NMARSAT' EUTELSAT -op l oµtv£<: 
£VT£Aci><: vtec; £cpapµoyt<: txouv 0611yftO£l OTl"IV aV01fTU~ vtwv ~£XWPlOTci>V ayopci>v, 6nwt 
ta µov66poµa Ka& aµcp(6poµa ouotnµata upµat&Kci>v 11a116 011µ£(0 0£ 110Ha11Aa Ol"llJ£(a" 
1fOU e(val £~01fAl01Jtva IJE noAu IJlKPt<: K£pa(£<: (VSAT). Ta T£pµatlKa auta OUOTr'tlJata 
Kuµa l vovTa l an6 Al vet 6w6£Ka6e<: tw<: IJEP l KE<: x 1 Al a6£<: Ka l µ11opouv va y l vouv 
~WT l K6 OTO l XE [ 0 TWV £1( l xe l PnlJaT l Kci>v £1( l KO l vwv l ci>v 0£ £UPWtta"iKn KA ( µaKa. M£Ta~u 
TWV 61acp6pwv aAAwv E:q>apµoyci>v 0UIJ1f£plAaµpavovtal Ta OUOTftµata OUYK£VTPWOl"lt 
e16noewv µtow 6opucp6pou CSNG) -6nAa6r't Tl"I<: ouyKtvtpcoont £t6noewv Kat 6£6oµtvwv 
an6 ttoAAa onµela -Ta ono(a attoKtouv t6talt£Pl"I on1.1ao(a ota 11Aalota twv 
6paotnp10Tr'ttwv svnµtpwon<: Kat 1.1ua6oonc; oe eupw11a·c1<r't 1<A(µa1<a, 1<a8ci><: 1<a1 ot 
an'£U9£lat 6opuq>op11<t<: tnAeo11Tt1<t<: µsta660£lt Oto 011lt1. 
napaHnAa' au~av£ l 0 ap l 9µ6<: TWV 6opuq>0p l 1<ci>v OUOTl"llJaTWV nou As l TOUPYOUV OTl"IV 
Eupci>nn -0£ 6t£9vn, £8vtKr't Kat, 0£ op1oµtvo Pa8µ6, 161wT1Kr't Paon. Aut6 oq>£(AeTal 
OTlc; notKlAet vt£<: eq>apµoytc; 01 onole<: antxouv 110Au a116 Tl"I 8sci>p11011 nou loxu£ OTO 
11ap£A86v OX£TlKa µ£Tl<: 6opuq>optKt<: £1flKOlVWVl£t 6tl, 611Aa6n, anotsAouv np6o9£TO 
OUOTl"llJa 61ap(pao11<: IJE:Ta~u TWV £8VlKci>v T1"1A£cpwVl1<ci>v OUOT1"11Jatwv. 
noT600, µ6vo n 1fP00£KTlKO £1faV£~£tao11 TWV lOXU6VTWV KaVOVlOTll<WV 1f£PlOPlOµci>v -
o l 0110 ( o l £ ( xav apx l Ka oxs61 aotc I u116 61aq>0peTl1<t<: ouv8r'tK£c; Ka l v 1 a anout 
OK01fOUt -µ11op£( va £1flTPE~£l Tl"IV 11payµato11ol11011 TWV vtwv U1fl"IP£0lWV Kal ayopci>v 
OTl"IV Eupci>1111. 
Op1oµtva Kpatn µtAn txouv avayvwplo£l Tl"I Pa8£la aAAavn nou £111q>tps1 ot•<: 
ouv9nK£t tl"I<: ayopa<: o 110AAa11Aao1aoµ6<: twv 6uvatci>v xpfto£wv Kal txouv apxlo£l va 
e11ave~£TO~OUV µe 611<r't Touc; ttpwtoPouA(a TO lOXUOV KaVOVlOTlK6 11Aa(o10, 
KaTapyci>vta<: 11ep1op1oµouc; oxsttKa µ£ Tl"I xpfton, 01 0110(01 ea µnopouoav va 
eµ1106(oouv Tl"IV 1fAOPl"I avattTU~l"I TWV vtwv U1fl"IP£0lWV Kal OUOTl"llJOTWV. 
rto npaOlVO Btf3A(o OX£TlKa µ£ Tl"IV ava1fTU~l"I Tilt KOlvft<: ayopa<: TWV U1fl"IP£0lWV Kal 
TOU £~01fAlOIJOU OTOV Toµ£a TWV Tl1A£1flKOlVWVlci>V, 11 avaAUOl"I TOU toµta TWV 
6opuq>op1Kci>v e111Ko1vwv1ci>v elxs 11apa11sµq>9£( os µstayevtot£Pl"I £~ttaon. H ouva(vson 
nou txs1 stttTsuxesl µs Paon To npao1vo B•PAlo Kat t•<: 110A1TtKt<: a11oq>aos1<: nou 
aKoAouenoav, 161a(Tepa Kata To ru1.1f3ouAto TnA£1111<01vwv1ci>v tile; 7n<: ll£Keµf3plou 
1989, 6oov acpopa TO Y£VlK6 µ£AAOVTlK6 KaVOVlOTlK6 11Aa(OlO TOU Toµta TWV 
Tl1A£11tK01vwv1ci>v otnv Eupw11a"i1<n Ko1v6t11ta, µnope( Tci>pa va anoteAtost tn f3aon v•a 
TOV Ka9op10µ6 KOlVftc; 8tonc; OX£TlKa IJE Tlc; pu8µ(0£lc; OTOV Toµta TWV 6opucpoplKWV 
£111 Ko' vwv 1 ci>v. M' a 11ap6µ0' a Kol vr't 8£011, svci> ea 6' aq>uAaooe 1 ta anoKAe 'ot 'Ka n 
£ 16 l Ka 6' Ka l ci>µaTa ltOU £KXWPOUV Ta KpaTl"I µ£An OTouc; Opyav l oµouc; T11A£1f l KO' vwv l ci>v 
OUIJq>WVa IJE TO KOlVOTlK6 6(KalO KGl Tl<: 0611y(ec; OX£TlKa IJE TOV aVTGYWVl0µ6 OTlc; 
ayoptc; TWV T11A£1flKOlVWVlaKci>v T£pµatlKWV £~011A1oµci>v KGl TWV U1fl"IP£Olci>vC4)(5) 
np£11£1 va Aaµf3av£l 6£6vtwc; u116~11 6x1 µ6vov Tl"IV a11alT11on va XPno1µ01101n8sl "AnPfll' 
(4) 06nvla 
ayoptc; 
73. 
(5) 06nvla 
ayoptc; 
o. 10. Tilt En l Tponnt T'lt 161"1t Matou 1988 OX£T l Ka µ£ Tov avTaywv l oµ6 ot' <: 
TflA£1flKOlVWVla1<ci>v tspµaTlKci>V (88/301/EOK), EE L 131, 27.05.1988, o. 
Tilt E111Tpo11nt Tilt 2811<: louvlou 1990 OX£TlKa µ£ Tov avTaywvtoµ6 Otte; 
TWV T'lh1f l l<O l vwv l a1<ci>v U1fl"IP£0 l ci>v 90/388/EOK, EE L 192, 24. 07. 1990, 
-9 -
TO 6uvaµ&K6 TWV 6opuqt<>plKWV £UlKOlVWVlWV yaa tnv avautu~n uunp£OlWV 0£ 
£upwuaaKn KAlµaKa £v6q.£& tnc; £v&alac; ayopac; tou 1992, aAAa Ka& tn vta nue&pwtaKn 
6aaotaon UOU txea 6nµ&oupyn9e( µ£ Tlc; £~£Al~£lc; UOU eunA9av otnv K£VTptKn Kat 
AvatoAtKn Eupwun. H Koavn autn 8ton uptu£t, eulonc;, va Aaµpav£l uu6q.n tnv avayKn 
Katapvnonc; twv u£p a op a oµwv £K£ l vwv uou uap£µuo6 I touv t t c; vtec; audc; 
6paotnpa6tntec; Kat va 6nµaoupynoea euvo1K6 uAaloao yta tac; 6paotnpt6tnt£c; auttc;, 
Ka9wc; Kat tnv OVOYKn UUOOtnpt~nc; tnc; Stone; Tnc; Eupwunc; OTOV Toµ£a TOU 
6taOTnµaToc; KOl TWV OT6XWV Tnc; KOtvnc; UOAltlKnc; TOU OUTlKOOKOUOTlKOU Toµ£a(8). 
tva upwTo Pnµa upoc; tnv KaTeueuvon tnc; uAnpcuc; xPnonc; Tou 6uvaµaKou Twv 
6opuqt<>plKWV £UlKOlVWVlWV ty&V£ µe Tnv KaTapynon TWV auoKA£l0TtKWV Kat £l6lKWV 
6lKOtWµOTWV OX£TlKQ µa Tnv £lOaywyn, eµuopaKn 6aa8eon, OUV6eon, 9ton 0£ 
Aettoupyla Kaa/n ouvtnpnon Twv eulyeawv 6opuqt0p&Kwv oTa8µwv µ6vo An,nc; uou 6ev 
ouv6tovTal µa TO 6nµ6oao 61KTUO, OTO da(oaa Tnc; deuetpwonc; TOU KOlVOTlKOU 
toµta T£pµaTlKWV e~ouAaoµwvC7). EKTlµOTal 6tt onµepa e(vat n KaTaAAnAn OTtyµn 
va eueKta9el n apxn Twv ouµcpwvnµ£vwv apxwv tnc; Koavnc; uoAtTtKnc; tnAeuaKoavwv&wv 
OTtc; 6opuqt0ptK£c; eutKoavwvlec;, 01 ouo(ec; elvaa: 
n eAeu8tpwon Tnc; xpnonc;, Aaµpavoµtvnc; Taut6xpova uu6q.n Tnc; uAouolnonc; 
KQVOVlOTlKWV 6aaocpaA(oewv µ£ow KataAAnAwv OUOTnµaTWV tyKpaonc; TUUOU KQl 
EK6oonc; a6£ l WV, ouµcpwva µ£ TO KO l VOT l K6 6 (Ka l 0 Ka l , t 6 (we;, TOUc; Kav6vec; 
avtaywvtoµou• 
0 61axwp10µ6c; TWV KQVOVlOTlKWV apµo6aotnTWV KQl TWV apµo6totnTWV 
eKµetaAAeuonc;, £toa Wot£ va auocpeuxeouv ouyKpouoetc; ouµcpep6vTwv• 
n ecpapµovn µ£tpwv evapµ6v 'one;, ecp6oov aua a touvta a v a a tn 61 aocpaA a on tnc; 
auoTeAeoµaTtKnc; Aeatoupylac; twv eupwua1Kwv ayopwv uunpeotwv Kat e~ouAaoµou. 
Me paon Ttc; oKt,eac; auTtc;, upotelvetaa ota6taKn upoo£vvaon OTO KecpaAaao VI, µa 
Ot6xo tnv eu(Teu~n OUV£KTlKnc; KOtvnc; uoAtTlKnc; 6opuqt<>plKWV £UlKOlVWVlWV: 
1. Eu(Teu~n ouµcpwvlac; 6oov aqt<>pa Tac; PaoaKtc; upoTetv6µevec; etoe&c;, 01 ouolec; 
ecpapµ6touv T' c; upoavacpep6µevec; yev a de; apxtc; OTOV Toµta Twv 6opuqt<>p' Kwv 
£UlKOlVWVlWV• 
2. AvaAn'n oeapac; µttpwv oe Ko&voTtK6 eulue6o, Ta ouola txouv we; ot6xo, µe paon 
tac; upoTetv6µevec; 8£oeac;, va 6aaocpaAloouv Tnv auoTdeoµaT&Kn uapoxn Kat 
xpnon uunpeo&wv oe eupwuaYKn KAlµaKa• 
(6) AvaKolvwon tnc; Euatpounc; oTo IuµPouAao Kat To KoavoPouAao vaa tnv noA&T&Kn 
TOU OUTlKOQKOUOTlKOU Toµta, COM(90) 78, 21.02.1990. 
(7) 06nv I a tnc; Eu' tpounc; tnc; 1enc; Matou 1988 ox et' Ka µe tov avtaywv 'oµ6 ot' c; 
ayoptc; tnAeUlKOlVWVlQKWV T£plJOTlKWV (88/301/EOK), EEL 131, 27.05.1988. 
-10 -
3. AvaA11cp11 0£ a pa~ a~6vwv 6pao11~ ho a Wot£ va 611~u oupy118£ l £uvo·cK6 tt£P a PaAAov 
yaa tat 6paotnpa6tntet aut£t, a6lwt 6oov acpopa Tl~ OX£TlK£~ 6a£8v£(~ 
6£oµ£uo£at twv Kpatwv µEAwv Ka9wt Kal tnv tuttowolnon Kat tnv wpoavwvn tnt 
ttA~pou~ XP~Ol'lt TWV TEXVOAoyawv 6opucp6pwv 1tPOt 6,EAOt TOU £Upcowa1KOU 
ouotnµato~ £1tlKOlVWVlWV. 
-11 -
I I • 0 I AOPY.c>P I KEI En I KO I NaN I EI ITHN EYPDllH 
1. rsv1K6 wlalo10 
APXlKa, Ol Tl'lAEnlKOlVWVlQKO( 6opu,6pot e(xav OX£6taot£( yta Tl'lV £6pa(won Kat 
PeAtlwon twv 6te9vwv entKotvwvtwv· autn ouvexf~et va efvat 11 Kup16tep11 
e,apµovn tou<:. Ae6oµtvou 6tt 01 6opu'°ptK£<: 6£0µ£<: 6ev µnopouv va 
6taµop~9ouv £tot Wot£ va napaKoAoueouv µe aKplPeta ta e9vtKa ouvopa, aK6µ11 
Kl 6tav ot 6opu'6pot XPl'lOtµonotouvtat yta tt<: e8v1Kt, unnpeol£<:, 01 
pu9µ(0£l<: TWV 6opu,optKWV £WlKOlVWVlWV, Ka9w<: KQl 0 OUVTOVl0µ6<: TWV 
ouxvotntwv nou xp1101µono1ouv 01 6opu,6pot auto( ~£nepvouv to n£6fo £,apµovn<: 
TWV £9VlKWV voµo9£TlKWV n 6tOlKl'lTlKWV OUOTl'lµQTWV. 
Ol ~WYE<: ouxvotntwv TWV 6opu'°plKWV UWl'lPEOlWV 6tat(9£Ytal an6 Tl'lV nayK6oµta 
ruv6taOKE'i'l'l TWV AlOtKnoewv Pa6tO£WlKOlVWVlWV (WARC) Kat Tl<: n£pl,£P£lQKE<: 
ruv6taOKE'i'£l<: TWV AlOtKnoewv Pa6tO£WlKOIVWVIWV (RARC). H A1£9vn<: En1tponn 
Kataypa,n<: ruxvotntwv c 1 FRB >, 6pyavo tn<: A 1 eevou<: 'Evwon<: Tnhn 1 Ko a vwv 1 wv 
(ITU), OUVTOV(~El KOi 61axe1p(~£TQI tn XPnon TWY ouxvotntwv OTI<: ~WV£<: autt<: 
t6oo OTO 61eevt<: nAa(o10 6oo KOi OTO nAa(oto TWV KpaTWV µ£AWV Tl'l<: 
Ko1v6t11ta<:. r1a Tl'l 61a8£01'1 TWY ouxvotntwv µtoe.. Tl'l<: WARC KOi TWV RARC, 01 
noA1t1Kt<: 6opu,op1K£<: unnp£ol£<: Katavtµovta1 Kup(w<: oe ota9ept<: unnpeole<:, 
K1v11t£<: unnp£ole<:, pa61ot11Aeont1Kt<: unnpeole<: Kai unnpeole<: pa610£vton1oµou. 
H Katavoµn autn, Tl'lV EWOXn nou apx I 0£ va E,apµ6~£Ta l , avtavaKAOUOE TO 
yeyov6<: 6t1 01 61a,ope<: unnpeole<: naptxovtav an6 61a'°pet1Kou<: opyavaoµou<:: 
o 1 ota9ept<: unnpeo ( £<: an6 tou<: opyav 1 oµou<: tnAen 1Ko1vwv1 wv, o 1 K 1 vntt<: 
unnpeof £<: an6 Tl<: 61£8V£(<: KOIVOnpa~(E<: KOi 01 pa6totnAeontlKE<: UWl'lPEOl£<: 
an6 TOU<: pa6totnA£0WTlKOU<: '°p£(<: (av Kat, ouxva, µtow TWV £n(y£lWV OTa9µwv 
nou £Kµ£taAA£UOVTQl 01 opyavtoµo( Tl1A£WlKOlVWYIWV). 
Ot Katnyopf e<: autt<: txouv Ka9opao9e( npo noAAou otov Kavov10µ6 
Pa6tO£WlKOlVWVlWV Tl'l<: At£9VOU<: 'EYCl>Ol'l<: TnAentKOIYWVlWV KQl KaAouvtal ota9£PE<: 
6opu,op1Kt<; unnpeole<: (Flxed-Satel 1 lte Services FSS), 6opu'°ptKt<: 
pa61ot11AeonttKt<: unnpeole<: (Broadcasting-Sate! I lte Services -BSS), KlVl'ltt<: 
6opu'°ptkt<: unnpeole<: (Mobl le-Satel I lte Services -MSS) Kaa 6opu'°ptkt<: 
unnpeole<: pa61oevton1oµou (Radlodetermlnatlon-Satel I lte Services -ROSS) 
<PAtnE yAwooapto). not6oo, un6 tnv en(6paon tn<: taxela<: texvoAoyaKn<: 
avantU~l'l<:, ta 6pta µE:ta~u TWV 6ta'°p£TlKWV aUTWV UWl'lP£0lWY, WOU ntav oa,n 
otnv apxn, t£f vouv va e~a,avto9ouv oe ouvexw<: au~av6µevo Pa9µ6, yta 
napa6£ t yµa 1J£ta~u twv ota9epwv 6opu,op t Kwv unnpeo t wv Kat twv 6opu'°p t Kwv 
pa6totnA£0WTlKWV UWl'lP£0lWY, KQl IJETa~u TWV KlVl'lTWY 6opu'°plKWV unnp£OlWV Kat 
twv 6opu,optKwv unnpeotwv pa61oevton1oµou CPAtne Ke,aAato I II). 
-12 -
ITO 6l£9VE~ £ttltt£60, fl YEVlKn avattTU~f'I TWV 6opucpoplKWV EttlKOlVWVlWV 
xapaKTflp(a9nK£ an6 Tf'IV (6puon TOU INTELSAT, Al£9VOUt Opyavaoµou 
TnAEttlKOtVWVtaKWV Aopucp6pwv, TOU INMARSAT, Al£9VOUt Opyavaoµou NaUTlAlaKWV 
Aopucp6pwv Ka l TOU EUTELSAT' Eupwna·iKOU Opyav l oµou TnAEn l KO l vwv l aKWV 
Aopucp6pwv. 
1.1 INTELSAT KQl INMARSAT 
0 INTELSAT, 0 Al£9vn~ Opyavaoµ6t TnAEttlKOlVWVlaKWV Aopucp6pwv, 6nµaoupyn9nK£ 
To 1964 an6 11 xwP£t. InµEpa, ap18µ£( 119 µtAn Kaa naptx£1 6a£9v£lt 
unnp£ol£~ Tf'IA£,wvlac;, 6£6oµtvwv Kaa plvTEO (an6 onµElo OE onµE(o) Ka9wt Kat, 
OE opaoµtv£t n£panTci»a£tc;, TnhonTaKtt unnp£ol£t oTn twvn ouxvoTnTwv Tnt 
OTa9£Pnt 6opu,op1Knt unnp£olat (FSS). To KaTaOTaTlK6 TOU INTELSAT anoT£A£( 
6aaKUP£PVnTaKn ouµpaon nou ouvn,en TO 1973, Tf'I ouµcpwv(a INTELSAT, Tf'IV ono(a 
txouv unoypa~£1 01 KUP£Pvno£1~ µtAn Tou opyavaoµou auTou. H auµcpwvla auTn 
ouµnAnpwv£Taa µ£ ouµcpwvla £Kµ£TaAAEuont, n onola tx£1 unoypa,£( Kuplwt an6 
TOU~ opyav l oµout Tf'IA£m KO l vwv l WV TWV KpaTWV µEAwv nou 6p l oav 0 l £9V l KEt 
KUP£pvno£at<8>. 
AuvaµEl Tf'lt ouµcpwvlat INTELSAT, Ol £8VlKEt ouµPaAA6µ£V£t KUP£PVnO£lt 
avaAaµpavouv, µ£Ta~u aAAwv, va µn 6nµ1oupynoouv, ayopaoouv n XPno1µono1noouv 
aHa 6l£9vn 6opU,OPlKa OUOTnµaTa XWPlt (a) Va npopouv 0£ 11T£XVlK6 
OUVTOVtoµ6" µ£ TO OUOTnµa INTELSAT WaT£ va ano,uyouv Ttt aµo1Pal£t 
£n£µPaa£1t, Kaa <P> va ano6£l~ouv 6Ta Ta xwptoTa ouoTnµaTa Kat 01 unnp£ol£t 
UOU 8a 6nµaoupyn8ouv 6£V OUV£nayovTal 110lKOV0µ1Kn tnµ(a" yaa TOV INTELSAT (fl 
YVWOTn Wt 6ta61Kao(a TOU ap9pou XIV). H 6£UT£Pf'I auTn 6aaTa~n OKOtt6 EX£l va 
n£p1oplo£1 Tov avTaywvaoµ6 an6 Ta xwp10Ta ouoTnµaTa Kat unnp£ol£t nou o 
INTELSAT 9£Wp£( 6Tl attOTEAouv 6uvnTaKn an£1An yaa Ta too6a TOU. 
0 KUKAOt £pyaoawv TOU INTELSAT TO 1989 aV£PX6Tav 0£ 480 £KaToµµupta ECU. 
OAa Ta KpaTn µtAn Tnt Ko1v6Tntat £(Val µtAn TOU INTELSAT. Tnv 1n Mapt(ou 
1990' TO UOOOOT6 nou KaT£ ( xav Ta KpaTn µtAn tnt Ko' v6tnTat OTOV INTELSAT 
aVTlOTOlXOU0£ 0£ 28,2X. 
c 8 > Op' oµtva KpaTn µE:An txouv 6nµ 'oupyno£' £ 1 61 Kou~ opyav 'oµout y 1 a va ta 
aVTlUPOOWUEUOUV Wt ouµpaAA6µ£va µtpn OTOU~ 6t£8V£lt opyavaoµout 6opu,6pwv: 
COMSAT yaa TIC Hvwµtvec noAlTElEC Kat TELESPAZIO Yla Tnv ITaA(a. 
-13 -
H rt ouyKoo).a(U a Kat 11 Pouµav (a, Ta µova6 t Ka µ£).11 Tl'l<: AvaToA t K~<: Eupclnr11<:, 
Kattxouv 1tOOOOT6 0,20X Kat 0,05X avT(OTOlXG, EV' TO 1tOOOOT6 TWV un6AolttWV 
supwna·(Kci>v xwpci>v avT t npoawnEuE' a, 4X. Ooov acpopa trlV napoxn Twv 011µEp a vci>v 
6opucp6pwv yta TO ouoTnµa, ot Eupwna(ot KaTaoKsuaoTt<: 6Ev KaTa•spav ttoTt va 
y(vouv Kuptot ouµ(3a).).6µEvoa onotao6nnoT£ osapac 6opucp6pwv INTELSAT, ttap'6Tt 
0 l supwnaIKtc £Ta l PE (EC £ (val unspyoAaf,Jo l TWV aµsp I Kavfi>v KaTaOK£UaOTWV' 
t6(wt OTl'l 0£tpa INTELSAT VII ttOU avattTUOOSTal Tl'l OTtyµn auTn. 
0 INMARSAT, 0 Al£9vnc Opyav10µ6t NauttAlaKWV Aopu96pwv, 16pu811K£ TO 1979 µE 
61aKuf,Jspv11T1Kt'I ouµ9wv(a. o opyavaoµ6c auT6c ap18µsl ot'lµspa 61 KPOTl'l µtA11. H 
EKµsraAAsuon Tou s£ao9aA(~eTa1 aw6 ta ouµf3a).A6µsva µtp11 (Tout opyavaoµout 
TnAena KOi vwv awvC9)) 1tOU houv op ( 0£ l ta KPOTl'l µtAn. 01 TP01t01t0l nos l c 1tOU 
txouv swtA9sa ornv apxaKt'l ouµf,Jao11 INMARSAT enaTptttouv oTov opyavaoµ6 aur6 va 
£Kµ£TaH£U£Tat TIC KlVl'ldc U1t11PEO(£C £11pac Kat TIC aspovauTtKtc Ktvndc 
uw11pEolsc, ntpa an6 TlC Ktv11Ttc vauTaAaaKtc unnpsolsc nou AstToupyouv 6Asc 
otn ~wvn ouxvott'ltwv rwv K1vntwv 6opu9op1Kwv unnpsoawv CMSS), yupw ota 
1,5-1,6 GHz, tn ~wvn L. 
To 1989, 0 KUKAot spyaotWV TOU INMARSAT avspx6TaV 0£ 98,4X £Katoµµupta ECU. 
Ms s£a(pson Tnv lpAav61a Kat ro Aou£sµPoupyo, 6Aa ta Kpatn µtAn Tl'lC 
Kotv6T11rac s(vat µtAn Tou INMARSAT. Ta supwna1Ka Kpatn £xouv ouµ(3aAst 
om.1avT' KO oTnv avontu£11 Tilt uunpeo ( ac autt'lt: ta supwtta"l1<a KPOTfl Kattxouv 
1t£P ( nou TO 52% TWV IJETOXcOV TOU I NMARSAT. 0 l µETOX tc £1ftV6UOllC TWV KPaTci>v 
µsAwv Tilt; Ko1v6T1lTat; aVTlttPOOWttEUOUV ouvoAtKa 1f£p(nou 34X. Ot 6opucp6pot 
MARECS, nou txouv avanTuxesl an6 Tl'lV EupwnaIKt'l Ynnpso(a AtaoTt'lµaToc CEYA), 
0£ ouvepyao(a IJE Tl'lV eupwua·iKt'I PIOIJllxav(a, XPllOllJOttOlOUVtat onµEpa att6 TOV 
INMARSAT (O tvac we KUPlOt 6opucp6pot; yta TllV ttEptoxn TOU ATAaVTlKOU nKEavou, 
£Vci> o oHot; WC £9£6p l K6t; 6opu96pot; OTOV El PllV l K6). Etr t trAtov, 11 Brit I Sh 
Aerospace 6tEu9uvst TllV Koavottpa£(a nou KaTao1<euo~£t touc 6opucp6pouc 
INMARSAT 6£UT£P11C Y£V£Ot;, Ol ono(oa npoPAett£Tal va T£9ouv 0£ AElTOUpy(a TO 
1990. rsv t 1<0, n ouvoA t Kt'l eupwna"lKt'I pa oµnxav t Kt'I ouµµeroxn orn ouµpaon auTt'l 
avtt1tPOOCl>1t£U£l ttep(nou 60X. ITlC apxtc OKTca>fJp(ou 1989, 0 INMARSAT npoKnpu££ 
np6o1<Anon yta rnv uttoPoAn npoo9opci>v an6 Tl'l (3aoµnxav(a yta touc 6opucp6pouc 
tplTnc ysveoc, ot onolot ea ttptwet va slvat 6aa9£oaµot To 1993. 
(9) BAtns (8). 
-14 -
1.2 EUTELSAT 
0 EUTELSAT' 0 Eupwua·( K6( Opyav l OIJ6( TllhTr l KO l vwv l QKWV Aopucp6pwv' £ (val 
6 t QKUP£PVl1T t K6( opyav t OIJ6( OTOV OTrO ( 0 OUIJIJ£TEXOUV 28 £UPWTra°lKt( XWP£( Kat 
Kuplwt 6Aa ta Kpatn µ£Ari tilt Eupwna°lKnt Iuv6taoK£cpfl( twv Ato1Knoewv 
Taxu6poµ£ (WV Ka l TriA£Tr I KO I vwv I WV: Tfl( CEPT. Td£Uta (a' ,, noAwv (a Kat ,, 
Pouµavla £y1vav µ£An tou EUTELSAT evw ouv£xl~ouv va 61£~avovta1 ou~ntnoett 
Kat µ£ aAAa Kpatn Tilt AvatoA1Kn( EUPWTrfl(. 
0 EUTELSAT waptxet KOi £KIJ£TaAA£U£Tat TllA£TrlKOIVWVtaKOU( 6opucp6pou<; y1a Tl( 
uwnpeolec tnAe,wvlac, 6e6oµ£vwv Kat PlvT£o oTnv Eupwwn, OTl'l ~wvn ouxvoTnTwv 
TWV Ota9£pwv 6opu,optKWV UTrllP£0lWV (FSS). To OUOTlllJO EUTELSAT txet uwoPAn9£( 
OTl'l 6ta6tKao(a ouvTov1oµou wou wep1ypa,eta1 wapawavw, µ£ tnv owo(a £xe1, 
ewoµtv~,, awo6e1xeel 6Tt To ouotnµa auT6 6ev ouv£wayeTat oopapn otKovoµtKn 
~nµ(a yta TOY INTELSAT. Ew1wA£ov, TO ap9po XVI Tll( ouµpaonc EUTELSAT 
wpo(3AETr£t T£XVlK6 OUVTOVtoµ6 Ka9W( Kat OUVTOVl0µ6 y1a TflV wp6Ancpn 
110lKOVOIJlKn( ~nµ(a(", wap6µ010 µ£ Tl( 6tata~£1( TOU ap9pou XIV Tfl( ouµpaon<; 
INTELSAT y1a Ta 6opucpoptKa ouoTnµaTa wou waptxouv uwnpeolet otnv Eupwwn. 
Evw O OKOTr6( TOU EUTELSAT nTav OPXtKa 11 wapoxn 6t£9vwv TllA£~VtKWV UTrllP&OlWV 
aTnv Eupwwn, n uwnpsola auTn Ka9uoTtpnae va £'apµoa9£1 A6yw, KaT'apxat, Tilt 
uwap~n( £KT£Taµtvwv £TrlY£lWV µtKPOKuµaTtKWV 6tKTUWV Kat, OTl'l OUVEX£la, A6yw 
Tll( OUV£XW( au~av6µ£Vfl( 6ta8£0fl( TOU KaAw6(ou OTrTtKWV lVWV. E~aAAou, EX£l 
avanTuxeel onµavTtKn ayopa vta tnv TnAsonTtKn 61avo1-1n oTn ~wvn ouxvoTnTwv 
FSS µaAAov wapa Ott( ouxv6TflT£( TrOU txouv OPI08£( y1a Tl( pa6lOTflA£0TrTlKE( 
IJ£Ta660£l(. Inµepa, TO 75% Tr£p(wou TWV ea66wv TOU EUTELSAT TrPOEPX&Tat aw6 
TflV TllA£0TrTtKn 6tavoµn. 
Ta µtAn TOU EUTELSAT £(Vat Kup(w<; Ot £9VlKO( Opyavtoµo( TriA£TrlKOlVWVIWV(10) 
wou txouv opto9e[ yevtKa aw6 ta KpaTn µtAn we ouµPaAA6µeva µtpn Tilt 
auµ,wvla<; £Kµ&TaAAeuonc. Auvaµ&1 tilt auµ,wvlat auTnt, o EUTELSAT µwop&[ µ6vo 
va µ108wve1 To 61aotnµtK6 Tµftµa ota uwoypa,ovTa µtpn. Me e~a[peon TllV 
Eupwwa°lKn 'Evwon Pa61o~vlat CEBU), ot uw6Ao1wot opyav10µ0( wou ew18uµouv va 
611µ1oupynoouv 6opu,optKn uwnp&ola µtow tou 61aotnµ1Kou tµnµaTot tou EUTELSAT 
o'e l Aouv va ayopaoouv To tµnµa aut6 aw6 to ouµpaH6µ£vo µtpo<; Tilt xwpa<; 
TOU(. 
To 1989, 0 KUKAO( gpyaotwv TOU EUTELSAT QV£PX6Tav 0£ 100 £KaToµµupta ECU. 
(10) rta op1oµtvec µ1Kp6T£P£C TplT£( xwpe<;, ouµpaAA6µeva µtpn elvat ot 
KuPepvnoet(, 6wwc to M6vaxo, to BaT1Kav6, to AtXT£VOTa1v, o ~y10<; Mapf voc 
Kat n MaATa. BAtwe uwoonµ£1won (8) oxet1Ka µ£ tnv ITaAfa. 
-15 -
OAa Ta KpaTn µtAn Tnt Ko1v6TnTa<; £fva1 µtAn TOU EUTELSAT. 01 tJ£TOXEt 
£ntv6uont nou KaTtxouv avT1npoocon£uouv ouvoA1Ka 881. Ta aAAa 15 unoypa,ovTa 
µtpn TOU EUTELSAT £Atvxouv TO un6Ao1no 121 TWV tJ£TOXWV £ntv6uon<;. Onw<; Kai 
OTOU<; aAAou<; 6uo opyav l OIJOUt, Ka9£ XP6VO, o l tJETOXEt OTJ'IV sn£v6uon ava 
ouµPaAA6µsvo µtpot unoAoyf~ovTa1 µ£ Paon To nooooT6 Kf vnont ava 6opu'6po. Ot 
6opu'6po1 6£UT£Pflt Y£V£0t nou npoop(~OVTal y1a TOV EUTELSAT avanTUOOOVTal 
OntJ£pa an6 £Upwna1Kn KOIVOnpa~(a, OTO nAa(OtO Tflt onofat fl Aerospatlal £(Val 
0 KUPIOt ouµpaAA6µ£VOt. 0 npwtot an6 TOU<; 6opu'6pout aUTOUt £KTO~£u9nK£ µe 
enaTuxla tov AuyouoTo 1990. 
ITOV wlyqKq 1 OUVO'l'f~OVTOI Ol £Upwna·iKEt tJETOXEt entv6uont KOi ta 
ouµpaAA6µeva µtpn Tf'lt Koav6TnTat nou txouv unoypa'i'£• Tit ouµcpc.»v(e<;. 
2 
3 
4 
5 Figure 1 
Shareholding of Community Member States and Community 
Signatories in INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and EUTELSAT 
ORGANISATION INTELSAT INMARSAT EUTELSAT 
IN- IN-
MEMBER STATES SIGNATORY 1 VEST- SIGNATORY 1 VEST- SIGNATORY 1 
MENT MENT 
BELGIUM REGIE DES 0.66 REGIE DES 0.74 REGIE DES 
TELEGRAPHES TELEGRAPHES TELEGRAPHES 
ET TELEPHONES ET TELEPHONES ET TELEPHONES 
CRTT) CRTT) CRTT) 
DENMARK GENERALDIREKTORATET2 0.65 GENERALDIREKTORATET2 2.55 GENERALDIREKTORATET2 
FOR POST-OG FOR POST-OG FOR POST-OG 
TELEGRAFVAESNET TELEGRAEVSNET TELEGRAVAESNET 
FRANCE FRANCE TELECOM 4.41 FRANCE TELECOM 4.23 FRANCE TELECOM 
GERMANY DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST 3.50 DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST 2.43 DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST 
TELEKOM TELEKOM TELEKOM 
GREECE HELLENIC TELE- 0.50 HELLENIC TELE- 2.93 HELLENIC TELE-
COMMUNICATIONS OR- COMMUNICATIONS OR- COMMUNICATIONS OR-
GANISATION COTE) GANISATION COTE) GANISATION COTE) 
IRELAND3 TELECOM EIREANN 0.13 - -TELECOM EIREANN 
ITALY TELESPAZIO 2.10 TELESPAZIO 2.15 TELESPAZIO 
LUXEMBOURG4 ADMINISTRATION 0.05 - -ADMINISTRATION 
DES P & T DES P& T 
NETHERLANDS PTT Nederland NV 1.14 PTT Nederland NV 2.55 PTT Nederland NV 
PORTUGAL COMPANHIA PORTU- 0.60 COMPANHIA PORTU- 0.27 COMPANHIA PORTU-
GUESA RADIO GUESA RADIO GUESA RADIO 
MARCONI MARCONI MARCONI 
SPAIN TELEFONICA 2.22 TELEFONICA 2.00 TELEFONICA 
UNITED BRITISH TELE- 12.24 BRITISH TELE- 13.81 BRITISH TELE-
KINGDOM COMMUNICATIONS PLCS COMMUNICATIONS PLCS COMMUNICATIONS PLCS 
TOTAL MEMBER STATES 28.20 33.66 
INVESTMENT SHARE % % 
The Convention is an inter-governmental agreement. However, member states have designated the 
organisations indicated as signatories to the Operating Agreement on their behalf. 
Telecom Denmark.controls the availability of space segment capacity for telecommunications purposes. 
Ireland is not a member of INMARSAT. 
Luxembourg is not a member ofINMARSAT. IN-
VEST· 
MENT 
3.54 
2.13 
13.36 
12.95 
0.05 
0.05 
8.29 
3.69 
3.84 
1. 12 
22.09 
16.90 
88.01 
% 
A signatories affairs office has been created as a unit fully separated from British Telecom's business activities, 
in order to handle requests for satellite capacity. 
-17 -
H e~tAl~'l Twv 6opucpoplKWV EUlKOlvwvlwv oTnv Kolv6TnTa txel snnpsaoesl Pa8£la 
an6 TO p6Ao TWV Opyavloµwv TnAsUlKOlVWVlWV we; ouµPaAAoµtvwv µepwv TWV 
6l£8vwv ouµcpcoVlWV OTOV Toµta TWV 6opucp6pwv, an6 TO anoKA£lOTlK6 6lKalwµa TWV 
ouµpaAAoµtvwv µepwv TWV EUTELSAT, INMARSAT Kal INTELSAT va ayopa~ouv Kal va 
µ£TanwAouv TO 6uvaµlK6 TOU 6laOTflµlKOU TµnµaToc;, Tlt £UlUTWo£lc; TOU T£XVlKOU 
ouvTov l oµou Ka l Twv 6 l a6 l Kao l wv nou npoPAtnovTa l OT l c; ouµcpwv l sc; v la TflV 
up6Ancpfl 110lKOVOµlKnc; ~flµ(ac;" Ka8wc; Kal an6 TflV £UAOV'l Taon TWV opyaVlOµwv 
TflA£UlKOlVWVlWV, we; ouµpaAAoµtvwv µepwv TWV EUTELSAT, INMARSAT Kai INTELSAT, 
va XPflOlµOUOlOUV TO 6uvaµlK6 TOU 6laOTflµlKOU TµnµaToc; TWV opyavtoµwv aUTWV 
0£ OUVapTflO'l µ£ Tlt £8VlKEt TOUt avayKEc;. 
Me e~alpeon Tfl xpnon Twv µeyaAwv 6l£8vwv ouoTnµaTwv nou npoo,tpouv eupwnalKn 
KaAucpn. 6nwc; TWV UUflP£0lWV INTELSAT, ., XPnon TWV 6opu,oplKWV EUlKOlVWVlWV 
OTflV Eupwnn anoTEA£( OXETlKa vta £µU£lp(a. H Eupwnn 6la8eT£t TOY npwTO 6lK6 
Tflc; £UlXElPflOlaK6 6opu,6po, TOV ECS-1 nou £(Val UlO yvwoT6c; µ£ TO 6voµa 
EUTELSAT l-F1, µ6vo an6 TO 1983. EKE(vn TflV enoxn, fl Eupwnn slxs uAonolnO£l 
Tpla UElpaµaTlKa 6opucpoplKa OUOTnµaTa, nou U£Pl£Aaµpavav OUVOAlKa E~l 
6opucp6pouc;, an6 Touc; ono l ouc; o l ntvTE £ l xav TPOX l o8£Tfl8£ l . Enp6K£ l TO Y la 
Touc; yaAAoyspµavtKouc; 6opucp6pouc; Symphony 1 Kal 2, Touc; SIRIO 1 Kat 2 Tflt 
ITaAlac; Kat TO 6opu,6po 60Klµwv TPOXtac; OTS 2 Tflt EY6. 
Avtl8£ta, to 1983, Ol HnA slxav n6n OatWc; µeyaAutEP'l sµustp(a xapn OTflV 
avautu~n 25 nsplnou nslpaµatlKWV 6opucp6pwv an6 TO TeAoc; Tflt 6sKa£Tlac; Tou 
'50. H aµsp&KaVlK'l Ploµnxavla £lX£ n6n KaTaOK£UaO£l 150 £11lX£lPl'lOlaKouc; 
TflA£11lKolvwvlaKouc; 6opu,6pouc; nou snp6K£lTo va xpno1µono1neouv os oA6KAnpo 
tOV K6oµo. Mua TflV avautu~n t~ l µ6vo 11£ l paµat l KWV 6opu,6pwv' ., Eupwnn 
auo,aolos va apxlosl snlonc; va Kata0Ksua~s1 £UlX£lPl'lO&aKouc; 6opucp6pouc; via 
tnv e~unnpttnon Tflt ouvsxwc; avanTuoo6µsvnc; supwua·iKnc; ayopac;. o l upwTo l 
auTo( £11lX£lPl'lOlaKo( 6opucp6po1 upoop(~OVTQV KUp(wc; yla Tlc; TflA£cpcoVlKec; 
en l Kol vwv I sc; an6 onµe lo os onµs Io Ka l v' a tn 6 l avoµn TnAsonT 'Kwv onµaTwv 
OTflV Eupwnn. navw an6 Ta Tp(a dtapta TOU 6uvaµlKOU TWV 6opucp6pwv aUTWV 
XPflOlµOUOlOUVTal onµepa Yla TflV T£AEUTa(a auTn £,apµoyn. 
An6 l31oµnxavlKnc; nAeupac;, n supwua·iKn 61aoT11µ1Kn l31oµnxavla txsl apxloe1 va 
avaKta TO xaµevo XP6VO, av Kat µ£ 1Jpa6u pu8µ6. An6 TO 1980 ewe; TO 1984, 
KaTaOK£UaO£ e~l µ6vo Tl1A£UlKOlVWVlaKouc; 6opucp6pouc;, £VW an6 TO 1985 ewe; TO 
1989 napnyay£ EUTa Tt'lA£UlKOlVWVlaKouc; 6opucp6pouc; Kal, onµspa, exsl avaAal3£l 
17 uapayysAlsc; evavTl ouvoAlKnc; a~lac; nsplnou sv6c; 610£KaToµµuplou ECU yla 
TllV U£p(o6o ewe; TO 1994. 
-18 -
Kata T11 6eKa£t la tou 1990 11 Eupcinr11 ea 6 t aette t uolu 011µavT t Ko 6opucpop t K6 
6uvaµ t K6. To 1993, 6la Ta eupwua"iKa µ11 OTpaT t wT t Ka, eev t Ka, t 6 t WT t Ka Kat 
ev6oeupw11a"iKa ouotnµaTa ouvoltKa ea e11tTpt11ouv tl1 6taeeo11 24 ouvoltKa 
e11txetp11otaKwv 6taulwv CT11le6pao11c;> au'eueelac; µeTa60011c; (DBS) eul Twv 
6opucp6pwv uou e~aocpal l C:ouv 6opucpop t Ktc; pa6 t 0T11leo11T t Ktc; u1111peo l ec; ( BSS) . 
rtov toµta twv oTaeepwv 6opucpoptKwv u1111peo&wv CFSS), 11ep(11ou 380 &oo6uvaµa 
eupwua"iKwv avaµeTa6oTwv C 11) ea £ l val 61 aeto l µa To 1993, tvavTl 11£p ( uou 170 
1 oo6uvaµwv avaµeta6otwv To 1990. o 1 ap l 9µo ( auto ( 6£v laµPavouv u116cp11 ta 
6 t £9vn ouotflµata' 611wc; Ta ouotnµata INTELSAT Ka l I NMARSAT. OUT£ Ta µ11 
eupwna·iKa ouotnµata uou £~aocpal l C:ouv £upw11a·iKt'I Kalu'1'11, 611(1)c; to ouot11µa 
PanAmSat uou PaolC:etat Otte; HnA Kat touc; (11po(Jle116µevouc;) 6opucp6pouc; ORION 
Ka8wc; Kai TO ouot11µa GORIZONT Kai RADUGA 110U PaolC:ovtal OT11V ErrA. 
rtouc; x(ygKIC 2 KQl 3 OUVO'P(C:ovtal Ta U110PXOVTa Kal 1tpo(Jlt110µ£va T11 OTtyµn 
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01 npoypaµµat&C:6µevec; £cpapµoytc; Touc;. 
H t11leo11t1Kn 61avoµn, n T11l£«p(l)v(a (Kuplwc; y&a t11v Klv11011 £Kt6c; Ko&v6T11tac;) 
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KUpl6T£PWV £cpapµoywv. 01fwc; txet n611 avacp£pe£(, TO 75X 1f£p(11ou TWV £066wv TOU 
EUTELSAT npotpxetal an6 tnv tnleont1Kn 6tavoµn. 01 11apa6oo&aKtc; ecpapµoytc; -
11 U1t£paOTIKfl Tl1l£cpwv(a 0£ µ£yOl£c; a1tOOT00£tc; Kat Ot (Jpaxu11p6e£0µ£c; avayKEc; 
0£ µeyalo £Upoc; C:wv11c;, 6nwc; 11 T11l£011TtKt'I 6tavoµn a116 OTOUVTIO 0£ OTOUVTIO -
OUVEX ( C:ouv va avT t 1tPOOW1t£UOUV µeyalo' av Ka I cp9 ( VOV' 1fOOOOT6 TWV 6 t £9vwv 
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neplnou SOX tnc; 61atlavt1Knc; tnlecpwvlac;, alla to 11oooot6 aut6 avaµtvetat va 
µeaweel oe 30-40% to 1995 <Pltne Kecpala&o IV). not6oo, ot11v Eupwnn, 11 
6opucpop 1 Kn cpwv11t 1 Kn tl1lE«p(l)v la avt & npooc.oneue t µ6vo 2-3X twv 6 & £9vwv 
£V60£UPW1ta"iKWV Klnoewv Kat TWV £8VIKWV Klnoewv 0£ µ£yal£c; a1100TOO£tc;. 
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µtpoc; TOU 6taot11µtKOU tµnµaToc; 1tOU e(vat 11poott6 £1tl TOU 1tap6vToc; an6 Tl1V 
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161wttKouc; opyavtoµouc;. 
( 11) To 6uvaµ t K6 twv avaµ£ta6otwv t oo6uvaµe l µe 6 l aulo nep l nou 36 MHz. 'Evac; 
avaµeta66tnc; µ11op£ ( va µ£Tacp£p£ t Kavov t KO tva 6 ( aulo tnle6paonc; n µtxp t 
1700 11£pl11ou T11l£cpWVtKOUC cpwvnttKouc; 6taulouc;. 
Figure 2 
Current and Planned European Civil Satellite Systems 
NAME OWNING OR- LAUNCH MISSION NOTE 
GANISATION 
EUTELSAT- If 1 EUTELSAT 1983 Telephony, television distri-
bution,business C011111Jnications, 
mobile cornnunications 
EUTELSAT-IF2 EUTELSAT 1984 Telephony, television distri-
bution,business conmunications, 
mobile cornnunications 
TELECOM 1A FRANCE TELECOM 1984 Telephony, television distri-
bution, business comnunications, 
etc. 
EUTELSAT-IF4 EUTELSAT 1987 Telephony, television distri-
bution,business conmunications 
EUTELSAT-IFS EUTELSAT 1988 Telephony, television distri-
bution,business conmunications 
ASTRA-1A SES-ASTRA1 1988 Television distribution 
TELECOM 1C FRANCE TELECOM 1988 Telephony, television distri-
bution, business conmunications, 
etc. 
TDF1 FRANCE TELECOM 1988 DBS (television) 
TVSAT-2 Deutsche 1989 DBS (television) 
Bundespost 
TELEKOM 
TELE-X SWEDISH SPACE 1989 DBS, small terminal networks 
CORPORATION data and telephony services 
MARCO-POL0-1 BSB2 1989 DBS, Data broadcasting 
DFS-1 Deutsche 1989 Telephony, television dis-
KOPERNIKUS Bundespost tribution, data and 
TELEKOm business communications 
OLYMPUS3 ESA 1989 Experimental communications, DBS 
TDF2 FRANCE TELECOM 1990 DBS (television) 
Figure 2 
NAME OWNING OR- LAUNCH MISSION NOTE 
GANISATION 
DFS-2 Deutsche 1990 Telephony, television distri-
Bundespost bution, data and business 
TELEKOM conmunications 
MARCO-POL0-2 BSB 1990 DBS, Data broadcasting planned 
EUTELSAT II EUTELSAT 1990 CF1) Telephony, television distri- F2 to F6 
F1 to F6 et seq bution,business co111T1unications, planned 
mobile conmunications 
ITALSAT4 TELESPAZIO 1991 Teleco111T1Unications, data, and planned 
business co111T1unications 
ASTRA-1B SES-ASTRA 1991 Television distribution planned 
TELECOM 2A FRANCE TELECOM 1991 Telephony, television distri- planned 
bution, business co111T1Unications, 
Security. 
TELECOM 2B FRANCE TELECOM 1992 Telephony, television distri- planned 
bution, business COITITlunications, 
Security. 
LOCSTAR LOCSTAR5 1992 Mobile co111T1Unications and planned 
1 and 2 Consortium radiolocation 
HISPASAT SPANISH AUTHOR!- 1992-1993 TV distribution, DBS, data planned 
1 and 2 TIES/ Telefonica and business conmunications 
SAR IT RAI 1993 DBS planned 
ARTEMIS ESA 1993 Experimental mobile co111T1Uni- planned 
cations, data relay 
ASTRA-1C SES-ASTRA 1994 Television distribution planned 
EUROPE SAT EUTELSAT 1995 DBS planned 
F1 to FS et seq 
KEPLER Deutsche 1996 DBS, Business and data planned 
Bundespost conmunications, TV distribution 
TELEKOM 
Figure 2 
NAME OWNING OR- LAUNCH MISSION NOTE 
GANISATION 
ASTRA-2 Series SES-ASTRA .... DBS, small terminal systems, planned 
mobile 
DFS-3 Deutsche ... telecomnunications and planned 
Bundespost business comnunications 
TELEKOM 
EUTELSAT-III EUTELSAT 1997 et seq. telephony, television dis- planned 
tribution, business comnuni-
cations, mobile conmunications 
Note This list does not include a nunber of progra11111es which have been announced but for which 
launch dates are not known : ATLANTIC satellite (Hughes Conmunications / J. Stafford) ; 
VIDEOSAT (France Telecom) ; F-SAT (France Telecom) ; APEX (France Telecom). Nor does it 
contain highly elliptical orbit systems that are in early study phases (ARCHIMEDES / ESA, 
SYCOMORES I France) 
2 
3 
4 
5 SES shareholders include Luxembourg, Belgian, German, and Scandinavian banking and investment interests, 
and British television interests. 
The BSB Consortium currently includes as major shareholders : Granada, Pearson, Bond Corporation, 
Chargeurs SA, Reed International. 
Capacity used by BBC Enterprises, RAI, EUROSTEP Association, Telecommunications Administrations, 
Research Institutes, etc. 
ITALSAT will use new frequency bands at Ka-band (20-30 GHz) to improve performance to small ground 
terminal systems and is a pre-operational system. 
The Locstar consortium includes as shareholders CNES, MATRA, GEC-Marconi, Daimler-Benz, etc. 
Figure 3 
Non-European satellites 
used for services with European coverage 
NAME OWNING OR- LAUNCH MISSION NOTE 
GANISATION 
INTELSAT v1 INTELSAT see notes Telephony, television distribu-
Generation tion, business and data services, 
(mobile leased by INMARSAT) 
INTELSAT VI2 INTELSAT see notes Telephony, television distribu-
Generation tion, business and data services 
MARISAT F1-F2 INMARSAT 1976 mobile leased by in orbit 
Consortium INMARSAT spares 
MARECS-82 ESA 1984 Maritime, aeronautical,land 
mobile (leased by INMARSAT) 
PANAMSAT PANAMSAT/ 1988 Video and business 
ALPHA-LYRACOM Services 
GORIZONT Series3 INTERSPUTNIK see notes Telephony, telegraphy, tele-
and REDUGA vision and sound broadcasting 
INMARSAT-II INMARSAT 1990 et seq. maritime, aeronautical planned 
series land mobile 
INTELSAT K INTELSAT 1992 Television distribution planned 
business and data services 
ORION4 ORION 1993 Video and business services planned 
INMARSAT-III INMARSAT 1994 et seq. maritime, aernoautical planned 
series land mobile 
INTELSAT VII INTELSAT see notes Telephony, television distribu- planned 
Generation tion, business and data services 
Note This list does not include announced progranmes for which dates are not firmly known, 
such as the IRIDIUM progralTITle (sponsored by MOTOROLA) and ORBCOMM progranme (Orbital 
Conmunications Ltd). 
2 
3 
4 Currently, 6 satellites of the INTELSAT- V generation are used for intra-European services -either television 
distribution (F4, F6, F7, Fll) or Business and Data Communications (F2, F13). 
One satellite of the INTELSAT-VI generation is now operational, and a second is about is to become 
operational. 
Launch dates, capacity, coverage and further details of the GORIZONT and REDUGA satellites are not 
published, though several are known to be in orbit. They are owned by the USSR and leased to Intersputnik 
the members of which are, Afganistan, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, 
Mongolia, Poland, Romania, the USSR, Vietnam, and Yemen. 
The ORION system, although derived from a licence awarded to a U.S. company, ORION Networks, to 
provide competing trans-Atlantic setvices to INTELSAT, is expected to have major European investment when 
its financing is completed. 
-23 -
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OlKOYOµlKt'l xpnon TOU ,aoµatoc;; pa6toouxvott'ltwv KOl Tflt TPOXlOt TWY 
Y£WOTOTlKWV 6opu'6pwv. H IFRB Aaµl)aV£l K09£ sP6oµa6a nsp(nou 1200 
avaKOlVc0o£lt/11'Al1PO,Op(£t 'll'OU 11'PE11'£l va £~E:TO~OVTOl ouµcpcova µ£ Tlt a11'atTf\O£lt 
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H 6ta6tKao(a autn OK011'6 Ex£l, 0£ 6oo TO 6uvat6 µe;yaAut£Pl'l EKTOO'l KOl 0£ 
o,atpaKn KAlµaKa, 
va 6tao,aA(O£l, Y£VlKO, Tl'l A£lTOUpy(a TWV aoupµatWV OTa8µwv xcop(c;; 
napsµPoAtc;;, alts np6K£ttaa yaa touc;; 6aaoT11µaKout ota8µouc;; a(Ta yta touc;; 
£1t'(y£lOUt Ota9µouc;;, 'll'OPEXOVTac;; 6t£9Vft avayVWPlOl'l ft 'll'POOTOO(a, 
va napaoxs' µnxav 'oµouc;; y 'a To 6 a s9vt'l ouvtov 'oµ6 Twv 6 t Ktuwv 
pa6t0£11'lKOlVWVlWY (ouµnspaAaµl)avoµtvwv TWY 6opucpoplKWY 6lKTUCOV) YlO ta 
ono(a analTOUVTOl ouµcpcov(sc;; µaTa~u TWV XPl'IOTWY 'll'PlV an6 TO OTa6lO Tl'l<; 
£Kµ£TaAAsuonc;;, A6yw TWV ucpnA'v OPXlKWV £11'£V6UO£WV, 
va 61ao,aAloa1 oa 6Aa ta tev11 to6t1µ11 np6oPao11 oto ,aoµa ouxvotntwv Kat 
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-24 -
oa 6aaTal£ac; Tou Kavovaoµou Pa610£n1Ko1vwvawv µuopouv va Tpououoaeouv µ6vo 
au6 Tlc; £l6lKtc; uayK6oµl£t n U£Pl,£P£laKtc; ouv6aaoK£~£lc; UOU ouyKaAs( n ITU 
Kaa KaAouvTaa nayK6aµasc; en nspa,spsaaKtc;> Iuv61a0Kt~s1c; Twv AaoaKnoswv 
Pa6lO£UlKOlVWVlWV (WARC n RARC). H ouyKAnon uap6µ01wv OUV6laOKt~£WV analT£( 
£KT£Vn T£XVlKn UpO£TOlµao(a, UOU OUXVa UUOOTnp(~£Tal au6 £pyao(sc; UOU 
avaAaµpavouv 6uo aAAol opyavaoµo( Tnc; ITU: n Al£9vnc; IuµPouAEUTlKn Euatpoun 
Pa6lO£UlKOlVWVlWV (CCIR) Kal n Al£9vnc; IuµpouA£UTlKn EUlTpoun TnAscpwv(ac; Kal 
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t>ltwc; £X£l n6n avacpsp9£(, Ol ~WV£c; OUXVOtntWV UOU 6laT(9£Vtal OUµcpwva µ£ TOV 
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6aa'°psc; uunpsolsc;, µsTa~u twv ouolwv 01 Kupa6tspsc; s(vaa oa ota9sptc; 
uunpsolsc;, 01 Ktvnttc; uunpso(sc;, 01 pa6totnAsout&Ktc; uunpsolsc; Kat o• 
uunpsolsc; pa6aosvtouaoµou, µs oKou6 va avtaµstwu108ouv 6aacpopsc; auaatnosac; 
sa6&Kwv tsxv•Kwv £,apµoywv Kat va a~toAovneouv oa sv6sx6µsvsc; uapsµPoAtc; uou 
µuopouv va upoKu~uv. 
raa Tac; ota9sptc; 6opu'°paK£c; uunpsolsc;, avautux9nK£ tva up6ypaµµa Katavoµnc; 
Kata Ttc; ouv6aaoKt~sac; Tnc; WARC uou upayµatouoan9nKav TO 1985 Kaa TO 1988, 
TO ouolo xpnoaµouoasl opaoµtvsc; ouxv6Tntsc; ottc; ~wvsc; Twv 4/6 Kat 11/14 
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Kat uap£X£l 0£ 1<a8£ xwpa touAaXlOTOV µ(a TPOXlaKn 9ton OTO uAa(OlO 
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up6ypaµµa upoPAtusa osapa 61a6a1<aoawv uou uptusa va tnpouvtaa yaa to 
ouvTov10µ6 tou upoPAsu6µsvou s8v11<ou 6opu'°p11<ou 61Ktuou. To up6ypaµµa 
WARC-88 upoPAtusa Katavoµtc; y1a ta uuapxovta ouotnµata 1<a1 yaa ta ouotnµaTa 
CouµuspaAaµpavoµtvwv twv usp1cpspsaa1<wv ouotnµatwv) uou 6nµooasu9nKav £K twv 
upottpwv up&v au6 to Mato 1988, 6uwc; yaa uapa6s&yµa to usp1cpspstaK6 ouotnµa 
EUTELSAT. Op' oµtvsc; 61 a6' Kao ( sc; uou houv ouµcpwvn9s I y 'a T' c; µn 
upoypaµµat 'oµtvsc; ~wvsc; ouxvotntwv, µtoea» uoAuµspwv ouvs6p' ao£wv 
upoypaµµattoµou Kata tlc; ouo(sc; ta µsAAOVTlKa U£Pl,£P£laKa n UUO­
U£p 1 cpsps' aKa ouotnµata µuopouv va ouvtov 'otouv, upoo,tpouv op' oµtvn 
susAalla otn ~wvn ouxvotntwv twv ota9spwv 6opu,opa1<wv uunpsoawv. Auttc; oa 
uoAuµsps ( c; ouvs6p' aos' c; upoypaµµat 'oµou ouotnµatouo' ouv tn 6' a6' Kao I a tou 
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svauoµtvouosc; ouxv6tntsc; Kaa yswotataKn tpoxaa. not6oo, uapa to ouotnµa twv 
uoAuµspwv auvs6paaaswv upoypaµµataoµou, n 6nµ1oupyia µsAAovttKwv 
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auvsxl~sa va uapouo1a~£l ooPaptc; 6uoKoAlsc; A6yw twv uoAuuA01<wv Kat 
µa1<poxp6v1wv 6aa611<aaawv. 
(12) Ot 1<upa6tspsc; ~wvsc; auxvotntwv uou xpnoaµouoaouvtaa yaa tac; 6opu'°pa1<tc; 
£UlKOlVWVl£c; pp(OKOVTQl OTlc; uspaoxtc; 1-2 GHz (~wvn L), 2-3 GHz (~wvn S), 
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<~wvn K· µ6vo yaa us1paµat1Kn xpnan>. 01 ~wvsc; uou xpnaaµouoaouvtaa 1<upiwc; 
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ypaµµtc; TOU INTELSAT KQ' n ~wvn L y 'a T' c; K' vnttc; EU' KO' vwv ( £t µtoea» TOU 
INMARSAT. 
-25 -
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txouv ~euepaote( an6 tac; Te:xvoAoyaKtc; e£eA(£etc; Cf3Uue KecpaAaao 111. Kat 
IV.). Kata tll ouv61a0Ke'11 RARC-83 upota811Kav tpououo1noe1c; tou upoypaµµatoc; 
auto6, 01 onolec; 6µwc; acpopouoav anoKhtotaKa tnv uep1oxn nou KaAunte1 tl'l 
B6pe:1a Kat N6taa AµepaKn. 01 f3£At1ci»oe1c; audc; 6oov acpopa ta KPatnpaa tou 
upoypaµµaTO( WARC-77 evocoµaTw811Kav oe: µe:Tayevtote:po ot661 o otov Kavov 101-16 
Pa6t0£1tlKOlVWVIWV, OUµcpctva µ£ Tll ouv61aOK£,l1 RARC-83. 
H f3£At(WOl1 tWV T£XVOAoy1wv Kai 11 6uoKaµ,(a TOU npoypaµµato( WARC-77 w811oav 
touc; e:upwua(ouc; va xp1101µouo1noouv Ta( twve:c; ouxvotntwv twv ota8e:pwv 
6opucpop I KWV U1t11P£0 I WV y I a Tl'IV uapoxn U1tflP£0 I WV Tl'lhOUT l Knc; 61 avoµnc; 1tOU 
µnopouv eulo11c; va AaµPavovtaa an6 µ1Kp£c; uapaf30A1K£c; Ke:pa(e:c; CPA£ue: KecpaAaao 
I I I • Ka a IV. ) • To up6ypaµµa aut6 upo£e:ve: ( onµ spa oof3ap£c; avnoux ( £( 0£ 
opaoµtvouc; e:upwualouc; cpope:(c; uapoxnc; 61aotnµ1Kou tµnµatoc;, 01 ouo(oa 
upof3Atuouv va uapaoxouv uunpeo l ec; HDTV au' euee: ( ac; otouc; eupwua ( ouc; 
t11Ae:8eat£c; Kat ee:wpouv 6t1 e:u1f3aAAeta1 11 xpnon aoxup6tepwv 6opucp6pwv DBS. 
01 61a61Kao(e:c; yaa TO OUVTOVlOIJ6 TWY KlVflTWV 6opucpoplKWV 6tKTUWV Paoltovtal 
Ota auote:Atoµata TWV WARC-79 Ka I WARC MOB-87' ta 01t0 (a e:vocoµatcia811Kav 0£ 
µe:tayevtote:po ota610 OTOV Kavov10µ6 Pa6t0£1tlKOIVWVIWV. 
Ie: 6Aec; tac; napanavw 1t£Pl1tTWo£l(, Ol 61a61Kao(e:c; OUVTOVlOIJOU Kat £yKp1011c; 
twv vtwv 6opucpop1Kwv ouotnµatwv uapouoaa~ouv opaoµtva Koava 011µe:(a Kat 
anoPAtuouv otov (610 ot6xo. not6oo, 01 61a61Kaot1K£c; 060( napouoaa~ouv 
oof3ap£c; auoKAloe:ac;. Ta Koava otoaxe:la µuopouv va ouyKevtpw8ouv ota uapaKatw 
61acpopet1Ka Tpla ota6aa: 
1 . H EK TWV upodpwv 611µ00 ( £U011 TWV 611AWa£WV upo8toewv Kat TWV TEXV l KWV 
11'po61aypa.Wv uou e:(va1 61a8toaµe:c; OTO OUYK£KPl1Jtvo 6opucpop1K6 OUOT1"11Ja, 
µe Paon tac; ouo(ec; µuope:( va a~10Aoyn8e:( fl ev6ex6µe:vn avayKfl 
OUVTOVIOIJOU. 
2. 0 OUVTOV I oµ6c;, n 0 I ouµcpwv ( £( UOU 8a 1tPOKU'l'OUV, µe 61 acpope:c; aAhc; 
6101Knoe1c; 01 ouolec; e:unpe:a~ovtaa, yaa uapa6e:ayµa, au6 tnv upof3Aeu6µe:vn 
aKtavof3oA(a £Kt6c; ~wvnc; ev6c; 6opucpopaKou ouotnµatoc;. E(va1 upocpavtc; 6t1 
6ev anaateltaa Kavtvac; ouvtov10µ6c; yaa ta ouotnµata uou avtauoKplvovtat 
ota KP•tnpaa tou npoypaµµatoc;. 
-26 -
3. Meta tnv oAoKAnpwon TOU OUVTOVlOIJOU (n 6tav 61anlOTW8£( 6tl O 
ouvtov10µ6c; 6ev elvaa anapaltntoc;), yvwotonolnon tnc; xpnonc; twv 
ouxvotntwv otnv IFRB npouaµtvou va ouµnep1An«18ouv auttc; otov 11Kup10 
KataAoyo ouxvotntwv" (Master Frequency Register> £to1 Wot£ ta ouotnµata 
auta va µnopouv va anoteAouv avtaKe(µevo npootaolac; Kata Ka8£ en1~nµ1ac; 
uapeµPoAnc; au6 ta µeAAovttKa ouotnµata. 
r la 6Aa ta npo1'3Aen6µeva 60PUCIOP l Ka oucnnµata, np£n£ l va tnpe (ta l 0£ l pa 
6ta6lKQOlWV, OUIJCIWYa µ£ Ta npoypaµµata KQl Tlc; pu8µ(oe1c;, Kai OUYK£KPllJEVO 
XPOY06taypaµµa yaa Ka8£ OUOtnµa Wot£ Va £Wltpan£( EyKalpoc; OUVTOYl0µ6c; WPlV 
apxloea va Aeatoupyel to ouotnµa. raa ta nep1oo6tepa e8v1Ka ouotnµata, nou 
EXOUV µ£A£tn8£( ouµc,wva µ£ TIC napaµ£tpouc; OX£61aoµou TOU OPXlKOU 
npoypaµµatoc;, 6ev ana1t£lta1 Kaµ(a 61a61Kao(a ouvtovaoµou 6£6oµtvou 6tl ta 
ouotnµata auta nptnea KavovtKa va avtanoKplvovtaa ota Kp1tnp1a tou 
npoypaµµatoc;. 
not6oo, y1a ta 61a«1opa aAAa, Kuplwc; cun6-> nep1«1epe1aKa, ouotnµata nou 6ev 
£ l va 1 ouµc,wva µe t 1 c; napaµttpouc; oxe61 aoµou tou apx 1 Kou npoypaµµatoc; Ka 1 , 
enoµtvwc;, 6ev avtanoKplvovtal ota KP•tnp1a tou npoypaµµatoc;, 01 61a61Kaolec; 
OUVTOVlOµou WPEW£l va avaAaµPavovtal µ£ 6Aec; tac; £v61a«1£p6µevec; xwpec;. Ol 
61a61Kaolec; aurtc; elvaa noAu xpovoP6pec; Kat neplnAoK£c;, a«1opouv noAAtc; 
61o1KOO£1 c; Ka' e~aprwvta 1 en (one; an6 rn ouvepyao (a Ka' rnv npo8uµ la rwv 
ev6ta«1epoµ£vwv opyavtoµwv va KataAn~ouv oe ouµ,wv(a. Elvaa oa,tc; 6t1, oro 
nAa(oto TWV W£PlCl£P£lQKWV n un6-W£PlC1£P£lQKWV 60PUCIOPlKWV 6tKTUWV tnc; 
Eupwnnc;, µnope( va elvat avayKala n npoo«1uvn orn yvwµn noAAwv 6totKnoewv -
otnv nep(ntwon TWV KPOTWV µeAwv rnc; Ko1v6tntac;, t6oo µeta~u TWV KPOTWV QUTWV 
600 Ka l µ£ Tl c; Y£ l TOV l de; TOUc; XWP£c; WOU 8 ( YOYTQ l an6 TO npoPA£n6µ£VO 
6opuc,op1K6 ouoTnµa. rta ta 6opu«1op1Ka ouotnµaTa noHanAwv unnpeo1wv, 01 
6 t a6 t Kao ( ec; £ l va 1 t 6 ta l upa noAunAoKec;. npayµat 1 , nptne l va £«1apµ6~ovTa 1 
TOUAaXlOTOV 6uo Kal, µeplKec; CIOPEC, TP£lc; 0£1ptc; 61a61Kao1wv. 
Inµepa, n Kataotaon Tou ouvtovaoµou rwv ouxvornrwv Kaa Tnc; 61axelp1onc; Tnc; 
Tpox1ac; xapaKtnpl~eTaa enoµtvwc; an6: 
Tn µeµovwµtvn An~n ano«1aoewv an6 Ta Kpatn µ£An tnc; Koav6Tntac; £vavT1 Twv 
apµ661wv 61e8vwv opyavaoµwv, 6e6oµtvou 6t1, oe opaoµtva Kpatn µtAn, 01 
£8VlKOl opyavaoµo( TJ1A£WlKOlVWVlWV txouv avaAaP£t TJ1V £VToAn va 
ano«1aol~ouv yaa Aoyap1aoµ6 touc; OTO nAaloao twv ev A6yw 61e8vwv 
opyavaoµwv, £VW 0£ aAAouc; opyavaoµouc; TO Kpatoc; µ£Aoc; £KWPOOWW£(tal an6 
TO avtloToaxo unoupye(o,C13) 
TOY avunapKTO n noAu xaAap6 OUVTOV l oµ6 IJETa~u TWV KPOTWV µ£AWV, OTO 
nAa ( o 1 o rnc; Eupwna"fKnc; Iuv61 aoK£~nc; twv f. to 1 Knoewv Taxu6poµe I wv Ka 1 
TnhnlKOlVWVtWV (CEPT), av KQl OtrlY nep(ntwon auTn n KaTaOTaon ExEl 
apxloet va µeraPaAAetaa CPA£ne K£«1aAato IV), 
(13) ITnv nep(nTwon TOU EUTELSAT, Ol 6ta61KaOl£c; OUVTOVlOIJOU 6oov OCIOPa TJlV ITU 
EKTEAOUVTQl an6 TJl yaAA1Kn 61o(Knon· OTJ1V nep(ntwon TOU INTELSAT, an6 TOY 
COMSAT International (HnA) Kat OTJlV nep(nTWOJl TOU INMARSAT, an6 TJl British 
Telecom. 
-27 -
TrlV avu11apt (a opyavwv OTO Kot voT t K6 s11 ( 11s60 11ou s11 t Tpt11ouv va A11,eouv 
OUVTOVtoµtV£C 8to£tC 6oov atopa TOUC 6t£8V£(C opyavtoµOUC -Kat, 
s11oµtvwc, 6oov atopa Tl'l 6taxslpt01'1 Tl"IC TPOXtOC Kat TWV OX£TtKWV 
ouxvotntwv. 
H 011µsptvn µstappu8µt01'1 TOU OUVTOVtOµou TWV ouxvotitTWV OTO 11Aaloto Tl"IC CEPT, 
u116 Tl"IV s11(6pao11 tou •n•loµaToc Tou IuµPouAlou 90/C 166/02 Tl"IC 2s11c louvlou 
1990(14), µs Tl'l 611µtoupy(a Tl"IC vtac Eupw11a"fKitc E11tTpo11nc Pa6tos11tKotvwvtwv 
Kat Tl"IC Eupw11a"fKrtC Y11npsolac Pa6tos11tKotvwvtwv a•nvst va 6ta,avouv 
11poo11TtKtc 011µavttKitt svloxuo11c Tl"IC ouvspyaolac otov Toµta twv ouxvoTitTwv. 
4. To oq~spav6 KavovaotaK6 wlaloao otqv Koav6tqta 
Ot KavovtoTtKtc ouv8itKsc oTnv Kotv6tnta µ11opouv va avaAueouv KaAuTspa we 
11poc: 
Tl"IV 11apoxn Kat sKµsTaAAsuon Tou s11(ystou tµftµatoc, ouµ11sptAaµpavoµtvwv 
T6oo Twv s11lystwv oTa8µwv µ6vo An,nc 6oo Kat twv otaSµwv sK110µ11nc/An•11c, 
To 6tKalwµa xpno11c/11apoxnc u1111psotwv Kat/it twv 11poU1108toswv tK6oonc 
a6stwv 11ou awattouvTat yaa Tl'l xpno11/11apoxn u1111psolac µtow tou 
6taOTl'lµlKOU TµftµaTOC, 
Tl"IV 11p6opao11 OTtC ouxv6Tl"IT£C KOl Tl'l TPOXlQ TWV Y£COOTOTtKWV 6opuf6pwv, 
Kat tnv 11apoxn 6uvaµtKou 6taotnµtKou tµftµatoc. 
Itov wlvQKa 4 ouvocpltsTat 11 KaTaotaon nou stttKpatsl ota KpaT11 µtA11. rsvtKa, 
., KOTOOTOOl'l autit wapouotatst Ta aK6Aouea xapaKTl"IPIOTIKQ: 
4.1 E1(y110 xuDug 
Ooov atopa ta tspµat1Ka µ6vo An,nc, to npao1vo B1Alo oxsT1Ka µs tic 
T1'1A£ttlKOtYWVl£cC15) avt,sps 6t1 "A6yw Tl"IC TQOl"IC nou £11lKPOT£(' OTOY Toµta 
TWY 6opUfOPlKWY £11lKOtYWYIWY, npoc TIC pa61ot11Asont1Ktc s,apµoytc an6 onµs(o 
0£ noAAattAa onµs(a yta TIC KASIOTtc oµa6sc XPl"IOTWY, TO KOYOYIOTlKO K08£0TWC 
OX£TtKO µs TOUC s11(ys1ouc Ota8µouc µ6vo An•l'lt (ROES) yaa TIC 6opUfOPlKEC 
sn a Ko a vwv l sc ea 11p£ns • va stoµo 1 wes ( µs to Ka9sotwc nou a ox us a y 1 a ta 
TflA£11lKOtVWYlOKQ TSpµaTlKQ Kat TIC Tl1A£011TlKtc 6opUfOPtKtt K£pa(sc µ6vo 
Ait•nt, Kai va avoltsa 11Anpwc otov avtaywvaoµ6". 
(14) EEC 166 Tl'lt 07.07.1990, o.2. •n•1oµa tou IuµPouA(ou Tflt 2s11c louvlou 1990 
oxsttKa µs Tl"IV svloxuon Tl'lt supwna"fKitC ouvspyaolac otov toµta twv 
pa6toouxvoTittwv, 6oov atopa, t6lwc, tac unnpsolsc wavsupwnalKitC 61aotao11c. 
(15) npaOlYO BtPA(o OXETIKQ µ£ Tl"IY ava11tut11 Tl"IC KOIYftC ayopac TWY U111'1P£01WY Kat 
TOU sto11Atoµou OTOY Toµta TWY Tl1A£111KOIYWVIWY, COM(87)290 Tl"IC 30.06.1987. 
-28 -
Itn ouvtxeaa, n ocSnvla 88/301/EQKC16) teeoe oe ecpapµovn tn eton autft v•a 
"touc; 6opucpoptKouc; ota9µouc; nou e~aocpaAl~ouv µ6vo Tfl An•n Kat cSev ouv6tovtat 
µ£ TO 6rUJOOlO 6(KTUO £v6c; Kpatouc; µtAouc;". 0 wlVQKQC 4 an£tKov(~£l TflV 
tptxouoa Kataotaon. Ta n£ptoo6t£pa KPOTfl µtAn txouv £cpapµ6o£t Tl'l eton 
autnC17). not6oo, opaoµtva Kpatn µtAn ouvexl~ouv va anattouv a6£t£c;: v•a 
tnv EKµetaAAeuon twv E~onAaoµwv autwv. 
H t 6 t oKtno I a Ka' n eKµetaHeuon twv tepµat l Kwv £Knoµni)c;/An•nc; ouv6tovtav 
avtKa9ev ota Kpatn µtAn µe ttc; pu9µ1o£tc; nou 6ttnouv tnv avo6tKn/Ka8o6tKn 
~£U~fl Kat, £noµtvwc;, nsptop(~ovtav, OTO nAa(OtO TWV anoKA£tOTlKWV n £t6lKWV 
6tKatwµatwv, os 6Aouc; 6001 txouv 6tKalwµa £Kµ£taAA£uonc; twv avo6tKwv 
~EU~EWV, t6oo 6oov acpopa Tl'lV napoxn 6oo Kai TflV £Kµ£TaAAEUOfl TWV E~onAaoµwv 
(OUYKP. wlygKg 4). 
not6oo, opaoµtva KPOTfl µtAn £TOlµa~OVTal onµepa va avttKataotnoouv ta 
anoKA£l0TlKa n £l6lKO 6tKalwµata OTOV TOµta aut6 µ£ tva OUOTl'lµa £YKPIO£WV 
tunou Kat tK6oonc;: a6£twv <PAtne napaKatw). 
4.2 AlKglwug EKUEtgAA1ugnc/ngpox6c unnpEglgc Kat §K6ogn g6ElWY/£yKplg1tc tunou 
Onwc; npoKunn:l an6 TOV w(ygKq 4, n l6lWTlKn £KIJETOAAEUOl'l TWV 6opucpoptKWV 
£cpapµoywv 6£v sn1tptnEta1 OE noAAa Kpatn µtAn. Itac; n£ptntWoEtc; nou 
En l TptnETa l ' avaKUnTE l TO np6PAnµa TWV 6pwv TWV a6E l WV £Kµ£taAAEUOflc; TWV 
unnpEoawv autwv. To 6tKalwµa napoxnc; 6opucpoptKwv unnp£01wv 1~aK0Aou8£l va 
1nacpleta1 otn 61aKptt1Kn suxtp£1a twv KuPepvnoEwv twv Kpatwv µeAwv. 
'Ooov acpopa touc; enlysaouc; ota9µouc; µ6vo An•nc;, txEa avantuxeel µaa OXEttKa 
£A£u9epwµtvn npootyyaon ota neptoo6tepa Kpatn µtAn, 6nou 01 £nly£1ot 
ota8µo( µ6vo An•nc; anoAaµpavouv TOU (61ou Ka9EOTWtoc; µ£ TWV aAAwv 
t£pµat1Kwv e~onAaoµwv <PAtnE napanavw). not6oo, aK6µn Kat otov toµta aut6, 
0 6taxwptoµ6c; µEta~u TWV KOVOVlOTlKWV AElTOUPYlWV Kal TWV AElTOUPYlWV 
EKµEtaAAEuonc; 6£v elvat oE Kaµla neplntwon nAnpnc; 6oov acpopa ttc; 
6ta6tKaolEc; tyKpaonc; Kat (Ev6exoµtvwc;> £K6oonc; acSeawv. 
Ta Kpatn µtAn n£pt6pt~av avtKa8£v to 6tKalwµa µsta6oonc; 6opucpoptKwv onµatwv 
(avo6tKn ~Eu~n> otouc; opyavtoµouc; tnAen1Koavwv1wv. TEAEutala, wot6oo, 
OPlOµtva KPOTfl µ£An EXOUV EAEU9EPWOEl -i) OKOnEUOUV va EA£U9£PWOOUV -TflV 
np6oPaon otnv avo61Kn ~eu~n, 6nwc; to Hvwµtvo BaolAeto, yaa ttc; µov66poµ£c; 
unnpeo l ec; Ka 1 n Oµoonov6 t aKft AnµoKpat I a tnc; repµav lac; y ta t l c; µov66poµec; 
Kat aµcp(6poµec; unnpeolec; oto nAaloao KataAAnAwv ouotnµatwv tK6oonc; a6etwv, 
ouµnep t AaµPavoµtvnc; tnc; eAEuetpwonc; twv t£pµat 'Kwv £Knoµnnc;/Aft•nc; couyKp. 
1lyq1g 4). Itnv Oµoonov6taKn AnµoKpatla tnc; repµavlac;, ot 161wtec; Kat oa 
(16) 06nvla tnc; Enttponnc; tnc; 16nc; Matou 1988 oxet1Ka µs tov avtaywvtoµ6 otac; 
ayoptc; tnAentKOlVWVlOKWV T£pµatlKWV (88/301/EOK), EEL 131 tnc; 27.05.1988, 
o.73. 
(17) EntKpatouoa Kataotaon tnv 1n OKtwPplou 1990. 
-29 -
&6&WT&Kol toPelc napox~c unnpeo&wv ea µnopouv OTO µtAAov va eKµetaAAeuovTa& 
TOU( K£VTPlKOU( OTa8µouc Chub stations) KQl TOU( OTa8µouc £Knoµn~c/A~•nc OTO 
nAa lo lo ouot~µatoc tK600'lC a6e uiav. Ito Hvwµtvo Bao l Ae 1 o, txouv XOP'lY'l8£ ( 
enta a6£l£( y&a tnv £Kµ£TaAAeuon TWV 6opUfPOPlKWV µov66poµwv unnP£0lWV, 
ouµnep1Aaµpavoµtvnc TnC avo61K~C teu~nc, ntpa an6 touc 66o opyav1oµouc, BT 
Ka& Mercury, nou e(va1 uneu8uvo1 y&a tnv uno6oµ~ tou 61Kt6ou. 
