EIIITPOIDI TON EYPnn:AlKQN KOINOTHTON 
DPAJ:INO BIBAIO KOM(91) 476 T£~lk6 
Bpu~tllet, 11 louv(ou 1992 
DETIIA llE THI MAD'IYSH nu: ENIAIAI ArOPAJ: 
TON YDHPEEION ?AXY6POllEIOY 

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DEPIAHB 
1. Eit&rore 
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anoteAtoel 1qv tvap(q 1oc: ou~~tqoqc: y6p1 an6 1ov 1axu6pOJ.llK6 KA46o 1qc: Kotv61qtac:. fta To 
aKon6 aut6 txet 1ouc: e(~C: a16xouc: 
-va npoottpel 6le(o6tK~ av4Auoq 1qc: 1ptxouoac: Kat4otaoqc:· 
-va 1~116ael nolo( nptntt va eLvat ot OT6xot TQC: Kotv6Tqtac: yla TOY toµta TIV 1axu6poµel1v 
tqc: KGl Kata n6oov anatteltal 6p4oq oe KOlVOttK6 enlne6o yla 1qv enl1eu~~ Touc:· 
-KG l <eh npoK6tu h l anal H (ta l av6Aqtq 6pdoqc:) va e(n6ou nAc: µnopo6v va en l nuxfoh 
ot 016xol autol Kat va npotelvel 6t6ypaµµa npo16011v. 
Kata tq 6lGPKllCI 1qc: KOtdptlOOC: TOU Dp6otvou BtBAlou npaypatonot~fqKQV IKTl1QJ,ltvec: 
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onol1v q Enttpon~ ta ~01~oel ttC: yv6µec: 6Atv 11v ev6tafepoµtp1v µep•v -ouµneptAap8avoµtv1v 
nnpoohlV an6 1l( KUhpv~ouc: 'rlY Kpath µdh' XPQOth ( an~tJ,lOVIJ!hOU( KatavaAntc: he: 
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anotdeopatt d. ea evfappuvfe l en looc: q Aentopep~c: tUtaoq uv 6uvhtt o t Kovoµ uch u l 
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O KOlVOttK6C: toptac: t1v 1axu6pope(1v utlotaTat 1qv 4oKqoq noAA6v 6uv611e1v. Ot 1exvoAoytKtc: 
pe1a80Atc: ae 6AAouc: topelc: eixav •c: anottAeoµa tqv npottqoq tou tµµeoou av1ay1vtoµo6 µe tlC: 
1axu6pop l de: unqpeo l ec:. Ito eonep l d tou KA66ou un~p~e oup6 nep t nttouv av1ay1v lOpo6. 
nAtov oqµavttc~ elvat q e(tAl(IJ 11v avayK6v ttv neAat6v, nltav6tata µ£ 1ax61epouc: putpo6( 
an'6,Tl ICOT6 TO napeU6v. H av6Aqtq 6p6oqc: h1peltal £DOJ.lh•c: enttOICtllC6 KOt~KOV. Eh 6n 
avaAqfh l 6p6oq ta yeyov6ta ta µna8Uouv oqµavtt K4 10 ton lo, ev6 ta KataoTd 6 tapdc: 
6uoxeptonpo yta Tr)V Kotv6tqta va 6ta6paµatlO£l nA~PIC: TOY p6Ao Tr)C: OTQY 6taµ6pftOQ ev6c: 
1600 oqpavtlK06 KA66ou YlO Tr)V KOlVOTlK~ epnoptK~ KQl KOlYIVlK~ ~I~. 
ttqv ouvtxela tr)( nepl66ou 6ta8ouAe6oe1v, q Enttpon~ ta Katoplotl ttC: an6ttlC: tQC: oxeTtK6 pe 
10 Tl el 6ouc: npo14ouc: nptne t va yl vouv ev6h t av an6tnv Kat 1qc: nAqpof6pqoqc: nou UaBe 
ut6 TQ 6t6pu la ttv 6 laS ouh6ouv. Eh KP t tel oK6n q.10, ta npoup~ou 01qv Kat6pu oq 
oxe6ltv o6qyth. Toho oqµalvu 6tt un6pxu u6µa noA6 Aentoµeptc: tpyo nou nptntt va 
avaAqffel. To Dp6otvo BtSAlo 6ev ent6t6Ktl au16 to enlne6o Aentoµtpeta(, aAA6, 6n1( apµ6~et 
oe tva tyypafo ou~~tqoq~, npayµa1onotel npot4oet~ oe yevtK6tepo enlne6o. 
Kat6 1ov rafop t op6 TfJ( 6p6ort«: nou nptntt va avaArtth l, r6p ta ufo61JY1Jtt K~ apx~ nptnu va 
£lvat q ouvt~pqoq rat, raT6 nepln11oq, q av4ntu~q ~la~ KafoAtK~( 1axu6pOJJlK~( unqpeola~, q 
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onola ta naptxet eyrataotdott<; neptouAAoy~c; rat 6tavoµ~<; oe 6Aq tqv trtaoq tQ<; Kotv6tqta<;, 
oe ttµtc; npoottt<; oe 6Aouc; Kat pe tKavonotQttr~ not6tqta t~unqpttqoqc;. Itq ouvtxeta, ll£ tqv 
npoun6teoq e~aot6A t oq<; tQ<; uf .>oA t K~<; unqpeo lac;, fa undp~e L o £ uph £PO 6uvat~ deutep la 
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2. 0 TOIEAI IOI IAXYAPOREIOI ITRI lOllOIHTA 
To noeoot6 ouµpetOX~<; TOU topta tlV taxu6poµel1v TQ<; KOLY6tqta<; OTO AEn ~TQY, TO 1989, 1,Jl, 
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unqpeot6v, elvat neplnou 59 6lO£Katoµp6pta ECU. 
Ot taxu6poµtKt<; unqpeolec; naptxovtat Kat otov npootateu6µevo toµta <ypdµpata> 
KGl otov Pt'J npootaau6µe.vo 10µh c 6tpata u t unqpeo l £<; Kaanu y6vuv >. Kat 
au tp ta npoi6vu napouo t d~ovu t au~q'tl de; t6ou <; < pe TG(6 3l he; 1 n oe 
n~cHa Uon >. 
O A6yo<; tou 161Aou apyaottv peta~6 unqpeottv nou naptxovtat an6 Taxu6popt1Ct<; 
Ynqpeole( KOL au16v nou naptxovtat an6 t6t1tt106c; fopelc; £KP£t6AAeuoqc; elvat 
neplnou.61:41. To µapl6to tiv Taxu6poptKtv Ynopeotiv oto AED tlvat neplnou 
loo pe aut6 tn taxu6po1.1tdv Ynqpeoth 11v Hnµhn DoAt teth• to 1u:pl6to, 
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1axu6poµelou. Ta 660 tdeutala anouAo6v to 8, 7l tou AEn trJ<; Kotv6touc;. 
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tva noooot6 en'auto6 I( Ktp6o<;· 101600, noAA6 tvtuna elval oqµavttr6 ~fJIJlOy6va. 
3. flATI ARAITEITAI AIARI:H THI tOIIOTHTAI ; 
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npo8An1.16t1v nou oxet(~ovtat µe tqv not6tqta elvat utlotQ<; onµaolac;. 
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3.1 H napo6oa tAAett~ avap~6vtoq( 
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tvtonl~ovtat, ndvti(, oe K6fe enlneoo. re AtnT01Jepto1epo, A6you x6pn, tnlne6o, 
ll121Autn _________________________________________________________________________________ ~lAll1_l 
l.2 Enl1t6oe~tq( evlala( ayop4( 
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Taxu6po11t16v Ynqpeottv. Yn6pxouv opto11tva 1p6111 11tA11, 6nou 11 6tavo11~ 111v en611ev11 qµtpa 
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11nphu npoc: to nap6v oe 11too 6po 116Atc: y6p1 010 4U, Kat 11e 11ey6Aec; napeullouc; 
11e1a~6 6tat6p1v Taxu6po11t«6v Ynqpeot6v. 
Ot napeKKAlottC: cu1tc; txouv t6tal1eptc: entn16oetc; yta ta 11tpq ecelva 1qc; e11nopt1~c; 1at 
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taxu6poµelou Kat tqc; 6tat~IJlOllC:· fta 1ouc; KA46ouc; au106c; ot 6taKu116voetc; 0111v enl6ooq 
t1v utoAtdv unqpeoth 1JROpo6v va o6qy~oouv oe . 01p£8Uouc; tl)c; ayop6c;. ea ~tav, 
napa6tly11a1oc; xdpq, noA~ euroA61ep11 q ntAqoq aotaAtottKAv unqpeot6v oe tva 1Jt11ov111tvo 
votKoKupt6 ev6c; 1p61ouc; tJtAouc; 6nou 11 enl6ooq avtpxe1at oe 91i, nap6 oe tva 4AAo Kp61oc; 
11Hoc; 6nou elvat 16t. ea ~1av 6uo10A6apo yta 11ta natpela va ftou ta npoi6na 1qc; 
01qv ayop6 6 td tou taxu6po11tlou oe 4Uo Kphoc; tJUoc;, an6 6, tt y ta µla ncupt la nou 
txet 1nv t6pa 111c: 010 Kp61oc; 11tAoc; au16. 
An el vat, ~6you dpq, nxalo 10 yeyov6c; 6tt ha 1phoc; 11Uoc; 11e KGK~c; nothq1ac; 
unqptolec; 6tattttl 1A660 n1A~oe1v 6t6 tou 1axu6poµelou nou ntptopl~etat 010 tva nt11n10 
tOU 11eyttouc; tOU avtlotOlXOU KA66ou 6AA1v 1pa16v 11eA6v 11£ OUYKP(OllJO OlKOVOIJll6 
11tyetoc;. ·ro yeyov6c; au16 tlytt 1tc; npoon1t1tc; t1v etatpettv n1A~oe1v 6ta 1ou 
1axu6po11elou. Ka16 ouvtntta ntptopl~tl enlo11c: 1tc; tntAoytc; tou 11e11ov111tvou 1a1avaA~t~. 
'Ooot ~ouv oe ntptoxtc; nou 8plo1ov1at ae 11etove11t1~ ttoq A6y1 KGK~c; not61111ac; 
1axu6poµtK6v unqpeot6v -Kat np6rettat yta pey6Ao aptfp6 -elvat eno11tv1c; ano11ov111tvot 
6xl p6vo an6 'fl c; npoo1n ut< enattc: nou 11nopo6v va en t teuxtoh 11ta1 tou 1axu6poµe lou, 
aAA4 enlo11c 1al an6 ttc; unqpeole< nou 11nopo6v va napaoxeto6v 1axu6po11t16c. 
Auto6 tou el6ouc; ot ano6topyavtaerc; TfJC svtalac; ayop4c; 6ev enqpe4~ouv µ6vo tovc 
anootoAe le;, aUd ica t touc; napaMnttc tou 1axu6po11e l ou. Eh tupqft l 6n 11 la op lOl1hf) 
neptox~ TfJ< Kotv6'tqtac 6tathu ava~t6nto111 utoAu~ unqpeola, ot natpelec; <6n1c; q 
n•Aqoq 11e TO 1axu6po11elo> ta ev6latepfo6v Aty61epo va enlxetp~oouv va ftoouv ta 
npo i:6vta TOU< OTfJV ayop4 auT~. O l utavaAntc; < •<: 6uvdllu napaMnac; > ta e lxav •c 
ano1tAeopa neptoptoptvq tntAoy~. 
l.3 Enl6oo~ 6taouvopta16v un~peat6v 
Oc npoc; tov aptf1J6 av anat 1ou11h1v qµeph an6 tqv neptouUoy~ he; 1qv 6Lavo11~, ha 
av'tLKtli.tevo eyx6ptou 1axu6po11elou XPtld{etaL Ka16 11too 6po 1,5 tic; 2,1 epy6otpec; 
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Kat4 11too 6po 4 f)IJtpec;. K tKp6 i.ttpoc; tl)C: 6 L atoP6< e~qye l 1a t an6 ht toupyt de; 6 tatoptc:. 
To 11eyaA61epo 6111c; i.ttpoc 1fJC: 6lafop6c 6ev 11nopel va e~qyqtel 11e aut6 1ov 1p6no. To 
noLO'tlK6 au16 x6011a 6f)i.ttoupyel otnv npd~n tva nouvoptaK6 anottAeoµa•. E1tpa~611evf) ot 
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Blo1 an6 aut~ TfJ ptoo ~llJ~ BploKovtaL OfJl1GYTlKt< 6ta1u114voetc;. 
To enlne6o aut6 e~unoptTnooc unoAelnetat ntfav•c TIV npoo~ort6v ttv xpqot6v. Bp6y11a1t, 
nptnet va ava,epfd 6t t o l npoo6od ec t£ l vouv va 11eyaAhouv 010 8at116 a6~qoqc: TfJC 
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npo0Aa118hna t 1c en t 6c t vo6pevF). npdyµaTl, ta l vnat 6TL houv napau vote l op to11htc; 
BeATttoelC t6taLttp1c µe Tf)V £lO«Y•Y~ TOU QV1Gf1Vl01J06 CnapaSt6{ov1ac ev ptpet 
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3.4 At01Alouc; 
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onolo µnopo6v va 1otvonotqfo6v µqv6µa1a ical va 6taveµqto6v epnope6µata. 'Ootc: 
neptftpuec: houv ava~l60loac: uxu6po11utc: unqpeolec: ta 8peto6v enoµh1c: oe 
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au1tc: ta atotavto6v ano1opptvol. 
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unqpeolac: elYat neptoo61epo a~t6ntotq. 
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otpaU6ouc: TQC: ayop6c; otoY l6to TOY Taxu6po1Ju6 KA66o. Ot otpeUtouc: ante: 
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11e16teoq an6 opto1Jtva rp61q ptAq TQC: 6tat~IJlOfl( 6t6 tou Taxu6popelou otoY 11n 
npoo1a1eu6~evo toµta. 
l1tilmtm _________________________________________________________________________________ ~lAll1_l 
4. ETOIOI IOY IPAIIIOY BIBAIOY 
Io Rp6alvo Bl8llo txtl tnoptv1( 660 16ptou( ot6xou(. 
va nap6oxtl tKteoq oxettK6 pe tqv un6pxouoa Kat6otaoq, 6nou ta ev1onl~ovtal ~6q 
Uttat6pna npoll~pata nt npod~oe l( ut6( Kell aut6 nou avaphna t va npodtouv 010 
11UAov· 
va e~n6ou utavt<; A6ou<; ut anavt~ou<; ut va uUou hnto11epel<; entloyt<; yta to 
11tAAov, ev6 ot teltKt<; npot6oat<; fa eyKptfo6v tnetta an6 tqv 6ta6tKaola 6la8ouA16oe1v 
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xapaKTQplOTlK6 TQ( KOtOAlK~( Taxu6pOIJlK~( unqpeola(. To ne6lo £fapµoy~c TIV npoOTllT£U01JtVIV 
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utoALK~( unopeola(, nphtt va elvat euth( av4Aoyo npo( TO oT6xo. o oT6XO( yta napox~ 
KatoAtK~~ unqpula( np6utTOl hot va 6taotaAlottl, Kill ta utloTatlll I) IJhtoTI) 6uvaT~ 
eleutep{a t:Dl~OY~( YlO TOU( 6uv4µel XP~OT£C. 
Tiphet va oqµu1hl 6TL houv napaAf)thl optoµha npha ox6Ata n6v1 oe np6otaTa oxt6ta av 
n l tavh en t Aoyh. Kp l vovTa\ an6 Ta ox6A ta auT4 6 tata l vetGL 6t l ta 1Jnopo6oe va un4p(u 
ouvalvton ott( yevtd( icateut6voet(. talvnat, nht1(, 6u un4pxouv optoµha oqµela nou 
npo(evo6v avqouxlec oe optoµtva ev6tafep6µeva µtpq. Ta oqµela auT6 napouot4~t:Tat va 
oxn l ~ovTat µe tf)V avhKrt Kat l tp1ortc nep t 661v npooapµoy~( uU( Kill µe op toµhe( npoT4ou ( 
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6ta8ouAe6oe1v nou ta OICOAout~O&l Tf)V 6f)IJOO(&UOf) ~OU Dp60lVOU BtSAlou ta 1JOOpo6oe Vil 
t:DlKtVTPlt&( OTO Of)IJt{a autd. Dptn&l, IOT6oo, va £~£taote( f) lOOppon{a oA6KAf)pf)( Tf)( 6toµf)( 
ttv nttav6v entAoy6v aKo).ou~nTta~ noltTlK~(. 
Rptnet va unoypaµµtotel 6tt q eup6ttpf) aut~ entloy~ nepaLTtp1 avoly11aTOC t~c ayop6c 
ouv6uao11hq µe ev l oxuof) Tr)\ Katol t K~( unqpeo la( ta pnopo6oe va £tllPIJOOtt l µe 6 t hopouc 
Tp6nouc. o l K6p u:c anoµhouoec en l Aoyt( en t 6 thna l va npayµnono l f)fo6v un6 To t•( Tf)C 
ou~~tf)Of)\ nou ta aKoAout~ot:t Tf)V 6qµooleuoq tou Dpdotvou BtBAlou. ea anattf)fo6v optoµtvt:\ 
Aentoµeptottpt:( epyaolt( nptv an6 1qv ulonolqof). Rey4Ao µtpoc Ttv epyaot6v aut6v ta 
oupnt:ptAUet OU~f)T~O£l\ µe oµ46£( XPJ)Oth 6ott VQ £VTODlOT06v I.It µeyaA6tepf) Aentoµtpe lQ Ol 
anatT~oel( Tove, t6tatttpec oe oxtoq µe To no6 ev6exoµtv1( t:nttu1106v 11eyaA6tepo eAeutepla 
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e{val anapaltrJTrJ nepat1tp1 avUuon nptv ylvet 6uvat6( o u•opto116c av opl1v 86pouc Kill 
Tl 11h Ylll tov npooTattu6i.revo Toµta. Dptnet va ou11tnqto6v 6p la Kii l Kath A ta unnpeo l h Yl a 
TJJV napox~ KafoAlK~( unf)peolac. Atnto11epto1ep&\ epyaole\ anatto6vTal enlortc yta TJJV etap11oy~ 
ti)\ apx~~ 61t ta tt110A6yta nptnet va ouv6tov1at pe tt\ µtoe~ 6an6vec. 
nha\, nap6 TO yeyov6( 6T t 6ev txouv avaArtth l u611rt o t ev A6Yt AenToµeptoupec epyao l £\, 
napouo t 4~na l ri 6to11rt n t ~avh .:n l Aoyh uolouff)Ttac nol t T LK~( 11e tf)V eµn l oToo6vq 6TL rt 
npou t v6pevo KO t v~ 6011~, ouv6fovta\ Tf)V £ Aeuftp1oq 1.1e tnv evap116v l on, ta 6 taotalloet tov 
napox~ ratoAtK~C unrtpeolac Kat ta npoottpet 1riv 8tAtlOTf) eleutep{a entAoy•v. 
O nlvara\ tn\ en611evq\ oeAl6ac neptAaµSdvet Tou( K~PtOU\ 016xouc yta tov T01Jta twv 
taxu6poµel1v tnc Kolv6tntac : 
Rt~lAntn ___________ ~---------------------------------------------------------------~lAi~l-11 
1. AIAitAAIIH THI DAPOXHI KA90AIKHI TAXYAPOMIKHI YRHPEIIAI, IE OAH THN KOINOTHTA, IE 
TIMEI DPOIITEI fIA OAOYI, MEIO THI 9EIRIIHI (ITO BA9MO ROY ARAITEITAI IE KA8E 
ERIMEPOYI KPATOI H£AOI > IE I PAI DPOITATEYOMENON YRHPEIION, DOY 9A DAPEXOYN OPIIMENA 
EIAIKA KAI ADOKAEIITIKA 6IKAIOMATA fIA TH AIATHPHIH TON ARAPAITHTON DOPON fIA TH 
AEITOYPfIA THI AHMOIIAI YDHPEIIAI IE KAAEI IYN9HKEI" TAYTOXPONA, AEITOYPfIA TOY 
EYPYTEPOY AYNATOY TMHMATOI TOY TOMEA YOO KA9EITOI EAEY9EPOY ANTAfONIIMOY, fEfONOI ROY 
IYHBAAIZEI ME TON ANOTEPO ITOXO. 
2. KOIHEI YilOXPEOIEII TON KOINOTIKON tOPEON EKMETAAAEYIHI THI KA90AIKHI YilHPEIIAI, 
ANAtOPIKA ME TA IlAPAXOPHMENA I' AYTOYI ARO TII RPOITATEYOMENEI YRHPEIIEI EIAIKA KAI 
ADOKAEIITIKA AIKAIOMATA, IAIAITEPOI or DPOI THN noIOTHTA TON RAPEXOMENON YRHPEIION. 
3. KATABOAH TON ARAPAITHTON IlPOIITA9EION DPOI THN KATEY9YNIH KOINOTIKHI IYNOXHI. MEIO 
KATAAAHAON METPON ENAPMONIIHI. 
Autol Ol K6PlOl ot6xol aKoAoufnttac: noAttlK~<: npayµate6ovtal, enoµtv1c:, yevlKd pufµlOtlKd 
~nt~µata, tl <: unoxpdoe l <: av fophv napox~<: npootateu6µevn unnpeo l h Ka l, tp l tov, ta 
avttKelµeva evapµ6vton<: Kal ouvox~<:. An6 ta ftµata autd npoK6ntouv otn ouvtxeta Aentoµepel<: 
entAoytc: oe tpet<: Katnyople<;, n Kdfe µla £K t1v onol1v afopd tva BaolK6 ot6xo noAltlK~<: : 
fENIKA PY9MIITIKA 9EMATA 
Tµ~µa II YDOXPEOIEII TON tOPEON DAPOXHI KA90AIKHI YDHPEIIAI 
Tµ~µa I II : ENAPMONIIH KAI IYNOXH 
EKTtµhal 6Tl Ol £ntAoyt<; autt<; 1'a txouv 1'£TlK~ en(6paon OTOV TaXU6POIJlK6 KAd6o Tij\ 
Kol v6tnta<: -yta 6Aou<; TOU\ n£AdT£<;' IJ£YdAOU\ Kat µ l KPOO\' Kat yta 6Aou<; TOU\ fOpd<; 
£KIJ£TdAAeuon<:, 6nµ6otou<; Kat t6t1TtKOO\. Ev oAlyot\, 1'a 6nµtoupy~oouv µla 6uvaµtK~ evtala 
ayopa taxu6poµtK'v unnpeot&v. 
q~Al~~-lf~------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rl~lAntn 
IRHRA I fEIIlA PY8RIIIIlA 8ERAIA 
1. lA&IEPOIH IEIPAI YDHPEIIOI KA80AIKHI DAPOXHI 
H ouot•6oc Kotv1vtK~ analTFJOFJ oTo x•po T1v Taxu6poµtK•v unnpeot•v elvat FJ napox~ KafoAtK~C 
unnpeolac. H unopeola auT~, uplc Kavtva neptoptoµo oxettK6 µe ttC Tqitc, µnopel va 
napheta l otov anayn lOTl KO < IJFJ npooTat eu6pevo) 1oµta. OoT6oo, npou t ptvou o Tl IJ~ TrJC 
unijpeola' va elval npooLT~ yta 6Aouc, etvat anapaltntn n 6nap(F) enapK•v OlKovoµt•v KAlµaKoc. 
o l o L KOVOIJ l ec auTtc 1Jnopo6v va en t teuxto6v IJOVo pe TOY udpnoo op l 011hn et 6 t dv Kal 
anoKAtlOTlK•v 6tKat1p611v -e~ 06 Kat n av6yKo yta npoo1ateu6pevec unqpsolec. <Elvat 6uvat~, 
aAA6 6xt nttav~, o 6nap~q neptoo0Ttp1v tou ev6c fopt1v napox~c npooTaTeu6psv1v unqpeottv oe 
Ka~e Kp6Toc ptAoc· xaptv anA6tqioc, 6Aec ot npoiaoetc avattpovTat oe tva µ6vo topta napox~c 
npooTateu6pevn unnpeoth -nou unoTlft'tat 6tt elval ot Taxu6pOIJL1CO( opyavtOIJOl -oe dte 
t:phoc µHo~.> 
2. IYITA:H TOY OPIIMOY IOI lA90AIION lAI DPOIIATEYOKEIOI YDHPEIIOI 
Xpet6~£Tal Aentoµep~c epyao(a npoTo6 6otel, 0£ KOlVOTtK6 enlne6o, 0 OPlOIJ6C TOU £V6£XOIJtVOU 
ouv6Aou Ttv npooTaTeu6peviv unnpeot•v. I'6Aq TF)V napo6oa av6Auon, ot6xoc elvat n ava~~tnon 
TFJC Aty6repo neptoptottK~C A6ooc. Ot ouvt~K£C oe optoµtva KpdtF) µtAo ev6txetat va entTpttouv 
TFJV hap~o ev6c µup6Tepou ouv6Aou npooTateu6µenv unnpeo th oe ox ton 1J£ to o6voAo nou 
opl~tTat oe KotvoTtK6 enlne6o· 10T600 navTa nptnet va entTuyx6veTat o 016xoc TF)C e~aot6Atonc 
Ka~oAtK~\ unopeolac. Onoto6~noTe Kat av elvat TO anottAeoµa, ot optoµol nptnet va entTptnouv 
tov oat~ 6tax1ptoµ6 Tou npootateu6µevou Kat Tou IJrJ npooTaTeu6µevou T01Jta. 
3. AIAitAAIIH THI IYHATOTHIAI AAAOI AEIJIEYIEQN TOI lPATOI MEAOI ME TH IOR09EIIA lAI III 
DOAITllEI THI KOIIOTHTAI 
'Onttc Kat oe 6Uouc Toµel c, nptntt va Kata8Aqto6v npoonUtt ec npou t µtvou va µet 1to6v o l 
tv6ex6µeve<: tvT6oe t ~ IJttaH, atev6~, TFJC voµoteo la<: Kat av no At Tl dv TrJC Kol v6tF)Tac Kat, 
ateTtpou, TIV ev6exoi.itv1v unoxpdouv nou npoK6ntouv an6 dHt<: ouµSdoe u; ~ ouvt~K£C nou 
txouv unoypafel an6 ta KP4Tn µtAn. 
4. AlAXQPIIROI 1.01 PY811IITilON lAI EDIXEIPHIIAlON AEIIOYPfIOI 
f{Val OUOlOOTlKOC 0 6taXIPlOIJ6( TIV pufµtOTlK•v KQl TIV entXtlPOOlaKtv AtlToupyttv 
npoKttµtvou va 6taotaAloto6v ia ouµttpovTa TIV XPOOt'v µto1 TQ~ to6Tt1JF)~ µeTaxelptoF)~ 6A1v 
TIV foptiv er.µet6AA£UOF)~. ff ave~apTF)O(a TIV PUflJlOTlKtv AtlToupyttv fa 8tATLtO£l TLC 
npounoatoEl~ en(t£U(OC TO<: BtATLOTQC toopponlac IJ6Ta~6 TIY 6F)µoal1v Kal TIV l6LITLK6v fOpt1v 
EKµe16AAeuoo~, Kat µeTa~6 T1v topt1v napox~c npootaTeu6~ev1v Kat llrJ npootateu6pev1v 
unnpeotiv. 9o naparoAouteltaL o ano6oTtK6tF)Ta 11v npooTaTeu6µev1v unopeottv, oaov atop6 TO 
ouvex~ npootop4 eK µtpou~ tou fopta napox~c 1eaM~ not6tnta~ KafoALK~<: unnpeolac Kat 6oov 
a,opb Tqv t~pnoo 11v un0Aoln1v unoxpetoetv tou ol onolec avattpovtat Ott<: npoT4oet<: 5, 6 Kat 
8. Eav xpeiaotd, "a µeAHn"oh µtTpa nou nptnet va Aotto6v eh ot ent660tl<: unoA£lnonat 
'rfll'J unoxpdlouv. 
Rl~lAntn--------------------------------------------------------------------------------~lAl~l-1~ 
~~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TIBIA II YDOXPEOIEII IOI IOPEOI DAPOXHI lA80AllHI YDHPEIIAI 
5. lOllOI fIA OAOYI OPOI RPOIBAIHI IE lA80AilH YIHPEIIA 
H tahqu1 avH1a1hto11 nptnu va anou.lel 1ov uv6va 6aov atop6 1ouc: xp~ouc: <ndhec:> 
ufoA t K~C: un11peo lac:. I10 nAa lot o 1ou uv6va auto6, avaynp l ~na t 6H o t neUuc: houv 
not db~ ana t 1~auc: Kat 6H 11nopo6v va auvepyaa106v ae 6 tatopn lK6 Bat116 11e 1ouc: tOP£ le: 
napox~c: KafoAtK~C: unqpealac:. Au16 elvat ev 11tpet auv6p1qaq 1ou 11eyttouc:, aAA4 et6t161epa tl')C: 
6uva16101ac: npoe1ot11aalac: tou 1axu6po11elou 11e 1p6nouc: nou euvoo6v tqv 1axu6poptK~ Aettoupyla 
1ou topta napox~c: KatoAtK~C: unqpealac:, entTptnov16c: 1ou va npoottPtl eKnT•aetc:. 
6. H IIIOAOrHIH IHI lA80AllHI YDHPEIIAI DPEDEI IA BAIIZEIAI ITO REIO lOIIOI 
H icauuhn~p ta apx~ nptnu va el val 6tt Ta tt 110A6yu nptnu va Baal ~ona t a To 11tao K6aTOC:. 
H avven~c: tfappoy~ TfJ~ apx~~ aut~~ anoula ( tf)Y uA6ttplJ en611a11 6aov afop6 TIJ atat~ 
XPl111G100lKOYOIJlK~ tup101la TIV TGXU6P011lK•v unqptal•v. Ot 6ttnt60T~O£l( 11nopo6v va 
ent1ptnovTat oe opta11tvsc: ye1ypaft1tc: neptoxtc: •~Tt va ylvet 6uvaT~ 11 perequation tarifaire 
1at•c: Kat an6 tov 1111 npo0Ta1eu611evo atov npoo1a1ev611evo to11ta. Mnopo6v enloqc: va un6p~ouv 
66ttnt6ot~att~ an6 tov npoo1a1eu611evo 01ov 1111 npoa1a1eu611evo e4v rptto6v anapa(Tl')t£C: yta 1qv 
6laotd~ton napox~c: tl')C: KatoAtr~c: unqpeolac: ~ e6v elvat au11BaTtc: 11e touc: Kav6vec: tou 
avtay1vto1.106. 11£ HC: e~atptottC: aU'CtC:, npout11hou va 6taataAlottl 11 to6HIJ11 avtt1.1nhta11 
6Atv, nptnu va tAanltoh rat va e~ahtfto6v ot 6unt6ot~auc:, elu nphutat nap( 
ent6ot~ouv unqpealac: npoc: unqpeala atu, A6y1 undauv, 0!!46ac: nelhn npo<: 4.Uq 01166a 
ndath. 
7. XPHIAIIlEI ADOZHRIOIEII IETAEY TOI YDHPEIIOI AIAAOrA IE TO lOIIOI 
AIAIOllHI 
To un6pxov 0601111!« xpt1a1J<: 11eTa~6 t1v taxu6po11t16v Ynqpaal6v <10 onolo ovo1J6~etat 
KQTOAQKTlK6 ttAq) 6ev Bao(~tTGl OTO K6010(, yayov6( nou 061')y£l 0£ Ol')jJQVtlKt( OTP£8A6otl( ti')( 
axtoq( tQC: XP1111a1tK~C: ano~q1Jl1aq( Kat tou npay11a1t106 16a1ouc: 6lavo11~c:. H l6ta apx~, 061Jt•va 
µe 1qv ono la q HµoA6yqaq nptnu va Ufp4~u to K6a1oc:, nptnu va 6 t tne l u t 10 0601qµa 
xpqµattK•v ano~111Jt•ae1v µeTa~6 11v Taxu6p01JlK•v Ynqpeot•v. 
8. lA80PIIIOI lPITHPIOI fIA lA80AllH YDHPEIIA lAI DAPAlOAOY8HIH TOI EDIAOIEOI 
O A6yo( yta tq ftontal') auv6Aou npootateu6µev1v unqpeal6v e(vat q KOlVtvtr~ analtqaq yta tl)v 
napox~ KafoAtK~( unqpeala(. Iuven6c:, to npay11attK6 enlne6o TQC: unqpealac: ano1eAel ouataottK6 
CJTOlXtlo 6oov atop6 1q 6taat6Al01') Tl')C: lKavono(qaqc: TIV KOlVIVlK6V anatt~OtlV. Xpet6~£TGl, IC: 
£K to6tou, va KatapH otoh np61una y ta Tl( Kah At d<: unqpeo l t<:, va napuoAoufo6vta t o t 
£rrt66o£l~ KOL va honto106v ouat~µna .:Urxou. fl')"1Hhnat 6H ta KPl t~pta aut6 ano1elo6v 
µ6vo Kat•tata 6pta -ot tOPtl<: napox~<: KafoAtK~( unnpeola( ottlAouv va Kata86Aouv 
npoon6fatt~ npoKetµtvou ot ent66ott( nou tnttuyx6vovtat va elvat utriA6ttp£(. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
~l!ll1_1! ________________________________________________________________________________ [t~l!ntn 
-----------~------------------------------------------------------------------------
TIHIA III EIAPIOIIIH IAI IYIOXH 
9. H EIAPIOIIIH El&EillYTAI OtAI OtEAEI TOYI IEAATEI 
'Ooo neplaa6upo and elvat ta otUQ yla 1ov icnavaAn~, 1600 ntplao6npo Ul8UAnal Q 
·evapp6vlaQ. Ta nAtov oat~ ottAq talve1al n1c OttlAov1at ae ic6nola evapp6YlOQ 11v 
npoOnofto11v np6o8aoqc Kal 01qv evapp6vlaQ 11v npo16n1v 11v unqpealtv icattc Kal 01qv 
napaicoAo6tQOQ 11v enl66at1v <nou txouv ntplypaftl av11tp1 01qv np61aaq 8>. 
11. ITYXEI IOIIOTIIHI IYIOXHI DOY DPOIEIIAI IA AHt80YI YD'OtH 
Elvat OQPGV1lK6 va Aap84Yt1Gl n4v101t un6tq Q av6yKQ va 6lGOt6AlOQC 1QC 6nap~qc, Ot 6AQ TQV 
Kolv61q1a, tv6c ano1eAtapatlK06 topta t1v 1axu6popel1v o onoloc tKavonoltl tl( 1axu6poptKtc 
av6yKtC tou ouv6Aou 1qc Kotv61q1ac. Ol ntplao61epec an6 1lC anapal1q1ec 8tAtl6GtlC pnopo6v 
va tntuvxtoh pe 8d1l1aq 1qc 6laulpla~c. ea anattqfo6v nh11c oplaphec utaAalutc, 
enev66atlC nou, l6tat1tp1c a1tc Aty61epo euvoqptvec neptoxtc, tao auven6yov1at aqpavttK6 
6QpOOlOVOPtK6 86poc. 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~lAl~l-1~ 
r--------------------------------------1 
!------~----~~~~~~~-~~~~~~-------------

[l2lll~~lll-------------~~--------------------------------------------------------------~lAi~l-11 
DEPIAHIH 
KEHAAIO 1. 
KEtAAAIO 2. O Iopta( ttv Taxu6pope{1v 
KEHAAIO 3. To Taxu6pOµlK6 PutµlOTlK6 R£Pl86AAov 
KEtAAAIO 4. 
KEtAAAIO 5. OlKovoµLKt( Kal AtltoupytKt( Rtuxt( 
KEtAAAIO 6. 
KEtAAAIO 7. YtlOTdµtvQ Kat6otaOQ : RpoBA~µa1a KGl RpoKA~Otl( 
KEtAAAIO 8. E~t1aoq TIV Rltavtv A6ottV 
KEtAAAIO 9. Dpot60£l( AKoAoutqtta( RoAlTlK~( 
DAPAPTHMATA 
f AOIIAPIO 
~tAi~1_1a _____________________________________________________________________________ lll~lll~~l!l 
Dl~pq( Dlvara( Deptexoptv1v 
lEtlAAIO 1 EIIArorH 
lEtAAAIO 2 : 0 IOBEAI IOI IAXYAPOBEIOI 
1. fENIKA 
2. H IHMAIIA fIA THI lOIIOTHTA 
3. IAIEII TOY AfOPAITIKOY KOINOY 
4. H IIXYOYIA NOM08EIIA 
5. RAPEXOMENEI YRHPEIIEI 
6. OIKONOllIU 
7. ADAIXOAHIH 
8. H KOINOTIKH AIAITAIH 
UtlAAIO 3 : TO IAXYAPOBIIO PY8BIETIIO DEPIBAAAOI 
1. EIIAfOfH 
2. XPHIIMODOIOYMENH OPOAOfIA 
lll2lll~~ll~-------------~-------------------------------------------------~-------------~l!i~l-1~ 
3. H YtIITAMENH NOM08EIIA ITA KPATH MEAH 
4. 3. 1 fENIKA 
3.2 NOMIKO KA8EITOI TON TAXYAPOMIKON YDHPEIION 
3.3 EYPOI TOY DPOITATEYOMENOY TOMEA 
3.4 OPIIMOI TON YDHPEIION 
3.5 DPOETOIMAIIA TAXYAPOMEIOY ADO TPITOYI 
3.6 AYTOTAXYAPOMHIH KAI AYTOAIANOHH 
3.7 YBPIAIKEI YOHPEIIEI 
3.8 AIAIYNOPIAKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
3.9 EIAIKA XAPAKIHPIIIIKA TON E8NIKON NOM08EIION 
AIAP8POIH TOY PY8MIITIKOY DAAIIIOY 
4.1 AIAXOPIIMOI PY9MIITIKON KAI EDIXEIPHIIAKON AEITOYPfION 
4.2 APMOAIOTHTEI TOH XANONIITIXOH APXON 
4.3 APMOAIOTHTEI TOY tOPEA EKMETAAAEYIHI 
5. H AIE9NHI PY9MIITIKH AIAITAIH 
5.1 DAfKOIMIA TAXYAPOMIKH ENOIH COTE -UPU> 
5.2 fENIKH IYMtONIA AAIMON KAI EMDOPIOY CGATT> 
5.3 EYPODAIKH IYNAIAIKEfH TON AIOIKHIEON TAXYAPOMEION KAI THAEDIKOINO­
NION CCEPT> 
6. H KOINOTIKH PY9MIITIKH AIAITAIH 
6.1 IYN9HKH THI POMHI 
6.2 EtAPMOrH TON KANONON TOY ANTAfONIIMOY 
6.3 IYN9HKH THI POMHI KAI IYMBAIH THI DTE 
6.4 AOIDEI KOINOTIKEI ROAITIKEI 
lEtAAAIO 4 : EMDOPIIEI DTYXEI 
1. EIIArorH 
2. EDIIKODHIH THI AfOPAI 
~iAl~IL.2l-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Rltlll~~l!I 
3. REAATEI 
3.1 ARAITHIEII TON REAATON 
3.2 TAIH XPHIIMOROIHIHI TON YRHPEIION 
3.3 AfOPEI 
3.4 TMHMATA TOI AfOPON 
4. YDHPEIIEI lAI tOPEII ElMETAAAEYIHI 
4.1 EDIITOAEI 
4.2 6EMATA 
4;3 lAIEDEifONTA 
5. XPHKATOOilONOMilA MEfE8H 
5.1 IHMEPIIH KATAITAIH 
5.2 TAIEII 
6. XAPAKTHPIITllA THI YDHPEIIAI QI DPOI THI DPOIBAIH 
6.1 I6IOTIKOI tOPEII EKMETAAAEYIHI 
6.2 TAXY6POMIKEI YRHPEIIEI 
7. XAPAKTHPIITIKA THI YRHPEIIAI : ROIOTHTA TON RAPEXOMENQN YDHPEIION 
7.1 ROIOTHTA IE E8NIKO ERIDE60 
7.2 IE AIAIYNOPIAlO ETIITIE60 
8. TIMOAOfIA 
8.1 BAIIKA TIMOAOflA 
8.2 AIAP8POIH TIMON 
8.3 ElRTOIEII 
8.4 MEIOMENA <RPOTIMHIIAKA> TIMOAOflA 
9. ERIAPAIH ITHN ENIAIA AfOPA 
9.1 fENIKA OIKONOMIKA AROTEAEIMATA 
9.2 ITPATHfIKH ENANTI TON DEAATON 
9.3 DPOIAOKIEI TON DEAATON ADO III YDHPEIIEI TON TAXYAPOMEION 
9.4 EIAIKA ADOTEAEIMATA ITII TAXYAPOMIKEI AEITOYPfIEI 
R!2!ll~Ullg _____________ ~---------------------------------------------------------------~!Al~1_i1 
lEtAAAIO 5 : OllOIOKIIEI KAI AEITOYPfllEI DTYXEI 
1. EIIArOrH 
2. DAPOXH KA90AIKHI YDHPEIIAI 
3. H TAXYAPOMIKH AEITOYPrIA -rENIKH DEPif PAtH 
3. 1 DOAHIH YDHPEIION 
3.2 DEPIIYAAOfH 
3.3 ESOTEPIKH AIAAOfH 
3.4 METAtOPA 
3.5 EIOTEPIKH AIAAOfH 
3.6 AIANOMH 
3.7 AIAtOPA 
4. AIAIYNOPIAKEI YDHPEIIEI 
4. 1 ESEPXOMENO TAXYAPOMEIO 
4.2 EIIEPXOMENO TAXYAPOMEIO 
5. AAilANEI 
6. AilOAOTIKOTHTA KAI TIMOAOfHIH 
6.1 TIMOAOfIAKH EEIIOIH 
6.2 AOfIITIKEI ME9060I 
6.3 DPOTIMHIIAKA TEAH 
7. XPHMATOAOTHIH 
7.1 6IEDI60THIEII 
7.2 KENTPIKH XPHMATOAOTHIH 
8. KATAAAHKTIKA TEAH 
9. ANATAXYAPOMHIH 
9. 1 ANATAXYAPOMHIH A-B-r 
9. 1 ANATAXYAPOMHIH A-8-B 
9.3 ANATAXYAPOMHIH A-B-A 
19. EDENAYIEII KAI TEXNOAOfIA 
19. 1 TEXNOAOfIA 
19.2 EDENAYIEII-TAXYAPOMIKEI YDHPEIIEI 
18.3 EDENAYIEII KAI EYKAIPIEI fIA IAIOTIKOYI tOPEII EKMETAAAEYIHI 
~Al~1_ii _____________________________________________________________________________ !ltlllt1111 
lEtlAAIO 6 : lOIIQIIlEI DTYXEI 
1. EIIArorH 
2. EEOTEPilEI RTYXEI IXETIKA ME TOYI DEAATEI 
2.1 01 ARAIIHIEII IHMEPA 
2.2 YtIIIAMENEI YDHPEIIEI 
2.3 IEEI ADAITHIEII EK MEPOYI IOI DEAAION · 
2.4 H lOINOIIlH 6IAITAIH 
3. EDAffEAMAIIKH ADAIXOAHIH 
3.1 OI IYN8HKEI IHMEPA 
3.2 ZHTHIH EDAffEAMATIKHI ADAIXOAHIHI 
3.3 TAIEII OION AtOPA THN DOAITIKH DP~IODIKOY KAI III IYl8HlEI EPfAIIAI 
3.4 EDArrEAMATIKH KATAPTIIH 
4. H DPOKAHIH 
lEtAAAIO 7 : H YtIIIAREIH lATAITIIH : DPOBAHRITI lAI DPOIAHIEII 
1. EIIArorH 
2. ADO TH IKODIA TOY DEAATH 
2. 1 OPIIMOI 
2.2 OPOIBAIH 
2.3 EEYDHPETHIH 
2.4 TIMOAOf IA 
2.5 IKANODOIHIH TON DEAATON 
3. H IKODIA TOY tOPEA EKMETAAAEYIHI 
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3.1 NOMIKA 8EMAIA 
3.2 DPOIBAIH 
3.3 ROIOTHTA ION RAPEXOMENON YDHPEIION 
3.4 TIMOAOfIA 
3.5 ARAIXOAHIH 
3.6 TEXNIKA 8EMATA 
4. ABO TH IKOITIA ION E8NIKON KANONIIIIKON APXON 
4.1 ITPOIIAIEYOMENOI IOMEAI 
4.2 YROXPEOIEII TON DPOITAIEYOMENON YDHPEIION 
5. OI EDIDTOIEII TOY 1992 
6. TI 8A IYMBEI EAN AEN fINEI TIROTE; 
7. H KOINOTIKH RPOORTIKH 
7.1 AIAKPIIH METASY PY8MIITIKON KAI AEITOYPfIKON 8EMATON 
7.2 OPIIMOI THI KA80AIKHI YRHPEIIAI 
7.3 EYPOI TOY RPOITATEYOMENOY TOMEA 
7.4 EtAPMOfH TON AIKAIOMATON TON RPOITATEYOMENON YRHPEIION 
7.5 RPOYR08EIEII RPOIBAIHI 
7.6 EDIAOIEII KATA THN RAPOXH YRHPEIION 
7.7 TIMOAOfIA 
7.8 ENAPMONIIH 
7.9 IYNOXH 
7.18 MAKPORP08EIMA 9EMATA 
lEtAAAIO 8 E:EIAIH TOI Dl8AIOI AYIEOI 
1. EIIAfOfH 
2. fIATI RPEREI NA ANAMIX8EI H KOINOTHTA 
3. KOINOTIKOI ITOXOI 
3.1 BAIIKEI APXEI 
~lAi~~-i! _____________________________________________________________________________ nt~1t1~~tl~ 
3.2 EtAPMOfH 
4. KA90PIIMOI TOY RPOITATEYOMENOY TOMEA 
5. AYTOAIANOMH KAI AYTOTAXYAPOMHIH 
5.1 AYIOAIANOMH 
5.2 AYTOIAXYAPOMHIH 
6. YROXPEOTIKEI YRHPEIIEI 
6.1 YROXPEOTIKEI YRHPEIIEI IE KOINOTIKO ERIREAO 
6.2 YROXPEOTIKEI YRHPEIIEI IE E9NIKO ERIREAO 
6.3 XPHMATOAOTHIH 
7. NEEI YRHPEIIEI 
8. AIAIYNOPIAKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
8.1 ENAOKOINOTIKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
8.2 AIE9NEI TAXYAPOMEIO 
8.3 AOIRA 9EMATA 
9. EYPOI TON RPOIIATEYOMENON YRHPEIION-ERIMEPOYI 9EMATA 
9. 1 RPOBAHMATA OPIIMON 
9.2 TAXYAPOHIKA PEYMATA XAMHAHI TAXYIHTAI 
9.3 HAEKIPONIKH ERIKOINONIA 
9.4 RPOETOIMAIIA IAXYAPOMEIOY 
18. RPOTEINOHENA KPITHPIA 
18. 1 MEIORP09EIHA 
18. 2 BPAXYRP09EIHA 
19.3 MAKPORP09EIMA 
11. IYMBATOTHTA THI TAXYAPOMIKHI NOH09EIIAI rrA TII KOINOTIKEI IYN9HKEI KAI 
ROAITIKEI 
12. 0 POAOI TOY KANONIITIKOY OPfANOY 
13. YROXPEOIEII KA90AIKHI YRHPEIIAI -RPOIBAIH 
13. 1 AHMOIIOROIHIH TON OPON TAXYAPOMHIHI 
13.2 OPOI IYMBAIEON rIA MEIZONEI REAATEI 
13.3 RPOETOIMAIIA TAXYAPOMEIOY 
13.4 RPOIBAIH fIA IAIOTIKOYI tOPEII EKMETAAAEYIHI 
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13.5 flPOIBAIH fIA AAAEI !AXYAPOMIKEI YDHPEIIEI 
14. YflOXPEOIEII KA90AIKHI YRHPEIIAI -YRHPEIIAKA RPOTYRA 
14.1 KA90PIIMOI RPO!YRON 
14.2 RAPAKOAOY9HIH ERIAOIEON 
14.3 EAEfXOI 
15. YROXPEOIEII KA90AIKHI YRHPEIIAI TIMOAOflA <IYMREPIAAMBANOMENON TON KA-
TAAHK!IKON TEAON) 
15. 1 IYIXETIIMOI RPOI TII AARANEI 
15.2 ERIAOTHIEII 
15.3 KATAAHKTIKA TEAH 
16. MH ITPOITATEYOMENEI YRHPEIIEI 
16.1 TIMEI 
16.2 AOIRA 9EMATA 
17. RI9ANOI TOMEII ENAPMONIIHI 
17.1 OPOI ITPOIBAIHI/IYMBATIKOI OPOI 
17.2 DOIOTHTA RAPEXOMENON YRHPEIION 
17.3 AIAP9POIH TIMOAOfION 
17.4 AIAIYNAEIH REAATON 
17.5 ERIXEIPHIIAKA AEAOMENA 
17.6 ARAIXOAHIH 
18. KOINOTIKH IYNOXH 
19. EtAPMOfH METPON ROAITIKHI 
28. TAXYAPOMIKEI XPHMATOOIKONOMIKEI YRHPEIIEI 
21. AOIITA 6EMATA 
21.1 ENIAIA TAXYAPOHIKH YRHPEIIA 
21 .2 KOINA TIMOAOfIA 
21.3 KOINA fPAMMATOIHMA 
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lEtAAAIO 9 : Dl8AIEI EDIAOfEI AlOAOY8HIEAI DOAIIIlHI 
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HEPOI II YfiOXPEOIEII tOPEON fiAPOXHI KA00AIKHI YfiHPEIIAI 
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Ent 86Ut1a t va oqp£ uth: l 61l f) 6notl) nou ta OXQPat lou to ayopaot u6 1:0 l v6 < xp~ouc:) 6oov 
atop6 tqv ano1tA£opa1tl6tf)ta t1v 1axu6popt16v unqptot6v ta tnqpt6ott to tl6oc: tqc: xp~oqc: yta 
to onolo Ol taxu6po1o1tdc; unqptahc: fa fupqto6v rat6UqAt:c;. Eh hac: ndhqc; u6 pla dpa 
ft1p~ott oxt66v 8t8ato 6tt tva tnayytApa1t16 p~vupa ta tt6ott otov tlmG npooptopo6 tou 1qv 
tn6pnq ptpa tlvu noU nttav6 va f£A~ou va XPIJOtponot~ou yu tflV anoa1ol~ tou 10 cou6 
tntatohd 111u6poptlo. AnUna, ntAhec: at pta 6Uq dpa 11ou n6exo11h1c: 6n tphouv 
av6Aoyqc; lafpl6ac; tpnt01006vq ottc; 1axu6poputc: unqpultc: n6hnat va utAt~ouv 6Uo ptoo 
anootoA~c: yta anoo10A~ nap6potou pqv6pa1oc:. 
4. H IEXYOYII 10109EIIA 
6n uacipxouv 660 itphq pUq uv onoltv ot taxu6poputc: vopoholtc; va dvu navopot61untc:. 
Oot6oo, ota6tu6 avan16aonat pla t6oQ otqv lotv6tqta yta 6tauptop6 av 1avovto1ldv r.:at 
t:RlX£tpqotar6v Aettoupyt6v 86aet t1v onol1v ot Taxu6popt1tc: Ynl)p£oltc: tt1po6v1at anA6c: 
6ru1botot fOpetc: upn6Unoqc;. Ot pufptoudc: appo6thQT£C: avnlOntat ot hav n8epvquc6 
fopta o onotoc: £vto6totc: o~xv6 avant6oott tlC: 6pao1Qpt61q1tc: tou 010 l6to opyav1tt1t6 nAalato 
pt tqv Taxu6poptK~ Ynqpeo(a. 
!t itavtva an6 ta Kph I) 11Uq 6n Uf lotavta t µovonU ta 6oov atop6 ll c unqpto l tC: 6tphn. O l 
unqptoltc r.attn£Ly6vt•v t(val o~µtpa µovon•AtaKtc µ6vo oc tpla an6 ia 6t6tra Kp6tri ptAq. 
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tr}<: E~VtK~C: tntrpdtttac> yta tntotoAtc 11txptc; tv6c optoptvou Sdpouc ~ optoptvnc: ttP~<: 
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topta EKIJEt6AAtuonc npootattuoptvwv unqp£ol6v. 
ntpav ttiV UROXP£tiTlK'V npooTattu6µ£ViV unnptOl'V yta tl<; tntotoAtc Ol Taxu6poptrtc Ynqptolt<; 
ouxv6 unoxpdtvovtal va naphouv Kat optoµtvtc 6Ht<; unqptoltc u4oAtdc 6n•c 1l<; unqptolt<; 
6tµ61Mv 11txpt<; tv6c optoµtvou S6pouc µoAov6tt av~1:ouv otov toµta 1ou £At6~cpou av1ayvvlopo6. 
Ht1a(6 1wv Taxu6poptKAv Ynqptottv ra1 ivv t61w1tr•v toptwv EKIJEt6AAtuonc ava1lfttat 
av1ayntoµ6c: yta H<: unl')ptolt<: nou qinlniouv otov µn npootaHu611cvo <av1ayntotu6> 1opta. 
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(ytatntlyouoa 6lavo11~ cyypdtwv lOl/~ 6cu61wv>, µciatOPt«tc ttalptlcc cat tiatptlcc nou 
£l6lKEQOVTQl 010 6lE~vtc: £Rl010AtK6 1axu6po11tlo. 
rru.1av1 ta:~ avdntu(ri napouotcHouv ot ayoptc uv 6q1auv rat t6tat 1tptt<; tn uuntt y6vav. To 
yqov6c 61\ aut tc o t 660 ayoptc d vat \lll npoota u u6pE vtc txu iC a not Htoµa o l t 6ut u:o l 
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tttv taxu6popEltv. 
Ol KOVOVlOtlKtC n1uxtc TOU toµta TIY 1axu6p01JEl1v E~Et6~ovtal AEDTOIJEPElGK6 010 ltt6Aato 3. 
5. RAPEXOMEIEI YDHPEIIEI 
o l unnptoltc nou naphouv o t Taxu6poputc: Ynqptol EC 6 tarp l vov1a l OE 1axu6pop utc: unqpeo l ec: 
Kat unqpEo l EC: nou naphovta t 010 uxu6pop u6 n1ao1~11ata. O t 6E 6uptc: anouloh1at an6 
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s:o t v6. 001600, o t unqpEo l EC autt<; naptxona t un6 n&Eodc EAE6&Epou avtayn topo6 < u l 
tntn.Uov "a nptntt va &upohtat µ4Hov 1c 1µ~µa HJ<: ayop6c xpqµ01oouovo11tdv unqptcuh>. 
Kata ouvtnEta, 10 nap6v Bp60lVO 'Eyypafo EDlKEV1PAVEl 10 EV6lattpov Ott<: URl)PEOlE<: 
1axu6poµtlou. 
tx~µa 1 : Htpl6ta 1ou 1oµta tttv taxu6poµtlttv 
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IAIOTIKOI tOPEIE EKMETAAAEYrHr • 
~ TAXYAPOMIKEE YUHPEEIEE 
H 11'.ion 1ou ayopao1la:o6 a:otvo6 a:at ot napEX61.1cvcc unnpco(cc E(~1Hov1at AEnTOIJEptoHpa 010 
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tlt6&cpou avtay•vtopo6.~ Iuv~&•<: ot Taxu6poptrtc Ynqpcolt<: npoqyo6v1at ottc ayoptc unqpcotAv 
hphtv aU6 6xt ·otu; avtlototuc uan£ty6nn. Ito Ix~µa 1 6tanto1hovtat ta µepl6ta 
traotou topta trptt6AAtuoqc: tou toµta ttv taxu6poµe(1v trtpaoµtva rat6 6yro rat too6a. 
'OAt<: ot unqpeatec: atopo6v rat6 to peyaA6tepo ptpoc touc: tq 6tavoµ~ ato ea1ttptr6 tov rp6touc: 
ptAouc: an6 to onolo npotpxncu to p~vuµa ~ ta 6uuvo6µna ayaa6. H np6o8aoq 01u; vnqpeolt<: 
taxu6popelou e(aotall{et to xpqotponolqoq ev6c oqµav1t106 ptoou £RllOtv1vlac lat pta<: 
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npounottott( np6o8aoqc nou tox6ouv ota tntptpouc: rp6tq ptAq 6tattpouv oqµavttc6. H lat6otaoq 
aut~ Oft Un cu 1600 one: anot6ae u: nou lapUvouv ta ap1-166u uvov tat u6 6pyava 600 xa t ott <: 
6tafoptc 11v 1av6v1v taxu6p6µqooc nou tfapp6{ouv ot entptpouc Taxu6poµtKt<: Ynqpeolec. 
6. OltOIOIIU 
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t6oetc: xpqotpono(qoqc. 
pevq ev µtpet an6 ta 6ta9opettld cnlne6a xp~onc Kat av1tKatontpl~ov1ac 6tafoptttlo6c 8a6po6<: 
ano1tAtopa1t16tqtac. Ot 6ta,optc ano6ottK6tqtac tlvat tvac an6 touc nap6yovtec nou npoKaAo6v 
eup6tat£C anoKA(ott<: peta~6 t1v ttpoAoy(av nou £fapp6~ovtat £K ptpouc an6 ta rp6to ptAo yta 
naptp,tptlc unqptolcc. 'AAAov napdyovta anottAtl to 6taftpov K6oioc epyaolac 6t6oµtvou 6tt 
Ol 6andYE<: RPOOIRlK06 avtpxovtal OTO 78l TIV 6anav'v napox~ URC)PEOl'V yta £RlOToAtc. 
E(vat oattc 6tt ot tfappo~6pcvcc aHtc na tov rdoptop6 toe TtpoA6yqoqc 6taftpouv rnloqc 
OJJJJUvt t d. Aut6 rnU otata t npo9avtc y la napd6t q11a an6 tr) 6 t a9opt tu~ avtt µtth tori av 
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av Aqf4t( un6tn () OXEltK~ ayopaOTll~ lOX6 TIV noAltlKQV TIV ER\µtpouc Kpat'V ptAQv. EntnAtov, 
Ol Taxu6poµtdc Ynqpcoltc haotou rp6touc µUouc 6taptphouv ta ttµoA6yt6 touc pt tvtalouc 
OUVtEAEottc nou KaA6ntouv TO o6voAo lfJC ~3VlK~< ERlKp6tElQC. 
~oAov6tt to 6lnuo nou xpqoq1onot£ltat yla tqv napox~ a:atoAu~< unqpcola< 6tv tµfavl~tl 
dµEOEC 6taouv6toctc avAAoyE<: npoc HEtVEC TOU 6ta:t6ou TCJAERlKOlVtvlh, C) YEVlk:~c htaoric 
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ra3oplotlr~c oqµaola< to 6(nuo rnto.ha:~c unqpcolac va t(unqpttEl µcy6Aouc 6yr:ouc r:al va 
E{aooaA(~ovtal cnapc~ too6a nou va tyyu~vtal 1qv Ol(OVO~lK~ Stwotµ61qtd tou. 
Ta cphq 11Uq houv rnaM~u ato a6voA6 touc: 6tt npou: q.1hou va t:~aataAtatd napr~c: 6yroc: 
taxu6po11uh t:pyaath ent86Unu va npootauuto6v opta1o1hec: unqputtc: naptxonac: optapha 
et6tc6 cat anocletottc6 6trat6pata Ott( Taxu6poptctc: Ynqpealt(. Evto6totc:, un6pxouv oo8aptc: 
6tafopt( OTO t6apa t1v npoataTtu6pev1v Topt1v ata entptpouc: cp6tq ptAq:. O unot~tto<: xp~otqc: 
nou txet Tl( l6t£( 1axu6poptctc: anatt~aet( at 6la Ta cp61q ptAq tlvat nol6 nttav6 va 
6lGRlGT6Gel 6tl Ol lGYOYlGpol lGl rav6vec: let1oupylac: JlG TIJV travonolqaq TIV £Y A6y1 
anatt~ae1v 6tattpouv a£ tcaato cp61oc: ptloc:. 
ta otrovoptr6 xapac1qpta1tc6 Ttv 1axu6poptc6v ·uaqpeat6v ta e~etaoto6v nA~P•C: 010 ltt6lato 5. 
7. HAIXOAHIR 
Ot unqpeolec: 1axu6pop1(ou anoteAo6v aqpav1tco6c: epyo661ec: otqv lotv6tqta. Ot 6qp6ote<: 
Taxv6poptrtc: Yaqpeo<ec: anaaxoAo6v 1,35 ecatopp6pta 6topa evt ot t6t11trol ,opelc: 1axv6poptc~c: 
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epyaolac: ot taxu6poputc: Au10upylec: elvat t6talupa eualatquc: ott<: t6ouc: 1ou npoaenuo6. 
Ot 6qpoypaftctc: p11a80Atc: 01qv Kotv61q1a ev6txe1at va txouv oqpavttrtc: tntnt•ottC: 6oov a,op6 
TO 6taftatpo npoa1ntr6 an6 to onoto ot fOPtlc: taxu6poptr~c: erpt:t6AAtuoqc: ta t~aroAout~aouv va 
npaypa1onoto6v npooA~ttt(. I61t av6Aoyo tv6txetat va tnqp16att ta tnlnt6a ano6ox'v otov topta 
au16. Ev' ot ouv6uaop6 pt tt<: vtec: t6ott( ayop6c: rat tQC: TtxvoAoylac: fa rataot~ott 
tnttarttc6ttpq tqv av6ycq anottAtopattc~c: tcnal6tuoqc:. 
Ot (OlVIVlKt( ntuxtc: TOU Topta TIV taxu6pope(1v £~£t6~0VTGl avaAuttK6ttpa OTO Ktt6Aato 6. 
8. ff lOllOTllH AIAITAtH 
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ayop6~ at 6Aou< touc: toi.itl( nov e(unqp£to6vtat t6talTtpa an'au16 µc xapaKTf)ptott«d 
napa6clr1Aato tov tunoypaftr6/tr6ottr6 cat 6tafqptattr6 cAd6o. 
AvarctaAat•vovtac:, ot6xo( 1ou npaatvou Eyyp6tou tlvat va npoTtlvtt µcf66ouc: yta Tf)v cn(ttu(fl 
cv6c: 6uvai.itco6 rat npooava10Atoµtvou npo< Tl( av4yr£( Ttv ncAaT'v Tou 1oµta 1vv 1axu6poµclvv 
nou q Kotv6Tf)ta XPttd~tTct. 
UHAAIO J ro PY8"IITIKO DEPIBAAAON 
1. EIIArOfH 
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OTO KP6Tq µtAq 0£ GUGX£1lGIJ6 µ£ to 6t£tvt<; lQl to ICOlVOTll6 nAalOlO. 16talt£pa avaA6ovtal Ol 
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£~£t6~£tal Atntopeptatepa ota ltt6Aata 7 Kat 8. 
2. IPHtlKODOIOYKEIH OPOAOfIA 
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npoota1tu6µtv11v unqptoL'v 0£ tKaoto Kpdto<: µtAo<; tlvaL q Taxu6poµLK~ Ynqp£o{a. 
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a9op6 tl<: npo6taypa,t<: TMV naptx6µtv1v unqptoL,v. 
KA00AIKH 
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ana(tqoq Ka~oAtK~~ nopox~<:-
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ANEY KA90A IKHr 
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l~tqAqtq_~-~-~~i~lQll~~-Ilt~1iq!A~y ______________________________________________________ Q~At~~-~~ 
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rat6 tov tp6no au16. 
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3.6 AYTOIAXYAPOKHIHH lAI AYTOAIAIOMH 
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aoxoAEltat El6lK6 IJE tl)v 1axu6poplK~ 6tavoµ~. 
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3.7 YBPIAilEI YDHPEIIEI 
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to l6to OVT\KEll.IEVO 0£ l6ta UAll~ Katdataaq. 
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3.8 AIAIYIOPIAlO IAXYAPOMEIO 
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auot~pata tev tfvt16v touc: Taxu6poptt6v Ynqpeot•v. 
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3.9 EIAICA XAPAKTHPIITilA TOI EONI[OI IOROOEIIOI 
3.9.1 AITIKO TAXYAPOHEIO 
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tu; Enttptntt. 
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J.9.2 AMTAAAAfEI EffPAtON 
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Hvttptvou BaotAElou. 
3.9.J ICEIAtOPA 
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pttaftptt to 1axu6poptlo ptta(6 t1v Ktvtp1v 6laAoy~(. 
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3.9.4 AAAA 9EKATA 
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Xvp'v tono&tttl 01ov av1ay1vtottK6 topta. 
4. AIAP8POtH TOY PY8MitTilOY RAAIIIOY 
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tr)( ayopdc. Elvat oqpavttK6 va ylv£tat 6thptol) pc1a(6 auto6 tou uvovto1uo6 p6Aou ut tl)C 
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4.1 AIAXOPIIMOI TON lANONIITIKOI KAI EDIXEIPHIIAKON AEITOYPfION 
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tl( lQVOVl01llt<: apxt<: (Ql 1lC: ERlXElPQOlQlt( A£ttoupy(£(. 
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fOpta tlµ£t6AA£UOQ(l. 
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4.2 APROAIOTHTEr TON [AMONirIItON APXOR 
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otattu6µtvwv unqp£otiv)· 
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6.4.2 TEAOIEIA KAI tRA 
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J.IETOfOp6c EJ.IROPEUIJhttY ~ ERlOtoUv nou Eto6yovtat an6 TPltEC x'PEC Olf)V Kotv6tr)TQ(. 
AvafOPllQ PE TO £V60KOlV01lC6 tpn6pto, +nA YlO ~£1Qf0PlKtc URr)PEOlEC XPEAVETal KOTCIPX~V 
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Kp4toc ptAoc 6nou t(vat un6xpeoc tRA. Oc EK to6Tou, q 6ta6traola tqc 6y6oqc 0611ylac 6tv 
Elvat anapa(TIJTIJ yta Tqv tntOTPOt~ tnA. 
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nqy~ anayntot u:o6 nAEovu1~patoc: ~ pEOVE n~patoc: yu ono t ov6~noH an6 1ouc: 6 tcltopouc: 
taxu6popll06( tOPE(( ElpEt6Al£UOQ(, tltE 6qp6otouc: EltE t6tt1llQ6(, 61av avtay1vl~OY1Gl 
otov pq npootattu6ptvo topta. It av1to1otxla PE ta napan6v1, q Ent1pon~ fa avafEIPtl to 
avtay1vlGtlc6 o6otqpa 6tao6v6toqc: pe1a~6 t1v unqptol6v t1v 6qpool1v"topt1v tcpe16AAtuoq( 
cal au16v tlY l6L11tc6v petatopt1v cattntty6v11v, 601£ va 6taotaAl~£l tqv loq topoAoytc~ 
pe1axelptoq, 6nou utla1a1at 6ptooc: av1ay1vtop6c:. 
6.4.J RPOITAIIA AEAOMEION 
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t6taltEpa oqpavttcd ano1tAtapa1a OE £tatpElEC: 6tat~ptaqc: 6ta tou 1axu6popelou cat 
taxu6poptl6Y napayyElt6Y, aVtlPEtlnl~El TO ttµa TIJC: A~tqc:, anof~KEUOllC:. EDE(Epyaalac: lQl 
p£t66oaqc: 6t6optv1v npoatntc~c: t6att(. 
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cat va pt1a8t86~ouv 6t6optva, un6 111v npoun6feoq 6tL 6tv tlvat tpntot£UtlK~C: t6ot1c: cat 
6tt txtt 6oftl tucatpla 010 np601no, ototXEla tou onolou 1qpo6v1at, va yv1pl~£l 6tt ta 
6E6oµtva txouv DEPlOUAAEytl lGl, tdv EnlfUpEl, va 6ta16ntEtQl q OEPQlttp1 XP~OIJ TOU(. 
6.4.4 AIAAEITOYPfIKOTHTA 
H Enttpon~ aoxoAtltaL PE 111v av6ntu(q npotdouv na 1atdpttoq TEXVLKh npo16n..v ottc: 
TEXVOAoylEC TIV tqAEnLKOLVIVl6V KQl TIJC nAqpo,optl~C- 'Ooov a,opd np6tuna nou EV6tX£TQL 
va txouv Ot')µaota otov 1oµta av rnxu6pot1Elo, txouv avan1ux&El optoµtva na EDI. H 
np6o6oc OIJIJE(~OE Bpa66ttpou~ pu~~o6c: OE 6taAELTOUPYLK6 np6tuna OE OUOt~pata pa860116(KVV 
yta t~ 6tavop~. Kat6 ta Aotn6, avaat6ooovtal npo160£LC yta KavovtKono(qoq qAEKTPOVLK06 
1axu6poptlou oto np61vno X-488. 

KltqAq1q_!_~-~~RQ~t~tt_R!~!tt ____________________________________________________________ ~{!l~g-~J 
lEtAAAIO 4 EROOPICEI OTYXEI 
1. EIIArOrH 
lat6 tqv ntptypat~ t•v tpnoptl6v ntuxAv t1v taxu6poptl1v, to ltt6Aato au16 £(tt6~tl tov topta 
an6 tq alont6 tou xp~otq yta to A6yo aut6 tntl£Vtp6vetat Otte; n1uxtc;·au1tc; nou tlvat nAtov 
•opattc;• yta tov xp~otq. tuotl6, ouv6tttat 01tv6 pt to tn6ptvo «tt6Aato, to onolo avaA6tt ttc; 
otrovoptltc; rat Atttoupytrtc; n1uxtc; -6qAa6~, ta tp~pata ta onola, nap6 to yeyov6c; 6tt elvat 
•a6pata• yta tov xp~otq, anot£Ao6v tq 86oq t1v unqpeot•v nou npoottpovtat o'au16v. 
To nap6v ntUcuo avaA6u t~ o6voAq ayop6 rat peAn6 ttc; anatt~ouc; tn ndadv. Alvu pla 
tntor6nqoq ttv unqptot•v 11v taxu6poptl1v, ot onoltc; npoop(~ovtat va avtanorptfo6v o'auttc; 
He; anat t~ouc; trJ( ayop6c;, uUc; enloqc; £(£t6~u 1ov tppeoo anayntop6 < t6tat ttp1c; ottc; 
unqpto l tc; nou Bao l ~ovu t ot tf)Atn uo l VIV l tc; > nou en uupd n6uoptv1c; va ucavono t ~au t t c; 
{6l£( QTIQl1~0£l(. 
To rtt4Aato y6pv anb Tt( tpnoptrtc; ntuxtc; 11v 1axu6popel1v 6tv fa ~tav nA~ptc; x1plc; av6Auoq 
HJY ev6noptnv anoHAEopt\av tou 1992 01ov top ta, av6Auoq ri ono (a oupntp t Aap8hna l 01qv 
t£Atutala nap6ypafo. 
ruvot f~ovtac;, TO nap6v u:tUato aoxoAd Tat I.IE TIJ oxto1J av611eoa oTouc; ntAhtc; 11v unqptoth 
av tax u6poµ£( n Ka l otouc; foptlc; El1Jtt6Htuoqc; tn unqpto th au th. To tn6pevo ut6Aa to 
np6K£lTQl VQ E(tTQO£l n(o6! an6 Tl( AElTOUf>Y(E( DOU naptxouv Ol URl)PEO(E( auttc;, JJEAt1h1ac; 
t6ta(ttpa ttr, 6andvtc; Kat tl)V ano601tK61q16 Touc;. 
2. EDIIIOUHIH THI AfOPAI 
Ot 1axu6poµtKtc unnpcolcc AEttoupyo6v Ott<: ayoptc; t1v tntKOlYiVt'v Kat ti)( 6tavop~c;. Yndpxouv 
cn{onc; xpnpa1ontotv1tKtc taxu6poptrtc unnptoltc;, au1tc naptxovtat 6pvc otnv ayopd tvv 
xprJJJOtontoaTtdv unriptoth, n ono(a dvat nA~pvc; avtayntOTlK~, Kat yta to A6yo auT6 6tv 
XP£t6~ttat t6ta(ttpa AtnTOIJEP~< av6Auo~ touc;. <Anatttl1at onvo6~noT£ ntptoo6tcpo 
t(tt6tuu11tvn av6Aut'Q ptoa 010 tuou6 1ouc; nAaloto.) To np6otvo Bt8Alo yta Ta rnxu6popcla -
rat BtBalw< to nap6v KttOAato -tntKEVTp,vouv Ott( Taxu6poptrtc; unqpcoltc. 
H ayopd tntl'.Ol VflVth ra.HnH I 6Aouc TOUC Tp6nouc; I.IE TOU<: ono(ouc: opyavtOIJO( KQl/~ 6TOJJO 
£Rtl0lVIY06V J.1Ela(6 10UC tr)A£RlKOlVWV(£(, TQAt6paOQ, pa6t6f1VO, ypantd ptoa KQl 
taxu6poµ£(o. Ot xp~ott<: 11v 6ta,6pvv aut'v µtovv ouµntptAaµBdvouv TOY rAd6o tvv 6ta•rJJJ(Otvv. 
H ayopb tou toµto 6tovoµ~c ctvat r.oA6 6tafoptttr~, t6tat1tp1c: avafoptrb pe Tr) B6oq ncAatev. H 
6tavo11~ ntptAaµB6vct 1n µ~1a9op6 rat napd6oon 1vv cµnoptuµd11v otov napoA~n1q. 
~~At~q-~!-----------------------------------------------------------~lt~!q1~_!_~-~~R~~t~lt_R1~1tt 
H 1axu6poµtK~ 6tavoµ~ µto11 unl)ptotAv 6tµ61wv ano1£A£l £l6lK£uµtvo 1µ~µa tv16c 1ou 1oµta, Kal 
aoxoAd Tal l6lal ttpwc µ£ lf) 6lGVOIJ~ IJEIJOVWIJhlV 6£11hn, ER{Of)C 6µwc Kal IJE lf)V dAutl) 
anoo10A6v µ£yaA6TEPIJC: KAlµacac:. 
Aut~ q ynuo6 16nou nt:PlYPat~ 11v ayoph 6nou huoupyo6v ot unqptoltc: 11v 1axu6po11eln 
elvat aq11av1t1~ yta va un6pxet et16va 11v e1111ta1v 11opt6v av1a11vtopo6 tl( onolec: 
av1tpe11nl~ouv ot unqpeolec: 1axu6po11elou. 'E1ot, napa6elypa1oc: x6pq, tvac: 6tafqptot~( 11nopel 
va entAt~el 1q xp~oq tv6c: ~ 6A1v <~ ev6c: auv6uao1106> aa6 ta 11toa ent1otv1vtac: nou avaftptqcav 
pe acon6 va 11e1a66ott 10 p~vup6 1ou 01ouc: 6uv6pet 1a1avaA11tc: : ot unqpeotec: taxv6popelou (pt 
1q popt~ 1qc: 6tat~IJlOIJ( 6t6 tou 1axu6po11elou> npooftpouv p6vo tva nttav6 ptoo yta 10 p~vup6 
1ou. Kla e1atpela nou enttupel va anoo1elAet eatxetpqatac~ aAAqAoypatla pnopel va 
xpqotponot~oet 1qv tqAeopototunla <fax>, tl)V unqpeola 1a1enety6v11v ~ to o6vqtec: ento10At16 
taxu6popelo. 
Aut~ q noAAanA61q1a £ntAoy6v tox6tt tnloqc: yta Aotntc: av6y1ec: tnt1otv1vl6v. To Ix~pa 1 01qv 
en6pevq odl6a napououi~u optopht(, eh 6Xl tt( neptoo6HP£C:, 6taftoq.1ec: entAoytc: OE 
6t6fopa tl6q xpqo16v yta tl( notclAec: av6yrec: £ntcotv1vlac: touc:. 
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taxu6poµtr~c: t6oewc: <noAA6 an6 ta ttAtutata Saot~ovtal OE 1qA£ntKotvwvltc:>. H t£Atutala ot~Aq 
napououi~tt HC: t6ot u: 0111 ~~TIJOl'J taxu6popuh µton nou avttototxoh ottc 6t6topec: avayuc: 
tntrOlVIVlac:. 
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tnlnt6o anatT~0£1tv tntKotv11vt6v>, ptt:po6c opyavtoµo6c: rat t6t6ttc. 
nptnu va oqµtt1hl 6tt to noui 11taa tnllotv1vth µnopo6v va xpqotµonotqfo6v 6tv t~ap1hat 
µ6vo an6 TO nottc: 6t£Ut:OA6votl( £(Val 6taftOllJEC: OTOY nt:A611) nou 61)1JlOUpy£( 10 IJ~VUIJG, aAA6 
en(OIJ( an6 TO nott~ dvat 0111 6tU£ol') 1ou napaMn111 Tt)C: tntt:otvwvlac:. ME anU A6na, tva 
111Attno pnopd va XPIJOlµonotqhl na £ntt:otv11vla µ6vo th o £nt6tu6µtvo<; napaA~n111c: 1ou 
1Jt)V61JGTO<: tXEl np608ao11 0£ µ(a 11')A£f1Ylt:~ OUOKEU~. 
Ol tntAoyt<; llY opyavtoµAv µty6An<: t:A{IJQKQ<: nou txouv Ol)µQV1tK6 6yKO ERllOlYIVlQK'V 
ana11~ouv tnf'lp£6~ov1at a:01'av6Aoyo 1p6no. ruxv6, ta µtoa nou 8pl0Kov1at otri 6tU£ol') tou 
£nt6t1K6µ£vou napaA~nTri 1ric: tntt:otv1vlac: ano1£Ao6v ouv6p1qo11 µEytaouc. 'Eva<: t6tA111c aa tx.:1 
np6o8aoq 0£ unl)ptoltc 1axu6pop£lou Kat ntaav'<: tnlo11<: ot Tl'JA£f1tVtKtc un11ptoltc. 'Evac µtrp6<: 
opyavtoµ6c; tv6htta1 va 6taHt£t tntnpooHac auoKEu~ tl')A£oµoto1unla<: µ£ 111v onola µnopd va 
~aµ86vtt µ11v6µa1a an6 Tov µc(~ova opyavtoµ6. 
Ix~~a 1 : "K~tpa" EnlKOlVWVl~v 
TOKEAI 
DEAATON EUIKOINONIAKH KEIA EUIKOINONIAI 
ANAfKH HH TAXYAPOHIKHI I TAXYAPOHIKHI tYIEOI TAIEII TAXYAPOMIKHI 
ZHTHIHI 
----------- ----------------- ------------------ ------------------- ---------------------
IEIZOIEI 
OPUIIEIOI 
llUPOI 
OPrAIIEllOI XPHHATODIITOTIKH Au1opa1onotqptvE( 
tpanE~td( 
EpyaolE( 
TqAEOllOlOtun(a 
HA£rtpovtr6 taxu-
6popdo En totoH( (pE(~OYE( EOllElp~­
OEl( > nu1 u~ 
(ptrpt( £0lXElp~-
0£l(/t6thE() 
Otaf£po( 
----------------- -------~~l________ ------------------- ---------------------
EMDOPIKH 
AAAHAOrPAtIA tqHuvo 
TqAeo11ototunla En l OtOAt( 
Katend yovta Itafep~-ev6exoµt­
YI( ntttlK~ 
_________________ __________________ ___________________ _ ____ 1~x~~n-~!~~1in __ 
AIAtHMIIH TQA£6paoq 
Pa6t6t1vo 
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Tf)AE-µdpK£Vll YK 
[ff)pEp(6E~ Al ot~IHOf) 
6 u\ lOU lox up~ avo6 u:~ 
1axu6popElou 
KatdAoyot 
_________________ _ __ n{~12~1!~------ --~------~--------- ____________________ _ 
XPHMATOUIITOTIKH TqA£oµolotunla Ent 010H( Avo6u~ 
----------------- ------------------ ------------------- ---------------------
EMU OP IKH tqAEOIJOlOtunla En totoH~ Avo6 u~ 
A~~H~~[~AtIA _________ Irr!tt!YQ __________ ~q!{rr{lIQYlq____ ---------------------
A I A tHM I IH EtQIJEp(6£( Ataf~IJlOQ 6t6 Av06lK~ 
0£f>l 06 t K6 tou taxu6po1Jdou 
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IAIOTEI npor EnIXEIPHIEir Ent otoH<: 
EµnoplK6 anavt~­
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npor UIOTEr I EntotoH<: 
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s:at Aotn4 untpo6upova ouot~µata yta tq µ£t66oori 6t6optnv ~ nAl)p1111h <ou11n£ptAa118avo11tvn 
av autoµa to not qµtvn tpan£ ~ l dv tpyaolh cal lo11c: trt<: riAt npov u~c: avtaUay~c: 6£6ophn -
EDI>. 
Itq 6uvop~ epnopnµhn un6pxu pup6npoc: tppuoc: avtaynto1.16c: A6y11 tou 6u O£ 6hc: uc: 
neputtoe u; ta epnope 6pata nptnu va 1natt6vouv •c: uA u~ un6otaoq crt.o ERl tupqt6 oqpe lo. 
Dhnc:, Ol unqpeolec: taxu6popelou anaynl(onu ~ ouvepy6tovtu nqv ayop6 avt~ pe 4Uec: 
AeLtoupylec: petafop•v -6nou oupneptlaµ86vovtat petatoptctc: etatplec: 1at Aotnol yevt1ol 
6te1nepat1ttc: pttatop6v. Mtoa oto ne6lo 6p6oqc: ttv unqpeot6v taxu6poµelou un6pxet oqpavtt16c: 
anay1vtop6c: µnaU uv pnatophv utnuy6nn ut pq 6ephn, uUc: Ul pnaU av 
6qpool1v cat t6lttt16v topt1v e1pet6Aleuoqqc;. 
Ytlotavtat tpuc: dptot 6tatopetuol t6not unqpeoth taxu6poµElou : tnLotoHc:, Upata ut 
Katentlyovta. A6ye µq oat6v opLoptv un6pxouv oqµavtt1tc: aAAqAotnLcaA6teLC: peta~6 ttv 
unripeoLh auth CBAtnt KEtdA:uo 3, nap6ypato 3.4>. 'Onou utlotavtat auto6 tou el6ouc: 
aA-AQAotnu:aA6teu: un6pxtt anayntop6c: µnaU uv unqptoth taxu6popdou <A6you x6pq pnaU 
roe: unqpeolac: entotoALctv na1tt1v 1ot ti)( unqpeolac: 6tp4t11v>. EntnAtov, ot unqpeolec: 
uttn£LY6vuv anayev{tovtu euthc: uc: UlotOAtdc: unqpulec: <na tq 6Lavoµ~ eyyp6fn> UL 
tlC: ouv~tElC: unqpeoltc: 6ep6t1v> yta tq petafop6 tpnoptup61wv>. 
3. DEAATEI 
Ot ntAdttC: txouv tl<: £~atoptK£uptv£c: av6yct<: tou<;, auttc 6p11c tlval nLtav6v 6tt &a 
6tapoptvfo6v av6Aoya p£ tlC unqptoltC: nou np6ypatt npoottpovtal. Ot unf)ptoltc au1tc: tv6tx£tat 
va avtanocplvovtaL OE ~6f) uttotdp£Vf) evepy6 ~~tqoq, ~. Otf)v n£pln111oq vhv unf)p£oth, 
£v6tX£tat va ouµ86Aouv otqv t6vwoq pla<; npoqyouptv1<; _Aav&4vouoac: ~~tf)oqc:. 
3.1 ARAITHIEII TON OEAATOI 
BaolK~ ana(tf)Of) E(Val 6Aot ot noACtt<: va txouv np6o8aoq OE unqpEoltc taxu6popt(ou. Elvat 
on11avttt:6 Yla touc nttavo6c: xp~ottc va yvvpl~ouv 6tt yta 6Aouc touc: tv6tx6ptvouc 
napaA~nttC: un4pxet np6o8aon pto1 tou ouo1~pa1oc: t:a3oAts:~c unqpeolac. 
'OAoL ot nEAchtc ava~ttto6v tuvotr6 ouv6uao116 unt)ptoth/tt11~c. fta to 06otri11a t:aOoAu.:~<: 
unripcolac Toho nep1Aa1Jlhtt uavonotritu~ E~unriphtJOIJ, hETEC ouva~u:c np60Sao11c rat 
anA~ 6tdpfpt101) tt110Aoy(tv. 
Ot ntAht<: 1J£Y4Artc s:Al11uac tntfuµoh ot topclc napox~c: unriptoth va 6u:attouv tutAt(la 
rat, 6nou s:p(vttat os:6ntµo, va npooapp6~ouv ta nadta un11peoth ottc avdyt:tc av 
£t:dotott opyavlOIJ'V touc:. 
~~t~~qtq_~-~-t~Rqet~t(_[l~!t( ___________________________________________________________ q~!t~~-~7 
J.2 TAtH XPHIIROUOIHIHI TON YUHPEIION 
Ta n£ptoo6ttpa npo(6vta Kat unqpEolE< txouv tvav dido (.i~c tnclta an6 TrJ tdon 
1p(µavon<: t£lvouv npo<: tr)v nt,OrJ. Oot6oo, napd 10 yEyov6\ 6tl noAAt<: unqp£o(£<: 
1axu6poµtl1v txouv t6puttl npo noAAo6, f) ano6ox~ tou<: EK µtpou<: Ttv xpf)oT'v talv£tat va 
£{Val otaftp~. AVtlfttt<:, 6t6oµtvou 6tl £{Val ~6q KQflEPWIJtVE(, 6£V np6K£ll0l VO un6p(€l 
tcpqctlK~ 6vo6o<: otqv ano6ox~ tou<: EK µtpou<: twv xpnot'v Katd tov 1p6no nou napatqp~tqKt 
np60fatG IJE 1l( OUOK£Ut<: tr)hOIJOlOTUn(a(. l:TO J:x~pa 2 napada EIJ,QV(~OVTQl Ol t60£l<: 
autt<: 6taypaµµattKd. 
H Olaftp6tf)TO OUT~ Otr)V ano6ox~ £K ptpou<: av XPfJOTh £v6htTOl va ouyKaA6nttt Tr)V 
av6yicq av "napa6oot adv" unripto th 1axu-6poµd en y ta ouvn~ £(Ht(~ 1ou<: <A6you x6pri, 
OTOV tp6no 6lOXh£UOIJ<: av unqptoth TOU<: Otl)V ayop6). Kal YlO Tr)V avhtu(f) 6H1v 
unqptol'V -6nt\ tt<: Uftf)PEO(E<: KQTETitly6vt1v. 
~xfi~g_l : T6ott<: ano6ox~<: 11v unnptot'v 
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__..---"~---- AEHATA EOTEPIKOY 
-------~~--.:.-.t..L~_o EHIITOAIKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
--------~OTEPIKOY -·· ____ ,_ ........ !""'•:--·~--
KA TEflE If ONT A/ i 
I 
AI AffEAIAtOPOY / 
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6oanla 
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XPONOr 
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naptAa8E 268 1axu6poµlKd avttKE(µEva Katd to 1990 <243 Katd TO ttoc 1988>. ruyKpttltd, o 
µtooc noAltn<: twv HOA naptAaSE 659 TEµdxla ETnolwc. 
Evt6c Tfl<: Kotv6Tqta\ undpiouv EupclEc 6laKuµ6voEtC 01n xpnolµonolnon. To rx~µa 3 
napaKdTw napouolO~El Tqv Ka16 KEQaAnv xpnctµonolnon oc ~d3E Kp6Toc µtAo\. Tri cuyKp(vct 
Q.tH~L~fi- ________ -----------___________ .. ________________ -----------------~~,~~'! ~LL~-~~.!!~£!..~tC!l.l~!t~ 
npo<: to ArnUptoto i:atd u•aMv Erx~pto Opo(6v. Ytlornrnt dnot0u d6ou<: ouoxclloi,16<: 
µcta(6 tou i:at6 KEtaA~v AEn r:at tq<; xpqoti,ionolqoqc;. <Ot apt~i,io( nou XPQOllJOnot~fqKav yta 
tq 6tat6nioq tou ox~i,iato<: nptpxov1at an6 to Dapdptqµa 2, ntvata<; 6>. 
Enlnc6a taxu6p6µqoq<:/tat6 KEtaA~v AEn <1988> 
taxv6pOlJll6 QVTllEllJEVQ 
ut6 &:EtaMv 
700 -----. 
600 . ·····. 
600 -· 
300 
200 
OR P E lhL I 0 UK F Q L NL OK EC USA AED Ka1d KEtOA~v 
. ........ 260 
200 
t60 
60 
l ~ avtti:clucvo i:atd i:ctaA~ ~~ 6Elrtq<; AEn i:atd rctaA~v 
< \J. o . H = 2 4 4 av t l K€ l u c v a ) ( fA t>. H -1 o o ) 
_______________________________________________________________________________________ ] 
3.3 AfOPH 
Ot napai:dt~ nlvai:a<: 1 i:al 2 napouold(ouv un6 cupclav tvvota tqv ta(lv6µqoq avdAoya µc to 
not6<; anoo1t.Uct 1axu6poµtr:6 av1lr:Eli.icva a:at not6<; ta napaAai.iBhct. O nphoc; 16no<; 
napouotd{ct tq o6v&con anoo10Atvv rat napaAqn1'v cntotoA,v, cv' o 6c61cpoc; yta 6ti.ia1a. 
ltttA1lq_!_~-~u1q~tllt_R1!1t~-----------------------------------------------------------~~~t~~-~~ 
IPOI 
OPfHIIllOI IAIOTEI 
HO 
~AIIIB~l-~-----------~~l-------~-----_!~l-----
1 IQI&! _________________ !!! ____ ~---------1!! ___ ~ 
Rqy~ E1tlpqoq EEK <1991> 
OPOI 
OPf HIUOI IAIOTEI 
ADO 
Qf[AM!tftQl ______________ Z~!---------------~!! ____ _ 
_ !A!~I&t __________________ ~! _______________ l!! ____ _ 
Oqy~ EKtlpqoq EEK <1998) 
Ot avaA6ott<: autt< trJC teatd i.itoo 6po ta(tv61JQOrJ<: KaA6ntouv orurnvttd\ 6tuui.idvot:LC; 
1Jtta(6 av icpath IJEAh. rtov nlvaica 3 ti.itavl~ovtat ta nooootd av EntotoUv nou 
npotpxovtal an6 opyavtoµou<: Cnou avattpovtat Evlou avuptU\ w\ "rnayyt>.µaHK~" ayopal 
rat aut'v nou npotpxovtat an6 t6l,t£\. 
~t!i~q_I~-----------------------------------------------------------~~t~!q1~_i_~-~~R~~1~t~_[l~!t~ 
lltyq~qt_~-~---[~qt~~~qa_1q~-~r~q~-1~~-~R1q1q!i~----------------------------------------
______________________ [QtQtilAlA_~lAtllQ~A_IQY_Q[KQY_rq~-~rrr tIQ~q! ____________________ _ 
lPATH 
fttAI__________________ _ ___________ qe[~~!tftq[____________ _ _____________ !l!qltt ____ _ 
BHyto 
6avla 
feppavla 
EU66a 
Ionavla 
raula 
IpAav6la 
ItaUa · 
Aou~t11806pyo 
Utt Upec; 
noptoya~la 71,U 
6e,n 
76,U 
58,5t 
75,n 
81,5t 
69,n 
56,2t 
11,n 
86,U 
79 t 9t 29,n 
u,n 
23,6t 
49,5t 
25,n 
18,5t 
J1,n 
43,St 
29,n 
u,n 
2e, n 
H~~-ii~1A!1~-----~--- ________________ 1!~~--------------- ~-------------2~~~! _____ _ 
Rqy~ : MeAttq Sofres -1988 
3.4 TRHKATA IOI AfOPQI 
H napan6n av6Auoq anoKaA6nu t tr) ouvoA uc~ £ u6va. o nlvuac; 4 napouol6~u 
Aentopeptotepa tqv ta(lv6"qoq ttv n£Aattv-opyavto11'v av4 £RlXtlpqotar6 topta. 
