ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΩΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ 
Βρυξέλλες, 23.02.1998 
€ΟΜ(1998)96τελικό 
Πρόχαση 
ΑΠΟΦΑΣΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΥ 
σχεχιχά με χην εχ μέρους χης Ευρωπαϊχής Κοινόχηχας υπογραψή Πρωχοχόλλου 
χης Σύμβασης-πλαισίου χων Ηνωμένων Εθνών για χις Κλιμαχιχές Αλλαγές 
(υποβληθείσα από την Επιχροπή) 

Αιχιολογική έκθεση 
Σχις 4 Φεβρουαρίου 1991, χο Συμβούλιο εξουσιοδόχησε χην Επιχροπή να 
εκπροσωπήσει χην Κοινόχηχα σχις διαπραγμαχεύσεις για χη σύναψη Σύμβασης για χις 
Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές και οιωνδήποχε σχεχικών Πρωχοκόλλων1. 
Η Σύμβαση-πλαίσιο χων Ηνωμένων Εθνών για χις Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές υπεγράφη από 
χην Κοινόχηχα και όλα χα Κράχη Μέλη χης χον Ιούνιο χου 1992 και κυρώθηκε από χην 
Κοινόχηχα σύμφωνα με χην απόφαση χης 15ης Δεκεμβρίου 19932. 
Η πρώχη συνδιάσκεψη χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών χης Σύμβασης πραγμαχοποιήθηκε 
σχο Βερολίνο από χις 28 Μαρχίου έως χις 7 Απριλίου 1995 και καχέληξε σε συμφωνία 
για χην έναρξη μιας διαδικασίας, που θα επιχρέπει σχα Συμβαλλόμενα Μέρη να 
αναλάβουν καχάλληλη δράση για χην περίοδο μεχά χο 2000 και σχην. οποία 
συμπεριλαμβάνεχαι η αύξηση χων υποχρεώσεων χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών χου 
Παραρχήμαχος I χης Σύμβασης για χις Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές, με χην έγκριση 
Πρωχοκόλλου ή άλλης νομικής πράξης. Σχην εν λόγω συνδιάσκεψη συγκροχήθηκε 
ομάδα &ά ηοο ανοικχής σύνθεσης από Συμβαλλόμενα Μέρη, που ανέλαβε χο καθήκον 
να υποβάλει σχη δεύχερη συνδιάσκεψη χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών έκθεση σνεχικά με 
χην εξέλιξη χης διαδικασίας. 
Η ομάδα αα Ηοο χης λεγόμενης "ενχολής χου Βερολίνου" συνήλθε οκχώ φορές. 
Οι διαπραγμαχεύσεις σχα θέμαχα αρμοδιόχηχας χης Κοινόχηχας διεξήχθηκαν σύμφωνα 
με χις διαπραγμαχευχικές οδηγίες που εξέδωσε χο Συμβούλιο σχις 4 Φεβρουαρίου 19913 
και με χα διαδοχικά συμπεράσμαχα χου Συμβουλίου σχεχικά με χις κλιμαχικές αλλαγές, 
από χα οποία χα πιο πρόσφαχα εγκρίθηκαν σχις συνόδους χου Συμβουλίου 
Περιβάλλονχος χης 3ης Μαρχίου, χης 19ης Ιουνίου και χης 16ης Οκχωβρίου 1997. 
Η Συνδιάσκεψη χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών που έγινε από χις 1 έως 10 Δεκεμβρίου 
σχο Κυόχο χης Ιαπωνίας υιοθέχησε χελικά χο Πρωχόκολλο. 
Μολονόχι χο Πρωχόκολλο που εγκρίθηκε χελικά δεν είναι χόσο φιλόδοξο όσο οι 
διαπραγμαχευχικοί σχόχοι χης Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, χα αποχελέσμαχα χων 
διαπραγμαχεύσεων είναι θεχικά για χο περιβάλλον χου πλανήχη, δεν ανχίκεινχαι σχο 
κοινοχικό δίκαιο και είναι συμβαχά με χα προαναφερόμενα συμπεράσμαχα χου 
Συμβουλίου. Η Κοινόχηχα θα πρέπει να πρωχοσχαχήσει και σχο θέμα χης υπογραφής 
και, συνεπώς, έχει κάθε συμφέρον να είναι σε θέση να υπογράψει χο Πρωχόκολλο χο 
συνχομώχερο δυναχόν από χη σχιγμή που θα καχαχεθεί προς υπογραφή, σχις 16 
Μαρχίου 1998 σχη Νέα Υόρκη. Το Πρωχόκολλο θα παραμείνει ανοικχό προς υπογραφή 
μέχριχις 15 Μαρχίου 1999. Οσον αφορά χα επόμενα βήμαχα, χο Πρωχόκολλο υπόκειχαι 
σχην κύρωση ή αποδοχή χου εκ μέρους χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών χης Σύμβασης. 
Μιά πρόχαση απόφασης χού Συμβουλίου γιά κυρωχική πράξη θα υποβληθεί από χην 
Επιχροπή εν καιρώ. 