Figure 4 
Regulatory Environment of Satellite Communications in Community 
Member States 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 COUNTRY RECEIVE ONLY TERMINALS HUB STATIONS TRANSMIT/RECEIVE TERMINALS 
AND THE PROVISION HUB STATIONS 
OF ONE-WAY-SERVICES1 AND THE PROVISION 
OF TWO-WAY SERVICES2 
TELEVISION OTHER NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL 
SERVICES 
BELGIUM /I/Ill/I/I/ /Ill/I/I/I/ 
DENMARK3 /l/lllll/I/ /Ill/////// /////- //Ill-
FRANCE /////Ill/// 
GERMANY4 /////////// //II/I/Ill/ ////Ill/I// //II/Ill/II //Ill////// ///////Ill/ 
GREECE /Ill// /llll/I//// 
IRELAND5 //Ill////// /////- //Ill- //////- /////-
ITALY 
LUXEMBOURG6 /////////// 
NETHERLANDS7 Ill/I////// Ill/- //Ill- //Ill- /Ill/-
PORTUGAL8 ////llll/// llll/////// 
SPAIN //////I/Ill 
UK9 /////////// /////////// 
I Private supply without licencing, type approval or co-ordination. 
Provision exclusive to telecOITlllunications organisation 
Private supply, subject to licencing, type approval or co-ordination 
Provision of one-way services refers to the provision and operation of the uplink. 
Where two-way services are concerned, provision and operation covers hub station and remote transmit/receive 
terminals. 
Receive only terminals are subject to type approval and licence for the establishment and operation. The 
network operator has the exclusive right to provide bearer services (uplink/downlink), whereas private 
organisations can provide value-added one-way services. 
It is under consideration to delete the individual authorisation for receive-only terminals so that they will only 
be subject to type approval. The provision of one or two way services has been liberalised, subject to licencing. 
Telecom Eireann has exclusive rights in the provision of national services and is licensed to provide 
international services. However, competition in the provision of national or international services is not 
precluded by legislation. 
Terminals in the Fixed Satellite Service are subject to licensing without type approval or coordination. 
P1T Nederland NV has the "right of first refusal" to provide fixed uplink earth stations for one-way or two-way 
services. If the P1T is not willing or able to provide, within a reasonable time and on reasonable conditions, a 
system which is equivalent to what the customer wants, the latter may ask the Telecommunications and Post 
Department of the Ministry of Transport and Public Works for a licence to establish, maintain and/or operate 
his own fixed uplink earth station. 
TVRO terminals larger than 3m in diameter require a licence. Legislation is under preparation for the 
liberalisation of the market of receive only terminals for other services. 
No individual licence is needed for receive only terminals; they are covered by a class licence which is available 
to all without the need to register or to pay a fee or to be individually co-ordinated. One-way services are 
subject to licencing for operation within Europe (meaning the European Community, EFfA and other 
European countries as broadly defined). 
-31 -
4.3 Op6gBggn -Kai ugoox6 -6uygu1KoU 61ggxnu1Ko4 xu6ugxoc 
r£VtKa, yta Va aUOKtnaouv IO 6uvaµ1K6 IOU 61aOI1lµtKOU tµnµatoc;, Ot XPnOt£c; n 
01 cpop£1c; uapoxnc; UUllP£Otci>v uptu£t va µ108c0oouv xo 6uvaµtK6 aux6 au6 tvay 
uuapXOYia cpopta £Kµ£IaAA£UOllc; 6opucp6pca>v. ITO £Upwua"iK6 uAa(cuo, 6uwc; tX£1 
n61l ava,£p8£l, 01 KUPl6I£POI cpop£(c; £µ£TaAA£UOllC £lYal Ot At£8Y£lc; 
Opyav10µ0( TllA£UIKOIYCl>YlaKci>V Aopucp6pwv, INTELSAT Kai INMARSAT, Ka8,c; Kai 0 
EupwualK6c; OpyaYt0µ6c; TllA£UIKOIVCl>VlaKci>V Aopucp6pwv EUTELSAT Kai Ot £8YtKOl n 
161wttKol cpop£lc; £Kµ£taAA£uonc; 6opucp6pwv (cpop£lc; uapoxnc; 61aoTnµ1KoU 
TµnµaToc;), uou waptxouv 6uYaµtK6 0£ ouoTnµaTa 6trca>c; oa Telecom-1-2, DFS 
Kopernlkus-1 Kat BSB CPA£tr£ wlvm<a 2). A£6oµ£you 6Tt oa opyayaoµol 
TnA£trtKOtYCl>Ytci>Y txouY uuoypa•£• ouµpao£ac; µ£ Touc; 6t£9v£1c; opyay10µ0Uc; 
TllA£UlKOlVCl>VtaKci>Y 6opucp6pwY OTO trAaloao Ka9£ KpaTouc; µ£Aouc;C18), SYac; 
6uvllTtK6c; xPnOTllc; wou XP£•at£Tat 6uyaµtK6 6aaoTnµaKoU TµnµaToc; £1vaa Y£YtKa 
UtrOXP£Cl>µSYOc; Ya TO ayopaos l atr6 TOY opyay l oµ6 IllA£tr l KO l Vca>Y, ,y. I£ troUtc; 
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UtrOKa9tOTWY cpoptac; IllV £V A6yw Utr11P£O(a, trpayµa trOU OUV£Uay£Ta1 avatr6,£UKia 
oUyKpouon ouµ,£p6YTca>Y yaa TOY opyaYtoµ6 TllA£trtKoavwYtci>Y. 
T£A£uta(a, ca>Ot6ao, apx1oav va £µ,avltovtat Ol trpci>t£c; £Y6£(~£tc; y1a tr,V 
Ka81tpca>0n Tilt apxnc; xou 6aaxwpaoµoU µsta~u Tfl>Y KavoYtOTtKci>v apµo6toTnTwY Kat 
Twv apµo610TnTwv £Kµ£taAAsuonc; 6aov acpopa Kat ttc; 6paoTnpa6xnt£c; 6opucpop1Kci>v 
£1( l KO l YCl>Y l WY ICl>V opyay l oµci>Y tllhtr l KO I YCl>Y l WY' T6ao y la TO OUVTOV l oµ6 ICl>V 
ouxvoxnxwv 6ao Kat yaa tac; 6ta6tKaolsc; ouvxovaoµoU oxo wAaloto twv 6t£8vci>v 
opyavtoµ•v xnAsuaKotYCl>YtaKci>v 6opucp6pwv. 
AYayywpltoYtac; xnv apxft auxn, to Hvwµ£yo BaolAsao 611µ10Upy11os tva "rpa,slo 
apµ66ao yaa tac; uwo9£osac; xwv ouµpaAAoµtvwv µ£pci>Y" (Signatory Affairs 
Office), µsµoYwµtvo atr6 xov sµwopaK6 xoµta Kat TOY Toµta £KµsxaAAsuo11c; Tilt 
British Telecom, yaa Tll 6aaxslptoll, OTO Hvwµtvo Bao(Asto, Tilt wp6opaollc; OTO 
6aaOTllµtK6 xµnµa. 
Ot ouµcpwYl£c; £KµcTaAAsuollc; twY 6t£9Yci>Y opyavtoµ'y x11AstrtKOtYca>vtaKci>v 
6opucp6pca>v uaptxouY oxouc; ouµPaAAoµtvouc; To 6tKa(wµa atroKA£tOTtKnc; 
µsTauci>Anonc; xou 6uYaµtKoU 61aOTllµtKoU xµnµaToc;. noT6oo, 6wwc; txst 0611 
aYacp£p9£(, txst £trttpatr£1 oxnv Eupwwa&Kn tYca>an Pa61ocpC1>v(ac; CEBU) va ayopatsa 
6uvaµtK6 IOU 6taox11µ1KoU xµnµaToc; atr'£U8£lac; atr6 TOY EUTELSAT yaa Ile; 
£,apµoytc; TUuou "Eurovlslon". 
(18) buwc; txsa ava,sp9£(, n ltaAla txs1 611µ1oupyftos1 £t6tK6 opyav10µ6 yaa to 
oKou6 auT6: Tov Telespazlo. 
-32 -
A£6oµtvou TOU £9VlKOU xapaKtnpa TWV ouµpalloµtvwv Kal TWV ouµ,£p6VTWV TOUt 
we; £9v 1 Kwv opyav 'oµwv Tllhtt' Ko' vwv 'wv, µ 1 a oopapn ouvt11£' a tou oriµ£p' vou 
ouotnµatot £Iva& 6t1 o EUTELSAT 6£v £1vaa 0£ atoll va ava11tuoo£1 av£~aPTllT£t 
£µ11op1Ktt otpaTllYlKtc; yaa Tfl 6nµaoupy(a 6l£Upwtta°lKWV 6opucpoptKWV U1tflP£0lWV. 
Ot ouµPall6µevo1 te(vouv va upoypaµµatltouv Kal va 61axe1pltovta1 tnv 
£Kµ£tall£UOll TOU opyav&OµOU 0£ OUVaPTllOfl KUp(wc; µ£ Tl<; £9V&Kt<; TOU<; avayK£<; 
OTOV Toµta TWV Tlll£1tlKOlVWVlaKWV. Ettoµtvwc;, 0 EUTELSAT EX£l avattTUX9£1 
Kup I we; oe tvav µ6vo toµta, otov 0110 Io auolaµpav£ l µeyalutepnc; £1Jttop l Knc; 
£l£U9£plac;, Kal OUYK£Kp&µtva OTOV Toµta 61avoµnc; Tfll£01tTlKWV U1tflP£0lWV. 
t>oov a,opa TllV uapoxn 6uvaµ l Kou 61 aOtlllJ' Kou TµnµaToc;, o' 11 l 9avo I •ope I c; 
£KIJ£Tall£UOllt TOU 6taOTlllJlKOU tµnµatoc; (6opucpoplKWV OUOTlllJaTWV) utt6K£lVTal 
OTl<; 61a61KaO(£c; OUVTOVlOIJOU OX£TlKa µ£ Tlt 11poava,ep6µ£V£t ouxv6TllT£<; Ka& 
TPOXlaKtt 9EO£lt Kat OTlt 61a61Kaol£t OUVTOVlOIJOU OTO ttla(o10 TWV 6&£9vwv 
opyav1oµwv Tlll£tt1Ko1vwv1aKwv 6opu,6pwv uou £~£tatovta1 11epa1Ttpw oto 
K£,ala10 v. Kaa 01 6uo auttc; 61a61Kaolec; avalaµPavovta1 att6 ta Kpatn µtAn 
OTO £9VlK6 £1t(tt£60. 
01 6opu'°p1Ktc; £tt1Ko1vwv(ec; txouv avatttux8e( oe tva 61eevtc; tt£papallov uou 
xapaKTllPlteta& t6oo au6 TllV l6puoll twv Aae9vwv Opyavaoµwv T1ll£111Ko1vwv1aKwv 
Aopu'6pwv, INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT Kai TOU Eupwtta°lKOU Opyav1oµou 
Tnl£1tlKOlVWVlaKWV Aopu,6pwv EUTELSAT, Ka9wc; Kal att6 Tl<; 61a61Kaol£c; 
OUVTOYlOIJOU Tflt Aa£9vouc; 'Evwont Tn.htttKOlVWVlWV OTOV Toµta TWY ouxvon'ltwv 
Kal Tilt 61ax£(pt01lt tnc; tpox1ac;. To 1t£PlPaAAov aut6 OUY£1tayetal ttoAAtc; 
6t£9v£1t 6£oµ£UO£tt y1a ta Kpatll µtAn, 01 ouolec; 11pt11£1 va AaµPavovta1 uu6~n 
0£ 6l£t Tlt avaluo£1c; tou toµta autou. 
Evw o l 61 £9v£ I c; opyav 'oµo I tnhu a Kol vwv 'aKwv 6opu'6pwv ea ouv£x I oouv va 
uaptxouv to µeyaluu:po µtpoc; tou eupwua·iKou 61 aotllµ l Kou tµnµaToc;, Ka l o l 
INTELSAT Kal EUTELSAT ea txouv onµaYTlK6 1tOOOOT6 TOU 6opucpop&KOU 6uvaµ&KOU 
uou elva1 11poo1t6 tn ot1yµn autn OTllV Eupwttll, uollol vtoa '°pe(c; Ka1 vta 
6opucpop1Ka ouotnµata eµ,avltovta1 otov toµta aut6, upayµa uou ea 61£upuvet -
Kat 8a 6&a'°p01tOlnO£l -OUOtaOT&Ka TO £UpWua·iK6 61aOT1lµIK6 tµfiµa Kata Ta 
£tt6µ£va xp6v1a. 
0 I l OXUOUO£<; pu9µ ( 0£ l t 6oov acpopa TO £1t (YE l 0 Ka l TO 6 t aotnµ l K6 tµfiµa Ota 
Kpatn µtln, OUY£Xltouv va avtaVaKlouv, OTl<; 1t£Ploo6T£P£<; 1t£Pl1tTW0£1<;, TflV 
Kataotaon 1tOU £1tlKpaTOU0£ Kata Tl<; 6£KQ£Tl£c; TOU '60 Kat '70, 6Tav n 
£,apµovn TWV 6opucpoptKWV £1tlKOIVWVlWV 1t£PlOP•t6tav, y1a T£XVIKOU<; Kai 
OlKOVOµtKOUt l6youc;, OTll XPnOll TOU<; we; ttp6o9£Tllt o6ou 61aPIPaOllt Tilt 
6t£9vouc; n £8v1Knc; Klvllonc; oe µ£yaA£t a11ootaoe1c; v1a loyap1aoµ6 twv 
opyav1oµwv tlll£tttKoavwvawv. Inµ£pa, ll Kataotaoll ota Kpatn µ£All ouvexlt£1 va 
-33 -
xapaKtnpl~sTal aw6 onµavTlKOU( 1f£PlOPlOµouc OX£TIK6 µg tnv WGPOXn Kai 
£Kµ£T6AAsuon TWV 6opUfPOPIKWV T£pµaTlKWV (£n(yc1wv OTa9µwv) Kai tnv wp6opaon 
oto 6aaon1µ1 Ko tµflµa c 6opucpop 1 Ko 6uvaµ 1 Ko>, Ka8wc Ka a atr6 tnv tAAs 1.pn 
svapµ6v1onc twv 61a6aKaoawv. oa onµspavtc pu8µ1osac 6sv tr£ptAaµP6vouv aKoµn 
tac PaoaKtc apxtc twv pu8µloswv twv ouyxpovwv tnAsntKoavwvawv oa tva 
wsp a P6Uov woAAwv cpoptwv, Kat ouyK£KP a µtva To oa•fl 6 a axwp t oµ6 µe:Ta~u TWV 
KaVOVtOTtKWV A£lTOUPYlWV Kat TWV A£tTOUPYlWV £Kµ£t6AAsuonc. 
noT6oo, uw6 Tnv cw(6paon twv tsxvoAoytKwv t6ocwv Kat tnc ayop6c, 
onµsawvovTaa Twpa ouoaa0Tt1<tc aAAavtc os opaoµtva 1<p6tn µtAn, oa owolsc ea 
1 . .11ropouoav va KaTaAfl~ouv o' tva tr a o avo a KTO trap 1 P6Uov, To owo ( o £ ( va a 
awapaltnto yta Tnv wAflpn xpflon twv vtwv 6uvatotntwv Kat Tnv av6wtu~n 
6opucpopa1<wv ouotnµ6twv Kaa uwnpsoawv supwwaa1<nc KAlµa1<ac. 
-34 -
Ill. TEXNOAorlKEI E:EAl:EII KAI E:EAl:H THI ArOPAI 
o xapaKtt'\pat tnc ouvoA' Kitt ayopat twv 6opucpop' Kci>v utrnpeo' ci>v µetal3aAhta' 
taxutata. Ntec ecpapµovtc eµcpav(~ovtal evci> Ol traAal6t£P£t ev µtpel 
£Ktotr ( ~ovta' . 
Ol KUpl6T£P£C trapa6ocJlaKEC £cpapµovtt TWV 6opu'6pwv OTOV toµta TWV 
tnA£trlKOlVWVlWV -n 6lfl1f£lPWTlKt'\ tnA£«pca)V(a Kal n µeta6oon tnAeotrtlKWV 
trpoypaµµatwv atr6 otouvtlo oe otouvtlo -6ev ea trp£tr£l va avatrtuxeouv 
ypftyopa OTO µtAAov A6yw TOU xaµnAou K60tOUt, tnt µeyaAnc XWPflTIK6tntac Kai 
ucpnAftc tro 16tntac twv vtwv KaAw6 ( wv otrtt Kwv 'vci>v trou eµcpav ( ~ovta' on c 
KUPl6tepec o6ouc 6lal3ll3aonc. Evci> oto trp6acpato trapeA86v, n 6opucpoplKt'\ 
cpwvnt 1 Kt'\ tnAEcpwv (a µtow tou ouotsiµatoc INTELSAT avt 1 trpooci>treue trep ( trou, to 
60% T'lC 6latAaVtlKt'\C Klvnonc, TO 1f0000t6 TflC Klvnonc µ£lwenK£ 6paOtlKQ TO 
1990 µ£ TflV tvap~n Tflt A£ltoupy(ac TWV 6latAavtlKWV OtrTlKWV KaAw6(wv TATS 
Kat PTAT. 
Iuyxp6vwc, Ol T£XVOAOYlKet £~£A(~£lC trOU txouv onµe1w8e( T6ao OTO £trlY£lO 
6ao Kal oto 61aotnµ1K6 tµsiµa, etrttpecpav va 6nµ,oupyn8ouv vtet utrnpeolec via 
ttt etrtX£lPt'\O£lC, Ol otrolet 13aol~ovtal Kuplwc oe µ1Kpa tepµatlKa trou 
µtropouv va totroeetneouv Otlt eyKataotaoelt tou xpftotn Kal etrttpetrouv, µtow 
TOU KataAAnAou KaVOVlOTlKOU trAalolou, TflV trAftpn XPnon TOU 61aetolµou 
6opucpoplKOU 6uvaµlKOU. 
Etr l trUov, n xpnon twv 6opucp6pwv v 'a tnv tnhotrt 'Kt'\ µeta6oan atr' euee lac 
OTOUC xpt'\Ot£C ea trpetr£l va Y£VlK£ueel µ£ tn 6nµ1oupy(a lOXUP6tepwv 
6opucp6pwv Ka' vtwv uxv' Kci>v µeta6oonc, 6trwc tnt texv' Kitt MAC Ka 1 tnt 
trpo13Aetr6µevnc texv1Knt trou trp6K£ltal va tn 6la6ex8el, High Definition CHO) 
MAC. 
To K£cpaAalO aut6 OUYK£VTPWV£tal OTlC vtec £1fl1fTc0o£lC TWV trp6acpatwv 
T£XVOAOYlKWV Kat eµtrOPlKWV taoewv Kaewc Kat OTlC £1fl1fTWO£lC y1a TflV £tr6µevn 
6eKaetla. 01 taoelt auttc trpetret va atroteAouv PaolKet oKtcpelt oxettKa µe to 
µeAAovtlK6 KaVOVl0TlK6 trAa(OlO TWV 6opucpoptKWV £1flKOlVWVlWV OTflV Kotv6tnta. 
Kata TIC apx£t TflC 6£Ka£T(ac TOU 1970, apXl0£ Va avatrTU00£Tal OTflV Eupci>trn 
oelpa trpoypaµµatwv tre1paµatlKci>v 6opucp6pwv trou, Kata tn 6eKaetla tou 1980, 
KattAn~av OTflV avatrTU~fl Tflt trpWTflC Y£V£at £1flX£lPflOlaKWV eupwtralKWV 
6opucp6pwv (0£tpa EUTELSAT-I, 0£tpa TELECOM-I, DFS-Kopernlkus). Ot 6opucp6po1 
auto( elxav Kuplwc oxe61aoeel y1a va 6leuKoAuvouv tnv tnAe«pca)VlKt'\ 6laouv6eon 
Kal tn µeta6oon £lK6vwv. 
-35 -
KaTa Tl'l 6EKaETla 1970 Kai OTlt apxtt Tl'lt 6EKaETlat 1980, 01 6opucpop1Ktt 
EttlKOIVWVIEt 9EWPOUVTO oav aµEOl'l Auon UltOKaTOOTaOn<: TWV ~EU(EWV 61aplpaonc 
-TWV 61 E9vci>v KUP (Wt -y I a TI<= Elt I YE I Et TdEcpwv I Ktt KAnoE It OE µEyaAEc 
altOOTOOElt. H tvvota TOU "VEKPOU onµElou" XPno1µ011otMl1KE yta va Ka9opt09EI 
av 01 6opucp6po1 11poocptpoVTa1 0 6XI yta µ1a 6E6oµtvn Ecpapµoyn. noT6ao, TO 
KPtTnp10 auT6 6Ev EAaµpavE u116~11 Ta EYYEVO 11AeovEKTnµaTa Twv 6opucp6pwv OE 
oxton µE ta E11lyEta ouoTnµaTa: Tnv £KT£Taµtv11 yewypacptKn Touc KaAu~n Ka1 Tl1 
6uvaT6TnTa 61 aeeonc 6uvaµ I KOU OE OUYOPTl10'1 µE T t <: avayK£t, 11payµa ltOU 
£11tTp£tt£t Tl1Y aµeon ava11tu(n 6tKTUWV Kat U1111P£0tWV 0£ £KT£taµtvn 1t£PIOXO· 
Ot 6opucp6po1 a110T£AOUV Eltoµtvw<; Tl1Y t6aYIKO AU011 yta Tl1Y 11apoxn TWV vtwv 0 
£161KWV U1111P£0tWV, KUp(w<; OTlt 11£ptcp£p£1£t 0 OTlt µEIOYEKTIKtt 11£PlOXtt. H 
E(tA1(11 Tl'lt ayopat u1106nAci>vs1 6Tt 0 µeAAOVTtK6t p6Ao<; TWV 6opucp6pwv OTl1V 
Eupci>11n ea ouvloTaTal OTl'l ouµwAnPfJKJ~ TWV g11(ys1wv OUOTnµaTWY EttlKOIVWYIWV: 
e(va1 0110Vl£t 01 U1111PEOl£t y1a Tl<; 0110(£<; ea nTaV KaTaAAnAEt Kai 01 6uo 
TexvoAoylet Kai ea µ11opouoav, e11oµtvwt, va eewpneouv wt avTaywv10T1Ktt 
T£XVOAoyl£t. 
01 11pci>T£t eµ11e1plet 11ou a110KTn811Kav a116 auTa Ta 6opucpop1Ka ouoTnµaTa Kai 01 
Tptxouoet Tsxv0Aoy1Kt~ 11po6601 o6nvnoav otnv ava11Tu(n 1110 110AuuA0Kwv 
6opucp6pwv, 611w~ Twv 6opucp6pwv a11'eu8e(a<; pa610TnAeo11T1Kci>v T11Aeo11T1Kci>v 
µ£Ta66aewv (DBS) TV-SAT/TDF Kai TWV Tl1A£111KOlYWYlaKWY 6opucp6pwv TWV 0£1pci>v 
EUTELSAT-I I Kai TELECOM-I I ltOU avaltTUOOOVTal Tl'l OTIYµn auTn. noT6ao, µ6A1c 
Tci>pa apxl~£l va wptµa~£1 ., T£XVOAoy(a TWV 6opucpoptKWV EltlKOIVWVIWV Kai ., 
eµ11e1pla 11ou txE1 ouvaxeEI Ka8ci>c Kai n tExvoAoyla 11ou txe1 ava11Tuxesl 
XPl10 I µ0110 I OUVta I Tci>pa YI a TOY Ka9op t oµ6 OUOTr}µOTWV £11 l KO I VWV I WV Ta 0110 (a 
Paol~ovTal OE vtec YEV£Et 6opucp6pwv ltOU avTa110KplvovTal OTlt avayK£t TO<: 
Ko1v6Tntat 0£ 6opucpoplKEC U1111PEOl£t OTO Y£VtK6 11Aalo10 Tl'lt avaltTU(flt TWY 
TnAs11 I KO I vwv I ci>v. 
Ita 11apaKOTW K£cpaAa I a avaAuovta I 0 I £(£A I(£ l <: ltOU txouv onµe I W8£ ( OTOV 
Tsxv0Aoy1K6 Toµta Kai oTouc 61a'°pout toµElt Tl'lt ayopac Ka1 11ep1ypacpeTa1 n 
ouvsxci>t au(av6µEvn 61acpopo11olnon twv 6opu'°p1Kci>v u1111peo1ci>v Ka1 Twv '°ptwv 
11apoxnc u1111pE01ci>v. 
H T£XVOAOylKO 11p606ot £1llTpt11£1 onµepa Tl'l 6108£0'1 oacpci>t 1110 
61acpopo110111µtvwv 61ap8pci>o£WV yta OK0110Ut aAAout £KT6t a116 Tl<; attAt<; 
EvaAAaKT 1 Kt<: o6out 61 ap I Paone Tou 6 t KTuou. o 1 cpope ( t 11apoxnc u1111peo 1 ci>v, 
£KT6t Twv opyavtoµci>v TnhmKotvwvtci>v, ea µ11opouv va £KµeTaUsuovTat µe 
aocpaAeta Tit 6tap8pci>a£tt auTt<: µ6Att 8£01110TOUV Ot KataAAnAet KaVOVlOTtKtt 
61aocpaAloet<;. 
Evci> Ol 11apa6001aKt<: TflA£qHl)VlKt<: u1111psol£t Kat Ol pa61ot11Aso11T1Kt<: UltflP£01£t 
y1a TO supu Ko1v6 ouvexl~ouv va avt111poaw11euouv To 90% Twv sa66wv a116 Tit 
6opucpop1Kt<; £111KOIVWV(£<; OTl1V Ko1v6T11Ta, 01 vtec U1111P£01£<; ltOU 11poop(~OVTal 
y1a Tit s11txe1pnoe1<;, 611w<; Ta µov66poµa ouoTnµaTa Ka1 Ta aµcpl6poµa 
61aAoy1Ka ouoTnµaTa a116 onµelo oe 110AAa11Aa 011µs(a, Kaeci>c Kai Ta ouoTnµaTa 
ouyKhTpca>ant e16noewv µtow 6opucp6pou CSNG -Satellite News Gathering) -
611Aa6n ouyKtvTpwont e16noswv Kai 6e6oµtvwv a116 110AAa 011µe(a -11apouo1a~ouv 
110AA£<; 6uvaT6Tl1T£<; ava11TU(1'1<;, ecp6aov TO KaYOVIOTIK6 11Aa(o10 s(va1 KaTaAAnAo 
y1a va £111TPE~£1 Tl1V ava11tu(n TOUt. 
-36 -
Ol TEXYOAOVlKEt aAAayt~ nou onµElWVOVTQl OTO 6&aotnµ&K6 toµta anot£Aouv tn 
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avtloto&xa µ1Kp6tepo1 -npayµa nou noAAanAao&a~£1 onµavt1Ka tit 6uvat6tntet 
xpnont tnt texvoAoylat twv 6opucp6pwv. H KaAutepn xpnon twv ouxvotntwv Kat 
twv texv1Kwv 61axelp1ont txouv au~noe1 to npayµat1Ka 61aeto1µ0 eupot ~wvnt. 
E~aHou, n wcp£A I µn 6 l apKE la ~wnt TWY 6opucp6pwv i;x£ I touAax l OTOV 
61 dao1aoeel. 
1.1. H 61ggTDUlKD TExyoAoy(g 
H T£XVOAoy(a TWV 6opucpoplKWY KEPOlWV E~EAlxenKE TOXUTQTQ Kata tnv TEAEuta(a 
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Ka& tnt ouµcp6pnont tnt yEwotataKn~ tpox&at, txouv E~eupeeEl vta µtoa vaa 
tnv Enavaxpno&µonolnon twv ouxvotntwv µtow tn~ au~nµtvnt an66oon~ tou 
61acppayµato~ Kaa tnt AE1toupylat noAAanAwv otEvwv 6Eoµwv aKtlvwv 
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OUYKEKP l µtva 6p la OTO £6acpo~, QVT ( va KaAuttTE l µla oA6KAnPn yewypacp l Kn 
~wvn>. Kata tat En6µEVEt 6EKaEtlEt ea ouvExloouv va aoKouvtaa n&toEa~ y1a 
tn PEAtlwon tnt xpnon~ twv ouxvotntwv. 
H an'eueElat 61aouv6Eon twv 6opu'6pwv Kaa twv oµa6wv 6opu'6pwv µtow 
61a6opucpoplKWV ~EU~EWV (ISL -lntersatel I lte I Inks) E~Eta~ETOI onµEpa 
npoKE&µtvou va au~neouv ttEpaattpw n euda~(a Kaa n 61aouv6eo1µ6tnta twv 
61Ktuwv. 01 61apepwoE1t oµa6wv 6opucp6pwv oto 61aotnµa nou, an6 to £6acpot, 
6(vouv tnv £VTU1tWOfl 6tl pp(OKOVTQl OE µ(a TPOXlaKn eton, £1tltp£nouv TflV 
opeoAoy l Kn au~non TWV 6opucpop l KWV 61 KTUWV. H 61 aouv6eon TWV 6opucpop l KWV 
61KTUWV ea 6lEUPUVEl tnv KaAu,n tn~ np6oPaont Ota 6(KtUa, EYW ea attOTPE,El 
ta 61nAa aAµata KOi, OUYXP6VWt, ea EttlTPE,El tn 61aouv6EOfl TWV uttnPEOlWV. 
Enlon~. ea µnopouoE va au~noE1 ta~ ywvlEt avucpwont twv En(yE1wv otaeµwv, 
npayµa ttOU ea tAUVE TO np6PAnµa Tfl~ KaAu,nt. H avantu~n tn~ TEXVOAoy(at TWV 
OttTlKWV £1tlKOlVWVlWV yta TOUt 6opucp6pout, QPXlOE OTflV Eupwnn µE Tit 
EpEuvntlKEt 6paotnpt6tntEt Tflt EYA KOi n 6oKtµn tnt npwtnt ~EU~flt OtttlKnt 
6opucpop&Kflt 6lOOUV6EOnt OE TPOXla ea y(VEl Kata Tit OPXEt Tfl~ 6EKQ£t(a~ TOU 
'90. 
nao np6ocpata, txEa apxloE1 va e~eta~etaa n xpnon twv 6opucp6pwv t~w an6 to 
nAa(OlO TWV YEWOTQTlKWV etOEWV, OE TPOXlEt nou pp(OKOYTQl KOVTa OTl'l vn, 
npayµa nou Ett1tp£nE1 va E~aocpaAaoeel EupEla KaAu,n µE tnv nAnPn xpnon twv 
vtwv µEe66wv an'EueElat Ett1Ko1vwv1wv oto 61aotnµa oto nAa(oao µEyaAwv 
6opucpoplKWV OUOtnµatwv n 0£ E~alpETIKa EAAElttTIKE~ TPOXlEt Wot£ va 
a~1ono1n8ouv 01 µEyaAut£PEt ywv(e~ avu,won~ twv ouotnµatwv autwv. H tEXV&Kt'l 
autn avaµtvstaa va avantuxeEl nayKooµlwt Kata tn 6sKaEt(a tou '90 Kai ea 
XP1101µono1n8s( KUp(wt OTOV Toµta TWV KlVl'lTWV £1tlKOIVWVlWV. 
-37 -
1.2. Xo6gn ytwy ZwyWy guxyox6xwy 
H ouµ.,Op11011 twv twvwv ouxvoxnxwv Kai 11 au~av6µ£v11 wf £011 wou a0Kslta1 y1a tl'l 
6109£011 IJEyaAUIEPOU EUpouc; ouxvoxnxwv 0£ 61acpopec; unnp£ol£c;, 06nv11oav OI11V 
avantU~11 I11C I£XYOAoy(ac; Tl1C twv11c; IWY 10/20 GHZ Kai 20/30 GHz. 0 
ne1paµax1K6c; 6opucp6poc; OLYMPUS xnc; EYA Kat o 6opucp6poc DFS/Kopernlkus 
Crepµav(a) 61a8EIOUV n611 £~onA1oµouc; EnlKOlVWVlWV yaa I11 61£VEPY£la 60KllJWV 
Otte; VEE( aUIEC twv£c; ouxvoxnxwv. 0 ITALSAT ea e(va1 o £1f61J£VOC 6opucp6poc; 
1fOU ea IJETO,EPEI I11 twv11 Ka Ka9wc; Kat n£1paµaTlKOUC £~onAlOIJOUC Kai yaa Tl1 
twvn TWV 40/50 GHz. 
H xpnon xnc; tWvnc; xwv 20-30 GHz £n1xpEne1 Kat'apxnv xac; 61aP1Paoe1c; npoc; 
Kai an6 woAu IJlKPQ I£PIJOTlKO XPl10TWV, Kai £1f01JEVW( £lva1 011µavt1Kn yaa Tl( 
an' eu8£ I ac; sc,apµoyEc; xwv XPnoxWv, 6nwc; t 1 c; unnp£o ( £( nou acpopouv t 1 c; 
sn1xs1pnO£l( Kai KUplwc; TIC Tl1A£ontlKEC ouvs6p1aoe1c;. 
/\6yw TWV anal xnoewv OTOY TOIJEO xnc; twv11c; ouxvoxnxwv' npo(JAEn£tat OT t Ot 
µeta66oe1c; 0£ £Up£(a twv11 yaa I11Y T11A£6pao11 Y•nAnc; EuKplveaac; 9a 
npayµaxouoaouvtat oxo IJEAAov oxn twvn xwv 20/30 GHz, aKoµn Kl av, 
ppaxunp69eoµa, n HDTV CHD-MAC) ot£vnc; twvnc; µnope( va xp1101µowo1el 
OUXV6Tl1T£( IWV 12/17 GHr Otl'lV U1fOPXOUOa twvn Ku. 
1.3. AuEngn TDC 61goK£laC Zw6c 
npo(JAE1f£tat 6x1 11 ouvoA1Kn 61apK£1a twnc; xwv 6opucp6pwv ea ouvexloet va 
au~av£' OTO IJEHov y I a va avEU£' 0£ 20-25 XPOY' a £Y6£XOIJEYWC' xapn Oil'l 
xpno11 xnc; 0AoKAnpwo11c; os uoAu µeyaAn KAlµaKa oxouc; e~onAaoµouc 6opucpop1Kwv 
£nlKOlYWVlWV, OTl'lV nAEKIPlKfl np6won, OTOUC noµttouc; IJE KpuotaHotp166ouc; 
1 oxuoc; v 1 a x 1 c tWvec; Ka Ka 1 Ku, oxnv ec,apµoyn ano6ox 1 Kotepwv nA 1 aKwv 
1flYOKWY K.Att. 
2. Avlnnu~q Tou cwlysaou T~~~aTO( 
H OUVEXnC (J£At(WOl1 IOU £~onAlOIJOU TWV £1f(Y£lWV Ota8µwv, KOi KUp(wc; 11 aU~l1011 
xnc an66oonc tcov K£pa1wv Kat xnc £ua10811olac tcov 6£KtWv, ttou Paolteta1 otn 
OUVEXWC au~av6µ£Vl1 1fOAU1fAOK6tnta Tl'l( TEXVOAoy(ac; IOU 6taOTl11JlKOU tµnµaxoc;, 
EXEi 0611vnoe1 0£ 8eaµat1Kn µe(won IOU IJEYE8ouc; Kai IOU KOoTOUC TWV £1flY£lWV 
oxa8µWv, elte ttpoKEttat via xnv xnAecpwvla Kat xnv xnAeottttKn 61avo1-1n elte 
y1a Tl( £1flX£1Pl11JOTlKEC £1flKOlYWY(£c;. 
-38 -
01 enlye101 6opucpop1Kol ota8µol npwtnc;; veveac;; anoteAouoav µeyaAec;; 
eyKataotaoe1c;; e~o11A1oµtvec;; µe Kepa(ec;: 61aµetpou 30 nep(nou µttpwv, Ka1 Ka9e 
XWPO 61£8£TE £va µ6vo n 1f£PIOPIOµ£vo ap19µ6 OTa9µwv 1fOU ntaV OUV6£6£µ£VOI 
KOi 8£Wp£(TO 6t1 avnKaV OTfl 6nµ6o1a U1t06oµn TflAE1flKOIVWVlWV. 01 Ota8µo( 
auto( enttpenav tnv np6oPaon otouc;: 6opucp6pouc;: Tou INTELSAT Ka1, apy6tEpa, 
Otouc;: 6opucp6pouc;: TOU INMARSAT KQl TOU EUTELSAT. H Kataotaon autn hel 
aHa~EI twpa Pl~lKO. N£01 Ota8µo( Elval onµepa 6108£01µ01 y1a e161K£c;: 
E'apµoytc;: XPflOTWV, 1f0U AEITOUPYOUV µ£ K£pa(ec;: 61aµetpou 0,5-2,5 µetpwv KQl 
µnopouv va tono8£Tfl80UV un6 TOV thyxo TOU XPnOT'l Ka l KOT, EU8E (av OT l c;: 
EYKOTOOTOOElc;: TOU. 
H TEXVOAoy1Kn eUA1~" snhpEcpE KUp(wc;: T'l 6'1µ1oupy(a 61KTUWV VSAT ("Very 
Smal I Aperture Terminals" -enlyE1wv ota8µwv e~onA1oµtvwv µE noAu µ1Kpn 
Kepa(a), av Ka1 OE noAu nep1op1oµtv" KAlµaKa OT'lV Eupwn" A6yw twv 
neplOPlOTlKWV KQVOVlOTIKWV 61ata£ewvC19). 
IT'l OUYKEKplµEV'l neplnTWO'l TWV an'Eu8e(ac;: 6opucpop1KWV pa610T'lAEont1KWV 
µEta66oewv (DBS), y1a tic;: onolec;:, apx1Ka, 8Ewpelto 6t1 µ6vo 01 6opu,6po1 
"µeyaA'lc;: lOXUOc;:" e(va1 KOtOH'lAOl, " au£,,µtvn EUQl09'10la TWV 6£KTWV µe 
xaµ'1A6 96pupo txE l En l tpecpE l t11v an' eu9e ( ac;: Ancp11, an6 atoµ l Ktc;: µova6Ec;:, 
t11A£ont1Kwv 011µatwv 6opucp6pwv tnA£ont1Knc;: 61avoµnc;: "µtone;; 1oxuoc;:", 6nwc;: twv 
ASTRA KQl EUTELSAT, µE Aoy1Kn no16tnta, aK6µn Kl 6tav n 61aµetpoc;: TWV 
KEpa l WV 6EV uneppa (VE l ta 60 EK. r la TO A6yo aut6, E (val 6UOKOAO va 
npoo61op108ouv Ta 6p1a µeta£u TWV UnflpEOlWV, a''E:v6c;:, nou, ouµ,wva µ£ TOUc;: 
op1oµouc;: nou xpno1µono1ouvta1 61e9vwc;: Otouc;: KQVOVIOµouc;: Tfl<: ITU, £(Val 
6opucpop1Ktc;: pa61ot11AE01tTIKEc;: unnpeo(ec;: (BSS), KOi, a''Ettpou, TWV 
pa61otnAE01fTIKWV £,apµoywv nou AElTOUpyouv OTO 11Aa(o10 TWV Ota9epwv 
6opu,optKWV unnp£OIWV (FSS). 
nap'6t1 n µeAAovt1Kn e££A1£n otov toµta aut6 6ev npoPAtnEta1 va elvaa t6oo 
8eaµat1Kn 000 Kata TflV TEAEUta(a 6EKOET(a, 01 VEEc;: TEXVOAoy(Ec;: 9a 
ouvExloouv va npoo,tpouv a10811ttc;: PeATIWoEtc;:, T6oo 6oov acpopa to K6oToc;: 6oo 
Kat tnv an66oon, £Toa WoTE n xpnon µ1Kpwv tepµaT1Kwv y1a 6AEc;: Tic;: 
6opucpop1Kec;: unnpEolec;: 8a npooeAKUEI OUVEXWc;: µeyaAUtEPO £V6ta,£pov. 
3. napa6ooaaKtc uwqpsolsc 
Mua£u Twv un11pEo 1 wv auTwv ouµnEp 1Aaµpavovta1 o 1 napa6oo 1 aKtc;: unnpeo let; 
"an6 OflµE:(O OE OflµE(o" y1a Ta 'WVflTIKO onµaTa, Ta 6E6oµ£va OTfl 'WVl1T1Kn 
ouxv6Tnta Ka1 tn 61aPlPaon 6e6oµtvwv, 01 onolec;: xpno1µono1ouv Kuplwc;: tic;: 
6opucpoptKEt; EnlKOlVWVlEc;: we;: evaAAaKTtKn 066 61aPlPaonc;: OTO 6(KTUO. raa Tit; 
unnpeo(ec;: aut£c;:, 11 6opucpop1Kn µ£T0600'l e(vat ouvn8wc;: "'O 6a"avnp~ an'6,TI 11 
Enlye1a µeTa60011 6oov acpopa Tic;: µ1Kptc;: ano0Taoe1c;: oTo 11Aalo10 Tflc;: Eupwn11c;:. 
'EXEi ano6e1x9El 6t1, y1a 01Kovoµ1Kout; A6youc;:, 11 E'apµovn autn, nou Elxs 
apx1Ka oxe61ao9s( we;: n KUPl6TEPl1 E,apµoyn TWV 6opu,op1KWV Tl1AE1f1KOIYWYIWV 
61Ka10Aoye(Ta1 µ6vo y1a Tic;; ouv6toe1c;; "an6 aKpo oe aKpo" µETa£u Twv 
1tEPl,EPEIQKWV xwpwv Ka9wc;: Kai y1a Tl1Y napoxn eutAIKTWV Kai E,£6PIKWV o6wv 
(19) Inµspa, Ta 6(KTUQ VSAT anOTEAOUVTal an6 µ1a KEVTPIKn KE:pa(a 9 ewe;; 13 µ£TPWY 
y1a TOV tAeyxo TOU 61KTUOU Kai 6UVl1TIKO µEyaAo ap19µ6 anoµaKpuoµtvwv 
E1t(Y£1WV µov66poµwv n aµ,(6poµwv OTa8µwv XP110TWY µ£ KEpa(a 1-2,5 µ£tpwv. 
-39 -
61aPlPaont, nou µnopouv va aAAa~ouv 61ap8pwon via va P£At1wvouv tout 
xp6vout anoKataotaont tou 61Ktuou OE neplntwon PAaPn<: twv £nlyeawv ~eu~ewv. 
To µeyaAutepo µ£po<: TWV ouvoAlKWV eo66wv an6 Tlt tnAenlKOlVWVlQKEt 
unnpeol£t otn AutaKn EupwnnC20) to 1989, nou avt1npooci»neu£ nep(nou 95 
61O£Katoµµup1 a ECU, KaAunt£ta l an6 t 1 <; en (ye a et µeta66oe 1 <;. rto eev a K6 
en(ne6o, ta too6a nou npotpxovtaa an6 tn 6opuc,op1Kn ,wvnt1Kn tnAe~v(a 6ev 
KaAuntouv oe Kaµ (a nep ( ntwon to 1% tou ouv6Aou. t>oov ac,opa t 1 t 61 eave ( <; 
KAnoelt OTO "Aa/010 tnt Eupwnn<;, Ol 6opuc,oplKEt µeta660£lt avtanpoowneuouv 
µ6A1<; 2-3%. t>trw<: txea ava,ep9e(, wot6oo, 01 6opu,6po1 na(~ouv oa~<; 
onµavt l K6tepo p6Ao OT l '= 61 nne l PWT t dt; en l KO l vwv ( £t; -av KO l ,e ( YOVTQ 0£ 
oxton µe to ouvoA1K6 nooooT6 -6e6oµtvou 6t1 01 en1Ko1vwvle<: autt<: 
avtanpooci»neuav nep(nou 60% Tilt; Klv11011~ Kata Tl'l 6£KaeT(a tou '80. 
H PeAtlwon tn~ XPnon~ TOU 61aotnµ1KOU TµnµaTo~ xap11 OTnv TEXVOAOYlKn np6o6o 
KQl OTn µe(won TOU µeyteout; Kat TOU K6otout; TWV £1tlY£lWV OTa8µwv 
npoPA£netal 6Tl, µ£001tp6eeoµa, ea ent,Ep£t µe(won TOU K60TOU<; TWV 6opu,6pwv 
ava 6(auAo. 00t6oo, TO K60TO~ TWV £1t(Y£lWV TEXVOAoytWV onµ£lWV£l aK6µn ltlO 
ypnyopn ltTWOn. H 1tOt6TnTa Kat TO 6uvaµtK6 TWV 6teevwv KaAw61aKWV ~£U~£WV 
PEATlWVOVTQl OUV£XW<: Kat unapxouv aµ,1P0Al£<: yaa TO Kata n6oo n au~av6µevn 
xwpnttK6tnTa Twv KaAw6(wv TAT (Trans Atlantic) Kat PTAT (Private Trans 
Atlantic) ea ennpeaoouv Tn xpnon Twv 6opu'6pwv. Ta vta auta ~n,aaKa ontaKa 
KaAw61a, EK TWV ono(wv TO npWTO (TAT-8) anonepatw8nK£ TO A£K£µPpto 1988, 
npoo,tpouv oa'w~ µ&yaAutepn xwpnt t K6Tnta µe K6otot xaµnA6t£po an6 £K£ ( vo 
TWV avaAoylKWV KaAw6(wv. t>Trwt EX£t n6n ava,£p8e(, n 6nµtoupy(a TWV KaAw6(wv 
ontaKwv tvwv npoPAtnetaa 6t1 ea µetwoe1 Tl'lV avaAoy(a twv 61atAavt1Kwv 
~vnt 1 Kwv KuKAwµaTwv nou xpno t µono 1 ouv 6opu,6pou<: OTO 30% tw.;; 40% tou 
ouv6Aou tw<; to 1995(21) £vavTl 60% nep(nou to 1989 . 
o a vt£<: unnpeo let -µe £~al p&on tnv tnhont' Kn 6 t avoµn -npoop l ~ovta 1 
Y£VlKQ yaa £t6lKE~ oµa6£<: XPnOTWV £1ttX£lPOO£WV Kal 6xt yaa TO eupu KOtv6. 
En ( TOU nap6vTo~, e ( va 1 ~11' 1 adt t t t; nep 1 oo6t£P£t c,opt~ Ka 1 KaAuntouv 
Kuplwt ttt &161K£t ,wvnT1K£~ unnpeole<; Kat ta<; unnpeol£<; 61aPlPaon<: 
6e6oµ£vwv, Ka8w~ Kaa tat tnAeontaKt<; ouv&6p1aoe1<;. 
(21) To unoPpuxao 61atAavt1K6 KaAw610 onTlKWV avwv TATS µnope( va µeTa6(6ea 
ouyxp6vw<; 40.000 tnA&,wvaKt<: KAnoea<:, tvavTa µepaKwv µ6vo £Katovta6wv an6 
ta ouµPataKa oµoa~ovtKa KaAw61a. 
-40 -
4.1. Tunonotnutyec 6opUIOQlKEC WDllaKtc UUDQEQ(Ec 
O 1 Tunono' rn.1tve.; 6opucpop t dt;; CllllCI t aKtt UBllPEO (Et; nou npoop ( ~ovTa' y 1 a T t <: 
enaxe1ptioe1c;:, µe CllllCllaKtc;: TAXUTllT£<: 64 kblt/s Kat µeyaAuTEPEc;: (U1tllPEOIEc;: 
Tuuou SMS C 22 >/I BS C 23 » uaptxovTa 1 oflµEpa OTllV Eupwttll au6 Touc;: E9v' Kouc;: 
opyav1oµout;; TllAE1tlKOlVWVlWV -Wt; ouµPaAAoµtvwv µepwv TWV ouµcpwv1wv EUTELSAT 
KQl INTELSAT -µtOCI) TWV K£VTPlKWV E1t(Y£lWV OTaeµwv noAAwv ouv6poµllTWV nou 
KaTaAflyouv OE E1tlYElQ TEpµaTlKQ OllµE(a OTlc;: EYKQTQOTOOElt;; Kaee 1tEAOTll. 
ITO ttAa(OlO Tilt EUPW1tllt;;, WOT6oO, TO U1t6 avattTU~ll En(yElO CllllCllAK6 6(KTUO ea 
uaptxE 1 OE ouvExw<: au~av6µevo paeµ6 T 1 c;: UttllPEO l e:c;: aud.;. npayµaT 1 , µe: 
e:~a(pEOll TllV nep(ttTWOll nou tvac;: £1t(ye:10<; OTaeµ6c;: £~UUllPETE( uoAAout;; XPt'IOTEc;: 
Kal XPllOlµ01tOlE(Tal OUOTllµaTlKO, upoPAttte:Tal 6Tl Ta E1tlY£lQ KaAw6laKa 
6(KTua ea naptxouv cpllCltadc;: UttllPEO(Ec; aTt6 Oflµelo oe Oflµelo µE K6oro' 
xaµf1A6repo an6 EKElvo TWV 6opucpop1Kwv ouoTflµaTwv. Euoµtvw.;, avaµtve:Tat 6Tl 
01 6opuc,6po1 ea ouvExloouv va XPllOlµono1ouvTa1 ppaxunp6ee:oµa ot1c;: 
ne:p1ntciaae:1c;: nou 01 e:n(y£tEc;: EYKataotaoe:1c;: e:(va1 ave:napKe:(c;:, µe:ooup69e:oµa, 
6µw.;, 01 ttEAate:t ea otptcpovtal oe: ouvexwt au~av6µevo paeµ6 upo.; tlc;: 
EnlyE1Ec;: UttllPEOlEc;:, µe e:~alpEOll Tlc;: µEyaAEc;: anootaoe:1c;. 
H KQTQOTAOll txe:1 1tEPl1tAAKE( aK6µ1l 1tEPlOa6te:po OTllV EUPW1tll A6yw TOU 6lTTOU 
ouµ,tpovToc;: twv Opyav1oµwv T1lAen1Ko1vwv1wv uou Elva1 ouvxp6vw.; 
Q1tOKAEl0TlKO( 61avoµe:(t;; TWV 6opucpoptKWV U1tllPEOlWV TWV INTELSAT KQl EUTELSAT 
Kat cpope(c;: EKµeTaAAe:uollc;: tile; e:n(yE1ac;: uuo6oµti.;, Kat 6e:6oµtvou 6tt o 
EUTELSAT KUP (Wt -un6 Tl c;: Ollµe:p l vt.; ouv8t'IKe:c;: -6EV E' val OE atoll va 
61aetoe:1 Tlt vtEc;: auttc;: U1tllPEOIEc;: an'e:ueela.; otouc;: KatavaAwttc;: OE 6All TllV 
Kotv6TllTA. ITllV ue:p(nTWOll TWV U1tllPEOlWV SMS, ll KQTQOTaOll autti o6nYll0E OE 
OllµaVTlKti Ka9UOTEPll01l OTllV ElOaywyfl U1tllPEOlWV KQl OTllV tAAElCIJll OUVTOVlOµou 
OTOV Toµ ta TOU µapKET l VYK. 0 l Opyav l oµo ( TllAE1t l KO l vwv l WV 1tOU El otiyayav 
EYKA(pwc;: Tlc;: U1tllPEO(Et;; TOUt;; 6EV µn6pEOQV va 1tPOOCIEPOUV TrlV auapa(TllTll 
61e:8vn KaAucpll y1a va npooe:AKuoouv Kplotµll µa~a ue:Aatwv WaTE va e~ao,aA(oouv 
yptiyopa Tll P1wo1µ6T1lta twv U1tllPEOlwv. 
r la TO A6yo aut6' ll U1tllPEO (a SMS TOU EUTELSAT 1tOU npoop ( ~e:Ta l y la Tl <: 
E1t l XE l PtiOE l c;: 6EV µu6pEOE va C1800E l Ota 1tPOPAEn6µEVA E1t ( 1tE6a avattTU~l'l<:, 
upayµa 1tOU EKCIPO~E l Tll OllµEp l vn a6uvaµ (a TWV 60PUCIOP l KWV E1t l KO l vwv l WV va 
E~ao,aA(oouv TllV EUPW1tQtKti KlVllOll, OE avtlee:Oll µ£ Tll 6lll1tElPWTlKti KlVllOll. 
(22) SMS: Sate I 11 te Mui t I Service (UUllPEO(a EµnoplKWV E1tlKOlVWYlWV TOU 
EUTELSAT y1a ttc;: E1tlXElPtiOElc;:). 
(23) IBS: INTELSAT Business System. 
-41 -
4.2. A(KTUQ T£QUQTlKWy g1g8ujy u£ noAU UlKQD K£pg(g CVSATl 
I10 nayK6oµ10 £nlne6o, apxt~e1 va ava6U£Ta1 vta ayopo u~nAnc; avonTu~nc; y1a 
Ta t61wTlKO 6opu,op1Ko 6lK1ua an6 onµ£1o oe noAAanAo onµ£(a nou Paol~ovTa1 
oe: vta T£pµaT l KO nep lop l oµtvou µ£yteouc; nou houv e: a 61 KO OX£6 a aOT£ l 0£ 
OUYOPTnon µ£ Tl c; OYOVK£c; K08£ ne:AoTn KO l TWY ono (WY TnY £Kµ£TOll£UOn 
avaAaµpavouv 11c; neptoo6Tepe:c; 'optc; Tp(Tol cpope:lc; napoxnc; unnpe:otWv. 
~£6oµtvou 6t1 Ol 61ao1aoe:1c; Kai TO K6otoc; TWY Te:pµaTIKWY autWY µe:tWYOYTQl 
ouve:xwc; a,·e:v6c;, Kai, a,·e:1tpou, 6t1 1a re:pµa11Ko auTa µnopoUv va 
Tono8e:1n80Uv an6 touc; cpope: l c; napoxnc; unnpe:o l wv µe ao,oAe la 01 l c; 
eyKatao1ooe:1c; 1ou xpnotn Kal va Ae11oupy0Uv un6 tov £Ae:vx6 tou, n napoxn 
nap6µ01wv £Kte:1aµtvwv 6opu,op1Kwv 61K1Uwv noAAanAwv onµ£(wv £(vat 
OlKOYOµlKO ano60TlK6Te:pn KQl n µe:yoAn £Udl~(a TWY 6opu,oplKWY T£XYIKWY 
e:n1Tptne1 va e~e:upe:9ouv ap101ono1nµtve:c; AUoe:1c; y1a Ko9e ne:Aatn. Ta 6(KTua 
au10 av11npoowne:Uouv 1nv apxn µ1ac; vtac; e:noxnc; an6 tnv on~n 611 01 
1e:pµa11Kol e:~onA10µ0( Kat Ol ~eU~e1c; 61aptpaonc; XPno1µono10Uv1at 
anoKAe:1ot1Ka y1a t1c; ana1tnoe:1c; ev6c; xpno1n, e:vw 01 unnpe:ole:c;, t6oo tunou 
SMS 6oo Kat 1uttou IBS, xpnotµotto1ouvta1 att6 Ko1vou. Ta t61w11Ka 6(KTua 
1e:pµaTlKWY npoo,tpouv 1n 6uvat6tn1a avottTu~nc; vtwv e,apµoyWv y1a 11c; 
e:1u xe: l pftoe: l c; oe: £KTe:taµtve:c; ye:wypa' l de; nep l oxtc;. Avd 9e:1a, e:~a l ti ac; tnc; 
1e:xv1Knc; Ka1 t1µ0Aov1aKtic; touc; 6oµnc;, ta enlye1a 6lKTua e:(va1 aKatoAAnAa 
y 1 a I 1 c; vte:c; auttc; µov66poµe:c; Ka 1 aµcp l 6poµe:c; 61aAoy1 Ktc; e:cpapµoytc; an6 
onµe:lo oe: noAAanAo onµela -nou elva1 ouxvo 61aKpat1KoU xapaKttipa -t101 
ci>ote: 01 e:,apµoyE:c; autE:c; 6e:v ea µnopE:oouv n18avwc; va avantuxeouv no1E:. Ta 
tepµat1Ka nou xpno1µono1ouvta1 via 11c; ota9e:ptc; 6opu,opaKE:c; unnpe:ole:c; 
KaA0Uv1a1 ouvn9wc; VSAT ("Very Smal I Aperture Terminals" -T£pµa11Ko( 
01a8µ0( e:~onA1oµE:vo1 µe noAu µ1Kpn Kepa(a -ti "µ1Kp0Te:pµa11Ko"). not6oo, ta 
K1vn10 te:pµaTtKo Kat Ta te:pµattKa pa61oe:vTon1oµou µnopouv £nlonc; va 
ee:wpouvraa 6t1 anote:Aouv µtpoc; tnc; Katnyoplac; auTnc;. 
01 unnpe:o(e:c; TtOU e:(va1 61ae£01µe:c; OTO l6lWTIKO 6(KTUQ TEPIJOTlKWV napE:xovtal 
ouvnewc; an6 touc; ,ope: ( c; napoxnc; unnpe:o l WY TtPOOT l etµevnc; a~ ( ac; 0 l OTtO ( 0 l 
xpno l µono 1 ouv to 61aotnµ1 K6 tµnµa nou µ l oewvouv an6 tvav 'opta 
E:Kµe:toAAe:uonc; TOU 61 aornµ l KOU Tµtiµatoc;. AttOTdOUV, e:noµtvwc;, nnyti e:o66wv 
t6oo y1a touc; cpope:lc; e:Kµe:toAAeuonc; 6oo Ka1 y1a rouc; cpope:lc; napoxnc; 
unnpe:o' Wv. Iuµ,wva µe: t l c; e:Kt 1 µtioe: l c;, n npoot 1 8E:µe:vn a~ i a 10 1989 otnv 
Eupwnn an6 Touc; cpope:(c; napoxnc; 6opucpop1KWv unnpe:oawv y1a tic; £n1xe:1pnoe:1c; 
avnA8e: oe: 55 e:KaToµµup1a ECU. 
o roµtac; auT6c; ouvexl~e:l va e:(va1 ne:p1op10µ£voc; an6 ano~nc; ouvoAlKWV e:o66wv 
oe: oxton µ£ Ile; 6opucpoplKEc; tnAe:,WYlKEc; 6taP1Paoe:1c; KQl Ile; aAAe:c; 
napa6001aKE:c; e:cpapµoytc; TWY 6opu,6pwv, Ka9wc; KOl ta too6a ltOU TtPOEPXOVTQl 
an6 1ouc; 61aUAouc; 6opucpop1Ktic; TnAe:6paonc;. no1600, e:Kt1µ01a1 611 ta too6a 
twv e:n1xe:1pnµat1Kwv unnpe:o1Wv µnopoUv va avtA8ouv ne:p(nou oe: 900 
e:Katoµµupaa ECU twc; ta µtoa 1nc; 6e:Kae:Tlac; Tou '90, 6nAa6n va une:pPouv to 
30% tou ouv6Aou twv eo66wv nou napoyovTa 1 an6 1nv napoxn 6opucpop l KWV 
unnpe:o1wv, e:,6oov ap8oUv 01 Kavov1011Ko( ne:p1op10µ0(. 
E161K61e:pa, 01 e:v A6yw unnpe:ole:c; npooT18tµe:vnc; a~(ac; e:lva1 01 e:~tic;: 01 
6opucpop1Ktc; e:16noe:oypa,1Ktc; unnpe:ole:c; (Satel I ite Information Services) oto 
Hvwµtvo Bao(Ae:lO TtOU, an6 6te:t(ac; KOi ttAE:ov, OVOKOlVWYOUY, XOPn 0£ 10.000 
ne:plnou 1e:pµa11Ko µ6vo An~nc;, ta anoteAtoµata Twv lnno6poµ1wv Kal 11c; 1aµE:c; 
TWY 0101xnµaTWY OTouc; µTtOUKIJEIK£pc; KOi OTlc; £1tlXE:lpnoe:1c; y1a TOY un0Aoy10µ6 
TWY ouvoA l KWY K£p6wv. TO Is Is' oUonwa nap6µo l 0 µe: E:K£ (YO TtOU 
xpno1µono1el1a1 otn raAAla, Kat to PolyCom, nou avaKoavwve1 e:16noe:1c; 01ouc; 
pa6100Ta8µouc; Ka1 011c; e:,nµe:pl6e:c;, nAnpocpople:c; oxe:11Ko µe: 10 xpnµat101np10 
a~1Wv otouc; xpnµat101E:c; Ka1 µe:1e:wp0Aoy1KE:c; nAnpo,ople:c; 010 pa616~vo, 01nv 
tnAe:6paon Kal 0£ aAAa µtoa µa~tKnc; e:vnµtpwonc;. 
-42 -
'Ooov acpopa Ia aµ,l6poµa I£pµat1Ka VSAT, op1oµtv1<; µ6vo £Katovta6ec µn6peoav 
va EYKaiaOia8ouv Oinv Ko1v6Inia IO 1990 A6yw IWV B£PIOPIOIIKWV KaVOVIOIIKWV 
61ata~ewv -nap'6t1 elxav avaAn,eel op1oµtv£<; onµavitKt<; npwtof3ouA(ec;C24). 
4.3. TnA1onI1Kic guy16p1gg11c 
Ot 6opu'6pot anoIEAOUV onµ1pa IO KUpl6IEPO µtoo µ£Ia6oon<; BOU 
xpno1µono1e(ta1 y1a Tl<; tnAeonI1Kt<; ouv16p1aoe1c;. not6oo, 01 unnp1olec;: nou 
avantUOOOVIal OTO £Upwna·iK6 nAa(OIO npo(3A£n£Ial 6It 8a aVIlµEIWB(OOUV 
au~nµtvo avtaywv10µ6 an6 Ia 1n(y11a 6(Ktua µ1Iaywync;: Iwv 2 Mblt/s Kata tnv 
npooexn 6£Ka£I la. nptne 1 va onµ11 w9£ l 6I 1 Ia 6uo IP (Ia twv eo66wv nou 
upotpxovtaa an6 Tac; tnA1onI1K£c;: ouv16p1ao11c;: acpopouv In µ1Ia6oon Ka1 
npin£1, y1a Io A6yo aut6, va ouµn1p1Aaµf3avovta1 ota too6a Iwv £n1x11pno1wv 
InhnlKOlVWVlWV 6oov a,opa Tl<; EBlXElpnµaIIKE<; unnpeo(E<;, aHa Eva Ip(IO 
nep(nou IOU KOOIOU<; aVIlOIOlXEl OTO en(y110 Iµflµa (µloewon OIOUVIlO "' 
ouv6eon npoowp l vou n µ6v 1 µou OiouvI 1 o an6 tvav neAatn > Ka 1 , enoµtvwc, 
µnopouv va 8ewpn8ouv wt npooI 1 9£µevnt a~ la<;. Aut6c;: o Ioµiat tnt ayopac;: 
avantuooeta1 enlont noAu ypflyopa. To 1987, n upoot18£µ1vn a~(a elx1 
£KI1µn81( 01 1-1,5 £Katoµµup1a ECU, evw Io 1988 avepx6tav 01 3,9 
EKaioµµup la ECU. Iuµ,wva µ£ I I<; EKI I µno£ l <;:, Ia £oo6a IWV EB I XE I pflOEWV 
InAEHlKOIVWVlWV avtpxoviav OE 2 EKaioµµupta ECU IO 1987 Kai OE 7,8 
EKaioµµupaa ECU IO 1988. 
4.4. Ao1ntc ytec 6opuwop1Ktc unnpeg(Ec 
Ta ouotnµata ouyKivtpwont E 1 6noewv µtow 6opu'6pou c SNG -Sate I I I te News 
Gathering) -6nAa6n ouyKtvtpwonc;: nAnpo,opawv Kai 6e6oµtvwv an6 noAAa onµela 
Kal 01 61acpopE<; aAAEt E,apµoytc;: an6 noAAanAa onµE(a OE onµe(o 
aVIIBPOOWBEUOUV OUVEXWt au~av6µ£Vll ~ntnon. nap'6II 6£V unapxouv In Oityµn 
autn y1v1Ka ap18µnt1Ka oto1xela, nptn11 va 011µe1w9El 6I1 un6 Inv nleon Iwv 
e~eAl~ewv nou onµe1w8nKav otnv AvatoA1Kn Eupwnn, o EUTELSAT xpno1µono1n8nK£ 
en( 800 WPEt y1a Inv InAE6paon "EKiaKIWt" IO Noiµf3pto Kai IO A1dµf3p10 
1989. To Kavov10I1K6 nAa(o10 na(~e1 Ka8op10I1K6 p6Ao otnv avantu~n Int 
unnpeolat. En( IOU nap6vtot, eAAel~11 avayvwp1oµtvou 61eevout npotunou y1a 
Ia IepµaIIKa SNG, 01 £8VIKO( opyav10µ0( InAEBIKOIVWVIWV -nou txouv 
unoypa~EI Tl<; ouµ,wvlec; INTELSAT Kai EUTELSAT -avayKa~OVIal noAAt<; ,optc; 
va apvneouv otouc; cpopE l c eKµEtaHeuonc;: SNG tnv np6of3aon oto 61aotnµ1 K6 
Iµnµa. H CCIR (A1eevnc ruµ(3ouA£UIIKO En1Iponn Pa610£ntKOIVWVIWV, 6pyavo Inc; 
ITU) £BE~Epya~£Iat In Oityµn autn OUOiaon OXEilKa µ£ Ia I£pµaI1Ka SNG, n 
onola avaµtvetat va eeonaotel IO 1990. H ouotaon autn ea avol~11 IO 6p6µo 
yaa µta 1o6I1µn Kat avEu 6taKploewv np6of3aon oto 61aotnµ1K6 tµnµa yaa Iouc;: 
,ope(<; £Kµ£IaAAeuonc;: IOU OUOinµaioc;: SNG. 
(24) raa napa611yµa, otnv Oµoonov61aKn AnµoKpatla Tilt repµavlac;:, n etaapela 
Daimler Benz 0Kon1ue1 va eyKataotnoEt £KI£Iaµtvo 6lKiuo VSAT. rtnv IIaAla, 
o Telespazlo 0Koneu11 va eyKataotnoea opaoµtva an6 Ia 6lKiua VSAT OTO 
ouvoAo Inc; tiaAtKO<; £BtKpaI£tac;:. 
-43 -
H TnAe6paon BOU npoop(~£Tal yla Tl<: ElllXElPOOEtc; (6"~' ., TnAeµaenon Kal Ol 
TnhonT l Ktc; ouve6p t aoe l c; > npol'3UneTa t 6T l ea anouAe ( ouvexwc; au~av6µevn 
ayopa. AuT6c; el val o Toµtac; tnc; ayopac; nou ea onµa l wvc l tn µayaAuupn 
~ntnon 6oov acpopa Tn 1'3EAtlwon twv unnPEOlwv, ttol ci>oTe ea npayµaTonotn9E( n 
oAoKAnpwon Twv ypacp l Kwv Ecpapµoyci>v Kat Tnc; 6 t avoµnc; Twv 6e6oµtvwv OTt c; 
TflAEOllTlKEc; OUVE6pl00£tc;. METa~u TWV aAAwv avayKWV BOU npo1'3A£novtal, 
nEptAaµpavetat n 6uvat6tnta KaTaypacpnc; OE npayµattK6 xp6vo twv avtt6paoEwv 
TWV tnA£9EOTWV, n £UEAtKTFl XPnon TWV aKOUOTlKWV ~EU~£WV ElltOTpocpnc; (6Xt 
KaT'avavKn µt0<.0 6opucp6pou), ot vtec; TEXVtKtc; Etoavwvnc; napeµPoAci>v Kat ot 
vtec; TEXVtdc; KW6tKono(nonc; llOU ElltTptnouv TllV npayµaTono(non TWV 
µeta66oEwv µE xaµnAn ~ncptaKn taxutnta Cµeta6oon ElK6vwv µE xaµnAn oapwon> 
Kat OE xaµnA6TEPE<: Tlµtc;. 
EnlnAtov, ol 6opucp6pot µuopouv va napaoxouv 1'3paxunp6eeoµa 6lauAouc;, 
KUKAwµaTa Kat 6(KTUa yla noAAanAtc; XPnOelc; 0£ Tonoeeo(ec; BOU 6£V 
E~UllllPETOUVTa t an6 TO Ell (YE t 0 6 ( KTUO -y ta napa6£ t yµa, OTOUc; T6nouc; BOU 
onµe t wvovta t KataoTpocptc; • En (one;, µnopouv va npoocptpouv npoowp l vtc; 
UllllPEO (Ee; IJEXP l va uAono l neouv O l µ6v t µec; Ell (YE t Ee; eyKaTaOTOOE l c;, 
npoowptvtc; 6uvat6tntec; anoKataotaonc; Ka9wc; Kat ElltKotvwv(ec; ppaxElac; 
6tapKEtac; OE anoµaKpuoµtvEc; neptoxtc;. 
5.1. InAEOllTtKD 6lgyou6 
Ot unnpEOIEc; tnAeonTtKnc; 6tavoµnc; Kat ol ouvacpelc; unnpEOIEc; avtlnpoownEuouv 
onµepa Tll onµaVTlK6TEPl1 ~nTnOll TOU 6opucpoptKOU 6uvaµtKOU OTflV Eupci>nn Kat '1 
Kataotaon autn avaµtvetat 6Tt ea ouvexloEt. E~nvTa nep(nou 6(auAot 
IJETa6(6ovTat onµEpa µtoc.> 6opucp6pou OT'lV Eupci>nn Kat, 6nwc; EXEl n6n 
avacpep9e(, Ta too6a TOU EUTELSAT llPOEPXOVTal Kata 75% an6 TflV TllAEOllTtKn 
6tavoµn. ruµcpwva µE ttc; eKTtµnoetc;, n TflAEonT1Kn 61avoµn (Kuplwc; npoc; Touc; 
KaAw61aKouc; aKpa(ouc; oTaeµouc; Kat Ta ouoTnµaTa SMATV) ea ouvexloet va 
avanTUOOETat Kat, av TO llOOOOT6 TOU 6uvaµtKOU BOU XPFlOtlJOllOtE(Tat yta TllV 
ecpapµovn auTn napaµelvet to (610 -6nAa6n neplnou BOX otnv Eupci>nn -t6TE, 
navw an6 300 avaµEta66tec;C25) ea µnopouoav va Elvat 6uvnr1Ka 6taetotµot to 
1992 yta Tnv TnhonttKn 6tavoµn an6 ta eupwna·iKa 6opucpoptKa ouotnµata. Ot 
6opucp6pot tnAeonttKnc; 61avoµnc; µtone; toxuoc; eewpouvTat anapaltntn ouvaotci>oa 
v 1 a tn 6 t atnpnon Tile; ayopac; auTnc;, 6e6oµtvou 6t t npoocptpouv noHanAouc; 
6tauAouc; µ£ OXETtKQ xaµnA6 K6otoc;. En(onc;, ea ouµPaAouv OT'l YEV(Keuon OE 
µeyaAn KA(µaKa TWV IJlKPWV TllAEOllTlKWV KEPOlWV µ6vo An~nc; (TVRO) yla YEVtKn 
xpnon, nou µuopouv va Aaµ1'3avouv touc; 6opucpoplKouc; autouc; 6lauAouc; 
an'eueElac; OTO on(Tl. If'lµEpa, UllOPXOUV IJlKPO Kat cpenva TEpµaTlKQ TVRO IJE 
6laµnpo Kepalac; µtKp6tepn an6 tva µhpo. not6oo, n avantu~n Tnc; ayopac; 
autnc; ea µnoptoel va npayµaTonolneel µ6vo av To KavovlOTlK6 nAaloto a(val 
KaTaUnAo. 
(25) 'Evac; avaµeta66tnc; alvaa nEplnou 1006Uvaµoc; µe TO 6uvaµ1K6 nou analTE(tat 
yla tvav n 6uo TnAeonTlKouc; 61auAouc;. 
-44 -
H TnAEOBTIKn 61avoµn, µtaco TOU OUOTnµaTOt EUTELSAT, Ka8Wt Kai µtow aAAwv -
BIO Bp6acpaTwv -auaTnµaTwv 6Bwt Twv Telecom1, DFS-Kopernlkus Kai Astra, 
AE1ToupyE( OTO BAa(a10 Twv auxvotntwv Bou txouv op108E( y1a Tit ata8Ept~ 
6opucpop1Ktt uBnPEOlEt Ka1 6x1 atit twvE~ auxvotntwv Bou 61t8EOE n nayK6aµ1a 
Iuv61aOKE~n TWV A101KnO£WV Pa610£BIKOIVWVIWV (WARC) TO 1977 y1a Tl~ 
6opucpop1Ktt pa610TnAEOBT1Ktt uBnpsalst CBSS Broadcasting Satellite 
Services), 6Bou svTaaaovta1 01 uBnPEOlEt aB'£u8Elat pa610TnAsoBT1Kwv 
µETa66aEWV (DBS -Direct Broadcasting Services). t>nwt EXEi n6n avacpEp9£(, 
y1a to A6yo auT6 Elva1 61apKwt 6uaKoA6T£po va 6tatnpn8E( n 61acpop0Bolnan 
µEta~u twv uBnPE01wv BSS Kat Twv pa6aotnA£oBTtKwv £cpapµoywv Bou A£1toupyouv 
OTO BAala10 Twv aTa8£pwv 6opucpopaKwv uBnp£01wv. EBoµtvwt, Elvaa Bpocpavnt n 
avayKn aVOBTu~nt cp8nvwv TVRO, nou µnopouv va KaAucpouv Tlt tWVEt TWV DBS Kai 
Tnt TnAEOBT1Knt 61avoµnt aTa8Epwv uBnpEa1wv (10,95 -12.15 GHz). 
5.2. YBDQEQ(Ec gn'Eu9Elgc pg61otnAEOBTIKWY UETg66gEwy <PBS> 
t>aov acpopa t•t tnAEOBT1Ktc; µEta660E1c;, 01 unnPEOlEt aB'su8sla~ 
pa610TnAEOllTIKWV µETa660EWV n DBS -BOU txouv op108E( we; pa610TnAsont1Ktt 
unnPEOIEt aB6 Tn WARC '77 -9a µBoptaouv va aBOTEAtaouv tvav aAAo anµavT1K6 
xpnaTn twv Eupwna·aKwv 6opucpop l Kwv auaTnµatwv, µ£Ta Tnv TnA£oBt l Kn 61 avoµn 
OTO BAa(a10 TWV OTa9£pwv 6opucpoplKWV UBnP£0lWV. 
01 6opucp6po1 DBS £(Val BoAu 1axupo( 6opucp6po1 BOU txouv OXE6laOT£( auµcpwva 
µ£ Tlt OUOTQOElc; Tnc; nayK60µ1at Iuv61aOK£~nc; TWV AlOlKnOEWV 
Pa6lO£lllKOIVWVlWV (WARC) TOU 1977, n OBO(a 61t8£0E, KUPIWt ava XWPO, y1a 
Tnv EupwBn, tnv Acpp l Kn Ka I Tnv Ao (a, 6opucpop l KOUt 61 auAout, TPOX I adt 
8taE1t, auxv6TnTEc; Ka1 BoAWaElc; y1a Tlc; aB'Eu9Elat pa610TnAEonT1Ktt 
µETa66o£1t BPO~ Touc; 6tKT£t TWV 61acp6pwv XPnOTWV <PAtB£ KOi KEcpaAa10 I I.). 
Tnv EBOXn EKE ( vn, Ta BpoypaµµaTa Paa ( tovtav atnv E9V l Kn KaAu~n, EVW 11 
"aKTIVOPoA(a EKT6c; twvnc;" TWV BpoypaµµOTWV µlat 6E6oµtvnt XWpac; BPO~ Tl~ 
ys1Tov1Ktt tnc; XWPEt naptµEvE OXET1Ka nEp1op1aµtvn. ME Paan tnv tExvoAoyla 
BOU nTaV 61a8EOlJJn tnv EllOXn £KE(Vn, 01 OTOµIKO( 6EKTEt EllPEBE Va E(Val 
Ecpo61aaµtvo1 µE napaPoA1Ktt KEpa(Ec; µ6vo An~nt 61aµttpou 90 EK. 
Ta BtVTE 61a8ta1µa EupwBa·iKa BpoypaµµaTa 6opucp6pwv an'Eu9Elat 
pa61otnAEoBTlKWV IJETa66aEWV (TV-SAT/fEpµav(a, TDF1-2/faAA(a, BSB 1-2/HB, 
TELE-X/IKav61vaPla, Olympus/EVA) slva1 auTou Tou tunou. Ito E~nt Elva1 
6uvat6 va AaµpavovTa1 01 uBnPEOIEt Twv 6opucp6pwv autwv µE KEpa(£c; 61aµtTpou 
30 -60 EK., Bpayµa nou aB06s1KvuE1 t1c; Texv0Aoy1Ktt Bpo66ouc; nou txouv 
£Bl T£UX9£(. 
EBoµtvw~, e: Iva a Bpocpavnt 11 avavK11 ava1nu~nc; cp8nvwv TVRO, nou µBopouv va 
KaAucpouv ttc; twve:t Twv DBS Kat tn~ tnAe:ontaKnc; 61avoµnc; ata8spwv 
6opucpopaKwv uBnpsaawv (10,95 -12.75 GHz). 
-45 -
To 1989, 11 Tl1A£6paon Kal To PlvT£o avTanpoocitn£uav n£plnou 44X twv ouvoAaKwv 
£066wv TWV £Upwna1KWV £WlX£lPnO£WV 6opucp6pwv -n n£p(nou 61X av £laap£8£( 11 
Klvnon £KT6c; KOlV6TnTac; µtow TOU INTELSAT -npav T£e£1 aK6µ11 0£ A£lTOUpy(a 
onoaoo6nnoT£ an6 Touc; 6opucp6pouc; an'£ue£1ac; pa6lOTl1A£OnTlKWV µeTa66oewv. To 
1990, Kaa oa 16 avaµeTa66Tec; TnA£onTaKr\c; 6tavoµnc; Tou ASTRA napnyayav 
£n l WAEOV too6a OTOV Toµta Tnc; Tnh6paonc;, EVW np6K£ l Ta l va T£8ouv 0£ 
ecpapµoyr\ 14 VEOl avaµ£Ta66T£c; DBS an6 TOUc; TDF 1-2 (5), TV-SAT 2 (5), 
Olympus (2) Kal Tele-X (2). t>oov acpopa TOY BSB (5 6(aUAOl), OPXlOE va 
A£lTOUpye( TOY Anp(Aao 1990. Enoµtvwc;, TO 1992 ea £(Val 6aaetoaµoa OUVOAlKO 
£lKOOlTEOO£pac; 6lauAot DBS, npayµa nou ea au~no£a onµavTaKa Ta too6a nou 
npotpxovTaa an6 tlc; tnA£01tTlK£c; µeta66oelc; Kata Ta £n6µeva 6uo xp6vaa. 
Ito TEAoc; Tou 1989, Ta TepµaT1Ka an'eueelac; Ar\~nc; OTO onlT1 (Direct to Home 
Terminals -DHT) nou TonoeeTr\enKav otnv Ko1v6TnTa avtpxovTav oe 750.000, £K 
TWY onolwv TO µeyaAUT£PO µtpoc; £YKataOTae11K£ OTO Hvwµtvo BaolAEIO. Kata TO 
T£Aoc; Tou 1990 npoPAtneta1 va eyKaTaotaeouv neplnou 1,8 £Katoµµupaa 
µova6ec;. 
Ol npOEKPoAtc; OX£TIKO µ£ Tnv EYKaTOOTaon OTn AUTlKn Eupwn11 KEpaawv An~nc; 
£Knoµnwv y1a ~uxaywyaKouc; OKonouc; twc; To 1994 npoPAtnouv neplnou £~1 
eKatoµµupaa µova6ec;. 
H o6nyla 86/529/EOK EXEi opl0£1 Tnv OlKoytve1a MAC y1a Tlc; T£XVlKEc; 
µeTa6oonc; we; TO np6Tuno nou nptnea va xpnoaµonoae(Taa y1a touc; 6opuC,Opouc; 
an'£ueelac; pa610TnAeonT1Kwv µeta66oewv. H o6nyla auTr\ Ar\yea OTtc; 31 
A£K£µPplou 1991. H £~tA1~n TWV µeAAOYTIKWY 6pa0£WV OX£TlKO µ£ Tlc; TEXVlKEc; 
µ£ta6oonc; oTov Toµta auT6, ea xapaKTnPltetaa an6 To yeyov6c; 6Tt n 
µ£yaAUT£Pn np6KAnon yaa To µtAAov ea elvaa n evapµov1oµtv11 Kae1tpwo11 
eupwna1Kou npoTunou y1a Tnv TnAe6paon Y~nAr\c; EuKplveaac; (HDTV). 
5.3. TnAe6pggn uwnADc £UKpiye1gc CHPTY> 
0 l 6opucp6po l 0a na ( ~OUV Ka0op l Otl K6 p6Ao OTIW Ka0 l £pwon Tl'lt TnAe6paonc; 
Y~11Ar\c; EuKplv£1ac; (HDTV) nou ea £nlTPE~£l va XPl10lµonoaouvtal µeyaAUT£p£c; 
oe6vec; TnX£6paonc;, µe KaAuTE:po A6yo 61 aoTaoewv Ka' µeyaAuTE:pn £UKP l v£ a a 
£' K6vac;, o' ono ( £c; ea 6 a aT ( eevTa' OTO e:µn6p 1 o oe ano6eKdc; T' µtc;. Elva' 
oxe66v PtPato 6t1 To apxaK6 µtoo µe:Ta6oonc; nou ea xpnoaµonotn0el yta tnv 
Kaeatpwon Tl'lc; HDTV OTnv Eupwnn ea £(Val Ol 6opucp6pol DBS, ppaxunp6e£oµa Kat 
µeoonp6ee:oµa. 
H HDTV £(Vat tvac; Toµtac; µ£ µeyaAn npoT£pat6TnTa OTO nAaloao tnc; OUVOAlKr\c; 
nOAlTtKnc; tnc; Koav6TnTac; OTOV OnTlKOaKOUOTlK6 ToµtaC26) Kai £l£Tatetal 
61elo61K6T£pa OTO K£cpaAalO IV. 