Opaypatonottltal o6yrptoq µtta(6 tr)<: n£lpac; nou txouv Ol Taxu6poptrtc; Ynqpeolec; an6 tQV 
ayop6 <nplt1c; µe tqv napox~ av £nlotoAtdv unqp£olh> ral aut~<: av t6Utldv tophv 
£Kp£t6AAeuoqc; <Kupl1c; µt tqv napox~ unqptot'v 6t"d11v Kal rattntty6vtt1v>. 
Il!~!!!t_! : noooottala avaAoyla t1v Kupl1v ntAat'v 1nc: lOlVOtll~C: taxu6poµtK~<: ayopdc; 
DEAATHI TAXY6PORilEI IAIQtllOI tOPEII 
IlIH[~~!l _______________________________ xnuett!&t __________________ &!ft&Il~A&ItHt ___ _ 
Taxu6popuctc: napayydltc; 15t 2n 
6tathtoq 12t 15t 
I6noc; 28t St 
Tp6nt tt<: 18t 14t 
AotdAE t £<: let 9t 
Aqµ6ott<: unqp£oltc; ( rqµ£ ( IOr) 1) let Nia 
Btoµqxavla < In1Jt lion 2) St 2St 
YR~!q1nq ________________________ ~-----------1~! ___________________________ 1ii _______ _ 
I ~-Y_K_Q_A_Q _____________________ l __________ lttl __________________________ ll!l _______ _ 
tqµ£(Moq 1 Opto1JtV£( 6qp6ot£<: 6tOllr)ttrtc: unqp£olt~ r6vouv xp~on t6till«'v unqptot,v, 
at ouvoAtr6 aptAQtto noooot6. 
Ir)1Jtl1on 2 Ot r6ptot 8to1Jnxavtrol ntA6t£<: tlvat ot to~tl<: t1v autortv~t1v, ttv qA£rtpo­
vtr'v unoAOYlOl'V KQl t~V nttptAatOEt6,v. 
Oqy~ MtAt1n Sofres 
lttiAq12_!_~_tY~Q~1~tt_[!lltt ___________________________________________________________ Qf!l~q_Il 
'Onie: Enloqpdvtql£ napandv1, Ol Taxu6popllt( napayy£Al£(, ri 6taf~µton <oTriv ntplnTwori 
aut~ IJE tqv hvota tn dpEon nd~ouv> nt ot u:660HC: £lval ot tp£lC: oriµavttK6upot 
xp~at£~ t1v taxu6poptr'v unqpeol,v. ta pEpov1µtva autd tµ~pata ayaA6ovTal AtntoµEptoTEpa 
0111 ouvtu u. 
3.4.1 TAXYAPOBIKEI DAPAffEAIEI 
Ot 1axu6poµu:tc; napayydltc; anoaAo6v tl)V "nUooq eµnopeuµhn E( anoot6ouc;" 
evaAAGK1lK6 IC: npoc; tlc; AtaYlctc; TIIA~OElC: (Ql ElYOl EY01µa11ptvec; 10U toµta tlV 
taxu6popel1v. Ot 1axu6poµlctc; unqpeo(ec; pnopo6v £6' va nap4oxouv tq 6uvat6tqta ayop'v 
an6 p(a nqy~ yu ttc; £TCllptlec; uxu6poµtdv napayyeAth -enu:otvn(a PE tov ndchq, 
6tavop~ ca1aA6you, anootoA~ avttypdttv rlvooqc; Aoyaptaop•v cat 6tavoµ~ t1v EµnopEuµd11v 
<10 teAeutalo avaAaµBdvetat ''pa OE au(av6pEvo 8afµ6 an6 tov t6t1ttc6 topta>. 
Ot 1axu6po1urtc: napayydlec: dpxtoav •<: 61t(o6oc: fl« tq 8loprixavla £v66auc;. Upa txouv 
uenafe l at UAouc; 101.1El c;, an6 touc; ono( ouc; o 1axhepa au(av6µ£voc; en L tou nap6vtoc; 
£(Val Ol RIA~OElC: E( anootdOEIC: tqc; µoUOlK~c; <trJflQKOl 6(0KOl), tOlVl,V, <BlvtEO) KQl 
Aoytop u:6 unoAoy t oth < 6 torhttc; >. Iuyyn~ toµta ano1do6v o l unqpeo l EC: "npUqoqc; £ ( 
anoo16oe1c;" nou npooftpovTal an6 oxoAtc; aAAqAoypatlac;. 
Ot 1axu6poµtKtc; napayyeAltc; npooftpouv ti) 6uvaT6tqta av1ay1vtoµo6 µe etatpelec; AtavtK'v 
neMouv. Ml a 6 l apd( aru1avu r6upri 6 t dotao~ touc; ev6tt l TrJC: tvvo tac; ayopdc; d val 6H 
naptxouv 6lattolprJ 6taouvoplaK~ np6o8aori ot eµnopt6µata ta onola tv6txoµtvwc; 6tv elval 
6tattotpa tontcd. 
AptfJH}lld 6t6optva yla TrJ Stoµqxavla 1axu6poµtdv napayytAth TrJ( Kotv6trpac; txouv 
Aqfttl an6 la en1d K?d1q µtAn nou 6tatt1ouv tt<; µtyaA6ttpt( ayopt<; taxu6poµtK'v 
napayytAt'v <BtAyto, Aav(a, ftpµav(a, faAA(a, ItaA(a, Katw X'ptc; lOl Hvwµtvo Bao(Atto>. 
Ta ouvoAtKa too6a twv 1axu6poµlc'v napayyeAt'v OTlC xjptc; auttc; av~A3av ot ntp(nou 26,4 
6totcatoµµ6pta ECU Kat6 to 1989. 10610 avttototxo6ot npoc; 8,71 tou AEn aut'v twv rpat~v 
µeA,v. IuyKplttKd, Kat6 to 1989 ot taxu6poptKt<; napayytA{tc; ottc; x'p£( EZEI av~A~av ot 
ntp(nou 3,6 6t0£Katoµµ6pta ECU, Oll( HOA 0£ 123 6tO£KQT0µµ6pta ECU (Ql OlflV Ianwvla 12,6 
6t0£Katoµµ6pta ECU. 
O nlvua<; 5 napu6a ouvo•HEl ta apttµrpud 6t6oµtva nou txouv napaoxe3d an6 Tflv 
Eupwnatr:~ 'Evwoq Eµnoplou 6ta Taxu6poµtK'v OapayytAt'v <EKOTA> yta ta tnt6 Kp6tri µtAri µE 
TOY µtya~6ttpo r:6r:Ao tpyaot•v, Kat ta ouyr:plvtt µ£ 6t6oµtva yta TflV EZEI, tqv Ianwv(a 
r:at tt<: HHA. 
~l!l~q_ll ___________________________________________________________ ~~tq!qt~_!_~-t~[~~t~t~_[!!lt~ 
K6KAO( Epyaol•v ttv taxu6poplK'v napayyEAt•v Kata to 1989 <oE tKat. ECU> 
. ------------------------------~----------------------------
IYIOAO IYIAOY UTA lEtAAHI 
IOPA EPf AIIOI lYlAOI EPflIIOI 
------------------------------ __________ ll!ll~-t~~l_______ _ _________ it,ll __________ _ 
BUylo 535 55 
Aavla 522 112 
f ep11avla 12 284 199 
raAAla 5 585 188 
ItaUa 127 28 
K6t1 X6pt( 788 53 
H!!Yi!2_l12i!112______________ -------------~-~~~---------- ____________ ii ___________ _ 
!i!2A2_1!!!_1_!2i!i!_Yi!Avl ___ ------------1!_!1~---------- ___________ ll1 ___________ _ 
tx2A2_tl~t___________________ __ ___________ J_i~l__________ _ __________ 111 ____________ _ 
HOA 122 858 588 
[l[!!ll_______________________ -~----------lf _i!l__________ _ __________ ll! ____________ _ 
llD.l~ EMOTA 
3.4.2 AIAtHMIIH AIA TOY TAXYAPOKEIOY 
H 6lat~ploq 6la tou taxu6poptlou ntplAap84VEl tqv anootoA~ tv6( Kattufuv6ptvou pqv6pato( 
at ha ho po < d tt ti( l6 l hq £ l tt o dtoxo ouyu KP q1tvri< Hof)( OE hav opyav t op6), ti( 
pt po( pt a( otpatqy l K~( anootoM< nv l 6 l tv ~ napopo l n µf)vuµdav ot UAa ouyu Kpq1ha 
hopa. <Yndpxtt p(a 6Uq popt~ 6latnplouv 6ta tou taxu6poptlou nou htt ptKp6upq 
oqpaola ti( npo~ ta too6a, nou 6pt1( napaptvtt onpavttK~ -Pfl 6ttufuvolo6otqptvo 
taxu6popd o nou 6 t avtpna t ot ouyr:up t pht\ n tp t oxt\, napd OE ouyrup q1tva hop a L 
AtttoupyEl tnoptvt1( ptoa otqv ayopd 6lato1Jl0Evv/tntrolv1vtev. 
H 6ta,~ptof) 6la tou taxu6poptlou r:dAutt 10 11,7t tf)\ 6tatf)IJtOtll~\ 6andvf)\ Katd to 1989 
-6qAa6~ 6,4 6totKatopp6pta ECU ot o6voAo 54,5 6to. ECU. <O apt&p6\ aut6\ 6tv 
ntptAaJJShtt ta too6a nou 6111uoupy~fqrav an6 Pfl 6uufuvoto6otqptvri 6tat~l.llOfl 6ta tou 
•axu6po1.1tlou). Op6ctt1at yta 10 l6to oxt66v noooo16 6n1c 10 1984, nap6Aov 6tt fl ouvoAtc~ 
61 atlJIHOH i~ 6andvq auUfflKE 010 1.1na(6 r:atd an. O t apt fpo l auto l anoiaA6n1ouv 6t t ri 
6taf~ptoq 6ta tou taxu6poptlou ouppt1txtt tnl tou nap6vto\ iatd 8,15t 010 AEn 11)\ EK <1.1ri 
nEptAapSavoptvwv TWV l6lOlttp1v to66MV TVV 6tOtfll.ll01,V). 
~lt~&qlQ_!_~-t~[Q~t~lt_[l!llt ___________________________________________________________ ql!L~~-1J 
o µtoo<: n0Al1q<: 1n<: EK naptAa8£ ~3 1Eµ6xla 6lat~µloq<: ola 1ou 1axu6poµtlou Ka16 10 1989. 
tuyrpttlK6, o av1lo1olxoc; n0Al1qc; 1wv HOA naptAaBE y6pw 01a 178, ntplnou 1tootpt<: foptc; 
n£plooh£pa. 
An6 £Rl u tpqo tu~ clnofq, 11 6tat~IH 011 6ta 1ou 1axu6po11t tou d YQl noA6 oqpavt u:~ fl CI nc; 
taxu6po11 utc; Ynqpio lie; tl)C: lot vh111ac;. H 6 uufvvo to601qphq 6 tat~IJ lOIJ 6 ta tou 
taxu6poptlou cataAa86vtt tnl tou aap6v1oc; y6p1 010 18,St 1ou 6yco~ tpyaot'v 1ouc;. Elvat 
n t fav~ q a6~qoq 111c; 0111100 lac; tlJC: uUc: 6AAEc; nqytc; taxu6poi.atlou, u6u6upa late; 10 
tp~pa an6 tntulpqoq ai nutlpqof), n6huat va nt:ploploouv trJ ~~tf)o~ touc;. <BUne 
Ix~11a 1 otqv Dap4ypato 2 napan4v1.> 
3.4.3 ElAOTilH APAtTHPIOTHTA 
Ol unf)p£oltc; tnlotoAu:o6 taxu6po11elou tlval tnloqc; oq11avHctc; rat yta tov u:6otu:6 
cU6o. • OAtc; o l 6Qpoou6ouc; 11nopo6v va uxu6po11ofo6v -ttfJ11£P l6tC:, nip l 06 t d KQl 
BtBAla. H taxu6poptc~ 6tavo11~ 11v 6qpooti6ot1v av1ay1vl~ttal 1ouc; 6ta6Aouc; 11v Atavtciv 
n1Mouv, 6nttc; nc; nlA~o£ tc; an6 Bl U tontAtla ~ niplnapa, uUc; in loric: KO l 11e ta 
ouo1~pa1a 1onta:~c; 6tavo11~c: 11v £t1J1Jtpl61v~ 
H Federation Internationale de la Presse Periodique <FIPP> £Ktt116 61t ri ouvoAtc~ 
laxu6po1Jll~ 6tavo1-1~ t6nou tvt6c; trJC: Kotv6lqtac; avtputat tnl tou nap6vtoc; ot 15,2 
Ol0£KQlOIJIJ6pla 'tEIJ6XlO ETIJO(tc;. An6 10Y apt4116 QU'l6, ntplnou 921 avattP£10l OE 6tavoµ~ 
01q x~pa 6nou txtl napaxft( q 6qpooltuoq. 
En6~ an6 TIJ 6taKOlVOllK~ 6taOUVOPlOK~ TaXU6POIJlK~ 6tavoµ~ EV16nn QVTlKEllJtvWV (nou 
EKTlµ6tal OE 1,1 OlO£Ka1011116pla t£µ4xta), UtlOtQlQl Enloqc; KQl Of)IJQVTlK6 6tE&vtc; 
010 l xd 0. Iuya:op t 11tva Of)PE l hE ta l OIJIJOVTl K~ OIJt l l>poµq po~ DEP l 06 u:h IJEla(6 86pE tac; 
AIJEPlK~C KQl Eup,nf)c;. 
H xp~ori av 10xu6poµldv unqptoth yta tr) 6tavoµ~ 6qµoott6ouv noldAAEl µt1a(6 uv 
KpaTh 1.1£.Uv, £(ap1061JEVIJ ouv~hc; an6 1Q 6taHOllJQ YlO TO OKOn6 aut6 npOtl1JIJOlaK4 
rt1.10A6ytn <BAtnE 01riv nap6ypato 8.4 napaK6tv Kal 010 Oap6p1q1.1a 13>. TElvouv va 
ano6EtX~o6v Aty61tpo ano1tAtoµa1tKtc; yta ra&f)IJEPlvtc 6riµoott6oEtC, 6nou o £K661ric 
anat1tl nAnpri a(tonlo1la yta tf) 6tavo1J~. 
Opt~µtvEc, wo1600, ayoptc; -6nvc; au1n 1wv 6qµootc6otwv tCXVlKnc t6ocwc -6ta8ttouv 1nv 
nAEtotntla 1vv avtlt6nwv touc µtow 1ou 1axu6poµ£lou. Ot 1axu6poµlrtc; unripEolcc µnopoOv 
Ev ytvEt va anoTEHoouv lf)V anoTEAE01.101lr6TEpf) 1-1t&o60 6uHEOIJC 6f)IJOOt£6ocwv, dTE cdv 
np6KEt1at yla µtrp6 µcytan ElTE t6v ot ouv6poµf)ttc; t(vat 6ttonapµtvot. 
4. YRHPEIIEI tAI tOPEir EKMETAAAEY[HI 
~~!l~g_I!-----------------------------------------------------------~~tt!ql~_!_~-t~Rq~1!!t_Rl!l!t 
6t~a1a cal ta tat£nt(yovta. Yndpxouv, 8t8ala, dAAt<; unqpco(t<;, ot onolt<; tclvouv va tlvat 
t C tt t v6 ldµtot<; ptta(6 av KOtrJYOPl h au th < 6nti<; tt 6 u:t<; un~pco ( t<; 6 t avo1.1~<: tn totoAh -
" lettre expres• > ~ u8p t6 t d<; unqpult<: nou ouvapto6v tt <: un~pto l t<: 1axu6po11dou pt 6Ut<; 
poptt<: tntKotvvvla<; <yta nap66ttypa q taxu6poptl~ unqptola qAtKtpovt106 taxu6poptlou -8Atni 
Dap6p1qpa 12>. Ol Aotntc; avttc; uaqpuhc; 6tv tlvat t6talupa oq11avtLd<; dv Aflthl vn6tq ta 
tao6a nou npaypatonolo6v <ev6txetat 6p1( va aao8o6v ato ptllov aqpavttrt\>. 
Ta tlttp6piva tao6a an6 tlc; K6ptt<; catqyoplic; napouot6~ov1at 01ov DlvaKa 6. 
Il1!A!!t_! : Ynqpeoltc; 1axu6poptlov -£Ktlp6ptvo pepl6to to661v av6 ra1qyopla vaqpeolac; 
-------------------------- --------
llIHrOPIA tllY4POllilEI IAIOIIlOI tOPEII J:YIOAO 
YIHPEEIAI YRHPEEIEI ElKEtAAAEYIHI 
--------------- ______ ill~L-tkUl_______ -----------l~i~L-&k~l------- _______ ill~L-(k(l __ 
EDIITOAEI 21.1 1.8 22.8 
AEKATA 3.1 s.e 8.8 
tUtl[Q.(lA______ ----------lLl---------- ---------------l!Ll--------- ---------liLl-----­
tll~A~------------ ---------liLl---------- ---------------'tLl--------- ----~----!iLl------
ff q y~ : EEK (an6 6t6tOPt( nqytc;> 
Ot unqpeolt<; taxu6popelou avaftpovtat otq 1axv6po11tr~ pctatop4 nav16c; t6nou ovociuaot6v ptxpt 
86pov<; 38 rtltv. Oeptlap86vovv tntotolt(, tyypafa, nartta rat 6tµa1a rln. <BAtnt Rap6p1qµa 1 
fta Atntopepto1epo rat4Aoyo.> 
Ot Taxu6poput( Ynqpule( tlvat ot 6qp6otot taxu6po1-1uo( toP£(( u11u6Al£uaq( dh rphou( 
ptAouc;. H ncptypaf~ •t6uttuol fOPtl<: upu6Al£uoric;• clvat £up6upri. RcptAap86vu pty4Atc; 
£tatptlc<; I.IE oq1.1av1tro6( 6t£6vcl( 6yrov( 6tcrncpal1oqc; -6n1c; tt<: DHL, Federal Express, TNT 
(Ql UPS. Kal6nttl enloric; lGl 6Uovc; fOptl( upttUAtuori<; -6n1c; \1E1GfOPUt( ttatpE(t( -YlG 
tl( ono(E( ot 1axu6po1JtKt( tpyaolt<: Elvat 1p6nov ttvd ntpta1ptart<; we; npoc; tqv K6pta 
anaox6Aqo~ tOU(. IE pla 1p(tq u1qyopla undyonat ot t6uttu:ol KOiHOttc; 6tp4uv cat 
t:at£ncty6vt1v, nou txovv 1qv 16oq ouyrtvtp1oq<; 11v tpyaottv 1ouc; at nap66ooq rat'olrov ota 
nAa{ota trJC c4vtr~<; tntrpd~tta<;. Itqv ttltvta(a aut~ ratriyop(a avaAoycl nttavtc; 10 p£yaA6tcpo 
noo6 Eo66n, np6ut 1at 611•<: yu rcnqyopla oc µq6Ao saaµ6 6ta,oponotqptvq, I.It noUtc; 
£tatp£l£c; nou ou1.11.1t1txouv 01qv ayop4. 
0•£lAtt va avaynptottl 6tt q 6thptoq 11na(O av ayoph rauntty6vuv Kat 6tphn tlvat 
r.6n1c; ooat~c:. '£tot, tvt o ovvoAtr6<; aptt1-16c: yta tov toµta tlvat arpt8~c:. ta £ntptpouc; noad 
r•a ttC unr)p£olrc; raHn£ty6vuv ut 6t11h1v <t6totttpwc; outtc; nou naptxovtat an6 t6uttuo6( 
fOptlc; ~llJtt6AAcu~ric:> E(YOl Kat'av6yrq npOOEYYlOtlKOl. 
~lt~A~t~_!_~_Eunq~lllt_n1!1tt ___________________________________________________________ ~~!l~~-1~ 
4.1 EDIITOAEI 
O t En unoA u:tc; unqpeo( E<; un6u: t na t we; En ( to nAd 010v 01a anoc:AE toll Kd 6 Hat ltl-tata av 
taxu6poµlc6v Ynqptol6v. to µlKP6 0000016 to661v an6 EnlotoAtc; nou ntpttpxEtat ot 
l6ll1llo6c; fOptlc; £lµ£tdAA£UOl)c; Ot£lA£TQl OllC: 6paotl)pl611)t£c; -£(1£ £Yl£Kplµtvtc; 
voµlp1c; ela 6xt -av fophv avnaxu6p611qoqc;, av l6uttdv 1axu6popuh unqptoth 
n6A11c; cat 11v av1aAAay6v eyypdt•v. <Ol 660 np6ttc; an6 ttc; -6paotqpt6tq1tc; auttc; 
t(£t6~0V1Gl OTO Ktt6Aato 5, nap6ypatoc; 9· Ol avtaAAaytc; eyyp6flV GVGftpfqrav OTO 
Ktt4Aato 3, Rap6ypafoc; 3.9.> 
t6pttva 11e u6tdc; tpnuc; Ota 6lhopa cphq pHq, q utha(q uv anoo10Ahv Ul 
napalqndv ouv~tlc; utotoAuo6 1axu6po11dou £lffavl~u hl Ol opyavlo11ol avaAa1186vouv 
Al yo 16v1 an6 10 an ttv avau q1hn nou anootHAonat < yu1 hntopeptoupq utavoµ~ 
8Atne Dlvaro 1 01qv Rap6ypafo 3.3 napan6vw>, aAA6 116vo to 451 11v napaAaµ8avoµtv1v. 
O Rlvacac; 7 napouot6(tl tlc; attltc; 1axu6p6µqoqc; 0611••va 11£ 6£tyµatoAqtla 10 1989. <Ia 
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dlpau. > 
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EnayytAµattK~ aAAqAoypaf(a 
HpoocA~ottc;/tt6onol~O£tc; ytyov61vv 
Dpoa1ntr6 µqv6µata/£UX£T~pta 
11Lll __________ d~iRl_i~~~R~~l!«Ul~~~~lq1_1q_t~l~rrql __________________________________ _ 
Dqy~ : AetypatoAqtla Taxu6poµlc:'v Ynqptot'v 
Oc; npoc; to 6taouvoptaK6 tntatoAtK6 taxu6poµtlo, q tv6oKotvotlK~ ayop4 nap~yay£ neplnou 
St tou t6dou tpyaoth av Taxu6poµtKh Ynnptolh rntd to 1998. Rp6K£ttat tnoµtnc; yta 
a(ta 6tou~ 1,6 6to. £CU. Edv npoot£0tl o'aut6 Kal to £~wKotvo1tK6 taxu6poµ£{o, 161£ to 
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avtpxovtat ntfav'c: ot 8,4 6lo. ECU tntnAtov. 
4. 2 AEftATA 
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0µ06. Ol ntptoo6t£PEC Taxu6poplKtc; Ynf)pcoltc; OfE(Aouv, ~c µtpoc TOU UOOXPEVtlK06 toµta, 
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Kat6 10 6uva16v 010 6lK4 1ouc: 6(Ktua ncplouAAoy~c: Kal 6tavo1.1~c;. fta optoptvcc: 6lavoptc:, 
t6tat ttpt1c 0£ dnottC: anoµupuophcc: ntptoxtc;, Ol t6utuol topdc; uµct6Unoqc; houv 
tq 6uva161q1a taxu6p6µqoqc: avtlK£tµtv1v ottc; taxu6poptrtc: Ynqpcolt(. 
Ot unqpcolcc 6tavoµ~c; 6tphn uncpuo6 av taxu6popuh Ynqpeoth antp£thtoav· Kat6 
ta tdcura{a ttri oo8ap~ 6oupao(a an6 tov tax6 pufp6 a6(qoqc; tov t6utu:o6 1011ta. 
Rp4ypatt, o ouvoAtr6c; 6yroc; 6ep611v nou 6ternepat•fqrav an6 raxu6poptrtc; Yaqpeolcc; cvt6c; 
rqc; Kotv61q1ac; clxc nt•ttK~ t6oq peta{6 1988 rat 1991, on6t£ t£Atr6 av1£01p6tQ q t6oq 
out~. nap6 to yoov6c; 6tt Ol Taxu6poputc; Ynqpcoh:c; ouv~hc; elvu ot nponopn6pncc; 
ctatpclcc: 01tc; cfvtKtc; touc; ayoptc; 6ep611v, to ouvoAtr6 pcpl6t6 touc; 01qv ayop6 
avtpxtTat Tipa oc 38t ncplnou. 
• Onwc; otr1v ntp l naoq uv unqpto th 6ephn £OIHP u:o6, ra l q 6 utv~c; ayop6 6£µhvv 
AttToupycl un6 ouv~~K£C: cA£6fcpou avtay1vtoµo6. Atatpcltat oc pctafoptc; £Rttavelac; <nou 
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taTtntty6v11v>. Ot Taxu6poµlrtc; Ynnptolc<: cntX£lpo6v va A68ouv µtpoc; otov av1ay1vlo1.t6 oc 
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twv avtayMvtot'v tou, ot onolot otq ouvtxcta cv6txctat va avaA48ouv 6t6,opc~ 
npno8ouUtc:. 'Etot, q ncptouUoy~ en( napayyEA(a, q napox~ ntotAocn mt q t~priori 
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6tGfOP£tlltC: 6an6vtc: av6Aoya PE TOY 6yro tpyaot'V ICGl 10 nt6lo 6p6oqc: 10U(. IqpaVTllCtC: 
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TOY fopta £lP£T4AAeuaqc:>. 
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OtOV ftEPlOPlOp6 tlV anotqK£UtlK6V TOUC: 6anavtv ~ µnopo6v va naptxouv dAAt<: 6tEUKOA6votlC: 
yta unoot~pl(Q twv 01pa1qytr6v tyKatpqc: 6ttrnepal1onc: <just-in-time) 11v ncAat,v. 
Ev6httat en(oqc: va npooftpto6v ot l6tot ~c p6vq nriy~ 6tdttoqc yta avdyuc: Alavu~c:. 
Ka~totAvtac: ttot ntpttt~ tqv av6yrn 6tat~pqoqc oqµel1v Atavtr~c: ayop6c 6nou fa 
erteAo6vtat µeptrtc: napaAaStc ptrp6tepav 6taotdoe1v. 
Mta tpltq ntptox~ 6uvdptl avtaywvtottro6 nAcovtKt~patoc tCvat o tKt£A1vtoµ6~ Cyta 
6taouvoptaic4 raxu6poµtK4 avrtrtlptva>. Ot ano6ortro( Xttptoµo( £Kt£A1vtopo6 E(aotaAC~ouv 
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nep t Up ta an6nnonc avtaywv tot uo6 n.Atovc Kt ~patoc an6 tax 6 HtEAwv t oµ6 fa Havt Aqfo6v 
JJETd TO 1992. 
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6vw aptfµ6 npotpxctat an6 6taouvoptartc unqptoltc. 
f\tyctat yta 1nv ayop6 av HRA 61l tlvat touUxtotov tptnAdota tf)C: rotvotu~c:. Ot 
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aptplKQVlKh EnLXElP~OUV. Oc: npoc llC anooTdOElC, noHtc an6 llC IJEtQKlV~OELC OTr)V 
ayopd 11v HRA t{vat nap6µottC pt 6taouvoptartc µEtartv~ott~ otqv £up,nq. To µtyeaoc lOl 
ri au(ouoa av6ntu(r) rric ayopdc av HfiA anotE>.o6v tv6Et(q 6tt fl r:otvoru~ ayop6 txEt va 
6tav6ott parp6 6p6µo nptv an6 tqv E(6vtAqoq tou 6uvaµtr:o6 rnc. 
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TNT, q onola, oupnEptAap8avoptv1v twv to66uv an6 1qv 4uyatptl~ tQC XP, cattXEl pepl6to 
nEplnou 221 trlc ayop6c, PE En6pEVEC E'tatpdtc tqv Federal Express cat tqv UPS nou 
ca1txouv y6p1 010 181 tQ<: ayop6c c6ft pla. Ot t6ttttcol fopelc ElPEt6AAeuoq( telvouv va 
E(El6llt6ovtal OE PEtGfOpt( Ell£ £yyp691v £11£ OUOlEUGOl6V Epnopt~p6t1v. H OHL, A6you 
x6pq, E(El6llE6EtQl OE tyypafa (Ql Q TNT OE epnopE6pata. 
0( npo( tl( 6taauvoptact( unqpeolt( cat£n£ty6v11v, ot cotvo1tctc taxu6poptct( Yaqptolt( 
catalap86vouv oxtttc6 p1cp6 pspl6to tQ( ayop6(. To pepl6to aut6 avtpxttat npo( to aap6v 
y6p1 oto 1U tou 6tdvo6( taxu6pop£lou s:attnu y6v11v nou npotpxnu an6 Tl( utptpou( 
xtpe(. Dtote6stal 6tt tva( an6 tou( tp6nou( a6(qoq( tou pept6lou auto6 npoa9tpstat pta1 
tQ( UNIPOST, pta( ave(Qptl)tll( statpdac nou t6p64qu 10 1989 an6 optopha 11U1J tQ( 
Euptnaic~( At60KEtlJ( taxu6popel1v KQl TqAETillOlVIVl6V <CEPT> (Ql 6AAE( OUV6£6sptvec 
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6taulptoq(. 
Ot taxu6poptct( Ynqpto{E( tQ( El elxav pEyaA6tepq Enttuxla oto to11eptc6 11v x1piv 1ou(, 
6nou 1JEp{6to 151 ~ Kat neptoo6upo 6ev anotdd PEPOvtlJho yqov6(. Ot 6ta6uaolt( Kat 
XElptopo( 6tavop~( KQTERELY6VttV taxu6poptcAv QVtlKEllJtVtV ROlKlAAouv P£ta(6 ltV 
taxu6poptctv Ynqpeot,v. Optoptvtc an6 au1tc naptxouv unqptoltc catEntty6vt1v nou elvat 
nMP•c t(apdpEVE( an6 10 6( nuo napox~c unqpto th yt v t K~C h uoqc u t Efappoy~c tou 
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tlvat OXE66v oAoclqpvttK6 avt(dptnta an6 to SaotK6 6lrtuo. 
5. XPHMATOOilOIOMl[A MEfEOH 
To KE,6Aato 5 E(£Td~H ta £ntXttpqotaKd Kat otKovopt.:6 6t6optva nou anotEAo6v tq Uoq uv 
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Kat too6a 11v ,ophv £KpttdHtuoqc. ApxtK6 napatl3Evtat ot apttµol nou napouotd~ouv tqv 
oqµEptv~ Katdotaon cat otn ouvtxtta, otqv napoypafo 5.2, E(Etd{ovtat ot nttavtc £ntnt,o£t<: 
t~V opaT'V TdOEWV. 
5.1 rHMEPllH lATAITAIH 
Etov nlvau 8 napouou\~Etat 0 6yroc Epyaoth lOl ta too6a liV KOlVOttdv Taxu6poµu:h 
Ynqpcot'v ratd to 1988. <napoAtlnovtat ta 5 6totKatoµµ6pta µq 6ttutuvoto601qptva 
taxu6popu6 avttulpEva nou tnloqc 6tEKntpatUqKav ra16 to hoc aut6, 6t6oµtvou 6tt 
TE(vouv OE napapopflttKd anottAtopata.> 
~lt~!qlq_!_~-t~nqet1tt_rr1~1t~-----------------------------------------------------------~t!t~~-I~ 
Ill!~!~t-~ : 'OyKot Kal too6a Taxu6poµlK'v YnijpEot'v <1988> 
------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
lPATOI EDIIIOAEI AERATA UTEDElfOITA EIOAA 
l~Ag~--------- ___ !U!_!!!Yng!____ ---------------
-------------- ____ i!l12lti211___ _ __ t111q««!211_ _ __ {!llq««!2ll_ _t111ql1~211_t~y_ __ 
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HY~_i!~i!!!Q__ _ ____ !~-11.!______ _ _____ l!l_____ _ _____ !!~!~---- _____ !_!!~---------
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Rqy~ : Melttq Sofres 
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00006 ptta~6 t1v tupl1v napay6vt1v Kat ouyKplvovtat ta npaypatonoto6µeva otqv lotv6tqta 
too6a µE ta avtlotolxa nayKoopl•<:. 
Ill!Q!Q~_! : IuvoltK6<: K6KAO<: Epyaottv TEOOGp1v pEydA1v l6l1TlKtv topt1v EKPET6AAEUOQ<: 
_______________________ Q!_~!Q!!Q!Q~Y!21g_~~~-i!iil> _________________________________ _ 
tOPEAI RArKOIMIOt KOINOTHTA 
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OHL 
TNT 
UPS 
Federal Express 2 
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IijpE(1oq : Ta pep(6ta tqc: ayopdc otqv Oap6ypafo 4.3 napan6v1 avaftpovtal p6vo otq 
6taouvoptal~ ayop6 ratEnEty6vt1v : 6Ev ouoxEtl{ovtal Eno~tv~<: PE ta noo6 
nou napouot6~ovtat E6,. 
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5. 2 TAIEir 
To taxuopopd o d val n l tav6 va napapd vE t ptoo pa~ t K~C rn uo l vn lac; y la dt £ Hal pd a 
nou txtt av6yKq µEtaSlBaoqc; pty6Aou aptfpo6 ptpov1ptvMv µqvuµdt1v, oto to1ttpt«6 tQ<; 
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nou ta avtlypata clvqoqc; Aoyaptaopo6, ot avavttattc; t1v povlp1v tvtoAtv, ot avayyeAlec; 
lata8oA~c; aotaAlotpev, ot nAqp1ptc; ptptop6t1v, cAn. nptntt va anoattAAovtat at 
6tatoptttctc; t1601ott 6ttut6vatt(. 
Tm np6atata tt~ota noooat6 a6~qaqc; tou 6ycou tpyaat•v t1v taxu6poptctv unqpeattv 
napouot6~ovtat otov Dlvaca 11. 
lllY.U!lL_ll 
(1985-1989) Taxu6poptctc; Ynqptoltc; Dp6atattc; tt~o l £( dot l c; 6yuu epyaoth 
tPATH llEAH 
BUylo 
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~] 
Atv undpxouv nMpn ototxda yta tn ftpµavla s:at tt<; Kdu Uptc;. Ot 
apttµol anottAo6v npoSoA~ an6 µu:p6upn xpovts:~ ntplo6o 
anos:Atlotqs:av yla tov oxn11atloµ6 tou µtoou 6pou. Yt'aut6 
Eqµ.2 H TlP~ yta tqv Ionavla anottAEl npoBoA~ an6 tnv ntplo6o 1984-1988. 
llrrrn Taxu6poµts:tc; Ynqptoltc; 
A6yM TOU E11DlOT£UTlK06 xapan~pa TOU<;, ta apttµrpud OTOlXda OXETlKd 11£ Tl<; TdOEl<; OTOU<; 
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taxu6poµc(t1v AaTc va npayµaTonotqfo6v rotvt< npoSoAt< co66t1v yta oA6rAripo Tov Topta. Ot 
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npo8An6pna ouv6uaoptva anottUopna uv t6ouv auth napouol6~ovtu otov Dl vara 11. 
<Ot npo8oAtc auttc 6txovtat 6tl 6ev txouv npoK6tet pe1a80Atc oto voptr6 Kafeo1tc 
onotao6~no1e an6 tlC unqpeolec>. 
Tptxovta ral npo8Acn6pcva pcpl6ta to66iv <6lO£Katopp6pta ECU Kol nooooTd> 
TllHllA tOPEAI ElllETAAAEYIHI TPEXON SETHI OPOBAEIH 11ETHI DPOBAEIH 
------------- ____ iIHH&!~tH_!l____ ---------- -----~----------- ---------------------
EDU:TOAEI -TY 21. 8 24.3 28.2 
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AEMATA -TY J.8 4.2 5.9 
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KATE DE If ONT A -TY 2.8 3.2 5.2 
------------- _____ :_!!___________ _ __ l!~t___ _ ________ ll~~----- _______ J~~J _________ _ 
IYNOAO -TY 26.8 31.7 39.3 
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MEPIAIO -TY 57t 51t 45t 
_____ :_!!___________ _ ___ !J!___ _ _________ !~;_____ --------~~! _________ _ 
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It I6ltltlKOl toptlc Erptt6AAtUOr)< 
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6. XAPA[THPIITI(A THr YRHPEIIAr OI RPOI THI OPOIBArH 
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1ov 1p6no XPOOQC touc· 
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q 11t3o6o<; 1axu6p6µqoq<; twv av1tKEtµtvwv. 
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tKl.ltt6AAtuoq<; 6taftpouv an6 auto6<; 111v Taxu6poµtK•v YnqpEot,v. AE6oµtvou 6tt 6Aot ot 
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tn unqptoth. 
rta optopht( ntptndou<; 106to tox6u tnloq<; rat yta Tl( unqpeolt<; nou npoottpovtat an6 Tl( 
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6.1 IAIOillOI tOPEII ElKEIAAAEYIHI 
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ndtouv va Tt<: xpqotponoto6v. 
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6.2 TAXYAPOMIKEr YOHPErIEr 
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ntAa1~v 01a iaxu6poplr6 ra1ao1~11a1a Kal, np6ypa1l, q cuytvtla tou npooinlK06. 
fta Touc 11tl{ovtc ntA6uc, ato6 houv anotaolott va XPIJOq1onot~oouv p(a unqpula, ot 
ouvf~uc np6o8aol)C OllC: taxu6pop utc: Ynqpto l £C: pnopo6v va £l val o t l6 uc: PE ante: nou 
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6uvat6tqta xp~oqc: oupBaudv 6uuuA6vouv nou nuptnouv tqv uptouUoy~ tou 
1axu6popElou touc: 1at, ottC: nEptoo6tEPEC: xAPEC:, tqv nlqp1p~ tvavti.Aoyaptaopo6 yta tup6 
noooot6 11v xpqotponotouptv1v unqpEotAv 1axu6pop~lou. 
Ot Aotnol ntA6ttC: nAqpAvouv ta 1axu6popt16 touc: 1tlq npo1a1a80AtcAc:. DtA61tc:-opyavtopol 
pnopo6v va c6vouv xp~oq pqxavAv nponAqp1p~c: 1axu6poptco6 1tAouc: pt pqxavti~ e116n1oq 
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1axu6popE(1v yto va anocT~oouv nloTIOIJ yta ti) xp~oq t1v pqxav6v. 
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ayop6~ovta t an6 ha nMaoc: oqpdn Al av t K~C: nU11oqc: rat 6x t p6vo an6 ttC: unqpEO l EC: 
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KQTOOT~pata, aut6 lOX6El Ttpa yta TO BtAyto (Ql Tl')V DoptoyaA(a.) 
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6.2.1 OPOTETOIMArlA TAXVAPOHEIOY 
rxt66v 6Atc ot Taxu6po1.1tKtC Ynnptolcc cvaapp6vouv touc ntl6ttc touc va avaA68ouv 
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6.2.2 nPOYnOeEIEII TAXYAPOMHIHI 
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6£6Hpfl r:Adon. 
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7. XAPA[THPIITllA THI YRHPEIIAI : DOIOTHTI TOI DAPEXOMEIOI YDHPEtIOI 
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npoo6orlec 1ouc: an6 tnv unriptola. 
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3. Tlp~ flQ ERlOTOA~ np,TQC KA4ooc 84pouc twc 68 g. 
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2.78 5.18 8.98 
2.18 4.28 5.88 
3.88 4.88 6. 90 
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TAXYAPOMIKH 
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9.2 ITPATHrllH EIAITI TOI DEAATOI 
H cat6pyqoq tlV TEAtVEtac•v £Atyx1v, OE ouv6uaop6 PE TOY ntptoptop6 TIV TEXVl«6v fpayp6v 
Eto66ou OE EOvtctc ayopt(, fa 8£Att•ott OE pEy6Ao 8atp6 tqv £UEAt~l4 ttv opyavtop•v otqv 
EntAoy~ tycat6otao~c tOU(. To yeyov6c aut6 ta EnqpEaattl pt tq ottp6 tou an6 tqv av6ycq 
ouyctvtp1oqc 6paotqptot~t•v pt ocon6 an6ctqoqc ptyaAuttptv ea661v cAlpaco(. 
Anottleopa 11v napan6ve elvat 6tt ot £tatpElEc pnopo6v va tonoftto6v tl( 6paotqpt6tqttc 
tou( pacp6upa an6 tqv ayop6 nou t~unqpnoh, r:at, nptypau, an6 UAa tp~pata av 
opyavtop•v nou E~unqpeto6vtat an6 ttc 6paotqpt6tl)tE( autt(. 
Au106 tou £l6ouc 01pa1qyutc qcat601aoqc, ouc onolEc q npoonTLc~ tou 1992 fa 66ott 
A&qoq, &a npocaAtott oto ptAAov tqv •6taouvoptac~· ptta~6 cpat6v ptA6v 6tE(ay1y~ noAA6v 
un11ptoth, o t onol £( Elva t o~pepa £U6P l£C. Itqv 16oq aut~ nptnt t va npoottfE l cat 
8t8at6tqta 6tt 10 1992 ta auUo£L tov 6ys:o tou tpnoplou ptta(6 av s:path µtUv ut fa 
ra1ao1~0£t 6Atc ttc •Eyx•pttc• ayoptc ntptoo61epo av1ay1vtotts:t(. 
KaA6 nap66ElTIJ« yta tqv nttav~ tfapµoy~ autiv 11v 01pa1qytc6v eyratdotaoqc npoottpouv ot 
xpqµa1oolcovoµtctc unqptoltc, Eltt PE tqv n6Aqoq unqpEot6v oE nEAdtEC ~ µE tqv 
E (unqphf)o~ touc \JE h6ooq Tl µoAoy l IV, anoonaoµhn u v~ouc Ao yap taoµo6, KAn. O l 
opyav t oi.:o ( avaptv£Ta t va ouyunpono t ~oouv 6 t apdc Tl c EYKataotdoE t c av tn t XE l prio ta dv 
6paOtr)plOT~TWV t~V XPOPGTOOllOVOµlKAV TOU( UDr)pEOl,V, 6taOtaA(~OVTO( 6tl Ol 
tyKatOOTGOEl( auttc ouvtxl~ouv va £DlKOlVMV06V anottAtopattlQ PE ODOlE06~nOt£ ovt6tr)T£( 
~ np601na anattq&tt <6n1c 6AAa t6p6µa1a, dAAouc tOP£l( nAopofoptAv ~ nEAdtEc>. 
fta va ano6Aoouv au106 tou E{6ouc Ol otpaTQYlKt( anatto6vtat avuntp&t11c anottAtoµattKol 
6lauAot tnticotvwvtAv -ouµntptAaµ8avoµtvwv twv 6taouvoptac,v. Ano6otlKol 6lauAot 
6tavop~c tlvat tnloqc anapaltl')tot Yta Ka1a0Ktuao1tc iat •n•ArJTtc t~ anooidotwc" 
<t6tatttpwc Etatptltc 1axu6poµtc•v napayytAt•v>. 
9.J DPOIAOlIEI ION REAATOI ARO Tir YDHPEIIEr ION IAXYAPOREIOI 
fta va avtanoicplhh ottc avdyuc touc yta tntrotvwv(a icat 6lavoµ~ oTo analtf)tu6ttpo 
tnlnt6o nou uno86Uttat an6 tlC noALHKtc touc yto 10 1992, ot EtatptlEC rnt ot Aotnol 
opyavtoµol &a XP£tao&o6v ano6oTlKtc unqptoltc taxu6poµtlwv ot 6Aq tl')v tKtaoq tl'JC 
Kotv611')1ac icat pt icat6AAqAri tuEAt~la. 
Ito x~po TQC 6uvop~c. napa6dyµnoc x6pl'J <6nou Atttoupyo6v unqptolEc 6tphn tat 
rattntty6v1wv 6tµ4Twv>, fa 6ta6ott( ntptoo6tEpo l'J ttapµoy~ noAlTlK'v tyKatpqc napd6ooqc, 
raUc Ol oTpatqytdc "anoµupuoµtvqc qra16otaoric" nou n.:pqpdfqicav otqv napdypato 9.2 
EVlOX6ouv tl')V av6yKr) 6laT~Pl')OrJC ano&EµdTWV OTO EAdXlOTO EflKT6 tnlnt6o. 
~~tq!qt~-~-~-~~[q~t~t~_[l~!t~-----------------------------------------------------------~t!l~~-~~ 
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Eh ol unr)pEolE<: nou npoo,tpovtat OE 6taouvoptarnu<; npooptoµouc uno>.dnovtat on1rnvttKO 
outh nou noptxovta l oTo EOttHP u6 \Ho<; Eh u:~<: En u:ph El o<; ~ nEp t f tpE la<;, d vol 16TE 
Rl8GV6 Ol R£A6t£<; VO 6UOOVOOXET~OOUV lOl VO OVO(f)tnoouv EVOllaKTlKQ µtoo EnllOlVttV(O<; n 
6tGYOtJ~<;. 
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autt<; Tt<: au(1111tv£<; npoo6oKl£<: ~ va unooTo6v apvqttKt<; ouvtnElE<;. 
9.4 EIAilA AROIEAEIMAIA IIII TAXYAPOKllEI AEITOYPrIEI 
En6<: an6 out~ Tf)V a6(qoq ott<; npoo6od EC: HIV ndath, avaµtvona t 10 t µnaBoU<; OTO 
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EV6tX£TQl VO µETOKlVIJfE( ntpav TIV EavtK'V ouv6p1v. 
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µaAAov n nttOV n£ptypdf£l Tr)V lQTQOTOOr) nou lOX6£t YlO TO TOXU6poµE(O to onolo 
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KataBaAAEtOl OTOV ,opta EKµEtdhAEUOr)<; Tr)<; 6tavo11n<:>. 
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ta npiqv µetwµtva ttµoA6yta. ntaav6ttpo Elvat 6tt µnopo6v va Enav€n£v6uaouv npooat1ovtac 
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tµ~µa TDC 6ta6tr:aolac;. 
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n>.tovtK1nµa. £6v 6~v 10 npd(ouv ot unnpto(E\ touc; aa tE(vouv npo\ tnv KatE63uvon 
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Ev OUY10IJ(O, Ol tOlU6popuol fOp£lC: Up£t6UtuOl)C: (£lt£ 61)1J60lOl £lt£ t6uuuo() fa 
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au~av6pevq £~6ptqoq t1v 6tc161v 6tavop~c: an6 tov 6yco tpyaottv nou 6qptoupyeltat tct6C: 
ti)( £ftllP6t£l6C: touc: fa lCTG01~0£l anoA611c: anapaltl)11) Tl)V eycat60tGOI) lGtaAA~AIV 
ouo1qp611v ttpoAoylev ano~qpt6ot1v. 
lEtAAAIO 5 OllOIOMilEI CAI AEITOYPf llEI RTYXEI 
1. EIIArOrH 
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1at aval6et ta otcovoptc6 ftpata nou atopo6v ttC tv A6y1 Atltoupylec. · 
Ito nla(at6 tou 1ata86AAetaL npoon6feta va tntoqpavto6v ot opoL6tq1ec Kat OL 6tafoptc ptta(6 
t1v cupl1v unqpeatAv nou naptxovtat <entatoAtc, 6tpata lGL latenelyovta>. 16taltepq oqpaola 
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ent1p6tatac <analtqaq napox~c 1at0At1~c unqptolac>. 
Kat6 tqv e~ttaoq t1v ot1ovoptc6v tep611v 1qc: Atttoupylac 11v taxu6pop£l1v 6ev tnt6t6xtqKt va 
npaypnonot qh l Atntopep~c: tupqtt '~ ptAhq. A vt l t£ ta npayp01ono u (tat 6 tanpayµhnoq p6vo 
yevt16v apxAv tt6oov txouv tnLntAotLC 01q 6tap6pt1oq 11v npo16oe1v tou Rp6otvou Eyyp6tou. 
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Kat'c: Kat Tl( 6an6vtc: K£taAalou yta 1qv np6o3£tl} 6paotqpt6tqta. 
1. RAPOXH YRHPEIIOI ITO IYNOAO THI ERIKPATEIAI 
'Onvc txet ~6q avatepttl oTo Ktt6Aato 4, napdypato< 3, ftptAtoc Altoc Tn< xdpa(qc: otao6~noTt 
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c(aotaAto~cl ~ napox~ unnpcottv oTo o6voAo 1nc trdotott cntKpdtttac <ratoAtr~ unnpcola>. 
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e(vat anapa(tqto va avatcfc( fJ anorAtlOTlK~ trpctdAAtuon optoptvwv unnptat~v oTqv Taxuopoptr~ 
Ynnpco(a. Aut6 ta Et6trd rat anorAttottK6 6trat~pata £(aotaA(~ouv otqv TaxuopoptK~ unqpco(a 
1qv npootaola nou T'l< tlvat anapal1qTq npoKttµtvou va £(aotaAlott Tqv napox~ npoo1a1tu6ptv1v 
unqpto th u6µq KO l OTOU<; to pd<; HEl VOU<; 6nou 0 l 61<; hi unqpto ( t<; d VQl t n l (~II lE<;. H 
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xpu6~nat va e~aotaAtoto6v nov fopta nou naphu tqv utoAtl~ unqpeo(a uapK~ tao6a Ul 
6yicoc: epyaoth. Ot xapqA6tEpec: 6an6vec: av6 11ov66a nou Kat' aut6 tov tp6110 t:nl nydvonu 
11nopo6v ev ouvexela va pttatpaoto6v OE npootttc: ttptc:. 
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xapqAo6 K6otou<; entKtp6elc: neptoxtc: at~vovtac: ott<; Iaxu6popt1tc: Ynqpeolec: Tov pq npooo6ot6po 
un6Aotno upp6. 
Ev6txe1at va t(ETOOtEl to ev6ex611evo ot Iaxu6poptKt<; Ynqpeolec: va avtt6p6oouv 6tapopt6vovtac: 
ttptc: ouvapt~O£l tou r6otou<; Kat6 neptox~. Evto6tot<;, 6£6optvri<: ti)<; avayicqc: va Kattep1lo6v 
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n~u va raA6ntouv tvtala noAAtc: 11pon6AtlC: raf6<: Kat optoptvtc: aypottrt<: neptttpett<;. 
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cntrtp6tottp1v unqptoltv. 
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Dpocttptvou va aeptypatel to nAaloto tvt6c; 1ou onolov 6tapopt6vovtat ot npotdottc; tou 
Dpdotvov· Bt8Alov tlvat anapaltqto va £{£taoto6v Atntoptp6c; ta otcovoptc6 tou topta. H 
6tanpayphnaq tou ttpnoc; avto6 yl vua t ouc; napayp6fouc; nou uoAouto6v. £6' rp l YET at 
OK6ntpo va npoottfo6v 660 ac6pa oqpela nou atopo6v tqv napox~ catoltc~c; unqpeolac;. 
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260 -----------·----·----·-·--------··-··--·----- ----··---------·-·--
200 -----·--·············································································. ······························-··· 
160 ·······················-···············-··························-········-··················-···························-· 
100 ················-··············································-· 
60 
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onolec pt ~11 ottp6 touc: va neptop(~ouv tqv av6yrq yta au(~O£LC ltptv. 
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naptx6"1£V£C un11ptolec 1600 neptoo6t£po 11 Taxu6poptrn Yn11peola aa xp11otponottl1a1 11c 
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tnv not6Tl]t0 TllY napEx6ptVitV UDl]PEOltV. 
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K~v [OlVOT~TiV (1988) 
lPATH 
llEAH IYIOAUEI 
AADHEI IYllOAIU 
EIOU RAEONAIKAU/ 
EAAEIMllATA RAEONAI"A/EAAEIMMA OI 
EDl TOII ElATO ROIOITO 
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BUyto <01111.1 > 
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Un Uptc: 
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-------------1-----------------------------------------------;~~;~~~~;;,~-------------
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6IANOHHr i-:E=N:...::.I~._...~~~-------------,'----...._.,.,....,.. 
ANA ANTI­
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I 
L flAEONAKIATIKO 
----------------
AtTIKEI DEPIOXEI 
HE HEIZONEI KATA­
NAAOTEI TAXYAPO­
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-------) OEPIOPitKENHl: TAXY-
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q np1to8ouAla aut~ avtanorplvetrr at o6otaoq nou tytve an6 1qv Enttpon~ to 1979, 6tt ta 
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np610 6pto 86pou(.> An6 tl( evvta unqpeolt(, q yaAAtK~ Taxu6poµtr~ Ynqpeola npoottPEl ta 
ttpoA6yta eyxtptou taxu6popetou yta ev6ocotvottr6, tntotoA•v t1( 188 g. 
6.2 AOrIITl[EI MEOOAOI 
'Ont( Kal OE 6HOV( toµd( ha xapanqptOtlK6 nou OXEtl~Etat I.IE tl( 6tatOPEtlKt( npo­
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npoKaA06µ£v1v optortv 6anavtv. 
6.3 DPOTIRHIIAKA TEAH 
o~ npoTqHJOtaKci THJJ opl{ovat EKtlva µEta ono(a npoottpovtat µEt,OEt( cioXEta npo( tov 
n£ptoptoµ6 tou r6oTou~ nou £nttuyxdv£Tat an6 Tf)V EIJfcivtof) taxu6poµo6µcvou avtt1CEt1Jtvou. 
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npovo1uadv uUv. Itf)V napo6oa nap6ypato ot6xo~ d vat va £ (£Tcicno6v o l o t uvoµ t d~ 
tntnt6ott( tQ( EV A6yt noAttlK~( ttµoA6yqoq(. 
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1tAq txouv t( ano1tAtoµa 1qv np6KAooq oo8ap6v ~oµt6v ott( Taxu6poµt1Ct( Ynqpeolt( nou ta 
npooftpouv. H XPOIJG10661qoq TiV EV A6yi ~qµtAv E{VQl £Dl8£8Aqµtvq £lt£ µtot 
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£Vt6ntv TOU OUVOAlK06 £RlOTOAlK06 taxu6popt(ou. 
rrl~~f~~-~ : Taxu6poptKt<; Ynqptolt<: -KdAu•n TiV 6anav6v 6tavop~<; £Vt6ntv 
KPATH 
MEAH K.AAYfH 
dADANON nororro HMEPHrIOY/DEPI06IKOY 
TYOOY EDI TOY rYNOAOY TOY 
EDIETOAIKOY TAXY6POMEIOY 
_________________ J _______ !_______ _ ______________ ! ______________ _ 
I 
i 
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tl!~-~~ql!flQ ___________ !ll ______ ~----------------J~I _____________ _ 
nnrn : nayK60IJlO Taxu6poµt1Cn '£v~Of) (1989) 
ql~t~q_tll _______________________________________ ~tt~!qt~-~-~-Qt~~y~~t~t~-~[t_~lll~~~ll~tt_[l~lt~ 
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an6 H< napu6µtY£C: unqptoltc;> talvttat va undpXtt ottv~ oxtori µcta(6 tqc; dAutri< tou 
t6otouc; tat 
1ax-u6po11t lo. tou 00000106 qptp~oLou rat ntpto6tro6 t6nou oto ouvoAtr6 tntotoAtr6 
E6v ft1pqftl 6tt ta npottlJQOtatd tlpoA6yta anofapp6vouv tQ xp~oq t6t1ttt6v 
fopt1v cat, tat6 ouvtntla anotptnouv tQ 6Qptoupyla tvaAAarttK6v 6lttu1v 6tavo11~c: 
QlltP~OlOU cat ntplo6tro6 t6nou. 
'OTav q not6tqTa TtV napt1optv1v unqptot6v tlvat cafoptoTtt~c; oqpaolac; ot npoatT6TtP£C: 
Ttptc; nou npoottpouv ot Iaxu6poptrtc; Ynqptolt< 6tv avaptvttat va ipno6loouv tvav tr66Tq 
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yta optoptva 61Aa tvTuna <6n1c; ot pqvtaltc; ic66ottc; ~ ta epnoptt6 nepto6tr6>, q aot6Tqta 
nv unqpioth 6n tlvat T6oo oqpavtll~ ral q tlp~ tlvat naphn nou ecafopl~u TQY 
an6taoq yta TO not6 unqpiola fa xpqotponotq~El. 
ITt( n£ptnT6ottc; auttc; ot xapqAtc; ttptc; nou npoottpouv ot Taxu6po11t1tc; Ynqpeolec; 
ano6ttcv6ov1at tlKuo~trtc;. 6t6optvou 61t ot EV l6y1 1t11tc: ouxv6 tnttuyx6vovTaL pt ~qpla 
trJC: Ynqpeolac;, ot ent6ot~ouc; ~ ot 6ttnt6ot~ottc; µna(6 tµqµh1v 1qc; ayop6c; yta Tq 
xpqpa106hqoq av ~qpth ouotaottd napt1rno6l~ouv tqv £loo6o otr1v ayop6 6Utv tophv 
£lU£t6AAtuoqc;. Ot 6AAot tOPtlc; E(ap16v1at an6 ta 1tp6q nou unopo6v va ne16xouv at6pq rat 
01qv ntplnt1oq Kat6 tqv onola £nt1uyx6vouv xa1111A6ttpo r6oto< av6 pov66a an'6tt ot 
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nou tox6ouv otnv ayop6. 
7. XPHRAT060THIH 
n'c: xpqpato6oto6vtat ot ~f)pltc; tnl11tpouc; unqptotAv t6talttpa E(attlac; tf)C: npottpf)otat~<: ttpo­
A6yqoqc;; EntnAtov n6c; xpqpato60106v1at ot ~qpltc; 11v taxu6poptrAv unnptot6v nou avattpovtat 
avntpv otov nlvua 3 <rat av~Uav ratd to 1988 OE 3,2 6touato1.11.16pta ECU>; Yn6pxouv 660 
nqyt( -Ol 6ttnl60T~OEl( µ£TG~6 tpqp6tttV ti)( ayopdc; (Ql Ol KEVtptctc; Ent60T~O£lc;. 
7.1 61ERl60IHIEII 
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ut11U YlO va t(aotaAloouv ti) 6touoa tv6oEnt66HJOIJ r:at napdAA11Aa Tf)v tnt tux la Ktp6ou< ~ 
ta npoottp61.1tva r.pottpl]otar4 1tA11 6tv ouvtn6yovtat trntAott< nou unt:pSalvouv Tl( 
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TIV OUVOAllAV ~qµlAV ~ tq PEtatpon~ tOU\ OE Ktp6q. 
To OUYOAlK6 GROttAEapa TQC £nl6paoqc TIV EV A6y1 taxu6poptcAv xpqµatOOllOVOPllAV 
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lll!l!lt_Z Taxu6poptrtc.Ynqpeoltc Xpqpa1066tqoq an6 1axu6poptrtc otrovoptKtc unqpe­
olt( (1988-EKat.ECU> 
TAXYAPOMIKEI OIKONOMIKEI vnHPEIIEI TAXYAPOMIKEI KA9APH 
KPATH 
~-~- ~------~---,------------___ Y[Hf ~H&L __ __&lllllI~tH ________ 
KEAH Aandvec 'Eoo6a rtp6q flAthdoµa/ HAt6vaopa/ 
------------ ----------------------- --------------~~!!HYYL ___ __:~!!i1yyg _______ 
BUyto 299.8 278. 3 -n.5 + 78.2 + 48.7 
Aavla 271.5 358.8 + 78.5 -34.5 + 44.8 
ftpµavla 2,188.8 2,188.8 1,218.8 -1,218.8 
EUd6a 38.8 35.7 + 5.7 -23.2 -17.5 
Ionav(a 381.8 488.8 + 188.8 -307.7 -19. 7 
ran la 4,381.8 5,826.8 + 645.8 -498.8 + 147.8 
IpAav6la 56.8 59.8 + 3.8 -1. 3 + t. 7 
ItaHa 1,~22.8 1,436.8 + 14. 8 t, 858. 4 -t '844. 4 
1tou~t1.1Sobpyo 8.8 18. 4 + 2.4 -2.7 -8.3 
K4a Uptc 1,878.8 1'328. 8 + 258.8 + 49.7 + 297.8 
RoptoyaHa 19.8 28.8 + 1. 8 35.8 -34.8 
tH~~~[ql~~tq ____ !L~~!~! ______ lLI~J~t ____ : __ ~~~t ________ :_l~~~t __________ :_£~[~l ___ _ 
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nqy~ HEAttr) Sofres 
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~l~l~q_l(! _______________________________________ ~tt~~q1~-~-~-Ql!~~~~l!tt_!q1_~~11~~~ll!tt_[1~1tt 
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xpnpa10661qoq ~qpt'v at 6Aouc: touc: toptlc. 
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anatT£ltat q npootaota 11v npoo1a1tuoptv1v unnp£ot'v npoKEtptvou ot 6an6vtc va 
KQlQVEUQ8o6v PEta(6 TIV K£p6ot6pev KQl µq KEp6096p1v n£ptox•v. EntnAtov, Ol 
n£ptoo6ttpol ntA6TEC txouv Taxu6poµtrtc anat1~0£tC rat oTtC 660 Katqyopltc ntptox,v. 
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7.2 lEITPllH XPH"ATOAOTHIH 
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un0Aoyta1to noa6. la16 10 1988, q 8£Aytr~ ru8tpvqoq 1a1t8aAt otqv Taxu6popt1~ Ynqptola 
tQ( 321 eratopp6pta ECU cat4 tov tp6no au16. 
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6unpaypau6ovtat nqalt( 11£ Tl( nhpv~ott( tou( to ptyt6o( ti)( unpu~c tnt66t1JOIJ( 
nou elvat anapa(1q1q. Ynotlfnat 6tt to £l6o( uv un0Aoyt011h nou dvu Q 8dyu~ 
rv8tpvqaq xpqatponoto6vtat snlaq( atqv tv A6y1 au~~tqa~. 
Avttfttl(, optaptvt( unqpsal£( oup86AAouv &tttl6 OtQ OlKOVOIJtl6 TIV lU8tpv~oEAV TOU(. 
rta nap66etypa rat6 10 1988 Q Taxu6poptr~ Ynqpeola ti)( 6avlac unoxpt6fqrt va 
u1a8U£ l 86 £KatOJ1p6pta ECU 01qv n8tpvqo~ tr)( an6 ta too66 ti)<: pt anottAEopa to 
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ra1a86AAtt ttatptr6 t6po tnl ttv ctp66v tQ(, aAAd rat tqv unoxpt1oq ayop6( rafoptoptvou 
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we ano1tAcopa va e~aotaAl~El t6KoV<: otqv Taxu6poµLK~ Ynnptola>. 
8. lATAAfflTilA TEAH 
To 6taouvopLar6 cntotoALK6 taxu6poptCo ntpLAaµSdvtt EntotoAtc; nou taxu6popo6vtal an6 µ(a 
x'pa Kal napatt(vovtal ot r4nota dAAo. Kat4 tov taxu6p611non tntotoAtv au106 tou t{6ouc; ta 
~oo6a an6 TOY n£A6tq KataA~youv Otr)V •t(lt£PlK~" Taxu6pOplK~ Ynqptola, EV' I) aEOITEPlK~" 6£V 
ttonpdttEl. Oot6oo, Ol 6cin6vt( nou oxt1l~ovtal pt tn 6lavoµ~ tou avtLKElptvou tnt8ap6vouv 
tnv "contpu~· Taxu6poptl~ Ynqpcola ut ouxv6 untpBalvouv 10 ~µtou tou ouvoAtKo6 K6otouc; 
TlJ( 6Ari<: tntxclpoonc <~rot tou a&poloi.iatoc twv 6anav'v tou t~tTEPtKo6 ora6lou, rou ora6lou 
\,1£TOfOpdc KOl tOU £01ltplK06 ora6lou). 
rta '1£Y6AO XPOYlK6 6t60trHICl Ta 11Hn tO<: HTE £t6pµooav t<; apx~ 6tt to 6taouvoptat6 taxu-
6pou£l o ~ rav t oopponqptvo &uphta<: 6tt o l 6 t oc 6ya:oc Ka l to ( 6 to~ £l 6oc; tax u6poµ uh ano­
otoUv Htvdto Kat npo( ttC 660 Kat£u&6votL<: otao6~nott "avtaHay~c;" JJEtaH 660 Taxu6poµt­
K~v Vnqpcot,v. Evto6tot<:, rattorq oatt<: 6tt o apx~ au1~ I) onola ou6tnott tox6£t avttKEtµtvt­
r4 o6qyo6ot OE oo8ap6 unoSaOptoptvn avttot60µton t1v 6anav'v optoJJtv1v Vnqptotiv 6tavoµ~c;. 
Kat6 to 1969, n Oay16oµta Taxu6poµtK~ 'Evwon ra•ttpwoc tva 
"rntaAqntdv HUv" nou ovtdµt\8E tqv Taxu6pOlHK~ Ynnpcola n avttotoOµtottr6 o6otqµa 
onola tnwµl{tto tq 
Q.~H§.LH~ ____________________ .. _____ . __ . --------------~~t~~g_!.LL;._Q.!.~Q.YQ.l!.!.~tC~!!L~H.19.l!~I!.~kJ!ll!X.t~ 
6lavoµ~ 86oc1 lOU ouvoA1Kou Bdpou<; lWV av11KElµtvwv nou tnpcnc va 6lavcµq8o6v. Ol 
cn18apuvocl<; auitc: 1clvouv va cuvoo6v ll<; Aq6Hpo avan1uyµtH<; x.'pc<; <nou anoTEAo6v lqv 
nAElO.l')f(Q OlijV UT[) KOl au(~3ijlOV OUOlOOllK6 Katd Tq 6tE(aywy~ 6ta60Xll'V 6lQOlttEIV. 
Jo ~~ll')IJO HIV Ka taAl')Kll Kh TE.UV Elva l µ6Uov ntp ( nAOKO. OAqptottpl') ntp lYPQf~ 6 ( 6£TQl Oto 
nap6p1qµa 8. Ito oqµtlo au16 apKtl va tOVlOttl 6tl Olo6~not£ 06011111a Saol~ttat ano1AttOtl16 
«at 116vo 010 Sdpo<;, o6qycl avan6ttu11a ot 6tafopt<; ptta(6 11v npayµattl'v 6anav'v 6tavo11~c: 
a:a l TIV avu ontflJ un uh nArip1µh nou ntaU.Uovta l. Kat6 nphov, ·. o t 6an6n:c: 6tavo11~c: 
oxn l ~ovta l up too6npo µt TOY apt fp6 uv 6 t avt11611nn avtt 1u11hn u l At y6upo llt to 
ouvoltr6 Bdpoc: Touc:. Kat6 6t6ttpo q l6ta 11 ano~1111l1011 npooftp61av 6oxtta 11£ 10 anat10611tvo 
tnlnt6o 1qc: unqptolac: 6tavo11~c:. Katd 1pl1ov, tva tvtalo nayr6oµto 0601ri11a 6tv la1186vtl un6tq 
tou 6tt ot 6an6vtc: avd µova6a avan6ttu11a notllAAouv rat 116Ato1a rupl•c: yta A6youc: nou 6tv 
oxttl~ovtat µt 111v anot£Ato11a1t161q1a. 
Ito Ix~pa 4 nou aa:oAouh l nta6tt nhta t ri 6 t atopa nou unapu t pna(6 tv6c: ouo1~11uoc: nou 
8aol~£TOl OTO 8dpoc: lOl TIV µto1v 6anav,v. H Kaµn6Aq TIV lataAr)ltll'V TtA'v DOU 8ao(~OVtQl 
OTO Sdpoc: au(6vtl an61oµa an6 TO pq6tv tv,, 11 Kaµn6Aq tou µtoou 1601ouc: ntptypdftl ntot6 TO 
avd 1JOVd6a 1C601oc: yta KO~t 6tau vo6titvo avttKdJJEVO napouot6~onac: EAatp6 npooa6~qoq tou 
ic601ouc: pt tf}V a6(qoq tou Sdpouc:. To anoTHtoµa dvat ota t6tatttp1<; tAatp6 avttulpna q 
ano~qµl1oq tlvat avtnapK~<;, tvi ota µtyaA~ttpa Sapf) va tlvat untp8oAtK~. 
Ot 6tatoptc: ante: OXtt ( ~ovta t QIJ£Oa µt to tat v6ptvo trJC: avnaxu6p61Jf)OrJ<: < nou ntpl ypdftta t 
AtntOIJ£PttaK6 01qv napdypafo 9>. AnAonothta<: ~a pnopo6ot va ttn11ftl 6tt otriv ntptox~ 
tHtno6c ano~11µl11on<: 6ruHoupyo6v1at ouv3~K£C t6otouc: nou tvhpp6vouv trJV A-8-r avnaxu-
6p6µ1)ol), Ev' 01nv nEploxn untpSoAtK~<: ano~qµl1011<: 6ttuKoA6vtTat n ava1axu6p6pnori A-8-8. 
To anottAtoµa Tl'J<: ra1601ao11c: OUT~<: ntav 6tt noAAt<: Taxu6poµlKt<: Ynl')ptolt<: tntp(Otl')KQV 
EOilEPtK6 K60TO~ 6tavoµnc; Katd noA6 µ£yaA6ttpo an6 ta KQTQAl')KllK6 ttAq DOU £totnpa(av 
ovttotolxwc. Autn µdAtota tlval n ntplnt1on 111<: nAttotntla<; rwv unnptot'v 1nc: Kotv61q1ac:. Ot 
IOC: an unqp£olE<; unoxp£Urp:av va avttµEanloouv H<: EV A6yw ~l'Jplt<; rn~u:phovta<; ntptUpta 
Ktp6ouc 01nv £(11TEpu:n dvrion nou untpt8atvav ta fUOloAoyud. 'Ooo ot unl)ptoltc: 6tatl)po6v 
ll'JV t(liTEPlKn TOU<; K(Vl')Ol'J Ii<; tx£t I') KatdOtQOI') cv6tXETQl va napaµE{VEl QVEKT~. 
Ev106rot\, n ayto6rnra nou xapaKTl'Jp{~ct ro 060111µ0 twv KataAl)Kttl'.~V rcAQv otnv ouo(a tou 6tv 
ttpvtt Tl'JV avdnru(n ti')<; av1aywvtottKn<: 66vaµq<; ti')<; avaraxu6p6µqoq<; nou o6~yrioc ora6taKd 0111v 
uno66~µton twv c(w1cp1K~v Eo66wv t~v ncptooortp~v Taxu6poµtK'v Ynnpcot,v. 
O<; a 1061ou Kattorn avan6tEUKTl'J l'J c(ttao11 av anoKAlocwv nou Eµfav(~El to o6otqpa av 
KataAqK1tr.Qv lEA~v. Katd to 1987, noAAtc: an6 Tl<; Taxu6poµlKt<; Ynqpcolt<: ti')<; CEPJ raatpwoav 
tva 6ta•opctu:6 060H1µa KataAf)KltKh TEUv 010 onolo ncptcA~t61') xphon avd avtudptvo 
(Ka3~<; Kat xptijon t:atd 86po<; xaµqA6tEPl'J tq<; avtlorotxnc; nou npotBAEnE l'J fiTE>. Katd ouvtntta 
10 Ev A6yij 0~01nl.fa npo8AtnEta1 va e(ao~a.H~El ano~oµt~oc1c; nAnottoTEPE<: npoc; tt<: yvnott<: 
6an6vt<; 6tavo~nc. 
---------------·-----~-~----------------------------------------------------------------------
AHOAOl:H 
AvtnapKn<: 
Ano~ri11 l t1of) AD060IH THI 
DTE vu:pBoA u:n · 
Ano~f)IJ l llOr) 
IlfJYO Enttpono tttv Eupwnafriv Kotvot~twv (µ£ xpoon 6t6oµtvvv an6 tnv flTE> BAPOI Mtoo 
K6otoc: 
noAAol an6 tlC: 11tyaA6t£P£C: Taxu6poµtrtc: Ynqptolcc: tfapµ6~ouv tnv tv A6yw µt&o6o 1nc: CEPT. To 
anottAEOµa £lvat 6tt 001J£pa 6EV laA6nttl µ6vo Tf) ~OTIJOIJ OTlC: µEyaA6TEPEC XiPEC TIJC: Kotv6tf)TOC 
(6oov atopd to 6tchtc: 1axu6poµElo>, aHd Kat 6>.E< it<: x6pE<: t'IC: EZEI <E(atpo61Jtvnc: T'IC 
AuoTplac> raO'c: rat TIJV AuotpaAla, tov Kava6d rat Tl<; HUA. 
EvToutotc, Oa nptnct va TOVtOTE( 6tt µla opydvvof) nou crnpoovncl noAAouc an6 Tove t6tvTtrou\ 
9opcl<; iaxu6poµtrOc EKIJEt6AAEUOIJ<;, IJE Tr)V cnwvuµla AtE~voc: Ataorc•f) Httatoptwv Ka1cncty6v1ijv 
<I£CCl, ra1onctAE 01nv Enttpono av Eupvnatdv Kotvo1oav 6tt o cv A6yv 6taa:avovtoµ6\ 
avTt8alvc1 OTOV avtaywvtoµ6 ra~6tt tnt6tiKEl va anoOapp6vc1 Tl<; 6paotf)pt6tf)TE\ 
avataxu6p6lJf)Ofl<;. AtE(h~IJKE tpcuva an6 trJV Enttpono ouµtvva lJE touc: KOtvotta:o6<; a:av6vc<; 
avTayevtoµo6 Kat tytvE tvap(n tuntKOC 6ta6traola<;. 
To o6otf)µa TfJ\ CEPT, lJOAov61t 8ploa:c1a1 nAf)ottoTtpa npoc: tt\ 6anavc<; an'611 TO avtlototxo inc: 
~~!l~~-1£~----------------------------------------~~l~!~l~-~-~-~l~~y~~l!l~-!~l-~~ll~~~Il!lt_[!~ltt 
nTE, E(aKoAouOEl va 8aol<ttat otl) µton ttp{) pEta(6 twv ouppEttx6vtwv unl)ptotQv. H rat6otao11 
aut{) htl to nAtovtnl)pa va 6uuicoA6vEl tr} 6lo(Kl)OI) lal aftttpou Oa naph£l oploptva llvf)tpa 
Oll c: XQP£C: npou: t ptvou va BEAtt Qoouv tr)V a( l ono ( 11011 av 6anavh nou npaypatono l06v Tl a ta 
ouot~µata 6lavo11~c:. Evtoholc:, 6t lapBhu un6t1J tou HC: Ol)pa~tutc: 6latoptc: nou un6pxouv 
ptta(6 t1v 6laf6p1v unqptol•v <ar6pl) ral ptta(6 tup1natr6v Taxu6poµlr•v Ynqptol•v> 6aov atop6 
to r6otoc: rat tqv ttpol6yqoq. 
Ot Taxu6poptrtc: Ynqpealec: 1•v ntv1e x1p6v ti)( B6pttac: 'Ev101Jc: <oupntpllap8av6pevqc: tQC: 
6avlac:> txouv £fapp6oet yta 1tc: 1axu6poplrtc: anoo10Atc: nou erttlo6v pt1a(6 1ovc: tva 0601qpa 
010 1Aalolo 1ou onolou q ano~qpl1oq 1qc: 6tavop~c: un0Aoyl~e1al 84oet £v6c: 10000106 1ov 
tox6onoc: 6aopoAoylou 6u1vo11~c: 1qc: taxu6popu~c: Ynqpulac: nou u1v avalap86vu. Oplophec: 
Uhc: Taxv6popld( Ynqpeolec: 6upeuvo6v av6 ~£6yq u16 n6oo ta ~tav etut~ q xpqotponolqoq 
t1v EtvtK6v 6aop0Aoyl1v Kat6 tqv apot8ala xpt1a~ 1ouc:. 
Ev Tl pt1a~6 rat q RTE anaoxoA~tqce PE tl)V tnlluoq tv6c: TouA6xlo1ov tp~pa1oc: 11v ra1alqr1tr6v 
TtAAv. rta tlC: ntptoo6Ttpec: 1axu6poptrtc: potc: <trt6c: av un6pxtt avtlfttq oupftvlo>, tox6ouv 
6tatcp£ttrtc: xpe6otlC: yta tt( tntotoAtc: rat ta tv1una. To £V A6y1 060111110 t(aroAoutel va 
BaoHna t onodttot u6 rat p6vo ato 84poc: rat raT6 ouvtnt ta t(optha t rat6 nol6 on6 to ouvo­
At K6 ptoo 86poc: av6 avttKtlptvo oe traoto pe6pa <1600 Yla Tl( tnlotoAtc: 600 rat Ta tvtuna>. 
H RTE tlxt tnloqc: ernov~ott tva 4AAo 0601qpa xpt1oqc: f la tlC: taxu6poptrtc: potc: ott( onolec: to 
~too S6poc: 6taftptt oqpavttrd an6 10 ouvoAtr6 ptoo 6po. To 060111110 aut6 Baol~ttal tnloqc: ot 
xpt1on av6 QVllKE(IJEVO (Ql 0£ xptuoq 860£l tOU 86pouc: x1plc: £Vt06tOlC: va tXEl ElOttt ra1ao1£( 
oattc: pt not6v tp6no &a 1.1nopo60£ va £fappoottl. 
Katd ouvtntta, Ka&lotatat oattc: 6tt un6pxtt 6t601.1tv11 So6Ano11 8£Atl1onc: twv ouo1qp611v 
KataAqKTlKAV TEA,V. f(V£tat ano6£Kt6 6tl OPlOptva OUOT~pata KQTOAQK1lK'V tEAAv fa 
t~aKoAouf~oouv va tlvat anapoltqta nporttptvou va £(aotaAtoto6v 6AAtc: avttotatplottrtc 
pu61.llottc: pna(6 nv 178 uph nou ouppt1houv otqv DTE. EnlnAtov, 6tv •a ~1av t6talupa 
npan l K6 o l xpdott c y la rdh av1aHaoo611no avtl rd ptvo va npaypa to no l o6vta t Uou tou 
600110Aoylou tQ( Taxu6poptr~c Ynqptolac: nou avaAapB6vtt tq 6tavo11{) rat 6tt ta E(aroAou•~ott va 
tlvat anapaltl)Tn rdnotou tl6ouc 01.1a6onolnoo yta avttotatptottico6c A6youc:. E6v rat6 ouvtntta 
•ewpnttl 6tt ta KataAqKttKd ttAq fa ouvexloouv va tlvat anapaltnta, tnt86AAEtat va ava~qtqttl 
10 BtAttoto 0601n11a t•appoy~c: touc. 
Oc npoc aut6 avaµtvttat va Kataoul ttoht ntptoo6ttpo tntlyouoa n utttp1oq tv6c: ouot~1.1noc: 
KataAqKttKQv ttA'v nou va npoottPtl npoo~rouoa ano~nplvon otriv Taxu6poptK~ Ynqptola 6tavo11~c:. 
Ta 6tdfopa ouot{)pata ava1axu6p6pqo11c: <nou ntptyp6,ovtat Katntpv> txouv ~6ri ano6d(tt TLC 
a6uvaµltc tou ouot{)patoc tric ATE. Oploptvec: an6 TLC: nt&avtc: tntnt•otlC tqc tvtalac ayopdc ota 
xapaKtqptottK6 ti)( rlvrionc <nou t(ttdotnrav avv1tp1 oto KttdAato 4, napdypatoc 9> avaptvttat 
va tnt6ttv,oouv ntpatttp" tqv EV A6yw utdornon IJEtatptnovtac ot 6taouvoptaa:6 11q6Ao ptpoc 
TQC COITEPlK~C Klvnonc. 
Ev6txttat p6Alota 6tl ta ano6ttxtt( anapaltqtq ri Ka&ttpwon ouot~patoc: nou va c(aptdtat 
ottv6ttpa an6 tou<; tyx~ptou<; 6pouc; np6o8aoq<; Kdft Taxu6poµtK~ Ynqpto(a npoKttµtvou va 
ano6ttXhl 6Tt tox6ouv ot l6tt<: ouvf~KE<: tto66ou aoxtac; npo<; tov tp6no np608ao11c; Oll<; 
npootaH u6µE VE<; unQpEO ( £<; HJ<: dpac; 6 ta vop~c; ( d l£ O!JEOO OTO EOUEP l K6 06ot1111a d TE t111JEOQ 
µto1 Ev6c; 6taouvoptaKo6 ouot~patoc;>. 
9. AIATAXYAPOIHIH 
H avcnaxu6p6pqoq anotdd 6taouvoptar~ taxu6pop u~ unqpeol a nou npooftpna t an6 op toptvouc; 
t 6aH ro6c; fOPE l c; taxu6poµ u~c: u11n6Ahuoqc; ra l Q ono {a avtaynHna l ttc; unqpeo l tc; nou 
npoo9tptt Q avtlotOlXQ Taxu6poptr6c; Ynqpeola otq x'pa tou ntldtQ. H avataxu6p6pqoq ouv~f1c; 
ouvtn6yna t tQc; ouvEpyaol a p tac; Taxu6pop u:~c; Ynqpto lac; El H TQC: x'pac; 6 t avop~c; du 1J lac; 
tp ( Tf)<; dpa<;. 
To napdpTopa 9 ouyKEtaAat,VEl tnv toTopla tqc; avataxu6p6pnoqc;, raTa6ttrv6ovTa<; 6tt Q E(tAt(~ 
trJ<: un~p(E EV µtptl anotHtopa 11lac; avdyrn<: tQ<: ayopdc; <napox~ unnptoth xapJJM<: not6tqtac; 
y ta ta tvt una an6 H<: Hvttpht<: lloA l TE l £<: > rat EV 11tp£ t anottAeopa Tll<: u11n6Heuoqc; av 
a6uvapt'V TOU OUOT~IJQTO( KQTOAQKTlK'V tEA'v llTE. 'Onie; 6At<: Ol unqpto{ec;, 11 ava1axuop61Jf)Of) 
DiA£{tat SdOEl tv6c; ouv6uao1106 TllJ~<:/t(unqpttf)oqc;. H otdfpton TIV EV A6y1 xapaKTl]plOllK'V EV 
µtpEt E(aptdTat an6 TO XPllOllJOOOt061JEVO t6no avataxu6p6µqoqc;. AtyETQl EV{OTE 6Tt 11 
avatax u6p6pQon d vat unnpeo( a nou ou118dHu 01qv ntp u:on~ av H IJh. E {val aAnHc; 6tt o t 
tt µtc; ava taxu6p6µr}ol')<: Bp {orovta t ouxva ot xaµqA6upa en l nE6a an6 auttc; av avtayn tott dv 
un11pcoth nou npoottpovtat an6 Taxu6poiudc; Ynqptoltc;, rat dvat tnlonc: yqov6c; 6tt n 
avaTaxu6p6µQoq µnope( va npooftptt raA6ttpq e(un11ptTnon ~ StATt1ptvtc; 6tturoA6vottc;. 
napa6ootaK6 ~Eipt{Tat 6Tt undpxouv Tptt<: T6not avaTaxu6p61111011c;. 0 naAat6Ttpoc; nou E(aroAouOtl 
va dvat ..:at o oqµantK6t£poc; dvat q ava1axu6p611rio11 A-B-r. K.at'auT~v tva<; t6u1ttK6<: ,optac 
EKµETQAAEUOI'}\ OUAAtyEt TO Olt~vtc £nlOTOAtK6 taxu6poµtlo neAaT'V IJEYQAf)<: KAlµaKa<; 
(Olr} X~pa A), TO 6ta8t8d~El OE µ{a dAAI') X'pa (X~pa 8) Kat EKE( •POVt{~El Va Taxu6poµl')3E( OTl'JV 
TontK~ Taxu6poµ~Kn Ynr)pEola nporetµtvou va 6taveµ110el OE µla Tp(Tll x'pa <x~pa f>. 
rt11v nr.p(nao11 tnc avataxu6p6µrio11<: A-B-f, 11 ttµ~ 6taµop,hETat Bdott uv rnTaAQKHdv TEAh 
nou KataSdAAEt 'l Taxu6poµtKn Yn11peo(a lFJ\ x'pa<; B OTfJV Taxu6poµtrn Ynf)pEo{a Tl'J\ x'pa<; r. 'Eva 
aHo d6oc avc1axu6p6µf)Ol'J\ Sao(~Etal OTO £061lEPLK6 6aoµoA6yto nou t•apµ6~El l'J Taxu6pOJ.1lK~ 
Yn11pEola nou ava>.aµSdvEl l'l 6tavoµn. r1qv ntplnuor} autoo Tou d6ouc avataxu6p61.u10FJc (to 
ono{o anornAdtat A-B-8), o t6tntK6<; ,optac; EKµETdHtuoqc; ouHtyEL To 1axu6poµdo Olll x'pa 
A,lO IJETa,tpEl 011'} x~pa 6taVOIJ~\ a Kat 10 Taxu6poµE( yta 6tavoµ~ Olf)V Taxu6poµtKn Ynl')pEola B. 
K(a lp(tl'} KQHJYOp(a avaTaxu6p6µl)Of)<; OXEtl~ETOl IJE tr) 1JETQfOPQ 1axu6po1u.:h aVtlKEtµtvn an6 
HJ x"pa A 0111 x~pa B Kat cv ouvEXEla Oll'JV ava1axu6p6µqon touc nlow otrJ xepa A. Eh unlip(ct 
6vr~c µcta,op6 rou raxu6poµclou £Kt6c tr}\ x'pac A, ouµ,,vw\ npoc ta Kptt~pla nou Efapµ6~£l 11 
cv >.6yw XQpc rte it\ npoo1a1cu6µcvcc un11pto{E\, to cv >.6yw o6otqµa avataxu6p6µ11011c <ro ono(o 
~t!l~q_l~~---------------------------------------~tt~!ql~-~-~-Ql~~~~~l~tt_~[i_~tll~~~Il~tt_lll~lt~ 
anoraAdtat A-B-A> napa8alv£t to lJOVonOto tn\ dpa\ A <nou E(ctdotnu: av1ntp411 om KE•AAato 
3, nap6ypafO\ 5.1 (Ql 6.3). Evto6tOl\, npotpxovtal 6lOfOPE\ napaAAayt\ tOU EV A6yi OUOl~lJQlO\ 
avataxu6p6lJQOQ\ t411V ono(411y q vopll~ ftoq 6EV tXEl 6tEUKPlVlOt£l nA~P"<· 
H OQP£PlV~ VOIJllC~ ftoq tQ( avataxu6p6pqon< E(EtQ~EtQl OTO ltt6Aato 3, Dap6ypafO( 3.8. H EV 
A6y1 t~ttaoq laA6nt£t tnlOQ( tq ttoq tou taxu6poptlou nou npotpxttat an6 tva lp6to( ptAo( lat 
EV ouv£x£la avataxu6pop£ltat pto• tq( !axu6poplK~( Ynqp£ola( pla( pq cotvottl~( x6pa( yta va 
1ataA~~£l £l vtou otqv lotv6tqta 6tavep6pevo( a£ tva 6£6tepo 1p6to( ptAo(. H nepat1tp1 6l6-
6ooq tq( npaKtll~( aut~( £~apt6tat an6 tl( ano960£l( nou fa Aq9fo6v yta to el6o( tou ouot~pa­
TO( 1ataAqltl16v ttA6v nou fa ttappoot£l otqv lolv6tqta -SAtnt ltt6Aato 3, Dap6ypafo( 5.2.> 
Kat ta tpla el6q ouotqp611v avataxu6p6pqoq( £~£t6~ovtal avaAutt16 EV ouvexela. 
9.1 AIATAXYAPOMHIH A-B-f 
'Extl 6tatun1fel q 6notq 6tt to K6pto epnoplr6 6tAeap tQ( avataxu6p6pqaq( A-B-r elval q 
£~ou:ov6pqoq 6anavh nou pnop£l va Ent t6x£l o ndhq( p£ tqv upndUeuaq tlV eyynh 
OVl GOt~ttV tOU OUOt~patO( rataAr)ICtl dv aUv. Ev yhu II £V A6y1 6~AIOQ £ ( VQl opt~ 
XP~~£l 6pl( optaptv1v 6t£UlPlVl0£1V. 
9.1.1 AARANEI lAI TIMEI 
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dAAa fa txtt triv tµtdvtoq £OVTEPLK06 taxu6po11elou tl'JC: x•pac; otnv onola 6tavtµttat. 
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18. EIEIAYIEII lAI tEXIOAOrIA 
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11. 1 YEXIOAOfIA 
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ll.1.2 ERIITOAEI -AOAITHIEII E8NilHI YDHPEIIAI 
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ouµS6Aouv 01riv ncpox~ 1vv onapaltr,twv nAnpo,opt~v 6tKtOou. 
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ncptoxt<: vt1v nAcovcltf)p611v an6 tnv avdntu(ri TtxvoAoylac;. 
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avdnTu(q avaptvETat va npoo6t6ott ot 8pa66ttpouc; pufµooc;. talvctal 6tl apKtttc; 
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6H:Kntpo(woric;. 
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un11pcoth txouv we qrnoptr:6 oT6xo ti] µdwori av 6anovh ~ Tr) Seh{woq av 
napcxoptvvv unnpeot,v. Itnv np6Tn neplntwon, nptnct vo XPllOl1JOnoto6v1at ot ei.inopti:tc; 
apxtc anotl~ooo< TrJ< an66ooric tou r:ttaAolou. rxcttl6, unevOuµl~ttot 6tt, ot 6on6vt< 
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aut~ ~a nptntt va tnqpe6~El TO A~•o encv6uttr:6v anotdoewv. 
Eto rxoµa 5 napouot6{ctat 0 ptooc 6po( cncv6uoc11v nou npayµatonot03nr:av an6 Tl( 
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YPhfJIJO nptntt va EPllfJVEuh:l IJE rllnota tnt,6>.a(q: Elvat nt&av~ n a6(f)OI) optoµtvwv 
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010 nap6p1qpa 11, nap6ypato 4.> 
Entv66oHc u ptpouc av taxu6popuh Ynqpcoth < 1985-1988 > -ptooc 6poc 
cncv66oc1v •c noooot6 tou r6rAou cpyaot•v 
--~-----------------------~------------~------~-~--------------------------------1 
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1. EiurorH 
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2. E~OTEPitEr nrvxEr rXETI[A KE rovr REAATEr 
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~~,q~qlq_~-~-~ql~~~i~l(_fil~!l( _________________________________________________________ ~~~t~q_1~1 
rrt!q~q(_l : H 1axu6poµtK~ napouo(a -Taxu6poµtKt\ Ynqpto(E\ (1989) 
APIOHOt TAXYAPOMI- MEtOt DAH0YtMOt TAXYAPOMIKA 
KON KATAITHMATON ANA TAXYAPOMIKO KATAITHMATA 
{fAili_lt~Ali_________ _ __ ttn~~i!~n_ll_____ _ ____ [~I~tIH~~---- -~~A-!ll_[~l __ 
BUyto 
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11 728 8.78 
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~tt[~[i~-~-~-Kq1y~y1~tt_fi1~!tt _________________________________________________________ q~~i~[_l~~ 
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taxu6poptct~ Ynqp£ol£t. 
