EIIITPOilH TCN EYPruIAr:KnN KOINOTHTCN 
KOM(90) 218 T£~1K6 
Bpu~£AA£~, 24 louAlou 1990 
OPAIINO B!BA!O CIA TO AtTIKO OEPIBAAAON 
AygKolywgn JDC EnlJOOU6c llQOC JO tuuBoU~lO KQl JO EupwuglK6 
KotyoB06A10 

OINAJ<At OEPIEXQMENQN 
EIIArOf"H 
KEtAt\AIO 1•: TO ME/u\ON TOY AITIKOY nEPIBAAAONTOI ................... 6 
1. 06Aq KGl GOT l KOUO( 11011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 
H ttanAwon tnc; aotaKonolnonc; ...........•..•........•.......... 7 
H n6A11 we; oxt6 lo . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . 7 
H ouo I a tnc; Eupwna'iKnc:; npootyy 'one:; . . . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . 8 
O p6Aoc:; twv n6Aewv . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 
AruJ 'oupy' K6tnta • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . • • . . . . . . . • . . • • . . . . . 9 
2. To aot 'Ko 11cp 1 PllAAov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 o 
H ouv8st6tnta tou aotaKou nspapaAAovtoc:; ..•.................... 12 
Aot ' 1< n punavo11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 
To 60µ11µtvo nep' (30AAOV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 
H c,uon otnv n6An . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 
3. Ta Pa8utcpa alt1a tqc; aotaKnc; u110P68µ1011c ..................... 25 
ASlTOUPYlOKpat(a (~OV~lOVaAl0µ6c:;) .......•..................... 26 
H napaywyn Kaan opyavwon tnc:; epyaolac:; ........................ 26 
A' avoµft Ka' KataVOAWOl'l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 
:svo6oxsla, eotaat6pla Kal Kato11<(a ....•••.•.................. 28 
Toup 'oµ6c; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 
ETrlKOlVWV(a Kat KlVf1TlK6tnta .................................. 29 
KE•AAAIO 2· : nPOI MIA EYPQOATKH ITPATHrlKH r1A TO AITIKO nEPIBAAAON 31 
1. Itoxo• yaa tll PcAtl.aq tou aota1<ou 11sp1P6AAovtoc; .............. 31 
2. AvaotaAt11<ol 11apayovtcc yaa µaa anotcAsoµataK~ 
wsp1PaAAovt11<~ 61axsf p1ora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 
3. Katcu8uvt~p1sc; apxtc; via tll PsAtl.aq tou aottKoU 
11sp 1 Pallovtoc;: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 
... M£oa Kol VOT l K~C Aplaorac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 s. ns6(a 6pao11c;: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 
5. 1 . 00A£o6oµ (a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 
5. 2 . AOT l Kee; OUYKO' vwv ( ec:; . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 
5.3. npoorao(a Kal npo(30AO rnc; lOTOPlKOc; KA11POVOµlac; 
twv EupwnalK~V n6A£WV ..........................•........ 46 
5.4. npootao(a Kat npo(3oAn TOU ~UOlKOU nepa(3aAAOVTOc; 
µtoa orac:; n6Aeac:; Kat Kwµon6A&tc:; µac:;...................... 46 
5.5. Aaaxslpaon rwv u6arwv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 
5.6. AottKr'l (31oµnxav(a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 
5.7. Aaaxs(pl011 Tile:; £VEPY£lac:; OTlc:; aOTlKec:; Tt&ptoxtc:; .......... 48 
5. 8. Aot 'Ka an6'3Anta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 
5.9. IUYKPITIKn 1tAl1P0~6pnon yta Tl1V Kataotaon TOU 
aot 'Kou nep' PaHovroc:; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 
5.10. npwto(3ouAIEc:; nA11po~6p11011c; ............................... 51 
5.11. KOlVWVlKEc:; 1tPWT0(30UA(£c:; ................................. 52 
5.12. A1ansp1~spe1aKn ouv£pyaola .............................. 53 
6. nspll11•11 twv. Katia •Potspa16trata, wpotsavoµsvwv atovwv 
6piaoqc;: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 
7. Ta swoµsva pflµata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 
OPOIAPTl-MA I : 'Ap8pa tile: Iuv8nKll( y1a TO 1t£PlPalAov 

-1 -
EIIArnrH 
r 1 a TOY aYT 1µucint1011 TWY rrpo(3A11µatwY rrou acpopouY to aot 1 K6 rrep 1 (3aHoY, 
ana1telta1 µfa o,a1p1Kn Kaa 6x1 Kata toµelt rrpootyy1011. napa to yeyoY6c; 6t1 
o Ka9opaoµ6c; ot6XWY, µeoa oe 0611ylec; Kai ouotaoe1c; y1a Tl1Y rro16t11ta tnc; 
atµ60,a1pac;, TOY Tl'Ol6tnTa TOU u6atoc;, Tlt µtylOT£c; Ota9µ£<; 9opu(3ou, KArr. 
e(ya1 xpno1µoc; Kat aYayKaloc;, arra1telta1 µ1a euputepn e~ttaon tnc; 
npoHeuonc; TWY rrep 1 (3aHoYt t KWY rrpol]AnµatwY rrou aYt 1 µetwn ( ~ouv o 1 rr6A£ 1 c; 
µac;, y1a TflY ayeupeon AuoewY µaKpac; 61apKe1at. Aut6 onµalYea rrpoo61op10µ6 
6x1 µ6Yo TWY aµeowy a1tlWY Tl'l<; nep1(3aAAOYTlKO<; urro(3a9µaonc;, aAAa Kal 
e~ttaon TWV KOlYWYlKWY Kal OlKOYOµlKWY £n1Aoyci>Y, 01 orro(ec; arrot£AOUY Tl'lY 
rrpayµat1Kn p(~a TWY rrpo(3AnµatwY autwY. 
Ta rrpo(3Asiµata TWY n6A£WY arrot£AOUY rrpci>aµo rrpoe16ono1nt1K6 onµa µaac; 
(3a9utepnc; Kplonc; rrou Ka81ota ayayKa(a TflY erraYe~ttaon TWY µoYttAwY 
opyavwonc; Kat aOTlKO<; avarrtu~nc; rrou lOXUOUV onµepa. Bt(3aaa, 6Aec; Ol 
eupwrralKtc; rr6Ae1c; 6ev avtaµetwnl~ouv ta (61a rrpo(3Anµata e,6aov n yewypa,aKn 
TOU<; 9£011, fl OlKOVOµlKO Kat KOlVWVlKO TOUc; avarrTU~O, Kat Ol 6ta,op£TtKec; 
OlKOVOµlKE<; TOU<; A£lTOUpyl£t, 6ta,tpouv. napouoaa~OUY 6µwc; Tl'OAAa KOtVa 
onµe(a. 
To npaoavo B1(3Alo eewpeltaa we; tva rrpci>to Pnµa rrpoc; oKt~n Kat ou~ntnon, via 
T6Y rrpoo61op10µ6 rr18avci>v ypaµµci>v 6paonc;. 
Mrrope( va T£8£( TO epci>tnµa yaad n ErrlTporrn TWY Eupwrra"CKWV KOlVOTOTWV 
aoxoA£1Tal µ£ Ta Tl'POPAnµata TWY rr6A£WV Kat TOU rrep1(3aAAOYTO<; TOU<;. raat( Ta 
npo(3Anµata auta 6ev µnopouv va e~etaotouv Kat va erraAu9ouv oe tonaK6 
enlrre6o; noaa µnope( va elvaa n rraeavn ouµPoAn tnt Koav6tntac;; 
nptrrea va tov(oouµe 6tt 01 rrep1006tepec; Ko1vot1Ktc; rroAtttKsc; errnpea~ouv, 
aµeoa ri sµµeoa, Tl c; aOTl de; rrep l OXE<;. To ap9po 130n Tilt; IUY90Kll<;, 6nwc; 
tponorroan8nKe an6 Tnv Evaala npa~n. rrpo(3ltrrea Ko1vot1Kn 6paon yaa tnY 
rrpooTaola tou rrep1(3aAA0Ytoc;, OTl1Y onola rrptrrea Ya rrep1laµ(3aveta1 n 
6uvat6TnTa aYaAoync; 6paonc; £VT6<; TWV aOTIKWV Tr£PIOXWY. To rrAripec; K&(µevo 
tou ap9pou rrep1laµ(3aveta1 oTo rrpooaptnµa 1 tou rrap6vtoc; eyypa,ou. 
Ynapxouv n6n opaoµsvec; KOlVOTlKe<; 6paO£lt; µe aVTlK£(µ£VO TO aOTtK6 
rrep1(3aAlov -tnv atµ6o,aapa, To vep6, tov 86pu(3o Kat ta arr6PAnta -Kat wr; 
EK touTou Kat tnv no16tnta ~wric; otac; (6aec; Ttr; n6h1c;. Ynapxouv enlont 
Ko1voT1Ktc; 6paotnp16tntec; rrou Poneouv otn 61aTnp11011 tnc; apxateKtovaKnc; 
Klnpovoµ l ar;, 11 orro (a arron:h ( TOY Tl'Ol l OT l K6 Ka l KaH I TEXY l K6 Tl'lOUTO TWY 
rr6Aewv µac;. ErreY6uoeac; Kat rrpoypaµµata xpnµato6otouµeya arr6 Tnv Ko1v6tnta 
µtow T6oo tou Taµe(ou nep1,epetaKnc; Avarrtu~nc; 600 Kat tou KoavwYtKou 
Taµ£ (OU txouv onµavT l K6 aYT ( KTUTrO OT l c; n6A£ l c; TWV Al y6tepo aY£1TTUyµtYWV 
rrep1oxwv Kat oe £Ke(vec; rrou urro,tpouv arr6 (310µ11xav1Kri rrapaKµri Kat µeyaAn 
avepy(a. 
En 1 rrUov, rroHtc; P 1oµnxaY1 de;, epeuvnt a de; Ka 1 Kata toµe ( c; rroA at 1 de; tnc; 
Ko1v6tnTac; oe 9£µata 6rrwc; 01 µeta,optc;, n evtpye1a Kat 01 Kotvwv1Ktc; 
unoetoe1c; err16pouv rrpayµatt otnv avantu~n twv n6Aewv µac;. nptne1 Ao1rr6v va 
UTTOP~El 11 6tao,aAl011 6tt Ol £nt6paO£lt auttc; txouv rrAripwc; £KT1µ118e( Kat 
deyx9e(. 
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npwtapx &1<6<: OT6xoc y la 6pao11' µs OK0116 Tl"I 13£h 'WOl"I TOU aoT l KOU 
nsptf3allovtoc, slvat 13tf3ata 11 Kaes n6l11 µsµovwµtva. raa va snttsuxesl 6µwc; 
f3sl Tl wo11 µs I tovo<: or11.1ao lat ea ana 1 t118s l 6pao11 os dv 1 K6 Ka 1 Ko 1 voT a K6 
enlne6o, µs p6lou<: Kat unsueuv6Tl"IT£C: nou ea Ka8op1otouv yaa Tl"I Ka8s nlsupa 
oto nlaloto µtac; ouµnpa~11c ouvspyaolac;. Is KotvoTtK6 snlns6o, e(vat 
Ol"ltJaVT l K6 0 l 6 t acpopsc; Kata TOtJ£ ( C nol l T t de; Va laf30UV 6£6VTWC: Utt6'1'1"1 Ta 
npoPAnµata TWV aOTIKWV 11£PlOXWV Kat va OUYKA(vouv 0£ µta KOIVOTtKn 
otpat11y1Kn yaa TIC: supwnalKtc; n6le1c;. 
Itnv npayµat1K6t11ta, n avayKa16t11ta yaa µ1a oAoKAnpwµtvn npoatyyaon oxsttKa 
µ£ TO aOTtK6 nsptf3allov txst n6n T0Vl0t£( OTO Tttapto np6ypaµµa ~paonc; yta 
TO neptPallov (1987-1992). to onolo avacptpet 6tt "µta 11poupa16Tnta ea 
elvaa n e~tTaon Tou oe 11016 paeµ6 01 ucp10Taµsvo1 n6po1 an6 ta KotvoTtKa 
6tapepwttKa Taµe(a (Ka& 16(wc; TO EupwnalK6 Taµsfo Osp1cpsps1aKnC: AvanTU~l"IC:) 
ea µnopouoav va xopnvneouv y 1 a Tl"IV scpapµoyn £KT£Taµtvwv nsp 1PaHovT1 Kwv 
npoypaµµaTwv os aoTtKa KevTpa. raa TO A6yo aut6 161alTEPl1 onµaola ea txsa n 
61aocpal1on tou KaTallnlou uq1ouc xpnµaTo66tnonc npoKsaµtvou va 6oeel oTnv 
Koav6Tnta 11 6uvat6t11Ta va ouµµstaoxsa, napaAA11Aa µs tac; 611µ601sc: apxtc: Kat 
Tnv tontKn Ptoµnxavla, os oxt61a aot1Knc avaKalv1onc ota onola Aaµpavovtat 
nAnpwc; un6q1n ot ana1Tnos1c: T6oo tnc: nsp1PallovTtKn<: 600 Kat Tn<: 
nsp1cpsps1aKn<: noltTtKnc;11
• AuT6 ea ana1Tnos1 lowc: s16tKa xpnµaTo6ottKa µtoa. 