(26) AvaKolvwon Tnc; EnaTponnc; OTO IuµPouAao Kaa To KoavoPouAao vaa Tnv noAtTtKr\ 
TOU onTlKOaKOUOTlKOU Toµta, COM(90) 78 Tnc; 21nc; ~£Ppouap(ou 1990 Kal 
an6cpaon TOU IuµPouA (OU Tnc; 27nc; Anp l A (OU 1989 OXET l KO µ£ Tl'lV TriAe6paon 
Y~nAr\c; EuKp(veaac; (HDTV), EEL 142 Tl'lC 25nc Matou 1989. o.1. 
-46 -
6. KavqTtc uwqpsolsc Kal uwqpsolsc wpoo6aopa(Jtl06 &torte 
oa KtvnTtt unnp£ol£t avanTuooovTat TaxuTaTa. nap'oTt, µtxpt T£A£uTala, 
n£p lop I ~ovTav OTl <; vautt Al aKtt Kl vndt 6opucpop l Ktt unnp£o I £t CMMSS) 0£ 
µ£yaAa nAo(a OTllV aVOlXTn 8aAaooa, onµ£pa £K611AWV£Tal µ£yaAuT£PO £V6la,tpov 
y la Tl t Kl vnTt<; 6opucpop l KEt vauT l Al aKtt un11p£0 I Et nou npoop I ~ovTa' y 1 a 
µaKpOT£pa nAof a, aapovauTlKEt £,apµovtt Kat Kuplwt KtVllTEt £,apµovtt ~11Pat. 
oa npoPAenoµevet un11p1of £t, 611Aa6n 11 µ1Ta60011 µ11vuµatwv Kat o npoo61op1oµot 
8£ont, yla TOUt µ£TaKlVOUµ£VOUt XPnOT£t OTO £6acpot, anOT£AOUV aVTIK£f µ£VO 
vtou £v61 a,tpovTot, 16 f w<; ano T 1 t £Ta 1 PE (Et 061 Kwv µETacpopwv oe µeyaAe<; 
anOOTOOEl(;, Tit EllX£lP00£tt KaµnoTa~ Kat EOWTEPlKWV nAWTWV µETacpopwv, Tl(; 
enaxeapnoEtt 01611po6poµwv µeyaAnt TaxuT11Tat, K.An. 
6.1. NguTtAtgKtc unnoeglec 
H fWVllTtKn £ntKOIVWV(a nou npoo,tp£1 onµepa TO OUOTllµa INMARSAT, nap'OTI 
elvaa KaAnt notOTllTat, anatTEI TOV £~onAtoµo TWV nAolwv µE OXETIKO µEyaAa 
Kat aKp t pa TepµaT t Ka C 30. ooo ECU > ecpo6 t aoµtva µe napaPoA a KO KEpa I a µe 
6taµETPO nep(nou EVOt µtTpou. 0 INMARSAT OKOIEU£l, WOTOOO, va £toayay£t TO 
1990 unnp£ola vaa Tnv £~ao,aAton Twv En1Kotvwvtwv µe xaµnAn TaxutnTa 
6e6oµtvwv npot Ta µ1Kpa Kat ,enva T£pµat1Ka -µtow K£paawv tepµaTaKwv Tunou 
11Standard-C11 INMARSAT 20 nep(nou £KatOOTWV. npo(JAEn£Tat OTl, tw<; TO 
1992-1993, 01 fWVllTlKEt £1lKOIVWV(£t ea XPllOtµonOtOUV µtKpa t£pµaTIKO TOU 
Tunou auTou. H e~tAa~n auTn ea napouof a~e aµeoa nAeoveKTnµaTa yaa oAoKAllPll 
0£lpa nAo(wv, ouµn£ptAaµPavoµtvwv £K£(vwv nou napaµtvouv ouvnewt OTa 
napaKT 'a u6aTa Tilt Ko' voTnTat, oe avT ( eeoll µe To onµep t vo ouoT11µa nou 
avtanoKp(V£Tal KUpfwt OTlt avayK£t TWV µeyaAwv nAo(wv OTllV aVOlXTn eaAaooa. 
6.2. KtynTtc uBnpeg(ec Enpgc 
Ot T£A£utal£t µeAttet ,avepwvouv Ott ot 6opucpoptKtt KlVllTEt unllP£Ol£t ~llPOt 
(LMSS) Kal TO en(yeto naveupwna"iKO q.tll'taKO KUq.tdWTO 6IKTUO (GSM)C27) ea 
aAAllAoouµnAnpwvovtal µaAAov Kat ea avtaywv(~ovtal onavta TO tva TO aAAo. Ta 
TepµattKa LMSS, nou ototxl~ouv aKpaPot£pa Kat elvat µeyaAutepa, ev6ta,tpouv 
Kup(w<; ttt µlKPEt oµa6et £t6tKWV XPllOTWV BOU enaeuµouv Va EXOUV aµ£Oll Kat 
nAOPll £Upwna1KO KaAUq.tll, onwt Tlt EntXEtpnoett o6tKWV µETacpopwv 0£ µEyaAEt 
anooTaoett Kat Ttt enaxeapnoett eaAaootwv µe:Tacpopwv. To ouotnµa GSM, 
e~aAAou, npoo,tpea KaAutepn twVllTtKn nototnTa Kat n£plooOT£P£t 6uvatotnt£t 
61aeeo11t tou ouoTnµatot ottt aot1Ktt nepaoxtt Kaeci>t Kat, oe ouv6uaoµo µe ta 
µ1Kpotepa (cpopnTa) tepµattKa xpnotwv, xaµllAOt£P£t taµtt, npoopf ~£taa 6£ 
(27) IuoTaOll tou IuµPouAfou tilt 251lt louvlou 1987 Bou a,opa Tll ouvtovaoµtvll 
£yKataotaon nav£upwna1KWV q.tll'laKWV KUq.tEAWTWV 61lµOotWV £nly£lWV KlVllTWV 
EllKOlVWVlWV OTllV KotvotnTa Kat 061ly(a TOU Iuµ(JouA(ou Tilt 251lt louv(ou 1987 
OXET l KO µ£ Tl t ~WV£t OUXVOTllTat nou ea 6 t aT£9ouv y la Tll OUVTOV l oµEVll 
eyKataotaon naveupwna"iKWV q.tll' l aKWV KUq.tdWTWV 61lµOo l WV En (ye l WV Kl YllTWV 
entKOlVWVlWV OTllV Kotv6T11Ta, EE L 196 Tilt 171lt louA(ou 1987, oeA(6Et 81 Kal 
85 avTIOTolxa. 
To vto naveupwna·iKo ouotllµa nou elvaa enfont yvwoto wt ouottiµa 11GSM11 
-ea 
uAonotll9£( OtllV KoavotnTa ano to 1991 Kat µ£ta CPAtnE Kat K£,aAa10 V.). 
-47 -
via 6Aouc; Touc; 161wTec; Kai Tic; Ton1Ktc; en1xe1pftoe1c;. nc:JT6oo, 01 unnpeo(cc; 
ea µnopouoav va 0AoKA11pw8ouv, we; tvav op 1 oµtvo f3a8µ6, OTO en ( ne6o Twv 
ouoTnµchwv WoT£ va a~1ono1118ouv 6oo TO 6uvaT6 nep1oo6T£PO 01 6uvaT6Tl'lT£c; 
nou npoo,tpouv Ta 6uo auTa ouoTftµaTa. 
I£ µla np6o,aT11 µ£A6T11 npof3AEtr£TQ l 6T l TO 2000, ., ouvoA l Kit ayopa TWV 
6opu'°plKWY KlVf1TWV Utrl'lPEOlWV ~npac; (ouµnep1Aaµf3avoµtvwv TWV U1rl'lP£0lWV 
npoo61op1oµou 9to11c;C28)) OTl1Y EupWtrl'l 9a aVEPXETal 0£ 220.000 µ6vo 
T£pµaTlKO 6£6oµ£vwv Kai 65.000 'WVl'lTlKO TcpµaTlKO OT11Y Eupwn11 twc; TO 2000, 
tvaVTl 16 £KaToµµup(wv TEpµaTlKWY Tl'lV (61a cnoxft via Ta KU~£AWTO enfye1a 
OUOTOµaTa OUµ,wva µ£ op10µ£vec; EKTlµftOElc;. 
Ol INMARSAT, EUTELSAT Kal LOCSTAR £xouv avaKOIYWoEl Tl1Y np69eoft TOUc; va 
611µ1oupyftoouv U1rl1PEO(Ec; 1rP006lOPlOµou 8£011c; ft KlVl'lTEc; U1r11PEO(£c; OTl'lV 
Eupwnn. t>oov a,opa Tl1Y EYA, avaKofvwoe TeAcuta(a Tl'lY ne1paµaT1Kn e,apµoyft 
eupwna'CKwv Kl v11Twv un11peo 1 wv, o 1 ono ( ec; ea nep 1Aaµf3avovTa1 oe 6opu'6po 
Tp(TOU ,opta. 
Ot napanavw oKt~etc; ,avepwvouv Tl1Y EtrlTaKTtKft avayK11 anaAAayftc; Twv 
o 1Kovoµ1 Kwv 'optwv an6 600 To 6uvaT6 nep l oo6T£pouc; nep 1op1 oµouc; WOT£ va 
µnoptoe1 va napaoxe9e( OTouc; xpftoTec; To 61aetotµo 6uvaµtK6 un6 Touc; 
KaAUT£pouc; 6uvaTouc; 6pouc; Kat 0£ aVTQYWYlOTlKEc; Ttµtc;. 
6.3 AEQOVQUTlKEC unnpeo(ec 
01 aepovaUTlKEc; unnpeo(ec; avatrTUX911KQV YP11VOP6TEPa OTlc; Hvwµtvec; noAtT£1£c; 
an'6,T1 oTnv Eupwn11. 01 HnA Kai o Kava6ac; tvwoav Ttc; npoona8e1tc; Touc; via 
va 611µ t oupyftoouv tvav opyav 1 oµ6, Tov M-SAT, v 1 a Tl'lV napoxft aepovauT 1 Kwv 
Utrl'lPEOtWV travw an6 TO t6a,oc; Tl'lc; B6petac; AµeptKftc;. 0 ETa(poc; TWV HnA e(val 
11 KOtvonpa~(a AMSC (f3Atne napaKaTw). 
EtrltrAtov, 0 INMARSAT OK01r£U£l va napOOXEl aepovaUTlKEc; Utrl1PEO(Ec; 0£ 
nayK60µ1a KA(µaKa, Ka8wc; Kal U1r11PEO(a ~Vl'lTIKftc; T11Ae,wv(ac; yta TO £trtf3aTtK6 
KOIV6. noT600, Ot trAnpo'°p(ec; OXETtKO µ£ TOY tAevxo Tl'lt evatp1ac; 
KuKAo'°p(ac; Kat Tic; evatp1ec; ypaµµtc; ea µnopouoav va ano6e1xeouv 
011µavT1K6T£pEc;. 
Otrwc; OTl1Y nep I nTwo11 Twv vauT1 At aKwv 6opu'°p 1 Kwv en 1 KO t vwv 1 wv, o t apx 1 Ktc; 
Utrl1PEO(£c; 8a ap10TOtrOl1'l80UV yaa Tlc; µeyaAUT£p£c; Utr£PWK£0V£l£c; ypaµµtc;. 
noT6oo, 6ev anoKA£l£Tat n xpno11 Twv 6opu,optKwv en1Ko1vwv1wv oTa aeponAava 
nou unep ( nTavTa l Tl'lc; eupwna'iKftc; 11ne ( pou va ouµf3ah t OT11 f3d T (won Tl'lc; 
ao,aAe1ac; TWV trTOOEWV Kat Tilt QtrOTEA£oµaTIK6TnTac; TWV evatp1wv ypaµµwv. 
(28) Ol U1r11P£0(£c; trpoo61op1oµou 9£011c; EtrtTPEtrOUV TOY £VTOtrtoµ6 TWV trAo(wv, TWV 
ox11µaTwv K.An. µ£ aKp(f3e1a nou µnope( va avtUEt oe 15 twc; 100 µhpa, 
avaAoya µ£ TO OUOTl'lµa trOU XPl10tµOtr0t£(Tat. rta Tl1Y Eupwn11, 6Aec; Ol 
KI v11Ttc; 6opu,op t KEc; U1rl1P£0 ( £c; ~11pac; ea npoo,tpouv £VaHa1<T I KO U1r11P£0 ( £c; 
npoo61op1oµou eto11c;. 
-48 -
Oa T£XVOAOV&Kt<: Kat gµnop&Kt<: £~£Al~£lt txouv aAAa~£l pataKa Tit 
un6Aoan£t µ1yaA1t ayopt<: Kat Kuplwt tat ayopt<: twv HnA Kat tnt lanwvlat. 
7.1. Oa Hy;utycc n0Aat1l1c 
Oa Hvwµtvct n0Aat1l1t txouv avaAaPca va 1A1u81pfioouv onµavt1Ka tov toµta 
TWV 6opucpoplKWV £BlKOIVWVlWV. 0 Toµtat aut6t anot£A£( onµcpa 
avaµcpaoPntnta tn µ1yaAut1pn ayopa yaa ta ouotnµata Kaa tat unnp1ol1t 
6opucpoplKWV £BlKOlVWVlWV. 
7. 1. 1. E9y a K6 noA a Ta K6 "gyoa xxjy ouogyjy" 
~6n an6 to 1972, n Oµoonov61aKn Enatponn EnaKoavwvawv twv HnA (Federal 
Communications Commission -FCC)(29) 8tont0£ £8V1Kn n0Aat1Kn OTOV toµta 
tnt tK6oont a611wv yaa tn ota8spn 6opucpop1Kn unnpcola, nou Paolt1ta1 otnv 
apxn tn<: avoaxtn<: ouµµctoxnt -ouµcpwva µ1 tnv onola 6Aoa 01 aatouvt£<: nou 
6aa8ttouv ta ana1touµ1va npoo6vta ea nptn11, oto µttpo tou 6uvatou, va 
µnopouv va naptxouv £8v a dt unnpco (Et 6opucpop 1 KWV cn a KO a vwv a wv, 6oov 
acpopa t6oo tnv np6oPaon oto 6uvaµ a Kou tou 6opucp6pou nou PP I OK£ta a 01 
TPOXlO yaa tnv £Kµ£taAA1uon TWV 6opucpoptKWV 6tKTUWV 6oo Kat tnv £KT6~1uon 
Kat tnv £Kµ£taAA1uon TOU 6uvaµ&KOU TOU 61aotnµ1KOU Tµnµatot. H noA&T&Kn 
autn 1(va1 onµcpa yvwotn Wt noA&TlKn "aVOlXTWV oupavwv". 
H FCC £X£l Ul08£TnO£l µaa OX£T&Ka sutAIKTn ypaµµn OTOV Toµta tnt 6aa81ont 
tnt TPOX&O<: Kat TOU cpaoµatot (n.x. µ£ tn xpnon TPOXlaKWV anOOTOOEWV 6uo 
Pa8µwv). Xapn oTnv 1vtpy11a auTn, 01 6ta8totµ£t tpoxaaKtt etoct<: clvaa 
apKcttt yta va cntTpt~ouv otnv FCC va 6Wo£t ouvtxcta otat aatno11t 6Awv 
twv un~ncpawv 18v1Kwv cpoptwv napoxn<: ota81p'v 6opucpoptKwv unnpcotwv, nou 
avtanoKplvovtaa oTa Kpatnpaa nou txouv Ka8op1081I. 
0& apµ66tOl cpop£ft TWV HnA BOU ExOUV a6£ta KaTaOK£Unt, £KT6~1uon<: Kat 
£Kµ1taH1uont twv 18v a KWV 6opucp6pwv. µnopouv va naptxouv 6uvaµ a K6 Wt 
6nµ6ot£t £BlX£tPnO£lt TnAEBlKOlVWVlWV OTOU<: aAAOUt cpopc(<; -£IT£ 0£ 
£K£ I vout nou naptxouv tnhn a KO a vwv 1 aKtt unnpco I £t 01 TP I tout £I TE 01 
£K£1vout nou xpnoaµonoaouv to 6uvaµaK6 vaa tat 1owT1paKtt tout 
avayK£t(30). 
(29) H Oµoonov61aKn EntTponn EntKOlVWVtWV TWV HnA (FCC) g(vat 0 6nµ6oaot 
opyavaoµ6t nou txca avaAaPca va pu8µlo11 tat 1µnop1Ktt 6paotnpa6TnT£t 
µ1Ta~u TWV noA&T£lWV Kai TOU £~WT£PlKOU £µnop(ou OTOV Toµta TWV 
£BlKOlVWVIWV. H FCC xopnyc( a6£1£<; yaa Tn XPnon TWV 6aauAwv 
pa6aotnA1onTIKWV µ1Ta6601wv µ£Ta~u TWV noAITEIWV Kat TOU £~WT£PlKOU Kai 
oplt11 Tit TEXVIKtt, OlKOVOµlKEt Kat aAA£<: anatTnO£lt nou nptn11 va 
£KnAnpWV£l O KOTOXO<: tnt a611at, ouµn1p1Aaµpavoµtvwv TWV cpoptwv nou txouv 
avaAaP11 va KataOK£UQOOUV, va EKTO~EUOOUV Kai va £Kµ£TaAAeu8ouv TOUt 
£8VIKOU<: Kai 6118v£I<: 6opucp6pout. 
H FCC Ka8oplt11 Tit noAlTIKEt KaT£U8UV0£lt OTOV Toµta tnt tK6oont a611wv 
yaa Tat ota81ptt, KavnTt<: Kat pa610TnA1onT1Ktt 6opucpop1Ktt unnp1ol1t. 01 
noA1t1Ktt nou uao81TouvTa1 01 Ka81 Toµta anoPAtnouv 01 116aKout oT6xou<;, 
nou acpopouv KUp(w<: tnv avanTu~n Tn<: Ptoµnxavlat 6opucp6pwv TWV HnA. 
(30) Maa 1nax1lpnon TnA1naK01vwvawv 1lva1 tva<: cpopta<: napoxn<: unnpcoawv oTo cupu 
KO&V6. Ot £BlX£tpno11t auTtt µnopouv En(on<: va tntouv an6 Tnv FCC Tnv a61aa 
nwAnont 6uvaµ1Kou avaµ1Ta6otwv xwpl<: va clvaa 6nµ6o11t 1nax11pno1at 
TnAcn&KOlVWVlWV. 
-49 -
01 cpope(c; nou µ108WVOUV n KaTtXOUV £8VIKO 6uvaµ1K6 avaµ£Ta60TWV µnopouv 
enlonc; va naptxouv to 6uvaµaK6 aut6 otouc; XPnotEc; xwplc; va £lva1 
anapaltnta 6nµ6oa£c; Enax£1pno£1c; tnAEtttKotvwvawv. Otav o cpoptac; Kattx£a 
KOl EKµ£taAA£U£TQl TOY En(yEtO Ota8µ6 £Knoµnnc; nou EttlTPEttEI tnv np6oPaon 
OE tva ouyKeKpaµtvo avaµEta66Tn, nptnEt va Aaµpave1 a6E1a KataoK£unc; Kat 
EKµEtaAAEuonc; tou EnlyEaou ota8µou. Ynapxs1 µ1a •yev1K1t· 61a61Kaola 
tK600~' a6e1~v yaa touc; cpope(c; nou EKµEtaAAEUOVTQl 1TOAAouc e8VIKOU' 
e7tlye1ou, OTaBµou, SK1T0µ1tlt,1Altl/lf1' 1TOU elva1 /6101 01(0 TSXVIK,,,, 7tAeupac 
Kai 61a8trouv µ1Kpt, Kepale, (VSAT) otn ~wvn twv 12/14 GHz. not6oo, ta 
6(Ktua nou Ae1toupyouv otn ~wvn 4/6 en ono(a 6£v xPno1µono1slta1 y1a to 
oKon6 aut6 otnv Eupwnn) nptnE1 va ouvtovl~ovta1 Kai va unoPaAAovta1 os 
61a61Kao(a £K6oonc; atoµ1Kwv a6e1wv. H y£v1Kn auTn 61a61Kao(a ouvenay£ta1 
tnv EK6oon µ(ac; µ6vo a6E1ac; y1a TO OUVOAO TOU £8VIKOU 61KTUOU Ett(YEIWV 
ota9µwv, xwp(c; e161Ktc; nAnpocpop(gc; OE Ka9£ Ota8µ6. H FCC 6EV £K6(6Ea Cri 
6£V attaltE() a6EIQ y1a touc; E8VIKouc; £n(ygaouc; OTa8µouc; µ6vo Ari~nc; otn 
~wvn 12/14 GHz, 6e6oµtvou 6t1 n ota8epn 6opucpop1Kri unnp£ola e(vaa n µ6vn 
unnpEola otnv onola ElXE 61at£8£( n ~wvn auto apxaKa Kat 01 napEµPoAtc; 
g(va1, Enoµtvwc;, noAu onav1ec;. 01 cpopelc; nou eKµeTaHeuovtat e8v1Kouc; 
Ett(yeaouc; oTa9µouc; µ6vo Ari~nc; otn ~wvn twv 4/6 GHz µnopouv, av 9£Aouv, va 
~ntnoouv a6e1a n onola naptxe1 npootaola Kata twv napeµPoAwv nou 
ocpE(Aovta1 otac; enlye1ec; eyKataotaoe1c; nou XPno1µono1ouv Tnv l61a ~wvn. 
H noA1T1Kri 11avo1xtwv oupavwv" o6nvnoe otnv taxela avantu~n Tnc; £8v1Kric; 
p I O)JflXOV ( ac; OTa9£pWV 6opucp6pwv TCl>V HOA. 'Ev6eKa £Ta l PE ( £«; 6 l a8£touv 52 
a6£1£«; KatOOKEUO«;, £Kt6~euonc; KQl EKµ£TaAAeuonc; TCl>V Ota8epwv £9VIKWV 
6opucp6pwv. Tp1avta an6 Touc; 6opucp6pouc; autouc; Aeatoupyouv tn otayµft auTft. 
EntnAtov, XlAta6ec; cpope(c; 6ta9ttouv a6etec; EKµetaAAeuonc; En(yeawv OTa9µwv 
eKnoµnric; nou Touc; enaTptnouv va txouv np6oPaon Oto 6uvaµ1K6 Twv 6opucp6pwv 
nou pp(0Kovta1 oe tpoxaa. o P1oµnxavtK6c; aut6c; toµtac; xapaKtnp(~etat an6 
ouvexwc; au~av6µevn Ka1votoµ(a Kai noAuµopcp(a ev6ow au~ave1 o ap18µ6c; Kai 
to £(6oc; twv 61acp6pwv cpoptwv Kai unnpeo1wv. 01 cpope(c; napoxnc; 6opucpop1Kwv 
unnpE01wv no1KIHouv an6 Tic; µeyahc; en1xe1pnoe1c; nou 61a8tTouv 
onµavt1K£c; eyKataotaoe1c; µtxpt touc; µ1Kpouc; µetanwAnTtc; 6uvaµ1Kou 
avaµeta6oTwv. 01 unnpeo(ec; KaAunTouv 6Aouc; touc; tunouc; 61aPlPaonc; 
6e6oµtvwv, cpwvnT1Kwv onµatwv Kai e1K6vwv. 01 En(ye101 ota9µo( 
avantuooovta1 e~(oou 6uvaµ1Ka µe touc; 61a0Tnµ1Kouc; ota9µouc; an6 t6te nou 
µe1w8nKav to µtye8oc; Kai to K6otoc; twv Kepaawv Ka1 PeAt1w8nKav 01 
en166oe1c; touc;. 
-50 -
01 npoo11T1dt nou npooqt£p£1 ll ayopa autn houv au~ll8£( avtloto1xa. To 
1990' Ta 6opuqt0p I Ka 6 ( KTUO 1.1£ I.I I KPEt napaPoA I KEt K£pa( £t £1tPOK£ I TO va 
anoqt£pouv OTOUt qt0p£lt £KIJ£TaAA£UOllt 300 twt 400 £KOTOIJIJUPIO 60Aap1a ECU. 
01 nwAno£1t 61Ktuwv VSAT npoPAtn£ta1 va au~ll8ouv I.IE Etno10 noooot6 
aU~llOllt 30 twt 40X Kata ta £1tOIJEVa XPOV I a. To 1984' 6tav apx I oav va 
AE I TOUPYOUV 0 I npWTO I OVOIJETa66tEt OTll ~WVll Ku, unnpxav 1tEP (IOU 2000 
El (YE I 0 l 0Ta8µo ( . 0 ap l 81-16t aut6t avnA&E OE 16. 000 TO 1988' EVW TWpa 
(1990) E(val EYKOTEOTlllJEVOl 40.000 nEp(nou Ota8µo( £K TWV ono(wv TO tva 
TP f TO anotdE f Ta l an6 Ota8µout An'Pllt/EK1tOIJ1tl'tt tvavt I IJEP I KWV 
IKOTOVta6wv µ6vo TEPIJOTIKWV VSAT EKno1.1nnt/An'Pllt OTllV EupWnll. H ETa&pefa 
Hughes Network Systems Inc. avaKolvwoE teAEutafa 6t1 ea napaox11 £wt to 
1992 1v1afo 6f Ktuo 10.000 nepf nou napaPoA&KWV KEpa1Wv Otll General Motors. 
H TOXEfa npooapµoyft an6 Tlt HnA TOU KOVOVlOTlKOU nAa1ofou nou £qtapµ6~ETOI 
OT 1 t £8v 1 Ket 6opuqtop 1 KEt En 1Ko1 vwv (et npoo£6woe OTllV aµep 1Kav1 Kil 
p 1 OIJllxav (a 61 aotnµatot tva OlllJOVT 1 Ko nAeoveKtlllJO OTllV nayK601.11 a ayopa 
otov toµta aut6. napa to 6uvaµ101.16 Tilt ayopat 6opuqt6pwv nou 61l1-11oupyn81lK£ 
Kata TOV Tpono aut6, TOoo OTOV 61aOT1l1JtK6 6oo Kat OTO enfy£t0 T1Jn1.1a, Ol 
6opuqtOplKEt £1tlKOlVWVl£t 6£V £fxav oopapet OPVllTlKEt 11tl1tTWa£1t OTO too6a 
twv 1n1x11pfto1wv 1nf y11wv t1lA1n1Ko1vwv1Wv. AeKa xp6v1a IJETa TllV u108£t1101l 
tilt noA 1T1 Kitt 11avo1 xtwv oupavWv", ta ouvoA 1 Ka too6a twv 6opuqt0p1 Kwv 
£1tlKOlVWVlWV aVTl1tPOOW1tEUOUV µ6A1t 2 twt 3X TOU ouv6Aou TWV 
TllAEn l KO l vwv l OKWV £o66wv £VW ll ehuetpwOll txe l 061lvno£ l OTllV npa~ll OE 
oaqtWt OlllJOVT 1 KOTEPll Ka 1 n 1 o 61aqtOpono1 ll1.1tvll avantU~ll tou 61aOTlllJ1 Kou 
T1Jn1.1atot TWV HnA OTOV Toµta aut6. 
7.1.2. npogtyy1on TWY HnA QTOY TOUta IWY 6119yWy 6oQUWOQlKWy E1tlKOlywy1Wy 
Avtf 8£Ta I.IE TllV npootyy1011 TOUt OTOV Toµta TWV E8VlKWV 6opUqtOPlKWV 
EntK01vwv1wv, ll npootyy&oll nou u108tt11oav 01 HnA yaa Ttt 61E8v1lt 
6opuqt0p&Kit 1n1Ko1vwvf Et ouvExf~£t va xapaKiflp(~exat Kupfwt an6 Itt 601.1£t 
nou 61l1Jtoupyft81lKav Kaxa Tll 61Ka1x(a xou '60. 
o comsat, 1161K6t opyav101.16t nou 61l1-11oupyn81lK£ oxat HnA to 1962, 1fva1 ll 
apxn nou na(~11 to p6Ao tou ou1.1PaAA61.11vou µ£pout nou txouv avaAaP11 OTllV 
EupW1tll Ol opyav101.1of TllAE1tlKOlVWVlWvC31) tvavtt TWV INTELSAT KOl 
INMARSAT. TeAEUTafa, WOTOoo, Ol E1tlX£tpfto11t TllA11tlKOlVWVlWV Kal Ol 
&6lWTEt EXOUV en(Oflt TO 6tKa(wµa, un6 opaoµtvout OPOUt, Va ayopa~OUV n Va 
1.1108Wvouv 6uvaµ1K6 an6 tout qtOpEf t napoxnt 61E8vwv 6opuqt0p1Kwv ouotlll.latwv 
TWV HnA, XWPIOTWV an6 TO OUOTlllJO INTELSAT ("XWPlOTWV OUOT1l1JaTWV11). Ol 
qt0p1lt auto( µnopouv Elte va 61a8£touv tout 61Kout tout 1nfyE1out 
ota81.1out efte va 1.1108wvouv tit unllpeolet 1nfy11ou ota9µou. 
(31) Me e~a(peOll TflV ltaA(a, 6nou 0 opyav101.16t TELESPAZIO 61lµloupyft81lKI 1161Ka 
y&a TO OK01t0 aut6 <PAtne K£qtaAa10 I I). 
-51 -
To No£µpp10 1984, 01 HnA E~£6woav 'l'n,1oµa wou op1~E ot1 ta EvaAAaKt1Ka 
6opucpop1Ka ouon'u.aata Elva1 "awapaltnta y1a Aoyou<; dvtKou ouµ,tpovto<;". 
To "'"''1oµa auto 61EUKp1v(~EI OTI 01 HnA ouµPouAeuovtal TOY INTELSAT 6oov 
a<popa ta ouotftµata wou 11Ew1tp£wE1 ri Oµoowov61a1<r't Ew1tpown Ew1Ko1vwv1ci>v" 
(FCC). To uwoupye(o £~Wt£p1Kci>v Kai to uwoupye(o £µwop(ou txouv op(oe1 awo 
Kotvou tout nep1op1oµou<; wou e,apµ6~ovtat ota evaAAaKttKa ouotnµata wp1v 
Tf1Y op I OT 11<n TOU<; EYKP l 011 aw6 trty FCC 1fPOK£ I µtvou va 6 t ao,aA I 08£ ( ., 
£KnAnpcoon TWV 6t£8vci>v U1fOXP£Wo£WY TWY HnA Kat ., 61ao,aA1on TWY 
ouµ,£p6vtwv TOU<; OTOV toµta TWY Tf1A£1flKOlYWYIWV Kai tnc; £~WT£PlKnc; 
noA1t1Kn<;: 
Ta XWPIOTa ouotnµata wpoop(~OYTOI yta Tl<; £1flKOIYWY(£<; 1fOU 6£Y 
61aouv6£ovta1 µe ta 6nµ6o 1 a µetay6µeva 6 ( Ktua 61 ap I Paone; µrwuµatwv 
(µe e~a(peon tnv uwnpeo(a ewe(youoac; awoKataotaonc;> Kat 
µ(a ti wep1oo6tepec; Uvec; apxtc; wptwe1 va ew1tpt'IJouv tn xpfton Ka8e 
ouotnµatoc; Kai va apxloouv 61a61Kaola 61aPouAeuoewv µ£ tic; HnA, 
ouµcpca>va µ£ TO ap9po XIV (6) tnc; ouµcpca>v(ac; INTELSAT, 1fPOK£tµ£vou va 
e~ao,aA108e( n uxv11<n ouµflat6tnta Kat va awo,euxeouv 01Kovoµ1dc; 
~nµlec;. 
To 1985, n FCC 9E01f l 0£ tva KOYOY l OT l K6 wAa ( 0 lo 1fOU Aaµpave l umwn t I<: 
e,apµoytc; twv xwp 1 otci>v 6opu<pop 1 Kci>v ouon1µatwv. o 1 'ope ( c; £Kµe:taHeuonc; 
xwptotci>v ouotnµatwv 6e:v µwopouv va aoKouv 6paot11p16t11te:c; we; e:w1xe1pnoe1c; 
TflA£1flKOlYWYIWY. Ot £1flKOIYWY(ec; 1f0U 61aP1Pa~OYTOI µtow TWV XWPIOTWY 
ouotnµatwv 6ev wp£we:1 va 61aouv6£ovta1 µe ta 6nµ6o1a µetayoµeva 6(1<tua. o 
1f£P top I oµ6c; 61 OOUY6£0flt; £,apµo~£Ta I 0£ 6Aa ta £1f ( 1f£6a TWV XP'lOTWY TWY 
£YKataOTQ0£WV autci>v. Ot £1flX£lpftoe:tc; tnA£1flKOlVWVlWV Kal Ol cpope(c; 
napoxr'tc; wponyµtvwv uwnpe:o1ci>v µwopouv va ayopa~ouv Kat va µe:tanwAouv to 
6uvaµ1K6 TOU 61aotnµ1KOU tµnµatoc; TWY XWPlOTWY ouotnµatwv U1f0 Tl'lV 
npoUnoee:on ot 1 nAnpouv tov wapawavw we:p 1op1 oµo. H xpnon twv xwp 1 otci>v 
ouotnµatwv aw6 ttc; £1flX£1pftoetc; TflA£1flKOlVWVIWV TWY HnA awatte( tnv 
EYKPIOl'l Tf1<; FCC. 
01 a1tr'toe1c; via ta 61e:evn xwp1ota 6opu<pop1Ka ouotftµata nptwe1 va 
611µ001euovta1 Ka1 va unoPaAAovta1 oe 6nµ6o10 oxoA1aoµ6. H t£AtKt'l £yKp1011 
Katao1<eunc;, £Kt6~euonc; Ka 1 £KµnaHeuo11c; xwp 1 otou ouotnµatoc; 6ev 
xop11ye(ta1 µtxp1 va £KnA11pw8ouv 01 unoxpeci>oe:1c; nou ava,tpovta1 oto ap8po 
XIV(6) tnc; ouµcpca>v(ac; INTELSAT. ntpa ano tlc; U1fOXP£cOo£1c; auttc;, 01 
e:n1xe1pnoe1c; t11Ae:n1Ko1vwv1ci>v uwoflaAAovtat ottc; (61ec; voµ11<tc;, 
xp11µatOOIKOV0µ1Ktc; KOi T£XVlKtc; ana1tr'toe1c; µe £K£(vec; TWV U1f0"1ri,1wv 
£9VIKWV cpoptwv 6opu,opwv TWV HnA. 
'E~ 1 cpope ( c; txouv 66£ 1 ec; KataoKeur'tc; un6 a (peon Ka 1 tvac; cpoptac;, o Pan 
Amer lean Sate I Ii te (PAS), txe:1 a6e:ta KataOKt:ut\c;, £KTO~£UOl'l<; Kat 
e:KµetaAAeuonc; xwp1otou 61e8vouc; 6opu,op1Kou ouott'lµatoc;. 01 PAS Kat Orion 
EXOUV oAoKAnpw0£1 Tl') 61a61Kao(a 61a(louAEuO£WY 1fOU ava,tpetal OTO ap8po 
XIV(6). O PAS £KµetaHeueta1 tvav 6opu,6po nou e~ao,aA(~e1 unnpeo(ec; 
µeta~u twv HnA, tnc; Ke:vtp11<nc; Kat N6ttac; Aµep1Kftc;, tnc; KapalP11<nc; Kat tnc; 
Eupci>nnc;. o Orlon 6ev txe1 aK6µn AaPe1 teA1Kt'l tyKp1on. 
-52 -
Tov louv10 1990, o PAS untPaA£ altnon otnv FCC y1a Tl"IV apon TWV 
Il£PlOPlOµwv 6taouv6eon<: TWV Uill"IP£0lWV TOU µ£ TO 611µ6o10 µetay6µ£VO 6IKTUO 
( 6 l aouv6£011 µg T l <: cpca»Vl"IT l Kt<: Uill"IP£0 ( £<: Ka l T l <: Uill"IP£0 ( £<: £Il£~£pyao (a<; 
µnvuµatwv 6e6oµtvwv), 6t£UKp1vl~ovta<: 6tt o n£p1optoµ6<; aut6<: tov 
eµn661oe va £Kµ£taAAeu9£( navw an6 to 901 tn<: 6uv11t1Kn<: ayopa<;. 
7.1.3. K1yn1£c 6opuceop1Ktc unnpegl£c g11c HOA 
IIOV toµta TWV KI vnxwv 6opucpop l KWV Uill"IP£0 I WV, 11 noA l I l Kfl 6opucpop l KWV 
tnAen1Kotvwv1wv nou aKoAoueouv 01 HOA ouvexl~£l va Paol~£1at oe onµav11K6 
Pa9µ6 oe £Kt 1µnoe1 <: eev 1 Kou ouµcptpovto<:. To 1984. n FCC np6te 1 ve 111 
611µ a oupy la vta<: 6nµ6o 1 a.; eev 1 Kn<: 6opucpop a Kn<: Ka vntn<: unnp£o I a<: CMSS -
mobile satellite service) Kai KaAeo£ ta £v61acpep6µ£va µtpn va unoPaAouv 
a1tnO£l<: y1a Tl"IV tyKplOl'l KataOK£Ut'I<:. £Kt6~£U011<: Kai £Kµ£taAAeuon<: 
ouotnµato.; MSS. To 1986, KattAn~e oto ouµntpaoµa 6tt n an6 Ko1vou 
1610Ktnola tou ouotnµato«; MSS npwtn<: y£vea<: ea enttp£ne va 6tau9el 
ypnyopa oto Ko a v6 eupu cpaoµa avtaywv 1 ot a Kwv K 1 vntwv 6opucpop 1 Kwv 
Uill"IP£0lWV. H FCC 9£WPl'l0£ 6t1 tnpene va £Illtpan£( tva µ6vo £8v1K6 ouotnµa 
MSS npwtn<: yevea<: y1a tou<: aK6Aou9ou<: A6you<:: 
01 auxv6tnte<: nou 61at(8evta1 otn ~wvn L an6 Ko1vou µe tat 
aepovauttKt<: KlVl"ITt<: 6opucpop1Kt<: Uill"IP£Ol£<: (aocpaA11a) (AMSS(R)) Kat 
ti<: K1v11tt<: 6opucpop1Ki<: unnpeol£<: CMSS) £lva1 nep1op1oµtve<: Kai 
Kaviva<: an6 tou.; 6w6sKa attouvte<: 6£v un£PaA£ np6taon yaa tn xopnvnon 
a6e1a.; 0£ Il£Plao6T£pa an6 tva ouotflµata, 
tnpene va 6081( npoupa16tnta Kai npovoµ1aKn np6oPaan otnv AMSSCR> 
Kal 
£npen£ va OUVTOVIOT£( 11 XPflOl'l TOU cpaoµatO<: OUXVOtfltwV µ£ 61acpopa aAAa 
npoPA£n6µeva 6opucpop1Ka ouott'lµata, 6nw<: to ouotnµa INMARSAT Kai ta 
ouotnµata tou Kava6a Kai tn<: EII6. 
rta TOU<: A6you<: aUTOU<:, ., FCC ~t'ITl10£ an6 TOU<: atTOUVT£fi: nou 
avtanoKplvovtav ota paotKa Kp1tnpta va 611µ1oupynoouv Ko1vn entxelpnon Kat 
va npOT£ ( VOUV tva OUOTl'lµa MSS ouµcpwvo IlPO<: T t «; Y£V I Kt<: 61 ata~£ t «; OTOV 
Toµ£a TWV a6£1WY. Itn ouv£xe1a £6wo£ a6£1a Otnv American Mobl le Satellite 
Corporation CAMSC), oto nAalo10 111<: onolac £lxav ouyK£vtpw9e( 01 
at TOUVT£C MSS, va KataOK£UOO£ I Ka I va £1<µ£taH£U9£ ( tva µI KT6 ouotnµa 
6opucp6pwv AMSSCR> Kai MSS. H npootvv1011 autn aµcp10Pntn8n1<£ enet6t'I 
9£wpn9nK£ 6t1 611µ1oupyouoe nep1op1oµouc 1<a1 61aKplo11c tvavt1 twv 
6UVl"ITIKWV cpoptwv napoxnc Uill"IP£01WV nou 6£V £lva1 £YKat£OT1'lµivo1 OTlfi: HOA. 
-53 -
7.2 lgncqy(g 
Ol npwto& ne&paµat&Kol 6opucp6po& tn<: lanwvla<: oxe6&aotnKav Kat 
KataOKEUOotnKaV a116 aµeplKOVOU<: epyoA{\llt£<:. not6oo, OTO nAalolO tn<: 
ouµcpwvla<: ouvepyao(ac;, n lanwvla µnopouoe va ayopaoe& 66£&£<: Ka& va 
unoypa•e' 110AA£c; ouµ,wY(ec; ouvepyaoiac; Kat, e110µ£vwc;, va aKoAou8noet µta 
otpatnvu<n nou ea tnc; e11hpe11e va PEAt&ci»oe& tov e~o11A&oµ6 tn<: Kat va 
aoxoAn9el 11ep&oo6tepo µe touc; µeAAovttKou<: 6opucp6pouc;. Kata t&<: 6eKaetl£<: 
·10 Kat '80, n ouµPoM tnc; &anwvtKn<: Ptoµnxavlac; au~"'811K£ ota8epa, oe 
onµe(o JJOU Ol 6uo TEAEuta(ec; yevetc; JJEtpaµattKWY tnAEJJlKOlYWYlQKWV 
6opucp6pc.>v, Ol ETS IV (1981) Kat ETS v (1987) e(vat lOJJCl>VlKn<: KataOKEUO<: 
Kata 100%. Itov toµta TCl>V £KTO~£UTWY, Ol 11p6o601 11payµato1101{\811KaY µ£ TOY 
(6to pu9µ6: ft6n a116 TO 1992, 11 laJJC&>Y(a 11po1JA£11£1 6tl 8a µ11op£( Va £KTO~£U£l 
touc; 6tKouc; tnc; tnAentKo&vwvaaKouc; 6opucp6pouc;. 
t:>c::Joy acpopa tac; £•apµoytc;, µaa onµaYt1Kn aAAavn onµ£aw8nK£ to 1985 µe tnY 
161C&>TIKOJJOlnon Tl1<: NTT Kai Tl1 8£011aon Y6µou OTOV toµta TCl>Y 
Tl1A£lllKOlVCl>VlWY(32). 
Kat'£•apµovn tou v6µou, To u11oupy£lo taxu6poµ£lwY Kai tnA£11tK01Yc.>vawv 
(MPT) £6wo£ a6£ la 0£ 6uo µ£yaAou<: oµ ( Aou<: JJOU £pya~OYTa l OTOY toµ£a TCl>Y 
6opucp6pwv va aoK{\oouv 6paOtflpt6Tnn:c; tunou I (£9YtKtc;> oe avtayc.>vaoµ6 µ£ 
T11Y NTT. Ot £11txe1pno£tc; auttc; £(vat n Japan Communications Satellite Co. 
(JC Sat.), nou aY{\K£t otn Hughes Communications, c. ltoh Ka1 Mitsui, Kai n 
Space Commun I cat Ions Corporat Ion (SCC) nou avftK£l otouc; Ford Aerospace, 
Mitsubishi Electric Kat Mitsubishi Corporation. 
Ka9£µ(a a116 ttc; £tatp£(£c; auttc; EX£t 11apayy£(A£t otov aµeptKav6 £ta(po tnc; 
£ya ouotriµa JJOU a110T£h(tal a116 6uo 6opucp6pouc;. H JC Sat Ex£1 
tpox 'o8etno£ t twpa 6uo 6opu,6pouc; £vw ., sec tvav: o 6£ut£poc; 6opucp6poc; 
tnc;, Superblrd B, xa8nK£ µeta a116 PAaPn £Kt6~£uonc; TO t£13pouapto 1990. 0 
6opuc,6poc; nou ea Tov avttKaTaotno£t 11p6K£&ta& Ya £Kto~eu9e( To 1992. 
ITo 11Aa(o&o enavaKa8op&oµou tnc; noA&ttKi\c; tn<:, n lanwvla ava8£wpnoe enlon<: 
T'1 &ton tnc; we; npoc; TO p6Ao JJOU 61a6paµatl~£l '1 NASOA(33), f1 E8VtKi\ 
Ynnpeo la v a a Tl1Y Avantu~n tou !:t. 1 aotnµatoc;, otov Toµta tnc; uxvoAov' Ki\<: 
aYOJJTU~f'lt TCl>V Tf1A£lllKOlYCl>YlaKWV 6opucp6pc.>Y. ME Tl1Y £A£u9£pwon TOU Toµta TCl>V 
tnA£111KOlYCl>YIWY Kai µ£ Tl1 xopnvnon a6£lWV OTI<: t6tC&>TlKS<: £lllX£tp{\o£tc; JJOU 
xpnoaµono&ouv aµ£ptKavtKouc; 6opu,6pouc;, n KuPtPYnon ano•ao&o£ Ya Paoaot£l 
KUp(wc; Otte; £U£PYl1TlKE<: µaKpo11p68£0µ£<: OUYeJJ£1£t Tf'lt avaJJTU~l'lt TCl>Y 
6opu.op&KWY £JllKOlYCl>YIWY -OTO £JJIY£l0 KUp(wc; tµflµa, 611ou Ol lQJJCl>V£<: 
KOTOOK£UOOTE<: EXOUY i\611 KOTOKT{\0£1 oa.Wc; 6£0JJ6~0UOa 8EOf1 -KOl OTOV toµ£a 
TWV 6opucpoptKWV Ulll'lPEOlWY. 
(32) 0 v6µoc; aut6c; u11061alp£( TOY Toµta TCl>V Tl'lh:JJIKOIVCl>YIWY 0£ 6uo Kup1ouc; 
Tunouc;: toY Tuno 1, nou ouyK£YTPWY£l T&c; £JJ&X£&pnoeac; nou naptxouv 
TflAEJJIKOlVCl>VlaKtc; Ulll'lPEO(Ec; µe tnv uAono(non TCl>Y 6tKWY touc; £yKataOTOO£WV, 
Ka' TOY TUJJO I I n TI c; £11 l XE I POO£ l c; µnanwAnonc;' JJOU 11ap£xouv Ullf1P£0 (Ee; 
XPl10lµOJJOlWVTac; µao8wµtva KUKAwµata a116 Tl<: £JJlX£tp{\o£tc; TUJJOU I. H ~tYn 
ouµµetoxn 6AwY TWY e111xetpi\0£wv tou tunou I 11£p1op(~sta1 oe 30%. 
(33) A116 tic; apxtc; tnc; 6£Kaet(ac; tou 1970, n National Space Development Agency 
CNASDA), nou 16pu811Ke to 1969, anotsAsl tov Kup16t£po cpopta KuP£pvnt1Kn<: 
naptµPaonc; otoY toµta tnc; KataoKeunc; twv 6opucp6pwY. 
-54 -
H 611µ1oupy(a, ot1c; apxtc; tou 1987, tnc; oµa6ac; tpeuvac; via Tac; 61aot11µ1Ktc; 
Tl1A£1t I KO I YWY ( £<;, µ£ Tl'IY 1tPWT0(3ouA (a TOU MIT I , TOU U1tOUPY£ (OU 61 eevouc; 
eµuop ( ou Ka 1 f3 1 oµnxav ( ac; Tilt I auwv ( ac;, uunp~e tvac; au6 touc; KUP 16Tepouc; 
OUVT£A£0TE<; Tilt OTa61aKnc; aUOXWPllOllt Tilt NASDA KQl Tilt £VtatlK01tOlllOllt TWV 
16lWTlKWY £YlOXUO£WY 1tOU uaptxouv Ol £ttlX£•PnO£l<; TllA£ttlKOlYWYIWY OTl'l 
(31 oµrlXaY (a 6' aotnµatoc;. H vta £ta 1 pe la xp11µato6otn811K£ Kata 70X au6 to 
la1tWYlK6 KEYtpo (3aOlKWY T£XYOAOVlWY, 1tOU eAtvxetal au6 TO MITI, Kai Kata 
30X au6 6£Ka '6 'WT l KE<; n µ l KTE<; £ta' P£ I£<;, µ£Ta~u tWY Otto' WY 
ouµ11£paAaµ(3avovta1 Ol NTT, KOO Kal NHK. 
Ta 6uo t6lWTlKO 6opu,oplKO OUOtnµata 1tOU EXOUY n611 £YKP1ee( ea upoo,tpouv 
108 avaµeta66tec; 6Tav £Kto~eu9ouv 01 4 6opucp6po1, 611Aa6n 6uvaµ 1 K6 11ou 
aYTIOTOlX£( 0£ £K£(vo TWY 11EYT£ 6opucp6pwv EUTELSAT I I Kai TWY 6uo 6opu,6pwv 
Astra Kat KaAuutea ayopa tnc;: ouolac;: o nA11euoµ6c; e(vaa looc; µe to µ106 
nA118uoµ6 tnc; Eupwunc;. To 6uvaµ1K6 aut6 ea au~neel e11111A£ov au6 tov e8v1K6 
6opucp6po CS3 (24 avaµeta66tec;). Tov Aup(Aao 1990, 01 SCC Kai JC Sat elxav 
µ 'oeWoe' 1t£P ( ttOU SOX tWY avaµeta60TWY TOU<;: 40 au6 TOU<; 64 y I a TOU<; 
6opucp6pouc; 1 Kai 2 TOU JC Sat Kal 25 au6 TOU<; 44 yla TOU<; Superbird A Kal B 
tnc; sec. 
Mia tpltn aµep1Kavola11wv1Kn Ko1vo11pa~(a, ll Satel I ite Japan Corporation 
(SJC), 1tOU OUYK£VTPWY£l Tl<; RCA Astra Electronics, Sony, Nlsaho-lwal 
Trading Kai Marubeni Trading, 1tPOT£(Y£1 tva l6lWTIK6 OUOTl'lµa. H Satel I lte 
Japan 6ev be 1 aK6µn e~ouo' o6otn9e ( au6 to uuoupye ( o taxu6poµe ( wv Ka 1 
t11Ae111Ko1vwv1wv uou £K,pa~e1 avllouxlec; we; npoc; to uAeova~ov 6uvaµ1K6. 
nap6µo 1 ec; avnoux ( sc; s I xav sK,paoes ( up 1 v au6 TflY tvap~fl As 1 toupy ( ac; twv 
6opucp6pwv JC Sat Kal Superblrd, aAAa ,a(vstal twpa 6t1 Ol 6uo £Talp£(£<; ea 
txouv e111tuxla. 
Evw 01 6opu,6po1 elxav oxe61aots( apxaKa yaa va s~ao,aA(oouv tnv t11Aeo11t1Kn 
61 avoµn -Ka 1 upayµat 1 txouv eu 1tuxe1 onµavt 1 Ka 6oov a'°pa tn µ l oewon 
6uvaµ1Kou avaµsta6otwv, t6oo Oto NTT 600 Kat otouc; 'ops(c; sKµ£taAA£uonc; tnc; 
KaAw61 aKnt TllA£6paonc; -61 a,opsc; aHsc; £,apµoytc; txouv £11 I one; avautuxes ( 
taxuppu9µa. 01 pa61ot11Aeo11t1Ko( opyav10µ0( Kup(wc; ev61a,tpovta1 161a(tepa 
v 1 a Tll xpnon twv 6opucp6pwv v 1 a ta ouotnµata ouydvtpwonc; £ 16noswv µtow 
6opu,6pou CSNG -Satellite News Gathering)• t£oosp1c; avaµsta66tsc; sul tou 
Superblrd-A XPl10lµ01tOlOUVTal 9"611 y1a TO OK01t6 aut6 KOi 11 SCC 11po(3AE1t£l 6t1 
o ap18µ6c; aut6c; ea au~118s( os 8 twc;: 12 avaµeta66tec;. npayµat1, 11 61a8son 
tou 61aotnµ1 Kou tµf\µatoc; Ka 1 n eAsu9sp (a up6o(3aonc; Oto tµf\µa aut6 txouv 
upo~svnos 1 tnv eµ,av 1 on uoHwv avs~aptntwv '°ptwv uapoxnc; u1111pso 1 wv. o 1 
sta1ps(sc; auttc; ea 11pt11e1 eulonc; va 11pooavatoA1otouv upoc; tnv uapoxn 
Tl1A£011TIKWV U1t11P£01WY Vla Tl<; £1tlX£1Pf\0£1<;, £,apµoyft 110U yvwp(~£1, snlonc;, 
taxs(a ava11tU~fl -11.x. µ1a 1a11WYlKf\ £taaps(a 11apoxftc; tllA£011TlKWV U1111P£0lWV 
y1a tac; sn1xsapnos1c; nwAs( µstaxe1p1oµtva autoKlvrita µtow 6opu,6pou. 
-55 -
Ta l 61 WT l Ka eµnop l KO 6opucpop l Ka 6 ( KTUa napouo l a~OUV £1t ( 0'1~ µeyaAo 
ev61a,tpov. noAAt~ µeyaAe~ aanwvaKtt etaapelet nAeKtpov1Kwv txouv 
avaK01vci»oe1 tnv np68eon tout va ouv6toouv tn Paoµnxavla tou~, ta 
1t£Pl,£P£laKa TOU~ ypa,e(a Kai Ta onµe(a nwAnoewv TOU~ µe t£Ae,al n Plvteo. 
H Mitsubishi, £va~ an6 TOU~ t6lOKtnte~ TOU JC Sat, XP'10lµ01t0l£( TO OUOTflµa 
y1a va 61aP1Pa~£l nAnpocpop(e~ OTlt £1tlX£lPnO£lt TOU £µ1tOPlKOU Tflt 6tKTUOU. 
Op1oµtva an6 ta 6(Ktua nou txouv uAono1n8e( e(va1 noAu µeyaAa Kat µnopouv 
va nep1Aaµpavouv tw~ 5000 tepµataKa. nap'6t1 otnv apxn n ayopa Kuptapxelto 
an6 µov66poµe~ e'apµoyt~, noHt~ 1anwv1Kt~ etaape(e~ nAEKtpov11<wv txouv 
avantu~et npwt6tuna tepµattKwv VSAT 61nAnt Kateu8uvon~. 
01 texvoAoy(e~ twv 6opu,op1Kwv en11<01vwv1wv txouv avantuxeel onµavt11<a 1<aTa 
tnv teAeuta(a 6e1<aet(a. 
Inµepa, unapxouv, ntpa an6 tou~ napa6001a1<ou~ µeyaAou~ en(yeaou~ ota8µou~ 
nou xpno1µono1ouvta1 yaa tnv unepaot1Kn tnAe,wv(a 1<a1 tnv avtaAAavn 
tnAeont11<wv npoypaµµatwv, vta 6opucpop11<a tepµat1Ka nou txouv oxe6aaote( yaa 
an'eu8elat tnAeonT1Kn µeta6oon oto on(T1 1<a1 yaa Tl~ e1611<t~ e,apµoyt~ Twv 
XPflOTwv, Ta ono (a h 1 Toupyouv µe 1<epa ( £~ 61 aµtTpou O, 5 tw~ 2, 5 µttpwv, 
avaAoya µ£ Tl~ £,apµoyt~, 1<al µnopouv va T01t09£Tfl80UV un6 TOY £A£YXO TOU 
xpnotn Kal Kat'eu8e(av OTI~ eyKaTaOTOOEI~ TOU. 
H texv0Aoy11<n np6o6o~ npoo,tpea euputaTn oeapa vtwv 6uvaTotntwv, t6oo yaa 
tou~ cpope(~ napoxn~ unnpeoawv 6oo 1<a1 yaa tout xpnote~ 6opu,op11<wv 
unnpeoawv -Kup(w~ 6oov a,opa tnv napoxn 6opucpop11<wv unnpeoawv an6 onµelo 
oe noAAanAa onµe(a. Ot v£01 tunot unnpeotwv nou avantuooovtat ouµnAnpwvouv 
µaAAov napa avtaywvl~ovTaa ta~ napa6001aK£~ unnpeole~. npayµata, evw ota~ 
6aatAavta1<t~ entKoavwv(e~ 01 6opufop11<£~ ~eu~et~ ouvex(~ouv va 
avtanpoowneuouv nep(nou 60% Tn~ napa6001a1<n~ unepaot1Kn~ tnAetwv(a~ 
(nap'6ta To noooot6 auT6 txea apxloe1 va µe1wvsta1), n 6opucpop1Kn 'wvnt•Kn 
tnAe,wvla s~aofaA(~e1 µ6vo to 2 tw~ 3% twv 61e8vwv ev6oeupwna1Kwv KAnoewv 
Ka l TWV eev' KWV KAnoewv 0£ µeyaAe~ anootaoe I~. Ta too6a TOU EUTELSAT 
npotpxovtat Kata 75% an6 tnv tnAeontaKn 61avoµn. 
H texvoAoyla enatptnea nAtov otou~ xpnotet va txouv µeyaAutepn np6oPaon ota 
6opuq>0p11<a tepµataKa Kat unnpeolet. 01 vtet ypaµµt~ 6opu,op11<wv unnpeo1wv -
6nwt ta 6(Ktua VSAT oe µeyaAe~ ano0Taoe1~ nou oKon6 txouv va avtaµeTwn(oouv 
Tl~ avayK£t £1tlKOlVWVlWY TWV £l6lKWV oµa6wv XPflOTWV OTflV eupwna&Kn KA(µa1<a 
-ea µnoptoouv va eyKataota9ouv 1<a1 va eneKTa9ouv µ6vo av 8eon1otel 
KataAAnAo KaVOVlOTll<6 nAa(OIO ltOU £1tlTpe1t£l TflV avantu~n tOU~ OTflV 
eupwna·c1<n KAlµaKa. rev11<a, o ouvexw~ au~av6µevot apa9µ6~ 6opucp6pwv nou 
6aa9£Tea n Eupwnn nptnea va te8e( nAnpw~ oTnv unnpeo(a Tfl~ oaKovoµlat tnt. 
-56 -
npoK£tµ£vou va ouvayay£a n Eupwnn 6oo to 6uvat6 n£ptoa6t£pa o,tAn an6 Tt<: 
y£v a Ktc;: tn<: £n£v6uo£ a c;: oto 6 a aotnµ a K6 tµnµa Ka a va £ ( va a OE eton va 
napaox£ a otou<: Eupwna ( ou<: xpnouc;: Ta<: 6 a supwna·cKtc;: unnpso l sc;: nou txouv 
avayKn, nptnsa va £1tttpans( Otte;: 6opu'°paKt<: unnpaola<: va Ka8op(oouv Kal va 
avantu~ouv ttc;: sa6tK£c;: tou<: ayoptc;:. 
npoKsaµtvou va avantu~ouv tn Ptoµnxavla touc;:, ot HnA Kat n lanwvla txouv 
Ut08£TnO£t, Otte;: £8VtKE<: touc;: ayopt<; 6opucp6pwv, noAtTtKn 1tOU OUYK£VTPWV£Tat 
otac;: anaatnosac;: tnc;: ayopac;:. Msta an6 6sKaoxtw xp6vaa £8vtKnc;: noA•ttKnc;: 
avo a xtwv oupavwv, o a HnA µ116psoav va KataKtnoouv nvet a Kn eton ot t c;: vtec;: 
£,apµoywv TWV 6opu,optKWV £1tlKOtVWVlWV. nsp(nou 40.000 T£pµattKa VSAT 
Aeatoupyouv tn otayµn autn Otte;: HnA, £K twv onolwv to tva tplto nsplnou 
£ ( va a ota8µo l £Knoµnnc;:/Ancpnc;:, tvavtt op a oµtvwv µ6vo £Katovta6wv ota9µwv 
£Knoµnnc;:/Ancpnc;: otnv Eupwnn. H lanwv(a npostotµa~sta• tn ottvµn autn va 
£a otus a otnv nayK6oµ a a ayopa £hu8£pwvovtac;: tnv £8v •Kn tnc;: ayopa otov 
toµta aut6. 
napa tov npwtapxtK6 tou<: p6Ao 6oov a'°pa tnv lKavonolnon twv avayKwv twv 
sa6tKwv £1ttX£tpnoswv Kat oµa6wv KatavaAwtwv, oa unnpso(ec;: 6opu'°ptKwv 
entKotvwvtwv 6ev np6K£ttat va el~ouv tnv otKovoµtKn Ptwotµ6tnta tn<: 
En l vs tac;: uno6oµnc;:. Itt c;: HnA, µeta an6 £ l KOO t nep l nou xp6v a a noA t t t Kn<: 
aVOtXTWV oupavwv, Ta ouvoAtKQ too6a TWV 6opu'°ptKWV £1ttKOlVWVtWV 6£V 
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an6 ttc;: tnAenlKotvwvl£<: Kat n sA£u9£pwon txst svtslvet Kat 6ta,oponotnoet 
onµavttKa tnv avantu~n tou toµta autou. 'Ooov a,opa tnv Eupwnn, oa 
npoPAtcps t c;: ya a to 2000 ,avepwvouv 6t a ta ouvoA a Ka too6a twv 6opu,op a Kwv 
tnA£1t' KO' vwv t WV 6£V ea unspPouv TO 1, 5 ewe;: 2, 5 TWV ouvoA' KWY 
tnAenaKoavwvaaKwv so66wv. Tn otavµn autn, o ouvoAtK6c;: KUKAoc;: epyaotwv 6Awv 
twv '°ptwv EKµetaAAsuonc;: 6opu'6pwv otnv Eupwnn avttnpoown£u£t µ6vo 0,4% twv 
ouvoAtKwv tnAEntKotvwvtaKwv £o66wv tnc;: EupwnalKnc;: Ko•v6tntac;:. 
Itov wlyqKq 5 ouvocp(~ovtaa ta Kup16t£pa apl8µnt•Ka OTOlXE(a nou a'°pouv ttc;: 
6opu'°ptK£c;: EntKotvwv(ec;: otnv Eupwnn. 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 Figure 5 
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN EUROPE -AN OVERVIEW1 
1. SPACE SEGMENT 
Total number of satellites (1990) with European coverage (footpriht)2----------------- --------------32 
out of which European sate I I ites-,.-------,.------------,.. _____ ..;_,.. _____ ..; ___________________________ ..;___ _ ________ ..; ____ 17 
Total papacity (transponders) (1990) ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ 350 
out of which I NT ELSA T3 ---------------------------------------'"----""---------------------------------- -----------48% 
E:UTELSAT ---------------------------------------"'-----------------------·----·----------------------------- -----------23°k 
Increase of capacity of European satellites from 1989 to 1993 -----------.--------------- ______ ,. __ 215% 
(% increase in number of transponders)4 
Increase in number of European satellites from 1990 to 1993 ---------------------------- -----,------88% 
2. EARTH SEGMENT 
Business termi nals5 ( 1989) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------9000 
-rec.eive-only6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------8600 
-two-way7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ 400 
Terminals used for television reception (1989)------------------------------------------------- -------840000 
-private household -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------,.. -----------90% 
-cable feeds -----------------------------------------------------------,----------------------------------- -----------10% 
3. SATELLITE BASED SERVICES 
Total revenues derived by satellite operators (1990-estimated)8------------------------- --440 MECU 
Out of which : 
-satellite carried telephony9-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------44 % 
-satellite distributed television services1° -------------------------------------------------------- -----------46% 
-new sat elite services11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------10% 
All 1990 figures based on August 1990. 
including 7 INTELSAT satellites, 1 PanAmSat, 2 INMARSAT, 2 Arabsat, number of USSR satellites unknown. 
including an equivalent of 150 telephony transponders and 18 TV transponders. INTELSAT capacity mainly 
used for trans-Atlantic and trans-continental use. 
according to announced plans (see fig. 2 and 3). Total number of equivalent transponders on European 
satellites announced for 1993 : about 400. Total increase in transmission capacity will depend on technology 
and access methods used and will be larger than increase in number of transponders. 
This represents mainly VSAT terminals. The number of VSAT terminals world-wide in 1989 was about 44 000, 
mainly in the United States. 
About 30 000 world-wide 
About 14 000 world-wide 
This corresponds to 0.45% of total telecommunications revenue in the European Community + EFTA 
countries (95 billion ECU in 1989) 
out of which 33% INTELSAT carried trans-Atlantic telephony. Within the Community satellite based 
telephony does not correspond to more than 2 to 3% of international telephone service. 
Currently, more than 60 satellite TV channels are available in Europe. Near 75% of current EUTELSAT 
revenues are derived from television services. 
Including video conferencing services and point to mult-point one-way and two-way VSAT systems. 
-58 -
IV. 01 60PYtoPIKEt EnlKOINGNIEt tTO [YNOAIKO llOAITIKO nAAltlO 
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twc; TO 2000, 01 EUpwtralKtc; trpoona8£1£<: OTOV Toµta TOU 61aoTt'lµaTO<: µtow Tn<: 
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nayK6oµ I 0 £1( ( tr£6o' TWV onµEp l vwv trhOVEKTnµatwv Ka I a6uvaµ I WV Touc; OTOV 
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oTnv avaKo(vwon auTt'a npoTe(veTa1 oe1pa npwtapx1Kwv oT6xwv y1a Tnv Eupwna°iKt'I 
trOAlTIKt'a 61aott'aµaToc;. 
01 16te:c; nou avanTuoaovta1 oTnv EV A6yw avaKo(vwon e:ntTpe:~av va Ka8op108ouv 
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Tnc; Ko1v6Tntac;: 
(34) H EupwtralKt'a Kotv6tnTa KQI TO ~IQOTnµa -µ1a OUVEKTlKt'I trpootyy1on, COM(88) 
417 Tnc; 26.07.1988. 
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aAAnAen(6paonc; IJ£Ta£u Tnc; KOlVOTlKnc; OTPOT'lYlKt'lc; E&A Kal TWV npoypaµµaTWV 
Tnc; EupwnalKt'lc; Ynnpeolac; A1aoTt'lµaToc; CEYA)C2>, 
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KOi £ttly£1WV OUOTnµaTWV, 
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0£ 1tlOTWO£tc; nAnpwµwv. Ot KUpl6T£P£c; KOT£U9UV0£1c; 6paonc; twc; TO 2000 
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EYA y1a TflV avattTu£n TWV 6opucpoplKWV £1tlKOlVWVIWV OVTl1tPOOCd1t£U£1 ot'lµEpa 250 
twc; 300 £KOToµµup1a ECU. 
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OTOV TOµta TWV 6opucpoptKWV £1tlKOlVWVIWV. H Yttflp£o{a auTt'I txea npayµaTt 
avanTu~et Kat £KTo~euoe1 ne1paµaT1Kouc; 6opucp6pouc; yaa T'l 60K1µt'I rnc; 
P1wo1µ6tntac; TOUC: 0£ tpoxaa (0 6opucp6poc; OTS £Kto£eu8flK£ TO 1978, 0 OLYMPUS 
TO 1989 KOi 0 ARTEMIS ea £KTO£eu9e( TO 1993). En(onc;, n EYA EX£1 avattTU~£1 
Kai £KTO~£UO£l Ta OPXIKa OUOTt'lµaTa TWV EUTELSAT Kat INMARSAT, Tfl 0£tpa ECS 
1tOU XP'1011J01t0l£(Tal att6 TOV EUTELSAT an6 TO 1983 KOl Touc; 6opu.,6pouc; MARECS­
A (1tOU £KTO££u9nK£ TO 1981) KOl MARECS-B (1tOU £KTO~£U9'1K£ TO 1984) y1a TOV 
INMARSAT. 
To onµ£ptv6 np6ypaµµa OLYMPUS T'lC: EYA OKOtt6 EX£l va avattTU~£1 KOi va 
unoPah 1 oe 6oK 1 µtc; 0£ Tpox 1 a op 1 oµtvec; T£xvoAoy { ec; won va avanruxeouv 
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61aPlPaonc; 6e6oµtvwv Kat £Ktta16euT1Ktc; unnpeolec;, sn1Ko1vwv(sc; eups(ac; ~wvnc; 
Ka 1 ns 1paµat1 Ktc; µsTa66os 1 c; os ucpnAtc; ouxv6Tl1T£C: > Ka9wc; Ka a ya a 
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OAa Ta KpaTn µtAn tnc; Ko1v6tntac;, £Kt6c; an6 tnv EAAa6a, to Aou~sµpoupyo Kat 
Tnv noptoyaA(a s(va1 µtAn Tnc; EYA. 
-60 -
va 611µ1oupy11eouv 01 awapa(Tf1T£c;; woAITIKEc;;, KOVOVIOTIKEc;; Kai 
Tunono111t1K£c;; np0Unoetoe1c;; wou e(va1 awapa(Tf1T£c;; y1a Tf'lV avawTu~n Twv 
vtwv unnpeo 1 ci>v Ka 1 Tou £~ow A 1 oµou ci>oT£ va e~aocpaA 1 oee ( 11 KaAuT£Pf'l 
6uvatt'l £Kµ£TaAA£UOf'l TWV 61aoT11µ1KcOV OUOTf'lµOTWV, 
va npoc..enee( ., XPnOf'l TWV OUOTf'lµOTWV 6opucpop1KcOV £ttlKOIVWVlcOV OTf'lV 
ecpapµovn TWV KOIVOTIKcOV woAITIKcOV, 6nwc;; OTOV Toµta Tilt £Kwa(6euo11c;; Kai 
KatapT1011c;;, 
Va avaAllcpeouv £pyao(£c;; £peuvac;; Kai QVOWTU~f'lt y1a Va £UVOf'le£( 11 aVOWTU~f'l 
TWV gcpapµoyci>v TWV 6~aOTf'lµIKcOV OUOTf'lµOTWY. 
H avaKolvwon autn awot£Aeoe avt1Ke(µevo apx1Kt'lc;; e~£Tao11c;; oto da(o10 tou 
IuµPouA(ou Kai £xe1 uwoPAnee( Tci>pa wpoc;; e~£tao11 OTO EupwwalK6 Ko1vopouA10. 
Att6 Tf'lV Ettoxn wou 611µ001eue11KE TO tyypacpo COM(88) 417, ., EWITponn cpp6VTIOE 
va ttpoc..enoe1 Tll xpnon TWV OUOTf'lµOTWV 6opucpop1KcOV £WIKOIVWVlcOV OTO wAa(o10 
Tilt Ecpapµoync;; TWV KO I VOT I KcOV woA IT I KcOV, 16 (we;; OTouc;; TOµE ( c;; aypoT I Kt'lc;; Ka I 
tt£plcp£p£laKflc;; QVQWTU~llc;;, µ£ OKOW6 KUp(wc;; Tf'lV UAOWO(f10f'l OUOTf'lµOTWY 
£Kwa(6euo11c;; Ka1 Katapt1011c;; OE awoµaKpuoµtvec;; Kai aypot1dc;; wep1ox£c;; Tf'l<: 
Ko1v6t11Tac;;, Kaewc;; Ka1 otouc;; toµe(c;; Tilt evloxuonc;; twv avantuoo6µevwv xwpwv, 
Tf'l<: £Ktta(6euo11c;; KQI KQTOPTIOf'lc;;, TWV µetacpopwv Kai Tilt aA1£(ac;;, Kai 
611µ1oupy11oe otevtc;; ox£oe1c;; µe Tf'lV EupwwalKn Yw11peo(a A1aoTt'lµaToc;; otov toµta 
TWV TEXVOAOVIKWV E~EA(~EWV WOU OKOW6 txouv va WPO£TOlµaoouv Ta µeAAOVTIKO 
eupwwa"iKa OUOTt'lµaTa Tf'lhWI KO I vwv I aKWV 6opucp6pwv. 
Iuµcpwva µ£ TO wp6ypaµµa RACE, 0 p6Aoc;; TWV 6opucpop I KWV EW I KO I vwv I WV OTO 
ttAa(o10 TOU µeAAOVTIKOU £UpwwalKOU 61KTUOU £Up£(ac;; ~wvnc;; g(va1 uw6 £~ET00f'l 
Tf'l ot1yµt'l auTnC36>. 01 6paoT11p16TE<: auttc;; ea wp£we1 va ouvexloouv OTO 
wAa(o10 Tou vtou Ko1voT1Kou wpoypaµµaToc;;-wAa1o(ou E&A y1a Tf'lV w£p(o6o 
1990-1994. Ew1nA£ov, TO wp6ypaµµa DELTAC37) wou acpopa t1c;; ecpapµoyec;; twv 
T£XVOAoy1wv TWV WA1lpocpop1ci>v Kai TWV £WIKOIVWVlcOV OTOV Toµta Tile;; Tf1A£µae11011c;; 
£xe1 £~£taoe1 61e~o61Ka Tll xpt'lon Twv 6opucp6pwv, we;; µ£oou µeta60011c;;, 6wwc;; 
OTO KUPIO 60K1µaOTIK6 £pyo Channel E. To wp6ypaµµa COMETT, wou wpowee( Tic;; 
ouµwpa~£ I c;; OTOV Toµea Tilt £KWa ( 6euo11c;; Ka l KOT OPT I one;; µeta~u TWY 
wavEttlOTllµ(wv KOi TWV EWIX£1Pt'l0£WV, UWOOTf1p(~e1 TO £pyo EuroPACE. 
(36) To £pyo RACE R1002 µeAeta TO p6Ao TWV 6opucp6pwv OTO wep1PaAAov TWY 
£WIKOIVWVIWV eupe(ac;; ~ci>vnc;; wou wpoPA£w£TQI y1a Tic;; ew6µ£v£c;; 6£KQ£T(£c;;. Ito 
£pyo aut6 ouµµet£xouv 6£Ka µ£yaAec;; £ta1p£(ec;; tou a£po61aot11µ1Kou toµ£a. 
(37) Avawtu~n Twv µ£966wv µae11011c;; ot11v Eupci>wn µe Tl1 Ponee 1 a twv wpo11yµ£vwv 
T£XYOAoy1wv: TO KOIVOTIK6 auT6 wp6ypaµµa y1a TO owo(o 61atleevTa1 20 
£KaToµµup1a ECU 6£lxv£1 µe wo16 tp6wo µwopouv va avtA11eouv ocp£A11 aw6 
oA6KA11Pl'l 0£1PO T£XYOAoy1ci>v wA11pocpop1ci>v Kai Tl1A£WIKOIVWVlcOV wou ea T£eouv 0£ 
£cpapµovn Kata tic;; £w6µ£vec;; 6£Ka£tlec;; via t11v £Kwal6euo11 Kai KatapT1011. 
-61 -
H supwna"lKt'I noA a Ta Kt'I 6 a aoTt'lµaTo<; KaTa Ta<; 6£Ka£T ( £<; Tou '70 Ka a Tou '80 
£trtTp£~£ OTl1V EUPW1tl1 Va KaTaKTftO£l lOXUPfl 8ton OTOV Toµta TWV £KTO~EUTWV. 
Xapn OTlc; 6aacpop£TlKt<; yevet<; ARIANE, n Eupwnn KaTtXEl otiµspa navw ano TO 
60% Tl1<; ayopac; TWV EKTO££UTWV, npayµa nou aVTl1tPOOCl>1t£U£l ETt'IOIO £1o6611µa 
540 £Katoµµup(wv ECU (1989), Kal 37 6opucp6pou<; nou avaµtvouv va 
£KTo£su8ouv. 
t>oov acpopa To 6aaoTnµaKo Tµnµa, n Eupwnn txsa avanTu£e1 opaoµtv£<; ano Tl<; 
nAtov aY£1tTUyµtvsc; TEXVOAoy(sc; 6opucpopwv, 16(wc; OTOV Toµta TWV 6opucpop1KWV 
TnAEtrlKOIVWVIWV, xapn KUp(w<; otnv £1tlTUX(O TWV epyaOlWY E&A Tl1<; EupwnatKt'I<: 
Ynnpso (a<; A a ooTtiµaTo<;. O nUov np6ocpotoc; 6opucp6poc;, o OLYMPUS, tvoc; an6 
Touc; µeyaAuTspouc; Kaa touc; aoxup6tspouc; 6opucp6pouc; EtrlKoavwvawv nou txouv 
£KTO£su8e( µtxpa oflµepa, napOUOlO~El Twpa oAoKAnPl'l OElpa vtwv U1tl1PE0lWV Kai 
Kuplwc; eKelvec; nou xpno1µono1ouv µ1Kpouc; e~onA1oµouc; £6acpouc;. 01 xpnotec; 
TOU Olympus OTOY Toµta tnc; £Kna(6euonc; KOi Katapt1011c; e(va1 µtAn TOU 
EuroSTEP. not6oo, n eton tnc; Eupwnnc; ooov acpopa T 1 c; ££aywytc; oTov Toµta 
auT6 napoµtvs1 ano6uvaµwµtvn, Kup{wc; ens16n 6ev ovanTuoosTa1 ayopa 
eµnop 1 Kwv 6opucpop 1 Kwv en 1KO1vwv1 wv oTnv Eupwnn. npayµaT 1 , o a µova6 a KO ( 
eupwna·iKol TnAen1Ko1vwvaaKol 6opucp6po1 nou nwAouvto1 oTnv noyKooµaa ayopa 
elva1 oa 6uo 6opucpopo1 Arabsat, evw µ1a Ko1vonpa~(a Tnc; onolac; nye(Taa n 
British Aerospace KOTaOK£UQ~El Tn Y£YEQ 6opucpopwv INMARSAT-2. 
notooo, To en(yeao Tµftµa e(vo1 £Kelvo nou txs1 Says( nep1oo6Tspo ano touc; 
onµsp1vouc; nepaopaoµouc; otnv ayopa 6opucpopaKwv snaK01vwv1wv. As6oµtvou ota 
6£Y U1tOPX£ l EUpWna·iKft ayopa £trapKOUc; µeyt9ouc; Y la TO £tr (YE l 0 Tµflµa KO l , 
snoµtvwc;, n eupwnatKt'I Paoµnxov(o 6sv elva1 os eton va avanTu£e1 tac; 
lKaV6T11Ttc; Tnc; OTOV Toµta OUT6, KQTW ono TO 15% TOU s£onAaoµou nou 
f3p(OK£Ta1 en( Tou INMARSAT npotpxeTaa an6 Tnv supwno"lKt'I Paoµnxavla evw oa 
£trl600El<; TWV £Upwno(wv npoµn8EUTWY TOU TEpµaTlKOU e£onAaoµou TOU EUTELSAT 
e(va1 e~(oou xaµnAtc;. Movo oTouc; Toµelc; tnc; ayopac; oTouc; ono(ouc; txsa 
OXETtKa npoweneel n eAeuetpwon oTnv Eupwnn, 6nAo6n oTov Toµta Twv 
TnA£01tTlKWY KEpaawv µovo An~nc;, Ol supwna(oa KaTaOKEUaOTtc; txouv 01tOKTtiO£l 
µsyaAo µtpoc; tnc; oyopac; oTnv Eupwnn -navw ano To 90% tou ouvoAou twv 
s£onA 1 oµwv nou nwAMnoav to 1989 -nap' oT a , aKoµn Ka 1 y 1 • autouc; touc; 
e£otrA1oµouc;, noAAa 60µ1Ka OTOlXE(a OUVEX(~ouv oflµspa Va s(vat µn supwna"iKftc; 
npothuonc;. 
Ae6oµtvou 0T1 -y1a tva ouyKeKp&µtvo 6opucpop1K6 ouoTnµa -n entv6uon nou 
acp l £PWV£TO l OTOUc; E~OtrA l oµouc; TWV £1T ( y£ 'WV OTa9µwv E (Ya l oacp<i>c; u~nAoupn 
an6 TflV entv6uon nou anoaT£lTat y1a Touc; (6aouc; touc; 6opucp6pouc;, y(veTat 
cpavspo 6Tt µnopOUV VO xa90UV OTOV TOµta aUTO OflµOVTIKtc; 6UVOTOTl1T£c; 
avantu£nc;. o 1 ou~nTnos 1 c; nou apx 1 oav o 1 ox et 1 Ktc; supwna·aKtc; f31 oµnxav l ec; 
txouv ano6e(£e1 6tt oa Paoµnxavlsc; auttc; 9ewpouv ota elvaa os eto., va 
f3£ATtWOOUV Tl1V OVTOYWVl0TlKOTl1TO TOUc; OTOV ap9ouv Ol lOXUOVTEc; 1t£PlOPlOµo( 
OTO en(ysao tµtiµa. A£(~sa va onµeaw9el ota 01 µeAttec; nou txs1 avaAaf3e1 n 
En 1 Tponn ano6s a Kvuouv oT 1 o oyKoc; tnc; ayopac; µ 1 Kpwv en lye a wv oTa9µwv ea 
tpanAao1aoTel av ap9ouv 01 nsp1opaoµo(. 
En 1 nAtov, ea nptns 1 va npoweneouv nspa 1 Ttpw op 1 oµtvsc; npwtoPouA l sc; nou 
txouv avaAncp9sl Tn oTayµfl auTn µs oKon6 va f3sATtw9s( n eton Tnc; 
-62 -
EupwnalKnt Paoµnxavlat 6aaoTnµatot oTov toµta Twv 6opucpopaKwv en1Ko1vwv1wv: 
nAnPnt xpnon Twv T£xv0Aoy1Kwv 6uvaToTnTwv Tnt EupwnaYKnt YnnpEolat 
AaaoTnµaTot •POKE1µtvou va avanTuxeouv nep1oo6tEpo 01 6opucpopaKtt 
TEXvoAoylet T6oo yaa Tit 161wt1Ktt 6oo Kat Tit 6nµ6o1Et e'apµovtt. raa 
TO oKon6 auT6 txouv An•8El µtTpa µ£ Tnv tyKp1on, an6 To ouµPouA10 Tnt 
EYA, TOY louA10 1990, T'lt WEtpaµatlKOt anootoAnt ARTEMls(38) Kat 
npoypaµµatot 6opuf6pwv avaµeta6oont 6e6oµtvwv, 
AvanTu£n TWV E,apµoywv TWV OUOTqµatwv 6opucpopaKWV EWlKOlVWVlWV OTO 
nAa(oao tnt uAonolnont TWV KOlVOTlKWV noAITlKWV. 