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Ili~q!gt_f : Anaox6Aqoq OtlC Taxu6p01JlltC YnqpEOlEC (1988) 
KPATH MEAH 
BHyto 
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Ionavla 
fa.Ula 
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It a Ha 
Aou~t11806pyo YOHPHIEI 
TAXY6POKEIOY TAXY6POMUEI 
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45.2 3.5 48.6 
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313.8 27.8 348.8 
18.2 1.3 11. 5 
63.5 4.2 67.7 
269 .8 29.5 299.3 
9.7 1. 2 11.9 
288. 2 25.4 233.6 
1. 5 8. 1 1.6 I K6t1 X6ptc 58.9 18.5 69.4 I 
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BUyto 68.8 28.5 18. 7 
Aavla 41. 7 48. 9 17.4 
reppavla 59.3 31.1 18. 7 
EU66a 65.6 28.3 '. 1 
Ionavla 72. 2 26.3 1. 5 
faAUa 54.S 41.5 4.8 
IpAav6la 42.1 31. 4 26.6 
ItaAla . 66.6 38.8 3.4 
Aou(c11806pro 88.4 9.5 18. 1 
Kh1 Uptc: 81.8 17.2 1.2 
Dop1oyaAla 68.1 36.3 3.6 
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4. ff RPOUHIH 
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en l loytc; 6oov atop6 1a tpyaouu6 Upata, 1J En l tpon~ npot8q otq ouycp61qa11 ou118ouAtut u~c; 
to ttpon~c; pt tqv nevu11la Co1ite Paritaire < n L tpon~ unpooh11oqc; >, nou ta en upttu va 
Kataoto6v yvtottc; ot t106tt u: t6oo tqc; epyo6oo lac; 600 cat ttv epya~o11hn tou npoatn uo6 
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topta 11v 1axu6poptl1v<nap6Alqla PE TQV av6ntu~q TQC: noAtTtr~c; auT~c;>. 
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lEtAAAIO H YtlIYARENH lAYAITAIH : 
RPOBAHKATA lAI RPOKAHIEII 
1. EIEArOrH 
lnapxh, to nap6v ut6AGlo tnt6lhtt va ouvotlou ta qyev~ otriv Utlathnri ut6otaori 
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eh u~c: pufp lotl rnc: apx~c:. Katd TQV avayv•p lGQ av npoUnphn nou nptnt l va 
anq.1nanta106v, q avUuan ta utvet va entuvtpdel auc: anodlouc: 1.1naU rpnh ptUv. 
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napouold~tl onµavtlKt<: 6laKuµdvott<;.) 
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av1tµt11nloouv ot nEA6t£<: e(altlac: 1nc ut10161.1£vf)<: ra1601aonc fa ~tav oK6ntµo va £(ttao3o6v 
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2. 1 OPIIMOI 
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un6pX£l KOlVOTlK6C OPlOIJ6c YlO Tf)V ftKOlV~ £ntotoA~w. 
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otov µq npootateu6µ£vo toµta ev6txetat va anootaAel µta1 tou ouot~µatoc napox~\ 
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an6 ta Kp6tn µHf) anoT£Ao0v µovonULo HIV Taxu6poµtdv Ynf)peoth. t£ Ht an6 ta 
un6Aotna, ota onola 6ev unapxet oat~c optoµ6' tav i.in npootateuoµtv1v unqpeotiv, 
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2.2 RPOIBAIH 
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anootoA~ 1axu6poµe(ou EK µtpouc tou neA61n. 
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2.2.1 KANONirtIKA 8EMATA 
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tono t 06v 6tavo11tc: ouxv6ttpa an6 11la topd n11epqol1c: 1ouA6xtotov ae optoµtvec: ntptoxtc:. 
2.2.2 DPOYD00EIEII TAXYAPOMHIHI 
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tvtuno 1c; £ttJIJEpl6a (icat 1Cat6 ouvtntla va tox6otl npott1JQotaa:6 taxu6poµtic6 tt110A6yto>. 
Ot 6tafopttlictc; ouv~~Ktc; taxu6p6µqoqc; µnope( va Atttoupy~oouv (IJ~tAqµtva ~ 6xt> 
ntptoptotta:6 otnv npoontAaon oto 1axu6poµta:6 o6otqµa. An6 tn oa:ont6 tou a:a1avaA1t~ ot 
ntptopto1.1ol autoO tou tl6ouc: dvat OXETlKOl th 1.1la Taxu6poµta:~ Ynqptola naphtt 
Aty6t£P£C: 6t£UKOA6vottc; an6 6AAouc;, ~a £(Val ntplOPlOTlK~ OUYKPlTlKd. Aut6 µnope( va 
o6ny~o£t otr1v napaµ6ptwon trJC ayopdc; rat va o6qy~ott 01nv 1axu6p6µnon an6 (~ µtott> 
optaµtv1v XIP,V, QAAd 6xt µto1 a:dnotiV 6AAIV. 
2.3 E2YRHPETHIH 
Ot ntA4T£c tVatr.:4, £nt6thouv r.:4noto auv6uaa1J6 not6tnrac, TllJ~C r.:at e~pouc av 
nQPEXOIJhU unF)p€o l h. En ( TOU nap6VTOC: OTl c: UDF)P€0 (EC anoKAE l OTl K~C: HIJHdHE UOI')<; 
EIJfQV(~OVtQl IJ€YdA€C 6taa:up6VO£lC:. 
2.3.1 EOIAOIH 
Ot unnpeolt~ nou naptxouv ot 6t4tOPEC: taxu6pOIJtKt~ Ynnptaltc atouc ntAdtt~ tou~, 
notid.Uouv. Hla Ynriptola E(unripnE( r.:atd 99l 010 £OWT£ptr6, EV' µ(a 6.>tArJ µ6Atc 15l. 
'Ooov atopd to 6taouvoptar.:6 1axu6poµElo 6Ev 6tatlftvtat enlonua aptflJFJTLKd ototxEla 
ilti!11q_I_~_H_~11q1~~l~n-~q1~q1q2n_~_[2ql!n~q1q_!11_n2q!!nq~1~------------------------q~!t~q_1~~ 
<µ0Aov61t oL Taxu6poµLKtc Ynnpcolcc npayµa1onoL06v oxc1lKtc µc1pno£LC 1wv unnpcoLiv nou 
naptxouv yLa £0i1£PlK06C AtlTOUPYlK06c OKOno6c>. 
2.3.2 IYITHMATA HETPHIHI 
o l ndhcc µnopo6v £ho A a va 6 tan L odoouv 6H ou66v 6Acc o l taxu6poµ l Ktc Ynnpco l cc 
txouv 6taTuntocl <6lx•c 10T600 va £tapµ6oouv> oT6xouc YlO To tfVlK6 <co1t£PlK6> 
TQXU6POIJ£(O, all6 6XL flQ TO EV60KOlVOtlK6 n KOl 6t£fVtC tOXU6poµt(o. Ot Ot6XOl YlO TO 
nnctp1ttK6 tnLotoltK6 taxu6poµclo atopo6v tf)v tax6tqta pttafop6c, 6lx•c va avattpovtaL 
Ota 6AAa nOLOTlK6 xapaKtf)PlOtlKd. 
An6 ta 6L6topa ouo1npa1a nou xpqotponoto6vtaL o~ptpa yta tf) pttpnon t1v tnt66oc1v KaT6 
HJV napoxn unqpeoth, to o6otqpa phpqoqc an6 hpou £l\ hpov dvat to 
anotEAE01JattK6tEPO £D£L6~ OX£tl~£tat PE tl~ £1.tRELPlE~ tlV ntAattv. MtAtttC an6 6Kpou 
ct~ hpov ouxvd ano6£LKv6ouv 6tL ta dAAa ouot~pata nou XPQOl1JOnoto6v ot Taxu6poµlKtc 
Ynnpeolcc, untpHTLIJ06v HC npaypatLd~ touc tnl66o£lc. Ol ncAhcc ouxva 6£lxvouv 
µcyaA6ttpf) EIJTILOT006Vf) Ota OUOT~IJata µttpf)Of)C nou £tapp6~ovtal avc~dptf)TQ. 
2. 4 TUIOAOfHIH 
Ot neAdTEC µnopo6v thoAa va 6tantodoouv 6TL to 8aou6 Tq.10A6yto yla µla concplKn 
cnto10An Sdpouc 28 g nolKlll£l an6 8,15 ECU tic 8,58 ECU. Ev6txctal n 6lanlot1on au1n 
VO ~.U)V f Eipf)f £ ( EKRlf) Ktl Kn 6t6optvou 6tL ta X01Jf)l6t£pa T t pol6y l 0 ouvnhC £ f Op1J6~0VTO l 
OTlC xtptc IJE TO X01Jf)l6TEPO K601oc 6ta8(1onc. 
EVT06TOlC, tv6tX£TOl va tlvat 66oKolo yta TOY ntldtf) va Katavonocl TlC 6lOKUIJQVO£lC TIV 
lllJh ntpav o:dnv nou tox6ouv yta ta Saotd Tl1JOA6yta. 16lalt£pa Ta 6tatOP£TlKd 
npOTllJf)OlOKQ TllJOl6yta nou npoottPOVTOl au~dvouv Tl~ 6tafoptc Tlµiv 0£ OPlOIJtV£C 
ntpLnTiotl\, cvt ot aAAtc anpoo661n1a Tl\ 1J£livouv <µ£ anoTtAtoµa oc µla xipa µ£ utnA6 
K6oToc 6taSl1onc va Kaf(oTavTat npootT6ttpa an6 6Tt oc µla xipa nou napa6oota1a 
EIJfOV(~El xaµqA6ttpo K60TOC 6ta8(1onc>. 
2.5 IlAIODOIHIH TOI DEAAION 
AaµSavov10c un6tn Tf)V notuAla nou napatqpdtat, dvu npouvtc 6ll ot ncAhcc nou 
cntauuo6v va anooTtllouv taxu6poµtlo ot 6t6tOP£C 6ttuf6vottc 6A1v 11v KOlVOTlKiv x1piv 
dvat anlfavo va aupnoouv 6H n uttodµcvn KatdoTaon dvu L6lalttpwc tKavonolf)llKn. 
EVT06totc, KQ1l avaloyo 6£V ouvenaytTal 6Tl 6Aol Ol ntAdTEC nav106 ElVal 6uoapt01f)IJtVOl 
IJE Tf)V not61n1a TIV naptx6µ£VIV Taxu6p01JlK6v unqp£OliV. 
0 Safµ6c lKOVORO(f)Of)\ E(OpThOl an6 TOY Tp6no IJE TOY onolo Ol nEAhcc Kafopl~ouv 1f)V 
noL61n1a av napn6µcnv unnptoLh KOl an6 TO Kata n6oov o <ot> 1axu6poµLK6C <ol> 
,optac (£{\) EKIJE1QH£UOf)\, 010 6f)IJ60l0 Kalin TOY l6UITlK6 Toµta, E(VOl lKOV6\ (O() VO 
£ntth£l <ouv) 10 Enth1.irp6 rnlnc6o noL61n1ac. 0 Safµ6<; LKOvono(f)Of)C cv6ht1aL va 
notdHct avdAoya µc 1riv t6pa 10u ncAti1n. napaHl')Aa E(apTa1at an6 TLC npoonUEtEC nou 
K01a8UAEl 11 Taxu6p01JlK~ Ynf)pto(a npOKEtµhou VQ napQOXEl Kafo6~Yl10f) OXETlKQ IJE Tl} 
XPf)OllJOROll}OI} liV URIJPEOliV TOU. 
q~At~q_l~~--------------~---------K~t~!q1q_l_~_R_!ll~ll~l!n_!q1t~1q~n-~-[~qi~fi~q1q_!ll_[~q!An~~lt 
tuo u:6 fl xpqo qiono ( flOfl £K µtpouc; av £v6uoµtnv nEAath uv 6 l a3to l µn taxu6poµ l dv 
unripEolh, ta E~apthat an6 to ut6 n6oo o neAhric; hwpEl 6H Ol av6yuc; lOU ta 
lKQVOnOlr)fo6v an6 llc; EV A6yw UDrJPEO(E(. IuµntpaoµattK6, Ol EµTIElp(E~ an6 µla unqptola 
6nµtoupyo6v optoptve~ npoo6oK(£<; yta triv napox~ aval6y11v unqpeot•v nou pt 1q otlp6 touc; 
rafopl(ouv tn xpQolµono(qoq. Ot tv A6y11 tµntlp{ec; Kat npoo6oKl£<; nolK(llouv peta~6 111v 
rpat•v µ£A6v rat µeta~6 11v 6tat6p1v ntptf£P£t•v tqc; Kotv6tqtac;. 
o ndhrJc nou 6u111tve t oe icphoc 11Uoc tou onotou 'l Taxu6poi.it r~ Ynqpeo{a naphu 
unripeo h:~ a~ t6n tot£<; Kat6 99t <BHnt naphpato~ 13. 1 avntpw > tv6htta t va epn tot£ uh l 
µ(a oqpavttlC~ enayyeA11a1lK~ entotoA~ OtlC rotvtc unqpeoltc; 1axu6po11tlou· avttft11c 
£K£lYO( 0 onoloc 6taµtY£l 0£ tva Kp6TO( µtAoc 11£ avtlotOLXf) Q~lODlOtla µ6At( 15l £(YQl 
noA6 Aty61tpo ntfav6 va·np6~£t r6tt av6Aoyo. 
Kat6 ouvtneta, ot 6tatOP£ttKt~ npoo6oKltc; o6nyo6v oe 6tatopettK6 ox~µata xpnotponolnonc; 
Kat we er to6tou oe 6tafopettrt( avttA~t£l( 6oov atop6 touc; 016xouc xpqotµonolqooc 111v 
taxu6poµtrtv unnpeot•v. Entnltov, o avtay1vtop6( <ral t6tal1epa o tµµeooc; av1ay1vtoµ6c;> 
£Y6tX£tOl va oupJ6Aouv Otf)Y 11£ta8ol~ tMV EV l6yi QVtll~·EiY. 
2.5.1 6IAIYHOPIAKEI YDHPEIIEI 
Ev6htta.t ot neUttc; SJ£ 6taouvopuutc; anat t~OELC va µqv tup~oouv t6tal t£pa 
tKavonotqtlrtc; tt<; unqpeolec; nou anoorono6v 01nv K6Autn au1•v t1v avayKtv touc;. 
Aut6 ev µtptt ta ottlhtal otnv nolunloK61nta nou anoppht an6 tnv enat~ JJE noHtc; 
taxu6poµtKtc; Ynqpeo(£<; £t6oov o nel6tqc; npoKplv£l Tfl A6ori au1n npoKetµtvou va tnlt6X£l 
tr) 6lavoµ~ 0£ 6lafopttu:6 KPhn µUri nou t(unqptto6vtal an6 ll( tv A6y11 Taxu6poµtKt~ 
Yn11peo(ec;. Ev µtpel tn(oqc; ta oulAEtaL 01nv a6lhopn nol6tn1a av unnpeoth nou 
naptxovtat yla 1axu6poµt(o auto6 tou £l6ouc <ot 86poc 1ric lotac; 1ric Kolvnc ayop6c;>. 
2.5.2 RPOIErrIIEII JOY ANtArOHIIKOY 
Eh tvac; neAhqc; fup~oet 6tl o l Aoyl Ktc tou npoo6od EC, 6oov atopd trJV napox~ 
ouyr£rptµtv1v unnptot•v ouotnµatlKQ 6tat£66ovtal, £v6txttal va Katal~(tl 010 ouµntpaoµa 
6tt "a ~taV npttµ6upo Va au(f)h{ 0 avtayntoµ6c n va KQ&l£P613£l 0 QVtOYMVlOIJ6(. 
Avtt ttac;, £l val a66va to va &up~oe t or6n q.1q TrJV av6n r u(n o t ao6nnotE npttro8ouAl ac nou 
&a txet we anottAeoµa va t£t£l 0£ K(v6uvo n napoxn Ka&oAtKnc unqp£olac. 
Ol n£l6TE( Otl( TI£Pl006T£pE( TI£Plftp£ LEC Tr}C Kot v6tr)TQ( txouv np6oSaon 0£ unqp£0l£C 
KOTETI£ty6VtlV <nou OTO TIEPL006t£pa an6 ta Kp6tn µtAn naptxovtal IJE £A£6&tpo 
av1aywvL0µ6>. Ev6txeral va Ent&uµo6v rn xpqotµonolnon av6Aornc unnptolac 61av 
ent6t,rouv tqv r4Autn tl6lK'v avayKiv touc yla 1riv tKavonolrion twv onolwv 6£v tnapr£l ri 
anot£Atoµattrn napoxn twv Kotviv raxu6poµlriv unqptotiv. 
001600, OE 6AAtc ntpt"tiotlC tv6txtrat va KataAn(ouv otn xpnoLµonolnon avaA6ywv 
un~ptol,v, 61av n E(unqpttnon twv anA•v EntotoAiv 6tv tnapKtl yta rnv travonolnon 
tlttAq1~_1_~_li_lt1~li~l1n_1q1t~1q~n-~-n~qtAn~llq_11U._u~q1An~l1t ________________________ ~lAl~~-1~1 
OTOlX£l16•v Taxu6pOIJlK'V avayK,V. ITlC: n£ptnT,0£lC: auttc:, £v6tX£TQl, Ol fOptlc; 
IJETafopac; uttntty6nn va tlvat ot Hori va £nt86Houv utqA6uptc: Hµtc: t~attlac: TrJC: 
tAAEltrJC: avtay1vtoµo6 El µtpouc: tlV unqptot•v 6taK(Vr)Or)C: lOlv•v tnlotoA•v. 
2.5.J KINHIIIOIHTA TON OPOI60KION THI OEAATEIAI 
Ot npoo6od£C: uv ndath 11ovlµ1c; Elltavl~ouv avo6tdc; t6ottc:. Ev6h£tat Enloqc;, va 
Kataoto6v t6 tat ttp1c; £~£ t6 t uu11h£c;. Ev yhu auto6 tou £l6ou~ "Kl Vf)t tc:• npoo6od £<; 
ava11tv£tat va travonotrito6v KaA6t£pa £t6oov £Rltpan£l o 11tytotoc; 6uvat6c; avtay1vto116c; 
6 luc; va t { f na l 0£ "l v6uvo ri napox~ ufol te~c; unf)p£o lac;>. To yqov6c; 6tt aut6 6£V 
ou11Balv£l 0~11epa £v6tX£tGl va npoKaA£l anoyo~ttuoq 0£ nollo6c; n£Adttc;. 
J. H IlORIA TOY tOPEA ElKETAAAEYEHI 
Ta ox6Ata nou anoAouto6v tntrtvtpAvovtal otq ttof) t1v Taxu6po11trAv Ynqp£olAv un6 tr)V 
t6t6tqtd touc; 1c; topt1v napox~c; npootat£uo11tv1v unqp£ot6v tvavtt t1v npo8Anµ6t1v nou 
raAo6vtal va avtl1J£t1nloouv O~IJtpa. 
J.1 NONilA 9ENATA 
Atv htt raaotel oattc: Kata n6oov to rphoc; 11Hoc; ~ n Taxu6poptK~ Ynnpeola £lvat 
ap1166tot va ouvantouv ou11t1vl£c; oto nAaloto tr)<; RTE u611n Kat 6tav ot ou11t1vltc; auttc; 
txouv tox6 v6pou. 
EntBdAAEtal va Or)IJEltfEl 6tt optoph£c; anotaouc; tqc; RTE <ut ev6uo11tnc; aK611ri Kat 
optoptvec: ouotaottc; tr)<; CEPJ) tv6h£tat va BploKovtal 0£ 6Laotaon µ£tr) tuvf~Kr) tr)<; 
P•11ric;. 
3.2 OPOIBAIH 
0t1pr)tlKa 6tv fa nptntl va unapxtt µtydAo np68Aqµa nporttµtvou va tntttuxfo6v optoµtvtc; 
anAonot~ottc; Kat tpononot~OElC: 11£ 016xo Ol npounofto£t<; np6o8aoqc; touAaxtotov OTlC: KOl­
vtc: taxu6p01JlKtc: UDQPEO(Ec; va Kataoto6v D£Pl006t£po £VlQ(£<; OTO £01t£PlK6 tr)<; IOlV6tn­
Tac:. Evto6tOlC:, ot µtyaA6tEP'IC: tµBtAttac; an6nttp£c; tvapµ6vtoqc; tv6txttat va ouvavt~oouv 
avtlotaor) t6oo an6 ttc; Taxu6poµtKtc: Ynqptoltc; 600 rat an6 touc; utavahttc: tt6oov 6£v 
£~aotaAl~ouv oat•c Ktp6q yta touc; KatavaA1ttc; Kat tr) Atttoupyla t1v 1c: 6v1 unqptot6v. 
Mtta(6 11v napa6ttyµa11v ouyKataAtyovtat ot npoonaf£t£C: ttapµoy~c; tvtal1v npo6taypafAv 
yta 6Aouc: TlC: Taxu6poµtdc: Ynqpeolec: trJC: Iotv6tqtac: Kata tp6no nou va lOX6£t duo 
6tax1ptoµ6c; tntotoA•v-6tAtapl1v aftv6c: Kat 6AA1v avttKEtµtv1v attttpou, tlt£ o 
6tauptoµ6c: µna(6 taxu6poµtlou nphqc: Kat 6£6T£pqc: ddoqc:, avt( Khotot E( auth va 
t•apµ6{0UV TOV np,TO KOl KQTIOlOl aAAot TOV 6t6ttpo. fi£patttp1 napd6£tyµa £V6tX£tQl VO 
qtAl~q_1~a--------------~--------'~1qAq1~_1_~-~-~11q1q~~Yn_!q1qq1qqn_~-R~~1!n~q1q_!q1_n~~!!n~~1~ 
anouAtos t l'J npoonah ta Kah tp101')<: unoxputtt dv 6 t aotdosn y la Tl'JV KO l vo En l otoM IJE 
rafoptoptvE<: Safp{6£<: 86pou<;. 
'AAAo<: toµta<: yla tov onolo anattEltat l'J Efap11oyo ouvEno6<: noAttlKO<: tlvat tKElvo<; nou 
OtOP6 ti) XPr)O LIJOTIO ( 1)01) TOU 6 t n6ou npootaTE uo1.1tv1v UTil'JPEO l h H ptpouc; HIV t6 Lttll dv 
tophv. Opt 01.1tvt<; Taxu6pop u:tc Ynru>to l £<: npoonato6v va anofapp6vouv auto6 tou tl 6ouc; 
tl)V np6o8aoq td 6AAOl QVHIJE'Utnnouv TOU<: t6li'tlK06<: tOP£l<: EKIJET6Ahuoqc; I\ ntAht<: 
11cyt\Ao<: d l pau<; < 601<; o t tontp ut<; •unqpto l E<: ouyt:tnp10Q<: u t npoHQOO<: 
taxu6poµtlou•>. 
3.3 DOIOTHTA TOI RAPEXOREIOI YRHPEIIOI 
'OAOl Ol ntA6t£<: ft1po6v 6tl I) not6tl)tQ TIY naptx6µ£VIY UDQP£OliV, avt(6ptl)ta an6 tov 
tp6no nou tqv opl~ouv, tlvat to oqµavttK6ttpo xapartqptottK6 touc;. Enl tou nap6vto<;, q 
E(unqpttl)O~ tOU<: EK ptpouc; llV topt1v napox~<: KQfOAtKiV unqptot•v OOLKlAlst KQl 
optoµtva an6 ta 6q11oottu61.1tva anoteltoµata oxtttK6 I.IE tt<: tnt66ott<: touc; 6tv ft1po6vtat 
an6 6Aou<: tou<; ntA6tt<: a(t6ntota. 
3.3.1 EDIAOIEII 
Ta tnloqµa apttpqtLKB otoLxtla opto11tv1v Taxu6poµtK•v Ynqptot6v ano6ttKv6ouv 6tL 
tnttuyxavovtat ot ot6xot nou tlxav ttttl yta tl)v not6tl')ta ttv naptx61.1tv1v unqptot6v oto 
to1t£PLK6 tn<: £TILKp6ttLa<: <1.10Aov6tt optoµtvot an6 tou<; EV A6y1 opyavtoµo6<; t(tt6~ouv to 
tv6tx61.1tvo xpqotµonoll')Ol'J<: ttv ouotqµa11v an6 6Kpou El<: 6Kpov nou naptxouv Jtyal6ttpl'J 
up(SttaL 'AHt<: Taxu6po11tKt<: Ynqptolt<: 6tantothouv 6tt 6tv txouv tntthtt tou<; 
ot6xou<; tou<; ot 11eyal6ttpo O IJLKp6ttpo 8at116. 
H tnlAuoq tOU npoBAOµato<; Tl)<: StAt(IOl'J<: TIV £nt660£1V Kata Tl')V napoxo UOl'JPEOliV 
r.:aflnatat ttoht 6uoxeptottpa £~at tla<: Tl'J<: av4YKl'J<: tHyxou av 6anavh. 'OAt<: ot 
Taxu6poµ l Kt<: Ynqpcolt<: 6 txd~ovta l TUT u:a otnv npoondtt t6 Tou<; va avttµtttn loouv tl')V 
nlton yta tov tAcyxo 11v 6anav6v Kat Tl'JV analrqoq yta StAtlton 11v unnpeotev. 
H 8£ltltol') tn<: not6tnta<: t1v napcx611tv1v unl')pEotiv tv6txtTal va tlvat ttottt 
npoBAnµattKOTEPl'J Otl<: ntptnt60El\ unl')pEot6v Katd Tl\ onolt<: 0 fOpta<: EKIJETBlltUOl'J<: 6tv 
KatopUvEl va XElPLOtd tn ~Otl'JOl'J r:at dvat unoxpuµtvoc va avTL6p6 ot autov. AutO 
tlvat Kat6 86011 l'J tton t1v 61')11ool1v taxu6po11tKiv toptwv tKIJttdlltuon<: nou unoxpc6vovtat 
va 6txovtal KBfE tl6ou~ taxu6po11clo. Katd tov tp6no auT6, KaA06v1at va avtanoKpt~o6v, 
r.aid 'CO 6uvat6v En l luxtottpa OTl~ KQTQOTQOE l <: µq (oif)C Ka l tAOX l OTfl<: ~Oll'JOf)~' 6 (UC 
ntptttt<: au(~otl~ 6anaviv ~ anap66£Kifl unoSd~µLofl Tfl<: not6tf)ta<: ttv naptxo11tvwv 
unnp£Olh. 
H tnlt£U(I') TIV Unf)pEOlaKh ot6uv £Y6hETal va hEl KQTQOtd 6uoxcptottpn OE optoµtvEc 
Taxu6poµtd<: Ynriptolt<: E(attlac trJC avtn6pKEla<: ~ TflC rnhottprioric av tntv66otwv yta 
iOV EKµn,xavtoµ6 TIV 11ova61v 0 lf)V Efapµoy~ OUOTf)µatwv iEXVOAoy(a<; nlf)POt6Pl')OI')<;. OoT6oo, 
ot tntv66ottc auto6 tou d6ouc 6tv E(aotaAl~ouv rnHHP£C unripEolt<: ~ xa11nA6ttptc 
6an6vt<;. 
Ta 11Hri CEPT houv ftonlott aT6nw<: To ot6xo 1ou H • 3 (1pl1ri Epyaotµri tnttrn an6 TflV 
taxu6p6µf)Ol'J) yta 10 6taouvoptar6 ~axu6poµtlo <ouµnEptAaµSavoµtvou Tou tv6oKOlVOTlKou 
~!tq!«i~_1_~-H-~11q1gu~~~-!«1qq1gqn_~-n~~l!nug1g_!g1_rrR~!!nqlt~ ________________________ qi!i~«-l~~ 
taxu6poµtl ou >. MoAov6tl 6£ v houv 6ru.100 t Euf tl Ent o~µw<; ta £v6oKo t votl Kd 
anot£Atoµata anoKaA6ntouv £nl tou nap6vto<; µ6vo 481 twv taxu6poµtK6v avttK£tptvwv 
£ntturxhouv to ot6xo aut6. H ut6ataof) out~ ano6£tKV6£l tt<; £H£lt£l<; nou unapxouv 
6oov afopa tl<; £nt66o£l<; icat6 tf)v napox~ unf)p£oth ot onolt<; fa nph£t va 
QVtll1£llDlOt06V. 
3.3.2 KEtPHIEII 
Itqv (OlV6tl)ta XPIJOlllOTIOl06vtat tpla 6lCltOP£tllCQ ouothata µhpf)Of)<; (6lu<; VCI ylvnat 
avatopa Otl<; 6latOP£t uct<; tUVl Kt<; 6£l n1at0Aqt (a). rnua, ta ( V£tat va avaynp Hna l 
6tl Ol µetp~oetc; an6 6Kpou £le; 6Kpov elvat to 116vo anot£AtoµattK6 0601ri11a. 
Ot taxu6po,udc; Ynqpaolec; elvat µhpt onyµ~c; anp6tu1ac; va 6riµoou6oouv anouU01.1ata 
OX£TlKQ 11£ tl<; £nt660£l<; tOU<; OTOV 101.1ta TOU £V60KOlVOtlK06 taxu6poµelou. 
3. 4 TillOAOfIA 
Ta tlµoA6yta notrlAAouv e(attla<; 11v 6tatop6v oto K6otoc; 11eta(6 t1v x1p6v toe; 
Kotv6tf)ta<; Katt<; enloric; KOl e(attlac; t1v 6tatop6v µ£ta(6 t1v £tapµo~6µ£v1v apx6v 
ttµoA6yqoq<; <ouµnept.AaµSavoµtv1v t1v 6tatopttlK6v npooeyylo£1v 6oov atopa ta 
ent6t1K6µeva tnlne6a ano6ottK6tota<; KaL TL<; 6taotaupo6µtv£c; ent6ot~o£l<;). 
3.4.1 AOrIITIKA 8EMATA 
rt l(: 6 L 6tOP£<; dpt<; TO<; Kol v6tf)ta<; £tapµ6~ona l 6 L OtOP£t u:o ( Kav6v£<; KG l ou118do£ l<; 
AoytottK~<;. Aut6 Kata ouvtneta tnf)pt4~£L 6A£c; tt<; ouyKplottc; nou npayµa1onoto6vtat otov 
toµta 11v 1axu6poµel1v. Auto6 tou tl6ouc; ot 6tatopt<; t£lvouv va KataA~(ouv 0£ 6tatoptc; 
ttpoA6ynonc; ut, teAtd, ot 6tautptottK6 Hqxo. Tip6u:ttat rnlonc; va Kata(nnoouv 
6uoxeptot£pf) tov £tapµoyn £vtal1v apxtv yla ta ttµoA6yta. 
TiapaAAqAa 6tantot6vetat 6tt KOL £Vt6c; twv opl1v nou Kafopl~ouv ot £fVtKt<; ouµ86o£l<; yta 
ti) AoylOtlK~, ta 6taftotµa 6£6oµtva yla tl<; 6an4v£<; 6tattpouv ooSapa µ£ta(6 
Taxu6poµtr6v Ynf)p£ot6v 6tatOP£ttK6v rpativ µeAiv. 
3.4.2 AARANEI 
'Ooov afopa tf) 6t6pfp1of) av 6anavh ot tntµtpouc; Taxu6poµtKt<; Ynf)p£ol£<; µnop£l va 
EIJfGV(~ouv 6lOfOPt<; IJEl0(6 tOU<;. Oot6oo, 6Aot Uf(OtCIVTQL Tf)V fto6vfAltf)ft nou Ot£lA£tQl 
OTQV av4yKf) va 6LQtf)pQfo6v xaµqAtc; Ol ttµt<; KGl napdAAqAa va QVTlµEtlntoto6v Ol nLtOEl<; 
an6 tf)v au(qtlK~ t4oq t1v 6anav,v. 
Ot altl£<; av 6lafoph tQ<; ratavoµ~c; twv 6anavh notrlHouv. Kafoptottr~<; oqµaola<; 
napayovt£<; nou Enqptd~ouv tqv ano6ottK6tqta Elvat o 6qµoypaftK~ nurv6tf)ta rat o 
anottA£oµattr6tqta tQ<; Uttot6µ£vq~ uno6oµ~<; µ£1a9opiv. H napay1ytK6tqta tnloq<; 
q~!l~~-t11 ________________________ ~~,q~qt~_1_~_H_~1tq1q~~~n-~q1q~1qqrr_~_R~~~!n~q1q_iqt_rr~~i!nq~t~ 
tnqpE6~ttat an6 tr) ouxv6tqta IJE tqv onola ot ntUH<; tdvouv va xpqoq.1onoto6v tt<; 
taxu6poµ u:t<; unC)pto ( £\ raU<; rat an6 Tl<; £ ntv66ot L <; nou npayµa rono l ~fr) Kav rat~ to 
naptH6v y la tr)V Efapµoy~ anoTEAEOJJOTl dv OUOTQIJhltV ~ TOV O:IJr)XOV toµ6 tltV 
£YKGTQOTdO£iV. To K60TO<; TOU n6pou KafoptOTtKnC oqµao(a<;, ntol TOU npOOintK06, 
ev noAAol<; enqp£6~£Tat an6 to enlnt6o aµotB•v nou notKlAAtl JJ£ta(6 11v Kpat•v µ£A•v. 
Oat6ao, 0 fOpta<; £KJJ£T4AA£UOr)<; £(aroAouf£{ va QVTlJJ£Tlnl~El "nttOEl<; £(Gltla<; TIV 
au(qtlr•v tdoEIV 11v 6anav6v µto1 TIV npayµatlr•v au(~OEIV 11v 6anav•v nopootnlro6. H 
EV A6y1 nltOr) £V6tX£TQl va KllJJOKlf£{ ntpatttp1 E(Ottlac TQC npo8Atn6µevqc oupplKVIOQC 
Ttv 6uvat0Tn11v E(aot6A1oqc npoo1ntro6. 
MaKponp6&£oµa, n En l ttu(n 1nc EV ta lac ayop6c ev6heta l va o6rnnoE t otr) µ£lion av 
6lOKUJJ6V0£1V nou undpxouv o~µepa 0£ optoµtva µtpq TOU OUOT~IJQTO<; KQTQVOJJ~C TIV 6anav•v. 
Oot6oo I 6ni<; n6n avattpfr)K£ op lOJJhO l nap6yovuc ( 6n1c r) 6nµoypaf l K~ nunhqta) 6EV 
Bp loKovta l un6 Tov Hqxo tlV fophv uµtt6UEuonc. t£ op l oµtvouc 6Uouc TOJJE l <; < 6n1<; 
to enlne6o aµotB•v> Elval anlfavo va µtt1fo6v Taxt1c ot 6laruµdvoELC t1v 6anav•v. 
3.4.3 EKTITOIEI! 
Ol n£ptoo6TEP£<; an6 Tl<; Taxu6pOJJlKt<; Ynqpeo(£<; npoottpouv RPOTlJJr)OlOICd TlJJOA6yta YlO TQ 
htuna µe ouvuAtott<; xphonc nou Kat6 Kav6va dvat ~n1uoy6vot. Ol EV A6y1 Ynnpeolt<; 
Katd ouvtntta a6uvato6v VO npoBAttouv n VG tAty(OUV Tr)V KA(µara TIV ~r)JJl6V TOU<; 
6e6oµtvou ht Kafopl~ttat an6 tov 6yro tou rnxu6poµelou nou te>.td TOU< epntot£6ovtat 
Ol £K66H~. 
Ot ntptoo6ttptc unnpeolt<; <ot onolE~ 6tv tauTl~ovTat anapaltqTa µ£ tt<; npoavafEp3elot<;) 
npoo,tpouv tKnt,ott<; yta 1nv napox~ npootateuoµtv1v unnpeot'v £f6oov µtpo<; tn<: tpyaola\ 
6ttrntpat•vouv ot anooToAtl<. tt optoµtvt< neptnT•oet~ raT6 Ta fatv6µeva ot trn1•ott<; 
unepSalvouv ta nood nou t(oucovoµobvtat an6 Tt< 6anht~. EntnHov uv npoSAnµhn 
npooTaola<; twv to661v, otnv ntp(nT1on autn undpXEl Klv6uvo< ot tKnT•oetc nou 
3eonl~ovtat 01ov npootaTeu6µtvo 1oµta va Atttoupynoouv 1c; rlvn1pa yta Touc; ncA6T£C otov 
µn npootattu6µtvo ioµta. 
3.4.4 AIEfiIAOTHIEit 
'OAt<; ot Taxu6poµtKt<; Ynnptolt<;, E~atpouµtvn~ TQ<; tonavtKn~, npoonaeo6v va npo1enoouv 
Tij 6tdfEOij unnptot•v otnv ayopd 6oov QfOP~ Tl~ tnlOTOAt<; EOMT£PlK06 BdO£l EV6~ EVtalou 
TtµoAoylou UE anottAtoµa va ra~{o1av1at anapaltntt\ optoµtve~ ytwypaftKt<; 
6ttnt6otnott~. EntnAtov, ot 6ttnt6oTnott\ tuvoo6vtat an6 triv nlton nou aoro6v optoµtvE\ 
"anoot0Hc;" nou avat(ftvtat ot optoutvouc an6 tt<; Taxu6po1nKt\ Ynnpeole<; t(tt an6 1n 
voµoftola nou tou<; t~aotaAl~tt anorAttottKd 6tKat•µata tltE ouvtntla noAtTtKiv 
ano,dotwv twv Ku8epvnot~v touc;. 
t£ optoµtvec; ntptnt~ottc; ot 6ttnt601natt\ tlvat <n µnoptl va tlvat> to anottAtoµa tfap­
µoync; avrnapK•c: EAaottK~v 6ta6tKaotiv ttµoA6ynon<;. EntnAtov, tdv n KAlµaKa 1wv 
£Kr.T,0£iV 6£V ava3£ip£ltat TQKTlkd µ£ lijV ndpo6o TOU xp6vou £v6tXETQl OL nap£x6µ£V£\ 
ii1q~q1q_1_~-R-~11q1t~~in_111tq1q~n-~-[~ql!n~q11_1q1_n~q1!fiqi1t ________________________ q~!l~q_111 
undoetc va anodlvouv an6 HIV e~otr:ov61111011 nou ouotaottKC ent tuuhnat oe enlne6o 
6anavh. 
3.4.5 lATAAHltllA YEAH 
R£ptAqntlK6, ta IJ£lOVEKT~'1ata TOU OUOt~patO( KataAqKtlK6v T£A6v ti)( RTE £(Val tpla 
q r:ataBoA~ tou auto6 avttotatµtottco6 nooo6 av6 ctA6 ave(6ptqta an6 tov apttµ6 t1v 
GVtlKEllJtVIV nou nepttXEl to KlA6 aut6, 
to o6otqµa t1v nateph cnaAqnuh tdh hv uA6ntu ta 6tafopntd enlne6a 
unqpeot6v nou anatto6vtal 1at6 tq 6tavoµ~, 
6e6optvou 6tt np6r:ettal yta evtalo o6otqµa Kat I( er: to6tou n6oxet otq -60µ~ tou an6 
npoBA~pata nou oxetl~ovtal µe tou( ptoou( 6pou(. 
'Aoxeta µe tl( an6t£t( yta tqv a~la t1v unqpeot6v avataxu6p6µqoq( t1v onol1v q av6ntu(q 
otqplxtqr:e ott( ev A6y1 6Lafopt(, elvat a66vato tva o6otqµa av6Aoyo tou £fapµo~oµtvou 
YlG ta lOtaAqltll4 ttAn µ£ £µfaV6( napaµopf1µtvn TQV OlKOVOµll~ TOU 86oq VG anot£AtO£l 
otatep6 un68afpo yta Tfl 6tar:lvnoq ev601otvott106 cat 6tetvo6( taxu6poµelou. 6e6oµtvou 
µ6Atota 6u to npho avaµtveut 6tt ta r:ataoal oAotva oqµavttr:6apo ent86Unat n 
Pl~lK~ avate6pqoq TQ( '1£166ou GVTlOt6tµlOI)(. 
EK µtpou( no Uh taxu6po1.1t dv opyav l oµh tf)( CEPT µeta(6 av ono l IV ouyr:ata.Utyovta t 
rat entd taxu6popucol opyavLOIJO( uv n, £YKOlvt6otnu n £fapµoy~ avatupqthto( 
OUOT~IJQTO( IJE TO onolo Kaftep6V£TQl q xpt1oq av6 QVTlKE(IJEVO. 
to ev6n6µno to ev A6y1 o6otqµa va tupntel I( ano6u:t6 ev6taµeoo ot66to yta tf)v 
enlT£u(q tdtK~( A6on( £(£Ta~nat 0£ dHo oru1elo. Ito nAaloto tf)( ev A6u avUuoq( 
£~£Ta~nu enloq( Kata n6oov to o6otnµa tf)( CEPT anouAe l anapa6enn napa8laon ttv 
r:av6v1v to~ avtay1vtoµo6 <r:at Kata ouvtneta r:ata n6oov entSdAAetat enety6vt1c q 
avatdpf)O~ TOU). 
3.5 ADAtxOAHEH 
Ot tOP£l( taxu6pOIJlK~( £Kµ£tCAAEUOf)( (6qµ6otOl lQl l6llllKO( an6 KOlY06) E(VQl 
oqµovttr:ol epyo66t£( 6e601Jtvou 6tt to npoo1ntr:6 touc avtpxttat oe ntplnou 1 ,7 
£KC1T01J1J6pta otqv Eup1nafr:~ Kotv6tnta. To anottAeoµa auto6 elvat 6tt q anaox6Anon otov 
T01Jta TIV taxu6p01J£(1v (KQl t6talttpa OTO 6f)µ6oto tµ~µa TOU) E(VQl E~OlPETlKQ oqµavtlK~ 
an6 £Up6T£Pfl KOlVIVlK~ OKODlC. 
Itov toµta t1v taxu6poµEl1v, ot aAAaytc otov tp6no Atttoupylac npoK£tµtvou va 
lKavonotqto6v Ol 6tCfOP£C tCOElC lf)C ~~Tf)Ot)C EK µtpouc TIV KOTavaA1t•v, avaµtvetal VO 
lt.vftttu A ... -.A.,,.,.,~ A,.,"'' "•""'"'.&. --7.&.---- ___ ., __ , __ .,. __ ,,,"' 
~t~t~q_11i ________________________ ~tt~!q1~_1_~_H_~11q1qMt~a_!q1qq1qqrr_~_rr£Q~!rrMq1q_!q1_n£Q!!fiqt1~ 
EqJEtOHEUOr)\ ~a nptnEl va QV1'l6paoouv Oto KOlVltVlK6 KOL l6La(tEpa to 6riµoypaflK6 
ntpl86Hov. 
3.5.1 AHMOfPAtlKEI TAIEII 
Ol 6qµoypaftKt<: t60tl<: fa ptta86Aouv Tf)V ntAattlQK~ 86oq, aAA6, elvat lo1<; 
of)pav1l K6upo, ta houv tn l n1'ou<: ota anoUµaia epyat u:o6 6uvaµ uo6 an6 ta ono la 
µnopo6v va av1Ao6v Ol tOPEl~ ElµEt6AAEU0f)~. 
3.5.2 AIATAPAXEI ITHN DAPOXH EPfAIIAI 
H OUVOAll~ ~~tQOQ npOOITill06 ~tOV 1oµta TIV 1axu6poµtl1v (OTO o6voAo tiV 6qpool1v lQl 
l6lltlK'V fOpt1v EKP£t6AAEUOf)<) ElVal noA6 nttav6 6tl ta napapt(Vtl otaftp~. Evto6tOl<:, 
at optopht<: ntptntAo£L<: avaptvnu 6tt ot vtE<: tpyaolut<: avayK£<: 6tv fa 
avtanoiplvovtal aKptSA<: 01qv naAat6ttpq napox~ tpyaola<:. 
3.5.3 ERAffEAMATIKH KATAPTIIH 
Ol npoavaftpttlot<: TOOEl< tG KatQOT~OOUV ElOhl oqµaVTLK6TEpQ Tr)V Kat6pttoq. 16(1<: 
µ4Atota OtOU<: toptl<: tr)<: aptl6ttPQ<: E~Unqpttf)OfJ<: TIV ntAaTAv, Tr)<: XPfJOllJOTIOlQOQ< vtou 
µqxavtKo6 e(onAtopo6, tqv napox~ vt1v unqptotAv Kat 1n 6taXttptoTtK~ avanTu(n. 
3.6 TEXIIlA 8E!ATA 
H ota6~noTE evapµ6vton fa nptntl va 6tKaloAoytlTat an6 TrJV dno•ri TrJ<: t~aotUlO'l<: 
H6£Xoptvn OAEOVEKTr)IJOUV OTOV l(QtavahT~. 0<: EK T06TOU nptnEL va avaHovTal Ol 
tntntAoEt<: nou fa txouv OTOU<: KatavaA11t<: Ol otto6~noTE IJETaBoAt<:. 
Ot t6tt1ttKol •oPEl<: uµetaHeuon<: cµtavl~ouv TfJV Taon va EnEv66ouv µqaHTEpo nooooT6 
HIV to66n TOU<: OlQV an6nqon vta<: TEXVOAoyla<: Kat Tf)V EnlTEU~f) IJf)XaVlOIJ06 an'6ll Ol 
taxu6po1HKt<: Ynqptolt<:. Aut6 ano6elx•nKE t6talupa avayKalo yta t~ 6~µtoupyla vhv 
unqpeotiv <6nt<: 11v KO'ftntty6v11v>. 
EvTo6tOl\ napa1qpo6vTat nHov µla "tnEV6uolOK~ opµ~" nou aLHo>.oydtat an6 Tnv av6yrn 
va E~aotaAlofo6v avTay1vto1tK6 nAtovtKT~µaTa µto1 Tn<: a~tonolnon<: tn<: TExvoAoy(a<: (6n1<: 
Ylll nap66tlyµa Tq~ l£XVOAoyla~ napaKo.l.o63qOf)~ Kat €VTOfilOIJ06 n Tn' n.l.EKlPOVlK~\ 
avtaHayn~ 6£6oµtv1v), Kal µtow r:a>.6tEpou A£tTovpytKo6 cUuou µ£ 1nv a~tonolnon 
B£ATtMµtvwv ouoTqµ6Twv 6LaxtlplOfJ\ twv 6lKT61v. 
4. ADO TH [(OOIA ION EONICON KANONIITIKON APXOI 
tTnv TIAEto•nt(a TWV KpaTtV IJEA~V Ol KQVOVlOltKt\ Klll €0LX£LpnoLaKt\ A£ll0Upy(£' txouv 
XWPlOTE( EV' OE ~AAa Kp6tn µtAn tXEl npoypaµµattOT€( n EKttAEOD av6Aoyou 6lOXWPLOIJOO. 
~ttt!q1~_1_~_li_~1121iul!n_!q1~21qqn_~-n~ql!nuq1q_!q1_[~q!!ftql1t ________________________ ql!l~q_11i 
4.1 RPOITATEYOMENOI TOMEAI 
I' 6Aa Ta tphri µUri ht t uh tp1h: l ri 6nap(ri 1J la( 6toµq( Taxu6pOIJ l dv unripto th, av 
ono (IV ta 6 uat 'jJa'tQ anolAHO'tl K~( HIJE't6Ut UOI')( QV~KOUV Otr)V u6otOH th l K~ 
Taxu6po1JtK0 Ynriptola. Ot ot6xot tOU( tlvat : 
-va 6taotaAtottl ri napox~ KatoAtK~( unqptola(, 
-VQ tn l HUXfd ucavonolr)t uo OOl6tr)tG tlV napno1Jh1V UOl)PEOlh tOU npootaHU61JEVOU 
to1Jta <h601Jtvou 6tt q not6tqta otov llfJ npootateu6µno toµh tovhnal an6 tov 
GVtGYIVlOIJ6) I 
-Kat ri e~aot6Atoq xaµqAo6 Kat yevtK6 npootto6 ttµoAoylou otov npootateu6µevo toµta. 
Ot etvtKt( KavovtotlKt( apxt( 6£ ouµt1vo6v anapaltrita pt ta 11toa nou nptntt va 
xpriotµonotrito6v npoKtlptvou va tnlttuxto6v Ol ot6xot auto( <otot to e6po( t1v 
npootattuo11tv1v unqptot•v>, tvto6tot( ouµf1vo6v nAtov, tv ytvtt, 6Tt o toµta( 
npootattuo11tvn unqpto th ta nptnet 600 µ t Kp6upo( tn l tptnu o ot6xo( TQ~ napox~c 
KatoAtK~C unnptola(. 
Ot 6tafopt( 6oov afop6 to t6po( tou npootattu6µevou topta npoK6ntouv Aty6ttpo an6 tlC 
6tafopettd~ ouv&~kt( nou enupato6v ota enq1tpouc rphq 11Uri Kat neptoo6Ttpo an6 Tl( 
6ta,opt( tou tp6nou µe tov onolo e~et6~nat ri avayut6tqta 6nap~Q( npootaTEUOIJhlV 
unnptot•v ota 6t6topa rp6tq 1JtAq. 
Yn6pxouv opto1Jtva tt6tK6 npoSA011ata ta onola &a nptntt va entAuto6v. It tKaoto £( aut'v 
evtonl~ttat tva np6SAqµa optoµ•v. 
4.1.1 UMATA 
'Ooov afop6 tt( npootattu6µtvt( unripeolt(, noAA6 Kp6tQ µtAri txouv Katttp,ott 6pta yta 
ta avttKtlµeva µ£oalou Sapou(. Rp6K£ttat yta avtlKtlµtva ta onola 6£v KaA6ntovtat an6 
an6 tov napa6ootu6 optop6 tou 6pou "tntotoM". Enohot(, ta EV A6y1 "nadta" 
TO(lVOpo6VTOl an6 tl( Taxu6pOIJlKt( Ynqptolt( Otr) YEVlKO Katqyopla TIV "tntotoAtv". 
'Opi( OTr)V npaypattK6tr)ta Ol EV A6y111 unqptolf:c nadttlV ElVGl ClVtaYlllVlOTld( npo( Tl( 
avtloTOlH( av 6tµaav. Rpanu:6 anottAtoµa auto6 dvu 6tt ta 6pta uv taxu6poµtdv 
µovondln ot noH6 an6 ta Kphri µHri tlvat otriv npaypattK6trita xa11riA6ttpa an6 6tt 
af~VEl va tvvori&El ri taxu6poptK~ voµottola. 
Optoµtv£c t1v t&vtK'v Kavovtottrtv apxtv tnloq( anatto6v an6 Tt~ Taxu6poptKt( YnnptolEC 
va naptxoi:v ra&oAllctc unl')p£oltc ntpav uv opln tou t6oµato~ uv unnp£olh 
anoKAEtottK~\ £KU£tdAA£uOl')C µtxptc £v6c opto1Jtvou Sdpou(. £vto6tot(, nptntl va 
ol')µEl~~d 6Tt 6tv houv aut~ tl')V unoxphori 6A£<; ot taxu6poµtd<; Vnl')p£ol£<;, EV~ ott( 
ntptnt,ott<; nou utlotatat notKlAAEl to µtytoto Sdpo( nou Ka&opl~ouv ot £&vtKtc 
qt!l~1_11! ________________________ tt1tA11q_1_~_li_~11q1t~i~n-l11tq1qqn_~-~~ql!n~111_l11_n£Ql!n~t1t · 
4.1.2 ENTYDA 
4£V UOOpXEl OQf~C Oploµ6c; lOU 6pou ntvtunon u6µr) t:al µ£ta(6 UV Kpath 1.1£.UV TCIV 
onol1v oL Taxu6poµlKtc Ynqpeolec £fapp6~ouv tva 06otri1.1a ta(lv6µrionc x1pl~ovtac; ta 
avtlK£lµtva 0£ •entotoAtc; KOl 6£At6pta• Kal •Aotna avtlK£(µ£van, ouyKataAAtyovtac otn 
6£6T£Pr) ICGTr)yopla T~ tvtuna. fla TlC £V A6y1 taxu6poµlKt( YnqpEOl£c; TO ~llqppa E(VQl 
rat6 n6aov 16not eyyp6ftV nou nepttxouv 6tafop£tlKO K£(1J£va ~ aptf1.106c C6n1c; ta 
TLJJOA6yta icu ta anlypafa dvqof}c; tpant~tdv Aoyapuoµh> fa 11ph£l va 6£1po6nat 
htuna. 
Yn6px£l ERloqc to £up6tepo np68Aqpa uv 6tafqµlouv 6ta tou taxu6pop£lou. Kua tr)V 
6notJJ no.Uh an6 ta KphJJ iiUq ta 6 t OffJIJ t OTL d tnuna nptnt l va avhouv otov IJfJ 
npootaH u611evo TO JI ta. 001600, ri uvov l ott ic~ c\notri OXEll d '1£ Tl c nd~ost c 6 l 6 tO\I 
TGX~6pOIJE(ou £lval µaAAov 6lOfOP£tlK~. Dtpl006t£PQ an6 ta IJlOQ KpQtr) µtlq talv£tQl 6tl 
f£1po6v to 1axu6poµelo auTo6 Tou el6ouc 1c npooTaTeu6µevo. 
Toho Otd Anal EV µtp£l OTO yeyov6c; h l TOUlh l OTOY TP (a icphn µHri 6£v 6 l GKP ( vouv 
µna~6 enlotoUv Kat 6tat~IJlOfJC 6t6 TOU taxu6poµdou. Ev µtptL, talvetat tnloric 6H 
un6px£L TO 1.1Hri1.1a RIC Otl')V n£plnHIOI') nou TO taxu6poµdo aut6 Katataooovtav IC I.In 
npootau u6µevo, oqpavt t K6 µtpoc trJC 6 t at~J.I tone 6 ta Tou 1axu6po11£lou h 11nopo60£ va 
£YKatalt(t£L TO 6(KTUO Tr)C KQfOllK~C unripeo(ac. to6to 11£ tr) OElpd TOU ~a µnopo6o£. (owe 
va ftO£l 0£ Klv6uvo ta OlKOVOIJlK6 6t6oµtva TOU 6lKT6ou (Qt TO xaµnA6 K60TOC µova6ac; TIV 
µeµov1µtv1v Taxu6poµtKAv avttK£lµtvev. 
4.1.3 KATEDEifONTA 
'Eva t 6 ta l tepo np6Uriµa atopo Ta Kat&RE ( yovTa. Evvta an6 ta 12 rphri µHJ) o~µepa, 
f apo6v, 6tt ta KaT£RE l yovta evtaooovta L otnv £>,£ 6ftp1J ayopa unnpeo th. Evto6to t c, 
eAaxtoTa µeTa~6 aut•v txouv ratal~(El OE tvav travonotQTtK6 optoµ6 6oov a,opd To v6riµa 
tOU 6pou unQptola •taTER£lY6VtlV•. 
4.1.4 ANATAXYAPOMHtH •A-B-A• 
Ta ano icA£ l OH KO 6 u:a t •11a ta nou ava yup l ~ov tat OT t c Tax u6poiH Kt c Ynopto l t·c a nooKon o6v 
OTr)V napepn66LOl'J Tl'JC en tl£Ktl K~C HIJETOHEUOl'JC UV nHov npooo6of6pwv 1µnµduv ll}C 
ayopd~. l:t ntptndotl( Kata HC onoCec ta avttKElµeva aa Elxav uAu,ael an6 Tl( 
npooTatEu6µevec unripeo(£( Tl'J( dpac an6 Tl'JV onola npotpxovtat icat OllC onolt( ta EV 
A6y1 avttKelµtva µetaftpovtal ouotaottKO OE µta OAAfJ x'pa yta va ava1axu6poµn&o6v nlow, 
tlval npofavtc 6tt unapxet napaB(aon tou µovonvAlou Tl'J( xipac npotAEUOfJ(. 
Eto6tot(, un6pxouv Kat 6AA£( ntptntto£t( Kata tt( onoltc to taxu6poµElo 6tv µEtattPEtat 
6vT1( £Kt6( tr)( x~pac npotleuonc yta va avataxu6poµf)4£(. fta napd6ttyµa, µ(a Etatpe(a 
µnopd va anotaolott Tl'JV trt6nwoq KEIL tl}v rnxuop61Jl'JOIJ tou 6taffJ!ltOttKOu rnxu6poµtKou 
Tl'JC UAtKo6 ot µta OHfJ· x•pa npoSHnovta( 6tt f) 6tavoµ~ aa npayµatonotn~d anodi£tOtlKO 
KOL µ6vo OTl'J 6tr.~ Tf)C xtpa (dTE we µtpo( µta( £Up6HPfJ( Entxdpf)OfJ( Taxu6p6µf)OfJ( fJ 
ono(a &o npouno-OttEt 6tt n 6tavoµ~ npayµatonottltat OE QAAE( x'p£\l. 
4.2 YROXPEOIEII lA80AllHI YRHPEIIAI 
fUOllQ, an6 lGVOVlOtll~ anotq, tO tV6tattpov £Rll£Vtp•vtt0l KUplt( Otl( npootattu6µtV£( 
URf)ptolt<. Evto6tOl(' Ol lGVOVlOtld( GPXtc; ta nptnu va £~n6:oouv tl( avt(CJtOlU<: 
ouvf~Kt( nou nptntt va tnt8lqto6v ottc; unoxpetttctc; µI') npootateu6µtvtc; unl')ptoltc;. 
Ka11ttp1 avattpovtat ta c6pta ttµata nou oxetl~ovtat µe ttc; unoxpe6o£t( nou ev6txe1at 
va £Rl8ll')to6v OtOV topta napox~( npootateu6µ£YIY URl')p£Ot6v. DapdlAl')Aa, Ol KGYOYlOtlKtc; 
apxtc; ta nphu va e~ndoouv icat4 n6oov o t n l6y1 unoxpdot t <: fa ~tav oc6n t µo va 
tnt8ll')to6v otov ~ 01ouc; fopelc; unoxpe1ttc•v all6 µq npoo1a1eu6µtv1v unl')ptot6v. 
4.2.1 IYR8HKEI BPOIBAIHI 
Ot cavovtottctc; apxtc; tnt86:Alttat va txouv tnlyv101') ti')( ftoqc; nou ra1txet I') Taxu6poµtc~ 
touc; Ynqpeola oto nlaloto ti')<: eup6TtPll<: 6tefvo6c; ayop6c;. Ot cav6vtc; np6o8aoqc; µnope( va 
AtltOupy~oouv I( 6LtUK6AUVOI') ~ fpayµ6( 11')( XPl')Olµonoll')OI')( unot~tllV ntAat6v. 
Ol ntptoo6t£POl an6 tOU( KGVOVlOTlK06( tOP£(( np6fuµa 0U'1tlV06V Otl')V apx~ 11')( 
6 tafh£ tac;. Kat6 n6oa . n t fav6tl')Ta 6tv ta undp~ouv noHd npo8l~µna 6aov atop6 tl( 
yevtctc; £fapµoytc; -yta nap46ttyµa, tl')V avacolvtol') ttv npounoftoe1v 1axu6p6µl')OI')(, To 
TllJOA6ylO Kal, £t6oov npoBHnovtGL, H)V £Vl')1JtptOI') 6oov QfOpd Tl( tnt660tl( (Ql tOU( 
016xouc; ttv unqptol6v. Evto6Tot<:, tv6txe1at va t(acoAout~oouv va undpxouv anopltc; 6oov 
Gfopa Tl( Aentoptptlt( ttapµoy~c; TIV EV A6y1 Kav6v1v l6talttpa OX£1lK6 µ£ TO 1l1JOA6yto 
KGl Tl( nAopofoplt<: OXEtlKQ IJt Tl( £KntAOtl( 0£ ntplnttOI') o6vatn<: ouµSdottV. 
I6ta(ttpa Ol')IJGVtlK6 ttµa anottAtl I') XPl')Olµono(l')OI') EK µtpou( tlV Taxu6p01JlK6V Ynl')ptol6V 
Tou t6(ou 6tn6ou yta tl')v napox~ 1600 npootateu6µevn 600 rat IJQ npootattu6µtvtv 
URl')pEOl,V. IlpOtGV6( EV RPOKEllJtVIV UDQPXEl K(V6UVO( dvtAl')OI')( aftµttlV 6t£Dl60T~0£1V an6 
tov npoouuu6µevo toµh 1.1£ a not Htoµa o t taxu6poµ l rte; Ynnpeo l £( va Elva l ot at on va 
npoo9tpouv 1.111 npoota1tubµ£v£( unqpeolec OE tLµtc; KdtM tou rboTouc;. 
Er ttv av11tp1 ouvayttal, 6tt tntSaAAttat va undpxouv tnapKtl<: tAEYXOl yta tqv anotpon~ 
tt1ot1v aftµtttv npacttr•v. Etvat ari1.1avttK6 va t(aotaAtottl Otl( Taxu6poµtKt<: YnqptolE<: 
ri 6uvaT6tqta xpnotµono(qoqc; tou 6tKt6ou npoatattu61.1tviv unqptot•v Kata tov tp6no aut6. 
fipitov 6t6tt, EVTQtlKOROltl tq XPl')OllJODOlqoq TOU EV A6yw Ollt6ou lQl £RltUYXOV£lQl r) 
dq16K1on ti)<: an66oo~c tou· ot itHt t£<: fa µnopo6oav va ~tav £ (TE o ntptoptoµ6c; 
mu npootaH u6µtvou toiita, £L H n ft on l oq xaµriA6apn t q1h y La TL<: npoota T£ u6ptvt<: 
unqptoltc. Kata 6t6ttpov, aut~ n napaAAnAr, xpnot1.1onolnon oxt66v ava1.1tl80Aa au(avtl tn 
6tdf£0r) I.Ir) npOOTQt£u6µ£YVV UDr)PEOlQV. 'Ovtl( 0£ noAA6 an6 ta rpdtr) 1.1tAn KQtQ TOY tp6no 
aut6, ot Taxu6poptKt<: Ynqpeolt<:, tlvat OE ~ton va npooftpouv ra4oAtK~ unripeola yta ta 
KaT£n£ ( yona. 
q~!lqq_11e ________________________ l~t~Aq1q_z_~_H_111~1~u~1n_[qta~1q~n-~-[~q~Anyq1q_iq1_[~q!!n~t1t 
4.2.2 OPOTYOA flA TIA OAPEXOMENEI YDHPEIIEI 
Ot KaVOVlOllKO{ fOPEl<: optoµtviV KpatAv µeAAv fEip06V 6tt, Ol ent660Et<: Katd tl)V napox~ 
unl)pEotAv Elvat ftµa nou afopd anoKAetottKd Kat µ6vo tl)V Taxu6poµtK~ Ynl)pEola Kat touc: 
nEAhec: TOU. 
Oot6oo, edv ot KavovtottKt<: apxtc: fe1p~oouv 6tt 11 tKavonotl)ttK~ not6tl)ta tttv 
napu611env un11peoth <aoxhtt<: npoc: tov optoµ6 ti)<:> anotdd · hµdtA611 unoxpho11, 
lKavono l IJOIJ ti)<: ono lac: anouAt l npoun6hol) y ta ti) xoph11011 uv anoKAtt ott dv 
6 ua tttµhn otl)V Taxu6po11 lK~ Ynnpeo la, fa nptnu va npoo6 top loouv touc: ot6xouc: uv 
unripeo th Kat EV ouvu&la va eAty~ouv to 06ou1µa eAtnou tn en t66ouv < Kafop l ~ovtac; 
tnloric: Kat TO o60tl)µa DOU fa nptntl VO XPIJOllJOROll)ft(). 
Aty6ttpot an6 touc: µtoo6c: ttv KotvottK•v Taxu6poµtKAv Ynl)ptot•v enttuyxdvouv touc; 
no tott Ko6c: ot6xouc: < dv fup11fo6v a~ t 6n t ota ta anoaAtoµata uv t<: en l to nAEl otov 
tottttptr•v µttp1v>, evt ouotaottrd Kavtvac; touc: 6tv enttuyxdvtt touc; ot6xouc: OE oxto11 
µe to 6taouvoptaK6 taxu6poµelo. To np68Ariµa nou KaAo6vtat va avttµttttnloouv ot 
KavovtottKtc; apxtc;, elvat, nee; va 611µtoupynfo6v Klvntpa yta ttc; anapaltl)ttc; StAttioetc;. 
4. 2. 3 TIMOAOrIA 
Ta KavovtottKO 6pyava KaAo6vtat va eyKp(vouv ~ touAdxtotov va yv1µ06ot~oouv 6oov atopa 
Tl)V avaft,pl)OI) TOU ttµoAoy{ou. DpOKElJJtVOU va EDlttAtoouv nA~pttc; ta Kaf~KOVTQ TOU<: Ol 
Kavov t o'tl de; apxtc: nptnt t va µnopo6v va E (aotaAl oouv np60Sao11 oe A En to1a: p£l <: 
nA11pofopltc; 6oov atopd ttc; 6andvEc;. AEV dvat autov611to ndvtou 6tt ot anapaltl)HC: 
nAl')pofoplec; elvat 6taftotµt<; ar6µn rat otnv l6ta tnv Taxu6poµtr~ Ynnptola. 
Dopd.UriAa 6EV talvnat va Tl)pdtat ndvtot£ 11 6touoa toopponla µtta(6 tou ravovtKo6 Kat 
tou µe11µtvou ttµoAoylou nou t(aotaAl~ttat ot optoµtvouc: an6 touc; xp~ott<:. 
5. OI EDIDTOIEII TOY 1992 
H £ v ta la ayopd h ht t 0111Hivtt Ktc; en t n't,ott <: otov toµta av taxu6po1a: l wv. napaHnAa, n 
tnlttU(IJ ti)<: tvtalac: ayopdc: t1v unnptotAv taxu6poµtlou avaµtvetat va txtt Otttrtc; tntntiottc; 
at 6Aouc; touc; dAAouc; toµtlc; rat t6talttpa ot EKtlvouc; nou t(apt,vtat onµavttKa an6 auttc;. Ot 
ot6xot trJ<: rvtala\ oyopO\ Elvot a66vato va Entttuxfo6v tdv 6tv A€lTOupyd anottAE011attK6 n 
uno6op~ av tntKOlYiVLh Kat ot unnptolEc; taxu6poµtlou anottAo6v ornttK6 ototxtlo HJ\ EV 
A6yw uno6oµ~c;. 
EntnAtov tnc; a6(nonc; tn\ taxu6poptK~\ Klvnonc: nou µnopEl va npotpxttat an6 tnv KAtµaKwon tnc; 
KotvottK~<: otKovoµlac; e~ottlac; tn<: enlttu(nc; tnc; tvtalac; ayopdc;, optoµtva tµ~µata tou toµta 
twv 1axu6poµtlwv ev6txetat va tnwttAn~o6v t6tatttpwc;. Avaµtvetat n 6tt6puvon twv unnptotiv 
nou afopo(Jv Tl\ taxu6poµu::tc; napayyeAltc;. TLC: taxu6poµtKtc; nwA~ottc; KOL ll<; otr:ovoµtdc; 
unqpeo(ec;. 
~lttAq1~_1_~-K-lll~l~Ul~n-!g1~~1~~n-L_n2ql!n~l!!_!!l_[2q1An~ll~------------------------~lA1~!-111 
rtvl«6, o to1Jta<; ttv taxu6poµtltv KaAtltat va avtano«ptftl Otte; µ£ta8aAA6µ£v£c; anatt~ottc; 
ttv ntAat'v tou. O oqpavttK6t£poc; nap6y1v talvttal va £(vat 1J t6pa ttv neAattv. H noAlttK~ 
tr)<; t6pac; n6httat va tnqpuoul an6 ti) 6uvaµu:~ tl)c; utavo&a~c; ut trJc; t:ntKotvt1vlac;. 
MeyaA6t£pfJ htao11 fa ano6oh ( oto 6 taouvop t u6 taxu6popdo <to ono Lo o6uc; ~ Ube; fa 
avant6oottat 600 ot £tatptl£c; apxl~ouv va £«µ£taAA£6ovtal to pey6A~ 6uvaµt«6 nou Splocttal 
£Kt6c; T8V £fVtK6V Tl)<; ayop6v>. 
H oqpao(a auto6 tou yqov6toc; 6£Y ta nptnu va un6 entphat. Aut~ 1J OUTlK~ a6(1JOIJ tou 
6taouvoptuo6 taxu6popelou Kat 1J OUTllC~ ouppln1011 tqc; eotteptdc; Klv11011c; ta J.1nopo6ot va 
o6rn~ou ae 11na80Uc; ano6 t66pnqc; or11.1aol ac; u l uv npotepatot~av u ptpouc; tlY tophv 
taxu6poptic~c; £1Cptt6AA£uoqc;. nap6AAqAa £v6txetat va un6p~el oo8ap~ tnt6tlv1011 ~61J uttotaptv1v 
ev16oe1v t6taltepa 6oov a•op6 ta ouot~µa1a ano~qµ(1oqc; µe1at6 Iaxu6popt16v Ynqpeot6v yta to 
6taouvoptaic6 taxu6poptlo. 
EntA6ovtac; ta ev A6y1 npoSA~pua ent86A.htat va etaotdtoul q oupBoM Otf)v tnl uu(o tr)<; 
evtalac; ayopdc; <~ touAhtotov 1J 1111 naptpn66to~ trJc;> oe 4Houc; 1011£Lc; p£pticol u av onol1v 
tlVGl OIJIJGVTlKO( XP~OTE( TIV taxu6p01JlK6V unqp£Ol6V. Mttat6 TIV topt1v aut6v 
ouyKataAAtyovtal 0 £K60tlK6c;/tunoypaftK6c;, IJ 6tat~IJlOIJ, Ol XPIJiJGTOOlKOVOIJlKtc; URIJP£0ltc; KQl 
Ol tl)AtnlKOlVIVlec;. 
ea un4p~ouv £t6tr6ttptc; £ntnt6ottc; otov topta t•v taxu6poµ£l1v ·ouvenela tlJc; £fopµoy~c; 
noAtttKtv ot optoµtvouc; toptlc; rafoptottr~c; 01111aolac;. Mtta(6 auttv ouyKataAtyovtat ot 
evatpttc; IJETQfOptc;, ta t£A1vtla rat 0 tnA, IJ noAltllC~ QV1GYIVlOIJO~, Ol TEXVlKt< npo6taypa9tc; 
KQl n npootao(a TIV 6t6oµtVIV. 
6. TI 8A IYRBEI EAi AEI rIIEI TIRO!E; 
Ouotaottl6 ta npo8A~~ata nou tvtonlotqKav oa napapelvouv. nptntl va onµet10o6v t6tat1tp1<; 
660 anottAtoµata : 
-n 008ap6tn1a 11v npoBA1111611v &a ent6Etvt&el. Alx1c; tnv tonon tn< lotv6tntac ot anorAloetc 
< y ta nap66u ypa 6oov a9opa to t 6poc uv npootate u6µ£nv unnpto l h ~ Tl c en l T£ uxf doe<; 
Ent660£lC rat6 TIJV napox~ UTIIJPEOt6v> &a KQTQOT06V onµavttr6t£P£<. 
-avaptvnat va undp(Et r601oc; turatp(ac;, L6ta(upa 6oov a9op6 touc; ot6xouc; trJC £vtalac 
ayop6c; nou ouyotlotnrav av11tp1. 
Katd ouvtnua fa un~pu: dv6uvoc 61)ptoupylac inac EuphrJc 660 1axu1~av 6oov afopd 1riv 
napox~ 11v unqpEot6v taxu6poµtlou. Kdtt avdAoyo fa ~tav anapa6£Kto. Ot iaxu6poµtrtc; 
unriptoi£c 6ta6papat(~ouv Ol)jJQVTlK6 p6Ao OTf)V uno60JJ~ HIV £DlKOlVIVth HIV Eup1na(Kh 
Kotvot~t1v. Kar~c nol6tqta\ unqptoltc; iaxu6poµtlou µnopo6v va ouµSdAouv otnv ntpl&tptonolnon 
OPL01Jtv1v nEplfEP£l.V. 
Elvat an(~avo ot ttaq>El£\ µqUqc; rA(µarac va npotlµ~oouv va avant6(ouv 6paotrJpL6TrJHC 0£ 
ntptoxtc TIV ono(1v ,, TQXU6poµll~ E(unqpttl)Of) tlvat kQK~. AVtlOTO(XIC KOOLOTQlOl jJlKP6t£PI)( 
~lAl~~-1z~---------------~--------'t1tA~1~_1_~-R-~11~1t~l~n_!l1t~1~~n-~-[~ql!n~q1q_!lt_[~q!!n~l1t 
nL~av6Tl)Ta( TO £V6£X61J£VO av6ntu(I)( PLKpOµ£oal1v £0LX£lP~0£1V OTl( ntptoxtc: autt(. 
Dapoµolt(, µ&y6Ao< ntfav6tl)Ta( Kaflotatat KOL TO £V6&x6µ&vo 6t6fOP£< £taLp£l£< va 6taftoouv 
ta npot6vta TOU( µtot TIV UDf)p£Ot6v 1axu6poµ&(ou 0£ REPlOXt( IJE KOK~ E(unnpttl)OI). EntnAtov, 
11 ucp~c n L tav6101ac £ (vat KO t to yqov6c o t 6 t 6fOP£C £Tatp£l ec 1axu6poµ t dv napayyEAth va 
6tavtµouv ta npot6vta tou( otl( 1c 6v1 neptoxtc. 
H evtala ayop6 fa 6Qptoupy~o£l vh( £UKOtpl£( otov toµta tn taxu6poµeln. Ae6oµhou 6TL 
Uf(OtGYTGl 6tafopt( Otl( npounoftO£l( taxu6p61Jf)Of)(, Tl( ent660£lC Kat6 Tf)V napox~ UDl)P£Ol6V 
Kal Tf) 6t6pfpt01) TOU TllJOAoy(ou, £(Vat l6lGlttpt( ntfav6 va IJl)V un6p~£l 01.1aM KOTQVOIJ~ TIV 
6uvatot~TIV £K1J£t6AA£UOJ)( TIV £UKGlpt6v. 
Ev6( optoµhou orua l ou, dtl avUoyo ta ~tav tuo toAoy uc6. Evtoho t(, f) ra1601aon aut~ fa 
nptnet va anoteuxtel ottC n&ptn160£l( rat6 tt( ono(£( ot 6tafopettrtc 6uvat6tf)t£C an6Kptonc 
ottC euratpl&( nou npoottpet fJ £Vtala 1axu6poµtr~ ayop6 txouv 6eu1epe6ouo£( £ntn160£tC Ott( 
otrovoµlec nou £~unqpe106vtat an6 tl( ev A6y1 unopeolec. 
AvaretaAat6vovta(, o rlv6uvoc nou 6latalvetaL n 6Qµtoupy(a µlac Euptnf)( 660 1axu1~11v 6oov 
afop6 tlC 1axu6poµtKt( unqpeo(e(. K6tt av6Aoyo fa nptnet va anoteuxftl µe K6f£ tp6no. 
Ka16 ouvtne ta en t 86Una t I) av4A1Jt1J 6p6onc npou q.1tvou va anotpane l 1J avdntu~o ntpa t 1tp111 
anorA(O£iV KOL va £RlT£UXf£( I) o6yKAlOI) TIV Entµtpouc OTOlX£ltv <6lx•c £Vt06tOl( va 
fUOlQOTO~V Ol ROlOTlKt( npo6taypaftc). 
7. ff tOIIOTitH DPOORTitH 
Ito nAaloto TIJC evtalac ayop6c, I) KoLv6tl)ta £v6txttat va f£A~o£t va e~aotaAlott 6tt o toµta< 
u1v 1axu6poµel n el vat enapdc evapµoVl oµtvoc npoK£ t 11tvou va ananoe:p th l otl c av6yK£C Ttv 
no AL th KO l av opyavtouv tn EK. It6xo< £ l vat va e(aotaA t of El 6TL otnv Kot v6tl)ta o 
npootat£u6µevo( toµta( elvat o eA6xtoto( 6uvat6( npoK£t1Jtvou va e~aotaAtof£( I) napox~ 
ratoAtK~C unqp&olac. 
Kat6 6£6tepov, ratlotatat oatt< 6tt Elvat avayrnlo va &eontoto6v £VLala Kotvottt:6 np6tuna 
yta TL( unoxpetoet( 11v topt1v npootaTeu611£v1v unqp£ot6v. Ta EV A6y1 np6tuna, ta nptn£t va 
QfOpo6v Tl)V np6oSaol), TO TL~OA6yto KOl, t6tatTtp1(, TLC Ent660EL< Kat6 Tl)V napox~ UTil]p£ot•v. 
H Kotv6tl)ta ~a KAq~el va 6ta6papatloet pu~µtoTtK6 p6Ao £Knpoo1n,vtac ta EV A6y1 ouµftpovta. 
IE optoptva ftpoto <t6tatTtPiC ta £RtXEtpqotaK6), avaµtvEtat va 6pdo£t ntptoo6TEpo iC ay1y6c 
nAijpOfOPl'Y KOL t6e•v. 
7.1 AIAtPIIH METAEY PYOMIITIKOI lAI AEITOYPfllON OEMATON 
MoAov6tt 6£V houv ae:6µij 6Ao ta KpdtrJ µHri 6tauplo£t ttC pu3µtottd< A£ttoupyl£< an6 
Tt( £ntXElPrJOlOKt< EUf6V£<, ri TOOf) OUT~ YEVtKE6ETQl 6nwc ano6EtKV0£l ri npOOfQiWC 
EYKP l f £ !oa rnxu6po1J u~ VOIJOfto la 0£ no Ha an6 ta Kphri µHri. Evto6to le;, 6£v d val 
SUuo 6u 6Aa ta KPhl'J 1JH11 houv triv (6la 4not11 yla to p6Ao nou uAo6vtal va 
6La6paµatloouv ta KavovtottKO 6pyavo touc;. 
16 ta l TEPl'J ntp l ntttol') anot£A£l 11 ox ton IJE Tl'JY RTE, ottc; n£p tndo£lc; icata ttc; ono l £<; o l 
ravovtottictc; apxtc; KaAo6vTal va unoyp6touv ota6~noT£ ouµf1~la £~ ov6µatoc; TrJC: 
n8tpv11011c; Tl')<; xtpac;. Ito oqµ£ lo aut6 Tl fna t en lo11c; To ephriµa ttJc; ouµBathqtac; tqc; 
taxu6poµ t r~c; voµofeo lac; < ouµnep t AaµSav611n11c; tl')c; uf up1h (oac; an6 tl')V DTE> µ£ tl)v 
KOlVOTlK~ YOIJ~feo(a KQl noAtTlK~. 
7.2 OPIIROI THI lA80AIIHI YDHPEIIAI 
To anatto6p£vo enlne6o napox~c; rafoAtK~c; unqp£olac; 6£V £lvat raUc; ufoptoµho 0£ 
optoµtva an6 ta KphrJ µ011. ntpav ti')<; npofavo6c; 6tanlot1ol)c; 6u ot npootauu6µ£vec; 
unopeol tc; nptn£l va naphovta l l o6tt 11a oTo o6voAo tf)c; tn t Kph£ tac; 6ev £l val ndvtot£ 
oattc; Yl a no l tc; unqp£o ( £<; Ht6c; tOU tlioµatoc; tlY npootat£UOIJhlV I £0 l sauna l YQ 
e~aotaAtohl I) icafoAt«~ napox~. To OrJIJaYttK6T£po elvat, 6tt 6tv unoput tvtaloc; 
Kotvottr6c; optoii6c; tf)c; icafoAtr~c; un11peolac; yta TO o6YoAo ti')<; Kotv6tl')tac;. 
7.3 EYPOI TOY DPOIIAIEYONEIOY ?OREA 
Ent6l1~f) Tl')<; Kotv6tQTac; anot£A£l I) 6taµ6pfiOI') Tl)<; uta to 6uYat6Y EAhtota 
ntplOPlOttr~c; 6toiinc; npo0Tat£u6µev1Y unripeot•v nou Ya ouY6ua~etat IJE ti) 6tat~pl')ol') ti')<; 
napox~c; KQfOAlK~\ unl')ptolac; lKGYOROll')tlK~c; nol6tl')tac; 0£ KOlYOttK6 £nln£60. 
Yndpxouv noA6 onµavt uctc; 6tafoptc; 1.1eta~6 tu Kpath µeUY 6ooY afopa toY optoµ6 tou 
npootat£u6µ£You to1.1ta. Kato ouvtneta, Kata nphoY tnlUHetat Ya ntptoptoto6Y ot EV 
A6y1 anoKAloetc; oto nAaloto tnc; ntalac; ayopoc;. Kato 6£6T£po, to6to on1.1alY£l 6u 
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6tt KOnottc; aAAec; ev6txetat va tlvat unep8oAtK6 •xaAaptc;n (IJE anottAtoµa ya IJl'JY 
e(aotaAl~ouY nA~p1c; TrJY napox~ KafoAtK~c; unnpeolac;>. Ta 6tafopettK6 rptt~pta nou 
XPflO t 1.1ono t o6Y ta tn q.1tpouc; KPGtl'J µHn Yl a TOY Ka fop t oµ6 uv npootat£ u6µevn toµhY 
ouvtSaAav otriv aY6ntu(n aut~c; tnc; notKtAlac;. 
H avunap({a KOtYo6 optopo6 Tfl\ SaotK~c; tntotoA~c; £nlOKtG~£t Tfl x6pa~n otao6~not£ 
Kotvottr~c npoonttK~c;. Ot A6yot nou unayopt6ouv tov Kafoptoµ6 t1v op(1v tou 
npootattu6µevou topta 1c; txouv o~µepa ota 6tdtopa Kpatri µtAn 6ev e(vat n6vtot£ 
oatdc. 
ruxv6tota txouv xapaxfE l KGT6 To naptH6v Kat 06T1c; ~ aAhc xp~oouv avaf£Aprioric; IJE 
yviµova ttc tn£A~o6ot( 1J£ta80Atc. 
dvat tnloric 
anapalH)To, va Al)tfd Hori tvav'Tl av vhv unqpeoLh nou ev6tx£tat va avantuxfo(Jv 
CµoAov6tt npoc TO nap6v dyv1ot£C). 
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7.4 EtAPKOfH TON AIKAIOKATON TON DPOITATEYOKENON YDHPEIION 
ntpa TIY dpTl 6tantOTlfElO'Y anoKl(OEIY 6oov GtOPG TO YOIJOfETlK6 Kafoptoµ6 TOU E6pou<; 
TIY npooTatEU61JEVIV unqpEOl,V, napatqpo6vtal En(OI)(, 6tatopt<; OTl)V EtGPIJOY~ TIV 
anoKAElOllK'V 6tKQll1JGTIV. To oattOTEPO OX£TlK6 napd6Ely~a anot£A£l TO 6ttfvtc: 
taxu6p01JE(O (OU1JR£ptla1.18avo1.1tvou TOU 6tGOUVOPlGK06 taxu6pOIJE(OU £Vt6c: Tl)( Kotv6tl)TG(). 
Ixt66v 6Aa ta Kp4to 1.1tln OUIJtlV06V 6tl TO TGXU6po1.1tlo GUT~( TIJC:'KQTl)yoplac: av~Ktl OTOV 
npootattu6µtvo toµta. H 4noto aut~ Baol~ttat oto ytyov6c: 6tt q K4lutq tou 
tv60t:O l YOtl K06 taxu6poµtlou I.IE anodtl Otl d 6 t U thata GROHAt ( 6 t t6puvoq UY apxh 
ntp( KGfOAlKQV unqptot&v nou tox6ouv YlG Tl)V tfVlK~ taxu6pOIJlK~ K(Vl)OI). Evto6tOl(, Ota 
ntp l006ttpa UV Kpath 1.1£Ah I TG GVT l OTO l xa anoKAUOll d 6 tKal,IJQTQ 6tv ttGPIJ6~0Vlat 
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7.5 OPOI DPOIBAIHI 
Ot 6pot np6o8aoqc: notdHouv tn6c: TIJC: Kotv6tqtac:. Opto1.1tvtc: an6 HC: Taxu6poµtd<: 
Ynqpeoltc: tntTptnouv at t6t1tt106c: topelc: £Kl.ltt4AAtuooc: va ou1.184llouv otqv npottotµaola 
tou 1axu6poµtlou tv& dAAot 6xt. 
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To toutotp6n1c:, Kaf l otata t u61.10 6uouptoapq 1J t uvono ( IJOIJ tn avaydv, ntAadv t1v 
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tv6txttat va 1.1ov t(vat o aflottltoµattr6ttpoc: tp6noc:, anootol~<: tou 1axu6poµtlou. 
7.6 EBIAOIEII KATA THN RAPOXH YRHPEIION 
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qµtpa. 
Ot R£Pl006Hpt<; av Taxu6poµtdv Ynqp£Olh 61)1JOOl£6ouv aptfµl)tlKd OTOlXEla OXETtKd IJE 
Tl<; tnt660tl<; JlQ Tl<; Tax6tEP£<: unqptolt<; KOlV'V Enlotoliv (~TOl Tl)<; KOTIJlOP{a<; 
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unnptot'v nou KUJJalvovtal an6 15t t1<; 99t yta tl\ tfvtrt<; unnptolt<:. 
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~ noAltlOttK6> ev6txEtat va n£ptf1plonotqto6v nepatttp1 E~alTla<; tr)( KOK~( taxu6poptK~( 
E~unqphrJOJJ(. 
En(oq( q Kolvhf)ta ta tnput va EV6lGfEPtEl l6talupa yu_ TL( n6oKOlVOttdc: 
en totoAl d<; unf)pEo l E(. Rpoupa t6trita Ent 86Una l va 6otE l Otf) ttontoq n6c: EV ta lou 
a~t6ntotou ouot~pato<; pnp~ouv tou onolou ta anou.Uopata ta ~tav £Rl8EUf)pho va 
6oto6v otri 6qpoot6tf)ta. ea nptntt va anotaototEl not6 popt~ ta A68El aut~ q Enonttla 
tQC: Kotv6tqta<; oxettK6 PE tqv nol6tqta tf)C: napex6pevqc: KatoAlK~C: unqpEolac:. 
Evto6totc:, elval yv1ot6 6tl ta oqpeptv6 anotEAtopata antxouv an6 to va Elvat Katqouxa­
on d. I£ oxtoo pe to ot6xo H + 3 p6A l( 4U tou taxu6popE lou 6 lavtpnu £YKll lp1c:. o l 
en t66os u; OE K6no t t( UAt( 6 t a6poJJt( < 1JttaU TrJC: Kol v6tqta( u l J.IQ KO t vot uh uph > 
txouv enloqc: ratapstpf)ft{ Kat ta anotsAtoJ,1aTa 6ev elval evtappuvttK6. 
7.7 TlllOAOrIA 
Enonl~onat 6tafopt<; ott<; apitc: 86o£L av onoln icafopl~onu Ol nptc:, ota 6lhopa 
KP6Tq ptAq. To fOlV6J,1£YO aut6 EV ptptl OfE{Aetal OTl( 6lafOP£tlKt( AOYlOTlKt( oup860El( 
aAA6 KUPl•c: OTl( 6lOfOP£TLKt( noAltLKt( TlpoA6yr)Of)(. 
Iuxv6, to tlpoA6ylo 6tv ouoxetl~ttal pt to r6oTO(. IE noAAtc: ntptnt60El( 6tanlot6vovtal 
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TQXU6POPlK6 QVTlK£(J,1£VQ (KQl KUpl1c: TOY T6no) Katopl~EtQl an6 £l6tKt( noAltlKt( 
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p6~ovta t yta ta l6ta avttKElpsva. Enloq<; os optoptvE( nsptnt60El(, q KtvtptK~ Ku8tpvooq 
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Ynf)ptolh. 
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napaJJOPt6o£l(. 6tv ava1Jtvttat va un6p(Et otafep~ OtKovoplK~ B6on yla to 1JtAAov, tt6aov 
ot Kata8aAA6pEV£( ano~flJJt6oEt( 6tv ratopl~ovtat 86ott t1v yvnol1v 6anav6v 6lavop~(. 
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OTOU( KatavaAnt( tlV En l ptpouc: KPath pEAh QYTQDOKP ( YOVta l Ota XP~J.latQ nou TOU( 
~qto6vtat. Rpo( 10610, slvat anapaltf)to, va pqv ouJ,1ntptAf)tto6v otqv avdAuon sa:stvot 
ot E(ITEptrol napdyovtE( ot onolot au(6vouv f, J.1Et6vouv tl( 6andvE<;. Ev ouvEXEla J.IOOpEl 
va t(Etao1el fl 6t6ptp1on tMv BaotK6v 6anavtv ot o6yKpton p£ ·tl( tnttuyxav6JJtV£( 
ent66ott( Kat6 tf)V napox~ tiv unnp£ot6v. 
7. 8 ElfAPMOIU:H 
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ouotdotl<; twv µt1pwv tvapµ6vlOQ<; nou rplvovtat ratdAAqAa npoKElµtvou va t~aotaAtoftl q 
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anot6ott<; nou otElAouv va Aa1186vovtu ot tnlnt6o rphouc: 11Hou<; np6yµatl Aa118hovtat 
010 tnlnt6o aut6. 
7.9 IYIOXH 
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npoqyouptv1c:, ot 1axu6poµtrtc: unqptolt<: 6tv txouv n6v101t travonotl)Ttrn an66ooq. 
Kat lotata l tnoptnc: anapa l tl)H) f) npoUl)Of) au106 tOU napdyovta ouvoxn<; I yqov6<; nou fa 
anatt~ott trtlpqori ti)<; trtaol)<; 11v npo8Aqµd11v nou nptnct va tnlAufo6v yta tl)v tnlttu~q 
lKavonotl)ttro6 £nlnt6ou ouvox~c:. 
7.11 MAlPORP08EIKA 8EMATA 
Ta npoava,tpftvta ftµata OfOpo6v ruplv<; ll)V UflOtdµEVQ lOTQOlOOQ n µLa µEHOVTLKn 
~atdotaoq nou µnope( va anoteAtoet npoSAttLµI) e(tAt(Q tQC oqµcptvn<;. 
Kp(vetat tnlon<; or6ntµo va E(etaoto6v pt~tt:6ttpa Hµarn ta ono(a fa µnopo6oav va 
OVtlµEtVTilOT06v V<; ev6cx6µEVE<; A6otl<; OTQ npoo6toploftvta npo8Anµata n W<; Kafaut6 
tv6ex6µevot ot6xot. 
Keta(6 av Oq.1aav auth ouyrataHhttal to cv6n6µtvo l6puonc Evtala<; Taxu6poµtrn<; 
Ynripcolac nou fa raA6nT£L to o6voAo Tl)<; K.otv61ri1ac n orontµ6HJta efapµornc cvtalou 
tlµoAoylou 010 o6voAo TIJC Kotv61q1ac· rat n 6qµtoupy{a rotvo6 ypaµµa1oonµou. 
Ot nt4avt<; Hott<; yta ta Hµata nou µeAontrp::av 010 nap6v r:e,O>.ato ou~rpo6v1at 010 en6µevo 
KE•dAa lo. 
lEtAAAIO 8 E3ETAIH JOI DIOANON AYIEON 
1. EitArorH 
to npoqyo6µtvo Ktt6Aato ouv6tto£ ta npoBAnpata Kat tl( npoKAnott( nou 8ploKovtat otov topta 
av taxu6poµdn ti)( Kolv6tqta(. to nap6v utUato t~tt6~£l tt( nttavt( A6ouc; yu ta 
npo8A~pata nou avayvap lofquv < u t ta an a pal tqta 11hpa no Al tt Kn( yta tl)V avn µuh toq uv 
npodnouv>. 