To np6ypaµµa auT6 unoxpewvs t e:n I one: tnv Ent tponn va unoPah 1 tK9e:on oto 
Iuµpoul l 0 "OTl1V 0110 (a ea £~£Tal:£Ta l 1tWC: 0 611µ60 l OC: Kat t 6 t WT l K6C: Toµ tac; 
Ka9wc; Kai aAA01 ev61acpep6µsvo1 KUKAOI µnopouv va Epyaotouv an6 KOIYOU yaa 
Tl"IV ava(3a9µ1on opaoµtvwv aOTIKWV ttEptoxwv ... ". 
Enlonc:, n snfluon Twv npof3AnµaTwv Tl"IC: n6Anc: ea µnopouos va ouµf3alst 
onµaVTIKQ OTl'lV sn[luon TWV 1tlEOTlK6TaTWV Y£VtK6TEPWV neptPalloVTlKWV 
npoPlnµaTwv, 16lwc: Tou cpatvoµtvou tou 0spµoKnnlou Kat tnt 6~1vnc: PPoxnc:. o 
l6yoc; e(vat 6Tl aKpapwc; OTlC: n6letc; unapxe1 11 µsyalUTEPl'l OUYKEVTPWOl'l 
nlneuoµou Kat 01Kovoµ1Kwv 6paoT11p10TnTwv -Kat we: sK Toutou Kat sKnoµnwv. 
ITtC: n6AElC: allWOT£ laµf3avovtat Ol Kp(OttJEC: µaKponp6eeoµec; Kat OUXVO 
aµsTaKAntsc; anocpaosac: oxsttKa µs TtC: snsv6uostc; OTtC: uno6oµtc; nou acpopouv 
Tnv npoµn8£ ta svtpys 1 ac;, t11v snsbpyao I a anoPAntwv Ka 1 luµaTwv, Ka 1 t 1 c: 
µeTacpoptc;. 
H ouµpoln Tl'lC: Kotv6tntac; 0£ 9tµaTa aOTlKOU tt£ptf3allOVTOC: ea lKOVOttOtOUO£ 
snlonc: tnv au~av6µevn C:ntnon Twv l61wv Twv n6Aswv yaa µsyaluTspsc; suKaaplsc: 
avTalAavnc: nlnpocpop1wv Kat npaKTaK<i>v sµns1p1wv. H EntTponn avavvwplZ:sa 6Tt 
alloa opyav10µ0[, 16lwc; to Iuµpoulao Tl'lC: Eupwnnc;, sveappuvouv an6 Katpou tn 
61aneptcpepstaKn ouvepyaola os etµata aottKou xapaKTnpa. H Enatponn, Kata 
rnv avanTu~n rwv Ko1voT1Kwv nol1T1Kwv Kat npoypaµµarwv, ea laPe1 un6~n Tac; 
epyao(sc; nou txouv n6n npayµaT0110tl'le£(, 6nwc; ttpWToPoul(sc; yta aOTtKn 
avaKa(vtOl'l Kat ttPOOTao(a TWV lOTOPlKWV tJVl'ltJE(WV, n spyao[sc; 110U EXOUV 
npoypaµµat t o8s I an6 to Iuµpoul 1 o Tl'lC: Eupwnnc: y ta va s~aocpal 1 ote l 6T 1 o 1 
npwTofjoul(sc; ea e(vat ouµnlnpwµattKtc; Kat 6sv 9a allnloetttKaAUttTOVTat. 
H EntTponn µnope[ va 61a6paµat(oe1 onµavTtK6 p6lo oTo va anoPouv 
£UKOA6TEPEC: Ol avTallaytc; aUTOU TOU e(6ouc;. noT6oo, napa TO ysyov6c: 6Tl Ol 
µeyaAUTEPEC: supwnalKEC: n6A£lC: 61acptpouv OTtC: A£1tTOµtp£t£C: TOUC:, 
avTtµeTwnlZ:ouv Koava npoPAnµata. ruxva 6µw~ yvwp(~ouv ~(ya OX£TtK6 µe tac; 
£µ11e1p(ec; Kat Ta OXE6ta TWV aAAwv n6~£WV. H £Ktr6vnon TOU npaOtVOU Btf3~(ou 
t6e1~e oacpw~ Ott 01 nolstt nep1µ£vouv an6 tnv Enttpon~ va en£µpe1 y1a va 
61opewesl n KataoTaon. 
-3 -
Ms8060Aoyla 
To nap6v npaoavo BIPAlO von8nK£ we µtoo yaa va npoo61op1otouv 01 6uoxtp£1£C 
suptwc ,aoµatoc nou avt1µetwnl~ouv ta supwna&Ka aot&Ka ouyKpotsiµata, outwc; 
wot£ va avsups8ouv KataAAnAsc Auosac os npayµataKa npoPAnµata. 'Etoa, 
ouµpouAsu9nKaµs 6oouc; sf va1 apµ66101 y1a tn 61axslp1on aot1Kwv npoPAnµatwv, 
rexv1Kouc eµneapoyvwµovsc; Ka& aKa6nµalKouc Kat snayysAµarlsc nou 
aoxoAOUYTOI µe etµata aOTlKOU xapaKTsipa. 
raa to oKon6 aut6 c5aopyavw9nKav t~1 c5as9vslc 61a0Kt~s1c yupw an6 ta s~nc; 
npotxovta etµata : 
EyKatahh 1 µµtvsc p '01.inxav 1 de syKaTaotaos 1 c; os tt6As 1 c; µs P 1oµnxav1 K6 
ttapsA96v µttopouv va 6woouv µ1a euKaap(a otparnyaKnC Ollµaolac; yaa va 
opyavweouv unnpsolsc Kai uno6oµtc; ouvc5s6µevec µs To Ktvrpo. napac5sf yµaTa 
sfvaa 01 syaKTataOt00£lC Pirelli -Bicocca OTO M1Aavo, n Lingotto OTO 
Toplvo, ta vta oxtc51a yaa TIC P1oµnxav1dc; ~wvsc Tou Mtt1Aµttao, Tou 
P6TT£PYTaµ, TOU Birmingham, Tfl( BapK£AWVl1C Kai aAAsc;. 
H avaµ6pf1CIJ0'1 TSTO l CIJV £YKaTaOT00£CIJY OUY£1l'clY£Ta l ouxva 6T I 
ttpoypaµµatl~staa vtoc; p6Aoc; Kat s1K6va yaa tnv n6An, µe OKott6 va anoPsl 
Tl'IO £AKUOTIKO yaa ttapaywyaKtc; Kat OteyaOTlKEC £1l'£Yc5UO£l( -µ1a £UKatpla 
y 1 a vtsc; 'c5tec Ka 1 KI vntpo y 1 a Ka 1 voToµ I a. 'Onou napaµtvouv op 1 oµtvec; 
P 101.inxav 1 de c5paotnp 16Tntsc;, o 1 vtec Ka 1 o 1 rraAa 1 tc Ae' toupy l e:c Tilt 
rr6Anc; nptrre& va evapµovaoTouv. 
rto etµa auT6 Qf1l&pw8nKav 6uo 61aOKE~£lC, n µ(a OTIC Bpu£tAAec; (IOUYIOC 
1989) Kal µ(a OTO Ttpv1 (6£Ktµpp1oc 1989) Tl'OU aflOPOUOav £l6lKQ Ta 
rrpoPAnµaTa twv rr6Aswv, 6rrou OTO ttapeA96v uttnpxav xaAuPoupylsc;. 
H aot l Ksi avarrtu£n 61'UJ l OUPY1"10£ t£paot l £<: 6oµnµtvec; tt&p l oxtc; X<iJP ( c; Ta 
Pao 1 Ka yvwp I oµata rrou anoc5 ( 6ouµe OT 1 c; tt6h 1 c : 1 otop (a, As 1toupy1 Kr'} 
61a<1opottolnon, ttoA1t1ot1Kr'} .; aAAn uno6oµn -sv oAlyoac, xwpf c; µaa 
avayvwploaµn Kai µova61Kn taut6TnTa µe tnv onola va µnope( va taut10Ts( 
o ttoAlTnc. 
01 nAllKTtktc; rrepaoxtc; rrat~ouv ta rr10 opyavwµtva µtpn Tilt tt6Anc;. ruxva 
uno86Anouv tn <1Twxe1a, To EYKAnµa Ka1 tn XPnOll vapK<iJTtKWV, npoPAr'}µaTa 
Tilt ouyxpovnc Koavwvfac; µac; nou npoorraeouv va avtaµetwttloouv 01 apxtc; OE 
6Aa ta errlttec5a. 
H 61a0Ke~n Tilt Louvaln (OKTWPpaoc; 1989) aoxoAn0nKe µe auT6 To etµa Tilt 
aot1Kn<: "KaTaTµ1onc;" Ka1 t6woe napac5e(yµaTa oxe6lwv, Ta onola 
ava~woy6vnoav nep1oxtc; Tou e(6ouc; auTou Ka& anoKaTtotnoav A£1Toupy1Kouc; 
Ka1 µop<10Aoy1Kouc; 6soµouc; µs To Ktvtpo, µstatpenovtac; tee; att6 anp6owna 
unvwtnpaa os opyav1Ka µtpn tnc; n6Xnc;. 
-4 -
Kat6! ta npooexn ttn, µeyaAo µtpoc; tou oxe61aoµou Kai twv 01Kovoµ1Kci>v 
n6pwv ea a,a&pw8el oe auttc; tat 6uo µeyaAet npoKAnoeit tnv 
eyKateAeAeaµµtvn vn Kai tnv aot1Kn e~anAwon. Yn6 euputepn tvvota, n n6An 
tou 19ou a1ci>va, npoo,tpea µeyaAec; suKa1plec; y1a avavtwon • otpatci>vec;, 
VOOOKOµe(a, Ot6npo6poµlKO( Ota8µo(, O,ay&(a Kal aAAa KAnpo6otnµata TOU 
19ou atci>va, µnopouv va aYTlKataota9ouv n va anoKtnoouv vta xpnon OUTWc; 
ci>ots va PeAttw9e( n not6TnTa TWY n6Aswv µac;. 
(3) H 1tOl6tnta TOU aOTlKOU tt£PtPaAAOYTOt, KOlv6xpnOTOl XWPOl Kat tt£ptoxtc; 
npaolvou. 
0 l II KEYO (" xci>po l ' 6nAa6f\ 0 l nAau: (Et t Ta napKa Ka l aAAo l xci>po l nou 
npoo6(6ouv xapaKtf\pa ot1c; n6Ae1c; µat, txouv kaTaKA1ots( an6 auToKlvnTa 
Ka 1 n' vaK I 6ec; 61 a'nµ l oewv, evci> oTnv nep' 'tpe' a tho 1 ou e I 6out aot 1 Ka 
xapaKTnp1ot1Ka elva1 6uvaT6v va Aslnouv s~ oAoKAf\pou. H 6nµ1oupy(a ev6c; 
nep1PaAAovToc; no16TnTac; ana1tel noAu nep1006tepo an6 µep&Ka nayKaKta, 
napt£p1a Kat KaAa81a anopp1µµaTwv oe ne~o6poµnµtvec; nep1oxtc;. Anattel 
o,atptKn npootvvaon. 
H 6taoKe~n nou npayµatono1n8nKe otn Pci>µn (AeKtµl'Jptoc; 1989) e~ttaoe µ1a 
oe1pa an6 unapxouoec; eµnetplet oTn BpsTavla, oTn BapKeAci>vn, Tn Pci>µn Kat 
TO P6TTepvtaµ. 
(4) H aoT1Kn punavon otn B6peto Kat N6T10 Eupci>nn. 
Auo 61aod~e1c;, n µ(a otnv Avignon (Aedµpp1oc; 1989) Kat 11 aHn OTl'l 
Bptµn (lavouaptoc; 1990), e~ttaoav ta npaKT&Ka Kai n1eot1Ka npol'JAnµata 
TOU aot l KOU ttEp l PaHOYTOc; Ka l Tl'lV n l eavn KO l YOT t Kn Pones ta y ta Tnv 
avTtlJETWttton Touc;. 
H µ(a 6taOKE~l'l aox0An81"1KE µe ta npol'JAnµaTa TWV n6Aewv TOU N6TOU EVW ., 
aAAn µe £Kelva TWY n6Aewv TOU Boppa. 'ETOl EYlYE OUYKPtOl'l µ&Ta~u Touc;, 
a,ou eAf\,enoav un~n. 6x1 µ6vo 01 KA1µaT0Aoy1K£t 61a,op£t aAAa Kat 01 
61a,op£t OTl'lV lOTop(a, TOY noAtttoµ6 Kal Tl'lV KOIYWv(a touc;. Kal Ot 6uo 
61a0Kt~e1c; aoxoAnBnKav µe tnv atµoo,a1p1Kn punavon Kat tnv nxoppunavon, 
Tl'l 61axelp1on TWY aOTlKWY anoPAntwv, Tl'lY u6peuon Kal ta µoAuoµtva eM,n. 
AUTEc; Ot t~t 61a0Kt~e1c; unnp~av e~atpETtKa xpno1µec; yta tnv &Kn6vnon TOU 
npao t vou B t PA l ou. ruv6uaoav Tl c; aneuee lac; napatnpnos 1 c;, Tl c; nAnpo,op l sc; 
OXETtKa IJE ta U1TOPXOYTa OXE6la Kat Tl'lV OUAAOYf\ np6o,atWV 6£6oµ£vwv. 
T£Aoc;, nptne1 va tov10Te( n op1~6vTta npootyy1on nou xapaKTf\ptoe tnv 
&Kn6vnon tou nap6vtoc; npao1vou B1l3Alou. H e~sTaon Ka8e µsµovwµtvou 
napayovta nou ans 1 A£ l to ttE:p t PaHov Tl'lc; n6Anc; o6rwe l oe ppaxunp68soµec; 
AUO& t c;' 6nAa6n 0£ anAa KaTanpaUVT l Ka tnc; Kataotaonc; n 0£ anM aval3oAn. 