Με δεδομένες χις δημόσιες δηλώσεις θέσεων από σημανχικούς εχαίρους, είναι ήδη 
σαφές όχι η συνολική εφαρμογή εξαρχάχαι από χην περαιχέρω πρόοδο πού θα γίνει σχα 
1 Έγγραφο αριθ. 4446/91 ΕΝν 34 ΕΝΕΚ. 4 
2 ΕΕ αριθ. ί 33 της 7.2.94, σ. 11 
3 Έγ/ραφο αριθ. 4446/91 ΕΝΥ 34 ΕΝΕΚ 4 
"7 
επόμενα χρόνια, χο λιγόχερο σε θέμαχα όπως η από κοινού εφαρμογή, οι όροι εξαγοράς 
χων εκπομπών καί ο ρόλος χων αναπχυσσόμενων χωρών. Η Επιχροπή θα κάνει 
καχάλληλες προχάσεις εν καιρώ. 
Ζηχείχαι επομένως από χο Συμβούλιο να αποφασίσει χην υπογραφή χου Πρωχοκόλλου 
χης Σύμβασης για χις Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές και να εξουσιοδοχήσει χον Πρόεδρό χου να 
ορίσει χα πρόσωπα που θα είναι αρμόδια να χο υπογράψουν εξ ονόμαχος χης 
Κοινόχηχας. 
ζ 
Ηρόταση Απόφασης χου Συμβουλίου 
σχετικά με την εκ μέρους της Ευρωπαΐκής Κοινότητας υπογραφή Πρωχοκόλλου 
της Σύμβασης-πλαιβίου των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για χις Κλιματικές Αλλαγές 
ΤΟ ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΗΣ 
Έχονχαςυπόψη: 
χη συνθήκη για χην ίδρυση χης Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινόχηχας, 
χην πρόχαση χης Επιχροπής, 
Εκχιμώνχας: 
όχι η Κοινόχηχα είναι Συμβαλλόμενο Μέρος χης Σύμβασης-πλαισίου χων Ηνωμένων 
Εθνών για χις Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές, 
όχι η Επιχροπή μεχείχε εξ ονόμαχος χης Κοινόχηχας, σύμφωνα με χις 
διαπραγμαχευχικές οδηγίες που εξέδωσε χο Συμβούλιο σχις 4 Φεβρουαρίου 1991 και με 
χα διαδοχικά συμπεράσμαχα χου Συμβουλίου σχεχικά με χις κλιμαχικές αλλαγές, σχην 
ομάδα &ά Ιιοο χης ενχολής χου Βερολίνου, η οποία συγκροχήθηκε σχις 7 Απριλίου 1995 
από χην πρώχη συνδιάσκεψη χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών χης Σύμβασης με σκοπό χην 
ανάληψη καχάλληλης δράσης για χην περίοδο μεχά χο 2000, 
όχι χο Πρωχόκολλο υιοθεχήθηκε από χην Συνδιάσκεψη χων Συμβαλλομένων Μερών 
χης Σύμβασης-πλαισίου χων Ηνωμένων Εθνών για χις Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές που έλαβε 
χώρα σχο Κυόχο από χις 1 έως 10 Δεκεμβρίου 1997, 
όχι χο Πρωχόκολλο αποσκοπεί σχην μείωση χων εκπομπών χων αερίων που 
ευθύνονχαι για χο φαινόμενο χου θερμοκηπίου και, ως εκ χούχου, συμβάλλει σχην 
επίχευξη χων σχόχων χης κοινοχικής πολιχικής σχον χομέα χου περιβάλλονχος, 
όχι είναι σκόπιμο επομένως να υπογράψει η Κοινόχηχα χο εν λόγω Πρωχόκολλο, 
ΑΠΟΦΑΣΙΖΕΙ: 
ΑΡΘΡΟ ΜΟΝΟ 
Ο Πρόεδρος χου Συμβουλίου εξουσιοδοχείχαι να ορίσει χα πρόσωπα που είναι αρμόδια 
να υπογράψουν εξ ονόμαχος χης Κοινόχηχας χο Πρωχόκολλο χης Σύμβασης για χις 
Κλιμαχικές Αλλαγές που υιοθεχήθηκε σχις 10 Δεκεμβρίου 1997 σχο Κυόχο χης 
Ιαπωνίας. 
Βρυξέλλες, Για χο Συμβούλιο 
Ο Πρόεδρος 
^ 
UNITED 
NATIONS 
Framework Conventioii Distr 
on tSlimate tShange LIMTTED 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
10Decemberl997 
Subject to technical revision 
Original: ENGLISH 
CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES 
Third session 
Kyoto, 1-10 December 1997 
Agenda item 5 
~ KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE 
UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLBMATE CHANGE 
The Parties to this Protocol, 
Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 
hereinafter referred to 3s "the Convention", 
Inpursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention ss stated in its Article 2, 
Recalling the provisions of the Convention, 
Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, 
Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate sdopted by decision 1/CP.l of the 
Conference of the Psrties to the Convention at its first session, 
Have agreed as follows: 
Article 1 
For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contsined in Article 1 of the Convention 
shallapply. Inaddition: 
1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Psrties to the Convention. 
W 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
English 
Page2 
2. "Convention" means the United Nstions Framework Convention on Climste Change, 
adopted in New York on 9 May 1992. 
3. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chsnge" means the Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the 
United Nations Environment Programme. 
4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substsnces that Deplete the Ozone 
Lsyer, sdopted in Montresl on 16 September 1987 snd ss subsequently sdjusted snd smended. 