2. fIATI DPEDEI IA AIARIXOEI H lOllOTHTA 
H avaluoq tlJC Uf lot4µ£YIJ( Kat4otao11c; avayv1pl~£t 6t4topa npoSAniiata nou talvttat va 
6tKatoAoyo6v tov av4A1Jt1J 6paoqc; at rotvottr6 tn{nt6o. Rolla an6 ta npoSA~µata aut4 atopo6v 
. Tl( 6lUUIJhO£l( Otl')V not6tf)ta TIV utoAtdv UDl)P£0lh. H tnlAUOI) auto6 tOU El6ouc; tlV 
npo8Aqµ611v nou oxttl~ovtat µt tqv not6tl)ta tlvat utlotqc; oqpaolac;. 
Yn6 tupelo tvvota, µnopo6v va f£1pqfo6v ntvt£ ntptoxtc; tv6taftpovto( yta TIJV Kotv6tqta. 
2.1 H napo6oa tAAtttlJ tvapp6vtoqc; 
O t Att toupy l EC nou naptxouv ufoh Kn unqp£o la OE Kaf £ r:phoc 1JHoc houv npor:6t£ t 
avt(4plr)Ta, p£ anottAtopa va utlotavtat o~p£pa noHtc; A£ttoupndc 6tafoptc 1J£ta(6 
touc;. to y£yov6c aut6 µnop£l va o6oyno£t ot OIJIJOVtlK4 npoSA~1Jata yta taxu6p01JtK6 uAtr:6 
nou 6ttpxnat ptta~6 rpath µ£Ah" pnopd tnloric va ouvtn6y£tat K6otoc tur:atplac. 
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µtAq, IJE ano1tAtoµa Ol n£A6ttC va µqv µnopo6v aotaA'c va taxu6poµo6v nap6µota 
QVllKdµtva OE 6tatOPtlld Kp4tf) 11Hri. Ta npoBMµa1a Tf)C 6taAtlTOUPYtK6tf)TQC 
£vtonl~ovtat, ndvac, ot dh tnlnt6o. 1:£ A£n10µ£ptottpo, A6you xdpq, £nln£6o, 
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Ol URf)PEOlaKtc £nt660£lC YlQ KQfOAlK~ UTil)p£o(a txouv IJEY4Ari 6taK61JOVOf) 1JEta(6 6lOf6pwv 
Taxu6poµtr'v Ynqptot,v. Ynapxouv oploµtva 1p61q µtAq, 6nou ri 6laVOIJ~ tf)v tn6µtvf) qµtpa 
f&dvt1 tov ycvu6 ano6tn6 016xo tou 98l" OE 6Ua, tJ £n(6oot) avtpX£tat ot 15-161· OE 
6.Ua, ri £n(6oori KUIJO(VETQl J,1Eta(6 UV 660 (tdVOVTE\ J,16.Uov npo<; 10V np~to 016xo>. 0 
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Q~&L6g_l~~------------------------------------------------~tt~lql~_l_~_tEt1gqa_!!!_[lfq!l!_!~qt!! 
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to nap6v OE µt 00 6po µ6A l <: y6p1 OTO 48t t Ka l IJE µqHc<; nap EK d l OE l <: IJE taH 6 l a,6p1v 
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rotVIVl«~<: ~'~<: TrJ<: Ko1v61q1ac, ta onola E(apt•vtat oc µcydAo 80~µ6 an6 tt<; 
taxu6poµutc; Ynr)p£ol£c;. H 1JtY6AfJ dlµarac; anootoM<: taxu6pop£lou n£ptAaµUvouv touc; 
KG lptouc; rA66ou<; ttv u66ouv, 
tax6poµdou a:at trJc; 6tat~IJLOl)c;. XPIJIJGTOOl KOVOl.ll dv unqpEOlh' 'UV nd~ouv 6t6 tOU 
ru touc; KA66ouc; auto6c; ot 6tuuµhouc; otqv nl6ooq 
av uh At dv unripEo l h pnopo6v va o6qy~oouv oc 6 taotpc8Uoc tc; tric; ayop6c;. ea ~tav, 
napa6clyµatoc; x6pq, noA6 EuloA6tEPIJ q n•Ariort aotaAtott1•v unqpcot•v ot tva µcµov1µtvo 
vo11orupt6 cv6c; rp6touc; µtAouc; 6nou ri cnl60011 avtpxEtal OE 98t, nap6 OE tva 6AAo 1p6toc; 
µHoc; 6nou £l vu 1 n. ea ~tav 6uoa:o.A6ttpo yta 1ua natptla va Hou ta npol6na toe; 
otqv ayopd 6td tou tax6poµc(ou oc dAAo rpdtoc; µtAoc;, an6 6,tl y1a µ(a ctatpc(a nou txct 
tqv t6pa tqc; oto rpdtoc; µtAoc; aut6. 
Acv Elva t, A6you xdpo, nxa lo to yqov6c; 6tt tva 1phoc; pHoc; µc ru~c; no t6tqtac; 
unqpco{Ec; 6ta~ttct rA66o n1A~oc1v 616 tou taxu6popclou nou ncptopl~ctat 010 tva ntµnto 
TOU µ£yt~ouc; TOU avt{OtOlXOU rA66ou dAAtv rpat•v µ£A•v µ£ ouyrp{otµo OlKOVOIJlK6 
µty£foc;. To ycyov6c; aut6 4{y£l ttc; npoonttrtc; TIV ETGLPELQV ntA~OEIV 6td tOU 
taxu6popclou. Katd ouvtncta ncptopl~Et cnloqc; ttc; cntAoytc; 1ou pcµov1µtvou 1atavaA1t~. 
'0001 ~ouv OE nEptoxtc: nou SploKovtal oc µElOVEKttK~ otoq A6y1 KOK~<: not6Tqtac; 
taxu6poµLdv unqptoth -tat np6KEt tal yLa µcyUo ap1'6µ6 -El vat cnoptv1c; anoµouµtvoL 
6xL µ6vo an6 HC: npoownutc; cnattc; nou µnopo6v va Ent TEUXOo6v µtow tou taxu6poµdou, 
aAAa cnloric: Kat on6 ttc; unqptalcc; nou µnopo6v vo nopaoxcoo6v taxu6poµtK,<;. 
Auto~ tou cl6ouc; ot ano6topyav,octc; tq<; Evtalac; ayopac; 6Ev Enopc6~ouv µ6vo touc; 
anootoAElc;, aH6 rat touc; napaMnu<; tou rnxu6poµdou. EQv Oc1pq~El 6tt µla op1oµtvq 
ntptox~ irJC: KoLv6tqta<; 6taHTEt ava~t6ntotri ra~oAu~ unqpcola, ot ctatptlcc; C6nwc; rJ 
n&Arion µc 10 taxu6poµElo> Oa cv6tatcp0o6v A1y6tEpo va tntxctp~oouv va Otoouv ta 
npot6vta touc; otqv ayop6 out~. Ot ratovahtt<: <we; 6uv6µct napaMnTE(l Oa Elxav 1c; 
anottAcaµa ncptoptoµtvri cntAoy~. 
2.J En(6oo~ 6taouvoptar•v un~p£ot•v 
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napaypafO 5), Olf)V apx~ tWV unoxpEWtlKiv unqpEOlQV (Otf)V nap6ypafO 6) KQl Otf)V KQVOVlOtlK~ 
Hori av vtwv unqprnth <napaypatoc 7l. i:tq ouvhEta Elvat 0K6nq.10 va EpwtqOEl rn1a n6oo 
optoµtvEc 6taouvoptartc unqptol£C Oa tnptnE va SploKovtal otov npootattu6µ£vo toµta 
<napaypatoc 8). l:to oQµdo aut6 µnopd nHov va E(Etaotd ArntoµEptot£pa o optoµ6c tou 
npootat£u6ptvou topta. 
5. AYYOAlllOKH lAI AYYOYAXYAPORHIH 
Ot ntldtEC nou 6tavtpouv to 6tK6 touc taxu6popt(o 6taOttouv 6ttat6pata nou untptox6ouv aut6v 
twv toptwv £KPEt6AAEUOfl\. Ot ntA6t£\ txouv tnloric optoptva £t6tl6 6trat6pata 6tav 
taxu6popo6v yta Aoyaptaop6 touc. 
5.1 AYTOAIAIOKH 
ea nptntl va naptxttat fl 6uvat6tf)ta otouc tOPEl\ anootoA~c va 6tavE(pouv to taxu6poptr6 
touc uA u:6' El TE Otf) dpa tOU\ El t£ OE 6Ho rphoc ptAoc. H EfCIPIJOY~ Evt6c tf)\ 
Kotv6tQtac tf)C apx~c tQC 6tavop~c an6 tov l6to tov topta anootoA~c anoSalvEt 
nEptoa6t£po nEplnAOKf) OtQV ntplnHIOf) hyatptdv E'TOlPElh. H Efappoy~ Elvat ERlOf)\ 
ntptoo6t£PO aoat~C Otf)V ntplnttOf) a6£At6V EtGlPEliV OE 6AAEC x6pE\ nou 6tavtpouv 
1axu6poptK6 uAtK6 yta aµotSalo Aoyaptaop6. 
Mla aAAf) EV6tattpouoa ntplnttOf) QfOp6 Tl\ avtaAAaytc EYYPdtiV. Ytlotavtal Ktlpla 6nou 
ot avtalA6ooovtEC µnopo6v va EVOtKld~ouv Oupl6EC ottC onolE\ ot Etalpot tou<; µnopo6v va 
napa6,oouv antuOElac 10 1axu6popElo tou<; mt an6 Tl\ onolt<; µnopEl va nEptouHqEl to 
1axu6poµElo. <+uotKd, Oa ~tav oxtttKd anA6 yta µta Taxu6poµtK~ Ynqptola -1ouA6xtotov 
we npoc tt\ anatto6µ£vt<; t6taltEPEC tKav6tf)tEC, tciv 6xt we npo<; t6talttpa EV6ta1~µata -
va tntnElvEt Tl\ qrntaotcioEtC rnxu6poptK~C hpl6ac Tfl\ ~ poste restante yta npootopa 
nap6µot~v unqptotiv av1aywvt~6ptvq TtC avtaAAaytc µtow t6twtlK~v toptwv.l 
Ta Kp6tq µHq, ottlAouv, we H 106tou va tnttptnouv tr) Autoupyla Tr)<; avtaHay~<; 
tyypafwv 6nwc ntptypciff)Kt napanavw. AK6pa, yta tq BEAtlwoq tn<; EUEAt(lac npo<; 6ttAoc 
1wv nrAat~v, KOOE Kpcito<; µtAo< o•tlAEl va tnttptntt avtaAAayt<; tyypafwv OE 6taKtvo6µtvo 
taxu6poµElo µna(6 TOU~, EKT6C EQv Elvat nEnElOIJtvO 6u TO B~µa aut6 Oa tnAf)TlE tf)V 
napoxn r:aOoAtK~<; unripto(a<; ti')\ Taxu6poµtK~< Ynripto(a<;. 'Onou, vo1600, ta avttKElµEva ~a 
avtanoKp(vovtav ota Kplt~pta utha(f)C otov npootattv6µtvo toµta, t6tE auta 6Ev Oa 
µnopo6v tltE va ntptouAAtyovtat an6 Tl\ £yKataotaoEt<; tou taxu6poµo6vto<; EltE va 
6tavtµovtaL ottc qKataotciott~ tou napaA~ntl') an6 Kavtvav 6Ho napa tov fopta napox~< 
npooTatEu6µEVrJ< vnriptola<; <Kata to:µ~pto Tl'JV Taxu6poµtr:n YnqpEola) ~ tov ntAdtq nou 
Elvat nrirn tri< tntotoA~<;. 
_o_cA( 6a 1_9_ 1 
5.2 AYTOTAXYAPORHIH 
Avafoptr4 11£ 1a 6trat•11a1a 11v 6uv4ptt xpl)at•v va 1axu6popo6v auto( to 1axu6po1.1tK6 tou~ 
ulu6, anatahat dnota 6uu.:ph,tol), oulld 11£ 10 no6 11nopo6v va axu6pop~oouv to 
taxu6popu6 touc; ulu6 rat yu noto6c; npooptopo6c;. Optnu va · unoypa111.1to1£l 6tt fl 
eUtaoq avattpnu e6' ot 1axu6p611no11 < oe taxu6pop tr~ Ynripeo la> an6 tov (6 to tov 
ntldtq, xaplc; 1qv napep8oA~ ev6t611eoou topta er11e16AAtuoqc; 011) x•pa 1ou neA61q. 
K6tt rpdto( ptloc; ano6txetat 6tt ntA61qc; eyra1eo11111tvoc; otqv Entrpdtttd tou pnope( va 
1axu6po1u ( ha npootattu6pevo 1axu6po1u r6 avtt u ( 11evo 6nou en t fUtJ£ l E v16~ 1qc; th u~c; 
£ntrpdtttac;, tdv to QVTlKE(IJEVO npoopl~EtQl yta 6lGVOIJ~ EVt6c; tl)c; ERlKp01£lO«; aut~c;. 
Uh Tax u6poµ u~ Ynr)pto la tfapp6~£ t 1ov apx~ aut~, th ana t tnh: l, un6 ou1.18a1 u:o6c; 
6pouc;. <Ita ou1186Aata opl~ttat ouv~fvc; pl)t6 10 ou11tvvq11tvo ypa,tlo 1axu6p61.1noqc;.> 
Avafop t rd µe taxu6poµ u6 uAu6 nou ht t ArJt•t l an6 ndh tc; ntpa v av ouv6pn y la 
1axu6p61Jqoq 01qv Taxu6poptr~ Ynqpeo(a yla eyx•pta 6tavoµ~ otl)v entKpdttta 1qc; unnpeolac; 
au1~c;, I) 6not11 t1v rpativ ptA•v rat 11v Taxu6poptrtv Ynl)ptot•v un~plt 010 napelf6v rata 
dno to tp6no aouven~c;. Oc; unl)pto {a napaAa1.1Uvouoa < ~ "tto66ou" >, df t taxu6po1.1 l r~ 
Ynl)ptc (a ht l ano6£Xf t l £J.tnphac; tho ta npa nu:~. O t unqpeo l tc;, 1101600, otn dpa 
"tl66ou" houv (tll6 ratpo6c; fup~ott ll)V npanu:~ aut~ ffC napaSlaon µovondlou. H 
nparttr~ aut~ talvttat a~µepa va ylvetat ano6£KT~ an6 6Atc; Tl<; Taxu6pOIJlKtC Yn!}ptoltc. 
EntnHov, ~a ylvtl avttlr)nT6 6tt TO fip6otvo BlSAlo E(ETQ~El TO EV6EX61JEVO tvTa(l)C HIV 
6taouvoptar•v unqptot•v otov µn npoo1a1tu6µevo Toµta l8ltnE napaK6tw 1nv nap6ypato 8). 
O ntlhnc ~a du tno1.1tvwc; trJV tntloy~ va 6,oH To 6taouvoptaK6 1axu6poµdo tov OE 
l6llllK6 fOpta EKµ£tOllEUO!}c;, nap6 va TO 1axu6poµ~0El 0 l6lOC OE 61A!} x'pa. Io KQ~EOT'c 
yta tvav ndh!} no\! taxu6poµd yta Aoyaptaoµ6 1ou 6Ev nptnEl, SESalwc, va Elvat 
nEptoptottK6Hpo an6 aut6 nou lOX6Et na tvav tp(to fopta nou naphtl unnprn(EC Ot!} 
x•pa tou ntAhn. 
Avafoptrd µt EYX,pto taxu6poµelo npoc 6tavoµ~ 01nv l6ta EntKp6TEta 6nou tlvat 
EJKQTEOTl)tJtvoc tvac nEA6tl)c;, EV6tX£TQl 0 ntldt!}C va ETil~UIJE( va 6ta4tTEl T!}V ERl~OY~ 
~t!l~q_1~~------------------------------------------------~~tq!~l~-~-~-~ltl~~U_l~~-Rl!~~~~-~~~~~~ 
p£tafopll<: tou rnxu6po11dou at: llHri x~pa i::at rnxu6p6µr)o~c tou Hd yta 6tavoµ~ nlo~ 01ri 
x'pa tou. Elvat oriµavttK6 onota6nnot£ anoKActottKa 6tKat~µa1a nou txouv napaoxE&E( 01ov 
topta napox{)<: npootau:uoµtvn unqp£oth va µr)v npooKpo~ouv iJE autn tr)v £uxtpE ta Tou 
nEAdtq KOL Enoptva<: to 6tEA6<: tOU an6 tr)V apxn tr)<: EAEU~Ep(a<; napoxn<: unqpEOL,V. 
nptnu, 1ot600, vo Af]tfoh phpa y ta TrJ 6 t aotU t Of) 6tt auto6 tou El6ou<; IJ npan u{) EK 
µtpouc: tou ntAhri 6£v unoodntet tov 016xo napox{)<: ufolu{)c: un.QpEOlac: otl) dpa tou 
ntA61q. Dptntl, tnoµtv1c:, va 6LaotaALotEl 6tL q Taxu6poptK{) Ynl)ptola otq xipa 6tavo11{)c: 
np6ypatt 6 uvtpet to taxu6poµdo aut6 < tllv a.Ht ec: avtanoKp t vhav ota KP t t{)p ta y ta t fJV 
tat4ta(~ tou<; atov npootattu6µtvo toµta>. Katll 6t6ttpo A6yo, to tt110A6yto nou 
Kata86Unat otrJV unqp£ola 6tavo11{)c: yta to tpyo nou 6tt~h£t nptn£l vo ano~QIJlh£L 
nA{)p1c: tl)V unqptola 6Lavop{)c: yLa TLC: 6anllv£<; 6tovop{)c: tf)<;. 
'OnttC: 6qAUriu, fJ napo6oa t~haori nou atopd taxu6popu6 uAu6 nou taxu6popd taL OE 
6£6t£pf) Xipa flQ 6LOVOµ{) n{olt Otf) Xipa tOU nEAdtf) QVOftp£t0t Ota 6tKOL,µata tOU nEAlltf) 
nou taxu6poµtl yta Aoyaptaoµ6 tou. Tpltot tOPEl<: tOPEl<; SploKovtat OE 6tatOPEtLK{) voµLK{) 
ftoq, Kat n ntpln11on ou~f)tbtat Atntoµtptottpa napaKllt1 otriv napllypafo 7.3. 
6. YROXP£0fl[£I YRHPEIIEI 
YnoxpttttKt<: unf)ptolE<: KaAo~vtat auttc: twv onol1v fl napox{) tlvat avayKaottK{). Etov 
1axu6poptK6 toµta q avtlAqtJJ aut{) ouv6tEtat ouv{)fw<; µE unoxptaoq KafoAtt{)<: unf)pEola<;, ttol 
Aott n unoxputtK~ unqptola va ElvaL ouv~h\ µ(a unf)pEo(a n ono(a nptntt va naptX£tat 010 
o6voAo 1nc: ETillPdtElQ\ an6 tvav fOpta EKµEt6AAEU0f)\ ~ nEpl006t£pou<; fOpE(<; an6 KOlV06. 
'Ont~ EKtt~Q«E otqv Tiapllypato 3 napandvw, o fEµEAt,6f)<: A6yo\ yta Kafttpwori oEtp6\ 
npootattuoµtv1v unriptotiv tlvat n avdy«q napox{)c unqpEot'v ytvt«{)c: tKtaon<: Kat Efapµoync oto 
a6voAo tn<: tntrpattlac. An6 to napanavv tnEtal 6tl 6AE\ ot npootattu6µ£vEc unnpEo(E<: nptnEt 
va naptxovtat KafoAtK'C· Aoto6 tou tl6ouc ot unqptolE<: Elvat Enoµtvw<; unoxp£wtt«tc: 
npootattu6µtvt<; unqpEolE\. 
Elvat nt&av6 va un6px.ouv Kat HAE<: unqpEo(tc; nou E!vat unoxptnu:~c: t60E1<;, 6x.t 6µwc; 
npootattu6µ£VE\. Autou TOU tl6ou<; Ol UTIOXPE~OEl<: EV6txttat va anattOUVTOl YlQ lf)V 
uavono(qon KOlVOtl«h Kat/~ thtKh unf)ptotadv 016uv. Ot unr)pEolt<; autt<: avaHovtat 
~tuptotd napuda. EnEt6{) ~a AEltoupyouv otov av1ayntottK6 (IJfJ npootaTEu6µEVol 10µta, 
tlvat Enlon<: OK6ntµf) f) ~<: tva 8a3µ6 E(ttOOf) tf)<; XPf)IJOTo66tf)O{)<; lOU<;. 
Ot npootatEu6µEVE<: UOf)?EO(E<: dvat unoxpottlK~C: fUOEM<: KQl OUVEn6yovtal optoµtvE<; 
unoxpdtott<: yla tov ,opta napox~c: av npootattu6µEv~v unqptoth. Ot nt&avt<: unoxpEiOEt<; 
autou tou El6ou<; E(Et6~ov1at napaKOT~ ottc; napayp6touc; 13-15. nptnEt va anOTEAtOEl 
~~t~Aqt2_~-~-Elt1q~n_1!~_rrt~q~t~-!~~l~!------------------------------------------------~~!t~q_t~~ 
aVlllE(µEVO E(ttaori< OE TIOl6V 8a&µ6 Ol unoxpEQOEt< autt< E(VQl E(loov KatdAAqAE~ yta 
unoxpEttllKl~ unqpto(t~. H an6taon tv6txnat va E(aptq&El an6 to rntd n6oov ot unqpto(E~ 
tlvat unoxpEillKt( OE KOlVOlll6 ~ OE £&Vll6 Enln£60. 
&.1 YROXPEOTllEI YRHPEIIEI IE lOllOTilO EDIREAO 
ea npaypatonotf)ftl cafoptOlJ6( ttv npootattuoptv1v 1opt1v ot 6Aq tqv t11aoq tQ( 
Kou6tqta(. Toho np6uttat va y(vet avatoptd 11£ ha avhato · 6pto 86pou( rnu~( 
tox6ot Kat pe tva avttato 6pto tlll~( nou fa cafoptoTtl OE Kdft 1p6to( µtAo(. 
<E~£T6~ttat AtntopeptoTtpa napa1611 otqv Dapdypafo 18.> 
l6f£ cp6TO( µtAo( fa txtt To 6tral1µa va catopl~Et yta TQV tntcp6ttt6 tou tvav 
npooTauu6pno TOJJta nou f;( vat JJ up6apf)( htaof)( an6 auT6v nou txu utop t oTtl ot 
r:otvoT u6 en l nt6o. OoT6oo, nptnu va ouvu l ~£ t va t~aotaAl ~£ t tqv napox~ ufoA u:~( 
unqptola( otqv £nt1p6t£t6 TOU touA6xtotov tt( ta 6pta nou txet Ka&oplott Q Kotv6tqTa. 
To o6voAo ttv npo0Tateuoµtv1v unqpeot•v, 6ntc txouv ratoptotEl ot Kotvottc6 enlnt6o, 
anot£Ao6v tnoµtv1c unoxpetttKt( unqptoltc. Ev' tvan6rttTat ota rp6Tf) µtAri Q µttatpon~ 
optoµtvtv an6 auttc tlC unqpeoltc ot µn npooTaTtu6µtvE(, &a napaµtlvouv ndvTt( 
unoxpttTtl~C t6ott(. 
6.2 YftOlPEOTllEI YRHPEIIEI IE E91Il0 ERIREAO 
'Eva Kpho( \!Hoc £v6h£TQl VO ETil&uµd Tf)V E(OOt6AtOf) unf)pEOloc YEVlK~C htaOQC KOL 
Efapµoy~c ntpo on6 ta Kotvotud 6pta. Kol n6At, n unoxphori ouT~ µnopd vo tt&El OE 
µq1onptvo topta EK\lEtdHEuonc Couv~hc otriv Toxu6popu:~ Ynqptolo> ~ OE nEptoo6ttpouc 
fopElC nou cpyd~ovtot ouAAoytrd yta Tqv napox~ ra~oAtr~c unqptolac. 
Anotaol~ovtoc Edv tnt&uµo6v outo6 tou cl6ouc tf)C unoxpewttK~C t6otwc, µq 
npootattu6µ£V£C unnptolEc, ta tp6tf) µtAri ~a XP£lOO&o6v, .UOtKd, va 6lEPEUV~OOUV TlC 
t&vtKtc touc onatt~oetc. ea XPttoo~o6v tnloric vo A6Souv un6•n ttc unoxpt,ottC nou txouv 
TE&£( an6 Tf)Y ruvf~Kq Tf)C nrE.AYOfOPtK6 IJE autd, TO 'Ap&po 28 Tij( ruvf~rnc 
<npoqyouµtvt1c 'Ap&po lCJ> •olvtTat va unoxpthtt to o6voAo uv Taxu6poµtdv Ynqptoth 
nou tlvat µHq trJC va naptxouv ra~oAtr~ unqpEola he rat 660 kg rat he rat 5 kg na 
optoµtva tvTuna. To rotvotu6 ovhato 6pto Sdpouc yta tov npootatEu6pno 10µto Tf)C 
tlvat nt&av6 va tE~El aprttd K6tw rat an6 ta 660 aut6 6pta. 
6.3 XPHRATOAOIHrH 
H E~tlµnon t~v xpqµato6ottl'v tntntiotvv twv unoxptiott1v autiv txtt µty6Af) oqµoola. Ot 
tntnt,ott~ auttc Oa t(apT,vtat ot µty6Ao Sa&µ6 an6 tqv otKovoµtK~ an66ooq tvv 
unf)p£01h. H an66oori, 1JEta(6 dAhv, Oa E(aptq&El an6 ta tqrnA6yla rat to noooot6 
6tt6puvoric TOU K6KAOU tpyaot,V. 
Eh houv upoAoyriOtl owotll, 6£ v unllpx£l A6yo~ o l µri npootaTE u6µ£ VE~ unoxpu11 l Kt<; 
unqptalEC: va pqv dvat up6ot6PE<;. np6KEttal va r:a1aotouv xpqµa1060Hr:6 Upoc; i.t6vov 
61av 1Efo6v ta £nln£6a ttp'v k6t1 an6 to K6010<;, 1<; npoTllJr)OlaK6 tlµoA6yto, rat/~ 61av 
o 6uv6pEt l6lAoc: £pyaot•v anoµu~lltal tnlAEKtlKll 6nou ot npoOfEp6µEvE<; ttµtc; Saol~ov1at 
ae ttpoloyta«~ t(lo1oq. 
Avatop ud pe ti) 6s6apq an6 tu; n t tavchquc; autt<;, 6£6oµtvou 6TL o t t v A6y1 unqp£o t.:c: 
Au toupyo6v nov l.llJ npootauu6pno top ta, KP l YE ta l Aoy u6 va npoottpETat ot pqdArJc: 
rA(parac: neA6tt<: t(tt 6tofOP£1lk6 TllJOA6ylO Kata ntplOX~ ~ tvtalo ll1JOA6ylO tnlKPQtElac: 
aAA6 PE £Kt£l£0t~ p~tpa anoKAtl0tll6tf)10<;. 
Edv nap6Aa avt6 ot pq npoa1a1ev6ptv£<: unoxpe11t1tc: unqptolt<; £~aKoAoufo6v va pqv tlvat 
Ktp6ot6Pt<:, ta anattqftl, •<: t£A£utala npoofuy~, va £~£taoOtl xpqpato66tqoq an6 6AAt<; 
nrtrt<:. H XPIJl.IGT066tfJOf} aut~ fa £AllµSav£ Tri IJOPf~ El T£ t ~IT£p u:~c: £n l66tqor)<; (KO ta 
npotlµqoq an6 tov opyavtoµ6 nou tntSllAAEl tqv unoxpt1on> tltE 6tEnt661nori~. 
Kat Otte; 660 ntptntAottc;, nptntt va £Vtontottl no6 napouotll~ouv {r)plt<; ot unoxptwtttt<; 
unqptolt<: <avt( tQ<; anMc: n£pqpat~C: touc: 1<; ouvoAu:a ~rJiHoy6vnl. Dptntt va rnaotd 
6uvat6<; 0 EYTODlOJ.16<; TIV ~Qµt•v OE l6talttPEC: Yt•YPOtlKt<; ntptoxtc: KQl r) TIOOOllKOTIO(r)Or) 
av npoo66n &:al 6anavh nou ouv6tovtat µt tr)v napox~ unoxpt1Tl Kh IJ'I npootaT£U61Jtvwv 
unl]ptoth oTt<; ntptoxtc autt<;. <Ot napanlln Oa ulvouv va dvat ot n£ptoxtc 6nou ot 
fOptl<; tKµttllAAEuoo<; nou 6tv Elvat unoxptiµtvot oE napoxn Ka~oAtKn\ unqpEola\ va 
£V6laftpOVTQ l A q6u:po Ya OU!l1Jtl60XOUV OTOV a vray•V l OIJ6.) £ noµt Vt!(. Kd&E Ent 66tt]Ot] n 
6ttnt66tf)OJJ pnop£l _Kat nptn£t va Kaflotatat 6tatav~\. <BAtnE £nloq\ tqv napllypafo 15.2 
11apad11. > 
7. IEEI YDHPEIIEI 
o ytvtK6<; 016xoc tnlTEu(q<; ufoAu:~c: unqptolac ot npoottt<; ll!Jt\ hEt o6qynott otqv ano•tJ 
6tl optaptvt<; npootattu611£vt<; unqptoltc; np6Ktttal va naptxouv tqv anattouµEvtJ npootaola yta 
t~v t(aot6Atol] tnapr'c xaµqA'v 6anav'v µovl16a<;. Aut6 to tn(n£6o Eo66wv/6yKou Epyaotiv nptnEt 
YO ETilTEUX0£{ jJ£ TOV tptxovta KGl µ£ TOY npo8Atn6µEVO K6KAO Epyaotiv. 
£noptn<;, talv£Tat AoytK6 to ouiintpaoi.ia 6tt vtt\ unf)pto(t<;, ot ono(E\ au~avouv tov Kudo 
Epyaoth av tou toµta av 1axu6poµElwv nptntl va 1ono~£1ouvtat ot6<; tau npootat£u6i.tEvou 
touta. It optoptvt<; ntptnt,ott<;, vat6oo, cv6txctal va µqv E(vat oatn\ tJ a6(tJOtJ tou 1:6KAou 
tpyaot'v rat 1JdA>.ov va tox6ct 6tt µtpoc; tou KuKAou Epyaot~v TtJ\ vta\ unnptola<; va anot£AouoE 
K6KAO Epyaot'v nou clxc anwAtoEt JJ "napa6ootat~" unqpco(a. 
E(vat anapa(trpo<; o oa,~\ npoo6toptou6~ lfl\ voµlK~\ or:onlO(. liEv EnapKE( pa µ{a vta 
unnpco{a va 6ta9tpEl tAa,pll an6 lf)V RPOOlQlE\J6µEVtJ 6paOttjpl6lJ)lQ. (fiptOEl VQ Of)IJElW~E{ 6tl 
~l1q!q1~-a_~_tEt1gqn_11~_n1tq~t!_!~q~1! ________________________________________________ Q~~t~~-1~~ 
oploptvt~ an6 tl<; 6paatqpl6tqtt<; npottolµao(a~ 1axu6poµtlou nou ntptypa,ovtat napaKatw 01qv 
Hap6ypafo 9.4 fa pnopo6oav va avtanorplfo6v OE tva ntplOPloµtvo KPlt~plo auto6 1ou tl6ou\.) 
Antvav1(ac:, fa tlvat anapaltqto yta pta vta unqptola va tlvat ot oqpav1tr6 8afp6 6tafopttlK~ 
nptv anotaotaul ht nphu va tonofnqf£( nov JHJ npoo1auu6pt~o 1opta. Yn'au1~v trJV 
tvvota, pta unqpiola avtaAAay~c: iyyp6ftY talvttat or6ntpo va tvtaxttl 01ov pq npoo1a1tu6ptvo 
topta, aU4 ha o6vqtec: £ntotoAtd taxu6poptlo yta Ehle~ 6tavop~, ··10 onolo n£ptAap8htt 
neptovAAoy~ an6 tl( eyrataat6att( ttv neAat6v nap6 an6 nap66ta ypappattct86tta, ta naptµEvt 
npootau u6pno. 
To UYOVlotllC6 6pyavo dt£ KphOU( pUouc: <uUc: £n(Of)(, nttavtc:, Ul 11)( (OlVhf)1ac:> ta 
nptnu va oplau tQ oqpaota trJC: U(rJC: •oqpavnr6• rat6 neplnuoq. tuotd, onota6~nott 
an6faaq auto6 Tov £ Uouc: ta nphu va AQth l a6pftva pt nc: vnoxpdo£Lc: tQC: Iuvthqc: 1c: 
PtprJ(, t6ta(1tpa tqv apx~ 111c: tAtuftplac: napox~c: unqptot•v rat 1ouc: rav6vt<; av1ayvvloµo6 ti)<; 
Kotv61quc:. 
E6v pta vta unqptola cataottl anapaltqto ototxtlo yta tqv tnlttu(q TfJC: ratoAtc~<; unoptola<;, 
d val 6uvat6v va avn PE un tot el q tva1p6110~ tr)<; otov npootatt u6pno top ta o6µuva pt ta 
KPlt~pta nou ra3t£p,fqrav 01qv nap6ypafo 4 napan6vv. 
8. AIAtYIOPIACO TAXYAPOKEIO 
Elvat anapal1010 va £~t1aoftl rat6 n6oov o npoo1a1tu6µtvoc: topta<; fa tnptnt va ntptAaµSavtl 
1600 qxtp uc: 600 rat 6 t aouvop l adc: unopto ( £<;, ~ rat6 n6oov fa 6ttt h va y l vt t 6 t hp l on 
µt1a(6 1ouc. Itqv napo6oa t(tTaon, ot tv6orotvoTtKtc Kal ot 6lt&vtlc 6taouvoplartc: unnptoltc: 
E~Et6~0VTQt (EXiPlOt6. 
8.1 EIAOlOIIOTIKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
O BaotK6<; A6yoc: yta 1nv rafttp1on ottpd<; npo0Ta1tuoµtvav unnptot•v Kotvwvtr~c: t6otwc -
o t(aot6Aton KafoAtK~C: unqptolac:. To610 ouvrndy£Tat tvav otrovoµu6 A6yo -npootaola 
an6 anoKAElOTLKQ 6tKat8µaTa YlO Tr) 6taot6Al01) TOU 6tKT6ou KafoAtK~<; Unf)ptolac:. 0 
O\KOVOIJtK6C aUT6C A6yO( 8aol~ETal OTQ OlKOVOµlKd 6£6oµtva TWV 6lKl6iV "naylwv 6anav•v". 
Iruianuol ntptoptopo( otov 6yKo av tpyaoth aa Elxav vc anotHtoµa 1qv a6(rion av 
6anavh av6 µov66a, xpqoq1onothTac: IJE 1ov 1p6no au16 10 060Tq1Ja KaTd tp6no At y6Hpo 
npoolt6 OTO KOtV6 KQl, T£AlK6, KlV6UVE6ov1ac: va KQTaOT~OOUV Pf) 8l,OlPO TO 6lKTUO. 
rtriv ntplntvori tou tv6oKotvottKo6 1axu6poµtlou ta OlKovoµlKQ ptytaq 6taftpouv A6yw 1ou 
utriAo6 n'>aoo106 av 1JETa8Aq1h 6anavh. Ta EVEX61Jtva 01otxda 1ou naylou 6tn6ou (~ 
nap66ta ntptouUoy~ Olf) x8pa anoo10A~C KQl Ol 6lavoi.itc: Otr) xepa napa6oonc> HAo6v un6 
r:aftot~\ npoo1ao!ac:. O µ6vo\ A6yoc, OE otrnvoutr:o6c 6pouc, yta Tf)v anotur~ tf)\ 
an£AEu4tpt1CJfJ<: talv£tal nt1c; £lvat 10 yEyov6c 61l fl unqpEala 6tavopflc; Ev6hE1at va \JfJV 
ano~q1u14£l nA~p1c; Yla HC: 6an6v£<: 1qc; c nap a 10 yqov6c; 61l au16 10 np6Ur11Ja avu6n1£ t 
~6q ua6 to o6otqpa tQ<: DTE>. Ol Taxu6poptKtc; Ynqp£olE<: txouv ndvtt1<: f)6q A68Et optoµtva 
µttpa yta tqv avttµet6ntoq tov ~qt~µato<: auto6, EV' to nap6v tyypato npot£lV£l 
ntpatttp1 petapputp(oet(. 
6ev 6taKplvovtat oqpavttKol otrovoµttol A6yot yta va n£plAQtfo6v £v6oKotvotttt<: 
unqpeol£( otov npootateu611evo toµta, ev' utlotavtal unqptotarol A6yot yta to av1lte10. 
Oc; npoc; tf)V Aettoupytr~ an66ooq, aut6 to Enln£6o tqc; napexoµtvqc; e(unqpttQOIJ<: vn6 tlc; 
taxu6poµtrtc; Ynqpeolec; yta 6taouvoptattc; unqptolec; tlvat Aty6t£po travonotf)ttK6 an6 to 
napn6pevo y ta qdp uc; vnqptol ec;. H E (llAE t tq tou x6oµatoc; av1o(J < u l enoµtnc; tou 
• e11006 lou A6y1 ouv6pou" > anotdd to l vo1 u:6 ot6xo. To putµ tot u:6 uhot6c; nou h£L 
en l hye l el vat to 11too y u1 trJV En l tt u(q auto6 tou ot6xou. Toho uta6£L nh l tqv 
£Aeuftp1oq TQC: ayop6c; IC: r(Vf)tpo 8EAtl,0£1V Olf)V E~unqpttf)Of). 
ea µnopo6oav 8e8al1c; va un6p(ouv avriouxlE\ puGµtaTtKo6 xapaKt~pa axtttra µ£ µla tttota 
EAeuftp1oq. Ev6tx£tat t6Lat1tp1c; va unap(El rlv6uvoc yta to a6vq4£\ £YX,PlO Taxu6poµ£lo 
oto Ba4µ6 nou icaA6ntt l ta icp l l~P ta Yl a ra tha(ri otov npootaH u61.1tvo loµta, rnUc; 
E\Jtavl~£tal t<: 6laouvoplaK6 Taxu6poµ£{o ~OT£ va napar6µt£l Tl<: npooTaTtu6µ£V£\ 
unqptal£c;. E(vat oattc 6Tt ri naphaµtri auT~ HJ\ noAl ttr~c 4a iinopo6o£ va HoEt OE 
rlv6uvo Ta otrovoµtrd pEytfq, ota onola Baa{~ETat ri napoxfl twv ra4oAtr'v unqp£ot,v, rat 
nptnEl va £µno6to4tl. 
Iuvotl~OVTQ(, Ta £0lXElPilJJaTQ OXETlK6 JJE Tr)V napoxfl OTOUC ntA6TEC Tf)C 6uvaT6Tf)ta<; 
KaA6t£PflC £~unnpttnoric µtoi £up6ttpqc EntAor~c tlvat aKataµ~xnta. Rp6K£ttat tnoiitvic va 
avtqu:nntoTd fl tna(q tou £v6oKotvotuo6 Taxu6poµdou oTov iin npo0Tat£u611Evo Toµta. 
Eh dnoto rphoc 11Hoc avqoux~ot:t 6Tl tva ttToto 11ttpo tv6httat va 6tuuBt6oEt triv 
KafoALK~ unqpEola TOU, 11nop£( va En~,EAq~El an6 E(alpEan EfQPIJOY~C KOlVOTlK~C 
vopottala<: OTO 8atp6 nou naptxtTat oTo 6pfpo 98.2. Avayv1pl~ETat fl avqouxla OXETlKC IJE 
tov putplOtld Utrxo Ul nphtt tat va a:atup1&o6v ratUAqAa ouot~pata tAtnou. H 
Enltpon~, pt tq Bo~ttta Ttv rpaTAv ptAAv ta npoTtlvtt ta anatT~6ptva auaT~pata. 
E(val ano6tlt6 6tl t6v npo~ to nap6v 6tv t(vat IJQ npoatattu6ptvo, optoptva rp6tq ptAq 
ev6txetal va XP£l6~ovtat nep(o6o npooappoy~<: yta tqv uAonolqoq tf)<: aAAay~c. H 6ldprtta 
tq~ nept66ou npoo1ppoy~~ fa nptnet v1 opl~ttat rat6 neplnt1oq. 
Rap6 to y£yov6~ 6tt to Rp6otvo BtBAlo npooavatoAl~ttat npoc tf)V rat£6tuvoq tvta~qc tou 
tv601otvottro6 6taouvoptaro6 taxu6popelou atov pq npootaTtu6ptvo topta, ta ouvexl~El va 
un6pxu unoxphoq napox~~ utoAu~<: unqptolac yta taxu6po11tlo auto6 Tou tl6ouc. H 
Taxu6pop t K~ Ynqpeola otq xtpa t06ou ta ht t unoxphoQ napox~c utoA t «~<: 
unQptolac un6 popt~ eyratao16ot1v ntptouAAoy~c yta 6taouvoptar6 taxu6poptlo TO onolo ot 
ntAhtc tntHyouv va taxu6popo6v pt tov Tp6no auT6v. H Taxu6popu~ Ynqpto(a tf)C 
el otpx611tvqc xtpa<: ta · nptnt l va ouvu lot t va naphtt rafoA t «~ unqptol a 6 t avo11~c 
yta taxu6poptlo nou npotpxnat an6 6HQ rotvotlK~ x'pa t6v aut6 anatttlTo an6 Tov 
ntAdTQ ~ TOY 9opta £«ptt6AA£U0f)C ~ tf)V Taxu6p01JlK~ Ynqpto(a E(66ou. 
H ou~~tf)Of) OVQfOpu:6 11£ TO E6v TO EV60KOlVOTlK6 taxu6poµElo nptnEl va KOtatayEl OTOV 
npooTattu6µtvo Topta ~ 6xt avaA6Etat 6tE(o6tK6 OTO nap6p1nµa 15. 
8.2 AIE8MEI TAXYAPO"EIO 
To 6ttfvtc taxu6popt(o tlvat taxu6poptlo nou tltE npotpxttat an6 1nv EK yta 6tavop~ ot 
dpa EKT6<: Tr)C EK~ npotpxetat EKT6c TJJC EK YlO 6taVOIJ~ OE rpdtoc ptAoc ("E(Epx6µEVo" 
KGl "ElOEPX61JEVO" 6ttfvtc taxu6popt(o avt(OtOlXQ). Kat OllC 660 ntptntiOElC 3a 
GVTllJETIOlOfEl f) tvta(q TIV taxu6p01JlKh auth poh OTOV IJf) npootaTEu6µ£VO toµta. 
Kphoc J,1tAoc nou avqouxtl 6Tl q hta(q tou 1axu6po1Jdou au106 otov IJJJ npootaT£u6ptvo 
Topta tv6txETQl va ~f)IJl,OEl tr)V a:afoAtK~ unqpto(a TOU, J.!OOpd VQ £0Vt€Ar)fd an6 
t(alptOf) EtOPIJOY~C Tf)C KOlVOTU~<: VOIJOfEolac OTOV Ba3µ6 nou naptxETQl an6 TO 6p3po 
98.2. H tAtuftpvoq tou ttocpx6µcvou 6ttfvo6<: taxu6poptlou 3a µnopo6ot va 6r)IJtOupy~oEt 
avUoycc avriouxltc OXttld lJE tov pu,,µtottK6 Ocno, yqov6c nou µnopd va tox6ott 
tn(Oij< YlQ Tr)V EAtuatpvori TOU EV60KOlVOTlK06 6taouvoptOK06 taxu6p01JE(OU. 
~~~t~q_l~~------------------------------------------------Kf t~!qiq_~-~-~~t1q~rr_1~y_rr1~qy~~-!~~~~~ 
ea anal HJ3d moµ hi< fJ Kaf l tp11ori Ka ta.U~ hv ouo,. nµa av EH vxou y ta 10 rnx u6polJdo 
aut6. 
rt a opt oµtva Kphri pHq, th to taxu6polJd o aut 6 d vat npo< to nap6v npootaH u6µE vo, 
tlvat 6uvat6v va anattf)1£l optoµtvl) ntp(o6o< npooapµor~<· OptnEt, 1ot600, va OfJIJEtilE( 
6tt fa anattqlo6v nttavi( Aly6upo tttot£< ntplo6ot neooapµoy~( yta 6t£ht( 
taxu6poµ£lo, napa yta tv60Kotvottr6 6taouvoptar6 taxu6poµt(o. 
8.2.1 t=EPXOMENO 
fta to t(£px6µno 6u:ht( uxu6poµ£lo, ta otrnvoµtK6 1J£Ytl1J dvat ou66v ta l6ta 1J£ 
auta nou tox6ouv yta to tv6orotvottK6 taxu6poptlo, 1J£ 660 £(atpto£t<:. Kata npAto A6yo, 
o l 6anh£<: 1J£tatop6<: £l vu n l fad<: µqaAh£P£<: <£(alt la<: tou utl)A6upou nooooto6 nou 
p£Tattp£ta l a£ponop l d<: Kat av 11qaAuttp1v anootaouv > • orn.1£ th£ta l 6tt ou66v 6A£( 
autt( Ol 6an6v£( £lvat IJ£ta8Aqtt(. 
Kata 6t6ttpo A6yo, to £(£px6pevo 6lEfvt<: taxu6poµ£lo t£lV£l va elval l6laltepa 
£ntnp6t<:, nap6Ao 6tt ptpo( av np6h XPIJOtponotdtat an6 Tl( Taxu6popu:t<: Ynqpeol£<: 
yta tf) xpnµato66tf)Of) t1v ~fJlllAv nou npor6ntouv an6 tf)v £lO£PXOIJ£VI) 6taouvoptaK~ 
KUKAOtop{a, Ol 6an6v£<: 6tavo11~<: tr)( onola<: t£lvouv va µqv raA6ntovtal an6 ta 
KataAl)Kttra ttAQ. Io y£yov6<: 6tt utlotavtat 6t£nt6otOO£l( 6£v anot£A£l, fUOlKQ, 
6tKQlOAoy(a yta Tf)V UlOfttl)OI) IJlQ( £t6tK0( KQVOVlOTlK~( fton<: OTO µtAAov. 
Ev~ TQ OtKOVOIJlKQ µeytfl) IOU 6ttlvo6<: taxu6poµ£(ou £(vat napEIJfEPO IJE auta tOU 
£V60KOlVOllK06, f) noAttlK~ &ton 6taftp£t. fta TO £V60KOlVOTlK6 taxu6poµ£(o, µnop£l va 
unootf)ptx&tl 6tl to taxu6poptlo 1JETa~6 naptol11v rat MaooaAla<: nptntt va avttµ£t1nl~ttat 
rn1~ lov aut6 tp6no 6n11<: aut6 µetaH Oapto(wv Kat Bpu~tHh. Atv µnopd, 1101600, va 
xpnotµonotntel tttotou tl6ou<: tntxtlpqµa yta to 6ttlvt<: taxu6poµtlo. 
nptnu va npooH~d 6tt lo tntXE(pqµa nou a,opd tf)V tµnttpoynµoo6vq OH< atpt£( 
µt1a,optc <nou napouota~Etat 010 napap1nµa 15, napdypafoc 2.3> µnoptl va E(vat 
toxup6ttpo 01r,v ntpln1wori lOU 6t€~vo6c laxu6poµt(ou. A6yv lOU u•riA6ttpou noooo106 nou 
µtta,tp£tat atponoptr'c Kat 111v tv6txoµtvvc noAunAoK61tpwv o6'v 6ta8l8aon<. tlvat noAo 
nt~av6 t6l~TlKO( fOptlc €KlJ€TQAAEuoqc, noAAo{ an6 TOUC ono(ouc E~El6lKEUOVlQl 0€ 
acponoptKtc µElafoptc, va µnopo6v va tnttoxouv <{owe: oqµavttr:a> r:aHHPfJ not61qta 
t(unnpt1nonc an6 ltC optoµtvec taxu6poµtrtc Ynr,ptoltc. 
ea tnptnt va ottpntoov ot KatavaA~1tc tnc Kotv61n1ac 1nv euxtpEta xpr,otµonolqonc 
t6lWTlKOO topta EKlJEldAAtuonc yla 6tt&vtc taxu6poµE(O ; An6 lijV dAAf) nAEupd, EV6tXElQl 
optoµtvtc Taxu6poµtr:t< Ynnptaltc va 6tafttouv ano6ottr61tpou< 6tar:avovtoµouc µElafopdc 
yta 6taouvoptu6 taxu6po11do an6 dHtc: r:at nHt, ~a ~1av XP~OllJO tav ot 6uvdµEt 
nt~dtcc 6tt&ttav np6o8aon npo< lOUC opyavtoµoO< nou ta tlxav napouotdott av,1tpo 
cn(nc6o cµnctpoyv~µoouvnc Kat t(unnpt1nonc:. 
ruvotl~ov1ac;, utlo1atat tva t6taltcpo toxup6 cntxclpr,µa untp tnc Kata1a(~< tou otov 11n 
npoo1a1tu6µtvo loµta. Op6rcttat tnoµtvwc: va av1lµt111ntott( n tvta(n 1ou 
taxu6poµtlou atov µq npoatattu6µtvo toµta. 
8.2.2 EIIEPXOKEIO 
To ttpa tou £toepx6pevou 6tetvo6( 1axu6popelou nptnet enlaq(_ va av1tpe11nto1el. I1qv 
upln11oq aut~, peyUot tOP£l( anonol~( pe Upa u:t6( tq( lou61qtac: n6hnu va 
eutvpo6v va ouyunphouv to 1axv6popelo 1ov( yu 1qv El ae fv·a dnpo 6laloy~c: oto 
eo1npu6 tQC: El. 'Onie: oup8alvu cat pe Ula 6uouvoptad taxv6popu6 pdpna, ta 
av1tpet1ntotel q lat6ta~~ tou otov pq npootatev6pevo 1opta. Oot6oo, 6n1c: ava16tqlt 01qv 
neplnt1oq tQC: ev6olotvottc~c: luclotoplac:, nptnet va cattep1to6v lGt6llqlot putptottlol 
tAtYXOl yu va ano,.:6ynu q anootol~ tou eydptov nponnn6pnou taxu6popdou pto1 
tov 6tetvo6( taxu6poptco6 ouot~patoc: 601£ va napa16pn1ovtat ta anocl£lOtll6 6llat6pata 
tov topta napox~( npoo1a1euoptv1v vnqpeot6v. 
Rptnu va oq11u1ttel 6u an6 tf) OlOOld tou cphouc: 11Uouc: t£lu:o6 npooptopo6, to 
1axu6popelo avt6 ta pnopo6ae va £pfavl~etat •c: ev601otvottK6 taxv6popelo. ea tnpene, 
1ot6ao, va tax6et to Kat6AAqAo xpovo6t6ypappa yta e~epx6pevo 6tttvtc: 1axv6popelo lat 
yta to £toepx6pevo 6tetvtc: taxu6popelo. 
8.2.3 GATS (f£VlK~ IupfttV(a Epnop(ou Ynqpeot6V) 
H tfappoy~ tn ttpoAoytadv npot6ouv nou nept yphovtat atqv napciypato 12 napada 
n6hna t va 6qp t oupy~aouv ha HXVQt6 np68AQpa y ta va avtayn totd ta n60«0t vot l Kd 
ratallqrttrd ttAq ota onola ta pnopo6oav va 6eopeuto6v 6Aec: ot taxu6poptrtc: Ynqptalec 
Tl'J<: EK, to tv6oro t voH K6 taxu6popdo ta pnopo6ot va pnattpe tat ut6<: tQC: EK y ta 
avataxu6p6pqaq pt ttpoA6yta TfJ<: DTE. <f ta optoptva avttrtlpeva ta ttpol6yta tQ<: DTE ta 
~tav xapql6tepa an6 aut6 nou Kata86AAovtat ptta~6 11v Taxu6poptr6v Ynqpeot6v tqc EK.> 
nputt '~ auto6 tou d6ouc, l'J ono la 6ev npoothH a(la aUd anoarono6ot anode tott Kd 
otqv napdraptq TfJC: 1otvottr~c noAtttK~C, ta ~tav anap66t1tq. 
Ot uv6vtc Kat ot unoxpdatt<: nou avtqJtt1nl~ovtat en( tou nap6noc: yta tqv CATS 6tv 
unoxpe6vouv tqv Kotv6tqta va tnttptttt napdraµtq ti')<: noAtttr~<: aut~(. Rptntt va 
E(Etaoto6v ntfavtc A6att<: pt touc: epnopt106c: nalpouc eh tnp6u:tto va pttaSAqOEl 
µtAAovttrd q ratdotaaq aut~. ntpav auto6 tou Otpatoc ttµoloyl1v/ratalqrttr6v ttA6v, ta 
rphq pHq nptntt va npo8o6v Ott<: anapaltQHC: npooappoytc yta va avtanorptto6v OllC: 
6£ope6ott<: t~<: GATS, t6talttpa 6oov atopd tqv np6a8aoq OE npootattu6p£VE< unqptolt<. 
~l~l~~-itt ________________________________________________ ~~t~!q1q_~-~-~tt1q~rr_l!Y_[i!qyty_~~~~!~ 
8.3 AOIDA 9E"AIA 
ea nptnEl, fUOlKC, va undpXEl EV ytVEl EAEU~Ep(a napox~~ unqpEOl~V. YEVttn auTn apxn 
tox6Et Kat OllJV ntp(nuoq IJETO,opc<; axuopoptKou uAuou an6 1p(1ou<; •opd<; 
£Kµt16AAtuoq<;, t(1 an6 µla x•pa rat 1axuop6µ1Jonc 1ou ot 6t61tp1J x'pa yta 6tavoµn 01qv 
apxu~ dpa <nou ouxvc\ uAdrnt avaaxu6p61J1JOIJ A-8-A), t6l~<: Eh naptutat dnota 
£ntnAtov unqptola otq 6£6ttpq x•pa, nou npoottt£t oqµavttrn a(la otqv 6A11 unqptola. 
Edv, 101600, ta avtlKtlptva nou txouv ptta,tpfel IJE aut6 tov tp6no avtanoKplvovtav ota 
icpt t~pta yta va n1axfoh otov npootauu6µno topta tou eydptou 1axu6po1J£lou otqv 
nphQ dpa <Upa A>, l'J 6pao1qpt6t11ta aut~ fa napa8la~E rn £t6td Kat anod£LOttd 
6tKat6µata 11v topt1v napox~<; npoota1euoµtv1v unl)p£ot•v 0111 xApa aut~. 10610 ta 
ouvt8atv£ en£l6~ ha<; t6tnu6<; topta<; uµttdUtuoq<; n£ptouUtyovta<; to taxu6poµElo 
aut6 OtrJ Upa A fa QVTGYIYL~hav IJE Tl)V Taxu6pOIJlK~ Ynf)p£o(a Tl)<; dpa<; aut~<; OTOV 
npootateu6µEvo toµta. 
H 6~AIOI) aut~ avattPETQl El6tK6l£pa Oll)V uAtK~ IJETGK{Vf)OI) auto6 TOU £(6ouc TIV 
taxu6poµtriv avttK£tptv~v. H Kat6otaon p£1a86AAEtat 01nv ntplnt•OIJ 6nou to npAto tµ~µa 
ti)<; aAuol6a<; <pttafop6 t~tt an6 1riv dpa A> 6tv tut uAlK~ un6otaon. E6A rt pnadvnon 
txtt •µtta,optr6• xapar1~pa : napayttat av1lypato 0111 x•pa A Kat otl) ouvtxtta 
anoottAAETal OTI') x'pa B. To VAllO µ£TOTptn£TQl tnEtla 0£ 61af~IJlOf) 6t4 TOU taxu6poµ£lou 
<~ 0£ 6nµoo(tuoq npo~ 1axu6p6µoori> pto.i tt::t6n11011c K«l tono1'tt11on~ ot thEAo. To uAu:6 
µnopd otf) ouvhtta va taxu6poµf)fE( otf) x'pa 6nou npayµa1onot~1'1JKE n Ht6n1on npo<; 
6tavop~ otq x'pa 6nou nap~xtn to apxtK6 avtlypato. 
Oot6oo, un6 1axu6poµtK06c 6pouc, 10 1axu6poµtr:6 uktic6 nptnEt va 1'E1pEl1at Iii<; 
av1txELµna nou npotpxovtat an6 Tfl dpa 6nou txouv u:1unw1'd. H l.llJ avuµETAntof) tou 
raxu6poµL rn6 uAt1co6 rat 'au16v tov tp6no fa ouvenay6Tav anot6ot LC a µtpou<; optoµtvwv 
6t£Uf~V1LK'V Ol£AEX'V 1axu6poµE(1v nou 1'a t"tyav TO KOlVOTtr:6 eµn6pto Olf)V 1unoypa,ca. 
AvaAoyf) napa1npf)Of) µnope( Va ylVEl OXEllKQ µE t:E{IJEVO, 6e6oµtva n ElK6VEC nou 
µna6l6ovtat ntpav HIV ouv6pn IJE l')Atopovtr:d µtoa na va µETatpano6v ot 1un1i1µtva 
av1lypa9a ta onola 1rnopo6v otn ouvhcta va tnto1pa9ouv w<; Ento10>.o otr1v apxun xt.pa. 
£Tqv ntp(naori aut~, ot rnxu6poµtrnl icav6V£<; 6Ev Enttptn£Tat va EnqpEaoouv 10 qrn6pto 
010 x'po lilV JAl')pO.OPl~V 0 T~V Tf)AETilKOLVlilVttiv. CH EKT{lJl')OI') TlilV po'v nAl')POfOPl'V µnope( 
va anoH.l.tOEl Ol')l.IGVllK6 napOyovta Olr) Otpatl')Ylr:~ EnlAOY~C xtipou EyKOTQOTQOf)<; 
ElalPHh.) 
+uotr:O, cv6hoat va clvat yqov6<; 6tt µtpo<; tr)<; TEAtr:Oc lllJO<: nou cn11pta~e otqv 
ent>.oy~ TOU 16nou Ht6nwor)<; va OfElA£Tat Ota taxu6poµtr:O THI} OTl'J xl!pa Tl)<; HT6RWOr)C. 
To EV6EX61JEVO au16 EVlOX6£t lf)V napat~pr)Of) 6tt Ta KQTQAr)KTtr:O TtAr) Oft{Aouv va 
Sp(or:ovtat OE OTEY~ oxton VE llC lOX60UOEC 6an~VE<; 6tavoµ~c. 
K~t~!~lq_~-~-trt1«~n_1tY_[1!gyty_!~q~!Y ________________________________________________ ~~!l~g-~~1 
9. EYPOr TOK RPOrTATEYO"ENQN YDHPEIION -EOI"EPOYr 8E"ATA 
E(€lHovrn l napadu op lOIJtVE<; £V6£X61J£V£<; npoBA111Jall Kt<; Atn to11tp£ L £<; nou afopo6v to nt6 lo 
6pQOI')( TOU npootat£U61JEVOU topta. 
7.1 OPOBAHKATA OPIIROI 
AqA,tqr£ napan6v1 6tt ot £ntotoAt<; pnopo6v va anot£Atoouv nttavt<; npootattu6p£V£( 
UOl')p£0{£(1 6tt 6p1( nptn£l Ya lOX60£l TO avt(f£t0 flQ UDl')P£0{£( 6ep6tlV lQl 
icaunuy6vtn. Itl)V np6~1), 1ot600, pnopel va pqv tlvat anA~ I) 6thpto~ tou<;. Ot 
ntAhtc: ut ot pq u6u:ol Katat6ooouv 6uhopa avHrelptva •<: •tntotoAtc:•· ft 'auto6c:, 
np6.:utat yta ynu~ ntptyp11t~ nu:otvnlcu; nou 11nopd va otaAd PE 6tatoptttd ptaa 
<oupntptA11p8avoptv1v tou ouv~fou<; taxu6poptlou, tou rattntlyovto<; ~ ti')<; 
tqAeoµototunla<:>. Itqv ntplnttoq aut~, o 6po<; •tntotoAn• avattpetat 6n1<: 
XPl'JOl1JOROl£ltal an6 TOU( fOp£{<; £1CP£t6AA£UOI')( -6qAa6~ PE tqv'tvvota £V6<; QVTllC£tptvou 
EfilKOlVIVla<; nou anoottAAETQl µ£ o6vqt£<; lOXU6poµ£lo. 
H REPlYPGfQ QUTQ anatt£(, IOt6oo. n£patttp1 6l£UKPlVlOI'). 
Ta OVtlKE(ptva Tl')( taxu6poµtK~<; ERllCOlVIVla<; neptAap86vouv EOlOTOAt<; ICQl 6£At6pta, 6xt 
6µ1<; 611µoote6ott<; ~ avttrelpeva nou ntpttxouv tpnopt6µata. Mnopo6v va xpqotponotqto6v 
YlG npoo~nlKQ n tpnoptK~ CouµntptAap8avoptv1v tlV opyavtoµiv> aAAl')Aoypatla. 'Eva 
ta~u6poµtic6 avtlKE{µEVO 6tv anoottAAETQl µto• TIV Tl')AERllCOlVIVliV. 'Eva £RllCOlVIVlaK6 
µ~vuµa. 1ot600, nou ht t apx u:6 otaAtl µtoi tr\Atn uo t vn th µnopd va µt tatpant l ot 
taxu6poµtr6 QVTtK£{µ£VO EICTUTIIV6µ£VO, tl~tµEVO OE fdKEAO KGt anoot£AA6µEVO YlQ Olavoµn 
(6AtRE tr)V E(ttaOr) ti')\ nl)AtrtpOVLKf)<; 1JEt6600l)\n OTl')V Ilap6ypafO 9.3). 
ea anattr)0£{, yta voµo~£tlK06<; orono6<;, aKpt8tot£poc optaµ6\. H np60eoq, n6vtw<; t6' 6£v 
£{vat r) ava~ntrJOI') TOU tOXQTOU OPLOj.106 µta\ ETitOTOAn\ n £V6<; aVTlKEtµtvou TQXU6poµtKn\ 
EntKotvwv{a<;. O optoµ6\ nou 66~r)K£ napan6vi anooron£{ va t{vat ytvtrnc t6011\, 'ot£ va 
anotEAtl tv6Et~f) tric ytvtKn\ npootyytoric nou anattE{tat. Entnltov, ri naparatw av6Auoq 
~~·l~El optoµtva Et6tKa npo8Mµarn nov av1q.1eunl~ovtal rnt6 tov optoµ6 uv oplwv tr)\ 
rntornMc. H tHtaoq unoypaµµl~t:t t6tatttptt<; ll<; unriptoltc nou 6£v Elvat ouv~Ot:t<; 
rntotoH<;. 
9.1.1 EnirTOAEr/KATEHEifOHTA AHTIKEIMEHA 
n~c µnoptl tva Kattnt(yov 1axu6poµlK6 avttK£(µ£vo va 6tarpt0tl t6roAa an6 µla tntotoAn; 
H 6lfotaon tov, 10 Bdpo<; Kat 10 ntptn6µtvo n6ht1at va tlvat 1a aut6. At6µf) rnt n 
tax6tqta 6tavo~f)c t:v6txttat va tlvat nap6µota. 
H ouat~6FJ<; 6la,opQ 8p{oKETat atl)v (un6 otav6~noH JJOPtfi> a({a nou npoot(~Etal an6 1ouc 
,opd<; napoxf)c KaHn£ty6vav unr)ptath Kat ri onola y(vnat OVTlAf)ntf) an6 rnuc n£A6ttc. 
~~~l~q_iii ________________________________________________ ~tt~!~iQ_~-~-~~t1~~rr_!~Y_rr1~~Y!Y_!~~t~Y 
O n>.tov anoTEA£oµaTlr6( tp6noc ra3optoµou TrJC t6ta(apqc a~lac nou ylvna1 avttAr}nTq 
E(Val 1} ~E,Pr}Or} Tr}( t6talTEPr)C Ttµnc nou Elvat 6tOTE~ttµtvot va KataSOAouv Ol ntAOTE(. 
9. 1.2 EfiIKOINONIAKA KHNYKATA IAIOTIKOY XAPAKTHPA 
A£601Jtvou 6tl TO Kplt~pto tOU t6lltlK06 xapaKt~pa ~~6<: QVtlK£l1JtVOU £{Val 1600 
OQIJOVttK6 an6 ravovtotlk~ 6noto, £~vat anapaltq10 va optaftl 010 nap6v tl £vvoeltat 1.1£ 
to •tnlKOlVIVlOK6 l.l~VUIJO l6ltttro6 xapart~pa•. to OUOl,6£<: tlvat 6tl TO Ktlptvo £Vt6<; 
TOU tnlt:OlVIVlaK06 ~H)V6pato<; nptntl VQ OX£t(~ttal 1.1£ Tl<; tnayyEApaurt<; ~ 
npooern t Kt<; 
unoftott<: tou napaA~ntQ <elte •uotKo6 npoo•nou, ~ opyavlOIJ06 ~ ftott<: tvt6<: ev6<; opya­
vto1.106> pt tnapK~ nepto6tK6 xapcut~pa •ou va dvu aa•t<: hi to ul1.1no <t~atpou11hJJ<: 
tQ<; 6te6•uvoq<; Kat r6&£ tl6ou<; npoat•voao<:> ava,tpetat £t6tr6 atov napaA~ntq. 
H 6tafnµton 6t6 rou 1axu6poµelou «atlatatat 6Ao «01 n£ptoo61£po •npoo1nt«n•. Ae6oµtvou, 
6µi<;, 6TL 10 l6to ~ nap£1Jftpt<; IJ~VUIJO anootHhtat rat oe 6Hou<; napaMnH<;, dvat 
oa,t<; 6tt 6tv eµnlntEt otnv n£p{ntwon tr)<: Et6tr~<: avafopa<; ott<: uno~toet<; tou 
napaA~ntr). Oavtt<;, f) tQOf) OUT~ tr)<; npOOiTilKOnO(r)Of)<; tr)<; 6l0.~1JlOQ<; 6ta TOU TOXU6poµt{OU 
ouvenayttat 6u nt&avt<; 6£V enapu{ nHov to napa6oouiK6 rpt T~pto r:atoptoµo6, eh 
6qAa6n TO KE{IJEVO Elvat ~ 6x1 taut601}1JO. 
ta uµoA6yta Kat ta anoonaoµata Klvnon<: Aoyaptaoµh 6taUtouv KdµEvo <tou<; apt&µo6<; 
nou xpriotµonoto6vtat oe d&t ha> nou 6tattPEl an6 avt(ypafo OE avt(ypafo. ruvayttat 
Enoµtvt<; 6tt ouvn&t<; 6tatttOUV t6lillK6 XOPOKt~pa, o6µfiVQ IJE TOV OplOIJ6 DOU 
Xpf)otµonot~~nKE napanavw. fiptnEl nUVti<; Va 01}1J£li3E( 6Tl OE op1oµtva KPQTf) µtAri aut6 TO 
raxu6poµu:6 uAu::6 ~EipEltat w<; htuna rat rnoµtvwc; tv6he1a1 va TUXEl µnaxElptoric; t<; 
µ~ npooTat£u6µevo. 
fta Tr)V EKT{IJr)Of) OXETlKQ µ£ TO KQTQ n600V tva QVTlKE{µEVO tXEl n 6Xt t6liTtK6 
xapaKt~pa, TO Of)(JQVTLK6 KPlT~PlO £{Val TO Kpttnpto TOU nEplEXOµtvou, Kat 6xt TOU µtoou 
napayvync;. Eav tvac; 6ta,f)µlot~c; cntAt(ct va anooTtlAtl ap1fµ6 XElpoypUftV Taxu6poµtr~v 
avTlKEtµtv1.v µE Taut6oqµo Kdµcvo, 6ev µnopouv va ~Etpqfo6v vc l6ttttKou xaput~pa. 
Av11orp6,vc, tva ttµoA6yto nou ntpttxct aptfµ6 AEntoµtpttiv £l6triv yta tov napaAnntn 
talvEtat va txEl 6twttK6 xapaKt~pa, tltE 01 aptfµo( nou n£pttxov1a1 Elvat EKrunwµtvo1 
an6 un0Aoy101n £(TE X£tp6ypa90. 
9.1.3 "ENTYnA" 
Ot npoTdOEl<; yta TO KQVOVLOTlK6 K03EOTQ<; TVV EVtunvv ~a nptn£t va 6ta1uniVOVTQl 
ava,optKd IJE ttc 8aotKt<: apxtc tf)<; napoxnc; rnfoAu:~c; unr)f>Eolac. H np1napx1K61a1n 
EOlTayn nOAlllKnc; £(Val 6tl ta 1axu6pO(JlK6 EOlKOlVVVlOKO IJfJVUµata npoovntrnc; ~ 
t(a1oµtKtuµtvnc; tuonc nptn£t va nEptouAAtyovtat Kat va 6tavtuovtat KaOoAtKic. To 
raxu6poµdo autou tou d6ou<; fa ncpth£l 6Aa ta avHn{µcva HIV ono(wv 10 u:(µEvo 3a 
Taut60f)IJO, Enoµtvvc; Kal 6Aq TQV npoavntrn aAAqAoypa,{a Kat TfJV E(OTO(JlKEU(Jtvq £(.JDOPlKn 
allqloypa,la <Sltne TIJV Rapdypafo 9.1.2 napanavv>. 
npo0Tattuo11hn unriptoth nou fa Kat tEpvfEl yta Tl) 6tao,Utof) HJ<: rnfolu~<: unqpeola<: 
VO Bool~tTOl 0£ OVTlK£(1JEVQ £(0TOIJlKEUIJtVI)<: •60f)<: auto6 TOU tl6ou(. 
to6to to ant1Att£ £1 ttv npo1tp1v 6Ao ta tvtuno ti)( ottp6( ttv nttovAv npootottuoptvtv 
unqpeath. H unqpeola aut~ 6n fa Utu, 8£8al1(, at llv6uvo ·tt( 61)poott6oet(. to 
putplOTlK6 KOttotAc; TlO Tl( 61)pOOl£60tl( (R£Pl06tK6, ttl)11£Pl6£( KGl 8t8Ala> OTO 
ntptoa6ttpa cp6tl) µtAq tlvat 6tt 11 6tavop~ tou( nptntt va ttftl otov pq npootattu6ptvo 
top ta. 
to nttav6 de facto uttadc; ota Alya cphQ µHq nv onoln n taxu6poptK~ vopohola 
Tonohttl uc: 61111oou6ou( autt<: atov npootauu6pno topta, tlvat 6u 11 6tavop~ tou( 
6tv 6t£~6yetat nAtov anocAttottc6 an6 tqv taxu6poptc~ Ynqptola. 
Yn6pxu, en l nHov, q yev tc~ SoUqoq ouv6pop~( otqv noAuttv la tou t6nou. Dhtt(, o l 
pey6Atc; undouc: nou ouxv4 napaupo6na t an6 Tl c: Taxu6pop t de; Ynqptol ec; at 
61111oott60£l<: pnopo6v va 61)ptoupy~oouv tva de facto povonAAto ttv unqptotAv tvavtt ti)( 
6tavo11~<: Kat'olKov 6qpoote6ottv opto11tv1v tl6'v ~ optoptvvv ntptoxAv. EKnt,oEt( auto6 
tou el6ouc: •alvovtat EC np,tqc; 6ttt( 6tt evtox6ouv ti) 6tt6puvon tou K6KAou avayvtot,v. 
Macponp6&toµa, 101600, pnopel va anotapp6vouv allouc: topelc: £Kptt4lleuoqc; va naptxouv 
unqptolec: oe JHO, yta ta ntptoo6tEpa Kphq µHn, µq npootauu6ptvq ayopa. Mnopo6v, 
tnoptv1c;, va txouv otpatQYtK6 neptoptoTtr~ enl6paori otnv euxtpeta tntloy'v ttv EK6ot,v, 
cat tv6txttat np6yµatt va neptoploouv to avayv1ottK6 Kotv6. Iuvotl~ovta<:, ot ecnt,oEl<: 
au106 tou el6ou<: 6xt µ6vo 6ev unoSon•o6v ta otKovoµtr6 tou 6tKt6ou KatoltK~( unqpeola<:, 
all~ µnopo6v tnlori<: va ~Etatpttouv pta µn npootatEu6µevq unf)p£ola oe ottvtl µovonAlto, 
µe ev6exoµtv1c ~nµtoy6va anoteltopata yta 6louc:. 
Iuyrptv6µevn µe tt<: 6qµootE6ottC, fl Otori ttv n1l~oe1v 6ta tou 1axu6poµelou oxettr6 µe 
ta ot Kovoµua tou 6t n6ou uOolu~c unr)ptola<: Oa 1rnopo60£ va El vat apKEt6 6tafOPEll r~. 
Ot n~A~oetc/6tatri11l0Et<: 6ta Tou taxu6poµelou npootlK6ouv ouxvd tKnteoetc ev16n1v -nol6 
xaµnA6tepou 6µ1c enlnt6ou an6 au1tc twv 6qµoote6oe1v. ruvtoTo6v To 18,St rat'EKtlµnon 
Tou ouv6Aou tou eyxvplou taxu6poµt(ou twv Taxu6poµtK8v Ynqpeotev tnc Kotv61n1a<;. Edv n 
1ono6t1nori aut~C TO<: Katnyoplac 1axu6poµtlou 01ov µn npootatEu6pevo toµta enp6KEtto va 
nporaHott trJV anHtta onµavttKo6 noooo106 an6 to 6louo rn&oAtK~<: unripEola<:, &a 
µnopo6o£ va Hon or dv6vvo ta otKovoµud tou 6to6ou mt enlonc Tov KEvtptr6 016xo 
t~<: enltEU~rJ<: npootT~C lllJ~C f\Q Tf)V KO&OAlK~ unqpeo(a. 
~~~l~q_it~------------------------------------------------~~1q!qt~-~-~-~Et1q~n_1!!_[t!q~i~-!~~l!! 
Iuvo• l ~ovta<;, un6pxouv toxup6 En l XElp{)pota untp trl<: hta(ri<: av 6 l Off)JJ lOtttv 6 t d mu 
taxu6pout l ou otov '1fl npootattu6p£Vo top ta. Oot6oo, nptnt l va avayvttptoh l 6t l h 
pnopo6oav va undp(ouv 6uocoUtt. Rphov, o au(av6ptva npoottnonotriptvo<: xapan{)pa trJ<: 
6 taf{)p tort<: 6 ui tou taxu6po1u: (ou npouh { 6Ao u L peyoA6ttpt( 6uoxtpEl t<: otrtv 6 uhp LOil 
trt<: 6tat{)11toq<; 6ta tou taxu6popt(ou an6 tl<; ouv{)ltl<; tntotoAt<; .. At6ttpov, Q 6taf{)ptoq 
6t6 tou taxu6popelou 6qptoupyel oqpavttr6 rat taxttt<: au(av6pevo noooot6 tou ouvoAtro6 
r6rAou epyaot•v ttv Taxu6poptx6v Ynqpeottv cat rt otcovoptc{) t~<: oqpaola yta tQv 
unoxpt1aq napox~( ra•oltr~( unqpeala( nptnet va avalutel l£ntopep6(. 
Ta ftpna aut6 nptntl va avaA11ttoh •ott va a( toAoyqtt l cat6 n6oov ta npo8Mpata nou 
onptt6tqcav napan6vtt -putptottc6 {) otcovoptr6 -np6c£ttat np6yputt va npor6touv otqv 
np6(q. Yn6 to t•( tq<; avUuaq<; aut{)( q En upon{). pt ti)" Bo{) tu a Kpath 11£Ah. h 
XPElGOftl va npottlVtl El6tr6 pttpa, napa6t(ypatO( x6pq avatOPlld PE tOU( Kat6AAQAOU( 
µqxavtoµo6<; eAtyxou Yta va anotpanel q ep96vtoq tou ouv{)tou<; 1axu6poptlou t( 6tat{)11toq( 
6t6 tou taxu6poptlou. Entnltov, t6v tva Kp6to<; ptl~avqoux{)otl 6tt tva pttpo auto6 tou 
€(6ouc ta pnopo6ot va ttotl at rlv6uvo tqv rafoAtr{) tou unqptola, pnoptl va entttAqftl 
an6 t(a{ptoq £fappoy{)( cotvottr{)( vopoteola( 010 8af116 nou naptxEtat an6 to 6.ptpo 98.2. 
9.1.4 MIKPA RAKETA/A£MATA 
ME TO 6tpaTa. T{~£Tat tva 6tatOP£ttK6 np68Aqpa. I6pftVa p£ noAAo6~ optopo6( Ol £0lOTOAt~ 
un6 tnv £Uputdto tvvota tfdvouv ttt<; ta 2 kg. To nµlKP6 narttoft £1Jn{nt£l OTG 6pta auTo6 
tOU OPL0~06 tntotoA{)~. 
nota tlval o 6thptoo µeta~6 tv6( 11upo6 nadtou rat tv6c 6ha1oc ; <Itqv npa~o o 
6thpto~ 6tv ylvttat avatopua p£ pufptotua tpt t{)pta, aH6. tp(v£tat 1.16.Uov an6 tov 
l6to tov ntA6to tat ouv~t•<: 8aol~etat otqv tlµ~.> 
ea tnptn£ va ttapp6~ttat to rptt~pto ttv ntpttxo1.1tvtv : tdv tva nattto ntpttxtt µaAAov 
£µnop£6µata nap6 tva tntrotvtvtar6 p{)vuµa, 3a nptntl va avttp£ttnl~Etat t<: 110 
npootattu6ptvo, 6nw<; arpt8'<: tva 6tpa <tn£t6~ o n£A6.tq~ 6taltt£l tfJV £ntloy~ tou tp6nou 
anootoA~<: rou>. H 6t4Kpton aut{) Oa nptntt va £Vtox6ttat IJE tn xp~oq £V6<: oplou Bapouc. 
<npaypatt, £h t£0El xapqAQ to 6pto Sdpou<: ta ntptopt~6tav n oqµaola rou nap6vto<: 
npoBA~IJQTO<;.) 
9.2 TAXYAPOKICA PEYMATA XANHAHI IAXYIHTAI 
Anltttltat ula 6tturplvtori avatoptcd pt to tl Oa µnopo6ot va OU1JntptAf)t0£l otlC 
npoot'lH1J6µEVE<: unqptol£<:. Atv ntpthouv p6vo ta ouv{)Oq pt6pata utqA6tEPfJ<: tax6tqta<; 
<LC ot optoµtva rparq µtAq, npitfl<: rAdoqc OE 6AAa>, aAAa tnloo<: tat p£6µata nou tlvat 
Bpa66ttpa. 
Klt~!ql~-~-~-~Et1qqrr_1!~_R1tq~!Y_!iqt!Y ________________________________________________ q~!l~q_lt~ 
Ia TEAEutala nEplAaiJBhouv tvtuna KOL EnLotoH<; 6£6UPl'JC: KAdoric: <av6Aoya lJE to nolt<: 
x'PEC naptxouv 6l6KplOl'J LC/Aolnd avtLKElµEva K«L nolt<; 6lOKplOrJ OE np,tq/6E6ttpr) 
KA6ori >, 6n11<; En (oqc; Kat axu6poµnou c: IJE hnuoq < unripto {a Yl a OiJ«6 l Kt<: anootoUc: µE 
peyaA6tEPE<: XPOVlKt<: npoJEoplE<: 6tavopnc:> KQl jJEtaxpovoAoyqptVQ<: EKttAEOf)<;. 
'Ola ta napan6v1 p£6pata tlvat eoK£1J1Jtva xapql6t£PQC tax61q1ac IJE yv~o1onolqptva 
8pa66npa nphuna. To ~~tr11u1 111c u1nc; ul6ooqc 1c npoc unqpiotad np6tuna £l vu, 
OUVEn,c, £VtEA6c GV£~6ptf)t0 Kat E{£t6~£1Gl napaK611 OTQV Dap6ypafO 14.3.) 
9.3 HAElTPOIIlH EDilOIIOIIA 
EntKotv1vtaK6 pqv6pata nou npaypatonolo6vtal µe qAeKtpovtK6 µtoa SploKovtat £Kt6c; tou 
topta t1v 1axu6po1J£l1v. 'Onou ouv6tovTat pe r6nota iJOPtn unQptolac nou naptxeTal an6 
1axu6pop uo6c; foptlc upn6Utuoqc;, ta £n uo t VIV tad aUt6 pqv6µata uAo6nat ouxvd 
qAEKTPOVlK6 1axu6pOj.1£{0. 
Mla unQptola auTo6 tou el6ouc; naptxet 6teuroA6vott<: oTo KOlv6 yta tf)V anoo10A~ 
IHJVUIJhn an6 ououu~ TqAEoiJOlOTunlac; nou naphttat an6 fopta HIJETIHAnori<:, uUc; 
Kat y la TO tqhavt l ypafo nou fa nEp t ouUHu an6 111v avt loto t Xll tl)lEOIJO t onn LK~ 
iJQxav~ o napaAnn111c yta tov onolo npoopl~tTat 10 p~vuµa. to EYXElPf)IJa au16 6Ev EiJnAtKEt 
unr)ptola 1axu6p6poo11c Kat fa nptnet oaf'<: va fEtpr)f£( pq npootaTeu6µEvo. 
K (a llUri µopt~ 11Au1povuco6 1axu6poµd ou ouv6ud~E t To qAE npov u6 1axu6popd o IJE tt <: 
unqp£O(E<; TQXU6p6µqoq~. To O~VOfE~ qA£ltpOVtl6 TQXU6popElO (µEt66ooq tf)AEOµOlOtun{a~ n 
tl'}AtKt6nwoo µEµoveµtvvv ~ µovuµ611v otlptic;> E(vat µn npootattu6µEvo. Eav, 101600, to 
tun1µtvo avtlypafo nptntl otl'} ouvtxtla va 6tavtµOfEl OE tpltouc we; 6taKpLt~ 6ta6lKaola 
6t«voµnc, µnopd va unOOH)PlXh( 6tt TO t6tal1£po aut6 OTOLXdO OUVlOTQ unf)pEola 
6tavoµnc tntotoA•v. to otoLxtlo 6tavoµ~c EntotoA•v µnoptl tnoµtvwc; va &tvptltaL 
npootau:u6utvo Cun6 HJV npounMtori 6TL t:a>.6nTEt to o6voAo uv Aotnh q>t 1opln na 
tvTG(I'} OlOV npootatEu6µEVO toµta>, EV~ I'} f)lEKTPOVlK~ µ£166000 napaµtVEl OTOV JJI) 
npoo1attu6µtvo toµta. 
9.4 DPOETOI"AtIA TAXYAPOMEIOY 
OptoµtvE<: Taxu6poµutc YnqpEolt<: xpooqionoto6v "unriptolE<: ouydvtpwoo<: r:at npoUoooc: 
taxu6poµdou" na µtooAUriori µoaH tou apxLrnu anootoAta mt auth. Ot unriptoltc 
ouyKtv1pworic Kat npo,&qoqc 1axu6poµtlou Evtpyouv Katd Kupto A6yo we unqptoltc 
npottotµaolac 1axu6poµtlou, npooftpouv 6µvc; tnlooc; Kat 6AAE<: 6lEUKoAuvotl<;, 6nvc: napoxn 
n(OHIOl'}C. 
Ot unriptol EC ouydvtpct<HJ<: ra l npoUf)oric taxu6poµt lou At l toupyo6v at ouv&nu:c: 
avtaywvtoµou JJEta~6 touc, nap6Aov 61l 6ta&ttouv optoµtva EL6LK6 6tr::aL•t.1ata 6t6outvou 
6tl E(VQl anapa(tf)TO YL'au1tc E(tc VQ txouv A68£l Tf)V ty~plOf) TOU KQVOVlOll(OU opy6vou 
n va txouv ouvd•tl 0UlJ86AOlO JJ€ Tf)V Taxu6pOJJlKn Ynnpco(a. Ot 6paOtl')pL6tl'}T€C TfilV 
unqpEOlVV ouyKtvtpioq<; Kal npoQfqoq<; taxu6poµElou npo106 6vti\ napa6ofE{ to taxu6poµLK6 
uAti6 otqv Taxu6poµtl~ Ynqp£ola 6Ev Kaftoto6v to 1axu6poµtK6 uAtK6 µq npootat£u6µ£vo. 
Eqµ£Ltttov, 101600, 6tt Ol Iaxu6poµtKt<; YnqpEolE\ Enttptnouv 6paotqpl6tqt£\ au106 tou 
d6ouc £n l oup86ou, Y£YOV6<; nou ouvEndyttat tl)V ano6ox~ . touc 6tL I) taxu6popu:~ 
Au toupy{a 6£v anotdt{ a6uhon11 6u16u:ao(a, q onola 6£v 11nop£l va fupqtt( rat4 ta 
ouotattr4 ti)<; ptpq. 
OL 6paotl)pt6tl)t£\ auto6 tou tl6ouc 11v •µ£oa~6v11v• µnopo6v va npooftoouv tutAt~la yta 
tov n£A4tl) nou npaypatonot£l tl)V taxu6p6µqoq. Mnopo6v tnloq<; va ntptoploouv Tl\ 6andv£<; 
twv Taxu6poµlr'v YnQp£at,v, £~otrov6pqoq 11 onola µnoptl va avt1ratotontptat£l at 
£KntiO£l\ npo\ 6ttXo~ 1600 tOU GPXlK06 ntAdtl) 600 KQl tOU µ£od~OVtO\. 
Ot µ£oa~ovt£<; 6£v avatoynl~ovtat µE tt<; 660 6paotl)pt6tl)t£\ utnUv nayln 6anavh av 
Taxu6poµ uch Ynqpto th £ l t£ tt <; ntp t ouHoyt<; an6 6qµ6o ta YPGlJlJatOU Sh la ra l 
fup(6£\ taxu6poptr•v ratao111pa11v ~ tl\ 6tavoµt<;. Ot A£ttoupy{£<; tOU\ tlvat tnoµtv1\ 
· ouµSatt<; µ£ to ot6xn 6tat~p1JOIJ\ tf)\ KafoAtK~\ unqpeola<;. 
AEV unapXEl A6yo<; r) 6l£UKOAuVOJ) aut~ va µqv £{vat npoolt~ OE 6Aouc tOU\ XP~OH\, 
enoµtvi<; 6A£\ 01 raxuopoµtrtc Ynnpeo(E<; o,e{Aouv va 6ta~toouv 6tturoA6vo£t\ en( 
ouµSQOEl OE 6Aou<; tOU\ fOpd<; HµetdHEUOf)\ avto6 tou tl6ou<;. Ev6t£l ti)<; OlJOlOtl)TQ\ 
µeta(6 av AEl toupyth av 6taf6pwv Tax.u6poµu:h Ynf)pEoth <Kat rnoµtnc: tl<; 
E(Otlovoµ~o£t<; 6anavtv nou µnopoOv va entttpouv ot µto6~ov1E<;)1 talvEt«l nae: u•lotatat 
nt6lo 6p6of}<: yta TIJV Ka~ttpvof} µiac: sA6x.toTrJ<: r:otvoHin<: OEtp6c; 6tEuroA6vouv ml 
ouµSaoet nou nptntt va Ka1aoto6v npoot1tc;. <BA. tQv napoypafo 17 napaKilti). 
nptnEt va tovto"tl 6tt ot taxu6poµLd<; 6tEpyao(E\ nou 6tt~hovtat an6 auto6 tou d6ouc: 
lOU\ £V6t6µ£oou<; fOPd<; HIJEtOHtUQfl\ QOOHAOUV Tl\ TIEptoo6HPE\ fOptc; unorntllotata 
av d Ao y fil v 6 u: p ya o th no u 6 t £~a yo v tat an 6 Tax u 6 po IJ t d <: Y n n p E o ( e \ . 11 t v n p oo Ht o u v a ( la 
KQlQ Of)!l0Vtll6 tp6no an6 KQVOVtOllK~ OKOntQ. Ot UTifJpEO(E\ npOETOlµao(a<; 1axu6poµdou 
6tv OUVlOTOUV, EROlJtVi<;, "vt£<: unqptolt<:", 6nwv TIEPlYPil,flKE OlflV napilypafO 7 napanllvw. 
EQv TO 1axu6poµt(o nou 6tEKntpatiaf)KE an6 auto~<: lOUC EV6l01JEOOUC fOPEl<: EKJ.IE1ilAA£UOf)<: 
av1an0Kptv6tav ota rptt~pta yta TfJV tv1a~n tou\ 01ov npootattu6µtvo 1oµta, &a naptµtvE 
npootat£u6µEVo un6 HJV tvvota 6n, oOµ,wva I.IE nc: 6tEpyaolE\ nou txouv avaAf)f&d an6 
Tov EV6tllµeoo, 10 taxu6poµtlo ~c tnptnE va 1axu6poµq&El otqv Taxu6poµlKO Ynqptola yta 
6not£<: unoAttn6µevt<; taxu6poµtKt<: . 6ttpyaolE<: (ouµntptAaµSavoµtvqc; Tf)<: tEAtKO<: 
6tovoµ~c;). Ta avnu:(µeva aut6 6£v "a J,1nopo6oav, rnoµtvtt<, va 1JETa,Epfo6v EKt6<: trJ<: 
x'pac; an6 tpl1ov fopta o:µt1U.Atuoric: yta va rnxu6poµf)~o6v nlow µc TfJ µoptO ouo1oµa10<; 
avatax.u6p6µf)Of)<; A-B-A (6AtnE 1riv napdypa,o 8.3 napanllvw>. 
11. HPOTEllOftEIA lPITHPIA 
'Onie: 6ql,fQK£ napan6v1 <otqv Dap6ypafo 4), optoptva avttK£lp£va 6~v pnopo6v va t£fo6v 01ov 
npootauu6pno top ta. I' aut6 uptAa118honat 6tpata u l 6qpoat £6ouc: pqaUupou Upouc:, 
Kat£n£lyovta taxu6poptc6 avttK£lpeva cat 6Ao to 1111 6teufuvato6011111tvo 1axu6popelo. Optoptva 
anuelpna yu ta onola ta utlotato ev6exoph1c: analtriari utoAtK~C: unripeolac: nloqc: 6£v 
pnopo6v va uuuyoh otov npootneu6pno toph -napa6el ypnoc: x6pri, 6tpna µuphepou 
86pouc: Kat 6qpoote6oetc:. 
o 6uv6p£l npootat£u611evoc: toptac: neptopl~etat enoµtv1c: ota 1axu6poptK6 avttK£lpeva atoptK~C: 
entKotv1vlac: <SAtne Dap6ypafo 9.1.>. Ta napan6v1 neptlapSdvouv entotoAtc: Kat 6eA16pta. fta 
tov anoduop6 11v e1.rnopeu11hn u l uv 6r11.1ootE6ouv an6 tov npoo10T£ u6pevo 1opta el vat 
anapa(tl)tO va £fGPIJOOt£l np•ta to KPlT~PlO R£Pl£XOPtVIV. 
'Enetta an6 tov avayv,ptori cat6 el6oc: t1v 1axu6poptc•v av1tK£tptv1v npoo1ntco6 ~ 
£(a1optK£uptvou xapaKT~pa, to n£6lo £fappoy~c: tou npoo1a1£u6pevou topta ota avttK£(p£va autd 
nptnet va ratoptoTEl PE xp~oq 6AA1v KPltrJp(1v. <H anot£Aeopatt~61ri1a ttv dAA1v KPltr)pl1v nou 
nptne l va XPrJO l po no lr)fo6v £~£td~£tat Aentoµep•c: 010 Oapdptr)pa 16). Iuvot nonac:, p6vo Ta 
~pttpta tou Sdpouc: Kat trJC: tlll~C: fa Aettoupy~oouv anoteAeopattcd yta va catoptotEl not6 an6 
ta avtLK£lp£va npoo1ntK~C: entcotv1vlac: nptnEt va elvat npoo1a1eu6pEvo. Opdypatt, nptnEl va 
Efappooto6v ouv6uaoptva, pE Kdnota o6v6£0rJ µeta~6 tou oplou Sdpouc: <10 onolo nptnet va elvat 
tva evtalo av•1a10 6pto £fappo~6µevo oe 6Ari tQV Kotv6101a> cat tou oplou tlP~C: <to onolo &a 
Katop{~ttal (£XIPlOt6 OE Kdf£ x'pa OVGfOPtKd PE 10 tlpoA6yto OTO 6pto Sdpo\). 
