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rnu rrA.moLou autou. 
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EXEL aQX.El:O XQ6vo va JtQOOaQµoo8eL 
Il QOOXA 1]61] tJ:rtol\oi. 1]; axoJ.i.rov 
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ouµµttoxiJ tou !uµf3ou/...l.ou tf1£ EugwJta"(x.iJ~ 'Evwori£ x.m tou EuQrn:rta"(x.ou Kmvo(iou/...l.ou, n1~ 
0Lx.ovoµLxi)c; xm Ko1,vwv1,x.nc; Em1g0Jti)c; x.m tT)c; EJtLtQOJtiic; twv TIEQHPEQWiJv, twv ALµEvLx<i>v 
UQZWV, A.1,µev1,x.wv x.m vaunA.1,ax.wv cpOQEWV x.m A.oLJtwv evbLacpEg6µEvwv µegwv, x.uHciJc; x.m 
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exayyelµata.Kcbv OQYQVWOEW'V Kat OQYQVWOEW'V 3tO'U EX3tQOOW3tOUv ta KOL 'VW'VLXU ouµcpEQOVta tOU 
KM&>u. Kalouvtat. ax6A.t.a Kat Wt6'\11Et.c; ext 6A.W'V t(l)'V 0EOEW'V Jt()'U hLatU3tWvOVtat att]V 1CUQOU<Ja 
TIQ(tat.Vfl B~A.o. 
24.Ta ox6A.La 1tQEJtEL va WtO<JtaA.ouv Ott]V EugwJta'ixi} ErtLtQO:rti}, to agy6tEQO µEXQL lflV t ri A:rtQLALOU 
1998, att]V ~i}c; bLEU0w<Jt]: European Commission, DGVII 0/4, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels to 
the attention of Mr Aragon Morales (fax: +32 2 2953076 I e-mail: ports-green-paper@dg7.cec.be). 
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t.EIEArore 
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twv 8aA.aoo1.,wv xm xegoui.wv µtowv µnacpoQcic;. It11v Ko1.,vi) TioA.Lnxi) MnacpoQ<Dv, 6Jtwc; Clutit 
OQLl:;Etm Otl] AEuxi) Bi.f\A.o tl]c; EJn lQO:rti)c; tOU 1992, MB11xe eµcpao11 <JtllV avayx11 av(mtui;11c; CVt)c; 
mo LOOQQOJt11µtvou ouo1i)µatoc; µEtacpoQWV µtow tl}c; :rtQocb811011c; A. uocwv q>LALXl>tEQWV Jtgoc; to 
:rtEQL~aA.A.ov, 6:rtwc; oL ouvhuaoµevec; xm oL axtoJtA.o'Cxtc; µEtacpoQtc;. 'Ooov acpoQci ouyxcXQLµeva nc; 
vaunA.Laxec; xm A.LµEvtxec; ~QaOtllQLOtl]tec;, 11 evvoLa autit u:rtootl}Qi.xH11xc :rtegm ttgw on1v 
avaxol.vwot} tl]c; Emtgo:rti)c; OXEtLxa µe tl]V axto:rtA.ota (1995)2 xm Otl}V :rtQ60cpat11 avax0Lvrno11 ~tr 
Htµa "L\Laµogcpwvovtac; to µtA.~ov 111c; EuQw:rta'Cxi)c; vaunA.l.ac;"( 1996)3. Evto1'1otc;, rraga 10 yeyow):; 
6tL oL EUQWJta·cxoi. A.Lµevec; hwxLvouv µEyaA.trtEQO 6yxo EµrtOQEUµcl'twv aJt6 rcote, f1 xA.i.µaxa twv 
EVhOEUQWJta0LXWV 8aAUOOLCJJV µEtacpOQWV bEV aVlaJtOXQLVEtaL ow; JtQOO(')O'X.tEc; E'X.ElVWV JtOU 
BEWQOW nc; 8aJ..aootEc; µetacpoQtc; xataA.A.11A.11 evaA.A.axnxl] A.uo11 oe oxfotl µE tov ouvexcbc; 
avrunuoo6µevo xA.abo twv obtxwv µEtacpogwv. 
5. MEXQL oi)µEQ<l o btaA.oyoc; axenxa µe 111v Eugw:rta'Cxi) JtoA.mxi) µetacpogci>v bev EXEL EITTLao8d 01ov 
A.tµevtx6 xA.000. IxoJ"t6c; 111c; :rtaQouoac; BLf3A.ou dvm ouvEJtwc; va <'>QoµoA.oy118d tvac; btaA.oyoc; oXEtLxa 
µe tov EUQWJta·cx6 A.LµEVL'X.6 xA.a(')o omwc; wotE va evtomoOow ta ~111i)µata exdva :rtou JtQEJtEL va 
avtLµE'tWJtLo0oW OE XOL VOtL'X.O EJtLJtEbo, µE aJtWlEQO ot6xo va UVClJttuxHow' ecp6oov XQELU~EtUL, 
ouvtovtoµtvec; JtOAL nxtc; yta la µeµovwµEva ~t}ti)µata :rtou acpogow touc; A.tµEvEc; 01., oJtoi.ec; va 
I 
2 
3 Iuµlprnvc1 µE t<1 agtHµrinxc'i otmxEi.u mrn 11rrq-\uA.nv t<l xtx'itri µeA.ri. 
"Av<'mtlll;TJ tmv uxtorrA.o·i:x<i>v µt::tmp<.>Q<iw mriv Euvcll1tTJ: JtQoorrnxtc; xm Jtlx>xA:i)m:u;. COM (95)317 n1c; 05.06.95. 
"&L<Iµc>Qq>Ciwovtac; to µfA.A.ov tTJc; EUQcnmx"Cxi)c; v<1unA.l.ac;" -Iuµt~oA.i) otTJV ctvtuyHwwnx<.'ltTJt<l torv vuunA.Lmuirv 
(-\LOµTJXUVLciw, COM(96)84 tTJc; 13.03.96. 
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f\eA.tuiJvow t1JV wt6&><rr) tOlJ xA.cl&ru Kat tam<)xQOVa va avtwtOXQLVovtm ow; OLxovoµa.xtc; xm 
XOLVWVLXEc; ava)'Xfc; tT)c; KoLVOt'l')tac;. Baotxoi. 0t6xot tW'V 3tOALtLXWv autcbv ea 3tQE3tEL va dvm, 
JtQ<btov, '1 a'U!;f)01) tT)c; wt00o01)c; twv /..1.µtvwv xm tcnv /..1.µ.evtx<hv xm vmmA.a.ax<ilV um><~oµcirv µto(l) 
tf)c; tvtcd;f)c; trov A.Lµtvwv <no hLEUQW3ta'tx6 hi.xtuo 3toA.A.wtA.ci>V µtmov µnucpogc1c; xm, hcutcgov. l1 
EX3tA.fJQ<ootl trov moXQecboewv 3tou U3ttxe1. Tl Kow6tT)ta huvuµ.ea. tnc; l:uvBt)xnc; ya.u h1.uoqx1A.1.on 
eA.eU0£gou xaL 0eµL tou avtaywvLOµou <nov /..Lµ.evLx6 x/..a&>. 
2.KOINOTIKOI AIMENEE KAI OIKONOMIA 
2.l.rivuc£~ :rt«Q«'t11Q1Jou~ 
6. OL /..Lµtvec; tf)c; EUQ<.03ta·.:xi)c; 'EvwoT)c; hwxLvow 3t£Qi.3tou 2, 7 ba.c; t6vvouc; EµJtOQEUµatcnv cn1oi.wc; 
( OTOLXELa tOU 1996). E3tL3t/..fov' OL ALµtvec; e1;aocpaA.U;,ouv ~wnxi)c; onµaoi.ac; tcu~nc; µc 
3t£QL<J>EQELaxtc; xci>Qec; xm VTJOL6. xat ouµfi6./../..ouv OtT)V av6.3ttu1;n tou tougwnx.ou x/..abou. O x.Ux.A.oc; 
EQyaoLci>v trov A.Lµtvrov tf)<; EE to 1993, ava eaA.6.001.a 3tEQL<J>EQELU, et.xc we; c;i)c;: 
IlEQLq>EQ!UI Avoumk MA«aaa~ ALruteQLq>eQeL«x<i>; 0 EQLq>EQEL«X<i>; l:woi..o 
Ba).. tLXTt eclA.aooa 47 121 98 266 
BOQELQ ea>..aooa 359 494 355 1209 
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!:YNOAO 812 980 717 2510 
n i vaxa~ 1. ExnµdJµev~ xtlxA.~ e{}yaaufJv rwv A.iµtvwv Tr/~ EE ava Tff{}Uptf>eia m 199 3 {ae 
exar. r6vvou;j4 
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Oto Ilae<lQtf)f.W I. 
7. OL tgtxouoec; t6.ow; aJte/..eu0tgwoT)c; tou EµJtogi.ou xm JtayxooµwJtoi.nonc; tnc;· 01.xovoµi.ac; txouv 
onµavnx6 avttxtuJto one; bte0vet'C_; 0aA.aooa.ec; µetacpoetc; xm tow; A.1.µtvec;, evw Ei.vm Mox.oA.o va 
JtQOfU.ecp0ow OL µaXQOJtQ60eoµec; ouvtrcntc; touc;. El;m ti.ac; twv taoewv autwv. e~aoBtvt.oav 
heaµanxa oL C>eoµoi. µna;u tT)c; f\wµnxavi.ai; xm tou t6Jtou twv ouvteA.wtwv Jtagaywyt)c; x.m 
3tUQUtT)Q£i. tm Ol'}µavnxi) µEtat03tLOT) tWV bQUITTT)QLOti)tWV X.aTU<JX.tut}c; x.m µctaJtOLT)<Jl]c; 3tQO<; 
f.O>QE<; 3tOU 3tClQOUOLa~ouv avtaywva.onx.6 JtAEOVEXtT)µa. 
8. 01. e;e/..L;w; moue; toµ.etc; twv ha.cBvcbv µ.etacpogwv xm twv 1cxvoA.oy1.ti>V n1c; cmxOLvwvi.uc; um']g~o.v 
µ.e tT) OELQ6. touc; xa8og1.crt1.xtc; ya.a tl'} h1.aµ6Qcpwori amcbv twv t6.ocwv. H au;av6µevri XQllOLµoJtoi.non 
EµJtOQEuµmox4koti.wv xm ri evo3toi.riori JtoA.A.a3tA.cbv µtoW'V µ.etacpogcbv tcpcgav mavacrtaon moue; 
EJ.UtoQLXouc; bwxavova.oµouc; Jtou aqx>gow EµJtOQt1'µata 11\jJT)A.i)c; JtQoonBtµevric; a;t.ac; x.m rtagtxouv 
ITTT) ~wµrixavi.a xm <nouc; vauA.wttc; µeyaA. UtEQO tA.cyxo xaL rtEQLO<JOtEQEc; mLA.oytc; <no JtAai.mo tl'}c; 
a/..uoi.bac; "Jtagaywyt}-µ.etmpoga-bLavoµi)". H cpuon axga.f\Wc; twv ayaHcbv U\jJl'}At)c; JtQOcrtLHtµevnc; at;i.ac; 
xa0LO't6. ax6µri mo cmagai.tl'}tl'} tl'}V wtoOOtLX.Otl'}ta t(.l)V µ.etacpoQWv' bLOtL mLf3<lA.AEL f\QUXU XQOVO 
bLaµetax6µt011c; MO tOV tOJtO JtQOEAEUOT)<; we; tOV t6Jto JtQOOQLOµou µ.E OXOJtO tl'}V aU1;T)Ol'} tOU KUxAOU 
egyaoLci>v trov eµJt6QWV xm tl'}V eA.axa.<noJtoi.rion tou x.6crtouc; cmoyQUcpt)c;. · 
9. H tvtaori x.ecpaA.alou t(.l)V o1'yxgovwv vaunA.1.axwv bgaotl'}QLOtt}twv, beboµtvric; tl'}c; avayxnc; 
EJtL tEU1;f)c; OLXOVoµa.wv x./..i.µaxac; xm rtgoocpogac; OUXVOtEQWV xm Utpl'}AOtEQllc; JtOLOtl'}tac; 
lmllQEOLWv' o6i)yrioe OE oriµavnx.i] ouyx.tVtQWOll xecpaAaLOU OtOV U3tO'l!Jl1 x.A.abo. OL µctacpogci.c; 
4 Ot. exnµiJoe1ic; amtc; fktolt;ovtm one; <Jt<1n<rtLxec; tcov HE yL<l to qm:6gw to 1993 xm otn otmxdn yL<l tov Ktm~o q~ynmciw 
tCtlV kt.µEV<t>V 1tOU Urtf{'k1A.ctv t'U X(.l<ttfl µ0 .. fl. 
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611f..uoueyo1'v vtec; ouµµaxtec; xm nmgdec; uA.Lxoi:exvLxi)c; urcoboµi)c;, oL orcoiEc; ouxva ouv<">fovi:m µE 
eugoma·txtc; urc11geoiEc; bLavoµi)c;. EJ;m i:lac; . aui:ou i:ou d;ogHoA.oyLoµou i:wv urcrigwLwv, oL 
µnacpogdc; ea JtQErtEL va JtEQLOQLOOUV toV UQLHµo 'tWV EVbLaµwwv ALµtvcov. H ouyxtvi:grnori 'tOU 
cpogi:lou OE rtEQLOQLOµevo agLeµo ALµevwv Ha µn:ogouoE va xai:aoi:i)on BLwOLµo'tEQll tri XQTtOll µtocov 
µEtacpoeac; µEyaA.ou oyxou EµrtOQEUµatwv 6rcwc; 0 OLb11g6bgoµoc;, aAJ...a Ha µrtOQOUOE crdoric; va 
ob11yi)oEL oE ausrio11 111c; xgito11c; twv obLxwv µnacpogwv xm, we; ex mutou, va tgHEL OE ol'.Jyx.gouori 
µE tf)V JtOAL nxi) µEtatOJtLOllc; tWV EµrtOQEUµanx.wv µnacpogwv cm6 w; obLxec; agtllQLEc; O'tll 
HaA.aooa. 
1 O. EL vm oacptc; 6n 11 rtEQaL tEQW mtEAEuHegwori tou Eµrtogiou ea briµwugyi)on vta x.m cvwxuµtvri goi) 
Eµrtogt.x.cbv ouvaA.A.aywv x.m uu};riµevri tittriori yLa urc11gwl.cc; ~tnmpogci>V. OL :rt<1Qutl1Qllttc; nrn 
xA.abou bEv yvwgitouv ax.6µ11 µe f)Ef)m6111i:a rcowc; el.vm o an:mwuµEvoc; "turcoc;" vumLALac;. 
OQLOµEVOL rcgof)A.Ercouv OUVEXTt au};11011 toU µEye8ouc; 'tWV JtAOLCJJV. AA.Am urcoygaµµttouv on OL 
rcayx6oµt.Ec; e};eA.i.};nc; otov toµta twv ALµEvLxwv U:rtllQEOLwv ( c;cu;nc; rcou x.aHwtouv mo 
EVbt.acptgouoa, arc6 XQllµatoOLxovoµLxi) artO'\!Jll, lllV aµEOll E};U:rtllQEtllOll tWV ALµtvwv JtQOOQLOµou5), 
oL buomx.ovoµi.Ec; x.ALµaxac; otouc; µeyaA. utEgouc; ALµtvEc;, 11 avamu;11 un:oboµwv yLa nc; µnacpogtc; 
one; an:oµax.guoµtvEc; rtEQLcpEQELEc; 111c; Eugwrc11c; x.m µLa µEA.A.ovnx.i) rcoA.L tLxi) nµoA.6y11011c; twv 
obix.wv µEtacpogwv 11 orcoi.a d vm A.L yotEQO Euvo·txi) one; µEtacpogtc; µcyaA.wv arcootaoEwv, µn:ogd 
va (){)11yi)oouv O'tll XQTtOll µLXQOlEQWV JtAOLWV aµeo11c; EsUrtllQE'tllOllc; tWV ALµevwv JtQOOQLOµou. H 
Ecpagµoyi) µtac; tetoLac; rcgax.nx.i)c; ea µn:ogouoE va EsLOoggorci)on 111 goi) 111c; xux.A.ocpogl.ac; x.m 111v 
avamu1;11 i:wv ALµtvwv O'tllV Eugwrcri. 
11. Avel;agti)i:wc; i:ou rcow dvm to meav6tEQO µEA.A.ovnx6 OEVOQLO, tva rcgayµa ELvm ol,yougo. H 
uvtaywvt.onx6i:rita twv Eugwrca'tx.wv Esaywywv 0111v rcayx.6oµLa mxovoµl.a c;agtatm 6A.o xm 
rtEQLOOOtEQO arco 111v arcotEAEOµanx<'>tT)ta xm triv cmobonxotT)tu trnv oum11µ<nrnv µ.nmpoQci>V xm 
ALµEVLX.Wv UrtllQEOLWV. Emn:Atov, hEboµtvric; i:ric; LbLahegric; oriµaol.uc; rcou urto<)(bn r1 'E vwori O'tTJV 
(.(VclrttUsll toU OLEUQWrta'(x.ou bLXtUOU µnacpogwv, µE Otoxo triv EJtLtEUsll µEyUAU'tEQllc; OLX.ovoµLxi)c; 
xm xoLvwvt.xi}c; 0A.ox.A.i)gwo11c;, tll h11µwugyl.a Htoewv cgyaotuc;, 111v mxovoµLxi) nvamu;11 xm 111 
hLagxi) x.w11nx.6111tu, Ei.vm oacptc; on oL ALµtvcc; Ha x.A.11Houv vu <">w<">Quµml,oouv 011µuvnx('> QOAo 
Oto OUOtflµa µnmpOQWv. Tigayµan, l1 avarttUsll toU bLX.tUOU JtOAACtrtACt>V µ£owv µnmpOQtt>V O'tflV 
Eugwfta'tx.i) 'Evwo11 ea rcagouolate oof)aga xeva av bcv ouµn:cgLeA.c'lµBuvc oriµci.a bwouvhrnric; 
6rcwc; ot. ALµEvEc;. 
12. ft.a wuc; avwtegw A.Oyouc;, 11 Emtgorci) eEwgd an:agat1111:0 va n:gowHi)oEL tov ALµevLx.6 xA.a<">o µtow 
µLac; OELQ<lc; µEtgwv x.m bgaocwv µE 016xo 111 f)EA. t(wori 111c; yEvLxi)c; tou arc6boo11c;. OL bgaonc; aun~c; 
ea txouv we; otoxo x.ugtwc; 111 f)EA 1i.wo11 111c; arcotEAEoµanx.61111ac; tou A.LµEvLxou xA.abou, t11v 
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UJtllQEOLWv xm urcoboµwv outwc; WOtE OL ALµEvEc; va cp8aoouv OE tva Ut!JflAO EJtLrtEbo JtOLO'tfltac; OE 
oA.11 111v KOL v61111a A.aµ()avovtac; urc6'\!J11 nc; ucpLotaµEvec; (')Lacpogtc; µEtasu twv :rtEQL<pegnwv. 
2.2.0 pna~llopEvo~ QOlo~ 'trov l1.p£vrov <JE £va avf;avopEva av'tayrovianxo 3tEQt(Jnllov 
13. ~triv Eugwrc11, 6rcwc; x.m OE JtOAAa aA.A.a µEQll toU rcA.avi)tri, OL EHVLxtc; xuf)egvi)onc; eEWQOUV ouxva 
touc; ALµEvEc; we; rt6Aouc; mxovoµLxi)c; avamusric; xm we; µfoa d)vLxi)c; x.m rtEQLC{JEQELaxi)c; 
5 
6 av<lrttu1;11c;6, x.m touc; exouv ouxvu XQllOLµortOLi)OEL we; OQY<1V<1 JtEQL(f)EQELaxou OXE<">Laoµou. rw 
rcagabELyµa, n:oAJ...(.t x.g(n11 µeA.11 rcguyµatortoLOUV, Oto JtAULOLO JtEQLC{JEQELaxci>V JtOALtLX.(l)V, 
mEvbuow; oe A.tµevEc; x.m A.LµEvLxtc; urcoboµtc;, µc oxorc6 vu JtQowHi)oouv 111v EHvLxi) avarctu;ri. OL 
011µavnx6tEQOL eugrnrca'(x.ol, ALµtvcc; txouv µe to rctgaoµa tou xeovou µEtatgaml, oc x.tvtga 
eµn:ogLxwv µetacpogwv xm UrtllQEOLWV yLa bLcHvdc; xm ouvbuaoµtvEc; µEtacpogtc; rcgoocpegovtac; 6A.o 
x.m rtEQLOOO'tEQEc; UJtllQEOLE<; EµrtogeuµatoxLf)WtLWV x.m rcogHµELWV ro-ro. fLa nc; bgafftllQLO'tlltEc; 
autou tOU tUJtOU, OL UrtllQEOLE<; XELQLOµou cpOQtLWV txouv JtAEOV tUJtOJtOLl18EL x.m Esog8oA.oywHd OE 
µeyaA.o f3a8µ6 rcagouOLatovtac; ouvmwc; A.L y6tEQll evtao11 EQyaol.ac;. Evtoutmc;, oL A.Lµ£vEc; amol, 
EsaxoA.oueow va briµwugyow bgaotllQLOtlltEc; rcgoon8eµEv11c; a;tac; bEboµevou 6n anotEA.ouv 
Aµw11 El;urtl')QE'tl')<Jl') toU A.1,µevn 1t(>OOQWµou A.nµfkiVEL xc1J(Xl (rmv EV<l OX.<lCpoc; 1tTJ'Y<lLVEL <l1tEU8dnc; fftOV tEALX.l) ALflCV<l 
1tlX)OQL<Jµou Tou q>OQtl.ou uVTI. vn 1tl>OOll'YLtn cvc1v (µEyc'1A.o) x.oµB1.x.<l A.1.µevu crn:c'l tov oJtoto to <IJOQtLo !tEtn<IJOQT<iwEtm oi: 
µLX.lJO'tE(lO <JX.<l<poc; blX>JA.OAO"/T]µEVO CH: 'tlX><jJO~rtLX.ft "/(><1µ1.t.ft. 
XUl){lX.'tl')(>LOnxc'1 rtUQn6Elyµm<1tTJc;1tQO<Jl"YYWTJc; nmr)c; EVToJtltoVTm one; negwxcc; NumLA.Lnx.r)c; Avc'mtu~TJc; (MIDI\) tou 
P6TEQVTaµ, Tl')<; A~E{?mxc;, tl')c; X<'.t.BQTJ<;, n1c; MuonA.Lnc; x.m tTJc; rtvofk1c;. 
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1CAEoV xevtea bLaXLVT)Ol)<;, EsU1Cl)QEtl)Ol)<;, btavoµnc; xm UALXOtEXVLxnc; urcoboµnc; yLa 6A.a ta µtaa 
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µeta<poQWv. 
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xeeoai.wv µeta<poQWV oe oA.TJ tl)v Euewrcl) ohnYTJOuv oe Ol)µuvnxl) uui;rioll tou avtnywvwµou 
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cpogti.wv. H e;acpavLOTJ twv cpmvoµtvwv "btaµ1.ac;" evboxweac; oe cHv1.xl) xA.i.µaxa oriµai.vEL on m 
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XQTJµatoMtTJOTJ evoc; ouyxEXQLµtvou A.1.µtva µJtOQEL va txouv ouvtJtw.~c; xuHoe1.onxl)c; oriµcwi.ac; y1.a 
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AT)cpHEi. un:o'\(JT) 6n OL A.tµtvec; an:otEA.ouv tµl)µa tou ouvoA.txou ouotl)µmoc; µnacpoQtiJv xm on 
µrcoeti. va St yow oo()aea aJto nc; n:oA.t nxtc; mevMocwv xm nµoMyrioric; Jtou eqiaeµt'>~ovtm oe 
aA.A.a µtoa µetacpoQcbv. fLa to A.Oyo auto, ri vta n:eootyytori tou A.tµcvtxou xA.c1c)ou 1tQEJtct mi.oric; va 
E};ttaa0Ei. OE OXEalJ µe to EUQUtEQO 1CAQLOLO tWV ouvhuaoµtvwv µttmpoewv. 
3.01 AIMENEI: THI: EE KAI H KOINH UOAITIKH METAfllOPQN 
3.1.rEv1.xe~ ft«Q«ii11e1Jar~ 
15. n CLQ{L to YfYOVOC,, OtL OL ALµtvec; <~EV ntav µEXQL ol)µEQU Oto EJtLXEV'tQO tl)c; avamui;T)c; n1c; XOl vl)c; 
1tOALtLXnC,, µtta<poQWv, l) OUµJtEQLAtf\l'tl touc; OE tvav Ol)µavnxo OQtHµo XOLVOtLXCOV 1tOAtnxci>v 
avtavaxA.a tl) ol)µaoi.a touc; yta to ouotT)µa µttacpoewv. !to n:agov xEcpaA.mo ouvO'\jJL~ovtm m 
JtaA.motEQEc; xm ot tgtxouoEc; tsEA.i.sELc; Jtou yvci>QLOE o Ev A.oyw xA.ahoc;. !ta moµeva xcqiC:tA.mu 
Estta~ovtm A.mtoµEQfoteea Mo toµdc; lhtai. tEQflc; ol)µaoLm; yta 1ri µeAA.ovnxl) d;tA.ti;ri 1ric; xm vr)c; 
n:oA.Lnxl)c; µetacpoecbv: TJ XQTJµatobotl)OTJ xm lJ xetwol) twv A.tµev1.xwv un:oboµcbv xm un:riewtwv. 
3.2.0 eo1o~ 't(J)V 11.JltV(J)V a'to 61.rve(J)"a·ixo bi.x'tvo J1n«q>oerov 
16. Ta aeeea 129 B xm r tric; }:uvfll)xric; yta lflV Eugwn:a't:xl) 'Evwori ()ttn:ouv lflV ava1tttl/;fl toU 
(')LEUQW1ta't:xou bLxtuou µttacpogwv (TEN-T). Iuµcpwva µe ta agHga auta fl EE ocpdA.n va 
n:Qow0t1oEL tl) btao1'vbwri xm tT) h1.aA.ntouey1.xotT)ta twv EHvt.xwv c)Lxtuwv xaHwc; xm tT)V 
n:eoofkt01) ota bi.X"rua auta, A.aµfk'tvovtac; un:o'\(Jri tl)V avayxl) o\Jv(')wT)c; twv Vl)<Jtwnxti>v, trnv 
µEOOyELWV xm tWV 1tEQl<f'EQl:'.lUXWV JtEQLOXWv tl)c; 'EvwoT)c; µe nc; XEVlQlXOtEQEc; JtEQWXEc; tric;. 
Itoxoc; Ei.vm va emtQaJtd otouc; rroA.i.tcc; tric; 'EvwoT)c;, otouc; mxovoµtxouc; cpoQdc; xm moue; 
oeyavwµouc; tomxl)c; autohtoi.xT)oT)c; xm JtEQt<pEQEt.axl)c; hwi.xlloric; vu emoqit:A.T)Houv rcA.l)ecoc; nJtt) tu 
n:A.eovextl)µma tl)c; wwtEQtxr)c; ayogac;. EL vm oaqitc; on l1 ()wauv<)EOfl, 11 htnA.n toueytxt'nT)rn xm 
yev1.xa TJ f3eA.n0ton:oi.T)OTJ tou <'>1.euewn:a·i:xou ht.Ktuou µEtacpoewv dvm <'>uvatov va mnrnxHo1rv 
µ6vo av OtlJV "et;LowOl)" ouµrceetA.T)cpHo\Jv xm ot A.tµtvEc; we; ~wnxo OtOLXELo Evoc; oA.oxA.nern~ttvou 
EUQWrta'txou bLXtUOU µeta<pOQWV. 
I 7. ~E yevtxtc; ygaµµtc;, ri ouµmQLATJ'\IJl'I twv A.tµtvwv Otl) OtQUtT)ytxl) yta to 6teugwrra't:x6 bi.xrno 
µetacpoQci>v txet touc; est1c; 016xouc;: 
• f3EA.tl<oo'r) tt)c; arcotEA.eoµanxotl)tac; tou euewn:u·i:xou ouotl)µatoc; µttmpogciJv· 
• n:eoci>0tJoTJ tl)C,, avan:tUsTJc; twv cvboxowonxwv eµrcogLxcbv ouvaA.A.aywv xm twv ouvaAA.uycov tT)c; 
Kotv6tl)tac; µe nc; tQLtEc; xwecc;, xm tbi.wc; µe nc; JtATJOLEotEQEc; yd tovcc; XWQEc; (EZE~. Kcvtgtxr) 
xm AvatoA.1.xl) EUQWJtT), Mrn6yetoc; xm BOQEtoc; A<pQLXl))-
• arcoouµcpOQTJOT) twv XUQLWV XEQOaLwv btabQ6µwv xm EAO)(LOtOJtOLT)Ofl tou Ei;WtEQlXOU x.ootouc; 
twv eugwn:a·i:xmv µttacpoewv µtow tTJc; av<l.rrtusllc; tT)c; axtorrA.o'tac;· 
• f3eA. ti.WOT) tl)c; JtQ6o(3aol)c; OE JtEQL<J>EQELaxtc; JtEQtoxtc; xm rreowHTJOll 111c; otxovoµtxi1c; xm 
xmvwv1.xi)c; ouvoxi)c; 010 rnwtEQtx.6 tT)c; Kmv61111ac; µtow 111c; evi.oxuoT)c; twv ev()oxmvonxwv 
0aA.aootwv ~eusewv, bi.vovtac; tbtaLtcen tµcpaoT) one; vl)otwnxtc; xm JtEQL<J>EQELaxtc; JtEQwxtc;. 