'Etot, 6ev apK£1 va avnouxouµe y1a tnv no16T11Ta tnc; atµ60,a1pac; µ6vo 6tav, 
6mi>c; ouµPa Ive t Ka9e xe 1 µci>va, n avaotpo'n Ka81 ota TOY atpa noHci>v n6hwv 
avun6,opo. Auto o6nye( os "tKtaKTa" µhpa ta ono(a 6ev µnopouv va 
avTtlJ&Twnloouv ttc; Pao1dc; a1Tlec;. EKelvo nou XP£tal;sTa1 s(vaa KptTtKi'l 
aVOAUOl'l TWV aOTlKWV 6oµci>v, TWV A£tTOUPYlWV touc; Kat TOU tp6nou avantu~nc; 
Touc;: µ6vov tTo 1 µnopouv va aveupe8ouv o 1 Auoe 1 c; nou ea 13£AT a ci>oouv TO 
aOTlKO Tt£ptl'JaAAOV. 
-5 -
AuT6 nou slva& oa,tt woT6oo slva& 6T& oa n6As&t ea s~aKoAou8noouv va elvaa 
onµaYTlK6Tan:c; yaa TnY Hpa&Ttpw OlKOYOIJlKn Kal KOlYWVtKn avanTu~n Tnc; 
Eupcimnc;, aK6µn Kt av o a n:xvoAoy 1 Ktt µetaPoUc; ,a (vet a a va 6£ ( xvouv To 
avT(8£TO. Ol n6Astc; nou naAta nTav yvwoTtt yaa Tn xaAuPoupy(a Touc; n Ta 
vaunnye(a Tout 6nwc; To AlPepnouA, To Shefffleld, n Li I le, n Ruhr Kaa n 
rtvopa, npayµaTa u,loTavTat Ta anoTsAtoµaTa 6tap8pwTtKci>v µsTaPoAci>v. Mn 
aot1Ktc; nep1oxtt otKovoµtKnc; 6paoTnpt6TnTac;, ouv6e6µevec; µe tnv 
nA£KTPOVlKn, £µ,av(~ovTal en( napa6e(yµaTl OTnv tAav6pa, tn N6Tl0 raAAla n 
OTrtV neptoxn TOU T(P£Prt KOVTQ OTn Pci>µn. EntnAtov, 6A£t Ol £TrlKOlYWYl£t OTO 
OUYOAO £V6c; XWPlOU £n1Tptnouv anoK£VTPWIJSV£c; 6paoTnp16TnT£c; nou hKlVOUV 
an6 Tic; otKovoµ1Ktc; unnpeolec; µtxp1 Tnv tpeuva Kai Tnv oAoKAnpwµtvn 
napaywvn. Twv onolwv n 61axelpaon npayµaTonotelTa1 £~ anooTaoewc; an6 tYaY 
unoAOVlOTn. 
KaTa napa6o~o Tp6no 6µwc; n aYson nou naptxouv ot £~ anooTaoewc; nAnpo,oplec; 
au~QY£l Tnv avayKn YlO £Tra,tc; EK TOU OUVEyyuc;. 0& n6AElc; 6&£UKOAUYOUY Ttc; 
ena,tc; auTtc; µ£ Tnv nuKY6tnta Touc; Kai µe TOY p6Ao nou 61a6paµaTlZ:ouv we; 
110Taupo6p6µ la" TWY µ£Taq»opci>v. H 6nµ l oupy l Kn avanTu~n OUYXPOYWY npo"i6VTWV 
Ka1 unnpeotci>v ana1Tsl Tnv unap~n µeyaAnc; notKtAlac; £~£t6tK£uµtvwv eapoci>v, 
Tac; onolec; µ6vov oa n6Aetc; µnopouy Ya naptxouY t6oo £UKoAa. H 11nat6ela" 
ayayYwplZ:eTa1 nAtov we; napayovtac; o onoloc; unepPalv£1 Ta 6pta Tnc; a6awttKnc; 
Z:wnc; Kat 6aa6paµatlZ:ea onµaYTIK6tato p6Ao oTnY 01KoY0µ1Kn 6nµaoupyaK6tnTa. 
Ot neptoo6tepec; £upwna1Ktc; n6Ae1c; txouv nauoea va aYantuooovtaa Kat -6nwc; 
EYac; µeonA l Kac; -aYaAoy ( Z:oYTO I TOY OKOtr6 Tnc; unap~nc; Touc;, Ta UTrOPXOYTQ 
touc; Kai Ttc; entAoytc; Touc; y1a to µt>.>.oY. E~a(peon anoteAouv ot n6Aetc; Tou 
N6tou, 6nou n aypotaKn µeTavaoteuon e~aKoAoueel Ya 61oyKci>ve1 tov nAneuoµ6 
op I OIJEVWY n6A£wy • aHec; n6>.e I c; 6nwc; TO Be:po~ l V0 OVT l IJETWtr ( Z:ouY µla VEa 
µ£TQYOOT£UOn 6taq»op£TIKOU e(6ouc;. AK6µn KOl ETOl 6µwc;, KOl £16lKQ (owe; OTlc; 
n6>.e1c; auttc; 6nou unapxet ouvextc; avxoc;, Tl8eYtaa PaoaKa etµata nou acpopouv 
tnY not6tnta Tou neptPa>.Aovtoc;. 
Ee yevtKec; ypaµµtc; navtwc; 11 avantu~n TOU nAn9uoµou EXEl Ota8eponoan9e(. H 
Kateueuvon 6ev elvat nAtov va 6nµ1oupy118ouv vtec; nepa,tpetec; aAAa va 
P£AtlW9ouv KQl va avanAaoeouv Ol n6n unapxouoec;. Autn n 61a61Kaola acpopa 
6xa µ6vo Tnv oaKoAoyla un6 Tl"I otevn tvvoaa, aAAa Kaa tnv apxtTeKtovtKn autn 
Ka9' autn. Ta totoptKa Ktvtpa twv n6>.ewv µac; PePn>.ci>SnKav an6 tnv etoxci>pnon 
avci>vuµwv KOUTtci>v nou txouv tnv l6ta µopcpn oe 6Aec; ttc; xci>pec;. H enavacpopa 
tnc; apµov ( ac; µe TO na>.a t 6 orwa ( ve l noHa nep a oo6T£pa an6 Tnv anoµ l 1.111011 
entcpavetaKci>v tunoAoytKci>v OTotxelwv. Anaatel oePaoµ6 8e:µe>.aw6ci>v napa66oewv 
otn £TrlAovn TWV UAlKWV, trOlKtAoµopcp(a Ktlp(wv KOi tr0AU-A£1TOUPYIK6tnta. H 
an>.n uno61 a (peon oe Z:ci>vec; nptne l va avt a KataotaBe: l an6 TllV avantu~n tnc; 
n6>.nc; µ£ Poon tva oxt6ao nou Ba 6aaocpa>.IZ:ea vta no16tnta KotvwvaKnc; Kai 
OlKOVOIJIKnc; Z:wnc;. 
-6 -
KEiAJ\AIO 1o TO MEAAON TOY AITIKOY nEPIBAAAONTOI 
1. n6ln Kaa AaTaKowolnon 
Atr6 TOV Msoa(wva µhpa TO OUYXPOVfl £1fOXO, fl KOlVWVlKO, trOAltlOTlKO Kai 
OlKOVOIJlKO avatrtu~n tnc; Eupwnnc; OaolotnK£ otnv tr6An : n aoxuc; tnc; ataAtKnc; 
n6Anc; -Kpata6(ou, n sunµspla twv XavosataKwv n6Aswv Kat twv µsyaAwv 
eupwnalKwv Aaµtvwv, n Kupaapxla twv npwteuouowv npayKntratwv Kaa PaoaAelwv, 
n 6nµaoupytK6tnta twv navenaotnµtoun6A£wv 6nwc; n MnoAwvaa, n npaya, to 
nap(ot O n Colmbra. 01 eupwtralKtc; tr6Aetc; ,tpouv ta lxvn Tflt traAnc; IJETa~u 
n6Anc; Kaa una(8pou, µeta~u KuPspvwvtwv Ka& KuPEpvouµtvwv, IJEta~u nAouoawv 
Kat 'TWXWV -µaptup(a TOU p6Aou trOU 6ta6paµataoav OTO KOIVWVlKO Kai 
noA1t1Ko avantu~n nou, 6nwc; ano6elxtnKs otn An~Ela to 1989, ouvExl~Eta1. 
H Ko1vn aotop(a touc;, t6woe otac; eupwnaaKtc; n6Asac; Koavn 6~n : touc; µaKpouc; 
6p6µouc; Kai Ta OOKOKla TWV µeoalWVlKWV KtVTPWV• Ta µsyaAa tpya TWV 
trPlYKntrWV TOU 180U aawva• TOUt µeyaAouc; IJETaoxnµataoµouc; TOU 190U Kat TOU 
trp,lµou 200U aawva• TflV aVOtrTU~fl trpoaot(WV Kai tr6AEWV -UtrVWTflp(wv, Otte; 
ono ( ec; apy6npa npoott8nKav v t yavtt a (a sµnop 1 Ka dvtpa· tnv napaKµn twv 
KEVTPWV, trOU. atr6 T6trol 61aµovoc; TWV µeoa(wv Kai avwTEPWV OlKOVOIJIKQ 
OTPWIJQTWV µetatptnovtaa OE Ktvtpa £~£t6lK£Uµtvwv eµnoptKWV Kai 6lOlKflTlKWV 
6paOTflPlOTOTWV• Kai, ttAoc;, tnv EtOPOAO tnc; KUKAo,opaaKnc; ouµ,6pnonc;, TWV 
aot t K'v autoK a vnto6p6µwv Ka a TllV oµo 16µop'n Ka a µttp 1 a apx a TEKtov t KO oto 
KtvTpo Kaa Tnv nep1,tps1a. 
1000 trAno1atouµ£ trpoc; TOV 210 aawva, 01 EUPWtralKEt tr6A£lt 8a E~aKoAoU9000UV 
va atrOTEAouv Ta KUpla KtVTpa OIKOVOIJlKr'tc; 6pa0Tnp16Tntac;, KalVOToµlac; Kal 
trOAlTlOIJOU. H 6aaxelp10ll TOU aOTIKOU nepaPaAAOVTOc; Kai ll tro16tnTa ~wnc; TWV 
noAtT'v touc; unepPalvea snoµtvwc; Tn µtpaµva yaa Tnv KaAn ,uoaKn KaTaotaon 
tou aotaKou nAneuoµou Tilt Ko1v6tntac;. EKslvn nou 61aKuPsusta1 elva1 n 
no16TnTa TOU "noAITIOIJOU" OTlt 1(10 trpaKTIKtc; £K6nAwos1c; OlKOVOIJlKOt, 
£1fl0TlllJOVlKOt Kai KOlVWVlKOt AElToupy(ac; TOU. 
Mnopouµs va µ1Aaµe yaa "tr6AEtc;" n trpttrEI va Tit avaAoyat6µaot£ we; "aOTtKtc; 
nspaoxtc;"; H XPOOll tou AE~lAoylou tou napsA96vtoc; µnopsl va sµno6(os1 rnv 
Katav61lon vtwv npayµaT1Kotntwv. o suputspoc; 6poc; sn161wKs1 va nep1ypa~e1 
TO OUYXPOVO ,aav6µ£VO, ouµ,wva IJE TO ono(o tva lOTOPlK6 KeVTPO, trOU TO (610 
txe 1 unoon ( µsyaAEc; aHaytc; trep a PaHETa 1 an6 µ 1 a nep, ,tpe 1 a noAu6po,wv 
Kttp(wv 0 IJlKPOaOTlKWV KaTOlKlWV. Ol aotadc; trepaoxtc; 61a1pouvta1 Kai, 
taur6xpova, ouv6tovtaa µs tva sn1Ko1vwv1aK6, 061K6 Kat 0161lP06poµ1K6 6(Ktuo 
trOU £1fltptn£l Tfl OUVEXO K(VflOfl 1fPOOW1fWV Kat aya8wv. 
H nep1,tps1a 6sv txsa oa'n 6paa, ouTe aKpapwc; Ka8optoµtvll 60µ0. 01 "aot1Ktc; 
nepaoxtc;" avaapouv EV TtAE1 tnv tvvoaa Tnc; (61ac; Tnc; n6Anc; : anoPalvouv 
"µera -aoT 1 Ka" cpa 1 v6µeva, noAu anoµaKpuoµtva an6 TllV napa6oo 1 aKr't ea K6va 
rnc; n6Allc; np av tn Pa oµllxav 1 KO &:navaoraoll Ka a aK6µ1l Tile; n6Anc; rou 19ou 
aa,va. Op1oµtvo1 EIJ1fElPOYVWIJOVEt TOU OOIA 0 TWV Hvwµtvwv E8v'v 6£V 
xpno1µono1ouv nAtov Ka96Aou tov 6po "aotu" Kai npottµouv va ava,tpovta1 OE 
"01K1oµouc;", OE avt161aotoM npo,av'c; µe tac; npootatEu6µsvsc; ,uoadc; 
tr£p1oxtc; 0 Tic; µn KaTOlKOOllJEt A6yw µop,oAoy(ac; TOU E6a,ouc;. 