H £fappoy~ npha tou KPl tqp{ou neptexoptv1v mt tn£L ta av cpt TQp(iv TllJOC: Kal Sdpouc: 
napouotd~Etat 6taypaµpattrd 010 Ixt6to 1 napacd11. napouotd~ovtat tpttC: ratqyopltc: 
ap ( tµooric:, Sao t optvE\ 010 ratd n6oov undpxE t ~ 6x l unoxphoq napoxnc: ra&oA u:nc: unqpEo ( ac:. 
'Onw< oqpetatQK£ otqv napdypato 9.1.3 napandvi, o tvta~o tQC: 6t£u&uvoto601qµtvric: 6tat~PlOQC: 
6t6 tou taxu6popdou olov PO npootauu6ptvo topta fa avttµ£nntoT£l EK uv npottpn. Ta 
Hµata nptn£ t va avaAuto6v 'OH va Httµqtd Kalli n6oo TO µhpo aut6 6ev ta anoT£Ho£t 
OOEtAn yta TQV KO~OAlK~ unf)p£o(a, £(T£ IJE tf)V E(aoatvtOQ TQC: OlKOVOµlKOC: TQC: StiOtµ6Tf)TOC:, 
d T£ µto'1 TfJC: nt&av~c: rathprioqc; £V6C: 1hotou phpou EAEuHpworic: OTfJV nep(nuoo anouolac: 
r.otdHqAiv pu&ptottdv .:av6vtv. Ynothovta\ 6tt 3a Ent8£8auttd to r:oatot'c: Tfl<; 
6t£UfuVOl060Tf)IJhf)( 6tOt01JlOf)<; ttC: I.It) npootat£u6pEVO, to unaxad OTQ 6£6T£pf) 0£tp6 TOU 
ox~µatoc;. 
nptnet va OfJIJEttftl 6tL oron6c: tou oplou tllJ~\ 6Ev Elvat va E(aotaAto!E( anA'c: ri Tonoat1oori 
UV UTif)PEOlh KOT£0£ly6vnv OtOV JJQ npootaT£U6lJ£VO TOµta. AuT6 &a onµatV£ ft,pf)Or) lf)\ 
IJEUOVttKn<; ayop6\ anU<; KOl 1J6VO OtOUC: xQpOUC: UV npot6vav nou £lvaL onµEpa 6taHotpa. 
Av1(!£Ta, 0Kon£6t1at µ6AAov va 1£&£{ To 6pto 1t11nc: OE enlnt6o enaprtc: yta va neptA6Btt µ6vov 
6otc: unripeclE<; nptnEt va 16xouv npootaolac:. 
rxnµa 1: Oploµ6~ 10U npootattu6µEVOU toµta -£fapµoyn KPltijplwv nEPlEXOµtvvv, Bapou~ KQl Tl­
\.1~~. 
ll80AllH ADAITHIH 
RPOEODilH/EEATOKIKEYKEIH 
EIUOIIQIIA 
lAGOAilH ADAIIHIH 
EBDOPEYIAIA/EltYDA 
XOPIE lAOOAilH ADAITHIH Kpttnpta 
B4pouc:/1q1~<: 
~~~~~~:~::~~~~~~~::::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::~:::~~~~~ 
lAIEREirONTA TAXYAPOKIKA ANTIKEIMENA 
BAPYIEPA AEMATA .KAI ENTYRA 
MH AIEY8YNIIOAOTHMENO TAXYAPOMIKO YAIKO illl 
-~----IAXXAf~ftllA_AKil!tlft&NA_AKIAAAA[H~-&[[fAt~H _______ _ 
c:::J Rpocnau:u6pevo -MQ npootattu611no 
[Qt'GUtOV tOV tp6no CAAE<: unqptO(E<: DOU pnopE( VG Uf(OtGVtQl aK6µa DOU 6µ&<: fa lllJOAoyo6vtav 
otq µEoa la Uvq < nhw an6 tu: u 11tc: tQ<: •Saon~c:" unqpto lac:, GAU da ano H<: u µtc: nou 
ouv6tovtal IJE ta KGtEntlyovta> fa 1onoft106vtav ava11tlB0Aa otov µq npootattu6µtvo 1oµta. To 
YEYOVO<: aut6 fa KOflOT060E TQ •toq touc: DEPlOOOTEPO OOf~ an6 IJ{a ou~~TQOQ OXETlKQ IJE to KOTQ 
n6oov ot unqptolt<: autt<: tlvat ~ 6xt •oqµavttra• 6tafopEttrtc: <BAtnE Ilapaypa90 7 napanavM>. 
Kata 6taypa1111attr6 tp6no, Q npootyytoQ npoc: to KPlt~pto tQC: tt11n<: 6tv nptntt va ylvttat •an6 
Endvt npoc: ta KGti" (an6 TQ OKOOlG iiV KQ1ETIEty6vt~V taxu6pOIJlKQV avttKELµtvvv>, aAAa "an6 
rat~ npoc: ta Enavv" <an6 tQ oronta tev Saotciv EntotoAiv>. 
O t npotao£ t <: nou Er.TU!') cav £68 d va L uaHov 1JE<JOnp6hoµou xapu t ~pa. Hat:ponp6hoµa Elva l 
ntfav~ ntpat1tpv anEAEu~tp1on tou toµta. Bpaxunp6fto11a, nptnEt va avaAriffE( £pyao(a yla triv 
En{ttu(q lOU 1JEOOnp6&Eoµou ot6xou TQC Kafttpionc: OE lOlVOTlK6 En(nE60 IJLOC 0£lpdc 
npootatEUOIJtViV URQPEOl,V. 
Katie avant600ETQl fJ £TIE(£pyaola liV µEoonp6ftoµvv KQl µacponp6fEOIJWV KOlVOtlK'V npoTdOEWV, 
Ol KOLVOtlKO( KOV6VEC avtayntoµo6, Saotoµhot OtlC apxtc lfJC £AE60Epr)C napox{}~ unr)ptoth 
rat tou avrayivtoµo6 x~ptc: napaµ6pfton, Oa ouvtxloouv va tfapµ6~ovtat ot 6Aq tqv tKtaori 
Ott<: Unr)pEO(EC IJE TfJ IJOpfq DOU naptXOVTOl onµEpa. 'Ont( Or)IJEl,0r)K£ OTr)V napdypafO 4 
napanhw, «:UE cpchoc: µHoc: dvat unoxptvµtvo va ava~Qt{}OEL triv tAhtoTa ntptoptottr:.{} 
KatdAAqAq A6ori yta TOY toµta 1axu6poµEliv TOU, KQl t06To Ev6txEtQl va OUVEnayEtQl 
npootattu6utvo toµta µtr:.p61tpou t6pouc an6 aut6v nou txtt KaOoptottl an6 ta r:.otvottK6 6pta. 
<An6 lfJV dAAri nAcupd, Edv tva Kp61oc µtAoc: fEvp{}oEl 6tl r) Efapuor~ TWV ICOlVOllK~V oplwv Oa 
UttE oc rlv6uvo TQV rafoAuq unqptola 01riv rnu:phttd tou, Oa µnopo6oE va tntttEAqOEl an6 
tt6lK~ E(alptori Efapuoy{}c tfJC rotvotu{}c: voµoOtolac OTO 8afu6 nou npo8Hnnat an6 10 6pOpo 
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1.1£Y£Uv 1ou 6 l n 6ou ufoA l K~<: ~nqpeo la<: y la 1ov Ka fop lop6 av £,ap1.1oothv up l Bh op l IV 
Kata TQ XGPO~Q TOU Op00101£U01J£VOU TOIJ{a. 
11.1 MEEOOP08EERA 
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avtt K£ q1h1v nou nep t houv e11nope61101a. Itq ouvhua nptne l va xpqo t11ono L Qf£ l ha 
KPLt~pLo 84pou<: ae ouv6uao116 11e tva cpLt~pto tlll~<:- To 6pLo 86pou<: nptn£L va LOX6£L oe 
6Aq tqv tctaon tQ<: K0Lv61qta(. Ta cavovLOtLK4 6pyava ota ent1.1tpou<: cp61q 11tAq fttouv ta 
6pLa 1t1.16v. IE cat£ nepln11oq! q tlll~ 6£v nptn£L va unep8alv£l 10 avtltLIJO 1ou 6q11oolou 
tL1.10Aoylou ouv~fou<: entotoA~<: <6qAa6~ LC ~ np6tQ<: 1A600<:> 1ou £160101£ oplou 86pou<:. 
11.2 BPAXYIPOIEIKA 
Bpaxunp6feo1.1a, ev6txe1at va anattqfel 1.1£ta8attK~ neplo6o<: yta·tqv enlt£u~q tou 016xou 
nou nepLypa,qce napan6v1. Itq ouvtxeta neptyp6tovtal 6paotqpL6tQt£<: nou 
ev6exo1.1h1<; d vat anapa l tQH( avatop L d 1.1£ tQ 6 LaT6n1oq Ka l tqv £tOPIJOY~ co L vot uch 
opl~v 84pou<; KOL tL1.16v : 
18.2.1 OPIO BAPOYI 
To 10LvotLK6 6pLo Sdpou<: fa SploK£taL cata naoa BeBaL6tn1a c6t1 an6 ta tox6ov1a 
1.1ovontA LOKd 6p ta Sdpou<: op Lo1.1tv1v cpath 1.1£Ah. H £tappoy~ op l ou Upou<; auto6 Tou 
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Ol £V£X6P£Y£<; 6lOlK~O£l( va npo8o6v 0£ npooappoyt( (L6lOlttp1<; OTQ lllJOA6yla YlO 
1axu6popLKG OVTlK£l1J£Va, 
61.11<: ta £~tAfouv an6 
npoo1aT£u61.1£vo 101.1ta. Ta onola npo<; to nap6v epnlntouv oTa 6pLa tou povon1Alou, nou 
TQ KO l VOTl d 6p la KO l £noptv1<; ta KatOTayo6v OtOY IJQ 
To ytyov6<; au16 £v6txetat va pqv anot£Atoet oo8ap6 np68Aqpa 01qv npa~q. Ta nepL0061epa 
an6 autd la avH K£ l1.1tva -nu ha 1.1eyaA6Hpou Sdpou<; -1.1nopo6v 1•pa va otaAo6v t<; 
6tl.lata. I10 Batii6 6nou o n£Ahq<; 6taftt£l 1nv £ntAoy~ tou 1p6nou anoo10M<: Ttv 
OVllK£l1Jtv1v au16v, £Up(OKOVTOl ~6Q £Kt6<; TOU povon1Alou. !0610 uno6£lKY6£l £nloq<; 61t 
10 6pto Bdpou<; na tov npoouuu6p£vo to1.1ta nptnet, ou66v BtBala, va dvat Kathtpo 
UV 588 g. 
18.2.2 OPIO TIMHI 
To 6pto HI.I~<: nou uno6tu:v6£tat an6 10 too66vapo HI.I~<; lOU op(ou 86pou<; tv6httat va 
OUVlOtd OQIJOVTlK~ p£llOQ TIV lOXUOVTIV oplwv TllJ,V. !0610, fUOtKd, avattpttOl p6vo Otl<; 
xipe<; ot onole<; ~6Q 6la&t1ouv 6pta auto6 tou el6ou<; : Q nAELotntla 11v 1pa1•v ptAiv 
~t!i~~-2lt ________________________________________________ ~~t~!~i~-~-~-~~t1~~ll_l!!_[i!~!l!_A~~~!! 
£nl1ptnouv 1nv 6nap(n av1ay1vlOllK'v unnp£ol'V ayyEAtot6p1v/KatEnEty6v11v, x1plc 6µ1c 
nOOOllK6 npoo6lOPlO!l6 llV unqp£Ol'V aut,V. 
Mnoptl £noµtv•c va £lvat 66oKoAq q 6µeoq £toay1y~ auto6 tou oplou tlµ~c. Ito 
µtoo6t6otqµa to 6plo tlP~C ta µnopo6o£ va ttt£l Kata µtytoto, napa6elyµa1oc xapn, 1,5 ~ 
Kat 660 foptc tou loo66vaµou tLP~c tou oplou 86pouc. 'Etot txouµ£ yta napd6tlYJJ«, £6v 
To KOlVOtlK6 6plo Sdpouc ~tav x ypaµµ6pla Kal q tlµ~ TIJC tntotoA~c oTo 86poc aut6 ~tav 
• ECU, TO ICGtttAL tlP~C YlG JJI) npootat£u6p£VEC unqpeoltc rat6 ti) 6t6pK£ta tOU 
JJ£006lOOt~µatoc ta opL~6tav tic 1,5. ECU ~ 2t ECU. 
Mateponp6ttoµa, Q np6o6oc npoc tqv Katt6tuvoq tQC voµtoµattK~C tv1onc µnop£l va 
KlltaOt~OeL 6uvat6 TOY Katoptoµ6 kOlV06 oplou TlJJ~C 0£· ECU. 
11.3 RAlPOIPOIEIRA 
MaKponp6teoµa, avaµtvttat 6tt ta Kp6tQ µtAQ ta nttpaµattoto6v ttodyovtac ot µ£yaA6ttpQ 
tKtaoq tov av1ay1vtoµ6, µt ot6xo ti) Batµtala µ£(100 tou t6pouc t•v 
npootattuoµhn unqpeo L h. Mn6 an6 µtp L d hi) I) Kol v6tl)ta nptnt l va EKH µ~ot t to 
too~6yto pnaU tn anal t~ouv yta teatoAu:~ unqpeola K«L TQC avdytenc 6tt6puvonc tou 
toµta TIV taxu6poµtl1v ot tup6ttpo av1ay1vloµ6. H tKtlµqoq aut~ ta anattQttl un6 to t•c 
• 11v tnepxoµtv1v £~tAl~t1v otqv ayop6 ~ tlC unqpeoltc. 
11. IYKBAIOIHIA IHI IAXYAPOMllHI IOM08EIIAI ME TII KOIIOIIlEI IYl8HlEI KAI ROAITIKEI 
H taxu6poµ lK~ voµoteo la 6A1v av tepath µdh Ka l I) KO l vott K~ no Al 'tl K~ otov toµta av 
1oxu6poµdn nptnet va dvat anoAh•c ouµSntc µe TQ i:uvt~KIJ tnc P'µnc. 'Onou au16 6Ev 
ouvOa t Vt ut6 to napeH6v, I) En l tpon~ tupo6oe anapa l tQtl) tn A~tn Kat6Hnhv µbpn, 
l6tatttp1c avatopt1C6 µe tlC unqpeolec rattnety6vt1v. 
Oot6oo, ntpav trJC etvu~~c taxu6poµu:~c voµottolac, ta Kphq µHq txouv ava>.UtL KOL 6Htc 
unoxpdat t ~ an6 ouµBdott c ott~ ono lee txouv npoaup~oe l. E t6 u:6upa, 6Aa ta rphr) µHr) 
txouv npoounoypdttl ti) I6µSaoq ti)~ RTE Kata tl)V npoox6pqo~ touc •c µt>.n ata Hv1µtva 'E!vn. H 
1:6µ8aon ~nc HIE npoqyEltat Kata noA6 xpovtte6 tnc Iuvt~Knc 1nc P'11nc ~ 1nc fEvtKnc ruut•vlac 
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10 6pfpo 234 1nc IuvanKnc tnc P&unc. 
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q xp~aq TOU dpfpou 25 (Katd TQV ap(fµqoq TOU OUVE6p(ou TQC DTE TOU 1989). H xp~oq TOU dptpou 
25 eycplvnu p6vo dv aut6 ou1.18alvet npoc; 6ttAoc; t1v unqptoth tou npootattu61.1nou 1011ta 
lOU Kp4touc; ptAouc;, tOU onolou TO KGVOVlOTlK6 6pyavo EfGp1J6~tl tlc; KUp60tlc;. 
<Ahnat 6u to 6p•po 25 xpqotponoultal Yta va tntttuxttl q opf~ ano~q1.1l1oq yta tqv 
unqptala 6tavop~c;. To6to, 1at600, 6tv talvttal opt6 yta 660 A6youc;. £v npttotc;, to dptpo 25 
npoqye l tat ut6 noA6 av utaAr11cn dv ttUv otouc; icav6vtc; tqc; nTE. Katd h 6ttpo Aho, to 
4ptpo 25 hu oap11oatd utd to naptU6v, u61.1a Kat 6tav q ano~qp(taq nou 6hnat q 
unqpeola 6uvo1.1~c; fa naptpeu q l6ta, avtUptqta an6 to th to 1axu6po1.1elo npoepx6tav 
aneutelac; 1n6 tqv unqpeola aut~ tQc; xtpac; npotAt6ot1c; ~ s1.111to1c;, 11to1 dAAqc; unqpeolac;.> 
oc; npoc; touc; icavhec; tou avtaytv to1.106, tuptl tat ho no yta 11 la taxu6po11 t K~ Ynqpeo la va 
entotpttu taxu6popu:6 uALr6 nou hu taxu6poµqtt l an6 t6t1u r6 fop ta u1.1nUAtuaqc;, o 
onoloc; avtay1vl~etat dAAq Taxu6poptK~ Ynqpeola, avt~dptqta an6 to av napa8td~ovtat ~ 6xt ta 
anoducnud 6uat61.lata tou tdeutalou. Eh napaStd~ovtu ta anodttottd 6lKGLhata tqc; 
£~£px6pevqc; unqpeolac; tvan6Ktttal OTO KQVOVlOTtK6 6pyavo TQ~ x•Pa< GUT~< VG aval48tl VOIJlK4 
~tTpa -. 6xt va ava~qt~otl ouv6po1.1~ dAAQ< unqptolac; Tqc; onolac; 6tv napa8t4~ovtat ta 
anoicltlOTlKd 6lKQt6paTa. H XP~OI) TOU 6ptpou 25.4 <nou avattpttat Otf)Y QVQTGXU6p6µqoq A-B-A> 
fs1peltat tnoµtv1c; oat•~ dtonq. 
Qp6ttoq tou 6ptpou 25. 1 tl vat q npoono la tou v611t11ou EYXIP lou 11ovon1Alou t1v uph µ£Ah. 
Oot6oo, ·~ npo~ trl ouJJSat6trita J.1£ TfJV KotvottK~ noAlTu~ Kat voµohola, undpxouv tpla 
npo8A~µata nou ouv6tOVTQl JJE Tf) XP~Of) tOU. 
np6tov, 6n1c; ratlotatat oattc; an6 tqv nap6ypato 12 napaK6T1, tlvat apµo6t6tqta tou 
KGVOV l OT uco6 opy6vou fl avUqtq tlV KGt6AAoAn TEA l dv £VEPY£ l h havt l napaS l douv tlV 
et6tdv 6t«att(lhn. Eh ri Taxu6po1.1u~ Ynf)p£ola napaAaµ84vtt taxu6poµe{o yta to ono(o 
unott6~ttat 6tt npotpxtTat an6 avataxu6p61.1riori A-B-A, 1.1nopel va nap6oxet oxtttK6 ototxtla oto 
KavovtottK6 6pyavo. To tEAtuta(o µnopt{ ato auvtxeta va tnttpttet atov Taxu6poi.ttK~ Ynqpeola 
<6qAa6~ tqc; xtpa~ A> va tntotpttet to taxu6po11tlo OTfJV unqpeola 6nou taxu6po1.1~tQKE <01n x•pa 
B>. [at4 tqv tntotpof~ aut~ to taxu6poµelo, fl Taxu6poµtK~ Ynqptola 1.1noptl va 6qA,ott 6tt fl 
np6~q 1qc; aut~ Kal6ntttat an6 to 6pfpo 25.1. 
EL vat n t tav6 6t t, ut6 µla epµl)ve la tou 6pfpou 25. 1, IJ tfapµoy~ tou fa aroloufo6ot tr) 
6ta6traola nou nEptypdfQlE napan6v1. H p~tpa avattpetat oe nxtpa 11tAo~· nou 6ev 6EOJJE6ttat 
va npotf~OEl ~ 6tavtlJJEl TO taxu6poµE(O aut6, KOL T06TO 11nopt{ va XPfJOlj.IOOOlf)fE( YLG QVQfOp4 
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6plpou 25 an6 Taxu6poµtrt< Ynopealec;, ouxv6 x1p(< avafop6 oto £fvtr6 Kavovtottr6 6pyavo <tdv 
u,lotatat > •. 
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elvat npotavt<: tup61tpo an6 au16 nou anat1tl1at. 
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1axu6poJU(O 10U OE 6lll') xtpa KOL va TO taxu6pop~0El EKEl yta 6tavoµ~ nlo1 OTI') 6lK~ TOU x6pa. 
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npdttouv, un6 1qv npoun6fEOl'J 6tt q Ynqpeola 01q x6pa 6tavop~c: fa napaldµSavt to taxu6poµtlo 
<dv aut6 ananorpt vhav ota KPl t~pta yta hta(q otov npootauu6pno topta otr) x6pa tou 
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µetaftpEtat t(• an6 tplto fopta erµet6Aleuonc: yta va 1axu6poµqfEl nlo1 -edv 10 taxu6poµelo 
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YnqpEot~<: otq xtpa A. 
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aut~ ta r.ptnEt va 6lKOlOloyeltal an6 touc: Kav6vE<: av1ay1vtoµo6 ti')<: Kotv6tnta<;. H ravovtotlK~ 
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an6 tqv EKt6n1oq OTQV EDlKPGTElQ nou Kalontttal an6 Tl')V KaVOVlOtlK~ apx~. 
H Kotv6tqta KOl ta KavovtotlKO 6pyava nptnet va E(aotaAloouv 6tt n rtvtK~ Iuµ,1vla Eµnoplou 
YnrJp£o th < GATS > Efapµ6~Eta l 01016. Jau16xpova, EV6h£ tat va undp~tt avdyKn va Hon tone 
uv6nv nou anayopebouv rUe d6ouc: dtptTFJ upetdHeuon TlJC KotvoTLK~<; noALttK~<; na tt<; 
ap.xtc: nou 6ttnouv ta tLµoA6yta <6uvat6trita nou E(Etd{etat otqv napdypa•o 8.2.3>. Eh 
npo16touv npo8A~µata fa nptn£t to &tµa aut6 va E(Etaotel 010 nAaloto tqc GATS. Elvat oatt<: 
6tt fa tnptnE Enlonc: va E~Etaottl oe eup6upo nAaloto -aotaUc: oto nAaloto 10<: fiTE, 
nttav•c: 6µ1<; Enloqc: KQl OtQV Eup1nOll~ AtdOKEtq Taxu6poµEl1v Kat TnAentKOlVIVttv <CEPT>. 
'Eva ra (pl o ephqpa To ono lo nptntt va anavTlJf El avattpna l OTO t:a ta n6oov tax u6poµd o 
npoepx6µevo an6 rotvottK~ xapa nou otq ouvtxeta avataxu6poµ~fqrE µto1 ·µn KotvottK~C 
unqpeolac: yta va taxu6poµq&El nloti OE dHq rntvottr~ x6pa npoc: 6tavoµ~ eul, µnopd va 
ftvpqtel ava1axu6p6µqori •16nou A-8-A". 
Ito nAalato aut6 nptntt va oqµetti&tl 6tt ta toxu6poµtrd ttAn µnopo6v va anoteAtoouv 
Or)IJQVtl t'.~ OUVlOTtoa OU} otpatr)Yl t'.~ £YlatQOTQOr)C OPl01Jtnv t6nn fOphv H1J£THAEUOr)<; ( 6n11c 
otr,v ntrln11oq 1axu6poµt16v napayyEAt,v/n1A~atvv, npotfqoqc Aoyaptaoµav, EKt6n11onc ~ 
'~tiA11q_a_~_tEt11~n-Rill!l!_!i~t!! ____________________________________________________ ~~Al~1_i1~ 
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ll1JOA6ynon avdAoya 1.1£ He; 6anhtc; va ftott touc; taxu6po1Jo6vttc; nt6c; trJc; Kol v6tntac; ot 
6uopn~ tta11 OUfKPl tu6 JJ£ auto6c; nou taxu6popo6v u16c; 111c; lot v6trpac;, dv 01 tt1.1tc; yta 
touc; tdnta louc; £ l vat xa11qA6tepec; an Uc; £n£ t6~ Sao l ~ovta t 0£ napa6oo tad cnaAqKH d tHq 
nou houv opt of£ l du an6 uc; 6an6nc; 6 tavop~c;. To yeyov6c; an6 _ta pnopo6oe va £ lu 1c; 
anodl£opa 1qv nUppuvoq puUvn d66n nou e~apthTGl oe peydlo 8at116· an6 unqpeolec; 
TUXU6pope lou va uaveyutaotafoh u16c; tqc; lot v6tqtac;, an Uc; cal p6vo yta va £nttdqfo6v 
an6 ttc; Ttptc;, ot onotec; 6tv avTtcatontpl~ouv Ttc; ouvoltctc; 6an6vtc;. To ytyov6c; auT6 oat6c; 
6ev £lvat npoc; to aupttpov tqc; lotv6tqtac;. 
12. 0 POAOI TOY lAIOIIItllOY OPfAIOY 
o to11tac; uv taxu6po1Jd1Y uptla1186vu enl tou nap6vtoc; hav npootauu611no cat tvav IJIJ 
npootaau6pno, anayntat u6 to11ta. Ito 11tAAov ta auvexloouv va undpxouv ot 660 auto l 
toptl~, poAov6tL to ndlo 6p6oqc; Touc; np6uttat nttav6c; va elvat 6tafopnu6 an6 TO 
Ol)l.l£PlV6. 
'Eva cavovtGTtc6 6pyavo txet va entTtltoet p6Aouc; cat otouc; 660 topelc; 
~ otov npootateu611evo to11ta, fa ftA~oet va e~aotallott to 11tcp61epo 6uvaT6 nt6lo £fappoy~c; 
y ta ta anoduau d 6 uat6pna, 0611tna 11£ to 01610 £~aot6A l oqc; ca to A u~c; unqpto lac; 
oe npootttc; ttptc; (1J£ 6AAa A6yta, q £fap11oy~ tqc; apx~c; tqc; •avaAoytK6tqtac;•>· ta 
anattqfe( enloqc; va e~aotallott tqv avTan6cptoq tou topta napox~c; npoo1a1euo1.1tv1v 
unqp£ot6v Otte; unoxpttoetc; tou, 
-otov µq npootattu611evo 1011ta, fa anatTqfel q £~aot6Atoq oato6c; 6l6Kploqc; tqc; 
6 laxtp tot u~c; YPGIJIJ~C: pna~6 npootattuophtv cal µq nep t oxh · 6a ana t tqttl n e (aotU t oq 
6tt o toptac; napox~c; npootateuoptv1v unqpeottv 6£v anoKt6 attptto av1ay1vlotlK6 
nAeovtctqpa otov pq npootattu6ptvo Topta ptot 6t£nt601~oe1v an6 Tov np,to otov 6£6ttpo. 
Mn6 tqv £ (aot6At oq oato6c; ypapp~c; 6 t hp t oqc; JJ£Ta(6 ttv 660 to1Jhv, o anotao l otl K6c; p6Aoc; 
tou KavovlOTtco6 opydvou ta elvat q e~aot6Aloq tqc; avtan6Kploq~ tou topta napox~c; 
npootat£uoptv1v unqptolAv otlc; unoxpeioelc; tou. Ol unoxpt6otl~ auttc; £(£t6~ovtal Aentopep'c; 
napaK6T~ OTl( Rapayp6fOU~ tJ, 14 Kat 15. 
fla 1qv tnlttu(q tqc; aµtpoAqtla~ auT~~. dvaL anapaltqtoc; o 6tauptop6c; tou a:avovtOTlK06 
opy6vov an6 Kd~e tl6ouc; £ntX£tpqotaK~ Atttoupy(a. ea tatv6tav npottp61tpo edv to 
Kavov tot l e:6 6pyavo anouAo6ot hav nA~p1~ 6 t up l 16 hop6 an6 tov top ta napox~c; 
npootattuo~tv1v unqptot•v <•01£, napa6e(ypatoc; x6pq, va pqv tlvat ouvq~toptvn yta 
0106lo6po1Jlt~ q ouxv~ ptTaKlvqoq an6 tov tva otqv dAAq>. 001600, to nAtov oqpavttK6 oqptlo 
elvat 6Aot ot ev6taftp6µevot <ot Ka1avaA11tc;, o/ot topelc; napox~c; npoo1attuo1Jtv1v unqpeotev 
&:al Ol l6llllKOl topdc; upttdUtuoqc;> va houv n£toftl na tqv apepoAntla tou Kavovlotuo6 
opydvou. E6v aut6 tnlttuxtel, aK6µa Kat 0£ n£plnt1oq ouv6nap(qc; ot tvav tvtalo opyavtop6 tou 
9opta £KUEt6AAtuon~ npootattu6~tvnc; unqptolac; Kal tou KavovlottKo6 opydvou, 6tv ~a nptntt va 
Q!Ai~t-21! ________________________ ~--------------------~K~t~!q1~-~-~-~(t1q~rr_l!Y_Rl!qyiy_!~~~!Y 
avaµtvov1at noAA6 napdnova. 
H £tapµoy~ £l6tK'v Kat anoKA£t01tKAv 6tKat1p611v ano1£A£l tnloqc: oqµavtlK~ Atttoupyla. an6 
trJV 6notri au1~ htt orn1aola o oat~<: ufoptop6c: av appo6tot~av inc: rnvovlOllK~C: apx~c: KOl 
tou topta uµet6Htuonc: npoo1anu6µevnc: unqpeolac:. o avntpv toptac: µnopd va npoSd 01nv 
tvap{q 11v evepyetAv, •<: npoc: tq 6tepe6vqoq <ev16c: 11v Kafoptoptv1v an6 inv tfvtK~ voµofeola 
·opllY > n t favh napa8 t6ouv av et6 t dv tou 6 t rot1phn, 1q ouydnp1on 010 tXd n ra l inv 
unoBoM touc: otqv ravov toll r~ opx~. Itq ouvtxu a tvan6u t tot 01nv uvov toll r~ opx~ vo 
avaA68£t rat6AAqAq 6p6oq rot6 tou topta £KIJ£t6AAtuonc: nou nopaSloot ta tt6tr6 6trat•pata. 
EKTllJ6Tal 6tl 6tv UtlOTOTOl np68Aqpo OVQfOPLKQ IJ£ TQV npootaola TOU £1JDlOT£UllK06 xapaKt~pa 
tou taxu6popelou. At6oµtvou, 101600, 61t o £1JDlOt£UttK6<: aut6<: xapaKt~pac: anoteAtl SaotK6 
6tKal1µa TIV noAtt•v Tr)( Kotv6tqta(, f£1ptltal tntfuµqt6 VO tPOVT(Otl n KOVOVlOtlK~ apx~ YlO 
Kat4AAqAt<: 6toµt6ott<: •<: npoc: tq 6taot6Ato~ tou an6 tov topta napox~c: KafoAtK~C: unqptoloc:. 
13. YROXPEOEEIE lA90AllHI YDHPEIIAI -BPOIBAIH 
Yn6pxouv tpet<: 8aolKt<: apxtc: yta tqv np6o8ooq oe npootottu6µtv£<: unqptolt<:. Ev np•tot(, oL 
ouvf~K£( np6o8aon<: nptntt va tlvat ot l6t£<: yto 6Aou(, 6n6ptvot 6tt ot 6uv6µ£l xp~ottc: 
uno86AAouv to 1axu6poµtK6 touc: uAtr6 µe tov l6to tp6no. Kata 6t6ttpo A6yo ot 6uv6µtt xp~ott<: 
Ott lAouv vo yv1p l ~ouv ar:p t Uc: 1 l ayop6~ouv -6x t on Uc: 6oov atopa 1ouc: 6pouc: 1oxu6p6µnonc: 
nou nptnet va KaA6ntouv Kat tt<: ttµtc: nou nptntt va KataSdAAouv, aAA6 tnlonc: Kat 6oov atop6 
tt<: unnptolec: nou fa touc: npoo9£pfo6v. Tpltov, ot ouvf~uc: np6oSaonc: nptntt va tnL6thouv 
tr)V StAttotonolqoq t~< tuEAt~lac: npoc: 6ttAoc: tou ntAdtq (£~aotaAl~ov1ac: 1ou16xpova to 
Kaftot•<: ttv npootattuoµtvwv unqptot•v>. Ot apxtc: autt<: µnopo6v va pttofpaoto6v at 
Aentoptptottpt( npotdott<: oxtttK6 IJE 1nv np6oSaoq, 6n1c: fa 6ttxftl napaK611. 
r la unoxpnt u:t<: un npoo1auu6µtvtc: unqpto l EC: f ttptl 10 L 6tt o L 6po L np6oSaonc: nptntt va 
tlvat 6µotot µ£ au106c: nou tox6ouv yta tt<: npoo1a1tu6µcvcc: unqptolcc:. 
13.1 AHMOIIOROIHIH TOI OPOI TAXYAPOMHIHI 
K6f£ unqpEola 6ijlJOOlE~£l TOU\ 6pou\ 1axu6p6µnonc: OTO 6lKTUO TIV npOOTOTEU61JEVIV 
unnptoth tq\. Ol 6pot otdAouv va ElvaL Kata 10 6uvat6v anAoL To oqµavTLK6TEpo 
Elval va µnv ano~app6vouv Kata aft1Jtto 1p6no <Elt£ uto1 TtµoAoylvv tlTE IJE 6AAa µtoa) 
6uv6µtt nt>.6t£\ va xpnotµonoto6v to 6lKtuo. 
Autol Ol EV6£X61J£VOl ntUTE<: £V6hETat va n£ptAaµ8houv t6LITlK06<: fOPEl<: 
EKIJ£t6AAtuon<, IJE 1ouc: onolou\ n Taxu6poµtK~ YnnpEola <o toptac: napox~\ tn\ 
npoo1a1cu6µcvnc: unqp£ola\) ntfavec: va av1ay1vl~Etal 01ov µn npoo1a1cu6µcvo toµta. dtv 
i1tt!11~-l-~-t~tl.1qn_111_alt11ti_!iq111 ________________________________________________ ~~!1~q_ll~ 
uptn£l va tlf£vtat £l6tK6 6pol np6o8aoqc; npoc; tt~ npootattu6µtv£~ unqptoltc;, ot onolot 
napa11A6ouv tov t6t1tt16 fopta trµet4AAeuoqc; otov µq npootateu6µevo toµta. 
13.2 OPOI IYIBAIEOI fIA REIZOIEI DEAATEI 
'OAe( ot Taxu6poµt1tc Ynqpeale( nptnet va naptxouv otouc µel~ove( neA6t£( ti) 
6uvat6tqta o6vatqc; £t6trtv au1186oe1v. Ytlotatat aq11avtt16 neptftpto yta tl)V £(011ol1aq 
ttv icuplev ov11acnu:h 6pn <nou afopo6v, t6tatdp11c;, tl el6ouc; nponapaouuaondc; 
epyaolec nptnet va erteAsato6v an6 tov nsA6tq •ate va anoon6oet ernt6oetc;> peta~6 ttv 
6taf6p11v Taxu6poµt16v Ynqpeat6v. <BAtne napar6t1 Rap6ypafo 17.1.l 
13.3 DPOETOIIAIIA TAXYAPOIEIOY 
4 thopec; Taxu6pop l de Ynqpeol ec; n l tptnouv ~6q ae t6t11t u:o6~ topelc; u11n6Ueuoqc; va 
6pouv 1c; 1.1eo6tovtec; µnaU tov neA6tl) nou anoo'ttUet to uxu6po11td uAt16 Ul 
tqc; Taxu6popt1~c; Ynqpeolac; nou £lt£A£l to un6Aotno 11tpo( tqc; 6ta6traolac; taxu6p6pqoqc; 
<aupneptAap8av611evqc; Kat ti)( 6tavop~c;>. 
ffptnet va xatpetl~etat I) 6nap~q auto6 tou el6ouc t1v unqpJot6v npoetotpaolac 
uxu6pope lou. Raptxouv peyaAhepq eudt ~la u t euphepq en t Aoy~ npoc; touc; neAhec;, 
a1611a Kat 6tav to taxu6popelo 6toxeteutel ev6exoµtv1c oe npootateu6pevq unqpeola 
<6ex6µevot 6tt to taxu6popelo 1aA6ntet ta KPlt~pta yta tl)v 1at6ta(~ tou otov 
npootneu6µtvo toµh>. A£6011hou 6tt to ototulo tqc; 6tavoµ~c; <q ulpta t6oq nayl1v 
6anavh OTfJ 6 ta6 ucao la 1axu6p611ooqc; > Hlt l u6pa un6 rah ode npootao lac; Kat tnoµht( 
napaphu o 6y1oc epyao{a( nou 6ttpxnat an6 aut~ trJ t6oq, fJ 6paotl)pt6tfJtO TfJC 
npono q1aotac taxu6poµdou auto6 tou £l6ouc t l val anoAhtt<: ouµSat~ µe to 016xo yla 
Katollr~ unQptola. CBA. enloq( tQ Aentoµeptotepq e~ttaan otnv nap6ypafo 9.4 napan6v1>. 
Yn6 to fttC tttv nAtoV£KtfJl.l611v au16v yta tou~ 6uv4µtl neA6t£(, fa nptnet va avaptvetat 
an6 ta Kphf) µUq Q tyKplOI) auto6 TOU t(60U( UY tv6laµton tophv uµet4U£UOQ(, 
tKT6( eh UflOtaVTQl £DltQKTlKO( A6yot YlO TO avt(hto. fla TfJV t~aotUlOI) tr)( 
not61qta( ttv napexoµtv1v unqpeot'v ano au106c; touc 11to6~ovtt<: nplv an6 1qv 1a1e6tuvoo 
tou taxu6poµt106 uAtro6 otQv taxu6poµtK~ Ynopeola, fa µnopo6oe fl ttAtutala va 
xopqy~oe t 46t l t<: qu KP tphn µeoa~6n1v. c tuo uc6, o t µeo6~ovtt<: ta A£ t 1oupyo6v oe 
ouvt~Kt<: avtaynloµo6 µna~6 touc;L Ot 6pol yta TfJV an6n11011 auto6 tou el6ouc; 
TIV a6tth OtdAouv va 6ununhovtal OGtt( YlCI TIJV QDOfUY~ TOU lOXUPlOµo6 ntpl 
rathPl'JOIJ( 6eon6~ouaric ftouc atov ntp l nuaq nou fl Taxu6poµ l r~ Ynqpeo la napaupel 
66£lQ OE tvav fOpta EKll£t6AA£UOI)( KGl 6Xl OE 4AAov. 
13.~ RPOIBAIH fIA IAIOTilOYI tOPEII ElMETAAAEYIHI 
Rptntl va £Dltptnttat fl np6o8aoq oe 6uv4ptl XP~OTE( Ol onolol Enltuµo6v va 
xpqOllJOCOl~OOUV Tl( npootatEU61JEVE( unQptolt( KOl KOA6ntouv TOU( OX£tlK06( 6pou(. 
~tAl~t-lli ________________________________________________ ~~t~Aq1q_~-~-~lt1q~n_l!Y_R1!q!i!_A~~~!! 
Toho ouv£ndyETat Enlonc 6tt nptnEt va EntTptnETat 11 np6o8aon OE t6tntK6 ,opta 
uµtTdUtuonc o onoloc EntHyEt va xpnoqJonot~oEt Tl'JV npoornuu6µtv11 un11p£ola Kat OTl'J 
ouvtxtta va OUVEtOttPEl o'auT~V Kdnota npoOTtftlJEVl'J a(la µE OKon6 va OUIJIJETQOXEl OTOV 
avtay1vtop6 otov µn npooTateu6µtvo Toµta. 
13.5 IPOIBAIH fIA AAAEI TAXYAPORllEI YDHPEIIEI 
r la tr) auv~fq 6 u:av~ 6 t nntpa l HQ taxu6poµElou µeu~6 660 raxu6poµ uh Yn11peo th, 
tlvat ano6sKt~ 11 6nap~11 K6notou 6tatOPETtKo6 atotxtlou otq oxton· µtta~6 t1v evsxoµtv1v 
unqpsoth an6 tq auv~fq epnop u~ oxtoq I.IE taU 1.1 tac raxu6poµ t K~<: Ynqpto lac Ka l ev6<: 
ps Hovo<: neUtl'). tuvenhtta t, Ao u6v, 6tt y ta auto6 tou t l6ouc Tl) AE l toupy la o l 
Taxu6po1udc Yn11peolt<: ta hpene va 6tatl')p~oouv TIJV aµotSala np6oBaoo nou houv un6 
u6uco6c 6pou<: ottc Atttoupylec 6tavoi.t~<: <ou11ntptAa11Bavoi.ttvn Kat av putplouv yla 
ano~qpt6oetc -8Atnt napaK6t1 tl')V Oap6ypato 15.3>. 
Ot s~spx6µsvt<: Taxu6poµtKt<: Yn11peolec ta nptntt, 10T600, TauT6xpova, E6v to 
en t hp~oouv, va houv TQ 6uvat6Tl')ta np60Bao11<: un6 nap6µo t ouc 6pou<: I.IE a uTo6<: BdoE l 
TIV onol1v Ol Aotnol IJE(~OVE<: XP~OTE<: anoKto6v np60Bao11. ME TOY tp6no QUT6, 
napa6ely11ato<: x6pf), Ol CIPXlKOl anootoAElc TOU uxu6poµtK06 UAtKOO OTl'JV xipa EH6ou 
pnopo6v va txouv np6oBaon ota npott 11110 t u6 T q10A6y ta 6 tavop~<: otr1 xi pa E to66ou <Eh 
tlvat 6tattotpa auto6 tou tl6ou<: ttµoA6yta). 
14. YDOXPEOIEII lA80AllHI YDHPEIIAI -YDPEIIAlEI DPOAIAfPAtEI 
H anA~ 6~l1an 6tt 11 KatoAtK~ unqpeola OfElAEl va naptxetat elvat avenapKnc. nptnEt t(loou va 
r:atop t ott l Kat 11 no t6trita tf)<: naPEX61JEVl'J<: Kato At K~C unqpto lac xpno t µono t hTac ono ta6nnoTE 
r:p t t~P ta no t6tnta<: KP t toh an a pal ti) ta. E~Etd~ona t otq ouvht ta o t not ott de npo6 t aypattc 
nou nphEt va te~o6v yta tt<: npootanu61.1Evtc unnpEoltc, To o6otnµa yta rnv Hqxo Tl'JC 
Ent6ooqc havtt t1v npo6taypath auth, Kat Touc anat To6µnouc 11nxavtoµo6c EAhxou YlO 
tt<: ntptnt6ott<: ott<: onolEC I) tnl6ooq unoAelntTat T1v npo6taypa,,v nou txouv tEfEl. 
nptntt tnloo<: va E~ttaottl Kata n6oo aut6 TO o6oTqµa tAtyxou not6Tntac fa tnpEnt va 
ttapµoonl enloq<: Kat yta unoxpentdc 1.111 npoaotauu6µev£c un11peoltc. Elvat oattc 6tt Ol 
unnpeo l t<: unoxpttttt Ko~ xaputQpa A6y1 tou 6T t anou Ao6oav µtpoc T l'J\ ae l pac av 
npooTGTEUOIJhttV UOl)PEO l h nou houv rnfop tOTEl OE KO l VOTl K6 En l n E60 fa nptn El va houv 
Tl<: l6t£\ unnpEataKt< unoxpeio£t< 6n1c ot npooTateu6µ£VE<: un11p£olec. Ot unoxpe,oetc auTtc fa 
ouvendyovTav TtC (6l£C npo6laypattc IJE auTtc Twv npootaTtuo~tv1v unnptol,v. 
Ot pq npooTat£u6~£V£\ un11peolec nou txouv optot£l an6 r:p610<: µtAoc we unoxpewTtKo6 xapar:Tnpa 
txouv E ~ l oou trJV unoxphon 6~Allonc 01 ov ntUTl'J av un11pto ta dv npo6 ta ypath nou tax ~ouv 
yt'au1tc. tTl'JV TEAEUTala neplnT1an, wo1600, elvat ano6EKT6 To yeyov6\ 61l ot npo6taypattc 
nou txouv t£f£l 6Ev ta elvat avayr:aattK6 ot l6t£C µ£ auTt\ 1wv npo0Ta1Euoµtvwv un11ptol,V. 
!§.tUuq_D__;,._t,t11.~n_11.~.JU.t~~iLU~l!L _______________________________________________ !l~Ai~~-i11 
To tv60Kotvo1tK6 taxu6poµtlo anot£Atl t6tal1tp1J neplnt1oq. H t(tiaon napan6v1 <otqv 
Dap6ypafO 8.1) KalaA~Y£l OTO ouµntpaoµa· 6tl ta aVTllJ£llOlOt£( I) tvia(~ lOU OtOV IJIJ 
npootattu6µevo toµta <evi taut6xpova µnoptl va elvat anapa(tl)tlJ n Katttp1on optoµtv1v 
6taotaAlouv>. ea un6put, 1ot600, unoxphoq napodc: utoAlK~C: unqptolac: <yta uc: 660 
evex6pevec: Taxu6popt1tc: Ynqpeolec:> yta to taxu6poptr6 uAtc6, to onolo 8ploKetal tic: to 6pto 
86pouc: nou xpqatponoteltat atov rotvottc6 optap6 tQ( aetp6c: t1v npootateuoptv1v unqpeat•v. 
Aut~ q unoxpt1aq napox~c: catoltc~c: unqpealac: auven6yetal tqv l6ta notbtqta 1A661v unqpeat•v 
pe aut~v 11ou tax6u yu1 uc: eyx6puc: unqpulec: yu1 nc: onolec: q Kot vhqta opl~u tl)v 
unoxpettlr~ touc: napox~. tuatK6, 6n1c: e~et6~ttal napa16t1, ot npo6taypattc: fa 6taftpouv an6 
auttc: nou txouv ttftl fla to tyx6pto taxu6popelo. 
14.1 lllOPIIROI DP061AfPAtOI 
'Ola ta rpd'tQ ptlq OU1Jtno6v ht q napax6pqaq 6uu1ph1v npoot11teuoµtv1v unqpeath 
ouven6yetal tqv unoxpt1oq tQC: Kal~c: enl6oa~c: touc:. 6ev txouv, 1at600, ac6µa Kafoptottl 
evtalec: npo6taypattc: yta raA~ enl6oaq. 
re r6ft cp6toc ptAoc: ta nptnet va £fapp6~ovtal tlaxtotec: KOtvottrtc unqpeotartc: 
npo6 uypattc:. < Ev6uoptv1c: fa un6p~ouv nep l Up ta yta tAaott c~ ttappoy~ av 
npo6taypat•v Kat6 neptftptta oto ea1teptr6 t1v Kpat•v IJtA•v, eAaattK6tqta q onola ta 
avtavad6 6tafoponot~oetc: pttaU aondv noho6opuh ouyKpotqph1v ~ neptoxh ti)( 
unalfpou>. Ynoypappl~ttal 6tt Ol npo6taypattc: auttc: ta ouvtato6v anA•c: optaKa enlne6a 
ano6tKt~C: enl6ooqc:. fta tt( tax6tepec ouv~tetc: unqpeolec: <6qAa6~, elte LC elt£ np,tQC: 
KA6aqc:>, •c: rataAAnAn optar~ npo6taypaf~ ta pnopo6oe va elvat 1J Kata 98t 6tavop~ Kata 
ti') 6e61epq epy6otpq qµtpa pet6 tqv taxu6p6pqoq <yv101~ •c: H+2>. 
ea nptntl tnlonc: va unapxouv npo6u1ypattc: yta 6taouvoptad taxu6pOIJU4 avttulµeva 
evt6c: 11v opl1v tQC: Kotv6tqtac:. r10 µeoo6t6atq1Ja, ta avtLKtlµtva auta ta µnopo6oav va 
unoAoyto&o6v pe tov ouvunoAoytop6 t1v unqpeotar6v npo6taypativ yta 10 e~epx6pevo 
ototxelo <anootoA~c:>, Kat ta ototula pttatop6c: rat 6tavop~c:. To tox6ov yta to 
peoo6t6otqpa np6tuno ~a ~tav, ouvenic:, Kata 81t 6taVOIJ~ TIJV tpltlJ epy4otp1J qptpa pet6 
tqv rnxu6p6µnon <yv.iot~ we: H+J, Kat unoAoyt~6pevq 6u6ptv1J TIJY Kata 9U enluu(n 
anocnoAf)c: £~£PXOIJhOU tQY qµtpa pet6 TIJY 1axu6p61Jr)OI'), Kal icat6 98t 6taVOIJ~ Otl) dpa 
eto66ou tvt6~ 660 epyaolµtv nµtpiv an6 tnv napaAa8~>. 
nptnet, nepatttp1, va undpxouv tnlonc: npo6taypatt~ yta tov xetptop6 napan6v1v -1600 
•c: npoc: to ptytoto anatto6µtvo xpovtK6 6t4otoµa yta tqv e(ttaoq ev6~ napan6vou 600 Kat 
avafoptKd µe ~la noAtttr~ ev6exoµtv•v £navopf•ttr6v pttp•v nou ev6txetat va anatt~oet 
0 ntA6tr)(. ([K ptpouc: Tr)C f) DTE txtt npottlVEl OXETlKd np6tuna.) H ana(tl')OI') XPOYlK06 
ntptopto~o6 yta tl)Y e(ttaon napan6vn ouvendyetat TIJV 6nap(IJ xpovtdv op(n ottc: 
unqptolec yta tr) µ£ta(6 touc: tntKotvav(a ot n£p(nt1oq napan6v1v nou atopo6v to 
ev6oKotvottK6 taxu6poµdo. Ta Kavovtotu6 6pyava nptntt va 6taotaAl~ouv 6tt txouv 
t£f£l oatelc: 6ta6tKao(£C yta tr)Y sn(Auoq t1v 6tatop,v. 
~t!l~1_i1a~------------~--------------------------------~~1~!~1q_~-~-~lt1q~rr_11Y_R1!qyty_!~~~tY 
14.2 DAPAIOAOY8HIH EDIAOIEON 
Elvat oatt<: 6ll lO 060H11.1a napOKoAoUrioric: nptnet va napQyEt anoTEAto1.1arn nou va 
av1avaKA06v Kata to 6uva16 nto161£pa tl<: £µn£tpl£<: 11v n£Aat,v. 
ta ouathata YlG 11) 11hpQOQ Tl)<: ·A£l TOUPYlK~<:11 £n(600QC: 6£V napououHouv TQV nA~pf) 
eu:6va. Dp6UltQl yta 6tty11a10Aritl£<: nou 6uUyovtal £vt6c: TOU AEllOUPYlK06 ne6lou 
6p6oqc <ouv~hc: an6 1qv napaAa8~ oTo ypatelo e~66ou he: dnoto oq11elo npo106 to 
taxu6po11t16 avtt1el11evo napaAQtf£l an6 tov taxu6po11t16 6tavo11ta>. 
H epnttpla nou htt o ndhnc an6 tQV taxu6poplK~ unQpeola elvat t6nou 11an6 n6pta oe 
n6pta• < ~ •an6 hpo e lC: hpov" -6QAa6~, an6 TflV pl tq oto ypa111o1nou Utto < ~ TQV 
neptouUoy~ an6 tl( EYKGlaOT60£ l c: tOU n£UTQ) he: ll) 6 tavo11~ Otl)V . 6 u6hVOQ 
npoopto1106. to 116vo anoteAeo11aTtK6 06011)110 11t1pQOQC:, 10 onolo ta avttKatontpl~El nto16 
tQV e11netpla tou Kataval•t~ elvat erelvo nou fa npoSalvet enlon<: oe 11t1pnon an6 6rpou 
ttC: hpov. 
Depa l 1tp1, x6p l v a11ep0Ant la<:, to 06otQ11a au16 nptnEl va napuoAouh l ta l an6 tvav 
£~11£PlK6 opyavtop6. ttTOlOU tl6ouc: o60ll)IJQ tXEl tEOOlOTEl an6 OPlOIJtVe<: taxu6p01JlKt<: 
YnQpeolec tQC EK, ev6 av1t11e11nl~etat ooSapa ri etoay1y~ tou an6 6AAec; H Eup1na[K~ 
6t6outq Taxu6pop£ ln KO l trihn lKO l VIV l h ( CEPT> he l ano6exh l Tl) XP~Of) lOU 
OUOt~µatO<: auto6 YlG 6taouvoptaKtc µ£lP~O£l( not6lf)TQ( UOf)PEOl,V. 
Elval oattc 61t fa XPElOOtEl K6nOlO( opyavto116c YlO Tf)V napaKoAo6tf)Of) TIV unnpeot'V OE 
6Af) lf)V htOOf) tr)( Kol v61ritac. A6y1 lOU 6ll 10610 h ou1.18£l 1.16Hov y la put11 t Ol l K06<: 
nap6 yta AEttoupytKo6c A6youc, EK nphn<: 6tuc: 6ev talvetat oK6nqJf) n avUeori tou 
ut~Kovioc auto6 01nv CEPT, ri ono la anouAd oµ66a tophv EKµetUhuonc. 001600, 
et6oov I') CEPT anaoxoMoe t 1u av a1J£p6lrinTI') ave (ap1r)tfl unripeo la Yl a TflV napuolo6triori 
nv tnt66ouv Kat dvat np6tuµn va 6riµoote6oet ta anouAtoµata, talvnat ano60:1n ri 
ouvtxtof) TOU OUOl~IJOlOC Tf)<: CEPT OE OElPOIJOllK~ 86ori. 
H 6tat£otµ61nta nlripofopt'v oxEttra 1.1e lt<: ent66~t<: tric unnpeolac npoc xpnori 
on1.1eptvh ~ 6uv6µet n£Aath dvat anapa(tl)TIJ anotele{ µtpo< 11J< unoxphoric; nou 
nptnet va KaA6nttl o topta< napox~< rafoltr~<: unripeo{ac oxettKd µe triv np6o8aoq, 'ote 
ot n€AdH< va ynpnouv tl £l6ou< unnpeolt< ayopa~ouv. Ot taxu6poµtKt<: Ynrip£olec 
ottlAouv tnoµtv1c va e(vat ndpauta ot ttori va napdoxouv nAripof6prion oxettK6 I.IE 
UOf)P£0lOK06< 016xou~ KQl tphouatc; £nt660tl( YlQ EhtK6, £V60KOlVOtlK6 KQl 6tetvtc; 
taxu6popd o. 
fta va Kataoul fl nAnpof6priori Kata 10 6uva16v Kat6Hf)Afl npoc; ttc; anatt~ottc; av 
6tat6p1v ntAattv, nptn£t ot µtoE<; ttµtc; 1vv tnt66otvv va ouvo6e6ovtat an6 nepatttpw 
A6you x6pq IJE tf)v 
anottA£op6t1v yta to efvtK6 taxu6pop£(o, Kat 
npooptopo6 oxettK6 IJE to 6taouvoptaK6 taxu6poµ£lo. napox~ TOTilK'V Kat nEptfEPEtaKiv 
nAf)pOfOptiv an6 Tl<; K6pt£<; xipE<; 
To ravovtotu6 6pyavo nptnu nepat ttpM va £nt8Hnu 6ou va pqv ylvnat xp~of) av 
11ta1v xp6v1v 11eta8l8aoqc: ~ ttv 11to1v noooot•v •c: pova6tK•v ev6£lKt'v yla tf)v 
anotdEOIJGt U6tf)tG tf)C: KafOAlK~C: UTif)QPEO lac:. 9Up£ (ta l IC: £K ·to6tou En l tupqt6 dh 
KavovlOtlK6 6pyavo va ouvlot6 01166a nou ou11neptAa1186vel £Knpoa•nouc: ttv xpqot•v <an6 
tOV llEIJOVllJtVO KatavaAlt~ tic: touc: XP~Ot£C: IJEy6Aqc: KAlµa1ac:> •at£ f) KGVOVlOTlK~ apx~ 
va ano1t6 IJlG OfGlPlK6tepq £lK6va tQC: unqpeolac:. EntnAtov, to KavovtottK6 6pyavo 16fe 
Kphouc: 11Houc: nptnu va 6taotaU~u 6tt utlotavtat oaulc: 6ta6tuolf:c: yta anatt~ouc: 
ano~qpl1oqc:, A6you x6pq ae n~p(nt1oq an1Aelac:. 
14.3 EAErlOI 
Ie EtlPllOY~ tQC: apx~c: tf)C: •enllOUPlK6Tf)tac:•, Ot AElTOUpylEC: EAtyxou anot£Ao6v, apxtK6, 
ap1106t6tf)ta tlV £fVlK6v KGVOVlOtlK6V opy6v1v. Uptn£l £66 va 6ofEl t11taoq Otf)V £Vf6p­
puvoq av Id tt 6ouv, 6nou auttc: £(vu anapa l tf)tEC:. Av q en l 6oori anoteAd h6e t ~f) 
aqµavttK~C: uattpqaqc:, £lvat ntfav6 to 1avovtott1t6 6pyavo va tnt6t,(u Tf) o6va•f) 
aupt1vlac: µe tf)V Taxu6p01JlK~ Ynf)peola oxett16 IJE tva np6ypa1Jpa 6tat6p1v t60£1v yta tf) 
SeAtltof) tf)C: e(unqpttqoqc:, pt £V6td1Jtoouc: ot6xouc: nou nptnet va Enttuyxdvovtat OE KOft 
fQOf). 
Tl h ouvtBatvt, 1at600, oe nep{nuon 6tap106c anotuxlac: tnlttu~ric: av ot6uv tf)<; 
unqpeolac: f) 6tlOTf) K6pt0f) yla TO EhtK6 KOVOVl0TlK6 6pyavo, EV6£X01JtV1t<; un6 tf)V 
nltof) TfJC: Kotv6tf)tac:, fa ~tav fJ ~~Toon npootoph an6 6t6fopouc fopelc: upet6Htuooc 
<t6oo an6 uc: taxu6poµtdc: Ynnptoltc: 600 Kat an6 ev6laftp6µtvouc l6tttlKo6c: topElc: 
£KIJ£tdAAeuoqc:> yta tqv napox~ tf)<; EV A6yM unopeolac:. rtov neplnt1oq auT~, fa ~f)tf)fo6v 
npootoptc: yta napox~ tf)C: unqpeolac: £K£lvqc: tf)C: onolac: fl an66ooq un~p(E t6lalttpa 
xaµf)A~. Itqv neplnt1on, n6vt1<; tf)C: nA~pouc Katdpp£uonc: tv6c: 6tKt6ou, Ol npoofoptc: fa 
µnopo6oav va ~f)tf)fo6v yta to o6voAo tf)C: EfVlK~C: unqptolac:. 
nptnet va unoypaµptottl 6tt np6K£ttat yta anatot66o~o otvapto. Oph£t, 1ot600, va 
unevfuµl~eTat ouvex6c: 6tt To npov6pto ttv ano1AtlOtt1iv 6tKat1µ6tMv ouvenayetat 
unoxpe6ott<; napox~c: unqpeot6v. H e~unnpttf)Of) npoc: tov ntA6tn euploKEtat unep6v1 6A1v. 
15. YDOXPEOEEII [A80AllHI YRHPEEIAE -TIMOAOflA <IYKDEPIAAMBAIOMEIOI TOI KATAAHKTilOI TEAOI> 
Ot ttptc: yta TlC: unoxp£1tt1tc:, IJfJ npootateu6pevec: unnpeolec: &a cafop{~ovtat an6 tlC: 6uv6ptlC: 
TfJC: ay~pdc:. Ot 6uv6µetc: auttc: ev6txetat va o6qy~oouv npoc: 1nv cate6•uvon ntptf£P£tonolnonc: 
av ttph. Ot Taxu6poµtd~ Ynqp£olt<;, 11101600, ~ aHot •opd<; u:µttOH£UOf)C: nou houv 
avaA08£t unoxp£6oet<; napox~c: Ka~oAtK~( unnp£olac: yta auto ta taxu6poµtc6 avttK£l~eva, 
£v6tx£tal va EntAt(ouv, 1~ npoc tnv eµnopla tou~, va npoottpouv tt~ unnp£olec: autt~ µe tva 
qtAl~q_tit ________________________________________________ ~ltQAqi~-~-~-~ltl~~n-l!!_[i!q!i!_~~~~!Y 
£Vlalo tlµoA6yLo nou KaA6nt£l to o6voAo tn~ nEPLOX~~ AELToupy{a~. EvaAAaKTtKd, 
n6hnat to KavovlOtlK6 6pyavo tn~ Kustpvnon~ va AUEL 1nv noAL ttK~ an6taon 6Tl 
nptn£l va Uf(OTQtQl tlµOAOylGK~ E~lo1on yla taxu6poµlKQ avtlKElµEVQ auto6 TOU £l6ou~. 
AK6pa KGl otnv ncplnaoq nou <ol taxu6popld~ YnnpEolt~ Kal 6nolOl a.Uol topd~ 
erpet6AAeuoq( 11£ unoxp£•oet( napox~( xafoAtK~( unqpeola(> elxav tqv euxtpela Kat 
anot4ot ~av va IHJV npooftpouv t q.10Aoy tu~ £~ (01oq, fa ouvh t~av va en t ~qto6v Ill a 
anAono un1hq t q10Aoy lGK~ 6op~, euicoA6tepa ntllAr)nt~ u ptpou( av 6uvhEt neAa th. 
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6lavophv eoxhn( avhKl'J( an6 opyavlopo6( nou anu to6v ufoAlK~ unqpeola yla 6ti,tata 
t1( tva optoptvo 84po(. 
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ntappuvtoh otqv eup6upq 6uvat~ xp~on tou ECU icna tnv aoicnon av 6paotqptot~av 
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EnlnAtov tQ( c(ttaoq( nou ylvetal napaicat1, ttpoAoylaKa ttµa1a µtAct•vtat Atntoµcp•c 
oto napaptn11a 14. 
15.1 IYIXEIIIKOI RPOI III 4ARAIEI 
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lOUAQXlOlOV ll( optaKt( 6an6V£( nou OXtTl~OVTGl pt lr)V unqpeola. 
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15.2 EBIAOTHIEII 
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ltttAil~_a_~_tEt1i~n_llY_r1tqyiy_A~ql1Y ________________________________________________ qiAl~1_££! 
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notqto6v yta tqv 6t£nt66tqaq t1v npoatateuo1.1tv1v unqpeot6v. Oot6oo, 6tent6ot~oet~ an6 
npootatev6pnouc; oe 1111 npootattu6pnouc; topelc; nou npoop l ~ovta l yta UAouc; 01ono6c; 
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dv al vat oup8no l 1.1£ touc; uv6vac; tou anayn topo6. Ev doq nep t ndou, auto6 tou 
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15.l lAIAARltllA YEAH 
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an6 TO QVTGYIVlOTlK6 ne6(o 1.1£ Kat4AAl')AI') ano~l')IJ(IOI') YlG Tl( 6an4v£~ lOU. <Edv, IOT6oo, 
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Tl~ unnpEO(£C 6LOYOIJ~C.) 
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16. RH DPOITATEYOREIEI YRHPEIIEI 
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µn npootatEu6µ£vo toµta. 
~11qA1t~-l-~_tft11qn_11~_n1tl!i!_!~q11! ________________________________________________ ~i!l~q_ii~ 
16. 1 tlllEI 
Edv XPQOLIJOOOLt(TQl 6pto Tlll~C: yta TOY Kafoptop6 TOU op(ou npoOTQTEUOIJtVtV unqptot6v, 
T6H fa ufop l ~£ t tr)v £Ah toTq tt IJ~ nou pnope l va xpufEl oTov pq npootauu6pevo 
Topta. 
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caftaTo6oe 1C6f£ np6tuno unqpeola<: nepttt6. 
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ttpt<: nou fa tt£lVGV OTOV napayKIVlOp6 TIV avtay1vtot•v. 
16.2 AOIDA 8ERATA 
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t6AAeuoqc; otov topta t1v Taxu6popel1v, nptnet va tqpo6v tqv cotvottK~ Kat tqv efvtK~ 
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npootateuoptv1v unqpeot6v. te neplnt1oq nou otoo6~not£ foptac: £KP£t6AAeuoq<: anoKto6ot 
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ntpav tohou, o l tope l <: napox~<: pq npootauuophn unqpeoth nou AE t toupyo6v l 6 L ec; 
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17. BI9AIOI TOllEII EIAPROIIIHI 
H tvap;J6vt OIJ fa pnopo6oe va npaypatono t qf £( oe 6 t hopa En l ne6a, pnaH neAadv ra l tophv 
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Autt~ £~£t6~ovtal otq ouvtxtta. 
17.1 DPOYD08EIEII RPOIBAIHI/IYMBATilOI OPOI 
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£nltUIJQt6 an6 tQV OlOnt6 tiV putpl0tll6V 6tat6~£1V. 
17.2 DOIOTHTA DAPEXOREIOI YDHPEIIOI 
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11£TP~OEIV <6netc: £~£t6~£tQl OtQV nap6ypato 14). 
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npoc; to ypaftlo 6tavoµ~c;. Edv µet6vov1av oqµavttl6 ot noo6tf)t£C: tou 1axu6po11£lou nou 
anoottAAttat oe ev6t6peoa ypaftla, elt£ yLa ouµnAqp1pattr~ 6taAoy~ elte yta 
6 t a1.1ttu611 t oq, ta napouo ui~onav tnun10 tad anouH01.1a1a wc; npoc; tf) St At l 1on tnc; 
not6tq1ac;. 
17.3 AIAPOPQIH TIMOAOfIOI 
ruv6ua~611£vo t I.IE ll')V av6ntu(q nAtov oµo t6iJOPtlV 6pn np6oSaonc;, ta El XE e uvo ( K4 
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17.4 AIAIYIAEIH DEAATON 
nonol veuuptopol nou OXEtnovtat !J£ 1qv •6tao6v6£ol')n av neAadv ufttphovtat noA6 
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6'6£1CQ KPQTf) µtAq 
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6E6t£pf) 6tQKPlOf)), 
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ta napa6e(ypata an6 phptv £vapp6vtoqc: ta 11nopo60£ va tlv.at Q uhtp1oq ntalou 
OUOt~patO( 6taAoy~c:. 
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6ta86~ouv ol6clQP£<: 6teut6vo£t<: cat 6xt anA6<: taxu6poptco6c: ''6tK£<:. 
17.5 AEIIOYPrilA 4E40KEIA 
H lotv6tqta ot~ll£l ev ytvtl va llrJY entpBalvet 0£ 6,tl ou11Balv£l ntpav to<: 6tao6v6£0l'JC: 
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Al>you X6pq, 6nou ta np6tuna aut6 ta 1.rnopo6aav va en tftpouv e(o t icov6pqoq npoc: 6tdo<: 
11v fOpt1v £Kp£t6ll£UOQ<: Ott<: 6an6v£<: yta tpeuva rat av4ntu(q. 
'Onou, 1101600, ta XPl'JO q.1ono to6µeva np61 una £v6h£ tat va houv 6p£OQ •tHHa 01ouc: 
XP~OHC:. £n l 8Ul£ta l I} avUotrJ ICO l VOt u:~c: npnoSouHac: YlG TQV evUppuvoq 
tQC: evapµ6vtoqc:. A6o ouvat~ napa6elypata anottAo6v q nttav~ ratttp1oq £Vtal1v 
pa860K16lKIV 0606 6ta8t860£1( <nou ta £Tiltptnouv 0£ 6tafOP£tlK06<: fOP£l<: £Kp£t6Al£UOI')( 
va ouµpettxouv otq 6ta8l8aoq ev6c: pepov1µtvou taxu6poptro6 avttK£lptvou> tat tou 
npot6nou X-488 yta riA£npovtK6 1axu6poµElo <nou ta ent tptt£l triv 6uh~ taxu6poptK~ 
6la8l8aon rile1tpovtro6 taxu6pouelou>. 
Ot £Vlalot Ki6tK£<: o6'v 6ta8t84oeac: ~a pnopo6oav va anoteAtoouv µtpoc: pta<: otpatQYLK~<: 
yta TQ 6Qµtoupyla 6taA£ttoupytK6tf)tac: OUV~QKtV µ£ta(6 fOptvv £Kµ£t4lA£UOfl<:. Rltov tOU 
ev6~ fOP£ Le: uµn6Heuoric: oupp£Ttxouv oe 6 t aouvop lad<: unqpeo ( £<: en l otoA l K06 
taxu6popelou. K xp~on µeoa~6vt1v yta TO taxu6poµelo eo1teptro6 au~4vetat <Sltne 
nap6ypafo 9.4>. H enlteu(q av KotvoHdv ot6uv oe Upata nol6triuc: unqpeoth 
ta £~QptQt£{ OUV£n6<: EV lJtp£l an6 lflV trav6tf)TQ HIV OUOTQIJhlV (£lt£ OE 11rixavoypaftl~ 
8601'1 El tt 6xt > ttv 660 6tafOP£ll Kh fophv £KP£t6Heuoqc: nou ouµpnhouv 0£ K6h 
entXElPfJOtaic~ oxton va avtaAA6ooouv Tfl OX£TlK~ nAqpof6pqoq. 
17.6 ADAIXOAHIH 
H £(tAt(f) Tf)<: KOLVVVlK~<: noAlTlK~<: Tf)<: Kotv6tf)Ta<: np6K£lTGl va txet anot£Atoµata OTOV 
~~!l~_ii~------------------------------------------------~~t~!ll~-~-~-&~tll~ft_ll!_[l!l!i!_!~~~l! 
toµta t1v taxu6poµel1v. Io yeyov6<; aut6 ta anoteAtoeL nLfav•<: tnv onµavtLK6tepn •anon 
npo<; tr)v uuUuvon tr)<: nepa l ttpi e (oµo lion<: av 6pn anaox6Anon<: rn l av Ao l nh 
epyaotactv ouvfoK•v. 
H ntfav~ av6ycn AEttoupytK~<: evapµ6vtoo<: nou avattPfQKE napan6vi ta anatt~OEL 
ev6exoµtv1<; tva optoµtvo en(ne6o ouvepyao(a<; otqv enayyeAµattK~ rat4ptton. 'Eva 
nap66etyµa ta µnopo6oe va elvat o av6yKq KOlV~<: rat6ptton<: µeta(6 660 topt1v 
£Kµet6AAeuoo<: <6n1<; 660 Taxu6poµtKtv Ynqpeottv nou avtaAA4ooouv µeyaAou<; 6yKou<; 
taxu6poµtKo6 uAtKo6>, ot onolot fa anotaoloouv va ouvepyaoto6v oe tva o6otqµa 
nAnpofOPltV £RLXElPQOlQK~<: 6taxelplOQ<: nou fa KaA6ntEl Tl<; avtaAAayt<; auto6 TOU 
el6ou<;. 
18. lOINOTitH tYIOXH 
H napox~ utoAuo6 6ut6ou npootateuoµh1v unopeoth ouvrnhetat tov utoptoµ6 unopeotadv 
npo6taypattv. An6 to yeyov6<; aut6 npoK6nt£l q av6yKf) ouvt~poon<; Kat SEAtl100<: tou 6LKt6ou, 
601<; Kat av4ntu(o<: vt1v unqpeotiv. fta 6Aa auta anatto6vtat enev66oet<;. 
H tphouoa Kataouoq napouo t6~e t oqµavu d<; 6 tatopt<; µna(6 av Kpa th µeUv. H Sao t K~ 
uno6oµ~ 6taqtpet A6y1 E(ltEPlK'v napay6vt1v, 6n1<; nurv6tqta nAqfuoµo6, ye1ypattro( 
neplOPlOµol KQl OlKOVOµtKt<; 6lOfOpt<;, 6n1<; enloo<: Kat E(Ottla<; µ4AAov EOltEPlKtV napay6VTIV, 
6n1<; lfl<: i<; tipa npayµatonotoµtvo<: noAttlK~<: enev66oe1v. 
Mla tv6et~O tou yeyov6to<; auto6 elvat to 6tafopettK6 enlne6o EKµox4vton<: ota 6t4topa Kpatn 
µHo. To6to ev6exoµtvtt<: va unoSUE t tqv t6ta 6tl d vat an l favn n npayµat0no l non av 
anattouµtnv enev66oen oe optoµht<: neptoxt<;. OptnEL, 1ot600, va oriµtt1t£l 6tt 6ev 
utlotataL Kat'avayKflV 6µeoo o6v6eon µetaU enev66ouv na EKµnxdvtori KOL not6tnta<; av 
UTif)pEOth. Mnopo6v va ETIL uuxto6v SEAlliOEl<; µ£ KaHupa OUOt~µata 6Lax£lpt0f)<; KOL µE tf)V 
e•apµoy~ KataAAnA1v OUOtf)µUtlV TIOlOtlK06 eAtyxou. 
E6v Ol 8£Atl,0£l<; Otf)V not6tqta E~unnpttnon<: YEVlKt<; 6EV npayµatOTIOL06VtQV OE auto6 tou el-
6ou<; tL<; TIEPLOXt<;, fa µnopo60E VQ 6l£UPUVfE( TO xaoµa µEta~6 autiV KOL tlV nAtov EUVOf)µtv1v 
nEp t oxh, 6Xt µ6vo 111<; npo<; tf)V not 6tl)ta av taxu6poµ t dv unripeo th, a Ha En l on<: u L 
avafOPlKQ µ£ tf) YEVlK~ ETilXEtpf)µatLK~ 6paotf)pl6tf)ta, Otf)V t6V610f) tf)\ onola<; ouµBaAAouv Ol 
rnM<: no L 6t n ta\ tax u6poµ L Kt<: unnpEo l E<;. 
taxu6pOµlKtV UTif)PEOltV Ef6µtAA1v npo<; fta to A6yo aut6, o anouola OTL\ ntptoxt<: autt\ 
TL<: o6upovE\ npo6taypa,t\ 4a htt apvf)TLK6 
llllAt1~_a_~_tEtli~n_111_nttl!i!_A~~l!! ________________________________________________ ~lAl~q_££I 
6n nptnu nloric: va Aqopovq&tl 6tt, enLnAtov, utlo111vtal KOlVttVldC: tnlnAodc: nou tlvOL 
6uvat6 va anort~oouv oqpavttK~ trtaoq. Ol T60tl<: otov Topta ttv taxu6poµel1v elval nttav6v va 
6qptoupy~oouv optoptvec: avtoopponlt<: 11eta~6 tfl<: un6pxouoac: Kal tfl<: µeAAovTtK~<: ~~TflOIJ<: 
npoo1ntro6, t6oo •c: npoc: tQ ye1ypaftK~ tou ratavoµ~, 600 rat •c: npoc: tqv tt6lreuo~ tou. 
Ol entndouc: ptac: anotuxlac: OTIJV dAutq av ot6uv yta napox~ rahAuc~c: unqpulac: cmc: 
neptoxtc: auttc: ta nptnet eno11tv1c: va e~ttaote( rat6 tl)V av4nTU~IJ TIJ<: KotvottK~<: taxu6poptr~c: 
noALtlK~(. 
19. EtAPROfH RETPOI DOAITilHI 
Rpoopto116( TOU Rp6otvou BlBAlou tlvat fl t(haofl hphtv noAltuc~c: rat fl 6tat6n100 npoT6ouv 
yu TO pUAov tou Top ta taxu6po11tl1v Tl)( Kol v6tl')Ta(. 6tv tal vt Ta l eno11h1( rat6Hf1Ao va 
ou~l)tflf06v t6', ntpav av yev uh yp111111h, ta tv6u611tva VOIJ l d 6pyava nou ta 11nopo6oav va 
XPIJOllJOROll)to6v yta Tl)V ttap11oy~ tQC: KU8tPVQtll~C: noAltll~C:·Kat6 tl')V e~tAt~~ tqc: tnettll an6 
Tq 61')1JOO(tUOI) tOU Dp6otvou BtSAlou Kill tnttta an6 TlC KOT6AAnAec 6ta8ouAe6oetc. 
Ot npot6ouc: &a pnopo6oav va avanTuxto6v oe oxt6ta o6oyth npoc: unoSoM oto IuµSo6Alo 11c: 
phpa evapµ6VlOfJC: un6 Tr)V hVOlQ TOU 6p&pou 188 <yta 0116t1Vr) tyKplOr)) ~ TOU 6p&pou 188a 
<tyrptor) µt 6ttupuµtvP, nAetototla yta µttpa oxttl~6µeva µt Tr)V enltEU(fJ TfJC: EVlalac: ayopdc:). 
Ol npot6ouc: RO\J llfOpo6v ntuxtc: OX£Tl~6µtv£C: IJE TOY avtaytvlOIJ6 ~ TJ)V KO&ttp11on Tfl<: KOlV~C: 
ayop6c ~a µnopo6oav va avontuxto6v OE oxt6la o6nytiv npoc: tr6oon 0611t1va IJE to dp&po 98.3. 
A6y1 tr)<: notrlAAouoac: t6oric: ttv 6tat6p1v 6p6oe1v nou EµnEpltxovTal, nlo nl&av6c talvttat tvac 
ouv6uaou6c: ttv 6La6lKaot•v aut6v. 
21. TAXY6PORilEI XPHKATOOllONOMllEI YDHPEIIEI 
H nUf)oq unnpso th ota Ka taot~µata av Taxu6poµ l dv Ynqpeo th npoottPE tat, oxe66v oe a:6te 
ntplnt~Of), OE avtay1vtoµ6 IJE TflV niAqo~ TWV (6tiV ~ napEIJttp•v URflPEOltV aAAo6. 
~~!i~q_iia ___________ ~---------------------------~------Ktt~!ll~-~-~-&Etl~~rr_l!Y_[i!~YiY_!~~t!Y 
To 6(KtUO TIV taxu6poµtKiv KQlQOlf)U6ttV (UDf)P£0(£C fup(6ac> 6taftt£l 6tafOP£TlK~ 6uvaµtK~ an6 
to taxu6poµtK6 6(Ktuo nou npoottP£t taxu6poµtKtc unqptole~. Itnv n£plntjOf) tou t£Atutalou, ta 
6t6tOPQ µtpf) lOU 6lKt6ou £(Val nA~p·~ aAAqAo£(apt6µ£VQ p(a £DlOTOA~ nou n£ptouAAty£Tal OE 
tva oqp£lo tou 6tKt6ou nptntt va 6tavtµqftl 0£ tva 6AAo oqµelo. 
Itqv neplnt1aq ttv unqpeot6v tup(6ac, 6tv tox6et to aut6 : µnope( va npoot£ftl ~ va atatptttl 
p(a eyxatdotaoq an6 to 6lKtuo x1p(\ va anattl'}ftl avaft6pqoq ti'}~ 6taxtlpto~\ tou. 'Ont~ Kat 
at riv nep l nnori uv axu6poµ t dv unqpeo th, tv6htta l va undp(t l np68Ariµa avayv6p ton\ ttv 
ntAat6v. Itqv ntplnt1on ttv unqptot6v fupl6ac, o n£A6tq~ elvat o topta<; napox~c unqp£ot6v tou 
onolou o l unqpeol EC naphovta l µto• tr)~ hp l 6ac, ~ El VCll o t xp~ouc uv unqpt:o th auto l nou 
antuf6vovtat ottC fupl6t\ yta va anoKt~oouv np6o8aoq Ott~ unqpeole~; 
Kat ta 660 6lKtua <taxu6poptK6 Kat fup(6£\) txouv utqAt\ n6yt£~ 6an4ve~ <a«6pa Kat 6nou µtpo\ 
tr)\ epyaolac avatlf£tat a£ unepyoAaSla>, Ta 6(Ktua ttv taxu6poµtt6v Kataotqµdttv anottAo6v 
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OUIJftpov Tl'}C Kotv6tl')t0~ va dval TO 6(KtUO llV hpl6tv Kata TO 6uvat6v xpl')patOOlKOVOIJlKQ 
Bt•otµo. Ito ftpa aut6, µla o6yKptol') ttv 6tat6p1v unqpeot6v nou npoottpovtal an6 ttC 6tdtOP£\ 
Taxu6poµtKt\ Ynqpt:oltc Ota KQTQOT~IJQTQ TOU\ napoUOlQ~£l oqµaVTlKtc anoKAlOElC. 
En£l6~ Ol taxu6poµtKt~ XPl')IJaTOOlKOVOIJlKt\ UDl')P£0(£~ A£ltoupyo6v OTOV IJl'J npootattu6µ£VO toµta, 
undpxet Aty6tep11 avayKq avantu(n<: yt'autt<: pu•µtottK6v npotdoe1v. napd to yeyov6\, 1ot600, 
6tt 6£v anottAo6v avtlKtlµevo enlon~•v npotaoe1v, undpxouv optoµtvec neptoxtc ott\ onolt<: n 
£toaywy~ utqA6tepou Safµo6 ouotouopfla\ fa µnopo6oe va anoStl tttAllJI'). 
9u1p£l tat en t ~u1.ir1t6 o t Tax u6poµ t Kt\ Ynl')pto l £\, unoKd IJEV£<: oe op l oµhou\ ntp top t oµo6c < 601\ 
Olf)V EfVlK~ voµofeo(a OXEtlKO IJE Tf)V niAf)Of) Aaxeltv), va £(Val Kata to 6uvat6v £A£6fEPE\ yta 
tnv napox~ sup6tatou tdoµaroc unnpeot~v an6 Tl\ un11peo(£\ tupl6a\ tou~. <H 6~A1011 aut~ 6µ1\ 
6£V OUV£nh£tal Tf) 6f)IJlOUpy{a rnxu6p01JU:o6 TalJlEUtl')p(ou £dv aut6 6tv Uf(Otatal ~61').) A£V 
talvttal va undpXEl >.6yo\ flO TOV TI£PlOPlOIJ6 Tf)\ n6Al')Of)\ HIV UDl')ptolh fup(6a\ OE unf)p£O(£\ 
nou 6t£i:ntpato6vtat yta >.oyaptaoµ6 opyavloµh tou 6f)IJ60tou toµta, 6n1<; ylvttal 0£ optoµtva 
Kp6tn µt>.q. Ot unnptolE\ autt~ ~a npooftpovtat ouv~••<: un6 ouvf~Kt<; avtay1vtoµo6, Kat auto6 
TOU £l60U\ f) TIOlKlAla -un6 tf)V npoun60£0f) 6tt 6£V UTIQPX£l Otpt8AtfOf) TOU avtay61Vl01J06 -~a 
£~aota>.(~£l tr) XPf)IJQTOOLKOVOIJLK~ 8tlOlµ6tf)TQ TOU 6lKt6ou llV Taxu6p01JlK'V KataOTf)IJQTIV. 
Ytlotavtat tnloqr. ntpt~apta yta va ylvouv opto1JtV£\ unqpeolt\ neptoo6ttpo eutAtKtE<: 
6taouvoptaK6. napa6tlyµato<: xdpq, taxu6poµtKt<: enttaytc nou £K6l6ovtat ot opto1JtV£\ xipE\, 
ylvovtat ano6eKTt<: yta t(apy6p1i1on oe Kdnola 6Ha, 6xt 6µ1<; 6Aa, Kpdtf) µt>.n. HqaA6u:pq 
tut>.t(la 01~v ntpln11oq aut~ Oa napelxt xp~otµo avtay1vtoi.i6 npo\ tl<; 6laouvoptaKt\ 
tyKatao16ott\ E(apy6pwoq<; twv 1panE~iv. Ot tt>.tutalt<: t£lvouv va tlvat K6n1\ aKptBt<;, 
t6talttpa yta xaµn>.6 nooa. 
~~t~!~t~-~-~-trt1q2n_1~~-rrLtq~~~-!~q~~~------------------------------------------------Q~!l~q_ll~ 
Euvot(~ov1ac, ot xpqµa1ootKovoµtKtC unqptoltc tiv 1axu6poµEliv txouv otKovoµtKO oqµao(a yta 
TtC Taxu6poµtKtC Ynqptoltc. Ka4~C. iot6oo, Atttoupyo6v oxt66v n6vta oE ouv40KEC av1ayivtoµo6 
µt HC l6tt<: {) napq.1,Epdc unqptolEC Ol ono(E<: 6ta1lftv1at an6 OAG µtoa, 6tv un6put H'1a 
E(t1ao11c KQVOVlOllK'V pu&µ(OEiV. 
fta TOY avayv•o1q nou txtl GOOll~O£lC Atntoµ£ptot£PQC £~ttaoqc TOU xpqµa1ootKOVOPlK06 1oµta 
TQC Kotv61q1ac, nptntt YO OQP£llfE{ 6tt q Enttpon~ 6qpool£UO£ TOY ItnttplplO TOU 1998 OY6Auoq 
yta ttc •nAqp111.1tc 01qv Eoeupu~ Ayop6• <COIH98) 447>. Ito ouYhtta 111c av6Auo11c aut~C q 
En l tpon{) napouo (aot np6ypap110 tpyao lcu: yu1 tr)V 8d1 l1011 av 6 u1ouvop tadv nAqp1µh otqY 
Kotv61q1a <SEC <92> 621). 
21. AOIDA 9EMATA 
Ot an6t£LC nou EKfpd~ov1at 0£ tva Dpdotvo BtBAlo tlvat Ka1'av6yKqv Enqptaoµtvtc an6 10 1ptxov 
ntptS6AAov. 001600, 10 n£pt86AAov ta pe1a8Aqf£(, A6you xdpq 1c ano1tAtoµa 111c voptoµattK~C 
tv1011c ~ 111c noAt1tK~C tv~oqc. Elvat 1c tr 1061ou 66oKoAo va npo8Attfo6v ot tntnAoKtc aut•v 
liV µttaBoA~v 010 ntpt86AAov . E~tta~ovtat 0111 ouvtxtta ~tµata nou avayraottK6 Elvat 
ntptoo6t£PO &EIPl')llK~C t60EIC. 
21.1 ENIAIA TAXYAPOMllH YRHPEIIA 
Hvat or6nq.10 va E(tuonl lo ~{)1qµa µtac Evta(ac Taxu6poµu:{)c Ynqptolac, nou ta 
rnA6nH l 10 o6voAo tr)C Kot v61q1ac 6t6oµtvou 6'tl lo &tµa ht l avatEPh l an6 
optoµtvouc napayovtEC 111c ou~~111011c y6pw an6 tov Ol')JJEpLv6 toµta 1wv 1axu6poµt{wv. Elvat 
,uotK6 6tL 11 E~ttaon E6' ~a y{vtt tp6nov ttv6 EK 11v npottpwv. 
fipho Ka~OKOV HJC napo6oac E(haoqc dvat 0 AtnTO!JEptOTEPO<: KafOplOIJ6~ TiV 016uv (Ql 
Tl'JC 6011~<: µta< tt1ou1c Evtalac Taxu6pOIJlK~~ YnqpEolac. talvEtat 6tl un6pxouv 660 
6UVat6tl)TEC -)J{a nEpl006t£pO 8paxunp6&EOJJI') (Kat W( EK to6tOU "nEpto06tEpO lOKTlK~< 
,6oE~<w), KQl r, dAAI') nEptoo6tEPO µar:ponp63EOIJI') (KQl nEpLoo6tEPO "otpaTl)YlK~"). 
H µaA~ov Tar:ttK~< t6ot1c EK6ox~ t{vaL va ouvtxloouv oL Ol'J!JEptvtc Taxu6po1JtKt<: 
Ynnpco(t<;, IJE tva EnLnp6o4£TO opyaVlOJJ6 OE KOlVOTtK6 tn(nE6o nou XPl'JOllJOOOlt(tal yta TO 
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ouvEpyaola µt dAAtc Ynqpcoltc. H µ6AAov 01pa111ytr:~ EK6ox~ 3a ntptldµBavt µla ntptoo6-
Ttpo O~OKAqp~µtv11 6tdp~~oq, µ£ EVOOOll'}µtv11 k'.£VtPlK0 6taxt(ptoq 0£ KOlVOTlK6 tn(nt6o. 
Eh tnp6rttTO va npor:6•tl Evtala Taxu6poµtK~ Ynl)ptola ~a E~t1a~61av nt&av~c ouyxp6vwc 
oTEv4 o6v6to~ trl<: \lE HlV nMPll noAttlK~ tvwoq. +alvttat tnoutvwc: 6u 6t6apri -ri 
01pa1qyta:61tpn -an6 tt<: nt~av61ritt<: npoa,tptt Tl'JV nAtov a:a16AAnAn 6tdp~pwo11 yta 111v 
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uavono(f)Ofl nv anal t~otn auth, nl to pqaA6u:po ptpo<; ti)<: t(taori<: nou aroAou&tl 
avattpttat otr)V u6ox~ aut~. Rpoqyouphti1<:, 6pti1<;, E(ttd~ovtal ot 6laot60tl<: Ul ta 
tv6tx6ptva ottAq tfJ<: ntptoo6ttpo •ta(tl,~<: t6otw<:• tK6ox~<:-
'Ont1<: ntpqpcifriu: napanhtt, 11 TUT uQ u6ox~ 3a du ntpu~ptoptvouc, ut6 uv6va 
AtltOUPYll06( ot6xouc. nptn£l va aqp£lMftl 6tt tva( tttoto<: aupnAqpttpatll6( opyavtap6( 
<nou 6£v ta ntpt6Pl~£ aco6ota tf)Y tAtutepla 6p6oq( tttv ptpbvttptvttv Taxu6popll'v 
Ynripeoth> ta 1-1nopo60£ va t6puhl 1'pa dv utlotato A£Ltoupyu~ avhKIJ <ul upl( .va 
anattq6£( noAltlK~ ty(plOf) £( ptpou( TIV tfVll'V KU8£PV~0£1V). 
'Elf<: ha opto1.1tvo 8atp6, fJ nupela Unipost <nou h£L eyicpLhl an6 oploµha 1-1Hq tQ<: 
CEPT yla tqv napox~ c6noLou 8afpo6 revtptr~( tntxttpqoLar~<: 6tax£Lptoq<; yla optoptv£( 
6taauvoptartc unqpeo(t<: taxu6poptlou> ta pnopo6o£ va anottAtGtl tv6tl(fJ yla tov 1p6no 
tpyaola<: tv6<: opyavtopo6 aut~6 tou tl6ouc. ea elxe, 8t8al1<;, ouotaottl~ oqpaola va pqv 
npoKaAtotl fJ (6puoq tv6<: tttotou tntx£tpqotaKo6 opyavtopo6 aAAaytc oto putptottK6 
rattoti<: iott va oup8a6lotl pa~l tou. 
'Eva( opyavtop6( auto6 tou £L6ouc fa ~tav or6ntpo<; £4v ot ot6xot Qtav ntptoptoptvot iat 
µ6vo ETilXtlpf)otaK~<: tOottt(. ff Of)pavtLK6ttpf) avdAuon nou y(vttat t6' tatvetat 6tt atopd 
tqv u6AAov otpatQYlK~ £K6ox~ µta( Evtalac Taxu6poµtK~<: YnqpEola<;. 
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taxu6poptr{)c; Ynqpcolac;. 
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EEAitAAIIH DAPOXHI THI IE OAOKAHPH IHN KOUOTHTA IE DPOIIIEI ru OAOYI TIMEI MEIO THI 
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EAEY8EPOY ANTAfONIIMOY. 