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18. Inc; xatEufhwtf)gtec; ygaµµec;7 yta triv avamu;ri tou TEN-T, one; oJtoi.ec; JtQoo(')wQi.~<.wtm m 
1CQOtEQaL6trttEc; tric; JtoA.L nxi)c; tric; EE yta nc; uJto{')oµec; twv µnacpoQcbv, ()Ev JtEQLA.aµBavnm 
xaen1c; tWV A.tµEvwv. EvtOUtOLc;, EJtELta aJto oxEnxo ai.n1µa JtOU {')t,EtUJtWOE to KotvoBouA.w xata 
to XQOVO exbooric; tWV xateu0uvti)QLWV ygaµµwv' to tµf)µa JtOU acpoga touc; A.tµEvEc; tQOJtOJtOLEi tm 
E1Ci tou 1Cag6vtoc; cbotE va ouµn:EQLA.6.f3n evav xO.Qtll twv A.t.µevwv xm avaeewgriµeva XQL ti]gt.a 
n:goobt.ogt.oµou twv egywv xot.vou evbt.acpegovtrn;. H ouµn:egiA.ri'l!Jri twv 8aA.6.oat.wv A.t.µtvwv we; 
oriµavnxwv oriµEiwv {')t.aouvbearic; euttuygaµµi.tetm µE triv evvma tou <">Lxtuou JtoA.A.aJtA.cov µtawv 
µEtacpogac;. ft.a toV JtQOObLOQLOµo tWV A.t.µtvwv JtOU ea OUµJtEQLAflcpflouv OtoV XUQtfl, 
XQflOLµ01COLOUVtm avnxELµEVLXU XQLttlQLa Qj[(l)c; 1C.x. agt.Sµrinxa Ototxei.a yLa toV x.Ux.A.o egyaOLWV 
a1C6 touc; vauA.ouc;. Em1CA.Eov, JtQEJtEL va oriµnw8Ei 6n tvac; aJto touc; ot6xouc; tric; n:ohnxi]c; 
µEtacpogci>v tric; EE Eivm ri JtQowHriori twv axton:A.o't:xwv µnacpoQWV xm on to HaA.aoow tµi]µa tou 
bLXtUOU ouxva E;aocpaA.itEL oriµavnxtc; tEu;nc; µE JtEQLq>EQELaxtc; xm VrtOLWtLXEc; JtEQLoxtc;. LtOV EV 
A.oyw xagtri ea 1CQEJtEL ouveml>c; vu ouµn:egt.A.ricpHouv A.t.µtvEc; OE <.'>A.a tu tµi]µata nc; 'Evrnortc; t'>Jtou 
eivm huvat6v va bt.E;axHouv EQYU n:ou cmtQtn:ouv triv e;aA.rn~rt trnv uvuotaA.nxciw rcuvuyt'wtrnv, 
/...aµfk'.tvovtac; taUtOXQOVU UJtO'l!Jrt on rt OUµJtEQLAfl1Vl1 Evoc; UJtEQBOALX<t ~ttyc't/...uu <lQLfl~tou /...t.µ£vrnv 
µJtOQEi va triµLWOEL nc; UXto1CA.o"Cxtc; µnucpogtc; OL OJtOiEc; an:m touv ouyxtVtQWOrt <JlO{!tLOU YLU vu 
eivm Eq>Lxttc;. fta to A.oyo auto, Ha JtQE1CEL mioric; oto µt/...J. .. ov vu d;nuoHd. to EVc)EXt>µevo 
xuHogwµou ouµn:/...rigwµanxwv avnxELµevt.xwv XQLtrtQi.wv yw tov Evton:wµt'> trnv /...t.µtvrnv mrn Hu 
µn:ogouoav vu 1CQOW0i]oouv trtv evowµatwori twv A.t.µtvwv otriv u/...uo(,<)a JtoA.A.aJtA.<i>V µtornv 
µetacpoeac;. 
19. ft.a va Evowµatw8ouv ot. A.t.µevEc; oto oi.xtuo n:o/.../...an:/...wv µfowv µnacpogac;, el. vm an:aQai. n1to va 
ho0Ei. 1CQOtEQaL6trita, acpEv6c;, Ota tgya XOL vou EVbLacptgovtoc; JtOU xaA. UJttOUV ta XEVU Otfl ouvbwri 
twv A.tµtvwv µE ta µri 8aA.6.oot.a µtoa µEtacpogac;, xm t.bi.wc; µe t0uc; at.brtgobgoµouc; xm nc; 
EOWtEQLXEc; 1CAWtEc; obouc; xm, acpEtEQOU, OtflV Ecpagµoyi] tgywv rtAEXtQOVLxi]c; avtaA./...ayi]c; 
hehoµEvwv (EDI). H XQllµutob6trtOll twv EQYWV autcbv E;natnm ot0 KecpuA.mo IV tou JtaQ6vt0c; 
eyygacpou. 
At6opiv~ t.6i.(l)t; 'tt)t; avt1yx11; ~ttot:p{tlto11; tti>;emv µ£ n; :rtEQUfJEQEtmci; :rtEQtox£; xm 
:n:eo(i>&qotg 't<OV «X'tO:rtlo"ix<iw µ£'tCUf()Q<iw Xat f'VO'\lJ£t 'tflt; 6ttJUOVQYLttt; 'tOV 6tX'ti>oV :n:oJ.).a:n:)..<Jw 
pea6W f1£"ttq>0Qlt~ 11 E:n:t'tQO"ti ~elvu oxo:ri1.µ11 't1JV n:l.tie11 evoroµa'troo11 't(l)V )..iµivrov a'to TEN-T. 
Tu"'°Xeov« JU 't1JV naeovaa IlQ4la&v11 BlPl.o vn:opid.l.£'tat :rtQO't«O''l avm1:eoaavµoytj; 'tmv 
..,.,Melpa'GW tc«'tt1J8vv'ttjQt<OV Ye«PJl<i>v y1u 'i1)V UVU:rt't1'i'l tov TEN-T :n:uo; 't1)V xunv8vvo11 av'ttj. 
3.3.At«CJVvbECJt) fl.£ 'YEl'tOVE; 'tQt'tE; XffiQE; 
20. H IuvHi)xri xm ot. xatEuHuvti]QLE<; ygaµµtc; yt.a to TEN-T emtQEJtouv trt O'UVEQY<Wi.u µt:: ydtovr~ 
XWQEc; 1CQOXELµtvou va n:gow0ri0ow EQYa xotvou evbt.acptQovtoc; xm va d;ampaA.wfld 11 
hwA.ettougyt.x6trita twv bt.xtuwv OE JtavEugwn:a·i:xo mi.moo. 'Evac; cm6 t0uc; otoxouc; d.vm rt 
<">t.aowbwri tou TEN-T µe bi.xtua Extoc; tric; 'Evworic;, xm t.bi.wc; µe ta bi.xtua twv Xwgwv tric; 
Kevtgt.xi]c; xm Avato/...txi]c; Eugwn:ric; xm tric; JtEQLOXiJc; tric; Mrnoyel,ou. LtO n:A.ai.aw tric; emxei.µevrtc; 
ht.Euguvoric; tric; EE, o otoxoc; autoc; an:oxta axoµri µeyaA.utEQll ortµaal,a JtQOXELµtvou va mt.trnxAEi. 
JtA.i)gric; evowµatwori twv XWQWv 1COU ea 1CQooxwgi]oouv. ft.a va c')t.euxoA.uvttei. ri Evowµatwort auti] 
xm va 1CQOEtotµao8Ei. to thacpoc; yta triv n:gooxweriori vtwv xwgwv, rt EJn tgon:i] bgoµo/...oyrioe µt.a 
bt.abtxaoi.a a;LOA.Oyrioric; twv avayxwv OE uJtoboµtc; µnacpogwv (Transport Infrastructure Needs 
7 Assessment -TINA)s. 0 A.t.µEvt.xoc; xm vautt.A.t.ax6c; xA.6.boc; EXEL twnxi] oriµaoi.a yt.a triv mxovoµi.a 
ogtoµEvwv rut6 nc; xwgEc; 1Cou avaµevetm va Jtgooxwgi]oouv xata tov n:gwto yugo xm ea 
XQELaCJ0et va 1Cgayµaton:ot.ri8ouv oriµavtt.xtc; mevMoEt.c; one; UJtflQEOi.ec; xm uJtoboµtc; twv 
Am'l<JXUJT) <1QL0. J 692/96/EK mu Euvrnm1·i:xou KmvoJ-XmA.1,ou xm mu ~uµJ-XrnA.i,ou n1c; 23nc; 1011/...i.ou 1996 JtE(!L tcnv 
XOLVOtLXCtJV 1tlX)(JClV<ltoALIJJi<llV '/LU ll'JV uv(mtu;11 toU hL£1>(!Ctl1t<t'LXOll <'iLKtfl<H! µHW(JOl_)Ctl'V. 
H hulhLxcml<1 TINA hlx•110A.oyiJ011xt f.lE tTJV xmvi) owE<'il,>LCUJTJ t011 ~u11f"\ouU011 Ymmvyci•v Mnmpol_lciJV xm trnv \1ITtn10yci•v 
wrv ~t'X(l x<l)QCiJV tl'J<; Kt:vt(.lLXtl<; xm AvutoA.txiJ<; EuQcimTJ<; rrou EVhLmpE{_>ovtm vu Jtl_looxrnviJoouv. H <'>tm'ILXWJi.n. mm'!. 11 
orroi.u unootT)QL~Etm µe m'llxrnc; tou rroA.ue8vLxou JtQOYQ<'iµµmoc; µetuq>O(!<t)V PHARE EXEL ml'•xo tov rrvrn1hwgwµ<'> ew'>c; 
µeA.> .. ovtLXOU TEN-T Otl'J ~LEUQUf!EVTJ 'Evo><JTJ. Buol,~e'tm one; xmEu8WTriQLEc; YQUf!f!ec; yw to TEN-T xm rrq~tA.nµj\<ivEL M .. n 
tu µroc1 µemq>olxirv. · 
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µ£taq><>Q<bv (O'UµJtEQt.Aaµf\avoµtvwv twv A.a.µtvwv) 3tQt.V M6, aA.A.a xm µeta, triv 3tQOOXWQT}OT} cbotE 
va e3tt.teux9d ouyxA.f,vouoa avruttusri µe to U3t6AOt.3tO tric; Kot.v6trttm;. 
2]. L\eboµEvwv tWV EUXaLQLWV xm JtQWtof.k>uA.Lcbv ausl}OT}<; tWV EµrtOQLXWV ouvaA.A.aycbv µnal;u nic; EE 
xm twv yea. t6vwv tQL twv xwQcbv, ea i)tav ox6mµo va JtQowfrrl0el. otouc; ALµf.w:c; twv xwQcbv autcbv, 
xm tblwc; 0touc; A.Lµtvec; Jtou ouµf\OA.A.ow OE oT}µavtLxi) QOfJ EµJtOQLXwv ouvaAA.aycbv µe tl}v EE, Tl 
EcpaQµoy{) JtQOtUJtWV <J'UYXQLOLµWV µ£ EXELVa JtOU EcpclQ~Ovtm Otl}V 'Evwol}. Aut6 owrnayEtm, EV 
yf.vEL, owtxa.ori tl}c; bLa(°)Lxaolac; cmoxataotaol}c; xm exouyxQovLoµou, ecpaQµoyi) Bamxcbv 
JtQotuJtwv JtQOOtaol.ac; tric; aocpaAELac; xm tou JtEQL~aA.A.ovtoc; xm, 6tav XQELU~Etm, BEA tl.wo11 twv 
OUOtT}µatwv aocpaAELac;, JtaQaXOAOU8rtoT}c; xm xataXWQLOll<; tWV cpogtl.wv. OL XOLVOtLXOL JtOQOL JtOU 
bLatl0evtat. Ota JtAaLOLa t(l)V JtQOYQaµµatwv PHARE xm TACIS (one; JtEQLqJEQELE<; tllc; BaA.tLxi)c; 
06A.aooac;, tric; A(')QLanxi)c; xm tl}c; Ma1'QT}c; 0aA.aooac;) xaL tou JtQOYQ<lµµatoc; MEDA9 (A.Exavri tric; 
Meooyelou) ea µrcogouoav Va ouµf3aA.ouv Otf)V EJtLtEUl;rt twv Otoxwv autcbv. MLJtAEoV, {:xouv 
ouota0el oµa(')ec; EQyaoLac; ya.a nc; JtA.wtec; µetacpogec; µe otoxo triv evegyo Jtgocl>H11or1 n1c; 
oweQyaof,ac; µtow tou JtgoobLOQLoµou EQywv xoLvou evhLacptgovtoc;. 
H fUA~1.X1f 6L£VQW011 'tl5 EE xa8&MU £V't0\'MEQ1J 't11V uvayxq mix't«Otl; 'tOV TEN-T O'tt~ 
yd"°"" x<&ae;.·u ~1:cecmf1 k ovvixloe1. vu oweQYcl~'tm. pi ole~ 'tt~ yd'tove~ 't@ln~ xroe£~ o'ta 
1'1.aia&« 'COW CJXf'tLXmv fora JU OXmW 'tOV :liQ006tOQl.OpO fQ'YO>V XOl.VOV £V6taq>iQOV'tO~ Xat 't1JV (lOO 
io 6wcntW ci1Co6o·nxo'ttQfl ~1.mtoi110t1 itO>V 61.a8£01.p(l)V 1'0Q(l)V. 
3.4.0t bp.ivE~ m~ 01)p.Ei« p.E'tvtLl'il'aa11gp.uaq>OQ'troa~ O't1)V a.A.val.bu 'trov avvbvaaptvrov 
p.naq>0Q(iw 
22. OL owbuaoµtvec; µetacpogf.c; aJtoteA.ouv Bamxo otoLxElo tric; xOLvi)c; JtOALnxi)c; µetacpoQcbv tric; 
EuQwJta·.:xi)c; 'Evworic; uJtEQ n1c; bLaQxouc; xLvrinx6trttac;. Itoxoc; tllc; JtoA.Lnxi}c; auti}c; dvm va 
avaJttUX0el tva JtAatOLO yLa tr) ~EAtLOtrt EVOJtOLflOfl Xat. asLOJtOLf)Ofl twv bLacpOQWV µfowv 
µetacpoQ<lc; xm trtc; bwaµLx6tritac; touc;, omwc; cbote va xataoteL (')uvmi} ll cmoteA.rnµanxi) 
XQllOt.µon:olriori tou ou0ti)µatoc; µetacpoQ<i>v µtow owexcbv U3tflQEOLWv "aJt6 3tOQta oe :rtogta" n:ou 
f.xouv we; yvcbµova touc; n;eA.atec; xm ewoouv tllV xm votoµl.a xm tov avtaywvLoµo µetal;u twv 
µEtacpoQEWV .1 o 
23. Inc; ou_v(')uaoµEvec; µetacpoQf.c; oL A.LµEvec; aJtoteA.ouv ~wtLxa oriµda bLaouvbrnric; rn oJtol.n 
mngf.n:ow tl} µetacp6Qtwori EµJCOQEuµatwv xm tr) µetE1tLBi.f3aori mLf\atcbv a:rt6 rn HaA.aooia otn 
xegoaf,a µf.oa µetacpogac; xm avnotQ6cpwc;. H BeA. tlwori tric; cmoTEAEoµanx6trimc; Twv ALµf.vwv 
ouµB<lAA.Et ouvmwc; O'tflV evornµatwori twv ba.acp6Qwv µfowv µetacpoQac; OE tva evLal.o oumri~w. 
emtgcrcovtnc; trtv xu/..ulTQll ul;LoJtoi.11011 trnv mh11vohl>0µLx<i>v11, t(l}V rnrntt'VLX<llv rrf.wnilv xm 1wv 
HuJ..c'.tooLwv µEtU<fJOl_><iJV, h11J..aoi} trnv µfornv cxdvwv mm o.m'l µ<'wu touc; <)rv r~cwq1nAi.~ul'v m1vrn 
Jtal_)ahoo11 xm hLUvoµi) UJto :rtol?tn oc m'>Qtct omoc; ouµ("ktl.vEL µc nc; o<'>Lxtc; µnmpol?i:c;. 
24. Ml.a cm6 tt.c; f3aoLxtc; a:rtm ti)oELc; Twv owbuaoµEvwv µetacpogwv, xm tvm; aJt6 touc; JtQWtal?xLxouc; 
otoxouc; 'tll<; avarcTusric; tOU TEN-T, dvm ll UALXfJ bLaouv(')rn11 tWV bwcpOQWV µEOWV µnacpoQac;, yLa 
JtaQ<l6et yµa µtow tllc; BeA. nwµtvric; bLaowbeo11c; tric; evboxwQac; xm twv ALµf.vwv. H em rnxl.a twv 
ouvbuaoµEvwv µetacpOQWV esaQ'tOtm WCJ'tOOO xm cm6 µLa OELQU E/;LCJOU Of)µavtLXWV Jtagay6vtwv 
OL OJtOLOt. ea JtQEJtEL Oto µtA.A.ov va 3tQOObLOQLo0ow xm va OWEXtLµf)00Uv. f La n;agabEL yµa, Tl 
XQfJOfl 3tEQLCJCJ6tEQWV tou evoc; µnacpoQLxcbv µEowv ouven;ayEtm JtQ6o0eto x6otoc; µeten;Lf_)(­
f3aorigµetacp6Qtworic; xm mo JtEQLJtA.oxec; bLoLxrinxtc; bLaba.xao(ec; xm EVEXEL tov xL vbwo µElworic; 
tric; asLOJtLOttac; tWV µtowv µetacpOQac;. H XQfJOf) tWV °"YXQOVWV OUO't'tlµOTWV JtAllQOqJOQllOll<; EXEL 
~wnxi) oriµaola oTov toµfo aut6. Iuoti)µata amou tou el.bouc; XQflOLµoJtoLouvtm t1f>11 otouc; 
9 H XQflµ<ItOOO'tflffil tou MEDA l)wxi::ti::unm oi:: EQYU om mtotu ouµµetExouv Mo ii 1tEQLOo6tq~i:c; xcilQt:c; n1c; i:xc\moti: 
1tEQL<J>EQELm;. 
IO "AL<ttl>omx6'tflt<l xm hL<xtlXlmxtc;; EµrtOQEUµ<1nxtc;; µnmpoQf.c;; otriv EuQc1mcx'LXtl 'Ev(l)<JTJ -Mw. <Tumri1uxi) TI:Qootyywri tow 
t:µJtOQEUµ<mxciw µEt<l<pOQ<iN", Avcxxot.vrnori tric; Emtl>OJtt1c; COM(97)243 teA.Lx<l. Reu;O.A.i::c;;, 29.05.97. 
I 1 H E1tLtQo1tTi 1moot11Qll;.t:L triv Hvc'mtu;ri i::v<'>c;; Tttoum <JU<Jtftµ<ttoc; <Jto JtMtLOLO wu 4<m :ltl><>Yll<°xftftutoc;; :1tA.uwi,011 ETA yu1 
w; µft<l<p<')Qt; (3t.x. EQYO OSIRIS). 
-12 -
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µto(l)\I µeta<poQ<'tc; mtotEA.tL fkmtx.6 otoxo 'tfl<; JtoA.Lnxflc; µetaq>OQ<i1v tnc; 'Evmonc;. Evnn'nmc;, m1v<'t 
tov au!;uv6µevo XUxAo tQyaOLwv 'tWV EUQWJta'(xwv A.tµtvc.ov, hcv txu 011µnwHd oT)µuvnxit cru/:;T)<Jll 
nm µeQLhLou twv AaAaoOLc.ov µeta<poQcbv OtT)V ayoga tvavn tou xAahou tc.ov oc)Lxwv µnuqJOQWV. 
A U'to ocpdAEtat OE µw OELQO rragay6vtc.ov, xm xuQLc.oc; ow m!JllA.O xootoc; tegµanxou otaHµou xm 
otov µeyaA.o xg6vo xuHuotEQlJOllc; cJtouc; ALµtvec;, otnv EAAELtVTJ xataAATIAWV uJtoc)oµci>v. an1 Hco~uxn 
EAAtLtVll CUEAL!;l.ac; otouc; ALµtvcc;, otn µLXQll Lxav6tl}ta JtQoOaQµoyflc; rnuc; otu OlJOtt1µata 
rroAA.aJtA.cbv µtoc.ov µnaq>og<1c; xm otT)v EAACL'\Vll JtATJQO<JJOQTJOll<; tc.ov vaunAwx.wv etmgwi>V. 
26. Itriv avaxoi.vc.oon tT)c; oxenxa µe nc; axtoJtA.o"(xtc; µna<poQtc;14, TJ EJtLtQoJtfl :rtQotdvEL µLa OELQ<l 
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hi, vovtac; tµcpaoT) Otf)V avayxT) f)EA t(C.OOT)<; 'tT)<; OJtO'tEAEOµanxotT)tac; lWV ALµtvc.ov. Iw JtAaLOLO lOU 
Forum yLa touc; Nam1,A.1,axouc; KAabouc;, To oJtoLo ouo'taAT)xe to 1992 aJt6 111v ErcLtQOJtfl, Tl cm'tQOJttl 
yLa nc; axt03tA0°LXEc; µetaqJOQE<; aoxoAfl0T)XE x.at'EJtaVOATJtVTI µe ta tnti)µata UU'ta xm hLEtUJtWOE 
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E!;uxoAou0ow va uJtaQxouv JtaQabdyµma YQa<pELOXQanxwv <'>LahLxaoLcbv xm JtQaxnxwv Jtou 
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to Aoyo aut6, TJ EJtL tQoJtfl htevegyd oflµeQa µLa µeA.Etn µe oxorro 1nv xmaygaq>fl trnv Jtagayt'>Vnov 
JtOU JtaQaXC.OAUOUV nc; HaAOOOLEc; EµJtOQLXE<; µetaqJOQEc; OlllV EUQWJtl'l xm ll'l ouyxgwi1 touc; µc 
exei,vouc; Jtou cmxQatouv one; XEQOatec; µetacpoQtc;. H µeAEtT) auti) xaAUJttEL Lhtc.oc; nc; tcAc.ovnaxtc; 
rutmtiloELc; xm tT)V aJtOtEAEOµanxo'tT)ta lC.OV 'tEAC.OVELaxwv aQXWV ooov a<pOQO 'tl'l C'>LEXJtEQaLc.oon t(.l)V 
hLOLXt)nxwv 6wTuJtcboec.ov. 1:to JtAaLow amo, l1 E<paQµoyfl tc.ov ouotT)µatc.ov EDI Hec.ogchm we; 
oriµavnx.6 EQyaA.do y1,a tl} ()EA tLc.oon tT)c; goflc; l(.l)V JtA T)QOqJOQLWV µeta!;u tc.ov tEAC.OVELaxci>V aQxc.Ov 
xm t(l)\I uJt6A.oLJtc.ov TµT)µatc.ov 1nc; aAuothac; tc.ov µna<pogwv. Eav XQtLao8d, l1 EmtQoJtfl Ha 
htatuJtcboeL ouotaoetc; yLa tT) Ai)'\jJT) µttgc.ov µE oxoJto 'tTJV aJtAoJtoLT)OTJ 'tWV bLa6LxaOLci>V xm 'tlJV 
12 H EmtQ01CTJ U1COO'tTJQLl;t::L tT)V nv(mtUl;TJ t£toL(l)V OU<JtTJµ<'itrnv Oto JtA<lLOLO tOU t::L('mmu XOLVOtLXOU JtQOYQ<'illl.Ultoc; f(IEl!Vm; 
xc1L u'VWttu;ri~ otov toµeu tow µt::tmpog<iw (INTERPORT xm BOPCOM) x.m mo JtA.ni.ow tTJc; x.mvrnvi.nc; rnw 
:rtA.TJQO<pOQL(iW (MARTRANS). 
_13 Ii)µEQ<X f}ei.ox.nm uJt6 rncl;t::Qyaoi.u µLu vta &Q<iOTJ COST (COST 339) OXEtLx.<i µt:: tL<; tEXVLx.ec; x.m mx.ovoµLx.ec; ow8i)x.i::c; 
yLa tri XQTJOLµoJtOLTJITTJ, OE EUQ<OJta·i:xi) xA.i.µaxu, µLx.gciw µovMcov ouvbuaoµtvric; µmtcpog<'ic; (µLx.ga EµJCOQEUµuTox.Lf3cimu). 
H bQ<lori amn ExEL (~ OtOXO lTJV avrunul;ri JtQOX<lVOVLOtLXCOV J"CQOtUJtCllV. 
14 Av6Jttusri t(t)'V axtorcA.o·i:x.ci)V µm1cpogciw atriv Eugwrcri: TIQOorctLx.£c; xm Jt(>Ox.A.iJoELc;. COM(95) 317 tTJc; 05.06.95. 
-I 3 -
evo:rtott}ml touc; oto :rtA.atow twv 8aA.C1omwv µetaq>oQcbv xm oto ouvoA.o tt)c; aA. uotbac; twv 
µetaq>oQ<hv. 
27. Tov loUALO tOU 1996, T) EmtQOJCi} UJCE{3aAE oxebLO xavovLoµou toU LU~ouA.tou15, Oto OJtOLO 
JtQO~Afn:EtaL EJtEXtaOT) tOU JtQOYQ<lµµatoc; PACT16. LtO JtAaLOLO to~ vfou PACT JtUQEXEtaL 
UJtOOti}Qtl;t} OE egya ouvbuaoµevwv µEtaq>OQWV, OUµJtEQLAaµf3avoµtvwv tWV axtOJtA0°LXWV 
µnacpogcbv. OQLoµtva aJt6 ta teya auto uA.oJtowuvtm oi}µeQa µe tt)v uJtooti}Qt.;T) tou PACT oto 
JtA.ai.oto tou OLxovoµLxou ttouc; 1997. 
28. fLa va . Ei.vm OE 0e0t} OL CJ>OQELc; EXµEtUAAEUOT)c; twv axtOJtA0°LXWV µnmpogcbv va JtQOOCJJEQOUV 
ctJCoteA.eoµanxec; xm uvtuyrnvLonxtc; ummrntec; µttacpoQ<'tc; nm'l Jt6Qta or Jt(lQtn, cmm 1d nu 
ouveeyaota µna};u 6A.CJJv t<.lYV tµT)µ<'nwv tt)c; uA.uotbuc; tcov iwtwpoQ<i>v. Avri;nvninnc; Trnv 
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29. 'Evac; WOtOOO UJtO touc; OT)µavnx6tEQOU<; JtaQUYOVtEc; JtOU ea µJtOQOUOUV va ouµf3aU.ouv Ott)V 
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twv obLXWv µnacpOQcJlV JtOU ea BnoL~Etm OtT}V av6.xtT}OT) tOU x6otouc; xm T) OJtOLU ea EJCL tQEJtfL tt)V 
evo(l)µatwot) tou e};wtEQLxou x6otouc; autou tou tuJtou µetacpoewv. l:to rrA.atow tt)c; n gaoL vT)c; 
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neo-ceeu&Ottff« (J£ EQYU V1tEQ 't(l)V UX'to:n:).o'ixrov pn'Uq>GQ~ (J'tO ~).al.mo 'tO~ TEN-T Xat Ou 
e'uxo1ottthl~& \10. \J1tOO'tflQL~L 'tL~ 6Q*O~l.;,'t0\J 1t@~Q(tppu'to; 11:).moi.ov. £QWYU$ MO.L UVU:n:'tVJ;fl; 
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·npo~. ft« 6LUfPOQU piaa pnaq>oQ<hv £M6t&ov'to.~ · µLa via avaxoi.vma11 oX£'tLXU µe 't1J 
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3.6.Aaq>al.tta a'tfl Oal.aaaa xm '1:EQtl}c1J.J.ov 
30. OL A.Lµtvec; arcoteA.ow tu XUQL6tEQn OT)µeta eA.tyxou tt)c; ouµµ6QCJJWOT)c; JtQoc; touc; <">LeHvEi.c; i1 
xowonxouc; xav6vcc; ump<..tf..w.t.c; Ott) 86./..uoou xaewc; xm oµoti>itoQ<PTl<; e<paQµoyi}c; tcnv xuv6vrnv 
autc.Ov. H XOLVOtLXtl rcof..rnxii (JtOV toµfo tt)c; aoqJUAEL<.t.c; Ott) fk.t.AU<JOU, T) OJtOLU aJtofRtrcEL Ott)V 
E};UAEL'\jnl tW'V VctUtLAWXCJ>V <\~<WtT]QLOltlt(l)V mrn hcv JtAT)QOW rn xd,µevu JtQOtUJt(l µforn XutC1AAT)AT}~ 
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ouvegyatovtm ott)V eq1c.t.Qµoyi} tT]c; voµoHeotac; t 8 xm vu c~aoq>a/..ll;ouv tn!Jt)/..ou EJtLJCEC'>o u /..LµrvLxt~ 
urcT}geolec;, xm xuetrnc; 'U'\lJT]A.ou EJCLJCebou UJtt)QEOLEc; rc/..oi!YT)OT}c;, c/..f..tµcvwµou xm euµouA.xuoT}c; m 
OJtOLEc; ouvbfovtm OtEVU µe tt)V UO<pUAELU t(l)V JtAOLU>V. ErcLJC/..fov, T) µT) oµOL6µoQcpT) Eq>aQµoyi} tCDV 
xav6vwv ao<p<lA.eLac; oe 61..ouc; touc; /..1,µtvec; µJtOQEL va obT)yi}oEL oe OtQEB/..woT) tou avtayrnvwµou, 
ti}tT}µa thLat tEQa OT)µavnx6 t0 oJtoi.o JCQEJtEL va /..aµ.{36.vetm uJtOtpt) xata tt)v d;etaot) meavwv vtwv 
JtQWtofk>uA.tcbv 0tov toµEa tt)c; aoq>a/..nac; Ott) 86./..aooa. 