-7 -
ntpa an6 tnv tvvola Tl'l<: ayKataotaonc;. n aot&Konolnon µnopa( va voneel we; 
µovttAo atoµlKn<: Kal KOlYWYlKnc; ouµnepl,opac;. Ta KatavaAwtlKa µovttAa. ta 
nAnpo,oplaKa 6(Ktua Kal Ol KOlYWYlKtc; oxtoelc; 6ev e(val nAtov £Kelvec; tnc; 
YElTOYlQ(; " £K£(vec; Tl'l<: 6lsupuµtvnc; OlKoytvstac; TOU XWPlOU 1TPlV Tl'lY £1TOXri 
t11c; J31oµnxavonol11onc;. Yn6 tnv tvvota autri, sKslvo nou xapaKt11pl~e1 tac; 
nsp1006tspac; n6As1c; tnc; Ko1v6tntac; e(va1 tvac; ev1a(oc; tp6noc; ~wric; 
Ol supwna·idc;: n6A£l<; µo&a~ouv snlonc; µua~u touc; yaa tva aHo A6yo : 
'lAO~EVOUV 6Ao Kal 1TEPl006TEPO Ta 'TWX6tepa µtAn Tl1<; KOlYWVlac;: 0£ yKtTo OTO 
EOWTEPlK6 TWV 1T6AEWY ti 0£ 'TWXOVElTOYltc; tnc; 1T£p1,tpe1ac;. AK6µn, TO 
,a 1 v6µevo aut6, 61 a,opono l £ (ta' an6 µ6vo tou, 6e6oµtvou 6t 1 naAa l 6Tspo' 
Kato1Ko1 twv n6Aswv, µstavaotec; t11c; una(9pou, vso,spµtvo1 eupwna(o1 ri µ11 
OUVU1TOPXOUY µep1dc; 'optc; 6UOKOAa. 0 aypot1K6c; KOi 11Uvoc;11 tp6noc; ~wric; 
avaµe1yvuovta1 µ& noAu J3pa6u pu9µ6 µ£oa ot11v 0µ01oµop,(a nou £xe1 en1J3aA£l 
n ouyxpov11 napaywvri Ka 1 KaTavaAwon, Ka 1 avaveti>vouv OE ouvsxti J3ao11 tnv 
nAouota no1K1Aoµop,(a, 11 ono(a anotsh( tva an6 ta npoo6vTa t11c; aoTtKtic; 
~wri c; . 
H n6An we; oxt610 
'Exouv a,alptO£l Ol "aOTIKtc; 1T£ptoxtc;" Kai Ol 61aq>op£TIKO( TP61TOI ~wric; Tnv 
tvvota tnc; ouvoxric; an6 t11v "n6An"; Na1, £Kt6c; e:AaxloTwv e~aaptoswv 01 
onµepavtc; n6Aslc; 6sv txouv noAAa Koava onµsla µe: tac; npoKat6xouc; touc; tou 
18ou Kai 19ou aati>va. Kata tic; teAsutalec; 6sKastlsc; avaKaAu,enKs Kai naAl n 
a~ (a tnc; ~wtk otnv n6An Ka 1 au~r\0nKe n onµao I a tnc; no l 6tntac; ~wric; OT 1 c; 
EUPW1TOlKtc; n6Ae1c;. 
Ev µtpe I aut6 OVTOYOKAO TflV 01TOTUX (a tnc; 1TEP, ,EPE I ac; Tl1V avunap~ (a 
611µ601ac; ~wric;, Tl'lV EV6£1a 1TOl6£(ac;, Tl1V 01TT&Kri µOVOTOTOV(O,TO xaµtvo XP6VO 
OT I c; µ£Taq>op£c;. AVT' 8£Ta' n n6>.n 1TPOOq>ep£ l 1TUKV6tnTa Ka l 1TO I KI A' a· TOY 
anote:>.soµat1K6 ouv6uaoµ6 an6 ano~n s~o1Kov6µnonc; xp6vou Ka& evtpyeaac; 
KOIVWV&Kti>v KOi OIKOV0µ1Kti>v AEITOUpy1ti>v· Tl'lV EUKOlp(a anoKaTaOTaonc; Tl'l<; 
nAOUOlac;: OPXlTEKTOVlKric; 1TOU µac; KAf1pov6µnos TO nap£A86v. 0 6poc; "aOTlKti 
nspaoxti" elval µ1a otatlOt1Kri tvvo1a. 01 n6As1c;: s(va1 oxt61a yaa tva vto 
tp6no ~wtic; Kai spyaolac;. H "n6An" e(val n op8ri At~n nou nptnel va 
XPl'lOlµOlTOlE(Tal 6tav ava,sp6µaOT£ OTl'lV aOTIKti OlKOAoy(a. 
H Evlala Ayopa sn1one:u6e1 Tl'l 61a61Kaola 61sevonolnonc;, µe: sn1nT<.i>oe:1c; otnv 
KOIVWVtKf) OUVOXfl, Tl'lV OlKOYOµtKti AEITOUpy(a Kal Tl'lV 1TOl6tnta ~wf)c; TWV 
n6AE:wv. 
o p6Aoc; op 1 oµtvwv n6AE:wv we; dvtpwv y 1 a 6paotnP 16tntsc; tou TP 1 toyevouc; 
toµta £1Tlt£lvstat, svaoxuovTac; Tnv nleon nou aoKeltat Ota Ktvtpa an6 tnv 
KataoKeuti ypa,slwv Kal tnv 6xAnon tnc; KUKAoq>oplac;, µsati>vovtac; inv 
no1K1A6tnta tnc; ~wric; otnv n6An Kat 61Ka10Aoyti>vtac; ttot tnv t~o6o npoc; ta 
npoaot1a. 'ooec; KatotKlsc; anoµtvouv elva1 via touc; 'twxouc; Kat touc; 
µe:tavaotsc;, EKT6c; an6 op1oµtvouc; eu>.aKec; y1a touc; EUnopouc;. 
1AAA£<; 1T6AEl<; µnope( VO Jlp(OKOVTOI £Kt6c; TWY 1TEPIOX<.i>V OUVXPOVl'l<; OlKOVOµlKric; 
avantu~nc;. np6Ke1ta1 Kuplwc; yaa n6>.eac; 01 ono(ec; onav1a tAaJ3av µtpoc; otn 
aaoµnxavono(non TOU 190U KOi 200U atti>Va, Kai EKE(VE<; 1TOU £~£16lKEU911KOV 0£ 
J31oµnxavle:c; nou tti>pa txouv ,elvouoa onµaola via tov nponvµtvo K6oµo. 
-8 -
1~0 ~ ~~xu~~~e~~ ~v6wtu~n 6oo Kai n 01Kovoµ1Kn napaKµn nou op1oµtvec; toptc; 
e(va1 6uoKoAo va eAevxeouv, 8ttouv tic; apxtc; twv noAewv antvavt1 oe 6uoKoAa 
Kal, ouxva aAuta npoPAnµata. 
Inµepa unapxe1 avaµtlPoAa au~nµtvoc; avtaywv1oµoc; via enev6uoe1c; µeta~u 
tono8eo1wv oAwv twv e16wv, ouµnep1Aaµpavoµtvwv twv noAewv. n6A£1c; nou 
PploKovtal oe KEVTPlKa onµela enwteAouvta1 xwplc; aµt1P0Ala ano tnv au~non 
nou naptxe1 n Ev1ala Ayopa otn 61e8vn 01Kovoµla napoxnc; unnpeoawv. Ie aAAec; 
n0Ae1~ n µtp1µva yaa tn 6nµ1oupyla etoewv epyaolac; o6nye( tic; tonlKtc; apxtc; 
va npoottpouv OXI µ6vo tOPOAoy1Ktc; £AatPUV0£1c; Kal XWPOUc; npao(vou yla tnv 
eyKataotaon Ploµnxav1wv, aAAa Kai oto va enavaAaµpavouv ouxva ta otaAµata 
tou napeU6vtoc; µe to va en1tptnouv µla ttwxn oe nEPlPaHovtaKn nol6tnta 
avantu~n. 
H ouo I a tnc; Eupwna"iKn~ npootyy 1 one; 
6uo e(vaa ta oto1xela nou anoteAouv tn Paon yaa µaa EupwnalKt't npootyy1011 
£ l 6 l Ka y 1 a t 1 c; n6AE 1 c;. To npwto £ ( va 1 ot 1 µnope I aK6µn va 61 aow8£ ( 11 
eupwna·iKt't n6An. H eupwna"ikt't n6An txe' KO a va npoPAnµata µe nAouo' ec; Ka l 
ttwxtc; noAE I c; 0£ aHec; l'lnE ( pouc; -KUKAOtOP I OKO OUµtopnon, tTWXOYE I TOY l ec; 
oto Ktvtpo Ka1 tnv nep1,tpe1a, aKataAAnAn uno6oµft, punavon -ta npoPAnµata 
6µwc; auta nou napouo1a~ovta1 oe aKpalec; µopttc; otac; aAAec; nne(pouc; 6uoKoAa 
ouvavtwvta1 otnv Eupwnn. H µeyaAn n(eon nou aoKeltaa otac; n6Ae1c; -
nAneuoµaaKn tKpn~n Kal aypotlKO µetavaoteuon -elva1 oe µeyaAo Pa8µ6, eav 
6x1 anoKAElOTlKa, yvwp(oµata tou napeA86vtoc; otnv Eupwnn, µe e~a(peon µ6vo 
tnv o 1Kovoµ1 KO avanTu~n, 11 ono (a µnope ( va npoottpe 1 Ta o' Kovoµ' Ka Ka' 
texv0Aoy1Ka µtoa y1a va 61op8w8ouv 01 ~nµlec; nou µnope( va npoKaAtoe1. 
To 6eutepo e161Ka eupwna"iK6 oto1xelo slva1 11 Kata napa60011 6toµeuon tnc; 
Eupci>nn~ OE auto nou oftµepa anoKahltal "KOIVWVIKO ouvoxft". Ta npoPAftµata 
TWV tTWXOTEPWV n£plOXWV £~anAwvovtal 0£ 6A£c; Tic; n0Ae1c; tnc; KOIVOTl'ltac; Kal 
01 npoona8e1£~ nptne1 aKplPwc; va txouv w~ ot6xo 61Ka16tepec; Kal 
a~1onpentotepec; ouv8t'tKec; 6aaPlwonc;. 01 noAeac;, 6nwc; ano6£1Kvue1 11 AvatoAlKO 
Eupwnri, e~aKoAoueouv va elvaa o t6noc; 6nou avantuooetaa 11 611µ0Kpatla. ITl'l 
6uon, 11 tpaon "Stadtluft macht frel" -o atpac; tnc; n6Anc; 0£ eAeu8epwv£l -
PPriK£ vta onµao (a y l I autouc; nou ~£t£UYOUV an6 µla ~wn xwp ( c; 6ouh la n 
npoontaKtc;. 
H euriµepla tnc; Eupwnnc; Kaa 01 olKovoµ1dc; anotuxlec; tnc; Eupwnnc; elvaa 
eKelvec; nou aoKouv n1toe1c; ot1c; noAeac;. Kata tov (610 Tpono, n Eupwnn oav 
ouvoAo elvaa £K£1vn nou anoAaµpavea tnv OlKovoµ1Kn anoteAeoµat&Kotnta, tnv 
Ko1vwv1Kn ota9ep6tnta Kai tnv oµoptaa twv noAewv nou eunµepouv. re 
ouvepyaola µe tic; ton1Ktc; Kat s8v1Ktc; apxtc; n Ko1votnTa µnope( Kaa nptnea 
va ouµPaAEa otov e~wpa·ioµ6 µlac; Koavnc; KAnpovoµ1ac; Kai oTnv eKnAOpwon 
KOlVWV Ka8nKOVTWV. 
.... -9 -
O p6Aoc; twv n6Aewv 
H aot 'Kn avantu~n e Iva' to atroTtAeoµa tou ouv6uaoµou tnc; o' Kovoµ' Kile;, 
KOlVWVlKl'lc;, ltOAltlOTlKl'lc; Kal ltOAltlKnt 6uvaµaKnt : 
fl OlKOVOIJlKfl 6uvaµ&Kfl: fl tr6An £(Val OUVWVUIJfl µe tn Y£ltv(aon, 6£6oµtvou 
6tl naptxe& noAAatrAtc; etra,tc; Kal 6paotnpa6tntec; nou tnv Ka8lOtouv ttol 
£trlk£VTPO tnc; trAnpof6pnonc; Kai kEVTPO 6'11JlOUPYIK6tntac;. Autn n 1Kav6tnta 
va OUVKEVTPWVE l touc; 0 I KOVOIJ I Kouc; trapayovtac; trOU µntxouv 0£ 6Aa ta 
ota6' a trapaywync;, tpeuvac; Ka' KatavaAwonc; trpoodKue' t 'c; em xe' pnoe' c; 
Ota aOTIKQ Ktvtpa. 
n KO' vwv l Ki) 6uvaµ' Ki) n n6An OUYKEVTPWVE I µayaAo fOOµa KO I vwv I KWV 
6t£UKOAUVOEWY (na161Kouc; ota9µouc;, VOOOKOIJE(a, utrnpeo(ec; KOtYWYIKWV 
un11peotwv, t<.A.tr.), TCIJV ono(wv o p6Aoc; anoKta µeyaA11 onµao(a yta ta 
rµnµata eKelva rou nAneuoµou trou nep18wp1otrolouvta1 atr6 tnv 
utroatraox6Anon, rnv avepyla Kai tn fTWXEta. npayµara, n ouyKtvrpwon 
KOIYWVIKWY npor.JAnµaTCIJY £UYO£( TflY KaTOPTIOfl kat TflV QOkflOfl 1t£ptoo6T£PO 
et 611<wv napa yev' Kwv noA at a 1<wv avt 1µerwn1 one; rou trpor,JAOµatoc;. H tr6An 
OUYK£YTPWV£t Etr(onc; Tit EUKatp(ec; atraox6Anonc;, yeyov6c; trOU TflY Ka9lOTQ 
161a(tspa EAKUOTtKti. f£YtK6Tspa, n n6An ltPOOftpst £1ttAoytc; : KOIYWYIKWY 
oxtoewv, £Ktra(6euonc;, unnpsoawv Kat epyaolac;. 
n trOAITIOTtKai 6uvaµ1Kti : 6trwc; Kat OTOY KOIYWVtK6 toµea OTOV ono(o 
aVOK£l, 0 trOAITIOTtK6t p6Aoc; Tflt tr6Aflt E~aptatat an6 TflV 1tUKY6tnta, Tfl 
vsttv(aon Kat rnv etrtAoyn. Ot trapayovtec; auto( 6aeuKoAuvouv tnv 
"trapayC1Jyf1" trOAtttottKwv 6paotnptotntC1Jv Kat tnv "KatavaAwon" rouc;. 