5. "Parties presënt and voting" means Parties present and castjng an affirmstive or negstive 
vote. 
6. "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, 3 Party to this Protocol. 
7. "Party included in Annex I" means a Psrty included in Annex I to the Convention, ss 
may be amended, or 3 Pàrty which lias msde 3 notificstion under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the 
Convention. 
Article 2 
1. Each Party included in Annex I in schieving its quantified emission limitstion snd 
reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustsinable development, shall: 
(3) Implement and/or further elsborate policies and measures in accordsnce with its 
national circumstances, such as: 
(i) Enhancement of energy efflciency in relevant sectors of the nstional 
economy; 
(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gsses 
not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its 
commitments under relevsnt international environmentsl sgreements; 
promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and -
reforeststion; 
(iu) Promotion of sust3inable forms of sgriculture in Ught of climste change 
considerations; 
(iv) Promotion, research, development snd incressed use of new and 
renewable forms of energy, of csrbon dioxide sequestration technologies 
snd of advanced and innovative environmentslly sound technologies; 
r 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add. 1 
English 
Page 3 
(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of msrket imperfections, fiscsl 
incentives, tsx and duty exemptions snd subsidies in sll greenhouse gss 
emitting sectors thst run counter to the objective of the Convention snd 
apply market instruments; 
(vi) Encouragement of appropriste reforms in relevsnt sectors aimed at 
promoting pohcies and messures which limit or reduce emissions of 
greenhouse gsses not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; 
(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gsses not 
coritrblled by the Montresl Protocol in the transport sector; 
(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane through recovery and use in waste 
management, as well ss in the production, transport and distribution of 
energy; 
(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhsnce the individusl and combined 
effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, 
paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their 
experience snd exchange information on such policies snd messures, including developing wsys 
of improving their compsrabiUty, transpsrency snd effectiveness. The Conference of the Psrties 
serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shall, st its first session or ss soon ss 
practicable thereafter, consider wsys to fscilitate such cooperation, taking into account all 
relevant information. 
2. The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of 
greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from avistion snd msrine bunker fuels, 
working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the Intemational Maritime 
Organization, respectively. 
3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under 
this Article in such a wsy ss to minimize sdverse effects, including the sdverse effects of climste 
chsnge, effects on internstionsl trsde, snd socisl, environmentsl snd economic impscts on other 
Psrties, especisUy developing country Psrties snd in psrticulsr those identified in Article 4, 
paragraphs 8 and 9 of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. The 
Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol msy take further 
sction, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph. 
4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it 
decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies snd measures in 
paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, 
shall consider ways and means to elsborste the coordinstion of such policies snd measures. 
c 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
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Page 4 
Article 3 
1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individuslly or jointly, ensure that their sggregste 
snthropogenic carbon dioxide equivslent emissions df the greenhouse gsses listed in Annex A do 
not exceed their sssigned amounts, cslculsted pursusnt to their qusntified emission limitstion snd 
reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B snd in accordance with the provisions of this 
Article, with a view to reducing theiroverall emissions of such gsses by at least 5 per cent below 
1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. 
2. Each Psrty included in Annex I shsll, by 2005, have msde demonstrable progress in 
schieving its commitments under this Protocol. ~^r '.. 
3. The net chsnges in greenhouse gss emissions from sources snd remoysls by sinks 
resulting from direct humsn-induced lsnd use chsnge^ sndjbrestry &ctivitie^ymiteQrto~ 
sfforeststion, reforeststion, snd deforeststion since 1990, messured ss veririsble chsnges in 
stocks in each commitmenf period shall be used to meet the commitments in this Article of each 
Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removsls by sinks 
sssocisted with those sctivities shall be reported in s transparent snd verifisble msnner snd 
reviewed in sccordance with Articles 7 and 8. 
4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the 
Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide for consideration by the 
Subsidiary Body for Scientiflc snd Technologicsl Advice dats to estsblish its level of carbon 
stocks in 1990 and to enable an estim&te to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent 
years. The Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, 
at its first session or as soon as practicsble there&fter, decide upon modalities, rules and 
guidelines as to how and which additionsl humsn-induced activities related to chsnges in 
greenhouse gss emissions snd removsls in the sgricultural soil and land use change snd forestry 
categories, shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amount for Parties included in 
Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the 
methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by 
the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and 
the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and 
subsequent commitment periods. A Party msy choose to apply such a decision on these 
additionsl humsn-induced sctivities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities 
have taken place since 1990. 
5. The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market 
economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the 
Conference of the Parties st its second session, shsll use that base year or period for the 
implementation of their commitments under this Article. Any other Psrty included in 
Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which hss not yet submitted 
its first nstionsl communicstion under Article 12 of the Convention msy also notify the 
1 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
English 
Psge 5 
Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol thst it intends to 
use 3 historical bsse yesr or period other thsn 1990 for the implementation of its commitments 
under this Article. Tlie Conference of the Parties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to thisv 
Protocol shall decide on the acceptance ofsuch notification. 
6. Taking into account Article 4, psrsgrsph 6, of the Convention, in the implementstion of 
their commitments under this Protocol other thsn those in this Article, a certain degree of 
flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties 
to this Protocol to the Psrties included in Annex I undergoing the process of trsnsition to a 
market economy. 