15 COM/96/335 tEALxO tT)~ 27TJ~ IouA.t.ou 1996. 
16 PACT (Pilot Actions for Combined Transport -Ogt'ltU1tE~ bQ<ICJEL~ U1tEQ tmv ouvbuuoµtvrnv 1.1.nmpc.ll)(lrv). 
17 TIQO~ Ev<1v ~i.xmo xm <uton:A.rnµnnx6 xuAoQwµ6 torv nµ<irv on~ µi::tatJXJQE~: noA.Lnxtc; rnLA.oytc; yLn TTJV rnultEl_)LXr11m1 
t<1rv e;o>tt::QLXCilv 0tmxt::Lrnv x6nmu~ trnv 1.1.i::tmpc.lQ<lrv OtTJV EuQcomt'LxT) 'Ev<iXTTJ. COM(95) 691, tEALXll. 
IH H Oftot.l'lµc.lll<Pll t::((JC.lQttoYiJ t(IW 1'lt.i::Ovcilv XUV()Volv m; M • .n tn JtA.ol.u mm rrHm.1v OE xmvonx<'1111'intn nmnt:A.d to <tvnxd1tt:vo 
tT)~ obriytm; 95/21/EK OXEtt.'X.C't µt: rnv eA.t")'XO mu XQ(mrnc; 1ou ALµevn (PSC). H 01'>nyt.n mm'! ovi.~EL <'m m A.Lµt:vLxtc; n0xtc; 
xm OL 1J1tT)QEOLEc; nA.oityrinric; Jt(!EJtEL V<l <11JVEQY<l~OvtUL 1t<lQEXOvt<l~ oxi::nxtc; JtAT)(?O<jXlQLEc; xm j\on01!1vtnc; touc; 
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-14 -
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32. 'Oaov acpoga tT)V JtQO<Jtuoi.a tou JtcgLfklA.A.ovtoc;, o IMO txcL cx<)ci><JEL ~u.u OELQ<'t hwHvci>v ouµl~<'wernv, 
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c.moggeeL cm:6 tl) ()1,c.m(otrnon <'>n OL UJtOQQi.'\jJuc; MoBA.r)ww cm<> tu rtA.o(u txouv cpH<wn onµc0u oc 
<11CctQ<'.thexta t:Jti.m~ha 1CC1QU w; UJtOXQC<i><JELc; J'COU rnL{)c'1A.A.EL T) ouµf)uori MARPOL. Ltozoc; nm ozu)(uu 
O<)mi,ac; Ha Ei.vm vu fkA. ne,oHd ri htnHemµonrm xm ri xmaA.Al)AOtl)tu twv eyxmuo1c'10ernv m10nA.o.f)i)c,; 
c.mof\A.irtwv atouc; A.1,µtvcc; tT)c; EE xm vu et;aocpaA.wBEi. ri XQT)<JLµoJtoi.riori trnv eyxcm10tc't0nov mmi>v 
cmo m JtA.oi.a. H JtQ6AT)'\PT) tT)c; HaA.aootac; QUJtavoric;. eoxeµµtvric; r) <'>XL, Hu rtgowftr1Hd :n:c0m tEQW µe 
tT)V xat<':tQtLOTJ JtQOYQGµµatwv eA.tyxou eugEi.ac; xA.i.µaxac;, tT) HfoJtwri µttQrnv Jt.x. otov toµfo n1c; 
xat<iQn<JT)c; xa0cbc; xm µe tT)V aut;riori tT)c; MoteA.eoµanx6trimc; twv voµLxci>v Jtugcµtklocwv. 
33. Ta tQya uJtoboµr)c; µJtOQEL va txouv aQvrinxec; mmtcbow; oto JtEQL(3aA.A.ov· yLa t0 A.Oyo auto, Ha 
1CQEJtEL JtOVta va EVtU<J<JOVtClL <Jta JtAai.<JLa tT)c; 1CEQL(3aA.A.ovnxi]c; JtOAL nxi]c; xm va UJtOXELVtm OE 
xmaA.A.nA.TJ at;wA.Oyriari tou avnxtuJtou oto JtEQLf3aA.A.ov. noAA.tc; cpogtc; 01. A.tµevcc; (3g(oxovtm 
xovta <JE xatoLxT)µevec; mgwxtc; r) oe JtEQLOXtc; 6Jtou XQELa~Etm va hofkl. Lbw( tEQTJ Jtgoooxr1 ac 
OLXOtOJtOUc; rl Ei.bT) JtOU UJ'CELAOUVtaL µe el;acpaVLOT). Qc; EX toUtoU, T) UVclrtlUSl) tWV J...Lµtvwv 
UJ'COXELtaL ouxva <JE EL<~Lxec; auv0tlxec; r1 1CEQLOQLOµouc;. To Htµa auto Xf1AU1Ctetm r1<">l) aJt6 nc; 
LOXUOU<JEc; XOLVonxtc; voµoHEnxec; bLatal;nc;, Jt.x. tl)V obriyi.a yta tT)V EXti.µriori tWV cmmwocwv Oto 
n:ee1.f3CtA.A.ov21 xm nc; obriyi.ec; yLa ta ayQLa JttT)va xm touc; cpumxouc; mxotoJtouc,;22, m oJtoi.ec; 
rtgow0ow A.uoe1.c; cpLA.1.xec; Jtgoc; to JtEQtf3aA.A.ov. 
34. EJtLJtAEoV, OL veec; Ei;eA.i.~nc; <JtOV toµtu trnv A.q.ttVLXCl)V 1'1Cl)QE<HCt>V xm l!JtO<'>oµ•i>V Oct JfQ{'.JTfl. Vet 
evtaaaovtm ae tva oA.oxt...T)Q<uµevo JtA.ai,aw xweotut;ixou oxe<'>woµou uxtli>v to oJto(o vu ouvt:xn~L<i 
nc; XOLVWVLXOOLXOVOµLXE~ xm 1CEQL(3aA.A.ovnxec; avayxec; xm JtEQLOQWµou~ nov YUQ(t} JHlQUXtLCUV 
JtEQLOXWv. l:e auto Ha auµf)aA.n ac µcyaA.o f3aHµl> ri JtQOtaari o<'>rlYi.nc; rcou cyxeLHrixc am) Tl)v 
EmtgoJtfj oxenxa µe triv cxti.µT)<JT) twv cmn:tci>acwv ogwµtvwv oxeMwv xm Jtgoygnµ~ta1wv 010 
1CEQLf3<lA.A.ov23. H otgatT)yLxr) EXti.µT)<JT) tWV emmcoaewv l(l)V OXE<">(wv nvamusri~ t(IJV ~lfTClCflOQlOV 
oto Jtegt,fklA.A.ov ea em tQE'\PEL tT) auvcxti.µrioTJ evaAA.axnxwv A. uacwv xm tl) ou~tµnox11 nov 
()1,acp6QWV GQXWV xm tOU XOLVOU <JtT) btaOLxaoi.a axe6Laoµou. EJ'CLJtAEoV, µc tl) f3oi)Hna tT)c; 
EJ'CLtQOJti]c;, o EuQwJta·Lxoc; 0Qyavwµ6c; 0aA.aamwv ALµtvwv (ESPO) hriµooi.euoe tvav Kwbixa 
19 l:uµfkmri YLU tl)V fJl:a"('/EA.µcmxr) UCT<p<lAEL(l XUL uyda (A.LµEVLXE<; EQYUOLE<;) ( 1979). 
20 'Exouv fibTJ 0roma0EI. voµofknxu x.El.µeva axenxa µe (i) nc; cmmtr)oEL<; xmvon:ol.TJCTTJ<; yux tn n:A.ol.cx mrn µnmpelxrnv 
EJtLxi.vbuvu ii QUTtOYOVU 1t(>O'L6Vta, xm (ii) tTjV Jt(>OCi:i0TJOTJ cpLA.Lxci>V 1tQO<; to JtEQLfkiA.A.ov JtEt(>t::A.moq.><\?rnV (X<lVOVL<Tf.H)<; JtE(lL 
JtEtQEMlLOCpOQ<t)V bL<lX<•>QLOµEvou egµntoc; -SBT). 
2l Obrtyi.a tou l:uµf3ouA.1.ou tTJc; 27ric; Iouvl.ou 1985 oxi::nxci µi:: tTJV i::xti.µTJOTJ t(llV rnLJttcilot.:cnv O('WJt(vcnv 1"lrtJtooi.rnv xm 
LhLCt>tLX<Ov EQ)'CJ)\I Oto 1tE('LfkxA.A.ov, Tl on:nl.cx t(lOJtOJtOLT)HTJXE µi:: tTJV nbriyt.n 97/11/EK W11 LUJtl·~m1/...(,011 n1c; 1ric; Mn(>tLOU 
1997. 
22 Obriyi.<1 79/409/EOK tou l:uµf.1ouf...Lou tTJc; 2ac; An:gLA.l.ou 1979 JtEQL tTJc; bL<xtTJQT)ow>v tCt>V uygl.(l)V n:trivciw xm obriyt.u 
92/43/EOK tou l:uµf.xrnA.l.ou tTJ<; 2 I TJ<; Mni:ou I 992 yLu tTJ bLatr)QTJOTt t(t)\I qmmxciw oLxot(lJto>v xm xuBci>c; xm tTJ<; aygLm; 
mxvi.hac; xm xA.mel&xc;. 
23 COM(96) 511 tEALX() EE C 129 tTJ<; 25TJ<; AJt(>LA.l.ou 1997. 
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llpaxnx~ o o3toi.o~ Jtaetxet xata)J .. riA.o JtAai.ow yta µta bgaori JtQOYQaµµanoµou ooov aq>oQ<l triv 
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3 5. H xaAirtEQll A. uori ea t1tav va Eq>agµooeouv ot vtec; texvoA.oytl~c; xm va BeA. nwHd ri 
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JtEQWQLOEL tll ~iltriori vtW'V Atµevtxci>v uJtoboµci>v. TEA.oc;, JtQoc; autt1 triv xatcuttuvori Ha µJtoQouoc va 
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JtQOOVUQJEQ6µevec; Egrnvrinx.tc; EQyaoi.cc; yta nc; ouvbuaoµtvEc; µnaq>oQtc; x.m triv axtoJtA.o·ta24. ~nc; 
bgaoetc; mrctc; ouyxataA.tyov1m EQYa ET A XQriµatobotouµEva arco rnv briµ6ot.o i) tov t.btwnx.6 
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JtAllQO<p<>Qtax.ou xm OQyavwnxou JtAat.oiou twv ALµtvrnv· xm nvumu~ri EQYUAdwv um.lOllJQL~llc; 
uJto<puoewv ( avabt-)oQyuvrnoric;, JCQOYQaµµanoµou Jtt>QW'V x.m <'>wxdvwric; A.tµtvrnv x.m mu QtlAOl' 
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uonxou 3tEQLf3(lA>..ovtoc; UUtOJV. ~UµJtAllQCUµanx.tc; EQEU'VT1tt.Xcc; EQYUOLEc; oxnt.x.a µE w; 'tEX'VOAoyiec; 
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1exvoA.oytEc; xm nc; texvoAoyiEc; UALxwv (IMT). 
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a};wA.Oyriori xm OAOXAtlQWOll vtwv tEXVOAoytci>v 6Jtwc; ta ouoti)µata ycwyQaq>Lx.wv JtAllQO<pOQLW'V 
xm, lhi.wc; ta ouotiJµata llAEXtQOVLX.W'V xagtwv x.m JtAllQOCf'OQLW'V (ECDIS)26. H avaJttUsll cvoc; 
24 EvegyELEc_; YLU tT}V 1tQO<i"8TJOTJ trnv axrnrrA.o't:·x.cbv µnacpogtiw exouv iJbTJ (l\l(lATJq>Bd mo JtAClL<JLO TO'lJ 4ov 1tQOYQ<l.1.1.µmoc_; 
· rrA.moi.ou E&A µ£0(1) trtc_; ouvrnvwµevric_; hL)(toric_; yw triv nxrnrrA.o'L<x. 
25 AEI: Automatic Equipment Identification (Aut6µutTJ c1vc1yvci)Qt.<JT1 fl;oJthoµou) 
26 Extoc_; wt6 to JtQOYQ<lµµu E&A yw nc; µi::ta<poQ£c;, bt.cl;ciyovtm m)µt::Q<1 b'Uo hQ<'umc_; COST mrn mpc.llXnJv mv A.Lµi::vt.x.l) 
xA.ac)o, xm ouyx.EXQLµevu TJ rrgoc1vacpi::g6µEVT1 bgaori COST 330 xm TJ bgaari COST 326 yw tn ouotr]µurn riA.i::xtl)OVLX<iJv 
XUQt<iN xm :7tATJQOq>OQLtilv. 
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muc;, rut6 wuc; xeiJotec; Jtou EJtwcpEA.ouvtm aµeaa aJt6 nc; u:n:oboµtc; touc;. IlagaA.A.ri/..a, om 
JtEQL006tEQU X.Qcllll µtA.ri, oewµ£vot tUJtOL AtµEvLx.itc; x.m vaunA.wx.itc; UJtoboµi)c; OJtCJJc; Jt.x. OL 
JtQOITTatemtx.oi. /..tµEvoBeaxi.ovEc; xm OQWµeva vaunA.Lax.a Bol18itµata 8EwQo'Uvtm x.ata :n:aQaC'>oori 
611µ6ota ayaea2s, EVW OQtoµevEc; A.tµEvLx.tc; UJtllQEOLE<; (xm LC'>i.wc; m vauto-tEXVLx.tc; U:Jtl]QEOLEc; Jtou 
JtEQLYQclcpov-cm Jtagaxatw) UJtOXEL vtm EJtLOl]c; OE UJtOXQEWOEtc; JtUQOXitc; briµootac; UJtllQEOlac; A.oyw 
-cl]c; oxtoric; touc; µE tll A.tµEvtx.iJ aocpaA.na x.m tl]V :n:eootaoi.a tou mgt(jaA.Aovtoc;. 
39. naea nc; oriµavnxtc; btacpoQEc; one; JtQOOEyyi.OEtc; 6oov acpoea trt XQT)µatobotrioll t(JJV ALµEVLX.WV 
Eyx.ataOtUOEWV X.at UJtl]QEOLWV, JtUQatllQEL tat oitµEQU mo8ritiJ UUSTIOll tll<; ouµµnoxitc; toU 
tbtwnx.ou 10µfo one; A.LµEvLx.tc; bQaOtl]QLO"tlltEc;, x.m tbi.wc; OE EXEL vEc; Jtou txouv XUQi.rnc; cµn:oQtX.6 
xaeax.-ti)ea 6Jtwc; 0 XELQL0µ6c; t(JJV cpOQtLWV. fta to A6yo am6, ll XQllµato(')6tl]Ol1 t(JJV ALµEVLX.WV 
eyx.amotaoewv Jtou E;uJtT)QEtow tetowuc; ox.oJtouc; aJtotEA.d 61..o x.m JtEQW06tego EuHuvl] tou 
lbLWtLXOU 10µfo, EVW OL A.tµEvtx.£c; aextc; JtEQlOQL~Ovtm 61..o x.m JtEQWOOtEQO Oto QOAO toU 
"tl>tox-ci)tri" x.m otri XQT1µatob6tT10ll x.m ex.µeta/..J..euori twv Eyxataotaoewv Ex.Ei.vrnv Jtou dvm 
27 COM(97) 142 
28 Yn:6 triv evvoLU 6tt. (i) xavevm; OlJYi<.EXQLµevoc; XQiJOTTJ<; bEv dvm buvat6v vu cmoxA.ewHt::L nv dvm ~u1te8uµevoc; va 
ouµµetci<JXEL mo x6otoc; n:aQ<Iymyi)c; wuc;· (ii) TJ xamvaA(JJ(JTJ mu XQiJO"rTJ A bev rnTJgec1~EL tTJV xamvaA.rnoTJ tou XQiJUtTJ B· 
xaL (iii) to x6otoc; mtQ<l'/<tJYll<; rnuc; bev au!;oµw:i:rvetm avaA.oya µe tTJV xmnvcxA.(l)<JTJ. 
-17 -
wtaQ<Xttt)tec; yw tf}'V aoq>a/...i) xaL wtoteA.eoµanxil A.eL tougyta tou A.Lµeva Oto ffuvoli> tou. 
Taut6XQOV«, tmagxouv evbeil;eLc; 6n oto µ£~/...ov ogLoµevOL A.Lµtvec; µrcogd va embLw;ouv va 
ava1ttu~ouv mo evegy6 eµrcogLx6 g6A.o, oe ouvegyaota µe LbLWtLxouc; etalgouc; tou A.Lµevuwu 
xA.C1bou-xm ext6c; autou, µe OX03t6tl)V 3taQOXtl "M6 3t0Qta OE 3t6gta" U3tl)QEOLWV Otouc; 3tEAatec;. 
40. H ta<Jt) au1;t)oflc; tric; ouµµEtoxilc; tou tbLwnxou toµta one; A.LµevLxtc; bgaotl)QL6tritec; µrcogei. vc1 
ocpetA.etaL t6oo one; tgtxouoec; oLxovoµLxec; ouyxugtec; 600 xm otriv oriµavnxi) aA.A.ayiJ tric; yevLxi)c; 
avtlA.Tf\Vtlc; 6oov acpoga tov g6A.o xm ta xa0ip<,ovta twv A.Lµevwv. Tigwtov, ri otxovoµLxi), x.m 
µaA.Lata XQt)µatoOLx.ovoµLx.i), ~LwoLµ6tl)ta twv tgywv 8EWQEL tm n:A.fov BaOLx.i) n:goUn:68eori, 
bEboµtvou 6n oilµEga bLatL0Evtm EA.axLotoL 3tOQOL yLa tl)V avamu;ri tCJJv un:oboµwv x.m HECJJQEL tm 
EUX.tala l) ouµµetoxil tOU ~wmx.ou toµta, ELtE µ6vou tou ELtE Oto JtAftL<JLO EW.LQLX.COV oxr.OE<OV µc to 
hriµ6oLO, xatL to 03toLO a3tOtEAEL OAO X.aL ouxv6tEQO <pmv6µevo.29 ~EUtq~ov, to ycyov(>c; (m OL 
A.Lµtvec; XQflOLµon:ow'Uvtm x.ugi.wc; yLa eµrcogLx.ouc; oxon:ouc;, e;un:rigetouv n:oA.Atc; cpogtc; µLx.g6 
cpaoµa XQfl<JtWv X.aL UL08Et0Uv µog<pec; ogyavworic; xagax.tl)QLOtLX.E<; tOU LbLWtLX.OU toµta, 
bl.<lcpoQ03tOLEL touc; ALµtvec; MO ta xa0euat6 briµ60La aya0a µeta 03tOLa ouyxgl.vovtav ouxva Oto 
n:agEA.06v. Kata ouvtn:ELa, EL vm n:A.Eov eugmega omptc; on o A.LµevLx.6c; x.A.a(')oc; Bglox.Etm oe otabw 
µEt~Ofl<; wt6 µta x.ataotaori Otflv on:oi.a xgriot.µot.on:oLouvtav x.E<paA.ma x.uQi.wc; tou ?)'qµ60Lou 
toµta yw tl)V n:agoxiJ urrriQEOLcbv yEvLx.i)c; XQiJoric; n:Qoc; µLa x.ataotaori fftrtv on:oi.a 
XQflOLµo3tot.o1'vtm x.E<paA.ma Mo bLa<poQEc; n:riytc; yLa lllV e;ao<paA.wri tegµanx.wv fftaflµwv 
avtMOX.QLV6µevwv one; Mmti)oeLc; uA.Lx.otEXVLX.i)c; un:oboµi)c; mo n:egLOQLoµtvwv oµabCJJv 
EµrtOQLXWv XQtlOlWV. Kat'aut6 tOV tQ01tO, to emxet.griµa tOU "yEVLX.OU OLX.OVOµLX.OU 011µq)fQOVtoc;" 
XOVEL tt) f\aQmt)ta tOU, blvovtac; tt) Seori tOU OE µLa mo "eµrtOQLX.tl" n:gootyyLOTl tl)c; nµoA.6yriaric; x.m 
tt)c; XQflµatob6tt)Oflc; twv un:oboµcbv. 
4.2.0i &tae~ "~ EE ptxe1. at)peea 
41 . !E mfJtebo EUQ<.03tC1°LX.i)c; 'Evworic;, l) µEXQL oi)µega 1tQOOEyyLOl) tt)c; xgriµatob6trioric; x.m nµoA.(>yrioric; 
twv A.t.µevLxcbv x.m vautt.A.Lax.wv un:oboµwv i}tav µOA.A.ov E3tLcpuA.ax.nx.iJ, A.6yw ax.gtBcilc; lOJV 
htacpoQEtLXcbv 3tQOOEyyi.oewv 3tou ax.oA.ou0oiJvtm oe e0vtx.6 rnfJtebo. 
42. 'Ooov acpoga triv JtoA.Lnx.iJ 1tEQL x.gatLx.wv evLoxuoewv, ri Emtgon:iJ 0ewgel on oL briµoOLec; 
E1tEvbuoELc; OE A.tµevLx.ec; un:oboµtc; avoLx.ttc; OE 6A.ouc; abLax.gt twc; touc; XQtlOtE<; bev n:gtn:eL va 
8Ewgo1'vtm x.ganx.tc; EVLOXUOEL<; x.ata triv evvoLa tou <lQ8Qou 92 tric; IuvHi)x.l)c; EK 30. OL mevbuoetc; 
auttc; 0ewgel tm 6n MoteA.o'\Jv ban:avec; one; on:oi.Ec; un:6x.EL tm to x.gatoc; 010 n:A.ai.ow twv rnHuvwv 
n:ou U3tEXEL 6oov a<poga to axebtaoµ6 X.aL triv avan:tusri ev6c; ouoti}µatoc; µeta<pOQWV yLa 10 YEVLX.O 
ouµq>tQOv x.m 6n wtoteA.o'\Jv ouvmwc; yevLx.a µttga. To l(')w wxun x.m yta ta vaunA.tax.a 
flolJ0tlµata x.m nc; A.omtc; vauttA.tax.tc; un:oboµtc; an:6 nc; E3tW<pEA.ei. im to ouvoA.o tl)c; vaunx.i)c; 
X.OLVOtl)ta<;. Avtt8Eta, OL E1CEVbUOELc; 1tOU EUVOOUv Ouy'XEX.QLµEvouc; <pOQEL<; EVaVtL UAAWV HHOQOUVTUL 
EVLOXUOEL<;, EXt6c; wt6 EX.ELVE<; n:ou EµrtLJttoUV one; EsaLQEoEL<; JtOU n:goBA.En:ovtm fftl) IuvHiJx.ri. n:.x. 
Otf}'V JtEQlJttOOOt) EQYWV JtEQL(f)EQELax.i)c; avarttu;l)c; ta OJtOLa EsaLQOUVtaL buvaµeL tou agHgou 92 (3) 
(y). 
43. Iriµavnxil JtQOUrt68eol) yLa lllV an:oteA.Eoµanx.iJ x.m bi.x.ari e<pagµoyiJ twv n:goava<peg6µevwv 
bt.ata1;ewv JtEQL xganx.cbv evt.oxuoewv ELvm ri xgriµatoOLxovoµtx.iJ bt.a<pavELa tric; A.oywnx.i)c; twv 
A.t.µtvwv. H A.oyLonx.iJ autiJ JtQEJtEL va n:goobLOQL~EL oa<pwc; tri xgriµatoOLxovoµLx.i) goi) aJt6 nc; 
bt)µ60LE<; agxtc; JtQoc; tov A.t.µevtx6 xA.abo xm va em tQErrEL lll oUyx.gwri µna;u A.Lµtvwv. A6yw 
0001600' tOU tbt.aL tEQa ow8etou xagaxti}Qa tWV HEOµLxcbv x.m XQl)µatomotWtLX.WV xa8E<JtWtWV 
Jtou LCJXuouv oi)µega Ol'l)V EUQWJtl) ooov a<poQa nc; A.tµevtxtc; x.m vaunA.t.ax.tc; un:oboµtc;, bev ei.vm 
JtOVta oacpetc; OL XQriµatoOLx.ovoµLx.tc; OXEoELc; µEtasU tOU bl)µOOLOU toµta, tWV ALµtvwv XaL tWV 
aA.A.rov E1CLXELQfJOEWV JtOU AEL tOUQYOUV Ota JtAaLOLa tWV A.tµtvwy. 
29 'Om.oc; mtoyQ<Iµµfm~ CJtT)V tEALXtl ex8ECJT) tT)c; oµU&xc; U\jJTJMlU f.JtLJtOOoU yLU tT} XQT}µatoMtT)CJT} tQyrnv µE <lvtLXELµevo t<l 
AEA µetacpoQ<bv rut6 XOLVOJtQ<I!;lec; bT)µ6owu-lhLconxou toµro (VIl/321197), tTJV oJtol.a axoA.oU0TJOE TJ uvaxo(vrnon tTJc; 
Emteott'll~ COM(97) 453 tdLx6. 
30 Avmxtl} XQllCJTJ torv ALJlfVL>«iYV uJroboµciw <JT)µal.vEL owi)0ox; (m b1.ml.coµu n:Q<)o~oTJc.; txouv (i) 6>..m 01. XQiJ<m:c_:; tow 
E"(>«ltUITTOoEOO'V, bT)A.. VUUtLALU'Xic_:; EtULQELEcjJtAOLU )(.(lt, (ii) xa0E <pOQEac_:; JtOU EVbLUcpEQEtUL VU ava>..ctf:\EL tT)V EXµEt<tAAt"U<TTJ 
tTJc; E"(>«ltcl<J'tUCJT)c_:;, YLU JtUQ<ibELyµu µEarn Em>..oyr)c_:; b1.El;uy6µEVr1c; Ota n:XaLoLU UVOLXti)c_:; bLU,bLXClOLW; UJtof3o>..i)c_:; 
3tQO<J<pOQWv. 
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44. H obtrti.a 80172331 tT)c; En:ttgo:rciJc; oxenxa µe tT) btacpavELa tWV OLXOVOµLXWV OXEOEWV µeta};u t(l)V 
XQ<ltcbv µeA.cbv xm toov 011µoolwv eJtLXELQtlOEWV ecpaeµ6~etm otouc; h11µ6owuc; AtµEvec; twv o:nolwv 
o EtiJowc; ximA.oc; egyaotcbv xata ta Mo mxovoµtxa Etfl :rcou :rcgoT)youvtm tou etouc; xata to o:rcolo 
btatteevtm 6t1µ60LOL :rcogOL u:rcEgf\alvet ta 40 exat. ECU. Ave};agtiJtwc; w0t600 tou ximAou 
egyaotcbv, Tl Emtgo:ni) ~T)ta :rcArigocpoQLE<; a:rc6 ta xgatT) µEAT) 6mv u:rcaexouv u:rcO'\j)lEc;, xat6mv 
oxenxftc; xatayyEAtac; yw :rcaga()e1, yµa, 6n f .. UtoQEL va EXOUV )(t.>QTJYTIHEL xganxec; EVLOXU<JEL<; <JE 
ogtoµEvouc; A.tµevEc;. Iuµcpwva µE tflV toxiJouoa voµoAoyl,a otov toµEa auto, ta xgatT) µEAT) 
u:rcoxeeowtm, xat'ai.tfJOTJ tric; En:ttgo:rcftc;, va :rcagexouv eJtL<Jflc; :rcA11gocpogi.Ec; one; JtEQt:ntcbaetc; xata 
w; o:noLEc; T) bT)µ6ota bLOLXT)OT) aaxeL OLXOVOµLXE<; OQaOtT)QL6tf}~Ec; f3toµT)xavLxi)c; tl Eµ:1l:OQLXtl<; 
cpuoEwc;. 