EnttrAtov, n totoptKr't KAnpovoµaa rnc; tr6Ant ntrptttet µova61dc; 
ot1<ovoµ1Ktc; 6paornp16tntec; trou ouv6eovra1 µe tov noAtttoµ6, 
OUIJtrEplAaµPavoµtvou TOU TOUPlOIJOU. 
n troAltlKO 6uvaµ1Kn : treptoo6tspo atr6 onou6nttote aAAou, n tr6An npttret va 
avtanoKpa8e( aneu9elac; ota alttiµata twv noAatwv rnc; yla "KaAti 
6&aKU(3epvf10fl". E(Val 0 t6troc; 6trOU fl OIJ£0fl OUIJIJeTOXn S(Val 6uvatfl Kal 
au~aveta I ouvexwc;' Kat OtrOU TO atoµo µtrope ( va avantu~e I I.IE IJEYOAfl 
eAeu8ep(a to a(o8nµa tilt trpooC1Jtrt1<nc; Ka& troA1t1Ktit a~(ac;. Aev e(va1 
tuxalo 6t1 troAltnc;, citizen, cltoyen, clttadlno n Burger µaptupouv tnv 
troAttaKn Kupaapxla otac; YAwooec; µac;. 
Ar11-11 oupy' K6tnta 
H OlKOVOIJIKO KOi KOtVWYlKO onµao(a Tflt tr6Anc; Pao(~etat OS t£A£Uta(a avaAuon 
OTflV £UKOA(Q StrtKOlYWVlac; nou trPOOfepetal atr6 tnv trUKV6tnta TOU xwpou Kat 
tnv euputatn nolKtAla K6oµou Kat eeoµwv nou µtropouv va eKµetaAAeutouv autn 
tnv eu1<atpla. To tnAtfC1Jvo Kat n ~eu~n 6e6oµtvwv 6ev µtropouv va 
UtrOKataotnoouv trOAAa aAAa £(6n EtrlKOlVCIJY(ac; trOU Utreppa(vouv TflV avtaAAayn 
nAnPOfOPtWV• avtl9eta, n atrOT£AEOIJQTtKti nA£KTPOVlKO £nlKOtvwvla au~aV£l Tn 
~titnon YlQ aµeoec; etraftc;. AUTO tOXU&t KUplwc; YlQ ouAAOVlKtc; atrOf00£lt trOU 
(3ao(~ovtat oe trotottKec; Kp(oeac;, Kat yta avtaXAaytc; trAnpofopawv, ot otrolec; 
npoof£pouv tnv anp6oµevn, a1<6µn Kat µn £trl6t~xeeloa anavtnon an6 tnv otrola 
trpotpxetat n npayµattKn Katvotoµ(a. H µetaKlvnon Kat ot tnAentKoavwvtaKtc; 
utrnpeo l ec; jJa6 l ~ouv trapaHnAa v a a va f3on9noouv tn 6rw t oupy (a tou 
tr£P l f3aAAovtoc; trOU Sa trpOO£AKUO£ t t6oo touc; en t XE t pnµat ( £<; 600 Kat touc; 
KatolKouc; va epya~ovtat Kal va ~ouv otac; tr6Aeac;. 
-10 -
Ev oA ~yen~, n aon 1<1\ £1u KO 1 vwv I a npow8£ I tnv £tt 1otnµov1 Kl\, opyavwt 1 Kn. 
Ko' vwv' Kn Kal 61avont1 Kn cSnµ 'oupy 11<6tnta, " ono la anotde: I µla an6 T' c; 
KIVJlTOPlOUC 6uvaµs1c avantulnc; tnc snoxnc µ£TO T'lV Paoµnxavono(non. 
Ex9po( tnc; 6nµ1oupy1K6tntac; autl\c; £lva1, a'ev6c;, n anp6ownn ££anAwon twv 
nspaxwpwv os oxs66v aypottktc; nspaoxtc nou anoµovwvouv Tov av8pwno• 
a'sTtpou, aKpwc; £~£l6lK£Uµtvsc; ttOAlTlKSC yaa T'l XPnon Y'lC µtoa Otte; n6l£1c;, 
Ol onolsc 6nµaoupyouv A£1TOUPYlKOUC 8ulaK£C Kai KOlVWVlKO YKETO 6µ01a 
µeta~u touc; navsn1otnµ1oun6As1c; ot1c; napu,tc; T'lC n6Anc;, ouyKtvTpwon 
Tpanetwv OTO Ktvtpo, PaoµnxavtKtc; twvec; nou 6sv 6aa9tTouv out£ Kav anltc; 
unnpeo(sc KOi pp(OKOYTOI µaKpla an6 TIC KOTOIKlsc. H £1tEKtaon TWV 1t£PIXWPWY 
Kai n £~s16(Ksuon ouv6tovTa1 aµ,6tsp£c; µs TO aotaK6 n£paPalAov : u'lotavta1 
616t1 naptxouv ,uvn n npootao(a an6 Tnv aOTIKI\ VEKpwon, 'TWX£la KOi 
punavon. To va ava6nµ 1 oupyn&e I n not Ka A6µop'n 116An 110Hanlwv ha toupy 1 wv 
Tnc; Eupw11nc; TWY 1tOllTWY s(vaa snoµtvwc tva KOlYWVlK6 Kat OlKOVOIJlK6 oxt610 
yaa to 0110(0 n "noa6TnTa twnc" 6sv slvaa noAuTtle1a alla ouo1w6£c; otoaxslo. 
Asv unapxs' svaAAaKT I KO Auon OTl'IV o,s' An 1TOU unapxs l tvavt I tnc aot 'KOC 
Eupwnnc;. o a otaT 1OT1 de; nou 6s l XYouv tn µs l won tou nln8uoµou op 1 oµtvwv 
n6Aewv ava,tpovtaa we ano6s1KT1K6 otoaxslo tnc; napaKµnc; Touc;. Ta nsplxwpa 
6µwc; Ota ono(a syKataota9nKav 01 µttotKOt e~aKoAou9ouv va s~apTWvtat an6 
TIC n6Asac; y1a tnv KOlVWVlKO Kat OlKOVOIJlKO ~WTtK6tnta touc. 
npayµata, svw os opaoµtvsc; n6Astc; TO psuµa npoc; ta npoaot1a s~aKolou9s( -
µe anottAsoµa to Ktvtpo twv n6Aswv autwv va KataAaµpavsta1 an6 01Koytvs1sc; 
µe xaµnla £10061\µata 1tOU ~OUV 6(nla OTOUC 8ulaK£C ypa,s(wv -0£ allsc; Ol 
euKoA { ec; Ka 1 to K { vntpo twnc; otnv n6An avaKalunteta 1 Ka 1 naA 1 . r a a va 
e~aKoAouenosa n taon autn, o 96puPoc nou o6nvsl tov K6oµo otnv nouxla tnc; 
s~oxnc; nptnsa va µsaw8s{, o atpac; va PsAt1w8s(, 01 avoaxTo{ xwpoa va µnv 
elva1 nUov xwpo1 ota9µ£uonc; Kat vnol6ec; KUKAo,oplac. 'Ola auto 
nepaypa,ovtaa Asntoµeptotspa oto sn6µevo tµl\µa. To tsleutalo tµnµa e~eta~e1 
TlC Pa9utepec; aatlec; tnc; aot1Kt'lc; un0Ba8µ1011c;, n ono(a ana1ts( vta 
ouAAoy10T1Kn os 6Aa ta snlns6a KaTaptaonc; µaac; noAaTtKnc;. 
2. To aoTtK6 wcpapaAAov 
AYtKa9sv, to aoT1K6 nsp1PaAAov yvwp1ts 6uoKoll£c;. o 86pupoc; l\TaY np6PAnµa 
oTnY apxala Pwµn• n KUKAo,opla t,pate Touc; 6p6µouc; oto naplo1 TOY 180 
alWVa• TOY 190 Kat 200 alWYa unftp£e ttl'18Wpa aYaAU0£WY yaa T'lV punaYO'l Kat 
t 1 c; ox Mos 1 c; nou taAa a nwpouv touc; Kato ( Kouc; twv n6hwv, 1 61 a ( T£pa touc; 
,Twx6tepouc; an6 autouc;. 
H no16Tnta T'lC twnc; otnv n6An PsAtaw9nKs a108nta tov nspaoµtvo a1wva. Kata 
Ta TEAn TOU 19ou QlWVa Ol KaTO&Klsc; OUY6tenKav µs TO nl£KTPIK6 Kal TO 
anoxu£uT11<6 6lKTuo. Kai Kata Ta TtAn µ6vo tnc; 6s1<astlac; Tou '50 01 
nsp1006tspsc n6As1c; svtpynoav outwc; WOT£ va µsawoouv Tnv atµoo,a1p1Kn 
punavon an6 T'lV OlKlaKn etpµavon nbu Pao1t6TaY OTOV av8paKa. Ot PeAttW0£lC 
auttc; avtavaKAwvtat oTnv au~non Tou µtoou 6pou ~wnc;, otn µslwon tou 
1tOOOOTOU T'l~ na161Knc; 9v~o1µ6tnTa~. K.A.n. 
noAla npoPAnµata napaµtvouv, slvaa 6µw~ Aay6Tspo sµ,avn 1<a1 Kata ouvtnsaa 
npoKaAouv µ&Kp6tepo £v61a,tpov. Ta aoT11<a anox£t£UT&Ka ouotl\µata PsAtlwoav 
tnv UYl£lVO TWV n6Aswv, puna(vouv 6µwc WOTaµout Kai WKSOVOUt nou pp(OKOVTOl 
£Kt6t twv n6A£wv. Opaoµtva £16n puuavont £Iva& aKpw~ a108nt6 µ6vo oe 
opaoµtva µtpn T'l~ n6An~. 
-11 -
'AAAa -6nwc; n atµoo,a1p1Kn punavon nou npoKaAsltaa an6 tac; (310µ11xavlsc; Kaa 
TllV KUKAo,op(a TWV aUTOKlVOTWV, 0 86pupoc; TWV aspooKa~wv, K.A.n. -µnope( 
va unot1µn8s( 616t1 sµ~av(~ovtal µ6vo opaoµtvsc; •optc; 0 yaa µ1Kp6 XPOVlK6 
61aotnµa. 
Ta anotsAtoµata noAAwv an6 touc; punouc; autouc; slva1 µaKponp68soµa, Kal os 
op1oµtvsc; nsp1ntwos1c; e:lva1 suKoA6tspo va 61an10Tw8s( n ~nµla nou npoKaAouv 
OTl'l 'UOfl 0 Ota Ktlpla napa 11 apyn •9opa nou npoKaAOUV OTflV uys(a TOU 
av8pwnou. 
H uys(a TWV KatolKWV TWV n6Ae:wv Ka8lotaTal nAtov 8tµa nou OUYK£VTPWV£l 6Ao 
Ka 1 nsp 'oo6tspo sv61 a•tpov. Ml a an6 Tl c; ans l Ate; Kata tnc; uys ( ac; s (val n 
nUKV~ aOtlKO KUKAo,op(a. To µovo~s(6lO TOU av8paKoc; an6 Tlc; £Knoµntc; TWV 
aUTOKlVntWV µnops( Va OUYK£VTPW8£( 0£ oupayysc; 0 un6y£lOUc; XWPOUc; 
ota9µsuonc;. Mnops l 6s va npoKaUos l PAa(Jn oto avanvsuot 'K6 ouotnµa, va 
sµno6los1 tnv anopp6,llOll tou o~uy6vou an6 tnv a1µ00,a1plvn Kal va 
npoKaAtosa syKs,aA1Kn ouµ,6pnon otouc; 11A1K1wµtvouc;. 
Y6poyova8paKsc; nou npotpxovTa 1 an6 atsAE l c; Kauoe 1 c; avt 16pouv µs aAAouc; 
punouc; oto nA a aK6 •we; napayovtac; npo"i6vTa nou sp£9 l ~ouv ta µat1 a Ka a 
PAanTouv To avanvsuot1K6 ouotnµa. Avt16pouv snlollc; µs o~sl61a tou a~wtou 
Kal napayouv 6~ov, TO ono(o npoKaAs( en(novn avanvon, Pnxa Kal 6latapaxn 
tou avooono1nT1Kou ouoTnµaToc;. 
O µ6AuP6oc; s(va1 snlonc; ooPapft punavtlKt'l ouola nou EKntµnstal an6 ta 
oxnµaTa µe KlVflTnpa, ., voµo8so(a 6µwc; nou analT£( aµ6AuP61l Psv~lvn nptnsl 
va puSµ(osa To etµa aut6. 