7. In the first quantified emission limitstion 3nd reduction commitment period, from 
2008 to 2012, the sssigned amount for esch Psrty included in Annex I shsll be equsl to the 
percentsge inscribed for it in Annex B of its sggregste snthropogenic carbon dioxide equivslent 
emissions of the greenhouse gsses listed in Annex A in 1990, or the bsse yesr or period 
determined in sccordance with paragraph 5 sbove, multiplied by five. Those Psrties included in 
Annex I for whom lsnd use chsnge snd forestry constituted s net source of greenhouse gss 
emissions in 1990 shsll include in their 1990 emissions bsse yesr or period the sggregste 
anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions minus removals in 1990 from lsnd use 
change for the purposes of cslculsting their sssigned smount 
8. Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base yesr for hydrofluorocsrbons, 
perfluorocsrbons snd sulphur hexsfluoride, for the purposes of the cslculstion referred to in 
psragraph 7 3bove. 
9. Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established 
in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in sccordsnce with the 
provisions of Article 20, psrsgraph 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of 
the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the considerstion of such commitments st least seven 
years before the end of the first commitment period mentioned in paragraph 7 above. 
10. Any emission reduction units, or sny part of an assigned amount, which s Psrty scquires 
from snother Party in sccorcbtnce with the provisions of Article 6 3nd of Article 16 bis shsll be 
sdded to the assigned amount for that Psrty. 
11. Any emission reduction units, or sny psrt of sn sssigned smount, which s Psrty trsnsfers 
to snother Psrty in sccordsnce with the provisions of Article 6 snd of Article 16 bis shsll be 
subtrscted from the sssigned smount for that Party. 
12. Any certified emission reductions which s Psrty scquires from snother Psrty in 
accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the sssigned smount for thst Psrty. 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
English 
Page6 
13. If the emissions of & Psrty included in Annex I during s commitment period sre less thsn 
its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to 
the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. 
14. Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in 
paragraph 1 above in such a way as to rninimize adverse social, environmentsl and economic 
impacts on developing country Parties, psrticularly those identified in Article 4, psragraphs 8 and 
9, of the Convention. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the 
implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the 
Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider whst actions are necessary to rninimize 
the sdverse effects of climate chsnge snd/or the impscts oijesponse messures on Psrties referred 
to in those psragraphs. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, 
insurance and transfer of technology. 
Article 4 
••• 
1. Any Parties included in Annex I that hsve sgreed to jointly fulfil their commitments 
under Article 3 shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total 
combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivslent emissions of the greenhouse gases 
listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned smounts calculsted pursuant to their quantified 
emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the 
provisions of Article 3. The respective emission level sllocsted to esch of the Psrties to the 
sgreement shall be set out in that sgreement. 
2. The Psrties to sny such sgreement shall notify the secretarist of the terms of the 
sgreement on the dste of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptsnce, spprovsl or 
3ccession. The secretsrist shsll in turn inform the Psrties and signatories to the Convention of the 
terms of the sgreement. 
3. The sgreement shsll remsin in operation for the duration of the commitment period 
specified in Article 3, paragraph 7. 
4. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional 
economic integration orgsnizstion, sny slterstion in the composition of the orgsnizstion sfter 
sdoption of this Protocol shsll not sffect existing commitments under this Protocol. Any 
slteration in the composition of the orgsnizstion shsll only spply for the purposes of those 
commitments under Article 3 thst sre adopted subsequent to that revision. 
5. In the event of failure by the Psrties to such an sgreement to schieve their total 
combined level of emission reductions, each Party to such an agreement shall be responsible for 
its own level of emissions set out in the sgreement. 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add. 1 
English 
Page 7 
6. If Psrties acting jointly do so in the framework of, snd together with, s regionsl 
economic integration organizstion which is itself s Party to this Protocol, each member State of 
that regional economic integration organization individually, snd together with the regionsl 
economic integration orgsnizstion scting in sccordsnce with Article 23, shsll, in the event of 
failure to achieve the totsl combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of 
emissions as notified in socordance with this Article. 
Article 5 
1. Esch Psrty included in Annex I shsll have in place, no lster than one yesr prior to the 
start-o£the first commitment period, s nationsl system for the estimation of anthropogenic -
emissions by sources snd removsls by sinks of sll greenhouse gsses not controlled by the 
Montresl Protocol. Guidelines for such nstionsl systems, which shsll incorporste the 
methodolcgies specified in psrsgraph 2 below, shsll be decided upon by the Conference of the 
Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol at its first session. 
2. Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removsls by sinks 
of sll greenhouse gsses not controlled by the Montresl Protocol shsll be those sccepted by the 
Intergoverhmentsl Psnel on Climste Chsnge snd sgreed upon by the Conference of the Psrties st 
its third session. Where such methodologies sre not used, sppropriste sdjustments shall be 
spplied sccording to methodologies sgreed upon by the Conference of the Psrties serving ss the 
meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol 3t its first session. Based on the work of, inter alia, the 
Intergovernmental Psnel on Climste Chsnge snd sdvice provided by the Subsidisry Body for 
Scientific snd Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving ss the meeting of the 
Psrties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and 
adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. 
Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertsining 
complisnce with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted 
subsequent to that revision. 