45. H Emtgo:rci) µeAeta oi)µegu mHavec; tgo:rco:rcoLi)OEL<; tT)c; obT)yi.ac; :neeL ('>ta(pc'tveLac; µE nc; orroi.cc; Ha 
Em tQE:1l:Etm OtT)V lhta vu ~T)tU :7t:AT)QOq>OQi.Ec; OXElLXU µe tT) XQT)µatoOLXOVOµLXft QOft one; EmXELQtlOEL<; 
xm, xm'am6 tov 'tQ6:rco, va E1;axgLfki>vEL nc; tux6v :rcEQt:ntwow; (')Le:nil)otT)OTJ<;. H UJtoXQEWOTJ 
tiJQTJOT)<; XWQLOtcbv AoyagLaoµcbv yta xa0E tu:rco OQaOtT)QLOti)twv Ha Ecpagµoo0EL OE OAE<; nc; 
E:n:LXELQtlOEL<;, EL tE (')11µ60LE<; EL "CE il)Lwnxtc;, avE1;agtt1twc; tou xUx.Aou EQyaotwv touc;, oL o:rcotEc; 
ava:ntuaoouv bgaITTT)QLOtT)tEc;, acpEv6c;, OE toµei.c; "xAELOtou xuxAwµatoc;" Aa~avovtac; a:rco~T)µLwoT) 
( a:rcoxA.etonxa btxmwµata it e:ntl)otiJow;) yta w; u:rcoxQEWOELc; :rcaeoxitc; {)T)µo<Jt,WV uJtflQEOLwv xm. 
acpetEQOU, OE toµei.c; "aVOLXtOU XUXAwµatoc;" avtayWVLOtLXCl :rcgoc; aAAE<; EmXELQft<JEL<;. 
46. 'Ooov acpoga tT)v :rcoALtLXtl yLa to btEUQw:rca·tx6 bi.xtuo µEtacpogwv (TEN-T), ri :rcgootyyLOfl :rcou 
axoAou0iJ0tp<.E µEXQL oi)µEga i)tav fl :rcagoxt1 u:rco0tt1QL1;ric; OE bgaoetc; xoL vou Ev{)tacpegovtoc; :rcou 
mpogow touc; ALµevEc; xm nc; ALµEvtxec; u:rcT)QEOLEc; xaL u:rcoooµEc; µ6vo µEow µEAEtwv axomµ6tT)tac;, 
uvayvwg~ovtac; ouve:nwc; 6n µ:nogeL va u:rcagxEL evtovoc; Eµ:nogtx6c; avtaywvLoµoc; µna1;u ALµevwv 
xm on :rcgmEL va AflcpHow µe'tga wote va µri oteef31..wHow oL axtaw; amtc;. Ito :n.l..al,<Jt,o auto, 
A.tµEvtxa xm ouvacpiJ egya xot vou Evbt.acpegovmc; µ:nogow oiJµegu vu ()te1;axflow <JE o:rcotovbiJ:rcotE 
xotvonx6 Atµtva. Ta tgya ama µ:rcoe£L va acpogow tT)v il>La tri l..1.µevtxt1 ~wVfl t1 vu :rceoocpegouv 
OtOV ALµiva XClAUtEQll Hal..ao<Jt,a/:rcotaµLa :rcg6of3aof} tl va toV ouv(')fouv µE to XEQOaLo bi.xtuo TEN . 
. M VeTm xugi.wc; tµcpaOTJ OE tgya :rcou a:nof3A.E:nouv Otfl f3EA. ti.wof} tf}c; aJtOtEAEOµatLXOtf}tac; tWV A.tµEvwv 
xat ITTflV E1;aA.etlPTJ twv avaITTaAnxcbv :rcagay6vtwv. H Emtgo:rct1 a1;t.oAoyel ta egya f\<loEL 
avttxELµevtxcbv XQL tT)QLwv, 6:rcwc; :rc.x. OL buvat6tT)tEc; mxovoµtxt1c; f3twotµ6tf}tac;, xaHci>c; xm fXloeL 
yevtxcbv :rcAfJQO<POQLcbv axenxa µenc; 0aAao<Jt,ec; µetacpogec; xm ta Atµevtxa ouatiJµata otT)v 'EvCOOTJ. 
H EUQ<.OOta'ixt1 'Evwori hev EXEL µEJCQL ot1µega eJtLXELQtlOEL va eJt~AEL tva xevtgtx6 oUOTT)~ta A.tµrvtxitc; 
av<l:ntu1;t)c; OUtE YEVLXU va ()Labgaµati.OEL xa00QLOTLXO g6Ao OTt)V au};ri<Jfl tf}c; ()uvaµtxt)n1m; TWV 
ALµEvwv. 
47. nag<lAA.rtl..a, XQri<Jt,µo:rcotiJSrtxav Ji6got. tou Taµelou Iuvoxitc; xm tou ETnA yt.a tT)V u:rcoo1t1et.1;TJ, 
ITTL<; e:ntl..E1;1.µec; :rcEQLcpEQEtec;, vewv xm f3EA nwµtvwv eyxata0taoewv a:nagaL tT)twv yt.a tt)V 
otxovoµtxil avW'ttu1;TJ xm yt.a tT)V Ex:rcMewoT) toov u:rcoxgewoEwv :rcaeoxt1c; bT)µ6<Jt,wv u:rcrigeotcbv 
6:rcwc; rt :rcagoxil :rcg6of.1aortc; oe :rcegtcpegetaxec; :rcegwxtc;, Aa~vovtac; tautoxeova u:rc6'PTJ to :rcAai.<Jt,o 
:rcou xa00Q~Etm one; xateu0uvtiJQLE<; ygaµµEc; yta to TEN-T32• 'OAEc; OL XWQEc; tOU TaµElou Iuvoxi)c; 
xm :rcoAMc; a:n6 nc; :rcEQLoxec; :rcou xaAU:rctEL to ETilA f3ei.axovtm OtTJV :rcEQLcpEQELa tTJc; Eugw:rca·cxi)c; 
'Evworic; xm bLa0tmuv µEyaAo µiJxoc; axtcbv xm ouxva µeyaAo agtHµ6 VTJOLwv. H oettt1 evowµatwoT) 
tOU vaUtLALaxou xA.abou Ha ouµf3aAEL ouve:nwc; CJ'tT)V avfuttu1;T) tT)c; EVtaLac; ayogac; )((lL OE µLa mo 
1.06ggo:rcri 01.xovoµLxiJ av<l:rctusri, 6:rcwc; :rcgof3A.e:rcetm Otfl IuvStlxfJ. 
48. Evtoirtotc;, ot AtµEvEc; twv avwtegw :rcegupegetwv :rcgmeL va ei.vm xataAAT)Aa :rcgoetmµaoµtvoL WITTE 
va avta:noxgt0ow ITTTJV :rcg6xA.rioTJ. OgtoµEvoL a:n6 autouc; :rcagouota~ouv xaµt)Aa e:niJtEba 
a:rco-cekeoµanx6tt)tac;. ELvm a:nagaLtrito va ylvouv xfutoLec; ~eA.tLcboeLc; oirtwc; WITTE va 
e1;aocpaALa0£L 600 to buvat6v a:notEAeoµattx6teQTJ a1;Lo:rcoi.ri<Jfl twv ucptotaµevwv xm vewv 
eyxataITTaoerov xm va e:n:Ltga:nei. otouc; Atµevec; va e:nwcpeArt0ouv xm amoi. a:n6 tt)v a1'1;rtort tt)c; 
xuxA.ocpogi.ac; ITTt)V evtai.a ayoga xm va btabgaµati.oouv to btx6 touc; g6Ao OE. µta :rcLo LOOQQO:rct) 
xatavoµt1 tt)c; xuxAocpogi.ac;. Tigt:rceL e:n:Loric; va Ot)µeLWSei. 6n t) tli.AEL'Pll u:rcoboµcbv ITTO tva axgo tfl<; 
31 Ofnryi.a 80/723/EOK 'tTJc; Ertt.'t(.Xmfic; (EE L 195 'tTJc; 29T)c; louA.l.ou 1980), omoc; 'tQOJtOJtmti0TJXE µe 'tTJV o~riyi.u 85/413/EOK 
(EE L 229 tric; 28ric; Auyoootou 1985) cll<J"rE vex X<~A:uqi0El, µEtctl;u cfilrnv, X<lL o wµtcxc; t<tlV µEt<tlpOQ<iYv. 
32 A:1t6qmJf1 UQt.0. 1692/96/EK. 
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vaut1.A.wxi]c; aA.uolbac; µJtOQd tEA.Lxa va ~T)µLcboeL tT)V cmoteA.eoµanxotT)ta xm tT)V etx6va twv 
ffaA.aooa.rov µetacpogcbv yEvLxa. It6x;oc; ouvmcbc; dvm 11 mt tEUsTJ twv mt111A.6tq~rnv huvmcbv 
n:gotmwv cnouc; A.LµEvEc; xm twv Mo "axgwv" cbate va wcpEAT)fkt to A.tµcvtxo ffUOtT)µn om ouvoA.l> 
tOU. 
49. 'Ooov Oq>OQO nc; JtOAL nxtc; XQEWOT)c;, OL JtOAL nxtc; auttc; µt)CQL or)µEga xaHOQL~OVtm OE EHVLXO, 
:rtEQLcpEQELax6 it toJtLx6 mLJ'tEbo, avrn :rtagtµf3aoT)c; EX µtgouc; tT)<; EE, µE EsaLQEOTJ nc; JtEQL:ittcbow; 
6Jtou aut6 ei.vm cmaQaLtT)to yta va E1;axQL(3w0EL xata Jt6oov ot 011µ6otE<; JtaQEµ{3aoELc; aJtotEA.ouv 
XQUtLXE<; EVLaxtJOEL<;. 
4.3.Avu~lftqaq vt(l)V XU't£v6i>vatrov 
50. nag'6A.a auta, oL vfo; tltoetc; n:ou oT)µELcb6T)xav xata ta teA.emta xgovta OtT)v ogyavrnor1 xm n1 
XQT)µatob6tT)Ot) twv A.Lµtvwv XatEatT)oav cmagat tT)to tov avaJtgooavatoA.wµ6 tT)<; JtOAL nxr)c; tT)c; 
EuQWn:a'ixi]c; 'EvwoT)c;. 
51. Mw µeA.EtT) OX,Enxa µe touc; HaA.uoowuc; A.tµtvec; Jtou Jtgayµatt>Jtmi1H11xc rn 1993 x<rr'ul.trio11 wu 
EugroJta'ixou Kotvof3ouA.tou33 avayvwgt~EL µEv 6n Etvm aJtaQULtT)to va ytvouv oE(.inotb; m 
()1,acpOQEtLXEc; XQ11µatobonxtc; guHµtoELc; JtOU LO)CUOUV OE xaHE µEµovwµtvo ALµtva, aA.J..a XutaA. ftYEL 
cno ouµJttgaµa on bev uJtOQXEL xaµta ouotaonxr) btacpoga µetal;u twv mevMoEwv OE ALµEvtxtc; 
un:ohoµEc; XaL tWV OAAWV EJtEVOUOEWV EVtaOT)<; XEcpaAaLOU OE {3LOµT))CaVLXU OUYXQOtr)µata. Kata 
OUVEJtELa, bEV UJtclQXEL A.6yoc; va UL00EtT)0eL µLa EVtEA.cbc; btacpOQEtLXft JtQOOEYYLOll yLa w; EJtEVbUOEL<; 
otov A.t.µevt.x6 xA.aho, xm ouvmcbc; xavtvac; A.6yoc; yta tov o:rtoto oL aµeoOL XQftOtec; bEv Aa JtQEJtEL va 
mt.{3ag1'vovtat. µe to x6otoc; twv EJtEvbuoEwv autcbv. Iuµcpwva µe tT)V ev A.6yw µeA.ttT), 11 ecpaQµoyr) 
twv agxrov tT)c; ayogac; ota EQYa uJtoboµr)c;, µe EsaLQEOTJ ta tgya Jtou ouvbfovtm µe t11v JtQ6o(3ao11 
OtT) 0aA.aooa Xat. tT)V aµuva, ea eLVaL to rutOtEAEOµatLXOtEQO µtoo rutOtQOJtft<; tOU EVhEXOµEVOU 
hT]µt.ougytac; JtAEova~ouoac; buvaµtx6tritac;34 xm tuxov otgtJ)A.wo11c; t11c; gol)c; mu eµJtogliou µnal;u 
toJV xgatcbv µeA.cbv. 
52. ngayµan, Tl cmeA.rneEQWOT) tT)c; ayoguc; t(1)V µetaq>OQWV xm l1 av(mtus11 tou TEN-T obi)yrioc OE 
aul;T)OT) tOU avtaywvtoµou µna;u t(1)V ALµtvwv35. fta m1gahELyµa, l) u.v(mtu~l) trnv <)LEUQWmt'(xcov 
ol.briQobgoµt.xcbv agtT)Qt.cbv EµJtOQEUµanxcbv µEtacpoQWV Jtou ouv<)fouv touc; A.tµ£vEc; tou Nfrro u xm 
tou BOQQ<'.t µe w; xevtgtxtc; f3wµrixavtxtc; JtEQLOXE<; Ha cptQEL mo xovta tl)V Eugc0Jtrt xm Ha obl)yr)aet 
OE ax6µ11 µEyaA.U'ttQ'll aul;11011 tou avtaywvtoµou µeta;u twv l..tµtvrnv nov btacpogcov negtcprgwbv, 
Lhtwc; otov toµEa tfl<; µnacpogac; Eµ:rtOQEuµatoxL(3wttwv Jtou nagouata~EL artµavnxouc; guHµouc; 
av<ln:tul;t)c; ta tEAEutata 5 xgovt.a (f3A.. IlaQ<lQtflµa II xaQtE<; 1-5). Amit rt aul;rtort wu avtayrnvtoµr"u 
etnt. UJt6 aµcpt.of3i)tT)Ofl tT) µtX,QL or)µeQa JtOAL nxr) tT)<; EE yta touc;· A.tµtvec;. 
53. naQ<lA.A.t1A.a, tvac; au1;av6µEvoc; aQL0µ6c; A.Lµtvwv tdvouv va avaxtouv tva µtQoc; toul.axwtov mu 
x6cnouc; mEvbuoEwv OE un:oboµtc; µEow ouvaqxbv A.tµEvtxcbv teA.cbv. Iuµcpwva µe nc; 8EµEAL<l><)nc; 
agxtc; tOU 0EµLtOU avtaywvLoµou xm tT)c; OLXOVOµLxr)c; aJtobonx6t111ac;, OL XQftOtec; tWV µnacpOQCOV, 
tOOO Oto Ult&\Vfl JtAaLOLO 000 XaL OE aA.A.a, JtQEJtEL va (3aQUvOVtaL µe. to XOOtoc; tWV UJtOc)oµcbv JtOU 
XQTJOLµOJtOLOUv36. Em.JtA.tov, T) XLVT)tOJtOLT)OT) LbLWtLXWV XEcpaA.atwv yLa tT) XQT)µatob6tT)OT) EUAoywv 
EJtEvbuoEwv bev ea dvm EVbt.acptQouoa av 01, 6rtµ6owt Jt6QoL µJtOQouv va XQllOLµonotrt8ouv aA.Aou 
33 "H £UQrom1Lx1\ JtO~Lnxi) yLU touc; 0uMomouc; A.Lµevec;", µEA.EtTJ Jtou bLEVEQyiJ0TJXE xut'<tLtTJ<lTJ tTJc; ft:vLxi)c; ~Lt:1~hivoric; 
'EQeuvac; xaL MetucpoQtiw tou EuQ<oJta'farou KmvofkmA.i.ou, OELQU E-1, 1993. 
34 MLU <illTJ Jt~<patTJ µtl.EtTJ JtEQLA<t~iveL <lQL0µTJtLxc'x <JtOLXEL<l Jtou uJtobTJA.<iwouv 6n OE 6 µeyciA.ouc; A.t~tevec; tTJc; 
JtEQLCpfeeLUc; X<lfJQTJc;-Aµfklugyou ltlx1r~A.movtm OTJµ<IvtLxec; cru;l\uELc; tTJc; buvuµLx6tTJtnc; trnv Eyxcmwn'toErnv xm 
UJto&lµciw JtOU Clq>oQOUv t<l EµJtOQEUµ<ltoXt,fkimn xm OtL Evt6c; t(l)\I 6 J'tl)(10EX<i>V Etft)\I uvnµevt::tm OUVOALXTJ (lU~lJOTJ tT)<; 
buvuµLxOtTJtCll; xata 43% Jt£QLm1u, briA.. Ettl<llfl nu;TJ<JTJ \njJouc; 6%. ME fXi<JT) t<l <lEV<lQL<l µEAAOvtLxi)c; ~TttTJ<lTJ<; ~u:t<tcpOQ<tlV, 
to JtArovaoµ.a buvaµLKOtTJtac; µEXQL to 2000 ea qi0aO£L 0£ 20 fox; 40%. The European container market -prospects to 2008, 
Ocean Shipping Consultants, 1997, 'KCIL JtEQ<ILtEQOJ EJtcl;EQyaoLa aJt6 tTJV EuQWJta·i:xi) EmtgoJti). 
3S TI<lQ<i to ycyov6c; 6n OtTJV JtEQi.Jttcoori tow µetacpoQffiv avotxti)c; OaMooTJc; to ouvoA.Lxc'> x6otoc; bLaµEtax6µwTJc; µEta;u 
A.Lµfv(t)V µJtOQEL va µnv avtLJtgooroJtEUEL U\jJTtA.6 Jtoooot6 EJtL tou ouvoA.txou x6otouc; µnacpoQ<ic; <IJt6 Jt6Qt<I oe rr6Qta (5-
10%), OtT)V JtEQi.Jttcoon tow axtorrA.o·i:xrov µetacpoQ<i>v to x6otoc; am6 avtLJtQOO<OJtEUEL 40-60% tou ouvohxou x6mouc; xm 
EltTJQalf;EL OUVEJ'tcbc; 'tTJV EJ'tLAOytl tOU ALµeva xaL µJtOQEL va obl}ytlOEL OE OtQEt3A<OOTJ tT)<; EµJtOQLXl\c; QOi)c;. 
36 "TI lX>C., tvav btxaLO KCIL <IJtoteA.wµcmxo m8oQL0µ6 tow nµciw anc; µetacpoQE<;", COM (95)691 tEA.Lx6 'tTJ<; 20.12. 1995. 
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µe EMlXt.crtEc; ti avun:aexw; Eyyui)OEL<; xatUAAT}AT}c; wt6bOOT)c;. H oeeti xatavoµi) t(l)V n:6ewv cnov 
A.Lµev1.x6 xMoo ouvoA.Lxa ea Et vm buvatf) µ6vo av oL mev~nmxtc; wtocpaaEL<; evtaooovtm OE tva 
OUVEJttc; Jl:AOLOLO Jl:OU e;aocpaAt~EL 6tL to X60toc; tC.OV EJtEVn\JOEC.OV flaQUvEL touc; XQlJOtE<; 't{l)V 
A.LµEvoov. 
54. Kata 'tOV xa80QL0µ6 WO'tOOO Ev6c; tEtOLOU n:A.moi.ou, ea 3l:QE3l:EL va AT)cpeouv un:o'\jJT} xan:oLOL 
n:aeayovtEc; n:ou En:T}QECl~OUV toV tQOJl:O µE tOV on:oi.o Eq>aQµOl;Etm T} aexiJ "o XQlJOtT}c; Jl:AT}QWVEL11 OE 
En:LrcEbo 'KOLV6tT}tac;. IlQW'tOV, 6n:wc; EJtLOT}µaLVEtaL XaL ClVWtEQW, Un:<lQXOUV OT}µavtLXE<; hLaq>OQEc; 
otT}V OQYUVWOT} 'tWV ALµEvc.ov 1000 µna;u "C(l)V xeatc.Ov µEA.WV 600 xm Oto EOW'tEQLXO touc;. 
OgLoµEvEc; wt6 auttc; w; µoecptc; oeyuvwoT}c; Ei.vm n:eeLn:A.oxEc; xm txouv BaeLtc; QL~Ec; ITTT)V Latogi.a 
trtc; e;tA.a,;tlc; toov rngwn:a·cxcirv A.Lµevc.ov. n goun:oAEOT} yLa tT}v cm -ruxiJ xat<iQtLOT} ev<.'>c; n:A.moi.m> to 
on:oi.o va otf\etm, oto µEyaA. utEQO buvat6 Baeµ6, nc; ~Laq>oeenxtc; "n:aea~6onc;" A.LµcvLxi)c; 
OQYClVWOT}c;, EL vm T} avaA. UOT} twv EV Myw bLacpoerov. LiEUtEQOV' OQLOµtvOL EUQW31:U0LXOL A.Lµevcc; 
Bei.oxovtm OE A.L yotEQO avmtuyµtvEc; xm n:EQLq>EQELaxtc; n:eewxtc; i) oe VT}OLa. OL A.Lµtvcc; uutoi. 
ouxva wtOtEAOUv to µ6vo ouvbenx6 XQLXO µE tT}V un:6A.OLn:T} Euew:n:a'Cxi) 'EvWOT} xm to E:rt:LXEVtQO 
tl)c; OLXOVOµLxf)c; beaotT}QLfrCT}tac; OtT}V avti.OtOLXT} Jl:EQLq>EQELU. Kata ouvmeLa, avtLn:QOOWJl:EUOUV 
OT}µavnxtc; n:aeaµEteouc; oL orcoi.ec; ea n:ebtet va ouvExnµT}eouv one; rcoA.L nxtc; ouvoxiJc; tT}c; 
Euewrca'Cxi)c; 'EvwoT}c; Jl:QOXELµtvou va ecpaeµoo8ei. OUITTT}µanx6tEQU T} aexiJ 'tT}<; XQEWOT}<; µe f)aoT} to 
x6ot0c;. TtA.oc;, bEboµev11c; tllc; aA.A.11t...E;aetT}Ol1<; twv bLaq>OQWV µfowv µEtaq>OQWV xm tWV 
avti.otOLXWV urcoboµc.Ov, oewµtva an:6 ta orcoi.a un:6xELvtm oe bLaq>OQEtLxa voµLxa xm 
XQT}µatoOLxovoµLxa xa8wtci>ta, 11 :n:eooeyyLOl'J tl)c; XQl)µatob6tl)OT}c; xm nµoA.6yr1011c; twv A.LµevLxci>v 
u:n:oboµwv, ;exL vwvtm; a:n:6 nc; EmvMow; ornuc; (l)Louc; touc; A.LµEvEc;, ea :rt:QE:rt:EL vu Ei. vm 6XL µ6vo 
ouvExnxi) xm n:eooheunxi) aA.A.a xm ouvmi)c; :n:eoc; nc; e;eu;w; :n:ou 011µeLwvovtm OtT}V 
nµoA.6yqoT} tOOV u:n:ohoµwv aA.A.wv µfowv µnaq>OQWv. A6yw auti)c; axeLfki>c; -r11c; UAAllAE~UQtT}Ollc; Ra 
rcemet EJtLOT}<; va Jl:QO~AEq>Row µEyaA.a XQOVLXO Jl:EQLeroew YLa tT}V n:eooneµoyr} twv ALµtvwv. 
lhwi.tEQfJ n:goooxr} n:etn:n va hoeei. otT}V xoLvonxi) n:oA.~nxi) yw. nc; auvhuaaµtvcc; µctmpoetc;. 
4.4.H XUQU;1) evoc; XOLVO'tl.XOV Jt).cnai.ov XQ1JflU't060't1)01J'i )((U XQE(t)01)'i 't(t)V ALfl£VLX(OV 
moooprov 
55. neoxnµtvou va ULOAEtllAEL OtllV Euewn:a'Cxr} 'EvWOT} µLa mo oµOLoµoeq>T} n:eootyyLOll YL<l tT}V 
mlf1Cteuvart twv XQT}otwv µc to x6otoc; twv A.LµEvLxci>v xm vaunA.Lax<i>v u:n:ohoµwv, ea xecwotd va 
yi.vouv n:eoobEunxa BiJµata OE µLa OELQ<l toµtwv: n:eaxnxec; xm ouo-rr}µuta XQErn<JT}c;. 
ouµn:EQtA.aµf3avoµevT}c; tT}c; bwcpavetac; tT}c; XQT}µatoMtT}OT}c; rc.ov A.Lµevcov, xm xaeoetoµ<.'>c; xavovwv 
OXEtLXWv µenc; XQatLxec; EVtOXUOW;. On:OLaC>i)n:otE VEa Jl:QOOEYYLOT} ea 3l:QE31:EL va OUVtOVLOHd µE to 
TEN-T XUL ta AOLn:a 6eyava xe11µatobonxr}c; OtrJQL1;T}c; tT}c; avWt:tu;T}c; un:oboµci>v. 
4.5.'Eva Jt1ai.oto XQtroot1t; irov >.tpEvtxrov ~Jtoboprov 
56. IE miJtEho 61.axei.ewnc; xm bwlxrio11c;. yi.vEtm xata xav6va C>1.axe1.0T} µna;u twv un:T}QEOLwv xm 
eyxataotaoEwv n:ou ~et.oxovtm Evt6c; twv A.Lµtvwv xm twv un:ohoµwv rcou ~eloxovtm ext6c; t11c; 
A.tµEVL'>ci)c; ~<i>vt}c; (ouvbfow; µE tT}V EVOOXWQU XUL :n:e6f)aoT} otT} eaA.aooa). 
Evr6; rq; A.iµevtx~; l;dJVTJ; 
5 7. OL Uq>LOtaµevEc; eu8µ(,ow; XQ11µatob6t11011c; XUL XQEWOT}c; tc.ov A.LµEVLXWV un:oooµwv 0<'>11yo'Uv OE 
aul;avoµev11 otetf)A.rnori mu uvtaywvLaµou. OL En:LXOQl1YlJOELc; emteercouv otouc; A.tµtvcc; xm cnouc; 
<fJOQElc; cxµetaA.A.euo11c; vu µnwvouv nc; nµtc; xm vu n:aeExtetn:ouv nc; cµn:oe1.xtc; ~gmm1e1.<.'>t11tec;. 
To xa0Eotci>c; xeanxci>v evwxuocwv m1.teme1. tT}v avnµEtwmoT} oe1.oµtvwv xataotaoewv, aA.A.a 
ouµcpwva µE tl1V tetxouoa JtQOOEyy1.011 tT}c; Em teon:i)c;, T} bT}µ601.a XQT}µatob6tT}OT} un:o6oµwv 
arcotEA.Ei. yevLx6 µti:go OLxovoµLxi)c; n:oA.mxi)c; to on:oLo bEv µn:oeEl va EAEYXEtaL wt6 tT}V En:t teon:i) 
~uvaµn tc.ov xav6vc.ov tT}c; ~uv8i)x11c; n:tQL xeanxci>v EVtax\Joewv mo µEtQO n:ou oL u:rcoboµEc; 
µn:oeow va XQflOLµorcowwi:m an:6 6/...ouc; ae>wxgl twc; touc; ()uvT}nxouc; XQlJotEc;. H avaeewQfJOT} t11c; 
JtQOOEyy1.011c; amr}c; yLa touc; A.LµEvEc; ea EXEL n:eocpavci>c; E1CLn:tWOELc; otT} XQT}µatob6tllOT} t(l)V 
un:o6oµwv yEvtxa. To 8tµa auto ea e;etaoeEi. wot6oo ota n:A.ai.oLa tT}c; avaxolvwoT}c; neel xetwoT}c; 
twv urcoboµWv rcou ea Exrcovr}on 11 Emteon:i) Evt6c; tou 1998. fLa va avnµetwn:Lon tL<; n:eQtJtt<i>oEtc; 
otQ~AWOT}c; tOU avtaywvLoµou, 11 Emteon:i) ea E1;EtaOEL to EVhcxoµevo avtln:tu1;T}c; Evoc; n:A.molou 
XQEWOT}c; twv A.1.µEv1.xci>v urcoboµci>v. A utr} axetf3cbc; EL vm l1 3tQootyy1.oT} n:ou E1;eta~etm ot11v n:agouoa 
IlQU<JLVfl Blf3A.o Xm ava:rctUO<JEtaL n:agaxa"tw. 
-21 -
58. 'Eva XOt.VOtLXO JtAai.oLO yw t(1 ALµEVLXO tEAT] ea JtQEJtEL vu EJtLB<'tAEL xaHogwµ6 tCJJV tEAtOV OE 
ouvaQtT]Ot} µe to x6otoc; xm vu JtCtQEXEL uJtohEL~eLc; we; JtQoc; tov B<1Hµ<> otov oJtoi.o ta ALµcvLx.a teA. Tl 
Ha JtQEJtEL va avtnvux.A.ouv to x6cnoc; trnv mcv()uocrnv oc uJt0<)0µ6;. H HfoJtLOT] tou JtAmoi.ou uurnu 
Hu uJtotcA.EaEL avnxEi.µcvo 0<)T]yLuc; tou LUµf~ou}..i.ou Tl <>Jtoi.u Hu wpr)vn OT]µuvnx.c't JtEQLHci>QL<l 
hLatiJQTJOTJ<; aJtox.A.Lv6vtwv 1wgw">omux.cl>v ouotl]µatwv ogyavwm1c; nnv A.tµtvrnv. To n:J..ui.ow nut<'> 
ea µJtOQOUOE va EXEL tl] µogcpiJ Ef..axwtwv aJtm ti}oEwv 6oov acpoga nc; agxtc; xetwol]c; Jtou JtQEJtEL 
va tT]QOWtm OE 61..T] tl]V KOLvOtT]ta. 