H punavon OTouc; EOWT£PlKOU<; xwpouc; anoTsAs( µs(~ovoc; onµao(ac; aaT(a 
npoPAnµatwv yaa nw uyela, 11 tKTaon twv onolwv µ6A1c; apxl~st va ylve:tat 
Katavontn. 01 (Jacptc; nou nsp1txouv µ6AuP6o oe: naAa1tc; KatotKle:c; o6nvnos oe: 
noAuapa9µe:c; nsp1ntwos1c; 6nAlltllPlaoµou twv na161wv. rsv1Kwtspa, o aµ(avtoc; -
nou xp1101µono1slta1 e:uptwc; otac; µovwoe:ac; -npoKaAe:l 161altspsc; avllouxlsc;. H 
e:1onoti Twv cvwv aµcavtou l3Aante:1 oolJapa rouc; nvsuvoµe:c; Kat npoKaAsl µca 
onav 1 a -Ka 1 av l atr1 -µopcpn KapK l vou. To ye:yov6c; auT6 npoKahoe: tvtovsc; 
OU~r)Tf)O£ l c; OX£T l Ka µe; TO Kata n6oov 0 aµ ( aYTOc; trOU EXE l fl611 TOtr09£Tf18£ ( 
nptn£l va a•alp£9£( n sav s(vaa npot1µ6tspo va a~£9£( we; txsa. 
'AHa 60µ1Ka uAaKa nspctxouv n1K(v6uvsc; ouolec; 6nwc; cpopµaA6sU6n, 
opuKtoPaµ(laKa, u6papyupo Ka 1 pa66v 1 o. Ta to~ 1 Ka touc; anoteUoµata txouv 
en1tav8el A6yw tnc; taollc; nou unapxe:c yea nao ouµnavn µ6vwon. 
An6 q,uxoAoy l Kn anoq,11 0 86puPoc; µnope: ( va ane: l Anoe:' 0£ µe:yaAo Pa8µ6 tnv 
uysla Tou KatolKou Tnc; n6Anc;, 61lµ1oupywvtac; owµat1Ka ouµntwµara nou 
oxstl~ovra1 µe: To avxoc;, Ka& µscwvovrac; rrw no16rnra ~wnc; ouvoAtKa OTllV 
n6A11 A6yw Tilt e:n18st1Knc; ouµnspacpopac; nou npoKaAe:f. Mnope:I e:nlonc; va 
npoKaAtoe:a anwAsaa Tile; aKonc;. 
-12 -
2.1. H auv8£T6tnTa TOU aaTtKOU n£PtPaAAoVTOC: 
Ta npoPAnµaTa Tou aaTtKou n£ptPaAAovToc; g(vat noAuapt8µa Kat notK(Aa. rta 
A6youc: £UKOA(ac; OTO nap6v K£(µ£VO xwplZ:ovTat 0£ Tp£tC: £V6TnT£C: : 
-AaTtKn µ6Auvan : aTµ6o,a&pa, vep6, 86puPoc;, t6a,oc;, an6PAnta 
To 6oµnµtvo n£PlPaAAov : Aew'6pot, 6p6µot, KT(p&a, aVOlKTO( XWPOt, XWPOt 
avacpuxnc: 
-tuan : npaOtVO Kat aypta Z:wft Otnv n6An. 
'OTav eleTaZ:ovTat ta µgµovwµtva npoPAnµata µtac; neptoxnc:, elvat anµavttK6 
Va µnv Anoµove(tat TO yeyov6c; 6tt "TO aOTlK6 OUOtnµa" £(Val tva OUV8£TO Kat 
aAAnAtv6eto ouvoAo. Ixnµat t Kn avanapaotaon opt aµtvwv an6 T t c: KUP t 6tepec; 
oxtoetc; aatlou -anoTeAtoµaToc; nou ennpeaZ:ouv tnv aottKn avantuln Kat to 
OUOTnµa TOU aOTtKOU n£ptPaAAOVTOC: 6(6£Tat OTO Ixftµa 1. 
H tKtaon autwv twv aµo t pa ( wv oxtoewv ano6e t KVU£ t tov n t 8av6 KI v6uvo nou 
µnope( va npotA8et an6 µta Kata neplntwon an6,aon : n Auon oe tva np6PAnµa 
anoteAel ouxva TflV yeveoaoupy6 attla ev6c; aAAou npoPAftµatoc;. H 
anoteAeoµattKt'i 6taxelpton tou aottKou µac; neptPaAAovtoc; anatt£( µta 
oTpaTnY•Kn Paatoµtvn oe yevtKt'I e~tTaan tou aottKou ouaTftµaToc;, µe Ancpetc; 
ano,aoewv nou ea evowµaTwvovta t oe Pao t Ka ne6 I a. /\ l yec; n6A£ t c: 6 t a8ttouv 
6totKflTtKt'I 6oµn tKavn va 6tao,aAloet tnv evowµatwan autn nou elvat aKpwc; 
onµavttKn µetalu tou oxe6taoµou tnc; xpnonc: vnc: Kat twv µeta,opwv. napa to 
yeyov6c: 6tt n n6An anoteAel tnv Kupta eotla otKovoµtKnc; 6paotnpt6tntac; Kat 
Twv ouva,wv nttoewv nou aoKouvtat OTO neptPaAAov, n avaAuan twv npoPAnµatwv 
tnc; 6ev µnope( va npayµaTonotn8el ave~aptnTa an6 TrlY neptoxn otnv onola 
avnKet. H aAAnAelapTnon TflC: n6Anc: an6 Tnv ev6oxwpa tnc; anattel Kata 
ouvtneta va KatapTIZ:ovtat noAtTtKtc; oe euputepo nAalato, Otte; onolec; va 
AaµPaveTat µtptµva yta To oxe6taoµ6 µtac; neptoxnc: we; auvoAo. 
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-14 -
2.2. AottK~ punavon 
Itlt aottKtt neptoxtc, an6 tnv (6la touc tn tuon we Ktvtpa KatotKlac Kal 
OlKOVOµIK~C 6paotnp16tntac, napatnpouvtal £~alp£TlKa u~nAtc OUYK£VTPW0£1C 
punwv. Enlonc, napa tnv au~av6µevn npooox~ Kai Tit £KT£Taµtvsc tpsuvsc os 
nep1J3aAAOVTIKa 8tµata, unapxe1 tAAe1~n ouyKp(o1µwv 6e6oµtvwv y1a PaOlKOUC 
nsp1PaAAOVTIKOUC 6£(KTSt. AK6µn Kal OTlC U£plUTW0£lC nou 61atl8£VTal 
6e6oµtva, n ouyKp 1 on Ka 1 n epµnve (a touc anoPa ( vouv noAunAoK£C A6yw twv 
61atopwv otn ouAAovri 6e6oµtvwv Kai ot1c tsxv1Ktc µttpnonc. 
H sn1otnµov1Kn tpeuva wot6oo txe1 oatwc ano6sl~e1 ta apvnt1Ka anotsAtoµata 
tnt atµoota1p1Knt punavonc, tnc punavon' twv u6atwv Ka1 tnt nxoppunavon,, 
tnt aKataAAnAnt 61 a9£0flt TWV anoJ3Atitwv Ka l TWV µoAuoµtvwv s6atWV OTJlV 
uye(a. 'Eto1, n En1tponti teeoe tnv nspaoµtvn 6eKaet(a op1oµtvout ot6xout 
OXETIKa µ£ tnv no16tnta TOU nsp1J3aAAOYTOt. Ta etµata nou atOPOUY Ka9£ tva 
an6 ta ne6(a auta £Kt(8evta1 otn ouvtxe1a. 
2.2.1. Atµoota1p1Kti punavon 
01 aot1dc uep1oxtt elva1 £Kte8eaµtvst os supu taoµa punwv. Ta 
anotsAtoµata twv punwv autwv otnv uys(a, op1oµtvo1 an6 tout onolout e(va1 
KapK1voy6vo1, nep1AaµJ3avouv na9tiO£lC TOU avanYEUOTIKOU ouottiµaTOC Kai 
Epe81oµouc TWY µatlWV Kai TOU 6tpµatot. En1nAtov, 61aJ3pWYOUY TO 6oµnµtvo 
nsp1J3aAAov Kai PAantouv to tuo1K6 nsp1J3aAAov. 01 nsp1006tspo1 
atµootalp1Ko( puno1 npotpxovta1 an6 TPElt nnvtc: tn Ploµnxav(a, ta oxtiµata 
µs K1vnttipa Kal tnv Kauon opuKtwv Kauolµwv y1a tnv napaywyti 9epµ6tntat ti 
nAEKtp1Ktit evtpye1at. 
H ouµPoAti tnt J31oµnxavlat otnv atµootalPIKti punavon no1K(AAe1 a108nta an6 
tnv µ(a n6An OTJlV aAAn, 6E6oµtvou 6tl £~aptata1 an6 TJlV UUKY6tnta Kal TO 
sl6ot tnt P1oµnxavlat OE µla nsp1oxti, tnv aKptPti tono9eola auttit Kai µtxpt 
no(ou onµElou £tapµ6~e1 µttpa yaa va sAtvxs1 Tlt £Knoµntt ti tn 61aonopa twv 
EKnoµnwv ntpav tou nsplyupou tnt. Ta anotsAtoµata µlat ooPaptit 
atµoota1p1Ktit punavont µnopouv va anoPouv KataotpEnt1Ka, 6nwc en( 
napa6s(yµatl OTO Aov6lvo to 1952, 6tav vttot nou 6nµ1oupyti8nKe an6 £Knoµntt 
6lO~£t6(ou TOU 9e(ou npoKaAeoav TOY 8avaTO 5.000 at6µwv. 
not6oo, n P1oµnxav1Kti punavon 6ev slva1 anoKAe1ot1Ka np6J3Anµa twv n6Aewv. 
noAAtt tOPEt, ta s8vtKa Kal 61s8vti np6tuna via Tlt £Knoµntc Kataptl~ovta1 
yaa va aYTlµETWUlOTOUY EUPUT£pa npoJ3AtiµaTa, 6nwt Ol 6~lV£C J3poxtt Kat TO 
talv6µevo tou 9epµoKnnlou, napa npoJ3Atiµata nou atopouv to aotlK6 
nep1J3aHov. Ol KaYOYlOTldt pu9µlO£lt nou atOPOUY tn ouµPoM tnt 
Ptoµnxavlat otnv aot1Kti punavon Paol~ovta1 t6oo OE "op&adt ttµtc" y1a tnv 
not6tnta TOU atpa OE avOlXTOUt XWPOUt, 600 Kai Ota np6tuna £Knoµntit TWV 
nnvwv. 
Ta npoJ3Atiµata atµoota1p&Ktit punavont nou atopouv tit aot1Ktt ouyK01vwvlet 
Kal Ta KT(p&a ouv6tovtal OT£Ya µe tnv £0WT£PlKti AEITOUpy(a tnt n6Ant. H 
ouµPoM twv 6paotnp l ottitwv autwv nou KatavaAwvouv svtpys la wt npot Tl t 
ota9µet op&oµtvwv punwv £Kt(8eta1 otov nlvaKa 1. 
-15 -
O(vaKat 1 
nnvtt atµoo~aaptKnt puuavont 
Toµ tat NOx 
Evtpye1a 37,5 71,3 28, 1 
Cv1a tnv uapaywvn 
nA£KTPIKnt £VSPY£10t)(29,3) (61,5) (24,6) 
B1oµnxav(a 18,6 15,4 7,9 
M£ta,optt 22,0 4,0 57,7 
Ao1rro( Toµe(t 21,9 9,3 6,3 
ruvoAo 100 100 100 
(2,7 610£K.T) (14 £KOT. T.) (9,8 £KOT.T.) 
nnvn: Evtpyeta 2010 (1989) 
'Orrwt 6£lXV£1 O uapauavw u{vaKat, n Otpµavon, avaAoya µ£ tnv unyn 
evtpye1at, µuopel va arroPel µla au6 Ttt onµavt1K6t£P£t unvtt atµoo,a1p1Knt 
purravont. Ito AouPAlvo, £rr( rrapa6e{yµat1, n 01K1aKn 9tpµavon arrot£A£( tnv 
KUp16tepn UOYn S02 Kat a1wpouµevwv OT£P£WV. H Pa8µ1a(a KaTapynon TOU 
avepaKa µe(wo£ oe op10µ£vo Pa8µ6 Ta eu1PAaPn auoteAtoµata tnt puuavont au6 
ta a1wpouµeva otepea Kat to so2 oe toutK6 eulue6o. not6oo, n otpo'n upot 
tnv nAeKTPtKn evtpyeaa 6ev en1Aue1 o,a1p1Ka to up6PAnµa, 616t1 u,lorara1 n 
punavon uou upoKurrTet arr6 Tit rr£p1006repet µop,tt uapaywvnt evtpyeiat. Yu6 
autn tnv eupuTepn Kai o~atptK6repn arro~n, n xpnon 6Awv Twv µop,wv opuKtwv 
Kauolµwv ouµPaAAet otn 6nµtoupy(a Tnt 6~1vnt Ppoxnt Kat, µe rnv au~non Tnt 
0Ta9µnt C02 CPAtrr£ oxnµa 2), TOU ~atvoµtvou TOU 9epµoKnrrlou. 