3. The global warming potentisls used to cslculste the csrbon dioxide equivalence of 
snthropogenic emissions by sources snd removsls by sinks of greenhouse gsses not controlled by 
the Montresl Protocol listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmentsl Psnel 
on Climste Chsnge snd sgreed upon by the Conference of the Psrties 3t its third session. Bssed 
on the work of, inter alia, the Intergovernmentsl Psnel on Climste Chsnge snd sdvice provided 
by the Subsidisry Body for Scientific snd Technologicsl Advice, the Conference of the Psrties 
serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll regulsrly review snd, ss sppropriste, 
revise the globsl wsrming potentisl of esch such greenhouse gss, tsking fully into 3ccount sny 
relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. Any revision to a global wsrming potentisl 
shall apply only to those commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period 
adopted subsequent to that revision. 
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Article 6 
1. For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, sny Psrty included in 
Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, sny other such Psrty emission reduction units resulting 
from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing snthropogenic 
removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in sny sector of the economy, provided thst: 
(s) Any such project hss the spprovsl of the Psrties involved; 
(b) Any such project provides s reduction in emissions by sources, or sn enhsncement 
of removals by sinks, that is sdditionsl to sny thst would otherwise occur; 
(c) It does not scquire sny emission reduction units if it is not in complisnce with its 
obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and 
(d) The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic 
actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3. 
2. The Conference of the Parties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol msy, 
st its first session or ss soon ss practicsble theresfter, further elaborate guidelines for the 
implementstion of this Article, including for verificstion snd reporting. 
3. A Psrty included in Annex I msy suthorize legsl entities to psrticipste, under its 
responsibility, in sctions lesding to the generstion, trsnsfer or scquisition under this Article of 
emission reduction units. 
4. If s question of implementstion by 3 Party included in Annex I of the requirements 
referred to in this psragraph is identified in sccordance with the relevsnt provisions of 
Article 8, transfers snd scquisitions of emission reduction units msy continue to be made after 
the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Psrty to meet 
its commitments under Article 3 until sny issue of complisnce is resolved. 
Article 7 
1. Each Psrty included in Annex I shsll incorporate in its snnusl inventory of snthropogenic 
emissions by sources snd removsls by sinks of greenhouse gsses not controlled by the Montresl 
Protocol, submitted in sccordsnce with the relevsnt decisions of the Conference of the Psrties, 
the necesssry supplementsry informstion for the purposes of ensuring complisnce with Article 3, 
to be determined in sccordsnce with psragraph 4 below. 
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its nstionsl communiostion, 
submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementsry informstion necesssry to 
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demonstrate complisnce with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in 
accordance with psrsgraph 4 below. 
3. Esch Psrty included in Annex I shsll submit the inform&tion required under 
psragraph 1 sbove 3nnuslly, beginning with the first inventory due under the Convention for the 
first year of the commitment period sfter this Protocol hss entered into force for it. Esch such 
Psrty shall submit the informstion required under psragrsph 2 sbove ss psrt of the first nstionsl 
communication due under the Convention sfter this Protocol has entered into force for it and 
after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in psragrsph 4 below. The frequency of 
subsequent submission of informstion required under this Article shsll be determined by the 
Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Parties to tius Protocol, taking into 
account any timetable for the submission of nstionsl communicstions decided upon by the 
Conference of the Psrties. 
4. The Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shall 
adopt at its first session, and review periodically theresfter, guidelines for the prepsrstion of the 
informstion required under this Article, tsking into sccount guidelines for the preparation of 
national communications by Psrties included in Annex I sdopted by the Conference of the Parties. 
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, 
prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned 
amounts. 
Article 8 
1. The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shsll be 
reviewed by expert review tesms pursusnt to the relevsnt decisions of the Conference of the 
Psrties 3nd in sccordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the 
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. The 
information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be 
reviewed as part of the snnual compilstion and accounting of emissions inventories snd sssigned 
smounts. Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party 
included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications. 
2. Expert review tesms shsll be coordinsted by the secretsrist snd shsll be composed of 
experts selected from those nominsted by Psrties to the Convention snd, ss sppropriste, by 
intergovernmentsl orgsnizstions, in sccordsnce with guidance provided for this purpose by the 
Conference of the Parties. 
3. The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical sssessment 
of all aspects of the implementstion by s Psrty of this Protocol. The expert review tesms shsll 
prepsre a report to the Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this 
Protocol, assessing the implementstion of the commitments of the Psrty and identifying any 
potential problems in, snd f&ctors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. Such reports shsll 
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PsgelO 
be circulsted by the secretsrist to sll Psrties to the Convention. The secretsri&t shsll list those 
questions of implementstion indicsted in such reports for further consideration by the 
Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol. 
4. The Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll 
sdopt at its first session, snd review periodicslTy theresfter, guidelines for the review of 
implementation by expert review tesms tsking into sccount the relevsnt decisions of the 
Conference of the Psrties. 
5. The Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll, 
with the sssistsnce of the Subsidisry Body for Implementstion snd, ss sppropriste, the 
Subsidisry Body for Scientific snd Technologicsl Advice, consider: 
(s) The informstion submitted by the Psrties under Article 7 snd the reports of the 
expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; snd 
* 
(b) Those questions of implementstion listed by the secretariat under 
paragraph 3 sbove, ss well ss sny questions rsised by Psrties. 