59. Ta ouoti}µata A.LµEvLx.wv tEf..wv Jtou E<pagµo~ovtm otouc; f..tµtvec; tl]c; KOLv6tlltac; Jtagouata~ouv 
Of1µavnx.tc; bLa<pogtc;. ~Laettouv wot6oo )(UJtoLa XOLVU ~aOLX.G OtOLxda, Jt.x. 1tQOO<">LOQL~OUV w; 
ALµcvLx.tc; eyx.utuot(.wnc; x.m U1tf1QEOi.cc; Jtou x.uJ..uJttEL x.{1Hc tum>c; f..tµ.cvLx.ci>v trf..ti>v, nt f1<'wll x.m tr) 
µEHO<)o 1'JtoA.oyLoµou twv µEµovwµtvwv tEf..wv. fcvtx.a, ta f..tµcvtx.(1 1£/..T] <">tax.gi.vovtm or tgnc; 
tUJtouc;37 -ta tEAll JtOU ouvhfovtm µE tf1V JtUQOXrl UJtT]QEOLWV x.m cyx.ataOtUOEWV JtOU EJtLtQEJtOUV OE 
tva JtAoi.o va ELOJtAEUOEL µE aocpaf..ELa x.m va XQflOLµoJtOLfJOEL tvav f..tµtva· ta tEAfl nou ouv<'>fovtm 
µc tl]V JtUQOXlJ UJtT]QEOLWV x.m EsOJtALOµou· x.m ta µwewµata rl tEAll XQT]OLµoJtOLT]OT]c; EX.tftOEWV rl 
ESOJtALOµou JtOU avi)x.ouv OtoV ALµtvu. A va/..oya µc toV ALµtvu, tu tEA Tl nut a UVtUV<lX.AOl7V' OE 
<">Lmpol,)EtLXt> BaHµ<'>. tl] XQrlOfl UJtflQEOLCi>v x.m cyx.atuotaorn>v, c)1,o orntxdu tu onoi.u Hu ngbtn vu 
xuJ.. UJttEL {~vu µc/..A.ovnx.<'> n/..ui.ow xgi:cnof1c;. 'Ooov wpog{1 nc; 1'm1gwi.rc;, to µr/..J..ovnx<'> nA.utow On 
µJtOl,)OUOE vu x.aHogi.~EL ovwµtvcc; ycvtxb; ugxtc; XQl~(l)<JT]c; 't(l)V ALµl'VLX.lt)V \!1tT]QWLlt)V ofrwic; (lion: vu 
ci;<L<J<p<J.AL~EtUL c)n tu CJtLf~UAA<'>f!EVU lEAll arrotEAOUV OUV<lQtT]Ol) lOU x<'><m>oc; lCOV nugrx<'>fU'.V(J)V 
U1tt)QE<JLdw (BJ... EJtLOllc; XECfJC'tAULO 5 ). 
60. 'Ooov acpoga tl] xefo>o11 trnv f..LµcvLx.wv uno<'>oµwv, unagxouv htacpogtc; mHavtc; ngooeyyi.onc;: 1) 
nµoA.oyT)OT) BaoEL tou µfoou xootouc;, µE tllV orroi.a c;aocpa/..i.~Etm JtArlQTtc; uvb.x.tl)Ofl lou x<'>cnou;· 
2) XQEWOT) µ6vo tou x6otouc; cx.µnaA.J..EUOT]c; · xm 3) nµoA6yT]Oll ()twn tou ogwx.ou x6otou; ( OL 
µteoboL amtc; avaA.fovtm JtEQmttgw oto nagagtT)µa III). Ta ALµcvtx.a tEAfl nou wxuouv crrouc; 
ALµtvec; OQLoµtvwv xgmwv µEJ..wv iJbll xa8ogi.~ovtm, OE bwcpogEnx6 xma ncgi.ntrnol] BaHµo, oc 
ouvc'.tQtTJOll JtQoc; to x.6otoc; uno<'>oµ.r)c; · Tl JtLO ax.gai.a µaJ..La-m rrcgi.mwol] d vm cxd v11 nou 
rragutT]QELtaL OE ogwµtvEc; zwgcc; one; OJtOi.tc; OL ALµEvtc; dvm Lhwmxo( i)/xm AELTOUQYOUV we; 
EµJtOQLxtc; ovt6tT)tEc; xm EmBuguvouv i:ouc; XQrlOtEc; µc to ouvof..Lx.<'> x<'>owc; 1rnv vtrnv rn:rvc''n'1orwv 
x.m tllc; ouvtilQTJOllc; trnv uJtohoµwv. 
61. Mux.go3tQ6fkoµoc; at<-'>xoc; µwe; JtOAL nx.r)c; tLµo/..6ylla11c; trnv unoc)oµci>V Hu rrgtmL, xm'a0xt'1v, va 
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37 "Report of an enquiry into the current situation in the major Community sea ports", ESPO, 1996. 
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-22 -. 
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-24 -
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touc; orcoi.ouc; arcoteA.ouv onµavnxouc; x6µ(3ouc; yLa to eugwrca"Lxo qmoQLO xm mHuvov va EXEL 
ugvnnxtc; cmm:wow; aw; eowtEQLxec; JtA.wttc; µnaq:>ogtc;. ea JtQEJtEL ouvcrcwc; va µeA.nnttd 
JtQOOEXTLXcl xata JtOOOV EL vm ox6mµl} l} Eq:>agµoyi} Tl}<; aQxi}c; tl}c; (lVclXTl}CJl}c; TOU xootouc; otouc; 
bLetUAOU<; JtQOOEYYLOl)C;40. H OUYXALOl} 6oov aq:>oga Tl}V eq:>agµoyi} Tl}<; agxi}c; Tl}<; avaxtl}Ol}<; TOU 
xoowuc; ea µJtOQOUOE evoexoµtvwc; va E1CL TEUXflEL taxutega xm mtoTEAEOµatLXOTEQa µc UAAEc; 
µcAobouc;. 
NrwnA.wxa f10T1fhjµam 
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XUQUXTl}QLOTLXt> JtUQc'thnyµ.u (')l}ft<'>mrnv uyuHci>v.41 n(~QU um) TU XAUOLX<'t (ioriOi}µ.cttU (>Jt(l)c; OL <pc'tl_)OL, 
m m1µuvti}Qt::c;, xtA.., t<t otJYXl_lovu v<rnnA.mxc'1 f)ol}Hi}µatu one; ()uJ...<'wmrc; Yl.l<lftftb;; ft.r ftry<'tA.tt 
XUXAOlf>OQLU XUL X<m't fll)XO<; rmxi.vc)uvrnv i} JtCQL()uA.A.ovnxci1c; "r.l!<'tACllT(t)V11 UKt<tlV 
ouµn;EQLA.aµf3avouv uvumuoo6µcvu oucni}µatu Qahwn:J...oi}yl}ol}c; (rr.x. LORAN-C. GNSS). uA.t..x11 
un:oboµi] am.tQUL tl}tl} yw tl}V 1JJt00TtlQL/;l} t(l)V VTS i} TOU VTM IS, xuHci>c; xm <JUO'ti]µum 
UJ'COXQEWtLXftc; zaga/;l}c; 1CAEUOflc; X<J.L avaq:>ogac; tWV JtAOtWV. 
74. ~E µeyaA.o ugL0µ6 JtCQLJttci1ocwv, ri aocpaA.ew it ta EµJtOQLXa ouµ<pt\~ovtc.t n'>oo nic; Tomxi]c; c.'>oo xm 
tl}<; hLEQX6µevric; xi.vrioric; EsUJtl}QElOUvTaL xaAUTEQU aJt6 ouoti}µata JtOU UJtEQf)atvouv ta EHvLXU 
OWOQU XaL µJtoQOUV va avmnuxeow OE xJ...(µaxa JtEQLCf)EQELac;42. EmJtAEOV' av A.aBouµe 1JJtO'\j.Jl} tl} 
Ol}µao(a OQLOµEVWV EUQWJtO.LXWV 8u/....UOOLWV ygaµµwv yLa TO JtayxooµLO tµJtOQLO XaL tl}V 
uui;avoµcvri TEXVLxi} n:oJ.. urrA.oxotrita xm evtaol} xtcpaJ..ai.ou twv cv A.oyrn ouotl}µatcov, c'kv Ha t1tav 
btxmo oL banavec; ECf>UQµoyi]c; tour; va Emf)aguvouv µovo ta cµJtA.cx(>µcva XQUTfl n:ou ()LaHtrnuv 
µcy(tA.o µt1xoc; axtoYQaµµwv, 6eboµtvou on oA.ri ri f>Legxoµevri xuxJ..o<:pogi.a xm m n:cgt.<:pEQctaxoi. 
zvilotcc; (:n:.x. ta u.A.Leunxa axaq:>ri) crcwcptJ..ouvtm cm6 tn ouffri1µmu umc't. Mc µLu tftota 
JtQOOEYYLOl} emB<'tQUVOl}<; µovo TWV qmA.t::xt'>µtV(l)V XQaTCOV lJJt<lQXEL xi.vbuvoc; va µl}V 
ri;uocpuA.wHouv tu uvuyxui.a ()ol}Hi}JlaTU tl TU XQ(LTl) Jt01J Jt<tlli'.XOUV TU r)ol}Hi}µcnu mm't VU 
t::JtLZELQitOouv vu uvuxti}oouv to x(>ornc; (>XL µc tu X<tAUTt:l_lU p.{:ou. EmJtHov, TU Jt<tl_l<'txnu 
vuunA.Laxa Boritti}µarn wcpcA.ouv tvuv tuJto xuxA.04K>QL<1<; o oJtoi.oc;, yw muc; oxoml'tJ<; nic; 
UVUXtl}Ol}c; TOU x6ornuc;, dvm "bfoµwc;" µc.'>VO av Tl OQYUV(J.)Ol} T(l)V 01J<Jtl}µ<'tth>V XC1A'UJtTrt. C\Jl_ltL({ 
JtEQLCf)EQELUXi} xA.i.µuxu. Mw. xmvonxi1 rrgono()ouA.i.a Hn µJtOQo1mr vu d;umpuA.(on tu ftfou yut n1v 
ecpagµoyi] tETOLWV µrixuvwµwv. ngayµan, ll avayxl} uvumui;ric; µu1c; JtQl>TUOl}<; n1c; Emtvorrfic; 11 
o:n:o(a ea xaHogi.~EL t6oo nc; agxtc; rrou JtQEJtEL va bLen:ouv ta ouoti}µat<t XQEWol}c; <i>otc vu 
el;aocpaA.i.~ttm avaxtl}Ol} tou x6ornuc; tmvMoewv xm av6.mui;ric; 1etoLwv f)ol}0l}µatwv ooo xm tva 
ouotriµu wonµou xmaµegwµou tou XQl}µatOLxovoµLxou f)agouc; µt tour; XQtlOttc;, EXEL fihll 
rn:wnµaveet otl}V avaxoi.vwol} tl}c; En:LtQon:i)c; "Kotv~ .JroA.mx~ yw rr7v aacpaA.cw or17 f·k1Aaaad'43 
( oriµEia 101 ewe; 114 ). 
39 l<">i.coc; llt<lV OL bi,nuA.m rrgoof./'/WT}c; l~gi,mmvcm OE tf.toL(l ~-X'i8TJ (t)(JtE, ClV xm <lVOL'X.toL OE l)/...ouc;. lltT)V J'tll<lYJUltl.XllTl)tn 
El;U1CT)(_)EtoUv µl1Vo EVUV 1tEQLOQWµ£vo UQL8µ6 EUX<'>Acrx; nvnyvo>Ql.mµrnv XQT)ot<ilV. 
40 Lt <'tA.A.ec; t1LOµT1x<1vLx£c; xci>Qtc;, rr.x. one; HOA xm tTJV Inmnvl.c1, m bi.uuA.m Jt(_)O<ll'"'f'/L<JT)c; HernlX)Uvt<tL (l)c; bTJµt'>nu1 nyn0<i 
xm, n1c; EX tomou, XQT)µcttohmo1'vtm mn'> m bTJµl'low. 
41 rw O(_)L<Jµ6 j1/.... U1COCTT)µfL(l)lJT) 17. 
42 ~to rrA.uLmo tT)~ (lVUrctUsT)c; Evt'>c; hLEUQCOJt<I°LXOU bLXtOOU OUOtT)µ<ltcov 6LUXELQLCJT)c; tT)c; XUXAO<JlOQi.uc; t<tlV 1CA0L(tlV )(.UL 
uvcnA.A.uyi}c; rrA.TJQO<pOQL<ilv (VTMIS), ri Kowl1trirn EXEL tibri XOQT)yTJOEL XQT)µato&lnxiJ uJtomi)QLsll OE OQWµf.vt::c; ALµt:vixtc; ti 
m1Q<ixnec; U1tT)QEOLE<; hLuxdgwric; tTJc; 8uMomuc; xux.A.ocpogi.nc; OE JtEQLCJ>EQELnxtc; 1tEQtoX£c; tT)c; Kmvl'ltT)tn<;. EmrrA.fov, µt: 
to E(_)yo tou EUQ<tlmi"t:xou M<'ivLµou Kf.vt(_)OU O<tQ<lXoA.oU0rioric; tT)<; KuxA.oqx1gLnc; (European Permanent Traffic Observatory 
-EPTO), Tl EmtQOrri) f.8E<Jt otTJ huif:lt::OT) oJtmouOi)rcotE xmvonxou A.Lµf.vn ti VTS £vu EQY<IAELO yut tTJ tn1tmnu1nxl] 
uw'il .. uori trnv tomxclw ouv0rp<fi>v xuxA.ocpogluc; Otll ALµEvtxij ~ctJVT) xm yL<t tT) Bt:A.tlrnm1 muc;. H ETCt"XtU<TT) tou EPTO nt:: 
µE(<LAUtEQO uet8µc'l A.1.µ£vrnv fkt uu~i)<JEL OT)µuvcLxa tu EV buvaµet 8ETLX<i cmoteA.£oµmc1 tou. Tf.A.oc;, T) EmtlxmiJ ~Et<ittL 
<Tl)µt::Q<l OQLOµfvu µttQ<l EVc1gµ(>VWTJ<; trnv VTS, tet on:o(.n EOtL<lt;ovtm OE tl.c'tXL<JtE<; <J.Jtm ti)oEt.<; rnt.Mot::crlV to" t::l;onA.wµo1' 
VTS ( h1.mucp£c; µt::ml;u VTS) xm t::vugµnvwµtvec; bt.nbLX<lOl.Ec; ~EA. ti.n><TT)c; t1'}<; EJtLXOL vcl)vi,uc; Jt/...ni.ou-<1xti)c;. 
43 COM(93) 66 tEAL'X<l tT)c; 24.02.1993. 
-25 -
75. 'Ooov aq>oea ta tomxa vaunA.1,axa BoflHr)µata, xm 1,{')i.rnc; exci.vu rrou ouvMovtm µe tflv :rtQ()oBaofl 
oe A.tµivec;, autoi. :rtou e:rtwq>eA.ouvtm :rtEQL006tego e(vm m xatc't tb:rtouc; xgi]otec; twv A.1,µtvrnv. Kata 
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ouvbfovtm oteva µe nc; e:rtevMoe1,c; otouc; i.6LOuc; touc; A.1,µevec; i] Otfl yuew :rtEQLOXtl xm ea :rtQE:rtEL · 
xavovtxa va avnµetw:rti.~ovtm µe tov i.6LO tQ6:rto. Kata ouvtrrna, fl avaxtflOfl tou oxenxou 
x6otouc; µtow A.1,µev1,xcbv teA.cbv 8a :rtQE:rtEL, xat'aexiJv, va yi.vetm µe tov i,()1,0 tQ6:rto oe 6A.fl tflv 
Kmv6tl)ta. Evtoutotc;, oto :rtA.ai.ow aut6 µ:rtogci. va xenm1fki. vu n:eoBA.e(pflu\,v uh1,xec; 
rcugexxA.i.onc; yw touc; A.Lµtvec; µe µaxgc1 hwhgoµi] :rtg6of~uoric; mm c')rv xuA.u:rtrnvtm um'> w 
ouotriµa avaxtrioric; tou x6otouc; trnv :rtagaxnrnv u:rtohoµcbv :rtou avmptgetm uvontgrn. 
76. ~t: 61..ec; umtc; nc; rreg1,rruiJOEtt;, 01, tux<'>v :rtgot<'wnc; :rtou Hu c')ummrnflo1Jv Hu :rtgf.:rtn vu dvm 
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oti.yµutoc; xm vaum:rtA.o'Luc;, to O:rtOLO <1:rtOtEAcL <1VtLXELJtEVO JU<t~ f,JT.LXrLflEVll~ <1VUXOLVO)Ol]c;. 
t1Qtll11J 16ud:t£Q1) 1tQOOOXtJ nQEn£t vu 6o8d eni.011; CJ'tt; vmn1.l.1.ux£; vnoboµi; nov ~ui.oxov'tnt EX't(); 
Al.P£V&Xtk ~mv11;. l:'t'l)V 1CEQL1t'tO>(Jt) 't(l)'V nueaxurov VU\J'tti.taxrov Po11011µa't0>v, Ou 3tQE1tEl va 
UVU1t't1JX8d fll.U XOLVO'ttXtJ 1tf.PO>'topov).i.u yta 'tOV XU00QtOµO 'tO>V UQX<iw nov Ou btE!tO\JV 'tU 
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Po"8tlpa:tow Utrtrov, xuO~ xm EV{}; µt)XUVLO'µov 6i.xmov XU'tUfJ.E@l.O'fJ.OV 'tO\J xe11µu'tOOtxovoµ1.xov 
P«eo~ f1£ 'to~· xetlon;. 'Oaov Uq>OQU 't« 't01tLXtl VU\J'tlAl.UXtl Po110t)pU'tU EV'to; 'tt); ltµEvtxt); 
~mv15 xm. 't15 yvero nee1.oxtl; xuO~ xm 't1J pv8oxoe11011 'tO>V 61.avi.rov 11eoapua11; o'tov; J..1.µtvE;, 
1t@E1t£1. vu µ£i.£'t1)8£i. µ£ 1.61.ui. 'tt:@'I) 1t@OCJOXfa 11 «exti "0 XQtJO'tt); nl. tt@<iwEl" OV'tO>; roan vu J. t)q>Ooi>v 
mo"'11 01. 61.aq>oentxi; y£roytpuqmc£; avvOtjxe; nov entx@tt'toi>v ou; nee1.ox£; nov IJei.axov'tm 01. 
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'tffiV V1tOboprov 
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:rtou acpoQa to TEN-T44 Ha :rtQE:rtEL vu BoriHiioet toui; A.tµtvec;, c)cc')oµ.i~vou (m cmotEA.ouv VEU(>UAytx.ti 
oriµda µetaq>6Qt<OOf1c;/µetemr1tBcwric; toU rnernmt'Lxou OU<Tttl~.tm()(; :rtol..AurrA.ciJV f.tfo(t)V !.lrTCHf'O(>Gc;. 
A.uµflavovtac; :rtugaA.A.riA.u um'.nvri nc; huvrinxtc; mecf)A.omxi:c; mtm<i>onc; trnv x0cmx<ilv 
E:JtLXOQTIYtlOEWV. H EmtQOJti] Herngd ouvmc1>c; (m to xovc)uA.t yw 10 TEN-T Hu Jtgtrrn, ycvtxa, wt ~tlJ 
'l.QT10Lµo:rtmri8d yw 'tfl xeriµutoc)OtflOfl EQYWV <JtoV ALµEVLXO x.A.ac')o, EX.t6i; av JtQt>XELtm yw fQYC. 
ecpaQµoyi)c; ouotriµanov EDI ii yw tgya urroboµi)c; :rtou acpogouv tov cnc">11g6c">Qoµo, triv rocotEQLXl) 
nA.wtfi vauot:rtA.ota xm triv axto:rtA.o'Cu xm htd;<1yovtm ytu touc; oxo:rtouc; tctJv mlvc'n1ao~trvwv 
µetaq>OQWV. IlQO'tEQaLO'tflta Ha JtQE:rtEL E:rtLOTI<; vu c)oHd OE tgyu tfl<; Evc')oxweac; :rtou <ltflOQOUV Tll 
owbeori twv A.1,µevwv µE t0 u:rt6A.oL:rto tou ()1,xtfou, xm 1,()i.wi; nc; ouv()tonc; µe nc; at<">llQOl)Qo~u.x£c; 
xm nc; EOCJJ'tEQLXE<; JtA(l)tEc; µetacpogtc;. 
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()uvati] fl xerimµo:rtOLflOfl 't(l)V :rt6QWV toU Taµdou Luvoxiic; xm toU ETnA y1,a ll] XQ11µatob6tl]OT1 
E:rtEVbUOEWV OE ALµEVLXE<; U:rto(')oµec;. 01, JtOQOL aUtOL 8a :rtQE:rtEL Va XQT10Lµo:rt0LT18ouv y1,a 'tflV EJtLtEU~ll 
twv ax6A.ou0wv ot6xwv :rtgotegm6tfltac;: :rtAflQEotEQfl evawµatrnori twv A.1,µtvwv aw TEN-T 
BeA.ti.wori tric; :rte6o(3aoflc; oi:riv cvhoxwga· xm avaxai.vwri trnv ·u:rtoboµcbv :rtou Bg(oxovtm cvt6c; 
A.1,µeVL'x.i]c; ~wvric;. ELvm a:rtagai.trito va Emtrnx8d woeeo:rti.a µnal;u trnv 016xwv tl]c; :rtEQLCflEQEWxiii; 
:rtoA.1.nxi]c; xm tric; avayxric; a:rtotgo:rti)c; a()txaLOA.6yritwv :rtEQL:rttcboEwv OtQ£(3A.rnoric; tou 
avtaywv1,oµou µetasu trnv A.1,µevrnv. 
l:'to 1tl.ui.aio 'tOV xov6v.i.i.ov TEN-T, ot X@lJJltt'tobouxoi. rioeot nov Ou buiteOoi>v ytu 'tov ltµ£vtxo 
x1U6o 8u eoic1.uo801'v CJ't'l)V vnoO'ttJQl.~'1 µel.e'trov oxon1.µ0't'1't«;, 'tO>v (J\)CJ'tt)pa'trov ED I xm 'tO>v 
aw6"UO' , • n O'CE ULO't 'tU 8u 6o8ti. ent d. droo 't o\tvbrn 
44 ft::vLxot. xuv6vt::c; yu1 TTJ xovitYTJOTJ xmvonxitc; t::vl.oxuoTJc; ornv rnµ£u trnv <'iLEU()Olmi'txciw 1'iLxt11rnv (xnvovwp.<'ic; nv1,0. 
2236/95 tric; t 8ric; ~t:Jttt::J.lf1QLl rn 1995 ). 
-26 -
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:rteelfSa11ov·nx£; :rta(HlµE'tQOl Oa a:rtonlfoouv ava:rtoon:aa'to 'tp.tjµa 'trov :rcuovn:o8£0Erov naQoxt)g 
xoivoux'15 XQtJflU'toMi11a11; ae i.tµevtxt't teyu. 
5.AIMENIKEl: YDHPEl:IE:E: OPfANQl:H KAI DPOl:BAl:H :ETHN AfOPA 
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79. n EQUV tou f3aotx.ou QoA.ou µEtmpoguc; Emf3atwv x.m EµJtOQEuµfrrwv aJto HaA.aooLa OE XEQoni.a µtoa 
µEtacpogac; x.m avnotgocpwc;, oL A.LµevEc; Jtagexouv eva EUQU cpaoµa UJtT\QEOL<i>V x.m Eyxat<10taow.>v, 
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tou thtrnnxou toµfo, uv xm d;axoA.ouHouv ouxv<'1 va OT}µwi>vovtm JtEl_)LOl_)Wµol, OTT\V uyol_)a to>V 
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um> tT\V El;tA.tl;ll tric; TEXVoA.oytai; a/...A.6 xm urc6 tl}V Evtoxuol} tou avtuyrnvwµou µctal;u A.tµtvrnv 
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82. H ogyavwof1 twv UJtTJQEOLwv bwxLVT\OT\£ cpogTi.wv El;agtatm oc µey6A.o BaHµo <mi> n1 hoµr) tou 
A.tµtva x.m urc6 to xavovwnx.o rcA.ui.ow rcou LOXUEL yLa TT\V am10x<.'>AT\<llJ. H rcal_>OXTl trnv tl1Cf1l_>WL<i>V 
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fta to ox.orc6 auto, OE ogLoµtva XQ<iTl'I µEAT\ 1tQayµatorcotr)flf1xav rcgoocpatwc; voµoHcnx.tc; 
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tEXVOAOytxtc; xm hLUl_)Hl_)rnnxb; £/;EAL~ELc; EVW tUUtOXQOVU OUVEXTLJ!OUV nc; OXlmxtc; X.OLVWVLXEc; 
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rrou xuttxouv one; auvc)unoµtvcc; µETaq>OQEc; xm va al;wrcoti)oouv cux.mvl.ec; c)T}µLOul_)yi.uc; Htocrnv 
egyuol.uc; OE UJtl}QEOLE<; t>moc; rc.x. T\ JtAftQWOT\ XUL ri XEVCJJOT} eµm>QEUµmoxLf)wt(wv, ll <)LaVOJtr), ll 
urcoHr)xEuoT\ xm ri ouoxcuao(u. fta tT\V avarrtU/;T\ vtwv U1CTJQEOLWV dvm a1taQULTT\to vu 
XQT\OLµorcoLT}Houv 1tQmwµtvcc; tExvoA.oytEc; xm va E<pagµoo8ouv hl.x1ua agtT\QLwv be(')oµtvcov. 
ngoxctµtvou va x.aA.u<pHei, TJ aul;av6µEvf1 ~i)tT)OT\ El;w~l.xcuof1c; tou A.tµcvLxou egyatLxou huvaµtxo\1 
4s H nu;T)OT) tT)t; XQTJOT)t; qutOQEUµn:mxLj.'k1>tL(l)V xm T) tvtClOT) XECp<IA.ui.ou tcnv VClUtLALClX(t)V ()l)(lOtT)(>LOti)trnv Ull~(l'VOUV w; 
mtuw; yw JtEQUL t£Qrn Bt::A. tLO)(JT) tT)t; rruQUyrnyLx6tT)tnt; mu EQyunxou ()uvuµi,xou xm tT)t; AEL toUQYLXTJt; nm)()ooT)t; tcov 
A.tµf.v(t)v. l:rn rrA.ai.mo nov rrgoam18eLciJv mu vu 1CQOOagµoo8et. oni; veei; umnti)ot::L<; tTJ<; ~ittlJOlJ<;, n l.htoc; o A.1,µi::vLx6c; 
xA.<'1boc; EXEL rni.oTJc; µetnt(Xl1tEL onxhLUxci ot:: f.vuv xA.abo Evt<lOTJt; xt::qx1A.c1i.ou, o orcotoc; c.rn:mtt::L µu~1,x£c; EJCEvbuueLt; oe 
rregi.3tA.oxo cm:6 tEXVLXi) <'mml'TJ e~on:At.aµo XELQLOµou t(J)V cpoQti.rnv xm uvciA.nyei; µi::uilot::ti; tric; c'tµt::oTJc; A.LµevLxitc; 
ummx6A.T)CJTJc;. 
-27 -
xc10wc; oL au;avoµevec; uvc'.tyxec; eueA.L~i.ac; xm evnµtQworic; oxenx<'t ~w Htµmu n:qJLfk1A.A.ovtoc; xm 
uocpaA.eLac; otri 0aA.aooa, Ha JtQEJtEL va avwnuxHouv xataA.A. riA.u µtou emµ6Qcprnoric; otu JtA.utoLu 
µLac; f>Labu<.aol.ac; bLa Bl.ou µa8rioflc;. 
83. o A.LµevLx6c; xA.aboc; EsaxoA.ou8Ei. wot6oo va xagaxtT]QL~Etm aJt6 tAA.eL'liJTl euEA.Lslac; tou EQyanxou 
()uvaµLxou, ri oJtota EXEL oxtori xugtwc; µE triv EYYQacpt1 tou egyanxou ?>uvaµLxou OE µritQ<ila xm µr 
tT]v uJtaQsTl "be;aµEvwv EQyanxou ?>uvaµLxou" oe ogwµtvouc; A.Lµtvec; tric; EE. OL hEsaµEvtc; 
EQYUtLXOU buvaµLXOU avc'tyovtm OE µLa EJU.>Xtl xata tT]V on:ota l1 EQyaol.a OtoV ALµEVLXl) xA.c'tho 
xaQaXtllQL~6tav aJt6 LbLaLtEQa µEyaA.n aota8ELa xm XQLV6tav cm6 nc; JtEQL6houc; "mxµnc;", A6yw 
xuQl.wc; tou rutQ6(3A.mtou XQ6vou acptsewv 1wv Jtl..otwv. Li\µega, m <)esaµevtc; EQYatLxou huvaµt.xou 
OUVLOtoUv to OUV<">enx6 XQLXO µnal;u tOU JtUAULlrtEQOU EQYUtoXEVt{_)LXOlJ ouoti]µatoc; O{_)('CiVWOfl<; 
t(J)V A.Lµtvwv, to oJtoi.o f~uOL~frmv OtT]V JtQ60XaLQl1 amwxt'>AflOfl, xm tern ori~tE{_)Lvo'\J crnoti\µmoc; 
EVtCiOEW<; XEq>UAULOU <'mou UJtOtEAOUV JtAEOV XHV<lV<l OL {qworc; xm µHX{_)OJt{_)(>fko!U'<; oxl:orL<; 
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84. AvEsUQtT)tU aJt6 lflV UJtUQSll ()esaµevwv EQYUtLXOU ()uvaµLxou, OE OQLOµtvu XQUTfl µEAfl 
Ei;axoA.ouHd va Mvnm Jt{_)OlEQm6nrm cmiv Q.Jtaox6A.TJOT) 1rnv cyycygaµµtvrnv oe µritQlim 
EQY<t~oµtvrnv, ouµcprnvu µEnc; ouotaonc; tflc; ~uµBaoTJc; TTJ<; ~OE uvt.H. 137 tou 1973 Jtr{_)L A.L~tevLx<ilv 
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OQLOµtvcc; JtEQLO'tUOW;, vu OUVLOlU tvav EX twv JtQayµatwv JtEQLOQLOµ(> n1c; JtQl)(JBUOfl<; OTl}V uyo(l<'t 
tuxov urtoXQEWOTJ twv <poQtwv Exµnc'tA.A.euoflc; A.t.µtvwv va ouµµntxouv one; <)d;aµEvtc; evyanxou 
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Jtou e(vm µtA.T) tEtot.wv ()c;aµEvwv. 