rxnµa 2 
EKuoµrrt~ co2, Eupwrrn twv 12 (1980-2010) 
Ava toµta 
Mt/hoc; 
3600.--'~~~~~~~-,-~~---:::::=i 
3000 
2000 
1600 
·~ mmi1~mm1111111111i111111m1111~~r~1111111~1m11~~111 
1Q80 1Q80 ,go() IQQO 2000 2000 2010 
r..;. ,;._, .. ~ :-~~-;.~~.::-c:;-1~;-;;;....; .. -; ... ,., 
j tZ£ ""''...,_.._ G ,..... k•••ai• I --- ------- ----
Onyn: H £VEPY£ta otnv Eupwrrn: Kupt6T£pa 8£µata yaa TOV £VEPY£ta 
rev1Kn Aaeueuvon Evtpyeiat, rent. 1989 
-16 -
Evw ta aopap6tspa npoPAnµata ton1Knc; atµoa~a1p1Knc; punavonc; nou npoKAnenKav 
an6 tnv etpµavon txouv Au8£(, avt1Kataot68nKav an6 t1c; au~av6µ£v£c; ot69µec; 
punavonc; an6 tic; µ£ta~optc;. 01 K1vntnpec; twv autoK1vntwv £lva1 01 
Kup16tepsc; nnvtc; NOx, co, a1wpouµtvwv otspswv Kai µoAuP6ou. 'ooov a~opa to 
C02, 1fPE1f£ l Va onµs I W9£ ( 6t l TO nµ l OU OX£66v TWV KaUOEWV OT l c; µ£Tacpop£c; 
£KTtµ6tal 6Tl ocps(AsTal OTOV aoTtKn KUKAocpop(a. IE noAAtc; n6As1c;, 0 Toµtac; 
Twv µeTacpopwv e:ueuv£Ta1 y1a to 90% nep(nou TWV e:Knoµnwv µovo~e:16(ou Tou 
6v8paKoc;. To Ixnµa 3 6£(XV£1 TOV au~non TWV 1616KTOTWV aUTOKIVOTWV Kata ta 
np6o~ata hn Ka 1 t 1 c; npoPoUc; ppaxunp68eoµa Ka 1 µeoonp68eoµa, an6 t t c; 
onolsc; cpalve:ta1 6t1 autn n onµavt1Kn au~non np6Ks1ta1 va e:~aK0Aoubnoe:1. 
rxnµa 3 
1616Ktnta autoKlvnta 1970-2010 
&..p;mn Tlll\I 12 
lOO 
200 
100 
1970 197:1> 1980 1985 1890 11195 2000 2005 2010 
nnyn: n (61a µe £K£(vn TOU IXnµatoc; 2 
H Ko1v6tnta eton1oe Kata tnv teAeutata 6eKae:tla o6nvlec; y1a tnv no16tnta 
tou atpa nou oxet1Ka µe op1oµtvouc; Pao1Kouc; atµoocpa1p1Kou punouc;: to so2 Kai ta a1wpouµeva otepe6, to No2, KAn. Ot o6nylec; auttc; eton1oav 
acpev6c;, op1aK£c; t1µ£c; -µ1a Kplo1µn t1µn via tnv uye(a tou av9pwnou -Kai 
aq>EtE:pou. KOT£U8UVTiiP I ec; TI µ£c; -µla TIµ.; nou tE:9nK£ we; OT6xoc; y I a tnv 
PeAtlwon tou n£p1PaAAovtoc; µe oKon6 va npoAncp9£{ ono1a6n11ots µaKponp68eoµn 
ouvtne1a otnv uys{a Kat tnv no16tnta ~wnc;. 
Ka{to1 6e:v ucp{otavta1 nAnpocpop{ec; via 6An tnv Ko1v6tnta µe t1c; ono(ec; va 
ano6e l Kvueta 1 6t 1 o l EV A6yw o6nv { ec;, Ka9wc; Ka l aAAEc; ouvacpe ( c; o6ny ( ec;, 
OUVETElVaV OTOV £A£YXO TWV µeµovwµtvwv nnywv £Knoµnnc;, TO Ixnµa 4 6£(XV£1 
tnv anoteAeoµat1K6tnta twv µttpwv µe OKon6 va µe1w8e( to so2 Kai ta NOx. 
H np6o6oc; OTO µe{won TWY NOX unnpiE A1y6t£PO £VTU1fWOIOKn. H Ka81£pwon TWV 
KataAUTIKWV £~atµ[oewv 0£ 6Aa ta v£a OUTOK(vnta TO 1992/93 9a µ£1W0£l TOV 
punavon nou npOEPXETO I an6 µsµovwµE:va oxnµata aHa n au~non tnc; 061 Knc; 
KUKAocpop(ac;, otnv ono(a nsp1Aaµpavovta1 ta 161wt1Ka autoKlvnta Kai ta 
oxnµata TWV 06lKWY eµnopeuµaTIKWV µetacpopwv, Ka9wc; KQl n KUKAocpoptaKn 
ouµcp6pnon µnope( va avt1ota8µ(oe1 tn µelwon autn. 
-17 -
rxfaµa 4 
EKnoµntc; S02 Kat NOx -Eupwnn TWV 12 
nnvfa: n l6ta µe: e:Ke:lvn tou rxfaµaToc; 2 
NOx 
~~:-----·---·--·-- -------------; 
20 
10 
1HO 2000 2010 
ra· .;... .. ,ti c~yc .. -:::J •• _,...... CJ ,,.n.yc~ ...... ~ 
I "-"•'•'• I m: 1o1c ... ~~ e_,,,_,.._._.,. _______ ___. CJ ,,. ... , .. ..,j ....... c ... 
Katou.i• t 
Ie: optoµtve:c; n6Ae:tc; Tnc; voT(ou Eupwnnc;. 6nwc; n A9fava Kat n NanoAn, 
napatnpn9nK& onµaYTlKn au~non TWV 1t£Pl006T£PWV aTµoo~alplKWV pUttWY Kal 
avTlototxn ntwon tnc;: not6tntac; tnc; aTµ6o~a1pac;. AuT6 o~elAe:tat otnv µe:yaAn 
au~non TOU ttAn0uoµou OTlc; tt6A£l<; autec;, A6yw Tilt £~66ou ttpoc; Tl'lV unal0po 
Otte; nepaox£c; tnc; vot(ou Eupwnnc;. H au~non Tl'l<; £Kttoµnnc; punwv Otnv A9nva 
n.x. an6 tnv lltoµnxav(a Kat ta oxi\µata e:(vaa t6oo µeyaAn wote: 01 apxtc;: 
UttOXP£W911KaY Va £ l oayayouv £va OUOTnµa OUµ~wva IJE TO Ono ( 0 ta oxnµata 
e:n1tpsne:ta1 va e:1otpxovta1 oto Ksvtpo tnc; n6Anc; e:K ne:pttponnc; 
anayope:ue:ta 1 6e: n e: ( oo66c; Touc; oto dvtpo 6tav n ota9µn tnc; punavonc; 
une:pl3a(ve:t ta 6pta ao~aAe:(ac;. 
To µ6vo nou enttuvxavouv ta µttpa auta e:(vat va µnv 
Kataotaon. Ae:v µnopouv va 9e:wpn9ouv µaKponp69eoµec; AUOe:tc;. e:n16e:1vw8e:( ., 
Ta ttPOl3Anµata atµoo~atptKnc;: punavonc; OTl<; aOTlKEC: ne:paoxtc; ouxva O~UVOVtal 
A6yw tou ouv6uaoµou KA a µatoAOY a KWY Ka 1 ye:Ca>ypa~ a KWY ouv9nKwv, o t ono ( e:c;: 
telvouv va ouyKe:vTpwoouv punouc; ot11v tt6An Kat e:µno6(~ouv tn 6aaonopa Kat 
tnv 6 t aAuon TOU<; OTllV £UPUT£P'1 atµ6o~a l pa. ta l v6µe:va TOU £ ( 6ouc; QUTOU 
ne:ptypa~ovtaa oTo Aaaypaµµa 1. 
"! ) 
-18 -
Aiaypaµµa 1 
H OUYKEVTPWOl'l tnc; aOTlKnc; punavonc; 
IYNHeHI KATAITAIH 61A60IHI ANAITP~ 8EPMOKPAIIAI 
YlllOMETPO 
Yn6 ,uotoAOYtKtc; ouv0nKec;, oi puno1 nou n£p1txovtai OE 9epµa a£p1a 
avtpxovta' e,6oov ouvavtouv Kata tnv avo66 touc; 'IJUXP6tepec; µa<";ec; atpa 
CPA£ne otnv neplntwon µ1ac; ,uo10AoyiKnc; Kataotaonc; 61660011c;). 
Yn6 OPlOµSVOU<; 6pouc; (l6(wc; aKTlVOl30A(a Kata Tl<; VUKTEPIVE<; Wp£<;), 11 
9epµOKpao(a 0£ U'6>61J£TpO OplOµEVWV £KaTOVT66WV µ£Tpwv £{Val aVWT£Pll an6 
£K£1vn OTl'lV £1T1,aveia TOU £6a,ouc;. 
T6t£ eµno61~£Tal 11 avo6oc; twv punwv 01 onolo1 otaµatouv KaTw an6 µla 
"ot1Pa6a 8epµoKpao1aKnc; avaoTpo,nc;" nou 61a6paµatlte1 to p6Ao 8£pµ1Kou 
Kw6wva. Eav taut6xpova unapxe1 6nvo1a, 01 punoi au~avovta1 oe onµavt1K£c; 
avaAoylec;. 
EKt6c; an6 t1c; nep1ntwoe1c; ton1Knc; punavonc; nou nep1yp6,11Kav nponvouµtvwc;, 
0 l puno l Ka l TO OUVOAO TWV xrw I KWV £VW0£WV nou npotpxovTa l an6 aUTOU<; 
µnopouv va µeta,ep8ouv otnv atµ60,a1pa an6 touc; aveµouc; oe µeyalec; 
anootaoe 1 c; np l v ~avantoouv Oto E:6a,oc;, avaµeµe 1yµ£vo1 µe ppoxtc;, x 16v 1 a, 
naxvn Kal oµIXAl'l. To ,a1v6µevo aut6, TO ono(o 6ev yvwp(<';et ouvopa, 
avt1oto1xel µe tnv µeta,opa twv punavoewv oe µey6An an6otaon, anoKaXouµevo 
KOlVW<; "6~lV£<; ppoxtc;". 
S•C 
AYPA OOAHI: ~ ITIBAAA ANAITPOcllHI 
3•C 
AYPA OOAHI TO 
XEIMSJ-4A ME AlePIO 
KAIPO KAI AflNOIA 'f'YXPOTEPH YnAl8POI NHil6A eEPMOTHTAI ~AYPA rlOAHI 
'f'YXPOTEPH YnA18POI 
o 01K10µ6c; anoteXe( µ1a vnol6a 8epµ6t11tac; •. n onola e~aKolou0el va u,lotata1 
µeta Tl'l 6uon TOU nllou, £VW 11 1t£Ptl3allouoa una18poc; '&>UXpa(vetal. 0 9£pµ6c; 
a£pac; av£pxetat, npoKaXwvtac; t6te tva xaµnl6 l3apoµetp1K6, 6nou e1optei o 
«11uxp6tepoc; a£pac; tnc; dpt~ ne:p1oxnc;. rtnv neplntwon autii, 01 punoa nou 
£Kn£µnovta l OTl'lV 1T£P, ,tpe la KaT£U8UVOVTa l npoc; TOV 0 I Kl oµ6' £1t l ,tpovtac; 
OptOµEV£<; ,opt<; onµaVTIKn avo6o Tll<; OTa8µ11c; Tl'l<; punavonc;. 
nnyn: Ynoupye(o nep113aXAOVTO<; 
"H 1TOl6tnta TOU aepa, 11 twTlKO µac; KA11povoµ1a"-faAl(a, louvaoc; 1989 Yll'OMETPO 
8EP\OCPAIIA 
AE.POI 
/ -19 -
EKt6c; arr6 rre:p 1rctci>oe1 c; 6rrwc; n A9nva rrou £ l va 1 euptwc; yvwottc;, ea fit av 
Aaveaoµtvo va ouµrcepavouµe 6t 1 o' rr6Ae' c; otnv B6pe 'o Eupci>m1 6ev txouv 
onµavT1Ka rrpof3"nµaTa. napa To yeyov6c; 6T1 Ta 6e6oµtva tnc; napaKoAouenonc; 
µnopouv va 6elxvouv ouvoA1Kn PeAT(won, n xpnotµonolnon twv µtowv 6pwv an6 
nep1op1oµtvo apt8µ6 ota8µci>v Kataypa,nc; µnopouv va ouyKaAuntouv Tnv napouo(a 
ent~nµtwv ouyKevtpwoe:wv oe: optoµtve:c; tono8e:ole:c; Kat oe: ouyKe:Kptµtve:c; 
XPOVtKsc; OTtyµtc;. Ittc; Bpu~tAAe:c; rr.x. n KUKAo,op(a Kata tlc; wpe:c; atxµnc; 
ottc; o6tKtc; oupayyec; txe:t we; anortAe:oµa n ota9µn tnc; punavonc; va une:pf3a(ve:1 
Kata noAu to 6pao nou ouvtota n Aaeevnc; Opyavwon Yyelac;. 
2.2.2. o 86puf3oc; 
o 96puPoc; e:lvat n "aotaK6tepn" µop'n punavonc; Kat ennpe:a~e:t 6uoµe:vwc; t6oo 
rnv uye:la 600 Kat tnv no16tnta ~wnc; twv noAatwv. Ta nao oo(3apa rrpoP"tiµara 
8opuf3ou TCflVO~OUV an6 ta 6ta,opa µe:Ta,optKQ µtoa -061Kn KUKAO,op(a (KUp(wc; 
µotoouKAttec;), ae:pooKa,.,, 016np66poµot -Kat an6 tic; un6 66µnon nep1oxtc;. 