6. Pursusnt to its consideration of the informstion refened to in psrsgraph 5 sbove, the 
Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll tske 
decisions on sny mstter required for the implementstion of this Protocol. 
Article 9 
1. The Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll 
periodicslly review this Protocol in the light of the best svailable scientific information snd 
assessments on climste chsnge snd its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic 
information. Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in 
particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2(a), of the 
Convention. Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the 
Parties to this Protocol shsll take appropriate action. 
2. The first review shall tske place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties 
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Further reviews shall take plsce st regulsr 
intervsls snd in 3 timely msnner. 
Article 10 
All Psrties, tsking into sccount their common but differentisted responsibilities snd 
their specific n&tionsl snd regionsl development priorities, objectives snd circumstsnces, without 
introducing sny new commitments for Psrties not included in Annex I, but resffirming existing 
commitments in Article 4, psragraph 1, of the Convention, snd continuing to sdvsnce the 
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implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustsinsble development, tsking into 
account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 snd 7, of the Convention, shsll: 
(a) Formulste, where relevsnt snd to the extent possible, cost-effective nstionsl, 
and where appropriate regional programmes to improve the quslity of locsl emission factors, 
activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of esch Psrty for the 
preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources 
and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using 
comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Psrties, snd consistent 
with the guidelines for national communications sdopted by the Conference of the Psrties; 
(b) Formulste, implement, publish snd regulsrly updste'national and, where 
appropriate, regional programmes containing messures to mitigste climate change snd measures 
to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: 
(i) Such programmes would, inter alia, concern the energy, transport snd 
industry sectors ss well ss sgriculture, forestry snd waste management. 
Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial 
planning would improve sdspt3tion to climste change; and 
(ii) Parties included in Annex I shsll submit informstion on sction under this 
Protocol, including national programmes, sccording to the guidelines lsid 
down in Article 8; snd other Psrties shsll seek to include in their nstionsl 
communicstions, ss sppropri3te, informstion oh progrsmmes which 
contsin messures that the Party believes contribute to sddressing climate 
change and its sdverse impscts, including the abatement of increase in 
greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, 
capacity building and adaptation measures. 
(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, 
applicstion snd diffusion of, snd tske all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as 
appropriate, the transfer of, or 3ccess to, environmentslly sound technologies, know-how, 
practices snd processes pertinent to climste chsnge, in particular to developing countries, 
including the formulstion of policies snd programmes for the effective transfer of 
environmentally sound technologies thst sre pubUcly owned or in the public domsin snd the 
crestion of sn ensbling environment for the privste sector, to promote snd enhance access to, and 
transfer of, environmentally sound technologies; 
(d) Cooperate in scientific snd technicsl resesrch snd promote the msintensnce snd 
the development of systemstic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce 
uncertainties related to the climste system, the sdverse impscts of climste chsnge snd the 
economic snd socisl consequenoes of vsrious response strstegies, snd promote the development 
and strengthening of endogenous capscities snd capabilities to participate in internstional and 
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Psge 12 
intergovernmentsl efforts, programmes snd networks on resesrch snd systemstic observstion, 
tsking into account Article 5 of the Convention; 
(e) Cooperate in 3nd promote st the internstionsl level, snd, where sppropriste, 
using existing bodies, the development snd implementstion of educstion snd training 
programmes, including the strengthening of nationsl cspscity building, in psrticulsr humsn snd 
institutional capacities and the exchsnge or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, 
in psrticulsr for developing countries, snd facilitate st the nstionsl level public swsreness snd 
public access to informstion on climste change. Suitsble modslities should be developed to 
implement these activities through the relevsnt bodies of the Convention tsking into sccount 
Article 6 of the Convention; 
(f) Include in their nstionsl communicstions informstion on programmes snd 
sctivities undertaken pursusnt to this Article in sccordsnce with relevsnt decisions of the 
Conference of the Psrties; snd 
(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments in this Article, to 
Article 4, psrsgraph 8, of the Convention. 
Article 11 
1. In the implementstion of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of 
Article 4, parsgraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 snd 9 of the Convention. 
2. In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in 
accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and 
through the operating entity or entities of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the 
developed country Parties snd other developed Psrties included in Annex II to the Convention 
shsll: 
(s) Provide new snd sdditionsl financial resources to meet the agreed full costs 
incurred by developing country Psrties in advancing the implementation of existing 
commitments under Article 4, paragraph l(s), of the Convention that are covered in 
Article 10, subpsragraph (s); snd 
(b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, 
needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing 
the implementation of existing commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are 
covered by Article 10 and thst sre sgreed between s developing country Psrty snd the 
internstionsl entity or entities refened to in Article 11 of the Convention, in sccordsnce with thst 
Article. 
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The implementstion of these existing commitments shsll take into sccount the need for sdequscy 
snd predictsbihty in the flow of funds snd the importance of sppropriste burden shsring smong 
developed country Psrties. The guidsnce to the financial mechanism of the Convention in 
relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the sdoption of 
this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph. 
3. The developed country Psrties snd other developed Psrties in Annex II to the 
Convention msy slso provide, snd developing country Psrties svsil themselves of, finsncisl 
resources for the implementstion bf Article 10, through bilsteral, regionsl snd other multilsteral 
channels. 