5.3. Y 1tf1Q£6L£~ nov «q>OQOVV 't« 1tAOL« 
85. LE yevt.xtc; YQaµµtc;, Tl avayxl) JtQOOtaotac; tT)c; aocpaA.nac; 1wv oxaq)(iJv, TWV cpoQTi.wv, nov emBunov 
xm tOU ALµfVt'X.OU x6oµou OUVOALXU werioe nc; bl)µOOLE<; agxtc; vn JtUQCµf>UL VOUV 0£ µqt'tAO f)a0µ,t') 
µEQLµvwvtac; yw ta mayycJ..µanxa Jtgoo6vTa tou UQµ6hwu Jt(>oornmxou. H ogy<1vrno11 nnv 
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c0vt.xi) bLOLXTJOT). 
86. H 1tAOtfttJ6t) aJtotEA.et xaQaXtT]QLonx6 JtaQ<lbELyµa uJtOXQEwnxi]c; tEXVLxo-vaunxr)c; Urtll(>f.Otrn; 
JtagexoµevT)c; oe µovorrwA.t.axn Baal] ornuc; JtEQL006tEQouc; cugwJta·txouc; A.t.~ttvEc;. H JtQoor)aori oi:ouc; 
ALµEvcc; U:TCOXELtm OE UJtOXQEU>tLXll JtAOllYT)Ofl l(J.)V oxaqJO)V Jt(HJ UJt£Qf)ULVOllV ouyxexgLµtva <'>QLa 
XWQT)tLXOtl)tac; i) µi]xouc; xa8cl>c; xm trnv oxacpwv rtou µnmptQouv cmxtvhuva Jt{_)o.t6v1a. 
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JtOQ0µe(a) JtOU XatC1JtAEoUV ouxv<'t OE tvav ALµEva, UAACJ. l1 EX<)OOfl tCtoLCOV JtLOtoJtOLfltLX<OV 
un:oxu tm oe JtEQi.:rcA.oxouc; xm C'>t.acpogcnxouc; xav6vEc;. 
87. 0 {3a8µ6c; n:agtµBaol)c; tou hT]µOOLOU toµfo O'tl}V JtClQOXi) UJtflQEOLCDV JtAOllYflOllc; <)LacpEQEL ar1µuvnxa 
µEtasu tWV EUQWJtU.LXWV XW(>WV. LE OQLOµtva XQOtfl µEAfl, ll JtCtQOXrl UJtflQEOLWV JtAOYllOfl<; EXFL 
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UJtQAAT)AOL. l:E aJ..J..a XQUtT) µEAfl, OL JtAOllYOL ELVaL autOaJtaoxoA.ouµEVOL JtOU avi]xouv OE 
OUVEtaLQLO'tLXEc; EVWOEL<; i) oµa6cc;, OL O:TCOLE<; OUXVU 6t.a8EtoUV XQflµUtOOLXOVOµLxi) i} AEL TOUQYLXi} 
autovoµl.a. Ax6µa xm ot11v JtEQLJtTWOfl auti), l1 Jtagtµ{3ao11 tou 6l]µ6owu toµfo EsaxoA.oufM va 
Ei.vm oT)µavnxi) 6oov acpoga TflV £x6oof1 a6EL<i>v, TflV xataQtLOTJ, tflV nµoA6yflOll xm tov xa0ogwµ6 
JtQOtUJtWV JtOLOtT)tac;. To xavovt.onx6 Jtl..ai.ot.o nou bt.t:rcet. nc; urtflQEOLE<; rrA.oi)yl)Ofl<; JtUQEXEL one; 
EVWOELc; JtAOT]YWV "eX btxaiov" aJWXAELOnxa bt.xmwµata, ta OJtOLU ouvi]Hwc; JtEQLOQL~OVlm OE tvav 
Ouy'KEXQLµtvo A.t.µtva xm OUi{VU ouvMoVlaL µE UJtOXQEWOELc; JtUQoxnc; ()11µ6owc; UJtflQWLm;, xm 
JtEQLOQL~EL tT]V EU8UVfl tWV JtAOflYWV OE JtEQLJttUJOfl atuxi}µatoc;. 
88. naQa to yeyov6c; 6n T) Enngon:i) bt.a8£tEL A.t.yc'>TE{_)n xm mo ox<'>{.>JtLn owt.xdn oxcnxci µr nc; 
Ul'tflQEOl.Ec; Q\Jµo\Ji.x\Jot); xm Ei.1tµEvtoµo\J, cpnl.vnuL trtL <TtflV Eu(_)<l>m1 tJJt(tgxmiv noJ..A,i:c; xm, 
JtOLXLAEc; ogyavwnxtc; c)oµE~. Km O'tflV JtE{_)LJtt(J)Oll (llllll, OL 11Jtlll_)COLE<; Jt<ll_)EX<Wt<ll dn: um'> H>V 
-28 -
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89. 'Ooov acpOQU w; UJtl}QEOLEc; QUµou/...xuo11c;, 11 JtUQOXrl tftoLCJJV UJtl]QEOL(llV UJtO toV <'>l]µt>OLO toµfo 
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ot11v ayoga xm 11 nagtµBao11 1ou b11µ6owu toµfo ouvr]Hwc; m~gwgl.tEtm otov t/...eyxo tl]c; tr1g11011c; 
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90. OL UJtl}QEOLEc; EAALµEvLOµou JtUQtxovtm aµrna an6 nc; ALµEvLxtc; avxtc;, CiJrl) £YXEXQLµ£vcc; nmgdec; 
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1813197, wr<JH. C-343195, Diego Cali & Figli Sri iWr<l Servizi eco/ogici porto di Genova SpA (SPEG), /t1/ r~1J/U>ITU'11fJdmt). 1'm 
to <'1.l)()l>o 86 Tnc; ~uvHi)x11c; 1'\r.v E<f1H{_)l.tl>~HHL <Jto EX tern v<'>p.ou 11ovoml1A.1.11 uvi:1.-v1im1vnxo11 1::A.tyxo11 1u· To oxrrrnx.1·1 c'm. 11 
C'.IQCuJTnQL('>Tntu uun\ uvi)xn mu l1c1mx<'1. ITl>ov<'>1.w1 rnu xvc'ttouc; mrn dvm Hl_>IH.><'>LO yw r11v rq_>()(mwi.n to11 OnA.<"uHJto11 
JtE(>Lf)ciA.A.ovrn<;. 
47 CJEC 10/12/91, urr68. C-179/90, Merci Convenzionali de! Porto di Genova xcm1 Gabrielli [1991] ECR-1-5923. 
48 CJEC 17/5/94, urr6fl. C-18/93, Corsica Ferries Italia Sri xcm1 Corpo dei piloti del porto di Genova, [19941 ECR-1-1824. 
-29 -
exµetaA.A.euoric; JtoQ8µdwv), hL6tL agvnHrixav omuc; avtaywvwttc; wuc; triv nvoof)aori or. 
oriµavnxec; A.LµEvLxec; eyxamotaonc; xm UJtl}QEOLec;.49 
93. H voµtxn autn taori ngoc; ouotriµanxotEQll ecpagµoyn twv xaw)vrnv tric; LuvHfixric; owv ALJtEVLXt) 
xA.abo rnHuYQaµµt~nm µe triv JtoAL nxi] tric; Eugrnna·(xi]c; 'Evrnoric; yw triv nvocil(-h1011 mu 
£xouyxvovLoµou xm tric; umm:f. .. rnµnnxt'nritac;, A.nµBC1vovtm; um>11n1 nc; <)WQflQ<1mxrc; d;rW;nc; nrn 
uvtuywvwµou or nuyxl'loµw x/...(µuxu xm triv uvc'tyxri trnv nmvwi>v vu rm<)Lli>xouv xnf...\nrv11 
JtOLOtTJta OE /..oyLxtc; nµtc;. Auto xaHtotatm nxt'lµl} mo oriµuvnxl'> frmv m xvr10trc; c)wOtmuv on1v 
nv(,d;ri JtEQLOQLOµtvec; huvatotritec; £mA.oync; µnasu A.Lµtvwv. 
94. nugc'.LA.A.riA.u µc touc; X<1Vl'>vt:c; uvtuywvwµou, ll AELlOUQYLU twv xuOumlnwv ALJtEVLX(l)V UJtlJQWL<l>V 
JtQEJtEL vu UVtUJtOXQLV£tUL <me; r1a0Lxtc; EAEUH£QL£c;. JtOU hLnmp<LAL~l>VTUL µc tri L'UVfhJXl] EK 
(eA.rnHEQLa eyxataotaoric;, cf...euHcQll hLaxtvrio11 trnv EQYa~oµtvrnv, twv uyaHci>V xm trnv un11vrnuiw). 
H Em tQo:rti] ocpdf...cL rnot6oo vo. ouvexnµi]on OQLOµtvec; anm ti]o£Lc; uoqlt/..cwc; xm unoxvccl>oELc; 
:cavoznc; hriµooLwv UJtllQEOLciJv nou ci;aocpa/..t~ouv tri ouvtxELa 111c; un11geotuc; xwgtc; vu r.wayouv 
c)LUXQLoctc; xa8ci>c; xm triv uvnµnwmori twv xataotaocrnv tx1ax1ric; nvayxw;. OL nvontgrn 
ouvwtwoec; µrcovd vu cmotcf...foouv Hcµrnluc; A.6youc; cmf)of...i]c; JtCQLOQLOJHi>V 6oov wpov<'t n1v 
n:goof)aori otriv ayova yw n1v nugoziJ trnv tcxvLxo-vaunxwv unrigwLcl>v. To µtycHoc; tou l .. Lµtvu, r) n 
r)e/... tLOtl} OQYUVCJJOll OQLOµEVWV UJtllQEOLWV, LbLCJJ<; be tWV TEXVLXO-VUUtLXCi>V, µm>Qel VU 
ouyxata/...t'yovtm atouc; nagayovn:c; nou xa8og(~ouv to JtEbLo ng6of)ao11c; 0111v ayogc1. 
95. EvtoutOLc;, xuvtvac; JtEQLOl>Loµoc; c)cv hLxmo/..oydtm avrn emcpuf...<'1i;c<JJV. Hvm am10uttrirn vn 
JtAllQOUVtm OL xuHovwµtvo1., <'>QOL xm JtQO'UJtoHtoeLc; 6oov U<:JJOQ(L Tll <plJOfl T<l)V JtEQLOQLOµ<i>v xm Tl]V 
<ti;LOA.6y11011 µwe; UJtfl(>Wtm; me; UJtllQCOLU<; "yEVLXOU OLXOVOJUXOll crnµcpl'.govtoc;". so Lto JtAULOLO 
uun), l1 Emtgonn Ha Ei;rt<'LOEL, r1<10cL tl']c; agxiJc; t11c; avaf...oyLx<'nl]t<tc;, xm<'L n<'>OOV OL L<)LOL on'>xm c)t:v 
Bu 1movoucmv vu cn:rn·:uxHuuv µe f...Ly(ncgo rrcgwgwnxtc; nguxnxb; iJ ux<'>JA.ll xwgl.c; xnOM ... ou 
7tEQLOQLOµouc;. Amincgoc; on'>xoc; d vm ouvcml>c; vu ouv<)uuo(-)o1Jv OL rm tuy{~c; nmp<'1At:wc; xm m 
unoxgrwanc; nugoxnc; <)11µ<>muc; un11grntuc; µ,c <)oµtc; ouµr1mtc; w: rn uvtffy<i>vwnx<'t µovtO..u. Aun'> 
r.vhdxvmm L<)Lwc; one; JtEQLJttci>CJuc; mm µta cmxdg11011 cxµnuf...A.Eunm un11grn(cc; JtOlJ qmi,n:wuv 
om nehto tou <lQHgou 90 111c; LuvHr)x11c; EK xm tam6xgova unrigrn(cc; xc1Haga cµnogLxiic; qJ'\JoccJ)c;51. 
96. LtL<; JtEQL:rttwoELc; nou 11 uf..A.11/..mthgaori µna~u trnv <)uvaµcrnv n1c; uyog<'1c; dvm JtEQLOQLO~t{~v11, 
:tgtnn va hoHd ngoooxiJ urn nµof...6yw mrn e<pagµo~cwtm o1nwc; <i>otr. vu <)wmpnA.wBrl. ()n m 
cmBuA.A.6µevcc; nµtc; dvm Mxmcc;, xagnxtrigt~ovtm emu <)wqltvcw xm nvtuvnxf...o\1v rn x(Hnrn; 
nuvoxnc; twv unrigcoLci>V. O µ11 ouoxnwµoc; rn>V rq>ngµo~oµevrnv nµo/...oyi,rnv xm trnv nugrx<'>Jt.FV(I)\' 
un11gwul>v Hu dvm L<)LULtEQU <)uoxo/..o vu <)Lxmo/...oyriHd nx('>1u1 xm !t.l' rn rrr1xrl.e1111n TlJs 
"un11vrntuc; ycvLxou mxovoµLxou ouµ<ptvovtoc;", (mwc; one; :rtrQLJtni>onc; 11.11 Jweox1'1c; p.wc; 
UJtflQEOLac; yw tl}v onoLa ~lltdtm wotooo 11 xmaf)of...n nf...11gwµiic;. Tu 01mxdu nunx urroygu1t1t(~ouv 
triv avayxri xataf..A.11/...ou Ef...tyzou an() nc; EfivLxtc; agxtc; nou dvm ugµ6<)Lrc; yLa 111v tyxgw11 ii rnv 
xuHogwµ6 tCJJV nµwv, outwc; coot£ va anocpruynm 11 UJtEQBOALXii ii xmaxv11onxii nµof...(>yl]Ol]. 
97. H autoc;uJtl]QEtflOfl, hrif... l>tUV OL XQiJOtEc; t(JJV ALµtvrnv c~ao<.paf..L~ouv OL L<)LOL YL<1 AOYUQL<Wµt'> rnuc; 
tvav ii JtEQL0061evouc; tunouc; UJtl']QEOLWV, Ha µJtOQOUOE OE ogwµtvcc; JtEQLJttwouc; vu Huog11Hd we; 
rvaA.A.axnxn A.1'011 yw triv JtaQoxiJ trnv un11geoLwv. H oriµaota 111c; cvaf...A.axnxi]c; autiJc; A.uo11c; ot11v 
JtQUsTJ E~aQtOtaL an6 lll cpuori tWV UJtO'l!Jll UJtl]QEOLWV xa8wc; xm an6 nc; L<)LaL TEQEc; tomxtc; 
ouvHi]xec;. fevLxa, oL JtEQLOQLOµo( Ha µnogouoav va 6LxmoA.oy11Houv µovo av ri nutod;1m11gt111011 
tllµLWVEL TTJV tnQllOll tWV JtQOtUJtWV aocpUAELac; iJ tl']V EXtEAEOll tWV UJtOXQECi>OEWV nngoxiJc; 
49 Am'>cpum121/12/93, Port ofR0dby, 94/119/EK, EEEC L 55/52, 26-2-94· Am)(pnm121/12/93, IV/34.689, Sea Containers xcm1 
Sealink, EEEC L 15/8, 18-1-94. M£ j"kmr1 rnv rrgonvmpEg6µEVl'J urr<.'l8w11C-18/93,11 Emrvorrtj E'X.(>LV£, ltE nrr(Hµcwn TT)~ 2111~ 
Oxto~~lou 1997, <'>n w fftlOTT)!tu £'X.JCt<i>OE<nv rnl nllv nµoA.oylrnv rrA.oiJyriorir; omv A.qttvu rrir; rEvoj~n~ t:l;nxoA.0110d. vn 
ELrn't'f£L hutX(!LCJEL<; xim'.t m1v<'tl1<10ri rrir; ~uvOiJxric; EK. 
5" Avuxolvrnori n1c; EmrvorriJc; oxEnxc'1 µE nr; UJtT)QEOLE<; xmviJc; (Otpt:A.Elnc; ouµtµ(:0ovrnr; mriv El10ciim1. COM (96) 443 TEAL'X.<'i 
tT)c; 11.09.1996. 
51 Itriv 1tl>ouvmµElx'>µEVl1 um'i8em1 C-179/90, to AL'X.CWTTJQLO arroqx!vOrixE Ql'JTci>c; 1)n m ·urrri0rni.Er; <JX lQTOE'X.lµ<'i0rrnorir; xm 
mmfi<mluc; C'>ev µrro(X n)v vu HecnvriHo\rv <•>c; UJtT)QEOL£r; yEVL'X.ou mxovoµLxou mi1t<J>EQovmr;. 
-30 -
c)t]µootac; urtl)grni,ac; xm µovo oto Ba8µo rtou dvm un:oA.utrnc; uvuyxuim yw trtv artmgorc:i1 tEtoLrnv 
xtvbwwv. 
Ot bptv1.xi; \J11:f1QE6L£S 1EQE11:£1. va 8EroQ1160U-v ro; avanomta<J'tO 'tµt]µa 'tO\J (JtJ(J'tt)µa'to; 
9al.aool.(l)v pe'taq>oQrov 6tboµ£vov ou ei.vm anaQal:t11n; yut 't1JV ouOt] l.et·t0vQyi.a av'tov 'iov 
'tvnov pnaq>oQrov xm avµ~al.i.ovv ae µeyal.o ~a9µo 6't1JV an:ouJ..rnµauxt] xm aaqia).t] xut1011 
'trov l.1.pev1.xrov xm vavul.1.axrov vnoboµrov. Ot 'tQtxovoe; n:uax'ttx£; t6rooav l.a~t) yta xo:'tayyel.i.e; 
£)( µiQov; XQ1JO'trov xm EV bvvaµEt n:avoxrov 'tEtOl(J)V \J1EflQE<Jtrov yta 1.!11:0'tt9tµ£v£; :rmu«l'aaet; 'ttlS 
:Evv8t)x11; EK, ot on:oi.e; el;na~ov'tm ot)µeua xa'ta n:eui.n:'troo11 mto 'ttl\' Evuro:ria°ixt) E:rit'tQO:rtt], 
xa9<0; xm yta an:oxl.i.vov'.t« nuo'tv:ria aoq>aA.eta; xm nototfl't«S trov v:ri11ueouov. 
5.5.Avattl'tflGfl vtrov xanv0uva£rov 
98. ME r1c'.LOTJ tu. u.vwttgco, hLcl<f!OQEc; EVctAAuxnxtc; A.uonc; dvm mHuvtc;. Am'> trt µLu JtAEUQ<'l, lJ Emtgorti1 
Hu µrcogouoe vu ouvczLou trtv Jtgootyywrt rc:ou uxoA.ouHd m)µrgu, <"itJA. vu t:i;nc't~n xc'tOr xmuyyrA.in 
xut(t rtEQLJttlOOTJ, crnvcxnµ<i>vtuc; nc; uvcottgco Jtagaµttgouc;. 8u upugpl>~n nc; c"ium'ti;nc; n1c; 
LuvHnxric; EK, xm t,c)l,cJJc; 10uc; xCJ.v<'>vrc; uvtuyrnvwµou, otov /...t,p,t:vLxl> x/J1<">0, CJ.qd1vovtw; nc; w"iLXi-'.c; 
xuvovwnxtc; guHµiouc; yw trtV ogy<'LVCJJ<Jrt trnv UJtrtQEOLCDV crnnf>V vu UVUJttUCJOOVtm OE tOJHX(,), 
JtEQL(f)EQEWXO n tHVLX(J EJttJtcc)o Otu XQUtT) µEAT). 
99. LUµJCArtQWµu.nxci OtrtV Xuta JtEQLJttWOTJ JtQOOEYYWTJ, 8a µrtOQOUOE va d;naoHd to Evc)EXOµevo 
uv<'..tArt'4JTJc; xmvonxnc; hg<'wrtc; UJtt) trt µogcpn cvoc; xavovwnxou JtAUWLOU to OJtOlO Ha HwmaAd OE 
xmvonxo mLm:ho µc cm'>zo trt 01m1riµunxn uJtcf...cuAtgrnort tric; uyog6r; 1cl)v f...LµrvLxci>v \JJtrtt_>roul>v 
moue; µt~/uf...uttgouc; A.Lµi:vt:c; c)wflvouc; xuxA.mpogiuc;, A.uµfktvovrnc; tmm'>zvovu c)u'>Vt(J)c; um'nprt n; 
urtm tnouc; u.oql1/..nuc; xm nc; uJtozgcwonc; nu.goxnc; c)rtµoowc; uJtrtvrnLuc; rc:ou cruvMovnu t,c)w( tEQU 
µc nc; uzvLxo-vcrnnxtc; 1mrtgrniec;. Lto Jtf...alow auto, Ha XQEwoHd vu d;nuaHouv oL mxovoµLx{'.c; 
xm xoLvwvLxtc; ouvtrc:ntc; Jtou Hu txn rt tgorc:oJtoirtOTJ twv uqium't1u:vcnv xuArnninrnv ALµcvLxti>V 
UJtl]QWLWV. 
I 00.'Evu tEtOl.O XUVOVWtLXl'> JtAUl(Jl,O OUVEJtayEtm 1Yj Hfomort OE XOLVOTLXll [JtlJtEc)o x(mmrnv fA<'tXLCJt(t)V 
um1Ltt)ounv e.'><JOV <L<f1ogcJ. tu EJtuyyEf...µu.nxci Jtgooe.'wtu xm nc; um1vrni.rc; 1wv JT<tQ<'>xc1lV n:xvLxo­
vuunxwv unrtgeoui>V, <'m(J)c; OL Jtf...oriyo( xm oL EJHXELQt)onc; puµouA.xtHn1c; xm rf...f..Lµrvw1wt'J, m 
q~cc; vu B<10L~ovtm t<'>oo Ot(J. mnyyef...µanxa EJtlJtEc)ct xm JtQt>11JJtCl mrn WXlJOUV nc"irt (JT(( XQ<'nrt 
µ~~TJ ooo xm one; tgi:xmim:c; ri;rA.L~nc; Jtou f...nµBavouv x<i>t_>ct cnov rn1tfo ffUttl mo Jtf..ui.ow trnv 
hu~Ovcov ogyuvwµci>v. Atm'> Ou ou~tB<tAEL CJtrtV rvloxuort trnv rv f...<'lyw rmJt{'.c)wv xm rc:gm\1mnv or 
t'>f..ouc; touc; ALµtvEc; hu·:Hvouc; xuxf..olpot_>Luc;, d;u.ocpaf...(~ovmc; xm'nun'l rnv tQtlrc:o n1v ti1v11011 
xutc'.tf..f..rtf..wv rtgoc'>wyvmpciJv umpc'.tf...Ewc; oc 6f...ri i:rtv KoLvotrtnt, xm rmJtAt'ov Ho. <'nn1xof...\M'L 111 
htu.XLVTJOTJ twv cgyu~oµtvrnv xm trtv m.tgoxn twv uJtTJQEOLwv aunov orn roco1cgLxtl trtc; Kmve.'m1tuc;. 
I 01.To xavovwnxo nf...al.ow Ha µrcogouoe mLoric; va n:goBf...£nEL xmvouc; xavovec; ooov acpoga tTJV 
JtgooBaori otriv ayoga A.LµevLxoJv uJtrtQEOLwv, A.aµf)avov1u.c; c)e(>vtrnc; urto'\J'rt tu nc">Lxa 
zagu.xtrtQLOtLX.6. trtc; UrtO'l!Jll u.yog<'1c;. Ltoxoc; ea d vm va esaoqiuA.wHd rt uvnxELµEVl,X('>tT)ta, ll 
hwcpavna xm TJ 6.veu hwxgioEwv hwsu.ywyn trtc; ngooBu.ortc; otrtv uyogc1, ouvcxnµcovmc; 
JtUQUAAT)Aa touc; JtEQLOQLOµouc; JtOU wxfouv 01ouc; µcµovwµtvouc; ALµl'.VEc;. ~ec)oµtvou on ogwµtvOL 
JtQUXtLXOL JtEQLOQWµoi, cmB6.f...Aovtm onµtga XUQtWc; yw f...6youc; uoqiaf...nu.c;, xm unayogeuovtal 
nof...f..tc; cpogtc; aJt6 ta Lbw( tEQa ycwygacpLxa xagaxtTJQLOtLxa 1rnv ALµtvwv, d vm iowc; anagaL tritri ll 
emBof...n x6.rtoLwv :itegwgwµwv ooov acpoga 1riv ng6oBaori otrtv ayogc:'.t. 
I 02.fw nc; d;mgenxtc; JtEQLJttcbonc; oJtou rt JtgooBaori OE µLa uJtrigrniu um'>xELnu otrtv nvnyvci>QL<Ttl -
ouzv<'t µtow EXXWQrtOrtc; hLxmrnµ(muv ·n XOQflYrtOrtc; abELWV- µe.'wo JtEt_>LOQWµ.tvou C1QLHµut'l Jto.gt>xwv' 
dvm an:agahrito va ngoBf...eqJHd µw oubEtEQTJ, avtLxELµevLxi} xm c)t,uqJavnc; bt,ac)Lxaol,u cmA.oync; 
outwc; WOtE vu. U.JCO<pEuyovtm Ol, hLUXQLOELc;. LtLc; JtEQLJttU>Onc; auttc;, abELcc;, xm Lblwc; 
uJtoxf..cwnx6. htxmci>µurn, JtQEJtn vu. m1gnxwgouvtm µovo yLu tvu m:gwt_>wµtvo xgovLxt> c)Laotrt~lCl 
to OJtOLO, µctu.su (.tf..f..wv' V<J. tm tQCJttl XUVOVLxn aVUXlTJOrt lCt)V FJtEV<)ll<JE(JJV. Qt, l!JtOXQC<tlCJELc; 
m1voznc; hriµt>owc; uJtrtt_>roluc; Ou Jtgi:Jtu mLortc; vu um'>xnv1m or <"iixmouc; <'>t_>orn; olry<'tv<1l011c;. rr.x. 
µtow trtc; Atomortc; rv<'>c; cnm1n11utoc; µr to oJtoio (lAOL m ((lOl_)d.c; rxpnc'1/..A.nHJl1c; A.qtrVLX(tlV 
uJtoboµwv xm urtTJQWL<i)v Hu uJttxouv cuf...oyo xm hLxmo µtvoc; n1c; um>xvfrnm1c; rc:uvoxi1r; ouvrx<i>v 
UJtrtQEOLWV n µtow -rrtc; EXXWQrtOrtc; {)t,xmwµatwv ii XOQllYrtm1c; cibnuc;, xat6mv Xut(1)J .. rtA.t1c; 
hwhLxaolac; emf..oync;, oe tvav µovo cpogta txµn~A.f..cuortc; µc 1rtv cmcpuf...asrt i:rtc; nagoxnc; hrtµoOLac; 
-31 -
UJtT}Qealac; xm tvavn ano~T}µlwoT}c; yw nc; 1ux6v JtQ6o8ew; bam1vec; Jtou ouvmaynm µw tttow 
unoxQtrooT}s2. ~toxoc; EL vm va d;ampa/..w8ouv blxmoL 6goL avtaywvwµou µna;u twv cpogtwv 
EXµeta)J .. euoT)c;, 1600 trnv briµooLwv (>oo xm twv LbL<unxcbv, qmrn)l,~ovmc; 00w~1tvouc; <po0dc; va 
rrq,?wgloouv tT}V ngoar1uo11 trnv ((J..J .. rnv qJogtrnv orn A.L y61cvo XEQ<'>rnp<'lvu t~uiµnm tT}c; nyovc1c;, yw 
Jt<lQCl<)EL yµa Otl]V JtUQOXlJ trnV 'UJtT}QEOLCi>V tl] VUXtu. 
103. TEA.oc;, Ha JtQEJtEL va E;naoHd to evhExoµevo HtomoT}c; OQwµtvwv ycvLxcbv agxwv yLa tva ouotT}µa 
xQtworic; twv A.LµevLxwv UJtllQEOLciJv outwc; wotE va e~aocpaA.wHd on oL emBaA.A.6µevcc; nµtc; 
avrnvax/..ow to xootoc; tT}c; XQiJ011c; twv unoboµwv xm twv nagex<>µcvwv UJtllQEOLwv. Tu oxenxC! 
xuHwnimt XQE(J)<JT}c; t(J)V A.LµEvLxci>v UJtl]QEOL<i>v nvtnn vu d;nnoHoiiv ow nA.uf.mo Tou 
JtQOtELvoµcvou ycvLxou JtA.uwl,01J yw tu A.LµrvLxc't t(:A.l1 <'m(J)c; {:xn it<'>r1 m:0LYQ<Hpd mo Kt:q1<'tA.<Lw 4. 