To onµelo aut6 a'opa E161K6tEpa Tn xpnon twv nponvµtvwv tnAen1Ko1vwv1wv 
yaa tnv WEPl,EPElaKn avantu£n. Mtaw TOU npoypaµµaTOt STAR, n Koav6tqTa 
txE1 xopnvnoEa xpnµaT1Ktt ev1oxuoE1t y1a TO 6nµ1oupy(a µeyaAwv enlyEawv 
OTa8µwv 6opu,oplKWV EWIKOlVWVlWV Kat T'lV EyKaTaOTaon TEpµaTlKWV 
eµwopaKwv unnpeo1wv y1a Tat ~Eu~£1t 61aPlPaont. 
Acpopa Enlont Tit KOIVOTIKEt WOAITIKEt OTOV Toµta T'lt EKna(6euont Kai 
KaTapTaont, Twv µETa,opwv Kai Tnt aA1elat Ka8wt Kai T'lt Evloxuont Twv 
avantuao6µEvwv xwpwv. 
An6AuTn npoooxn oTo p6Ao Twv 6opuf6pwv oTo nAa ( o 1 o Tnt µdAovT a Knt 
avanTu£nt TqAEWlKOIVWVIWV OTnv Ko1v6TnTa, 16(wt 6oov a,opa Tit 
navEupwnalKtt unnpEolet, Ka8wt Kai Tnv avanTu~n twv OAoKAnpwµtvwv 
EWlKOlVWVIWV Eupe(at Zwvnt (IBC). 
2. 0 l 6opu4f()p l Ktt SW l KO l v•v I St OTO wAa ( 0 l 0 T'lt woA l Tl Kiat OWT l KOCJKOUOT l K6v 
µta..v T'lt Koav6t'ltat 
01 6opuf6po1 61a6paµat(~ouv onµavt1K6 p6Ao oto nAa(o10 tnt noA1t1Knt 
OWT I KOQKOUOT I KWV µtowv tnt Ko I v6tntat' I 6 (Wt 6oov a,opa TI t navEupwwa·idt 
UW'lPEOlEt. Kata TO TEAOt TOU 1989, WQVW an6 60 TOAEOWTIKO( 6(auAOl 
µEta6(6ovtav OE 6An tnv Eupwnn µtow 6opuf6pou. 
( 38 > Advanced Re I ay and TEchno I ogy MI Ss I on: WE 1paµat1 K6t 6opuf6pot nou txe 1 
avantUX9El an6 tnv EYA. O 6opu,6pot aut6t ,tpE1 nE(paµa ont1Kou avaµEta66tn 
6E6oµtvwv µtow At1~ep, µEta,tpe1 w,tA1µ0 'optlo avaµEta66tn otn ~wvn s Kai 
cpopT(o Enlye1wv Kavntwv nponvµtvwv unnpea1wv otn ~wvn L, Ka8wt Kai op1oµtva 
WElpaµata OTOV Toµta Tnt TEXVOAoylat TWV 61aotnµ1KWV OKa,wv. 
-63 -
2.1. ruvoAlKD noAltlKD IOU OUTlKOQKOUQTlKOU tou£g 
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ruµBoUllO Kat TO Eupwna1K6 KotvoPoUllO y1a tnv nollTIKI) IOU 
OUT l KOQKOUOT I KOU toµ ta< 39). 0 l Bao I de; eta£ I c;: OTOV toµ ta TWV pu8µ ( 0£WV 
Ka8oplotnKav otnv o6nvla 89/552/EOK oxe:t1Ka µe: tnv tnAe:6paon xwp(c; 
oUvopaC40). 
rtnv avaKolvwon tnc; COM(90) 78, n Enatponn npote:(ve:1 µ1a npootvv1on 
avantu~nc; tnc; £Upwna1Knc; Paoµnxav(ac; OUTlKOaKOUOTlKWV µtoe.av nou 
U£Pl0tp£,etal yUpw an6 TPElC: a~ovec;: 
6nµ1oupy(a nep1f3aAAovtoc; nou euvoe:I tnv avtaywv1ot1K6tnta tnc;: 
P1oµnxavlac;: ont1KoaKouoT1Kwv µtoe.av µe Paon tnv o6nvla 89/552/EOK. 
H evapµ6v1on twv e:8v1Kwv voµo8e:o1wv oxe:ttKa µe: tnv npootaola tnc;: 
UVEUµOTIKOC: t6lOKTno(ac; (tva onµavttK6 8£µa yta TlC: 6opu,optKEC: 
pa61otnAeont1Ktc; µe:ta66oe:1c; nou e:~eta~e:Taa napaKatw), n e:v9appuvon tou 
nAoupaAaoµou Kat tnc;: no1K1Aoµop,lac; otov toµta tnc;: 6nµ1oupy(ac; 
npoypaµµatwv Ka' n npow9non ouµ,wva µe tnv noA 't 1 Kn avtaywv t oµou tnc; 
Ko1v6tntac; anoteAouv onµavt1Ktc; npoUnoetoe:•c;: v•a tn 6nµ•oupy(a Ttto1ou 
ne:p1PaHovtoc;. 
npowenon Twv P1oµnxav1wv napaywvnc; onTlKoaKouoTlKwv µta<a>v. 
r•a to oKon6 aut6, n En1tponn np6Te1ve to np6ypaµµa MEDIA(41), y1a va 
ouµf3aA£t oTnv ava61ap8pwon tnc; f31oµnxavlac; onT1KoaKouot1Kwv µtoe.av e:vw 
ea £~ao,aA(~£l tnv anapa(TnTn ouvtpye:aa µ£ TO EUREKA-0UTlKOQKOUOTlK6c; 
Toµ tac;. To np6ypaµµa MED I A, nou PP i OK ET a I t6oo np l v 600 Ka I µe:Ta TO 
ota61 o tnc; napavwvnc; autnc;, oKon6 txe:' va avantu~e:' ol6Klnpn oe:' pa 
ouµnAnpwµattKwv 6paoe:wv, Twv ono(wv n a~la ouv6te:ta1 µe: Tnv Ko1vot1Kn 
61aotaon, nou Paol~ovTal oe: ttooe:pa oTo•xe:la: 6•avoµn, napavwvn, 
Katapt•on Kat xpnµaTo66tnon. H np6Taon anoPAtne:a, µe:ta~u aAAwv, oTo va 
e:v9appUvel Tnv e:µ,avaon, otnv e:upwnalKn KAlµaKa, vtwv unnpe:o1wv 
ont 1KoaKouot1 Kwv npoypaµµatwv nou xpno 1µono1 ouv t' c;: vte:c; te:xvoAoy I e:c;: 
pa61otnAe:ont1Kwv µe:ta66oe:wv, ouµne:p1Aaµf3avoµtvwv twv 6opu,op1Kwv 
6taAoytKWV £1flKOlVWVlWV. 
np6w9non TWV vtwv TEXYOlOYlWV. 
(39) AvaKoavwoe:•c; tnc; Enatponnc;: npoc;: to Iuµf30UA10 Kat to Eupwna·iK6 Ko1vof3ouA10 
yaa tnv noAttlKO IOU OUTlKOaKOUOTIKOU Toµta, COM(90) 78, tnc;: 21.02.1990. 
(40) 06ny(a IOU IuµPouA(ou yaa TO OUVTOYI0µ6 opaoµtvwv voµo9£TlKWV, KOVOVlOTlKWV 
KOi 6101KnTtKWV 6tata~£WV TWV KpaTWV µeAWV OXETlKa µe: tnv aOKnon 
tnhont l KWV 6paotnp l OTOTWV, 89/552/EOK t 03. 10. 1989· EE ap le. L 298 Tl'lC: 
17.10.1989, o.23. 
(41) "MED I A" -11np6ypaµµa 6paonc; y la ev9appuvon tnc;: avantu~nc;: tnc; e:upwna·iKnC: 
onttKoaKouotaKnc Baoµnxavlac". 1991-1995. COMC90l 132. 
-64 -
Ot OUV£X£1c; Katvotoµ(£c; OTOV Toµta TWV vtwv TEXVOAoytwv, t61wc; 
tn vta Y£V£a 6opucp6pwv Kat Tnv avanTu~n Tnc; TnAe6paonc; Y~nAric; 
(HDTV), evtxouv onµavTtKtc; ouvtnetec; yta Tov 
Ont t KOaKOUOT t KWV µtowv. Ottwc; noUo ( 611µ6o t 0 t Kat t 6 t WT t KO ( 
EntTponri ouµµ£TEX£t OTl'l 6ta6tKao(a autri: 6oov acpopa 
EuKp(vetac; 
Toµta TWV 
cpope I c;, n 
µtow Twv 6paoTnP t oTriTwv Tunono I none; nou avanTuooe 1 . H o6nv I a Tou 
IuµPouA I ou 86/529/EOK Tnc; 3nc; Noeµpp ( ou 1989 anodboe tva npwTo 
OTa6tO yta Tn 8tonton KOtVOU llPOTUllOU yta Ttc; an'eu8£(ac; 6opucpoptKEc; 
pa6totnA£0llTtKEc; IJ£Ta66o£tc;C42), 
µe To ouvtovtottK6 tnc; p6Ao, nou efvat 8eµeAtw6nc; vta Tnv avantu~n 
Kat Tnv npoW8non Tnc; eupwna·cKric; HDTV, 
µtow Twv npoypaµµaTwv tpeuvac; nou KaTapT(~£t (Kup(wc; ESPRIT, RACE Kat 
AIM). 
o t pa6 t otnAeonT t de; 6opucpop t Ktc; µeTa66o£ t c; nou npoop I ~ovta t y ta TO eupu 
Kot v6, ouµnep t Aaµpavoµtvwv twv 6uo ecpapµoywv ouµcpwva µ£ Tov opt oµ6 nou 
xpnoaµonot£(Tat OTOV Kavov10µ6 Pa6tO£lllKOlVWVtWV yaa Ttc; 6opucpoptKEc; 
pa6 t ot11Aeont t Ktc; unnpeo ( ec;, Ka8wc; Kat Twv pa6 t otnhonT t Kwv ecpapµoywv nou 
Aettoupyouv OTO nAafoto twv otaeepwv 6opucpop1Kwv unnpeoawv -ea avantuxeouv 
WOT£ va anoTeAtoouv Tnv Kupta ouvtotwoa twv 6taKpattKwv unnpeotwv 
onTtKoaKouoTtKwv µtowv oTnv Eupwnn. 01 unnpeolec; auttc; nptnet, enoµtvwc;, va 
£~£Ta~OVTa l µ£ Poon Tfl ouvoA t Kri noA l Tl Kri Tflc; Kot v6TflTac; OTOV Toµ ta TWV 
OllTtKOaKOUOTtKWV µtowv. 
2.2. H gygnTuEn TDC TnAe6pgonc YwnADc EuKp(yetgc CHPTVl OTDY Eupwnn 
ITtc; 27 Anp1A(ou 1989, To IuµpouAto e~t6woe an6cpaon OX£TtKa µe tva 
np6ypaµµa 6paonc;C43) yta TflV e1oavwvri tnc; HDTV oTnv Eupwnn. npo(lAtneTat 
6T l µeta TflV Ell t tuxri oAoKAripwon TWV epyao t WV E&A, 0 t UllflP£0 i ec; HDTV ea 
etoaxeouv oe 6uo 0Ta61a. Optoµtvec; netpaµaTtKtc; Kat 60KtµaoT1Ktc; µeta66oetc; 
ea npayµatonotneouv oto nAa(oto npoentxetpnotaKric; cpaonc; nou ea apxfoet To 
1990. npopAtnetat 6tt an6 To 1992 twc; to 1995 nep(nou, op10µ£vot cpope(c; 
eKµetaUeuonc; ea apx i oouv va npoocptpouv TaKt t Ka unnpeo i ec; HDTV µe eupe i a 
oetpa npoypaµµatwv Kaewc; Kat KtvnµatoypacptKwv tatvtwv. 
Eivat yevtKa ano6eKt6 6tt ot unnpeoiec; HDTV ea e(va1 euptwc; 6taeto1µec; oe 
6An tnv Eupwnn ri6n an6 to 1995. 
(42) 06ny(a TOU IuµrJouA(ou OXETlKO µ£ Tfl 9tontOfl KOIVWV TEXVtKWV npo61aypacpwv 
6oov acpopa TflV OtKoytveta TWV llPOTUllWV naKtta/MAC yta Tlc; an'eueeiac; 
tnAeont t Kee; µeta66ae t c; µtow 6opucp6pou, 86/529/EOK, EE ap l 8. L 311 Tflc; 
03.11.1988, o.28. 
(43) EE apt&. L 142 tnc; 25.05.1989, 0.1. 
-65 -
'Evac; arc6 Touc; KUpl6T£pouc; oT6xouc; Tnc; arc6,aonc; Tou ruµPouXlou rcou 
ava,tpna l rcaparcavw £ [val va eeorc l oee [ we; 6 l eevtc; rcp6TUrco TO eupwrca·iK6 
rcp6Turco rcapaywvnc; Kal avTaXXavnc; rcpoypaµµaTwv HDTV. rnµavTlKn rcp6o6oc; txel 
rcpayµaTorcolneel oTov Toµta Tn~ Turcorcolnonc;. Kata tn ouve6plaon oXoµtXelac; 
tnc; CCIR OTO NtuoeXvTop11 To Malo 1990, £YKPlenKav 23 arc6 Tlc; 34 Paoldc; 
rcapaµttpouc; Tou rcpoTurcou rcapaywync;. To eupwrcalK6 rcp6turco HDTV 1250/50, rcou 
KaA£lTal µe TO 6voµa auT6 ETC£l6n µeta6(6£l 1250 ypaµµtc; TCAf'lPO,OPlWV ElK6vac; 
Kal AElTOUpye[ Ota 50 Hz, avarcTU00£Tal TWpa arc6 KOlVOrcpa£[a TCOU arcOTEAE[tal 
arc6 tplaVta rcep[rcou eupwrca[ouc; KaTaOK£Uaottc; Kal pa6tOTl')AEOTCTlKOUc; 'opelc; 
(EK twv orco[wv oploµtvol rcpotpxovTal arc6 TPITec; xwpec;) oto rcXalolo tou 
tpyou Eureka aple. 95. H ev X6yw oµa6a Eureka 95 avarctuooel erc[onc; TO uXlK6 
rcou ea xpnolµorcoln9£l yla tnv £nl6el£n Tou ouoTnµaToc;. H ErclTporcn 
epya~etal yla va e~ao,aXloel otevn ouvepyaola µeta£u Tou rcpoypaµµatoc; MEDIA 
Ka l TOU Eureka 95. ETCl rcXtov, tx£ l EYKa l v l ao£ l 0£ l pa forum OTOV 
OTCTlKOaKOUOTlK6 toµta, Ota orco(a ouµµ&TEXOUV 6AOl 6ool £V6la,tpovtal yla 
Tl')V HDTV, Kal 6rcou £££Ta~OVTal Ol epyaolec; Eureka 95. 
Tov I ouX lo 1990, µe rcap6Tpuvon Tnc; En l tporcnc; Ka l rnc; Eupwna·iKnc; 'Evwonc; 
Pa6 l o,wv I ac;, eeorc l o8nKe Eoor ( Eupwrca·iK6c; 'Oµ l Xoc; o l Kovoµ l Kou rKorcou). o 
6µ1Xoc; auT6c; arcoteXeiTal an6 Ploµnxavouc;, pa61ornXeorctlKouc; 'ope(c;, 
ave~aptntouc; rcapaywyou~ rnXe6paonc; Kat Klvnµaroypaq»ou Kat 6laq»opouc; aXXouc; 
ev6laq»ep6µevouc; q»op£lc;. o or6xoc; tou oµ(Aou avrou, nou e{val yvwot6c; µ£ To 
6voµa v Is I on 1250, £ (vat va ouµrcXnpwoe l otov toµta tou µapKet l vyK T 1 c; 
£pyao(£c; T£XVlKnc; avarcTu~nc; TCOU npayµaTOTCOlOUVTat arc6 TO Eureka 95. 
El6lK6T£pa, µ£ Tl') xpnµaTtKn ev(oxuon TWV KpaTWV µ£AWV Kal tnc; Ko1v6TnTac;, 
ea CIPOVT(OEl WOT£ TO UAIK6 TCOU avarcTUOO£tal an6 TO Eureka 95 va 61aT£8£l 
oTouc; rcapaywyouc; rcpoypaµµatwv, ea 61opyavwoe1 ere l 6e I h l c; HDTV KaTa Tl c; 
eµnoponavnvupelc; Kat ea e~ao,aXioel Tnv napaywvn Kal µeT66oon npoypaµµatwv 
HDTV, TCOU Sa KaAUTCTOUV KUp(wc; Ta onµaVTlK6TEPa aeAl')TlKO yeyov6ta. Ol 
6paoTnpl6tntec; tou oµ[Xou ea 61e£axeouv an6 to 1990 £we; To 1994. H 
rcpwToPouXia auTn ea KaTaXn£e1 oe noXXtc; rcapaywytc; u~nAnc; nol6tnTac; nou ea 
XPf'lOlµOTCOlOUV TO OUOTl')µa 1250 Kat 8a rcapoUOlaoeouv 0£ OA6KXnpo TOY K6oµo 
KaTa Tnv t&Tpaetn auTn rceplo6o. 
2.3. o o6Xoc TWY 6opuw6owv oToy touta Tnc HDTV 
'Otrwc; txe l Mn avaq»epee [ OTO K&q»aAa lo I I I , £ [ va 1 yev l Ka ano6£KT6 6T l o l 
6opu,6pol ea anOTEAEOOUV TO onµaVTIK6TEPO apXlK6 µ£00 µet66oonc; Tl')<; HDTV. 
npayµatl, n eµnop1Kn enlTuxla Tou npoypaµµaToc; Eureka 95 e£aptatal arc6 tn 
ouvexn avantu~n TOU 6uvaµtKOU DBS, rcpayµa TCOU ea e£ao,aX[O£l Kal TO 
rcpopa6loµa Tl')<; Eupwrcnc; OTflV avantu£n Tl')<; Tf'lA£6paonc;, rcapa Tl') OUV£Xn 
ouµµetoxn TWV HnA Kal Tnc; larcwviac; OTOV toµta HDTV. 
-66 -
Ol 6opucp6pol att'e:uee:lac; pa6lotnAe:otttlKWV µe:ta66oewv ttou KaAutttouv µ6vo tnv 
Eupwttn Kal tnv A<pplKn 6lEttOVtal att6 ouµcpwv(a ttOU ouvncpen Kata tnv nayK60µla 
ruv6lOOK£'1Jn TWV ~lOlKnoe:wv Pa6lOE:ttlKOlVWVlWV TOU 1977 <13AEtte: KE<paXata 11 
Kal I I I.). H ouµcpwvla autn, ttou e:lval yvwotn µe to 6voµa ttp6ypaµµa WARC 77, 
txe:l 6laetoe:t tlc; ~wvec; ouxvotntwv twv uttnpe:otwv BSS Otte; e:evtKtc; uttnpe:ale:c; 
DBS. Opt oµtve:c; tpox l adc; &toe t c; txouv 6 t at£9£ I y la tnv Eupwttn. re: Kaee: 
eupwtta.iKn xwpa ava~oyouv tttvte 6lauAot oe µ(a att6 audc; ttc; tpoxtaKtc; 
etoe:tc;. To attotuttwµa tnc; 6toµnc; tou 6opucp6pou ea tttpe:tte: va e:~aocpaXl~e:t µ6vo 
e:ev 1 Kn KaXu'Pn, aK6µn Ka 1 av op 1 oµtve:c; at<t' voPoX I e:c; e:Kt6c; ~wvnc; ttpoc; t t c; 
YE l TOV l KE«; XWPE«; £ (Val avatt6<p£UKT£c;. H atoµ l Kn An'Pn OTO Ott (Tl ea £ (val 
£ttlonc; 6uvatn 0£ 6Ae:c; Tl<; XWPE<; µe: tn l3onee:1a Ke:patwv µe: 6taµe:tpo µlKp6te:pn 
att6 90 e:Katoota. Ettoµtvwc;, atta1touvta1 6opucp6po1 µe:yaXnc; 1oxuoc;. 
'Onwc; Ex£ l E:Kte:ee: ( OTO KE:<paXa l O I I I , att6 6 t acpope:c; onµavt l de; tthuptc;, O l 
6opucpop1Ktc; e:tt1Ko1vwv(e:c; e:~e:AlxenKav Kata tp6tto ttou 6e:v ttpo(3Ae:tt6tav to 
1977. El6lK6te:pa, n 13e:Atlwon tnc; te:xvoAoy(ac; An'Pnc; ntav TETOla WoH: 6e:v 
e:lva1 ttAtov attapaltnto va xpnolµottolouvtal 6opucp6pol µe:yaXnc; toxuoc; yla tn 
Xn'Pn att6 µlKPE<; Ke:pa(e:c;: ta tnXe:ottTlKO onµata ttou µe:ta6(6ovtal att6 
6opucp6pouc; µtone; loxuoc; ttou xpnolµottolouv tlc; ~wve:c; ouxvotntwv tnc; otaee:pnc; 
6opucpop l Knc; uttnpe:O ( ac;, OT l c; Otto ( £<; µe:ta6 ( 6ovta l onµe:pa 0 l ttE:p l 006te:po l 
6lauXol -El6lK6te:pa ta ttpoypaµµata ttou µe:ta6(6ovtat µtow twv 6opucp6pwv 
EUTELSAT-I, Telecom-1, DFS-Kopernlkus Kat ASTRA -µttopouv va Xaµl3avovtal 
att6 Tl<; tt£Pl006te:pe:c; e:upwttatKE<; XWPE<; µe: KE:pa(a 90 tte:p(ttOU E:KaTOOTWV. 
Aut6 onµa(ve:t 6tt ot tte:ptoo6te:pot tnAe:otttlKo( 6(auAol µeta6(6ovtat µtow 
6opucp6pwv µtone; loxuoc;. nap'6tl txouv e:Kto~e:u9e:l otnv Eupwttn ttoXAol 
6opucp6pot DBS ttou ouµcpwvouv ttpoc; to ttp6ypaµµa WARC 77 Kat e:(val 
e:tt l xe: l pno' aKo ( Kata to µe:yaAute:po µtpoc; touc; ott yµn autn, o' 6opucp6po' 
auto( ea tta'Pouv va Xe:ttoupyouv Kata to 1995-1997, 6tav aKpl(lwc; n HDTV ea 
e(val euptwc; 6laeto1µn . 
Itnv ttpayµattK6tnta, uttapxouv tp(a ouotnµata DBS 6e:ute:pnc; ve:ve:ac; ttou 
e:~e:ta~ovta 1 tn OTl yµn auni otnv Eupwttn: 6Aa ttpote: l vouv utto-tte:p 1 cpe:pe: t aKti 
KOAU'IJfl (Kup(wc; 0£ YAWOOlKti Poon), ttE:ptoo6te:pouc; 6lauXouc; ava 6taotnµtK6 
oKacpoc; Kat lOXU µl1<p6te:pn ava 6(auAo. Av Kat, e:K twv ttpottpwv, ta ouotnµata 
auto ea ttpoocptpouv ouotaottKa ttAe:ove:Ktnµata oe: oxton µe ta onµe:plva 
ouotnµata DBS, ttpttte:t va avttµnwttloouv tva ool3ap6 ttp6f3Xnµa: 6e:v e:(vat 
ouµcpwva ttpoc; TO ttp6ypaµµa WARC 77. Ettoµtvwc;, Ka9e: 6opucp6poc; ea ttPEttEl va 
ouvtov(~e:tal µe:µovwµtva µe: 6Xouc; touc; 6opucp6pouc; Kal ta ouotnµata e:tt(ye:tac; 
µe:ta6oonc; ota ottola ea µttopouoe: va 6nµ1oupye:l ttape:µl3oX£c; -6ta611<ao(a ttou 
ea titav 6attavnpn, XPOVOl36pa Kal ea EtXE e:AOXlOTE<; ttleav6tnte:c; £ttltux(ac;. 
Ettoµ£vwc;, cpa(ve:tat 6tl n 6tE:~06lKti Ettave:~ttaon TWV KPlTflPlWV TOU 
ttpoypaµµatoc; WARC 77 e:(vat attapaln1tn yla tnv uAottolnon tnc; µe:HovttKnc; 
ye:ve:ac; 6opucp6pwv DBS otnv Eupwttn, Kat, e:ttoµtvwc;, yaa tnv e:ttttuxla tnc;: 
e:upwtta.iKnc; HDTV. 
-67 -
2.4. ruoxDugxg n06oBggnc un6 60ouc 
A6yw tnc; µ£AAovx1Knc; £~tA1~nc; tn<: 6opufop1Knc; tnA£6paonc; Ka1 twv 61af6pwv 
aAAwv ouoTnµaxwv an6 011µ£(0 0£ noAAanAa onµ£(a, ea nptn£1 va £n£Kta9ouv 01 
ouµcpca>v ( £c; Ka 1 n xunono (non otov toµta xou EAtyxou tnc; npoof)aonc; Twv 
61 auACA>V. Ynapxouv TPE l c; KUP l £«; oµa6£c; nou txouv 61 Ka ( CA>µa n ouµfEPOV va 
REP lop ( OOUV n Va £Uy~OUV tnv np6o(3aon IOU KO l VOU OTO onµa 6opUfOP l Knc; 
µ£Ta6oonc;: 
-ot 'ope(c; £Kµ£TalAeuonc; Kat 01 xpnoxe<; Tnc; xnA£6paonc; nou npoop(~£ta1 yaa 
Ile; £lllKOlVWVi£c; TWV £lllX£lPnO£WV Ka1/n Tic; TnAEOllTIKEc; OUV£6p1ao£1c;. ME 
tn XPnon tnc; tnA£6paonc; yaa KAElOttc; oµa6£c; XPl'lOTWV Kai TWV TnAEOllTlKWV 
OUV£6p1aO£WV we; £pyaA£tWV TWV £lllX£lpftOEWV yaa Tl'lV au£non tnc; 
avxaywv 1OT1 K6Tnx6<; xou<;, To np6(3Anµa Tnc; eµn 1OTEUT1 K6xntac; Tl 9£Ta 1 µ£ 
61apKwc; µ£yaAut£Pn o£uTnta. T6oo 01 'ope:(<; e:Kµe:T6H£uon<; 600 Kai 01 
XPnOTE«; EXOUV nlftpn £n(yVCA>On Tt'l<; onµao[ac; Tn<; "ElOaywyft<; nap£µ(3olwv" n 
µ£taTponnc; IOU onµaTO<; KaTa tp6no WOT£ va µnope:( va laµf)aV£Tal un6 Tl'lV 
apx1Kn Tou µop'n µ6vo an6 xouc; e~ouo1060Tnµtvouc; 'op£(<;. To etµa auT6 xnc; 
aofah 1 ac; e£wp£ [ta 1 t 61 a i T£pa orwavx 1 K6 otnv n£p ( ntwon twv 6opufop 1 Kwv 
µ£xa66o£wv, av Kai, £~6lAou, Ta ouotnµaxa £n(ye:1a<; µ£xa6oonc; 6e:v e:iva1 
Kat'avayKn aOfOAO. 
-Ot 'opE(c; £Kµ£TQAA£UOnc; Kai Ol napaywyo( Tl'lAEOllTlKWV npoypaµµ6twv. Onwc; 
£X£l n6n avaf£p9e:[ £(Val ~WTlKn<; onµao(ac; yaa TnV avanTu£n Tnc; EUPWllatKft<; 
tnle6paonc; va pu8µ1ote:l TO np6(3lnµa tn<; nve:uµattKn<; 1610Ktnola<;. 
ME µta 6opUfOPlKO 6£oµn nou KOAUUT£l 6An tn ~UTtKn Eupwnn, 0 ap18µ6c; TWV 
£v6ex6µ£vwv xnAe:9£axwv ea µnopouoe: va av£l8e1 oe nolltc; £Katovta6ec; 
EKOTOµµupta. E[vat npofav£c; 6tl n 61aoa,nv1on Tt'l<; KOlVOTlKO«; 8£onc; 6oov 
OfQpa TO Ka8£0TW<; TWV 61KalCdµOTCdV nveuµattKtic; 1610Ktno(ac; £(Vat npo<; TO 
ouµ,tpov TCdV pa6tOTl1AEOllTlKWV 'optCA>v KOi TWV 611µ1oupywv. 
-01 pa61otnl£onx1Koi ,op£(<; nou npoo,tpouv Kax'e:n1Aovn Tt1A£ont1Kn ouv6£011 
(pay-per-view). np6Ke1ta1 via tva ~•hnµa µe: £µnop1Kn onµao(a via xouc; 
pa6tOTt1AEOllTlKOU<; 'ope(c; 6opu,optKWV n £n(ye1wv OUOTl'lµOTWV, nou ea 
µnopouoav va en1l££ouv tva ouoTnµa µtow tou ono(ou 01 tnl£8e:attc;, avT( va 
llAl'lPWYOUY £ya TEAO<; £fana£ n £Tt10 (we; YI a Tt'l lncpn TWV npoypaµµOTWV, ea 
XPEWVOVTat "ava np6ypaµµa" .; ava wpa napaKoAouenonc;. t>oov afopa Ta 
ouotnµata np60Pao11c; un6 6pouc; y1a tnv t11Ae:6pao11 En( nlnpwµn, nptne:1 va 
e:£e:upe:8e:l Kano1a 1oopponla µ£ta£u tn<: 61atnpnon<: tou K6otou<; oe: xaµnl6 
£n(ne:6o Kat Tll<; EUKOA(a<; µe IllV ono(a £va OUOTnµa KPUllTOYPOtll0'1«; µnop£( 
va an0Kw61Kono1n8e( en1rp£novta<; rnv ave:u a6e(ac; napaKoAouenon rwv 
npoypaµµaxwv. 
'Ooov atopa tnv efapµoyn xwv 61Ka1wµatwv nve:uµax1Knc; 1610Ktnola<; ox1c; 
tnAe:onTtK£c; µe:ta66oe1c; OTllV Ko1v6t11Ta, 11 Enttponn 8a unof)ale:t ouvtoµa Tl<; 
npOTOOE I c; Tnc; OTO nla ( 0 l 0 tnc; nol l Tl Kile; OUT l KOaKOUOT l KWV µtowv Ka' Tnc; 
YEVtKtic; tnc; llOAlTtKnc; OTOV Toµta TWV 6tKatwµaTWV llVEUµattKtic; t6tOKTf10(ac;. 
-68 -
H tH£ l Cl''l KO l VOU £UPC01ta"lKOU ("' 6 l £8vouc;) 1tPOTU1tOU y la T'lV KPU1tTOYPclCl»'l0'l 
anoT£A£( tva a1t6 Ta oopap6T£pa £µ1t66la y&a T'lV £1t(AuO'l TOU 1tPOPAnµaToc; 1tOU 
0ET£l 'l £q»apµoyn TCOV OUOT'lµclTCOV 1tp6oPao'lc; U1t6 6pouc;. 
ITO cpn,•oµa TOU 86/C 160/01 T'lc; 9'lt; louv(ou 1986 OX£TlKQ µ£ T'l 
XP'lOlµ01tOi'lO'l TEXVlKWV T'lA£01tTlKWV OUV£6Pl00£COV Kal T'lA£01tTlKnc; T'lAEq»cov(ac; 
Yla 6laKUP£PV'lTlKOUc; OK01tOUc;, TO IuµpouA10 KOA£0£ T'lV E1tlTP01tn va £1tlAU0£l 
Ta OUYK£KP I µtva 1tPOPAnµaTa 1tOU ouv6tovTa I µ£ T'l XPnO'l TCOV Tflh01tT I KWV 
OUV£6Pl00£COV KQl Tnc; TnA£01tTIKnc; T'lA£q»cov(ac; a1t6 Tlc; KUPepvnoetc; TCOV KPOTWV 
µ£Awv Kat Ta 6pyava Tnc; Ko1v6TnTac;, ouµ1t£p1Aaµpavoµtvnc; T'lt 61aoq»aA1o'lc; Tou 
01tOPPitTOU. ITO da ( 0 I 0 TOU KO I VOT I KOU 1tpoypaµµaToc; RACE' 1tOU µdua TO 
~nT'lµa T'lt; aK£pa16T'lTOt; TCOV £1tlKOIVCOVIWV y1a 6hc; Tic; T'lA£1tlKOIVCOVlaKtc; 
u1tnpeolec; 1tapaTl8evTa1 01 Pao&Ktc; ana•Tnoe1c; v•a Ta ouoTnµaTa 
KPU1tTOYPO,'l0'l<;. l61a(T£P'l onµao(a a1to6(6£Tal OT'lV ava1tTU~'l KaTaAA'lACOV 
£UPC01ta"CKWV 1tPOTU1tCOV OTOV Toµta auT6. 
Me Tl<; 1tPOT00£1c; T'l<; TOU louA(ou 1990 OX£TlKQ µe T'lV 1tPOOTao(a TCOV 
6£6oµtvcov Kai T'lV aoq»aAe1a TCOV OUOT'lµOTCOV 1tAnpoq»op1wvC44), n E1tlTP01tt'I 
U1tEPaA£ OUV£KT I Kn 1tpootyy I O'l OTOV Toµta auT6 -ouµ1t£P l AaµPavoµE:vnc; Tflc; 
1tPOOTao(ac; TCOV 6e6oµE:vcov Kai T'lc; 16tCOTlKnt; ~cont; OTOV Toµta TCOV 6riµ60lCOV 
Cl''l«i»IOKWV 6lKTUCOV T'lA£1tlKOIVCOVlWV -KOi 1tP6T£1V£ 1tp6ypaµµa 6pOO'lt; µ£ OK01t6 
TflV £1t£~£pyao(a µtTpcov via T'lV aoq»aAe1a Tcov 1tAnpoq»op1wv oTov Toµta aut6. 
A6yco Tnc; 61apKwc; au~av6µ£v'lc; ouoq»•Y~'l'i: Tcov oxtoecov µeTa~u T'lt; Ko1v6T'lTat; 
KOi TCOV YEITOVIKWV xcopwv, TCOV eeaµaTIKWV aAAaywv OT'lV EupW1t'l Kai T'lt; 
eµq»av1onc; euputepnc; eupco1taTKnc; 61a0Taonc; 1tou a1toTeAel Ka8op10T1K6 napayovTa 
tnc; KOIVOTIKnt; 1tOAITlKnc;, µ1a KOlVOTlKn 1tPOOEVY10'l TCOV 6opuq»oplKWV 
£1t l KO l vcov I WV 01tOKTO O'lµao i a µ6vo av £VTOOO£Ta I OTO 1tAa ( 0 l 0 T'lc; £UPUT£P'l'i: 
eupco1ta·iKnc; 6 • aoTao'lc;. 
rToV Toµta TCOV 6opu,oplKWV £1tlKOlVCOVlWV, n Ko1v6TnTa EX£l O'lµavTlKO KOlVQ 
ouµq»tpovTa µe Tic; ve1Tov&Ktc; tnc; xwpec;, µtow T'lc; ouµµ£Toxnc; Tnc; -oe 1toAAtc; 
1t£Pl1tTwoe1c; -coc; µtAouc; oTouc; µeyaAouc; opyav1oµouc; 1tOU txouv Ka8op10T1Kn 
O'lµao(a y1a Tic; 6opuq»op1Ktc; £1tlK01vcoviec; OT'lV EupW1t'l. O nlyqKqc 6 
a1t£1Kov(~e1 T'l ouµµeToxn auTn Tcov xcopwv T'lc; Ko1v6T'lTac;, Tcov xcopwv EZEr Ka1 
tcov xcopwv Tnc; KevTp' Knc; Ka 1 AvaToA 1 Kite; Eupw1mc;, Ka9wc; Ka' Tcov 61 aq»6pcov 
aAAcov YEITOVIKWV XCOPWV, OTOV EUTELSAT, OT'lV EYA, OTO ETSI, OT'l CEPT Ka0wc; 
Kai OTOUc; INTELSAT, INMARSAT Kal lntersputnlk. 
(44) BAt1t£ COMC90) 314 T'lc; 24'lc; I£1tTeµJ3p(ou 1990, Kat ea6tK6tepa T'lV 1tp6TaO'l 
o6ny(ac; TOU IuµJ3ouA(ou OXETIKQ µe T'lV 1tPOOTao(a TCOV 6e6oµtvcov 1tPOOC01tlKOU 
xapaKTnpa KQl T'lt; l61COTlKt'tc; ~cont; OTO 1tAa(oto TCOV 6'lµ601cov Cl''lCl»lOKWV 6lKTUCOY 
T'lA£1tlKOIVCOVlWV, Kai &6(coc; TOU •'lCl»laKOU dlKTUOU EV01t0l'lµtvcov Y1t'lP£01WY 
(ISDN) KOi TCOV 6'lµ6o1cov 6tKTUCOV cpflq»lOKWV KlVflTWV £1tlKOlVCOVlWV, Ka9wc; Kai 
T'lV 1tP6Taon a1t6q»aonc; TOU IuµJ3ouA(ou OTOV Toµta T'lt; aoq»aAe1ac; TCOV OUOT'lµOTCOV 
1tA'lPOq»oplWV. 
-69 -
3.1 H guvEoYaola uE Ilc xwoEc xnc EZEt Kai x1c 6lgcpogEc gAAEc YElTOVlKic xwgEc. 
Kal xnv EupwllalK6 ruy6l6QKEwn xwv A101K6QEWV Iaxu6gou1lwv Kai 
InAElllKOlVWVlWV CCEPTl 
H Ko I v6TnTa Ex£ I avallTU~E l llPO llOHou OTEVOUc;; 6Eoµouc; OTO Ell ( llE60 TWV 
6opucpop 1 Kwv Ell 1Ko1vwv1 wv µ1 ta Kp6Tn µtAn tnc;; Eupwlla·iKnc;; zwvnc;; EAEu8epwv 
IuvaHaywv, 16 (we; µsow Tfl<; KO I vnc;; ouµµETOXO<; OT I c;; llEP I 006TEpEc;; 
llEPlllTWOEI<; -Tfl<; Kotv6xnTac;; Kat TWV xwpwv Tnc;; EZEt OTOU<; OXETlKOU<; 
opyavaoµouc;; (ouyKp. 1(yaKq 6). 
ME Tnv av6llTu~n Twv oxtoEwv Tnc;; Ko1v6TnTac;; Kat Tnc; EupwllalKnc; zwvnc;; 
EAEu9tpwv ruvaAAaywv 01 o'a1p1K6 llAaioao Kat Tov llpooavaToA10µ6 Tove; llpoc; 
£vav KOIY6 EUPWllalK6 OlKOYOµtK6 XWPO, Ta KOIVO OUµ,tpovTa OTOV TOµEa auT6 
ea lloAAallAao 1 aoeouv. H KaT6oTaon auTn ea llPEllE 1 va PeA Tl w9E ( , 161 a ( TEpa 
EllEt6n OE opaoµtva KpaTn µ€An Tnc; EZEr 61all10TwvovTa1 oa,Elc; T60£1c; llpoc; 
TflV EllaVE~ttaon TOU KaYOYlOTlKOU llAaao(ou OTOV Toµta auT6 Ka9wc;; Kai llpoc;; 
TflV EAEU9tpwon TWV µov66poµwv Kat -OE opaoµtvEc;; llEPlllTWOEl<; -TWV 
aµ,i6poµwv 6opu,optKWV ElllKOlVWVlWV. 
H Eupwlla0iK"1 ruv6160KE'1'n TWV t.101KfJOEWV Taxu6poµe(wv Kai TnAElllKOlVWVlWV, 
llOU OUYKEVTPWYE l 6AEc; Tl c; xci>pec; Tnc;; Kol v6TnTac;; Ka l Tnc;; EZH t Ka9wc;; Ka l 
opaoµtvec;; 6AAE<; XWPE<;, 6llw<; Tnv ToupK(a Kat Tfl rlOUYKOOAaf3(a (f3AEllE 
w(vaKa 6) alloTeAE( llPO lloAAou onµavTlK6 llAa(olo 61a(3ouAeuoewv yaa Ttc;; 
6opucpoplKE<; ElllKOlVWVlEc; OTnv Eupwlln. 
H CEPT ap I 9µE ( llOHtc;; EI 61 de; Ell l TPOllEc;; 11'0U aOKOUV 6paoTnP 16TflTE<; OTOV 
Toµta Twv 6opu,op 1 Kci>v Ell 1 KO' vwv 1 wv oTnv Eupwlln. o' KVP l 6TEPE<; all6 auttc;; 
1(va1 n CCTS (ElllTPOllO tUVTOVlOµou yaa Tic; t.opu,oplKE<; EnlKOlVWV(Ec;;) Kai Ta 
6£UTEPEUOVTa 6pyava Tnc;, Ka9wc;; Kai n CAC (ElllTPOllO EµnopaKnc;; t.p6onc;;> OTO 
llAa(oao tnc;; olloiac;; txe1 6nµaoupyn9e( oµ66a VSAT. t.e6oµtvou 6ta ta 6pyava 
aut6 txouv avaA6(311 va Ka9op(oouv TO p6Ao TWV 6opu,oplKWV ElllKOIVWVIWV OTO 
llAalo10 tnc;; av6llTU~nc;; TOU EUPWllalKOU 6tKTUOU TflAElllKOIVWVIWV, n Ko1v6TnTa 
llPE11'£1 va apxloe1 EKTETaµtvo 61aAoyo µ£ auto OXETIKO µ£ TO µtAAov Kai TflV 
e~tAa~n TWV 6opu,oplKWV ElllKOIVWVIWV OTflV EUPWllfl. 
ITO nAaio10 Tfl<; YEVIKt'tc; EllaVE~haonc; TWV 11'0AITIKWV TflAE11'lKOIVWVIWV llOU 
onµe1ci>veta1 oftµepa tnv Eupwlln, n CEPT ullof3aAAeta1 Tci>pa oe onµavtaKtc;; 
µ1Tappu8µio11c;;, 6nwc;; o 61axwp10µ6c;; OTO llAaioao Tfl<; opy6vwonc;; Twv 
KaYOVIOTlKWV AEITOUPYIWV Kai TWV AEITOUPYIWV EKµ£TaAAeuonc;;. 
0 I 6uo KVP t 6TEp£c;; µuappu8µ ( 0£ I c;; llOU ExOUV llpayµaTOllO I n8£ ( µ£xp I oftµepa 
txouv £llionc;; 8eµeA1w6n onµaoia y1a tic; 6opu,op1Ktc;; En1Ko1vwviec;;. np6K£1Ta1 
y I a Tl'l 6nJ..11 oupy (at TO 1988 t OT fl Soph I a-Ant I po I Is t KOYT6 OTl'l N (Ka I at TOU 
EupwllalKOU IVOTITOUTOU TUllOllolnonc;; OTOV Toµta TWV TnA£lllKOIVWVlWV (ETSI), 
Kai tn IJETa,opa TWV 6paOTl1PIOT"1TWV TUllOllolnonc;; OTOV Toµta TWV 
TflAElllKOIVWVIWV tnc;; CEPI OTO lVOTITOUTO auT6, Ka9wc;; Kai µe Tn 6nµaoupy(a, 
ofjµepa, Tl'l<; EupwllalKftc; ElllTP011'fJc;; Pa610ElllKOIVWYIWV (CER) KAI Tflc;; EupwllalKfJc;; 
Ynnpeoiac;; Pa610£lllKOIVWVlWV (ERO). 
Figure 6 
COMMUNITY, EFTA, CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND OTHER NEIGHBOURING 
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANISATIONS OF MOST INTEREST TO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 
IN EUROPE 
EUTEL-
SAT 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Germany 
France 
Greece 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
The Netherlands 
Portugal 
Spain 
United Kingdom 
Austria 
Finland 
Iceland 
Liechtenstein 
Norway 
Sweden 
Switzerland 
"" ..,. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Member 
::;~ •• application to join pending 
<111 .,.(1) •....•••••.•• Associate Member ....... 
....... 
....... 
....... 
....... 
...... 
....... 
...... 
...... 
....... 
....... 
...... 
...... 
....... 
....... 
....... 
....... 
....... 
....... ESA 
....... 
....... 
....... 
...... 
....... 
.... ... 
...... 
....... 
...... 
....... 
.... ... (1) 
....... 
...... 
....... ETSI CEPT INTEL- INMAR- INTER- ITU 
SAT SAT SPUTNIK 
....... ....... ....... .... ... .... ... 
....... ....... ....... ....... .... ... 
....... ....... ...... ... ... ....... ... ... 
.... ... ....... .... ... ....... ... ... 
....... ...... ...... ...... ... ... 
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....... ....... .... ... .... ... 
....... .... ... ... ... 
....... ... ... ....... .... ... .... ... 
.... ... ...... ....... ...... .... ... 
....... ....... ....... .... ... .... ... 
EUTEL-
SAT 
Bulgaria 
Czechoslovakia 
Hungary 
Poland 
Romania 
Yugoslavia 
Cyprus 
Malta 
Monaco 
Rep. of San Marino 
Turkey 
Vatican City 
Japan 
United States 
USSR 
411.,.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Member 
$~ •• application to join pending 
411 .,. (1) ••......•..•• Associate Member $~ 
$~ 
$~ 
...... 
...... 
...... 
...... 
...... 
....... 
........ 
....... 
....... ESA ETSI 
....... 
....... 
....... CEPT INTEL- INMAR- INTER- ITU 
SAT SAT SPUTNIK 
....... .... ... .... ... .... ... 
....... ....... .... ... ... ... 
...... .... ... ... ... 
....... ....... ... ... ... ... 
.... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 
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-72 -
Evw ylveTat npoo,uvn oTo ETSI v•a va napaoxe• Tnv TEXV•Kn Poon Twv 
JJOAUOp&eµwv µE:Tpwv JJOU aJJalTOUVTal OTOV Toµ£a TWV 6opu,oplKWV EJJlKOlVWVlWV 
CPUne K£,aXato V), n veoouoTa8eloa Eupwna·cKn EntTpom'l Pa6to£JJ&Kotvwvtwv 
Kal n Eupwna·fKn Ynnpeo(a Pa6l0£1JlKOlVWVlWV -JJOU ea houv Tnv £6pa TOUt 
oTnv Koneyxavn npoo,E:pouv E:va vE:o nAalo10 y1a Tnv evloxuon Tou 
ouvTov1oµou Twv ouxvoTnTwv oTnv Eupwnn. To ~n,1oµa Tou ruµpouAlou 
90/C166/02C45) op(~e1 £vav Kup10 noX1T1K6 OT6xo: "va eKxwpneouv eyKalpwt 
£JJapK£ ( t ouxv6TnT£t OT l t Kl vndt Ka l 60PUtoP l KE:t £,apµovE:t. . . .. Ka l 
onµe 1wve1 µe 1 Kavono I non "Tn µeTappu8µ 1 on Twv µnxav 1 oµwv npoypaµµaT 1 oµou 
Kal TOU OUVTOVlOµou TWV pa61oouxvoTnTWV JJOU avE:AaPE n CEPT, Kal KUplwt TflV 
an6,aon va 16pueel EupwnalKn Ynnpeoia Pa61oen1Ko1vwv1wv, nou ea en1TpE:~e1 
Tn ouveKTlµnon Tnt yvwµnt 6Awv Twv ev61a,epoµE:vwv µepwv Kat ea 61a8E:Te1 
KaTaHnXn 6oµn Ka 1 opyavwon ... ". To ~n'' oµa auT6 Kah I n1v En 1 Tponn, Ta 
KpaTn µ£An Ka l Tn CEPT "va UJJOOTnp ( ~OUV Tnv JJ£pa l dpw aVOJJTU~n TOU vE:ou 
auTou top£a .... napE:xovTat Kaee avayKa(o n6po WOT£ va 61ao,aX109e( n 
aJJOT£A£OµaT1K6T11Ta Tnt AElTOUpy(at TOU Kal n TaxuTnTa Tnt aVTlµETWJJlOnt TWV 
a1TnµaTWV ... ". 
3. 2 H qnugq (a TWY 6ooucpop l KWY EJil KO l YWY l WY v la TOY gygnufn JDC KeyTp l KOC Ka l 
AygToAlKDC Eupwnnc 
Ol eeaµaTlKEt aXXavE:t JJOU onµe1wenKav OTnv KEVTPIKn Kal AvaTOAlKO Eupwnn 
E:xouv 6ci>oe l vE:a JJOA l Tl Kn 61 OOTaon oTnv Taxe (a avaJJTU~fl TWV 6opu,op l KWV 
£1IlKOlVWVlWV OTnv EupWJJfl. H Taxe(a avaJJTu~n Tnt TnA£1IlKOlVWVlaKnt UJJ06oµnt 
TWV xwpwv Tnt K£VTP l Knt Ka l AvaTOA l Knt Eupwnnt £ (val anapa ( TflT'l y la TflV 
E:vTa~n TWV xwpwv aUTWV OTn 61eupuµtvn EUPWJJalKn 6lOOTaon Kal y1a TflV 
en 1 Tuxn avaouyKp6Tnon Twv o 1Kovoµ1 wv Tout. H En 1 Tponn unoypaµµ I~£ 1 Tnv 
nTuxn auTn oTnv avaKolvwon Tflt 19nt louvlou 1990(46). tva an6 Ta 
onµaVTlK6T£pa 1IA£0V£KTnµaTa Tflt -6nXa6n n Taxe(a aVOJJTu~n Kal fl aµeon Kal 
£KT£TaµE:vn KaAu~n -npoo6(6e1 OTlt 6opu,op1KE:t en1Ko1vwvlet Pao1K6 p6Xo OTO 
JJXa(o10 auT6, T600 OTOV ToµE:a TWV TflAEJJlKOlVWVlWV 6oo Kal TWV 
pa610TnAEOJJTlKWV µeTa66oewv. 
01 xwPEt Tflt Kevtp1Knt Ka1 AvatoA1Knt Eupwnnt otpE:,ovta1, enoµE:vwt, npot 
Tn xpnon TWV 6opu,oplKWV OUOTflµOTWV 1IPOK£1µE:vou va PEATlWOOUV Tlt 
tnA£1JlKOlVWVlaKE:t TOUt ~EU~Elt µe Tfl AUTlKn Eupwnn: n noxwv(a EYlV£ TO 270 
µE:Xot Tou EUTELSAT To tePpouap10 1990, n Pouµavla £xe1 npooxwpnoe1 an6 t6te 
EVW 61e~ayovta1 onµepa 61anpayµaT£UOElt µe TflV ToexooXoPaK(a Kal tnv 
Ouyyap(a. EJJllIAEOV, avaµE:veTal 6Tl n Tp(Tfl EK6oon TOU DFS-Kopernlkus, TOU 
£9VlKOU yepµaVlKOU 6opu,oplKOU ouotnµaTOt, ea JJaPEXEl TflAE,WVlKEt 
(45) ,n,•oµa Tou ruµpouXlou Tnt 28nt louvlou 1990 oxet1Ka µe TflV evloxuon Tnt 
eupwna"fKnt ouvepyaolat oTov toµE:a Twv pa61oouxvoTnTwv 6oov a,opa, 16lwt, 
Tlt unnpeolet naveupwna"fKnt 61a0Taont. 
(46) AvaKolvwon Tflt En1Tponnt npot to ruµPouA10 Kai To Eupwna"fK6 Ko1voPouA10 
OXETlKQ µ£ Tlt OXEOElt Tflt Ko1v6tntat µ£ Tlt XWP£t Tnt KevtplKOt Kal tnt 
AvaTOAlKnt Eupwnnt -0 p6Xot TWV TnAEJJlKOlVWVlWV -COM(90) 258 Tnt 
19 . 06 . 1990 . 
-73 -
unnpeolec;, unnpeo(ec; TnAeonTtKtic; µeTa6oonc; Kat £ntK01vwv1wv 
6£6oµtvwv/eµnop1Kou xapaKTnpa oe 6Aec; Ttc; y£wypa,1Ktc; n£ptoxtc; Tnc; 
Oµoonov6aaKnc; ArwoKpatlac; Tl'lc; fEpµavlac;. noAAtc; xwp£c; tnc; K£vtp1Kf)c; Kaa 
AvatoA 1 Ktit Eupwnnc; -n noAwv (a, n To£xooAoPaK la Ka 1 n BouAyap la -£ (vat 
µtAn Tou INMARSAT Kat txouv Tnv np6eson va xpno1µono1noouv Tnv unnp£o(a 
autn T6oo yta Tlc; vaUTlAtaKt<; £1ttKOtVWV(£<; 6oo Kat Tl<; Ktvnttc; £1ttKOtvwvl£c; 
£npac; CPAtn£ x(yqKq 6). 
H 6uvaT6tnta xpnonc; µ1Kpwv T£pµat1Kwv ouotnµatwv npoK£1µtvou va 
E£ao,aA1oeel Taxela Kat £KT£Taµtvn KaAu~n e£eTa~£Tat an6 noAAtc; xwpec; Tnc; 
AvatoAtKO<; Eupwnnc;. tuyxp6vwc;, Ol XWP£c; auTt<; £££ta~ouv TO £V6sx6µsvo Va 
enttpt~ouv xwplc; Ka9uottpnon tn 6nµtoupy(a sntnAtov 'optwv wot£ va 
suvonoouv Tnv tyKatpn napoxn PEATtwµtvwv TnAentKOlVWVtaKWV unnp&OlWV t6oo 
y1a Tnv eevtKn 600 Kat tn 61aouvoptaKn Klvnon. 
As6oµtvou 6Tt 0£ 6Aec; ttc; xwpec; tnc; KEVTPtKOc; Kat AvaToAtKOc; Eupwnnc;, fl 
uno6oµn tou en(yetou 6tKtuou e(vat sAax10Ta avsntuyµtvn, n 6nµ1oupy(a Twv 
6tKTUWV VSAT ea anOTEAEOEl tva npo,avtc; Kat, 0£ optoµtvsc; 1t£Pt1tTWo£t<;, 
t 6 ta ( tspa anotdsoµat 1 K6 µtoo en 1 Kot vwv ( ac;. H £ 1 oavwvn TExvoAoy ( ac; 
6opucp6pwv nou ana tu { µsyaAouc; en (vs 1 ouc; ota9µouc; 6sv ea en 1Tpt~s1 , os 
noAAtc; nsptnTwostc;, Taxela Kat EKT&taµtvn KaAu~n xwplc; To anapaltnTo 
sn(ysto OUOTnµa 6taouv6sonc;. 
E i vat n t eav6 6t t n Kataotaon autn ea o6nvno£ t ypnyopa -oto nAa ( o to twv 
YEVtKWV OtKOVOµtKWV µ£Tappu9µ(0£WV TtOU 6ts£ayovtat Otte; XWp£c; aut£c; Kat Tflc; 
s£H t £nc; npoc; µta o t Kovoµ (a ayopac; -otnv snavsUtaon twv Kavov t OT t Kwv 
6 t ata£swv TtOU a,opOUV tnv OVOTtTU{fl TWV 6opucpop t KWV OUOTnµaTWV OT t c; XWPE«; 
tnc; KsvtptKnc; Kat AvatoAtKnc; Eupwnnc;. Av 6£v avaxn,esl napaAAnAn 6paon oto 
nAa lot o tnc; Ko 1 v6TnTac;, n Kataotaon autn ea µnopouos va o6nvnos 1 oTnv 
sAE:u9spn 6ta9£on 6opu,optKWV 6tKTUWV OTflV KsVTptKn Kat AvatoAtKO Eupwnn, 
np t v 6 t aTdouv Ta ouottiµata auta otnv Kot v6tnta -npayµa nou ea s l xs 
onwo6nnots apvnT t de; en t ntwos t c; otnv avantu£n Twv ouotnµatwv oe supwna"iKti 
t<AiµaKa. 
Evw µnopouv va avantuxeouv ypnyopa Kotva 6iKtua 6opu,optKwv tspµattKwv 
µsta£u TWV XWPWV tnc; KEVTPtKO<; Kat AvatoAtKOc; Eupwnnc; Kat tnc; Kotv6tntac; -
sc,6oov n TEAEUTaia npooapµ6ost TO 6tK6 tnc; KaVOVl0TtK6 nAa(oto OTOV toµta 
aut6 -ta aµotPala ouµ,tpovta Tflt Kotv6tnTac; Kat Tnc; ErrA otov toµta aut6 
ea nptns t va s£uaotouv 6 t e{o6 t K6upa. H HU xpno t µono t e ( £VTaT t Ka ta 
6opu,optKa ouotnµaTa xapn oTn onµavttKn 6uvaµtK6Tnta nou 6ta8tte1 oto 
6taOTIWlK6 TOµta. $a(vetat 6Tl navw an6 TO 95% TWV Tf'lAE:e&aTWV Aaµpavouv 
TnA£ont1Ka npoypaµµaTa xapn oTn ouyxpnola ouotnµatwv 6opucpop11<nc; 
Tnhont 1 KO<; µsTa6oonc; Kat en I ye 1 wv eyKataoTaoswv 6' avoµnc;. H EHll txs 1 
en lone; 6 t a6paµaT l 0£ 1 6paotnP to p6Ao OTO en ( ne6o Twv 61 dvwv 6opu,op t Kwv 
sn1Ko1vwv1wv µs tnv syKaTaoTaon Tou ouon'u.1atoc; lntersputnik CJ3Atns 
xlyqKq 6), Kaewc; Kat OTO nAalo10 Tou npoypaµµaToc; lnterkosmos, nou a,opa Tfl 
µsAttn Twv npoPAnµaTwv nou ouv6tovta 1 µe Tnv s,apµovn twv s9v t Kwv Kat 
1t£Pl,£P£taKWV £1ttKOlYWVtWV. H EII/1 s(vat n6n µtAoc; TOU INMARSAT Kat, 
-74 -
£ttlonc;:, 01 v££c;: npoon6e£1£c;: nou txouv KaTaPAne£1 T£A£uTala y1a tnv 
ttPOOXWPl'lOn Tl'lc;: EIIA OTOV INTELSAT txouv 6nµOO&£U9£(. 
H KOIVOT&Kn npootyyaon TWV 6opucpoplKWV £1tlKOIVWVIWV, y1a va £(Val 
OUV£KT&Kn, 1tPE1t£l va OUV£Kt1µ6 nAnpwc;: TO 61£evtc;: 1t£p1P6AAov TWV 6opu,oplKWV 
Ettl KOi vwv IWV OTnv Eupwltn Kai TWV Y£V' KWV ouµ,£p6vtwv tnc;: Kol v6Tntac;: OTO 
£1tl1t£6o Twv ££wt£P&Kwv oxto£wv. 
'Ottwc;: 1tPOKUttT£t an6 to K£,6Aaao 11, 6Aa ta KP6tn µ£An Tnc;: Ko1v6tnTac;: txouv 
unoxp£Wo£ 1 c;: Ka 1 Tp£xouo£c;: 6£oµ£uoe 1 c;: nou o'e I Aouv va Tnpouv. not6oo, ea 
ttPE1t£l va epy6~ovTa1 an6 Ko1vou y1a va en1,tpouv aAAaytc;:, 6Tav auT6 elva1 
altapaltnTo. 
Ta a1tOT£A£oµaTa TWV 6ta1tpayµaT£U0£WV Tnc;: GATT OTO 1tAa(o10 TOU fupou Tnc;: 
Oupouyouanc;: ea £1tnp£6oouv Ka9oplOTIK6 tic;: OXEO£tc;: Tnc;: Ko1v6TnTac;: µ£ touc;: 
Kup16T£pouc;: £µ1tOPIKOUc;: tnc;: £ta(pouc;: OTOV toµsa aut6 -tac;: HnA KQI tnv 
I anwv I a -aH6 ea µ1topouoav va £1tnp£6oouv Ka 1 To 61 £8vtc;: 1t£P 1 P6Hov twv 
6opucpop1KWV £1tlKOIVWVIWV. A6yw TOU OUV£XWt au£av6µ£VOU ap18µou TWV µn 
£upw1ta"iKwv 6opu'6pwv 1tou xpno1µono1ouvta1 y1a va ££ao,aAloouv tnv £upw1ta"iKn 
KaAu•n, ea 1tPE1t£1 va £v1oxue£( 0 OUVTOVl0µ6c;: tvavtl TWV Tp(twv xwpwv OTOV 
Toµta TWV 6opucpop1KWV unnp£OIWV. TtAoc;:, 1tPE1t£1 va aVTlµ£TW1tl09£( TO 
£V6£x6µ£VO KO I VOT I Knc;: 1tOA l TI Knc;: 6opu,op I KWV £1t I KO I vwv I WV OTO 1tAa I 0 I 0 TWV 
ouvoA 1 KWV OXE0£WV tnc;: Ko I v6Tntac;: µ£ TOV U1t6Ao I 1t0 K6oµo: av6ntu£n TWY 
OXE0£WV Tnc;: µ£ tic;: µ£OOY£1aKtc;: xwpec;:, 61tOU txouv n6n 6nµ1oupyne£I aµo1Pala 
euepynT1K£c;: ox£0£1c;:• ouµPoAn otnv nAnpn xpnon Tou 6uvaµ1Kou twv 6opu,6pwv 
OT I c;: ava1tTU006µ£V£c;: XWP£c;: -Otn ouvaptnon TWV OXEO£WV µ£ Tl c;: XWP£t tnc;: 
A,p1Knc;:, Tnc;: Kapa&P1Knc;: Kai TOU EIPl'lYIKOU (AKE) -OTO 1tAa(o10 Tnc;: ouµpaonc;: 
Aoµt -Ka 1 £v I oxuon Twv ava1tTu£ a aKwv tpywv 1tou Pao I ~ovTa 1 otn xpnon twv 
6opu,6pwv 0£ 6AA£c;: tt£p1oxtc;: Tou K6oµou. 
4.1. A1£8y6c lywgn TnA£1tlKOIYWYIWY CITUl 
'Ottwc;: 1tPOKU1tt£ I an6 TO K£,6).a l 0 I I , n A I dvnc;: 'Evwon T11A£1t l KO l vwv I WV 
61 a6paµaT (~£I K£VTP I K6 p6Ao otnv av61ttu£n TWV 6opu,op I KWV £1t I KO I VWY I WV, 
XOPn OTO Pao1K6 p6).o 1tOU 6aa6paµat(~£1 OTO 1tAa(Ol0 TOU 61eevouc;: OUVTOVIOµou 
TWV OUXVOTOTWV Ka I tnc;: 616eeonc;: TPOX lac;: -µ£ow TWY 6paOTflP I Otf1tWY tnc;: 
A 1 £evouc;: Elf a tpoltnc;: Kataypa,nc;: ruxvotntwv c 1 FRB > Ka 1 tnc;: nayK6oµ 1 ac;: Ka 1 
n£pl,£P£1aKnc;: ruv61aOK£•nc;: TWV AIOIK00£WY Pa610£1tlKOIYWYIWV (WARC Kai 
RARC). 
-75 -
M£Ta~u TWV 6aa,6pwv aAAwv OX£TIKWV KUpl6T£PWV £ftlTponci>v ouµnep1AaµpavovTa1 
n Al£8vnc; IuµPouhUTlKn Enltponn Pa6lO£ftlKOlVWVlWV (CCIR) Kai n Aa£8vnc; 
IuµPouAeutaKn Enatponn TnAeypa,lac; Kat TnAec,wvlac; CCCITT)C47). 
H A£ttoupy(a tnc; IFRB Kai 0 p6Aoc; TWV WARC txouv £~£Taote( 6t£~06tKQ OTO 
K£,aAaao II. H CCIR e(vat uneu9uvn yta Tf"I µe~£Tf1 TWV T£XVlKWV Kal 
Ae l TOUPY l KWV eeµaTWV OTOV Toµta TWV pa61 O£n l KO l vwv l ci>v, Kaeci>c; Ka l y la Tf"I 
6nµoo(euon OX£TlKWV ouotaoewv. 
H CCITT £K6(6£t ouotaoeac; OX£TlKO µe Ta np6Tuna Kat Ttc; npo61aypa,tc; Ka9ci>c; 
Kat tn Aettoupy(a Kat t1µ0A6vnon twv 6nµ6oawv tnAen11<oavwv1aKci>v unnpeotci>v. 
M£A£TQ Tf"I 61aouvepyaola TWV Tf1A£nlKOlVWVlaKWV 6opu'6pwv µ£ TO £n(y£t0 
6lKtuo, 16lwc; un6 tac; onµepavtc; ouv9nKec; 6nou 01 tnAentKotvwvtaKtc; 
unnpeo ( ec; xpno 1µono1 ouvta t euputata Ka' oe ouvexci>c; au~av6µevo Paeµ6 an6 
touc; 6opu'6pouc; FSS Kat MSS. 
nptnet va Kaeop1oeouv Kotvtc; etoeac; ota 61eevn fora, 6nwc; ava,tpetat oto 
~n•1oµa tou ruµJ3ouAlou tnc; 30nc; louvlou 1988(48), npayµa nou entteux8nKe 
Kata Tf'l A I £8vn IUV6 t OOK£~f1 TWV Al 0 l KnO£WV Tnhypa• ( ac; Ka l T11h•WV ( ac; TO 
1988 (WATT-C), Kata tnv ono(a tyavav 6aanpayµateuoeac; y1a vta oe1pa 61e8vci>v 
Kavov1oµci>v tnAen1Ko1vwv1ci>v. To (610 aoxue1 Kat yaa tic; tptxouoec; 
6aanpayµateuoe1c; OTO nAalo10 tnc; CCIR OX£TlKa µe TO µeAAOVTIK6 np6tuno y1a 
tnv TnAe6paon Y~nAnc; EuKplve1ac;. H (61a npootyyaon ea nptnea va 
aKoAoueeltaa oto µtAAov, Ka9e •opa nou aut6 elvaa anapaltnto. 
Meta an6 ouµ,wvla tou IuµPouAlou to 1988, n Ko1v6Tnta ~ntnoe Kat ttuxe 
Ka8eotci>Toc; napatnPntn oto nAa(o10 tnc; ITU Ka9ci>c; Kai twv en1tponci>v Kat 
ouv61ao1<t~eci>v tnc;. 
t>oov a•opa To ouvtov10µ6 twv ouxvotntwv, to ~n•aoµa tou ruµJ3ouAlou 
90/C166/02(49) OUVIOTCx 11TOV Kaeop10µ6 KOIVWV 8£0£Cl>V 0£ 6t£8v£c; £n(ne6o 
otov toµta twv ouxvotntwv, ota nAaloaa Kuplwc; Tf"lc; ITU Kat twv ouv61a0Kt~eci>v 
Tnc; otov toµta twv pa61oen11<01vwv1ci>v" Kat µe paon tnv tptxouoa µetappueµaon 
TOU OUVTOVIOIJOU TWV OUXVOTOTWV OTO nAa(oao tnc; CEPT (J3Atne napanavw). 
(47) 'Evac; aHoc; opyav10µ6c;, n Ynnpeo(a AvanTu~nc; TnAentKOtYWVtci>v, nou 
611µ 1 oupv"'8nK£ tehuta la oto nAa lo 1 o tnc; µuappu8µ 1 one; tCa>v 6paoT11P 1 oTnTwv 
Tnc; ITU µeta tic; ano,aoetc; nou eAn•Bnoav Kata tn ouv61a0Ke~n twv 
nAnpe~ouo(wv Tf"lc; ITU OTf"I N(Ka1a TO 1989 (apepo 14 TOU KataOTattKOU), ea 
µnopouoe va anoKTnoe1 161altepn onµaola y1a Tf"IV npoci>9non twv 6opu,op11<ci>v 
en1Ko1vwv1ci>v OT1c; avantuoo6µevec; xci>pec;. 
(48) •n•tOµa TOU IuµJ3ouA(ou Tf"lc; 30i)c; louv(ou 1988 OX£T1Ka µe Tf"IV avanTU~f"I Tf"lc; 
KO l vftc; ayopac; TWV Uftf"IP£0 l WV Ka I TOU E:~On~ l OIJOU OTOV TOµta TWV 
tnAentKOlVWVlWV ci>c; TO 1992, EE c 257 tnc; 04.10.1988 0.4. 
(49) •n•toµa tou ruµpouAlou tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990 oxet11<a µe tnv evloxuon tnc; 
eupCa>na·cKnc; ouvepyao lac; otov toµE:a twv pa61 oouxvotntwv 6oov a'°pa, 16 (we;, 
tic; unnpeolec; naveupwna·a1<nc; 61aotaonc;, EE c 166 tnc; 07.07.1990, o.4 
(90/C166/2). 
-76 -
Ito aµeoo µtAAov, n KUpl6t£Pn np6KAnon yaa tnv EupwnalKn Koav6tnta £(Val va 
Kaeop(O£l KOlVn eton EV 6cpe:a tnc; nayK6oµaac; IuV6lOOK£'1Jfl«; tWV AlOlKnOEWV 
Pa6ao£nlKotvwvtwv CWARC), tnc; onolac; n npooe:xnc; ouve:6plaon ea 
npayµaTonotne£1 To 1992 Kal µe: paon Touc; µnxavaoµouc; e:vaoxuµtvnc; 
ouve:pyaolac; Tnc; CEPT -va Kaeoploe:a Tfl oTaee:pn noAtTlKn e:vToAn nou 
ana a a (Ta l oto KO a voT l K6 e:n ( ne:6o npoKe: a µtvou va e:£aocpaA a oee: ( 
anoTe:Ae:oµaTaK6c; ouvtovaoµ6c; OTO PaoaK6 aut6 Toµta. 
4.2. [e:yaK6 guuwwy(g 6gguwy KQl e:unop(ou CGATTl 
OAe:c; oxe:66v ot ntuxtc; tnc; e:owte:paKnc; ayopac; tnAe:n1Ko1vwv1wv e:nnpe:a~ovta1, 
aµe:oa n tµµe:oa, an6 TO etµaTa llOU e:££TO~OVTQI OTO nAa(OlO TWV 6te:£ay6µ£VWV 
e:µnoplKWV 6tanpayµaTEUOEWV TOU [upou Tfl<; Oupouyouanc;. 
H Koav6TflTO £Kcppa~El tac; 8toe:ac; tnc; OTO [upo tnc; Oupouyouanc; ouµcpwva µe: T6 
apepo 113 Tnc; ouvenKnc;. E(val nleav6 6tl ., 6aanpayµat£UTlKn eton tnc; 
Ko a v6Tntac; ea napaµe: Ive: 1 ote:va ouv6e:6e:µtvn µe: tnv np6o6o tou e:owt£P 1 Kou 
Ka8e:otwtoc; tnc; Kotv6tnTac; Kat e:(va1 onµavtlK6 va e:lvaa ouve:KttKtc; oa 
£0Cl)t£PlKtc; Kai e:£wTe:p1Ktc; oxtoe:1c; tnc; Kotv6tntac;. 
Auo an6 touc; onµe:ptvouc; toµe:lc; 6aanpayµate:uonc; acpopouv aµe:oa tov toµta twv 
6opucp6pwv: 01 unnpe:ole:c; Kaa ta te:xv1Ka e:µn66aa otac; ouvaAAaytc;. 
t>oov acpopa To e:µn6p10 Twv u"npeo1~v, oa 6lanpayµate:uoe:ac; OTl'I re:ve:un txouv 
ouyKe:vtpw8e: ( otnv e:ne:£e:pyao (a nAa lo ( ou apxwv nou 61 tnovTa l an6 Tl'I ye:v 1 Kn 
ouµcpc.>v(a 6aoµwv KOl e:µnop(ou (GATT) KOi e:cpapµ6~ovta1 OTO OUVOAO TOU 
e:µnoplou Twv unnpe:o1wv. 
To nAa(o10 aut6 8a tpononoa118e:( n 9a ouµnAnpwee:( µe: TOIJEOKO ox6A1a, n 
napapTnµaTa, oxe:t1Ka µe: 61acpopouc; toµe:(c; wote: va Ancp8ouv un6"'n ta 161a(te:pa 
XOPOKTflPlOTlKO TOUc;. [la Tl<; tnAe:n1Ko1vwv(e:c;, ta ox6Ala n ta napaptnµata ea 
KaAU'IJQUV £ l 61 K6te:pa Tl c; KataHnhc; npoUnoetoe: l c; np60Pao11c; OTO 6 ( KTUO Ka l 
xpnonc; Tou 6lKtuou auTou. Ol apxec; nou 61£nouv tnv o6nyla 90/387/EOKCSO) 
OX£TlKO µe: Tl'IV napoxn AVOlKTOU AIKTUOU (ONP) anote:Aouv Tl'I paon tnc; 
KOlVOTlKnc; Stone; OTOV toµta aut6. 
t>oov acpopa Ta rexv1Ka eµ"661a oto e:µn6plo, n Ko1v6tnta npoonaee:l va 
e:£aocpaA(oe:l KaAute:pn lOOppon(a, OTO nAa(oao TWV ouµcpWVlWV Tl'lc; GATT, 
e:ne:KTe:(vovtac; ttc; 6tata£e:ac; Tnc;, a6(wc; 6oov acpopa tn 6lacpave:aa twv 
npo6aaypaq>Wv nou nptne:a va 8e:onaotouv an6 touc; nµaKpataKouc; Kat a61wt1Kouc; 
opyavaoµouc; tunonolnonc;. 
(50) 06nvla tou IuµpouA(ou Tnc; 28nc; louv(ou 1990 y1a tn 6nµloupy(a tnc; 
£0WT£plKnc; ayopac; OTOV Toµta TWV tnAe:nlKOlVWVlQKWV unnpe:oawv µtow tnc; 
e:cpapµovnc; Tnc; napoxnc; avolKtou 6tKtuou (Open Network Provision -ONP). 
-77 -
M6A' c; £YKP' eouv, o' vtsc; ouµcpcov ( sc; Tnt GA TT ea 11"pt11s' va trapaoxouv ha 
µnxavtoµ6 strtKTaonc; Tnc; sAEuetpwonc; Twv 6opuf10p&Kwv s~otrA&oµwv Ka& 
U1tflP£0lWV OTtc; Tp(T£c; XWP£c; -OTO trAa(OtO TOU Y£VlKOU 1µ11op(ou OTOV Toµta 
TWV TflA£trlKOlVWVlWV -µ£ to6ppotro Tp6tro. 
4.3 Iuyxoytgu6c IWY &tg1wy tYaYit IWY IOOtwy ngpox6c xwy xp(xwy xwpWy 
Otrwc; 11p0Ku11u& a116 Tov wlyqKq 3, µ£ Tn 6&acpopo11olnon Trtc; 11apoxnc; Tou 
6&aoTnµ&Kou Tµflµatoc;, £µ,av(~sTa& ouvsxwc; au~av6µsvoc; ap&9µ6<: µn supwtralKwv 
6opucp6pwv 11ou µ11opouv va xpnotµotrotouvTa& yta unnpsotsc; µs supwtra1Kt'I 
KaAucpn. 
Otrwc; ava,tpsTat OTO K£,aAato Ill, t~t cpop£(c; TWV HnA txouv OTflV t6tOKTflO(a 
TOU«; a6£t£c; KOTOOK£Uflc; Utr6 a(pson trOU £K6(60VTOl atr6 TflV 0µ00BOV6taKfl 
EtrlTPOtrfl EtrlKOtVWVtWV TWV HnA yta 6t£8vfl XWPlOTa 6opucpop&Ka OUOTflµaTa, £VW 
tvac; cpoptac;, o Pan American Satel I lte/Alpha-Lyracom, £Kµ1TaAA1u1Tat a116 To 
1988 tva xwptOT6 6t£8vtc; 6opucpoptK6 OUOTnµa trOU 11aptx1t £trlonc; 6opucpoptK£c; 
UtrflP£01£c; 0£ op&oµtva KPOTfl µ£An Tfl<: KOlV6TflTac;. H TEAlKn a6£&a OX£TlKO µs 
TO OUOtnµa Orlon £KKp£µ£(, £VW fl flµ£poµnv(a £KT6~£UOflc; TWV OUOTflµOTWV OUTWV 
EX£l 11poypaµµaT&08£( y&a to 1993. Ot nµEpoµnvlsc; £KT6~suonc; Kat fl KaAu~n 
TWV 6opucp6pwv Gor I zont Ka' Reduga 6£v txouv 6nµoo l £U9£ ( , av Ka l £ (val 
yvwot6 6t& op&oµhot a116 auTouc; txouv tpoxto9£tfl8£(. 0& 6opucp6po& auto( 
avt'IKouv otnv errA Kat µ&o9wvovTa& a116 Tov lntersputnlk. 
Etr( TOU trap6vtoc;, Ta KPOTfl µEAfl Tnc; Ko&V6TflTOc; 6&atrpayµaT£UOVTOl XWPlOTO Ta 
6&Ka&wµaTa "11pooy1(woflc;" -Ka& 11'P6oPaonc; -y&a Ta µfl 1upw11a·cKa 6opucpop&Ka 
ouotnµata, £Kt6c; TOU 6&aotnµ1KOU tµnµatoc; INTELSAT Kai INMARSAT. rto 
µtAAov, ea 11pttr£l va £VTa8£1 o ouvTovtoµ6c; OTov toµta auT6 Wot£ va 
a11otpa111I fl v68£UOfl Tflt ayopac; OTO trAaloto Tflt Ko1v6TnTac;, a•'1v6c;, Kai va 
£~ao,aA&oe£( lOXUPn etofl y&a Tfl 6&atrpayµat£UOfl Tfl<: lo6Ttµnc; trp6olJaOflt TWV 
£UPWtra"iKWV 6opucpoplKWV OUOTfltJOTWV Otte; tp(tsc; XWP£t, a•'ETtpou. 
Ot 11poava,1p6µsvsc; apxtc; tnc; GATT OXETtKa µs TO sµ116p&o TflA£trtKOlVWVlWV £V 
YEV£t, KOl Ol OtrO(£c; IJp(OKOVTOt OTO OT06lO TOU K080plOµou, ea trp£tr£t Va 
atroTsAtoouv KaTaHnAn Paon y la TllV avatrTu~n KO l vnc; OUVTOV l oµtvnc; 
11pootyy&onc; Ka& Tfl ouva~n &o6ppo11wv ouµcpwv&wv oTov Toµta auT6 µ£ T&c; Tp(Tsc; 
xwpsc;. 
-78 -
4.4. txtOElC ME IlC MEOOYElgKtc XWQEC. TOY AWQlK6. ID AailVlKD AM£QlK6 Kal TlC 
un6AOlB£C xWpec IOU K6guou 
Ta KpaTll µtAll Tilt Ko1v6t1ltat txouv avantu~El oxtoe1t nayKooµlwt otov 1oµta 
IWV 6opucpoplKWV £BlKOlVWVlWV, t6oo µtaco IWV KOlVWV ouµ,ep6VTWV OTO nAa(olO 
IWV µllxavaoµWv 6aeevout OUVIOVloµou Tilt ITU OIOV toµta Tilt 61ae£Ollt 
ouxvotnTWV KOl TPOXta<;, Kat µtOCI> TWV INTELSAT KOi INMARSAT, 6oo Kat µE Ill 
XPnOll TWV 6opu,op l KWV EB I KO l vwv I Wv y I a TllV unoP0"81lOll Tilt BEP, ,£PE l aKnt 
avantU~llt· 
t>oov acpopa 1' <:: Pa oµllxav' Ktt xWPEt, 010 npao' vo e' PA lo ox et' Ka µe tllv 
OVQBTU~ll Tilt KOIVnt ayopa<; IWV UBllPEOIWV KOi IOU E~OBA1oµou OIOV Ioµta TWV 
IllAEBlKOlVWVlWvC51), ll En11ponn unoypaµµtOE Ill Ollµao(a BOU EVSXEI yta tnv 
Koav6tnta 11 OUVEpyao(a, OTO nAa[OtO TWV 61eevWv 6oµWv, µ£ Tlt aAAE<; 
P10µ1lxav1Ktt xWpe<;, 6nw<; Tl<; HnA, Tf1V lanwv(a, IOV Kava6a, If1V AuotpaA[a 
Ka 1 Ill Nta ZnAav6 I a, nou txouv avanTuh 1 nponvµtvo 6uvaµ' K6 6opu,op a KWv 
En l KO l VWV l WV. En l nUov, ll En l Iponti np6I£ l VE Ill xapa~ll OUVEKI l Kn<; 
OTPOTllY•Knt OTOV toµta IWV TllhBlKOlVWVlWV tvaVTl IWV xwpWv IOU Tp[JOU 
K6oµou. 
Ito nAa(oao twv oxtoeWv Tilt µe Tov Tplto K6oµo, ll En11ponn 6x1 µ6vo 16v1oe 
IllV OVQYKll etonlOllt OTOV Ioµta IWV IllAEnlKOlVWVtWV OUVEKitKnt OIPOillYtKnt 
vta Itt avan1uaa6µeve<; xWPEt aAAa Kat unoypaµµtoe 10 016xo Tilt xpnollt xwv 
6opu,optKWV OUOTllµatwv £ntKOlVWVtWv. Itlt avaKOtVWO£tt Tilt OXETtKa µ£ TllY 
Kotvo11Kn npootyy101l Tilt noAtttKnt 61ao1nµa1ot nou ava,tpov1a1 napanavw, n 
En 11ponn eeWPllOE 611 ll xpnon 1wv 6opu,op t KWv ouo1nµa1wv en 1 Kot vwv 1 wv ea 
nptnEl va IUXEl aµ£Ollt npoI£pat6IllIO<; OTOV Toµta Tilt aypoTtKnt Kat 
BEPt,EP£laKnt avanTU~llt KOl Tilt £VIOXUOf1<; TWV XWPWV IOU Tp(TOU K6oµou. 