2. lOINEI YDOXPEOIEII fIA TOYI tOPEII ElMETAAAEYIHI KA90AIKHI YDHPEIIAI THI KOINOTHTAI 
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J. KATABOAH TON ARAPAITHTON TIPOITIA9EION TIPOI THN KATEV9YNIH THI KOINOTIKHI IYNOXHI, EITE MEIO 
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EPOI I PY8KIItllA 8EKAYA fElllHI tYIEOI 
1. lAGIEPOIH lAI EEAitAAIIH THI lOINOTIKHI IEIPAI lA80AllHI YDHPEIIAt 
2. AIARtYEH TOY OPIIKOY TOI lA80AIKON KAI OPOITAIEYOMEIOI YOHPEIION 
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lOINOTilH NOK08EIIA KAI ROAITIKEI 
~. AIAKPIIH PY8NIITIKON KAI EDIXEIPHIIAKON AEITOYPfION 
llEPOI II YROXPEOIEII TOI tOPEOI DAPOXHI lA80AilHI YDHPEIIAI 
5. EEOHOIOIH flA OAOYI TON OPON RPOIBAIHI ITHN KA90AIKH YTIHPEIIA 
6. IYIXETIIKOI TON TIKOAOfIOM flA KA00AIKH YTIHPEIIA TIPOI TII KEIEI AARANEI 
7. AROZHMIOIEII KETA3Y TOK TAXYAPOKIKOK YRHPEIION ANAAOfA ME TII AARANEI AIANOMHI 
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rovr 
KEPOI 11 I ENAPKONIIH CAI IYNOXH 
9. H ENAPMONIIH ENAEIKNYTAI ODOY EINAI EDOtEAHI fIA TOYI DEAATEI 
18. NA AHt00YN YROtH RTYXEI KOINOTIKHI IYNOXHI J 
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anayntopo6. Ot Taxu6popt de: Ynqpu( EC: µnopo6v En loqc: va naphouv pq npootattu6pt:vtc: 
unqptolt<;. 
2. AIADtY=H TOY OPIIROY lAOOAIKHr KAI DPOETATEYOKENHr YDHPEEIAI 
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T11u6popt1~ Y1qp1al1 tqc; 16p1( 6tavop~c;. 
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tou. ttqv tsleutala neplnt1aq, t6v to avtlttlpevo r6lunte ta rptt~pta yta va evtaxtel 
atov 1ponun6pno topta nq x(lpa tou at6pou/opyavtopo6, nphu to taxu6popdo va 
napa6l6ttlt fta 6tavop~ otqv Taxu6poptr~ Ynqpeola, rat ta t~o6a 6tavop~c; tou nptntt va 
ano~qpltvovtat ratall~A1c;. 
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6p~ptro6 ult106 116 a6el906c ~ tuy~tptro6c; opyavtopo6c; oto l6to ~ at 6Alo 1p6toc; ptloc;. 
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6tafoptttdc; an6 ttc; Uftot6pnec; ouv~4ttc; npootauu611nec; unqpeoltc;, the ot vhc; 
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2.5 Eh ot11 ouvhua pta vta unQptola lataa1d anapaltqto 01ouElo fLa tqv nluu(11 1qc; 
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un11ptol~ '6pf1va pt tn rptt~pta nou avaftpovtaL ott\ napayp6fouc: 2.16-17 napac6tt. 
1. 6 Utt u11qpcalft nou 6£Y un6yna t otov npoo1auu61JEVO toµ ta anotEAEl, 1c; u tohou, IJIJ 
~po~1areu6pev11 un11psola tat nptnEt va naptxetaL un6 ouvt~CE\ tAt60epou avtaftvtoµo6. 
2.7 H totv61qta nptnet va oAorAqp6oEt tqv tnt(tpyaola tou optopo6 yta ti) ottp6 unqptot6v nou 
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£V6£1optv1v ra1axp~o£1v. 
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vu6r£ttat a£ ntpto6tK~ avaf£ipf)aQ. 
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nou txouv (G3optotel OE r0Lvot116 enlne6o. 
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Rpoa1a1tu6ptvt~ unqptaltc: -oupnAqp1pa1tc6 atpata 
• 
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ptloc: 116 tplto topta e1pe16lleuoqc: yta va ta1u6popqtel tav6 o'au16. 001600, 
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6t6optv1v ~ tqv tct6n1oq 11v ntptexoptv1v ertl>, ~ un6rtttat ertl rat6 r6aoto tp6ao ot 
6ta6uaal1 oou npoothu oqpanu~ a~la, nphu va avnpnHl~nat •c: 1axu6poptlo 
npoepx6pevo an6 aut~ Tq xApa. 
2.13 81 IYTlP£t•ntattl q rat4ta~q tOU 6lG(OlVOTll06 .6lGOUYOPlll06 taxu6popelou <11xu6poptlo 
nou 6lnupat06tu an6 ha rphoc: pOoc: OE 6.Uo> 01ov \HJ npootanu6pno 1opta. Itq 
auvtxeta e6v tva rp61oc: ptAoc: elvat atnttoptvo 61t au106 1ou tl6ouc: tltuftp1oq 
tv6t1stal va 8A6ttt tqv rafoAlr~ unqpeo(a, fa pnopo6ot va £fapp6oet neptoptottc6tepq 
Uoq vn6 ·u1v 11-povn6ftoq 6tt fa lploutat at avaAoyla npoc: tov at6xo cat ta dvat 
oup8at~ µe tqv tO\VOtlt~ vopoltola. ea tlvat anapaltqtq q ratttpaoq rat6lAqA1v 
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va anatto6v optoptvq ntpfo6o npooapµoy~c: yta tqv tfappoy~ tou pttpou avto6 : q av6y1q 
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6talouA~6ottv nou ta aroAou&~oEt tqv 6qpoGlEuoq tou Dp6otvou BtBAlou. 
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2. 15 Io ytyov6c; 6n 1na vaqptola anotd.el ptpoc; tqc; Uoµqc; apootanuophn uaqptoth 6Hc; 
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tptt~pta Yla tov rafoptoµ6 11v opl1v 
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u~n{ota aut6. ta tfapµootta rpit~pta yta tov 'a4optap6 tou t6pouc: t1v npootattuoptv1v 
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3. E=AitA~IIH THI IYMBATOTHTAI AOIRON AEiftEYIEOI [AI YROXPEOIEON TOI CPATOI R£AOI fl[ THN 
lOINOTIKH NOK09EtIA CAI TII DOAIIIlEI 
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(6 1ov KOlVOllr:o6 6lKa(ou KOl tvv noAltlKiv attV6<, ral nt&avQv unoxptQO€WV nou npor:6ntouv 
an6 dAAtc: oupSdotlC: ~ ouvf~K£C: nou txouv tv6£xoptvi~ unoypaftl an6 KpdTq ptAq af£ttpou. 
r1a to 01on6 aut6, q lolv6tqta nptn£l va A68£l ptpo<; otqv avdnTu~q vopoftola~ Kal 1av6vwv nou 
Ev6txttat va tnqpe6oouv tov toµta tMv 1axu6poµtlwv 1q<;. Dptn£t £noptvw<; va uno86Atl altqoq 
t6oo nqv RTE 600 ut otqv CEPT yta va anon~ott ufEodc: napatqpqt~. H DTE dvGL unqpeola 
llV Hv1µtv1v EOv6v IGl I) (OtV6tqta txet IG0£otAc: napall)Pl)l~ OtOV OHE. 
J.1 H lotv6tqta nphu va txu nepy6 av61.n(q ot pdlovud ouvUpu trlC: DTE, 6ou va 
ouplll£l atqv e(aat6ltoq aaoualac evt6oe1v peta(6 anot6ot1v 11v ouve6pl1v rat 
unoxpe6ae1v nou nqy4~ouv aa6 tqv Iuvt~rq ti)( P6pqc;, lotn~c; rotvottc~c; vopotealac; ~ t1v 
rotvottr6v noAtttciv yta ta taxu6popela. 
3.2 H IP~OI), t6tautp1( TOU 'Aptpou 25 TIJC: I6p8aoqc; ti)( DTE 6£V £(YCll or6ntpQ £vt6c; ti)<; 
lotv6tquc:. 9upeltat uapaltqtq 1J avnrcn6atao~ tou an6 lty6upo neptoptond 
pttpa, nou evto6tot( ta 6taaafqvl~ouv 6tt anayope6etat 1J uAt1~ µetafop6 taxu6poµtlou 
n6 tpho 9opta upnUlnaQ( H• an6 ha 1pho( µHoc: yta va uxu6popqt£l ut n6At 
o'avt6 e6v napa8t6~ovtat pt tov tp6no aut6 ta ano1lEtottr6 6trat6pata TIJ( taxu6poµtr~c: 
Ynqpsola~ ot av16 to rp6to~ µtAoc: t6n1c; 6qA6tq1t napan6v1 oto 2.12>. 
3.3 H Enttpon~ ottlA£l va Ent6t6(tt va anott~ott rattotic napatqpqt~ otqv nayr6oµta 
taxv6poptK~ '£v1oq <RTE>. 
3.4 ff Enttpon~ 3a 6ttpeuv~oH ut Otrl ouvhtta ta 6tatun6ott npot6o£tC: yta tqv npootaola 
tlt~6poµt(ou nou µEtaftpttal t(t an6 tqv Kotv6tqta Jl« va 1axu6poµq6£l (avd npoc au1~v 
U£ p6v~ £Ut6(1(~ TQY napdraµtq TIV lOlVOTlrAv noAlltrAv OXEltr6 µE ta ttµoA6yta (Ql ta 
KatnAQtltK6 tt~r, <SAtnE npot6ottC Otl~ Rapayp69ouc 6 ral 7 napa1611>. 
4. ~IAIPIIH lAIOIItTilOM lAI EDIXEIPH!IAKON AEITOYPfIOM 
fU! va t~ao~a>.toh( 6H ta ouµftpovta av XPr)OTh E(URf)fHT06VTOt KOT6 TOY raA6T£po Tp6no \JE 
Tcv avEp6Aqn10 1p6no µEtaxElptq~c 6A1v 11v ~optwv EK\JEtdAAtuoqc, Elvat anapal1q1f) q 6tdKptof) 
r.avovtoTtdv t:at EnlXElPfJOtadv .~tttoupyth. H avt(ap1riola Tqc ravovtottr:~c AEttoupylac Oa 
Tr)~ Er.t1pt~Et ~aA~lEpa va Entl6X£t Tr) StATtOTr) toopponla PE1a(6 61')µoolwv KQl t6tfilTtKQV ,optwv 
Erµr16~~Euoqc:, 6n~~ Kat µETa(6 •optwv napox~<; npooTatEuoµtvwv Kat µq npooTaTEuoµtvwv 
urrnptath. ea anot£Ho£t ototxdo tHrxou TIJ( onouAtoµaTtK6Tqtac av npootaHuoµtuv 
unl')ptolh, \JEtpo6p£vnc we npoc 1ouc fopdc: napox~c unl')pEoth nou 6taTqpo6v r:aA~c: nol6tqTac 
r:aOoAtr:tc unnpto(EC: rat tr.avonolo6v Tau16xpova TtC Aotntc unoxpEQO£tC 1ouc nou napouotd~ovTat 
napa.:da 011c Opor6oEtC 5, 6 Kat 8. rnptnct Enlol')c; va EntTl'JPE( Tl'JV unoxphol') T~Pl'JOl'JC tou 
£pntotEUTtt'.06 xapaKT~pa twv µqvu~6T1i1v.) E6v npoK6.Et avdyr:f), q ravovtottK~ AElToupy(a Oa 
~t!i~~-i~~-----------------------------------itt~!~1~-~-~-[1~~~t~-~rr1!~rt~-~~Q~Q~~rr1t~t_[Q!111~rrt 
EKtt!Jnott llC Ev6noptvwc anapaltf)TEC EVtpyElEC oE nEplnaoq nou fl tnl60011 unoAdnEtat uv 
unoxpdtoElllV. 
4.1 Uh: a:pho<: pHoc: nphu va 6tdhu uvovtatu6 6pyavo avtUPtrJTO an6 dh 
tntXEtpqatal~ AEttoupyla. 
4.2 ta ravOVlOttl6 6pyava E(Val unt6•uva yta llJV Efappoy~ OE EfYll6 EnlnE60 llJC: lOlVOtll~( 
noAtttr~c: yta taxu6popt1tc: unqpta(EC:, t6tatttp1c; yta tlJY. apx~ 6tt o topta( 
npoatat£uoptv1v unqptot6v nptnEt va 8plar£tat aE avaAoyla PE to ot6xo napox4<: ratoltl~( 
unqpeoloc: C6n1c: 6qA6tqrE otqv Dap6ypato 1.2 napan6v1>. 
4.3 to uvovtond 6pycno dfE rphouc; pUouc: ta tlvat unt6fuvo yu va E~aotall~u 6tt q 
ttlVtr~ vopoteala 6~A•vet aaf6\ nottc: an6 tq a£tp6 t1v 6uv6pEt npoatattuoptv1v 
vnqpecnh atQY lotv61ri1a dvu apootauu6pEYEC: 010 Eo1upu6 tlJC: xtpac:. Ot Aotntc; 
UDIJPEOlt<: ta &a1po6vtal PIJ npootatEU6pEYE(. 
4.4 To UVOVlOtU6 6pya.vo ao: E(GOtaU~u 6tt Ol Aotno( fOpdc: HIJET4UEUOIJC: npo6v ta 
a!loKAEtotu:6 6ucntiuaa nou txouv a:atoptotd 6ui touc: fopd<; napox~c: npootauuophav 
Unf]pE<Jlh . 
. ~. 5 To r.avov ton r6 6pyavo fa nptn£ l va E~cio9aAl~E l 6n o fop ta<; napox~<: npootauuophn 
UHIJPEOl'V avtanorp(v£tal Otlc; unqp£Olactc: tOU UROXPE,0£l<;, OUIJOEplAaµBavoµtvq~ tq~ loqc: 
p£T«X£{~l0t)<;. 
4. 6 To uvov tell c6 6pyavo optnu va ana t t~o£l auotqptc 6EOIJE 60£ l<; an6 tov/touc: fop El<; 
napox~<; ra&oAtr~<; unqptola<; avafoplr6 µE tov £µntot£uttr6 xapact~pa tou taxu6poµtlou. 
4. 7 To K.avovton r6 6pyavo h nptn£ t va oupftv~ou JJE tov/touc fopd<: napox~<: utoAu~<; 
unqptola<: tl El6ouc: 6toµEuoq nptntt va avaA6B£t o t£AEutalo<; avatOPtl6 µ£ llJV not6tqta 
unqp£o l h nou np6n t ta l va naphE L to ravov tot u6 6pyavo nptnt t va d val OE ftoq va 
Eyyuq~cl yta tqv a(tonto1la onotiV6~noT£ ano~£AE0µ611v yta tqv unqp£olar~ £n(6ooq nou 
6rwoou: 6ovra t. 
4.8 Bptntl va Kafoptoto6v rardAAqAa £nlnt6a 6tat6vtta<;, t6oo 6oov afopd tqv np6o8aoq oto 
6lrtuo 600 rat yta tlC 6an4vt<; nou anottAo6v tq 86oq tiV ttµ'v np6oBaoq<;. 
4. 9 Edv o toptll( napox~<; npootatE uoµhav URflp£o th OUJJJ.IE the t otov avtayn lOJ.16 nov llfl 
npoouuu6pevo mi.: ta, µnopd rt a o u:ovop u:o6<; n t tirnop u:o6c A6rou<; va naph£l 1 u: 
un~p£olcc au1t<; ptoi tou 6tr16ou ratoAtr~<: unqpEola~ nou xpqotµonottltat tnloq<; rat yta 
llC: npoaTauu6it£VE( unqpeolt<;. To uvovtattr6 6pyavo nptntt va t(aotaAlo£l 6tt 6tv 
un6pxouv 6t€nt6ot~ott<; an6 tov npnotattu611tvo otov µq npootattu6µtvo toµta. 
4. 1" To r:avovunu6 6pyavo nptn£t va t(aotaAloEt 6tt ot t6tuuol fopdc HIJEtdA.Atuoq<; <ot 
onolot tv6txttut va Splorovtat G€ av1ay1vtap6 µr tqv Taxu6po~tr~ YnqpEola otov PIJ 
~~ttAqtq_y_~_qlfq!tt_Eo1!qylc_Al2!2~t~1t~t_UQAlll~fit ___________________________________ q~!l~~-i~1 
npoota1£u6ptvo 1opta> la txouv np6oSaoq oc npootatEu6pEVEC: unqptolcc: 010 Safp6 nou ot 
l6ttttlo( fOpcl\ £lPEt6AAcuoqc: 1qv XP£t6~ov1at '01£ va naptxouv tlC: pq npoo1atcu6µcvcc: 
vnqpco(c\ nou npootfpovv. <BAtnc cnloqc: Oap6ypato 5.3 uapac6t1.> 
4.11 Ot app66t£\ apxt(, clt£ 0£ tfvtr6 tltt oc cotvottl6 cnlnc6o, qptnct va £(aotaA(~ouv 6tt 
q tfappoy~ Y£Yll~( vopoltola\ ott\ IJQ apootattu6pt¥£( unqpcol£( tou topta t1v 
ta1u6popdev 6n otdd ohe U6nnt r:at6 altpuo tp6no onotov·6~aon 116 tOU( foptl( 
t1ptt6AAeuoq( nov auppcttxouv otov avtay1vtop6 tvt6( tou pq apootattv6ptvou topta. 
REPOI II YROXPEOIEII tOPEOI RAPOXHI lAGOAIIHI YRHPEIIAI 
5. ESOKOIQIH OPOI BPOIBAIHI IE lAOOAIIR YDHPEIIA 
H tG1T!'JtQ 1.1naxdplOr)( av XPl')oth (ll£Aath> av unf)pEOlh Y£YU~( htaOf)( Kal EfOPIJOY~C: 
(Ka,oAlr~v> nptnct va ~not£Atl tov tav6va. tta nAalota autd avayv1pl~ctat r) 6nap(q 
6ta,op£ttKAv anatt~oc1v tl ptpouc: tMv neAat'v KafA\ rat o 6tatOP£tlt6<; 8af1J6( ouvcpyaola( nou 
µnopo6v va houv µc tou\ fOPE l\ napox~c: Ka~o.A t K~C: unnpco lac:. To yqov6( aut6 anouAtl tv 
µtptl ouv6ptr)OIJ tou 11eytfou(, L6talttpa 6111\ ti)( tKav6tr)ta<; npoctotpaola\ 1axu6popclou ratd 
tp6nout: nou tl val tnttdEl\ yta tl)v tax u6pop Lr~ Att toupy la tou top ta napod( r"afoA u~c: 
unqptolac:. tnltptnovta<; ttot otov t£.A£uta{o va npoottPtl £Knt,ottc;. 
5.1 Onou ot ncA6ttc; avtanorplvovtal ott( l6tcc; ouvt~rtc: taxu6p6pQOQ(, ot 6pot np6a8aaqc: yta 
tafoAtr~ unqpco(o Of£(Aouv va tlvat ol l6t£( yla 6Aouc:. 
5. 2 Uh 9optac: napox~<; ufoAu~c: unl)pco la\ aptnEL va H TE t ouµSan de; eyr:a1ao160£t<; otq 
6t6f£OQ p£t~6v1v n£Aattv. <BAtnc tuloqc: Oap6ypafo 9.3 napar6t1.> 
5. J Ot topdc: napox~c: ufoAu~c; unqptolac: uptnt t va naphouv tu; unqpcatec: auttc: tHoou 
npoc: 6Aouc; touc: 6uv611u ndht<;, u6pa r:at av ot ndhcc: auto( tv6hnat va dvat 
QY!Clf8VlOTt( TOU( OTOV Ill) npootattu6µ£VO 1oµta. 
5. 4 rta ror. vtc; 6taouvoptntc: avtaUaytc: 1JETa(6 raxv6poµL dv Ynqptoth pto1 tou 6utvo6c: 
1axu6poptro6 ouat~patoc; clvat ano6trt6 6tt utlotatat r6noto pq apty6c: cpnoptr6 
ototxdo, Aou ot dpot np6o8aoqc: yLa pla Taxu6poµtr~ Ynqpcola nou taxu6poµd oc µ(av 
6AAq va nptntt va 6taftpouv an6 1ouc: ouv6ftt<: cpnoptro6c; 6pouc;. Optnct, 1ot600 rat ot 
E(tpx61rnvcc; Taxu6pouu:tc; Ynru>tolf:c; va txouv np6o8aoq 1c: ntUttc; 01qv crx•pta ufoAu~ 
unqpso{a tqc; ElOEPl~PEYIJC: Taxu6poptr~c; Ynqptolac;. H np6o8aoq aut~ fa npayµa1onot£ltat 
un6 6pouc; (6touc: UE auto6c: t1v AotnAv napcpftp6v xpqo16v. 
5.5 Ot 6pot taxu6p6pl)9QC:, ra 1tpo~6yta !ouµncptAaµSavoµtv1v 11v ouv~a1v crnt6oc1v> rat ot 
unqptotalol ot61ol yta tqv KatoAtl~ unqptola va 6q~ootonoto6vtat. 
'· tYtXETIENOt TIMOAOfION rIA KA90Al[ff YRHPEIIA RPOI TII "ErEr AARAIEI 
lauuhvt~p ta apx~ nptnu va anoah l o ouou ttot16<: av ll IJOAoy l n np.oc; to t1too K6cnoc:. H 
ouun~c; £tGPIJOY~ tl)c; apx~c; aut~c; d vat q uUapq qy6qoq tQ<: XPIJIJGTOO L KOVOtJ ll~<: £ upttot lac; 
tttv taxu6p01Jlkiv unqp£ot,v. fla tqv t~aot6Atof) lone; 1J£taxtlptoqc; yta 6Aouc;, nptn£t va 
£AOXlOtOQOlf)&o6v (Ql va Katapyqto6v ota6tar6 Ol 6t£nt6otijO£l<;, £(T£ µ£ta(6 UDl)PEOl,V, £lt£, 
A6y1 undouv, an6 1J la oµ66a ndadv 0£ UAq. < Hu:oAoufo6v, 1ot600, va £n t tptnovta L o t 
yuypatutc; 6t£nt601~oeu;.> H noAttU:~ undouv dvat t6tatttpttc; OIJIJOVTLK~ nptntt, £V 
yhtt, va ouvapdvta l IJE tf)v e(o l uv6pqoQ 6anavh < nou 1Jnopd va ntpt Aa1JShEl n£p t Kontc; oto 
r6otoc; av6 1JOV66a nou txouv £ntA&tt an6 au(~oEtc; tou 6yrou tpyaot•v. 
6.1 ta ttpoA6yta yta tqv rafoAtl~ unqpeola ottlAouv va Splorovtat OE 01ev6 ouoxEttop6 npoc; 
ttc; 6andvec;. It6xoc; eCvat ta ttpoA6yta 1qc; Erdotote unqpEolac; va Saol(ovtat 010 ptoo 
c601oc; tqc; unqptolac; aut~c; •. ta npottpqotar6 ttpoA6yta nptnet touA6xtotov va raA6ntouv 
ttc; optartc; 6andvec;. 
6.2 Eh lptfo6v anGpaltqac; ot nt6ot~aEu:, nptnEl va udpxEL 6tath£La 1c; npoc; touc; 
at6xouc;, tqv a~la rat to ne6to stapporn~ 1ou~. 
6.3 Ta npotlpl)otar6 TtpoA6yta, edv 6ttatoAoyo6vtat, nptnet va naptxovtal ratd 6tatav~ tp6no 
ae 6Aouc ~ouc xp~at£c; nou 6tatttouv ta anapaltqta npoo6vta, av£(ap1~t1c; 1qc; x•pac; atqv 
on~la tuelorovtat. 
6. 4 Aun l 6ot~au c; an6 npoonin:u6ptvE<: GE IJIJ npoa1au u61J£VE<: unqp£ol £<:, ratd rav6va 6ev 
dvat ano6tntc;. Oat6oo, pnopo6v va tnt1pano6v 6ttnt601~0£tc; OE yuypattdc; ntptoxtc; 
6att va y(vtt 6uvat~ t'J perequation tarifaire (1tµ0Aoytal~ E(loaaq> <BA. otn ~uvtxtta, 
nap6ypato 6.5> uOc; nt an6 tov 1.111 npoatauu6µno otov npootauu611evo topta. ea 
pnopo6oav ER l Ot'JC va und.p(ouv 6 t £n t601~0£t c; an6 tov npootan: u6pevo a1ov '1t'J 
npoornttu6µtvo topta Eh ~tav anapaltf)ttc; yta HJY t(aotlzAtoq TIJ<: utoAu:~c; unnptolac; 
rac cdv ~tav ou~Battc; pt to~c; rav6vrc; av1ayMvtopo6 <BA. napardta, napdypato 6.6). 
6.5 Ot YE~ypaftrtc; 6t~nt6ot~ottc; Enttptnovtat £6v tlvat anapaltt')tEc; yta lt'JY £fapµoy~ 
tvtalou Tl~oAoy(ou yta ~la El6tr~ unqptola, 6nou aut~ I] ttpoAoytar~ t(loaon fteptltal 
tnlh1Jf)l~. 
(lt4!q~2_1_~_n1tq1lt_tnllq1tt_~!q!q~tn1l1t_Rq!111!dt ___________________________________ q1!llq_l~! 
6.6 Elvat nttav6 q napox~ optoptvev unoxpE•ttc6v, pq npootattuoptv1v unqptot6v ot optoptvt~ 
fHfPGttdc: nEptoxtc: va tlvu ~qptorha. Itqv AEplneaq aut~, ot {qph:c: nptnu va 
n£ptop(~ovtat at et6t1tc: 1tptoxtc: 1at ta pnopo6oav va xpqpato6otqfo6v e(t£ pt 
tnt601~0£t( an6 t(1, elte p£ 6t£nt661qaq. Au106 1ou £l6ou( q 1pqpa10661qaq anat1£l1at 
va dvat 1l6p1( 6tatav~( tan va anot£6ynat onota6~101£ attpuq ttpol6yqaq an6 tov 
fopta napox~( tq( unoxp111tc~(, pq npoo1ateu6pevq( unqpeola(. 
6. 7 Ot nadot:t( nou uphovtat H 1ut~ovs( aeUuc; Couv6f1( havn tQ( 1ponotpao(a( 
taxu6popelou nou elvat ae ttoq va aval68ouv> otov npoo1a1tv6ptvo <pq av1ay1vtottc6> 
1opta, nptllet va avvap16vtal, ev ytvet, pt tl( e~otrovo116a£l( 6aaav6v 1ou fa anocop(aet 
o toptac: napox~( TIJ( unqpeala(. Ot taxu6poputc; YnqpEOh( nphu va anotdyouv 1qv 
napox~ ae ndhec: utoAu6c: unqpeolac: undouv 1ou 6n avv6tonat pe e~ouov6poq 
6navh. Dphet va anot6youv 1qv eyypaf~ oe 06118aoq a6v6taqc; pna(6 11v 6p1Y fll 1q 
xp~GIJ utolu~c: unqptolcu; lCll tlY 6ptv yu. ti) lPhll pq upootcntuoptvn, pq uaoxpundv 
UOl)ptoth~ 
6. 8 16 tu dp1c: npottJUJOlad ~ 61pdv npoA6yul 1c; HotUtap..a ru8epvqu dv anotdaHv <6Hc; 
yta neptat6attc; 6tavop~c; 6qpootoypaftro6 uAtro6 rat 8t8l(1v, £1Aoyt106 1axu6popelou cat 
taxv6popelou tutAAv> n~tntt va anottAo6v avttr£lptvo 6tatavo6c; pe1axelptaqc:. 
7. ADOZHMI~IH METAEY TOI YRHPEIIOI ANAAOfA ME TII AAHANEI AIANOKHI 
Ta too6a Gn~ TtC ~axu6poµtrtc anootoAtc rata86AAovtat otov fopta £rµ£t4AA£uoqc; nou 
ntptouAHy£t TO taxu6pOiJtr:6 u1tr6. ttqv n£p(nuon 6taouvoptaro6 taxu6poµdou nou 
r.tpt~uA..Aty£tat an6 µla Taxu6poµtr~ Ynqp£o{a rat 6tavtµ£tat an6 dAAn, ta too6a an6 tov n£Adtq 
£tonp6ttovtat an6 tqv unqp£o(a E(tpxoµtvou taxu6poµ£Cou. Iqµavttr6 µtpoc, wot6oo, twv 6anav'v 
8'lp6\•ouv H}V unqpto la Et o£pxoµhou 1axu6poµd ou rntd Hl 6t avoµ~ 1ou. Ana t H C 1a t Enoµhwc 
K6noto o6otqµa xptwoqc; yta tqv napox~ xpqµatootrovoµtr~c ano~qµ(wonc otqv unqp£o(a 6tavoµ~c 
yta ttC 6an6vEc; 6tavoµ~c ottc; ono(EC tx£t uno8Aq&£l. 
Ta Uftot6µ£va ouot~µata XP£,o£wv µEta(6 Taxu6poµtK'v YnQp£ot'v Cta A£y6µtva rataAqrttrd ttAq) 
6tv Baol~£tat OE 6an6v£c;, µ£ ano1H£oµa va rataMytt ot or11Javttdc; napaµopf,OEtC 1JEta(6 trl<: 
ano~qiJ(wonc rat twv npayµattr'v 6anav'v 6tavoµ~c nou txouv rata8Aq&tl. I10 0601n11a 
xpqpatootrovoµtr~c ano~nµlwonc µoa(6 Taxu6poludv Ynru>Eoth nptntt va tox6o£t n l6ta apx~ 
TQ~ t6pa~nc twv ttµoAoy(wv En( twv 6anav,v. 
7 .1 Ta lUq 11ao~qp(1a1Jc: pnaU taxu6popuh Ynqp£oth fla TIJY aUqAo6tavop~ tou 
taxu6po~tro6 touc; uAtro6 <rataAqrttcd ttAq> Oft(Aouv va t(val av6Aoya npoc; tlC 
npay~attKtc 6andvec ELo66ou. 
7.2 At6oµtvou 6tl ta tl~oA6yta to11tptro6 fa ouvaptq~o6v µe TLC 6andvtc, 1a ttAq 
ano~qpl1oqc: Taxu6poptc6v Ynqpeot6v ot£lAouv va Saol~ovtat 01qv avaAoyla t1v ttp0Aoyl1v 
eo11tptco6 01q 6tavop~, 11£ r6noto oupnA~p1pa y1a 1qv anapaltqtq t6talt£pq 6taclvqoq cat 
YlG dp6oc:. 
7.3 Dphu va ovatqhl op66a cpyaalac; yu1 va nponotp6ou 1q 16oq yta ha avatupqpho 
ap6ypappa ano~qpl6oe1v nov ta efappoatcl 01qv lotv61qta. H op66~ nptn£t va napouot6o£t 
tlc; 1po16a£lc; 1qc; 0£ 1p0Yl16 6l4atqpa 666cca pqv6v an6 1q 0601ao~ 1qc;. 
7.4 Rptnet va Kata8Aqfo6v npoon6fttec; yta va cne11at£l rat 0€ 6AAtc; unqp£ol£c; pe ttc; onoltc: 
av11ll6GO£tGl TGXU6popclo q IOlVOtll~ apx~ tQC: t6paoqc; tlV 6tunqpeotar6v 6tGlGYOVlOP6Y 
yta ttc; ano~qpt6ottc; eol 11v 6anav6v. Ot npoon6ftt£C: au1tc: pnopo6v va 6tc~axto6v cv16c: 
11v nAatolev _tqc; DTE 1at 11v apx6v tQC: Eup1natr~c: At6oretnc: raxv6popel1v rat 
TqAtnllOlVIVltV (CEPT>. 
8. YRHPEIIAU IPOTYUA ru THI IAPYIH IAI IHI RAPUOAOYOH>:H 
YRHPEIUI THI EDIAO>:HI THI U80AUHI 
H 6tKatoA6yqoQ tQ\ r.a~ttpvoqc: O£lP~C: npootattuoµtviv unqptot~v Saol~tTat 01nv rotvvvtrn 
anal1oori yta napox~ r:a~oAu:~c: unopulac;. H npayuattrn tnl6ooq av unqptoth dvat tnoptv11c: 
ano,aotoTLKnc: onµaatac yta rq 6taot6AtoQ 11v rotvivtriv anatTnotwv. fiptntl tnoµtv11c va tt!o6v 
np6tuna, va napaKoAouftltat q tnl6ooq Kat va tonof£tqfo6v ouot~µaTa tAtyxou. 'Extt onuao(a va 
Ol'}PE u1~d 6tt auTo6 rou £l 6ou<: Ta npotuna op ( ~ouv an Uc ra £Ah tat a tn ( nt6a -o l fopd <: 
napox~( Ka~OAtK~C unqptolac nptn£t va ouvtxloouv va tnt6t,Kouv v•nA6ttP£C Ent66ottc. 
8.1 Dptuu va rEtoh rotvoHd unqp£otad nphuna yta unnptolt<: yu TL<: onoltC: un4px£l 
ra&optoptvq ot e::otvotLd tnln£6o vnoxphaq napox~c ufoAu:~c: unqptolac. H £nl60011 
nptn£l va napae::oAou4Eltat, t6oo yta etvtr6 600 cat yta 6tarotvottt::6 taxu6poµtlo, rat ta 
anoTtAtopata nptntt va 6q~oatt6ovtat. 
8. 2 Ta q>hq 11Hn nptntt va anotao(oouv ratd n6oov aa un6p(ouv Ehl d np6tuna yta to 
1axu6popdo rta to ooolo txu optotd OE thu6 tnlnt6o (Kat ntpa an6 Tov a:otvotta:6 
opt op6 > unoxphoq y ta ca1'oAu~ unqp£o la. Eh ana llqf d, ono t ao~nott ra0ltpt1µha at 
t&vtr6 tnlne6o np6tuna nou 6taf~pouv an6 aut6 nou txouv ra4optottl OE rotvottr6 £nlnt6o 
nptnEt ouAAoytr6 va Elvat anattl')ttl6ttpa an6 ta rotvottr6 np6tuna. 
8.3 fta tqv raOttp~on t1v rotvottltv npot6ntv nptnEl n Enttpon~ va ouot~OEl µta oµ66a 
Epyaolac; 6nou fa unpoa1nohtat ta rphq pUq. H op66a fa xpuaahl p(a auploM an6 
putptott1tc; apxtc;, tope(c; napox~c; npoatatEuo11tv1v unqpeat6v, xp~atec; 16aet aup86ae1v 
nou txouv ouvatfel rat catavalett~. 
8.4 Ta op6tuna yu tqv vaqpeatn~ ul6ooq aphu va elvat auotqp6 aU6 nud~tpa. ea 
laatato6v otov 1otvott16 optap6 tqc; rafoAtr~c; vnqpealac;. To6to dnatte( neptovlAoy~ an6 
6AG ta ypappatort86tla ral ttc; fupl6ec; toul6xtatov pla fOpt 16te epy6atpq qptpa, rat6c; 
ral 16Autq yta A6youc; 6tavop~c; 6l1v t•v 6teut6voe1v tou16xtotov pla fop6 16te epy6olpq 
rn1tpa. Eh un6p~ouv e~uptouc; atq ynu~ an~ analtqaq ta aptnu va apor6ntovv an6 
arpalec neptnt6oetc; rat nptnet va £~£t6~ovtat pe pey6Aq npooox~. 
8.5 ff lotvhqtu nphu va 6tathu ntalo o6otqpa yltl tl]V HparoAo6fqoq ti)( nl6ooqc; tlY 
vnqpeotAv 6tavoµ~c;. To o6otl]pa aut6 nptnet va petp6 TIJY enl6oaq •an6 61po El( 61pov• 
uu6~ aut6 El VCll to p6vo a6atl}l.IQ YlG Tl)Y HPll~ phpl)GI] TIY epnupth DOU hovv Ol 
n£A6ttC gn6 tqv ~nqpeola. 
8.6 'Onoij ~ u,tat4pevq unqpeola unolelnetat oqpavttr4 an6 to enttupqt6 np61uno, ta une6tuva 
iavovtott16 6pyava yta ti] 6taot6Atoq tqc; ernl~p1oqc; t1v unoxpe6oe1v nov txouv avaA68Et 
ot fopd~ uµn4Ueuoqc; fa anauqhl va ftaouv EV6taptoouc; ot6xouc; npo66ou npoc; TIJY 
1att6fuvoq tou npot6nov. 
8.7 ltt£ EfVl~6 [aVOVlGTlK6 6pyavo nptnEl va tXEl tq ouv6poµ~ EDLtpon~c; DOU EIRPOOIDEl TOU( 
xp~oH~. Ta 1.1Ur, tr)~ tnt tpon~c; nptnEt va npotpxonaL an6 avunpoo1neutu6 6El YIJCl 
xpar6v, oupntptAa~Sovoµtv1v iat trnpoo6n1v t1v 1at«vaA1t6v. 
8. 8 np6n•oa !J£ oappoy~ ai 6AI) tr)V lot v6tl)ta anauo6vta l n (oqc; npoc; 6tdoc; tou ndhl), 
L6LalTtp1( TO µtytOTO ano6Ert6 xpovtr6 6t4atqpa YLQ TIJY QYlllJET6RLOI) EplT~OEIV ~ 
napon6vtv. Ev6h£Tat YCl ODOltl)t-Oh 6tOfOPetld np6tuna YlCl Efvt16 lat 6tUOLYOtll6 
raxu6popt{o. 
MEPO[ III ENAPMOlltH KAI EYNOXH 
9. H EHAPROKIIH EKAEillYTAI OOOY EINAI EDOtEAHE fIA TOYI REAATEI 
'Oao TilO ar.16 E(VOl TO 6tEAoc yla TOV !CO'tQVQAttT~ 1600 toxup6t£pa ElVOL ta ETilXElP~IJQTQ vntp 
HlC Evapµ6vlonc. To oa,toupa otOn talvernt 6tt ~a npor6touv an6 optoµtvn Evapµ6vton av 
6pjv np6oBaonc Kat cn6 £vapu6v1on tMv unqpEotarAv npot6nwv ra~'c rat rnc naparoAo6~nonc 1nc 
enl6ooqc; <nEptypdtetat napandv1 otqv Rp6taoq 8>. Itov npootat£u6pEvo topta, edv ta ottlq ti')<: 
nap116vta11c; fupqfoh ucavonou1ud pqtila, q tfapuoy~ trJ<: ev6hetat va h£l u6pa ut 
unoxpettlt~ tox6· otov pq npootat£u6pevo topta pnopel anl•<: va txet tqv tox6 o6otaoqc;. 
9.1 H lotv6tQta optnst va svtapp6v£t to 1at6AAqlo snlns6o svapp6vtaqc; nou fa 8sAtt6aat tqv 
unqpeala rat fa 8oqt~a£t tov 6uv4p£t n£A6tq. 
9. 2 Ot 6pot np6o8aaq'= yu tq xp~oq tqc; HfoAu~c; unqptolac; tn Iaxu6po_1ndv Ynqp£Gth tqc; 
lotv6tqtac; nptntt va e~opot1to6v cat6 to 6uvat6v. 
9.3 'OAec; ot Taxu6popt1tc; Ynqpsolsc; tqc; lotv61q1ac; optnet va npoaftpouv oup86ostc; np6o8aoqc;. 
ae 1afoltK~ vnqpea(a au6 pel~ovec; 1p6atec;. ea un6pxet pla Elaxlatq, rotv~ ae 6Asc; ttc; 
Taxu6f>o1udc; Ynqpeolsc;, oup6 aup8atuh 6ptv nov ta elvat 6taftotpot O£ 6uv611u 
ouplattKo6c; xp~otec;. E66 ta neptlap86vovtat rat erntiott<: yta npo6taloy~. H rllpara t1v 
trnt6oc1v ta notr(lAet peta~6 t1v taxu6poptr•v Ynqpeot•v. 
9. 4 H 6t6pfptaq tav n110Aoyl1v aphu va 6 tepeuvqh l un6 to nplapa tqc; peyaAhepqc; 
etopo(to~c; touc;. 
9. 5 H lot v6tqta fa 6upeuv~ou rad n6oov ta ~tav n1teMc; peyal6upq opotopoptla tou 
ovat~~atoc; 6taAoy~c;. <Eal tou nap6vtoc; optaptvec; unqp£olec; AEttoupyo6v 86oEt 6t6rptoqc; 
upuxoµhtv µnaU ntatoUv cat nt6D1v, Ult<: Uau 6lhptaqc: taxhqta<: pnaU 
np,TQC: cal 6£6t£Pl'JC: rA6aqc;. 
9.6 H tnttuµqt~ Atttoupytc~ EYapp6vloq auvapt6tal PE tQY analtqoq yta 8aotK~ 
6tGA£lTOUPYlC6tqta. Anatt£ltal OVPflYla ER( oploptv1v tEXVlr•v npot6n1v (l6yov x6pq YlG 
tqv taxv6poptr~ unqpeola ql£rtpovtro6 taxu6poµelou ~ yta ltttovpytr6 auot~pata 
pa860116lr1v> PE oron6 tq 8£Atl1oq tqc; E~unqpttqaqc;. 
9. 7 Dphu va ouotqh( op66a tpyaotac: yta va aval6o£l not6 Ev6n611Eva phpa napp6vtaqc; 
elvat dtt anapdtl')ta dtt £nttu1u1t6. H op66a epyaolac; ta hu av6yrq oup8oul6v an6 
unpoahou( xpqoth < aupntptlap8avophtv t11v ernpoohtv ttv ratavaAnh >, t6ut uofu: 
fopelc: El~Et6AAeuoqc; cal Taxu6poptrtc: Ynqpeole(. 
11. BTYXII lOIIOTilHI IYNOXHI ROY DPOlEITAI IA AHt80YI YD' OtH 
Kot v6tr)ta( tv6<: anouA.:opat uo6 toph taxu6pop£ l1v, o ono lo<: va ananoicp l vna t opU Ott( 
taxu6poptKt( av6yice( tou ouv6Aou tr)( Kotv6trita(. Ot neptoo6t£P£<: an6 tt<: anapaltqt£( 
8£Att6ael( pnopo6v va entteuxfo6v pe 8£Atl1oq tq( 6taxelptaq(. ea anattqfo6v n6vt1( opto~tve<: 
icetaAau1d<: nn66oet( nou, t6tat dpt( Ott( At y6upo euvo1111h£( neptoxt(, fa ouvu6yonat 
oqpavttic6 6qpootovoptc6 86po(. 
11.1 8£Pllttp1 cpyaolc( ta 1atoploouv tqv 11pll~ 1llpa1a t1v ev6£l1vuoptv1v Ol1ovopl16v Ill 
6qpoatOYOIH dv ICGteUt6YOUY IYGfOpu6 J,1£ tqY nlaxuaq tQ( ouovopu~c; Ill (Ol VIYU~( 
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lil~A2I2t_Ri2ieln~~l!~-----------~----------------------------------------------------q~!1~i-f~! 
1. Eatac6nqaq t1v unqpcot6v taxu6popclou 
2. Etattott16 ototxela tou topta t1v ta1u6popel1v 
l. Ta1v6popt1t( Acttoupyle( cat ta1u6popt16 6lrtua 
4. I6votq vopotcat6v ota 1p6tq ptAq 
S. lotvott16 rclpcva ncpl unqpcat6v taxu6popclou 
'· t6plaaq DTE -8GOll6 6ptpa 
7. Dot6tqta nap116pcv1v unqpcot6v 
8. lataAqcttc4 ttAq 
9. Avat11v6p6pqaq 
11. ·[16t1ol aptfpol fopt1v taxu6popt1~( 11pct6AA1uoq( 
11. Btopqxavla c(onAtopo6 taxu6popcl1v 
12. Ynqpcala qA11tpovt106 taxu6popclou 
13. RoALtLottc6 taxu6pop1lo 
14. TtpoAoytar6 ttpata 
15. Ev6ocotvottr6 taxu6popclo 
16. E~ttaaq 1pttqpl1v yta tov catoptap6 tou npoatatcu6pcvou topta 
rAOttAPIO 

DAPAPTHIA 1 : EDIIlODHIH TOI YDHPEIIOI TAXY&POREIOY 
1 . EI urorH 
Ot unqpeo(e( nou naphouv ta taxu6po11da neptAa11Shouv tt( unqpeole( taxu6p6JJ1JOIJ( 
<naptxovtat t6oo an6 tou( 6q116otou( 600 Kat an6 tou( t6lltlK06( topel( taxu6pOJJlK~( 
u11nUA£UOI)() KGl tl( XPIJIJGtOOlKOVOIJ l Kt( unqpto ( £( ( naphov"ta l an6 tl ( Ynl)p£o l£( 
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to661V TOU OUf UICP llJhOU TOIJh td Otl( XPIJIJG'tOO l ICOVOIJ ut( taxu6pC)i.I l Kt( UDf)p£0 ( £( to 2n 
<ou11neptAa118avo11tv1v t•v eo661v ouvaAAayAv an6 taxu6p01JlKt( 6ttuKoA6voel( Kat ta too6a an6 
6 thopt( UAt( unqpeol £( >. r ta tt ( Ynqpeo l £( Taxu6po11d ou o A6yoc: uv eo661v 11naH uv 
XPIJIJGTOOlKOV01JllC6V unqpeotAY ICOl TIY unqptolAV taxu6p61Jl)OI)( avtpxetal 0£ 67 npoc: 33. 
To Dp6otvo BtlAlo entKtvtpAvtl to ev6taftpov tou ott( unqpeolec: taxu6p6pqoq(. Ot avtlotOlXt( 
XPf)IJGTOOlKOYO~lKt( unqpeole( ta nptnel va £~£TO~OVTQl ouvoAtr6tepa OTO nAaloto TOU 
xpqpaTootKOVOIJlK06 Topta. EntnAtov 6tantot6V£Tal 6tt ta KavovtottK6 ftµata nou atopo6v tl)V 
taxu6p61Jf)OIJ elvat noAunAoK6Tepa. EvTo6totc: J.1£ to nap6v napdptf)IJG tnt6t6reTat va raAutto6v 
euphc: a11t6tept( o l KaTqyop ( £( uv napn611n1v nxu6po1a dv unqpeo th nA nap6AAqAa ot6xo 
tou anoteAel q entoK6nqoq t1v ouvat6v unqptot•v. 
2. YIHPEIIEI TAXYAPOMHIHI 
2. 1 OPIIllOI 
Yn6pxouv 1pet( Katqyoplec: unqp£ot6v taxu6p6pqoq(, yta tnto10Atc:, 6tpa1a Kat 
Katenelyovta. Mtta~6 t1v ev A6y1 unQptotAv napatqpo6vtat noAAanAtc: aAAqAtntKaA6t£t(. 
H 6 thp l oq pnaU tn l otoAh Kat 6£pduv y l vna l 6Hott 1J£ yv6pova to 86poc: < ouxva •c: 
6pl0 Katopl~etal OX£TlK4 autalpeta TO 84poc: tlV 2 Kg, KQl 4AAote 840El TOU 
ntp l uo11hou < tuphta( 6tt o t tn l OTOH( ntp l houv IJIJV6µna Ka l ta 6tpata 
eµnope6µna>. l:tt( unqpeolec: KaT£n£ty6vuv av~rouv t6oo ot Kat£nelyouoec: entotoHc: 
<tyypata> 600 Kat ta Katendyovta 6tµata <nuha>. H 6tafopa an6 Tl( avtlototH( 
Kavov t Ktc: unqpeo l EC: tn totoAh Ka l 6tµhn tyu l tat npn l ouc: otqv tax6tqta Kat TIJV 
a(lORlOt(a. 
2.2 tOPEII RAPOXHI YDHPEIIOI 
ERIITOAEI 
Iuv~h\ o t taxu6poµ u:t( Ynl)pto l EC: 6 taH touv to anod£t ott K6 µovonO lo av tn lOloUv. 
'Ont~ ~61) ava,tpfl)K£ Oto KUp(1( K£(µ£VO OPLOIJtVOL t6ltllKO( tOP£l~ £KIJ£TdAA£UOI)( 
naptxouv QYtaytVlOllKt~ unnp£O(£~ OlOV toµta aut6 aAAOlE v6µtµa KGl OAAOlE OXL. K£lQ~U 
au th ouyutaAtyona t ot aott Ktc: t6 lttl Ktc: Taxu6poµ t Kt~ Ynl)pto l £(, o t avtaHaytc: 
EYYPCttv Kat n avalaxu6p6µqoq -SAtnt napaypafo 2.5. 
Ol taxu6poµuct~ Ynr)pEol£(, 6oov afopa HC: tntotoAtdc: unr)ptole~ taxu6p6µFJOIJ~ nou 
npooftpouv, 6taKp(vouv to taxu6poµelo OE 660 tntxetpl)otartc: KaTqyoplec:. IE evvta an6 
Ta KPCll) µHr) Ol 660 KOTIJYOPl£( £lvat Qftv6~ £fllOtOH( KQL 6£Atapta (nou OUXVQ 
avatlpovtal I~ LC an6 Tr) yaHlK~ htpaoq nLettres et Cartes") KQL at£Ttpou tVluna KOL 
IJlKpo6tµata Cnou ouxva avattpovtal t( AO -an6 lr) yaAALK~ tKfpaor) nAutres objetsn). OL 
TPEL( Taxu6poiHa:t~ Ynl')ptolt~ Tl'J~ Aavlac:, trJC: nopToyaAlac: Kat tou Hvtµtvou BaotAdou 
6tuplvouv 0£ nphq rat 6£6ttpq KAGoq To taxu6poµclo touc: 84o£L TIJ( taX6tl')ta( ~ TIJ~ 
npoTtpat6tqta~. H t£A£uTala ttv 6tarp{oEtv auTAv avtLKaTonTpl~£t ntot6TEpa TL( 
AtlTOUPYlKt( 6andvt~ KQl EV6exoµtvt( Tl~ npOTllJ~OEl( TtV KQtavaAttAv. 
Ol ntploo6t£P£C t1v Taxu6poµLK6v Ynnp£oliv npoottpouv 6l£UKoA6vo£lC oto nAalolo 
ou1.186ouv nou Ent tptnouv otouc: n£Ah£( IJ£Y4ArJC: KAliiara\ va £nMJJL03o6v ptpouc TrJC: 
OlaOlkOOlac TQXU6p6µqoqc:. <XapaKTIJPlOTlkd napa6£lyµata 6paOTrJPlOT~TIV TOU £l6ouc: auto6 
anotdo6v n npo6laAoy~ nou ouven6y£tat ouµµttox~ OTIJ 6ta6tKao(a 6taAoy~c: npl v tnv 
taxu6p6µqoq 1at 1J ouo1euaola.> Optoµtv£( t1v Taxu6poµtK6v Ynqp£ot6v £nttptnouv £nlonc: 
0£ tpltouc: va ftpouv 0£ ntpac: av4Aoy£\ 6paotqpt6tqt£\ £( ov6µatoc t1v n£Aat6v. 
EnlnAtov, yta 10 6tafqµto1t16 taxu6poµe(o npoSAtnetal KOl o·Kafaut6 npoetotµao(a tou 
an6 £l6lK£uµtvouc: 1p(1ouc: top£((. 
6EKATA 
Ot unqpeol£( 6eµ6t1v afopo6v ouv~fl( TIJ µe1afop6 eµnopeuµ611v 86pouc tic: Yla 
napUu yµa 31 kg. 001600 o l µnafopd \ 6£µ6uv, ouµnep t AaµSavoµhtv Ka l op toµhtv 
Taxu6po11 l dv Ynqpeo th, avaAaµ86vouv nUov noA6 11eraA6upa to pt la ta ono la 
OUOK£U6~ovtal 0£ naAt1£(. Ol µ£1QfOp£(( 6£µ611v ouv~fl( npooftpouv O'tr)V R£AOt£la TOU( 
6uva16tqta entAoy~( 6oov afop6 ti)( tax6tqtac: 6lavoµ~(. 
Ot unqpeolec: 1ou £l6ouc: auto6 naphovtat un6 uhod( eA£6ttpou avtay1Vto1106. I£ 6la 
ta Kp6tq µtAq £Kt6( an6 660 ot Taxu6poµt1t( Ynqpeo(£( ouµµettxouv otov avtay1vtoµ6 TO\ 
ayop6( 6eµ6t1v to<: xApac touc:. 
KATEDEirONTA 
Kat6 1av6va q e(unqpttqoq 11v 1at£n£ty6vt1v £nttuyxdvetat un6 Kateot6c £A£6f£pou 
avtay1vtoµo6. <M6vo os tp{a an6 ta rpdtq µtAq £~aroAouto6v ot Taxu6poµtKf<: Ynqpto{t\ 
va 6tatqpo6v 10 µovon•Ato t1v unqptotAv aut6v>. Dapa1qp£ltat 6tt ot opyavto11ol 
KQT£R£ly6v11v 1£lvouv va £0lK£Vtp,vouv 10 £V6taftpov TOU( 0£ R£Plt£P£taKt(, £fVlKt( ~ 
6taouvopta1tc: unqpeolec:. DapdAAqAa undpxet Kdnota £(£t6lKeuoq µe1a(6 1nc: Kat£ntlyouoac: 
6taxl vqoqc: £YYPQflV nou anotdo6v taxu6poµ t d en el yovta µqv6pata Ka l ta •pq tyypatan 
nou ano1tA06v 1a1enelyov1a 6tµata nou ntpttxouv eµnopt6µata. 
2.3 EtAPllOfEI 
Ot £nunoUc: KOL ta Katentlyona evtdooovtat OTLC unqp£ol£\ £nlKOtv1vth. <Oc: EK 
to6tou evaHantrtc A6o£L( ano1£Ao6v ta trJAhna, ot ououutc: TrJAEOIJOtotunlac: Kal Ol 
µUo6ol f)AEKTPOVlK~( µeta8l8aof)<; 6£601Jtv1V nou avtaynl~OVTQl ht!JEOO Tl\ unqpEO(E\ 
taxu6po1.1£lou.) Ta 6hata Kal ta raunelyovta naptxouv unqp£ol£\ 6tadvnofl\ 
eµnopeupdav ( £vaHuu de: A6ot t<; anou>.o6v otf)v ntp l naon au1n dHa £l6o unqpEo th 
6lGV01J~<;). 
ntpav TIV avntp1 Y£VlkOT~tllV 4a 6(t~E va QVQf£pto6v 6~o lOlalT£P£\ £fQPIJOytc; OTO 
Of)IJE(O aut6 : f) 1.1tto60( taxu6poµtk6V n1A~O£IV YlQ TO 6l4~EOf) TIV EIJOOPEUIJ4TIV OlOU\ 
ntAdt£\ 1.1to1 TOU taxu6pOIJElou Katd Tf)V onola XPf)OllJOOOl06VlOl Ol UTif)P£0l£<; TIV 6EIJ4TIV 
YlQ Tf) OlQVOIJn TIV EJJnOPEVIJhlY Kal f) xpnof) TtlV tn lOTOAl dv UTif)PEOth EK µtpou( HtV 
6lOtQIJlOtiv YlO Tf)V anoOTOA~ TOU 6laff)IJlOTlK06 UAlK06. 
2.4 IYMDAHPOMATIKEI EOIITOAllEI YRHPEIIEI 
MoAov6il 6A£( Ol unqptoltc: ttlvouv va xapaKtf)pl~ovtal an6 £AaottK6tqta nou va 
tnltptn£l Tr)V npooapµoy~ TOU\ OTlC: avUyK£( TIV n£Aat6v IJEY6An<; KA(IJOKO\ Ol £0tOTOAlKt\ 
unf)pto(£( nou naphouv Ol Taxu6p01Jld<; Ynf)ptO(£<; avnKOUV OE t6talTEPE\ KOTrJYOplt\ 
IJETOH HtV ODO (IV OUyKataAtyovta l opt oµtvt<; t 6 ta l T£PfJ<: VOIJ l rnc: Of)!JaO {a(. Ev6noµtVfl( 
Ol Of)IJOVTtK6tEPE\ £(val Ol £~nc : 
taxu6poµtro( o6rrot an£uf£(a( anootoA~( <nou tvlott anoraAo6vtat o6rrot M> yta tqv 
anootoA~ ouyrtrptptvq( noo6tqta( tvt6n1v oe Kafoptoptvo napaA~ntq, 
ot taxu6poptrt( fupl6£( <nou ta Taxu6poptK6 cataot~pata ptof6vouv ot ntA6TtC: yta 
tqv napaAa8~ TIV Taxu6pop£l1v touc:>, 
noot peot6vt <pt tq 6tat~pqoq Yla ouyK£Kptptvo xpovtK6 6t6otqpa at tva taxu6poptK6 
Kat6otqpa tQC: allqloypatla( £v6t£l tQC: neptoulloy~c: tQC:· an6 tov avaftp6pevo 
napaMntq>. 
2.5 AAAEI YRHPEIIEI TAXYAPOKHIHI 
nap6AAqla 6pxto£ q av6ntu~q Kal optoptv1v 6AA1v unqpeot6v. Ev ytvtl Ol vtec: unqpeolec: 
naptxovtal un6 KateoT6C: tlt6tepou avTay1vtopo6. H ttoq oploptv1v an6 tlC: avattPftloec: 
unqpu l £( an6 vop l K~ non t4 u l t6 la l apa tQC: avataxu6p611qoqc: anoah l avu u l pevo 
ouUTqoqc:. E~uolouf£ l q napox~ op lophtv unqpeo th 6n1c: tou aou u6 taxu6poptlou 
polov6tl f£1po6vtat nap6vopec: <ert6C: tQC: Ionavlac:>. 
YDHPEIIA HAEKTPONIKOY TAXYAPOMEIOY 
H unqpeo la auT~ n£p t yp6f na l avaluTL 16upa OTO nap6ptqpa 12 u L anottle l uBp l 6u~ 
unqptola nou t~aotaAl~£l TQY tqle6ta8l8aoq ev6c: pqv6paTOC:, tqv t1t6n10~ tou e~ 
anooTltouc: Kal Tqv taxu6poptK~ tou 6lavop~. OL Taxu6poputc: Ynqpeolec: npoottpouv 
enloqc: oto KOlV6 pla unqpeola tqAeopolotunlac: oto Kotv6 nou KaAtltal Bureaufax. 
Oploptvec: enloqc: naptxouv unqpeolec: nou Baol~ovTaL OTQV qAeKtpovtc~ peta8l8aoq 
6e6ophtv. 
ANTAAAArH ErrPAtON 
Rp6KttTat yta tq 6t6f£oq £v6c: £l6ouc: taxu6poptc~c: tupl6ac: an6 ta taxu6poptr6 
icataoT~pata nou en L Tptn£ L oe haoTo xp~otri TOU ouothatoc: va 6 tavtp£L TO Taxu6popelo 
tou aneute lac: OTl c: hp l 6£( ttv un61o L uv ca L va napalap8h£L to taxu6pope lo nou Tou 
avTLato Lu l pe av6Aoyq µUo6o. H µetatop6 taxu6pop£ lou µna~6 touc: tn Ltptnna l OTO 
Hv1µtvo Baolltto yta 6t6tOP£C: avTallaytc:. 
ANATAXY6POMHIH 
np61eLTat yta 6t~ouvoptar~ £ntotoltr~ unqp£ola Taxu6p6pqoqc:. naptxttat an6 l6t1TL106c: 
topel( e1p£t6ll£uoqc: ouv~t1c: oe ouv£pyaola µe tou16xtotov pla Taxu6poptK~ Ynqp£ola. 
RPOIODIKH AIANOMH 
Auvoµ~ teat£n£q6vt1v £Vt6nn an6 t6t1TLro6c: topelc: uµn6Al£uoqc: Kupl1c: ota aotLd 
dvtpa. 
AITIKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
At avoµ~ £n l oToUv ota µ t 1p6 ~ µey6la aott d dvTpa npoUeuo~c: Touc:. <N61u µq otrJV 
Ionavla.> 
MH AIEY9YNIIOAOTHMENO AIAtHMIITIKO TAXYAPOMEIO 
Atavoµ~ µq 6t£utuvoto6otqµtvou 6tatQIJlOtt106 uAtro6 ae entl£Xf£lO£C: neptoxtc:. <Ev6 to 
6teufuvoto6otqµtvo 6tatQIJlOttK6 taxu6pope(o 6tavtµeTat 0£ ouy1£1ptptva 6topa ~ 
opyavtopo6c:. 
2.6 AEIIOYPflEI 
Ot Atttoupyl£c; nou outl~ovtu 11£ ttc; unqpeolec; auttc; n£ptypdfovtal AEntoµep'c; O"Co 
nap6pt111.ta J. 
En t86A.htu va Ol)IJ£ uf £ l 6tt ta avtt K£ l µ£va la ono la anool HAovta l µto1 TIV 
npoavat£PhtoAv tpth Katl)yopth 6h dvat oµotoyn~. fta nap46uyµa, Ol £ntotoAtc; 
apx l~ouv an6 6 taotdo£ LC: CS, tt6vouv 0£ avtt K£ ( iJEVG pqUouc; A4 u l KataMyouv oe 
6tpata 16pouc; tic; 2 lg ~ a16pq (Gl 8l8Ala tic; 5 Kg. 
Ot unqpeolec; £~unqpttqoqc; 6£p6t1v KaA6ntouv tva tdopa Sdpouc; an6 noA6 £Aatp4 
GYtlK£l1.t£VG (1Jl006 lg> tic; fOptla 0£ naAtt£c;. AvdAoyo tdopa KaA6ntouv KGl Ol UDl)p£Ol£c; 
icaunu y6ntv nqv neplnnoq ttv onol1v 6iJ•c; un6pxouv nepu ttp1 entnAodc; 6£6optvou 
6tl ouxv6 e(vat anapaltqto va y(veL 6L4(plOIJ 1J£ta(6 eyyp4tiv <rat£n£ly6vt1v £ntotoA6vl 
KQl epnop£up6ttY (KGT£0£ly6YtlY 6£p4ttV). 
H n A6y1 HAu tq opoyhuac; 6oov atop6 ta an l K£ lµeva nou 6 tau vo6na l utd tf)v 
£KttAeoq t1v taxu6poµt16v unqpeot6v 1attot6 ttc; A£ltoupy(tc; touc; noAunAor6tepec; an'6tt 
ouxv4 unotlfetat <8Atne nap4ptqpa 3 yta avaAuttK6t£PQ ntptypaf~ t•v A£ttoupyt6v. 
2. 7 EYIOIH 
to 1axu6poptr6 uAtK6 npotpxetat otqv nAttotqtla tou an6 opyavtopo6c;. 'Ooov afop4 ttc; 
£fappoytc; Ol toµelc; tqc; ayop6c; nou xpqotµonoto6v unqpeolec; taxu6p6µqoqc; txouv 1c; £~~c; 
Kati a6~ouoa t4~q peyUouc; napauy~c; to66tv : taxu6poiJ t de; napayyeAl tc;, 6 t at~iJ tori, 
tvtuna, xpqpatootKovoptrtc; unqpeolec;, 8lOIJl)Xavla Kat 6qµ6otoc; tOiJtac;. 
Itov ntntp1 n l vua 1 ouvot Hon al icatd npootyy t oq ta too6a nou Of£ lAona t ott c; 
£Rl1Jtpouc; 1atqyopl£c; unqpeot6v taxu6p6µqonc; <1c; nooootd tnl tl)c; ouvoAtic~c; an66ooqc; tttv 
unqp£ot6v taxu6p6pqoqc;> : 
Ill!A!!t 1 : taxu6poptictc; Ynqpeol£c; -noooottala ticfpaol) 11v £0661v 
av4 toµta rat £l6oc; fopta £Kµ£t4AAeuonc; <1988> 
lATHfOPIEI YRHPEIIOI 
EntatoAtc; 
Uµata 
KaT£n£ l yon a 
I6voAo TAXYAPOllEIA 
45.7 
6.5 
4.3 
56.5 
Oqy~ : Enttpon~ tiY EK <an6 6t6tOP£c; nnytc;> IAIOillOI tOPEII 
ElllEIAAAEYIHI 
2.2 
11. 9 
38. 4 
43.5 IYNOAO 
47.9 
17.4 
34. 7 
1 H.8 
Itotula tr)C unripeolac; taxu6p6µQof)<; ouvotl~ovtal otov nlvaKa 2. 'Ooov afopc ll<; 
£ntotoAtdc; unr)ptolt<; ta nptn£l va avaftptd 6"Cl fJ 6lhptol) µeta(6 unqp£oth LC Kal 
unqp£olh AO £vlou: dvat aaat~c;. EntnAtov, ta nptnet va tupl)fd 6tt fJ haotq uv 
npoavauptuoh unnpeath £l vu anoA6tMC oµo lOY£V~c;. rto nap4ptl)tia 3 nep l yp4fovta l 
Atntoµepi<; ot AEttoupytrt<; 6totopt<; µeta~6 £ntµtpouc Katqyopl'Y taxu6poµ£lou nou 
6tartv£ltat an6 to l6to taxu6poµtr6 pe6µa. 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------· A. EDIITOAEI 
&.1 lYPIEI EllITOAllEI YOHPEIIEI <Dou npoottpovtal an6 tlc; Taxu6poµlKtc; 
Ynqpeolec;> 
elt£ •1ettres et cartes• <LC>, yla tlc; entotoAtc; ral ta 6eAt6pla, 
elte •np6tqc; catqyoplac;• yta avttralµeva t•v onol1v q 6tavoµ~ npaypatonoteltat 
rat6 tqv en6µevq epy6otpq. 
elte •autres objets• <AO>, yta ta tvtuna rat ta ptrpo6tpata, 
el u •6ehepqc; td~qc;•, yu an ue lµeva 8pa66upqc; 6lavop~c; <oe 660 ~ tpuc; 
epy6atpec; qµtpec; pet6 tqv neptovAAoyh>. 
Ot c6ptec; entotoAtrtc; unqpeolec; npoottpovtat 1c; eo1teptrtc; ~ 6taauvoptartc; unqpeolec;. 
Itqv nepln11oq ttv 6taouvoptac6v unqpaot6v ylvetal ouv~t•c; 6t6rploq peta~6 LC rat AO, 
o6µteva µe ttc; o6qylec; tqc; Rayc6oµLac; Iaxu6poµlc~c; 'Ev1oqc; <RTE>. 
A.2 IYIDAHPQIAIIlEI EDIITOAilEI YIBPE.J:IEI <nou npoottpovtal an6 tlc; Iaxu6poµtctc; Ynqpeolec;> 
Ittc; unqpeolec; auttc; ouµneptAaµ86vovtat 
• Ol ouoTqµtvec; entotoAtc;, 
• Ol ratax1pqµtvec; entotoAtc;,. 
• q an66et~q anootoA~c;/napaAaB~c;, 
• q et6tc~ 6tavoµ~, 
• ot taxv6poµtcol o6ccot aneutelac; anootoA~c; <yv1otol rat 1c; •M-bags•>, 
• ot 1axv6poµtctc; tupl6ec;, 
• to noot peot6vt. 
A.3 IEEE EDIITOAllEI YDHPEIIEI 
Ittc; vtec; <~ np6otatec;> unqpeolec; neptAaµ86vouv : 
• q unqpeola qAectpovtco6 taxu6poµelou <ouµneptAaµBav6µevou tou Bu-
reaufax >, 
• q avtaAAay~ eyyp691v, 
• q avataxu6p6µqoq, 
• •q npoo1ntc~ 6tavoµ~·, 
• To •aottc6 taxu6poµeto•, 
• TO µq 6l£UfUVOL060TQptvo 6tGfQPlOTLK6 taxu6poµe(o. 
8. AEllATA 
Iuv~t•c; tic; 38 Kg av6 avttrelµevo, µoAov6tt e(val nAtov 6ta6&6oµtvec; 
av6Aoyec; unqpealec; YlG 8ap6tepa avttce(µeva. 
• Iuv~t•c; µe 6uvat6tqtec; entAoy~c; tqc; tax6Tqtac; 6ternepal1oqc;. 
r. lATEDElfOITA 
• Iuxv6 6larplvovTal ae 
-tyypata <cat&ne(yovta taxu6poµtr6 µqv6pata), 
-µq tyypata <ratene(yovTa 6tµata nou nepttxouv eµnope6µata>. 
3. XPHIATOOllOIOlllEI YDHPEIIEI DOY DPOitEPOYN TA IAXYAPOIEIA 
0 l Ol ICOYOtH de; unqpto l tc; µnopo6v va 1ennayo6v oe 660 IC6p uc; nTqyop l tc; : Tl c; uxu6pot.u de; 
xpqpaTOOlrovoptrtc; unqpeoltc; <6n1c; ot taxu6popt1etc; evtoAtc;, ot Taxu6poptrtc; tnttaytc;, 1eAn.> 
cat 6Utc; xpqpnooucovoµu:tc; unqpeolec; <6ntc; uelvtc; nou oxeTHonat 11£ To Taxu6poµu:6 
1apt£Ut~pto 1Cat 1ouc; Aoyaptaopo6c; 6te1c;). 
ln6 nap66ooq o l Taxu6pop t de; Ynqpeo l ec; naptxouv 6ptotc; xpqpnoo l rovoti l de; unqpeo lee; 1600 
ato ea1t£Pt1C6 tnlptpouc; rpaT6v ptA6v 600 Kal 6lttv6c;. Ot nAtov napa6oota1Ctc; unqpeoltc; otov 
topta aut6 ntptAapl6vouv Tl«; 1axu6poplrtc; ev10Atc;, Tl«; ev10Atc; nAqp1p6v, ttc; Taxu6poplrtc; 
£nltaytc; 1eu nc; np6{etc; taxu6popuo6 tapteuTqplou. Itov Dlvua 3 nou napatlhtat ev 
ouvexela ouvotl~ovtat ot xpqpaTOOllCOVOPl1Ctc; unqpeolec; nou npoottpouv ot Taxu6poptrtc; 
Ynqpeolec;. 
ta too6a an6 Touc; Topete; auto6c; Boqfo6v Ttc; Taxu6poptrtc; Ynqpeolec; va e(aotaAloouv 1C£t6Aata 
Ktv~ouc;. 
O 8afµ6c; xp~oqc; TIV unqptot6v aut•v notrlAAtl an6 rp6toc; µtAoc; ot rp61oc; ptAoc; rat 
enqpe6~ttat an6 nap6yovttc; 6n1c; : 
q 6t66ooq t1v eµnoptr6v tpane~tr6v 6teuroA6voe1v rupl1c; ot anopov1ptvec; neptoxtc; rat q 
6taA£lTOUPYllC6Tqt6 Touc;, 
q cn6oq tou ro l vo6 havtt av tpant~h u t av 6 t euroUvouv nou npooftpouv q ono la 
ouv~•·c; OVTlKOTOntp(~£l TO £(6oc; Tr)( KOlV6TqTac; KOl Tr)V avdntu~q TOU Tpan£~lK06 
OUOT~tJaTO(, 
ot ru8£pvqtutc; 6tatd~ttc; yta Tqv npoUqoq ~ TOY neptoptop6 Tqc; tpane~tr~c; avdntu~nc; 
otov topta TIV Aoyaptaoptv 6te1c; rat anotapleuoqc;. 
EvTo6totc;, n Kat6otaoq nou tntKpattl oTqv Kotv6tqTa tlvat avopotoyev~c;. Ie optoptva an6 ta 
rphq µHq o t eh utc; Tp6nt ~tc; Ao yap l aot.ih 6tuc; naphouv oA6rAqpo TO t6opa Tpane ~ t dv 
unqptot•v nou naptxouv ot tpnoptKtc; Tp6n£~£c;, ev• 0£ dAAa rpdtq µtAq ot 6paoTqpt6tqttc; touc; 
ntptop(~ovtat OTqv t~unqptTqoq Taxu6poptr•v tntTay•v ev• ot µla touAdxtoTov x6pa ar6µa Kat 
auT~ touc; n 6paotqpt6tqta elvat anayoptuptvq. 
H onap~q tup6taTou 6tn6ou taxu6popllch Kataotqµhwv htt 11c; anoTHEopa oxe66v 6Atc; ot 
Taxu6poiitrtc; Ynqpealec va naptxouv rat Ku8£PVflTLKtc; unl')ptaltc;, ouxvd npooftponac 
6tEUKOA6VO£lC 6n1c; I') nAl')PiP~ TIV OUVTd~£8V, unqpeoltc; KOlVIVlK~c; np6votac, nAqp1ptc; YlO tr)V 
an6nr)oq a6E l h Ka l Tr)V E ~6.Aqaq fOpOAOyl dv OfE l Ah KO l nAf)p1ptc; E ~6.Af)oqc: Ao yap l QOJJh 
66pEUOl'J<: KQl Tr)Att•vou. 
'Otav toxoouv avdAoYtc ouµovltc; ot avTlOtoLXEC unqpEoltc; naptxovlat otr)V rustpvqoq 61pedv 
1-10Aov6tt ylvEtal ou~~tqoq untp tqc; etoayt1y~c; optoµtvn tnt8ap6vouv yta Tl'JV dAutn tou 
avttotolxou K6otouc e(unqpttqol')c;. 
Rlli!qt_~ : I6votq t1v xpqpa1oolKOVOPlK'v unqptol•v nou naptxouv Ol Taxu-
6popt Kt( Ynqptoltc: 
A. TAXYAPOIIlEI XPHIATOOllOIOKllEI YDHPEIIEI 
A.1 IAXY&POlllA IEEA RAHPQIQI 
• Evtolt( nlq91p6v, 6l£fvtl( tvtolt( nlqp1p6v 
• Taxu6popllt( tvtolt( 
• Taxu6popllt( tnltayt( 
• •aql1ptvt( a~le(• 
B. fEIIIEI XPRRATOOIIOIOIIIEI YDHPEIIEI 
B.1. IPAEEIE ROY AtOPOYI TOYE AOfAPIAEIOYE OfEOE 
• tqA£nlqp11J~ 
-RlGtltllf( c6ptl( 
-16ptt( av6lqtq( xpqp6t1v an6 ATM <Aut6patt( TapeloloylotlKt( Mqxavt(> 
• Ea11eplcol loyaplaapol/ca1attoel(/ecteltoel( nlqp1p6v 
• :tvo ouv6Alaypa 
• Ynof~u( 
8.2 IAllIEYIHPIO 
• Tpane~tKt( tnev66otl( a~tonolqoq( 11v Ketalal1v ano1a11leuoq( 
• ApotBala Ktt6Aata enev66oe1v 
8.3 AAAEI DAHPOIEE 
* Iuvt6~t l( 
• Ynqpeolec: np6votac: 
• 'A6elt(/fopoloyla 
• Aqp6ott( nlqp1pt( 
4. YDHPEIIEI TAXY&POIIlHI &IEYIOAYIEHI 
o l oqpavu dtept( an6 1l ( taxu6pop ut( unqpu l t( nou npoottpouv ta 1axu6pop u6 Kataot~pata 
oxetl~ov1at pe 1qv n6Aqaq 11v ypappatoo~p1v Kat tqv napox~ nlqpofopt6v yla cal6ttpq 
e~unqpttqoq. It 6Ae( tl( xtpe( tQ( Iotv6tQta( e~atpouptvou tou BeAylou cal tQ( Doptoyalla( 
ot Taxu6poptd( Ynqpeo{t( enl 1ptnouv nUov tqv nUqoq ypapp01oo~p1v lat ut6( av 
taxu6p01JlK6v Kataotqp611v. 
Ita to.xu6pop l d utaot~pata npaypnono u l ta l en loq( q n l ouaq av pqxavh nponAQp1p~( Ka l q 
taxu6p6pqaq avtu:uph1v pe atpayl6e( nponlqp1p~(. nap6Uqla npoottpovtat ut u6u6u:pec: 
unqpto l t( 6ntt( q nUqaq fl Aottluh npo i6vuv ~ u ht (IV tax u6po1u r~( anootoM( 
GVtl K£ q.&hlV. 
'ORI( oup8a l vu 1u: tu: Taxu6po1u d( Yaqpeo t.:c: q anaox6AQoq av l6 utu dv tophv 
erptt6lleuoqc: otelletat •c: en( to nle(otov 01ouc: pey6Aqc: Kllpaca( nel61ec: pt 6peoq 
ntp louUoy~ 1ou an lo to l xou 1axu6pope lou an6 u1v Upa 1ou(. Oot6oo, napnqpt l ta l 6Ao u l 
neptoo6upo q 14oq Ol l6lnuol topelc: upn6Utuortc: va npoottpouv 6uuroUvo£l( nou va 
tnttptnouv 01ouc: 1JlKp61epq( rllpaKa( ntl6te( <~ Kal ta 61011a> va xpqolponoLo6v tl( unqpeole( 
TOU(. 
~tAl~1_izt ____________________________________ [1~t~1n~1_1_~-~n1q!~nnqrr_111_!nn~~q1t1_111!~~~~~l~! 
DoUol an6 tou<; l6lnuo6<; fopd<; u11ndUeuoq<; 6latqpo6v nHov ypa,da au:Ao6<; np6o8aoq<; 
nou 6txovtal ptKp6tEpa taxu6p01JlKd fopt(a· EnLnAtov npay11atonoL06v npoc to6to EnEv66oEl<; yla 
6Qploupyla •on11El1v ottyaoq<;•. 
Itov DlvaKa ~ ouvotl~ovtal Ol unqpEolE<; taxu6pOIJlK~<; 6lEUK6Auvoqc. 
IAXY&POllEIA UIOTUOI tOPEII ElllEIAAAE·YIHI 
-DtAqoq ypapµatoo~111v -Iqµela ateAo6<; np6oSaoq<; 
-MqxavtK~ nponAqp111~ -Xtpot ottyaoq<; 
-ttAot£AlKd npo£6vta 
-DtAqoq Kt81tl1v taxu6poµtK~<; 
anootoMc: 
-Iqµela atelo6<; np6o8aoq<; <otqv 
-----l~AJ.!~ll_!ll_!2_H!L_Rl~1!ti2!___ ---------------------------------------------------
5. AAAEI YIHPEIIEI RETAtOPQI 
Ot neptoo6tepot ttv l6lttlKAv topt1v £KP£tdAAiuoq<; nou naptxouv taxu6p01JlKt<; unqpEole<; 
aoxoAohtu nplt<; µe Tl<; µETafopt<;. Ot unqpeale<; µnatopd<; 6Epdav nou npoottpouv ouv~h<; 
anoteAo6v µtpo<; TIV YEVlK6TEPIV IJETQfOPlKAV 6paotqplOT~TIV TOU<; <110Aov6tl ouxvd 
xpqolponolo6v 6tafopetlK4 6lKtua>. Iuv~ft<; yla Tl<; unqpeole<; Kat£n£ly6vt1v npoSAtnetal 
EVT£At<; XIPlOT~ £~unqpttqoq. 
Evt ot t6l1urol fopel<; upndUeuoq<; houv apxloet va aoxoAohtal Kal 11£ µuphepou 
peytfou<; foptla, oploµtve<; an6 tl<; Taxu6poptKt<; Ynqpeole<;, 
ayopd µetafoptv. O<; £K to6to~. noAAt<; e~ au1tv, ~6q, 6txovtal 
8DOpa6ootaK6• 6pl0 84pou<; TIV 38 Kg YlG ta 6tpata. Evlot£, OL 
fOptltv 11aphov1u µtot tou 6ut6ou anAh 6eph1v, ouv~h<; 
6lnua. 4PXLOQV va £L066ouv OTr) YEVLK~ 
avtLKtlµeva nou unepSalvouv 10 
unqpeolt<; e~unqpt1qoq<; µey6A1v 
6µ11<; XPQO l µono l oh ta l XIP lOt4 
Ot foptl<; £(unqpt1qoQ<; 6tp4ttv Kat Kat€nety6it1v npoottpouv nAtov, oAotva ouxv6ttpa, 
anofqKeUt uct<; 6 l £UKOA6vot l <; oup86Hovta<; Otr)V Ka Ah £Pr) Efapµoy~ lr)C tyKa l PIJC 6 l axd pl Or)\ 
6lx1<; anoftpata TIV ntAattv TOU<;. O<; EK to6tou, txtL KAliJOKlftl r) OUiJiJETOX~ lOU<; OTOV tAtyxo 
TIV anoftpQTIV E( ov6µato<; TIV nEAattv TOU<; ~ OK6µq Kal lr)V EKttAEOr) anA'v tpyaol'V 
ouvapµoA6yqoq<;. 
Itov nlvau 5 ouvotl~ovtal autt<; OL unQpEolt<; pttafoph nou oxe1l~ov1at µ£ 1ov taxu6poµu:6 
toµta. 
RETAtOPA (Al AIANORH 
revue~ 1u:1atopa 
AtaKlVQOrJ ,op1l1v 
El6LK£uptve<; unqpeolt<; 6lavoµ~<; 
6. &IAtOPA -TAXYAPOMIKEI YDHPEIIEI IYIAtEII APAITHPIOTHTEE 
Anof~u: UOr) 
'EAEYXO<; anofEIJUTIV 
YnQptolt<; tyKaLpnc 6taxtlptoq<; 
6luc anoftµata 
6tantoth£Tal 6ll TO 6(KTUO av taxu6poµldV KQTaOlr)jJhtv XPr)Olj.IOOOldtal nHov 6Ao KQl 
nep l oo6Ttpo y ta tqv napox~ unr)pto L h ntpav ud nv nou a•opo6v Tl<; napa6oo ta Kt<; unnpeo l £< 
en1tEA£la TrJ< KuStpvqoq< rat ttv unr)p£ol•v taxu6poµtr~< 6t£ur6~uvoq<. Ot niAo6µ£V£< 
UOr)p£olE<; 6tatlf£VtQL £~ ov6µato<; OElpG<; 6qµool1v opyavtoµ'v KQl EOlXElP~OEIV. 
nporttµhou va KalaoTEl oatt<; to £6po<; tou tdoµato<; av napex6µnn unnpEoth, apul va 
avat£PfEl 61t o'autt< Ev6txEtat va n£ptAaµBavovtat ttolt~pta Aev,opt(vv, 
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5. TAXY6PORilEI XPHKAIOOIKONOMIKEI YDHPEIIEI (IYMTIEPihAMBAHOHEHHI THI AIA0EtHt YTIHPEIION 
TAXYAPOHHtHI tTA TAXYAPOKIKA KATAITHHATA> 
To fip6otvo BtBllo aoxol£ltat Kuplic; µE ttc; unqpEolEc; 1axu6p6µ11011c;. Ev10610Lc; tlvat oqµav1tK6 
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EOK 1,798 3,584.7 788,159 248.8 132,866 
Dqy~ : "tAtto Sofres 
AllTYO TAXYAPOKilON KATAITHMATON 
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9. 3 llEfE80I 
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11. AAAEI YIHPEIIEI IAXYAPOKHIHI 
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11.2 AAAHAEDIAPAIH 
titov va oqµct10d 6tt o Sa&1.16<: aHqAcnl6paoqc: ota 6loua E(aptO:tat an6 tl)v anootoA~ 
TOU(. 'Eraoto HtV Ol]IJdtv EV6<: 6tn6ou t6nou lOto6 aphVI)( nptnEt va YVttPH£t Tl) 
6ta6poµ~ na 6Aa 10 £V6EX611cva oqµda npooptoµo6· ch µETaBAf)~El tva E( auth 6Aa ta 
un6Aotna nptnct va npooapµ6oouv 6c6vac: Tl<; cpyao(E<: tou(. EE nEptnt~OEl( ouotriµdav 
t6nou antv1106 1poxo6 tt<: anapaltqH<: npooapµoytc: Envµl~Etat vc Enl to nAdorov to 
tCtvtpo. 
Elvat EVbtattpouoa q an(atoq npoc: to 6lrtuo raxu6poµtrh rntaotriµO:av rat ta O:Ha 
Ol)JJ£la 6t60£0l)C: TOXU6poµtr6v UDfJPEOt6V. l:Tf)V nEplTitiOf) aut~ 61av avolyEl 0 KAtlVEl tva 
av oriµdn auth µ£Ta84AA£lat avttotolu<: ri {~HJOrJ EK µtpouc av ntAath µETaH av 
6taHotµn tvaHantdv A6ouv. Evto6tot( ta 6Ha onµda 60 rn>.o6vrat va 
avanpooapµ6oouv ll( 6paOtr)pt6tl)tt( toU<: (E(atpouµtvnc tr)<; np68AE.f)<; na u•l)A6Hpl) 0 
xaµriA6t£PrJ ~ntqoq ott<: avr(ototXEC: ncptoxt<: nou tAtyxouvl. 
11.J IEPAPXIlH AIAPOPOIH 
flptntt va OrJIJEltOd 6Tt ouxvd napatqpdrat tEpapxtr:n 6tao1pwµ6:aon av 6tr:t611v. 
Iotoutorp6nwc:, µCa cntotoAn yta ycttovtrn n6Aq ratd n6oa nt4av61n1a 3a 6ttA4tt an6 10 
t0ntr6 ypatElo 6taAoy~(. Avtlf£ta, µla EntotoM nou np6uttat va rntaAO(El OE tva 
anoµarpuoµtvo otuoµ6 ra16: ndoa nt&av6tqta &a 6ttAftt an6 tva o6t6µtoo ypafElo na 
"ouyr:tv1pwori" µE dAAt<: entotoAt<: nou npoopl{ovtat yta otr:toµo6<: 1nc; l6ta<: nEptoxnc. 
Eh I) {6ta tntotoM npoopt~6rav yta µta dHI) x'pa rat ElXE xpqotµonotn&El 10 rAaotr:6 
6ttfvtc: 0601~µa 1axu6p6µQoq<: aa clxE 6ttAOEt an6 tva "avtaAAaKtOpto ypafc(o" <~tot tva 
c(c16u:cuµtvo ypa9Elo 6taAorn<: nou XEtp({trat 10 E(tpx6µoo rat Etotpx6µtvo 
6taouvoptaK6 1axu6poµt{o). 
AvtlotOlXn apxtl~ 6t6p0pwoq 6laOttouv lat Ol fOPEl~ E~unqpttqoq~ 1a1EnEty6v1wv lat 6tp61wv. 
T£Au~4 ta 6laouvopud avttr.:d1J£Va 6tar.:tvo6vtat ouv~h< 1Jtot1 £t6tr.:h r.:tnpn. rEVtr.:6 ta 
nhovut~IJQTQ Ul IJElOVUT~IJGTG Otr)V r.:opuf~ av lEPGPXlh auth E{VQl RGPEIJfEP~ npo~ ta 
av1(0TOlXQ TIV OU01QIJ4TIV t6nou Q(TlVlt06 tpoxo6. 
Iotoutotp6n1c: nuuydvuu q 11tYUQ<: r.:Alparac: a(tonolqoq tq<: £pnuplac: r.:at uv 
£(tt6trtuptv1v pqxavtr6v £yra1aa16ae1v nou 6taft1£t to rtv1po 11ta1 l~U onolou 6ta«tv£ltat 
10 1axu6pop£lo n6 nap6UqAa n6hnat va en l HUXh l anotdeapau dHplJ a~tonolqaq uv 
6uva101~11v p£tafop6c:. 
Av1l&t1a, 1J 1pofo661qaq an6 rat npoc: 10 ctvtpo au106 1ou tl6ouc: ev6txttat va npor.:aAtatL 1qv 
anoa10A~ tou 1axu6popt{ou an6 t6tal1epa tpp£a£<: 6ta6poptc:. EntnAtov, 600 ptcp6ttpoc: £lvat o 
apttµ6<: Ktv1p1v au106 tou el6ouc: 0£ utqA6ttpa 1µ~µ010 1qc: l£papxlac: 1600 µtyaA61£poc: tlvat 
o Klv6uvoc: np6KAqaqc: aupfop~aetv p0Aov61t 10 avA1tpa tnlne6a tQ<: l£papxla<: ouv~t•<: 
Xttpl~ovtat noA6 ptKp61tpq r.:urAotopla an6 ta KatAttpa. 
Xapu:1qp totl r.:6 napci6tt na uv npoanafuh nou ouv~h<: uTC18dUouv o l fop de: £ q.1n6U.tuoqc: 
(l6lltlKO( lGl 6qp6otOl) YlCl TIJV G(lono(qoq 6UVQTOT~TIV £(Val 0 £Kt£AIVlOp6(. ttqv 
ntp ( ntll01) nou U:tdEOH ( anot£A£opau d npoottPEl OTOV fOpta EKIJE t6HtUOfJ( QVTQflV lOT u6 
nAeovhtqpa· 0£ avtlfttq ntplnttoq, ot anUttt<: 6oov atop4 tqv not6tqta av nap£X611EVIV 
unqpeot6v pnoptl va tlvat ouotaotlKt<:. 

OAPAPIHRA 4 rYIOtH ION NO"OOEtlON rtA [PATH ft[hff 
1. EIIAfOrH 
Ito nap6v nap6ptqpa napatlf£tat o6vtopq £ntoc6nqoq tQ<: vopt«~<: rat6otaoq<: nou £ntcpat£l 0£ 
tlaOtO tlY 1patAY ptAAv. 16talt£pa D£plyp6f£tGl to YOPllO (Qf£ott<: tlV Taxu6poptl6V 
Ynqputh uUc: cat ta avuulpna uv onoln txouv tqv anoduottc~ £J~tt6Unoq. nap6UqAa 
avattpuu q ttoq tn cavovtoudv fophv nou utlatanat. To napaptqpa ntpl yp6fu trJY 
1a1601aoq nou £nt1pa1tl o~ptpa <~tot la16 1qv 6vot(IJ tou 1991). 
Ta npoo1a1eu6µ£va avtlltlpeva nou £(unqpeto6vtal anolAElOtlld an6 tl<: taxu6poptlt<: Ynqpeolt<: 
avattpov1at enloQ<: 01ov nlvara tQ( Dapayp6tou J. 
2. ItXYOYEEE IOK09EIIEI IE ElAIIO IOI lPATOI MEAOI 
2. 1 BEArIO 
H taxu6popu~ Ynr)p£ola tou BEAylou <p£ tl)v tnwvuiJla de Post/la Poste) Elvat nAtov 
6ru.16ota £nndpqori p£ nMpq 6touritu~ mt 6qpootovopu:~ autovopla. <Eno6tot(, ri 
nstpvqori tQ<: nt86U£t optoptva •ut~rovta" tvavtt ano~ript6o£w<:.> App66to<: yta tQ 
ouvoA lK~ 6taX£ (p loq av taxu6popd ffV £ l val o np6£6P6<: ti)<:. To taxu6pop u6 povonU lo 
raA6nat £nto10At<:, taxu6popud 6£Atdpta mt tvnna h<: Upou<: 2 Kg. H 8£Ayu~ 
VOiJOfEola _at~V£l va EVVOrJfEl 6ll 10 povonUlO 6tKGlOAOydtal an6 ll)V lOlVfffEM napox~ 
r:a&oAtr:iv taxu6poptr:tv Ynqp£ot6v. 
2.2 AAllA 
App66to r:avovtottc6 fopta anot£A£l q f£vtr~ At£6fuvaq Iaxu6pop£liv rat TqAEntrotvwvtiv. 
O avtlototxo<: 61)p6oto<: fopta<: up£tdUtuori\ ElvaL ri Iaxu6poptr~ Ynqp£ala trJC Aavlac 
<Post Tjenesten>, nou poAov6tl anoAapBdvEL Ka&Eotic OXEttK~\ autovoplac 6totrq1trd rat 
6QiJOOlOVOIJlld, £Vtd00£1Ql OTQV Kpatll~ 6LO(Kr)Of). Tri OUVOAl(~ £Uf6vri TrJC 6taxElplOIJC (Ql 
TIJC AElTOupylac TWV taxu6poµElwv ttPEl 0 fEVlK6\ AlEUOUVT~\. 