0JtOLa<)i)n:otE BiJµutu umJ..cuHtgrnoT}c; Hu rcvtmL vu yi,vouv Ot<l<)LUX<'.t oth(l)c; (l)fftE 0 xA<'t<'>oc; vu (:xn 
ugxet6 zgovo vu JtvoouvµooHd. 'Evu tEtoLo nA.alow hev Ha ~llµLci>OEL OE xu~ti.u m0i.ntwor1 111v 
ul;wA.oy11011 ex µtgouc; tllc; Em TQOJti)c; tuxov xatayyeA.Lwv rrou um>(ictl..Aovtm oe µrµovrnµ(:vcc; 
1t£Qtn:tcbouc; µe Bao11 touc; xav(>Vec; avtayrnvwµou. 
:EvJml.11eropauxa <r'tfJV xa'ta 1tEQt1t'troa11 1tQoaiyyta11 1tov axo).ovOdt:at at]µEQ«, Oa p1tOQOVCJE va 
«VCl1t'ttJX8£i. £va XUVOVl(J'ttXO 1tAUt(JtO 0£ XOl\'O'tlXO £1tl1t£60 'tO 'onoi.o Ou U1tO~J..t1tEt O'tt) 
6VO't1IJ.&Cl'tl.XO't£@11 wt£AEV0EQ(l)(J1) 'tt); ayova; A.tµEvtxrov V1tt)Q£0lWV O'tou; µtyaJ.. tJ'tEQOu; J..tµtVE; 
lh.t9vov; xvxl.oq>oQi«; 1tQOXEtµ£vou va E1ttnux0Ei., tv'to; . t\JJ..oyou xeovtxot'.> btaa'tt)µa'to;, tva 
1tt6i.o 6eaa~ mi. ioot; ovoa.; µt'ta!;t'.> 'tow xoa.vonxrov ).tµtvrov a/.J .. a xm o'to f:oronaa.xo 'tou;, 
t;aoq1cd.i.~ov<t«; nueaJ..J..11J..a 'tt)V 'tl)Q11011 'trov 1tQO'tt'.>nrov u6q>altm; o'tou; J..iµtvt; xm (J'tfl 
Oal.aaaa. To vio av'to nl..ai.6to b£v Oa ~t)f.UWvEt µt xttvtvav 'tQ01to 'tt)V a!;toJ..Oy11a11 Ex µiaou; 'tt); 
Ent'tQ01'qc; 't\JXOv xa'tayy£i.trov 1tou u1tol'aJ..A.ov'tat oe µeµovroµtvc; 1tEQt1t'troota.; µ£ fJa61J 'tOu; 
XClVO\'£~ ClV'tU'Y(J)VLOµOtJ. 
l:'toxo; 't(J)V pf'terov ant~EuOiaroo11; 'tt); ayoua; J..tµtvtxrov U1tt)Qrntrov Ou dvm va El;aoqiaJ..tufh~i 
(l\'01.X'tl) 1tQOOIJ«a11 CJ'tt}V ayoea l.tµEVLXWv U1tt)QECJtWv µiaro X<t'tUAAt)A(l)V µqxnvtoµrov Xat 
a1tat'tl)aerov 1tOV Oa xaaaxt:t)Qi.~ovmt a1to bta<paveta xm btv Ou no<iyouv btaxQi.ou; xnOco; xm 
OQtOµtvrov «QXWv XQtWa1);, xa60Qt~OV'tu; 1tUQaAAt]A« tva XU'tctAAflAO n/...nioto EX1tl..1}QW01); 'tmv 
v1toxoeroaerov 1t«@ox1); b11µ061.rov u1tt)Q£atrov, omv xuivov'tm «1tnQni'tqn;, xm 'ttJQ11011; 'trov 
1tQO'tV1t(l)V aaq>al.tta;. Q;-«V«1tO(J'tU(J't0 t:µt)µa 't(l)V µt'tQ(l)V auuov, Oa 1tQE1tEt va 0E01tlCJ60tJV (JE 
XOLVO'tl.XO £1tl1'£60 Xa1tOtE; EV«QpOVtOµ£vec;, tJ 'tOUAaXtO'tOV £AaXtCJ't£;, 1tQ00l«"(QClq>E; ()OOV «q>OQa 
'tt)V xu'taQ'tt.01) xm 'tu tnuyyt:J..µunxa 1tQoaov'ta 'tou neooromxot'.> xm ·wv xa11otµonoiot'.>µt:vo 
El;o1tl.toµo. Atrtt) 1) bi<rµt) µt'tQ(l)V ea aq>OQa tbi.ro; 'tt; nxv1.xo-vaunxi; U1tt)Q£(Jt£c;, J..oyro ClXQt~ro; 
t:ou ~ronxo\J 'tou; eolou a'tt)V anon:A.eaµanxt) xm uoqiaA.t) XQ1]61) 'trov l..tµEvtxrov xat vauul..taxrov 
un:oboµci>v. 
Atboµtvou roaroao t:ov E'tEQOyEvot'.>; X«Q«X'ttJQ« 'trov EV J..Oyro U1t1JQEatrov xm 'trov bta<pOQE'ttxrov 
XUQU~'tt)Ql.O'ttXWv 't(l)V A.tµtvrov (mto a1tOtV1) µey£0ouc;, QOAOU Xat "(E(l)"(Q«q>tXWV auv9qxrov), EtVat 
Cl1tClQUL't1J'tO vu Ut08£'t1)0d µa.a btaq>OQ01t0tt)µEV1) 1tQOOE"("(l(J1) 'tt); aneleuOivroa11; 't(l)V bt«q>OQWV 
'ttJ1t(J)V AlJlE'YlXWv U1tt}QEUtWv Xat va yivu 1tQO~AEtV1) yt« xanott:; ufn.xt; X<l'tCl(J'taou;, 
avµneeiA.aµJ'avoµtv11c; 'tt); buva'tO'tt)'tu; xoet]y11a11; E~atQfoerov 6£ OQtoµtn; btxmoJ..oyqµi:VE; 
nee1.n'trooetc;. 01totab1]non ~t)µa'ta antl.tu8tvroo11c; Oa 1tQE1tEt va yivouv 6'tabtaxa won o xJ..<ibo; 
vu txe1. «QX£'tO xeovo vn 1tQOO«Qµoa9Ei.. 
II Qf)axJ..11011 u1101Jolt]; oxoJ..t(J)V 
}.:n'>zoc; t11c; JtUQOUOuc; I1v<'10Lvr1c; BL(iA.ou dvm vu <'>voµoA.oy110d {:vw; rvrvy<')c; <'>Lc'tA.oyoc; pr Tll <H!Jqtrrnx1'1 
wu LUµ()ouA.tou tT}c; Euvom<t'Lxitc; 'EvrnoT}c; xm t<.ru Euvcmtct'Lxm'i Kmvof·)miA.i.m1, n1c; 0Lxovop.txi1c; xm 
KoLvcovLxi)c; EmtQon:i)c; xm n1c; Emtgon:i)c; twv nq_wpcgwi.>v, trnv ALµrvLxcf>v nvxc1>v, ALµ.rvLx<f)V xm 
VUUtLAWXWV cpogewv xm AOLJtCJJV EVhLa<pEQOµevrnv µEQCt>V, xaHwc; xm mayycA.µanxcbv OQYUVCtJOE(l)V xm 
ovyuvciJoewv n:ou exn:goornn:ouv ta xoLvwvLxa ouµcpegovta tou xA.a<'>ou. KuA.ouvtm ox(>ALU xm um)~inc; 
Gt( ()AWV trov 8EaEWV JtO'U hLatUJtWVOVtaL Otl]V JtaQOUOU ngaoLVl] Blj1Ao. 
-32 -
Tu axoA.ta TCQEJtEt va arcoataA.ouv O'tllV Euewrca'l'.xt1 EmtQOTCtl, tO OQYO'tEQO µEXQl. 'tllV In ATCQLALOU 
J 998, OTTJV E~l)~ bteu0vvari: European Commission, DGVII D/4, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels to the 
attention of Mr Aragon Morales (fax: +32 2 2953076 I e-mail: ports-green-paper@dg7.cec.be). 
-33 -
Il «QUQ'tf1fUI I 
Ot A.tµtvec; tTJc; EugwJta·Lxi}c; 'Evworic; avtavaxA.ouv tTJV JtotxtA.oµogcpl,a tT)c; EuQti>JtTJc; ooov acpoQ6. tTJ 
ye<Dygacp(a, tTJV xatavoµi} tou JtAT)8uoµou aA.A.6. xm ta en:LJ'teba xm rnuc; tun:ouc; otxovoµtxwv 
<'>l_><lOtTJQtoti}twv. nagaxatw Jt£QLYQ<lcpovtm ta A.tµevtx6. ouoti}µata trnv teooagwv Bamxwv 
fktA.aootwv JtEQL<pegnwv outwc; wote vu bo8d µta ouvo:rtnxi} etxova mu A.tµevtxou xA.abou xm twv 
:rtQoon:nxwv mu, va Jtgoobwgto8ouv ogtoµtva a:rt6 ta oT)µavnxoteQa mhl,a A.tµevtxi}c; avamut;ric; xm 
vu :rtl_>oetotµno8d to thmpoc; yw. nc; µeAA.ovnxtc; xmvonxtc; :rtgwrnBouA.l,ec;. 
H BuA. nxiJ 0aA.aaaa UJtoteA.d µtu JtEQL<pEQeta TJ on:o(a btEQXEtat oriµavnxtc; uAA.uytc; xm µnu(imtxi1 
:;n:Qtoho. To avotyµa tT)c; AvarnA.txi}c; Eugwn:T)c; JtQO<J<pEQEL vtec; rnxmQtEc; yta eµJtogtxtc; ouvaAA.aytc; 
xm µetaxtvi}aetc;. To 1996, o oyxoc; twv bga<JtTJQLOti}twv twv xotvonxwv A.tµtvwv :rtou Bgtoxovtm otriv 
;reQtcptgeta auti} <JT)µe(woe ausTJOTJ xata 10,5%53 oe oxtori µe to 1993. Luµcprnva µe exnµi}oetc;, m 
()tcHvdc; µetacpogtc; 8a ausT)Houv xata 65% mgl,n:ou µEXQL to 2010. Ot Haf...aoatec; µetacpoQ(~c; 
:tuQOUOLU~OUV <JT)µavnxec; C'>uvatOTT)tEc; avamusTJ<; OtTJV :rtEQL<pEQELa auti} ckhoµtvou (m, yta 
'/EOJygacptxouc; A.6youc;, TJ Ba/... ttxi} 86./...aooa ouxva JtQOO<pEQEL nc; ouvrnµotEQEc; ohouc;. Ta f...tµevtxa 
ouoti}µata twv xwgwv rcou e(vm µEATJ tTJ<; Eugwn:a·Lxi}c; 'EvwoT)c; xagaxtTJQLtovtm an:o µeyaf...o agt8µo 
A.tµtvrnv µtxgou xm µeoal,ou µeyteouc; (BA.. nagaQtT)µa II xaQtll l ). H esetfaxrnori twv f...tµtvrnv xm ri 
ouveQyaal,a µetasu touc; Ha µJtOQouoe va dvm ll J...uon yta triv an:ot'ef...eoµanxotcQTJ at;wn:ol,11on 1wv 
JtOQWV. fta va avnµnrnmoHrl, ll huvnnxi} avamus11 TWV Haf...aoatrnv µETmpOQWV' O'tllV n:EQLqlEQELa auti} 
Hu JtQE:rtEL va bo0et JtQOtEQatotrita OtTJV an:oteA.eoµanxotEQTJ ouvbeo11 xm evon:otTJOTJ twv f...tµevwv, xm 
LC'>twc; t(JJV Atµtvwv JtOU htaXLVOUV oriµavnx6 6yxo t(JJV btE8vwv µetmpOQWV, µe ta zegoal,a µtau 
µcrncpogac; xm otriv avamusri twv ouotriµatwv EDI. 
H mgt<PEQEta tnc Bogdou 8af...aooac JtUQouot6.tet tTJ µeyaf...utEQll ouyxtvtQWOTJ Bwµrizuvtci)v xm 
;r/ .. riHuoµou otriv 'Evwoll. To yeyovoc; auto EXEL oacpi} avttxturro tooo one; xegoatec; ooo xm aw; 
HuA.aootec; µnacpogtc;. MtouJ trnv A.tµtvrnv tllc; BoQdou 86./...aoouc; (0/.... nuQc'1QtTJµu II -zciQtTJ 2) 
()wxtvdtm to 50% tou ()yxou tcov (fof...aoatcov µnmpol_)cov tTJc; EE, rx tmi o:rtotmJ n:q~t:rtou rn l)~twu 
ouvtotatat OE UJtEQJtOVttEc; µnmpoQtc; um> xm :rtQoc; n1v Eugcimri (fit.... fluQ<'t0nnw II -x<i0n1 6). To 
I 996, o oyxoc; twv <">QaOtllQLOti}1cov trnv f...tµtvcuv n:ou BQt<Jxovtm otriv JtEQL({ll-:0w1 n un'1 mn1.ri.<1lor 
UU~l10ll xata 6% OE oxtori µe to 1993. ngoBAtn:etm on 'Y) Haf...aoota XUXA04JOQL<1 on1v n:E(>L(fl{Ql'W cwn'1 
Hn et;axof...ouHi}oet va avamuoonm xm to µEyaf... utego µtgoc; 111c; nvamut;ric; autl)c; nvn~trvrnu vn 
ouvhtnm µE ta EµJtOQEuµatoxtf)cima. Aoyw t'Y)c; ouyxtvtgrnoric; tric; xuxf...mpogtuc;, ogwµtvr~ ouvc)fon; 
µe tT)v ev6oxwga avnµetwn:l,~ouv n:goBA.iJµata buvaµtxo111tac; xm ou~tcpOQTJOTJt;, ta on:ol,a ouv(ornvrnt 
~tCif...Aov OE OtEVtl>OEL<; t'Y)<; QOftt; :rtaga OE XEVU tou OUOtl)µatoc; µeta<pOQWV. nagaAJ..11/...a µe T'Y)V avayxri 
f1EA tLCUOTJc; tllc; rcototT)tac; xm i:ric; <'>uvaµtxotritac; tcuv obtxwv xm otbrigohQoµtxcov btxruwv, :rtgtmt va 
<'mHEL JtQOOOXft, OJtOU EL VCl.L buvm<>v' Ot'Y)V avamus11 JtEQWOOtEQO tWV EOWTEQLXWV JtAWtWV µnacpOQ(OV 
xm tltJv tQocpobonxwv YQaµµwv :rtaQa twv XEQOatltJv µna<pOQ(OV. Em:rtf...fov, rro/...Aoi, an:o wuc; f...tµtve~ 
TTJc; JtEQL<pEQELac; auti}c; UJtOXELVlat OE JtEQLOQWµouc; JtOU txouv oxton µE T'Y)V JtaALQQOLa. Ta XUQLOtEQa 
J£l.mBA.iJµata ouv~fovtm µe to BaHoc; twv bLauf...wv n:g6oBaoric; xm tltJV ayxugoBof...l,wv, to o:rtol,o acpoga 
rn JtovtoJt6Qa n:A.ota, xm µe to n:f...atoc; twv ubgocpgax-rwv, to on:oi,o acpoga la oxacpri axtonf...o"Cac;. 
To huvato 011µdo tWV fktf...(HJOL(l)V µnuqK>QCDV OtTJV JtWLWfoELU tou Atf...nvnxou tyxnnu on~ sEU~CL~ 
µnacpoQltc; xub11v cpOQtLOU µe <lAAU µEQll trtc; Eugwrcric; XUL tov U:rtOAOLJtO x<'>oµo. H xuxf...mpOQLU :rtou 
auvc)eEtat µE tT) µetacpogci xuc)'Y)V <fJOQtLOU avnJtQOOW:rtEUf.L 77% TOU OUVOALXOU XUXAOU egyamwv xm 
ouvi}Hwc; el;uJtT)Qetd nc; Bugttc; Bwµ11xavi,ec; :rtou Bgtoxovtm xovta ornuc; f...tµtvr~. 
<JUµJtEQLAaµfktvoµtvwv twv <)L UALOt'Y)QL(l)V' tWV 'Y)AEXtQOJtagaywytxcov OtnHµwv xm T(l)V xriµtX{t)V 
q~yootaotwv. El;UJtTJQEtEL mtoric; tov yewQytxo xf...aho xagn yw nc; ewo.yrnytc; ~wotgo({i<i>v xm nc; 
Ei;uywytc; bT)µlltQLUXWV. A:rtOTEAEL t'Y) Baori yta tY)V avamus11 TWV EµJtOQEUµanxwv µnacpogwv 
yevtx6tega. '1eboµtvou on ouvhfovtm 01ev6. µe nc; Bwµ11xavLxtc; xm yEwgytxtc; bgaotTJQLOt'Y)tec;, ot 
f...tµtvEc; bLabgaµatil;ouv oriµavnxo gof...o yta ttiv otxovoµl,a 111c; :rtEQL<pEQetac;. To 1996, o 6yxoc; trnv 
SJ Tu CIQL0µrrnx<i O'tOLXElU 1tOU 1t<l(lEXOYr<1L <HO 1tUQOV m1g<l(l'tTJµ<l 'X<lL O'tOU~ X<l(l't£~ mu nct(l<i(l'tT)µmo~ II OXl'tL'XCl 1u: TOV 
X.lmAO EQYUOLWv 't<OV A.Lµ£vcov dvm OtoLXELU 1tOU EXOUV 1J1tOfk'1hL m 'X(l<lTTJ µ0 .. TJ. 
-34 -
hQ<.lOll)Ql.OttltW'V t(t)'V A.tµEvrov lOU AtA.avtLX.OU 011µdwot au;non X.UtC1 5,5% :rtEQlJtOU OE OXCCTl') µ£ to 
1993. Evtoirtotc;, OL A.LµtvEc; tytc; 1tEQL(f)EQELac; autitc; (~A. nag6.Qtl}µa II X<lQtl] 3) OUOXOAEUOVtUL va 
hLUtl')QtlOOUV ta Ol')µEQLVU E:rtL.7tE0<1 x.uxA.ocpogi.ac; X.UL .7tUQOU<JLC1~0UV :rttl_)LOQLOµ{:vcc; huvcm'>tl]tEc; 
mtx.tuol}c;, x.uei.wc; bt6n <)Ev txouv nc; i.bttc; ayoQtc; oute tu L<)Lu mi.:rtt<'><t :rtA.riHuoµou µc rx.ei.vu :rtou 
f.Vt0.7tL~OVtat OE CtAAE<; tµi)µum trt<; 'Evwoytc;. Ogayµan, one; .7tEQWOfrtq_>t:c; :rtCQL:rtt<f>octc;, rt .7tl_>UYJ.t<m:x.i) 
cvhoxwga touc; bev U:rtEQBULVEL tet 200 XAµ. u:rt<'> tl]V ux.ti). 'Eva nm'> tu rimJLx.<)tt:QH :rtgori/..:r)µutu trnv 
A.tµEvwv amcbv ti.vm Tl uve:rtUQX.tl<; CTuvC'>eori µe to otgatl}ytx.6 hi.x.tuo xcgoui.cov µetacpogwv x.m Tl 
EAAEL'\l'll btabg6µrov µetacpogac; otov a.;ova avatoA.l]-Mon. 
H :rtEQL<PEQELa tnc MeooyEi.ou Ei.vm Lbtai.tega :rtoA.uowfletl) x.m rragouoLa~EL :rtmx.(.J...cc; avnHtow;. 
Ll)µWi>VEL tEQCtOtLE<; hwcpogtc; x.A.Lµux.uc;, UVWttU};l]c; X.<LL qutOQLX.Cl)V oxtoccnv' OL o:rtoi.r.c; x.u0L<Jto1rv 
L<'>WltEQC1 Oytµavnx.i) tl)V UVU:rttU;l) X.UL tl) OUVOXtl yLU to µeyaAUtEQO tµt)µU tl)c; JtEQLq>EQWtr; m1tl]c;. 
fEVLX.Ct, OL ALµEVE<; Tl}<; MrnoyELOU (f)A.. nagag"tytµa II XcIQ"tE<; 4 X.OL 5) rcagouOLa~ouv UITTEQT)Ol) 0£ oxr011 
µE touc; fk)QELOU<; avtayWVLOtEc; touc; 6oov acpog6. w; ErcEVMOEL<;, tl)V nµoA.6yl)Ol), tl)V arcotEAEOµanx.t1 
hu1zdQLOll x.m nc; buvut6t11tec; uA.tx.l]c; :rcg6of3aonc; one; µey6.A.ec; cugrnmi"Cxtc; uyogtc;. To 1995, o fr1x.o~ 
l(l)V bQUOtl)QLOti)twv t(J)V ALµtvwv :rcou f\QLOX.OVtaL Otl)V 1tEQLcpEQW1 UU'tl) Ol)µdrnoe uut;non X.ff'[('t 4,4% 
;n:gi.rcou (f)A.. nagagtl)µU II x<igtl) 6) OE OXEOT) µE to 1990. Ta tEAEU'taLU XQ(>VLU, Oll)V J[fQLqlfl_)f.LO. tt)c; 
M rnoyei.ou rcagatl)QEL tm u;wol)µci.onl) av6.:n:tusn tl)c; µetacpoguc; rµrcovrnµmox.tBrnti.rnv, µu1 tc'1m1 11 
orroi.u dvm oucptc; 6n Hu ouvcxwHd. ngox.etµtvou va bt.euxoA.uvfki. TJ nvc'mtu~ll <rntt11nc; x.1ix.A.mpovi.uc;. 
rrvtrceL va bo0ti. ngoooxt1 Otl)V rcA.ngfotEQll evowµatwon 1wv A.tµtvwv otriv UA1'0L<'>u tcuv µttuqiovll>v. Tu 
J1EtQU rrou A.a~avovtm rcgoc; uutl] tl)V x.ateuHuvon fla rcgt:rteL va txouv me; ot6xo 1nv mO. .. 1'0l) trnv 
ovyuvwnxcbv x.m AELtOUQYLX.<DV :rcgof3A.nµatCJJV one; ALµEVLX.E<; ~(t>Vcc;, ll'}V nvamusn ALµEVLX.WV 
ouot11µc'mnv 1tAT)QO<poQLcJ>V x.m uA.tx.otexvt.x.t1c; urcoboµi)c; rcou va dvm ouµfinta µc tu uv1l.otmxu 
ouoti)µata twv xegoai.rov bt.x.tuwv x.m tl')V rcgocb0rion tric; axto:rcA.o'Cuc;, µc tl)V :rcgoorctLXtl t.<'>l.rnc; ll)<; 
cvt.oxuo11c; twv otx.ovoµLx.wv oxtaEwv µEnc; xcbgec; tl)c; :rtEQL<pEQELac; rcou <'>ev dvm µtA.ll tnc; EuQrnmt"Cxl]c; 
'Evwol)c;. Kat'aut6 tOV tg6rco, ea Erct.teux8ei, a'Usl')Ort tOU OLaX.LVOUµEVOU 6yx.ou µetmpogcbv x.m tWV 
rcoooatcbv XQfJOl}<; Trov A.t.µEvwv Otl)V mgLcpEQELa auti). 
-35 -
nAPAPTHMA II 
XAPTEI AIMEN!lN* 
• XEPIAIO AIKlYO 
--- f pawic:; TptV(i)V IJ&V<iNlc:: TOxUnftOC:: 
+ + + r~ nou npd1e&1Ta1 va av~ y1a'Tptva IJ&Y~T<JXlrnJTOC:: 
-- IulJParu<tc:: m&,~1etc:: Y~C:: 
: • • • • • • • • • • . . • . rlpoypa1J1JanoptV&c:; ouµpar~ yp<Jt.lptc:; 
OAOI 
Yncip~ 
• • • • • • • npovP<JIJIJOTlCJJ.tt~ 
Eoc.uc~ rWa>T£<; oOOC 
* To Kptujpto oro onolo (3aolor17Ke 11 ouµnepfNJl/JTJ ALµtvwv orouc; xapTec; eivm o 6yKoc; 
6tOKLVOUµtVWV eµnopeuµarwv ~ em(3arciJv. luyKtKpLµeva, arouc; xaprec; ouµnepteAf/<pB17oav 
ot ALµtvec; nou 6taKtvow: 
-ouvoA1K6 6yKo eµnopeuµarwv {ao T1 avcinepo TOU 1 eKar. r6wwv eTT]olwc;, ~ 
-OUVOALKO apt0µ6 200.000 KOL avw en$aTciJV 6teBvciJv ypaµµciJv tTT]Oiwc;. 
Ta aptBµTJTLKa or0txeia axenKa µe rov KUKA.a epyaotwv rwv At.µtvwv nou naptxovrm arouc; 
xaprec; exouv uno(3ATJBe{ an6 ra Kparr, µ00-,, evw TO apt8µ17TLKcl OTOLXe{a CJXBTLKcl µe T17V 
KLVTJOTJ eµnopeuµaroK~wTiwv txouv npoo6toptoBei Kara napeK{3oArj an6 ra orotxeia nou 
neptixovrm OTTJ µeAtTTJ "The European Container Market -Prospects to 2008", Ocean 
Shipping Consultants, 1997. 
H po~ TTJc; KUKAocpopiac; nou neptypa<perat arouc; xaprec; 6 KOL 7 TOU napapTTjµaroc; II 
eKTtµfJBTJKe µe (36017 rte; arartartKtc; rwv Hvwµtvwv E8vwv yta rte; eµnopeuµarLKtc; 
owaJJ..aytc; ro 1993. 
36 
• IXEl110 TOY bJEYPOnAiKOY bJKTYOY META<POPON 
TMHMA: 6AMIIIOl l\IMENEI 
BAATIKH 9AAAUA. 
l\IMENIKH KINHIH TO 1996 
EMnOPEYMATA (a&&Kat. Tovvwv) 
• 1-5 
• 5-10 
• 10-20 • 20-50 • > 50 • 
• • EnlBATEI/ava tro~· 
200.000 -500.000 
500.000 -1.000.000 
> 1.000.000 
* M6vo A1µtv&~ nou 610K1vouv 6yKo &µnopwµerrwv lao ti avtiJT&po 
TOU 1 &Kat. TOWWV &'lT'laiw~ KQI ~lJTITlp&TOUVTOUAcl){laTOV 200.000 
m1f3err&~ 61&evti>v ypaµµWv &Tllalwc;. 
orKOI AIAKINOYMl!NON l!MnOPEYMATOKIBOTION ITHN nEPl•EPEIA 
Mcp(610 TllC: ncp1qitpc1ac; en( TOU OUllOAIKOU 
...... 6yKou 61aK111ouµc11w11 cµnopcuµaToK1~wT(w11 
OT1111 EE (oc %) 
• 'OyKoc; Tile: Ki1111011c; (oc &KOT TEUi 
A116nTu~ri oc oxtori µc Tllll npo11vouµc1111 
Raum a 
Uusikaupunki . \ 
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, neiamn 
·. ~y 
(~karsh¥ 
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37 
• IXEt:.10 TOY t:.IEYPOnAIKOY ~KTYOY 
METM>OPON 
TMHMA SMAHIOI NMENE! 
BOPEIA 9A/\AD.A 
AIMENIKH KINHIH TO 1996 
EMnOPEYMATA (a&&KOT TOWWV) 
• 1--5 
• 5-10 
• 10-20 
• 20-50 
• >50 
EfllBATEI/av6 ttoc;• 
• 200.000-500.000 
• 500.000 -1.000.000 
• > 1.000.000 
• Movo .l.iµt11&c; nou &OK1vouv OVKO eµnopeuµ6Twv ioo 11 
avum:po TOU 1 &KQT. TOWWV &TTlalW<; KQl &~UTtf\p&TOUV 
rouMJ)(lotov 200.000 eml3Qtec; &eevwv ypaµµwv &TT'loiwc; 
... ,..: .fv~ ~· :~ &--<--, 
o•.:.,~ .. -r~,-
l& _p 
~· 
~ 
~Jk-
\ 
B6peta 86Aaooa 
,,, r· ---
~----·~- ~ ~~~ \f ",..._/"" ~ 
w 
()) <J j• ~4t·\_ Le Ha 
·-----
r<'-• .-.-.r-'Ji., ·._ . -~-Lltf;,----- -~ --·~ 
s.:-; -- -
;__..._.., 
~'-:.~ 7-'-.. 
~ ~--... .<~:_,_.~en 
·-> 
!-~ _ _;_:: 
__ /\ 
'~ \ ·~·i~---,_ . 
orKOI AIAKINOYMENnN EMOOPEYllATOKl80TION ~ 
ITHN OEPl•EPEIA J 
..-. M'p1610 n1<: nlpuptpllac: '"' Tou auvo~111ou 
0~1<ou IS1a1<woliµ,v111v 'µnopc11µaT011ia..iTi"'v 
OTTlV ee (OS,., 
• 
1985 1990 1996 16 l1l'O i 
i .. .r~ !\ 
i~ 
1:000 ~\ 
I I 
6 000 I . 
!"'\ 
i--./ 
' v ------r ~J t. 