M£Ta~u TWV XWPWV Tilt Kol V6TllTa<;, Ill<; M£OOYE (OU KO I Tilt A'p l Kn<; unapxe l 
161a(TEPO KOIV6 ouµ,tpov OIOV Ioµta TWV 6opucpop1KWV £ntKOIVWVIWV. A''ev6<;, 
Ol OXEOEl<;-nou txouv avantuxee( µeta~u Tilt Koav6tnta<; Kal TWV BEPlOOOTtpwv 
autWv xwpWv Elvat 161altEpa OTEve<;, ea ev1oxueouv 6£ Kat ea au~n9ouv aK6µ1l 
neptoo6TEPO A6yw IOU vtou 6uvaµ1aµou nou npOKUnTEl an6 TllV oAoKAnpwOll Tt'l<; 
EOWTEPtKnt ayopa<;. A''Ettpou, A6yw IOU yeyov6TOt 611 ll EupWBll Kat ll A,p1Kn 
XPllOlµOBOlOUV an6 KOIVOU Tl<; ouxv6TllTEt Kal Tf1V Ipoxaa OTllV (61a neptoxn 
Tilt ITU {BEPlOXn 1). H YEWypa,tKn EYYUTllt TOUAaxtOTOV OTllV nep(nTWOll TWV 
µEOOY£laKWV xwpWv £Bltptn£l enlon<; 0£ optoµtve<; n£plnTWoEl<; TllY Ko1vn 
KaAu~ll 1wv nEp1oxWv autWv Kat 61a,6pwv aAAwv EupwnalKWv nEptoxWv. 
Enoµtvw<;, ll 16 ta ( TEPll autn Ka1ao1aoll nptnE 1 va £~£taot£ I µe npoooxn Ka 1 
ana 1 TE ( TllV e~eupeon op 1 oµtvwv £ t 6 t KWv Auoewv Wot£ va avt 1 µetwn a oeouv o t 
avayKE<; 6Awv IWY £Y6la,£poµtvwv µepWv µ£ TOY KaAUTEPO 6uvat6 tp6no. 
(51) npaotVO BtfJA(o OXETlKQ µ£ TllY avanTU~ll Tilt KOtYftt ayopa<; TWV UnllPEOtWV Kat 
IOU £~onA1oµou OTOV Toµta IWV tnAEnlKOlVWVlWV, COM{87) 290 tdtK6 Int 
30.06.1987. 
-79 -
Ettl tou 11ap6vtoc;, txe' Ka8lepw8el otev"' ouvepyaola µetalu Tile; eupwtta"CK"'c; 
Ploµllxavlac; 6laOT"'µaTot Kal Twv apa(JlKWV xwpfi»v, OTllV rreplrrTfl>Oll tou 
OUOT"'µatoc; Arabsat, µe Tll XP"'Oll Tilt £UpwrralK"'c; T£XVOAoylat Kal TllV ayopa 
6uo 6opucp6pwv arr6 £vav £upwrra(o KataoKsuaot"'. o Arabsat 61lµOO(£UO£ 
teAeuta(a rrp6oKAnon yaa tnv urroPoA"' upoocpopwv yaa to 6opucpoptK6 Tou ouOTllµa 
6eut£Pllc; yev£at OtllV orro(a ea rrp£rre1 va avtarr0Kp18ouv rroAAol eupfl>rralo1 
KataoKsuaot£t 6opucp6pwv. 
H ouµpaoll Aoµ£ rrpoo,tp£1 £l6tK6 rrAalo10 ouvepyaolat rrou ouv6££t tllV 
Kol v6tllta µe rroUtc; avatttuoo6µ£v£c; xwp£c;. H Err t tpo11"' 61 ax£ l p ( teta l £pya 
tsxv1K"'t Kat XP1lµat1Knc; ouve;pyaolac; v1a tllV rrapox"' e;v1oxuoswv 0£ 61acpop£t 
XWP£t Tilt A'PlK"'t, Tile; KapalPlK"'t Kal TOU ElPllVlKOU CAKE) rrou txouv 
u11oypa,£1 tll ouµPaoll aut"'. r1a tllV Ko1v6t1lta, ll ouv£pyao(a aut"' avaµ£v£ta1 
6tl ea a11ot£A£( OUVEX"' a11altn01l OTOV toµ£a TWV 6opu,optKWV £TrlKOlVWVlWV, 
6£6oµtvou 6tl Ol TEXVlKEc; auttc; XPllOlµOttOlOUVTOl 0£ OUVEXWt £UPUT£PO 
11Aa lo lo oto rre;p l '£P£ l aK6 Ka l £8v l K6 £11I11£60 ot l c; v£sc; Pl oµllxav l Kee; Ka9wt 
Kal ava11tuoa6µ£v£c; xwp£c;. 
t>oov acpopa t1c; xwp£c; tile; K£vtp1K"'c; Ka1 N6t1ac; Aµ£p1Knc; Kaefi»c; Kaa t1c; xwpe;c; 
tile; Aolat, ll Ko1v6tnta ava11tuoo£1 ouve;pyaola a116 to 1976 11ou eewpe( 6t1 ea 
11PE11£l va £V1oxue£I. A6yw TWY OllµavtlK6TatWY a11a1t"'O£WY Kal TOU µ£yteouc; 
TWY oapavta ava11tuoo6µ£YWV XWPWV, 1tOU avtt11POOW11£U£l 0 11All9Uoµ6c; TWV 2300 
£Katoµµup(wv KatolKWY, n EttlTP011"' 9£Wp£( 6Tt ta TllA£TrlKOlVWVlOKQ 6opucpoplKQ 
ouot"'µata a11ot£Aouv rrpovoµ1aK6 µtoo y1a tllV KaAut£Pll aypotlK"' Kat 
11£Pl,£P£laK"' touc; ava11tUlll· 
I"'µ£pa, 11 Kol v6t11Ta Ex£ l avaAape; l , µat ( µ£ Tl<: XWP£<: TOU IuµcpWVOU TWV 
~V6£WV, µ£AET£c; OX£TlKO µ£ Tll 6nµ1oupy(a rraY11£Pl,£P£laKOU 6opucpoplKOU 
OUOTl\µatoc;, TOU CONDOR. 
IUV011TlKO, ll Ko1v6T1lTa ea 11PE11£l µ£AAOVTlKO OTOV Toµ£a aut6: 
va elao,aAloe1 oTevn ouvepyao(a, µe tov 11ao KaTaAAnAo tp6110, µe ttt 
XWP£<: Tll<: 11£PlOX"'<: 1 Tll<: ITU, Wot£ va elao,aA(o£l TOV a11apa(tflTO 
OUVTOVl0µ6 OX£TlKO µ£ ta £UPW110"iKa 6opucpop1Ka ouotl\µata KOl ta 
OUOT"'µaTa 110U U11GPXOUV 0£ aAAa µ£pll Tll<: 11£PlOXl\t aUT"'c;, 611wc; TO 
11poPA£1161.t£VO a,p l Kav l K6 6opu,op l K6 OUOT nµa £11' KO l Vfl>V 'WV ( RASCOM) 110U 
XPllµato6oT£ (ta' a116 op' oµ£v£c; a,p l KOV l KE<: XWP£<: Ka' OTO rrAa ( 0 l 0 TOU 
011o(ou ., ITU 11alt£1 p6Ao OUVTOVlOT"', 
va ouv£xlo£1 va 6lv£1 £µ,aoll OTll XP"'on Ka1, £V6£xoµ£vwc;, otnv ava11tulll 
TWV 6opucpop l KWV £11 l KO l vwv l WV OTO da ( 0 l 0 TWV KO' VOT l KWV rrpoypaµµatwv 
y1a TllV 11apox"' £v1oxuoe;wv oTac; ava11tuoa6µev£c; xwpsc;, 
-80 -
va £~ao,aAlo£1, 0£ y£v1K6T£po nAalo10, OT£vn 61£evn ouv£pyaola T6oo µ£ 
T 'c; 6' acpop£c; aH£c; J3 'oµnxav' KE<; xwp£c; 6oo Ka' µ£ T' c; avanTuoo6µ£V£c; 
XWP£<;, OTO nAalo10 Tl'lc; A1£evouc; 'Evwonc; TnhnlKOlVWVlWV, KUp(wc; 6oov 
acpopa Tl<; µ£AAOVTlKEc; ouv61aOKE,£lc; WARC, Kaewc; KOi µ£ Touc; 61£ev£lc; 
opyav1oµouc; TrtAen1Ko1vwv1aK<i>v 6opu'6pwv, WoT£ va £uvono£1 tic; aAAaytc; 
6nou auttc; £(va1 anapaltnt£c;, Aaµpavoµtvwv 6£6vtwc; un6'n Twv 161a(Tepwv 
ouµ,£p6vtwv Twv avantuoooµtvwv xwpci>v 6oov a,opa TflV 1o6pponn avantu~n 
TWV 6opucpoplKWV £WlKOlVWVlWV nayKooµlwc;. 
5 . nsp 11.,." 
H µ£AAovTtKn £~EAl~l'l KOi Ol pueµlo£1c; TWV 6opucpoplKWV £WlKOlVWVlWV OTl'lV 
Ko1v6TrtTa np£n£1 va £~£Ta~ovTa1 0£ ouvoA1K6 noA1T1K6 nAalo10. 
01 6opucpop1K£c; £n1Ko1vwvl£c; anoT£Aouv avaµ,10Pntnta tn onµavT1K6tepn 
£µnop1Kn £,apµovn Tl'lc; 61a0Tnµ1Knc; TexvoAovlac;. 
o 1 ouvoA 1 K£c; npoonae£ 1 ec; Tl'lc; Eupwna·r Knc; Ynnpeo lac; A 1 aotnµaToc; £we; To 2000 
ea av£Uouv 0£ 30 61O£KaToµµup1 a ECU n£p ( nou ntpa an6 Ta eev 1 Ka £upwna°f Ka 
npoypaµµaTa oTov Toµta Tou 61aoTnµaToc;. M£ Tac; 61a,op£c; y£v£tc; Ariane, n 
Eupci>m1 tx£1 KataKTno£1 navw an6 TO 60% n£plnou Tnc; nayK6oµ1ac; ayopac; 
£KTO~£UTWV. 
ITOV Toµta TWV 6opu,OplKWV TrtA£nlKOlVWVlWV, XilPl'l KUp{wc; OTl'lV £WlTUX{a TWV 
£PYOOIWV £peuvac; KOi avanTu£nc; Tfl<; Eupwna"fKnc; Ynnpeo{ac; A1aotnµatoc;, n 
Eupci>nn tx£1 avantu£e1 op10µ£vec; an6 Ttc; nAtov nponvµtv£c; 61aotnµ1Ktc; 
TE:XVOAOY ( £<;. Qot6oo, A6yw Tl'l<; £H£ l ,l'lc; avantu~nc; ayopac; eµnop l KWV 
6opu,oplKWV £nlKOlVWVlWV OTl'lV Eupci>nn, l'l e:upwna"fKri eto11 OTflV ayopa autri 
ouve:xl~e1 va elva1 ano6uvaµwµ£v'l oe: oxton µe: Ttc; aKµa~ouoe:c; ayoptc; twv HnA 
Kat tnc; lanwvlac;. 
H npooapµoyn TOU KOVOV 'OT' KOU nAa' 0 (OU TWV 6opu,op' Kci>v £n' KO' vwv 'ci>v OTl'lV 
Eupci>nn ea £ ( va 1 £noµtvwc; Ka9op 1OT1 Kri, 0£ µe:yaAo J3a9µ6, y 1 a nw e:µnop 1 Kri 
e:n1tuxla twv npoona8e:1ci>v nou KaTaJ3aAAe:1 n Eupci>n'l OTO ouvoA6 Tflc; np0Ke:1µ£vou 
va e£ao,aA(O£l µ1a µE:AAOVTlKn 9EO'l OTO 6tOOTflµa. 
En(onc;, ea e:(Val KaeoptOTlKr't Yla Tl'lV £WlTUX(a onµaVTlKOU µ£pouc; Tl'l<; 
nOAlTlKnc; onTlKOOKOUOTlKcdV µtowv Tfl<; Ko1v6tntac;, Kat OUYK£Kp1µtva TllY 
taxe:la Kae1tpwon tnc; TnAe:6paonc; v,nAnc; EuKp(ve:1ac; (HDTV) otnv Eupci>nn. 
npayµatl, e:(vat Y£VlKQ ano6e:KT6 6Tl Ol 6opu,6po1 ea anOTEAEOOUV TO 
onµavT1K6te:po apx1K6 µtoo µe:ta6oonc; via tnv Ka81tpwon tou ouotnµatoc; autou 
OTl'lV e:upwna"fKri KA{µaKa. 
-81 -
H µ£AAOVT&Kft avantutn Tf'lt KO&vftc; ayopac; 6opucpop&KWV £UlKOlVWVlWV anoKta 6An 
tn onµaola tnc; µ6vo 6tav £t£tateta& oto nAalo&o tnc; £uputspnc; supwna1Knc; 
6&aotaonc; TOU µ£AAovtlKOU supwna1KOU OlKOVOµ&KOU XWPOU Ka& TWV 8saµat&KWV 
aAAaywv tnc; Kevtp&Knc; Ka& AvatoA&Knc; Eupwnnc;. 
H taxs(a avantutn tnc; uno6oµftc; TWV £UlKOlVWVlWV Otnv Ksvtp&Kft Kal AvatoA&Kft 
Eupwnn £ ( va' anapa l trttrt y 'a trtv avaouyKp6tnon twv o 1 Kovoµ 'ci>v twv xwpci>v 
auTci>v. Ae6oµtvou 6T1 6ev unapxe& n KaTaAAnAn en(y£1a uno6oµn, n eAeu8£Prt 
avantutn TWV 6lKTUWV tepµatlKWV VSAT ea £UlTPECl'El TflV taxe(a np6o6o TWV 
xwpwv autwv. Ae6oµtvou 6t& op&oµtvec; xci>pec; tnc; EZEI et£A(ooovta& napaAAnAa 
npoc; tva n10 £Aeueepo neptPaAAov yta ta ouotn1Jata auta, n Ko1v6tnta, av 6ev 
y(vet avanpooapµovn tou Kavov&ot&Kou nAa&olou, ea onµ£&Wo£& Kaeuottpnon os 
ox ton µe t t c; stsA I ts t c; twv anwv xwpci>v tnc; Eupci>nnc; -npayµa nou ea 
napsµno6(oet TflV avantutn npayµaTtKa 6tsupwna1Kci>v ouotnµatwv. Iuyxp6vwc;, 01 
µstappueµ l os' c; nou txouv avaAncp8£ l an6 tnv Eupwna·cKn Iuv6 t aoKscpn twv 
AlOlKnoswv Taxu6poµs(wv Kat TnAEUlKOlVCl>VlWV OTOV toµta TWV npotunwv, Kaeci>c; 
Kal TOU OUVTOVlOµou Kal TOU npoypaµµatlOµou TWV ouxvotntwv -µg Tfl 
6nµ 'oupy (a tou ETSI acp' ev6c;, Ka8ci>c; Ka' tnc; Eupwna·cKnc; En' Tpom'lc; 
Pa6lO£UlKOlVWVlWV Kat tnc; EupwnalKnc; Ynnpeolac; Pa610£UlKOlVWVlWV acp'ETtpou 
-npoeTotµatouv TO t6acpoc; y&a Tn 6nµ1oupy(a KavovtottKou nAato(ou nou ea 
etaocpaAloet Tnv npoci>8non twv unnp£otci>v otnv supwna1Kt'I KAlµaKa. 
TtAoc;, n onµep&vn ouvoAtKt'I ettA1tn oto da(o10 t·nc; ITU Kat 01 apxtc; nou ea 
ouµcpwvneouv OTO nAa(OlO TWV 6tanpayµat£UOEWV TOU rupou tnc; Oupouyouanc; Tf'lt 
GATT ea 6lEUKOAuvouv tn µdAOVTlKO avantutn TWV 6opucpoplKWV £UlKOlVWVlWV 
navKooµ(wc;, aAAa Kat ea ana&Tt'loouv Tnv £vloxuon Tou ouvTov&oµou µetatu Twv 
KpaTci>v µeAci>v. H ana(Tnon autn acpopa T6oo To ouvTov10µ6 twv etoewv tvavt& 
twv cpoptwv napoxnc; Twv TP ( Twv xwpci>v, 6oo Ka 1 Tnv nepa' ttpw ouocp' vtn Twv 
oxto£WV OTOV Toµta auT6 IJE Tl c; XWPEC tnc; MEOOY£ 'OU, tnc; Acpp' Knc;' tnc; 
AatlVlKftc; Aµ£plKOC Kat aAAa µtpn TOU K6oµou. 
H Ko&v6tnta Kai Ol IJEOOYElaKtc; Kai acpp1KaV&Ktc; xci>p£c; txouv KOlVQ &61a(t£pa 
ouµcptpovTa OTOV toµ ta TWV 6opucpop l KWV £U' KO' V(l)V l ci>v A6yw, acp, £v6c;, TWV 
otevci>v oxto£wv nou txouv avantux9£( µetatu tnc; Ko&votntac; Ka& noAAci>v an6 
t&c; xci>p£c; auttc;, Ka8ci>c; Ka& Tf'lc; ouyxpnolac; Twv ouxvoTnTwv Ka& tnc; tpox&ac; 
otnv (6&a nep1oxn tnc; ITU an6 tnv Eupci>nn Kai tnv Acpp1Kn. 
-82 -
v. EnEKTAIH TON APXON THI KOINOTIKHI OOAITIKHI THAEnlKOINONION 
ITII AOPY.OPIKEI EnlKOINQNIEI 
To npao1vo B1l3Alo ox£r1Ka µ£ rnv avanru~n rnc Ko1vnc: ayopac rwv unnp£01wv 
Kal TOU £~onl1oµou OTOV Toµta TWV TnAenlkOIVWVlWV(52) e{xe napantµ~El OE 
µETayevtoT£Pll e~haon TlC 6opucpop1dc; en1Ko1vwvlec;. H ouva{veon nou txe1 
£WITeuxae{ µe 1'3aon TO npao1vo B11'3A{o Kai TlC µETayEYEOT£P£C noXITIKEC: 
ano.aOElC OX£TIKQ µ£ TO Y£VIK6 µeAAOVTIK6 KaYOVIOTIK6 nAa(o10 TOU toµta TWY 
TnAentK01vwv1wv oTnv EupwnalKn Ko1v6Tnta -01 onolec; eAn•anoav 16lwc; Kata 
Tfl OUV060 "TnAenlKOIVWV(ec;" TOU Iuµ1'3oul(ou TflC 7nc; 4£KEµ1'3p(ou 1989 -
µnopouv Twpa va anoTeAtoouv tn 13aon Ko1vnc atone; otov toµta twv pu9µloewv 
6oov a•opa TlC 6opu,op&Ktc en1Ko1vwvlec. 
H unoxptwon oAoKAnpwonc TflC Ko1vnc EOWTEPtKnC ayopac; TflAEnlKOlVWVIWV twc TO 
ttAoc Tou 1992 ea µnoptoe1 va £KnAnpw9el µ6vo av ouµ,wvn9e( Ko1v6 ouvoXo 
Kav6vwv. Ata,opeT&Ka, n Ko1vn ayopa ea ouvexloe1 va elva1 KaTaKepµaTtoµtvn, 
npayµa nou ea napeµno6loe1 Tnv avantu~n tnc eupwnaYKnC l31oµnxav(ac; 
6opu'6pwv. E161K6tepa, e(va1 avayKfl va en1Teuxeel eupe(a ouva{veon 6aov 
a,opa T&c; KaTeueuvoe1c, To ne6[o e•apµovnc Kai To xpovo61aypaµµa twv 
ana1touµevwv µtTpwv. H ouvalveon autn anoteAouoe µ1a an6 tic; np0Tepa16tntec 
tOU Opaotvou B11'3A(ou OTOV Toµta TWV tnAentKOIVWVtWV, TOU ono[ou ta 
KUP a 6tepa ouµnepaoµata £YKP ( 9nKav oµ6,wva an6 to ruµ1'3ouA 1 o Ynoupywv, oro 
~n•toµa Tou TflC 30nc; louvlou 1955(53) 6nou 6teuKptvl~eTat 6tt, otov toµta 
TWV 6opu,oplKWY £nlKOtYWVIWV, tvac an6 TOUC KUPtOUC Ot6xouc TflC noAtttKn<: 
tnAentKOtVWYtWV e(vat: 
110 Ka8optoµ6c KOtVnC atone; 6oov a•opa TtC 6opu.op1dc £nlKOlYWV(£c;, OUTWC 
ci»ot e to µtoo auT6 en t KO t vwv ( ac; va µnoptoe l va avantux 8£ { evt6c euvo ·a Kou 
neptl3aAlovToc; laµpavoµtvwv un6~n twv yev1Kwv Kav6vwv lettoupy{ac; Kai 
eKµeTalleuonc twv 6tKtuwv Ka9wc Kat twv Kav6vwv avravwvtoµou rnc ouv9nKnc; 
Kat rwv u,aoraµtvwv 61e8vwv unoxpeci»oewv twv Kparwv µeAwv". 
(52) npoc µta 6uvaµtKn eupwna·aKn otKovoµla -npao1vo Btl3Alo oxettKa µe rnv 
avanTu~n Tilt Kotvnc ayopac; rwv unnpeotwv Kat rou e~onltoµou orov roµta rwv 
tnAenlKOlVWVlWV, tyypacpo COM(87) 290 T£ltK6 Tf'lC 30.06.1987. 
(53) •n,aoµa TOU Iuµ1'3ouA(ou TllC 30nc louv(ou 1988 OXETtKO IJE TflV avanTU~ll TllC 
KOtvnc; ayopac; TWV UnflpEOtWV Kat TOU E~Onltoµou TfllEntKOlVWVtWV WC TO 1992, 
EEC 257 tnc; 04.10.1988, o. 1. 
-83 -
H £,apµoyn Tll( Y£V l Kn<: ouva I V£011( 11'0U he l £11' l T£UX8£ I OTOV TOIJEa TWV 
TrtA£1f 1 KO l vwv 1 wv y la Tl<: 6opuf0p l KE( £1f l KO l vwv ( £( nptne l va Pao (~£Ta l oe 
op&OIJEV£( Y£VIKE( aPXE(: 
TO µe:AAOVTIKO KaVOVlOTlKO trAa(olO OTO ono(o ea £Vtax8ouv Ol 6opucpoplKE( 
£11'1KOIV(l)V(£( 11'PE1f£l va 11A11po( Tl( KaVOVIOTIKE( 61ao,aAIO£l( 11'0U IJ11'0POUV 
Va £,apµ6touv Ta KPQTll µ£Art OTOV TOIJEa TWV Tl1A£11'1KOIVWVIWV OUIJ«pcoVa IJ£ 
Tll Y£V&Kn ouva(veon 11'0U Ex£l 1'1611 £1flT£UX9£( OTOV TOIJEa TWV 
T11A£11'lKOIV(l)VlWV, aAAa 6£V 11'PE11'£l va £lOQYEl Kavtvav £11'l11'AEOV 11'£PlOPlOIJ6 
ntpa atr6 TOU( 11'£Pl0Pl01JOU( 11'0U ouv6tovTal µ£ Tl( £l6lKE( OUV80K£( 11'0U 
£11'lKpatouv OTOV Toµta TWV 6opUfOPIKWV £11'lKOIV(l)VlWV, ecp6oov 
al T l oAoyouvTa l an6 TO KO I VOT l K6 6 (Ka l 0 -Ka l KUP ((I)( µ£ TOU( Kav6V£( 
avTaywvaoµou -Kat Tl( 61e8velt 6eoµeuoe1(, 
TO KaVOVIOTIKO auT6 trAa(oao 11'PE11'£1 Va £~ao,aA(t£1 Tll 6uvaµ1Kft avatrTU~ll 
TOU £11'1YEIOU Kai 61aOT1llJIKOU TµftµaTO( Tll( Ko1v6TrtTa( Kai va 
avTa1l'OKPlV£Tal OTI( np0Unoeto£l( 11'0U atralTOUVTal 11'POK£11JEVOU va 
µnoptoouv 01 en1xs1pfto£l( va AeaToupyftoouv OTO trAaloao Tilt Koavn<: 
ayopa<; Tou 1992. Enlon<:, nptne1 va en1Tptne1 OTrtv Ko1voT1Kn P10µ11xavla 
61aoTft1JaTot va avanTuxesl nAftpw<; OTov Toµta auT6, Ka9wt Kai va 
unooT11plte:1 TllV noA1T1Kn nou aKoAou8£( 11 Ko1v6TrtTa yaa tvav Ko1v6 
011'TIKOaKOUOTIK6 XWPO, 
11'PE11'£l va £,apµ6t£1 nAftpw( TO KOIVOTIK6 6(Ka10 OTOV toµta auT6. H 
Ko1v6T11Ta 6ev µnope( va str1Tp£~£1 -OUT£ va avex8el -tov anoKA£10µ6 
£VO( TOoo tWTIKOU Toµta atr6 Tll AEITOUpy(a Tll( £Vta(a( ayopa( n atr6 TllV 
nAnp11 e'apµovn Twv Kav6vwv nou 61tnouv TllY ayopa auTn. 
tTO npaOlVO BtPAlo OX£TlKQ IJE TllV QVQ11'TU~l1 Tilt KOlVft( ayopa( TWV U1fl1PEOlWV 
Kai TOU £~011'Al01JOU OTOV Toµta TWV TrtA£11'lKOlV(l)VlWV U11'£V9uµltovtal Ta 
KaTaAArtA6T£pa ap8pa Tll( OUV9ftK11( OTOV TOIJEa TWV TllAEtrlKOIVWVlWV: 
TO aptpo 30T yaa TllV £YKa9(6pU011 Ka9£0TWTO( 11'0U Va £~ao,aAft£l av68£UTO 
avTaywv10µ6 £VT6t Tilt Ko1vn<: ayopa<;, 
TO ap8po 5 OUIJcpctVa µ£ TO Otrolo Ta Kpatrt IJEArt O,£(Aouv va £K11'Al1PWVOUV 
tit unoxpeci>o£1<: Tout nou anopptouv an6 Tll ouv8nK11, 
TO ap8po 8A 11'0U ana1T£( TllV oAoKAftpwon Tll( £(J(l)T£PlKft( ayopa( EW( TllV 
3111 A£K£1J(Jplou 1992, 
01 61ata~£l( 11'0U atopouv TllV £Asu8e:pn KUKAotopla TWV £1J11'0PEUIJQTWV, Kai 
16(w( Ta ap8pa 30 EW( 36, 
-84 -
TO ap9po 37 nou analT£( Tf'l 61appu8µ1011 TWV KpaTIKWV µovonwAfwv 
sµnop1Kou xapaKTftpa Kaa anayopeuea Tl'l 611µ1oupy(a vtwv KpaTaKwv 
µovonwA(wv eµnop1Kou xapaKTftpa, 
01 61aTa~s1c; nou acpopouv Tl'lV eAsu9sp(a napoxnc; unnpeoawv Kat 
eyKaIOOiaonc;, Kat 16(wc; Ia ap9pa 52 twc; 66, 
Ot 6taIO~£lc; WOU acpopOUV IOV av1aywv10µ6, Kat t6(wc; Ia ap9pa 85, 86 Kat 
90, 
01 61a1a~e1c; nou acpopouv 1nv Kotvn eµnopaKn noA1T1Kn, Kat 16lwc; ta 
ap9pa 110 twc; 116, 
Ot Y£VtKtc; 6taTO~£tc; yta If'lV npootyyaon IWV voµo8£TlKWV, KavovtOTlKWV 
Kat 6tOtK11TtKWV 6tata~£WV TWV KpaTWY µsAwv nou EXOUY aµeoec; £ntnIW0£lc; 
Oil'lV £yKa9(6pUOl1 ft A£tIOUpy(a Tf'lc; KOtvftc; ayopac;, Kat t6(wc; TO ap9po 100 
A. 
ntpa an6 ta ap9pa auta, nptne 1 va Ancp9ouv un6cp11 ne:pa 1 dpw e:pyao ( e:c;, Ka 1 
t 6 l we; o t apxtc; nou op l ~ovTa t ot t c; Kateu9uvtftp t ec; o6nv ( sc; tnc; En 1 tponnc; 
oxettKa µs tnv ecpapµovn Twv Kav6vwv avtaywv1oµou otov toµE:a Twv 
Tf'lhn l KO l vwv t WV ( 54) • Ka8wc; Kat noHE:c; 61 aTO~£ l c; KO l YOT l KOU 61 Ka (OU OTOV 
ToµE:a TWV Tl1A£ntKOtVWYtWV nou WPOKUWTOUV an6 Tf'l voµoAoy(a Kat TO napaywyo 
6(Kato Ka8wc; Kat Tl'lY £cpapµoyft TOU npaotvou BtPA(ouC55), 6nwc; M£Iglu gAAwy: 
11 o6nvla Tl'lc; EntTponnc; tnc; 1611c; Matou 1988, oxst1Ka µe 1ov avtaywv10µ6 
Otte; ayoptc; Tl1A£nlKOIVWYlaKWV TepµaTtKWV (88/301/EOK)C56), 
n o6ny(a 1ou IuµPouAlou Tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990, yaa Tl'l 611µ1oupy[a tnc; 
£0WI£PtKtic; ayopac; OTOV ToµE:a TWV Tl1A£nlKOlYWVlOKWV unnp£OlWV µtow tnc; 
ecpapµoyftc; 111c; napoxnc; avotKTOU 6tKTUOU (90/387/EOK)C57), 
n 0611yla 111c; En11ponnc; 1nc; 28nc; louvlou 1990 oxe11Ka µs 1ov av1avwv10µ6 
Otte; ayoptc; TWV 111AentKOlVWYtaKWV unnpeotwv (90/338/EOK)C58), 
Kat npOTOO£ t c; 0611y ( ac; nou txouv Mn anotsAtoe: l avT' KE ( µsvo KO t vnc; atone;. 
Kat t 6 (we;: 
(55) npoc; µaa KOtvn av1aywvtOTlKti ayopa OIOY toµta TWV tnAentKOlVWVlWV twc; TO 
1992 -£tpapµoyfl TOU npaOlYOU BtPAfou OX£TIKO IJE Tl'lV avanTU~f'l Tf'l<; KOtvtic; 
ayopac; IWV unnpe:o1wv Kat TOU e:~onAaoµou OTOV Toµta TWV tnAe:ntKOlYWVIWY, 
COM(88) 48 111c; 09.02.1988. 
(56) EEL 131 tnc; 27.05.1988. 
(57) EE l 192 111c; 24.07.1990, o.10. 
(58) EEL 192 1nc; 24.07.1990, o.10. 
-85 -
n np6taon o6nvlac; tou IuµPouA(ou oxctaKa µc tnY npoatvvaon twY 
YOIJ08£0 I WY TWY l<POTWY µe:Awy OX£T I Ka µ£ touc; T£pµaT I Kouc; £~onA I oµouc; 
tnhn1Ko1YwY1wY, Ka8wc; Kaa tnY aµoapa(a aYayYwpaon tnc; ouµµ6pf(a)Onc; 
touc;C59), 
1<a8wc; Kat n aoxuouaa Yoµo8cala otouc; ouYa,c(c; toµclc;: 
n np6taan o6ny(ac; TOU IuµpouA(ou n£p( TWY 61a61KaOIWY aYa8£onc; 
ouµPao£wY an6 cpop£ ( c; nou nap£xouY unnpca (cc; otouc; toµ£ ( c; tWY u6atwY, 
tnc; £Ytpy£1ac;, TWY IJ£Ta,opwy KOi TWY tnA£WIKOIYWYIWV 
(90/531/EOK)C60), 
n o6ny(a tou IuµPouA(ou yaa to ouYtoY10µ6 opaoµtYwY Yoµo8£ttKWY, 
KaYOYIOtlKWY Kai 6101KnttKWY 6tata~£WY TWY KPaTWY µ£AWY OX£TlKa µ£ tnY 
ao1<non tnA£0WTlKWV 6paotnpaotntwv (89/552/EQK.)(61), 
n o6ny(a TOU IuµpouA(ou OXETlKO µ£ tn 8£onaon KOIVWV TEXVlKWV 
npo61aypa.WY 6ooY acpopa tnv 011<oytyc1a twv npotunwv naKtta/MAC yaa tac; 
ancu8c(ac; tnAcont11<tc; µcta66oc1c; µtow 6opuf6pou {86/529/EOK)C62), 
n o6nyla tou IuµPouA(ou yaa tnv npoatyy1on twv Yoµoecaawv twY 1<patwY 
µcAwv axct11<a µs tnv nAsKtpoµayvnt1Kn ouµPat6tnta C89/336/EOK)C63>. 
Otav ta µttpa auta 6£V £•apµ6~ovtal aµcoa Otte; 6opucpop11<tc; £Wll<OIYWY(£c;, n 
1<01Yot1Kn npoatyyaon otov toµta aut6 ea nptnca Ya Aaµpavc1 un6c,n tac; apxtc; 
nou 6atnouv tn voµo8cola autn. E1611<6tcpa, ea nptnca: 
Ya en 1tptns1 os 6Aouc; touc; 'ops ( c; nou ouµµ£TtxouY otnY ayopa, t6oo 
otnY ayopa upµat a KWY 6oo Ka a atnY ayopa twY unnpco a WY, Ya 
xpna1µono1ouv nAnpwc; tac; 6uvat6tntsc; twv vtwy t£XY0Aoy1wY, 
Va nsp lop ( 0£ l , y la TO OKOn6 aut6, Tl'lV £,apµoyn TWV anoKA£ I OT l KWV n 
e:161KwY 61Ka1wµatwv Kaa Ya avtaKataornoe:1 ta 6aKaawµata auta µe: 
ouotnµata tK6oonc; a6e:awv 6tav n 6aatnpnon KavoY1ot1KwY 6aao,aAloe:wY 
e:IYat npoc; to 6nµ6oao ouµ,tpoY, 
Ya c~ao,aA ( oe: a tov nAnpn 6 a axwp a oµ6 twY Kavov a at a Kwv Ac a toupy a WY Ka a 
twY Acatoupyawv e:KµctaAAcuonc; npoKe:aµtYou va anotpanouv ouyKpouocac; 
ouµ,e:p6Ytwv Kat n v68e:uon tou aYtaywYaoµou Kat TWY ayopwv. 
(59) TpononoanµtYn np6taon, EE c 187, tnc; 27.07.1990, o.40. 
(60) EEL 297, tnc; 29.10.1990, o.1 
(61) EEL 298 tnc; 17.10.1989, o.23. 
(62) EEL 311 tnc; 03.11.1986, a.28. 
{63) EEL 139 tnc; 23.05.1989, a.19. 
-86 -
01 µeyaA01 £1tlY£101 OTa8µo( uou xpno1µ01101ouvTa1 OTa OUOTnµaTa INTELSAT Kai 
EUTELSAT y1a Tl'lV TOA£lp(l)V(a 0£ µeyaAec; a1100Taoe1c; Kai Tl'lV avTaAAavn 
Tl1AE01tTIKWV upoypaµµaTWV avnKaV avtKa8£V OTOU<; opyav1oµouc; Tl1A£1tlKOIVWYIWY, 
nou e~ao9aA1~av enlonc; Tl'lV £Kµ£TaAAeuon Touc;. ITo µtAAoY, 01 nep1oo6Tepo1 
enfye101 oTa9µof, 6nAa6n to Kup16Tepo Tµnµa tnc; ayopac;, ea anoteAouYTa1 an6 
µ1Kpa tepµataKa, eq»o61aoµtva µe KEpa(ec; 61aµtTpou 0,5 twc; 2,5 µttpwv <PAtue 
K£q»aAato 111). Ta TEpµaTtKa VSAT £VTQOOOYTat Y£VtKa OTIW KaTnyop(a auTn. 
noT6oo, n tvvoaa TOU 11µ1Kpou T£pµaTlKOU11 e(va1 6UOKOAO va op1oeel trOOOTlKa 
Kat np0Uno8tte1 TOY Ka8op10µ6 opfou y1a tn 61aµeTpo tnc; Kepaf ac;, tT01 wot£ 
va µuopouv va 61acpopono1118ouv ta tepµataKa auta an6 touc; µeyaAouc; 
eu(ye1ouc; ota9µouc; nou avaq»tpovTaa uapanavw. o Ka8op10µ6c; uap6µolou opfou 
ea OTaV au8a(p£TOc; Kai µnope( Va aAAa~EI 0£ OUVOPTl'lOl'l µe Tl'lY teXYOAoyaKn 
np6o6o. EuoµtYwc;, 6eY 11p£11e1 -Kaa 6eY µnope( -va xp1101µ01101e(ta1 yaa tOY 
trpoo61op10µ6 TOU KaVOVlOTIKOU trAa1ofou trOU ea £q»apµ6~£Tal y1a ta T£pµaTlKa 
auTa. 
Ta Kpttflpaa 61a9opouol11011c; µua{u TWY 61acpopeT1KwY tuuwv eu(ye1wv 
TepµaTtKWV 6opu96pou 6ev ea nptue1 enoµtvwc; va txouv oxton µe TO µtye86c; 
Touc;, ana µe Tl'l AUTOUoy(a y1a Tl'lV ono(a txouv oxe61a0Te(, upayµa nou 
µnope( va aua1t£l 61acpopeT1Ktc; KavoYtOTtKtc; 61ao9aA(oe1c;: 
Tepµat 1 Ka M'Pn<: T11Aeon 1 Kwv q1uxavwv 1 KWY EKuoµuwv ( 6opuq»6po a au' euee i ac; 
µeta60011c; Kat TEpµaTtKQ au'eu9e(ac; Anq1nc; OTO oulTI -tepµaTIKQ DBS Kai 
DTH), 
-6opu9op1Ka TnAe111Ko1vwv1aKa TepµaTtKa µ6vo Anq1nc; (ouµnep1AaµPavoµtvwv twv 
KlVl'lTWV U1tl1P£0lWV, TOU 11poo61op1oµou 8£011c; K.Au.) uou XPl'lOlµonOlOUVTal 
y 'a OKOUouc; aAAouc; £KT6c; an6 Tfl An'Pn tnh:onT' KWV cpuxavwv I KWV £KUOµtrwv 
y1a, 
-TepµataKa £K110µ11nc;/Ancp11c; yaa tic; aµ9f6poµec; epyaofec; couµuep1AaµPavoµ£ywv 
TWV KlVl'lTWV U1t11P£01WV, TOU trpoo61op1oµou 9£onc; K.Atr.), 
-KEVTPIKouc; eu(yeaouc; oTa9µouc; eAtvxou (hub stations> via Ta 161wT1Ka 
ouoTnµata T£pµat1KwY. 
-87 -
2.1. l£0UQilKQ A6wnc IDA£0UilKWy wuxgywy&KWy EKnounWy 
H npoµn81ta, n 1yKataotaon, n t6toKtnola, n cKµstaAAsuon Kat n ouvtnpnon 
tspµat1Kwv µ6vo An•nt DBS Kai DTH nou txouv µ£A£tn8£( yaa tn An•n 
Tl'lAEOUTlKWV •uxaywylKWV £KnoµnWv txouv n6n £A£U8£pW8£l 0£ µgyaAo Pa8µ6 Ota 
n1paoo6t1pa Kpatn µ£An. Ito nap£A96v, wot6oo, n Enatponn tnp£ns va 
avaµ£twn(o1a opaoµtv£t Katayy£Al£t nou KattAn~av 0£ 6aa6aKaol£t napapaont 
Kata opaoµtvwv KpatWv µeAwvC64). ItaC n£paoo6t£P£t an6 tat uno8to£at 
auttt, TO £Y£X61J£VO KPOTOt µtAot 6tx8nK£ va £A£U8£pWo£l tnv ayopa 
tspµat a KWv µ6vo An•nt c PAtne KecpaAa 1 o 1 I >. Ta t£pµat a Ka auta µnopouv va 
9swpn8ouv wt avaea KatavaAwont nou nAnpouv AE a toupy (a nap6µo a a µs su l vn 
twv napa6ooaaKWv £~wtspaKWv Kspa1Wv yaa tn An•n £n(ys1wv unnpsotwv 
pa6aocpca>VlKWV KOl tnAsontlKWY µsta66oswv. ITO npaoavo Ba(JA(o OX£TlKa µs Tl'lV 
avantU~fl tnt KOlVOt ayopat TWV UUflP£0lWV Kat TOU £~onAl01JOU OTOV TOIJEO TWV 
tnhn1Koavwvtwv unsveuµ(~stat 6t1 "ouµcpwva µs Il'l ysvaKn taon nou 
6 l acpa (VETO l OTflV Eupwnn tWpa, 6£V 9a anal T£ (Ta l fl EK6001'1 a6£ lat Y la Tl t 
oaKaaKtt syKataotaosat µ6vo An•nt CTVRO) nou txouv oxe61ao8s( yaa tn An•n 
twv unnpsoawv DBS C6opucp6pou an'eu9elat pa6totnAeontaKwv µeta66oe:wv) u•nAnt 
lOXUO(". 
To np6PAnµa aut6 acpopa aµsoa tout 6opucp6pout DBS nou houv £Kto~su9s I 
T£A£uta(a (TDF-1 KOi 2, TV-SAT-2, BSB-1, TELEX-X, OLYMPUS), KOl IOU( 
6opucp6pout nou xpnoaµonotouvtat yta tnv napoxn unnpsoawv 6nwc; ASTRA via tnv 
an'e:uee:lat µsta6oon oto onlta , Kaewt Kat tout 6opucp6pout 6sut£Pflt ysvsat 
EUTELSAT Kat TELECOM. Iuµcpwva µs Tl( £Ktaµnost(, unapxsa 6uvnt1Kn ayopa 100 
£Katoµµup (WV T£pµaT l KWV OTflV Eupwnn, £K TWV ono (WV 4 tw.; 20 £Katoµµup' a 
t e:pµat a KWv DBS Ka a DTH npol3 Un et a a 6Tt ea nwA n 9ouv twt To 1996. E ( va a 
npocpavtt 6ta n Koav6tnta ea µnopeosa va snwcpsAnOsl an6 tnv ayopa autn µ6vo 
av Katapvneouv oa KavovaotaKo( nsp1op10µ0( otout ono(out un6Ks1ta1 n ayopa 
autn. 
2.2. TnAsn1Ko1ywy1gKg 6oouwoo1Kg tspugtaKg u6yo Aownc 
Avtfesta µ£ ta TspµataKa DBS n DTH, Ta TflhUlKOlVWVlaKa TspµattKa µ6vo 
An•nt ea apaotonoaneouv yaa tn An•n onµatwv 6s6oµtvwv Kaa c,wvntaKWv onµatwv 
an6 onµs(o os noAAanAa onµs(a, ouµnspaAaµpavoµtvwv twv tnAsonttKwv 
IJE:Ta66oswv (un6 avaAoytKn n •ncpaaKn µopcpn). not6oo, n ouvoAaKn Asttoupy(a 
twv 6uo autwv Katnyoptwv snlvsawv ota9µwv napouoaa~st noAAtt 0µ016tnte:t. 
H xpnon nap6µo t wv te:pµat a Kwv ya a tat unnpe:o (st an6 onµs ( o os noAAanAa 
onµs(a 6sv £VEX£l Kavtva K(v6uvo yta IOU( AotnOU( XPnOt£( n cpops(( 
sKµstaAA£uont sn(ystwv ota9µwv 6s6oµtvou 6ta ta tspµattKa auta 6sv 
6aa9£touv 6uvat6tntet £Knoµnnt. 
t>nwt txst ens~nvnesl napanavw (KscpaAato 111 >, ot unnpeolst auttc; slvaa 
y1vaKa vtou tunou Kat 6sv naptxovtat an6 ta ouµPattKa µtoa. 
(64) BAtns via napa611yµa tnv tKTl'l stnota tKOson tou EupwnaTKou KoavoPouAlou 
OX£TlKO µg TOY tAsyxo Tl'l( scpapµovnt IOU KOlVOTlKOU 6tKalou -1988, EE c 330 
tnc; 30.12.1989, 0.1, onµsla 90 Kat 99. 
-88 -
2.3. T£ougt1Kg £Knoun6ctAOwnc 
Ito 6t£9vtc; £tt(n£60, £lvat Ka9t£pwµtvn npaKTtKt'I va anatt£ltal a6£ta yaa tn 
A£ttoupy(a TWV aoupµatwv noµnWv. Enoµtvwc;, £(vat nt9av6 6tt 9a tOXU£l TO 
(610 Kat yta ta µtKpa t£pµattKa nou µuopouv va £Kntµnouv -Kat va Aaµpavouv 
-onµata, WOT£ VO £~aocpaA t 090UV n Oea>Otft 6 t a8£0n Ka l 0 OUVTOV t oµ6c; TWV 
ouxvotntwv, va n£p1op108ouv 01 £V6£x6µ£v£c; nap£µPoAtc; oe ano6£KT6 £nf n£6o 
Kat, oe optoµtv£c; neptntWoetc;, va ylv£1 yvwott'I n y£wypacp1Kt'I eton tou 
T£pµattKOU. To yeyov6c; 6Tt anatt£ltat n tyKp1on TUUOU TOU I£pµaitKOU Kat n 
ouvtt'lpnon tou ouµcpwva µs upoKa9op 1 oµtvo tp6no £ l va 1 £n lone; at T t oAoynµtvo 
A6yw tou 6nµ6oaou ouµcptpovtoc; yta tnv KaAn A£ttoupy(a tou noµnou. 
2.4. K£VTOIKO( £n(y£l0t QTgBuol £Atyxou y1g Ta 6f KTUQ 6opuwootKWy T£QUQTtKWV 
Ta anoµaKpuoµtva I£pµaTtKa TWV t6tWTtKWV 6tKIUWV t£pµaTtKWV tnc; onµepavnc; 
Y£V£ac; (11aKttVWTWV 6tKTUWV11
) £UtKOtVWVOUV ouvf)8wc; µ6vo µtow K£VTPIKOU 
KoµPtKou £nly£tou 01a8µou, nou ££aocpaAl~et 1nv an0Ka1ao1aon twv nepatttpw 
ouv6to£wv.Ta anoµaKpuoµtva tepµattKa 6ev £ntKotvwvouv an'£u9£lac; µ£1a£u 
1ouc;. H npooexnc; vevea 6tKtuwv C"6tKtuwv nAtyµa1oc;") ea npoocptpet 1n 
6uvat6tnta autn. not6oo, 01 6uo tuno1 611<1uwv ea 6aaettouv Aeatoupyfa 
K£VTP 1 Kou eAtvxou. r 1 a touc; oKonouc; tou nap6vtoc; eyypacpou, we; K£VTP t K6c; 
enlyeaoc; otaeµ6c; Chub station) voeltaa o £nly£1oc; ota9µ6c; nou n£p1AaµPavet 
tn A£11oupy(a K£VTPIKOU £Atvxou IOU 6tKTUOU. 
tvac; £ttf Y£10t; K£VtptK6c; Ota9µ6c; £(Vat navta aµcp(6poµoc; (6nAa6n £Knoµnnc; Kat 
An'i'n<:> Kat, an6 1nv an0Q1n 1ou £~onA1oµou, elvaa nto noAunAoKoc; an6 tva 
anoµaKpuoµtvo I£pµaTtK6 IOU 6tKTUOU, Kat otnv U£p(n1won TWV aKtlVWTWV 
6tKIUWV 0 K£VIPtK6c; Ota9µ6c; 6taett£t µeyaAUT£Pn lOXU £Knoµnnc; Kat 
µ£yaAut£po XPnoaµonott'lotµo £upoc; ~wvnc;, npayµa nou £lvaa anapal1n10 
UPOK£tµtvou va A£ttoupyfto£t we; K£VTPtKt'I £YKataotaon £UlKOtVWVtWV. Enoµtvwc;, 
£(Vat 6uvat6 va anatt£( Y£VtK6T£Pn a6£ta. 
-89 -
2.5. Kgrgoynon TWY gnoKAelQTIKWY 6 £161KWY 61Kg1wugrwy 
Mera Tn 6nµooleuon rou npao1vou BaPAlou, n En1Tponr'l teeo1 01 e,apµoyr'l TO 
or6xo rnt va eA1u8epW011 rnv ayopa rwv r1pµar1KWv elonAaoµwv µe Tn etonaon 
rnc; ocSnylac; 88/301/EOKC65) nou npol)Un1t rnv Katapvnon 6Awv twv 1161Kwv 
Kat anoKA11ot1Kwv 61Ka1wµarwv 6oov atQpa tnv napoxr'l repµat1Kwv 1lonA1oµwv. 
H o6nvla autr'l npotPAens op1oµtv1c; µeraPat1Ktc; n1p166ouc; Kata tac; onolec; ra 
Kparn µtAn ea tnpene va ouornµatono1noouv Kai va 6nµoa11uoouv Tl<; texv1K£c; 
npo61aypa,tc; Kai Tic; 61a61Kaoiec; tyKptonc; Iunou TWV repµatlKWV ElonA1oµWv. 
H IEAeurala an6 tac; n1p166ouc; auttc; tAnle or1c; 30 louvlou 1990. Enoµtvwc;, n 
napoxn tepµar 1 KWv elonA 1 oµWv ouµ,wvwv npoc; I 1 c; T£XV 1 de; npo61 aypa,tc; 6ev 
µnope( nAtov va n1p1opl~eta1. 
To etµa nou d9etat e6W e(vat av n ayopa rwv en(y11wv ora9µWv 6opucp6pwv 
nptn11 va £l£TQ~£Tal µe TOV (610 Tp6no 6nwc; ,, ayopa TWV ouµPaTIKWV 
TEpµaTIKWV £lonA1oµWv. t:>trwc; ava,tp£Tal OTO K£,aAa10 I I, 01 1n(ye101 OTa9µo( 
µ6vo Ancpnc; nou 6ev ouv6tovta 1 µe ro 6rw6o 1 o 6 I Kruo ev6c; Kparouc; µHouc; 
ouµnEptAaµl)aVOVTal µETalu TWV TEpµaTtKWV ElonAaoµwv ouµ,wva µ£ TO ap9po 1 
Tf1c; o6nylac; 88/301/EOK Kat, enoµtvwc;, naptxovTat n6n xwp(c; Kavtva 
nep1op10µ6. 
'Etoa. ro epwrnµa nou anoµtv11 1(va1 av 01 .fo1"0/ 1n(y1101 6opu,op1Ko{ 
ota9µo{ nptn11 va 1l1ra~ovra1 Kara Tov {610 rp6no µ£ rove; 1n(y11ouc; 
6opu,op1Kouc; oTa8µouc; µ6vo Ancpnc;. H anavrnon oTo epWrnµa aur6 ea nptn11 va 
Paoaotel oro ap8po 30 tnc; ouv9nKnc; nou anayop1u11 rouc; noaor1Kouc; 
nep1op1oµouc; en{ rwv 11oaywywv, Ka8wc; Kat 6Aa ra µtrpa 1006uvaµou 
anoreAtoµaroc;, µeralu rwv Kpatwv µeAwv. rro Pa9µ6 nou 01 1n(y1101 
6opu,op1Kol ora9µo( 61atl8evta1 v6µ1µa otnv ayopa ev6c; Kparouc; µtAouc;, ea 
nptn11, Kat' apxnv. va KuKAo,opouv eAeu9epa oro ouvoAo tnc; Ko1v6Tntac;. 
To ap9po 37 tnc; ouv9r'1Kn<: oKon6 txe 1 va Katapynoe 1 , we; npoc; rouc; 6pouc; 
1'061aoµou Kat eµnop1Knc; 61a81onc;, ono1a6nnore 61aKp1on µsralu rwv noAtTWv 
twv KpatWv µeAWv nou o,e(Aetat oe 1<pat1Ka µovonWA1a 1µnop1Kou xapaKtr'lpa. Av 
tva Kpatoc; µtAoc; 6nµ1oupyf1011 n 61arnpno11 µovonWA10 y1a Tf1V napoxn 
snly11wv 6opu,op11<Wv ora9µWv, 01 xpnoTec; 6sv ea µnopouv nAtov va entAE:youv 
eAeu9epa tov 1lonA10µ6 nou avtan0Kpiveta1 n1p1oa6repo Otte; avay1<1c; rouc; an6 
anocpnc; ttµr'lc; Kat no16tnrac;, ave~aprnra an6 rnv npotAeuoft rou. EntnAtov, 
6oov a'opa rouc; KataoKeuaortc; 1n(ye1wv 6opu,op1Kwv ora9µWv rwv AoanWv 
1<patWv µeAWv, µnope I va anayopeu9£ ( n np6oPaoti touc; ornv ayopa autt\ t\, 
TOUAOXlOTOV, va nepatAeouv OE µ£lOV£KTlKr'l eton OTOV roµta IOU avtaywvtoµou 
6oov a,opa rnv 1µnop1Kn 61a81on rou 1lonA1oµou rouc;. 
(65) 06nvla rnc; Enarponnc; rnc; 16nc; Matou 1988 ox1r1Ka µe rov avraywv10µ6 ortc; 
ayoptc; Tf1A£nlKOlVWVlaKWY TEpµaTlKWV (88/301/EOK), EEL 131 tnc; 27.05.1988, 
o.73. 
-90 -
KaTa ouvtne 1 a, Ta KpaTn µtAn 6Ev µnopouv nAtov va e~apTouv Tnv napoxn 
E1TlY£lWV 6opu,op1KWV OTa9µwv an6 £va tJOV01TWA10. 01 XPnOTEc; KOi 01 ,opelc; 
napoxnc; unnpE01wv np£ne1 Enoµ£vwc; va µnopouv va enw,eAouvTa1 an6 µ1a EVtala 
Ko1vn ayopa y1a oAou, Touc; Tunouc; 6opu,op1Kwv enlyE1wv oTa9µwv. 
Ta 6opu,op1Ka TEpµaTIKa Elva1, an6 Texv0Aoy1Knc; Kai Ae1Toupy1Knc; nAeupac;, 
ave~apTnTa an6 Tnv uno6oµn Tou 6nµ6o 1 ou en l YE 1 ou 61 KTuou. ITo Pa9µ6 nou 
op1oµtvo1 Tuno1 enlye1wv 6opucpop1Kwv oTa9µwv xpno1µono1ouvTa1 yaa Tnv 
napoxn unnpE01wv nou ea µnopouoav va ouvexloouv va un6KE1vTa1 OE 
anoKAE l OT l Ka Ka l el 61 Ka 61 Ka l wµaTa' n XPl/017 TWV en (YE l WV aUTWV ota9µwv 
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E~aptata1 n eµnop1Kn 61a8eon Twv e~onAaoµwv autwv an6 µovonwA10, 6e6oµtvou 
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AEttoupylec;, EK Twv onolwv 01 nep1006tepec; ea anoteAouv µtpoc; tou 
eAeu9epwµtvou Toµta. 
IE ouyKp 1 on µe tn 6nµ 1 oupy la µovonwA l ou, o 1 nEp 1op1 oµo l tnc; xpnonc; twv 
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ene~nye(Tat napaKaTw, e161Ktc; 61ao,aAloe1c; ana1TouvTa1 µ6vo yaa Ta 
T£pfJOTIKa eK1TOtJ1Tnc;/An~nc; Kat, £1TOµ£vwc;, ta T£pµaTtKa auta 1TPE1T£l va 
unoPaAAovTal 0£ 61a61Kao(a EK6oonc; a6e1ac;. 
Ta T£pµaTIKa 1TOU £~ao,aAltouv µ6vo tn An~n tnA£01TTIKWV ~uxaywylKWV £K1TOtJ1TWV 
(TVRO) KOi Ta tnAe1TlKOIVWYlaKa tepµaTtKa µ6vo An~nc; 6ev 1TpE1T£1 va 
unoPaAAovTat oe Kavtva nep1op10µ6 Kat, enoµtvwc;, 6ev nptne1 va unoPaAAovTa1 
oe 61a61Kao{a EK6oonc; a6e1ac;. 
3. AtKal..._.a XPitonc/wapox~t uwnpsotMv 
Mia an6 tic; f3ao1Ktc; apxtc; nou 61tne1 Tnv noA1T1Kn wpootyyaon Tnc; Ko1v6tntac; 
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Touc; ,ope{c; nou ouµµettxouv oTnv ayopa va xpno1µono1ouv nAnpwc; To 
teXVOAoy1K6 6uvaµ1K6. ITO npaOIVO BtPAlo U1T£V9uµltetal 6Tt "TO A1Kaotnp10 
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TOU 6tKTUOU va £1TW,£AOUVTal nAnpwc; an6 tic; vtec; 6uvat6tntec; 1TOU 1TP00,EP£l 
n texv0Aoy1Kn np6o6oc; (un68eon 41/83 British Telecom, Enatponn Kata 
ltaAlac;, Tnc; 2onc; Maptlou 1985)" Ka1 unoypaµµlteTa1 6T1 "n a1T10A6ynon Tnc; 
61 aTnpnonc; Tou µovonwA l ou oe op 1 oµtvec; Pao 1 de; unnpeo l Ee; nptne 1 enoµtvwc; 
(66) npoc; µ1a 6uvaµ1Kn OlKOVoµ{a -npaOIVO Btf3A(o OXETIKa µ£ tnv ava1TTU~'1 tnc; 
KO l vnc; ayopac; TWV UlTJlPEO I WV Ka l TOU £~01TA I oµou OTOV toµ ta TWV 
TnAEn1Ko1vwv1wv, tyypa,o COMC87) 290 teA1K6 tnc; 30.06.1987. 
(67) •n,aoµa TOU Iuµ(3ouA(ou Tnc; 30nc; louv(ou 1988 OXETIKa µ£ Tnv aVa1TTU~'1 Tnc; 
KO l vnc; ayopac; TWV U1Tf1PEO I WV KO I TOU E~01TA l oµou OTOV Toµ ta TWV 
Tf1AE1TlKOIVWVlWV we; TO 1992, EEC 257, 04.10.1988, 0.1. 
-91 -
va s~s1a~s1a1 µs npoooxn µs Paon 1ou<; nsptoptoµou<; nou µnops( va sntPaAEt 
£va TEIOtO µovonwAto Oit<; s•apµoy£<; IWV XPflOTWV yta t6tWitKft IOUc; xpnon, 
yta xpnon µsptKou xp6vou ft yta napoxn unllpsotwv npoc; 1p(1ouc;". E16tK61spa, 
OTO npaOtVO Btl3A(o EXEt 6taoa,llVt09£( 6tt Ot v£sc; IEXVOAoy(s<; OTOUc; 
ouva,E(c; Ioµs(c;, 6nwc; Otte; 6opu'°ptK£c; £1l'lKOlVWvlsc;, ea 1l'PE1l'El va IUXOUV 
16tal1spnc; npoooxftc;. 
3.1. EKnounn/ADwn gnugtwy nooc/an6 touc 6opucp6oouc Cgyo6lKD/Ka8o6lKD ZsuEn> 
H ouvalvsoll OTllV ono(a KadAll~£ to ruµl3ouA10 "TllhtttKoavwvlsc;" Tile; 71lc; 
~£K£µ13p(ou 1989 OXETlKQ µs Tll YEVtKft noAtitKf\ Ille; Kotv6tntac; OTOV Ioµ£a TWV 
tnA£1l'lKOIVWVIWV Kai svowµaTWVETal 0Tf1V o6ny(a 90/387/EOK TOU 
Iuµf3ouAlouC68) Kat otnv o6nyla 90/388/EOK 1nc; Enatponnc;C69) £xst 
op(ost Ta anoKhtOTtKQ "' £t6tKa 6tKatwµata Kat Ttc; KaVOVtOTtdc; 
61ao,aA(ostc; nou µnopouv va 9£oouv os E'apµovn ta Kpatn µ£An otov 10µ£a 
tWV sn(y£tWV tnAstttKOlVWVlWV, OUµ~va µs TO KOtVOTtK6 6(KatO Kat t6(wc; µs 
touc; Kav6vEc; 1ou avtaywvtoµou. 
Iuµ~va µs tnv o6ny(a 90/388/EOK, Ia anoKAEtOTtKa f\ £t6tKQ 6tKatwµata 
µnopouv va xopnyouvta t otouc; opyav t oµouc; tnhn t Kot vwv t wv v ta 1nv 
syKataotaon Kat EKµstaHsuon tnc; uno6oµnc; tou En I YE t ou 6nµ6o t ou 6 t Ktuou 
Kat 1nc; unnpsolac; •wvnttKnc; tnAE•wvlac; Kat ta Kpatn µ£An µnopouv va 
esonl~ouv s16tK£c; Kavovtot1K£c; 61ao,aAloEtc;, µ£ow twv KataAAnAwv 
ouotnµatwv £K6oonc; a6E t wv v ta T 1 c; 6nµ6o t Ee; unnpso l sc; sn t Kot vwv I ac; 
6£60µEVWV, OUµ~va µs TOUc; KOIVOTtKOU<; KaV6VEc; avtaywvtoµou Kat Ttc; 
6ta6tKaolsc; nou 8sonl~ovtat otnv o6nvla tnc; Enttponftc; 90/388/EOK.(70). 
Ta ouotf\µata £K6oonc; a6stwv nou 8£touv os s,apµoyn ttc; KavovtoTtK£c; 
6tao,aAlostc; nptnEt va Pao(~ovtat os avttKstµsvtKa Kpttf\pta, va slvat 
6ta,avn Kat va µnv 6nµtoupyouv 6taKplostc;, outs va ouµnsptAaµpavouv 
nsptoptOµouc; aH.ouc; an6 EK£(VOU<; BOU ava,£povtal napa1tOVW f\ £KE(vouc; 1tOU 
Paol~ovtal Otlc; "13aotK£c; ana1tnostc;11C71), 6nAa6ft otnv ao,aAEla Kat 
aKspa l 6tnta tou 6 t Ktuou Ka' , OT t c; nsp t nwos' c; nou a' T 1 oAoyouvta t aut£c;, 
otn 6taA£tTOUPYtK6TnTa TWV Utl'flPEOtWV Kat OTflV npootao(a TWV 6E6oµtvwv. 
(68) 06nvla tou Iuµl3ouAlou tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990, yta 111 6nµloupy(a tnc; 
£0WT£PtKnc; ayopac; OTOV Toµta TWV tnAsntKOtVWVlaKWV unnpEOtWV µ£ow Tilt 
£,apµoync; tnc; napoxnc; aVOlKTOU 6tKTUOU (90/387/EOK). 
(69) 06nvla tnc; En1tponftc;, tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990, oxsttKa µs 1ov av1aywv10µ6 
OTlc; ayop£c; TWV 1nhnaKOlVWVtaKWV unnPEOtWY (90/388/EOK), EE l 192 Tile; 
24.07.1990, 0.10. 
(70) 06nyla 1nc; En11pom'tc;, tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990, oxsttKa µs IOY aYtaywvtoµ6 
Otte; ayoptc; tnAEttlKOIVWYtaKWV unnpEOIWV (90/388/EOK), EE l 192, 24.07.1990, 
o. 10. 
(71) Kata 1nv £vvo1a 1nc; o6nylac; 90/387/EOK tou ruµ(JouAlou, we; "13aolK£c; 
analtf\ostc;" voouvtat Ol A6yo1 ysvtKou ouµ,£povtoc; Kat IJ'l OlKovoµtKou 
xapaKtf\pa, Paos t twv ono ( wv tva Kpatoc; µspoc; µnops ( Ya nsp top (OE' tnv 
np6ol3aon OTO 6nµ60t0 6(KTUO TllAEtttKOlYWYIWY f\ Otte; 61lµ6ot£c; 
1nAsntK01vwvtaKtc; unnpsolEc;. 
-92 -
H np6taon tnc; Enttponnc; Paol~£Tat Ota ap8pa 59 Kat 86 tnt ouv9nKnc. 
npayµatl, EVW TO ap9po 59, 6nwc; txet £pµnv£U8£{ an6 TO AlKaotnpto Enttptnet 
op1oµtvouc; n£ptop1oµouc; tnc; eAeu9epnc; napoxn~ twv unnpeotwv nou 6ev 
6nµ1oupyouv 61aKploe1c; Kat attloAoyouvtal an6 to yev1K6 ouµ,tpov, to ap9po 
tnc; ouv9nKnc; npopAtnsl TflV Katapynon 6Awv TWY aAAwv nsp1op1oµwv TflC 
eAeu9epnc; napoxnc; unnpeo1wv OTnv Ko1v6tnta. En(onc;, ta ap9pa 85 Kal 86, 0£ 
ouv6uaoµ6 µe ta ap9pa 3(0T), 5 Kat 90 rnc; ouv9nKnc;, anayopsuouv ota Kpatn 
µtAn va aeon I ~ouv Ka9e µttpo nou µnope l va En l TPE'l'e t oe tvav opyav 1 oµ6 
tnAsn I KO I vwv I WV, µ£µovwµtva n ouUoy l KO' va napsµno6 l oe l n va nsp I op { oe I 
tnv np6opaon TWV avtaYWVIOTWV TOU OTflV ayopa tnAe:nlKOlVWVlaKWV unnpe:otwv 
£Kt6c; av 0 ne:p I Op I oµ6c; aut6c; un6K£ l Ta I 0£ e~a ( p£011 ouµ,wva µ£ TO a9p9o 
85(3) tnc; ouv9nKnc; Kat n e:~alpe:on autn txe:1 npayµatt napaoxe:eel. H 
Kataxpnon 6eon6~ouoac; atone; 6ev nptnet va e:~atpe:(tat oe: Kaµ(a ne:p(ntwon, 
e{te: npow9e:{tat, napaKlVEltal n EntPaAAe:tal an6 KPOT'l µ£A11 e:{te: 6xt. 
o ot6xoc; tnc; e:v1alac; ayopac; Kat n nAnpnc; e:,apµovn twv Kav6vwv avtaywv1oµou 
anattouv tnv npooapµoyn twv KavovtottKwv nAa1olwv. H npooapµovn autn 
onµalve:t, ue:tglu gAAwy, 6tt ntpa an6 tnv anay6peuon 6nµtoupy(ac; 6taKploewv, 
Ka9e: pu8µ1on nou µnope{ va ano6e:tx0el 6tt neptopl~el tov avtaywvtoµ6 nptne:1 
va a 1 Tl oAoye: I ta a t6oo µe: e: 161 de; unoxpe:wt 'de; ana 1tnoe:1 c; tou toµta nou 
e:lva1 anapaltnte:c; y1a tnv e:upu8µ11 Ae:ttoupyla tou ouotnµatoc; Kal to ye:v1K6 
ouµ,tpov, 600 Kai µ£ µn OlKOVOµlKOUc; A6youc;. 
Et6lK6te:pa, Ka0e: ne:p1op10µ6c; nou npoKunTE:l an6 anoKAE:lOTIKO n £l6lKO 
61Ka1wµata via tnv napoxn Kai e:Kµe:taAAe:uon tnc; uno6oµnc; tou e:nlye:1ou 
61w6o1ou 6tKtuou Kat tnc; 6nµ6o1ac; tn.hcpca>v1Knc; unnpe:olac;, Ka9wc; Kat 01 
£16lKtc; KaVOVlOTlKEc; 61ao,aA{oe:1c; OXE:TlKQ µe: TrtV napoxn 6nµ6o1wv unnpe:OlWV 
61aPIPaonc; 6e:6oµtvwv, nou 9e:on{~ovtal an6 ta KPOTl'l µH11 ouµ,wva µ£ Tlc; 
61 a6 t Kao I e:c; nou op I ~ovta a otnv o6nv I a 90/388/90, nptne: a va e:'apµ6~ovra 1 
µ6vo Ota OUOtnµata 6opu,oplKWV e:ntKOIYWYIWY, e:,600Y Ta OUOTnµata auta 
ee:wpe:ltat 6tt e:lva1 1006uvaµa npoc; tic; Katnvople:c; auttc; aµ,l6poµwv 
6nµ6o1wv unnpe:o1wv. 
Kata nap£KKA1on twv e:161Kwv 61ata~e:wv nou e:,apµ6~ovta1 otac; unnpe:ole:c; 
pa61 otnhont 'Kwv µua66oe:wv y 1 a to eupu KO' v6 o 1 ono I ec; op I ~ovta 1 otnv 
o6nvla 89/552/EOKC72), 01 µov66poµe:c; unnpe:olec; anoKAe:lovtat e~ opaoµou an6 
tnv Katnvopla autn. 
(72) 06nvfa tou IuµpouAlou tnc; 3nc; OKtwPplou 1989 via to ouvtov10µ6 op1oµtvwv 
voµo9£TlKWV, KaVOVlOTIKWV Kai 6tOlk'1TIKWV 6taTa~e:wv TWV KpaTWY µe:Awv 
oxe:ttKa µe: tnv aoKnon tnAe:onttKwv 6paotnp1otntwv (89/552/EOK). 
-93 -
H 6nµ6o&a unnp£ola c,wvnt&Kftc; TnA£c,wvlac; opl~£Ta& ot&c; o6nyl£c; 
90/387/EOK.(73) Kal 90/388/EOKC74) we; n napoxft, 0£ £µnoptKt\ Paon Kat yta 
to £upu Ko&v6, Tnc; an'£ue£lac; µ£Ta6oonc; Tnc; c,wvftc; 0£ npayµat&K6 xp6vo, 
µtow Tou n Tcov 6ru.16o' cov 6 & KTucov µ£ 6uvat6Tnta µnaycoyftc; Ka' n ono la 
£n' tptn£' 0£ Kae£ xpftoTn va xpno l µono' £ l £~onA 'oµ6 ouv6£6£µtvo µ£ ha 
onµ£lo Tepµattoµou £v6c; 6tKtuou yta va entKotvcov£( µe xpnotn nou 
XPno&µono1£( £~onA&oµ6 ouv6£6£µtvo µ£ tva aAAo onµ£(o tepµat&oµou 6lKTUOU. 
AK6µn Ka' ta µ£yaAa aµcp ( 6poµa ouoTftµaTa 6opucpop' Kwv en' Ko' vcov 'wv µ£yaAnc; 
KA(µaKac; -6ncoc; ta µeyaAa ouotftµata VSAT -6£v avtanoKp(vovtat otnv 
anal tnon autft av 6£v ouv6tovta' µ£ To 6nµ6o 1 o µnay6µ£vo 6 l KTuo. nc; £K 
touTou, Ta aµcp(6poµa ouoTftµaTa 6opucpop&Kwv £n&Ko1vcov&wv ea nptn£1 va 
e£copouvta& &oo6uvaµa µ6vo av ouv6tovta& µ£ tn 6nµ6ota uno6oµft Tou 
µ£Tay6µ£VOU £n l Y£ l OU 6 l KTUOU Ka I TI c; npoavacpep6µ£v£c; aµcp t 6poµ£c; 611µ6o l £c; 
unnp£olec;. 
Av £n£Ktaeouv n ouvalv£on Kai To voµ&K6 Kae£oTwc; nou ea £nlt£uxeouv y&a 
t&c; enly£&£c; tnAen1Ko&vcovl£c;, n µ£ta6oon onµatcov npoc;/an6 touc; 6opucp6pouc; 
cavo6&Kn/Ka9o6&Kft ~£u~n> Ka8wc; Ka& n avTlototxn £Kµ£taAA£uon Kat xpnon tou 
t£pµat 1 Kou e~onA 1 oµou 0£ ouotnµa nou 6£v ouv6££ta 1 µ£ tnv uno6oµn tou 
6nµ6o1ou µ£tay6µ£vou 61Ktuou 6£v ea nptn£1 £noµtvcoc; va un6K£lVta& 0£ Kavtva 
n£p&optoµ6, £Kt6c; an6 touc; n£ptop1oµouc; nou a1t10Aoyouvtal an6 tnv anocpuyft 
Tcov £n1~ftµ&cov nap£µPoAwv Ka1, 0£ a1T10Aovnµtvec; n£ptntwo£&c;, an6 Tnv 
npootaola tcov 6e6oµtvcov Kai Tnc; 161wT1Kftc; ~wftc;, Ka8wc; Kai ta np6tuna OTO 
Pa8µ6 nou ana1TouvTa1 an6 to Ko1vot1K6 6(Ka&o. 
Av ta Kpatn µtAn eewpouv 6T1 Ta noAu µeyaAa ouotftµata 6opucpoptKwv 
£n1Ko1vcov&wv nou 6£v ouv6tovta1 µ£ tic; npoavacp£p6µ£vec; aµcp(6poµec; 6nµ6o&ec; 
UU11P£0(£c; eµno6(~0UV, voµlKQ ft npayµaTtKa, A6yco TOU avtaycovtoµou nou 
ouv1otouv y1a touc; opyav1oµouc; tnA£n1Ko1vcov1wv, tnv anootoAft tcov opyav&oµwv 
autwv va naptxouv 6nµ6o1£c; Tl1A£n&Ko1vwv1aKtc; unnp£ol£c;, Ka& 6t& nptn£l va 
£n1PAn8ouv vto1 n£p1op&oµol npoK£1µtvou va £n1Tpan£( otouc; opyav1oµouc; 
tnAentKotvcovtwv va £KnAnpci>oouv Tnv 161a(T£Pn anootoAn nou touc; tx£1 
avat£9£( ouµcpwva µ£ TO ap9po 90, 9a np£n£1 Va arto6£1X8£( 6tt Ta OUOTftµata 
auta avtan0Kplvovta1 oe Kpttftp1a 1006uvaµa µ£ eKelva nou opl~ovtat otnv 
o6ny(a 90/388/EOK Kat'£cpapµoyft TOU ap9pou 90(2), µe tnv £ntcpuAa~n £~ttaonc; 
an6 tnv En1tponn Kai 0£ ouvaptnon µe ta ouµcptpovta Tnc; Ko1v6tntac;. 
(73) 06nyla Tou IuµPouAlou tnc; 28nc; louvtou 1990 via tn 6nµ1oupy(a tnc; 
£OCOT£PlKt\c; ayopac; OTOV Toµta TCOV tnA£nlKOIVCOVlaKWV unnp£01WV µtow tnc; 
£cpapµoync; tnc; napoxftc; aVOIKTOU 61KTUOU (89/552/EOK). 
(74) 06nyla tnc; En&tponftc; tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990 oxet1Ka µe Tov avtaycov10µ6 otac; 
ayoptc; TCOV tnA£nlKOIVCOVlaKWV unnp£OIWV (90/388/EOK), EE L 192 tnc; 
24.07.1990, 0.10. 
-94 -
rta ta tepµatlKa eKnoµnn<;/An~n<; -ouµneplAaµpavoµtvwv twv KEVTPlKwv 
ota8µwv -nou ouv6tovtal µe To 6nµ6olo µetay6µevo 6(Ktuo, ta Kpatn µtAn 
µnopouv va eeon(~ouv np6o8ete<; KavovlOTaKt<; 6lao,aA(oel<; WoT£ va 
e~ao,aA(~eTal n tnpnon TWV Il£PlOPlOµwv BOU IlPOKUilTOUV an6 Ta anoKA£l0TlKa 
n £l6lKa 6lKalwµaTa Yla tnv napoxn unnp£OlWV ~vnTlKn<; tnAe,wv(ac;, Ka9wc; 
Kal twv £l6lKwv npoUnoetoewv Kal twv ouotnµatwv tK6oonc; a6elwv yla tnv 
napoxn 6nµ6olWV unnpeOlWV 6lap(paonc; 6£60µEVWV BOU 6nµlOUPYOUVTal OUµ,wva 
µe tnv o6nvla 90/388/EOK. 
3.2. OpoUnoetgelc tK6ognc g6£lWV 
Ol npoUnoetoel<; £K6oonc; a6elwv nptnel va alTloAoyouvtal, va e[val 
avaAoye<; npoc; tov en l 6 l wK6µevo ot6xo, va e (val 6 l a,ave I c; Ka l va µnv 
6nµloupyouv 6laKploel<;. 
Ol npoUnoetoel<; auttc; 6ev nptnel va o6nyouv oe Kavtva T£XVlK6 neptoploµ6 
nou µnope[ va napeµno6loel a6lKaloA6ynta Tl<; enltpen6µevec; 6paotnpl6tnte<; 
n XPnoe l <; TOU E~OilA l oµou -6nw<; 8a ouvtpa l VE µe µla anAn anay6peuon 
6 l aouv6eon<; TWV T£pµaT I KWV EKilOµnti<;/An~n<; µg tnv uno6oµn TOU 6nµ6o l OU 
6lKTuou. Ol 6la6lKaole<; tK6oonc; a6elwv nptnel va tnpouv nAnpw<; tnv apxn 
TOU 6laXWPlOµou TWV KaVOVlOTlKWV A£lTOUPYlWV Kal TWV A£lTOUPYlWV 
eKµetaHeuon<;. 
3.2.1. Anowuvn TWV EillZQUlWV ngpeuBoAwy KQl guyTOVlQU6c TWV QUXVOTQIWV 
Mla PaolKn analtnon nou e,apµ6~etal OTl<; 6opu,oplKE<; enlKOlvwvle<; Kal xn<; 
onola<; n onµaola elval e'aµlAAn µe £Kelvn xn<; ao,aAela<; Kal tn<; 
aKepa l 6xnta<; tou en (ye l ou 6 l KTuou, el val n avayKn ano,uvn<; twv 
anapa6£KTWV napeµPoAwv µe Ia Aolna 6opu,oplKa ouotnµaTa n ouotnµaTa 
pa6lO£IllKOlVWVlWV ouµ,wva µ£ tnv o6ny(a TOU IuµpouA(ou 89/336/EOK(75) 
OXETlKa IJE Tl<; nAEKipoµayvntlKE<; napeµPoA£<;, Kal ouµ~va µ£ Tl<; 
6la6tKaole<; ouvxovloµou nou txouv ouµ~vn9EI nayKooµlw<; an6 6Aa ta µ£An 
tnc; AtE8vouc; 'Evwonc; TnAEillKOlVWVtwvC76), BOU txouv 9£0Ill0I£( OIOV 
Kavovloµ6 Pa6aoenaKolvwvlwv Kal tl<; onole<; 6laxeapl~etaa n Ate8vn<; 
Ent tponn Kaxaypa,nc; ruxvotntwv tnc; Al e9vou<; 'Evwon<; Tnhnl Kol vwv lwv cnou 
ava,tpetal oxo Ke,aAalo I I). 
(75) 06nvla tou ruµpouAlou yla µe tnv npootyylon xwv voµo9eoawv xwv Kpaxwv µeAwv 
oxettKa µe tnv nAeKTpoµavvnxaKn ouµpax6xnxa (89/336/EOK) xn<; 03.05.1989, EE 
L 139 xn<; 23.05.1989, o.19. 
(76) To ap8po 34 IOU KataOIOTlKOU tn<; ITU (N(Kala 1989) op(~£l 6Tl: "'OAOl Ol 
oxa8µo(, ave~aptnTa an6 TO OKOil6 TOU<;, IlPEilEl va TOil08£TOUVTal Kal va 
Ae t xoupyouv Kata xp6no wote va µnv 6nµ a oupyouv en l ~nµ a e<; napeµpoAtc; ox a<: 
pa6lonA£KTPlKE<; £1TlKOlVWV(£<; n unnpeo[ec; TWV AOlilWV KpaTWV µeAwv, TWV 
avayvwploµtvw\J l6lWTlKWV EillXElpnoewv £Kµ£TaHeuon<;, n TWV 6ta'6pwv aHWV 
6e6vtwc; avayvwp t oµtvwv En l XE l pnoewv eKµuaHEuon<; nou naptxouv unnPEO I e<; 
pa6lOEillKOlVWVlWV Kal AElTOUPYOUV ouµ,wva µE Tl<; 6laTa~El<; TOU KaVOVlOµou 
Pa6lO£IllKOlVWVtwv ... ". 
To ap9po 33 opl~El: " ... Kata tn xpnon ~wvwv ouxvotntwv yta tac; 
pa6lOEillKOlvwvle<;, ta Kpatn Aaµpavouv un6~n To YEvov6<; 6tl ol ouxv6xntE<; 
Kal n TPOXla xwv yEwotaTlKwv 6opu,6pwv anoTEAouv aya8a EV avEnapKEla nou 
nptnE a va xpno l µono l ouvta l IJE op9oAoy l K6, anotehoµat l K6 Ka l o l Kovoµ a K6 
tp6no, WoTE Va EillTPEilOUV tnv l06tlµn np6opaon OTnv TPOXla auxn Kal OTl<; 
OUXV6TnTE<; TWV 6la'6pwv XWPWV n oµa6WV XWPWV, Aaµpavoµtvwv un6~n TWV 
el 6 t Kwv avayKwv twv avantuoooµtvwv xwpwv Ka l tn<; yewypa' l Kn<; Kataoxaon<; 
op l oµtvwv XWPWV, ouµ,wva µe Tl<; 6 t ata~e l <; IOU Kavov l oµou 
Pa6lOE:IllKOlVWYlWV". 
-95 -
Me Tll µ£(WOil Tilt 61aµttpou Tilt K£pa(ac; TWY 6opUfOPlKWY T£pµatlKWY, 
µ£lWY£Ial Kal ll 61aKpltlKn lKav6tllTO TWY tepµatlKWY autwv £YW Ol 
ev6ex6µevec; napeµPoAtc; touc; noAAanAao1a~ovta1 av 6ev Allf9ouv 01 
anapaltntec; npo,uAa£e1c;. 
Ta EupwnalKa np6tuna TllA£BlKOlYWYlWY BOU £fapµ6~0Ytal yaa ta 
anoµaKpuoµtva Tepµat 1 Ka nptne 1 va txouv coc vvwµova TJ'lV 6oo to 6uvat6 
µeyaAut£Pll µe(woll Twv napeµPoAwv Kat tov noAAanAaoaaoµ6 twv 6uvatotntwv 
ouvunap£nc; twv ne1paµat1Kwv 61Ktuwv. 