To 1axu6poptr6 povon6Ato otqpl~Etat otqv unoxptwoq rafOAlK~\ Taxu6poptr~c E(unqptTrJOIJ\ 
rat uA6nt£l tntotoH<; rat 6tAt6pta nou 6Ev unEp8alvouv to 1 Kg. H EntTpon~ av 
Eup•inatdv Kotvot~av E~Et6~£l 10 vto v6110 nEp{ Taxu6po11Elwv t6talt£pa 6oov afopd TrJV 
KQVOVlOtl[~ &toq TOU 6taouvoptaro6 EOlOTOALK06 taxu6poµElou. 
2. 3 fEPMAI IA 
H Tax u6pop ll~ Ynqpco la T IJ\ rEpµa v (a<; <Deutsche Bundespos t Postd i enstl EVTdooE ta l otr}v 
r:patlK~ 6tolr:qoq lJE UJ µopt~ "regie" KOL XWPLOt6 npoun0Aono116. App66LO\ ytQ Tl) 
auvoAu~ 6taxElptoq av Taxu6po1.1tdv unqpEoth Elvat o rEvtr6\ litEuhvt~\ TIJ\. To 
Ynoupye(o Taxu6popE(wv rat TqAEntroLv~vL~v ttPEl tqv Kavovtottr:~ Eu06vq yta tl\ 
Taxu6po11trt<: YnqpEo(E<: raL Tl\ E(apt,IJEVE\ an6 autt\ unqpcolE\ <Telekom lat Postbank). 
rtq fEplJav(a undyovtal oto 11ovonULo Ol EntotoHc;, ta rnxu6poµu:6 6Ehdpta Kat ta 
tvtuna uU<; Kat ta 6t11ata Kat ta nutla nou nEpthouv npoowntk'.d lJf)V6µata. En{ tou 
nap6vtoc; to 6p to B(ipouc; avtpu tat OE 1 kg a.Hd d vat n t 3av~c; 010 qy6c; µtHov va 
n£ptoptotEl 010 518 g· 10 1c; 6v1 6pto £fapp6~ElOl 0£ ouv6uaop6 µt avtlototxo 6pto 11v 
tlµ'v nou avtpxttat oto 6tranA4oto tou ttpoAoylou nou t•app6~ttat yta 1nv anA~ 
tntotoM <~tot 18 µ4pro ftppavlac; yta avtudpEva 84pouc; he; 28 g>. To ytppavu6 
taxu6poptl o fuptl •<: A6yo 6nap(n<: 1ou lJOvonlA l ou tnv unoxphon napox~c; ratoA uh 
unqputh. 
2. 4 EAAAAA 
O ravovtottc6c; toptac; yta ttc; taxu6polJtKtc; unoftottc; elvat 10 Ynoupyelo Mttafop6v cat 
tnAenuotvnth. H dAqvu~ taxu6polJll~ Ynqpeola <EHqvud Taxu6po11tla> av~ut oto 
6qp6o to top ta Kat hu ti) IJOPf~ 6q1160 tac; en utl pqaqc; trJ<; ono lac; o tn uttd~c; f tv t r6c; 
6 L£UfuVt~c; undynat OtOV Ynoupy6 ME tafoph KO l lqhn llO l VIV th. MoAov61l •<; £0 ( 10 
nAtlotov to taxu6popelo rat ot tl)Atntrotv1vltc; Atttoupyo6v x1ptotd o 6q116otoc; foptac; 
txpe16AAeuoqc; 11v 1qAentrotv1vt6v COTE> £nt601el to tAAttppa t1v taxu6poptr•v 
unqptoth. 
r10 taxu6po11tr6 povon6Ato anorAttottr~c; tKIJttdAAeuanc; av~rouv ot entotoAtc;, 
taxu6popt d 6dt6pta rat ta htuna Upouc: he: 2· kg· vopo&ett rd •c: A6yoc; 6nap~IJC: tou 
povon1Alou npo8dAAttat 10 yeyov6c; 6tt to 1axu6popelo anot£A£l rotvlt£A~ unqptola. 
2. 5 ItRAIIA 
to Ynoupyelo M£tafop6v, Touptapo6 rat TqAtntKotv1vt6v anottAt{ tov ravovtottr6 fopta. 
o 6rip6otoc; toptac; H\lETdHtuonc; elvat q taxu6poµtK~ Ynqp£ola trJ<: Ionavlac; <Correos> 
nou un4yttal 010 Ynoupydo aut6. llp6Httat yta KpattK~ unnpEota 6luc; 6qµootovo11tr~ 
autovopla. EntKttaA~c; tn<: 8ploretat tvac; ftvtr6c; Attufuvt~c;. 
To taxu6pop tK6 povonU lo taUntt t tn t oToAtc; rat 1axu6po11 t rd 6tA tdp ta hc; 2 kg t•6oov 
Ta wc; 6n avtt u l peva ouHtyovta l at ha aoT u:6 dvtpo ra l 6tavt11ov10 t ot 6.Ho. <Ta 
avttr£(1Jtva nou 6tartvo6vtat tv6oaoTttd 6tv npoo101t6ov1at.> Ou6El<; A6yoc npoB6AAtTnl 
yta 1nv 6nap~q 1ou povon1A(ou. H Ufto1d11cvn Taxu6pO\JLK~ xpnµaTo6oTtK~ Tpdnc~a un6 1nv 
cn1vu11ta Caja Postal anoTtAtl xvpto16 opyavtoµ6. 
2. 6 fAAAIA 
H taxu6poptK~ Ynqpcola 1qc; faAAlac; <un6 1nv tn1vupla la Poste> tlvat TO tva an6 ta 660 
At t toupy t1cd oKtAQ tou Ynoupyd ou Taxu6po11dou, TriAtn t KO l nv l h ra l At aot~µa TO\, To 
dAAo tlvat ri France Telecom. H ~tt6~uvori yEvtr~v ravovtoTtr~v 6taT6(t1v, nou anoTEAEl 
To ravovtottr6 Tµnµa Tou Ynoupydou, ttPEl TlC avTloTotxcc; cuHvcc; yta 6Acc; Tl\ 
TQXU6poµtrtc; unf)ptolE\ Olf) faAA(a OVt(apT~TW<; TOU av naptxovtat an6 6nµ60lOU\ n 
t6liilK06\ fOpE(\ EllJETGAAtUOf)<;. 
MoAov6u ovoµaould un6y£Tat OTO Ynoupydo ri yo.Hun Taxu6poµtKn Ynripcola dvot tva 
6nµ6oto au16voµo (6puµa <etablissement autonome de droit public), nou 6ta4tttl xwptot6 
npoOnoAOylOJ,16 rat TOU .ono(ou 0 EnlKEfa.Ahc tr}<; ftpEL iOV TltAo TOU fEVlK06 AlEUhvtn. 
riqv npoutphl'J ncplnT1ori to taxu6poµu6 µovonHto roHnHt rnunoH\, taxu6poµtr6 
6tAt6pta cat nadta nou 6tv uncpSalvouv ta 2 kg. H yo>.Atrn voµo4tolo 6tv E(r)yd touc 
A6youc; 6nap(l'JC tou µovondlou. ntpav Tou lJOvondlou To rnxu6poµdo unoxptoha t va 
noptxct rafoAtrtc unripcoltc yto avttrt{µcva nou 6tv untp8alvouv to 7 kg. 
2. 7 IPAANAIA 
H Taxu6poµtr~ Ynqp£ola tQ( IpAav6lac <An Post> anot£A£l av,vuµq £tatp£la to o6voAo twv 
µnoxh tQC ono La( uthu q n8tpvqoq. O f EV u:6c At£ uhvt~C Elva l apµ66 to( Yl a tQ 
ouvoAtK~ 6tax£lptoq Kat A£ttoupy{a ttv Taxu6poµtKiv Ynqp£otev. To TIJ~pa taxu6pop£(1v 
tou Ynoupy£lou Alu too6vqc: rat En LKOl vn l h anouAd tqv uvov t Oll K~ apx~ £nont d ac 
tQC: not6tqtac: rat TQC: a(tontotlac: t1v taxu6poµtr6v unqp£ottv. 
Io taxu6poµtr6 povon6Ato raA6nt£t £ntatoAtc:, taxu6poµtK4 6£At4pta, nartta, tvtuna rat 
rat£n£lyovta nou 6£v untplalvouv ta 2 kg rat6c: lat 6tµata ta onola n£pttxouv npoo1ntl6 
µq¥-6pna. To povodAto fupeltat anapaltqto npoutµhou va £(aataAtato6v ot 
6ttnt6ot~auc: nou £lvu avayrah:c: rat6 tqv napox~ taxu6poptdv unqp£ath ato a6voAo 
tQ( £3vtr~<: tntrp4t£tac:. 
2.8 ITAAll 
H ttaAtl~ Taxu6poptr~ Ynqpeola av~ret ato 6qp6ato toptu lun6y£tat atov PTT Italia> rat 
I( £( to6tou 6lOlK£(tGl I( 6qp6ata unqptala 6lx•c: 6LOllQtll~ ~ 6qpOGlOVOIJLK~ 
autovoµla. Yn£6tuvoc: yta tl( taxu6poptrtc: unqptal£<: tlvat o f£VtK6<: At£utuvt~<:. 
Io taxu6poptr6 povontAto raA6nt£l £ntatoAtc: rot taxu6poptK4 6£At6pta nou 6tv 
untpBalvouv ta 2 kg. Ev6 q neptauAAoy~ rot q 6tavop~ t1v 6£p4t1v 6tv onot£Ao6v µtpoc: 
tou povon1Alou t1v taxu6popel1v £(aloAout£l va un4y£tat a'aut6 q p£tatop4 t1v 6£p6t1v 
ptta(6 pty6Atv aottr•v rtvtptv. Asv un4px£t vopot£ttK~ atttoA6yqoq yta tqv 6nap(q tou 
povondlou. 
2.9 AOYEEMBOYPfO 
H Taxu6popu~ Ynqptola TOU Aou(£J,1806pyou anotdtl ptpoc TOU KU8£pVQTlK06 l.IQXGYlOpo6 
Kat 6£Y 6tath£l 6tollQtlK~ ~ 6qpootovoptr~ autovop(a. O f£YtK6C Attuhvt~C dvat 
untUuvoc yta HJ ytvu~ 6taxdptoq n~ o tnuttaMc tou taxu6popu:o6 lll~llatoc tl vat 
app66toc yta 1q Atttoupyla t•v taxufpoptKtv unqptot6v. To povonAAto KaA6nt£t tntotoAtc 
rat taxu6po1.1tr6 6£Atdpta nou 6tv untp8alvouv ta 2 kg. A£v undpx£t voµottttK~ 
atttoA6yooo tou povont1Alou. 
2. 11 OAAAIAIA 
To Ynoupytlo Mttatoptv anottAEl tov tavovtottl6 topta tnonttlac tou taxu6poµt10~ 1oµta 
otov OAAav6la. An6 tov Iavou6pto tou 1989 o PTT nou £(Val apµ66to<; yta ta taxu6poµtla 
Kat t LC tqhn l KO t nv (EC, anotdd avhupq nu pd a to ohoAo av 1u: toxh TQ<: ono lac 
KattXEl q KU8tpvqof). 0 opyavtoµ6c PTT Nederland 6taftt£l 6ldtOPEC £TQlp£(£C j.1£Ta(6 lMY 
onoln q PTT-Post Elvat apµ66ta Yta TL<: taxu6po1Jtd<: unop£o{£C. tat~ ouvtntla o 
ftvu6c AtEu~uvt~<: tr)<: PTT-Post dvat un6Aoyoc tvavtt mu 6totu)ltK06 ouµSouAlou tJJ<: 
PTT Nederland. 
H 6nap(JJ tou µovonwA(ou, to ono(o rat6 tf)v oAAav6tK~ voµot£ola 0£wp£ltat "napaxipooq", 
otd At tat otriv av6yu1 6 t aotU l OJJ<: TQC not 6tQta<: av nap£X6µtvn tax u6poµ l r h 
unoptotiv. To µovon,Ato KaA6nt£t tntotoAt<: Kat 1axu6poptrd 6EAt4pla nou 6£v 
un£p8a(vouv ta 588 g £Ya 11 avtlototxl'J ptof) TLP~C napox~c taxu6poµldv unf)p£oth 60 
untp8a(v£t ta 8,28 ttoplvta OAAav6la<: <yta 1qv napox~ £Ot1TEPLK'v unriptottv>. H 
Enttpon~ HIV Eupvnai'.dv KOlVOT~UV £(t6t10£ 840£l lOU 4p&pou 98.3 Tf)C ruvf~KQC lf)( 
PitJQ<: an6tOOI) IJE TQY ono(a 6tatdV£Tal 6tt TO £6poc r:at f) EfQPIJOY~ TWV op(t1V lOU 
1.1ovont1Alou avtl8alv£t touc rav6vtc av1ayt1vtoµo6 TIJC EupwnatK~C Kotv61ri1ac. rriv an6taol) 
aut~ npootSaAav OTO AlKaot~PlO TMV Eupvnafr6v KOlYOT~TtlV <AEK> µ£ t6pa lO Aou(Ep8o6pyo 
1600 10 VnoupyElo Mttatopav 600 r:al o PTT-Post. 
2.11 OOPtOrAAIA 
H Taxu6pOIJlK~ YnqpEo(a 1qc Rop1oyaAtac <Correios> av~KEl 010 6qµ6olo 1oµta ral 
f£1pe(1at 6qµ6ola Enlxtlpnoq nou ano1tAEt tAtyxouoa Etatptla. ·EnlKEtaA~c tQC Splorttal 
0 Dp6£6poc £VA Un£64uvoc yta tQ AEttoupyla tf)C tlvu 0 f£VLK6C AtEUfuYt~C- To ICP -
Ivattto6to EntKotv1vt6v tf)( RoptoyaAlac -E{EAlooctal ot K9vovtotlK~ apx~. To 
taxu6popu6 povodAto uUnu £ntotoUc, 1axu6poµLK6 6tAt6pta Kat Kaantl yona nou 
6£v vntplalvouv ta 2 kg. H 6nap(q TOU µovonwAlou 6tv atttoAoytlTal. 
2.12 HIQIEIO BAIIAEIO 
KavovtattK6 fopta yta tov taxu6poptK6 1oµta tou Hv1µtvou BaatAtlou anoteAtl TO 
taxu6poµt16 tp~µa tou Ynoupyelo Eµnoplou Kat Btoµqxavlac. Enon1t16 enlanc p6Ao 
6t16papa1l~£l tvac •npLKU8£PVl)TlK6c• fOptac un6 TQV EDIVUIJ(G EtvtK6 IvµSo6Ato XpqoTAV 
Ttv Taxu6poµdn, o t apµo6 t6Tqttc Tou 6µ1c afopoh anoKAE·tot LK6 rat µ6vo TO 6nµ6o to 
fOpta £KIJET6AA£U0f)C ~TOl TQV 8p£tOVlK~ Taxu6pOIJlK~ Ynf)p£ola. En( TOU nap6vto( 
£(£t6~ovtat npot6a£tc yta Tf) ouy1p6Tqoq av£(6ptQTOU topta IJE tov tltAo Ynqp£ola 
Taxu6poµtK~( E(unqpttqoqc o onoloc ta tlvat £ntfopttoµtvoc µ£ tl)V tnonTela t1v 
napex6pev1v KatoAtK6v unqp£ot6v ev' nap6AAqAa ta yv1µ060T£l OTQV ruStpvqoq yta ttµaTa 
nou atopo6v to E6poc tou 1axu6poµtK06 µovon1Atou. 
H Taxu6poµu~ YnqpEola etvu 6qµ6ota Entxdpqoq IJE TPElC K6ptouc ETILXELPf)IJOTlK06( 
TOIJE((. Ttc ETilOtoAtc, ta 6tµata KOl ta KataOT~IJOTO E~unqphqoqc tOU KOlV06. <Ta 
tpant~lK6 TIJ~IJO un6 Tf)V EOIVUµ(a Girobank 6QIJlOUPY~ff)K£ IC tuyatplK~ ETOlpE{a 
anoKAELOTll~C KUpt6tqtac 10 1985 (Ql l6l1TlKOOOl~fQKE TOY Io6Ato TOU 1998 OEPlEPXOIJEVf) 
OTf)V KUpL6TQTO EtOlPElac XOP~YQOCJC Ot£YOOTLK6V 6avtl1v.) H £10lp£la KOTOOTQIJ6TIV 
e~unqphqoqc tou Kotvo6 t6p64qK£ tov OKTUpto tou 1987 1c anoKAttotu:~c a:upt61q1ac 
tuyatplK~ µ£ tqv tnnuµ(a Post Office Counters Ltd. H Royal Kail <Letters> rat q 
Parcelforce 6£v anot£Ao6v x1pto1tc voµtKtc ovt6tQtEC aAA6 6tatttouv x1ptoto6c 
£Olt£ptro6c Aoyaptaoµo6c a:al x1pto1~ opyav11ta:~ 6t6ptp1oq. 
H Royal "ail Letters 6tattttt 10 µovon1Ataa:6 tAtyxo TQC µEtafopdc 11v £ntotoA6v tt6oov 
q napox~ avaA6yn unqptoth 6tv unEp8a(vEL tQ 1 Hpa AyyAlac. (9£1p£ltat 6tt ri 
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3. IYIOtH ION ANTI[EIKENON HOY TEAOYM vno KOIOHOAIA[O EAEfXO 
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llEAH EDIITOAEI 
llEXPII EITYDA 
( 1) -----~Mtt_XIlHl!tUtLXftQ_~HQilR~!~~Q-~~t(XQ______ ---
DAlETA IYilEYEI lATEDEI- AERATA OOAHIH 
THAEOllOIO- fOITA fPAKKATO-
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dv ta iJQY611ata Qfopo6v TO REPlEX61JEVO tOU 6t1JGtO( ~ tOU nadtou 6£V lOX6El to 
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Mtlttq tn<: European Research Associates 
DAPAPTHRA 5 lOIIOTl[A lElftEIA DEPI YDHPEIIOI TAXYAPOMEIOY 
1. uuron 
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2. 10109£IIA ROY El409HlE ADO IO IYKBOYAIO 
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KGYOVlOP6( 222/77 13/12/76 
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an6taoq 87/415/EOK 15/86/87 
oOotaoq 88/598/EOK 24/11/88 
KOVOVlOP6<: 4151/88 21/12/88 
an6taoq 98/16/EOK 28/12/89 
KQVOVtop6c 1264/98 14/85/98 
an6fOOIJ 98/456/EOK 81/88/98 
avarolv1011 COK<98)447 26/89/98 OEPirPAtH 
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2-71/86 
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"yta tt<: 6ut4~EtC: not tnt8oMc: rolvoudv 
npo16n1v ota ypappatort8,tta" 
•yta anootoAtc: 11tow tou ouot~patoc: Eurorail 
express" 
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ttpoAoy(ou nt6c: TIJC £OK yta n£pto6td Kat 
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tup1nafr6 x•po noAtttottr~c: ouvtpyaolac• 
EUOI AllAt. HMEPOMHllA 
UtlOIJQ 2-1362/86 
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yv11.1066tqaq PE 118.194/ 84/82/87 
fin 
yv11.1066tqoq PE 119.858 16/12/87 
2-354/88 
2-259/88 11/11/88 DEPirPAtH 
•yla va ttpouv 6Aa ta ypa1.11.1at6oq1.1a t1v 
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[q~q~1n~q-~-~-t~utqqn_nrt_:_~~~1q_q~!~g ________________________________________________ q~Al~q_J~I 
DAPAPTHftA 6 IYMBAIH DTE -lYPIA AP8PA 
1. EIIArOrH 
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tqv t(ttaoq oto 1up(1( ctlptvo. <Xpqotponottltat £ft(~( to 0601qµa apltµqaq( t1v 6ptp1v tQ( 
t6p8aoq( aou unoyp6fqlt cat6 to Iuvt6pto tQ( Ou6otyc11v to 1989.) 
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19 OptOIJ6( GVTlK£l1JtVtV EDlOtOAlK06 taxu6poµt{ou 
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aptov<: £VEX6tJ£V£< Taxu6poptrt<: Ynqp£ol£C oupp£ttxouv otriv EnavanpoAfqo~ tou. 
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anatttltat va npo1to6v ta aeponoptrd 6tµata 6td TIJ<: tnty£tac: 0606. 
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nou 6taBtB6~£tQl o'autt<: an6 6.AAE<: UTIQPEOlE<:, n QOilK~ TOUC Eu~6vq 6µwc: 
ntptop(~Etal oe aut~v nou 6qA,VEtat yta avao,aAtoTa 6tµa1a tou l6lou 86.pouc;. 
2.2 AP9PO 19 AITilEIMENA EOIIIOAilOY TAXYAPOMEIOY 
1. Ta avttrt(µEva tntotoAtKo6 anotEAo6vTat an6 : 
a) EntotoAt<: Kat 6EAt~pta, anoKaAo6µtva an6 rotvo6 "LC", 
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anoraAo6vtat "atponoptK~ aAAnAoypaf(a". 
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8> avttr£{ptva 6vtu npottpat6tqtac; 6qA. avttrt(ptva yta ta ono{a o anootoAtac; 
txtt tntAt~Et xapqA6ttpo ttpoA6yto, nou ouvtn6yttat ptyaA6ttpo xp6vo nap66ooqc;. 
6. . 0 l URf)pEG {tc; 6tap£tU6ptof)c; U l tduco6 npoop Lopo6 XH p novtGL ta GVT u£lptva 
npou:pat 6tritac; •<: atponopu:~ aUqAoypat la· tn l tf) Uou 6 t ptph pufp {ouv, o L 
Ynqpto{tc; nptntt va £nttuA6ooouv TfJV {6ta pttaxt{ptoq rat 0£ avttrtlptva LC t6v 
6tv npoottpna t u.lhtpq tEunqphQOfJ otov anootoAh. Dapopo {1c;, 6£V y l vnu 
6t6rptoq pttaE6 avttrttptv1v 6vtu npottpat6tf)tac; rat Aotntv avttrttptv1v 
tnttavtlac;, ta onola npo1fo6vtat atponoptr6 pt ntptoptoptvq npottpat6tqta 
<SAL>. 
2.3 AP8PO 21 TAXYAPOMllA YEAH lAI OPIA BAPOYI lAI MEfE80YI. fEIIlOI OPOI 
1. To taxu6poptr6 ttAoc; yta TQ 6ta8l8aori avttrttptv1v £ntotoAtro6 taxu6popt{ou at 
6Ari tr)V trTaOr) tr)c; 'Ev1oric; op(~Etal £V6£trttr6 06pt1va pt Tl<: OT~Atc; 1, 2 rat 3 
tou n l vua 1 napada. Ta 6p ta Upouc; rat 11erUouc; op ( ~ona l 0611tna pt uc; 
oT~AE<: 4 rat 5 tou nlvara napar6T1. <O tv A6y1 nlvarac; napouot6~tTat OTO TtAoc; 
Tou nap6vToc; napapt~pnoc;. > En6c; an6 TfJV ntplnaoq nou npoSAtnttat oTo 6pfpo 
27, napdypato<: 6, caA6ntouv tQ 6tavop~ ttv avttrtt11tvYv OtQ 6tt6fuvoq un6 tQV 
npoUn64too 6tt aut~ n unqptola 6tavo11~<: Atttoupytl otQ x'pa npooptopo6 yta ta 
EV A6y1 QVtlK£lptva. 
2. Jo EKTEAtottK6 ruµSo6Ato t~ouoto6otdtat va ava4£ipd KOl va tpononotd ta 
Baotrd ttAQ TQC oT~Aqc; J p£ta~6 660 ruvt6pl1v. Ta ava4E1pqµtva ttAq Oa 
Baonovta t otn 6tdptoQ aUa uv TE Ah nou houv T£4d an6 ta µHq tl)c; · Enoqc; 
yla 6tEh~ rnxu6poµud avtlKdµeva an6 ttc; dptc; touc;. ea T£4o6v EV tox6t oE 
qµEpoµqvla nou fa opto4£( an6 to ErttAEOitK6 Euµ8o6Ato. 
3. Ta rpdtq µtAq µnopo6v, Kat't~alpEOfJ, va tpononoto6v TQV rAtµdK1oq twv Bap~v nou 
napouot6~£tat otriv napdypafo 1, un6 Tl( napardti npouno4to£tc; : 
a> na KUE Katn,yopla, Q tAhtotq 8a&µl6a Upouc; &a dvat ri napouota~6JJEVfJ 
OlfJV napdypafo 1, 
S> yta Kd&t Katqyop(a, n ttAeuta(a Ba4p(6a 8dpouc 6ev fa un£p8alv£t to ptytoto 
Bapo( nou napouotd~Etat otriv napaypato 1. 
4. Kpdtri JJt>.ri nou txouv rntapy~oEt ta 6eAt6pta, tv1una mt/~ µlKpd 6tµarn we; 
t6talt£P£( Katriyopltc; OVTlKElµtvwv €0lOtOAlK06 taxu6poµ£(ou Olf)V EOWlEPll~ rouc 
unqp£ola, µnopo6v va npd(ouv to aut6 ava9oplld µ£ rnxu6poptr6 uAtK6 na 10 
E~WHPlK6. 
5. Uft Ynqpto(a pnoptl va tnltptntl atpciypappna. ta onola dval atponoptd~ 
tntotoH<; nou anottAo6vrnt an6 t6.Uo xdptou a:at6HqAa 6lnhptvo Kat KOHriutvo 
OE 6AE\ ll\ nA£upt<;. Oot6oo, nape\ ll')V napdypafO 1, Ol 6lOOldOEl~ lOU t6nou 
au106 6tv nptntt va untp8a(vouv ta 118 X 228 1m Kat to p~Ko~ nptntt touAaxlotov 
va too6tat npo\ to nA6to\ noUanAaotaoptvo tnl tl)V tttpaynu~ pl~a tou 2 
<ntplnou: 1,4>. 
6. nap6 H<: napayp6fou( 1 Ul 3 <a>, ot taxu6poput< ·Yn11ptolt<: 11nopoh va 
ttapp6oouv pla np6tq 8afpl6a 86pou\ 11v 51 g yla tvtuna. 
7. Ta ttAq nou &eonl~ovtal evt6( t1v opl1v nou tKtl&tvtal 0111v nap6ypafo 1 txouv, 
Kat6 to 6uvat6v 111v l6la oxtoq µe1a~6 touc: 6n1( ta SaolK6 ttAQ. Kat't(alpeoq, 
tat evt6<: t1v 6taypatoptvev opl1v 0111v nap6ypato 1, K6fe taxu6poptK~ Ynqptola 
elvat dt6hpq va oapp6ou ata tUf) yta 6ddpta, tvtuna ~ PlKP6 6tpata 
6tatopettr6 0000016 a6(QOl'J< ~ trnt1011< an6 to tox6ov yla ta ttAQ entotoAAv. 
8. KUe raxu6popu~ Ynripeola µnope{ va ent1pttu yta EtlJJJEPl6£<: mt nepto6td 
er6t66µeva otq xApa ti)( trn11011 6xt µeyaA6ttplJ an6 58% tou tox6ovto\ ttµoAoylou 
yta ll')V KQTf)yop{a £fil0TOALK06 taxu6poµe(ou nou lOX6£L yta TO QVTLKE(JJEVO, 
6tatqp,vta\ to 6tral1pa ntptoptopo6 Tl')\ trnttOl'J\ auT~\ 0£ Etl'JIJEpl6£\ rat 
ntp to6 t d nou ernAqpo6v Tl\ ana t to6p£V£\ an6 eonep t ro6<; uvov L opo6<; 
npounoftott\ yta rat6ta(n oto ttpoA6yto £fl'JP£Pl6vv. H trn11011 aut~ 6ev 
tn£Kttlvttal oe epnoptr4 tvtuna 6n1<; rataA6you<;, tuAA66ta, ttporataA6you\ rAn, 
ave~dptl')TQ an6 Tl')V KQVOVlK6tl')TQ tK600~\ TOU\. ta l6ta .tox6ouv KQl yta 
6tafqplo£t\ 1un1µtve<; ot t6Ala npooaptqµtva OE £tflp£p(6e<; KGl nepl06lK4, EKt6\ 
eh anot£Ao6na t an6 up t oTd 6 t atQIH ot t d tvhta f e1po6µeva II\ avan6onao1a 
tµ~µata Tf)\ Efl')µEp{6ac; ~ tOU TIEPl06lKO~. 
9. Ot Ynqpeo(t\ µnopo6v avdloya va napaupo6v tr)V l6ta hnaoq yta 8t8>.la rat 
u6xq, yta napHto6p£\ pouotKn<: rat yla x4pu<;, un6 1riv npoun6feoq 6tt 6Ev 
nepttxouv 6tOtl'JPlOttK6 uAtK6 ~ allri 6lafftµlal') EKt6\ an6 au1ftv nou unapxet OTO 
E(,fUAAO n la EOitulla. 
19. Etqµepl6E<;, nepto6trd, 8t8Ala Kat 6Ala tv1una yla tov l6to napalnnTf) oTqv l6la 
6l£6fUVOI') µnopo6v va lODOftT06VTQl OE tva ~ ntpl006l£pOU\ £l6tK06\ OQKOU\ 
( ohou<; K >. To ttappo~6µtvo t Ho<; Yl a a u106<; tou<; ohou<; unoloy l ~Eta l OE 
8afµl6£<; Bapou\ tou 1 kg tw<; TO ouvoAtt6 86po~ Kdft odrou. Ol Ynqptolt~ µnopo6v 
VO ETil tpttouv hTillOI') YlO QUT06\ TOU~ OhOU\ 6.0U\ h\ 2et TOU KQl08lf)ttou 
TtAouc; yta tf) xpqotµonoto6µevq KaTqyopla avtlKEtptv1v. H tKnTvoq au1~ pnop£l va 
tlvat avt(aptf)lfl an6 lf)V npo8AEn6µevq ott\ napaypdtouc; 8 Kat 9. Ot odKot K 6tv 
undyovtal ota 6pla 86pov<; nov honl~ovtat 01qv napaypato 1. AEv unEpSnlvouv, 
1101600, 10 µtytoto Sdpo\ TMV 39 kg av6 OOKO. 
11. H Ynqpeola npo£lt6oev<; µnopE{, Evt6~ 1vv op{vv nov feonl~ovtat otqv napaypato 1, 
va tfapµ6~tt OE µq 1unonoun1tva avurt(µtva 6tafopotra tt>.() an6 ta 
e,apµo~6µeva yta tunonotqµtva avttre(µeva. 
12. 0 ouv6uaoµ6~ OE tva avtlKElµEvo El6~v yla ta ono(a clval rataSAqTta 6lafopttlKd 
ttAf) £YKp{V€lGl un6 Tf)V npoun6~€0f} 6u TO OUVOAlK6 8dpo<; 6EV untpSa(VEl TO 
µtytoTo S6po<; TrJ< Katqyopla< nou 6la~tTEl TO utqA6Ttpo 6pto 86pou<. To 
Efapµo~6µEYO TtAo< yta QVtlKE(µEVO auto6 TOU E(60U< tlvat, r:a16 1QV EDlAoy~ 1Q\ 
YnqpEola< npoEAt6ot1c;, aut6 tr)<: Ka1qyopla< µ£ 1qv utqA61tpq xpt1oq ~ TO 
Upotoµa nv 6taf6pn u:Uv nou tox6ouv yta dft d6oc; no anudµno. Ta 
avtt K£ l pna aut6 ftpouv lQ 6 t tur:p l v ton ""Envois· 1ixtes• < "Iuv6uaoµtvq 
taxu6p6µ11ori" >. 
13. Ia avtlrtlptva EntotoAtr:o6 1axu6poptlou nou anoo1tAAov1at taxu6poptr:6( 601( 
avatf Pttal 010 dptpo 16 6tv undyovtat 0£ ntplOPlOpo6( 86pouc: rat ptytfou( nou 
feonl~ov1al otqv nap6ypato 1. Atv untpBalvouv, 1ot600, 10 pty\010 86po( 11v 38 
kg av6 oho. · 
14. Ot Ynqptolt( pnopo6v va £fapp6oouv OE avttrtlptva Ento10Atco6 taxu6poptlou nou 
h.ouv taxu6po1u1f£l Otl( dpt( touc: to ptyuno 6plo Upou( nou honl~nal fla 
av6Aora tl6q 01qv to11£plK~ 1ou< unqpeola un6 tQV npoun6feoq 6tt ta avtlctlptva 
autd 6£v untpSalvouv to 6pto 86pouc; nou avattpEtat otriv napdypafo 1. 
15. Ol Taxu6poptrt( YnqpEolE<: pnopo6v va tnltptnouv IJEltptva 1tAq 86otl tf}( 
EOITEPlK~< tOU< YOIJO~Eolo<; flO OVllKE{IJEYO EOl0lOALK06 taxu6pOIJE(ou nou 
1axu6poµo6vta t otrJ dpa tou<;. Hnopo(Jv, A6you x6pq, va naptxouv npo1 q.1qo l ud 
tHQ OE µd~OVE( XP~OlE( TOU Taxu6poµdou. Autd ta npoupqotad tHq 6EV 
pnopo6v, eot6oo, va Elva t xaµqA6tEpa an6 ta t ox6ona otqv tontp u~ unqpEo la 
yta avttulpeva nou napouot6{ouv ta {6ta xapanqptottd (r:atqyopla, noo61111a, 
xp6voc: 6tar:lvqoqc;, rAn.>. 
2.4 AP8PO 25 : TAXYAPOKHIH AltllEIKEIOI EDIIIOhilOY TAXY6POMEIOY ITO E:OtEPilO 
1. !Ha xepa µHoc: 6tv 6toµ£6Etal VQ npov&notl ~ VQ napa6'0£l 010V napaMntq 
avtlKElµtva tnto10Alro6 1axu6poµtlou, la onola anootoAtl<: Eyrattotqµtvol otriv 
Entrpdtttd tQ<: anootoA~<: taxu6poµo6v ~ ava&ttouv npo<: taxu6p6µqoq OE (tvn xapa 
µe 016xo va En.,tEArJ~oOv an6 ta xaµnA6ttpa ttArJ nou tox6ouv EKE(. To (6to lOX6Et 
yta ra avttr:tlµtva nou 1axu6poµo6v1at OE µtydAE<: noo61qtE\, avc(dptqta an6 lo 
av ot taxu6poµ~ott\ autt<: ylvovtat anooron~vta<: OE 6ttAo<: an6 xaµqA6ttpa ttAq. 
2. H napdypa,o<; t tox6tt a6taKpl1wc;, 1600 yta aAAqAoypatla nou txEt Etotµaotcl otr) 
dpa qt::a1dotaori<: tou anootoAta Kat nou OlfJ ouvhtta µEtaftpttat ntpa an6 ta 
o6vopa, 600 KQl 0£ aAAqAoypaf(a nou txct EtOllJQOtEl OE (tvf) xipa. 
3. H OXEttK~ Ynqptola µnopd tlH va tntotpttEl ta avttrdµEvd tf)\ otov t6no 
npotAtuoqc; ~ va xptaon 1axu6poµa6 ttAo<; yta ta av1udµEva 010 6to<: av 
EOWTEP t dv tf)<; tt µoAoy h1v. £Q v o a nootoHa<: apvq~El va ra taUAE l to r:6µ l otpo, 
ta avtuElµna µnopo6v va 6taH~o6v o6µtwva µE tf}V EOWTEptr:n voµohola tfJ<: 
OXEllKn<: YnqpEolac;. 
4. To Kpdto<; µtAoc; 6Ev OEOJJ€6£1Ql 0€ anoooxn, npo,Of)Of} ~ 6tavoµn OtOU<: napaA~nTE~ 
QVTlKElµtvwv ETilOtOAlKOU lOXU6poµc(ou nov Ol anootoAc(<: taxu6poµo6v n ava&ttOUV 
npo<; taxu6p6µf}OfJ OE µqdAE<: noo6tf]H<; OE dHq x'pa an6 tr) dpa qrntdotaon<; 
touc;. H OXEttrn Ynf)pEola µnopd va Enlotptfct ta avtudµcva autd otov l6no 
npotAcuonc; TOU~ n va ta £TilOtpt9ct OtOU<; anootoAEl<: up(\ tnavaa:ataSoM lOU 
rata8tBAqµtvou ttAouc;. 
2.5 AP8PO 73 : lATAAHKTIKA TEAH 
1. I6µ,1va I.It to 6p3po 75, r63t Ynqp£ola, q onola Katd tt<: atponoplKt<: ~ tnlyttt<: 
ouva.Uayt<: HJ<: I.IE A Uri Ynr)pEo la napaAaµ8h£l µqaA<m:pq noo6tqta avt UE t µtvo 
EnlotoAlKo6 taxu6poµElou on6 aut~v nou onoottAAEl, tXEl to 6tral1µa Elonpa(ri<: 
nAqp11.1~<: an6 trJV anootUAouoa Ynqptola t<: ano{qµl1ori yta H<: nporaA06µ£VE<: 
6an6vE<: yta to tnlnAtov 6t£fvtc taxu6poptlo nou txtl nopaA68£t. 
2. H npo8AEn6p£VI) OtQV nap6ypafO 1 nAqp1µ~ opl{EtGl •<: £(~<: : 
<a> 'Otav 660 Ynqpuh( anaAUooouv .1.1na(6 tou( uponoptd( Ul tnltavuadc 
<aupnEptAaµ8avoµtv1v tou SAL) ouvoAtl6 86po( taxu6poµ£lou LC/Aoln•v 
avttl£tptv1v plrp6ttpo ~ loo npoc 158 t6vou( Etqolt<: av6 rat£6tuvoq, 1J tox6ouoa 
rat6 uA6 xphoq ta tlvu 2.948 SOR yu LC/AolDC\ avttulptva <tvtalo 
ttµoA6yto>, I.IE tqv E(alpeal) evt6n1v nou anoottAAovtat pt tt6tro6( o6rou<: 
<a6rouc R> nou avattpovtat oto 6ptpo 28, nap6ypafo 11. 
<8 > 'Otav 660 Ynqptol £<: anaU6ooouv pnaU tou( atponop t de cal tn tfav£l adc 
<oupntptAaµSavoµtvtou tou SAL) ouvoAtl6 86poc taxu6poµ£lou LC/Aotn•v 
an uu phn peyaA6upo av 158 t6vn ttqol •<: at dtt UH 6tuvol), 1J lOX6ouoa 
Kat6 KtA6 xpt1oq fa tlvat 8.115 SOR llO GVllKtlpEVO LC Kat 2.858 SOR yla Aotn4 
avTLKtlµtva (t6tolttpo HpoA6yto yta K6tt utqyopla>, I.IE tl)V E(alptoq av 
tvt6nn nou anoottHovta t PE et 6 l ro6c: ohouc: < ohouc: M > nou avaf tpovta l 010 
6ptpo 28, nap6ypato<: 18. 
<y> 'Otav at ntplnttoq untp8aol)<: tou ratttAlou ttv 158 t6v1v 0£ pla ratt6tuvoq, 
q Ynqptola nou napaAap86vEt tQ 6tarlvqoq nou untpSalvEt touc 158 t6vouc: pnoptl, 
y ta 1ov Katdoy t op6 Ttv rataAF)Ktt dv TE Uv nou avaf tpovTat OTO napaAritttv 
taxu6poptlo, va tntAt~El tva an6 ta 660 ouot~pata nAriP•P~<: nou nEptyp4tovtat 
ott<: unonapayp6fouc a> Kat S> nopon6v1. It ntplnt1oq anouolac 6tµEpo6c 
ouµtwvlac, To taxu6poµElo TrJC YnqpEolac nou anoottAAtt Aty61tpo an6 158 t6vou<: 
ttl)olwc: Aoyl{Etat, EV n6oq ntptnT,OEt, o6pteva µ£to Evtalo ttµoA6no nou 
opl{Etat otqv unonop6ypato a>. 
<6> fta tv1una anoottAA6µEva OE oaKKOU< M q tox6ouoa xptvoq E{vat 8,653 SDR avd 
kg, avt~4ptr)ta an6 To Et~oto 84poc tou avtaAAaoo6µtvou taxu6popt(ou µEta~6 660 
Ynqptoth. 
3. tE ntp{nt1oq nou µ{a Ynqptola, q onola nArip•vtTat 06µt1va µ£ ta 6tafoponotqµtva 
ttpoA6yta KataAr)ntdv ttUv yta LC rat Aotn6 avttKElµEVa 6n1c napouot4~ovtat 
otqv nap4ypato, 6 ton t odo£t 6TL o µtoo\ apt &µ6\ avtt Ht µtvvv <LC rn t1n Ao L nd 
avtudpna> nou nEpthovtat 0£ ha xtAt6ypaµµo taxu6poptKo6 uAtKo6 nou txEt 
napaAqt&d dvat utnA6t£po an6 tov nayK6opto µtoo 6po, o onoloc Elvat 48 
avttKdµna LC Kat 5,6 Aotn4 avttKdµtva, µnopd va ava3£ttp~oEL ta avtlorntxa 
ttpoA6yta tdv, ouyKptv6µtva µ£ auT6v tov nayK6oµto µtoo 6po : 
0 apttp6c TIV OVllKElµtvwv LC E{VQL dvw tlV 15t u•qA6t£PO\ (6nA. 
ntptoo6t£pa an6 55 avttKtlµtva> Katin 
o apttµ6~ ttv AotnAv avtLKELµtvwv tlvat av1 tttv 25t u•qA6tEPO<: (6qA. navw 
an6 1 QVllKElµEVQ). 
ttriv nEplnt1oq autn, to Kata8Aqtto an6 tqv xptwoto6oa Ynqptola noo6 
rataAnKttKAv tEAAv too6tat npoc tq 6ta,opa JJEta(6 twv OfEtAoµtvwv ouv6Avv an6 
K6tt Ynqptola yta tq ouvoAtKn tr)\ taxu6poµt«n Klvrion pttd tqv t•apµoyn twv 
[q~~~1nuq_~-~-~~u~qqn_rrr~_:_~~~1q_~~t~q ________________________________________________ q~!l~q-~1~ 
KataAA~A1v ttµoAoylwv. H ava&E,PflOfl 6tE~GYElQl µE lOU< 6pou~ nou Ka&opl{Etat oto 
4p3po 187 twv htntoµEp'v Pu&µlotwv <8Atnt unooqµEltoq•>. 
4. K63E Ynqptola µnoptl va napattQfE{ t( oAolA~pou ~ tv ptpEL an6 TL< npo8Atn6pEVE< 
OTQV nap6ypa90 1 nAqpept(. 
5. Ot OXEttrt( unqpEalE( paopo6v, ptat 6tptp6v ~ noAuptpAv aup91vt6v, va £9app6aouv 
4AAa OUOT~pata nAqpep~( flQ TQY £(6tAQOQ t•V Aoyaptaop6v TIY rataAQKTlKAV 
tEAh. 
2.6 lPIPO 74 : llUAHltllA YEAH fIA lllllEillEIA IPOIEPlIOTBtlt, HEY DPOTEPAIOIHTAI lAI 
EYl&YAIREll AltllEIREIA 
1. 'Otav xpqatponot£ltat Evtalo ttpoA6yto yta LC/Aotn6 avttlElpEva o6pftva PE tl( 
6tat6(tt( tou 6pfpou 73, napdypato<; 2, a> rat y>, xpqotponoultat to l6to 
ttpoA6yto yta avttKE{pEva npotEpat6tqta(, 6vtu npotEpat6tqta( rat ouv6uaoptva 
avn u l pna. 
2. 'Otav xpqatponoto6vtat 6tatOP£ttr6 ttpoA6yta yta avttKElpEva LC rat Aotn6 
avtlltlpEva o6pttva PE tt( 6tat6(&l( tou 6pfpou 73, nap6ypato<; 2 <8> rat 2 <y>, 
q x6pa npotAE60EI( rat q x6pa npooptopo6 pnopo6v PE 6tptp~ oupt•vla va 
anotaolaouv 6n ta tox6ovta upoA6yta yta avtutlpeva npoupat6tqta( Kat 4v£u 
npoupa t6tQta( op l ~ovta l En l tq 860£ l tr)( l ox6ouaa( 6 uiptp1oric; tQ( 6 tad vqaqc;. 
h ntp { R'tlOf} CIOOUO (Cl( OU\lfttY (G(, lOX60UY 0 l 6Ut6~£l( TIOU KClfOp Hon al OTO 
aptpo 73, napdypafot 2 <8>, 2 <y> rat 3. Itqv n£plnaon aut~, ta avuulp£va 
npot£pat6tQtac £vo1pa16vov1at oto LC rat ta 6v£u npotEpat6tqta( ota Aotna · 
avtudptva. 
3. f ta ouv6uaoptva avuulptva nou anaU6ooovtat o6ptna PE uc; 6tat6~tt< tou 
apfpou 28, nap4ypa9oc; 12, opl~ovtat PE 6tp£p~ oup91vla rataAqKtllC ttAn µEta~6 
11v Evtxoµtv1v xwptv. 
4. 'Otav p(a Ynqptola ano,aoloEt va 6tar6tet tQ 6t6rptoQ tou taxu6poµElou OE LC rat 
Aotnd GVllKElµEva untp EVO( OUOT~µalO( OE 8Coq npOTEpat6TqTa<, 6nou TO 
TEAEuta(o nporaAEl Enl6paon ota rataAnrttrd ttlq o6µtwva µE 1nv nap6ypa•o 2, to 
vto o6oTqµa µnopE( va Etoaxttl p6vo lr)V lQ Iavouaplou ~ tqv 11) Ioul(ou, un6 tf}v 
npoun6&tol) 6tt To AtEht( fpafdo hEt EVr)pEp10d OXETtKO touAOxtotov TPEl( 
µ~VE( EK tiV npottpwv. 
3. AP&PO 25 
• To 4p&po 25 Tl)C ruv&~KIJC npayµaTt6ETat aut6 nou Elvat t'pa yvwot6 1c avataxu6p6µQol). AqA,vEt 
6tt raµ(a Taxu6poµtr~ Ynqpto(a rpdtou< µtAouc; ti)( RTE 6Ev 6Eoµt6Etat va npow&~OEl ~ 
napa6iOEl £RlOTOAlK6 taxv6popE(O nou npotpXETQl EVlO( TIV op(wv TOU, tXEL 6µ1( taxu6poµq&E( 
otouc u:d napaMn TE< an6 (hn xtpa. RpooH TEL En l on< 6T l 11nopo6v En l OI)( va apvn&o6v t n v 
6_tHn£palwon 1axu6po11dou nou hEL rntatE&d o'aut~v an6 to E~ITEPlK6 mt npoop(~Etat yta 
tp ( tt<: X'PE(. 
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£(~< 
LC: l<Mtoo< aptfµ6<: avTLKEtµtvtv av6 kg x 8, 18) + 8,881 x 1,43, 
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q~!{6q_~1! ________________________________________________ [q~q~1u~q-~-~-~~~~qqrr_[I~-~-~~~~q_q~!~q 
H apxtr~ np6f£oq tou nap6vto<: 4pfpou ~tav va anotptt£l tou<: anootoAEl<: OE µla x•pa va 
napa66oouv £ntot0At16 taxu6poµ£{o otqv unqptola taxu6poµ£lou 0£ 4AAq x•pa npo<; 
nap66ooq otq x6pa npo£A£6o£•<: µ£ 01006 va £n1teAqfo6v an6 ta xaµqA6t£pa ttµoA6yta otqv 
(tvq x6pa. I1on6<: tOU ~tav ER{OI)( f) 6lGl~PQOIJ ti)( 6t6pfplOIJ<: 11Y (QlGAl)llll'V TEA•v . 
. 
To ne6lo £fapµoy~( tou 6ptpou ene116tq1e an6 to ouvt6pto tQ<: DIE otqv Ottawa to 1957 
0£ GVtlK£lp£YG nou 1atat(f£VlGl OTO £(1l£Pll6 0£ µey6A£<: noo6Tl)T£( GY£(6ptl)ta an6 ll)V 
np6feaq va entt£Aqto6v an6 xaµqA6tepa TtµoA6yta. 
to R£6(o £fGPPOY~( £D£KT6fqK£ ntpatttp1 an6 TO ouvt6pto tOU Rio de Janeiro TO 1977, TO 
onolo r.apax6pqae Ott<: Taxu6poµt1t<: Ynqpeol£<: To 6t1al1µa 6pvqoq( 6t£1nepal1on<: 
taxu6pdµelou nou txtt napaAqfftl an6 ~ nou txet 1aTat£f£l 0£ autt<: £« µtpou( 
anoatoUev an6 6Uq dpa, dv aut6 6£v npoopl~ttat µ6vo yta tf) dpa tou •anooToHa, 
aAA6 en(OIJ( tal yla tpltt<: x6p£(. tto tuvt6pto 1ou Plo npoottfqrt q tttaptq nap6ypato<: 
010 6ptpo 25. 
3. 2 EtAPllOrH 
Ol Iaxu6poµu:t<: Ynf)ptalt<: ta txouv otnv npd(q tvav an6 tou<: 660 A6you<: yta 1qv 
tfapµoy~ tou 6ptpou 25 : 
tlt£ iat6 tqv £fapµoy~ tou dpfpou 25.1, fewpo6v 6tt to taxu6poµelo elvat eyx•pto 
Kal enoµtn<: tlvat r:ata8Aqtta ta 6td tou<: £oneptd ttµoA6yta <µ£ oa:on6 tqv 
nponaola tou voplµou µovondlou tou<:, n npantr:~ autn tut evfappuvhl an6 
TO yeyov6<: 6tt ta KataAnr:ttrd ttAn Elvat xaµqA6ttpa an6 ta ttµoA6yta 
tontpu:o6>, 
ratd tqv Efapµoy~ tou dp~pou 25.4, tnt~uµo6v va EKfpdoouv tqv aAAqA£yy6q tou<: 
l.1£ tr1v taxu6po11u:n YnqpEola 6nou El vat qr:atEotq1.1tvo<: o anoot0Ata<: rat tf)<: 
onola<: 6£v tytv£ xp~oq. Entfuµo6v tnoµtvw<: va tlxav Ad8Et to 1axu6poµtlo an6 
trJ x•pa A Kat 6xt an6 TQ dpa B, aa:6µa Kat otqv ntplnaoq nou to tnlnt6o 
xphoq<: tlvat to l6to. H apxn tyuttat oto 6tt n dpa A xhH tto66qµa 10 
onolo 6ta:ato6tat 11<: Eavtt~ Taxu6poµta:~ Ynqptola. 
Ito nAa(oto aut6, µnopd va y(vEt a:atavof)t6 6tt ot Taxu6po1urt\ unf)pEo(E<: avqouxo6v 
an6 tqv avataxu6p6µqoq Ott<: 6td•oPE\ µop,t\ tq\. £lvat, wot6oo, ou~qt~otµo tatd n6oo n 
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an6Vtf)Of) OE tva, Kat'dAAOU(, µdAAov EµnoptK~\ •60EW\ np68Aqµa. 
To r:upl11<: u(µtvo TOU Rpdotvou Bt8.Hou E~ETH£l Katd n6oov ta 6pyava HJ( nTE Katd lf)( 
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tf)<: PAµnc: tat µE touc: 016xouc: tf)\ Evtala\ ayopdc:. 
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an6 28g 188 g 
an6 1 Hg •c: 251g 
an6 251g •C: 5Ug 
an6 581g •c: 1881g 
an6 1818g 1<; 
2Hlg BAIUO OPIA 
TIMOAOf 10 BAPOYI 
<ETA) 
] 
8.37 
8.88 
1. 76 
3.38 
5.88 4 
2 kg AIAITArEII 
5 
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___________________________________________________ !!~_@@~-------------------------------------
CECO- BA. dpfpo 18 7 kg 
~RA~~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIKPA ti~ 188 g 8.48 2 kg 
AEKATA an6 188g 1<; 258g 8.74 
an6 251g M<; 588g 1.32 
an6 511g w<; 1888g 2.21 
an6 1888g w< 
_________________ !ll!g ___________ J~l~----------------------------------------------------------
~~~t~q_i1~ ________________________________________________ [q~~~1n~q-~-~-~~~~q~n_[l~_:_~~~tq_~~~~q 
RAPAPIHRA 7 ROIOIHTA RAPEXOMENON YDHPEIION 
1. EIIAfOfH 
lcn6 trJV a(toAl>yf)Of) t1J<: tvvola<: tf)<: •not6tf)ta<:", Elval OQ1Javtu:6 na 6Aouc: touc: topdc; 
napox~c; unqp£oth va tup~oouv dfE p(a an6 ttc; K6pt£c; t6o£t<: nou ouvtoto6v tr) o6voAI) 
unqpeala, <al l6tatttp11c; uc; t6ouc; H£lvtc; nou 6qUv£t ut6 6peoo ·tp6no o nd6trJc;. 'EtcH. 
nap6 To yeyov6c; 6tt o xp6voc; nou anal td tat y ta ti) 6 tavop~ ev6c; avT uuphou anotdt l 
ouoLaatu6 noue(o, Kat 6Uec; ntuxtc; tl)c; nothl)tac; 1rnopo6v va t:lfft ol)panutc; yu tov 
uAhq. 
tnl~onac; optophtc; an6 tu: ntuxtc; ante; ta '1nopo6oav va avafepto6v 11 ouisntptfop6 Tou 
npoa1ntro6 n1l~oe1v. I) 6taf£Olp6tl)TQ ftlOt60£1V, I) £U£Al(la tlV D£PlOUAAoy6v, I) l6lOfU(a tOU 
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6lateotp6tqta nAqpofopt6v oxetlr6 pt tqv en(6ooq 11v napexoptv1v unqpeol6v· ev ouvtopla, Ol 
6lhopec; nuxtc; tou npaypcnuof> npooavcnoAtopo6 npoc; Tov ndhl) nou 6tathu tvac; toptac; 
upn6lleuo·qc;. 
ncpatttp1, o opLap6c; tf)c; not6tl)tac; dvat ntfav6 va utaotd u6pa nto analtf)ttK6c; yLa touc; 
topelc; erpet6AAeuoqc;. Aut6 nou tic; np6otata ~tav ano6ert6 •<: travonotl)tlK~ not6tf)ta £v6txetat 
t6pa va fe1peltat Kat6t£pfJ. fta nap66etypa, ratd to np6otato napeAf6v noAAo( topelc; 
£KP£t6Aleuoqc; •e1po6oav tf)V unf)p£ola £~unqpttqoqc; n£Aat6v 1c; entxttpqotaK~ Atttoupyla, 6nou 
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n t fav6tepo 6u fa undpu l t t 6 t K4 u:na t 6euptvcc; fop tac; e(unqphqoqc; neAath. < Taut6xpova, 
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TOU pdpK£TlVYK tf)c; ur.npeolac; aut~c;.> 
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np6tuna <toetepts:d, e~1ttptK~ ~ Kat ta 660>, nptntt va IJETPrJ~E( fJ tnl6oon 1c; npoc ta np6tuna. 
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6pdon yta tn,v avttlJEtintoq onotou6~not£ £AA£(1J1Jatoc; 1Jtta(6 npot6nou rat £nl6oonc;. 
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tnl6oonc. Ta ox6Ata autd avaftpovtat tt6tr6ttpa ot £nto10Atrtc unqp£olec;, 6£6011tvou 6tt auttc; 
elvat ot unqpto{£<: yta H<: ono{t<: u,lotatat ri t:6pta unoxphaf) napox~c; uaoAtr:~c; un11ptolac. 
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Atttoupy{a tAtyxou, t(t16~ov1at tnloric 010 Ktt6Aato 4, nap6ypa,oc 7.> 
2. DPOTYRA 
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aur~v tf)v f)IJtpoµqv(a 016xo s:uµalvttal µ£Ta(6 81t Kat 188t. 
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np,tfJ<:/6t6ttPfJC t:Adonc txouv ,uots:d xaµqA61epa np61una yta 111 6t6rtpfJ rAdoq. 
3. IYITHftATA ftETPHIHI 
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anoteAtopata.> · 
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ptTp6 an6 TQ OTtYP~ nou To 1axu6popelo taxu6popeltat an6 tov neA61q tic: tq OTlYP~ nou tfdvet 
OTO t£AlK6 aqpe(o 6lGVOP~C:-
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unqpeotAv untAE{ntTo nAtov Tou 18t Tav anottAeop411v TOU npoqyouµtvou ouoT~paTo<;. 
H ratavoµ~ tev pe1pqµtv1v anotEAtop4Ttv notilAAtl oqµavttr4. OptoµtvE<; Ynqptolec: 6qpootE6ouv 
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µ6vo yla £0tTEptr:o6c: AettOUPYlKo6c: OKOnoOc:. 
4. AOIBEI RTYXEI THI ROIOIHTAI 
'Onie: ava9tptqu: napanht, f) not6tota 6Aev HIV ntuxh HIV napuoptv1v unqptoth 11noptl va 
1J£TP1Jfd. Ito nap6v 6(6etat tptaon at optoptvec: nTuxtc: nou oxul~ovtat IJE Tl)V 
npo-taxu6p6pl)Ol) KDl Tl)V IJETa-6taVOIJ~. 
4.1 OPO-TAXYAPOMHIH 
f ta ouv~tElC: p£µovvµtvouc: ntA4tt<;, o np6o8aon npoc: tt<: unqptolt<: Taxu6popelou afopd ti) 
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6ta~eotµ6Tqta Ol)IJE(tv n4Al)Of)C ypappaTOO~IJIV. 
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IJETpqOo6v <A6you xdpq IJE XP~Or) •puoTtlAV ntAaTAv•, 
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4.2 &IAIOKH [Al KEIA-AIAIOKR 
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6ulhouv u6u~ unqpeola <yu tl)v onola xpdvnal apol8~>, q onola e(aotaU~tt ti) 
6tavop~ nplv an6 tqv 17.31 np1tv~. Optoptvec Ynqpeolec npooftpouv enlaqc 660 6tavoptc 
qpepqa(t(, touA6XlOtOV Otl( l£YTPlKt( R£PlOXtc. 
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npot6nn cat 1J µhpqaq trJC ul6oaqc;. <Itqv neplnaaq aut{) ta np6tuna nptnet va 
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ea nptntt luc; tn(oqc; va avnpea11totd a:atd n6oov elval or:6nq10 va utlotavtat 
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avttulµeva nou txouv unootd t&opa. <Ta tox6ovta 6pta ano~qµliOrJ~ &a ouvuloouv va 
notdHouv. > 
Ot Taxu6poµtrtc: Ynqpeo{E( nptnet va 6ta6ttouv oat~ noAtttr:n OXEttrd µE to av 
6rn.100 u:6ouv oto txda Yl« avtt u l ptva andeo~tvta ~ nou txouv unoott l tfopd, ~ y ta 
Qvt Ud µ£Va TIOU houv QDOOTQAE ( OE Aav6aoptv£( lat£u66vOE l c; n houv napa6o6£ ( OE 
EOfoAµtVE( 6tEU66vottc;. 

[q~t~1n~q~t-~_lq11An~11[q_1tAn ___ ~-----------------------------------------------------~~!i~1-~fl 
DAPAPIHRA 8 lAlAAHKlIKA TEAH 
1. EIIAfOfH 
Enl ottp6 noAA•v tTAv •6tartvo6vTav• Taxu6poptlo p£Ta~6 11v x1pAv x1pl( va un6pxtt AoytoTtK6 
o6oTl]IJO. Utt avtooptpua oTov 6tauvo611no 6yKo •nap£Yp6tno•. ·AKoAo6hc:, uo~xfq ha 
o6otf]IJG xpt1oqc: ti]( anooTtAAouoac: Ynqpeola(. Avtl yta tQv nlqp111~ t1v otttAoptv1v Ttl•v rat 
an6 tl( 660 e11nAeK6ptvec: Ynqpeolt( ae r6fe oxtoq avtallay~c:. aupftv~f~rt 6Tl p6vo o TtAtr6( 
anootoUac: fa nlqphu TOY ttlu6 anootdA6pno 6yu npoc: TIJV ttltdc: napaAap86vouoa dpa. 
A6y1 auTo6 tou yeyov6toc:, To o6otqpa ano~qp(1oqc: rattAq~e yv1ot6 1( •ttlq 6tafop6(•. 
Ta ttlq aut6 tla~xfqoav apty6c: 86otl 86pou(. 'Eytv£ ntfav6c: q un6teaq 6tt to ptoo 
6tut vo6pevo uA6 11naO onot1v64note 660 uph ta e lu ut6 to pUAov ~ ~ttov to aut6 
neptex6pevo. Jo o6otqpa ttAAv 6ev eA6p8ave un6tq o6te tov apttp6 t1v taxu6poptrAv 
aYtlKEl1Jtv1v 0611 Tf]V tntfUIJl]T~ E~UnqptTl)Of]. 
H xpt1aq tytve yv101~ •( ratalqrtt16 ttlq. Enonte6ovtav, xat ouvexl~ouv ar6pa va enonte6ovtal 
an6 tqv DTE. Ta ratalqrttr6 Ttlq petpAvtat ae xpuo6 fp6yra <gf>, tva nlaopattr6 v6ptopa nou 
txet oTatep~ ouvaAAaypaTtr~ Ttp~ pt TO Et6tr6 Tpa8qxttK6 Atral1pa <Droit de Tirage Special, 
ETA>. H otafep~ avaAoyla tlvat 1 ETA= 3.161 gf. <'Eva xpuo6 fp6ylo l006tal neplnou pt 8,35 
ECU. > Ta KataAqKnd THI] avafnpo6vtat at rUt ouvt6pto tf)( DTE, nou lap86vtt dpa rUe 
ntvt£ ttq. H E(tlt(f] TIV KOtOAl]KTlK6v Ttl6v EIJtavl~Etat OTOV ntvaKa 1. 
ntvarac: 1 : Au(~OElC: 11v raTalf)Kttr6v ttA6v rat6 To naptAf6v 
r------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
Iuvt6pto 'Etq tox6oc: AvaAoyla 
----------------- -+----------------------------- ---------------------------i 
Konqdyq 1975-1979 1'5 gf/kg 
Rio de Janeiro 1988-1984 5,8 gf/kg 
Ap8o6pyo 1985-1989 8,8 gf/kg I 
----------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------- ' . 
fiqy~ tuvt6pto DTE <1974, 1979 rat 1984> 
O L au(~ou c; h £ l vav va anouAo6v p6vov avtt rd IJEVo 6 t anpaypatE 6ouv nap6 paHov npoonUt ta 
arpt8o6c; avttratontplOIJ06 av 6anavh. Ot At y6ttpo avan1uy1JtvEc; x'pt<; <ot onoltc; houv Ta 
(6La 6tr:atA1JatO ·~tOU OTO ouvt6pto 6n11c; Ol QV£nTUYIJhEc; dpt<;) anoHAo6v Tr)V nlELOtfl•(a. 
Elvat En(oqc; Hltro( napaA~nttc: 11c; npoc; To Upoc; <ouv~hc; (owe; En£L6~ napaAaµBdvouv tvTuna 
Bapouc; Kat anoo1HAouv avttr:d1Jtva IJLKpo6 Upouc;>. Ot Aty6Hpo avtnTUYIJtvtc; x'ptc; talvttaL 
6tt txouv tntv6t6uµtvo OUIJ,tpov yta 6tatOprioq ouotOIJato<; ano{qµl11oqc; nou Baol{ttat OTO Bdpoc;. 
btv o:nMooE L 10 ycyov6c; 6TL •a ( vtta t va txouv en t XE tpftot t a6(rio11 av tt µoloy ( 11v ota 6tn nou 
~a µnopo6ot va av1titt 11 "ayopd" <6f}la6ft, OL avtn1uy1Jtvtc; x'ptc;>. 
To 6tttvtc; taxu6poµtr:6 o6otnµa nou tAtyxttat an6 tnv RTE Atttoupycl 1J6vo IJEta(6 Taxu6p01JlK'v 
Ynf)ptot•v. H RTE 6£v avayv11p(~tl TO p6Ao t6tttttr4v fopt11v EKIJtt6AAtuof}c; 010 o6otf}IJO. E6v tvac; 
t611ttK6<; 9optac EKIJET6lAtuof}c; tntfuµE( va anor:tftott np6o8aoq oto o6otf}IJO aut6, nptntl va 10 
~~!l~~-~ii _________________________________________________________ qq~q~1n~q-~-~-~q1q!n~1t~~-1t!n 
np6(£ l ptot HJ<: £ (Unr)phf)Or)<: TOUAdx l OTOV IJ ( ac: Taxu6pOIJ ll~< Ynf)p£o ( ac:. At6out YOU 61l ta 
rataAQKltK6 ttAq anottAo6oav oqpavttK6 ototxtlo 6an6vnc: yta tqv EV A6ytt Taxu6poµtK~ Ynqptola, 
fa ano1£Atoouv OIJIJGVtlK6 ROOOOT6 TIJ<: tata8Aq1tac: an6 tOV l6llllK6 fOpta EKIJ£T6AAEUOIJ<: TllJ~<: 
npoc: tqv taxu6poptr~ Ynqpto{a yta np6o8aoq oto 6ttfvtc: taxu6poptr6·o6otqµa. 
2. IPEIOI IIIOAOfIO lAIAAHlTl[QN TEAOI 
lat6 to t£A£Utalo ouvt6pto OtQY Ou6otyKtOY tOV A£Ktp8pto tou 1i89, OUIJflV~flJKE p(o 
noAunAodnpq 6t6ptp101) Katdqntdv tdh. to nA~pec: ulpno trJC: DTE avafoptd pt tlJ 
6t6ptp1oq aut~ napouot6~ttat 010 nap6ptqpa 6 <un6 to 6pfpo 73 ti)<; I6pSooqc: tQ<: RTE>. 
H vto 6t6pfp1oq 6tarplv£t peta(6 po•v 6ta1lvqoqc; dv1 ~ «611 ttv 158 t6vv1v etqol•<: 
<oqpanu6c; apt~IJ6<: nou tox6u p6vo oe penovtc; tpnoptd<: ounpyaolec: pna(6 1axu6pop£ln>. 
Edv 1J rurAofopla uneptSatv£ tov aptfp6 aut6 npoc: apf6t£p£c; Kateuf6voEt<:, fa loxuav 
6tatopnu:6 tHq av6 uA6 yu 6tarlvqoq LC UL Aotnh anuuph1v· dv unohtn6tav, fa 
naptpne ev tox6u rat ouc: 660 ntalou tOouc;. EnuUov, dv to µtao Sdpoc: trJC: 6tarlvqoqc: 
ptac; Taxu6poµu~c: Ynqpeolac: •t(66ou• npohunn aqpavud 6tafOPEtu6 an6 to naydopto ptoo 
6po, fa pnopo6oe 1J Ynl)pEola •eto66ou• va npoSel OE 6tafopettr~ xpt100, avd avttKElpevo. 
Ev ti peta~6, optoptva ptAq TIJC: CEPT Kat dAAec: taxu6poptltC: YnqpeolE<: ElO~yayav TO 6tK6 TOU( 
0601qpa nou ntptElXt t6oo pova6ta{a xpt1oq 600 rat xpt1oq Katd Sdpo<;. To6to fa avttpet,nt~E 
touAaxtotov tpqpattK6 tva an6 ta npoSA~pata <nou OQIJEttvovtat 0111v napaypafo 3.1 napaKdt1> PE 
10 a60tf)IJa TfJ<: DTE -tf)V anoKAElOtlK~ e~dptf)OQ tOU OUOt~pato<: xpt1011<: an6 TO 86po(. 
dte~ayovtat, ~01600, cnl tou nap6vto( 6ttpEuv~oEt<: tou napan6v1 ouot~patoc pttd an6 
6tapaptup(a 6tt avttotpat£6Etat rad aH1n10 tp6no tov anay1vtop6 tl<: Sdpo<: av l6tttuh 
,opttv £KIJEt6AAtUOIJ(. 
O<: anolHtcsua ti')<: an6tO.OIJ<: tou ouvt6plou ti}<: Oudot ynov <UL ti)<:· npoqyo611cv11<: nptttoBouAla<: 
tf)<: CEPT>, utlotatat t'pa touAdxtoto ntvtE 6tafopEttrd ouot~pata nou AEttoupyo6v EV napaAA~A• 
ptoa otr,v totv6tf)Ta : 
10 o(umu.1a '£fl<: CEPT < nou AE t toupyd, napaod yµnoc xtipn, µc 10(6 ran la<; rn l Hnµtvou 
BaotAElou> -8,37 gf/avttKElµcvo ouv 3,75 gf/avttKtlµcvo, 
av1 tiY 158 16vv1v av6 KQT£6fuvon <napa6c(yµato<: xdpf), ptta~6 ItaAla<; KGl Oµoonov6taK~<: 
Ariµorpatla<:> -24,85 gf/kg yta LC Kat 6,3 gf/kg YlG Aotnd aVTlK£l1J£Va, 
a:ht av 158 t6vvn 0£ p (a s:att6fuvon < napa6d YIJatO<: xdpn, an6 EHd6a npo<; ran la>, 
aAAa QVij lttV 158 t6VVttV Otf)V aAAf) -E(TE 9 gf/kg npoc: aµ96t£PE<: KQT£Uf6voEl<; ~ p6vo OE 
p(a ratc6fuvoq Kat n avaAoyo6oa KAaoµattK~ Ent8dpuvoq otqv dAAq, 
K6tu tttv 158 t6vvwv OE a11t6tEPE<: ratcuf6vott<: <Lott<: pcta~6 EAAd6ac Kat RoptoyaAlac:> 9 
gf/kg t6oo yta LC 600 rat Aotna avttrtlpcva, 
naptu.Atof} an6 Tov "r:av6va" LC/Aotn6 avHK£(lJEVa <lott<; an6 tl<; Kda Uptc npo<; tfl 
faAAla> : 8,4~ gf/avttrt(µcva ouv 3,85 gf/kg. 
Ent nHov av ouotqµ6tn trl<: RTE r:a l trJ<: CEPT, pnopo6v nhtoTE va ouvatfo6v rat dUt<; 
6tµepe{<; ~ noAupepc(<; oupfttV(E<; µcta(6 660 ptµovwptvttv Taxu6poptr'v Ynqpcot,v. <H I6µ8aon 
tr)( HIE Ent tptn£l OUIJfli!V(E<; QUt06 TOU d60U( Oll( ono(E<; npooupo6v EAE6&tpa Ol EV£X61JEVE<; 
Taxu6poptrt<; Ynqpco(c<;.> 
[q~q~1n~q-~-~-~q1q!n~11!q_1t!n __________________________________________ ~--------------~~!i~~-~£~ 
3. IXEIEII RETA=Y KAIAAHCTilON TEAON lAI AADANON 
ta l vna l h l un6pxouv tpuc: nEp loxtc: 6nou tva tYla ( o KatoAt d o6otqµa Ka1aAqn uh HUv 
napouou\~nu vo pqv onavu:U uptUc: ttC: 6anht<:, uUc: tnloqc: «al µla thap1q 6nou to 
o6otqpa aut6 6tv Aop86vtl un6tq tlpoAoytal~ 6t6ptp1oq. 
3.1 AIIIIEillEIA/BAPOI 
Optv an6 to ouvt6pto tq( Ou6otyrtov rata8aAA6tav q l6ta aao~qpl1aq 0£ rtA6 ave~6ptqta 
an6 1ov aptfp6 t•v avtLK£Lµtv1v nou neptAap8av6tav av6 XLAL6ypappo. 'Etot, tva KLA6 
nou nepttlxe 188 1 ento10Atc: 11v 18 g 6trato61at 1qv l6ta ano~qpl1oq 6n1c: tva rLA6 nou 
ano1tAtl1at an6 2 1 8t8Ata 11v 511 g. 
Ot 6anhtc: 6tavop~c: ti)( napaAap86vouoac: Ynqptalac: el vu, tuau6, nol6 6tofopnutc: 
µnaU touc:. Ta 8ap6upa avtt u l ptva houv yn L d 6anavqphepq napUoaq < nap6 to 
yeyov6c: 6tt o aqpavttr6tepoc: nap6yov1ac: tlvat 10 ptyetoc:>, aataA•c: 6111<: q noaoattala 
a6~qoq r6otouc: tlvaL rat6 noA6 ptrp61epq an6 1qv noooattala a~~qaq 86pouc:. 
'Onie: avttra1ontpl~t1at 01q 6qp6ota ttpoAoytar~ 6tdptp1oq r6tt Ynqptolac:, q opt6ttpq 
OVTlOTOlX(G £(Val TO pova6ta(o K60TOC: PE Satpta(a a6~qaq 86pouc:. 
J.2 ADAIYOYMEIO EDIDE40 E:YDHPETHIHI 
To o6votec: 0601qpa acataAqnuh ttAh 6tv npo8Unu ta 6t6fopa anu 106ptva enlne6a 
e~unqpttqoqc. 'Etot, µla ttQPtpl6a yta 1qv onola anat1tl1at taxtla 6tavop~ ta txet tqv 
l6ta ano~qp(eoq 6n1c tva htuno avtttedptvo 1ou t6lou 86pouc:, yu1 to onolo ta 
enapro6at ev6txo11tv1c: rat apy6ttpq 6tovop~. revtl4, to avttrtlµtva nou anatto6v taxtlo 
6t avop~ < nphqc d6onc: > d vat avt u:d 1.1.:va p upo6 B6pouc · 10 ovtt rd ptvo 8pa66ttpqc 
6tovo1.1~c: (6t61epqc rAdoqc:> ttlvouv va tlvaL Sap61epa. To yeyov6c au16 1ovl~tl enoptvv\ 
ti) 6tafopd µeta(6 TQC npay1.1atonoto6pevnc: ano~n1.1tvoq\ rat 11v npayµottl'V 6anav•v. 
3.3 IYIHOEII ERIBAPYNIEII 
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o l npayµatt de: 6andvt<: 6 t avo1.1~\ no l d Houv oqpavtt rd an6 dpa oe dpa. H 
napayvyu61q1a nou:lHtt t(attla\ 6tat6pvv A6yn, optoµhot an6 1ouc ono{ouc 6tv 
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En{ TO nAE(OlOV 8p(OK£lQl t(v an6 tOV tAtyxo lVV YnqpEotiv. 
l. 4 ECOTOHII 
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tlvat npdypatl yvvot~ raµ(a Ynqpco(a nou va 6to&t1tl npotL\Jr)Otaa:d TlJJOA6yta yLa 
QVTl&:E(JJCVQ nou KoA6ntouv Tl\ dµEOEC 6andVE\. 
~tAl~q_ii! _________________________________________________________ [q~~~1n~q-~-~-~q1qArr~1l~~-1t~rr 
4. OAPAAEifRA DOAYREPOYI IYIIHRAIOI -IYIIHRATOI IHI EIQIHI TOI XOPOI THI BOPEIAI EYPODHI 
'Onie: oq1J€l,fqK€ OTQY nap6ypafo 2 napan6v1, onola6~not£ 011660 taxu6poptK•v Ynqptot•v 11nopt( 
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TIY KataAqKTll'V t£A6v TQC: RTE. Jo y£yov6c: aut6 £RlTptn£l tva Saf116 OUOlGOTlK~C: £U£Al(lac: 
6e6optvou 6Tt ot Taxu6poptctc: Ynqpeal£C: 11v n£ptao0Ttp1v •aven1uy11tv1~· x1p6v avayv1p(~ouv 
ht 10 o6otqpa 1qc: DIE elvaL oe peyUo 8afp6 £Aatupa1ld. Jo 0601q11a tQC: CEPT anotdtl 
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R~~qe.1n~q-~-~-~yq1q1~~~~UllQO ___________________________________________________________ QlAt~q-~l~ 
DAPAPTHRA 9 AIATAXYAPOMHIH 
1. OPltllOI 
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BL Rapa.Uoy~ tou napan6v1 £lvu 6tav o l6toc; o t6ttttu6c: toptac; upn6Ahuoqc; 
6tavtptl ta avttcelpeva otov napal~n~q. 
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6paatqpt6tqta aut~ elvat nap6vopq yta av1t1elµ£va ta onola £pnlntouv otov 
npootateu6µevo topta tQ( xtpac: A.> 
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l.1 lOAllEI AYTOllATHI AIAAOfHI ERIITOAOI 
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6ev anoTeAtl avayraottK4 tov cav6va. Mt oKon6 TIJ peytotonolqoQ tQC an66ooqc t1v 
ecpqxavtoptv1v rtvTptv 6taAoy~c. TO Taxu6popelo •ouyKevtp6vttat• an6 eupela neptox~. 'Ooo 
µeyaAhepq dvat q neptox~ ouydvtp1aqc T6oo pup6upec tl vat ot htacuc anoot6ouc rat, 
touA6xtotov tt1pQttK6, t6oo peyaA6tepoc o Klv6uvoc an6Attac otqv not6TQTa unqpeolac. rta to 
ptAAov, ot ntp top l ophtc-coalatoux utc 6anhtc · n6hnu va en t fpttouv 11 la tdoq npoc tqv 
ano1tvtp1oq <600 rat npoc µeyaA6tepq eueAt{la caT4 to oxe6taoµ6 t1v TtXYtc6v £{tAl~e1v>. 
AuT~ 1J e~lo1on neptoptoµo6 t~unqphrJOIJC/6anavh ta µnopo6oe va µnaBAritd oqµavtud eh 
ylvouv xa1avon1tc ot ev6ex6µevec tntnTiottC tr)C onttr~c avdyv1oqc xapact~p1v. A6y1 tou 6tt q 
OCR 11noptl va en t tptnu noA6 utnA6upa en l ne6a napay1y t r:6tl)tac, ut lotata t iua Katd noA6 
~£Att1ptvq 6uvat6tqta enlteu(nc raA~c an66oonc ttv enev66oe1v r:at taut6xpovqc BeAtl1onc tQC 
not6tqtac. 
l:Tov avtayutottr6 toµta q ano6ottr:6tl)ta rat q BeAtl100 tqc not6tl)tac anouAo6v en(OIJC ta 
660 KlVQt~pta rptt~pta yta enev6uttrtc anotdott(. Ere(, n6vt1c, q napouola tou avtay1vtoµo6 
KQflOtd ta KPlt~pla autd OX£TtK6tepa to K(Vl)tpo t(VQl I) an6Ktl)OQ QVtllYIVlOtlK06 
nAeoveKt~patoc ~ neptoptoµo6 Tou K£rtq11tvou npoqyouµtv1c nAeoveKt~µatoc ev6c avtaytvtot~. To 
6tt tlvaL lKQYOOOlr)TtK6 enlnt6o K60TOU(/TllJ~C Kiil to 6tl elval llQVODOlr)tlK~ unqpeola 
np6KttTat eno11tv1c va 11e1aSdAA£Tat, ouxv4 apr£T4 yp~yopa, oTq 6t4preta tou xp6vou. AuT6 nou 
anottAo6ot t6talttpq 6t£ur6Auvoq o6vtoµa iatlotatat o6vqtec xapartr)plottK6. 
Apr:£( va avattpto6v 660 napa6£lyµaTa. 
To ynot6ttpo napd6£ qµa £l vu aut6 av ouotnµdav napacoAoUqonc Kat tvton toµo6 nou 
o~ptpa Ka~(OTQVTQl 6Ao KQl n£ptoo6upo KOlVd OTOV topta lQt£D£lY6VttY. L£ 6Ao KQl 
µeyaA6t£po 8atp6 ot ntA4tt~ np6rtttal anA6c va avaµtvouv tn 6ltur:6Auvoq aut~ va anottAtl 
ptpoc tnc ouv~~ouc unnp£olac. 
To 6£6ttpo, loec Aty6ttpo npotavtc, nap46etyµa atopd tlC 6t£uKoA6vottC £~unqptTnoqc tev 
ndath. O t toptl c trµet4Heuonc nptn£L va £l vat £ ua (otnto l y ta va £l vat ot Uoq va 
ouµµtT4oxouv otov avtay1vtoµ6. Iuv£n6~, nptntt a11to1~ va npoottpouv ttptc yta 6Atc tlC 
ntfavt~ 6ta6poµtc Kat £(unripn~ouc· va naphouv nAqpof6pqon oxnu4 µ£tr) 6t66tuon av 
e~unqptt~ouv· va anotaonouv OX£ttK4 11e to nottc 6ttuKoAho£tC neptouHoy~c µnopo6v va 
6ttutnqfo6v. Tnv nAqpot6pqoq auT~ naptlu Katd napd6oori npoo1ntr6 µe oxettK~ tvt6nta 
yv6oq. H a6~ouoa noAunAoK6tqta av anal T~0£1v ttv n£Aath tvfapp6vt l t6pa touc fOPt l~ 
£K11£t4AA£UOr)C va OUYK£VTPOTIOl06V Tl( A£ltoupy(£C touc yta Tr)V £(unqpttJ)OJ) TIV neAativ. 
Auto6 tou tl6ouc ot anatt~oet~ yta napuoAo6trioo rat evtontoµ6 Kat yta £(unqphnoq av 
ntAat6v 6tv anattoOv µ6vo npoo1nt1C6 utnAo6 Sat1106 tnayyeA11attoµo6 <to onolo anottA£( 
uhaut~v entv6uoq>, aH6 enlonc Kat ouot~µata unoAoytoth yta tnv napox~ ttv anapaltntn 
nAnpotopt6v. AtapKjC ntptoo6tepo, Ol t6ltTlKO{ fopelc £Kµ£t4AAtuonc £(vat ntfav6 va entv66ouv 
oe 0AoKAJ)p1µtva 6(Ktua unoAoytot6v <ouv6ud~ovTac tlC anatt~O£lC napaKoAo6friori~ Kat tvTonto1106 
J.1£ auttc TrJC e~unnphnonc ttv n£Aath >, 6ou o t ndhe~ oe oA6dnpq triv KaAun1611£vn 
£ntKp4t£ta va avttµEttnC~ovtat 11£ tov l6to Safµ6 £uatotqola~. 

DAPAPTHRA 12 YDHPEIIA HAElTPOlllOY TAXYAPOMEIOY 
1. EIIArorH 
H taxu6poptK~ t(unqpttqoq 6t6 tou qAtrtpovtro6 taxu6poptlou Baol~ttat otqv 1exv0Aoyla 
avaAoytK~C ~ tQttar~c peta8l8aoqc retptv1v Kat etr6v1v. 'Ov11c, pt to yevtr6 6po •1axu6poptr~ 
e(unqptTqoq 6t6 Tou qlertpovtro6 1axu6popelou• raA6n1ovTat unqpto1ec TqAeer16n1oqc, EDI 
<HAer1povtr~c MeTa8l8aaqc Ae6optv1v> rat TqAeopototunlac nou naptxovTat an6 ttC Taxu6poptrtc 
Ynqpeolec av onoln o ouv6uaop6c e(aotaU~u npoonUpnq a(la oe tva napa6ootu6 ypafelo 
tqhopotoTunlac. rt•au16v npt8'c To A6yo 11 nxu6poptr~ e(unqphqoq 6t6 Tou qhnpovuo6 
taxu6popelou neptyp6ftTat auv~••c u8pt6tr~ unqpeola. 
'Erao1q Taxu6poptr~ Ynqpeola tQC EOl txet avan16(1t auT6vopa Tqv taxu6poptr~ e(unqpttqoq 11to1 
tou qAer1povtro6 taxu6popelou. ITqv ITaAla napaTqpel1at q nAtov ent1uxqptvq av6ntu(q rat to 
peyaA6apo 6 l nuo yta Tl<; n A6y1 unqpeo lee. Ito nap6v nap6ptruia e(n6~nu 10 epnop t d 
ev6taftpov TQC taxu6poptr~c e(unqpt1qoqc pta1 tou qler1povtro6 taxu6popelou 010 ptlAov rafic 
rat 10 ftµa TIV npo6taypativ. 
2. AIAtOPOI TYROi 
H taxu6popll~ t(unqyt1qaq µta1 tOU qA£ltPOVll06 1axu6pope(ou £0lTUYX6V£1Gl P£ 1P£LC 
6tafope1tro6c t6nouc : 
To ulpno <rat/~ q udva> 6u18t8Hnat at ouauu~ tqhopototunlac tqc Taxu6popu~c 
Ynqpeolac nAqolov 1ou napaMn1q. Ev ouveula 10 taxu6popelo 11epq.1v6 yta ti') auouuaola 
1ov 1111v6µnoc < nov hu nAtov tq popf~ evt6nou avu yphou > Kat Tqv nap46oo~ Tou oTov 
napaA~ntq. Iuv~••c yta tqv anoo10A~ Tou µqv6µa1oc xpqotponotelTat ouoreu~ 
tr)Ato110 to1un lac µtac Taxu6pop t r~c Ynripeol ac, tvtoho t c dtt av4loyo hv £ l vu 
anapa(1q10. <Ev6txetat q Taxu6poptr~ Ynqpeola va naptxet tqv •e(tteptr~· unqpeola 4peoa 
oe t6t11tr~ ouoreu~ 1qAeo11oto1unlac, aAA6 auT6 oup8alvtt oxettr6 ondvta.> 
ntpav tn 1c h1 unqpeoth 6tavo11~c 1.111vu11611v oe uptoTo6c napaMnuc q taxu6popu~ 
£ (unqphqoq pto1 tou qAuTpov uo6 Taxu6poptlou pnope l en l oqc va xpqot 11ono t qft l yt a tq 
µa~tK~ 6tavop~ pqvup6T1v. ITqv nep(ntwoq auT~ o neA6TQC naptxet oTqv Taxu6poptr~ 
Ynqpeo la raTUoyo 6 u:uf6vouv < ouv~hc oe payvqn r~ tat v la ~ 6 loro > raUc ra l To npoc 
anooToM 11~vupa. To 11hu11a ra l o ratdAoyoc 6 ta8 t 86~ovTa l oe 6Uo ypat£ ( o To ono lo 
avdap86vu tqv ut6naoq tou pqv611atoc oe noH6 av1 ( ypata haoTo 11v ono (1v ttpu 
6tafOP£1lK~ 6u6fuvoq. AICoAouh( q ououuaola TOU oe thtAo Kat q 6tavop~ 10uc. Kat6 
ouvtneta q 11tfo6oc aut~ fa 1.1nopo6ot va fe1pr)ftl TO qAertpovtr6 too66vapo tou 
6tGtQPlOTtro6 taxu6po11elou. 
EDI <HAtrtpovtr~ Meta8l8aoo At6optv1v) er ptpouc Taxu6poµtr6v Ynnpeotiv yta tov 
noAlanlaotaop6 1qc ano6otLK6tq1a~ TIV tl)ltntrotv1vtarAv rtv1p1v EDI. 
3. EMROPl[H EAEH 
Etvat npofavt<: 6u o Taxu6popu~ e(unophoon JJto1 tou qhnpovuo6 taxu6pop£lou afop6 Tl)v 
ayop6 1eat£n£ l y6vtev pqvuphn otl)v ono la unhovtat en (oqc o l unnpeo l EC nou naphovta t u t 
6t6 tl')A£0iJOl01Un(ac, tH£( Ul ayy£AlOf6pou <EMS. ff EV A6y1 ayopci t&ciV£l tax6tata (KQl OE 
opt oµtvouc to pd c 1.1£ put1106c 281 £ 1110l1c >. Oat6oo 6ev el vat ynot6 th q Taxu6poµ u~ 
e(unnpttooq pto1 tou qAtrtpovtro6 taxu6poptlou ~a yv1plott av6Aoyn tnt1uxla a:at ta a:aTaoTtl 
t6talt£Pl'JC oq1.1aotac unnpeola au16v nou naptxouv ot Taxu6popta:tc Ynqpeolt<;. 
'AIJEOO avtaytVlOT~ TQ( taxu6poptK~( E(unqpttQOQ( 1Jt01 TOU QAEKTPOVllC06 taxu6poµElou 
anotEAo6v Ol ouv~fElC OUOKEUt( tQAEOPOlOtunla( KQl ta t£ppatt1Cd EDI TIV l6lttlKiv 
£ntXElP~OEiV. Ol OUOK£Ut( TQA£0J.10lOTUD{a( f£ipo6vtal nAtov 1Jtpo( TOU Saotco6 £(onAtopo6 TIV 
£ntX£tp~o£n. 'OAo KOL ouxv6upa ot entxetp~ouc: 6£V apKo6vtat otqv eyutdotaoq 1uac £( 
autiv aAA6 ptptµvo6v 'OT£ va undpX£t µ(a yta rdOt tµ~µa ~ Kat tQV t(unqpttqoq ptKpiv op661v. 
H napatqpo6µevq avdntu(q otelAttal : 
-otqv e(OlK£l10Q (Q ono(a elvat oxe66v av4Aoyq tQ( e(otK£l1ooc tlY xpq­
otiv P£ to tqAttlVO), 
-tQ oupplKvtoq 11v 6anav6v <nou neptoplotqKav ae 178 ECU otqv Ian1vlm>, 
-ott( 6ta1Cuµdvoet<: tQ( not6tqta( t1v napex6µev1v unqpeotiv ec ptpouc ttv 
taxu6popeln. 
ttt ( unqpeo l £( auttc npoot Un at q yevu~ dnotq av Katavahth 6tt ta ndna nphe t va 
oup8alvouv tax61epa. Ia P£LOY£Kt~pata ttv ouyxp6v1v ouo1Ceuiv tqAeoµototunlac ev6txetat va 
e(ahtth6v. 
Ta npoBA~µata ouv~fl( atopo6v tqv np6o8aoq 11v µqxaviv yta tq 6ta8l8aoq ~ tqv napaAaB~ ttv 
µqvup611v (Kofi( Kat tqv npoBAqµattK~ 6ta8l8aoq>. 
-tx£L 6p1( ~61) ICGTOOT£( 6uvat~ Q anoµvqp6veuoq µqvuµ6ttV YLG £T£POXPOVL­
oµhq 6ta8l8aoq, 
-avaµtvttat 6tt ot ouoKeutc tou t6nou Group 4 fa neptoploouv oqµavttK6 
TOU( xp6VOU( 6ta8(8aoq( Kafi( KOL TQV npoBAqµatLIC~ 6ta8(8aoq, 
-Q EYICatdotaoq tou 6lKt6ou ISON fa tnttptttt TQV £DllCOlVtVla ptta(6 
otaOµ'v epyaolac, 
-q qAtKtpovtK~ µetaSlSaoq 6e6oµtv1v fa Kataot~Otl neptoo6ttpo a(t6ntotq 
TQV anootoA~ £VtOA6v_ KOL ttpoAoyltv. 
Ot napdyovtE( auto{ Qf~VOUV va EVVOQft{ 6tt Q np6oSaoq 0£ t6LtftKt( OUOKEUt( TQAtoµototun{a( 
c~ aua µtoa entKotnvlac: nou naptxouv napeµttP~ nAeoven~i.tna> Kat ot 6uvat6trptc touc ea 
noAAanAaotaato6v. Kat'aut6v TOY tp6no £V6txttGl Q TOXU6POIJllC~ E(unqpttqoq µtot qA£KTPOVllC06 
taxu6poptlou va an1Atott Saot1C6 nAeovtKt~µat6 tQ( 6ni( "to KafoAtK6 6lKtuon Kat to 6uvaptK6 
tou. Ouataatt d 61m: EL vu a66vato va ano9avf d Kavd <; En ( tou nap6vto(. £v6hna t o t 
TIEAht( va E(GKOAoue~oouv va htpo6v 6tt f) taxu6p01JtlC~ E(Unf)phqof) µtot TOU QAEKTPOVllC06 
taxu6poµ£lou npoottpet nAeovtKt~µata. nap6AAriAa unapxEt to ev6ex61.ttvo ri 1axu6poµt1C~ 
E(Unf)phf)Of) µtot TOU FJAE npov l K06 taxu6poµtl OU va £(EA l xh ( OUVEnda tQ( avdntU(Q( TQ( 
f)AtKTpovtK~<; Kat twv tntKotv1vt6v, KOtt avdAoyo fa £(XE aK6µq µeyaA6ttpfJ ariµao(a. 