Article 12 
1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined. 
2. The purpose. of the elean development mechanism shall be to sssist Psrties not included 
in Annex I in schieving sustsinsble development snd in contributing to the ultimste objective of 
the Convention, snd to sssist Psrties included in Annex I in schieving comphance with their 
quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3. 
3. Under the eiean development mechanism: 
(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in 
certified emission reductions; snd 
(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing 
from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission 
limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the 
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 
4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority snd guidance of the 
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised 
by an executive board of the clesn development mechsnism. 
5. Emission reductions resulting from esch project sctivity shall be certified by operational 
entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to 
this Protocol, on the bssis of: 
(a) Voluntary psrticipstion approved by each Psrty involved; 
(b) Resl, messursble, snd long-term benefits relsted to the mitigstion of ciimate 
change; and 
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(c) Reductions-in emissions thst sre sdditionsl to sny thst would occur in the sbsence 
of the oertified project sctivity. 
6. The clesn development mechsnism shsll sssist in srranging funding of certified project 
activities as necessary. 
7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, 
at its first session, elsborate modalities snd procedures with the objective of ensuring 
trsnspsrency, efficiency snd sccountsbility through independent suditing snd verificstion of 
project sctivities. 
8. The Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll 
ensure thst s shsre of the proceeds from certified project sctivities is used to cover sdrninistrstive 
expenses ss well ss to assist developing country Psrties thst are psrticutarly vulnerable to the 
sdverse effects of climste chsnge to meet the costs of sdsptation. 
9. Psrticipstion under the clesn development mechsnism, including in sctivities mentioned 
in paragraph 3(a) above srid scquisition of certified emission reductions, msy involve privste 
snd/or public entities, snd is to be subject to whstever guidsnce msy be provided by the 
executive bosrd of the clesn development mechanism. 
10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the 
beginning of the first commitment period csn be used to sssist in schieving complisnce in the 
first commitment period. 
Article 13 
1. The Conference of the Psrties, the supreme body of the Convention, shsll serve ss the 
meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol. 
2. Psrties to the Convention thst are not Parties to this Protocol may psrticipste ss 
observers in the proceedings of sny session of the Conference of the Psrties serving ss the 
meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Psrties serves ss the meeting 
of the Psrties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shsll be tsken only by those thst sre 
Psrties to it. 
3. When the Conference of the Psrties serves ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol, 
sny member of the Buresu of the Conference of the Psrties representing s Psrty to the 
Cpnvention but, st thst time, not s Psrty to this Protocol, shsll be substituted by sn 3dditionsl 
member to be elected by snd from smongst the Psrties to this Protocol. 
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4. The Conference ofthe Psrties serving ss the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol shsll 
keep under regulsr review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its 
mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementstion. It shsll perform the 
functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall: 
(a) Assess, on the basis of all information msde svsilsble to it in sccordsnce with 
the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Psrties, the overall 
effects ofthe measures taken pursu3nt to this Protocol, in psrticulsr environmentsl, economic 
and socisl effects ss well as their cumul3tive impacts and the extent to which progress towards 
the objective ofthe Convention is being achieved; 
(b) Periodicslly exsmine the obligstions ofthe Psrties under this Protocol, giving due 
consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, psragrsph 2(d), snd Article 7, psragrsph 2, of 
the Convention, in the light ofthe objective ofthe Convention, the experience gsined in its 
implementstion snd the evolution of scientific snd technologicsl knowledge, and in this respect 
consider snd sdopt regulsr-ceports on the implementstion of this Protocol; 
(c) Promote snd fscilitste the exchsnge of informstion on messures sdopted by the 
Psrties to sddress climste chsnge 3nd its effects, tsking into sccount the differing circumstsnces, 
responsibilities snd cspsbilities ofthe Psrties snd their respective commitments under this 
Protocol; 
(d) Fscilitste, st the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of messures 
sdopted by them to sddress climste chsnge snd its effects, tsking into sccount the differing 
circumstsnces, responsibilities snd cspsbilities ofthe Psrties snd their respective commitments 
under this Protocol; 
(e) Promote snd guide, in sccord3nce with the objective ofthe Convention and the 
provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into sccount the relevsnt decisions by the 
Conference of the Psrties, the development snd periodic refinement of comparable 
methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the 
Conference ofthe Parties serving as the meeting ofthe Parties to this Protocol; 
(f) Make recommendstions on sny m3tters necesssry for the implementstion of this 
Protocol; 
(g) Seek to mobilize sdditionsl financial resources in sccordsnce with 
Article 11, psragraph 2; 
(h) Estsblish such subsidisry bodies ss sre deemed necesssry for the implementstion 
of this Protocol; 
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(i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and 
information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and 
non-governmental bodies; and 
(j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this 
Protocol, and consider any assignment resulting from a decision by the Conference of the Parties. 
5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures of the 
Convention shall be appUed mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise 
decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to 
this Protocol. 
6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to 
this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the 
Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. 
Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the 
Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year snd in conjunction with ordinsry sessions of the 
Conference of the Psrties unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Psrties serving ss 
the meeting of the Psrties to this Protocol. 
7. Extrsordinsry sessions of the Conference of the Psrties serving ss the meeting of the 
Psrties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the 
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written 
request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the 
Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. 