A6yw tou onµavT 1 Kou K 1 v6uvou en 1~nl.I1 wv napeµpoAwv nou napouo 1 a~ouv v 1 a 
tac; Aoantc; unnpeo(ec; ta Aa9n X£lPlOIJOU n ta Aa9n Kateu9uVOll<; Tflc; K£pa(ac;, 
01 61a61Kao(ec; tK6oonc; a6e1wv Kat tyKp1011c; tunou nou £fapµ6~ovTa1 ota 
upµat 1 Ka £Knoµnnc; nptne 1 va npolJAtnouv tnv eyKataotaon, en ( PAecpn 1<a 1 
ouvtnpnon 6Awv twv 6opufop1Kwv tepµaTaKwv an6 e1611<euµtvo Texv1K6 
BPOOWBlK6 -e(T£ an6 TOV t6lOKT1"tn touc;, ecp6oov 61a8tT£l Tic; anapa(Tf1T£c; 
enayyeAµataKtc; 1Kav6t11tec;, e(te an6 Touc; avayvwpaoµtvouc; opyavaoµouc; 
ey1<aTaotao11c; Kat ouvtnpnollt· 01 61ata£e1c; auttc; elvaa ouµ«p(4vec; npoc; to 
nveuµa twv apxwv nou txouv eeonaote( µe tnv o6nyla 88/301/EOlcC77) nou 
npolJAtne 1 6t 1 ta Kpatn µHn µnopouv "va anaa tnoouv an6 touc; 
£Bl X£ l Pllµat( ec; TflV KaTaHnAn T£XV l Kn £ t 6 ( K£U0t'l Y la It'l OUV6£0t'l, 8£011 0£ 
AElTOUpy(a Kat Tt'l ouvtnp11on TWV T£pµatlKWV OUOK£UWV. H EV A6yw £t6lK£UOf'l 
£Kt1µata1 Paoea 6n1.1001Euµtvwv avttKE1µ£v1Kwv KPtTnplwv Ta onola 6Ev 
nptnEt va 6nµ1oupyouv 61aKploE1c;". 
t>nwc; OUVOYETal an6 TllV £µ1f£lp(a BOU txea anoKTfl8E( 0£ µeyaAn KA(µaKa -
16 (we; ot 1 c; HnA -µE nap6µo 1 Ee; ana 1t1"oE1 c; oTov toµta Tflt eyKataotaonc; 
tEpµat 1 Kwv 6opufop' Kwv e£onA 'oµwv, n Tnpnon Twv ana 1 tnoewv autwv 6ev 
8tte1 Kavtva 161aitepo np61JAnµa. 
npoK£ 1 µtvou va 61 euKoAuv9e ( o npoo61op1 oµ6c; Tflt TauT6TllTac; twv 
6opuf0p 1 Kwv upµat 1 Kwv nou npo£Evouv EB 1~nµ1 ec; napeµPoAtc; OT 1 c; Ao 1 ntc; 
unnpeo (Ee;, nptnE 1 va E£Etao8£ ( av nptnE 1 va ouµn£p 1 Anf8ouv ta 
llAEKtpov 1 Ka ouotnµata npoo61op1 oµou taut6tntac; ota np6tuna nou 1 oxuouv 
yaa Touc; e£onA1oµouc; autouc;. 
3.2.2. npogtgg(g IWY 6E6ou£ywy KQl IEXYlKO BQ6tung 
H apxn Kata tnv onofa 01 6opuf0p1Ktc; unnpeolEc; nptn£1 va un6K£1vta1 otac; 
(6tec; 1<avovtott1<tc; 6tata£eac; µe tcov unnpeatwv nou naptxovtat µtow 
en(yeawv 6tKTUWV, o6nye( OiflV e££taon -ouµ,wva µ£ Tl(; 0611y(ec; 90/387/EOK 
Kat 90/388/EOK -tnc; npootaolac; twv 6£6oµtvwv Kat tnc; 61aAettoupy1K6t11tac; 
twv unnpeoawv we; ouµnA11pwµat1Kwv Pao1Kwv anaatnoewv, Otte; a1t10Aoyllµtv£c; 
Kat KataAAnAec; B£PlBTWo£lc;. 
(77) 0611v la tnc; En 1 tponnc; tnc; 16nc; Matou 1988 oxt 1 Ka µ£ tov avtaywv 101.16 ot 1 c; 
ayoptc; TllA£BlKOlVWVlaKWV T£pµatlKWV, EEL 131 Tl'lt 27.05.1988. 
-96 -
Ol 6opucpop1Kit unnpsolet 6ev nptne1 va µnopouv va napaKaµnTouv Tl~ 
arra1Tnos1~ oTov Toµta Tn~ npooTaolat Twv 6e6oµtvwv nou ea µnopouoav va 
9£0nlOTOUV OTlt sn(ye1e~ unnpeo(s~ Kai 6(KTUO, OUµ,wva µs Tl~ npoTaOel~ 
tn~ En1Tponn~ otov Toµta auT6(78>. 
t>oov acpopa tn ouµPat6Tnta Ka 1 Ta uxv 1 Ka np6Tuna. n o6nv la 90/387 /EOK 
npo1JAtne1 -via Tnv napoxn unnpso1wv µta<o Tou en(ys1ou 61KTuou -6t1 "eav 
n e,apµovn twv eupwnalKwv npotunwv ... ,alvsTa1 6t1 6sv snapKe( y1a tnv 
e~ao,aA1on Tn~ 6uvaT6TnTa~ 61aAe1Toupy1K6TnTa~ Twv 61aouvop1aKwv 
unnpeOIWV Oe tva n nsp1oo6tepa Kpatn µtAfl, n avacpopa OTa supwnalKa 
np6tuna µnops ( va KaTaoTs ( unoxpewt 1 Kn . . . OTO Pa9µ6 nou auT6 e ( va 1 
anoAutw~ anapalTnto via TIW e~ao,aA1on Tn~ sv A6yw 61aAs1Toupy1K6tnta~ 
Ka 1 v 1 a Tn PsAT l won tn~ eAeu9spnt; en 1 Aovn~ Tou xpnoTn 11
• npoKe 1 µtvou va 
en 1 uux es ( o ( 61 ot ot6xot v 1 a t 1 t; 6opu,op 1 d~ unnpso ( s~, µnopouv va 
npolJAs,eouv ana1tnos1~ OTOY toµta TWV T£XVIKWV HPOTUHWV, OTO Pa9µ6 HOU 
QHQITe(tal aut6 aH6 TO KOIVOTlK6 6(Ka10. 
3.2.3. Ao1ntc gHg1TDgs1c 
H o6nvla 90/388/90 npo1JAtHs1 6t1 n Hapoxn 6nµ6o1wv unnpeo1wv 61aPlPaont 
6e6oµtvwv µtow twv EH (vs 1 wv 61 Ktuwv µHops ( va unoPaH£Ta 1 oe sn 1 HAtov 
aHa1Tnos1t; HOU HPOKUHTOUV aH6 Tit Y£VlKtt sµHOPIKtt pu8µ(os1t; HOU acpopouv 
ta~ np0Uno8tos1t ota9ep6TnTat;, 6uvaT6tflTa~ Hapoxnt Kai Ho16Tnta~ twv 
unnpso1wv, un6 Tnv sn1,uAa~n 6T1 n En1tponn s~aKp11Jwvs1 av ouµP1Pa~ovTa1 
ta µttpa auTa HPOt tit 61aTa~e1t; tnt ouv9nKnt. Me s~alpeon Tnv nep(nTwon 
Hou 01 oTa9µo( eKnoµnnt/An«Pnt -nou ouv6tovTa1 µe To 6nµ6010 6lKtuo -
xpno1µono1ouvTa1 via Tnv napoxn nap6µ01wv unnpeo1wv, 01 np6o9sTst 
HpoUH08tos1t autou Tou xapaKtnpa 6ev nptne1 va va e~sTatovTa1 Hapa µ6vo 
av sf va1 aHapafTnTst y1a va 61ao,aA108sf n ouµµ6pcpca»0fl npot Tit napaHavw 
Pao1Kit ana1Tno£1t, 6Hwt tnv Katapynon Twv sn1~nµ1wv HapsµPoAwv Kai tnv 
anoTeAsoµaT1Kn xpnon Twv ouxvotntwv nou sKxwpouvTat oto nAalo10 tou 
OUVTOYIOµou TWV ouxvotnTWV. 
Ka9& aAAn nap6µ01a anaftnon nptns1 va sna,lsta1 otit KavovtKit ouµPat1Ktt 
oxtos1t µeta~u tou ,opta napoxnt unnpso1wv Kai tou nsAatn Kai tnt vsv1Knt 
voµo9eofat; nou 61tHs1 Tlt oxtoe1t auttt;. 
t>oov acpopa Tl t 61 a,opst; aAht yev l dt pu9µ ( 0£ l ~ nou µHopouv va txouv 
sn1ntwoe1t; otnv EVKOTQOTaon 6opu,oplKWV TspµaTIKWV, 6nwt £K£lV£t nou 
ouv6tovta1 µs tnv HPOOtaofa Tou nsp11JaHovTot Kai tnv noAeo6oµfa, Hou 
OKOH6 txouv va aHotpecpouv tnv OKaAa(o9ntfl avaHTU~fl, 9a µnopouoav Ya txouv 
KaH01a onµaofa µ6vo otn µsyaAn ayopa supsfat KaTavaAwont twv Tspµat1Kwv 
an'su9e(at; An«P'lt OTO onftl. An6 TflV anocpn autn, ta 9tµata nep11JaAAOYTOt 
nptne1 va OTa8µltovTa1 µe npoooxn tvavTl Tflt apxnt Tilt eAsu9splat 
(78) BAtHe COM(90)314, Ka1 16(wt; Tnv np6Taon o6nvlat Tou IuµPouA(ou oxet1Ka µs 
tnv npooTaola twv 6s6oµtvwv np00<0n1Kou xapaKtnpa Ka1 Tflt 161wt1Knt twnt oto 
rrAa(o10 TWV 6nµ6o1wv cpn,1aKWV 61KTUWV tnAsnlKOIYWVIWV Kai 16(wt; TOU 
'l'n,1aKOU lllKTUOU Evono1nµtvwv Ynnpeo1wv (ISDN) KOi TWV 61iµ6o1wv 61KTUWV 
~n,1aKWV KlYflTWV errlKOIVWVIWV. 
-97 -
11Anpocp6p11011c;:. Ta np6tuna TrOU £,apµ6~0VTQl OTO T£pµaTlKQ QUTO nptn£l va 
anoPUnouv oTn µe I won Twv apvnT t Kwv en' nciKJewv oto 11ep t PaAAov Wot£ va 
0110,£UY£TQl n eto11ton oo(Japwv 11£ptoptoµwv OTflV ava11tu~n TWV 6opucpoplKWV 
T£pµatlKWV a116 tnv a11ocpn autn. 
A6yw Tnc;: TOX£fac;: T£XVOAoy1Knc;: QV011TU~nc;:, KQl KUpfwc TWV T£XVtKWV 
µ£Ta6oanc;:, 11p6afJaonc;: Kai KW61K0110lnonc;:, 01 TEXVtKO( 11EPIOPtOµo(, 611wc;: 01 
11£PIOPtOµo( Tnc;: ~n,1aKnc;: TOXUTnTac;:, ea E~aA£t,80UV ava116,£UKTa KOi 6£V ea 
11PE11£1 va £cpapµ6~0VTQI OTlt; 61a6&Kao(ec;: tK6oonc;: a6£1WV. 
AuT6 •oxue1 Kat v•a Tnv s'apµovn Twv Pao1Kwv a11a1Tnoswv 11ou acpopouv, y1a 
11apa6e1yµa, Tnv 11p00Taola twv 6e6oµtvwv. t>Trwc;: txe1 Tov10Ts(, 01 
Kavov10TtKtc;: 61ao,aAl0£1c;: 6sv 11pt11£1 va o6nvouv os a61Ka&oA6ynTouc;: 
T£XVIKouc;: 1l£p1op1oµouc;:. Ta OUOTftµaTa 110U a11alTOUV 11p6opaon u116 6pouc;: 
CPAt11e K£,aAa10 IV) µ11opouv yevtKa va s,apµ6~ovTat µtaco KaTaAAnAwv 
µ£866wv KPU11Toypacpnonc;: u116 Tnv eueuvn TOU a1100T0Ua. t>Tav 0 t 6 t £8v£ ( c;: 
6eoµ£UO£tc;: a11atTOUV Tnv Tnpnon Tnc;: 11POOTaolac;: Kat Tnc;: £µ11tOT£UTtK6TnTac;: 
Twv 6e6oµtvwvC79), n 11po0Tao(a auTn µ11posl va 61aocpaAl~£Ta1 µtow Twv 
11poU11oetoewv tK6oonc;: a6e 1 wv. t>oov acpopa £ 16 & K6Tepa ta tepµat 1 Ka µ6vo 
An~nc;: 11ou Ae1Toupyouv ot1c;: ~wv£c;: 11ou 6ev xpno1µ011otouvTat via tn 
pa61otnA£011TtKit µ£ta6oon -yta Ta 011o(a n EK6oon a6£tac;: 6£V s(vat OUT£ 
anapalTnTl'l ouT£ £,lKTft -ea 11ptne1 va apKel n tv6st~l'l 6Tt Ol e~onA&oµo( 
auTo ( 6sv µ11opouv va xpno 1 µ0110' ouvTa' y 'a av£u a6£ I ac;: 11p6opaon, 611wc;: 
ouµpa(V£l -OUXVO -yta TOUC AOt110Ut; aaupµaTOUC 6EKT£t;. 
3.2.4. Auo1Bglg gygvywp1an Twy g6£1wy 
H £A£ue£pn 11apoxn u11np£OtWV ouµ,wva µ£ TO ap8po 59 tnc;: ouveftKnc;: OUV£1IOY£Tat 
£111onc tnv £11EKTaon TWV a6£1WV £Kµ£TaAAeuonc;: 0£ oA6KAnpn Tl'lV Kotv6Tnta, µg 
Tnv £11tcpuAa~n anatTftO£WV 110U 6£V 6nµ1oupyouv 6taKp(O£tc;: KQI QITtOAoyouvtal 
a116 TO Y£VtK6 ouµ,tpov. ttOI, tvac;: cpop£ac;: £Kµ£taAAeuanc;: K£VTPIKOU OTa9µou ft 
tvac;: cpoptac;: 11apoxnc;: u11npea1wv nou elvat Katoxoc;: a6elac;: 6opucpoptKitc;: £K110µ11nc;: 
11poc;: touc;: s11(ye1ouc;: ata9µouc;: µ6vo An~nc;: 6ev ea npt11e1 va 6ta11payµateu£tat 
116tKatwµata 11poaye(wonc;:" npoc;: Ta aHa KPOTn µ£An. not6oo, Ot a6£1£c;: 
£Kµ£TaAAEuanc;: ea £ (vat a11apa ( TflT£c;: y I a tva 6 ( KTUO t 61 WT I KWV 6opucpop I KWV 
TepµaTIKWV 110U anot£A£1tal a116 T£pµaTIKO EK110µnnc;:/An~nc;: nou fJp(OKOVTal OE 
noAAa KpaTn µtAn. npoK£1µtvou va anocp£uxeouv 01 61otKnt1Ktc Ka8uot£pftoe1c;: 
nou OUV£1fOYOVTQI 01 n0Auap18µ£c;: £n1µtpouc;: 61a61KaOl£c;: tK6oanc;: a6£1WV, 
nptnet va e£on&o9el Kotvot&K6 ouornµa aµo1Palac;: avayvwp&onc;: twv a6e1wv v•a 
ta 6opucpoptKO T£pµattKO, ttat Wot£ Ot 06£t£C £Kµ£taAA£UOf'lC 110U £K6(6ovTat 
an6 Ttc;: apxtc;: £v6c;: KPOTOUC µtAouc;: va avayvwp(~ovtal 0£ 6Aa Ta aAAa Kpatn 
µtAn. 
(79) To apepo 26 TOU KaTaatattKOU tnc;: ITU 11pofJAE11£1 6Tt: "Ta µtAn ouµ~vouv va 
Aa(Jouv 6Aa ta £V6£x6µ£va µhpa nou ouµp l pa~ovta I µ£ TO XPno t µ0110 t ouµevo 
auatnµa TflA£1ftKOlVWVlWV, 1fPOK£tµtvou va £~aocpaA(oouv TO an6ppnto TWV 
61 eevwv avtanoKp ( 0£WV ... II. To apepo 23 TOU Kavov t oµou Pa6 t 0£11 t KO I vwv t WV 
nep1tx£1 nap6µ01a unoxptwon. 
-98 -
ME Poon Tlc; npoava,ep6µ£v£c; apxtc;, tva T£TOlO ouotnµa ea np£n£l va 
Ka9op(~&l Tlc; npoUnoeto£lc; £Kµ£TaAA£uonc; TWV 6lKTUWV T£pµaTlKWV 0£ oA6KAnpn 
tnv Kolv6tnta, Ka9wc; Kal Tlc; tux6v npoUnoetoelc; nou e,apµ6~ovtal yla touc; 
,ope(c; £Kµ£TaAA£uonc; K£VTPlKWV Ota9µwv. 
E161K6T£pa, ea nptn£l va 6l£UKOAUV£l tnv £YKOTQOTaon TWV aµ,(6poµwv 6tKTUWV 
OTO t6a'°c; tnc; KolV6tntac;, npopAtnovtac;, UEiglU gAAwy, Y£VlKtc; a6111c; yaa 
ta 6iKtua nou AEltoupyoUv otac; ~wv£c; ouxvotntwv nou 6latle£vta1 Kata 
npotepal6tnta OTlc; 6opu'°plKtc; £,apµoytc; 0£ KOlVOTlKn KA(µaKa. Ol Y£VlKtc; 
audc; 66£ l ec; ea £n l Tptnouv, y la napa6£ l yµa' TJ1V £Kµ£TOH£UOJ1 TWV 61 KTUWV 
VSAT 0£ oA6KAnpn tnv Kolv6tnta µ£ µ(a µ6vo a6£la, xwp(c; va £(Val anapa(rnrn 
'1 £K6oon v£wv a6£lWV n 0 OUVTOVI0µ6c; TWV OUXVOinTWV YlO Kae£va an6 Ta 
enaµtpouc; 6opu'°plKa t£pµat1Ka nou £lva1 £YKat1otnµtva ota Kpatn µtAn Kat 
anot£Aouv µtpoc; TOU 6tKTUOU. raa Ta 6lKTUa nou AElTOUPYOUV 0£ twvec; 
ouxvotnrwv nou 6ev txouv oplo91l, nptn11 va µnop1l va xopnyeltal a61la µe 
EAOXlOTEc; UUOXP£WTlK£c; 61a6lKOO(£c; yaa TO OUVTOVl0µ6 TWV OUXVOTnTWV. 
r1a va £lva1 anot£A£oµatlK6 tva t£to10 ouotnµa, np£n£1 va ouvo6£U£ta1 an6 
oploµtva µttpa £vapµ6v1onc;: 
tnv aµo 1 Pal a avayvwp 1 on twv £YKP l oewv tunou 6opu,op 1 Kwv t£pµat 1 Kwv 
<PA£n£ napaKQTW), 
tnv &vloxuon tou ouvtov1oµou twv ouxvotntwv y1a tic; 6opu,op1Ktc; 
En' KO' vwv ( £c;' nou Pao ( t£Ta' otn onµ£p' vn µ£Tappueµ 'on tnc; Eupwna"iKnc; 
En1tponnc; Pa610£nlK01vwvlwv Kat otn 6nµ1oupyla tnc; Eupwna"iKnc; Ynnp&olac; 
Pa610£n1Ko1vwv1wv <PAtn£ K£,aAalo IV), npoK£1µ£vou va op109ouv 16lwc; 
OPlOµtvec; twvec; OUXVOTnTWV µ£ npot£pa16TJ1TO Otte; 6opu,oplK£c; £,apµoy£c; 
otnv Ko1votlKn KAlµaKa, nou elval anapaltntec; y1a tnv £UKoAn 
£Kµ£taAAeuon TWV Y£VIKWV a6£1WV, 
£ l 61 K6c; op 1 oµ6c; tnc; napoxnc; Avo 1 Ktou Al Ktuou, Kata tnv tvvo 1 a tnc; 
o6nylac; 90/387/EOK, OX£TIKQ µ£ tn OUV6£0'1 TWV 6tKTUWV 6opu,oplKWV 
T£pµaTIKWV OTJ1V uno6oµn TOU 6nµ601ou 61KTUOU, un6 tnv £n1,uAa~11 TWV 
n1p1op1oµwv Kat twv Kavov1ot1Kwv 61ao,aAlo1wv nou eeonltovtaa. tto1, ea 
unapxouv evapµov l oµtva eupwna·aKa onµe la 6 l aouv6eonc; µeta~u twv 
6opu,op1Kwv ouotnµatwv Kaa tou 6nµ6oaou 6lKtuou, npayµa nou ea 
1n1Ktelv11 tnv napoxn Avo1Ktou AaKtuou otlc; 6opu,op1Ktc; sn1Ko1vwvl1c;. 
-99 -
oa aoxuouoe<: pu9µloea<: 6oov acpopa To 6aaoTnµaK6 Tµnµa ouvaxl~ouv va 
avTavaKAouv, OTl<: nepaoo6T£P£<: nepanTWo£lt, Tnv KaTaotaon nou anaKpaTouoe 
KaTa Ta<: 6eKa£T let Tou 'so Ka a '10, 6tav n acpapµovn Twv 6opucpop a Kci>v 
£ftlKOlVWVlcOV W£Pl0Pl~6Tav yaa T£XVlKOUt Kal OlKOVOµlKOUt A6yout oTn xpnon 
TOUt Wt np6o9etnt o6ou 6aaPlPaont tnt 6aa9vout n £9VlKOt Klvnon<: 0£ µeyaA£<: 
anootaoea<: yaa Aoyapaaoµ6 twv Opyavaoµci>v TnAenaKoavwvaci>v. 
t>trwt £xea ylvea cpavep6 an6 Ta nponyoUµeva KecpaAaaa, n KaTaoTaon auTn £xea 
aAAa£ea twpa ouoaaotaKa. ITnv Eupwnn, n£pa an6 tout 6ae9velt opyavaoµout 
6opucp6pwv, opaoµ£voa v£oa cpopel<: napoxnt 6aaoTnµaKou TµflµaTo<: £xouv AaPea 
OX£TlKO a6£la an6 Ta Kpatn µ£An -t6oo Ol opyavaoµo( tnA£WlKOlVWVlcOV OTO 
£9VlK6 en(ne6o 6oo Kal aAAol opyavaoµo( CPA£n£ 1lygKq 2). 
npoKeaµ£vou va Ka9opao9e( ouveKTlKO npootyyaon 6oov acpopa tn µdAovtaKn 
np6oPaon oto 6aaotnµaK6 tµflµa -Ka9ci>t Kaa tnv napoxn tou -e(vaa anapaltnto 
va Ancp9ouv un64Pn 6uo PaoaKol µnxavaoµo( nou Ka9op(~ouv Tl<: tp£xouoe<: 
pu8µloeat tou 6aaotnµaKou tµflµatot otnv Eupci>nn: 
Ol 6ae9ve(<: 6eoµ£U0£lt TWV KpaTcOV µeAwv OTOV Toµ£a TOU OUVTOVlOµou TWV 
OUXVOTOTWV Ka l tnt XPnont tnt TPOX la<: OTO nAa ( 0 l 0 tn<: Al £9VOU<: 'Evwon<: 
TnA£WlKOlVWVlWV, TOU µ6vaµou opyavou tn<:, tn<: Al£9VOU<: Enltponn<: 
Kataypacpnt ruxvotntwv Kaa tou avtlotoaxou Kavovaoµou Pa6aoenaKoavwvaci>v 
nou £xea ouµcpwvn9e{ nayKooµ{w<:. To 9£µa aut6 £xea Saye( OTO KecpaAaao 
11. Aut6 onµa(vea 6ta ta Kpatn µ£An, oto nap6v ota6ao, µnopouv va 
Kavnoouv µeµovwµ£va Tl<: 6aa6aKaole<: nou anaatouvtaa t6oo y1a tn XPnon 
twv ouxvotntwv 6oo Kaa tn<: tpox1a<:, 
oa 6ae9velt 6eoµeuoeat twv Kpatci>v µeAci>v £vavta twv 6ae8vwv opyav1oµwv 
tnhntKOlVWVlaKcOV 6opucp6pwv INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT Kal TOU eupwna"iKOU 
opyav l oµou T nhna KO l vwv l aKcOV 6opucp6pwv EUTELSAT' Ka8ci>t Ka l TWV 
avt ( oto a xwv ouµpaoewv Ka a ouµcpwv a wv eKµetaHeuon<:. Ta oto l xe (a twv 
ouµcpwv l wv autci>v nou evhouv KecpaAa l ci>6n onµao (a ya a tnv np6oPaon OTO 
6aaotnµaK6 tµflµa nou nap£xouv oa opyavaoµo( auto( -Kat y1a tn xpnon 
tou tµnµato<: autou -e(vaa 01 6aata£ea<: nou nap£xouv ota ouµpaAA6µeva 
µ£pn TO anoKA£lOTlK6 6aKa(wµa 6aa8eon<: TOU 6opucpoplKOU 6uvaµlKOU (TOU 
6aaotnµaKou tµnµatot> otou<: cpopel<: napoxn<: 6opucpop1Kci>v unnpeoaci>v, Ka8ci>t 
Kal 01 61ata~£lt nou acpopouv TOV OIKOVOµlK6 Kal T£XVlK6 OUVTOVI0µ6 TOU 
6aaotnµaKou tµflµato<: nou np£nea va napaox£8e( an6 aHout opyavaoµou<: 
(cpopelt napoxnt 6aaotnµaKou tµnµatot). 
-100 -
~nw~ txe1 ava,ep9e[ napanavw, n Kataotaon txe1 nep1nAaKe[ aK6µn nep1oo6tepo 
6£6oµtvou 6t 1 6Aa ta Kpatn µHn txouv c~ouo 1o6otnoe1 tou~ opyav 1 oµou<; 
TllAEfflKOlVWVlWV va evepyouv w~ ouµPaAA6µcva µtpn TWV ouµ,WVlWV 
EKµEtaAAeuon~ twv 61e8vwv opyav1oµwv tnAen1Ko1vwv1aKwv 6opucp6pwvC80) evw, 
oe noAAa Kpatn µtAn, ot opyav10µ0( auto( txouv enlon~ avaAaPet va 
avtanpoowncuouv ta Kpatn µ£An oto nAaloto twv 6ta6tKaotwv tn~ ITU. 
Me t n ouvcxw~ au~av6µevn 6 t a'°pono [non twv 6opucpop t Kwv £,apµoywv Ka 1 to 
ouvexw~ au~av6µevo ap18µ6 twv 'optwv eKµetaAAeuon~ nou ent8uµouv va 
napaoxouv 6uvaµ t K6 6 t aotnµ 1 Kou tµtiµato<; Kat In 6opu,op t KE~ unnpeo ( £<; µtow 
TOU 6taOTllµlKOU tµtiµato<;, Ol opyavtoµo( tllA£nlKOlVWVlWV pp(OKOVTat 0£ 
Ot1V£XW<; 6uoKoA6tepn eton 6e6oµ£vou 6tt c(vat ouyxp6vw<; uno~.;,101 oe 
61aywv1oµouc Kat avaettouoec apxtc. H tAAet~n 61axwptoµou µeta~u twv 
KaVOVtOTlKWV AEtTOUPVlWV Kat TWV AElTOUPYlWV £Kµ£taAAeuont o6nye( onµepa 0£ 
OUV£XW<; au~av6µevo apa9µ6 ffEPlffTWOEWV ouyKpouont ouµ,ep6vtwv. 
npoKeaµtvou va eu8uypaµµ1otouv 01 pu9µ[oet~ 01 oxettKEt µc tnv np6opaon oto 
6 t aon1µ t K6 tµflµa -Ka 1 nw napoxn tou tµtiµato<; autou -µc tn vcv t Kti 
noAtTtKt'l otnt Kotv6tntat OTOV toµta TWV tnAentKOlVWVlWV, nptnet va 608£[ 
£µ,aon oe noAAtt PaotKEt apxtt: 
otnv apxn Tilt avotKttit Kat anoteAeoµattKti<; np6oPaon<;, nou Pao(~etat oe 
6ta6tKaOIEt avttK£tµ£VlKEt, 6ta,ave(<; Kal XWPlt 6taKp(oet~ , 
OTO oa,n 6 t axwp t oµ6 TWV Kavov t OT l KWV b I TOUPY I WV Ka I TWV A£ l toupy l WV 
eKµetaHeuon~. 
otnv nAnpn e,apµovn twv 6tata~ewv tnc ouv8tiKn~. Kai t6lw~ twv Kav6vwv 
avtaywv1oµou. 
Ta Kpatn µ£An e [ va 1 unoxpewµtva va aoKouv tnv en 1 ppon tou<; t6oo y 1 a va 
£fflTUXOUV TllV e,apµoyti TWV 6l£9VWV ouµ,WVtWV OUIJ,WVa IJE Ttt 6tata~Ett Tilt 
ouv0nKn~. 6oo Kat yta va ano,aoloouv oxet1Ka µs tnv tponolnon twv ouµ,wvtwv 
autwv. Ot 6uvat6tntet ouyKpouon~ nou napouota~e1 n onµsp1vn Kataotaon 6oov 
a,opa tout Kav6ve~ tnt ouv9tiKll~ ano6£tKvuetat an6 Tt~ apxtt nou 
6tatunwvovtat OTtt Katsueuvtnp1e~ o6nvlet Tll~ En1tpontit via tnv c,apµoyn 
TWV KOl VOT t KWV Kav6vwv avtaywv lOIJOU OTOV toµta TWV tnAsnt KOl vwv 1wvC81), 
600V a'°pa TllV £,apµoyfl TWV ap9pWV 85 Kat 86 OTOUt 6opu,6pOUt: 
(80) Itnv nep(ntwon TOU EUTELSAT, TO ap8po 11.p) Tilt ouµpaont op(~£t 6tt "Ka9e 
Mtpoc; op ( ~e: t 611µ60 t 0 .; t 6 t WT l K6 opyav l oµ6 tnAsn l KO l vwv t WV UffOKE ( µevo OTll 
6tKato6oo(a Tou va unoypa~et tn ouµ,wv(a eKµetaAAeuont. £Kt6~ av to Mtpo~ 
aut6 tnv unoypa~et To (6to". 
Itnv nep(ntwon TWV INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT, ta 1006uvaµa ap8pa e(va1 
avt(OTOtXa ta ap9pa I l.P) Kal 2.3. 
Ta neptoo6tspa Kpatn µtAn txouv op(oet TOU~ 6lKOU~ TOUt £9VlKOUt 
opyavaoµou~ tnAentKotvwv1wv (y1a nep1006Tepet Aentoµtpe1e~ PAtne xlygKg 1). 
H ITaA(a txe1 6nµtoupytioe1 tvav et6tK6 opyavtoµ6 (TELESPAZIO). To Hvwµ~vo 
Bao(Aeto txe1 6nµtoupynoe1 to "Signatory Affairs Office", Oto nAa(o10 tnc 
British Telecom, aAAa n BTI ouvsxl~e1 va txet nAnpn xpnµatoo1Kovoµ1Kn 
eu8uvn. 
(81) npoc 6nµoo(euon. 
-101 -
" ... 01 ouµcpwvls<: µua~u OT (Opyavaoµwv T11h111Ko1vwv1wv> 11ou acpopouv Tl1 
AElTOUpy(a TWV 6opucpoplKWV OUOTl11JQT(l)V µ£ Tl1V £UPUT£Pl1 tvvoaa eµ11(11touv OTO 
11£6(0 ecpapµoyn<: TOU ap9pou 85. 1000Y acpopa TO 6UVQIJlK6 6taOTl11JlKOU 
tµnµato<:, 01 OT avTaywvl~ovtaa µeTa~u tout; site 11payµat1Ka site 6uY11T1Ka. 
I:uyKEVTPWYOVtat; TO ouvoAo n µtpot; TWV 11wAnO£WY TOU 6uvaµ' KOU 6' aOTl11J' KOU 
TIJnlJOTO<:, 11£PlOp(~OUV TOY OVTOYWVIOIJ6 IJETQ~U TOU<: •.• navTW<: 01 11£Pl0Pl01JO( 
OTl1 6uYat6t11ta avtaywv 1 oµou £K µtpout; TP ( twv sv6b£ta 1 va a110KA£ I oouv Tl1 
6uvat6t11ta a11aAAavn<:. npt11e1 £111011<: va £~£taot£1 Kata 116oov 01 
OUIJ«pWY ( £<: audt; £V l OXUOUV 0110 l a6n110T£ 1JEIJOVWIJEV11 n KO l vn 6£0116~0UOa 9£011 
TWV IJ£PWV, 11payµa TO 0110(0 ea a11£KA£l£ £11(011<: Tl1 XOPnYl1011 TETOlat; 
a11aAAavn<:. Aut6 µ11op£( va ouµPalvea 161altspa say 11 ouµcpwv(a 11poPAt11e1 6t1 
Ta µtp11 £ ( va' a110KA£' OT' KO ( 6' avoµe ( <: IOU 6uYaµ' KOU 6' QOTl11J' KOU TIJOIJOTO<: 
11ou 11poPAt11e1 11 ouµcpwvla ••• " 
"E11lo11<: elvaa µaAAov a11(eavo va xop11y118e( a11aAAavn 6tav 11 ouµcpwv(a txsa oav 
anottAeoµa tl1 011µavt1Kn µelwo11 tl1<: 11poocpopat; 0£ µla oA1yo11wA1aKn ayopa Kat 
011wo6n11ot£ 6tav ouvene(a Tl'l<: ouµcpwvla<: 11apeµ1106(~£ta1 o µova61K6<: 111eav6<: 
avtaywvaotn<: ev6<: cpop£a 11apoxn<: u1111peo1wv 11ou Kattx£1 6son6~ouoa eto11 oe 
µI a 6e6oµtv11 ayopa va napaox£ a ave~apt11ta t 1 <: u1111peo l £<: tou. Aut6 ea 
IJ110POU0£ va 011µa(ve1 11apaf3ao11 TOU ap8pou 86 .•• " 
4. 1 EEaaceaA a go 61 a6 a Kao a wy aYT 1 Kea uey 1 KWY. 6 a aceavwv Ka 1 xwo I c 6 a aKO l gs a c Ka a 
61axwp1gu6c Tfl>Y Kayoy1gt1Kwy Ae1touov1wy Kai Tfl>Y Ae1toupy1wy £KuetaAA£ugnc 
'Otav o 1 opyav 1 oµo ( t11h111KO1vwv1 wv £ ( va a ouvxp6vwt; u110'1Jncp 1o1 os 
61aywY1oµou<: Kai ava9£touoe<: apxt<:, e11e16n 01 KaYov1ot1Kt<: A£1toupy(e<: Kat 
01 Aeatoupy(£<: £K1J£taAAeuo11<: 6ev £lvaa p11ta 61axwp1oµtv£t;, u11apxouv oacpci>t; 
1118av6Tl1T£<: OUYKPOU011<: ouµcpep6vtwv. Aut6 l0XU£l Kup(wt; OI11V 11ep(11two11 TOU 
OUVTOVIOIJOU TWV ouxvotntwv Kat Tl'l<: XPnOl'l<: Tl1<: tpoxaa<:, Tl1<: EK60011<: a6£lWV 
£K1J£taAAeuo11<:, Tl1<: 11ci>A11011<: TOU 61aOtl11JlKOU tµnµaTO<: TWV INTELSAT, INMARSAT 
Kat EUTELSAT an6 IOU<: opyavaoµout; Tl1A£11lKOlVWVlWV 0£ aAAout; cpop£(t; 11apoxn<: 
U1111P£0lWV, Ka9wt; Kai TWV 61a61Kao1wv OUVTOYlOIJOU µ£ TOU<: 61e8ve(t; 
opyav 1 oµou<: t11Ae111KO1vwv1 aKwv 6opucp6pwv 11ou 11pt11e 1 va scpapµ6~ovta 1 a116 
aAAout; cpope(t; 11apoxnt TOU 6taOTl11JIKOU tµnµatot;. 
H apxn TOU 6' axwp I oµou TWV Kavov I OT' KWV A£' TOUPY 'WV Ka' TWY A£' toupy I WY 
eKµetaHeuo11t txea tdel oe £cpapµovn oto daloao t11<: yeY1Kn<: 110A1t1Kn<: 
Tl1<: Ko1Y6t11tat; OTOY Toµta TWV Tl1A£11lKOlV(l)VlWV Otlt; 0611yl£<: 88/301/EOl((82) 
Kaa 90/388/EOKC83). H 0611y(a 90/388/EOIC 11popU11e1 6t1 "ta Kpat11 µtA11 
µep a µvouv wot£ 11 x0Pnv11011 a6e a wv £K1J£taH£uo11<:, o tAEvxo<: twv EYKP l o£wv 
tu11ou Kat twv u11oxpewt1Kwv 11po61aypacpwv, 11 Katavoµn TWY ouxvotntwv Kat 11 
(82) 0611y(a Tl1<: E111tpo11n<: Tl1<: 1611<: Matou 1988 OX£TlKQ IJE TOY avtaywy10µ6 OTl<: 
ayoptt; Tl1A£11lKOlV(l)VlaKWV TEpµaTlKWV (88/301/EOK). 
(83) 0611y(a Tl1<: E111tponn<: Tl1<: 2811<: louvlou 1990 oxetaKa µs tov avtaywv10µ6 Ott<: 
ayoptt; TWV TflA£11lKOlV(l)VlaKWV U1111P£0lWV, EEL 192, Tl1<: 24.07.1990, o.10. 
-102 -
snonTela TWY 6pwy XPnonc; Ya npayµaTonoaouYTat an6 cpopta aY£laptnto an6 Touc; 
opyayaoµouc; TnlentKOlYWYlWY". 
LTO ~ncptoµa TOU ruµl3oul(ou tnc; 30nc; IOUY(ou 1988 OX£TlKO µe tnY aYantuln 
tnc; KOlYnc; ayopac; TWY unnp£OlWY Kal TOU £lonltoµou OTOY toµta TWY 
tnlentKotvwvtwvC84) unoypaµµl~etat n onµaola tnt apxnc; autnc; yta to ouYolo 
TOU Toµta TWY Tnl£WlKOlYWYlaKWY Kal OTO ~n,toµa TOU Iuµl3oul(ou 90/C 
166/02(85) uneYeuµ(~eTal 6Tt o ouYtoYaoµ6c; TWY pa6toouxvotnTwv nptnet Ya 
Tnpe[ TnY apxn tou 6taxwpaoµou Twv KavoYtOTtKwv apµo6aoTnTwv Kat TWY 
apµo6totntwv eKµsTallEuonc;. 
Et6tK6tepa, ot 6aa6tKaolEc; nou acpopouv tn 6taeeon ouxYotntwY Kat TOY 
analTOUµevo OUVTOVl0µ6, Ol ono[ec; txouv eeonlOT£l OTO nlalOlO TOU 
KaYovtoµou Pa6tosntKolYWYlWY, nptnEt va tnpouv TnY apxn auTn Kat Ya 
ecpapµ6~ovtal µ£ Tp6no aYtlK£lµ£YtK6, 6tacpavn Kat xwplc; 6taKplo£tc;. 
ea npE:nE' en I one; Ya elaocpal ( ~oYTa' 6 t a6 t Kao l Et aYT 'KE' µeY' Ktc;, 6 t acpaY£ l c; 
Kat xwplc; 6taKploetc; Kaewc; Kat o nlnpnc; 6aaxwptoµ6c; twY KaYoYtotlKWY 
XEtTOUPYlWY Kal TWY A£lTOUPYlWY EKµ£TalXeuonc; 6oov acpopa tnY np6ol3aon OTnY 
Tpoxaa vaa TnY napoxn Tou 61aoTnµaKou Tµnµatoc;. 
4.2. no6gBggn QTO 6uygutK6 TOU 6taQTDUlKOU TUDUQTOC 
T6oo oa ouµcpwy[ec; twv 6aeevwv opyaYaoµwv TnXentKotvwvtaKWY 6opucp6pwY 
INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT 6oo Kal n ouµcpwy(a OX£TlKO µ£ TOY Eupwna"(K6 
OpyaYl0µ6 Tnl£WlKOlVWVlaKWY 6opucp6pwY (EUTELSAT) naptxouY Otouc; 
ouµPaXX6µevouc; TO anoKXElOTlK6 6tKa[wµa 6taeeonc; TOU 6uvaµlKOU TOU 
6taotnµtKOU tµnµatoc; TWY opyaYlOµWY aUTWY Otouc; XPnOT£c; n cpope(c; napoxnc; 
unnpeoawyC86). 
rto 13aeµ6 nou ot unoypacpoYtec; KaTtxouY 6£on6~ouoa eE:on Kata tnY £yvota Tou 
ap0pou 86, ea np£n£t Ya nap£xouy TO 61ae£01µ0 6taotnµtK6 tµnµa 0£ 6louc; 
touc; 6uvntlKOUc; XPnOt£c; 0£ 6(Katec; Tlµec; Kat xwplc; 6taKp(oetc; ouµcpwya µ£ 
TO ap8po 86(a) Kal (y). Enlonc;, cpa(V£Tal 6tl 6£V ea £[Vat 0£ 9£on Ya 
(84) •ncptoµa TOU Iuµpoul(ou tnc; 30nc; IOUY(ou 1988 OXETlKO µe TnY aYantuln Tnc; 
KO l vnc; ayopac; TWV unnpEO l WY Ka l TOU £lonl l oµou OTOY toµ£a TWY 
TflA£WlKOlYWVlWY we; TO 1992, EEC 257 tnc; 04.10.1988, 0.1. 
(85) •ncptoµa Tou IuµPoullou Tnc; 28nc; louYlou 1990 OXETtKa µe TnY EYloxuon Tnc; 
eupwna·iKr\c; ouvepyao ( ac; oTov Toµta twY pa6 t oouxYoTntwY 6ooY acpopa, a 6 (we;, 
Ttc; unnpeolec; naveupwna1Knc; 6taotaonc;, EE c 166 Tnc; 07.07.1990, o.4. 
(86) ITnY nep(nTwon TOU EUTELSAT, n ouµcpwy(a £KµEtalleuonc; npoPl£n£l OTO ap8po 
16a) 6Tt "oa atTnoeac; yaa £KXWPnon 6uvaµtKou Tou 6taotnµtKou TµnµaToc; tou 
EUTELSAT µnopouY Ya unoPaXXovTal npoc; TOY EUTELSAT µ6vo an6 IuµPall6µeyouc; 
n an6 apµ66 ta £lOUO l 060TnJJEYO Tnhn l KO l YWV l aK6 fl(>p£a Y la £6acpn £KT6c; T'lt 
6tKato6oolat; Mtpouc;". 
H 6 l OTaln auTn np£n£ l Ya £l£TO~£Ta l 0£ ouv6uaoµ6 µe TO ap9po I 113) Tnc; 
ouµl3aon<: nou 6l£UKPtYl~£t 6tt "Ka9£ Mtpoc; opl~£t 6n1.16o10 n t6lWTtK6 
opyav10µ6 tnlentKotvwYtwY unoKe[µevo oTn 6tKato6oola Tou va unoypa~ea T'l 
ouµcpwy(a £K1J£talleuon<:, £Kt6<: eay to ME:poc; auT6 tnY unoypa~et To (610. 
rta TOY INTELSAT Kat INMARSAT, ta 1006uvaµa ap9pa e(vat avT(OtOtXa Ta ap8pa 
15. a) Ka l I I .13) ' Ka l x Iv. 1 Ka l 2. 3. 
-103 -
analTOUV an6 TOU~ XPnOTEt AETCTOµEpElt nAnpo,oplEt 6aov a'°pa ta £µnop1Ka 
TOUt oxt61a Kal Tl~ unnPEOIEt (ouxva avtaywvlOTlKEt) nou OKOTC£UOUV va 
npoo,tpouv, 6£6oµtvou 6T1 auT6 ea µnopouoe va anoTcAtoel KaTaxpnon 
6eon6~ouoat eton~. 
H apxn Tnt µetaxelp1ont xwp(<: 6la1<p(oe1t nptnel va e'apµ6~£Tal oe 6Aet tlt 
KaTnyoplet xpnoTwv, elte np61<e1ta1 y1a 6nµ6olout elte y1a l61wt1Kout 'ope(<: 
napoxnt unnpEO l WV. 'ETO l , 0 l l 61 WT I KO ( pa61 OTnAEOTCT I KO ( '°PE ( t nptne I va 
µnopouv va AaµPavouv To 6uvaµ1K6 µEta6oont y1a Tnv napoxn unnpeo1wv 6nwt 
tn~ ouyKtvtpwon~ E16noewv, µ£ Tnv l61a TaxuTnta Ka1 un6 Tit l61£t 
np0Unoetoe1~ µe tou~ 6nµ601out pa610TnAEorct1Kout opyavaoµout. 
H KaAuTEpn Auon y 1 a va ano,EUXOE ( n v69euon Tou avTaywv 'oµou Ka l va 
ETC l TpanE ( n KaAUT£Pn 6uvaTn XPnon Ka l 61 a9eon TOU UTCQPXOYTOt 6 l dvou<;, 
E9VlKOU Kai 16lWTlKOU 61a0Tnµ1KOU tµnµato<; 8a ntav va ££ao,aAa09£( OTOUt 
xpnot£<: n an'eu9ela~ np6oPaon oto 6uvaµt1<6 tou 6taornµt1<ou rµnµarot Kat va 
En 1 rpane I oTou~ 'ope It napoxn<: rou 61aoTnµ1 Kou tµnµarot va naptxouv to 
6uvaµ11<6 rou 61aornµ11<ou Tµnµatot an'eueelat orout xpnoTe<;. 
To yeyov6t 6n o EUTELSAT nap£xE• TO 6uvaµ11<6 rou 61a0Tnµ11<ou rµflµatot 
an' EUO E ( at OT nv Eupwna ., Kn 'Ev won Pa6 I o•wv ( at ano6E I I< VUE l 6t ' n arr I £U8£ I a, 
µ/0Bo>0n TOU 61aorqµ1KOU rµnµaro,, XWPlt tnv naptµpaon TWV £8VIKWV 
opyavaoµwv tnAETClKOlVWVlWV £(Val 6x1 µ6vo E'll<TO aAAa tXEI n6n apx(OEI Va 
E,apµ6~Eia I . 
4.3. A1g611<ggl£c ouyroy1guou ue rouc A118v1lt Ooygy1guout TnA1q11<01ywy1QKWY 
Aopucp6owy 
01 ouµ,wvlet y1a rnv (6puon rwv a1e8vwv Opyav1oµwv TnA1n11<01vwv1a1<wv 
aopu,6pwv INTELSAT Kai INMARSAT Kal TOU Eupwna"(KOU Opyav1oµou 
TnA£TCIKOlVWVlaKWV ~opu'6pwv EUTELSAT npoPAtnouv 61a611<ao(a OUVTOVlOµou 
µe tout Aolnout 'opelt napoxn<: tou 61aotnµ11<ou rµnµato<:, WOT£ va 
61an1otw81( av 01 opyavaoµo( auto( unapx£1 nep(rctwon va unooTouv onµavt11<n 
OlKOVOIJlKO ~nµfa(87). 
(87) rTnv nep(nTwon TOU EUTELSAT, TO ap9po XVI a) Tnt ouµpaont npopAtrcea 6T1: 
"Ka9£ Mtpo<: "' ruµPaH6µevo<; TCOU OKOTCEUE I ' "' µa8a (VE I 6T I OTCO l o6nnot£ 
rcp6owno µtoa Otn 611<a106oo(a OUIOU IOU Mtpout OKOTC£U£l, OTOIJlKO n 
ouva1t1p11<a, va 6nµ1oupvno11, va ano1<rno11 n va xpno1µono1no11 1£onA10µ6 
61aotnµ1KOU tµnµatot ££XWPIOT6 an6 TO 61aotnµ11<6 rµnµa TOU EUTELSAT YlQ va 
y1a va avtaTCOKpl9£( OTlt avayKEt 61£8VWV 6nµ6olWV tnA£TCll<OlVWVlOKWV 
unnp101wv µtoa ornv nep1oxn rcou e(unnpera( To 61a0Tnµ1K6 tµnµa tou EUTELSAT 
Kai va npoo,tp£1 unnpeol£t ouµflCl)va µe Tit rcapaypa'°Ut a) Kai P> IOU apOpou 
Ill tnt ouµpaont, naptxe1 rcp1v arc6 T'l 6nµ1oupy(a, an61<tnon n XPnon, 6A£t 
Tit OXEIIKt<: nAnpo,opl£t otn IuvtAeuon TWV Mepwv µtow TOU IuµPouA(ou TWV 
ruµpaAAoµtvwv, TO orco(o TCIOTOTCOIE( av £(Val n18avn µ1a onµaYTlKO OIKOV0µ1Kn 
~nµla y1a TOY EUTELSAT. To ruµPouA10 TWV IuµPaAAoµtvwv unoPaAA£l tnv tK9£on 
TOU Kai ta ouµn£paoµata TOU OT'l ruvtAEuon TWV MEPWV. 
To apOpo XVIP) a,opa tnv TEXVlKO ouµPat6tnta TWV Ao1nwv 1£onA1oµwv TOU 
61aotnµ11<ou tµnµatot". 
r la TOUt INTELSAT Ka l I NMARSAT, ta I oo6uvaµa ap8pa £ (val avtl OTO l xa Ta 
ap8pa XIVy), 6) Kal OT) Kai 8.1. TWV ouµpao£WV. 
-104 -
6£6oµtvou 6Tl 01 61aTa~e1c; auttc; anoPAtnouv OTO OUVTov10µ6 yta OlKOVOµlKOUc; 
A6youc; Ka 1 , enoµtvwc;, µnopouv va nep 1 op ( aouv Tov avTaywv 1 aµ6 µeTa~u Twv 
opyav1aµwv 6opu,6pwv Ka1 Twv Ao1nwv '°ptwv napoxnc; Tou 6ta0Tnµ1Kou 
tµnµaToc;, To epwTnµa nou Tl8eTa1 elva1 Kata n6ao auµpapa~ovTat ot 61aTa~£1c; 
audc; npoc; T t c; unoxpeWae t c; nou en t PaHovTa 1 ata KPaTn µ£An 6uvaµ£ 1 Tou 
ap9pou 5 0£ OUV6uaaµ6 IJE Ta ap9pa 59, 86 Kat 90 Tnc; auvenKnc;. E (Va I 
npo,avtc; 6Tt o 1 61 aTa~e t c; aud:c; 6ev anoTeAouv Paa 1 Kn ana ( Tnon npoc; To 
611µ6a to auµcptpov n ono (a ea µnopouae va nsp top (as t v6µ 1 µa Tnv dsuespn 
napoxn unnP£0lWV OUµ~va IJE TO apepo 59 Tl'l<; ouvenKnc;, 6s6oµtvou 6Tl Ot EV 
A6yw 61aTa~s1 c; s ( va 1 o 1Kovoµ1 Kou xapaKrl/pa. AvT ( eua, ea µnopouaav va 
£TCW,£Aneouv an6 Tl'lV £~a(pean TCOU TrPOPAETr£Tat OTO apepo 90(2) Tl'lc; auv9nKnc; 
OTO Pa9µ6 nou elvat anapa(TflT£c; yta Tnv napoxn unnpsa(ac; yevtKou 
01KovoµtKou auµcptpovToc;. To epwTnµa nou tlesTat aTnv nep(nTwon autn, 6nAa6n 
av 01 unnp£alec; yev1Kou 01Kovoµ1Kou auµ,tpovtoc; µnopouv va naptxovTat µ6vo 
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aa,tc; 6T1 n an6cpaan 6£v ea nptn£t va Ancpe£l an6 Touc; Qpyav1aµouc; 
Tl1AEntK01vwv1wv nou txouv npocpavn auµ,tpovTa oTnv un6e£on auTn. 
EV naan TCEPITCTWaEl, 01 6taTa~El<; aUTE<; ea TrPETCEt Va epµnveUOVTat OUµ,wva µ£ 
Tl<; ana1TnO£l<; TOU KOIVOTtKOU 61Ka(ou, Kai t6(wc; OUµcpwva µ£ Ta apepa 59, 
85, 86 Kat 90. AuT6 anµa(VEI 6Tl Ta KpaTn µtAn ea TrPETCEt, KaT'Ecpapµoyn TWV 
61 aTa~swv auTwv, va tnpouv T'l Pao 1 Kn an6,aon Tnc; auvenKnc; Tnc; Pwµnc; va 
eEonloouv auaTnµa av6esuTou avTaywvtaµou Kat va 6taocpaAloouv Tnv sAsuespn 
napoxn Twv unnpE01wv. E16tK6TEpa, µ£ Tn ouornµar1KI/ a"opp1~n Twv 
avTaYWVtOTtKWV cpoptwv napoxnc; TOU 61a0Tnµ1KOU TµnµaToc; n µ£ TO ouornµaTIKO 
"ep1op10µ0 Tflc; 6uvaT6TnTac; avTaywvtoµou µ£ Touc; opyavtoµouc; 
TnAETC I KO t vwv I aKWV 6opu,6pwv' Ta KPaTn µHn ea napap ( a~av TI c; UTCOXPEWOE t c; 
TCOU TOUc; £n1PaAAOVTa1 µ£ TO apepo 5 Kai 90, 0£ ouv6uaaµ6 µe Ta ap9pa 59, 
85, 86 Kai 90 Tnc; auvenKnc;. To ap8po 90(2) ETCITPETCEI nap£KKA(oe1c; an6 TO 
apepo 59 Kat TOUc; Kav6v£c; avTaywv1oµou µ6vo OTl'lV £~atp£TlKn TCEp(nTWOfl 1tOU 'l 
£,apµoyn TWV Kav6VWV Tl'l<; ouvenKnc; ea £µ"061{£, VOµtKa n TCpayµaTtKa, TOU<; EV 
A6yw opyav t oµouc; va EKnAnpWo<>uv Tnv t 6 ta l T£Pn anooToAn nou Touc; txouv 
avaetae1 ta KpaTn µtAn Kai Ecp6aov n napeKKA1on auTn 6Ev avTlKeTat npoc; Ta 
ouµcptpovTa Tnc; Ko1v6TnTac;. npayµaTt, un6 Kavov1Ktc; ouvenKec;, elvat nteav6 
6n o 1 opyav 1 aµo I auto ( ea npoatcpepav Tl c; unnpea (Ee; VEY 1 Kou o 1Kovoµ1 Kou 
ouµcptpovToc; OTouc; neAaT£c; Touc; aK6µn Ka1 av ea tnp£TCE va avTtµ£Twnloouv Tov 
avTaywv10µ6 we; tvav op1aµtvo paeµ6. 
AUT6 £n1pgpa1WV£Tat an6 TOV Tp6no KaTa TOV ono(o aVTllJETWTC(~OVTat onµ£pa Ot 
ana1Tnae1c; OUVTOVlOµou. H 61a61Kao(a TCOU npoPUnETat OTO apepo XVI T'lc; 
ouµpaonc; EUTELSAT 6ev KaTtAn~e note OTO auµntpaoµa 6Tt tvac; avtaywv10T1K6c; 
cpopsac; napoxnc; 61aOTl'l1JtKOU Tµnµatoc; ea TCPO~EVOUOE onµaVTtKn OlKOVOµtKn 
~11µ(a OTOV LJTELSAT. AK6µ11 Kai OTflV nep(nTWOl'l autn, TO apepo XVI Tl'lc; 
auµpaonc; 6£V eµno6(~£t tva µepoc; OTl'l ouµpaan autn va OUV£X(O£l Ta OXE6ta 
-105 -
TOU Kai va XOPnYnOll a611a 01 £vav avTayWVIOTll<O cpop£a napoxn<: 61a0Tn1Jtl<OU 
T1Jn1.1aTO<: napa TO YIYOVO<: OT l aUTO 61v ea 61 aocpaA ( 01 I 08 aAAa µ£pn Tn 
xopnvnan twv anapaltntwv a611wv y1a t•<: avo61K£<: tsuE11<:. 
Evw n 61a61Kao(a nou npoPA£n1ta1 Oto apepo XIV(6) tn<: ouµPaOll<: INTELSAT 
£x11 KataAnE11, 01 µ(a n1p(ntwon, oto ou1.1n£pao1.1a 0T1 £vat avtaywv1ot1Ko<: 
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t1l1.1la OTOV INTELSAT, 0 opyavlOIJOt auto<: 61v £x11 taxe11 Kata Tll<: XOPOYllOll<: 
a611at OTOV IV Aoyw avtaYWVIOTIKO cpop£a. 
npo1<111.1£vou va 1EaocpaA1oe1I ot1 01 1v6sxoµsvs<: auy1<pouas1<: ouµcpspovtwv 6sv 
ea KataAft~ouv 01 vo1.11dt aPsPatOTllTlt, 1(va1 anapaltllTO, ouµcpwva IJI TllV 
apxn TOU 61 axwp l oµou TWV 1<avov l OT l KWV Ae l TOUPY l WV Ka l TWV As l toupy l KWV 
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Kavov I OIJOU TWV Kpatwv 1.1£Awv napa ano TOU<: opyav l OIJOUt TllAEtr I KO l vwv I WV' 
Aa1.1Pavo1.1£vou unO.n TOU KOIVOTIKOU 61Kalou. IE 1tEp(nTCl>Oll a1.1cp1PoA(a<:, 
svan6K£ttat otnv En1tponn va anocpaolos1 av 01 np0Uno8tos1t tou apepou 90(2) 
EKnAnpwvovtat Kai av Elva1 6uvaTo va tr£p1op1oeEI 0 avTaywv101.1ot EVOt aAAou 
avTaYWVIOTlKOU cpop£a napoxftt TOU 61a0Tn1JIKOU Tµftµatot. 
Otav £vat avtaywv1ot1Kot cpopta<: napoxn<: Tou 61a0Tn1.111<ou tµftµaTo<:, onwt 01 
TELECOM 1-2, ASTRA, DFS-Kopernlkus, BSB, ITALSAT "' HISPASAT, ExEl AaPst 
a6E1a ano £va Kpatot µ£Ao<:, an0AaµPavs1 Tilt EA1ueEPn<: napoxft<: unllpso1wv nou 
npoPA£nsTa1 OTO ap9po 59 Tilt auv9nKn<:. Eno1.1£vwt, EXEi 61Kalw1.1a va npoacp£pEt 
tit unnpsols<: Tou, I.IE TllV 1n1cpuAa~n op101.1£vwv Pao1Kwv anaaTnoswv npot to 
6nµ6o10 ouµcp£pov, OE oAoKAnpn TllV Ko1voTnTa. 
t>aov acpopa tn l.IEAAOVTIKO 61£K1tEpalwon TWV T£XVIKWV 61a611<ao1wv OUVTOVIOIJOU 
nou npoPA£novTa1 Ott<: ouµPaos1t, 01 61a61Kaols<: audt np£ns1 va 
scpapµo~ovtat 01 uv1n tsxv11<n Paoll Kat va paol~ovTa1 os psaA1ot11<a µovt£Aa. 
0 OUVTOVIOIJO<: auto<: 6EV np£n11 va XPllOllJOtrOtEltal oav TEXVIKO EIJtr0610 OTllV 
E(006o TWV aAAwv cpop£wv napoxft<: OTnv ayopa. 
4.4. KgB001gu6c twy T1u0Aovlwy g1 guygoTngn UE TO K6gToc 
H o6nyla tou IuµJ)ouAlou 90/387/EOK opl~Et, 6oov acpopa tnv np6opaon ot•W 
uno601.1n tou En I YE 1 ou 611<tuou ot 1 11 ta t 11.10Aoy 1 a uptus 1 va pao I ~ovta 1 OE 
avt11<s11.1sv1Ka Kp1tnp1a 1<a1 ... np£nE1 va 1lva1 Kat' apxnv upooavatoA101.1£va 
trPO<: TO l<OoTOt II • 
tva ano ta 1<up1otEpa xapa1<tnp1ot1Ka TWV 6opucpop1Kwv 1n11<01vwv1wv slva1 0T1 
to 1<6oto<: tout 1(va1 avs~aptlltO ano tllV an6otaOll. 
-106 -
not6oo, A6yw tou 6tttou touc; p6Aou, a''£v6c;, we; cpoptwv napoxt'lc; tnc; £nly£tac; 
uno6oµnc; Kat, a''Ettpou, we; ouµPaHoµtvwv µ£pwv, ot opyavtoµo( 
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l:£u~etc;. Enoµtvwc;, to texvaK6 nAeov£Ktnµa twv 6opucp6pwv nou ouvlotatat otnv 
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ouµcpwv ( ec; -µnopouv, OE op a oµtvec; 1t£P a nfi>o£ t c;, va £K,paoeouv µe a a oentt'I 
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opyavtoµo[ t11hntKotvwvtci>v txouv tnv tao11 va Kaeop(~ouv tac; ttµtc; tou 
6taOTl11JtKOU TOU«; 6uvaµtKOU 0£ OUVaPTl'lOl'l IJE TOU«; £t6tKOU«; OT6XOU«; tnc; 6tKflc; 
touc; £µnoptKnc; otpatnVtKnc; -tva napa6£ayµa Ktv6uvou £V6£x6µevnc; Kataxp11011c; 
6£01t'6~ouoac; e£011c; OTOV O'lt'O ( 0 £KT [ e£vta l 0 t U'lt'Oypa,OVTE«; IJE tl'l 0111JEP t vn 
6aa61Kao[a µetanwAnonc; 6uvaµ1Kou 6taotn1JtKou tµnµatoc;. 
H KataOTaOl'l autn ea aAAa~Et Pl~tKa µ6vo a,ou 6t£V£PYl'le£( O 6taXWPt0µ6c; TWV 
KaVOVtOTtKWV AEtTOUPVlWV Kat TWV AEtTOUPVlWV £K1J£taAAeuo11c; OtOV Toµta aut6, 
Kat µnoptoouv 01 'ope(c; napoxnc; 6uvaµ1Kou 6taot111JtKou tµnµatoc; va 
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avaµtv£tat 6tt, t6te, ta taµoA6yta touc; oxettKa µe to 6uvaµtK6 6taPlPao11c; 
ea npooapµOOTOUV 1t£P t oo6T£PO OTO KOOtoc;. Aut6 ea au~noe: t tl'l xpno11 TWV 
6opucpop t Kwv unnp£o a wv Ka9wc; Kat ta o,tA., otov toµta aut6, t6oo y 1 a touc; 
6ae9ve[c; opyavtoµouc; t11AentKotvwvtaKwv 6opu,6pwv 600 Kat yta touc; Aotnouc; 
'ope I c; napoxt'lc;. np6K£ t ta 1 y ta tvav Ka9op tot a K6 napayovta y ta t11v nAnPn 
xpno11 twv vtwv 6uvatotntwv twv 6opu,optKwv entKotvwvtwv. 
4.5. EUltOQlKD £A£u9ep(a ytg TOY EUTELSAT Kat ngpoxn 6uyqutKOU 6taQTDUlKOU 
TUOUQtOC 
H PaoaKt'I apxn tnc; noAttaKnc; t11hntKotvwv1ci>v e:lvat va enttPtC11£t 0£ 6Aouc; 
touc; 'ope[c; tnc; ayopac; va xpnoaµonotnoouv nMpwc; ttc; vte:c; tsxvoAoytKtc; 
6uvat6t11tec;. 
0 61axwptoµ6c; TWV KaVOVtOTlKWV AEttoupytwv Kat TWV A£ttoupytwv 
eKµnaHeuo11c;, Kaeci>c; Kat n n a o avo 1 Ktt'I np6opao11 Oto 6 a aot11µ t K6 tµt'lµa ea 
en t TPEC11ouv otouc; 'ope: [ c; napoxnc; 6 t aot11µ t Kou tµnµatoc; ot11v Eupwn11 -Ka a 
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Kataotouv npayµattKtc; sµnoptKtc; £11'lX£tpno£tc; nou ea s~ao,aA(~ouv TllY 
an'eueelac; eµnopaKn 61a81011 tou 6taot111JtKou tµt'lµatoc; otouc; cpope:(c; napoxnc; 
Ultl'lPEOtci>v Kat OTOUc; XPnOTEc; vtwv e,apµoyci>v. 
-107 -
npoc;; To nap6v, 6Asc;; o& sna,tc;; µs Touc;; xPnOT£c;; -6nAa6n µ£ Touc;; opyav&oµouc;; 
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11payµato1101ouvta1 µtow twv ouµPaAAoµtvwv, npayµa nou tx£1 npoE£vno£1 
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ouµ,£pov va µnv TO £Kµ&09WVOUV OTOU( T£AlKOU( XPnOT£( 0 OTOU( 6UVflTlKOU( 
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Iuµ,wva µ£ TO cpn' l oµa TOU Iuµr,JouA (OU OX£T l KO µ£ TOV avantu~n Tfl( KO l VO( 
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apxtc;; nou nep&txovtaa oto oxt610 twv KateueuvTnplwv o6nvawv yaa tnv 
e,apµovn twv KoavotaKwv Kav6vwv avtaywvaoµou otov toµta twv 
TOA£1tlKOlVWVlWV(89). 
To ap8po Ill tnc;; ouµpaonc;; EUTELSAT op(~El TO ne6(o £,apµoync;; TWV 
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Kaa Kata tnc;; xopnvnonc;; otov EUTELSAT tou 61KaawµaToc;; 6aaeeonc;; tou 
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unoypacpovtoc;;, svw o tsAsutaloc;; ea xpno1µ01101ouos to 61a0Tnµ1K6 tµnµa 
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KO l vnc;; ayopac;; TWV U1tOP£0 l WV Ka l TOU £~Od l oµou OTOV Toµ ta TWV 
TOA£1tlKOlVWlWV we;; TO 1992 (88/C257/EOK), EEC 257 Tfl( 04.10.1988, o.1. 
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onavla n (owe; Ka86Aou. IE nEp(ntCl>On nou npotKUWTE xaµnA6 noooot6 µETOXnc; 
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ota vta µtpn va npooxwpnoouv otnv Kolvonpa£(a tou EUTELSAT, av 6lanlotw9£l 
nap6µola unoentv6uon. 
4.6 ITQOlQKD npoqtvylQD 
Ta Kpatn µtpn o'ElAouv va tnpouv tlc; loxuouoec; 6le9velc; ouµ,wvl£c;, 
Aaµ(3avoµtvwv un6~n TWV UftOXP£Wo£WV touc; 6uvaµEl TOU KOtVOTlKOU 6lKa(ou -
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QUOTflPO TJlV apxn TOU O l axwp l oµou TWV Kavov l OT l KWY ht TOUPY l WV Ka l TWV 
A£lTOUPYlWY £KµETaAAeuonc;, yla TflV ano,uvn npo,avwv OUVKPOUOEWV 
ouµ,ep6VTWV. 
Ta Kpatn µtAn nptnel va unootnpltouv tlc; npotaoelc; -tou l6lou tunou µe 
£Kelvec; nou e£Etatovtal an6 tov INTELSAT -nou ano(3Atnouv otnv op9oAoylKn 
opyaVWOfl TWV OlaOlKaOlWY OUVTOYlOµou yta TflY np6An~n OlKOV0µ11<nc; tnµfac;, 
Ka8wc; Ka' va avaAaµpavouv nAnpwc;, oto 13a9µ6 nou np6KE' ta' v 'a Tll 6 l Kn 
Touc; 9£011 Otlc; 6la6lKaO[Ec; auttc;, Tl<; UftOXPEWOElc; Touc; 6uvaµ£l tnc; 
ouv9nKnc;, Kat l6lwc; twv Kav6vwv avtaywv1oµou. E1611<6tEpa, nptnEt va 
µeplµvouv wot£ va AaµPavETal un6cpn otac; 
-109 -
6la6lKaolec; auttc; to yeyov6c; 6tl n evlala KOlvf\ ayopo anoteAel µla µeyoAn 
£0Cl>T£P l KO 1t£P l oxn otnv £Upc.ona"CK{\ KA ( IJQKQ. 
tva OUOlQOTlK6 µttpo ttOU ea £1tETP£1t£ va 6l£UKOAuv8ouv Ol onµ£plvtc; 
6la6lKaolec; ea f\tav va ouµcp<l)vneel, µ6Aac; ylvea ano6£Kt6 tva 6opucpop1K6 
ouotnµa µe tn 61a61 Kao la ouvtov t oµou µe Poon to ouvoA 1 K6 6uvaµ t K6 tou 
ouotftµatoc; autou, 6t l ta Ao l no Kpotn µtAn ea Aaµpovouv aut6µata µtpoc; 
ot 1 c; apx t KEc; 6 l afJouhuoe 1 c; ev6c; Kpotouc; µ£Aouc; 6oov acpopo ono 1 o6nnon 
cpopta napoxnc; unnp£otwv, 6tav o £v A6yc.o cpoptac; enteuµe( va £tt£Ktelvet tac; 
unnpeo(ec; TOU 0£ oAAa Kpotn µ£An tnc; Kotv6tntac;. 
-Ta Kpotn µtAn nptn£ l va unootnp ( ~ouv t l c; ev£py£ l ec; nou oKott6 txouv va 
6l£UKOAuvouv tlc; 6ta6&KaO(£c; T£XVlKOU OUVTOVlOµou. 
-Ta Kpotn µtXn ocp£(Aouv va 61£uK0Auvouv tnv np6oPaon oto 6taotnµtK6 tµftµa 
nou naptxouv 01 6t£ev£1c; opyavaoµo( tnA£ttlKOlVWVlaKwv 6opucp6pc.ov, µtow tc.ov 
unoypacp6vtc.ov, Kat va µeptµvouv t6taltepa y&a tnv ecpapµoyft tnc; apxftc; tou 
Ka90plOIJOU TC.OV TlµoAoy(c,ov 0£ OUVOptnon µ£ TO K6otoc;. 
ttot, ea f\tav 6uvat6 va avantuxeouv anoteA£oµat&Ktc; 6ta61Kaol£c; y&a tnv 
unof)oA{\ an6 touc; ouµfJaHoµtvouc; a 1 tf\o£c.ov napoxnc; 6 t aotnµ l Kou 6uvaµ l Kou 
y&a Aoyaptaoµ6 tc.ov xpnotwv/cpoptc.ov napoxnc; unnpeoawv oto t6acp6c; touc;, 6nc.oc; 
txet ano6eaxe£1 an6 oploµtva Kpotn µ£An tnc; Koav6tntac;C90). 
Ta µetpa auto 9a µnopouoav va 6t£UKoXuvouv oµeoa tnv Kataotaon, aAAo 6ev ea 
Auoouv to paotK6 np613Anµa nou ouvtota n npooapµovn tc.ov ouµcp<l)vtwv oto vto 
nep t JJoHov, Ka l 6£v ea £~ah ( 'IJOUV tov KI v6uvo v69euonc; tnc; ayopoc; Kat 
OUYKPOUOO«; ouµcpep6VtC.OV. 
Enoµtvc.oc;, evw o l npc.otol3ouA I £c;: audc;: anonAouv tac; µova6 t Ktc; peaA l OT l de; 
6uvat6tnt£c; ppaxunp69eoµa OTO nAa(OlO TC.OV INTELSAT KQl INMARSAT, A6yc.o TC.OV 
61 eevwv n£p lop l oµwv, ta Kpatn µHn ocp£ ( Aouv, va £pyao9ouv µ£ OKon6 tnv 
nADpn engyeE£taon tnc; ouµcpc.ovlac; EUTELSAT 0£ eupc.ona1K6 ttAaloto. 
A6yc.o TC.OV oAtKWV touc; IJETOXWV £tttv6uonc; (88%) OTOV EUTELSAT, KQl A6yc.o TOU 
yeyov6toc;: 6tt n toon £A£u9tpc.oonc; nou onµe1wv£ta1 0£ oAA£c; £upc.otta1K£c; XWP£c; 
en1tptne1 va 6aacpavel eupe(a eupc.ona1Kn ouvalveon µe OKott6 tn µetapp6eµaon 
<13Atn£ K£cpoAaao IV), ta Kpotn µtAn ea nptne1 va AofJouv 6e6vtc.oc; un6cpn tic; 
U1tOXP£WO£ l c; Touc; OUIJcp<l)VQ µ£ TO KO l VOT l K6 6 (Ka l 0 Ka l va avaAol3ouv Tnv 
(90) rta napo6e&yµa, to Hvc.oµtvo Baolhto 6nµtoupynoe To "Signatory Affairs 
Office" (ypacpe(o apµ66to y&a tac; unoetoetc; tc.ov · unoypacp6vtc.ov) oto nAaloto 
TOU fJpetaVlKOU opyavaoµou tnA£ttlKOlVC.OVlWV (BT). 
En I one;, cpa I vet al 6t l , av Ka l o a a oxuouoec; ouµcpc.ov ( ec; npofJAtnouv 6t l o a 
enlonµec; aatnoeac; oTov toµta aut6 nptnea va nepvouv an6 tov unoypocpovta, 
t(nota 6£v eµno61~£l tnv an'eueelac; ouva'l>n texvaKwv ouµcpc.ovtwv, ouµcpc.ovtwv 
£KIJ£TOAA£uonc; Ka l oHc.ov ouµcpc.ov l WV IJ£ta~u TC.OV 61 £8vwv opyav l oµwv 
tnA£ttlKOlVC.OVlQKWV 6opucp6pc.ov KQl TC.OV T£AlKWV xpnotwv. 
-110 -
npwtoPoul(a va avanpooavatol(oouv Kai va npooapµ6oouv tn ouµpaon EUTELSAT, 
Ka8wc; Ka 1 tn ouµq»wv (a £Kµualhuonc;, ci>at£ va £laoq»al ( oouv tn µ1:yaluupn 
6uvatn avantuln TWV 6uvatotntwv TOU EUTELSAT, OUIJq»WVa IJE: TOU<; Ot6XOU<; Kai 
tic; ana1tno1:1c; tnc; 1:v1alac; ayopac;<91). 
ntpa an6 ta napanavw µttpa, n £nav£lttaon aut~ ea nptn£1 va KaAunt£t Kai ta 
napaKatw onµ1:(a: 
-an'1:u81:lac; np6oPaon oto 61aotnµ1K6 tµnµa tou EUTELSAT, nou anot£A£( 
avaµq»10Pntnta to onµavt1K6t£po tµflµa nou µnopouv va xpno1µono1ouv 01 
q»Op£(c; napoxnt £0Ci>T£PIKWV 6opuq»OPIKWV unnp£01WV OTflV Eupwnn, 
-TtAnpn £µnop1Kn av££aptnola Kai an'£u8£lac; £µnop1Kn 61a8£on tou 
61aOTfllJIKOU tµnµatoc; TOU EUTELSAT OTOUt XPnOT£<;, 
-£v6£xoµtvwc;, npooapµoyn twv 61ata£ewv nou aq»0pouv tn xpnµato66tnton Kai 
Tfl OUIJIJE:TOXfl, 
-npooapµoyn twv ouµq»wv1wv Wot£ va £u8uypaµµ108ouv an6Auta npoc; tic; 
unoxp£wo£1c; twv Kpatwv µ£Awv 6uvaµe1 tnt ouv8nKnc;, Kai 16lwt twv Kav6vwv 
avtaywv1oµou -6oov aq»0pa Kup(wc; tn µeAAovt1Kn enel£pyao(a twv 61ata£ewv 
OX£TlKQ IJE: TflV OlKOVOIJlKt'l ~nµ(a, Ka8wc; Kai Tfl µ£AAovt1Kn £n£££pyao(a TWV 
61a61Kao1wv T£XVIKOU OUVTOVIOIJOU Kai Tfl 61aq»ave1a 6oov aq»opa Tit 
61aotaupouµevec; ent6otno£t<;, Otte; neptntwoett nou auttc; £lva1 
anapaltntec;. 
5. Tunowolnon Kat syKplosac Tuwou 
H ene£epyao (a KataHnAwv npotunwv e (vat ~wt t Kilt onµao (at npoK£ t µtvou va 
£Kq»pao9e( un6 otKovoµtKouc; 6pouc; n eleu8tpwon tou £n(yetou t1.tn1.1atot Kat va 
6nµ1oupy118ouv 6teupwna1Ka 6(Ktua 6opuq»optKwv t£pµattKwv. 
To Eupwna1K6 IYOTtTOUTO Tunonolnonc; OTOV toµta TWV TnlenlKOtYWVtWV (ETSI) 
0a nptne1 Va 61a6paµat(O£t Ka00plOTtK6 p6lo an6 TflV ano~n autn. 0a 
anaatn9ouv optoµtva Eupwna1Ka np6tuna TnA£ntKotvwv1wv CETS) yta va 
£~aoq»aAto8£( n Ae1toupy(a tnt aµo1Palac; avayvwp1onc twv £YKPIO£wv tunou Kai 
TWV a6£tWY. 
(91) Tponono1no£tt otn ouµPaon µnopouv va anoq»aoto8ouv an6 ta 6uo tp(ta twv 
Mepwv, TWY ono(wv Ot IuµPaH6µevot txouv TOUAOXtOTOV Ta 6uo Tp(ta TWV 
OAIKWV IJE:TOXWV £W£V6UO£WV (ap8po XIX.IJ) Tflt ouµPaonc;), £VW Ot tpononotnoetc; 
otn ouµq»wv(a eKµetaAA£uonc; nptnet va anoq»ao(~ovtat an6 ta 6uo tp(ta 
toulaxtotov twv IuµPaAAoµtvwv nou Kattxouv £nlonc; touAaxtotov ta 6uo tp[ta 
twv oAtKwv µetoxwv £ntv6uonc; Cap8po 22.6) Tflt ouµq»wvlac; £KIJ£taAAeuonc;>. To 
Mtpoc; tou IuµpaAAoµtvou nptnet va en1PePatwoet tnv ~nq»o tou IuµPaAAoµtvou. 
-111 -
H T£XVlKt'I £1'ClTporrt'I TC-SES {£rcly£l0l OTa9µol 6opucpopwv) TOU ETSI, TCOU 
6nµtoupyft8nK£ yta TOY toµta aut6, txet oploet rroAueTtc; rcp6ypaµµa epyaotwY 
rrou Ka8op l tel Touc; TOIJ£ l c; rcpoupa t 6tntac; y la tnY £Krr6vnon 11potu11wY. Ta 
IJlKPO µov66poµa Kal aµcp(6poµa TEPIJOTlKO EXOUY aµeon 1tPOT£pat6tnTa. Ol 
epyaolec; ot OX£Ttdc; µe Ta Eupwrca"iKa npoTutta TnAettlKOlYWYlcOY y1a touc; 
e11lye1ouc; 6opucpop1Kouc; oTa8µouc; txouy apxlo£t 11po 110AAou. IuyKeKp1µ£ya 
rcp6K£lTQl yla TnY £TC£~£pyao(a oxe6(wy 1tPOTUTCWY yla Touc; tnA£01ttlKOUc; 
ota8µouc; µ6Yo At'l~nc;, touc; ota8µouc; µ6vo Ari~nc; 6e6oµtYwY, ta aµcpl6poµa Kat 
µoY66poµa TEPIJOTlKQ Kal Ta KlVnTa T£PIJOtlKQ xaµnAt'lc; taxuTntac;. 0 Otoxoc; TWV 
ttpOTUTCWV 8a £(Val U£TgEu aAAwy Ya IJElcOooUY 6oo TO 6uvat6 1t£PlCJ06T£PO touc; 
Ktv6uyouc; purcavonc; tou cpaoµatoc; arc6 ta tepµat1Ka µ6vo Ari~nc;, £Yw 6aov acpopa 
ta aµcpl6poµa TepµaTtKa, Ta 11p6Turra ea a110PA£rrouv otnv e~aocpaAaon Tnc; 
61aA£lTOUPYlK6Tntac; TWV 6lKTUWY IJlKPWY T£PIJOTlKWY 1tOU 61a8ttouv 
l Kavo1101 nt l Kt'I rcpooTao la Kata twv 61 acp6pwv tu11wv 11apeµ(30AwY. Ta 11p6turca 
rcptttel va erc1tptrcouv otouc; KataoKeuaottc; va 11apayouv uA1K6 11ou µrcopel va 
XPno1µ01101n8e( OTl'lY KOlYft ayopa. 
t>trwc; txe1 avacpep8el 11aparcavw, n aµolPala ayayvwpton twv eyKploewY tu11ou y1a 
TOY T£pµaTlK6 6opucpoplK6 £~0TCAloµ6 QTCOT£A£l µla a116 Ttc; KUpt6T£p£c; 
11p0Urco8toe t c; Tnc; aµo' Pal ac; ayayywp' one; TWY a6e 1 ci»v Ka' tnc; eyKa8 l 6puollc; 
KOlYftc; ayopac; 6opucpoplKWV T£pµaTlKWV. 0 Ka8optoµ6c; KOlYric; 9£onc; OX£TlKO µ£ 
TO oxt610 o6nylac; yla Tl'lY rcpootyy1on TWY Y0µ08£0lWY TWY KPOTWY IJEAWY 1tOU 
acpopouY touc; tepµat a Kouc; TnAerr t KO a vwv a aKouc; £~od l oµouc;, Ka9ci>c; Ka l ttlV 
aµo1Pala ayayvc0p1on Tnc; ouµµ6pcpwonc; TWY £~011A1oµwy auTci»vC92) oTo IuµPouAto 
"TnA£rclKOlYWVl£c;" tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990, rcaptX£l oto e~ric; tlc; 8eµeA1c06e1c; 
apxtc; 1tOU 1tPE1t£l va Tl'lPOUVTQl OTOV Toµta TWV £YKPlO£WV tU1tOU. H o6nyla autn 
ea rcp£rr£l va £TC£KTa8e( OTO 6opucpoptKa T£pµaTlKO. 
fle6oµtvnc; Tnc; pao1Knc; apxnc; 6Tt ot 6ta6tKaolec; tyKptonc; 6ev 11ptrcet va 
lOXUOUV OTlc; 1t£PlTCTWO£lc; 1tOU 9£WpOUYTQl a11apaltnT£c; yla TllY £~aocpaA1on Tnc; 
ouµµ6pcpwonc; 11poc; T 'c; Pao' Ktc; area' Tnoe' c;, o' 61 a6 t Kao l ec; audc; 11pt11e' va 
£cpapµ6tovTal µ6vo oTa 6opucpoptKa T£pµaTtKa 11ou ouv6toYTal µ£ To 6nµ6o10 
µ£Tay6µeyo 6lKtuo -6nAa6n Otte; rceplrcTWo£lc; rrou ot PaotKtc; arcatTrioetc; 11ou 
Ka8op(toVTQl OTO ttapattOVW OX£6to o6nylac; 9a £cpapµ6tovTal KOl OTO 
TepµaTtKa £K110µ11nc; yta Ta orrola n a11otpo11n Ka9e e11ttriµ1ac; rrapeµPoAnc; 
9ewpe(Tat PaotKt'I arcalTllon. Ta T£pµaTtKa µ6vo An~llc; rcou 6ev ouv6£oYTat µ£ TO 
6nµ6oto µeTay6µevo 6lKTuo 6ev 11ptrcet va u110PaAAovTa1 oe 6ta6tKaola tyKptonc; 
TU1tOU aAAa µ6vo 0£ arcalTnon OX£TlKQ µ£ Tn ouµµ6pcpwon TWY KaTaAAnAwv 
1tPOTU1tWV OTOY Toµta TWV µayvnTlKWV 11apeµ(30Awv, 6ta6tKaola TCOU 6£V elval TClO 
£TCOX9ftc; att6 Tl«; 6ta6tKaolec; 1tOU ecpapµ6tovtat OTOUc; 6tacpopouc; aAAouc; 
QOUPIJOTOU«; 6£KT£c;. 