Kata ouvtneta, ea ~tav datoxo va "(eypa•ouµe" tqv taxu6poµt1C~ e(unripttqari ptot tou 
f)AHtpovtKo6 taxu6poµdou t6talupa an6 tQ OTlYIJ~ nou ot Taxu6poµtd<: Ynripeolt( tQ( £OK 
npooftpouv av6:Aoyec: unnpeolt<; µe tnttuxla Kat t6talupa otqv ItaALa. 'Ovtt(, Aa118hovta( 
un6tq TQV UtlOTOµEVf) ~~TQOQ, Q taxu6poµtK~ E(unripttooq 1Jt01 TOU OA£KtpOVLIC06 taxu6poptlou 
µnop£l va 4£1P04£( µtpo<; tr)<; uno6oµ~<; ttv 10Atnt1Cotvwvtev. 
4. AIAfttY=H AlfIYOI lAI DPOAIAfPAtOI 
'Ont<; npoava9tpfOK£ Kato triv taxu6poµtK~ e(unqpttqori µtot riAt1Ctpovt1Co6 taxu6poµelou AaµS6vtt 
x'pa riAenpovtK~ 6ta8(8aori tou µqv6µato<: to onoCo oto ouvheta pETatptnetat ot "tvtuno 
avtlypafo" Kat 6tavhetat t<; taxu6poµtr6 avttKtlµevo. Ito 6ta6tKaola aut~ ouµµethouv 660 
TEXVOAOYtKt<; £l6tlC6tf)tEC : ta OUOT~µata 6t£KntpaltoQ( IJf)VUJJOTIV <yv1ot6 ouv~ft( pt ta apxtKO 
MHS) Kat ta OUOt~µata llO QAEICtPOVllC~<; 6tavoµ~<; <RDS>. 
H Aettoupy(a ttv 6tKt61v ouvtndyttat TQV e(aat6Atori np6o8aoqc oto 06otq1Ja yta tov anootoAta 
tou µriv6µato<; Kat otr) ouvtxeta tqv t(aotUtori TO<; np6o8aoric tou ouat~µato<; otov napaMntQ. 
Itriv np,tfJ tev ntptntioe1v o anootoAta<; e(aotaAl~Et tov npoantAaoq µtot ev6c 9opta uno6ox~c 
TOU XP~OTf) <UA> Kal TO µ~vuµa TOU KOtvonotdtal OTO 0601011a JJtOt TOU avtlotOlXOU fOpta 
6ta8(Saon<; llfJVUIJOTIV <MIA>. 
Itq 6£6ttpl') ntp(nttOI') TO o6otqpa £TilKOlVIV£l 11to1 6AAou MTA pt TOY napaA~ntq (OTOV onolo to 
p~vupa napa6 l 6tta l pto1 tv6c 6 tafoptt uo6 UA >. Rpou q.1hou 11 anootoM u l 11 Katav6qo11 tou 
µqv6µatoc va tlvaL opttc ot UA Kat MIA nptntt va A£ttoupyo6v 86o£l ttv autiv np1to16AA1v. Ta 
ev A6y1 np1t610Ala KaA6ntouv ftpata 6n•c q avayvtptol') ttppatLKo6 Kat•c; Kat o~pata tvap(qc;, 
A~(qc; Kat 6laKon~c; otll6ac;. 
Ot ttatpt(tc; nou tntfupo6v va auyrpot~oouv 6tr6 touc; 6(rtuo QA£rtpovtro6 taxu6po11elou 
11nopo6v va to tnt t6xouv 11£ tqv uplahaq ypap11h an6 dnotov opyavtap6 tqAnuotvtvu~c; 
e~unqpttqaqc;. Ev ouvexela 11noptl va entAt~ouv ta np1t6roAAa 6ta8l8aaqc; pqvup6t1v. Evto6totc;, 
ev6txetat va 6qptoupyqto6v npoBA~pata £6v entxetpqtel q tntrotvtvla peta~6 660 6tatOP£ttc6v 
6 t n61v qh: npov uo6 taxu6popdou. Rpou q1hou va en ueuxte { q 6taA£ uoupyu6tqta pnaU 
6tn6n tlvat avayula q Uontoq ntaln npo6uypafh. To ouvqttaupa xpqotponoto6pno 
np6tuno rihnpovuo6 10xu6popelou ttpu tqv ennupla X-411 <~ tt6oov xpqatponoultat to 
nAtov np6otato X-511). Kat'aut6Y TOY tp6no •ytfUp6Y£Tal• I) GPXlt£ltOYlK~ TOU ouot~patoc; (tOU 
MHS> µ£ Tf)Y an66ooq <PDS>. 
Rap6UqAa nptnu va oqpeuthl 6u utlotavtu noU6 tnln£6a npo6uypafh. Xapanqptotu6 
nap66e l ypa anonAe l q nep l nt1oq ndhq nou aaxoh l ta l 11£ tqv tpoto6oola opto11hou 
8topqxavlK06 topta Kill 0 onoloc; enttupel va XPl)Ol1JOROl~0£l ta OUOt~pata qAertpOYll~c; 
µeta8l8aoqc; 6e6011tv1v <EDI> Yta va rotvonot~oet xpqpatootrovoptK6 6£6011tva 11to1 ev6c; 6trt6ou 
f)lt npov u:o6 1axu6poµ£ lou. Ev6hnu va xpqoq1onou l ta l yu tQY np6o8aoq oto 6 l nuo tou 
qlertpovtro6 1axu6pope(ou to np6tuno X-481. Ta xpqpatootrovoptr6 6t6optva pnoptl va 
napouo u:otoh 0611t1va pe He; npo6 taypaftc; EDIFACT. Ev6hna t va un6p(t t nepa tttp1 
£~£l6(K£UOI') tOU ox~µatoc; EDI nou XPl)OllJODOltltal OTO OUYK£Kplptvo 8lOIJl)XGYlK6 topta. 
5. El6EXOREIA BPOBAHMATA 
'OAOl Ol ,optlc; £KJf£t6AA£UOf)( l)A£KtPOYll06 taxu6pope(ou (taxu6poµLKO( ~ dAAOl) tlval 
de6ftpo t va auyrpoto6v 6 l nua XPQOl po no th ta~ p tahµhec; ypapµt~, e(onA to116 tqc; u l Aoy~c; 
touc y lll tf)V KdAutq uv avaydv touc; KG l ta 6 t d touc; nptt6KoAAa np6o8aoric;. Evtoho t c fl 
eleuttpla aut~ ev6txtTat oto µtAAov va 6qµtoupy~o£l npo8A~pata e6v ot 1c 6v1 tope(c; 
HIJ£t6Htuonc; npoonat~oouv va tn tt6xouv tf)V en l KO l nv la ttv 6 l nhv touc; pt Ula. Ia 
npoSA~µaTa nou ev6txetat va npoK6touv ouvot(~ovtat 1c; t(~c; 
µeydAo µtpoc tou £(onlloµo6 rat Ttv npor6vt1v 6tv ouµµopto6vtat npoc ttc; 6ttfvtlc; 
npo6taypattc;, 
ot npo6taypattc 6£v tlvat tnapK6c; Atntopep£(c; nporttµtvou va e(aotaAtotel an6 dKpou ttC 
6Kpov 6ta8lBaon, 6oov atopd tlC 6t£fvtlc; ouv6toetc, 
n 6 t aouvop tu~ 6 l ah t toupy u6trita µttaU eh uh 6 L KT6tv £l vu a66vatri 6 l uc ro l v•c; 
ano6ertt~ npo6taypattc; <ouv~fec 6ttfvtlc;>, 
o t npo6 L aypaftc houv e(tA ufel XIP l ot6 u t y ta trJ 6 taµ6ptttOf) vhv nptntt va Aritto6v 
un6tri tv6ex6µeve~ µeAAovttrtc; anatt~Otlc;, 
£(£l6U£Uµh£C e,apµoytc; yla tl)V lUVOnO{f)Of) TIV £l6tdv avaydv TIV XPflOTh ev6httal 
va anoµarpuvto6v an6 TtC ev A6y1 npo6taypattc. 
6. APAIH THI ERITPODHI 
H Enltpon~ ouµS6AA£l Otf)V tfapµoy~ JllQ( Y£VlK~c; noAltlK~C ftontoqc; Tf)l£ntKOlV61VlaK6V 
npo6taypaf6v yta to o6vo.Ao tqc; Kotv6tqtac;. H 1atttpwori npot6n1v yta To qA£ltpovLK6 
taxu6poµelo anottle( anA•c; µtpoc tQC 1c; 6v1 ouvoAtK~C noltttK~C. 
Oc: £K to6tou Q Enttpon~ £yKatvlao£ optoptv£( •opt~6vtt£c:• 6p6o£t(, 6nt( yta napd6£typa oto 
vopf£ttK6 topta. Dap6AAqAa 6t£p£uv4 tlC: av6yK£C: optoptv1v tpqp6t1v tQC: ayop6c:, Kat, p£td tQ 
XPQPGTOOllOVOPll~ av6Auoq TIV £VaAAaltll'V 6uvatot~TIV, OUVlOt6 A60£l( yta optoptva an6 ta 
npo8M11na nou £ntoqpalvonat. Xapanqptottc6 nap66uypa trl( I( h1 ouvoAtK~C: npootyytooc: 
anoteAel 10 np6ypaµpa TEDIS. 
'Ooov atopd ev ytvet to qAtrtpovtc6 taxu6popelo cat et6tc6ttpa 1qv 1axu6poptc~ e~unqpttqoq 
µtoe qlec1povtco6 taxu6popelou µla an6 ttC: 6uva16tqtec: t1v topt1v ecpe16Aleuaqc: 6tc161v 1ou 
el6ouc: au106 elvat va ouvav1qfo6v µe 1a ouv~fq 1qlentcotv1vtac6 6lctua ouv~f•C: 1qp•v1ac: ta 
np61una X-481 ~ X-588. 'AAAQ evaAAacttK~ A6oq ano1eAel va ouv6efo6v pe1a~6 1ouc: ta 6lK1ua 
nv tophv upn6Unoqc: 6tuhv rihupovuo6 1axu6poµelou µe 1q µlahoq ypapµh cu 1ri 
xpqotponolqoq np1tor6ll1v np6o8aoqc: 1qc: npo1lpqo~( 1ouc:. tuotr6 ev 1ota61q neptn16oet elvat 
au10v6q10 6tt fa undp~ouv npoBAhata 6uht 1oupyu61q10c: µnaU 6tatopeudv 6tu61v nou 
txouv £~£llXf£( XIPlOt6. 
[q2~21nyg_1i_~-«~A111~11!q_111~~2q~~iq _________________________________________________ ~~!l~q_i11 
DAPAPYHRA 13 DOAIYIIlllO YAXYAPOMEIO 
1. EU:AfOrH 
Ol KA46ot TIV u66ouv ICGl TQ( nqµtp10Q( dvat l6ta(upa OQIJGVtlKO( YlG TQV (Otvhqta an6 
o uovoµ L IC~ 6notq. A£6ophou 6tt d val noU n L fav6 6t l to tax u6poµtl o fa napaµ£ l vu to 
KGT1£~0X~V µtoo IJG~lK~( £nlKOlVIY(G( YlG µ£y6Ao apttp6 £TGlP£l'Y nou £IC TIY npayp6tlY 
unoxpto6vtat va 6taBtB6~ouv pqv6pata 0£ 6toµa ot unqpeol£( taxu6p6µqoq(·ta e(aroAout~oouv va 
dvat oqµavttd( yta tov d66o tlY u66ouv. Eno6tot(, 6£6oµhou 6tt o 1( 6v1 d66o( 
uA6ntu noUo6( £n q1tpou( tope (( Ol anal t~ou ( yu haoto e ( audv £ l val noU RL tav6v v11 
notrlUouv. 
H ouvepyaola peta(6 ttv taxu6popL16v unqpeot•v Kiil tou cl66ou t•v e166oe1v xpovoloyeltat an6 
pacpo6. Evtox6etat an6 tQV extpaoµtvq enttupla tQ( Tiay16opta( Taxu6poptl~( 'Ev1oq( va 
6teu1Col6vtt tqv cvcAotop(a •tpy1 6tav6qoq(• pto1 tQ( ev6ex6pevq( ttappoy~( pet1ptvov 6tetvo6( 
taxu6poptco6 ttpoAoy(ou yta ta 8~8Ala, tl( £tQIJ£pl6£( cat ta nepto6tc4. Ta I( 6v1 avttrelpeva 
anolalo6vtat an6 cotvo6 noAtttottK6 taxu6popelo. 
Ito nap6v nap6ptqpa £~n6~tta l q eUA l (11 tQ( hvo LG( tou nol l Hott 106 taxu6pope lou u t 
aval60VTQl Ol OllOVOIJlKt( £nlnt60£l( TOU npOTllJQOlGK06 TllJOAoy{ou nou £fapp6~£Tal ouxv4 11£ TO 
taxu6popelo tou el6ou( auto6. Ev ouvuela ouvotl~ovtat ta H1Jata nou nptnu va 
QVTllJETITilOt06V. 
2. PY91UtEII 
[£ noll6 tephq pHq teataxuphovtat vopoht u:6 I') £L6 l K~ £UVO l l~ P£TGX£ (p LOI') TOU qpep~o lOU 
Thou Ka l nap£ pf£ Ph REP l06l dv u66ouv IJ£ ot6xo ll')Y npOGYIYn TOU 6 t U l 'IJOTO( evqptpltOQ( 
nou ouven6yttat q tAtufepla A6you tqv onola eyyu6vtaL ta tfVtKd ouvt6ypata. 
Enloq( I') £V l6y1 £l6Lte~ petaxelptOI') txet t6Xtl TQ( UROOT~Pl~I')( Tl')( RTE ORI( npo16nt£l an6 TO 
6pfpo 28 ti')( OX£Tll~( o6p8aoq(. Uta to nMpe( ulµevo BHne nap6ptqpa 5). To 6ptpo aut6 
<on<: napaypdfou<: 8 u l 9 > npoBHne t 6n o t Taxu6po1H Kt<: Ynqpeo l £( houv ti') 6uvat6tf)ta va 
£fapµ6oouv na tvtuna < t 6 ta l t epa £ffJP£P l 6t~, nep t 06 t K6 rat St SAL a>, aH4 6x t ota eµnop l d 
tvtuna 6n1( ot Katdloyot, to ttµoA6yto nou tfapµ6~etat yta tl( tntotoAt<: µet1ptvo rat6 Sil. 
3. 0 OPOI •aoAITIITI(O TAXY6POREJO• 
Tipo•mµtvou va e~aotaAtottl q npoay1y~ ti')( tltutepla( tou l6you rat fl noHanl6tqta tQ( 
evnµtpeitonc el val an a pal tf)to va ava~fltntoh o l e up6ttpo t rat anottleoµat ll6ttpo l tp6no t 
6t66oon<: ti')( avtphtvq<: od•n(. Ot unnpeolec taxu6p6µ11011( nou xpnotµonoto6vtat yta tqv 
npayµbTIOf) TOU I( 6v1 ot6xou op(~OVTOl IC •noAlTlOTtK6 Taxu6poµt(o". KaT6 ouvtntta, 0 6pO( 
KaA6nT£l Tl( £,l')µtpl6£(, Ta nepto6tK6 lOl ta StSA(a. 
Evto6tot(, µe tqv n6po6o tou xp6vou o 6poc •noAtttottr6 1axu6poµe{o" txet cataottl a6ptoto(. 
'H6q txet au(nte( o aptfp6c t1v 6tatnµtottr•v µqvuµ611v nou 6tatelvovtat 6Tt e(vat 
noAtttottco6 xapaKt~pa. nap6AAf)Aa ot tte66ott<: 01 onole( otqv ouo(a anoteAo6v µtoa npo•t11011( 
av nd~ouv npoonato6v olotva ouxv6upa va otutonotnfo6v to npoll1Jf)Ota16 TtµoA6yto nou 
npoopl~ttat yta tf)V e~unqpttf)Ofl e166oe1v Kafap6( noAtttOTtKo6 xapaKt~pa. 
~tAl~1-~!a ________________________________________________ [1~t~1n~1_1~-~-R~!111~11!~_111~~~~~tl~~ 
4. DPOlIKHIIAlO TIKOAOfIO 
tta n£pl006Hpa 11tV Kpath 11£Ah to np01llJr)OlGK6 tq10A6yto yta TOY r)l.IEP~OlO t6no Kal 1a 
nepl06lK6 KGflepitqKe Kat6 to napeAf6v pt noAltlKt( anot6otl( 1.1£ 016xo ouxv6 tq 8eAtl1oq 1q( 
noAuµopf(a( tou thou. Kat'apd( auto6 tou tl6ou( ta u6u6 · tq10A6yta neptopt~6tav oe 
er66otl( •C: npoc: tqv tntppo~ ott( noAltlrtc: an6tetc: tq( rotv~c: yvipq(. Apy6tepa, 6pxtoav va 
tox6ouv KOl yta er66ottC: nou naptxouv yevtKt( noAttlottrtc: nAqpofople(. 
lad TIJV en ox~ uoay1y~( tou npottpl)otuo6 t q.10Aoy lou o t taxu6poµ ut<: unqpeo l £( un6yonav. 
OH( avtlototU( nBepv~ott(. Ot nBepv~auc: nou elxav anotaola£t 6tt ot Iaxu6po1nd( 
Ynqpeolec: touc: ta tnpene va npooftpouv av6Aoya ttpoA6yta rat'ouolav anot6otaav tqv 
ruBepvQtlK~ ent66tqoq tou qpep~otou Kat nepto6tro6 t6nou tou onolou q 6tavop~ eKteAelto pe 
peuµhec: uµt(. 
To µtyetoc: t•v I( 6v1 ent6ot~oe1v ylvetat avttAQnt6 an6 tqv entoK6nqoq t1v ouvteAeotAv nou 
tfapµ6~ouv ta en t 1Jtpouc; rphq 11H11. Ito ft!1a aut6 napnqpo6vta t ooBaptc; 6 tafoptc:. o t 
ouvteAeottc; otqv Ionavla yta nap66etypa elvat noA6 xapqAol. <BAtne Ktt4Aato 4, nap6ypafo~ 
8.4, nlvat:a( 17.> 6tanµhouc: napnqpo6vtat enloqc: pe tqv n6po6o tou xphou : 6nt( yta 
nap66etypa 01qv neplnt1oq tQ( Iaxu6poptK~C: Ynqpeolac: tQC: reppavlac: q onola ent6tAret 
ota6taK4 va petAoet to 6toc: tQ( ev A6y1 ent66tqoqc: q onola an6 721 t•v 6anav6v neptoplotqKe 
oto 441 <pe npoypaµµattoptvec: nepatttp1 petiott(>. 
Ev ytvet, ot ouv~f£t( taxu6poµtrtc: unqpeolec: nou txouv neptopto11tva rtp6q ~ elvat 
~qptoy6vcc:. lat6 tl( Ynqpeole( nou ta npoottpouv ta npottpqotar6 ttpoA6yta elvat attla yta 
~qptoy6vec: ttptc:. O nlvaKa( 1 avattpet tqv eratoottala 16Autq t1v 6anav6v rat6 tqv 
e~unqphqoq tvt6nn otqv nep (060 1985/86. <Ta n A6y1 apt fpqtt d 6t6011tva 110Aov6u u16' tt 
nap1x1111tva, elvat £V6£lKtlK6 tQ( YEVlK~( 6qpOOlOV0!1lK~( ttoqc:.> 
Rll!!«t_l 'Evtuna : eratootlala r6Autq t•v 6anav6v <1986> 
r------------------~--------------------------------, 
I lPAIOI KEAOI OOIOIIIAIA lAAYtH AADAIOI 
BHyto 18,51 
6avla 51,n 
rep11av(a 54, a 
EAA66a 96,51 
Ionav(a 18 l 
rau la 33,3\ 
IpAav6la 188 l 
ItaAla 18 l 
Aou~ep8o6pyo 19,5\ 
Un Upt( 75 l 
noptoyaAla 48 l 
Hn11ho Bao lAuo 188 l 
flqy~ RayK6011ta Taxu6p01JlK~ 'Ev1oq <RTE> 
rta ttc: raxu6poµtdc: Ynnpeolec to 1'tpa 6£V elvat anH r:al p6vo th Ol tt11tc yta ta tvtuna 
elval xa11qA6t£P£C tiV KQfl£Pi1JtViV tlµtv flQ nap£1Jf£P~ QVTlK£lptva, 6ni~ Ol £DlOtoAtc:. 
R1~~~1nu1_ll_~_R2Aill~ll!~lll~~~~~ll~-------------------------------------------------~~Al~l-~!1 
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6 uicnepa l1oq avt uu 11hn auto6 tou e l6ou( loot {~El sn nep too6upo an6 avu u l peva tou 
t6lou peyttou( nou taxu6popo6vtat oe ox~pa ouv~fou( sntotoA~( <6tav ta nsptex6peva 11nopo6v 
va 6tnA1fo6v>. Ot EtQllEP(6e<; ano6et1v6ovtat al6pa 6anavqp6tspe( 6e6011tvou 6tt 
GVtllJETlnl~OVTCll I( GVTllEllJEVO LC ~ np6tq<; t6~EI( <evt OE optoptVE( neptnt60El( TOU( 
snttuUoonGl npovo11tu6upq pnaulptoq, avhepq adpq rat · an6 Ta npoavaup611na 
•pe611ua• >. 
H ovvoAu~ ~IJIJ(O uv nvta taxv6popuh Ynqpeoth nou 6tUEoav apvqud nouela yta tl)v 
E~unqptTl)OI) EVT6n1v avtpXETat OE 964,2 EKGTOIJIJ6pta ECU. 
Ot £fap110~6pEVOl xapqAol ovvteAeott( ttpoA6yqoq( elvat EV6ex611Evo va o6qy~oouv OE otpt8A1oq 
tou avtay1vtopo6. 'Ooo xapqA6tEPO Elvat to Efappo~6pEvo ttpoA6yto, t6oo 11t1p6Tepo tlvat to 
EV6taftpov tlV t6llTlKAY topt1v E(IJEt6AAEUOfl( YlG av6ntu~q 6paotqplOt~TIV OTOV toµta aut6. H 
nporaAo6pevq otptU1011 tou ovtay1vtaµo6 fa 11nopo6oe va anoaUou tvav an6 tou( A6you( 
uhtpeoq<; epnopub upoAoyln no eo1apu6 ti)<; EupenaIK~( Kot v6tqta<; ut4 trJV tfappoy~ 
tou ono lou vo npoUtnovta t a nod lou<; pnaU uv uph pe ydpova to 6 tatopn u6 doto<;. 
Evto6tot<; nptnet va Aap86vetat ovvtxtta un6tq 6tt elvat anapaltqto va rafopl~ovtat 6l1ata ta 
upoA6yto nou tox6ouv yta Efflll£Pl6£( Kat nepto6td •oa vo e~aotaAl~Etat ut4 To 6uvn6v 
tvttpo( avtay1vtop6<; peta~6 t1v fopt1v taxv6poµtK~( e~unqpttQOQ(. 
Kat6 ouvtneta, rplvttat Olontp6tepo ot toxu6poptrt( Ynqpeole<; va 1111v naptxouv otov er6ottK6 
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YnnpEOlt<; KOl OTOU<; t6lttlK06<; tOPtl~ EllJEtdAAEUOI)(. 
5. IHRIIIA IHI AfOPAI 
O t6ttttl6( topta<; anoteAel to oqpavttK6tepo tp~pa tQ<; ayopd<; tou noltttottro6 taxu6popelou 
Kal6ntOVTQ( qpep~oto T6no, nepto6tK6 rat 8t8Ala. Ito ptllov, rat6 ntfav6tqta, o opto116c; fa 
nptnet va 6teupuvtel npoKstptvou va Kal6tet Kat tt<; o6yxpove<; µc•66ouc; rataypafn<: 
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noltttottK6 taxu6popelo. 
fta Tt<; neptoo6tepec; Taxu6poptrt~ YnqpeolE( o t6t1tt16<; rld6o<; anoteltl tov 11syaA6ttpo 
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Kat ta nepto6tKd tnl tou ouv6lou tou eo1teptro6 taxu6poµelou. 
An6 ta ototu(a TQ<; Ateho6<; Opoonov6la<; Depto6tKo6 T6nou <FIPPl, unoAoyl~nat 6tt o 
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EntnAtov, ouxv6 n tntppo~ Ttv EK6ot6v £Kfpd~£Tat dpeoa 11to1 e11noptr6v ev6ot1v. 
lli!l!lt_2 : noALtlOtlK6 taxu6popt{o -noooot6 tni tou ouvoAlK06 taxu6po­
µdou 
lPATR IEAH 
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feppavla 
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Utt X6pec: 
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22.1 
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£K66tt<: £UKatp(t<: napay1y~<: ntpl06lK'V nou £~URr)P£T06v TI£PlOPl01Jtva TIJ~pata Tr)<: ayopd<;. Ta 
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<nou oat'<: untpSalvouv Kata no>.6 tl<: 6tafoptc: r6otouc:l. 
[12t21nil_ll_~_Rq!111q1t1~_111!l2q~tl2 _________________________________________________ ~~Al~l-~~l 
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01pt8A1oq tou av1ay1vtoµo6. 
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va utoh oe tox6 d6uouc; npo6taypattc; cat va ouycpotqh l ha ouventc; 060111110 notou c~c; 
G~lOA6yqoqc;. 
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avuyn l 01106. 
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Optoptvec: Taxu6poptrtc: Ynqpeale<: unootqpl~ouv 61t q ttpoAoytar~ noAt·tlr~ yta npoo1a1eu6µevec: 
unqpeolec: nptnet va Aaµ86vet un6tQ 1qc: 10 r6oto<: 11v evaAAac1t16v unqpeot6v <A6you x6pq 11)( 
au106tavo11~<:> ut va tlvtll ae ttoq va npoottpu undouc: ntpav audv nou 6tutoAoyo6vtal 
µ6vo an6 tqv e(ot1ov6µqaq 6anav6v· e6v to 6lrtuo napox~<: 1af0Atr~<: unqpeolac: txave auto6 tou 
d6ouc: TOU<: 6ylOU(, fa Uf(OfCIYfO anUeuc: Kal 6Aot Ol XP~OH( A6y1 TOU 6tt Ol µova6uhc: 
6an6vec: ta au(dvov1av yta 6Aouc:. Evt, 10T600, ylveTat napa6ert6 6Tl ot 6uv6pet<: TQ<: ayop6<: 
nptnet va Aaµ86vov1at ra16 r6noto tp6no un6tq raT6 TOY rafoptoµ6 TIV 1tµ0Aoyl1v, ot 6uv6p£l<: 
autt<: Te(vouv va 6taftpouv an6 tvav neA61q µey6Aqc: rl(parac: oe tvav 6AAo. l4f£ napaxtpqoq pq 
ouv~hv untiouv ta anal to6oe enoph1<: Tov auo1qp6upo 6uvat6 Uqxo. Yn6pxouv op top ha 
ototxela 6Tt tAeyxoc: auTo6 tou e(6ouc 6ev txet aorqfe( ae 6Ae<: tt<: neptnT6oetc. 
Eh naphovTat unTtott<: yta npootateu6pnec unqpeo(e<:, nptnet utd rav6va va oxnl~nat 
npoc: Ollovoplec 6anavh. Atafopntd, 6nvc: oqpuUqre napandn aTqv napdypato 2.5, Ol 
ntUtt<: nou 6tv anoAa6ouv undouv < oupnep l Aap8avophn 6An 111v µeµonµtv11v ndadv > ta 
rLv66vtuav va 6ltnl60t~oouv au106c: nou tl<: 6txovtat. 
S. EIAPNOIIIREIH RPOIEffIIH IE TIROAOflAIA 9ERATA 
5.1 TIKOAOfIA[EI APXEI 
H t•apµoy~ op lophn lOl vh 1 qaoAoy u1dv apxh y la npootattu6µtvec: unqpeo lee: ta l vna l 
at \1£Y0.o 8afp6 tfapp6olpQ. Arpoynuloc: Utoc: elvGl ri ot~Pl~rt tllV 1q10Aoy(n otlC: 
6andvtc. To6To uno6qAiY£l 6tL nptntl va µqv utloTavTal 6ttnt6ot~o£t<: -aotaA6c: 6xt an6 
tov pq npootattu6pevo 1oµta npoc: TOV npootateu6ptvo, an6 tvav neAatq ot tvav 6AAo, an6 
ha •pe6µa• unf)peo(a<: oe ha 6Uo. E (vu n lone: Of11JllVt tK6, ono L eo6~nott revtp tKtC: 
tnl6ot~O£t<:, OTO Batµ6 nou te1po6vtat anapaltQTt<:, va naptxovtat µ£ an6AUTQ 6Lat4Vtla. 
El Val £fi l Of)( Ol)IJGVtl r6 ta Tl µoA6y lO VG OUT novtat npo<: tl)V not 6tQTCl TfJ( napex6µ£VQC: 
unQpeolac. ElvaL oatt<: 6Tt ot nolottrtc unqpeolt<: taxu6pope(ou nptntl va elvat 
tntrtp6tlc. YnQptolec rar~<: nol6tqta<: ra1av106v •6tavoµtac eox61qc: av6yrqc:•, µt xa1111A6 
ttµoA6yta rat napen6ptvt( ~qplec:. 
5.2 AIAPGPOIH TIMOAOfIOI 
Eh npayµatonou1hl o6yrploq an6 ha rpho<: ptAoc: oe ha 6Ho, ea npohuntt 6tt q 
taxu6pop t K~ .ht toupy (a nou naphtt 1qv rato.A u~ unqp£o (a d vat nap6po ta <AapBavoptvn 
un6to ttv 6tat6p1v npoo£yyloe11v TIJ<: £KIJOX4vtooc>. rta ti) ptytoto 6uvat~ av1an6rptoQ t11v 
npootat£UO!JtVIV UOQPEOl'V KG~£ Kp6tOUC: ptAOU( OtlC av6yK£( tlV ntAat•v £(Val £ntfupqt6 
KU£ Taxu6popu~ Ynqpeola va npooqylo£t TfJV qrnopu:~ tµnetp(a 111v Aotnh Ynqpeoth. 
rat'aut6v tov tp6no, q rU£ µla ~a ene6lut TfJV 118t.Atlotq npantK~", Kat q npOKTlK~ 
aut~, 6tav £fappootd an6 6At<: tt<: Ynqpeolt<:, ea o6qy~o£t otq 6tUtofJ optoµtvn 
6ttuKoA~voe1v ot 6Aouc touc neAOtt<: npootaT£uoµtv1v unqp£ot•v at rate tva an6 ta rpdtq 
µHq. 
H ratdHQAfJ npootyytoq tv6exo11tv1c: dvat 1J µeAhq ti)<: Ofatptr6ttp1J<: nttav~c o£tpd<: 
ouµSattdv 6tturoA6vauv, rat otq ouvhtta ri e~haoq rat6 n6oo rUe p(a an6 au1tc 
nphtt VQ npoottPElal. Eh hv unapxEt lOXUP6<: A6yo<: YlQ 'tf}V pl) npOOfOPG tr)<: 
6t£ur6Auvon<:, t6tt nptnEl aut~ va eyKplvttat. To np610 £~£ta~6µevo oqµe{o Katd tf) xp~oq 
aut~<: t~<: npoatyylOIJ<: tlvat 6tt nphet va utlo1a1at oetpd ouµSattdv 6tturoA6vouv 
6ta3tolµf) OTOU( XP~Ot£<: ldft Taxu6poptK~( Ynripto{a<: 
<napd to yeyov6c 6tl Ol 6l£UroA6vo£lC ev6txetal va notrlAAouv µeta~6 ttv Taxu6poplK•v 
Ynqpeo l h >. O l qrnaot4oe u; nptnu nt 'db totov va nep l Aap84vouv HJ 6uvat6tl)ta uv 
xpqat•v va npo8alvouv at npo6laAoy~ tou taxu6poptlou touc: tvavtl tKnt•ot1v. 
5.3 EDIDE&A TIROAOrIOI 
Etvat oattc 6tl ta ouvextaouv va un4pxouv oqpavttrtc 6tafoptc at~ 6an4vec t1v eyx1pl1v 
unqpeoth ttv Taxu6popuh Ynqpeoth tlJC lotvhqtac. Ian6xpova, npoc 6tdoc TIJC 
p&AAovtll~C eup1otlac; tou topta taxu6popel1v tQC Kotv6tl)tac;, to Rpdotvo BtSAlo 
npoulvet 6tt fa tnpeu va utlotatal onv~ oh6£oq uv tqJOloyllV 11e uc 6anhec. Ot 
660 au1tc 6ql6o&lC auvendyovtal 6tl 6ev µnopel va undp(&l evap116vto11 ae K4veva tvta(o 
ttpol6ylo. <To ouµatpaapa aut6 tox6et touA4xtotov tic 6tou undp~&l oqpavtLKQ o6yrltoq 
6anav6v, rat to6to 6&v talv&tal ntfav6, a16pa rat ptoo/parponp6f&opa>. 
eupqttd fa ~tav, tvat1C6, . 6uvat~ q Mtfl nolt tllCQC an6taoqc yta tqv rahtp1011 
evappovtaptvou ttµoAoylou auto6 tou e(6ouc. Onotoo6qnote opyavtoµ6c aveldpSave autQ tqv 
an6taoq fa tnpsne uupxh va uh l ev nqviou av t6lat uph 6anavh nou autQ 
ounndyna l, trJC htaaric uv anal touµh1v 6 tent 6ot~ouv Kat, Be Sa tic, trlC n l fade 
apvqtlK~C avt(6pao11c 11v Kataval1t6v. 
'Eva ttTOlO evappovtoptvo ttpol6yto •a Baot~6tav &(t£ 0£ tva nµtoon KOlVOTlK6 K60tOC Q 
otLC 6andvec 111c x•pac pe to xapqA6tepo r601oc otnv Kotv6tnta. to nptto ta ouvenay6tav 
an Uc Ka l p6vo J.IG~ l ictc 6 l en l60T~OU( ( raUc 0 npootat£U6JJ£VO( toµtac TGXU6POJ.1£ (IV TrJC 
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•nieovaoµattKAv• Ynqpeat6v. ff 6e6tepq entloy~ 6ev •a ouvenay6tav anlt~ 6tent6ot~oetc;, 
alld en{o~c KGl 1evtpt1tc ~nt601~oetc;. Ev ouvtopla, rotv6 ttµol6yto fa elxe 1c ouvtnela 
Kotv~ Taxu6poptK~ RoltttK~. 
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0611y~o£t oe neptof>toptv11 £laotlK6t111a tt~ npoc tqv uav6tqta enluu(qc av 016uv 111c 
nta(a<: ayop6.c;. 
R~~~~1n~1._1~-~-t1~2,~11~111~_111~~~2~1l2 ______ ~--------------------------------------~lAl~1-~~t 
DAPAPIHIA 15 EIAOlOINOJl[O TAXYAPOIEIO 
1. EIIArore 
Ito Ctt6AalO 8 £~tt6~ttGl q tnttupqt~ CGVOVlOtl(~ ftoq YlG ev60COlVOtlC6 cal 6ttfvt( 
taxu6popelo <otqv nap6ypato 8). H e~ttaoq avt~ ouv6tetat pt tq oetpd tQ( 11e µ(a lentoptp~ 
avc\Avoq tou ta l vo11hou tf)( avnaxu6p611qoqc <no utUa lO 5, nap6ypafo( 9 >. Io nap6v 
nap6ptq11a anoocontl va ou11nAqp6oel tqv e~ttaoq naptxovta( Atntopeptotepq tnlxetpqpatoloyla. 
Rapadn utltntu ta K6pta enuup~11na untp Kat icat4 ti)( unay1y~( tou n6ocotvouco6 
taxu6popelou otov npootattu611tvo topta. <Ta ouot66q tnlXtlp~pata tctlttvtal un6 popf~ 
6qA6ottv tav nAtuptv nou ou1111ettxouv ot pla 6qp6ota ou~~tqoq.> 0( npo( to p~KO( tou Kttptvou 
ta pnopo6oe va 6QIJlOupyqttl q tvt6n1oq 6tt o tRlXttpqpatoAoyla cllvet npo( tl)V nleup6 tou 
anorAttopo6. To6to 6111<: 6tv anottltl ox6Ato t( npo( to tt6tr6 86po( ~ tqv a~la ttv tntptpou( 
tnlHlPQ1J6t1tv. 
2. IRIXEIPHRAIA YREP IHI YDAfOfHI 
2.1 EDIOTOIEII THI EIIAIAI AfOPAI 
H apd TrJ( tvlalac ayop6( tlvat p(a lotv6tqta upl( eo1ttptd e11noptd o6vopa. ea 
µnopo6ot va te1pqtel nap66o~o t6v tox6ouv 6tatopttlKOl putptottcol rav6vt( 11tta~6 
£fVlK06 KGl £V60KOlVOtlK06 taxu6poptlou. 
Ka Uc £ ~£1 l oona t ri Kol v6tqta ev6httat va ttft l to ~~tqpa pt ac: tv ta Lac: Taxu6po11 u~c: 
Ynqptola<:, ri onola ta KaA6nt£l to o6voAo tf)<: Kotv6tqta(. Itqv npaypattc6tqta talvttat 
6tt Uf(OTQVTQl lOXUPO £DlX£lP~IJGtG cat6 Tf)( nfltptCJf)( PlO( thOlG( unqptolac: <SUnt 
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11nopo6ot va ev l ox6ou To £nL X£ lpqµa 6t t, th 6 tu toAoyd tat ri 6nap(q npooTattuOiJhttV 
URf)P£0t'V 0£ £fVtK6 £nlnt6o, ta pnopo6ot va 6lKQlOAoyqt£( KQl 0£ KOlVOTllC6 £nln£60. 
2.2 AIAIAXYAPOIHIH Aoro AllIOIHTQI ITA lATAAHlTllA YEAH 
Ynootqp{~ETQl 6Tl f) avaTaxu6p6pqoq 8aol~£TQl Otf)V QVl06Tr)TQ OTO o6otqpa tlV KQtGAl)KTlK6v 
ttA6v i1£ta~6 tri( rata8aAA6pevqc: ano~qpl1oqc: cat ttv npaypattr'v 6anav•v 6lavoµ~c:. <Auto6 
tou d6ouc ri 6~han nt~av•c: 6ev lOX6tt Yla avataxu6p611nori A-8-B, cat4 TrJV onola 
nAqpevov~at TtµoA6yta £OMt£ptro6 otqv Ynqptola 6lavoµ~(.> 
3. EDIXEIPHNATA YDEP TOY AOO[AEIIKOY 
3.1 YtIIIANEIOI AITAfOIIIKOI 
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na to ev6oKotvottK6 cat To 6lEht~ entoToAH6 taxu6poiJdO. ea ~Tav AUoc: va oupqto6v 
tepa ot neAdt£~ µla entAoy~ triv onola txouv ouvqtlott. 
~lAl~«-l~f _______________________________________________ [q~t~1n~g_l~-~-&!~~1~11~111~_1q1~~~~~ti~ 
J.2 BEAIIOIEII TOI DAPEXOMEIOI YDHPEIIOI 
Ot taxu6poptKt( Ynqp£ol£( txouv £nt6£l(£t xapqAo6( putpo6( £n£v660£1v yta tQ 8tAtl1aq 
tQ( not6tqta( ttv nap£1optv1v unqp£atAv tou 6t£tvo6( taxu6poptlou <aupn£ptAap8avoptv1v 
KOl TOU £Y60KOlVOTlK06). TApa npaypatonoto6v £D£V660£l( cup(•( I( anottA£opa Tl( 
ntto£t( tou avtay1vtopo6. 
R1~t~1nl~-l~-~-tl~212112111~_111!~~2~tl2 ______________________________________ ~ _______ qtAl~1-~i! 
EX£l tyKataotat£( t6pa tva o6otqpa pttpqoq<: tQ<: tn(6ooq<:. To6to, n6vt1<:, 6£(XV£L 6tt q 
tphouoa en l6ooq 6tv £l va L KaA~. H CEPT hu tton lou a' hav huno ot6xo, H+J < tp( tq 
£py6otpQ tn£tta an6 tqv taxu6p6pqoq>, np6otata 6£lypata 6p1<: 6£lxvouv 6tt p6vo 41i ttv 
avttK£tptv1v avtanoKplvovtat oto or6xo aut6. 
Ot t6t1ttKol top£(( £KP£t4AA£uoq( nou avtay1vl~ovtat ta ouor~pata 6t£tvo6( taxu6popelou 
ttv Iaxu6popuh Ynqpeoth 6n 6qpoou6ouv anouUopna oxnu4 pe tqv nothqta tn 
napexoptv1v unqpeat6v. I6vtopa, 1ot600, ot 6an4v£( t1v 6tat6p1v fopt1v e1pet6AA£uoq( ta 
nAqot4oouv peta~6 tOU(. I6te, 6Aot ot tOP£(( napox~( unqpeot6v <oupneptlap8avoptv1v cat 
t1v t6t1ttK6v topt1v ta n1Ao6v enl tf) 84oet ttv napixoptv1v unqpeot6v. 
Yn6 1avovtrt( ouvt~K£( q avataxu6p6pqoq A-B-8 pnopel va entr6xet tax6tepou( xp6vou( an6 
61pou £l( 61pov an6 6tt to taxu6pop£(o nou anoottAAetat pto1 tou ouot~pato( t1v 
Taxu6poptK6v Ynqpeot6v. Yn6pxouv 660 nttavol A6yot yt'aut6. 
Dphov, o t6utt 16( top ta( upn6Ueuoq( n6hna t va £l vu anotdtopat u6npo( otq 
6t£~ay1y~ TfJ( 6taAoy~( e~epxoptv1v rat otqv enac6Aoutq peTatop4 otq x6pa 6tavop~(. <rta 
To tdtuTa lo eyxe lpqpa pnope l · n6uo11h1( va £ l vat oe ttoq va XPfJO q10no t~ou vuuep t vt( 
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6t6ttpov, taxu6pops( annhla<: OTO 060tf)pa eonepuo6 tfJ<: Ynqpeola( 6uvop~(, 
Katatttovta( to taxu6poptK6 ultK6 ae otpatqytc6 entAeyptvo ypatelo 6taAoy~( otov 
Katoptoptvo an6 10 ypatelo aut6 t6no/ox~pa. Iuy1ptttc6, to raxu6pope(o t1v Taxu6poptK6v 
Ynqpeot6v 6ttpxstat an6 tva t1v nol6 0Aly1v •avtaAAaKtqpl1v ypafe(1v•, 6nou ouxv4 pnopel 
va un6pxouv oupfop~oet<:. Iox6et oat6( 6Tt q eyx6pta not6Tqta napexoptv1v unqpsot6v <yta 
to etvtr6 taxu6poptr6 pe6pa evt6( tou onolou Taxu6popo6v ot t6tttlKol tOPtl<: 
£KP£t4AAtuof)(> elvat av6tepq an6 aut~ tou ttoepx6p£vou 6tetvo6<: taxu6popelou. 
3.3 EDArrEARATIIH ERAPIEIA 
Itqv neplnttof) tf)( eyx6pta( 6taclvqoq(, fJ raxu6poptK~ Ynqptola elvat q p6vq nou rattxet 
avayvtptophfJ enayy£Apatt r~ £n6picua. To yeyov6<: aut6 6£ oup8a l vet Kat' av4yrq u t t( 
npo<: to 6uht<: taxu6po11elo. Aev elvat ruxalo To yqov6<: 6TL ot natpel£( 
ava1axu6p6pf)OfJ( elvat Kat6 r6pto A6yo elte tuyaTptKt<: etatpet•v aeponoptr6v llttatop•v ~ 
aepop£tGfOP£l( KftSR£ly6v11v. 
Me 6AAa A6yla, £(vat £l6tr£u11tvol at aeponoptrt<: petafopt( kat6 1p6no nou ot 
Taxu6po11trt( Ynqpeo(e( 6ev elvat. 'Ooov atop6 1qv 11epl6a 1ou 1axu6popelou enttavtla(, 
£Ktl n4At £(Val £l6lK£UptV£( 4AA£( £tGlp£(£( p£tQfOp6v. 
Ar6pa, A6y1 tOU 6tl noAlol t6lltlKO( fOPtl( £Kp£t6AA£UOf)C txouv 6oooAqtl£( PE 
Taxu6poplrt<: Ynqpeolec ae pepov1ptvq 84oq <1ouA6xtaTov otqv neplnt1oq 1q( 
•avataxu6p6pqoqc• A-B-B>, ouxv4 yv1pl~ouv neptoo61epa y6p1 an6 TLC Aettoupylec 6tavop~( 
11v Ynqpeot6v npooptapo6, nap6 Ol 6AAe( Taxu6poptrtc Ynqpeolec. 
3.4 lEP6H ROY 6EI ADAITEITAI DAEOI IA 6IEDl60TOYITAI 
Ano6 tOU £l60U( Ol 6tent60t~O£l( ~TQV £V ndoq neptnt•oet I.HJ lKGVODOlf)1tdc KOl tnpent 
va elxav erAeltel. AK611a rat av ~tav ano6£Ktf<: OL 6l£nt601~0£t<: autt(, ta rtp6q an6 10 
6letvt( taxu6pope(o 6ev fa elval nAtov tq<: l6ta Td(fJ<: 6n1( raT6 TO napeAf6v. 
To np6ypa1Jpa TfJC CEPT yu ta rataAquu4 1Uq hetve va au(~ott Tl( e(epx6peve( 4peae( 
6an4v£(. E4v 10 rataAqKttK4 ttAq Saol~ovtav enl 11v ttp0Aoyl1v eo11eptco6, Ol 6an6vt<: 
autt<: ta hu vav en loq( va au(qfo6v. Ant otp6t•c, o t Ynqpeo ( £( ta £Ah8avav rat4UqAq 
ano~qp(1oq yta tov £loepx611evo 6yro epyaot•v tou(, rat 6ev ta anatto6oav enoptv1c nAtov 
va 6t£nt6oto6v an6 e(epx611eva too6a yta va nAqp6vouv etoepx6p£V£( ~qp(£(. 
OpLV aK6µa Au~tl TO ~~Tf)µa TIV KataAf)KllK'V TtAiv, nptn£L n £(tpx6µ£Yf) Ynqptola va tlvat 
•t1pf)TLKd ot: Hon va anaynLotd Ott( uµt( 1J£ hav fopta avataxu6p6µqof)( A-B-r. 
Ev6ht:ta L va µqv £l vat otqv npd(n, A6y1 tou 6tt o l Taxu6po11 u:t c Ynqpto l £( a toUvovtaL 
TIJY av6yKq va txouv u•nU £ (t:px611t:va TL IJOA6yta µ£ oKon6 va 6 t tn t6oto6v TL ( anUt tt( 
t:ontptco6. 
3.5 AITAfOIIIROI XOPII IA 8lfEI ff DAPOXH tA80AltHI YDHPEIIAI 
'01av µla ttalptla 1J£ta86AA£l tf)V npa11t1~ tf)( an6 tou va avaA68£l 116vq tQC: tva tpyo 1al 
av1'auT06 to avaftt£t e(11tpl16, oxe66v ndvtot£ 10 anottAeoµa tlvat a6(qoq 11v 
µttaBAnT•v 6anav6v tou tpyou. fta 1axu6poµelo nou 6qµtoupyeltat otf) x6pa 1ou, q 
£(£px6µevn Taxu6poµlK~ Ynqptola •avafttel• oe pla 6AAq Taxu6poµt1~ Ynqptola va avaA68£l 
Tl) 6 taVOIJ~. Dap6 10 yeyov6c: 6t l no.AU( an6 tu; 6anh£C: 6 laVOIJ~C: 1nc: uoepx6pevq( 
unqp£Olac: dvat n6yla, Ol l6t£C: aUTtc: 6anhec: xpdvovtal 01qv £(£px611tvq Ynqpeola 11c: 
µnaa>,qtt(. 
Yn6 1qv npoun6fton 6tl 10 uAt16 ava1axu6p6pqoqc: neptouAAtyttal an6 TLC: £y1a1ao16oetc: 1nc: 
ttalptla( rat 6lavtpttal µtot 1ou 6l116ou tl)C: taxu6popll~( Ynqptolac: 010 x6pa tou 
napaA~n1n, ta 660 16pla otOlXtla nayl1v 6anav6v tou 6lrt6ou napox~c: 1af0Al1~c: unqptolac: 
6t:v tnf)ptd~ovtat 061£ flyovtat an6 1nv ava1axu6p6pqoq : 
-nap66t£C: neptouAAoytc: : 
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£YKataotdo£ l c: 6t£fV~C: 6LGK{Vf)OI) 
tn ndadv, neptouAAtyetal an6 ttC: 
q avataxu6p6µoon e(uoAouhl va nAqpol ta anoduottd 
6lKat61.1a1a tou fopta napox~( npoo1a1euoptv1v unqpeol6v otf) 
x6pa 6lGVOIJ~C:· 
3.6 4IEYPYIIH TOI ERIAOfOI TOY tAIAIAAOTH 
Optoptva an6 ta ~n1~µa1a nou afopo6v TO ev6oKolvotlK6 C6laouvoplaK6) 1axu6po11elo tlvat 
avay1alo va ttfo6v 010 nAaloto µtac: £(£Atoo6µevqc: O£lp6c: tntAoy•v tou KatavaAtT~ OX£TtK6 
µ£ tn totoAtc: : 
H ouv~•nc: oxton y ta To tn t 010A t 16 uxu6poµ£l o £l vat Q taxu6p6µqo~ Tou an6 tvav n£Ahq 
otf)v Taxu6poµtK~ Ynqpt:ola, n onola OTIJ ouvtxtla to 6tavtµ£t otov napaA~ntl). 
0 ntAdTl)C: tx£L £O(Of)C: ll)V £ntAoy~ va TO 6tOY£(p£L 0 (6toc: antuftlac: OTOV napaA~ntq. 
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taxu6poµelou oTqv Taxu6poµlK~ Ynnptola TIJC: x6pac: 6tavoµ~c:. nou otn ouvtxtta 6tavtµ£l To 
1axu6poµtlo otov napaA~ntn. 
fla Tnv ntp(n11on tou tv60KOLVOtl106 taxu6poµ£Lou o ntA4tnc: 6La~tT£l tnlonc: 1nv entAoy~ 
6lavoµ~~ tou taxu6poµt(ou antu~tlac: otov napaA~ntf). 
o ntAhn~ µnopd va taxu6poµ~O£l TIJV aHnAoypaf(a tou oTnv Taxu6poµLK~ Ynnpto{a tf)C: 
x'pa~ 6Lavoµ~c:, n onola otn ouvtxtla 6Lavtµ£t TO taxu6poµ£(o oTov napaA~ntf). 
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OTJJV Taxu6poµtK~ Ynnptola, Tf) 6Lavtµ£l OTOY napaA~n1n. 
~qete1n~1_1~-~-ti~~l~1i~11!~_111!le211lq _____________________________________________ ~qlAll1_l~l 
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to taxu6pop£lo a£ t6t1tt16 fopta £1P£t6A1£uaq( £y1at£atqptvo atq x6pa 6tavop~(· o 
t6t1tt16( topta( nou taxu6pop£l atq auvtx£ta atqv Taxu6popt1~ Ynqp£ola, q onola 
a10Ao6a1( to 6tavtp£l. 
O nd6tQ( pnop£l va napaHau to uxu6pop£lo a£ t6unu6 topta upn6Unaqc: atq x6pa 
tou· o t6t1ttK6( toptac: pnoptl atq auvtxeta va P£tattP£l to taxu6popelo oe 6Alov 
t6t1ttc6 topta ecpet611£vaqc: atq x6pa 6tavop~(· to taxu6popelo napa6l6etat otq ovvtxeta 
atqv Taxu6poptc~ Ynqpeala tQ( 16pac: 6tavop~c:. q onola to 6tavtpet acolo6t1c: otov 
napaMntq. 
An6 tqv napan6n anapt tpqphq aup4 tal vnu va npodntu 6u n tloy~ auto6 tou a l6ouc:, q 
onola e~aicoAou1'£l va aUnat ta anoduaud 6uat6pata tou topta napox~c: npootanuophn 
unqpeat6v otq xtpa 6tavop~(, ta nptnet va enttptnetat. 
DAPAPTHllA 16 E:EtAIH lPITHPIOI rIA IOI lA90PIIRO DPOITATEYOMEIOY TOllEA 
1. uurorH 
O l6plo( ot6xoc: noAlflK~C: £lvu q 6uotd.Aloq tqc: utoAlK~C: unqptolac:. fla tf)Y tnluu(~ tou 
npot£lv£tat q Kafttp1oq µla( KOlYOtll~C: O£lpd( npootat£uoptv1v unqp£~l6Y. Ol npootat£u6µevec: 
unqp£olec:, 6n1c: enlooc: ral oploµtv£( µq npootateu6µevec:, ta avaAdBouv unoxpt1oq rafoAlK~( 
napox~c:- 'AAA£( unqpeol£( -6n1( autt( t1v 1aten£ty6vt1v ~ ttv 6ep6t1v µey6Aou 86pou( -6ev 
ta elval npootateu6µevec: rat 6£v ta txouv unoxpt1oq ratoAlr~c: napox~c:. 
To npou l v6µno ptoo y la tqv en l uu~q tou othou icatoA l r~c: unqpu (a( £ l vat l'J uh tp1011 
oup6( npootattuoph1v unqpeo th. Aut~ q oup6 npootauuophn unqp£o th nphe t va £ l vat 
ratd to 6uvat6v neptoptoµhq. nap6 to yeyov6c: 6tt oplopha 6tpata ev6hnat va houv 
KatoAlK~ unoxpt1aq, e(vat oattc: 6tt 6ev nptnet va ouµn£plAQtto6v otq ottp6 ttv nttav6v ttv 
npootauuoµhn unqpeoth. <Elval Mil µq npootauu6peva at 6Aa ta rphq µUq. > To l6lo 
t oxh t tn (OIJ( Yl a htuna • 11ap6 to yeyov6c: 6H µnop£ l va houv dno la unoxphoq utoAl K~( 
unqpeolac:, ta tnp£n£ va tlvat pq npootateu6µeva. · 
2. IEPIEXOllEIA 
talvncu enoµh1( oattc: 6tt to npho £fapµootto KPl t~plo pna(6 tlY utoAuh unqptolh, 
£lvat to KPlt~pto ttv n£ptexoµtv1v, µ£ 01on6 ta avttrelµeva nou n£pttxouv tvtuna ~ 
£µnop£6pata va tonofetqto6v oat6c: otov µq npootateu6µevo toµta. Aut6 nou anoµtvet µetd tl')V 
£fapµoy~ TOU av11tp1 KPltQp(ou D£pl£X01JtVtV £(Val 6Aa TQ QVTlK£lµeva 1axu6poµtK~( 
enuotvevla( npoonu:~~ ~ e(atoptKtUIJhlJC: t6oqc:. Kat 6µ1c:, aut6 fa ouvnloouv va elvat 
neptoo6tepa an6 6oa anatttltat yta tt( npootattu6µevec: unqpeolec:. Oc: tK to6tou, otq ouvtxeta 
ti}( £fapµoy~( tou KPltlJp(ou ntptexoµtv1v, nptntt va tox6oouv optoptva nepatttp1 rptt~pta <~ 
Kptt~pto> pt 01006 va 6taotaA(oouv to ptKp6tepo 6uvat6 npootattu6µevo toµta. 
E(et6~£tat napaK6t1 notd µnope( va tlvat aut6 ta nepatTtpt Kptt~pta <~ KPlt~pto>. 
3. TillH 
A6yt tou t6pouc tlV Tl µoAoy l n <Ka l Ttv 6anavh > av ouv~hv en l otoAl dv unqpto th ota 
6Lhopa Kphq µHq, £(val a66vato va undp(tl ha tVlalo 6plo tLµ~c: (£Kfpaoµho ot tontK6 
v6µtoµa> yta npootateu6µevtc: unnpEolE<: nou icaA6ntouv to o6voAo TQ<: Kolv6TqTa(. 
Edv elxe oplotel tva EVtalo 6pto tlP~<: ot icdtt Kpdtoc µtAoc, ta µnopo6ot va ElXE 6ta8ptt£l 
Batµta{a an6 tov nAqf1ptoµ6. To KavovtoTtK6 6pyavo ta µnopo6oE va tetp~Otl to6to £nttuµqt6. 
Edv 6xt, to ravovtaTlK6 6pyavo ev6txetat va entfuµel Tnv ntpto6tK~ avate,pqoq tou oplou. 
To 6pto TllJ~C: ta µnopo6oe va oplofd oe avatop6 npoc u1v Ttµo.Aoytar~ 60µ~ yta tf) Saotr~ 
en totoAt ic~ unqpeola. napa6d yµaTo<: dpn, fa i.inopo6oe va optottl oTnv too66vaµn Tlµ~ tou 
6notou npot£tv6µevou oplou Sdpouc:, ~ ot oTatep~ oxton µe To ttµoAoytaK6 avtloTotxo Tou oplou 
Sdpouc: <lot( tvc: 1,5 foptc: tou TtµoAoytaKo6 avTtotolxou>. 
9a µnopo6ot va un4P~tl o Klv6uvoc: va oploet OTl'JV npayµattK6tnta o foptac: uµn4Utuoqc: TO 
putµtOTlK6 6pto yta µq npootateu6µtvt<: unqpEolt<;. To yeyov6<: auT6, 10T600, 6tv nptntl va 
npoKaAtatt µeydAq avnouxla, 6e6oµtvou 6tt ot KavovtoTtKtc: apxt<: nptntt va eyKplvouv, 
~ touA6xlotov va ava~qt~oouv OltloA6yqoq yta aAAaytc; ot tlpoAoytac6 tnlnt6a. I6tatttp1(, ta 
nptnu va otpOouv trJV npooox~ touc; otq 6l6ptp1oq t1v upoAoyln -Uyou x6pq YLG va 
t(aotaAloouv 6tl Ol auUouc uph ottc; 6tdfopt( Batpl6tc; Bdpouc; ouv6tovtGL pt auUou( 
K6otOU(. 
Hla nttav~ A6oq o'aut6 to np68Aqpa putptotlK~C: apx~c:/topta £Kptt6AA£uoqc; ta ~tav o apxtr:6c; 
Katoptop6( tou oplou tLp~c; oe ovatop6 npoc; to tLpoA6yto yla to 6pto ·stpou(. Itq ouvtx£ta to 
6pto ta 11nopo60£ vo ouv6£f£l pt tqv ttll~. KOl utd tq 6t6pcua tQ( o6v6uqc; aut~( va aaqv 
au~6v£tOl ntptoo6ttpo on6 to 6tlKtQ nlqt1plopo6. <H 86oq yto tq o6v6£oq ta elvat n6vta to 
npo1no6pno 6p lo tt IJ~<:. > tuou6, q put ti lat u~ apx~ tin opt l nhto vo anotaol~u xapqA6upo 
6plO on6 TQV o6~qoq lOU 6t(Ktq. 
4. BOIOTHTA 
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nep touUoy~c; < ~ anootoA~c: >. H xp~oq, 1ot600, tQC: phpqoqc; an~c: yta tov utoptop6 tQC: 
6t60£0Q( peta~6 £RlOtOA6v Kil KOT£R£lY6VtlY ta ~tov npoBAqpatll~. 
Eh q 6 thp l oq y t v6tav otq Uoq unqpeo tGK~C: en l6ooqc;, to ytyov6c; aut6 ta uohaye ha 
ovo6poptr6 ototxelo. Dapa6elyt101oc: x6pq, e6v pto ouv~tqc; £nlotoA~ 6tavtpeto ae Aty6tepo on6 
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ovnulpno 6n 6tntpno ae 213 QtJtpec: <6n1c: evloa oupBalvu>, ta hpeu to ovtutltino 
aut6 va te1pqttl tK ttv uottptv ouv~tqc: entotoA~, tnoptvtc; rat npootottu6t1evq unqp£olo; 
H 6uocoAla tqc; ava6poµu~~c: tdpqoqc;, t6tatdp1c: otq 6e6npq ntplnuoq, uno6un6u 6tt q 
npooox~ nptnet va tottaotel p6AAov OTLC: npoo6ocltc; tou ntA6tq, nap6 otqv tptxouoo enl6ooq 
<nop6 to yeyov6c;, tuotc6, 6tl q 6e6tepq enqpe6~tl tl( np6tec;>. 
O t npoo6oKl ec: av ntAath otov toph out6 µnpo6no l caA6apa on6 tqv ll IJ~ nou el vu 
6tatttetptvot va rata86Aouv. 
H xp~OIJ ti)<; tlP~C: ntptCJ06tepo an6 tqv taxhqta 6tovop~c;, •c: KPl t~pto hu to nuUov 
nAeovtctqpa 6tl avayv1p(~tl otqv npaypattc6tqta cat 6AAt<: popttc: nol6tqtac; nou a~toAoyo6v ot 
neA6te<: ra'l yta tl<; onole<: tlvat 6tatettL1Jtvot va cata86Aouv µeyaA6tepo t(IJqpa. 
5. BAPOI 
A6y1 tou yeyov6to<: 6tt p£tp6 an6AutQ.tlp~, to KPlt~pto 86pouc: 6ev utlotatat optoptva an6 ta 
eAott6pata nou avattptqcav napan6v1 yta 10 KPlt~pto tllJ~C: <nou otqv ouola atopo6v tqv l6la 
tlYQtlK6tqta tV6( KPltqptou TllJ~c>. Dptntl, tat6oo, va GVGYYIPlOtt( 6tl to KPlt~PlO 86pouc: 
6tv tnapK~ ateaut6, tat6c 6tv tlvat at ttaq va anocAtloet tAatp6tepa cattnt(yovta 
GVTlK£lptva. ea tnptn£ tnoptv•c: YO XPQOllJOROltltal OE ouv6uaop6 IJE to KPlt~PlO lllJ~C-
6. IYl&YAI"OI BAPOYI/TINHI 
M6vo hac auv6uaop6c Gtl) XP~OI) HIV KP l tl)p (IV Upouc: cal ll IJ~( <tntl ta an6 1QY £tCIPIJOY~ TOU 
KPlTQplou ntplEXOIJtVOU) fa tRlt6Xtl to 01610 TQ( IJlKp6ttpQ( tflCT~( npootat£U61J£VI)( RtPlOX~<: 
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taut6xpova ea 6taota.Al~tl 1qv cafoAtK~ unqptola. Ta avuul1-1na nou ea napapelvouv •c 
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6ttutuvolo6otqptvq 6taf~ptoq 6l6 tou 1axu6pop£lou -cat aut6 1-16vo he: optoptvq llP~ cat 
86pouc. 
Evtalo 6pto Upouc; ta pnopo6ot: va t:fapµootd OE 6A11 tQY htaoQ tQC: Kotv6trpac; icat OtQ 
ouvtxt:ta, t:v6tEl tqc; oqpt:ptv~c: pt:y6Aqc; notKtAlac; tt110Aoyl1v, ta pnopo6oav va unoAoytofo6v ta 
6p ta tt p~c; ot: dft: Kphoc; ptAoc; OE avatop6 npoc; 10 6p to Upouc;. Mt:oo/puponp6hopa, dv 
un6p~tt t:napK~C: o6yKA tort 6anavh ica t ttpoAoy ln, ta pnopo6oe to 6p to 86pouc; va El vu 
Of£11Ut06 EnapKtc;. 
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oe Taxu6poµtr~ Ynopeola elvat : tntt6nta taxu6p6µqoq, taxu6p6µoon 0£ anoµarpuaµtvo ooµElo 
CntOav'c vn6 ovµ8attK6 6tarovovtoµ6> otnv (6ta E~VtK~ £ntrpdt£ta· µetafopd TO~ l6ta( 
a.UoAoypaf lac: 6 t aµtoou ouv6pn y ta tov tax u6p6µqa~ tou otriv Taxu6pou tr~ Vnqpeo la auq~ 
x•pac: yta EKE( 6tavo1.1~· IJEtafopd to<: (6tac aAAoAoypaflac 6taµtoou ouv6p11v yta tnv 
taxu6p6µqa~ TOU OTQV Taxu6pOIJLK~ Vnqpeo(a aAAn~ x•pa~ yta 6tOVOIJ~ OE dAAn an6 TQV x•pa TOU 
anoo10Ata· rat ~£ta,opa aAAoAoypaflac: 6taµtoou ouv6pwv yia 1nv 1axu6p6µqo~ Tou atnv 
[!1qq~~l~-------~---------------------------------------------------------------------~!!l~t-~it 
CEPI 
Upa Taxu6po1Ju:~ Yn11ptola Tl'JC dpac auT~C yla 6lavoµ~ Kal ndll OTl'J xApa Tou anootoHa. <fla ta 
tp(a ttAtUTa(a napa6tlyµata nptn£l va Ol'JIJtlll&tl 6tl tlval 6uvattc 6lafopttlKtc pUflJlOttKtC: 
an6ttlC:, av6Aoya llt TO 1at6 n6oo ot tpnAtK6ptvtc xiptc tlvat tvt6c ~ £Kt6c tl'JC: Kotv6tqtac:>. 
Eup1natc~ Al60K£tl'J Alotc~ot1v Taxu6poµel1v Kat TQA£nt1Cotv1vt6v. KaA6nttl Ynqpeolec: an6 6Aa 
ta cphq µHq KO t an6 uc: neptoo6upec: Ao utc: eupnai de: dpec:. · Auicp l vnat dpa at 
taxu6poptc~ icat tqhnuotvntu~. H CEPI <Taxu6po11ela> unpoo1n£l tnl tou nap6noc: nc: 
Taxu6poµtrtc: Ynqpeolec: 1c: topelc: £KP£t6AAeuoqc:, utlotatat 6µ1c: t6pa c6not£C: ev6el~tlC: 6tl 
ev6txetat va un6p~et 6taKptt~ op46a tQC CEPT yta tQV £cnpoo6nqoq taxu6poptc6v cavovtottK6v 
apxh. 
Avuulpna nou nepthouv e11nope6pata Yla 6lavop~ 0£ optophq 6u6fuvoq. Tuntdc:, 6£V 
ut l otata t avhato 6p to 86pouc:, nou 6p1c: tuptl tat ouv~hc: 6t t £l vat ta 31 kg. <Rht an6 
aut6 To 86poc:, ta avttcelpeva ouv~f•c: tlvat ott8act6 •toptla anootoA~c:·.> 
Atlloy~ 
Apaotqpt6tqta nou npoKaAtl tl')V opa6onolqoq tv6c: avttKttptvou pt 4AAa yta tva ouyctcptptvo 
npooptoµ6. H np8tq 6ta6tKaola 6taAoy~c <6taAoy~ t~tpxoµtvou taxu6poptlou opa6onotel 
avTtKtlptva yta µla ouyrtcptptvq n6Aq ~ ntptox~ npooptopo6. Ito ypattlo •ttotpxoptvou•, q 
6taAoy~ 6taKplvtt To taxu6popelo at Atntoµeptot£P£C: ntptoxtc, Kat otq ouvtxeta catavtptt to 
Taxu6poµtlo oto unt6fuvo 6topo yta Tl'J 6tavoµ~. 
Atavop~ 
H T£AlK~ t4oq TQC T£AlK~C: 6ta6traolac ftptl TO taxu6poµtK6 QVTlKtlµtvo OTOV napaA~ntQ. Ol 
6 t avoµtc: KaA6ntouv ouv~hc op toµtvec npo6 t ayeypaµµhec ntp t oxtc:. H K6Aut11 Tl'JC: ntp tox~c: 
auT~C: anou.>.dtal ouv~hc: y6poc: 6lavoµ~c:. Ot taxu6poµtKtc: Ynqpeoltc: xpqolponolo6v tf)V 
htpaoq •nopda Taxu6poµ u:o6 6 t avo11ta", u611a Kat av o y6poc: £l vat 1111xavod vqtoc:. <tuc: 
Hnµhcc: no Al 'T d EC: Ka Ad ta L •6 ta6popq µ£ tafophc".) A6y11 'Tl'JC: anal 'Tl')Ol'JC napox~C: Kato A lK~C: 
unnptolac:, 'TO o6voAo T11v 6ta6poµ8v T1v Taxu6poµt18v 6tavoµt1v nptntt 6uvnttK4 va 6ltpxttal 
an6 6Aa Ta nt&av4 011µela 6tavoµ~c:. 
Atat~PlOl'J 6t6 tou taxu6poµelou 
Mla µopf~ 6taf~µtoqc:, nou ntpt.>.ap84vtt tl')v anooToA~ 6tOfl'JIJlOttKo6 µqv6patoc: 6t4 tou 
Taxu6poµtlou antu&tlac: OTO npoopt~61J£VO 4TOIJO. AnoOKOTit( £noµtv1c: OE tl6lK6Ttpf) OTOXOftTl')Of) 
an6 tiAAou( 6 t atl'JP t oT uo6c 6 l a6Aouc. H oqpep l v~ 1'4011 tou 6 t eufuvo t o6oTqµhou uxu6poµtl ou 
tlvat 11 nepatTtp1 •npoo1nonolno~ tou" (8Atne napu6a>. Y•lo'TaTat, 1ot600, pla Atyhepo 
O'TOXOfETf)ptvri napaAAay~, TO µI') 6t£ufuvoto6ot11ptvo Taxu6poµt(o (8Atnt napaK6T1>. 
El6llt~ unqpea(£~ 6tavop~~ £DlotoA6v 
O 6po( auT6c:, OTO Rp4otvo Bt8Alo, avaftpEtat oTqv KaTtnelyouoa tntoToA~ -•1ettres expres• 
(8Atnt napan4v1>. 
q~!l~~-~If ______________________________________________________________________________ [!1qqt~12 
Etoepx6ptvo/tta66ou 
Avattpetat oto teAeutalo tl.l~l.la tq~ taxu6poµtr~~ Aettoupylac, ouµneptAapBavoµtvq~ tQ( 
6tavoµ~~ otov napaA~ntq. Ava,tpetal tnoµtv1~ oTq AttToupy{a nou 6t£(6y£Tat an6 TO 
"napaAaµ86vov• dvtpo en l xup~ouv OE tva 0Aodqp11Jho 6 l nuo ~ an6 trJV "napalaµBhouoa• 
Taxv6poµtr~ Ynqpeo{a (~ 6AAo fopta nov txet avaA48et tqv unepyoAa8la> at rotv6 6{rtuo. 
'EvtVH 
AVTtrelµeva pe TauT6oqpo relptvo. Avattpovtat ouv~t1( oe 6qpoote6ott( (£fqpepl6£(, 
nepto6LK6 KOL 8t8Ala>, µnopo6v 6µ1( tnloq( va ntptAap84vouv rat 6tat~IJlOQ 6L6 TOU 
Taxu6popelou. 
E(nopt uupho 
'ODl(·XPQOllJOROltlTOl OTO Op60lVO BlBAlo, q At(q "£(QTOl.llKEU1Jtvo• avattp£TQl 0£ GVTlK£lµeva 
en uo l vn la( nou oxn l ~ovta l 1.1£ enayydµatt d( ~ npootn l d~ unoHoe u; Tou napaA~nTq µe 
tnapr~ atOIJlK6 xapaKT~pa DOU KGflOt6 oatt~ 6Tl TO KE(IJEVO ava,tp£TQl £l6tK6 OTOV napaA~nTQ. 
E(aToµtKeuµtva avTtKtlpeva, ta onola tno1.1tv1c 6ev tlvat tvtuna, n£ptAaµS6vouv enayyEAµaTtK~ 
aAAqAoypatla, avtlypata KlV~OEI( Aoyaptaoµ6v Kat tt1.toA6yta. 
E(ep16pevo I t(66ou 
DtplAaµS6v£l tl~ apXlKt( t60£l( tQ( taxu6p01JlK~~ A£ttoupy(a(. KaA6nT£l tr)V ntplOUAAoy~, tr) 
6 L aAoy~ e(epxoµtvou uxu6p.ope lou Kat tnv anooToM. 
EntatoM 
tin unapx£l evtalo( optoµ6(. Ot XP~OH( avttAaµBdvonat tva atoptd avayv6oqio 
tnt1otv1vtar6 11hu1Ja nou IJROpt{ va otaAtl tu: 6tdfopa 1Jtoa. rrptnet va avaftpttat ott~ 
npoo1nt1tc ~ tnayytAµaTtKt( unotto£t( tou anootoAta Kat/~ tou napaA~ntn. Yn6 tnv tvvota tou 
•entotoAtro6 taxu6poµelou", to onolo n£ptAa1J8dvet tvtuna rat IJlKPd nartta, ot Taxu6poµtKt( 
Ynripeolec avattpovtat evlou otov optoµ6 trJC nTE, o onoloc KaA6nT£t 6Aa ta taxu6poµtK6 
1Jnv6µata Sdpouc tic 2 kg. 
Ea1ttpt16 taxu6popelo 
EyKataotaon nou e(unqpetd tva nlpto ypafdttv ~µla ttatpela. To to1uptK6 taxu6poµdo 
nep t ouHtyt l Taxu6pOIJl d uAu6 rat to npoe tot µd~El Yl a rnxu6p6µrion otouc au Tl K06( fopd~ 
trµetaAAeuonc <neptAaµBavoµtvnc tr)( Taxu6poµtr~c Ynnpeola(). Optoµtvot taxu6poµtKol fopel( 
upttUAEuof)( houv apxloet va npoo9tpovtal va avaAUotJv aut~ tr) 6paotr)pt6tnta 11c tpltot 
tOP£ l c £pya~6µ£Vo t y ta Ao yap l aoµ6 HIV opyav t oµh nou 6qµ t oupyo6v to taxu6poµ u:6 uA t K6. 
Ynqpeo(a auto6 tou £l6ouc pnop£l va anot£Hoet µtpoc tup6t£pqc tpnAor~c av Taxu6pop t dv 
Ynqp£oth yta Tfl 6taulptoq oA6KAqpq( nptv tnv taxu6p6µqon 6ta6uaolac yta Aoyaptaoµ6 
n£Aat6v µeyaAric KAlµaKac. 
[A!~~~el~------------------------------------------------------------------------------~~!l~l-~11 
Flat -a6lnAuo 
£ntotoA~ t~ 6qpooltuoq> µeyttouc A4 nou anoottAAttat a6lnA1tQ. Atatplvttat A6y1 tou pey6Aou 
µeyttouc, neptnAtK£l TQ 6la6lKaola 6taAoy~c Kat au~6vet TlC 6an6.vec 6taAoy~c. 
HTT/UTS 
H revtK~ Iu1.1t1vla Epnoplou Kat Aaop6v <GATT>, nayK6opta noAupep~c oupt1vla nou enlXtlpel 
TOY DEPlOPl0!.16 tlY epnoptK6V fpayp6v. Ent6l6Ketal t6pa VG KGA6tel enloqc KGl TlC unqpeolec, 
11v onol1v n oupt1vla-nAalolo 1aAeltat revlK~ Iu1.1t1vla Epnoplou Ynqpeol6v <GATS>. 
BAtltPOYll~ AvtaAAay~ At6optv1v 
HAeKtpovtK~ µtto6oc yta tQ peta8l8aoq nooottK6v nAqpofopt6v. Baol~etal ae nAqpof6pqoq nou 
eto6.yttat un6 auotqpd tunonotqµtvo 1p6no. Elval l6taltepa ev6tattpouoa yla pel~ovec 
etalpelec nou avtall6ooouv pey6Aouc 6yKouc nooott16v nAqpofoptAv. occ e1 1061ou np6Ket1at 
va av1ay1vt a~e l Tl<: unnpeo lee 1axu6poµdou y la tr) 11na8 l8aon avt ue q.1hn 6n1c evtoUv, 
av1typ6ttv Ktv~oe1c loyaptaopo6 Kat 1t1.10Aoyl1v. Mnopel enlonc va XPfJOlponotqtel an6 
1axu6poµtKO~<: •optl<: e1µe16AAeuonc 01qv ent1otv1vla µe touc neA61ec touc. 
To 0601nµa ano~nµl1onc nou tox6et yla avtaAAaytc 6ltfvo6c taxu6popelou peta~6 Taxu6popt16v 
Ynnpeo l h. H Ynqpeo la "e H6ou" napaAapShe l 6Aa ta too6a an6 1ov neldtf). Itq ouvtxua 
ano~n1uh£L TfJV Ynqpeola "£to66ou" Yla uc 6an4vec nou houv npoK6tu u16 TfJ 6tavoµ~ tou 
1axu6poµdou. 
latenelyouoec unqpeolec 
LC Ol unqpeolec nou npooftpov1al an6 etalpelec ayyeltat6p1v Kat etatpelec Katenety6vt1v 
6q16.av <no Ht<: t ta tpel t\ Au toupyo6v uuthpova u t tu; 660 unf)pto ( £<: >. KaAo6vta l en (OQC 
ot unqpeolec Katenelyouoac nap66ooqc. KaA6n1ouv tl<: Ktv~oetc Katenelyovta xapaKt~pa 
eyyphn Kat Kat 6£µ6.uv <1a T£A£nala nepthouv eµnope6µaTa Kat anouAohtal ouxvd "I.In 
tyypafQ"). Ot £Talpdec nou npooftpouv ttC unqp.:o{.:c autt<: neplAaµSdvouv 1600 t6tntKo6c 
toptlc aµ£11\Htuon\ 600 Kat 6nµ6ote\ taxu6poµtKt\ Ynqptole\. Ot unopeolec ault<: notoHK6 
6taftpouv apK£T6 an6 Tl\ ouv~~El\ tntotoAtKt\ unqpeo(£\ ~ Tl~ unqpeolec 6eµ6t1v. 
<Iqµetw1tov 6tt ot unnpeolt~ autt~ 6tattpouv enlonc oloKAfJP•ttK6. an6 tnv "lettres expres" -
SAtnt napaK6.t1.) 
l:ta ya.Uu:d "Lettres et cartes" -ta(tV61Jf)OfJ trJ<: RTE nou KaA6ntu entotoU~ Kat 6eAtdpta 
<Kat anoKAtltl enoµtv1\ ta tvtuna -8ltn£ napan6v1 Aotnd AvttKt{µeva>. Xpqotµonoteltat yta 
6laouvoptaK6 Taxu6poµelo µtta(6 taxu6poµtK6v Ynnpeot6v, Ka~•~ Kat an6 optoµtva Taxu6poµela 
yta Tr)Y ta~tv6µnon t1v eyx1pl1v unqpeot6v touc. 
~t!l~g-~zi _______________________________ ~---------------------------------------------r!1~~~~1~ 
Lettre expres -lattntlyouoa EntotoA~ 
DaptxetaL an6 Taxu6poptrtc; Ynqpealec; : Dp6K£ttaL yLa enLotoAfJ £L6LK~c; pttaxelpLoqc;. Iuv~&tc; 
6LtKn£paL6vetaL tax6tepa <evlote pe £yy6qoq tnLotpof~c; xpqp6t1v e6v 6ev 6Lavepq&tl 
eyKalp1c;> KGL Katayp6tttat rat6 tqv anootoAfJ raL TO 6tavop~. 
AOIDA AITilEIBEIA <AO, nautres objects•) 
Ta(Lv6pqoq tqc; DTE nou neptAap8hu tnuna UL pup4 nadta. Xpqotponou:(tat oe 6Aec; tu; 
ta(Lvop~oetc; 1ou 6taouvoptaro6 entotoltKo6 taxu6poptlou ttv raxu6popti6v Ynqpeot6v. 
At6tOP£c; Ynqpeolec; tqv XPQOLPOTIOL06V enloqc; tc; p(a an6 Tlc; 660 TG(lVOp~OELc; YLG to eyx6pto 
taxu6popelo touc; <o dAlq elvat LC, SAtne napa1611>. 
Bat1ptva ttpol6yta 
Optophot ndhec; anoAa6ouv upoAoyltv nou £lvat xapqAhtpa an6 ta ouv~hc; tox6ona. H 
6tatop6 peta(6 ttv 660 ttp0Aoy(1v tlvat trnt1oq. 
Ot tKnttoetc; naptxovtat ouv~ftc; yta pey6Aouc; 6yKouc; nou taxu6popo6vtat Kat/~ 
e(o t Kovoµqptvec; 6anhec;. H npoofop6 op toµtv1v t&qv6uptv upoAoy ltv 6tv y l vna t A6y1 
e(o uovopouµtnv 6anavh a Ha A6y1 tou nep t noµtvou 11v taxu6popouµh1v av TL u t µh1v -
ouv~&wc; 61av ta avttKelµeva ntpttxouv tvtuna. C'Eva 6AAo napd6ttypa anoteAo6v ta pet1ptva 
tlµOA6yta YLG £KAOYLK6 UALK6.> Auto6 TOU £l6ouc; ta xaµqA6tepa ttµoA6yLa µnopo6v va 
anoKAq4o6v •µet1µtvan ~ nnpottµqotaKd•. 
Mq 6ttutvvoto6otqptvo taxu6popslo 
H µopt~ 6 t a9~µ t ooc; 
6l£UfUVOl06otqµtvo 0£ 
6tafqµtotfJ. 6t6 tou taxu6poµ£lou. To 6ta9qµtoTLK6 uALK6 6tavtµttat µq 
6Aec; Ttc; 6ttu46voetc; tqc; neptoxfJc; nou txet Kafoptotel an6 to 
OCR -OntLK~ Av6yv1oq Xapalt~PIY 
l:UOKEU{J aV{XV£UOr)<; HOU µnopd Va n6ta86~£l n xapanf)pec; KOL (Otr)V nep{HUOr) TOXU6poµtdv 
Aettoupyt,v> va touc; µetafp6~£l oe 6ua6tKo6c; Ki6tK£c; nou OTO ouvtxeta µnopo6v va 
xpqotµonotq&o6v yta autoµatonotqµtvq 6taAoyfJ. 
066<; 6 t aal Saoqc; 
Ucuho H 6ta6poµfJ Kato µHo6oc; µetafopdc; avuutµhn nou htt £ntAq£l µeta(6 660 ye1ypattd 
6tat6p.iv 16n1v. 
AvTLKdµevo nou nepthtt eµnop.:6µna Sdpouc; he; 2 kg. Ouptltat an6 ttc; Taxu6poµLa:tc; 
Ynqp.:oltc; KQl TOY fiTE vc; µtpo~ TOU EnlOTOAlK06 Taxu6popdou (KaUc; anoHA£l µtpoc; Tflc; 
ta(tv6pqoqc; hotn6 AvttKelµeva -SAtnt napandv1>. 
(Atq~q~~~------------------------------------------------------------------------------~lAl~~-~l~ 
Oapox~ 1afolt1~( unqpEola( 
H unoxptn u~/avayuou K~ napox~ unqpto th taxu6po1.1£l ou 010 o6voAo tr}( tn upht la( 6nou 
tox6ti q unoxpt1oq. To6to ouvtn6Jttal np6o8aoq ot ntptouAAoyt(, 1.1to1 ttv onol1v to 
anoouU61.1no 1axu6po1.1£lo 1.1nop£l va ttoUh l 010 1axu6po1J u6 6 l uuo, uU( en (OIJ( Kat 
6tavop~ 0£ K6f£ 6L£6fUVOIJ £Vt6( TQ( £DlKp6t£lO(. Iuvtn6y£t0l tn(OIJ( npoottt( Ttpt( Kil KaA~ 
not6tq1a napexoptv1v unqptotAv. 
Dap6 to Y£JOV6( 6tl 6AAt( Atttoupylt( pnopo6v va naptxouv unqpeolt( oto o6voAo TIJ( 
entKp6teta(, o 6po( •napox~ KafoAtl~( unqpeola(•, oto Dp6otvo Bt8Alo, ava9tpetat p6vo ott( 
Atttoupyl£( autt( oL onolt( nptnet va naptxovtat oe 1af0At1e~ 86oq 1c: cavovtottr~ unoxpt1oq. 
·ndht( tlvat hopa, ta onola <na n.Aalou tou Dp6otvou BtB.Alou> taxu6popo6v avuulpeva 
JLG Aoyaptaop6 touc:· o ouvoAtr6c: 6yroc: nou taxu6poptl tvac: ratavaA1t~( elvat ouv~ft( 
ptrp6(. Ot ne.A6t£( neptAap86vouv t6oo tou( ratava.A1ttc: 600 cat TOU( opJavtopo6( nou 
taxu6popo6v JLG Aoyaptaop6 tOU(" ot anatt~O£lC: taxu6p6pqoq( 11v 1eAeu1al1v cupalvovtaL an6 
IJlKP6 h( noA6 peyUo 6yro. q U~q XP~Ot£( uA6nttt t6oo TOU( ndh£( nou taxu6popo6v yLa 
Aoyaptaop6 tOU( 600 Ka l tpltou( topt l( uµet6Unoqc: nou 6pouv yLa Aoyapuop6 ndath" 
auto( ot tpltot 6pouv •c: •peo6~ovtt(• peta~6 ne.AatAv Kat Tou topta £KP£TdAAtuoq( <nou ouxv6 
tlvat q Taxu6poptK~ Ynqpeola> nou 6tavt1Jtl To 1axu6poptlo. 
hptouUoy~ 
To uxu6pope lo pnop£ l va ntp tou.AUyna l an6 tpu c: 6 tatopn l Kt( Katqyop l £( t6nn : an6 TLC: 
qKataot6oeu: tou ntAhq <~ Tpltou nou epyd~etal yLa Aoyaptao1.16 tou>, an6 taxu6poptK6 
1eatd0Tqpa ~ an6 6ru.160 lo ypa!Jpau u Sh lo. H nep l ouHoy~ an6 To ttAtuta lo ica.Ae (ta l ouxvd 
nnap66ta ntptouAAoy~•. 
Root peot6n 
Ey1n601aoq nou tnl tphtl 0£ hav ndhq TIJ p6fptoq 061.1t1va 11£ tqv onola avuu(pna 
anntuv61.1na oe au16v 11nopo6v va napupaTohTat ot ha opt~611evo an6 auT6v taxu6p01JllC6 
Katdotqpa. O ne.A61qc: napaAap86vtt TO Taxu6po11elo Tou aneufela( an6 To oploptvo taxu6popt1e6 
Katdotl)l.IO. 
Dpoetotpaola 1a1u6popelou 
Rp6KtlTal yta TIJ 6pao1qpt6tq1a nou avaAa1.184vtTal an6 TPlTo topta tKIJttdAAtuoqc: nou 
A£ttoupy£( 1c: ev6t61.1eooc: µ£ta~6 Tou apXlK06 nt.Adtq nou 6q1.1to6pyqo£ to Taxu6po1.1elo Kal ti)( 
Taxu6poptK~C: Ynqpeolac:. 0( tK 1061ou Ol unqpeolec: npottolpaolac: Taxu6poptlou AttToupyo6v I.It 
ou11t1vla TIJC: Taxu6po1JlK~C: Ynqpeolac:, pt tqv onola ouv~ft( 6tatnpo0v Enat~. 
H 0111.1avttK6TtPIJ 6paotr)pt6Tqta npottotµao{a( 1axu6poµtlou elval 1J 6laAoy~ taxu6po11elou nplv 
an6 tqv 1axu6p6µqori <npo6ta.Aoy~>. Mnoptl enlonc: va neptAaµBhEl tr) 6to:nepa(tton KataA6yn 
ouv6po1.1n1'v KOl tr) ouo1euaola ot tart.Aouc:. Opto1.1tvec ~ 6.Atc autt( ot 6paOTIJPl6tnttC: 11nopo6v 
entoq( va avaAn•fo6v an6 unqpeolt( ouyrtvtpttoqc: rat npoEtOllJaolac 1axu6po1.1elou <8.Atne 
napandve >. 
~~~i~q_l1! ____________________________________________ ~ ________________________________ [!!~~i~l~ 
Opootnll~ 6lavop~ 
H 6 u1vopn £trJIJ£P l 6n u l ntp l06 l dv an6 l 6 ln uco6c: top de: U:IJ£t6.Utuoric: at ouv6po11rittc;. o 
H66trt<: ou1J86.Una t antuh lac: IJE touc: oxn uco6c: tOP£ le; u1.1et4Ueuortc; u t ta uxu6pop l d 
avtlK£l1J£Va 9tpouv tqv nA~pQ 6t£6tuvoq tou ouv6poµqt~. 
•npoo1nonolq1Jtvo• 
H U(q •npoo1nono l ri1.1ho" 11£Pl yphe l nae: ha 11n l u lpno 6t11t~1uoric: 6 t6 tou uxu6pope l_ou 
ev6h£tll l va nep l he t u l11evo nep loo6upo ouvattc: npoc; tov nap11MntQ. 6£6optvou, 1ot600, 
6tt to Ktlpcvo 6ev elvu £( oAoKA~pou t6llllt£po yta tov napaAnntQ <pe tl')V c(alpeoq 1qc: 
6teUuvonc; K«l TIJ<: npoothrio11c:>, to avuuLi.revo 6£v fnptltat ·c~atoi.rtu:ui.rtvo", 6n1c; 
oplo&QK£ napan6v1. 
Rpootattv6pcvq vnqpeola 
DTE 
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ouv~tt( un6Ktttat at 6tafopttlK6 tnlnt6a t(unqpttqaq(. 
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taxu6popo6vtat. Itqv ntpln11oq aut~ ylvttal 6t61ptoq pe1a(6 tnta10A6v Kat 6eA1apl1v attv6c: 
rat n16n1v <ut 11uph nadtn> atntpou. Yn6 tqv ta(u6pqoq 1qc: 1iay16011uc: Taxu6popu~c: 
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unqptola au1~ aneuf6ve1at Kupl1c: 01q 6tat~11taq 6t6 tou 1axu6popelou 1at ouv6te1at auv~ft( 
pt 6lafqpto1t1tc: era1pattlt( nou xpqotµonoto6v tnloqc: Kat 6AAa 11toa. 
T11u6popt1~ napayyel{a 
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1atau106 oqpavttK6 rA66o nap6yov1ac: 8,St tou 1otvott106 AER. 
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1axu6po11tK6 avtlKt(pevo, to onolo otq ouvtxeta ta 6tavepqtel. 
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nap6vopt( at opto11tva rp61q 11tAq. 
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Ttpoloyta1~ t(la1aq -Perequation tarifaire 
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µtpo( tQC 6ta6tKaolac avataxu6p6pqaq( •A-e-e•. 
Yaqpeatt~ auy1tvtp1oq( rat npoetotpaola( taxu6popelou 
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an6 op l 011tvouc fopd c uµndAAeuoqc:. H xp~oq tou 6pou auto6 ouv6hta t auv~h( 11.: tqv 
napay1y~ 6taf~ptaric 6t6 tou taxu6popelou 1at dAA1v evt6n1v. 'Enetta an6 tr) 6qptoupyla Kat 
EKt6n1on tou taxu6poptKo6 uAt106, to6to anoottAAttat otq ouvtxeta atqv unqpeala 
ouyKtvtp1oqc Kat Kat npoetotpaola( yta tqv taxu6p6pqa~ tou. 
ISSN 0254-1483 
COM(91) 476 t£AL~6 
Eff PAtA 
GR 10 
ApL1'. i:ataA6you: CB-C0-92-263-GR-C 
YnnpEoCa ExLonut.>Y EE86oc~v Ua>V !upcM1ai~v Kotvoini~v 
L-2985 Luxembourg ISBN 92· 77-45006-1