8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy 
Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, 
may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the 
Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, 
governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and 
which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of 
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so 
admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation 
of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as refened to in paragraph 5 above. 
Article 14 
1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of 
this Protocol. 
2, Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and 
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Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on anangements made for the functioning of the 
secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, 
exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol. 
Article 15 
1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body 
for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as, 
respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary 
Body for Implementation of this Protocoi. The provisions relating to the functioning of these 
two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the 
meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Xdvice and the Subsidiary 
Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, 
respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary 
Body for Implementation of the Convention. 
2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers 
in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as 
the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by the 
Parties to this Protocol. 
3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise 
their functions with regard to matters conceming this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of 
those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to 
this Protocol, shall be substituted by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the 
Parties to this Protocol. 
Article 16 
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, 
as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the 
multilateral consultative process refened to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any 
relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral 
consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to the 
procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 17. 
Article 16 bis 
The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and 
guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The 
Parties.included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling 
their cornmitments under Article 3 of this Protocol. Any such trading shall be supplemental to 
domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction 
commitments under that Article. 
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Article 17 
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, 
at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to deterrnine 
and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through 
the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree 
and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing 
binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol. 
Article 18 
The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlemerit of disputes shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. 
Article 19 
1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol. 
2. Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of 
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed 
amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six 
months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also 
communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the 
Convention and, for information, to the Depositary. 
3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to 
this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement 
reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the 
Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by 
the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance. 
4. Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the 
Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force 
for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the 
Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol. 
5. The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the 
date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said 
amendment. 
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Article 20 
1. Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise 
expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any 
annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be 
restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, 
technical, procedural or administrative character. 
2. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose 
amendments to annexes to this Protocol. 
—.-.=fc. 
3. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at 
an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this 
Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to 
the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for 
adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment 
to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the 
Depositary. 
4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or 
amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no 
agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a 
three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex 
or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall 
circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance. 
5. An annex, other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted or amended in accordance 
with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months 
after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption or 
amendment of the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary in writing 
within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex 
or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of 
non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has 
been received by the Depositary. 
6. If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this 
Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the 
amendment to this Protocol enters into force. 
7. Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in 
accordance with the procedure set but in Article 19, provided that any amendments to Annex B 
shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned. 
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Article 21 
1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below. 
2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall 
exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States 
which are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any 
of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa. 
Article 22 
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol. 
Article 23 
1. This Protocol shall «be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or 
approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the 
Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 
16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day after 
the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or 
accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. 
2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol 
without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this 
Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to 
this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective 
responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the 
organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol 
concurrently. 
3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic 
integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters 
governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in 
turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence. 
Article 24 
1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less 
than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in 
total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included 
in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 
zz 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add. 1 
English 
Page21 
2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the 
Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption 
of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications 
submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. 
3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or 
approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for 
the entry into force have been tiilfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day 
following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 
4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional-ceonomic 
integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those'deposited by States members 
of the organization. 
Article 25 
No reservations may be made to this Protocol. 
Article 26 
1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force 
for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the 
Depositary. 
2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by 
the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the 
notification of withdrawal. 
3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having 
withdrawn from this Protocol. 
Article 27 
The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and 
Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the 
United Nations. 
Done at Kyoto this tenth day of December one thousand nine hundred and 
ninety-seven. 
1 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add. 1 
English 
Page 22 
Annex A 
Greenhouse gases 
Carbon dioxide (COj) 
Methane (CH4) 
Nitrous oxide (N20) 
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 
Sectors/source categories 
Energy 
Fuel combustion 
Energy industries 
Manufacturing industries and construction 
Transport 
Other sectors 
Other 
Fugitive emissions from fuels 
Solid fuels 
Oil and natural gas 
Other 
Industrial processes 
Mineral products 
Chemical industry 
Metal production 
Other production 
Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride 
Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride 
Other 
Solvent and other product use. 
2 r 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
English 
Page 23 
Agriculture 
Enteric fermentation 
Manure management 
Rice cultivation 
Agricultural soils 
Prescribedburningof savannas . 
Field burning of agricultural residues 
Other 
Waste 
Solid waste disposal on land 
Wastewater handling 
Waste incineration 
Other 
ZQ 
FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l 
English 
Page 24 -
Annex B 
Partv Ouantified emission limitation or 
reduction commitment 
(percentage of base year or period) 
Australia 108 
Austria 92 
Belgium 92 
Bulgaria* 92 
Canada 94 
Croatia* . 95 
CzechRepubHc* 92 ^ 
Denmark 92 
Estonia* 92 
European Community 92 
Finland 92 
France * 92 
Germany 92 
Greece 92 
Hungary* 94 
Iceland 110 
Ireland 92 
Italy 92 
Japan 94 
Latvia* 92 
Liechtenstein 92 
Lithuania* 92 
Luxembourg 92 
Monaco 92 
Netherlands 92 
NewZealand 100 
Norway 101 
Poland* 94 
Portugal 92 
Romania* 92 
Russian Federation* 100 
Slovakia* 92 
Slovenia* 92 
Spain 92 
Sweden 92 
Switzerland 92 
Ukraine* 100 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northem Ireland 92 
United States of America 93 
* Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. 
11 
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