'Eva Pao t K6 OTO' xe Io twv 6 t a6 t Kao t ci»v tvKP tone; Tuttou £ l vat 6T' 11pt111 t va 
u11apxe a oacpt')c; 6 a axwp a oµ6c; µna~u Twv Kavov a OT' Kwv Ae a Toupy a wv 1<a' Twv 
A£lTOUPYlcOV £KIJ£TaAAeuonc; 1tPOK£lµtYOU va a110Tpa11ouv Ol ava116cp£UKT£c; 
6tacpopeTt1<a ouyKpouoetc; ouµcpep6vTwv. H o6nyla 88/301/EOK{93) 11popAt11et 6Tt 
n xoprivnon £YKP ( 0£WV TUTCOU "rcpayµaTOTCO l £ (Ta l arc6 cpopta aY£~apt fl TO a116 Tl c; 
{92) KotYri &ton rcou u108h1lO£ TO IuµpouAto OTlc; 24 louA(ou 1990 £V6~£l T'lt 
hKP l Oil<: 06'lY ( ac; TOU Iuµ(3ouA (OU y la Tnv 11pootyy l on TWV voµo9£0 l WV TWY 
KPOTcOV µdwv OXET l KO µ£ touc; T£pµaT l Kouc; tnAett l KO l vwv l aKouc; £~01tA l oµouc;, 
Ka9wc; Kat TllV aµotPala avayywptOll tnc; ouµµ6pcpwonc; touc;. 
(93) 061lyla tou IuµpouAlou Tilt 16nc; Matou 1988 OX£TtKa µe TOY aYtaywYtoµ6 Otte; 
ayoptc; tnA£1tlKOlVWVlOKWV T£pµaTlKWV, 88/301/EOK, EE L 131 Tilt 27.05.1988, 
o.73. 
-112 -
6nµ6o1ec; n 161WTIKtc; £WIX£1Pn0£1<; 01 Ono(£<; npoo,tpOUV aya8a n/KOI 
unnp£olec; oTov Toµta Twv Tnl£n1Ko1vwv1,v". H apxn autn txe1 avayvwp108£( 
otnv Ko1vn nol1T1Kn tnl£n1Ko1vwv1'v wt 8£µel1,6ouc; onµaolat 0£ Ka8e 
61a61Kao(a tyKp1onc; Tunou Kai, Enoµtvwt, nptn£1 va £,apµ6~eta1 Kai y1a tnv 
eyKp1on TUWOU TWV 6opucpoplK'V T£pµaTIK,V. 
'Eva 161 a ( t£po np6Plnµa OTO nla ( o 1 o aut6 £ ( va 1 o 1 eu8uv£c; twv unoypacp6vtwv 
6uvaµ£ 1 twv onµep 1 v'v ouµ,wv 1 'v 6oov acpopa tnv en£~epyao (a Twv a 1 tnoewv 
eyKp1onc; twv en(ye1wv oTa8µ'v nou txouv np6o(Jaon oTo 61aotnµ1K6 tµnµa Twv 
61e8v'v opyav1oµ'v tnlen1Ko1vwv1aK'v 6opucp6pwvC94). 
H apxn TOU 61 axwp I oµou TWV Kavov I OT I K'V le l TOUPY, ,v Ka I TWV lE: I TOUPY, ,v 
£Kµetalleuonc; ea nptne1 va e,apµ6~eta1 enlont otnv nep(ntwon autn. talveTa1 
6Tl Ol UWOXP£,0£1t nou avat(8£VTOI Ota µtpn KOi OTOUt unoypacpoVTEt 6uvaµe1 
twv 1oxuouoci>v ouµ,wv1'v µnopouv va epµnv£u8ouv Kata tp6no ci>ote va 
~n1tptnetal n µvela Tnc; tyKp&onc; TUWOU OTOUt apµ661out KOVOVlOTIKOU<; 
opyav1oµouc; Kavov1ot1K'v pu8µ(oewv Ka8£ µtpout, npayµa nou ea enttpene va 
e~ao,al108el n nlnpnc; ouµµ6pcpCa>On npoc; tnv apxn nou txe1 8£on1otel. 
Ottwc; ava,tp8nK£ oto K£,ala10 111, 01 K1vnttc; unnpeolet nou Paoltovta& oe 
6opu,6po txouv avantux9el an6 tic; vaut1A1aKtc; K&vnttc; unnpeolet. Tn ot1yµn 
autn, wot6oo, 01 aepovaut&Ktc; Ka& 16lwt 01 K1vnttt unnpeolet ~npat 
anotelouv to en(Kevtpo tou ev61a,tpovtoc;. Op1oµtvet npwto(Joullec; txouv 
en1tpt~e1 tov npoypaµµat10µ6 noll'v ouotnµatwv nou µnopouv va 
xpno1µono1n8ouv oTnv Eup,nn y1a tnv anootoln µnvuµatwv, tnv tnle,wvla Kai 
tOV npoo61op10µ6 8tonc;, 6nwc;: 
-npoypaµµata nou txouv Katapt1ote( an6 tov EUTELSAT oe ouvepyao(a µe µ1a 
aµep1Kav1Kn en1xelpnon np0Ke1µtvou va napaoxeeouv unnpeo(ec; npoo61op1oµou 
atone; Ka9'c; Ka& unnpeolec; anootolnc; µnvuµatwv an6 to 1990, nou ea 
Kalouvta1 EutelTRACS, 
-n avantu~n an6 TOY INMARSAT t6oo vaUTlllOK'V 600 Ka& K&vnt'V unnp£0lWV 
~npac; nou xpno1 µono1ouv ,enva tepµat 1 Ka tunou "Standard-C" nou 
e~ao,alltouv µ6vo tn An~n 6e6oµtvwv Ka&, oto µtllov, ~n,1aKwv ,wvnt1Kwv 
tepµat&Kwv tunou "Standard-M", 
-f1 EY6 npon:(V£l £Upeona·iKn K&vntn 6opu,op1Kn unnpeo[a (EMS), 
-n npoeto1µa~ra tou ouotnµatoc; LOCSTAR y1a tnv anootoln µnvuµatwv Ka& tov 
npoo61op10µ6 9£onc;, µ£ eµnop&Kn XPnµato66tnon, 
(94) Etnv nep(ntwon TOU EUTELSAT, TO ap9po 16 tnc; ouµ,wv[ac; £Kµ£TaAAeuonc; op(te& 
6t1: " ... Ka8e 'optac; npoc; tov ono[o txe1 ylve1 eKxwpnon C61aotnµ1Kou 
tµnµatoc;) Kat'e,apµoyn Tou nap6vtoc; ap8pou, nptne1 va ouµµop,,vetaa npoc; 
6Aouc; touc; 6pouc; Ka 1 t 1 c; npoUnoetoe 1 c; nou txe 1 aeon I OE 1 o EUTELSAT y 1 a 
ttto1a eKxwpnon, £Kt6c; av, to Mtpoc; nou oplte1 tva ruµPaAA6µevo avalaµpave1 
autnv tnv eueuvn, oe neplntwon nou o IuµpaAA6µevoc; aut6c; txe1 un0Pale1 tnv 
altnon". 
-113 -
-n xpnon au6 uoAtttKou~ cpope(~ eKµetaAAeuont ouotnµatwv upoo6toptoµou 
eton~' 6ttw~ ta GPS/NAVSTAR CHnA)' GLONASS (EIIA)' Kae<Ot Kat 
ouµttAnpwµattKWV ttOAtttKWV 6tKtUWV (CNES/EYA, NAVSAT). 
Ot Ktvnttt 6opucpoptKt~ uunpeolet ~nPat ea ouyKevtpweouv oe µtKPtt et6tKtt 
oµa6£t XPnOtWV ttOU £ttteuµouv Va txouv aµeon KOAu~n Otnv £UPWttalKn KA(µaKa, 
6ttwt ot o6tKol Kat ot eaAaoo101 µetacpopelt. Evw ta eulye1a 6nµ6o1a Ktvnta 
ouotnµata ea e~eAtxeouv Kata tnv uapouoa 6eKaetla oe µa~1Ktt uunpeole~ uou 
ea e~uunpetouv eKatoµµupta xpnote~, avaµtvetat 6tt o apteµ6t twv Ktvntwv 
6opucpop t Kwv tepµat t Kwv 6ev ea avt t upoowueue 1 uavw au6 1-2X tou apt eµou 
tepµaTtKWV TOU µeAAOVTtKOU 6nµ6o1ou KU~£AWTOU (£tt(y£tOU) ouotnµatot GSM -
aK6µn Kat av ot uunpeolet auttt ea elvat ~wt1Knt onµaolat yta op1oµtvout 
eupwttalKou~ toµelt eµnop1Kwv 6paotnptotntwv. 
Ewoµtvw~, 6e6oµtvou 6tt e(va1 µaAAov anl8avo ta Ktvnta ouotnµata uou 
Pao(~ovtat oe 6opucp6pou~ va napeµno6l~ouv ato8nta tnv napoxn twv eulye1wv 
6nµ6otwv Ktvntwv ouotnµatwv, Kat 6tt ot cpopel~ uapoxnt uunpeotwv ettt8uµouv 
Va ttaptxouv Ota8eptt Kat Ktvnttt unnpeo1£t (n OUV6uaoµ6 Ota8£pWV Kat 
1<1vntwv uunpeotwv>, 1<a8wt Kat 6tt ta Ktvnta ouotnµata uou paol~ovtat oe 
6opucp6pou~ 6ev 61a,tpouv ato8nta att6 aAAet aµ,(6poµet e,apµovtt att6 onµelo 
oe noAAattAa onµela -ettet6n elva1 6uoKoAo va y(ve1 6tacpopouolnon µeta~u twv 
1<1vntwv 6opucpopt1<wv unnpeotwv CMSS) 1<a1 twv ota8epwv 6opucpoptKwv uunpeotwv 
CFSS) -ta ouotnµata auta 6ev ea nptnet va uwoPaAAovtat oe Kavovtot1Kout 
nEptoptoµout n 6tao,aA(O£t~ £KT6~ £K£(VWV ttOU £,apµ6~0VTat yta Ttt Ota8eptt 
unnpeolet. 
Enoµtvwt, ta Ktvnta tepµat1Ka 6opucpopt1<a ouotnµata uptttet va 6ttuovtat an6 
tout 1006uvaµou~ Kav6ve~ uou e,apµ6~ovtat 6oov acpopa tnv tyKpton tuwou twv 
tepµat1Kwv Kat tnv tK6oon a6etwv yta ta tepµattKa ouotnµata ota8epwv 
uttnpeotwv µ6vo An~nt, n £Kttoµnnt Kat An~nt. 
-114 -
00t6ao, OTO nAa(OlO Tl'lt Y£VlKnc; KOlVOTlKnc; noAltlKnc; KlVl'lTWV £WlKOlVWVlWV 
Kat Aaµpavoµtvnc; un6'i'n tnc; unooTnP•~nc; nou naptxe• n Kotv6tnta oe 6ta,opa 
6teupwna1Ka ouotnµata otov toµta aut6<95>, nptnet va napotpuveouv n 
6taAElTOUPYlK6tnta KQl ., ouµnAnpwµatlK6tnta TWV KlVl'lTWV 6opu,oplKWV 
OUOTnµatwv Kal TWV en(yElWV 6lKTUWV. 
~e6oµtvou 6tt ta Ktvnta tEpµattKa µnopouv va nepvouv ta ouvopa, n aµotPala 
avayvwpton twv a6etwv Kat twv eyKploewv tunou e~onAtoµou anoteAE( 
anapa(tntn PaotKn npoUn68£01'l yla Ka8£ ouotnµa £Upwna1Knc; 6taotaonc;. 
Ta npoava,ep6µeva µttpa evapµ6vtonc; nptnet, enoµtvwc;, va npoPAtnouv £t6tKa 
Tl'lV £A£U8£Pl'l KUKAo,op(a TWV KlVl'lTWV T£pµatlKWV 0£ oA6KAl1Pl'l Tl'lV Ko1v6tnta, 
Ka8wc; Kat tnv aµotPa(a avayvwpton twv a6etwv v•a to oKon6 aut6. 
7. PAAIOTHAEonTIKEI AOPY.oPIKEI YnHPEIIEI 
Ot pa6totnAeonttKtc; µeta66oe1c; nou npoop(~ovtat y1a to eupu Kotv6 nptnea va 
£~£tao9ouv OTO nAa(OlO tnc; Y£VtKnc; noAtTtKnc; TOU OWTIKOaKOUOTlKOU toµta Tl'lt 
Ko1v6t11tac; CPAtne K£,aAa10 IV). H µop'n auTn pa61otnhont1Kwv µeta66oewv 
unoPaAAetaa oe e16tKtc; pu8µ(oe1c; nou eeonl~ouv ta Kpatn µtAn ouµ,wva µe to 
KOlVOTlK6 6(Kalo, Kat 16(wc; Tl'l 0611yla 89/552/EQK(96) OX£TlKQ µe Tl'lV 
11t11A£6pao11 xwplc; ouvopa". 
Ot t11AeonttKtc; unnpeolec; Kat 01 ouva,elc; unnpEolec; 61avoµnc; avt1npoowneuouv 
onµepa 44X TWV £o66wv TWV '°ptwv £Kµ£TaAA£UOl'lt TOU 6taOTl'lµlKOU tµnµaToc; 
(95) npp. :Iuotao11 tou IuµPouA(ou tnc; 25nc; louv(ou nou a'opa tl'l ouvtov1oµtv11 
eyKataotao11 naveupwna&Kwv 'i'l'l'taKwv KU'i'£Awtwv 611µ6o1wv enlyeawv Ktvntwv 
£WlKOlVWVlWV OTl'lV Kotv6T11ta (87/371/EOK), EEL 196 Tl'lt 17.07.1987, o.81 
(OXETlKa µ£ Tl'lV £YKataotao11 TOU ouotnµatoc; GSM). 
0611y(a tou IuµpouAlou tnc; 25nc; louvlou 1987 oxettKa µe ttc; ~wve~ ouxv6T11ta~ 
nou ea 6tat£9ouv v•a tl'l ouvtovtoµtv11 eyKataotaon naveupwna"fKwv 'i'l'l''aKwv 
KUcp£AWtWV 611µ6o1wv enly£1WV KlVl'lTWV £WlKOlVWVlWV OTl'lV Ko1v6tnta 
(87/372/EOK), EEL 196 tnc; 17.07.1987, o.85. 
np6tao11 OUOtao11c; TOU Iuµr,JouA (OU OXET l Ka µ£ Tl'l OUVTOV l 0µ£v11 £yKataOtaon 
naveupwna"iKou ouotnµatoc; en (ye 1 ac; 611µ601 ac; pa61otnhe16ono (none; oTnv 
Ko1v6t11Ta, COM (89) 166 Tl'lt; 05.06.1989. 
(OXETlKa µ£ Tl'lV £YKQTQOtaon TOU ouotnµatoc; ERMES). 
np6tao11 0611ylac; tou IuµpouA(ou oxettKa µe Ttc; ~wvec; ouxvoTntwv nou 
napaxwpouvta1 y1a tl'l ouvtov1oµtvn eyKataotaon naveupwna1Kou ouotnµatoc; 
enlye1ac; 611µ6o1ac; pa61ot11A£e16onol11onc; ot11v Koav6tnta, COM (89) 166 tnc; 
05.06.1989. 
np6tao11 OUOtaonc; TOU IuµpouA(ou OX£TlKa µ£ Tl'l OUVTOVlOµtvn £yKataOtao11 TWV 
• .,,.aKWV Eupwna1KWV AoupµaTWV TnhnlKOlVWVlWV {OECT) OTl'lV Ko1v6TnTa, COM 
(90) 139 Tl'lt 12.06.1990. 
np6tao11 0611ylac; tou IuµPouA(ou oxet1Ka µe tic; ~wvec; ouxvotntwv nou nptne1 
opto9ouv Yla Tl'l OUYTOVlOµtv11 £YKaTaOTaon TWV • .,,,aKWV Eupwna1KWV Aoupµatwv 
TnA£nlKOlYWVlWV (DECT) OTl'lV Kotv6tnTa, COM (90) 139 tnc; 12.06.1990. 
(96) 06ny(a tou Iuµr,JouAlou y1a TO ouvtov10µ6 optoµtvwv voµo9£tlKWV, Kavov10TtKWV 
Kal 6lOlKl'lTlKWV 6tata~£WV TWV Kpatwv µeAwv OXETlKQ µ£ tnv QOKl'lOl'l 
Tl'lAEOWTlKWV 6paOTl'lPlOTntwv (89/552/EOK), EEL 298 Tl'lt 17.10.1989, o.23. 
-115 -
OTllV KOlVOTllTa Kat 75X TWV £o06wv TOU EUTELSAT. H 6opucpoptKn TllA£6paOll 8a 
anoT&Ato&t Tov aKpoywvtalo Aleo Tnt 61lµtoupylac Kat µ&Ta6oonc nav&upwnalKwv 
£KnoµnMV, Ka8wt Ka I Tilt avanuEllt npayµat I KO cupwna·iKOU Ont' KOaKOUOT l KOU 
XMPOU. 
OotOoo, nap'6t1 6tavtµovTal onµ&pa 60 TllA&onTtKO( 6(auAot µ£0(0 6opucp6pou 
OTllV EupMnll, ll Paoll TWV £o66wv Tilt 6opucpop I Knt TllA£6paOllt OUVEX ( t£' va 
&(vat noAu n&paop1oµtvll. Tll 0T1yµn auTn, ta (J(Op£utaKa too6a 61a,llµtoT1Kou 
xapaKTnpa Twv 6opucpoptKwv 61auAwv -nou ouv&xltouv va anoT&Aouv TllV 
KUPlOTEPn nllYn XPllµaTo66tllOllt noAAwv ano TOUC 61auAout aUTOUt -OUVEX(touv 
va avt1npO(J(On£UOUV µ6vo TO 4X TOU KUKAOU gpyaoawv Tnt tnAEOnTtKnt 
61a,nµ101lt OTllV Eupwnll. 
H µEAAOVTtKn avanTUEll Tilt 6opucpop1Knt TllAEopaOllC OTllV EupWnll ea £EapTn8£( 
0£ µgyaAo paeµ6 an6 tnv TaX£(a avanTu~n TWV T£pµaTIKWV DTH, an6 Tnv au~non 
Tou apaeµou Twv TnA£9£aTwv Kaa an6 Tn 61acpoponolnon Tnt £100611µaT1Knt 
Paone. Ta Koava npotuna µna60011c Ka9wt Kat 11 t£xv1Kn ouµPat6tnta ea 
anoT£Aouv tvav an6 touc Kup16t£pout napayovTEt nou ana1Touvta1 npoK£1µtvou 
va £~ao,aA108£l µgyaAll µ&p(6a TllA£9£atwv 0£ 6All TllV Eupwnn. 
t>trwt SXE' avacp£p9£ ( ' ., Tf'lhOnT I Kn µna6oon µtow TOU OUOTnµaTot EUTELSAT 
Kat, T£A£uTa(a, µtow aAAwv ouot11µaTwv onwt TWV TELECOM 1-2, DFS Kopernlkus 
Kai ASTRA, £~aocpaAlt£Tal an6 twv£c OUXVOTf'lTat nou npoopltovtal yaa TIC 
ota8£ptt 6opucpop1Ktc unnp£ol£c CFSS) Kai oxa an6 TIC twv£c ouxvotnTwv nou 
txouv 61aT£8£( µtow Tilt ouv61a0Ke•nt WARC '77 OTIC pa61ot11A£OWTIKSC 
6opucpop1Ktt UWllP£Ol£t CBSS), nou XP1l01µono1ouvTa1 an6 Tit unllP£Ol£t 
an'£U9£(ac pa6IOTllA£0WTIKWV µ£Ta60o£WV (DBS). To Y£YOVOt auto KaTSOTl10£ 
t6ta(t£pa 6UOK0All Tl'l 61acpopono(non µ£Ta~u TWV UW11P£01WV SSS Kat TWV 
pa610T1lA£OWTlKWV £,apµoywv OTO nAa(o10 TWV UnllP£0lWV FSS. 
Ta opta µ&Ta~u TWV UnllP£0lWV FSS KOi SSS ea y(vouv aK6µ11 nao aoacpn µ£ Tn 
61£p£uv11011 vtwv unllp£01wv Kai µ£ Tnv napoxn un11p£01wv µ£tacpopat 6£6oµtvwv 
an6 011µ£(0 0£ noAAanAa onµ&(a an6 tout cpop&lt napoxnt unnp&oawv nou 
xp1101µono1ouv Ttt twvet ess -Ka9wc Kat µe Tl'l xPnOll Twv twvwv ouxvotntwv 
ess an6 Tout cpope ( c napoxnt unnp£o' wv nou &pyatovTa 1 OTI c tMv&c FSS, µ£ 
oKon6 Tn µ£ta6oon Tilt HDTV CPAtne KecpaAaao 1 I). 
H OUµt(Ov(a nou ouvficp81l Kata Tll 6t£9vn Iuv6tOOKC•l'l TWV 6tOtKnO£WV 
Pa610£ntK01vwv1wv Tou 1977, nou avacptp£ta1 y&vaKa we npoypaµµa WARC 77 -n 
onola 61aett£1 0£ &ev1Kn Paon n&paopaoµtvo ap18µ6 twvwv ouxvoTntwv µ&ta~u 
£K£1vwv nou 61at(8svtat otnv unnpeo(a ess -txe1 ano6£tX9£( 161a(tepa 
aveAaot1Kn yaa va µnoptoea va AaPet unO.n tac vtec e~eAIEe1c. 
Evw 11 nAnPl'lC £A£u8£pwon TOU £n(ye1ou TµnµaTOt ea EWITPS.£1 TOXUTEPl'l 
6ts(o6uon TWV TEpµaTlKWV DTH OTO £Upwna1KO £n(ne6o Kai ea 6t£UKOAUV£1 Tl'lV 
£10060 twv cpoptwv napoxnt unnpeoawv 0£ vtouc eµnopaKout Toµslt, o toµtat 
auT6c nptn£1 va avT1µeTwn(oe1, enoµtvwt, Twpa 6uo en1nAtov OllµavT1Ktt 
ana1tnoe1c: tnv npo&toaµaola Tilt &navs~tTaOllt Twv KP•Tnplwv npoypaµµaT1oµou 
nou etontOE ., WARC'77 Kat Tl'lV npoW8non TOU KEVTPIKOU p6Aou TWV 6opucp6pwv 
yaa TllV naveupwnalKn saoaywyn Tilt TnAeopaOllt Y•llAnt EuKp(vstat (HDTV). 
-116 -
Ot arro,ao£tc; Tilt WARC'77 £lxav we; arrottAsoµa va rrap£µrro6(oouv TllV £,apµoyn 
Kal XPnOll TWV pa6lOTllA£0ttTlKWV 6opucp6pwv µtOfl> TWV T£XVlKWV rrou £(vat 
6ta8toaµ£c; onµ£pa. 
Ka8£ £rrav£~ETaOll Kat avarrpooapµoyn Twv urro8to£wv Kat KptTllPlwv rrou 
XPllOtµorrotOUVTat Otte; KQVOVlOTlKEc; 6taTa~£lc; TOU rrpoypaµµaToc; Tilt WARC'77 
rrptrr£t va Aaµpav£a urr6cpll To Ollµ£pav6 £rr(rre6o Tilt t£xvoAoy(ac; oTov Toµta Twv 
6opucp6pwv Kat TWV £~0ttAtoµwv An~llc;, Ka9wc; KOi Ttc; £µrroptKtc; avayK£c; OTOV 
Toµta Tilt 6t£P£UVllOllc; vtwv U«llP£Otwv. 
Ot texvoAoyla rrou arra1T£(ta1 arr6 ta eupwrra"iKa ouotfuJata arr'eu9£1ac; 
pa6 t 0T11horrt l Kwv µsta66o£wv 6£UT£Pllt y£v£at avarrTUOO£Ta 1 arr6 To 1985. o 
oT6xoc £lvaa va KataoKeuaotouv 6opucp6pot rrou µrropouv va £~ao•aAloouv KaAu~n 
rravrr£p t •£P£ l aKn Ka l rroHwv ~wvwv oto £upwrra·iK6 £« ( rr£6o Kat va µ£ta6 ( 6ouv 
r11A£orrT1Ktc £Krroµrrtc; u~nAnc; £UKplv£1ac;. np0Te(v£Ta1 -oTo rrAa(oao Tilt 
Y£V' Knt rroA It l Ktic; OttT l KOOKOUOT l KWV µtowv Tilt Kol v6Tlltac; -va KataPAn9ouv 
rrpoorra9£t£c; Wot£ va £~ao,aAto9£( µgyaAut£Pll ouvoxn yta touc; 6opucp6pouc; DBS 
6eut£p11c; yeveac; otnv Eupwrrll. Ot £upwrra"iKo( rravrrept•£P£taKo( 6opucp6pot 
rroAAwv 6tauAwv £V6laµ£011c; 1oxuoc; -6nwc; TO np6ypaµµa EUROPESAT TOU EUTELSAT 
-•alvetat 6tt arrot£Aouv 161a(t£pa £v6aa,tpouoa errtAovn t6oo oTo 01Kovoµ1K6 
600 Kal OTO T£XVlK6 err(rre6o. 
Yrr6 TllV rrpoorrtaKn autn, ea rrptrr£t va uao8£Tll9£l ouvTov1oµtvn rrpootvvaon µ£ 
oKorr6 va £rrave~eTaoTouv ta Kpttnp1a rrpoypaµµattoµou rrou txouv Ka9opto9£( 
arr6 Tl'lV nayK6oµ1a ruv6aaOK£~11 TWV AIOlKtiO£WV Pa6lO£ttlKOlVWVlWV TOU 1977 
6oov a•opa tac; pa61ot11Aeont1Ktc; 6opuqJOp1Ktc; urrnpeolec;. Ta tux6v 
arrot£Atoµata tilt ava9£wpnonc; autnc; ea nptrr£t va An•9ouv 6£6vtwc; urr6cpn yaa 
tov Ka9optoµ6 Ko1vwv eupwrra"iKwv etoewv otnv nayK6oµta ruv61aoK£~11 twv 
dlOlKtiO£WV Pa6tO£ttlKOlVWVlWV TOU 1992. 
tmwc; tx£t ava,ep9e( oxertKa µe tnv £vapµ6v1on twv TexvaKwv µ£ta6oonc; yta 
Tlc; 6opu,optKtc; pa6lOTl1A£0ttTIKEc; IJ£Ta66o£tc;, ., lOXUOUOa 061ly(a 
rraKtTa/MAc(97) Pao(~eTaa OTllV tvvota twv urrnp£01wv 6opUCfOPlKWV 
pa6lOTl1A£0tttlKWV µ£ta66o£WV, 6nwc; EX£1 OPl09£( an6 Tl'l WARC'77. H £V A6yw 
o6ny(a 8a Ati~£l Otte; 31 A£Keµpp(ou 1991. 
H rrpo£Toaµao(a µeAAovttKtic; 6paollc; otov Toµta auT6 nptn£t va arroPAtrret oTnv 
£vapµov a oµtvll Ka8' tpwon npotunou Tnh6paonc; Y~nAnc; EuKp l ve' ac; (HDTV) oe 
oA6KAl1Pl'l Tnv Eupwnn. Enlonc;, ea nptnet va £K,pa~e1 ro yeyov6c; 6tt -6rrwc; 
tx£ l ava,£p9£ ( rrapanavw -ea e ( va 1 61 apKwc; 6uoKoA6upn n 6 t a•opono ( noll 
µ£ta~u TWV pa610tl1A£OttTlKWV 6opu,oplKWV Utt11P£0lWV ouµ~va µ£ Touc; op1oµouc; 
Tilt WARC'77, Kal TWV pa61otnA£OttTlKWV £,apµoywv nou naptxovta1 OTO nAa(OlO 
TWV Ota9£pwv 6opUCfOPIKWV unnp£OlWV, Kat 6tl arratt£(Tal µeyaAUTEPl'l £U£At£(a 
6oov aqJOpa tll xpnon twv ~wvwv ouxvottitwv ess Kat FSS Otllv Eupwrrn. 
(97) 0611y(a TOU IuµpouA(ou OX£TlKa µ£ Tl'l 9torrt011 KOlVWV T£XVlKWV rrpo6taypa.Wv 
6oov a•opa TllV 01Koytv£1a twv npotunwv naKtta/MAC yaa tic; arreu9£lac; 
tnAeorrtaKtc; µeTa66oeac; µtow 6opu,6pou (86/529/EOK), EE L 311 tnc; 
03.11.1986, o.28. 
-117 -
a. napll""" 
H E11EKT001'1 Tl'lc; KO' vftc; 110A' T 'Kite; Tl1AE11' KO' Vfl>V 'WV OTl c; 6opucpop' Kee; 
E111Ko1vwvlEc; µ11opE( va pao1otEl OTl'l ouvalvEOl'l 11ou EXE• E111tEuxeEl µE Paon 
TO npaOlVO 81PA(o OXETlKO µE Tl'IV ava11TU~l'l Tl'l«; KOtvftc; ayopac; TWV U111'1PEOlWV 
KOi TOU E~o11A1oµou OTOV Toµta TWV Tl1AE11lKOlVWVl,V, 611wc; E1llPEPa1we11KE µE TO 
•ntioµa tou IuµPouAlou 88/C257/01 tnc; 30ftc; louvlou 1988. 
To µEAAOVTlK6 KOVOVlOTlK6 11Aa(o10 TWV 6opucpoplKWV E11lKOlVWVlWV ea 11PE11El va 
11Anpo( Tic; KOVOVlOTlKEc; 6taotaA(O£lc; 110U Etapµ6touv EV6£xoµtvwc; ta KPOTl'l 
µ£A11 OTOV toµ£a TWV Tl1AE11lKOlVWVlWV, ouµcpwva µ£ Tl'IV EV A6yw ouva(VEOl'l -KOi 
16(wc; Tlc; ouµcpwv(ec; OXETlKO µ£ µ1a Ko1vn 11poo£yy1011 OTOV Toµta TWV 
Tl1AE11lKOlVWVlQKWV U1111PEOlWV OTl'IV 011o(a Kat£An~£ TO IuµPouA10 
11T11A£1llKOlVWVl£c;11 tnc; 7nc; AEKEµPplou 1989. not6oo, 6EV ea 11PE11El va 
eE0111otel Kavtvac; 11p6oeEtoc; 11£p1op10µ6c; £Kt6c; a116 EKElvouc; 11ou acpopouv tac; 
£' 6' Kee; 11poU11oe£0£' c; OTOV Toµ ta TWV 6opucpop l KWV £11' KO' vwv 'WV, scp6oov ta 
µ£tpa aUTO ea µ11opouoav Va QlTOAOYl'leouv ouµcpwva µ£ TO KOtVOTlK6 6(KalO, Kat 
16lwc; touc; Kav6v£c; avtaywv1oµou, Kat ttc; 61eevelc; 6£0µ£uos1c;. 
H 11pooapµoyn TOU KQVOVlOTlKOU 11Aa1o(ou 11PE11El va ouµPa61t£t µE Tic; 
a11a 1 tnos t c; tnc; ayopac; 11ou txouv 11poo61op1 oee l • E • 61 K6tepa, ea 11p£11£ t va 
£1lltpa11E( 11 6uvaµ1Kft OV011TU~l'l TOU £11(YElOU KOi 6taOTl'lµlKOU tµftµatoc; OTl'IV 
Ko1v6tnta, va £K11Anpweouv 01 11poU11oetos1c; 11ou a11a1touvta1 a116 touc; xpftoTEc; 
y la Tl'l µEyaAn KO l vft ayopa TOU 1992, Va £11 l TP011E ( 'l dftpnc; OV011TU~l'l T'l«; 
P10µ11xavlac; 61aotftµatoc; tnc; Ko1v6tntac; otov toµta auT6 Kat va u11oot11PtX8£( 
11 KOlVft 110AtTlKft y1a £vav KOlV6 01tTlKOOKOUOTlK6 XWPO. 
To KOlVOTlK6 6(Kalo 11pt11£l va Etapµ6t£Tal 11Aftpwc; OTOV Toµta aut6. H 
Ko1v6tnta 6Ev µ11op£( va E111tpt•£• -ft va av£xesl -6T1 tvac; T6oo twt1K6c; 
Toµtac; ea ouvsxloE• va µriv KaAu11tsta1 a116 tnv sv1ala ayopa ft a116 to ouvoAo 
TWV Kav6Vfl>V 110U Tl'l 61£11ouv. 
Onwc; Kai 0£ aAAa tµftµata TOU Toµta Tl1A£11lKOlVWVlWV, tva Pao1K6 OTOlXEIO Tl'lc; 
ava11pooapµoync; TOU KOVOVlOTlKOU 11Aa1o(ou OTOV Toµta TWV 6opucpoplKWV 
E11tKOlVWVlcOV ea 11PE11El va Elva• ., apxn tnc; Katapynonc; TWV a110KAEtOTlKWV "' 
£161Kwv 61Ka1wµatwv Kat n avttKataotaon touc; µE ouoTnµaTa £K60011c; a6£1wv, 
oto paeµ6 11ou to e£µ1T6 611µ6o10 ouµ,tpov a11a1tsl Tl'l 6tatnp11011 Tfl>V 
KaVOVlOTlKcOV 61aotaA(OEWV. A116 Tl'IV 011~1'1 autft, 6oov atopa TIC 6opucpop1K£c; 
s111Kotvwvlec;, Elva• 161alt£pa onµavTtK6 va a11otEuxeEI Kaes E111tnµ1a 
11ap£µP0Aft Kat va Ante£( µtp1µva y1a TO ouvtov10µ6 Twv ouxvotfttwv. 
H Etapµoyn twv apxwv autwv a11a 1 TE l 660 onµavt 1 Kee; aHaytc; 11ou 11p£11s 1 va 
y(vouv 11p1v a~101101neouv 11Aftpfl>c; otnv Ko1v6t11ta 01 6uvat6t11tsc; 11ou 11aptxouv 
ot u1111psolEc; 6opucpop1Kwv E111Ko1vwvtwv, t6oo a116 touc; 611µ6o1ouc; 6oo Kat touc; 
161wt1Kouc; fPOP£lc; 11apoxnc; u1111pE01wv, Kat 01 011olsc; slvat: 11 EAsu9EPl'l 11apoxn 
Kai xpnon 6opucpoplKWV TEpµaTlKWV £~011A1oµwv EK110µ11ftc; Kai An•nc KOi ., 
-118 -
TCAl\Pnt, lo6ttµn Kal xwplt 6laKp(O£lt TCp6aJJaon TWV XPflOTcOV 0£ 6Aout TOUt 
cpop£lt TCapoxnt 6uvaµ&Kou 6taOTflµ&Kou tµf\µaTot. 
H µ£Tappueµ•on TCPETC£l va aTCoJ)AtTC£1 TCpci>ta-TCpwTa otov Kaeop&oµ6 6ta6&Kaotwv 
avtlK£1µ£v1Kc0v, 6ta,avwv Kat xwp(c;: 61aKplo£tc;: Kaeci>t Ka1 oTo oa•n 61axwp10µ6 
TWV KaVOVlOTlKcOV A£lTOUPYlcOV Kal TWV A£1TOUPYlcOV SKµ£TaAA£uonc;:, T6oo 6oov 
acpopa tnv rrapoxn Kai tn xpnon tou srrlvsaou tµnµatoc;: 600 Kat tnv rrp6aJJaon 
OTO 6laOTflµlK6 Tµf\µa -Kai TflV TCapoxn TOU tµf\µatoc;: autou. 
ea TCp£rr£ 1 va An•9ouv urr6cpn o 1 61 £9v£ ( c;: urroxpsci>os' c;: Twv Kpatwv µdwv TCou 
1 oxuouv of\µ£pa otov Toµta auT6, aHa Ta KPaTn µ£An oc,£ ( Aouv £TC lone;: va 
KaTaPaAouv Ka9£ 6uvaTI\ TCPOOTCa8s1a cOoTs va srratuxouv tnv £,apµovn twv 
6lS9VcOV OUµ"°VlcOV, OUµ"°va µs TOU<; KaV6V£<; T'lt OUV9f\Kll<;, f\ T'lV TPOTCOTCO(llOll 
T<a>v ouµ"°vawv auni>v. Aut6 1oxu£1, uuafu gHwy, yaa tnv TCp6apaon oto 
6uvaµ&K6 TOU 61aotnµ1KOU tµf\µatoc;: TWV 6l£9vci>v opyavaoµci>v TflAETCIKOlVWVlaKci>v 
6opu'6pwv, Ka9ci>c;: Kai y1a Tic;: 61a61Kaol£c;: ouvtov1oµou TCou TCpoPA£TCovTa1 ot1c;: 
avtloto1xsc;: ouµ"°v(£c;:. 
H KaAut£P'l -Ka 1 µ£oorrp68£oµa avaTC6,£UKT11 -Auo11 y 1 a va aTCocpeuxes ( 11 
v69£uon tou avtaywv 1 oµou Ka 1 va £TC 1 tpaTC£ l n KaAuupn 6uvatfl xpnon Ka 1 
Katavoµf\ TOU urrapxovtoc;: 61aOTf1µlKOU tµf\µatoc;: 8a f\tav va 6o8s( OTOU<; cpopg(c;: 
rrapoxt'lc;: tou 61aotnµ1Kou tµflµatoc;: to 61Kalwµa sµTCoptKl\c;: 61a8sonc;: tou 
6uvaµ I KOU TOU 61 aot11µ I KOU tµf\µatoc;: arr' sues ( ac;: OTOUc;: XPl\Ot£c;:. Aut6 s ( va I 
161 al t£pa onµavr 1 K6 Ottiv rrsp l TCni>on rou Eupwrra"iKou Opyav 1 oµou 
TnA£TClKOIVWVlaKci>v 11opu'6pwv EUTELSAT, rrou ea OUV£XlO£l va QTCOT£h( TO 
onµavt1K6tspo cpopta TCapoxnc;: tou 6taotnµ1Kou Tµflµatoc;: yaa ttc;: £v6osupwTCa"iK£c;: 
6opucpop1K£c;: £TC1Ko1vwvlsc;:. A6yw r1c;: 16aaltspnc;: onµaolac;: tou EUTELSAT yaa tic;: 
6opucpop1K£~ £TCIKOIVWV(£c;: OT'lV £Up<otra"iKn KA(µaKa, 11 OUVEXnt avatrtU~t'l KQI 
£TCSKtao11 TOU £(Val ~WTIKt'lc;: onµao(ac;: y1a Tic;: µsAAOVTIKSc;: 61£up<a>TCa"iK£c;: 
6opucpop1Ktc;: UTCf1p£olsc;: TCou txouv avayKn 01 supwrralo1 XPl\Ot£c;:. 
11£6oµtvou 6t1 01 61s8v£lc;: opyavaoµo( tnhrr1Ko1vwv1aKci>v 6opucp6pwv houv 
6nµ 1 oupyn8£ l os TCayK6oµ 1 o rrAa lo 1 o, ea rrptTC£ 1 va Aaµpavouv urr6q.i11 sup£ la 
os&pa ouµ,sp6vtwv, t6oo twv P10µ11xav1Kci>v 6oo Kai avaTCtuoooµtvwv xwpci>v. 01 
aTCattouµ£vsc;: aAAaytc;: ea rrpeTCEl sTCoµtvwc;: va rrpayµatoTCoaneouv Kata ota61a. 
not6oo, A6yw tnc;: 161a(tspnc;: onµaolac;: TOU EUTELSAT y1a Tlc;: STCIKOIVWVl£c;: 0£ 
supwrra"iKI\ KA' µaKa' t11c;: onµao ( ac;: TWV oA l Kci>v µ£TOXWY sd:v6UC'l'lc;: TWV Kpatwv 
µeAci>v oTov opyav10µ6 auT6 rrou avt1oto1xel 0£ 88%, Kai tou yeyov6toc;: 6t1 n 
Taon £huetpwonc;: 0£ aAhc;: £UPWTCa"idc;: xci>p£c;: £TC l TPETCE I va £~£Ta09£ ( TO 
£V6£x6µ£vo £UP£ lac;: supwTCa"iKl\c;: Paone;: µs oKoTC6 t11v µstappu9µ '011, ta Kpatn 
µ£An ea rrp£TC£1 Va spyaoeouv µ£ OKOTC6 Tl"IV EYKOIPl'l £TCaV£~ETaon Tl1<; ouµpaonc;: 
EUTELSAT KQl Tl'lc;: ouµ~v(ac;: £Kµ£taAA£uot'lc;: tnc;:, WOT£ va £~aocpaA108e( n 
µgyaAuT£Pl1 6uvatfl avaTCtU~ll TOU EUTELSAT. 
-119 -
T£Aoc;, ea 11p£11s' va A11•8ouv op' a1.1£va 1.1£Tpa 11pofi»811011c Ka' evap1.16v 'one 1.1a: 
OK0116 va 6' £UKoAuv8£ ( fl 6111.1 l oupy (a 6 & £Up(Olta0f KWV UltflP£0 l WV Ka l va 
£~ao,aA&a8e( fl 11apaAA11An ava11tU~ll tile; eAeu8£p(l)(Jflc; Kai £Vap1.16v1011c;. 
E161K6tspa, 0 Ot6xoc; aut6c; atopa ta IJEtpa OTOV TOIJEa Tfl( a1.101Pa(ac; 
avayvwp1onc; TWV EYKPIOEWV TUltOU Kai TWV a6e1wv, TOU OUVTOVlOIJOU TWV 
ouxvotntwv, TOU OUVTOVIOIJOU 6aov atopa tic; UltflP£Ol£c; ltOU 11po£pxovta1 
a116/Ka1 11poop(~ovta1 y&a tp(tsc; xwpsc;, tnc; OUV6£0fl( TWV 6opUfOPIKWV 
TEplJaTIKWV I.IE TO £11(Y£l0 6n1.16o10 6(KTUO Kai tnc; evap1.16v1onc; TWV 1.1eAAOVTlKWV 
tsxv 1 Kwv 6 & ap (Paone; y' a t' c; 6opuf0p' KEC pa6 & otnAE011t a K£c; 1.1na66oe • c; oto 
supu KOlV6, Aa1.1Pavo1.1£vou u116cpn TOU KEVTPlKOU p6Aou TWV 6opucp6pwv YlQ TflV 
Ka8 l EP(l)Ofl 11POTU110U HDTV OTO supw11a"CK6 £11 ( 11£60. 
E11lonc;, atopa Ka& tnv 11pofi»8non tnc; supw11alKnc; tu11011olnonc; otov to1.1£a aut6 
Ka9wc; Kal Tfl OUV£Xn £1.1,aon OTflV 11Anpn £,ap1.1oyn TWV OUOTfllJOTWV 6opUfOPlKWV 
EltlKOlVWVlWV OTlc; s,ap1.1ov£c; Ka9wc; Kal OTflV uAonolnon TWV KOlVOTlKWV 
110AlTlKWV. 
ITO s1161.1evo KE,aAaao ouvocp(~OVTal Ol 6lOfOP£C 11POTOO£l(. 
-120 -
VI. nPOI MIA KOINH nPOIErrlIH ITON TOMEA TON 
AOPYtOPIKON EnlKOINONION [THN KOINOTHTA: 
IYMnEPAIMATA KAI nPOTAIEI[ 
M£ Pcio11 tac; napancivw OKEC11£ a c;, ea nptne a va A11cp8ouv un6q,11 op a oµtva yev a Kci 
ouµnepcioµata nou ouvciyovtaa an6 ta npo11vouµ£va K£cpciAaaa. 
1. O a e~eA (~ea c; otov toµta t11c; texvoAoy ( ac; 6opucp6pwv Katci ta tehuta la 
xp6vaa, txouv 611µaoupynoea vtec; oaKovoµaKtc; Kaa KoavwvaKtc; euKaaplec; yaa 
µeyciAo ap18µ6 vtwv cpopswv, 01 ono(ec; ~enepvouv Katci noAu tov napa6001aK6 
toµta TWV Tl1A£TrlKOIVWVIWV. 
Ana1t£lta1, ouvenwc;, 6aciAoyoc; µe noAAouc; cpop£lc; npoKeaµtvou va 011µ£1w8el 
np6o6oc; µ£ ao6ppono tp6no, Kai OUVK£Kp1µtva: µe touc; 161wt£c; Kai 
£TrayyeAµatlec; xpnotec; TWV UTrl'lP£0lWY 6opucpoplKWV £TrlKOlVWVlWY, touc; 
opyav1oµouc; t11Aen1Koavwv1wv Kal pa61ot11Ae6pao11c;, touc; vtouc; 611µ6oaouc; Kai 
16 a wt 1 Kouc; cpope ( c; napoxnc; un11peo 1 wv, tl'l (3 a 0µ11xav la t11hn a Ko 1vwv1 wv Ka 1 
61aotnµatoc;, ta Ku(3epv11t1Kci Kal ta 611µ601a ouµcpspovta. 
2. Oa aoxuouo£c; pu8µ(oe1c; 6oov acpopci to enlyeao Ka& to 61aot11µaK6 tµnµa ota 
Kpcit11 µsA11, ouvex(~ouv va avtavaKAouv, ot1c; nep1006tepec; nep1ntwoe1c;, t11v 
Katciotao11 nou en a Kpatouoe Kata Tl'l 6eKaet la tou '60 Ka a '70, 6tav n 
ecpapµoyn TWV 6opucpoplKWV £TrlKOlVWVlWV Tr£Pl0Pl~6Tav yaa TEXVlKOUc; Ka& 
01Kovoµ1Kouc; A6youc; ot11 xpnon touc; we; np6o8et11c; o6ou 6aa(3((3ao11c; tnc; 
6ae8vouc; n £9V&Knc; Tl'lAETrlKOlVWYlaKnc; K(Vl'lOl'l«; µeyciAwv aTrOOT00£WV yaa 
Aoyapaaoµ6 TWV Opyavaoµwv T11A£TrlKOlVWVlWV. 
H TrPWTl'l yeveci en(yelWY 6opucpoplKWV OTa9µwv ntav µeyciAec; £yKataotcioeac; µ£ 
tvav µ6vo n Tr£PlOPlOµevo ap18µ6 Ota9µwv avci xwpa, Ol ono[oa ntav 
ouv6£6eµtvo1 Kaa 9ewpouvto µtpoc; Tl'lc; 611µ601ac; uno6oµnc; t11AenaKoavwv1wv. 01 
ota9µol auto{ enttpenav Tl'lV np60(3ao11 otouc; 6opucp6pouc; tou A1e8vouc; 
Opyavaoµou T11A£TrlKOlVWVlaKWV Aopucp6pwv (INTELSAT) Kal, apy6T£pa, Otouc; 
6opucp6pouc; tou A 1 £8vouc; Opyav 1 oµou Naut 1 Al aKwv Aopucp6pwv ( I NMARSAT) Ka 1 
TOU EupwnalKOU Opyavaoµou T11A£TrlKOIVWVlaKWV Aopucp6pwv (EUTELSAT). 
H 6aaxelpao11 Ka& Aeatoupyla twv µeyciAwv autwv en(yeawv ota8µwv anaatouoav 
011µavt1Kci µtoa Kal texvoyvwo(a nou, yevaKci, 9ewp£(to 6ta anoteAouoav 
npov6µ10 TWV Opyav1oµwv T11A£TrlKOIYWVlWV. 
-121 -
3. AuTn n KaTaoTaon tx£a, Twpa, µ£TaPAn8£l onµavTaKa. ntpa aH6 Touc; 
Hapa6oaaaKouc; µ£yaAouc; £Hly£aouc; oTa8µouc; uH£paotaKnc; tnA£Cl(l)vlac; Kaa 
avTaAAaync; tnA£0HT' KWV HpoypaµµaTWV, UHapxouv TWpa 6' aeto' µo' Ka' vto' 
£Hly£&oa OTa9µo( y&a £&6&Ktc; £,apµoytc; xpnotwv, 01 oHolo& A£&toupyouv µe 
K£pa(£c; 6aaµ£Tpou 0,5-2,5 µ£tpwv, avaAoya µ£ tnv £,apµoyn, Kat µHOPOUV Va 
TOH08£tn8ouv UH6 TOV tA£YXO TOU XPnotn Kat KaT' £U8£1av OTlc; £YKataotaO£lc; 
tou. H t£xvoAoyaKn Hp6o6oc; £Hatp£H£t Twpa H&o 6aa'°poHoanµ£v£c; 61ap8pW<J£1c; 
µ£ oT6xouc; 6 a a,op£T a Kouc; aH6 Twv aHAwv £vaAAaKT a Kwv o6wv 6 a aP l Paone; oto 
ota8£p6 61Ktuo. oa '°p£1c; Hapoxnc; uHnp£oawv, £KT6c; twv opyavaoµwv 
TnAsHaKoavwvawv, ea µHopouv va sKµstaAAsuovTaa µs ao,aA£aa tac; 6aapepwosac; 
auTtc; µ6Aac; 8£0Hl0TOUV Ol KataAAnAsc; KOVOVIOT&Ktc; 6aao,aAlosac;. 
4. oa Hapa6oaaaK£c; £,apµoytc; -n uHspaoTaKn TnAs~vla µsyaAwv aHoataoswv Kat 
o a ppaxuHp68soµsc; aHa a tnos a c; µsyaAou supouc; ~wvnc;, 6Hwc; o a TnA£oHt a Ktc; 
µ£Ta66o£ac; aH6 OTOUVTIO 0£ OTOUVTIO -aHOT£Aouv aK6µn TO KUpa6t£po, av KOi 
,elvouv, tµnµa twv 6asevwv 6opu,opaKwv uHnpsoawv. oa 6opu,opaKtc; ~£u~sac; 
ouv£xl~ouv va s~uHnpstouv to 50% HsplHou tnc; uHspatAavTaKnc; tnA£~vlac;, av 
Kat TO HOOOOt6 aut6 avaµtvstaa va HEO£t Oto 30 -40% twc; To 1995. Itnv 
EupwHn, n 6opu'°paKn ~vnt•Kn tnAs~vla £~uHnP£T£l µ6vo to 2-3% twv 
sv6osupwHa"fKwv 6 a sevwv Ka a sev a Kwv tnAs~v a Kwv KAnoswv 0£ µsyaAsc; 
OHOOTQOE:' c;. To 75% HE:P (HOU TWV so66wv TOU EUTELSAT Hpotpxovta' aH6 tnv 
tnAsoHt•Kn 6aavoµn. 
5. Ms s~alpson tnv tnAeoHtaKn 61avoµn, o p6Aoc; twv 6opucp6pwv Kata tnv 
spx6µsvn 6sKa£tla ea 61tH£ta1 os ouvsxwc; au~av6µsvo Pa8µ6 aH6 6uo paoaKa 
XOPOKtnptOTlKO: tn PPOXUHp6esoµn OVQHTU~n KOi ta 6ta'°p£TlKQ £l6lKQ 
tµf1µata tnc; ayopac;. npoPUHstaa 6ta, svw n Hapoxn Hapa6ooaaKwv "otaeepwv 
6opu'°paKwv unnpeoawv" otnv EupwHn ea ouvsxlos1 va Kupaapx£lta1 aH6 touc; 
opyav1oµouc; tnAeH1Ko1vwv1wv Kai pa61otnAs6paonc;, ea avaHtuxeouv Hp6o8£T£c; 
vtsc; ayoptc; os supwHalKn KAlµaKa os toµ£lc; 6Hwc; twv aH'£u8£lac; 6opu'°p1Kwv 
tnA£ont 1 Kwv µsta66oswv, twv 1 61wt1 Kwv sµHop 1 Kwv unnp£o 1 wv, twv £a 61 Kwv 
K1vntwv uHnpso1wv Kai twv uHnp£01wv ouyKtvtpwonc; sa6no£wv µtaco 6opu,6pou 
gcp6ooy Ol lOXUOVT£c; KOVOVlOTlKO( H£ptopaoµo( OX£TlKQ µ£ tn XPnon TOU 
sn(ys1ou Kai tou 61aotnµ1Kou tµnµatoc; ylvouv xaAap6tepoa Kat 
avttKataotaeouv µs KataAAnAsc; KavovaotaKtc; 61ao,aAlos1c;. 
6. ea HptHst va onµsawesl 6ta svw 01 6opu'°p1Ktc; uHnpsolsc; £(va1 ouo1aot1Ktc; 
y1a tnv Hapoxn UHnP£01WV KOi tnv KaAu~n TWV avayKWV TWV £HIX£1P"10£WV Kai 
twv KatavaAwtwv 0£ £UPWHa"iKn KAlµaKa, HP0PUH£ta1 6t1 ta ouvoA1Ka too6a 
HOU ea aHo,tpouv 6sv ea ~£H£PVOUV TO 1,5-2,5% TWV OUVOAIKWV £o66wv aH6 tic; 
tnAeH1Ko1vwvtaKtc; unnpeo1£c; otnv EupwHn twc; to £toe; 2000. npoc; to Hap6v, 
ta ouvoA1Ka tao6a 6Awv twv sH1xe1pnoswv £KµetaAAsuonc; 6opucp6pwv otnv 
EupwHn 6£V ~£H£PVOUV TO 0,4% TWV ouvoAtKWV £066wv an6 tac; tnA£HlKOlVWYl£c; 
otnv EupwHaaKn Koav6tnta. 
-122 -
H eµuetp(a TWV Hvwµtvwv noAlT£lWV n, 1tl0 up6o,ata, Tilt lauwv(ac;, Ol ouo(ec; 
txouv £A£U9£pWo£ l Ol"UJOVT l Ka Tl c; ayoptc; touc; OTOV Toµta TWV 6oputQp l KWV 
£1tlKOlVWVlWV, £1tlP£PalWVOUV ta uapauavw 1tOOOOTa. Ittc; Hvwµtv£c; noAlt£l£c;, 
µ£Ta a116 TllV £•apµovn Tl'lc; 11110AttlKnc; aVOtXTWV oupavci>v" YlO 11£Ploo6T£PO a116 
µ (a 6£Ka£t (a, ta ouvoA l Ka too6a au6 T l c; 6oputQp l Ktc; £11 t Kot vwv I ec; 6ev 
~£11£PVOUV Ta 2-3% TWV ouvoA t KcOV £o66wv au6 Tl c; Tf1A£1t l KO l VCdV I £c; t £VW n 
£A£u8tpcoo11 txet OTflV upa~n 0611vno£l TO OX£TtK6 6taOTflJ..llK6 Toµta TWV HnA 0£ 
µ£yaAUT£Pll Kat 1tl0 61acpopo11otnµtvn ava11tu~n. 
7. ME Tll ouvalveon 1tOU £1ttT£UX9'1k£ OTO IuµPouAao Tllh1tlKOlVWVlcOV tnc; 7nc; 
~£K£µPplou 1989 txouv 1tP006lOploeel Ol KOVOVlOTlKtc; 6tao,aA(O£lc; 1tOU 
µnopouv va uAonoanoouv ta Kpatn µtAn oto nAalo10 ouotnµatwv tK6oonc; a6£tci>v 
OTOV TOµta TWV TflA£1tlKOlVWVlWV, ouµ,wva IJ£ TO KOIVOTlK6 6(Kato KOl, t6(wc;, 
touc; Kav6vec; avtaywv t oµou. Kat' entKtaon, o l npot£ l v6µev£c; etoe l c; otov 
Toµta TWV pueµ(o£WV OX£TlKa µ£ Tlc; 6opu,optKtc; £1tlKOlVWV(£c; ea 1tPE1t£l va 
Paoaotouv otn AoyaKn 11ou 6ttnet Tll ouvalveon autn, evw, taut6xpova, ea 
upt11et va AaµPavouv nAnpwc; u116cpn ta t6taltepa xapaKTflPlOTlKa tou toµta Twv 
6opUtQPlKWV £1tlKOlVWVlWV. 
El 6 l K6T£pa, £ (Val 6uvaT6 va XOPllYlleouv 01tOKh l OT l Ka fl £ l 6 l Ka 6 l Ka l ci>µata 
otouc; Opyavtoµouc; TnA£1tlKOlVWVlWV µ6vo yaa TllV 11apoxn Kat £Kµ£taAA£UOll Tile; 
£11lyetac; uuo6oµnc;: TOU 61lµoolou 6lKTUOU Kal Tile; 61lµ6otac; U1tllP£O(ac; 
'WVllTlKnc; TllAE•wvlac;, £Vc0 µnopouv va eeottlOTOUV £l6lKtc; KaVOVlOTlKtc; 
61ao,aAloetc; oto nAaloto twv ouotnµatwv tK6oonc; a6eaci>v, 6oov a•opa tac; 
61lµ6o l £c; U1tflP£0 ( £c; £1t l KO l VCdV ( ac; 6£6oµtvwv, OUµtwva µ£ TOUc; KO l VOT l KOU<; 
Kav6ve:c; avtaywvtoµou Kat ttc; 6ta6tKaolec; nou eeonl~ovtal otnv o6nyla Tnc; 
E1tlTponnc; 90/388/EOK(98). 
Ta ouotnµaTa tK6oonc; a6e 1 wv nou uAono t ouv Tl c; Kavov 1ot1 de; 61 ao,aA l oe l c; 
nptuea va Paol~ovtal oe avt1Ke:1µe:v1Ka Kpttnpaa, va elvat 6ta,avn Kat va 
µnv 6nµ1oupyouv 6taKploe:tc; ouTe va etoayouv neptoptoµouc; ntpa an6 autouc; 
110U 11£PlYPaq>OVTOl uapanavw n 1tOU 6ttnovTal an6 Tlt; "PaotKtc; attattnoe1c;:11
, 
6nAa6n, TIW aocpahta Kat TflV OK£pat6tnTa TOU 6tKTUOU Katt 0£ 
al Tl oAoynµtvec; 1t£P l ttTWoE: l c;' Tll 6 l ah l TOUPY l K6tnta KO l TIW 1tPOOTao (a TWV 
6e6oµ£vwv. 
8. To µeAAovTtK6 KaVOVl0TlK6 ttAalolO TWV 6opucpoplKWV £ttlKOlVWVlWV ttpt11£l va 
ttAllPOI Ttc; KOVOVlOTlKEc; 6tao,aA(oe:tc;: ttOU £,apµ6~ouv £V6exoµtvwc; Ta Kpatn 
µtAll OTOV Toµta TWY TllA£1tlKOlVCdVIWY, ouµcpwva µe; Ttc; 6ta6tKao(£c; 1tOU EXOUV 
avacpepeel, aAAa 6ev ea ttptne:t va e:toavet Kavtva tte:ptoptoµ6 11tpa a116 autouc; 
110U acpopouv £l6lKtc; ouvenKe:c; TOU Toµta TCdV 6opuq>OPlKWV £1tlKOlYWVlWV, 
e'6oov ot 11ep1op1oµol autol µnopouv va atT10Aoyn8ouv ouµ,wva µe to 
Kol voT l K6 6 I Ka lo -l 6 I we; touc;: Kav6vec; avtaywv 1 oµou -Ka l t l c; 6 t £8ve ( c; 
6eoµeuoetc;. 
Ta ouoTnµaTa tK6oollc; a6etwv nou eeottl~ouv Ta Kpatll µtAn y1a Tnv uAonolnon 
KOVOVlOTlKcOV 6tao,aA(oewv OTOV Toµta TWV 6opUtQPlKWV £1ttKOIVCdVlWV 11PE1t£l 
va Pao(~ovtat, Kat' £~oxnv, 0£ avTtK£llJE:VtKa ye:yov6ta, va e:lvat avaAoya 
npoc; tov ett 16 t wK6µsvo ot6xo, va £Iva l 61 a•avn Ka l va µnv 6nµ 1 oupyouv 
6taKp(O£lt;. 
C98) 06nyla tnc; E111tpo11nc; tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990 oxsttKa µe Tov avtaywv10µ6 ottc; 
ayoptc; T~Y TllA£1tlKOIV~VIQKWV U1111P£01WV, 90/388/EOK, EEL 192, 24.07.1990, 
o. 10. 
-123 -
9. M(a paoaKt'l ~avovaOTlKO 6la~•6Aao11 OXETlK6 µE Tl( 60PUt<>PlKtc EUlKOlVWVIEC, 
E~(oou oru.1ayTlKO "8E . TIW c:xv6YKll ao•6AEla( Kat aKEpatOTllTa( TOU EUIYEIOU 
6 a KToou, EI va' " av6YKll auo•uvnc Eu l tftµ l wv uapEµPoAwv OE 6Ua ouoTftµaTa 
6opUfOP l KWV EU l KO l Vll)Y l WV ~ pa6 l OEU l KO t VWV l WV, OUµ~va µE TllV 061lY (a TOU 
IuµpouA(ou flt/336/EOK(99) UEp( 1lAEKTpoµayv11TtKWV uapEµPoAwv, Kat ouµ~va 
µE TlC 6ta6tKaolEC yla To ouvTovaoµo Twv ouxvoTt'lTwv uou txouv ouµ~v118E( 
OE uayK6oµta KA(µaKa auo oAa Ta µtA11 Tll( AtE8VOU( 'Evwonc TnAEUtKOlVWVlWV, 
6ta6tKaO(E( ttOU txouv 8EOttlOTEI OTOV KovovtaµQ Pa6tOEUtKOtVWVlWV Kat Tl( 
ouolEt 6aaxEapltETaa 11 AtE9vnc EttlTpottn KaTaypa•nc IuxvoTt'lTwv TCll AaE8vouc 
'Evwonc TnAEUtKOlVWVIWV. 
10. K68E ttEP lop l OIJO( ttOU E (val anoppo la anoKAE l OT l KWV "' El 6 l KWV 6 l Ka l wµ6TWY 
Yla TllY napoxn Kal EKIJET6AAEuon Tll( EttlYEta( uno6oµnc TOU 611µ6olOU 6lKTUOU 
Kat Tll 6nµ6oaa tnAE~VlKt'l UUllPEO(a, Ka9W( Kal 01 £l6lKt( KaVOVlOTlKt( 
6la~aAIO£lC yla tnv uapoxt'l 6nµ6oawv uttnpEoawv 6£6oµtvwv uou 9EoultovTal 
atto ta Kp6Tll µ£An OUIJ~Va IJE Tl( 6ta6lKaO(£( UOU ava,tpovTal OTO onµE(O 7, 
atopouv Ta ouoTftµaTa 6oputoptKwv £tttK01vwv1wv µovo OTO Pa8µo uou µttopouv 
va 8£wp118ouv we l006uvaµa µE Tt( ttapatt6vw KaTnyoplEt aµ,(6poµwv 6nµ6o1wv 
UttllPEOIWV. 
ME TllV Ettl,UAa~n TWV £t6tKWV 6taT6~£WV ttOU IOXUOUV yta Tl( 
pa6lOTllAEOUTlKE( UttllPEOIE( ttOU ttpoop(tovTat yta TO EUPU KOlVO, Ol OttOIE( 
ava,tpovTa l OTO OlllJE ( 0 15' 0 l µovo6poµ£( UttllPEO ( E( 6EV EIJU ( ttTOUY, £~ 
OPlOIJOU, OTllV KaTnyop(a auTn. 
11. Ot 611µ6otE( uunpEO(E( ~VllTtKt'lt TllAE~vlac opltovTal OTllV KOlVOTlKt'l 
voµo8£olaC100)(101) we n ttapoxn, OE eµttoptKt'l P6on Kat yaa To Eupu Koavo, 
Tll( au'£U8£(ac IJET66oanc Tll( ~VO( 0£ ttpayµaTtKO XPOVO, µtow TOU "' TWV 
6nµoo I wv 6 a Ktuwv µe 6uvatoTnta µetaycoyftc Ka a n otto I a Ettl tp£tte t OE K68e 
XPOOTn va XPno 1µotto1 £ l E~ottA 1 oµo ouv6£6eµ£vo µe tva onµe Io Tepµat l oµou 
£VO( 6 t KTUOU y la va Ettl KO l VWVE ( IJE XPnOTll ttOU XPllO l µ0110 l £ ( E~ottA l oµo 
ouv6£6£µ£vo IJE £va 6AAo onµE(o TEpµaTlOIJOU 6tKTUOU. Ot UttllPEOIE( 
6taPIPaonc 6e6oµ£vcov IJE IJETaywyft ttaK£Twv Kat KUKAcoµ6Tcov, opltovTat we n 
ttapoxt'l, oe £1Jttop1Kt'l P6on Kat via to Eupu Kotv6, Tilt att'eu8elac µeT66oonc 
6£6oµ£vwv IJEOW £VO( ft UEPlOOOTEPWV 6nµoo(wv 6lKTUWV IJE 6uvaTOTllTa 
IJETaywvnc Kal n ouo(a ettt tp£ttet 0£ K68e e~ottA10µ0 ouv6e6eµ£vo µe tva 
onµe(o T£pµaTt01JOU £VO( 6tKTUOU va EttlKOlVWVEI IJE E~OttAtoµ6 ouv6£6£µ£vo IJE 
6AAo onµe(o TepµaTtOIJOU 6tKTUOU. 
(99) 06nvla Tou IuµpouAlou Tilt 3nc Matou 1989 y1a Tnv ttpoo£yy1on Twv voµo8eo1wv 
TCOV KpaTWV µeAwv OXETtK6 IJE TllV nAEKTpoµayvnTlKt'l ouµPaTOTnTa, 89/336/EOK, 
EEL 139, 23.05.1989, o. 19. 
(100) 06nyla Tll( EtttTPOttO( Tll( 2811( louv(ou 1990 OXETtK6 IJE TOV 
avtaywv10µ0 OTl( ayop£c TWV tnAEttlKOlVWVlaKWV UUllPEOlWV, 
90/388/EOK, EEL 192, 24.07.1990, o.10. 
(101) 06nyla Tou IuµPouAlou Tilt 28nc louvlou 1990 yaa Tll 6nµ1oupyla Tilt 
EOWTEPlKO( ayop6( OTOV toµ£a TCOV TllAEUlKOlVWVtaKWV UttllPEO&•v µ£06) 
Tll( £,apµovt'lc Tll( ttapoxftc aVOlKTOU 6tKTUOU 90/387/EOK, EE L 192, 
Tll( 24.07.1990, O. 1. 
-124 -
AK6µn Kal ta µeyaAnc; KAlµaKac; ouott'lµata aµ,l6poµwv 6opu,oplKWV 
en l Kol vwv l wv -6nwc; ta µeyaAa ouott'lµata VSAT -nep l AaµPavouv, npoc; To 
nap6v, µ£plKtc; µ6vo XlAla6ec; T£pµaTlKa. M' aut6 To 6e6oµtvo, ta aµ,l6poµa 
ouoTnµaTa 6opu'°plKwv £ttlKolvwvlwv ea nptnel va eewpouvtal 6nµ6<na µ6vov 
6Tav elval ouv6e6eµtva µe Tnv uno6oµn Tou 6nµ6olou µetay6µevou enlyelou 
6lKTuou Kal Tl<; 6nµ6o1ec; unnpeolec; nou ava,tpovTal oTnv npote1v6µevn eton 
10. 
12. Eav Kano10 Kpatoc; µtAoc; 8ewpnoe1 6T1 ta noAu µeyaAa ouoTnµaTa 6opu,op1Kwv 
£1t l KO l vwv l WV ltOU 6£V ouv6tovTa l µ£ TO £1t ( Y£ l 0 6nµ6o l 0 µ£Tay6µevo 6 ( KTUO 
µnopouv va 6uoxepalvouv, A6vw Tou avtaywvloµou µe TOY Opyavloµ6 
TnA£1tlKOlVWVlWV, tnv napoxn tnA£1tlKOlVWVtaKWV uttnPEOlWV att6 TOV opyav10µ6 
aut6, 8a nptnel va ano6£lX9£l 6n Ta ouoTf\µata auta avTanoKplvovTal oe 
op l oµouc; Ka l KP l TnP la l oo6uvaµa npoc; auTa nou aeon l tovTa l oTnv o6nv la 
90/388/EOK(102), µe: Tnv £1tl,uAa~n e~haonc; an6 tnv Enltponn ouµ,wva µe 
TOU<; KaV6V£<; avtaywv l oµou tnc; ruv9f'lKnc; Ka l ltQVTa 0£ OUVaptnon µe: TO 
KOlVOTlK6 ouµ,tpov. 
13. Kat' avaAoy(a µe Tl<; 61ao,aAloe1c; nou ava,tpovTal OTO onµe(o 7, Ol 
µova6 l Ktc; Kavov l on de; 6 l ao,aA l oe l c; nou µnopouv va nep l An,eouv an6 Ta 
Kparn µtAn 0£ 6taKavov1oµouc; EK6oonc; a6£1WV OX£TlKO µ£ ouornµara 
6opu'°plKWV £1tlKOIVWVlWV ltOU 6e:v e(val ouv6£6£µtva µ£ TO 6nµ6010 
µetay6µevo 6lKTUO, elval £Ke:lvec; nou anol3Atnouv ornv np6An~n Twv enltnµlwv 
1t£p£µ13oAwv ltOU npoo61opltovta1 OTOV KaVOVl0µ6 Pa6l0£1tlKOlVWVlWV, Kal, 
e161K6tepa, £K£lvec; nou a,opouv rnv npooTao(a rwv 6e6oµtvwv Kat rnc; 
161wT1Knc; twnc;, 6nou auT6 Kplveta1 avayKalo, Kal ta np6tutta, OTO Pa9µ6 nou 
analT£lTal an6 TO KOlVOTlK6 6(KalO. 
14. A£6oµ£vnc; Tnc; Taxe:lac; avantu~nc; tnc; T£XVOAoy[ac; Kai £l6lK6te:pa TWV 
T£XVlKwv µe:Ta6oonc;, np6opaonc; Kat KW6lKonolnonc;, Ka9£ Te:xv1K6c; 
1t£PlOp10µ6c;, 6ttwc; 0 1t£plop10µ6c; OXETlKO µ£ Tl<; ~n,1aK£c; TaXUTnTec;, T£lV£l 
an6 µ6voc; Tou va KataoTel xwplc; v6nµa Ka1 6ev nptne1 va XPnolµonol£lTal we; 
KPtTnpao oe 6ta61Kaolec; tK6oonc; a6e1wv. 
15. Ol 6opu'°p1dc; pa610TnA£OltTlKE<; µ£Ta660£lc; npoc; TO £UPU KOlV6 
ouµnep 1 Aaµl3avoµtvwv 6x 1 µ6vo twv e'apµoywv 11'ou op ( tovTa 1 OTOV Kavov 1 oµ6 
Pa6l0£1tlKOlVWVlWV y1a Tl<; 6opu,oplKE<; pa6lOTrtA£011'TlKE<; unnpeo(ec;, aAAa Kal 
Twv pa6lOTrtAeontl1<wv e'apµoywv rrou h l Toupyouv oto rrAa lo lo Twv ota9epwv 
6opu,opa1<wv urrnpeoawv -ea ouve:xloouv va urr6Ke1vta1 OTl<; e161Ktc; pu8µloe:1c; 
ltOU 9£orr(tovtal an6 ta Kpatn µ£An OUµ,wva µ£ TO KOIVOTIK6 6{KalO, 
l61alTepa tnv o6nvla 89/552/EOKC103) oxer11<a µe tnv tnAe6paon xwplc; 
ouvopa. 
c102> 06nvla tnc; Err1Tpo11'nc; Tnc; 28nc; louvlou 1990 oxeT11<a µe Tov 
avTaywv10µ6 OTl<; ayoptc; TnA£11'lKOlVWVlaKWV unnpEOlWV, 90/388/EOK, 
EEL 192, Tnc; 24.07.1990, o. 10. 
(103) 06nyla TOU ruµPouAlou Tnc; 3nc; 0KTWl3p(ou 1989 y1a TO OUVTOVI0µ6 
op1oµtvwv voµo9£TlKWV, KaVOVlOTlKWV Kal 6101KntlKWV 61aTa~£WV TWV 
Kpatwv µeAwv OXE:TlKO µe TrtV ao1<non TrtA£01ttlKWV 6paoTnPlOTOTWV, 
89/552/EOK, EEL 298, 17.10.1989, o. 23. 
-125 -
Onwt TOVl~ETal OTO COM(90) 1aC104), Ol ana&T"'OElt OXETlKQ µE Ta 1tPOTU1ta 
µeTa6oon<: oTov toµta aut6v Elva& ~wt&K"'<: onµaolat y&a tn 6&ao,aA&on tn<: 
Pao' K"'t 6 & aAE' toupy 'K6tntat. 'oaov acpopa t' <: E'apµovt<: Twv an' EU8s lat 
6opucpoplKWV pa6&otnAE01tTlKWV µETa66o£WV, n o6ny(a 86/529/EOl((105) tX£l 
KaeoplOEl 6tl TO np6TU1t0 1tOU ea XPn0&µ01tO&n8El OTlt T£XV&Kt<: µ£ta66oEWV 
E(vaa n OlKOV£V£la MAC. 
16. KaTa tnv npouoaµaola TWV µdAOVTlKWV £V£PVElWV OX£TlKa µE Tl<: T£XVlKt<: 
µ£ta6oon<: orov roµta aut6, ea nptn£1 va An,eEf un6cpn 6t& n £vapµov&oµtvn 
£lOaywy"' £V6<: npoTU1tOU yaa TflY TnA£6paon YcpnA"'c;: EuKplv£&ac;: (HDTV) 0£ 
£UPW1ta1K"' KAlµaKa, 6ttOU n XPOOn TWV 60PUtOPWV ea 61a6paµatlO£l ~WTlK6 p6Ao 
we;: apx&K6 µtoo µeta6oonc;:, ea anoteAtoea µeyaAn npoKAnon. Elva& avayKalo, 
£ttlonc;: va avtavaKAa TO VEVOV6c;: 6Tl n TEXVOAOYIKO avantuln Kae1ota 61apKwc;: 
6UOKOA6T£Pn Tfl 6 & acpop01tO (non µualu TWV UttnP£0 l WV 1tOU, OUµtwVa µE TOU<: 
opaoµouc;: nou xpnoaµonoaouvta& 6aeevwc;: ora nAalo&a rwv Kavov&oµwv tnc;: ITU, 
£(val 6opucpop1Ktc;: pa6&otnA£01tT&Ktc;: U1tflP£O(Ec;:, Kal TWV pa6&oTnA£01tTlKWV 
Ecpapµoywv nou AeaToupyouv OTO nAa(oao Twv ota9epwv 6opucpop&Kwv unnp£01wv. 
0a ttptttEl Va Uttapl£l OUVTOVlOµ£vn ttpootyyaon OX£TlKa µ£ TflV £1taVElttaon 
TWV KPlTflp(wv 1tOU e£ottlOE n nayK6oµ&a IUV6lGOK£cpn TWV Opyav1oµwv 
Pa6 & oEn' Ko' vwv 'ci>v to 1977 v a a tnv napoxn 6opucpop' Kci>v pa6 & otnA£ont 'Kwv 
unnp£o&wv. To anottA£oµa tnc;: enav£leraonc;: autnc;: ea nptnE& va An,e£l nAnpwc;: 
un6cpn Kata rn 6 & aµ6pcp<l)On Ko' vci>v eupwna"C1<wv 9to£wv v' a tnv nayK6oµ 'a 
Iuv6lGOK£cpn TWV Opyav&oµwv Pa6&0£1tlKOlVWVlWV, TO 1992. 
17. Ol KlVnttc;: 6opucpop&Ktc;: U1tflP£0(£c;: 1tOU, y&a A6youc;: T£XVOAoy(ac;: Kal KOotouc;:, 
ea £lU1tflP£TOUV KUp(wc;: £l6&Ktc;: µ&Kptc;: oµa6£c;: XP'lOTWV, 6£V 6&acptpouv 
ouo l aot l Ka an6 aAA£c;: µov66poµec;: n aµcp ( 6poµ£c;: £,apµoytc;: TWV 6opucpop l KWV 
£tt&Ko&vwv&wv an6 onµelo oe noAAanAa onµ£la. Kata ouvtn£&a, 6ev ea nptne& 
Va Utt6K£ l VTa l 0£ TUX6V ttp6oe£touc;: 1<avov l OT l KOU<: 1t£P l OP I oµouc;: n 
6 l aocpaA ( 0£ l c;:' £Kt6c;: £K£ ( vwv 1tOU l oxuouv y la Tl c;: OTaegp£c;: 6opucpop l Ktc;: 
unnp£o ( ec;:. E' 6 a K6T£pa, Kae£ Kavov a OT a K6c;: tt£P' op a oµ6c;: 6£v ea nptn£' va 
anotp£tt£l n va napeµno6(~el Tfl 61aouvop1aKn £Kµ£taAA£UOfl. 
18. ME tnv uAonolnon TWV KaVOVlOTlKWV 61ao,aA(O£WV OX£TlKa µg tlc;: 6opucpop&Ktc;: 
unnp£olE<: £tt&Ko&vwv&wv nou txouv avacpepeEl napanavw, ea µnoptoE& va 
apxlo£& n npayµatonof non twv 6uo onµavt&Kwv ota6(wv ta ono(a £(val 
anapaltnta npoK£1µtvou va avantuxeouv nA.,.pwc;: 01 6uvat6tnt£c;: nou npoo,tp£& 
n napox"' TWV 6opucpoptKWV U1tflP£0lWV £1tlKOlVWVlWV, TOoO att6 TOU<: 6nµ6o&ouc;: 
6oo Ka& touc;: 16&wt11<ouc;: cpopelc;: napoxnc;: unnp£o&wv otnv Eup,nn, Ka& 
OUYKSl<p&µtva: 
n £A£ue£pn napoxn Ka& XP.,.On £lottA&oµou An«Pn<:/£Kttoµtt"'<: £1tlY£1WV 
6opucpop1Kwv otaeµwv Ka& 
(104) AvaKo(vwon tnc;: EttlTPOtt"'c;: OTO Iuµl)ouA&o Kal TO Ko&voPouA&o y&a tnv 1tOAltlKO 
tou ont&KoaKouotaKou toµta COMC90) 78, 21.02.1990. 
(105) 06ny(a TOU IuµPouA(ou tnc;: 3nc;: No£µpp(ou 1986 OX£Tll<a µ£ tn eton&on l<OIVWY 
t£XV&Kwv npo6&aypa.Wv 6oov acpopa tnv 01Koy£v£&a npotunwv naKtta/MAC y&a 
Tl<: att£U9£lac;: tnA£01tTlKtc;: µ£ta66o£&c;: µtow 6opucp6pou, 86/529/EOK, EE L 311, 
o. 28. 
-126 -
n uAnpnc;, to6ttµn Kat xwplc; 6taKplo£1c; up6oPaon twv xpnotwv 0£ 6Aouc; 
touc; cpopg(c; uapoxnc; 6uvaµ1Kou tou 6opucpop1Kou 61aotnµ1Kou tµnµatoc;. 
19. Ooov acpopa touc; £ttly£1ouc; 6opucpop1Kouc; oTa8µouc;, To npao1vo B1PAl0 OX£T1Ka 
µ£ Tnv avatttuln Tnc; K01vnc; ayopac; TWV U1t'lP£0tWV Kat TOU £~0ttAtoµou OTOV 
toµta TWV tnhttlKOIVWVIWV avacp£p£1 6Tt "A6yw Tnc; Taonc; ttOU £1tlKpau:(, OTOV 
toµ ta TWV 6opucpop t KWV £1t I KO I vwv I WV' ttpoc; TI c; pa61 otnAeottt I Ktc; gcpapµoytc; 
au6 onµ£1o oe uoAAauAa onµ£(a y1a tic; KA£10Ttc; oµa6£c; xpnotwv, to 
KaVOVIOTIK6 Kae£otwc; OX£TIKa µ£ touc; £tt(y£touc; Otaeµouc; µ6vo An~nc; (ROES) 
yta tic; 6opucpop1K£c; £1tlKOIVWV(£c; ea ttp£tt£1 Va £~OµOIW8£( µ£ TO Ka8£0TWc; 
uou 1oxue1 via ta tnAett1Ko1vwv1aKa T£pµat1Ka Kai Ttc; TnAeottTtK£c; 
6opucpoptK£c; Kepalec; µ6vo An~nc;, Kai va avol~e1 uAnpwc; oTov avtaywv10µ6". 