~~-:--\~ -~-
~ 
D ,..~ 
~S\ 
•"a~ 
~c; 
~~>"-~)v~~ 
r i ~I -Ii ... .____-" Mr 
r~---........___ --., . I 
r . -11\) , r! / ( c_____J L_ --- ..__ ' 
-~ !\...:-. 
_,,,,. " "' 
I Ill 
I IXEf.JO TOY f.JEYPOflAiKOY f.JKTYOY META4>0PON 
TMHMA: 6AMIIIOl l\IMENEI 
ATAANTIKOI KAI nEPlcDEPEIAKA NHIIA 
11\lMENIKH KINHIH TO 1996 
EMnOPEYMATA (O& &KOT. TOVVWV) EnlBATEI/avci troc;* 
I . 1 -5 • 5 -10 • 200.000 -500.000 
• 10-20 • 500.000-1.000.000 
• > 1.000.000 
l•M~ :;: nou i5taM1vow <l'tl<o qmopcuµOtwv loo I\ avOm:po TOU 1 
&Kar. TOVVWV &'TTIOiW<; Kat ~lJT1TlpaOUvTOUAO)(IOTOV 200.000 &ntlkrrcc; 
&&ev<i>v ypaµµwv &TI'laiwc;. 
---· --------
OfKOl 61AKINOVMl!NON l!MnOPl!VMATOKIBOTION 
.lTHN nl!Pl•l!Pl!IA 
--Mtplll•o ....... ntp .. tptta<; •nl TOU auvo».tKOU 6yKOU 
1,10•.,<>uµnwv tµnoptu1o1at0Kt~w"riwv ""''EE (a• 1') 
• Qy•tJ<. "l'. -'"l"'l<: (at OOT TflJ) 
1980 1985 1990 
, La Reunion ~nique 
~~ ~·\ 
Acor es 
canaries 
Santa ()uz de Tenerife •"••/ 
Las Palmas Madei11 10,3% 
1996 
Bahia de CadiZ : ' 
\ 
39 
0 Ir ___ ---D<ElllO TOY lllEYPOnA°iKOY lllKTYOY 
META<!>OPON 
TMHMA: 9AAA.u:IOI AIMENEI 
MEIOrEIOI 6A/\Ail.A (fl YTIKH) 
AIMENIKH KINHIH TO 1996 
EMnOPEYMATA (at &KOT. T6vvwv) 
• 1 -5 
• 5-10 
• 10-20 
• 20-50 
• >50 EnlBATEI/ava troc;* 
• 200.000-500.000 
• 500.000 -1.000.000 
• > 1000000 
* M6vo "-1.µtvec; nou 6taKLvouv 6yKo eµnopeuµerrwv iao fl J 
avc.im~po Tou 1 eKaT. T6vvwv eniaiwc; Kal e~um1perouv ' 
TouMXlDTov 200.000 en$cm:c; 61eevc1>v ypaµµWv E:l'T)aiwc;. j ~ ...... -. 
l_ 
{~ 
I ~ J . .. '. 
~--~ <, 
'··4-~-
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' ' .,_ ' ,, • "'-.. Po ', ' '·'-·~ ~ -...._ ) ; -•>~-'-.. . ' 'A·~.._-_,.,/ rt la Nouvelle ToOUsn .... y· ;_ __ I . --~_, --~ ' ") 
L<-~"""J " "- ' : . ) 
?..~ . ·\\ ! __ , .• >··-.< ----' 
)-.' ''--.__, . ' s. . . ''\'·::._,,• 
\-------:-~·: r ~--~>~_~_,,.:_\,_. '·'~.... . ! . '.,.J.· ' •"' ......... . 
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,._ l 
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\ J I '/ - ,,r~ c;jbiza 
"""' Alcudia 
-----~ ~Mahon Watrna' de Mallorca 
'--._.,,.) t / .• ~ \/ ~ ......... 
~1--or·K-~~-:~YMENOH EMnOPEYMATOKIBnTlnN "'-
\ ITHN nEPl•EPEtMl I "-1 
.~._.T' .. ,_.LJll 1 - ll.ltp1610 tT1<: ncpu11cpc1ac; '"' Tou cvvo~U1ou .. 8 000 I 
0;1<ou 610Kwouµ~v..iv ~µnop.:u;..>O"l'OKljlwnwv I 
CJTIH EE \Ct 'la) i 
• 0\1(0<; tT1C: KIV'lCJlC: \Ct &KOT TEUl 
Avontu~ri ot cxca11 µt Tl"IV npori'fouµtv11 
ntpio6o 
1980 1985 1990 1996 
\ 1) Ta .. n ..... 1x_c10 llVTIJT01xouv a To auvo41Ko O'f .. o tµnopEuµQ1wv Tou MeaOye1ou 
PiQfllbin 
/"_,J~~~-
.., \ -. 
lJ.. Civitavecchia 
A;acci ' 
Fiumicino 
Bonita ~La Ma~dalena 
I' r fo Aranci 
Porto Torr~~ .. 
. \ ~ . . ( 
I '\ 
Torregrand1 .-j 
' . I 
Portoves~ ··· · ~gliari P. Foxi 
Sant'Antioco '...--..." I 
j__;· 6 000 
I 
I 4.000 
2.000 I: 
__ ... ~ 
0 
' _,-
.. _.--/ Mecr6yelo<:; 8aAacrcra (~UTlKT")) rra!181'r~~ 
·-· Bah" de':'""· MOiill'~~ria 
/~-'~ Ceuta ec1ras 
I , 
I ... ~, \. '--._ __ ____,-------~- -~/- ~-~'---- /~ ' '"' ~ ~ ... __,../'- • ./ __ ,..~-"-L--~ '.·' &-. \// --:t ~/\ i ./ 
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' Ill DCE610 TOY fllEYPOnA.iKOY 61KTYOY l 
I META<J>OPON 
TMHMA: 9MAIIIOI AIMENEI 
j MEIOrEIOI 9AAAllA (ANATOAIKH) 
! AIMENIKH KINHIH TO 1996 
1 EMnOPEYMATA (oe tKar. T6wwv) EntBATEI/ava troc;"' • 1-5 
I • s -1 o • 200.000 -soo.ooo 
i • 10-20 • 500.000 -1.000.000 
! • 20 -50 • > 1.000.000 
• >50 
"'Movo ~vcc; nou 6tQKlVOUV OyKO CJ.DlOpcuµaT<a>V {OO Ii 
avwnpo Tou 1 &Kat. T6vvwv £TllaC<a><; Kat ~um'lp&TOUv 
1 TouMxtatov 200.000 en~ec; 6t£0vc.l>v ypaµµci>v mioCwc;. ot::; r' 
) 
I __ ____... ., ' 
orKOI lilAKINOYMENnN EMnOPEYMATOKIBnTlnN 
ITHN nEPICIEPEIA\1) 
- Mcp1610 Tile; ne:p1cptpc1a.:; cn1 Tou auvo>..LKou 
6yKOU 6lQKl\'OUIJCVWV cµnopcuµaTOK$wnwv 
OTrlV EE (OC CW.) 
• ·oyKoc; Tl'lc; Kiv11011c; (oc c"aT TELn 
AvcinTUE.rt oc oxto11 µc TflV npo11youµC\lll 
1980 1985 1990 1996 -----, 
8 000 
6 000 
4.000 
2.000 
0 
(1) Tei 0To1xcici civT10To1xouv OTO ouvo>..U<o oyKo s:µrtopcuµciTwv TOU Mcaoyc1ou 
~J " .. _,-•--~--.. : '-i f 
-·--~ra r_-· __ ,..... .. _ \..-, __ -. >,, -,..,,~ · -~x~~r .· o ';::y -. . . 0 -1:--'~~-o _/ .'/ 'i /.I ~ /). ,)\ 
""--~ ...... 1,:,J ~ -07 ~\. \.~ -e. --·"' .__..-,/ .r 
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5t~, ~·~·.A i -_.,. -v___.,; 
~-------· _ _,,,---· . ..---. 
Meo6yeto~ 86Aaooa (AvaTOALKTJ) ~ 
1~ 
I :I: iM · I i 0'1 i 
• D<~IO TOY AIEYPOl'IAiKOV AIKTVOY METAIDOPON 
lMHMA: eAMIIIOl IJMENEl: 
nEP!4EPEIAKH KINHIH EMnOPEYMATON KAI EntBATQN 
KINHIH noNTOnoPON nl\OION 
ANNTrf:H ~ KJNHIHI LTOYI /\IMENEl: t.~ 
._) 
\ 
,/ 262 
) 
( ~-6:/t~~7
-;:PT~U 
< 
2i'O 
250 
(&Kat. £mf3cmi>v) 
:no 
":. MeaoyeLoc; 86Aaaaa 
r-·---·-----------·--------· ·-----······------··----------------·-·--·-------···-··- . ··-. -·--··· ... 
I En'lala KJVflC111U11Patciw0£ K<i6£ 9<Wiaota rt£picpip£1a, TO 1993 KOi l . .. · 1 Av<imul;I') ~ Kilfl')Ol'JC: KCJTO TO l11aon1i.ia 1993-1996 one:: l11<lq>op£<: tlUMl~ 
I 19EM/95t'96 (og POT. £T11fkmi>v) ·0oov acpop<i TOii AT"'11fTllC6 Ka1 T1'l rt£pl(ptpt:W;, 0£ ~. '" 
I BaAl11<f) &:Wloaa, &v unapxow OTOIXEia Vlll TO 1993"' -·-·------(1) 0. ~Tl')(; avOmul;I')(; Tl')(; KiVl')Oll<; one;~ BaAOoow; fl&pl~ KaT<.i 
TO )(pOlllKO &cionpl 1993-1996 npayµmono1"81'1i<av ).a1Jf36vovtac; we; P<iorl Tou<; AllJtV£<; 
VIO touc; ono(ouc; un{\pxav OTOlxOO Kiln)orlc; t6oo via TC 1993 6oc llQI yta TO 1995. Kato 
ouvtn£t0, ta mot)(Ela O)(CTIKO µc Tl')V KMiart Ka& tlaAaomac: m:puptpc1ac:; ~v 
OlfTmp<lO<.t>rWiouv TO OUlfOOKO Oyito Kivrlml<: CJTl')V l1£Pupip&1a. l\ 
I 
I 
I 
I 
ETl'pia MtVl')Ol'l ~WV OS Kci8a 8aAOOOIO ~.TO 1993 
tclll 191MJ9!SJ96 (m. £Kat. TOwwv). 'Oooll aqiop6 tTllf ~Kl TTIC:: 
M~. ~cwtCJl otOtp YllJ. TO 1990 ICQI. TO 1995 "' 106 """"""°"""""" _ '~""""" ,.,.,- ro ,..,, I 
I 
-------··------·-------··--- __ J 
42 
• IXUIO TOY t.IEVPOnAIKOV t.IKTVOV METACllOPON 
TMHMA:NME~ 
KINiD-i EMnOPEVMATCN KAI EnlBATON TO 1986 ANA XOPA (1) 
EKTIUHeEIIA EMnoPEVMATIKH POH METk.--Y TON t.IAlbOPON 
eMArilON ~PEION TO 1993 
I 
d 
\ 
' 
26 
·~ 
(\ 
rf'-.. . j 
~~ --7'4· -,. ' 
: (-... .... 1-. 4 
4 
'--.A.~.·,,~-~./ Meo6yet0<; e&..oooo 
/~·~~/'~-~~~ 
KINHIH EMOOPEVMATON KAI EnlBATON ANA XOPA '" 
(1) Ta otOlXtia via l1lV EAAOl5a s(vaa TOU 1994 e.vW yla lTlV lanav<a, Tr1V tra)Ja 
KQl TO H.B. £ival TOU 1995. na Tl~ A.omic; x<l>pr.c; TO troc: CJVa<pC>pcl~ e.ivcll TO 1996. 
>300 
55< >35 
1S.35 
5-15 
i;,__.J.--L...;...;L.--LJ 5 < 
Erfiaia KivtiOl"I~ 
(as&ICOT.) 26 ~ 
56 
• El<Tlµri8t:Caa pol\~ KU~ 
~~u n&pUp&p£Ui>V 
(1993: o& &Kar. T6wwv). 
43 
IlaQaQ'ttJJ.Hl III: XQ£roaq 'trov l.tptvtxrov tm:oboprov 
K ma tf1V avclJ'ttu;11 ev6c; µeA.A.ovnxou xotvonxou n;J..moi.ou xeewo11c; trnv ALµEvLxwv un;oboµcbv Ha 
rq~EJtEL va A.11cp0ow UJtOtVfl tOUAUXL<JtOV OL ax6A.ouHOL tQELc; <Jt6xm: 
-l1 OLXOVOµt.xt} MOtEAE<Jµcmx6tl]ta· 
-l1 b(xml] xm w6tt.µl] avnµetcbmol] twv JtEQL<J<J6tEQO xm twv ALy6tego avemuyµevwv ALµevwv· xm 
-OL JtOAL nxec; OUVOXtJc;. 
EvbL::zoµevrnc; vu µl]v dvu.L c\uvut<'>v vu cmtcxOouv tcmt<'>Xl_><>V<t xuL m 1vnc; <m'>xm, u"J..)./t 1'.vu 
11r/...A.ovnxo n;J..cti.aw Hu Jtl>CJttL vu oxcc)waHt::i. xat(1 tgon;o won vu cm rnyx<'tvctm r~Loovv<'>Jtl]Oll trnv 
<m'>zow uutci>V. nugux(nc1> Jtfl.>LYl_>c't<povtm ouv0Jtnx(1 xm el;ctt1l;.ovtm 01.. uvrntl'.l_)m ott'>xm. 
Otxovoµtxtj rmore)..eaµartx< )n1rr i 
~to JtAUL<JLO tl]c; OLXovoµLxi)c; c.motcA.rnµunxotl]tac;, ta ALµtVLX(t tl-:J .. l] Jtl>(:Jtn V<t xuOol>L~<Wtm µr r:){1m1 
to OQLaxo XO<Jtoc; xatc'.t tQ6Jto W<JtE OL xeitotec; tWV ALµevt.xcbv UJtoboµci>v vu YVWQL~OUV to Xt>Otoc; JtOU 
tzouv yLa to xoLV(J)VLx6 ouvoA.o m µeµovwµEvec; an;ocpaoet.c; µnmpogac; n;ou A.aµf:)avouv. Av o 
xa0ogt.oµ6c; twv teA.cbv yw 6A.a ta µE<Ja µetacpoQ<'xc; ytv6tav µe n;ag6µow tQ6Jto, l1 xatavoµi) µeta~u 
t(t)V µEowv ea t}tav clQL<Jtl] (bl]) .. µe to EAUXL<JtO x6atoc;). E1t1.JtAEOV' 11 Eq>agµoyt} tl]c; aexitc; autitc; Ha 
oblJYtl<JEL <Jtl] flehL<Jtl] xatavoµi) tl]c; xuxA.ocpog(a<; µeta;u twv A.LµEvwv xm, xat'aui:6 tov tQ6Jto, ea 
cJ. .. axLotoJtm11ed to x6otoc; bLaXELQL<Jl]c; twv 8aA.aooLwv µetacpogwv oe oA.11 tl]V 'EvwolJ. EvtoutoLc;, ota 
tgyu autc'.t 6Jtwc; xm <JE OJtOLabt}JtOtE aA.A.a f.gya UJtohoµi)c;, to µeyaA. UtEQO µf.goc; tO'U <J'UVOALXOU 
xoornuc; ouvbf.etm µe nc; EJtevbuoELc; xecpaA.atwv JtEQL<J<J6tego n;aga µe to x6otoc; exµnaA.A.rnolJc;. Kata 
<JUVEJtELa, av Ecpaeµoo8d l1 aexit tl]c; ttµOAOYTJ<J11c; flcl<JEL tOU OQLaxou XO<Jto'Uc;, EL vm m8av6 Ott., A.6yw 
Jl:AEOVcl~OU<Jac; huvaµLXOtl]tac; it tOU avtaywvLoµou, ea UJtag;ouv cpm v6µeva XQEW<Jl]c; µ6vo 101.J 
fivctXUJtQ6flwµou ogLuxou xc'>otouc; (b11A.. tou x6mouc; exµctaA.A.e·uol]c;). ~triv JtEQLJttrnori umi), C'>cv HH 
<1.V<l.'XtT1Hti. n;J..t}vmc; to x<'>moc; tcnv n;uJ..m<'>ngcJ)V mcvMJoewv. Am'> n1v <'tA.A.ri rr.A.rnv<'t. rt <'mvcm'mrw 
;ri.i1t,>ouc; uv(1xt11011c; tolJ x<'>otouc; tu>V µeA.A.ovnxclJv rJtcvbl'mt:mv Jti'.<J<1> ftutc; Tl.fU>A<'>yr1m1c; f)cw1.t/>p.rv11c; 
<JTO OQLCLXO x<'>otoc; Oct ci;ul>tl]Od cm6 toV tQ<JJtO C<fJ<lQJWYitc; n1c; EV A<'>yw uvxi1c;. 
OgwµtvOL UJtO<Jtl]QL~OUV (JtL l1 OLXOVOµLxi) UJtOtEAE<JµanxotT]t<l tOl' ALJ.lEVLXOll x/...c't<'>ou JUTOl_)rL vn 
EJtLteuxHEi. xatc'.t tov xuA.utEQO tQ6Jto av OL EJtevMoELc; OE ALµEvLxtc; 'UJto<'>oµtc; txo1iv rnc; yvfl>µovu 111 
~itt110fl xm on auto JtQEJtEL vu e;uocpaA.LoHe( µfow · t11c; avc'.txt110TJc; tou ouvoA.Lxou X('>otorn; -rwv 
mevbuoewv wt6 touc; XQtlOtec;. nA.t}Q11c; avaxtl]<J11 tou xoatouc; µrcogd, xm' <xexitv, vn d;aoqinA.wHd nv 
l.ricpHouv uJt6'\V11 oL n;aJ..m6tEQEc; EJtEvMoELc; (bTJA. av 11 XQEW<Jfl ytvetm ()aon tou µfoou xootouc_:;). 
E vtoutOLc;, l1 A. U<Jl] t11c_:; nµoA6yl]<Jl]c_:; fla<JEL tou OQLaxou x6atouc;, µe tl]V oJtol.a A.aµ.(36.vovtm uJt6'4'ri oL 
vfrc; mevbuoELc; JtaQclAAl]Aa µe to x6atoc; exµetaA.A.euo11c_:; xm to e1;wtEQLX6 x6otoc;, ea auµ(36.A.EL 
a11µavnxa <Jt11V avaXtfl<Jl] tOU XO<Jtouc; Xm taut6XQOVa ea MOtQEtVEL t11 <JUVEXtLµrt<Jfl tWV LOTOQLXCOV 
c;revMoewv <JE ALµEVLxf.c_:; uJtoboµf.c;. 
t1ixm17 xat w6nµ17 avnµerwma17 rwv :re(}taa6re(}o xat rwv A.tyore£>O avc:rrvyµtvwv Atµevwv 
~EhoµEVWV W<JlO<JO tWV bLacpOQE.tLXWV EJtLJtEOWV avaJttu;11c; tWV ALµtvrnv, 11 cmotoµrt ELOaycoy~ µLm; 
vfoc; UQXtlc; XQEW<Jflc; (3a<JL~6µev11c; <Jt11V OLXOVOµLxi) MOtEAE<Jµanx6t11ta Ha µrtOQOUCTE V<l hrtµLOUQYft<JfL 
<1VL<JOtf1tEc; µeta;u tWV ALµevwv. 0a µJtOQOU<JE <JUVEJtci>c; vu UJtO<Jt11QtxHd on rt wmywyit cvoc; 
xoL vonxou xa0E<Jtci>toc; XQEo><Jflc_:; t(J)V ALµevLxwv un;oboµwv ea JtQEJtEL wt auvobcuetm uJto xuv6vcc; mrn 
w1. uJtotgtJtouv t11 µl] L<Jonµrt avnµetci>mol] twv vtwv A.Lµevwv t1 trnv A.Lµtvrnv µe ariµavnxtc; uvc'tyxec; 
uvc'LJttU~l]c_:;. To EJtLXELQT)µct auto <Jtl]QL~EtUL Oto d;itc_:; OXEJttLXO: bt::boµ(:vmJ <'m, f.AAEL'\j>EL EV<'>c; XOLVotLXOll 
xcd1ecm.btoc;, oL "em1gxo>~ uveJttuyµf.vm" A.Lµtvec_:; dxav tl]v cuxml_>Lct vu EJtcxtuHouv xm vu 
<1.vuJttuxHow 011µavnxc'.t XUQll ot11v uJto<JtftQL;ll tou bl]µooi.ou, m "vtm" it m "A.Lyt'>ttQO uvcJttuyµtvm" 
A.Lµtvec; Ha JtQEJtEL va tuxouv avaA.oyl]c; avnµetcbmol]c; (evbexoµtvwc; Jtl_>oowgLva) am JtA.ni.ow -rm1 
xm vonxou xa0eatwtoc; xetrnol]c;. n aga to ()aoLµo tou EJtLXELQi)µutoc; tric; bl.xmrtc; avnµnci1Jtw11c;. µr 
~lLU lE'tOLU JtQOCTEYYL<Jl] Hu ~l]µL<oHel. rt OLXOVOµLxt} MOtEAE<Jµanxotl)tCl hcboµtvou (m i~VCl µtQoc; tric; 
hu".aµLx6t11tac_:; tWV 11EJtUQXd>c; UVEJttuyµf.vwv" ALµevwv µrtOQEL va a;wn;m11Hd µE xaµrtA<ltCQO xoatoc; 
uxoµ11 xm eav A.11cp8d UJtOtV11 to x6otoc; tWV µeyaA.UtEQWV JtAOWV JtQOc; touc; CV At>yw ALµtvec;. 
neQaLtEQW au1;f1<Jl1 trtc; buvaµLXOtl]tac; JtQLV Va e1;aocpaAL<J0EL xaAUtEQ11 a;LOJtOLrt<Jl] tl]c_:; UJtclQXOU<Jac; 
<1'>UvaµLx6t11tac_:; ea t}tav JtEQL tti). 0 <Jt6xoc; t11c; bl.Xml]c; aVtLµEtWJtL<Jl]c_; ea µJtOQOU<JE va EJtL tEUX0EL EV 
µEQEL µE tl'lV JtQOObeunxi] ELOaywyi] toU VEoU JtAaL<JLOU XQEW<Jfl<; (to OJtOLO W<JtO<JO bev 8a JtQEJtEL va 
-44 -
1tl><.>f\A.tm.~t U3tEQf\oALXU µuxec'.t µetuBunxi) 3tEQLOho htlm x.an tEtOLO Oct JU"COVOUOE vu txn nvvrrnx.b; 
mtJttc.baet~). Emn:A.fov, atov Bu8µ6 :n:ou ri <'>L(1x.vtori µnusu twv Jtq.>L<T<Jt>tEQO x.m tcov AL yfrrq~o 
uvmtuyµEvrov A.tµtvwv tEL vEL vu auµ:n:LJttEL µe triv x.utatasri :n:ou EXEL yl. vn otov toµfo i:ric; ouvoxi}c;, m 
ethtx.o{, xav6vec; yLa rnuc; A.tµtvec; i:wv n:EQLcpEQELwv tou atoxou 1 x.m tou Taµel.ou LuvoxiJc; ea 
µrcogouaav en:laric; va ecpagµoa8ouv atouc; "vfou~" A.tµtvec;. 
noA.t nxe~ avvoxrj~ 
ngox.nµtvou va 3tQOW0yt8EL Tl ouvoxiJ, OL X.OLVOtLX.OL x.av6vec; JtEQL x.ganx.c.Ov EVLOXUCJE(J)V Emtgtmrnv 
µeyaA. U'tEQO (3a8µ6 auµµernxiJc; rnu hriµooi,ou yLa w; en:evMoetc; :n:ou Jtgayµurnm>Louvi:m one; AL y6'tEQO 
uve:n:tuyµtvec; 3tEQtcpEQELEc; i:ric; Kmv61ri1ac;. To X.OLVOtLX.6 n:A.aLOLO XQEWOT]c; l(JJV ALµEVLX.cl>V UJtO<)OµfJJV 
Ou µ:n:ogouoe va axoA.ou8i)oEL i:riv i,hw :n:goatyywri :n:goBAt:n:ovi:nc; µEQLxtc; :n:uvex.x.A.i,ow; cm6 i:ouc; 
xuv6vec; xetworic; yw touc; A.tµtvec; i:wv JtEQLcpEQWi>V tou oi:oxou 1 x.m tou Tuµdou Luvoxi)c;. ELvm 
mHfJtc; 6n tewu::c; :n:uvex.x.A.i,onc; 8u Jtvt:n:n vn em tgE:n:ovtm oto BuHµ<'> mrn <)ev txouv otvef)A.omxb; 
l::tmtcJ>OELc; otov uvtuyrnvwpi> p.nul;u A.tµ{:vrnv x.m, rnc; ex tot'mrn, otriv mx.ovoµtx.i1 
< /JWtEAE<JµUtLX.<JtlltU. 
17 tHave~ xarevfJ&vaet~ 
B<wn tCJJV UVWtEQW x.u8{,otutUL 0<.1(JJES 6n OL bLacpOQEtLXOL 016xm txow hLUCflOQEtLX.f~ fJtLJt't(l)(JCLc; yw 
rn oxehwaµ6 ev6c; xotvonxou :n:A.moi,ou nµoA.6yrioric;. H :n:gootyywri mm uJtoOtT]QL~nm m11v f1Q<'tmv11 
BlfiA.o dvm Tl :n:goobeunxi) E<puvµoyi) i:ric; µe86bou XQEWOTJc; BaoEL 1:01! OQLClX.OU X.l)O'torn; x.m<'1 i:v<'>:n:o 
<i>otE vu e1:;aacpaA.l,~nm avux.triori tou x6oi:ouc; i:wv vtwv e:n:ev<\uoernv :n:(:vnv rnu x<'>0touc; 
cxµnaA.A.euoric; xm i:ou eswtEQLxou x.6ornuc;, aA.A.a xm 6n dvm a:n:aeal.trito vu n:eoBA.eq>Houv µEQLxtc; 
;cueexx.A.Laetc; yLa nc; JtEQLcpEQELEc; tou ot6xou I xm tou Taµel.ou Luvoxr]c;. H n:gootyytori au-ri) Ha 
EJtLTQE'!JEL tT]V LOOQQOJt:yt EJtLtEUsll l(JJV btacpOQEtLXWV, x.m OE xa:n:OLo BaHµ6 avnx.gou6µevwv, otoxwv. 
EL vm a:n:agai, trito vu ava:n:rnx8ouv A.et rnuQyLxol, tQ6:n:oL x.aflogwµou x.m ecpagµoyi)c; tric; agxr1c; tric; 
nµoA.oyrioric; µe Baari lO OQLaX.6 x.6otoc;. MLa m8avi) A.uori ea i]tav 0 x.aHogwµoc; l(JJV ALµEVLX.clJV tEAWV 
vu yLVEtaL BaaEL EX.ttµrioric; to'U x.6otouc;, ava µovaca µetacpOQUc;, tric; uvaµev6µevric; uu;rioric; toU 6yxou 
mrn bLUX.LVELtUL OE EVUV ALJ.lEVa x.ai:a OQLOµEVO 3tOOOOt6 (to o:n:ol.o EV<'>exoµ£vuJ<; VU hLU<pEQEL uvuA.oyu µe 
rnv tu:n:o tou AL~ttva ). LtT]v :n:egi.mwori aui:i), ea :n:gt:n:eL va (3ge8d A. UOTJ we; :n:goc; tov i:g6:n:o µEtaxuA.wric; 
mu m'.tywu x.6otouc; Otouc; XQrlOTEc; tWV ALµEVLXWV u:n:o()oµwv x.m UJtT]QEOLClJV. MLa aA.Ari AUOT] Ha r)rnv Tl 
£i{ti,µriori uutt1 vu Jtgnyµuton:mdtm µe ouyxEXQLµtvo XQOVLX.l> ogi.tovi:n (:n:.x. :n:tvte etcl>V). Mw T0LTll 
:tLOnvi) AUOTJ Hu r)tuv vu d;uoqJnA.l.~ELm µe ta ALµevtx.{1 1tA.ri JtAtl(>rtc; uv{1xn1ori toll X(·Hmw; 
1:xµn(1A.A.euoric; xut tou x<'>ot< rnc; XE<puA.ui.ou i:wv rm:vMmcmv m rn {:xouv Jt(><tYJtutoJtou10r I. f 1.n<'t x<tm ll n 
Ol_)LCJµfVfl flµEl_)OµT]VLU· OtT]V JtEl_)LJl:lWOyt U'Utrl, cv(')exoµ{:vrnc; VU XVEW<J0ot!V OlOLXd<l <lXrTLX<'t p.r Tl)V 
< m6of3eaf1 twv e:n:evbuoewv. 
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ISSN 0254-1483 
COM(97) 678 tEALXO 
ErrPAtl>A 
GR 07 13 11 
Agt8. xataA.oyou CB-C0-97- 738-GR-C 
ISBN 92-78-29755-0 
Yrtl]QECTla Ema~µwv Ex.&oaewv twv Eugwrcai:x.cbv Kmvot~twv 
L-2985 Aoul;cµBo'L1gyo