I£ µetay£v£otepo 0Ta610, n o6rwla 88/301/EOlcC106) te£o£ 0£ £cpapµovn tn 
e£on autn y1a 116opucpop1Kouc; Ota8µouc; ttOU £laocpaA(~OUV µ6vo Tfl An~n KOi 6£V 
ouv6tovtat µe To 6nµ6010 6(Ktuo ev6c; Kpatouc; µ£Aouc;". 
o e~ouA10µ6c; uou e~aocpaA(~e1 µ6vo tn An~n Kai 6£v ouv6£eta1 µ£ To 6nµ6o10 
µetay6µevo 6(Ktuo, ea uptuet va utt6K£1ta1 µ6vo otnv uuoxptwon ouµµ6pcpc.»anc; 
upoc; ta KataAAnAa up6tuua otov toµta twv nA£Ktpoµayvnt1Kwv uap£µPoAwv, uou 
6ev 1tPE1t£1 va £(Val tt£p1oo6t£PO £ttaxenc; att6 Tic; 61a61KaO(£c; ttOU lXUOUV y1a 
aAAouc; aoupµatouc; 6£Kt£c;. 6£V ea 1tPE1t£1 va utt6K£1tal 0£ 61a61Kao(a EK6oonc; 
a6e1ac;. 
20. 01 otaeµo( eKuoµunc;/An~nc; ea upttte1 va utt6K£1vta1 0£ tyKp1on tuttou Kai 
6 t a61 Kao ( ec; £K6oonc; a6e 1 wv upoKe 1 µtvou va auo6£ t xe£ ( n ouµµ6pcpwon touc; 
upoc; touc; 6pouc; tou oxe6(ou o6nvlac; tou IuµPouA(ou otov toµta aut6C107) 
KOi ouµcpc.»va µ£ Tl<,; Pao1K£c; KaVOVlOTlKEc; 61aocpaA(oe1c; ttOU txouv tt£p1ypacp£( 
uapauavw. 
21. 'Ooov acpopa tnv up6opaon oto 6uvaµ1K6 tou 6taotnµ1Kou tµnµatoc;, 6£6oµ£vnc; 
tnc; aulnonc,; TWV 6nµ60tWV Kat t6lWTlKWV cpop£wv OTOV toµ£a TWV 6opucpoplKWV 
£1tlKOlVWVlWV Kat tnc,; avayKnc,; va avt1µ£TW1t(~ovtat to6ttµa 6Aot 01 cpope(c,;, 
ea uptue 1 va ecpapµoote ( uAftpwc,; n apxft tou 6taxwp1 oµou twv apµo6 t otfttwv 
£Kµ£taAAeuonc; Kat TWV KQVOVlOTlKWV apµo6totfttwv. Et61K6t£pa, 6Aa ta 
~11tftµata ta OX£T I Ka µ£ Tl c; 61 £8V£ ( c; 6 t a6 t KOO ( £<,; OUVTOV I oµou ouxvotntwv' 
ouµuep1AaµPavoµtvnc; tnc; 106t1µnc; up6opaonc; Otte; ouxv6tntec; Kai otn 
vewotattKn tpox1a, ea up£ue1 va eewpouvtat 6t1 £µttlttTouv otn ocpa(pa twv 
KOVOVlOTlKWY apµo61otntwv. 
(106) 06nvla tnc; ettttpounc; tnc; 16nc; Matou 1988 oxet1Ka µe tov avtaywv10µ6 ot1c; 
ayoptc,; tnA£ttlKOIVWVIOKWV t£pµattKWY (88(301/EOK) EEL 131, 27.5.1988, o. 
73. 
(107) (np6taon o6ny(ac; TOU IuµpouA(ou y1a TflV ttPOOEYYIO'l TWV voµo8£0IWY TWV 
Kpatwv µeAwv oxettKa µe touc; tnAett1Ko1vwvtaKouc; t£pµat1Kouc; £~ouA1oµouc; 
Ka8wc; Kat tnv aµo1Pala avayvwp1on tnc; ouµµ6pcpwonc; touc; CCOMC89) 289). 
-127 -
o 6laxwploµ6c; auT6c; ea nptnel, enlonc;, va lOXU£l yla 6Xec; Tl<; 
6laKuPepvnTlKtc; Kal ouva,Elc; ouµ,wv(ec; £Kµ£TaXA£uonc; OTov Toµta auT6. Ooov 
acpopa Tl<; 6la6lKao(£c; OUVTOVlOµou yla Tnv np6Anq,11 "OlKOVOµlKt'lt ~11µ(ac;11 1tOU 
µnop£( va npo~Evnee( an6 aAAouc; 'opE(c; napoxnc; 6opucpoplKOU 6uvaµlKOU, 6nwc; 
ava,tp£Tal OTlc; 6laKuP£pvnTlKtc; ouµPao£tc; nou 6ttnouv Touc; 6t£ev£1c; 
opyavtoµouc; 6opu,6pwv INTELSAT Kat INMARSAT Kat TOY £Upwna"lK6 opyavtoµ6 
tnAetttKOtVWVtaKWV 6opuf6pwv EUTELSAT, e£wp£(tat µaXAov anleavo, Ota 
nAalota tnc; enave~ttaonc; twv 6ta6tKaolwv autwv an6 tnv Enttponn, va 
avtanoKpteouv otouc; KotvottKouc; Kav6vec; avtaywvtoµou ot ono(ot Pao(~ovtat 
OTl c; apxtc; nou nep t ypacpovta l ot t c; KateueuvtnP t ec; o6nv I ec; Tnc; En l Tponnc; 
OX£TtKQ µ£ Tl'lV £,apµovn TWV Kav6vwv aUTWV OTOV Toµta TWV 
TllA£ntKOtVWVtWV(108). 
22. H KaAutEPl'l Xuon -Kat lowc; n µova6lKn npoKetµtvou va npoXn,e£1 n v6eeuon 
Tou avTaywv t oµou Kat va en t Tpan£ ( n nXripnc; xprion Kat n KaAUTEPl'l 6uvaTti 
KaTavoµn TOU u,tOTaµEYOU 6t£evouc;, eevtKOU Kat t6tWTtKOU 6taoTnµtKOU 
TµriµaToc; -ea riTav va An,eouv an6 Ta KpaTn µHn Ta avayKa (a µhpa hot 
WoT£ ot XPnOT£c; va txouv an'eue£1ac; np6oPaon OTO 6uvaµtK6 Tou 6taoTnµtKou 
TµriµaToc;, evw ot 'ope(c; Tou 6ta0Tnµ1Kou autou TµriµaToc; ea npen£t va txouv 
TO 6 t Ka ( wµa eµnop l Kric; 6 t aeeonc;, an' euee ( ac; OTOU<; XPriOT£<;, TOU 6uvaµ t KOU 
Tou TµriµaToc; autou. 
Ta KpaTn µtXn ea nptne t va KaTapynoouv Touc; u, t oTaµevouc; n£p top t oµouc; 
etot ci>ote va 6tao,aAtoeel 6tt ea e,apµootel nAripwc; n apxri tnc; an'eueelac; 
np6opaonc; an6 6Xouc; Touc; XPriOT£c;, to6Tlµa Kal xwp(c; 6laKploelc;, OTO 
6uvaµtK6 tou 6laOTl'lµlKou TµnµaToc; 6Awv twv OXEttKwv 'optwv napoxric;. 
23. 0 Eupwna"iK6c; Opyav l oµ6c; TnAEn t KO l YWY l aKWY '1opu,6pwv, EUTELSAT, ea nptn£ t 
va txet nAnpn eXeueep(a eµnoptKric; 6taeeonc; twv unnpeotwv Tou otnv Eupwnn 
WoTE Ya 6lae£T£t Ttt (6l£<; £UKatp(ec; µ£ TOU<; aAAouc; 'Op£(<; napoxric; 
6laotnµtKou Tµriµatoc; Kal va ano,euxeouv ot µn 9£µtTtc; ouµtwvlec; 
µo t paoµaToc; tnc; ayopac; nou µnopouv va npoKuq,ouv µtow tnc; Kat' 
anoKA£tOTtK6TnTac; µetanwAnonc; 6uvaµtKou Tou 6laotnµlKOU tµriµaToc; an6 touc; 
unoypacpovTec;. 
24. Ta ttAn nou XP£WVOYtal Ot XPriOt£c; yta Tl'l 6ta9£01'l 6uvaµtKOU TOU 
6taoTnµtKou tµriµatoc; ea nptnel va aKoAoueouv tn vevtKri apxn ttµoA6vnonc; 
oe ouvapTnon µe to K6otoc; Kat va µnv avTIK£lYTat otouc; Kav6vec; 
avtaywv l oµou ouµ,wva µe Tl c; apxtc; nou Ka9op I ~ovta t OT t c; npoava,ep6µevec; 
KaTeueuvtriplec; o6nvlec; tnc; Ettltponnc;. 
Me Paon ta ouµnepaoµata auTa Kat tnv napanavw avaAuon, B£010£lrq1 qrrqpqlraro 
yq sutABquy rtqqsp1c KUp1sc qAAaytc oro Kqyoy1or1KO uAqlq10. WOT£ va 
a~t01totn8e( nXnpwc; TO 6uvaµtK6 TWV 6opu,optKWY £1tlKOlYWVtWV OTl'lV Eupwnn: 
(108) npoc; 6nµooleuon 
-128 -
nAHPHr EAEY9EPOIH TOY EnlrEIOY TMHMATOI IYMnEPIAAMBANOMENHI THI KATAPrHIHI 
OAnN TON AnOKAEIITIKnN H EIAIKON AIKAlnMATnN ITON TOMEA AYTO, 
ouµ11£plAaµPavoµtvwv 
TWV TEpµaT l KWY µ6vo Aftcpnt;' µ£ TflV £11 l cpuAaln Tilt; Ecpapµoyft.; KaTaAAnAwv 
6la6aKaoaci>v tyKpaont Tunou, 6Tav Ta upµaTaKa auta ouv6tovTal µ£ TO 
6nµ6aao µ£Tay6µ£VO 6(KTUO• KQl 
TWV TEpµaTlKWV Ancpnt;/£Ktt0µ11nc;, µ£ TflV £1ftcpuAa~n Tilt Ecpapµovft<: KaTaAAnAwv 
6aa6aKao1ci>v tyKp1onc; Tuttou, £cp6oov auttc; a1T10AoyouvTal y1a tnv 
uA011olnon TWV avayKalwv KaYOVlOTlKWV 61aocpaA(O£WV• 
EAEY9EPH (AnEPIOPIITH) nPOIBAIH ITO AYMAMIKO TOY AIAITHMIKOY TMHMATOI, 
µe TrtV £tr' cpuAa~n twv 6 a a61Kao1 ci>v t1<6oon<: a6£ 1 ci>v, wpo1<£ 1 µtvou va 
61aocpaA1080UY Ta attOKASlOTlKO ft £l6lKO 6lKalci>µaTa ft Ol KaVOVlOTlKEt; 
6laTOl£l(: 1fOU 8£on(~OUV Ta KPOTfl µtAn ouµcpwva µ£ TO KOlVOTlK6 6(KalO Kal µ£ 
paon Tfl ouvalv£0fl 110U EXEl £1tlT£UX9£l OXETlKO µ£ TflV KOlVf\ ttOAlTlKf\ 
TnAenlKOlVWVlWY. 
H np6apaon wptttel va wpayµaTowo1s(Taa µs Tp6110 1a6T1µ0, xwplt 61a1<plos1<:, 
Kai 0£ OUVOPTflO'l µg TO K60TOt;. 
nAHPHI EMnOPIKH EAEY0EPIA r1A TOY ~OPEII nAPOXHI TOY AIAITHMIKOY TMHMATOI, 
ouµnsp1Aaµpavoµtvn<: Tilt aw'su9elac; £µnop11<nc; 61a8£ont Tou 6opucpop11<ou 
6uvaµ l KOU 0£ cpope ( <: ttapoxn<: U1fflP£0 I ci>v Ka l XPt'IOTEc;' µ£ TllV £1( l cpuAa~11 Tilt 
Tnpnonc; Twv 61a6aKao1ci>v tK6oon<: a6s1ci>v wou avacptpovTa1 napawavw Kaa ouµcpwva 
µe To KoavoT1K6 6l1<a10 Kal a6lwc; touc; Kav6v£c; avtaywv1oµou. 
METPA ENAPMONIIHI, ITO BA0MO noY AnAITOYNTAI, nPOKEIMENOY NA AIEYKOAYN0EI H 
nAPOXH KAI XPHIH YnHPEilnN EYPnnATKHI KAIMAKAI 
Aur6 acpopa ea611<6repa rnv aµoapa(a avayvci>paon twv 61a611<ao1wv t1<6oon<: a6£1ci>v 
Kal tyKpaonc; TUtrOU, TO OUYTOYI0µ6 TWY ouxvott'ltwv Kal Ta ~ntftµata 1f0U acpopouv 
TO OUVTOYI0µ6 TWY U111lP£0lWY 1fOU ttap£XOVTQl 0£ Kai a116 tp(T£t XWP£t. 
Ol npore1v6µ£V£t etoe1<; trOU 1fPOKUtrTOUV an6 Tit ttapattavw OKtcpElt ouvocpl~OVTQI OTO 
nAqlgao 1. H E111tponn 11p0Tslv£1 e11lonc; ta µtTpa wou 11ep1ypacpovTa1 oTa Tµf\µara 3. 
Kal 4. np0Ks1µtvou va 6nµloupvneouv evapµovloµtv£t; ouv9f\K£<: y1a Tnv uAonolnon 
twv npoTaoewv. 
-129 -I nM1t10 1 
nEPIAH•H TAN nPOTEINOMENON 8EIEON 
01 etoe:1c;: nou e:Ktl9e:vta1 napaKatw anoPAtnouv OT11 611µ1oupyla tou nAtov e:uvo1Ko6 
ne:p l 13aHovtoc;: y 1 a t11v nMp11 xpfto11 twv 6opucpop l Kci>v e:n 1Ko1 vwv l ci>v ota e:upwna·(Ka 
ouotftµata Ka 1 un11pe:o I e:c;:, npoc;: 6cpe:Aoc;: twv e:upwna I wv XPl10tci>v, t11c;: e:upwnaTKftc;: 
l310µ11xavlac;: Kai t11c;: e:upwnaTKftc;: 01Kovoµ(ac;: e:v ytve:1. Taut6xpova, avayvwp(~e:tat 11 
avayKat6t11ta Kavov1ot1Kci>v 61aocpaAloe:wv nou txouv ee:ontote:I µe: Pao11 T11 ouvalve:o11 
11 ono(a e:n1te:6xe11Ke: OTO nAa(o10 Tl1c;: KOtvftc;: noAITlKftc;: t11Ae:ntKOIVCl>VIWV Kata Tl1 
ouve:6p(ao11 tou ruµpouAlou t11c;: 7nc;: Ae:Ke:µpplou 1989 -Kuplwc;: 6oov acpopa Tl1 
61atftpno11 Tl1c;: tOoppon(ac;: µe:Ta~6 tnc;: e:vapµ6v1011c;: KOi tnc;: e:Ae:u9£pwonc;: -ouµcpwva µe: 
TO KOIYOTIK6 6(Ka10, Kal Aaµpavoµtvwv un6~n TWY 61e:evci>v 6e:oµe:uoe:wv TWV KPOTWV 
µdci>v. 
E• I vs a o T1Jiu.1a 
1. Ta te:pµaTtKa Aft~nc;: 6opucpoptKWV tnAe:onTIKWY ~UXOYCl>YIKWV e:Knoµnci>v 6e:v ea 
nptne:a va un6Ke:1vta1 oe: 61a61Kaole:c;: £K6oonc;: a6e:1wv ft oe: ne:p1op1oµouc;: oxe:t1Ka 
µe: tnv npoµftee:1a, e:yKataotaon, 1610Ktnola, Ae:ttoupy(a Kat ouvtftpnoft touc;:. 
Ta te:pµattKa 6opucpop1Kci>v t11Ae:n1Ko1vwv1ci>v µ6vo An~nc;: 6e:v ea nptne:1 va 
un6Ke:tVTOl oe: 61a61Kao(e:c;: £K6oonc;: a6e:tci>v n oe: ne:ptoptoµouc;: OX£TtKa µe: tnv 
npoµftee:1a, e:yKataotaon, 1610Ktnola, Ae:1toupy(a Kat ouvtftpnon touc;:. 
'OAa ta te:pµattKa e:Knoµnftc;:/M~nc;: µnopouv va un6Ke:1vta1 µ6vo oe: 61a61Kaole:c;: 
£yKp1011c;: TUttOU Kai a6e:1ac;: e:Kµe:taAAe:uonc;:. 
2. 01 e:n(ye:101 Otaeµo( e:Atvxou 61KTUOU (KE:VTPlKO( OTaeµo() TCl>V 6tKTUCl>V 
6opucpop1Kci>v te:pµattKci>v ea nptne:1 va Ae:ttoupyouv Kat6n1v a6e:lac;:. H 61aouv6e:o11 
µe: TO 6nµ6o l 0 6 ( KTUO 8a np£ne: I VO e:n I Tpene:Ta I µe: Tl'lV a6e: la OUT ft, µe: Tl'lV 
e:n 1 cpuAa~n Tnc;: tnpnonc;: twv npoUnoetoe:wv nou avacptpovta t oto onµe: lo 4. H 
0UV6£0fl µe: TO 611µ6010 6(KTUO np£ne:1 VO y(ve:Tal µe: Tp6no IOOTlµO, XCl>p(c;: 
61aKp(oe:1c;: KOi 0£ OUVOPTl'lOn µe: TO K60TO<;;. 
o cpoptac;: e:Kµe:taAAe:uonc;: KEVTPtKou oTaeµou ft o cpoptac;: napoxftc;: unnpe:o1ci>v nou 
txe:1 Aal3e:1 a6e:1a an6 tva Kpatoc;: µtAoc;: 6e:v 8a e:(vat unoxpe:wµtvoc;: va 
61anpayµate:ue:tat 61Ka1ci>µaTa np6ol3aonc;: 0£ aAAa Kpatn µ£An, 6e:6oµtvou 6t1 '1 
Aft~n TCl>V unnpe:o I WV TOU ea e:n I Tpene:ta I aut6µata OT'lV KO I VOT l Kft KA ( µaKa, 
6uvaµe: 1 tou apepou 59 Tnc;: ouveftKnc;:, µe: tnv e:n l cpuAa~n µ6vo Twv ana 1 tftoe:wv 
anocpuyftc;: 61aKploe:wv, nou a1t10Aoyouvta1 an6 To ye:v1K6 ouµcptpov, 6nwc;: 
op(~e:TOl OTO onµe:(o 4, OUµcpwva µe: TO KOIVOTtK6 6(KalO. 
3. ea nptne:1 va Katapt1oee:I EupwnaTK6 np6tuno TnAe:n1Ko1vwv1ci>v, nou ea anol3Atne:1 
oTn 61aocpaA1on tou ne:p1op1oµou twv e:v6e:x6µe:vwv nape:µPoAci>v oe: ave:Kt6 e:n(tte:6o, 
npoKe:tµtvou va 61e:uK0Auve:1 tnv aµo1l3ala avayvci>p1011 twv e:yKploe:wv Tunou twv 
Te:pµaTIKWV e:Knoµnftc;:/Aft~nc;:. 01 e:~onAtoµo( nou ea e:(vat ouµcpwvot µe: TO np6tuno 
aut6, ea nptne:a aut6µata va ee:wpouvta1 6tt avTanoKplvovtat oTnv avayKn 
anocpuync;: e:n1~nµ1wv nape:µPoAci>v, µe: tnv e:n1cpuAa£n Tnc;: oAoKAftpwonc;: twv 
KataAAnAwv 61a61Kao1ci>v ouvtovaoµou ouxvotfttwv. 
ea 11pene1 va npotaeel 
6•a6•Kao1wv eyKploewv 
ouµnep1AaµPavoµtvwv twv 
AEltoupy(a<; TOU<;. -130 -I llMl[IO 1 
o6nyla oxet1Ka µs tnv aµo1Pala avayvwp1on twv 
tunou y1a Ta TspµaT1Ka sKnoµnnt/An~nt, 
npoUnoetoswv eyKataotaont, ouvtnpnont Ka1 
H o6nvla autn ea npens1 va loxus1 Ka• y1a tspµat1Ka µ6vo An~n~ nou slva1 
ouv6s6sµeva µs to 6nµ6o10 µstay6µsvo 6[Ktuo. 
Ta tepµat1Ka µ6vo An~n<; nou 6sv slva1 ouv6s6sµ£va µs to 6nµ6o10 µstay6µsvo 
61Ktuo, 6sv ea nptns1 va un6Ks1vta1 os tyKp1on tunou, aAAa µ6vo otnv 
analtnon y1a tv6e1~n ouµµ6p,won<; npoc; ta KataAAnAa np6Tuna otov toµta twv 
n~eKtpoµayvnt1Kwv napeµPoAwv. Ta tux6v µttpa nou anoPA£nouv otnv np6An~n twv 
1t£Pl1tTWoEWV anatn<; n U1tOKAonn<; tn<; K(vnon<; 6£V ea 1tPE11'£l va £(Val 
11'EP l OOOT£PO enaxen an6 Tl t 61 a61 KOO [ E<; 11'0U l oxuouv y la aUout aoupµaTOU<; 
6EKTE<;. 
Ol npoUnoeto£l<; EK6oon<; ~6£lWV 11'PE11'El va e(val QlTlOAoynµtvet Kal avaAovet 
npo<; tov en l 6 l wK6µsvo ot6xo, va e [val 61 a,ave ( t, l o6t l µet, 1<a l va µnv 
6nµ1oupyouv 61aKp(oe1<; 1<aew<; Kai va tnpouv nAnpw<; tnv apxn tou 61axwp1oµou 
twv Kavov1ot1Kwv apµo61otntwv an6 tl<; apµo616tntet eKµetaAAeuont. 
o' npoUnoetoe l <; £K6oon<; a6e l wv v la upµat l Ka An~n<;/s1<noµnnt nou 6ev e Iva l 
ouv6e6eµtva µe to 6nµ6o10 µetay6µevo 6(Ktuo 6ev ea nptne1 va nep1Aaµpavouv 
Kavov1ot1Kt<; 61ao,aAloe1c; aAAec; an6 autt<; nou a1t10Aoyouvta1 y1a tnv ano,uvn 
en1PAaPwv napeµPoAwv, t1c; ana1tnos1c; oxet1Ka µe Tnv npootao(a twv 6e6oµtvwv 
Kal tnv npootaola tnc; l61wt11<n<; ~wnc; oe a1t10Aovnµevec; nep1ntwos1<; 1<a1 ta 
np6tuna, OTO paeµ6 nou ana1touvta1 an6 TO Ko1voT11<6 6(1<a10. 
01 np0Uno8toe1c; £K6oont a6e1wv y1a tn A£1toupy(a twv K£vtp1Kwv ota9µwv 1<a1 
aHwv T£pµaTIKWV 11'0U OUV6EOVTal µ£ TO 6nµ6o10 µ£tay6µEVO 6(KTUO µnopouv, 
£111 nAeov, va nep l AaµPavouv Kavov l OT l dt 61 ao,aA ( oe l c; npo1<s l µtvou va 
61ao,aA108£( n ouµµ6p,won npoc; TOU(; 1t£PIOPlOµou<; 11'0U 1tPOKU1tTOUV an6 
0110KA£l0Tll<Q 0 £l6lKO 6lKalci>µata OX£TlKQ µ£ tnv napoxn tnt 6nµ601ac; 
tnAe,wv1Knc; unnpeoiac;, Ka8ci>c; Kai tlc; s161Ktt np0Uno8£0£1t Kal ta ouotnµata 
£K6oonc; a6e1ci>v oxetlKa µe tnv napoxn 6nµ6o1wv u11npeo1ci>v 6e6oµtvwv nou 
0£011(~ovta1 an6 ta 1<patn µtAn ouµ,wva µ£ tnv o6ny(a 90/388/EOK OX£T11<a µ£ 
TOV avtaywv10µ6 OTI<; ayopec; TWV tnA£11'lKOlVWVla1<ci>v u11npeo1ci>v. 
rt t c; nep l ntci>oe l c; nou ta noAu µeyaAa 6opu,op l Ka ouoTnµata £tr 11<0 l vwv l ci>v nou 
6ev £ [val ouv6ec5eµtva µ£ to en (ye' o 6nµ6o 1 o µetay6µevo 6 ( 1<tuo µnopouv va 
11apsµno6(oouv tnv s1<µetaAAeuon twv unnpeo1ci>v yev1Kou 011<ovoµ11<ou ouµ,tpovto<; 
11'0U txouv avaT£9E( OTouc; opyav1oµouc; tnA£1tll<OlVWVlWV, Ol KaVOVlOTlKEc; 
61ao,aAlOEl<; nou nep1ypa,ovta1 otnv nponvouµevn napaypa'o µnopouv va 
e,apµ6~ovta1 0ta ouotnµata auta, µe tnv en1,uAa~n s~ttaonc; an6 tnv En1tponn, 
ouµ~wva µ£ TOU<; Kav6vec; avtayWVlOµOU tnc; Iuv8nKn<;. 
~sv ea 1tPE1t£l va £,apµ6~ovtal aAA01 nsp1op10µ0( ntpa an6 autouc; nou 
npoPAtnovta1 an6 Tl<; np0Unoetos1~ tK6oon<; a6e1ci>v. 
npsns1 va npota9e[ o6nvla oxet1Ka µs tva Ko1vot1K6 ouotnµa aµo1Pala<; 
avayvci>p1onc; twv a6s1ci>v, nou ea 9eonl~e1, uetgEu gAAwy, Tl<; np0Uwoetos1c; via 
tnv £Kc5oon a6s1ci>v eKµetaAAeuont 6lKtuwv tepµat1Kci>v, opyav1oµci>v ey1<ataotaonc; 
Kai ouvtnpnonc;, '°pewv sKµstaAAeuonc; 1<£vtp1Kci>v ota9µci>v, ouµnsp1Aaµpavoµsvnc; 
tnc; sKµetaAAeuon<;, oe Ko1vot1Kn KA[µaKa, nap6µ01wv ouotnµatwv 6uvaµe1 
ev1a[ac; yev1Kn<; a6e1a<; otnv neplntwon £Kµ£taAAeuon<; oe anoKAs1ot1Ktc; ~ci>vs<; 
ouxvotntwv. 
-131 -I nM1t10 1 
'Ooov a,opa Touc; K£VTPlKouc; oTaeµouc;, n £Kµ£TaAA£uon Touc; ea 6ltn£Tal an6 tnv 
unoypa•n ouµ,wv lac; £KµuaH£uonc; µ£ Tov apµ66 lo ,opta £Kµ£TaAb:uonc; tou 
6laoTnµlKou TµnµaToc;;. H ouµ,wvla auTn ea neplAaµPave:l µ6vo Tlc; 6laTa~elc; nou 
anoPAtnouv OTn 6lao,aAlon Tnc; KaTaAAnAnc;; AElTOUpy(ac; TOU 6opu'°plKOU 
OUOTnµatoc;; Kal ea npett£l va PaolteTal 0£ KPlTnpla aVTlK£lµ£VlKa, 6la,avn Kal 
xwplc; 6laKploe:lc;;. 
5. H apxr. TOU 6laXWPlOµou TWV KaVOVlOTlKWV apµo6lotnTWV an6 Tlc; apµo6l6Tnte:c; 
£KµeTaAAe:uonc;;, ea nptne:a va e:•apµ6te:ta1 nAnpwc;; 6oov a'°pa rnv np6opaon Kai 
TOY tAe:vxo TOU 61aotnµ1KOU TµnµaToc;;. 
'OAa Ta tntnµaTa nou a,opouv Tnv 1 o6T l µn np6ol3aon oe ouxv6TnTe:c; Ka l oTn 
ye:woTaTtKO TPoxta ea np£n£t Ya avTlµe:Twnltovrat µe nap6µoto rp6no. 
KaTa TnY £~ETaon TWY nTUXWV aUTWV, Kal OTO nAa(oao TOU npaotvou Bl13Alou, Ta 
KpaTn µtAn ea nptne:l Ya 6lao,aAltouv 6la6lKao(e:c; avtlK£lµe:v1Ktc;;, 6la,ave:(c;; 
Kai xwplc;; 6laKploe:lc;; t6lwc;; 6oov a•opa r1c;; 61a6lKaole:c;; tlc;; oxe:T&Ktc;; µe: TOY 
avayKa lo ouvtoY l oµ6, nou txouY ee:on l ote: ( otoY KaYov l oµ6 Pa6loe:n11<0 l vwv l wY 
Kal tlc;; onole:c; 6laxe:lplte:tal n dle:evnc; EnlTponn KaTaypa,nc; ruxvoTnrwv rnc; 
dleevouc;; 'Evwonc;; TnAe:ttlKOlVWVlWV. 
6. Ol 6la6lKaolec; ouvtovloµou yla Tnv np6An~n "olKovoµaKnc;; tnµlac;" nou µnope:( 
Ya npo~evnee:l an6 aAAouc;; •ope:lc; napoxnc;; 6uvaµlKou 6laotn1JlKou Tµftµaroc;;, Ol 
ono(e:c; npopAtnovtal oftµe:pa Otte; 6laKul3e:pvntlKEc; ouµl3aOe:lc;; nou 61£nouv touc;; 
6l£8ve:(c;; opyavaoµouc;; 6opu,6pwv, INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT' KQl TOY Eupwna·iK6 
Opyav10µ6 TnhttlKOlVWVlOKWV 6opu,6pwv, EUTELSAT, nptne:l va e:nave:~e:taOTOUV 
npoKe: l µtvou va anotpanouv o 1 6uoµe:ve: l c; 6 l a1<p ( oe: l c; µe:Ta~u twv o l 1<ovo1.1 l Kwv 
•optwv e:Kµe:Talle:uonc; tou 61aotntJlKou t1.1r.µaToc;, Aaµpavoµtvwv nAnpwc; un6cpn Twv 
UttOXP£Wo£WV TWV KPOTWV µe:Awv KOl TWV '°PEWV £KtJ£taAA£UOl'lt ouµ,wva µ£ touc; 
KOIVOtlKouc;; 1<av6v£c; avtaywv1oµou. 
Kara Tl'lV e:nave:~traon auTn ea np£ne:1 va Aaµpavovra1 un6cpn 01 61e:eve:(c;; 
UnOXP£Wo£ l c;; tnc; Kol v6tnTac;; Ka l TWV KPOTWV µ£AWV, ouµ,wva IJ£ TO KO l VOT l 1<6 
6(KalO, Kaewc;; KOl 11 avayKl'l Va 6laO,aAlOe£l n lo6pponn avattTU~l'l TWY 
6opu,op l Kwv £n l KO' vwv l wv nay Kooµ l we;, '6 (we; 6oov a'°pa Tl c; avanTuoo6µ£v£c; 
xwpe:c;;. 
Ta Kpatn µ£An ea nptne:a va unootnpl~ouv tic; £v£pye:1ec;; nou oKon6 txouv va 
anAouote:uoouv Tlc;; 61a61Kao(e:c;; "te:xv11<ou ouvtovaoµou" nou npoPA£novTat an6 
tac; 6laKuP£PVnTlK£c; ouµpaoe:lc;;. 
7. 01 xpnore:c; ea np£ne:1 va txouv tn 6uvat6tnta KaAut£pnc; np6opaonc;; oto 6uvaµ11<6 
tou 61a0Tnµ11<ou tµnµatoc;;. r1a to oKon6 aut6, ea e:lvaa avay1<alo va Kaeopaoe£l 
o tp6noc; Kata tov onolo µnope:( va e:ut£ux9e:( ypflYopa avo11<tn np6ol3aon, 
Aaµpavoµtvwv un6cpn twv 6le:9vwv 6e:oµe:uoe:wv twv 1<paTwv µe:Awv Kat Tou 
KOlYOTll<OU 611<a(ou. 
Itov nap6v ota61 o Twv avaAuoe:wv, n En 1 tponn ee:wpe: l 6T 1 n Kalute:pn Auon 
npoKe: 1 µtvou va npoAn,ee: ( n v6ee:uon tou avtaywv 1 oµou Ka 1 va e:n l tpanouv n 
nAnPn XPnOl'l Kal n KalUTEPl'l 6uvatn Katavoµfl TOU unapxovtoc; 61aOTl'llJlKOU 
tµnµaroc; ea ntav va napaoxe:ee: ( Otouc;; XPnouc;; 11 an I e:uee: ( ac; np6o(Jaon OTO 
6uvaµ11<6 tou 61aotnµ11<ou rµnµaroc;, ouµne:p1Aaµpavoµ£vnc; tnc; µe:ra6oonc; npoc; ro 
6opucp6po, µe: rnv e:na,uAa~n tnc; tnpnonc;; rwv npoUno8£oe:wv £K6oonc; a6e:awv nou 
opltovtaa OTO onµe:lo 4 napanavw• 
-132 -I llMl[IO 1 
otn ouvtx£1a ea nptn£1 va napaox£e£1 orouc; cpop£1c; napoxnc; tou 61aor11µ1Kou 
tµnµaroc; ro 61Kalwµa £µnop1Knc; 61ae£011c; tou 6uvaµ1Kou tou 61aot11µ1Kou 
tµnµatoc; an'eueelac; otouc; xpnot£c;. 
Aut6 ea nptnel va acpopa, U£tgEU aAAwv, TlC napaKatw unnpeolec;: 
-ta 161wt1Ka 61Ktua nou 6ev ouv6tovta1 µe to 6nµ6o10 t11Aecpwv1K6 61Ktuo 
y1a tnv napoxn un11peo1wv ouµn£p1Aaµpavoµtv11c; tnc; 61aAoy1Knc; cpwv11t1Knc; 
trtAecpwvlac;• 
-ta 161wt1Ka 6(Ktua nou npoop(~ovtat y1a ttc; unnpeo(ec; 61aPIPaonc; 
6e6oµtvwv Kat ttc; e161Ktc; en1xe1pnµat1K£c; en1Ko1vwvlec;• 
-Tl"IV napoxn an'eueelac; trtAEontlKWV 6opucpop1KWV unnpEOIWV OTO onltl. 
'Oaov acpopa TOY Eupwna·iK6 Opyav10µ6 TnhnlKOIVWVlaKWV Aopucp6pwv, EUTELSAT, 0 
ot6xoc; nou nptne1 va en1 TEuxeel £I vat va tou napaox£8£( nAftpnc; d£U8£p(a 
£µnop1Knc; 61aeeonc; twv unnpeo1wv tou o' 6An tnv Ko1v6t11ta. 
Kata tnv £n16lw~11 tou ot6xou autou, ta Kpatn µtAn ea nptn£1 va 61aocpaAloouv 
-t6oo y1a rouc; cpopelc; napoxnc; tou 61aot11µ1Kou rµnµaroc nou txouv ouota8e( 
µe 61Kn touc eueuvn Kata to £ev1K6 touc; 6(Ka10 6oo Kaa yaa ta ouotnµata nou 
£(Val £yKaT£0Trtµtva OUµqHl)Va µe TlC OX£TlK£c; 6t£8V£(<; 6&aKU(3£pVJlTIK£<; 
ouµPao£ 1 c; -tnv nMpn £cpapµovn tnc; apxnc tnc; an' eu8£ I ac; np6oPaonc twv 
XP'lOTWV 0£ 6Aouc; TOUC cpope ( c; napoxnc TOU 61 aotnµ I KOU tµftµatoc; 1.1£ 6pouc; 
l06t1µouc; Kat XWp(c; 61aKp(O£I<;. 
Mta npwtn Auon, nou tXEl ft6n 60K1µao8£( OTO nAa(OlO Tl"IC Ko1v6trtta<;, £(Val 
6t1 01 unoypacpovTec; Tou opyav1oµou auTou txouv 6111.11oupyftoe1, un6 Tt'lV 
enonte (a Twv apµ661 wv Kavov 1OT1 Kwv apxwv, unnpeo I a y 1 a tnv np6of3aon OTO 
6uvaµ 1 K6 Tou opyav 1 oµou autou an6 touc cpop£ l c eKµ£taAA£uonc; tou En lye 1 ou 
tµftµatoc; otnv Ko1v6t11ta. 
8. Ta ttAn nou XPEWVOVTal OTOUC XPnOT£C y1a Tl"I xpnon TOU 61aeto11.1ou 6uvaµ&KOU 
61aotnµ1Kou tµftµatoc; nptn£1 va ecpapµ6~ouv tn yev1Kn apxn tnc; t1µ0A6v11011c; oe 
OUVaPTl"IOl"I I.IE TO K60TO<;. 
9. 01 61a61Kaol£c; nou acpopouv tnv uAonolnon twv ot6xwv nou £Ktl8evta1 ota 
onµela 5, 6, 7 Kat 8, nptne1 va 61e~avovta1 an6 ta Kpatn µtAn ouµcpcdva µ£ tic; 
unoxpeWoe' c; touc; nou anopptouv an6 to KO' vot' K6 6 l Ka' o Ka' 16 (we; touc; 
Kav6vec; avtaywv1oµou. 
K•vnttc 6opu-.op1Ktt uwnpsolsc 
Ka• 6opu-.op1Ktc uwnpsolsc wpoo61op1o~o0 atone 
10. 01 K1v11rtc; 6opucpop1Ktc; unnpeolec; Kat 01 6opucpop1Ktc; unnpeolec; npoo61op1oµou 
atone 6£Y 6 I acptpouv ouo l aot l Ka an6 aHec; aµcp ( 6poµe:c; ecpapµoytc; 6opucpop l KWY 
en1Ko1vwv1wv an6 onµe:lo oe noAAanAa onµela Kai, Kata ouvtn£1a, 6e:v ea nptne1 
va un6Ke1vta1 oe Kavov1ot1Kouc; nep1op1oµouc n 61aocpaAloe1c; £Kt6c; £K£1vwv nou 
£Ktleevtal OTO onµe(o 4. 
11. 'Oaov acpopa t' c; £YKP l oe 1 c; tunou twv te:pµat 'Kwv ouotnµatwv Ka 1 tnv tK6oon 
a6e1wv, ta K1vnta T£pµat1Ka ouotftµata ea nptne1 va 61tnovta1 an6 Kav6vec; 
1006uvaµouc; 1.1£ TOUC KaY6V£C nou lOXUOUV yla ta T£pµattKa OUOtftµata Ota8£pWY 
unnp£01wv µ6vo An~nc; n eKno1.1nnc; Kai An~nc;. 
-133 -I llMl[IO 1 
12. H o6rlY(a y&a Tll etotr&Oll KOlVOT&Kn<: 6&a6&Kao(at; OX£TlKQ tJ£ TllV a1.10&1Ja(a 
avayvwp&Oll twv a6£awv, ll ono(a avat£P£Tat oto OlltJ£(o 4, npttre& va npoPA£tre& 
£l6&Ktt; 6&aTO~£lt; yaa TllV £A£ue£Pll KUKAotopla TWV KIVl1TWV tSptJat&KWV 0£ 6All 
t11v Ko1v6t11ta Kaewt; Kai y1a tllV aµoaPala avayvwpaon twv a6sawv yaa to oKotr6 
aut6. 
13. 01 6opUfOPIKtt; pa61otnAsotrTIKEt; tJ£ta66os1t; trpot; TO supu KOIV6 
ouµtr£P 1 Aaµpavoµtvwv 6x 1 µ6vo twv £tapµoywv nou op ( ~ovta 1 otov Kavov 1 oµ6 
Pa610£trlKOIVWVIWV y1a Tit; 6oputOPIKEt; pa61ot11A£OtrTIK£t; Utr11P£01£t;, aAAa Kai 
TWV pa61 OTl1A£0trT I KWV £tapµoywv trOU h I toupyouv OTO trAa ( 0 I 0 TWV Otae£pwv 
6opUfOPIKWV UtrllPEOIWV -ea OUV£X(OOUV va utr6K£1Vtal OTlt; £161KEt; pueµ(0£1t; 
trOU e£otr(~ovta1 atr6 Ta KPOTll µtAll OUIJtWVa µ£ TO KOIVOTIK6 6(Ka10, 6trwt; 
op(~£Tal 16(wt; OTl1V o6nvla 89/552/EOK y1a TO OUVTOVI0µ6 op1oµtvwv 
voµoe£TIKWV, KaVOVIOTIKWV Kai 6IOIK11TIKWV 61ata~£WV TWV Kpatwv µsAwv OX£TIKa 
µ£ t11v aOKllOl1 t11Asont1Kwv 6paot11p1otntwv. 
14. 01 ana1tnos1t; KataptlOll<: npotunwv µsta6oollt o' aut6v tov toµta, slva1 
~wt 1 Kn<: Ollµao I at; npoK£ 1 µtvou va 61aotaA109£ I 11 Pao 1 Kn 61ah1toupy1 K6Tllta. 
'Ooov atopa tit; stapµovt<: twv atr'sueslat; µsta66oswv, 11 0611yla 86/529/EOK txs1 
trpoo61op(os1 TllV OIKoytvsaa trPOTUtrWV MAC y1a Tit; TEXVIKtt; 1J£ta60011t Wt; TO 
trp6tutro nou npttr£1 va xp1101µono1nesl. 
Kata to OX£61aoµ6 tilt sn6µsvnt vsvsat; 6opuf6pwv atr'sueelat pa61otnAsotrt1Kwv 
µsta66oswv ea npttr£1 va 61aotaA1oesl 11 ouµPat6tllta µs tlt tptxouo£t 
6paOTllP '6tllT£t OTOV toµta Tilt; Tnh6pao11<: Yq111Ant EuKp ( V£ I at; (HDTV) Ka& TllV 
£vapµov 1 oµtv11 Kae 1 tpwon tll<: 0£ supwna·iKn KA l µaKa. Aut6 ea nptns' va Antes I 
utr6Cl'll Kata T' <: µdAovt' dt svtpys I£<: OX£T' KO µg TEXV I KE<: 1.1£ta600llt OTOV 
toµta aut6v, 16lw<; Kata tit 6paotnp16t1lt£t nou np6Ks1ta1 va 61a6sx8ouv tnv 
UtlOTOIJEVll 061lvla traKtTa/MAC, Tilt otrolat; 11 lOXUt; Anvs1 Otlt; 31 A£K£tJPplou 
1991. 
Kata TllV UAOtrO(llOll TWV trpota0£WV aUTWV Kai TllV apo11 TWV UtlOtaµ£vwv tr£PIOPIOIJWV, 
11 Etrltpotrft ea £tapµ6os1, OTO 0UVOA6 TOUt;, TOUt KaV6V£t avtayWVIOIJOU Tilt; 
l:uvenKllt;. 
-134 -
npoK& 1 µtvou va uXono 1118ouv o 1 napanavw npote 1 v6µevec; &toe 1 c; µe avapµov 1 oµtvo 
tp6no, 11 En1tponn npoPAttre1 6t1 ea ana1t118ouv op1oµtva Ko1vot1Ka µttpa: 
AMOIBAIA ANArNnPltH ErKPlrEnN TYnOY rlA TOYI TEPMATIKOYI e:onAIIMOYr 
AOPY~OPIKnN EnlKOINnNlnN, 
Kata tp6trO 1f0U ea £1f£KT£ (VE: l Tl1V l OXU Tl1t 0611Y ( ac; YI a Tl1V trpOOEyV I 011 TWV 
voµoeeo1wv TWV Kpatwv µeXwv OX£TlKQ µ£ TOUt Tl1A£1flKOIVWVlaKouc; TE:pµaTIKOU<; 
e~otrA 1 oµouc;, Kaewc; Ka 1 t11v aµo' Pa (a avayvwp '011 t11c; ouµµ6pcpwoflc; touc;, nou 
s(va1 un6 ou~nt11011 en( tou nap6vtoc;, npoKeaµtvou va ouµnep1A11•eouv 6Ao1 01 
£trlY£10l 6opUfOPlKO( Ota8µo( At'i~11c;/£KtrOµtrflc; Ka8wc; Kal 01 Otaeµo( µ6vo Af1~11c; 
trOU e(va1 OUV6£6&µ£vo1 µ£ TO 611µ6010 µ£tay6µevo 6(KTUO, 0£ OUVOPTl1011 µ£ Tl<; 
avayK£c;. 
KOINOTIKO IYITHMA IXETIKA ME THN AMOIBAIA ANArNnPIIH TnN AAElnN rlA AIKTYA 
AOPY~OPIKnN TEPMATIKnN 
trOU ea 8£0tr(~£1, µ&talu tlAAWV, Tl<; trpoUtro8t0£1<; £KµE:TtlAA£UOl1<;, 0£ KOIVOTIKfl 
KX(µaKa, TWV 61KTUWV T£pµatlKWV Kai, ev6exoµtvwc;, Tl<; trp0Utro8toe1c; pu8µ1011c; 
Tl1t £KµE:TOAA£U011c; TWV £trlY£lWV KE:VTPIKWV Ota8µwv. 
H 0611yla autn ea np£ne1 va Pao10Tel 0T1c; 8£oe1c; nou txouv ava,epeel Ka1 ea 
trp£tr£l va 61£UKOAUV£l Tl1V £yKataOTao11 aµ,(6poµwv 61KTUWV 0£ 6Al1 Tl1V 
Ko1v6t11Ta, 1fPOPA£trOVTat, U£Tglu OAAWY, Tit Y£VIK£c; a6£l£t y1a ta 6(KTUa trOU 
ea A£lToupyouv oe ~wve~ ouxvotnTwv 01 onolec; ea Ka8op108ouv µe npotepa16t11Ta 
y1a Tic; KOIVOTldc; 6opu,optdc; &cpapµoytc;. Ol EV X6yw VE:Vldc; a6£1£<; 8a 
trpEtrE:I va £1flTPE1fOUV Tl1V £Kµ£TOAA£U011 TWV 61KTUWV VSAT, y1a trapa6e1yµa, o' 
6At'l Tl'lV Ko I v6T11Ta µ& lo.It a EV I a (a a6£ I a XWP ( c; va atra l TOUV Tl1V SK60011 aHwv 
a6£lWV n TO OUVTOVl0µ6 OUXVOTfiTWV y1a Ka8£va atr6 ta 6opU,0PlKO TE:pµaTIKO OTa 
KPOTl'l µtX11. ea trpttr&l va £K6(6ovTal a6£l£c; y1a 6(KTUa trOU A£1TOUpyouv 0£ µ11 
anoKA£10T1Ktc; ~wvec; ouxvoTnTwv, µe &Aax1oto ap18µ6 unoxpewt1Kwv 61a61Kao1wv 
y1a TO OUVTOVl0µ6 TWV ouxvoTt'iTWV. 
ENIIXYrH TOY IYNTONltMOY TnN IYXNOTHTnN rlA TII AOPY.OPIKEI EnlKOINnNIEI, 
-135 -
npoKstµtvou va suvonesl n tK6oan a6stwv os KotvottKn KA(µaKa, µs Paon tnv 
tptxouoa µstappueµton tnc; Eupwna·cKnc; Enttponnc; Pa6tosntKotvwv1wv Kai tnv 
(6puon tl'\c; Eupwna·cKnc; Ynnpsolac; Pa61ostr1Ko1vwv1wv atr6 tnv EupwtraTKn 
Iuv6lOOK£,n TWV Opyav1oµwv Taxu6poµ£(wv Kai TnA£1flKOlVWVIWV, Kal 
Aaµpavoµtvwv wAnpwc; utr6'n twv 61a61Kao1wv ouvtov1oµou ouxvotntwv Kaewc; Kat 
TWV 61a61KaOlWV y1a tnv 1o6t1µn trp6opaon OTI'\ YEWOtat1Kn TPOXIO, 'lfOU txouv 
ouµcpci»vnes( 61sevwc; Kai txouv eEO'lflOTE( OTOV Kavov10µ6 Pa6l0£1flKOIVWVIWV Kal 
tic; owol£c; 61axs1pl~eta1 n Atsevnc; Etr1tponn Kataypa,nc; Iuxvotntwv tnc; 
A1eevoUc; tvwonc; Tl'\AEtrlKOlVWVlWV. 
Mia atr6,aon otov toµta aut6 ea wptwe1: 
va 61£UKOAUV£1 TO OUVTOVl0µ6 TWV ouxvotntwv OTOV Toµta aut6 µsta~u TWV 
Kpatwv µeAwv, oe 6A£c; Tl c; wep l trtWo£ l c; wou eewpe l ta l aut6 atrapa ltnto, 
Aaµpavoµtvwv Utr6,n TWV 6t£evwv 6ta6lKaOlWV OUVTOVlOµOU Kal tnc; avantu~nc; 
TOU KOIVOTIKOU 1f£PlPaAAovtoc; 6opUtQPIKWV U'lfl'\PEOlWV• 
va ouvtovl~e1 Tlc; etoe1c; tnc; Kotv6tnTac; we; trpoc; Tic; nayK6oµt£c; 
Iuv61a0Kt,s1c; Twv Opyav1oµwv Pa61ostrtKotvwvtwv wou atopouv ~ntnµata 
Katavoµnc; ouxvotnTwv Ka1 tpox1aKwv etoewv. 
va 6nµ1oupynost To µnxav10µ6 yta tov Kaeoptoµ6, µs Paon Touc; 6teevelc; 
Kavov1oµouc; pa610£trlKOlVWVIWV Kai Tlc; OUOT00£1c; Tl'\c; EupwtraTKnc; Etrltpotrnc; 
Pa61oetr1Ko1vwv1 wv, op 1 oµtvwv ~wvwv µg wpoupa 16tnta OTl c; 6opuCfOp 1 Kee; 
e,apµoytc; Ko1voTtK9"c; KAlµaKac;, Wot£ va 6t£UKoAuv9el sv6exoµtvwc; n 
EKµstaAhuon Twv wpoavacpep6µevwv vev 1 Kwv a6e 1 wv, µs tnv £tr 1,uAa~n tnc; 
oAoKAnpwonc; TWV 61eevwv 61a61Kao1wv OUVTOVlOµou ouxvott'ITWV• 
ENIIXYIH THI IYNEPrAIIAI TnN KPATnN MEAnN OION A$0PA TII YnHPEIIEI nPOI/Ano 
MH KOINOTIKEI xnPEI, 
wp0Ke1µtvou va avatrtuxeouv Ko1vtc; 6ta6tKao(ec; OX£TIKa µe Ttc; uwnpeol£c; 
auTtc;, o 1 ono ( ec; Pao ( ~ovta l ott c; vsv l Ktc; apxtc; wou ea Ka9op 1 oeouv oto 
trAa(OlO tnc; U'lfO 6tatrpayµaT£UOI'\ ouvoAlKl'lc; ouµ,wv(ac; GATT Yla Tlc; U1fl'\P£Ol£c;. 
EIAIKOI OPIIMOI THI nAPOXHI ANOIKTOY AIKTYOY CONP) IXETIKA ME TH IYNAEIH TnN 
AIKTYnN AOPY$0PIKnN TEPMATIKnN 
-136 -
otnv enlyeaa uno6oµn tou 6nµ601ou 61Ktuou, µe tnv ena,uAaln twv 
nsp1op1oµwv Kai twv Kavov1ot1Kwv 6tao,aAloewv nou ava,tpovTat otac; 
npots 1 v6µsvec; etos 1 c; npoK£ 1 µtvou va slao,aA 1 oeouv svapµov 1 oµtva OfllJE la 
61aouv6eonc; oe eupwna1Kn KA(µaKa µetalu twv 6opucpop1Kwv ouotnµatwv Kat tnc; 
uno6oµnc; tou 6nµoo(ou 61Ktuou, µe Paon tac; apxtc; tnc; np6oPaonc; Kata tp6no 
l06t1µ0, XWp(c; 6taKp(O£tc; Kai 0£ OUVapTflOll IJE TO K6otoc;. 
H npootyyaon autn ea £U£KT£lV£1 TO ns6(o Tnc; napoxnc; AVOlKTOU AIKTUOU OTa 
6lKTUa 6opucpoptKWV entKOlVWVlWV Kat, KaTa ouvtneta, ea 6t£UKOAUV£l 
ouo 1aoT1 Ka tnv anotshoµat 1 Kn Ae 1 Toupy la Tou npoava,sp6µevou ouotnµatoc; 
y1a tnv tK6oon a6e1wv oe Ko1vot1Kn KAlµaKa. 
ENAPMONIIH TnN MEAJ\ONTIKnN TEXNIKnN METAAOIHI noY EXOYN HAH nPOIAIOPIIeEI 
rtA TH AOPY$0PIKH METAAOIH nPOI TO EYPY KOINO, 
nou np6K£ 1ta1 va 61 a6exee ( tnv o6ny (a 86/529/EOK, 6nwc; ava,tpsta 1 otnv 
avaKo l vwon tnc; En 1 Tponnc; ox et 1 Ka µe tnv noA 1T1 KO otov ont 1KoaKouoT1 K6 
Toµta tnc; 21nc; •ePpouaplou 1990. 
Kata Tnv npO£TOtµao(a TWV µeAAOVTIKWV 6paotnptOTOTWV OX£TtKa µ£ Ttc; 
u:xv 1 Ktc; µeta6oonc; otov Toµta aut6, ea nptne 1 va An,ee l un6cpn 6T 1 n 
onµavt1K6Tspn aµeon np6KAnon elva1 n svapµovaoµtvn Kaeatpwon np6tunou y1a 
tnv TnAe6paon YcpnAnc; EuKplvs1ac; (HDTV) oe eupwnaTKn KA(µaKa, oto dalo10 
tou ono(ou n xpnon Twv 6opu'6pwv ea 61a6paµaT(~e1 onµavT1K6 p6Ao we; apx1K6 
µtoo µeta6oonc;. ea elva1 avayKalo, enlonc;, va £K,pa~eta1 To yeyov6c; 6Tt n 
TEXVOAOYIKO avantu£n Ka8tOTa 61apKwc; 6UOKOA6tepn Tfl 61acpopono(non µetalu 
twv unnpeo1wv nou, ouµtwva µe touc; op1oµouc; nou xpno1µono1ouvta1 61e8vwc; 
ota da lo 1 a tou Kavov 1 oµou Pa61oen1Ko1vwv1 wv tnc; I TU, anouAouv 
6opu,op1Ktc; pa61otnAeont1Ktc; unnpeolec;, Kat twv pa61otnAeont1Kwv e,apµoywv 
nou Aettoupyouv Oto nAalo10 twv otaeepwv 6opu,op1Kwv unnpeo1wv. 
ea nptne1 va unaplet ouvtovaoµtvn npootyyaon oxet1Ka µe tnv avaeewpnon Twv 
KP•tnplwv tou npoypaµµatoc; nou eton1oe n nayK6oµ1a tuv61a0Kecpn twv 
Opyavaoµwv Pa6to£nlKOlVWVlWV TO 1977 OX£TlKa µe TllV napoxn 6opucpoptKWV 
pa61otnAeont1Kwv unnpeoawv. To anot£Aeoµa tnc; avaeewpnonc; autnc; ea np£ne1 
va An,eel nAnpwc; un6"'n Kata Tll 61aµ6p,c..>0n Koavwv eupwnaTKwv etoewv yaa tnv 
nayK60µ1a Iuv6taOK£«P'1 TWV Opyavaoµwv Pa6tO£UlKOlVWVIWV TO 1992. 
ea np£ne 1 va avaAn,ee l oe 1 pa µaKponp69eoµwv evepye 1 wv npoKe 1 µtvou va 
6nµ1oupyn8e( to KataAAnAo nep1PaAAov y1a tnv nAnpn uAonolnon twv npote1v6µevwv 
eto£wv. 
-137 -
AuT6 acpopa l6lwc; Tlc; aAAay£c; Ol onol1c;, 1v61xoµ£vwc;, 1(vaa avayKa(1c; OTO 6l£8v£c; 
BEPlPaAAov TWV 6opucpoplKWV EBlKOlYWVlWV, Tl"IV EKn6v11011 npotunwv Kal tnv npoavwvn 
Tnc; nAnpouc; xpnonc; tnc; TEXYOAoy(ac; 6opucp6pwv an6 TOU<; fPOPElc; TOU Toµta KOl TOU<; 
Opyavloµouc; TnAEttlKOlVWYlWV, BPOKElµ£vou va lOXUPOBOtl18E( ., EUpwnalKn eton o' 
aut6v TOY TOµta. 
npoTEIYETOl va avaAn,eouv Ol BQQQKQIW gEOYEC 6pggnc; 
1 . EPr AI I EI ME ITOXO THN ANAeEnPHIH THI rYMBAIHI EUTELSAT KA I THI IXET I KHI 
IYU.QNIAI EKMETAAAEYIHI, 
OTO Pa8µ6 nou analTEltal yla va uAonoln8ouv Ol napaKatw npot1lv6µ1v1c; 
e£o£lc;. 
I' auT6 To nAaloto, Ta onµavTtK6T1pa ~nTnµaTa 1(va1: 
01 anapalTl'lTEc; Tpononolno11c; v•a Tl'l 6lao,aAlOl1 Tilt an'1u81lac; np6opaonc; 
TWV XPl10TWV OTO 6opu,oplK6 6uvaµtK6 TOU EUTELSAT• 
11 µ£HOYT l Kn OVT l µETWB l 011 Tnc; 6 l a6 l KOO ( ac; OUYTOV l oµou OXET l KO µ£ Tl<; 
6lata~El<; Tnc; ouµpaonc; EUTELSAT VlO Tf1V np6Ancpn 110lKOYOµlKnc; ~nµ(ac;" • 
n µ1AAOYTlKn OVTlµETWBlOl"I TWV 6la6lKOOlWV TEXYlKOU OUYTOVtOµou nou 
npoPAtnovtal otn ouµpaon EUTELSAT• 
ta anapaltnta µ£tpa yla tnv uAonolnon tou ot6xou tnc; 1µnopaKnc; 
OVE~apTnolac; TOU EUTELSAT· 
Ol µnxavaoµo( nou ea 6lao,aA(~ouv Tl'l XPEWOl'l TWY XPl'lOIWY OE OUYOPTl1011 µ£ 
TO K6otoc;· 
11 uAonolnon Tou 6aaxwpaoµou Twv KavovaotlKwv apµo6lotntwv an6 Tac; 
apµo6 a 6tnT1c; 1Kµ1taH1uonc; Ka 1 n 6uvat6Tnta npooxwpnonc; v£wv µeAwv oto 
EUTELSAT. 
Ta KPOTl"I µ£An nou KaAuntouv TO 88% TOU ouv6Aou TWV µ£TOXWY £ntv6uonc; OTOV 
opyav I oµ6 EUTELSAT. ea np£n£ I va avaAaPouv an6 KO I YOU Tl"IY eueuvn y I a TOY 
avanpooavaToA10µ6 KOl Tl"IV npooapµoyn Tl"lt ouµpaonc; EUTELSAT Kat Tl"I<; 
avtlotolxnc; ouµ,wvlac; £Kµ£taAAeuonc; npoK11µ£vou va 6lao,aA1081( 11 KaAutepn 
6uvaTn avantu~n TOU 6uvaµlKOU EUTELSAT ouµ~va µ£ TOU<: Ot6xouc; Tl"I<: Evaa(ac; 
Ayopac;. 
2. KA9QPIIMOI KOINQN 9EIEQN IE A!E9NH FORA IXETIKA ME TII AQPYtQPIKEI 
EO!KOINQN!EI, KAI !A!QI ITOYI INTELSAT KAI INMABSAT 
-138 -
Ol ouµPaO£l~ INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT ouvenayovtal onµavtlKtc 6l£ev£lc 
6£oµ£uo£' c v 'a ta Kpatn µtAn. ME µ£toxtc ouµµ£toxnc 2sx Ka' 34X otouc 
INTELSAT Kal INMARSAT avt(OtOlXa, ta Kpatn µtAn 6la6paµat(~ouv onµa[vovta 
p6Ao o' autouc touc nayK6oµlouc opyavloµouc 6opucp6pwv. 
Evw Ol aAAavtc nou analtOUVtal an6 TlC 1tPOT£lV61J£V£C eto£lC U1tOPX£l K[v6uvoc 
va Kaeuot£pt\oouv Kal va e:~aptneouv Kat'avayKn an6 tlC £~£Aloo6µe:ve:c 6l£eve:(~ 
ouvenKe:c, ea µnopouoav wot6oo va An,eouv oploµtva µttpa: 
ta Kpatn µ£An o'e:(Aouv va £,apµ6~ouv auotnpa, 6oov acpopa tn 6lKI\ touc 
£K1tpooci»nnon, tnv apxn TOU 6laXWPlOIJOU TWV KaVOVlOTlKWV apµo6lOTOTWV an6 
tlC apµo6l6tnte:c £Kµe:taAAe:uonc• 
ta Kpatn µtAn ea nptne:' va unootnp ( ~ouv t' c tptxouo£c npotaoe:' c tou 
INTELSAT 1tOU anoPAtnouv otnv op8oAoylKt'l opyavwon TWV f la6lKaOlWV 
OUVTOVlOIJOU yla tnv np6An~n OlKOVOIJlKl\C ~nµlac· 
ta Kpatn µtAn ea np£n£l va £v8appuvouv tlC evtpye:l£C nou OKon6 txouv tnv 
anAouoteuon tWV 6la6lKaOlWV T£XVlKOU OUVtOVlOIJOU• 
ta Kpatn µ£An ea nptne:l va 6l£UKoAuvouv tnv np6oPaon otouc napanavw 6uo 
opyav 'oµou~ µtow twv ouµPaAAoµtvwv µe:pwv, Ka' va ano6 [ 6ouv l 6 la ( te:pn 
1tPOOOXn otnv £,apµoyft tn~ apxnc TlµoA6ynonc 0£ ouvaptnon µe; TO K60tOC• 
ta Kpatn µ£An ea nptne:l va e:pya~ovtal an6 Kolvou ota nAalola twv 6uo 
opyav loµwv OX£t 'Ka µe: t l ~ ne:pal Ttpw aHavtc nou anal touvtal an6 t' c 
npote:tv6µ£V£C 8EO£lC, Aaµpavovtac un6cpn tnv avayKn to6pponnc avantu~nc 
TWV 6opu,op l KWV £1t l KO l VWV I WV nay KOOi.i [WC Ka l T I ~ £ l 6 l KtC avayK£C TWV 
avantuoo6µevwv xwpwv. 
3. En I IOEYIH TQN EprAI I QN TYOOOO I HtHt TOY EYPQOATKOY I NtT I TQYTOY Tynono I HtHt 
tTON TQMEA TQN THAEO!KOINON!QN tXETIKA ME TON E=onA!tMO AOPYtOPIKQN 
EO!KO!NQNIQN 
To ETSI txe:1 6woe:1 aµe:on npote:pal6tnta OTOV toµta aut6 1.1£ tn ouotaon £l61KnC 
en1tponnc CTC-SES-Satel I lte Earth stations) Kat tnv Kataptlon noAuetouc 
npoypaµµatOC e:pyaOIWV I.IE aµe:on 1tPOT£pal6tnta OTOV toµ£a aut6. 
'Ooov a,opa, £l61K6te:pa, tov toµta twv £~onAloµwv twv e:nlye:1wv otaeµwv, ta 
np6tuna eewpouvtal anapaltnta yla tnv anoteAeoµatlKO uAonolnon tn~ aµo1Palac 
avayvwp1on~ twv eyKploewv tunou Ka1 twv 61a6lKaolwv £K6oon~ a6elwv yla ta 
µov66poµa Kal aµ,[6poµa 6opu,oplKa ouotnµata. H Enltponn oKoneue:l, ota 
nAa[ola tnc ouvepyao(a~ tn~ µe to ETSI, va 6woe:l aµe:on npotepal6tnta otov 
toµta aut6. 
-139 -
4. OPOQ9HIH THI OAHPOYI XPHIHI THI TEXNOAQr!AI TQN AOPYtOPQN ITII EtAPMO[EI ADO 
TOYI toPEII OAPOXHI YOHPEI!QN KAI TOYI oprAN!IMQYI THAEO!KO!NQN!QN. 
l61wc; 6oov acpopa Tlc; unnpeolec; nou npoopl~ovTat Yla Tlc; µElOV£KTlKtc; 
W£PlOX£c; KOl Tlc; XWP£c; T'lc; KEVTPlKric; KOl AvatOAlKric; Eupwnnc; Ol ono(Ec; txouv 
apx(OEl twpa Va EVTOOOOVTOl OTOV £Upwna1K6 tnA£WlKOlVWVlOK6 XWPO. 
O' 6opucp6po' ea 6 l atnprioouv ta Pao a Ka touc; nAeovEKtriµaTa oe oxto11 µe t' c; 
enlyelsc; EnlKolvwvlec;: ~Eu~slc; xaµnAric; Klvnonc; Kal taxEla µsta6oon, Ka9wc; 
Kal aµeon KaAu~n EKTEtaµtvwv W£PlOXWV Yla µov66poµec; £,apµoytc;. 
DAriPn XPrion TOU TEXVOAOVlKOU 6uvaµlKOU tnc; Eupwna1Knc; Ynnpeo(ac; 
Alaotnµatoc; npoKelµtvou va avanTuxeouv nepalt£pw ol uxvoAoylec; 
6opu,6pwv T6oo yla tlc; l6lwTtKtc; 600 Kat tlc; 6nµ6oaEc; e,apµoytc;• 
nAnpn £,apµoyri TWV OUOTriµaTWV 6opu,oplKWV EWlKOlVWVlWV yla tnv uAonolnon 
TWY noAlTlKWV Tnc; KOlV6TnTac;· 
El6lK6tepa, aut6 a,opa tn xprion twv nponvµtvwv tnhnlKOlVWvlwv otov 
Toµta T'lc; nepl,£PElaKric; avantu~nc;. MEOW TOU npoypaµµatoc; STAR, 11 
Enltponn txs' xopnvrioel xpnµaTlKtc; evloxuoelc; yla tn 611µ,oupyla KUPlWV 
En(y£lWV 6opu,oplKWV OTa9µwv Kal T£pµaTlKWV £µnoplKWV unnp£0lWV yla Tlc; 
~£U~Elc; 6laPlPaonc;. 
o ot6xoc; aut6c; a,opa Kal tlc; noAltlKtc; tnc; Kolv6tntac; otouc; toµelc; tnc; 
eKna(6euonc; Kal KatapTlonc;, twv µeTa,opwv Kal Tnc; aAls(ac; Ka9wc; Kal tnv 
noAlTlKfl T'lc; Yla Tl«; avanTuoo6µ£VEc; XWPEc;. 
!6la1T£Pn npoooxn OXe:tlKa µe To p6Ao twv 6opu,6pwv oTa nAalola tnc; 
µdAOVTlKflc; avanTu~nc; TWV TFlhWlKOlVWVlWV OTFlV KOlV6Tnta, l6(wc; 6oov 
acpopa T' c; unnp£o (Ee; supwna·aKric; KA ( µaKac; Ka' tnv avantu~n twv 
OAoKAnpwµtvwv EnlKOlVWVlWV Eup£(ac; Zwvnc; (!BC). 
Avaµua66tnc; 
Avo61Kti ~e:uln 
An6 011µe:(o oe: noAAanAa 011µe:(a 
An6 011µe:(o oe: 011µe:(o -140 -
rMUIAPIO 
TO tµtiµa 6opucp6pou e:uaKoavwvawY nou Aaµ(JaYe:a 
TO onµa e:n(y&:lOU OTa8µou, µ&:TOTOn(~&:l Trt 
ouxv6Trtta Tou an6 Trt ouxY6Trtta trtc; aY061 Ktic; 
~e:ulnc; upoc; Trt ouxY6TrtTa tnc; Ka8061Ktic; 
~&:Ulrt<:, TO E:Y l OXUE: l KO l TO avaµe:Ta6 ( 6e: l OE: 
£yay ti ue:p 1 ao6Te:pouc; e:u I ye: 1 ouc; oTa8µouc;. To 
otiµa e:uave:Kutµue:taa npoc; Trt Yrt un6 µop•n 
6toµ11c; nou e:lao,aA(~e:1 Trtv KaAu•n e:upe:lac; 
~wY11c;. 01 6opucp6po1 µtone; aoxuoc; µnopouv va 
txouY µtxp1 30 avaµe:Ta66te:c;. 01 6opu,6poa 
U•rtAtic; 1oxuoc; txouv A1y6Te:pouc;. 01 6opu,6poa 
INTELSAT T'lt vtac; ye:Ye:ac;, uou 8e:wpe:(Tal 6Tl 
e:(va1 01 µe:yaAUTE:POI KOi noAunAoK6TE:POI 
6opu,6poa nou KaTaoKe:uao811Kav noTt, e:(vaa 
e:,061aoµtY01 µe: 48 avaµe:Ta66Te:c;. o npwToc; an6 
Touc; 6opu,6pouc; auTouc; e:KTole:u811Ke: TOY 
OKTw(Jp10 1989. tvac; µ6vo aYaµe:Ta66Trtc; µnope:( 
Ya µe:Ta6(6e:1 KaVOVIKO tvav ti 6uo TrtAe:onTlKOUc; 
6aauAouc;, avaAoya µe: Trt 61aeto1µ11 IOXU, ft 
µtxp1 1700 TrtAE:,WVIKO KUKAwµata ,tpoYTOc;. 
11 61a6poµn µe:Ta60011c; an6 trt vn npoc; To 
61 aOTrtµa, 6rtAa6n 11 µe:Ta600rt oftµaToc; an6 TO 
6opu,opaK6 te:pµaT1K6 npoc; To 6opucp6po. 
µov66poµe:c; ft aµ,(6poµe:c; e:u1Ko1vwYle:c; an6 tva 
K&:VTPIK6 011µe:(o npoc; op1oµtYa 6e:uTe:pe:uoYTa 
011µe:(a Kai avTloTpo,a. Me:Talu TWV µov66poµwv 
e:,apµoywv an6 011µe:(o oe: noAAauAa 011µe:(a µtac.o 
6opucp6pou ouµne:p1Aaµ(JavovTa1 11 µe:Ta60011 6e:6o­
µE:vwy Kai 11 trthout1Kti µna60011 an'e:u8e:(ac; 
OT I c; e:yKaTOOTaoe: I c; TWV XPrtOTWY. Me:Talu TWY 
aµ, l 6poµwy e:cpapµoywv an6 011µe: ( o oe: 110Ua11Aa 
011µe:(a ouµne:p1Aaµ(JaYOYta1 ta 6(Ktua 6e:6oµtvwY 
µe: 61 a6poµti e:n 1 OTpo,.;c; Ka 1 o 1 µe:866o 1 
61aAoy1Ktic; t11Ae:µa811011c;. ITa aµcp(6poµa 6(KTua 
an6 011µe: ( o oe: noHanAa 011µe: (a uuapxe: l ouxva 
aouµµe:Tp(a OTrt pon Twv 6e:6oµtvwv, 6e:6oµtYou 
6T1 01 nA11pofQp(e:c; nou o6e:uouv an6 TOY 
K&:VTPIK6 oTa8µ6 upoc; Touc; n~pa,e:pe:&aKouc; 
oTa8µouc; e:lva1 11e:p1ao6Te:pe:c; an'6,T1 upoc; Trtv 
avT(8e:Tn Kate:ueuvo11. 
µov66poµe:c; ft aµ' ( 6poµe:c; e:n 1Ko1 vwv ( e:c; µe:talu 
6uo µ6vo onµe: ( wv. Me:talu twv unnpe:o 1 wY nou 
xp1101µono1ouv 6opu,6pouc; y1a tic; e:111Ko1vwvle:c; 
an6 011µe: ( o oe: onµe: ( o ue:p 1 Aaµ(JavovTa 1 11 
twVflTtKti 61a(J((Jao11, 01 ~e:ule:1c; 6e:6oµtYwv 
xaµnAnc; TaxuTrtTac; Ka 1 11 trtAe:on 1 Kti 61 aYoµti 
otouc; aKpa(ouc; ota9µouc; tou KaAw61aKou 
61KTUOU. 
CCIR 
CCITT 
·' 
CEPT 
rewota11K6t 6opucp6po~ 
DBS -141 -
A1c8vnt IuµPouAcuT1Kn En1Tponn Pa610-
en1Ko1vwv1wv, µaa an6 Tl~ 6uo Kupt£t 
ouµPouA£UTlKEt EntTpontt tn~ A1£8VOUt tvwon~ 
Tnhn l KO l vwv 'WV ( I TU) . H cc I R c ( val apµ66' a 
yaa tn µ£Attn TWV T£XVIKWV Kai A£lTOUPYIKWV 
8£µ0TWV OTOV Toµta TWV pa61ocn1KOlVWYlWY 
Ka8wt Kai y1a tnv tK6oon OXETIKWV OUOTQO£WV. 
A1e8vnt IuµpouAeutaKn Enatponn TnAeypacplat 
Kat TnAecpwvlat, µla an6 Tlt 6uo Kupae~ 
ouµPouA£ut1Ktt enatpontt Tn~ A1c8vou~ tvwont 
TnAEnlKOlVWVlWV. H CCITT anoT£h( TO forum 
OTO nla(oao tou ono(ou 01 opyav10µ0( 
tnAEttlKOIVWVIWV µnopouv va £yKp(vouv, U£tgEu 
~' TEXVIKEt Kat l£1toupy1K£t OUOTQO£lt 
Oto nayK6oµ10 en(n£6o. 
EupwnalKn ruv61a0Ke~n twv A101Knoewv 
Taxu6poµ&(wv Kat TnAentKOtVWVIWV. 
6opucp6pot , tou ono ( ou n nep I o6ot nep 1 cpopa~ 
elva1 Ion µe Tnv nep(o6o nep101pocpnt 1nt vnt 
yupw an6 TOY O~OVO Tnt, Ka l JOU OttO (OU n 
TPOX ta PP (OKETO l OTO en [ n£6o JOU l onµep l YOU 
tnt vnt. 'Evat thoaot 6opucp6pot elva1 
TPOXl09&tnµtvot 0£ U~Ot 36.000 xAµ. navw an6 
TOY 1onµ£p1Y6 Kat cpa(Y£Tat oxe66Y aKlvntot 
an6 1n vn. H 6uYaT61n1a tono8t1nont 1wY 
6opucp6pWY 0£ Y£WOTOT l Kn TPOX la ntaY 
anapa ltntl1 npoUn69eon y 1 a 1nv avantu~11 twv 
6opucpoptKWV &nlKOlVWVIWV, 6e6oµtvou 6Tl 
ed1pe~e tn xpnon µeyalwv Kat ota9epwY 
en(yeawv 01a8µwY, xwp[~ Ya e(Yat anapaltnto 
Ya npooavatoA[~eta1 ouvexwt n Kepa(a npot To 
6opucp6po y1a tnY "napaKoAouenon" tou Kata tn 
µe1a16n1on tou otov oupaY6. 01 wcp1006tepo1 
6opucp6po1 £ttlKOlYWYIWV e(vat tono9£T11µEVOI 
0111 vewota11Kn 1pox1a. 
an'Eu8£iat 6opucpop1Kn pa61otnl£on11Kn µ£10-
60011. AtaYoµn onµatwY, ouYn9wt 111A£6paont, 
aAAa ev6exoµtYWt Kat nxou Kat 6e6oµtYWY, 
an'eu9elat 0£ 6tKTl1 6opucpoptKWY £KnoµnwY 011t 
eyKatao1ao£1t tou n£Aatn (Kai 6x1, y1a 
napa6£ 1 yµa, oc ouonwa CATV) µtaco 6opucp6pou 
nou xpno1µono1£l ttt ~wY£t ouxYotntwv nou 
npoopl~ov1a1 y1a 111 6opucpop1Kn pa610-
t11A£on11Kn un11p£ola. H (61a unnp£ola µnop£1 
enlont va µ£Ja6o9£( µtow 6opucp6pou nou 
xp1101µono1£l tit ~wY£t ouxvo1ntwY 01a8£Pnt 
6opucpop1Knt unnp£olat, on6t£ KaAEl1a1 
unnp£o[a DTH (Direct To Home -an'£u9clat 
An~t'l~ OTO on(Jl) 
10 tµnµa 1ou 6opucpop1Kou ouo1nµa1ot nou 
anotele(tat an6 TOY n TOUt 6opucp6pout. 
Aopu,oplK6 TEpµaTlK6 
E11(y£lO<; OTa9µ6c; -142 -
auT6c; o Tu11oc; TEpµat 'Kou ovoµa~sTa' s11 lone; 
£11 (YE l oc; OTa8µ6c;. 0 OTa9µ6<; auT6<; flp {OK ET al 
otnv s11,,avsla tnc; vnc; Kal txsl µsAstnesl yla 
Tl<; EltlKOlVWV(£<; µ£ tvav TnAEltlKOlVWVlaK6 
6opucp6po n µ£ tva n 11£PlOo6T£pa T£pµaTlKO TOU 
(6lou tu11ou µtoe.» 6opucp6pou. To tspµatlK6 
OUV(OTaTal 0£ tvav n lt£ploo6T£POU<; 110µ11ouc; n 
6tKTE<; n OE OUV6uaoµ6 ltOµltWV KQl 6£KTWV, 
ouµ11sp1Aaµpavoµtvou Tou ouµ11Anpwµat1Kou 
£~011A1oµou 11ou s(vaa a11apaltnToc; oe tva 
onµs(o yaa Tn µsTa6oon u11npsolac; 
pa6lO£ltlKOlVWVlWV. 
ouvn&wc;, 6opucp6poc; 11ou 6 l aetTs a 110Hou<; 
6aauAouc; (25 twc; 30), aAAa 11ou µsTa6l6sl Ka9s 
6(auAo µ£ µlKP6TEPn lOXU a11'6,Tl tvac; 
6opucp6poc; u~nAnc; loxuoc;. Ol 6opu,6pol µtone; 
aoxuoc; Elxav OXE6lao9El oTnv apxn yla Tnv 
TnAs~vla a116 onµs(o os onµslo Kal Tnv 
TnAeo11tlKr'l 6aavoµfl 11poc; Touc; aKpa(ouc; 
OTa8µou<; TWV OUOTnµaTWV KaAw6laKnc; tnAs6-
paonc;. Xapn oTnv 11p6060 Tnc; tsxvoAoylac; 
KEpaawv Kal Tn<; sualo9nola<; Twv 6£Ktwv, txsl 
a1106ElX8£l 6Ta Ol 6opucp6poa auTol µ11opouv va 
xpnolµo11oln8ouv Kal via tnv tnAso11TlKr'l 
6aavoµfl a11'Eu8E(ac; OTO 011(T1 µe K£pa(Ec; 
AOYlKOU µEyt9ouc; (0,8 tw<; 1,2 µ.) OTl<; 
11sp1oo6Tspsc; xwpsc; Tnc; Eupw11nc;. 
ouvfl9wc;, 6opucp6poc; ltOU AElTOUpys( OTl<; ~WV£<; 
ouxvoTnTwV TWV 6opu,oplKWV pa6loTnA£011TlKWV 
u11npsolwv CBSS) Kal 11poo,ep£l u11npsolsc; 
a11'Eu8slac; pa610TnAso11T1Knc; µsTa6oon.; 11ou 
AaµPavovTa' a116 Kspa I sc; µ' Kpou µsyteouc; C µE 
61aµ£TPO 50 tw<; 60 EK.). H u~nAfl lOXU<; µE Tnv 
011ola µsta6l6£Tal Ka9£ 6lauAoc; T£lvE1 va 
ltEPlOplO£l TOV ap18µ6 TWV 61auAwv ltOU µ11opouv 
va 11apaoxe8ouv OE 6opu,6po u~nAnc; loxuoc;, ol 
0110 Io l os op l oµtvE<; ltEP l ltTWO£ l c; EI va' µ6vo 
11tvTE. 
6uvaµlK6 µsTa6oonc; 11ou 6la9tTEl TO 6opu,op1K6 
ouotnµa. To 6uvaµ1K6 aut6 E(Val ouvn9wc; 
OUvaptnon Tn<; lOXUO<; Kal TOU ap&9µou TWV 
6opucp6pwv. 
pa6tOOUXV6TnTa<; n 61auAou pa6lOOUXV6TnTa<;: n 
a6£la ltOU 11aptXETQl an6 µ&a 6lO(Knon µ£ OKOn6 
Tfl XPflon El6lKfl<; pa6tOOUXV6TnTa<; fl 6laUAOU 
pa61oouxv6Tntac; u116 ouyK£KplµtvE<; 11poU110-
8tosl c;. 8At11£ ap9po 1 TOU KaVOVlOµou 
Pa6lOEltlKOlVWVlWV yla TflV QKPlPr'l opoAoyla. 
EYA 
EUTELSAT 
GlgaHertz (GHZ) 
zwvn c 
zwvn K 
Zwvn Ka 
zwvn Ku -143 -
TO tµnµa TOU 61KTUOU 6opucpoplKWV EtrlKOIVWVIWV 
nou atrOTEAE(Tal an6 TOU<: 6opu,oplKOU<; 
EtrlYEIOU<: Ota9µouc; 
Eupwna°iKn Ynnpeola A1aotnµato<:, µEyaAo<: 
Eupwna°iK6<: opyav10µ6<; nou £xe1 avalaPe1 Tl'lV 
tpeuva KOi TEXVOAOVIKO avatrTU~l'l OE 9tµata trOU 
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1f6PO<:. 
GR 
T IMH IlOAHIHI ISSN 0254-1483 
COM(90) 490 t£AL1':6 
ErrPAtA 
16 
ApL1'. ~ataA6you: CB-C0-90-590-GR-C 
ISBN 92-77 -66185-2 
~CxPL 30otl(8£~: 3,50ECU yu:u:ci1't 10 £rtLnUovodi8tt;: 1,25ECU 
Ynnpto Ca En Loiu.1~\I E.:86occ.>v ic.>v E'UJXt>nah~cl>\I Koi votTitea>v 
L-2985 Luxembourg