H KO' VOT t Kn 6paon y ta TOY 86pu(3o £xe: t we; e:n ( KEVTPO rnv KatanoAtµnon TOU 
8opu(3ou rrou 6nµaoupye(tat an6 tac; µeyaAutepe:c; µeµovwµtvec; nnvtc; 8opu(3ou -
n.x., aepooKa,n, un6 66µnon ne:ptoxtc; Kat oxtiµaTa µe: Ktvnrnpa (Ka8wc; e:nlonc; 
Kat Tf)V KatanoAtµnon TOU 8opu(3ou TCOU 6nµtoupye:(tat OTOUt; XWPOUc; e:pyao(ac;). 
Inµetw9nKe onµavtaKn Pdrlwon orn µe:(won rou 8opuf3ou nou rrpotpxetaa an6 
rove; Kup16tepouc; µe:µovwµtvouc; unaf Ttouc;, Ta yev1K6tepa 6µwc; npof3Anµata 
8opu(3ou nou 6nµtoupyouvtat an6 to ouvoAo rwv "ouvnewv" autoKtvtitwv, 
ae:pooKa,ci>v Kat tptvwv 6uoKoAa avttµeTwn(~ovtat. H avaµe:v6µevn au~non tnc; 
KUKAo,op lac; Kata ta npooexn ttn ea o~uve: t To np6(3Anµa rou eopu(3ou ot t c; 
n6Aetc;. 
H Kotv6tnta npote:(ve:a rcp6tuna 8opu(3ou yta oxnµata µe: KtVntnpa wc; µepoc; Tfl<: 
61a61Kaolac; Katapr1onc; nporunwv ornv Ev1afa Ayopa. Ta np6tuna auTa 
npoo6e:uttKa Pe:Attw8nKav. Aev ana1tef tat 6µwc; aK6µn an6 touc; napaywyouc; va 
e:vowµatci>oouv rnv KaAutepn 6uvat1i re:xvoAoy fa v 1 a va µet wee f n 6uvat6tnta 
6nµ 'oupy lac; tou 8opu(3ou. MoAov6t 1 n Ka9' tpwon auotnpodpwv npotunwv ea 
au~noe1 oa,ci>c; to K6otoc; rrapaywytic;, to ye:yov6c; aur6 ea nptnea va 
avtaota9µaotel an6 ta o't"n nou ea npoKu~ouv an6 tnv µe(won tnc; 6xAnonc; an6 
tov e6pu(3o. Itov roµta aut6 a~l~e:a va e~e:taotel n xpnon otKovoµtKwv µtowv. 
naVTWt;, aK6µn Kal ta aUOTf)pQ np6tuna yta µeµovwµtva oxfiµata 6£Y µnopouv VO 
unoKataottioouv µta euputepn npootyyaon yta tn 61axe:lp1on rnc; KUKAo,opfac;. 
'onou e'apµ6otnKav ta anoKaAouµeva ouotfiµata anoouµ,6pnonc; tnc; KUKAo,op(ac;, 
onµefwoav enatuxla. Me1wµtva 6paa raxutntac;, neptopaoµof otnv o6tKn 
KUKAo,opla Kat OAOKAl'lPWµtva ouotnµara £Atyxou ,wte:avnc; onµato66tnonc; 
Ka9' e:pcl>BnKav µe:ta an6 ton t de; npwro(3ouA ( ec; Kat e Iva t anou:hoµar t Ka 6tav 
£VlOXUOVtal µe avaAOYO Tp6no Ta n£plOptOTlKO µetpa. 
'Evac; avaotaAt l K6c; napaywv µe ( ~ovoc; onµaol ac; y ta ta ouotfUJata rrou txouv 
oxe61aotel µe oKon6 va µetw9el n oraeµn rou 9opu(3ou Otte; n6Ae:tc; e:lvat n 
avunap~ la yev' Kci>c; ano6eKtwv npotunwv y 1 a tov e6pu(3o. nou.a Kpatn µHn 
txouv eyKp(vet e:n161wK6µeve:c; Otaeµe:c; 9opu(3ou, 01 onof ec; 6µwc; onavta txouv 
voµ t Kti KaAu~n. H En 1 tporrn µehta rnv Kae t tpwo11 op f wv v 1 a t 1 c; ota9µec; 
eopuf3ou oto neptf3aAAOV we; no1ottK6 ot6xo avaA6ywv µe eKe:(va yta tnv 
atµoo,a1ptKO punavon. 
-20 -
Me tov tp6no aut6 ea avayvwp1otel n onµaola tnc; 6paonc; n onola oKon6 txe1 
va Ponenoe1 µeyaAo µtpoc; tou nAn9uoµou nou ~ea oe uepaoxtc; 6nou 01 ota9µec; 
9opupou µuopouv va eunpeaoouv 6uoµevwc; tnv uye(a tou CA6yw tnc; 6nµ1oupylac; 
ayxouc; n A6yw 61atapaxnc; TOU UUVOU). Tac; U£PIOo6T£P£t cpoptc; Ta Otpwµata 
nou un6K£ I VTO I OT I c; ucpnA6T£P£t Ota9µec; 8opvPou OTO HP I PaAAov £ ( va I Ta 
c,twx6tepa otpwµata tnc; Ko1vwv(ac; µac;, ta ono(a ~ouv ot1c; xe1p6tepec; 
ouv9nK£c; KOTOIK(ac;. 
2.2.3. To vep6 
An6 lOTOPlKn anocpn, n 61a61KaO(a £~anAwonc; TOU nAn9uoµou Kai n avantu~n tnc; 
P1oµnxavlac; oe aotaKtc; uep1oxtc; antPn Kataotpent1Kn y1a tnv no16tnta twv 
notaµwv nou 61tpxovta1 µtoa an6 tac; n6Ae1c;. An6 t6t£ nou 01 n6Ae1c; tuauoav 
va otnp(~ovta1 otouc; notaµovc; touc; via tnv uapoxn u6atoc;, 01 notaµo( 
µetatpannKav oe ano6tKt£c; anoPAntwv, 6nou xvveta1 6Ao Kat µeyaAvtepoc; 6yKoc; 
Kai uo1K1Ala Auµatwv, en1~nµ1wv t6oo otnv no16tnta tou vepov 600 Kaa otnv 
avpaa ~wn. 
Mla aAAn ntuxn tou upoPAnµatoc; autov e(vaa 6t1 ta anoxeutetaKa ouotnµata 
1TOU OX£61aotnKaV KOl KOTaOK£UaOtnKaY npoc; TO TEAOc; TOU 190U aawva 
xpno1µouo1ovvta1 aK6µn oe noHtc; n6A£1c;. Inµepa 01 punalvouoec; eKxuoeac; 
elvaa upoc,avwc; 61ac,opet1Ktc; an6 £Ke(vec; tou T£Aeutalou aawva, t6oo an6 tnv 
anocpn tnc; ouyKtvtpwonc; ouo1wv 600 Kai we; upoc; Tov 6yKo pone;. EnanAtov, to 
naAa(o anOX£T£UTIK6 OVOTnµa 6VOKOAa µnope( va £UIOK£UaOT£( Tlc; n£p1006t£p£c; 
q>optc; Ka a To K6otoc; avt 1 KaTaotaonc; tou £ ( va a t6oo µeyaAo ovtwc; wot£ va 
anopa(ve1 anayopeut1K6. 
To (610 to aot1K6 nep1PaAAov upoKaAel npoPAnµaTa ota anoxeteuT&Ka ouotnµata 
Kai touc; ano6tKtec; touc;. 01 a61antpan:c; enaq>aveaec; Tnc; n6Anc; eµuo6(~ouv 
tnv aoT l Kn anoppon µEta an6 PPOX01TTWO£ l c;' T6oo an6 Tnv anocpn tnc; at xµnc; 
anopponc; 600 Kat an6 tnv auocpn Tou xp6vou nou ana1telta1 y1a va c,9aoouv Ta 
v6ata tnv a a xµn autn. re op 1 oµtvec; nep a ntwoe a c;, n au~nµtvn aot a Kono l non 
otnv AeKavn anopponc; µnope( va 6nµ1oupynoe1 Klv6uvo nAnµµupac; ota Katavtn. 
npayµat1, n 61oxtteuon noAAwv notaµwv nou nepvouv µtoa an6 n6Ae1c; o~vve1 
tnv Kataotaon autn. nptuea va onµeaw9e( enlonc; 6ta n auoppon an6 
aoq>aAtwµtvec; £Ulq»OV£l£c; OUV£1Tay£Ta1 tva µ(yµa punwv UOU ouvft9wc; ouvavtatal 
0£ aOT&Ktc; £Ulq>OV£l£c;. 
napa to vevov6c; 6t1 n ene~epyaola Twv u6atwv upav Tnv £K vtou xPnoaµonolnon 
TOUc; OUVt'lSWc; £V6£(KVUTal yaa Ya 61aoq>aA10T£( n ouµµ6pq>WOn 0£ KOlVOTIKa 
np6tuna no16tntac; TOU v6atoc;, TO 8eµa tnc; 1TOl6tnTac; TWV u6aTWV EX£l TUX£l 
OUVKPlTlKa IJlKPnc; npoooxnc;. EK£( 6nou unnp~E onµavtaKn PeAt(won, £np6K£1TO 
ouxva yaa U£PIUTW0£1c; UOU n 1TOl6tnta £V6c; 1TOTaµou anePn 8tµa £9V1Knc; 
unepnq>avelac;, ouv6e6µevo µe Tnv £&K6va tnc; n6Anc;. AuT6 1oxue1 Kuplwc; yaa 
tnv U£P ( ntwon TOU Aov6 (YOU Ka I TOU Taµ eon, 0 01TO ( oc; tv l VE avt l K£ ( IJ£VO 
onµavtaKwv enev6uoewv via PeAtlwon Kata tac; teAeutalec; 6£Kaetlec; Kat 
9ewpe(taa Twpa 6t1 61a8tTe1 tac; Ka9ap6tepec; eKPoAtc; notaµov otov K6oµo. 
notaµo( 6nwc; o Pnvoc;, twv onolwv n no16tnta twv u6atwv ennpea~etaa an6 
µeyaAo ap I 8µ6 KWµon6A£wv Ka I n6Aewv 0£ 61 aq>opa Kpatn, ano6£ I KVU£ l TI c; 
OUYEU£l£t µaac; n6Anc; 0£ µ1a aAAn, 6nwc; Kai tnv avayKn yaa OUV£pyao(a 0£ 
61e8vtc; en(ne6o. 
-21 -
2.2.4. A116PA11ta 
'OnW<: ouµpa(V£l KOl µ£ all£<: µop,t<: punaVOfl~, Ta £l6tKa OOTlKa npoPlnµaTa 
nou ouv6tovTat µ& ta an6PA11ta npotpxovtat an6 tov ouv6uaoµ6 u~11An~ 
nA118uoµlaKri<: 1fUKV6T11Ta<: µe µ(a µeyaA11 no&K&A(a OlKOVOµlKWV 6paOTflPlOtntwv: 
voooKoµ&l a, µ' KPt<: Kat µeyah<: ayopt<: npo·c6vtwv, ot Ko6oµ' Ka uA 1 Ka an6 
Kat&6a,lo&t<: Kat xpno1µ0110111µtvec;; ouoK&uaole<: an6 µeta,op&l<:, £µnop&Ka 
KataoTriµata Kat To ayopoOTtK6 Ko1v6, onAwc; yta va ava,tpouµe µep&Kec;. 
01 tonaKt<: opxtc; npenea npayµata vo ,tpouv oe ntpa<; tp&t<: ouvo,£(c; 
£pyao(ec;: 
-TOV Ko8op&oµ6 TWV o6wv 
-tnv onoK0µ16n onoppaµµatwv 
-tnv 61aeeon twv anoPAntwv 
H 61a8eon T&paotawv Kat ouvsxwc;; ou~ov6µ£vwv 6yKwv 01K10Kwv Koa P1oµnxav1Kwv 
onoPAntwv 8£tea £~01p£T&Ka µsyaAo np6PAnµo Otte; opxec;; twv &upwnolKwv n6A£wv 
nou 61ox&1p{~ovto1 to Otµo aut6. o nlvoKoc; 2 6elxv£1 rouc; 611µ1oupyouµ&vouc; 
6yKOUt onopp&µµatWV KOi µ£ 1fOl6V Tp6no y(VETOI 0 £1f£~£pyoo(o TOUt OVQ XWpa. 
H an Ari Auo11 rnc;; uye 1ovoµ1 Knt ta,nc;;, aK6µn Ka 1 un6 ehvx6µeve:c;; ouv9r')Ke:~, 
txe:a anoPe:I 6uoKoAn yaa noAA£c;; n6Ae&c;;, elte 616t1 e:lvaa 6uoKoAo vo 
ove:upe8el KataAA11Aoc;; t6noc;; oe AoyaKri an6oTaon an6 TOY n6An elTe 616t1 01 
KaT01Ko1 Twv yupw nepaoxwv avt1T(8&vT01 oe ouT6. 
O(VOKac; 2 
Ene~epyoola oTe:pewv aotaKwv anoppaµµatwv, en1Aeyeloec;; xwpec;;, 1985/1986 
Pl:JTlKCl 
l<PATOL OT~ I Cl'pr) AnOTI::-f\ome:c; 
~-lf'.lijf,-, ~lµ) rirt~~ ··~ µE:eo&51 
6~fo 1.4 22 -70 8 
Kirrw X4iEc; 4.2 53 -37 10 
raXAia 17,0 44 10 36 10 
repµJVia -32.0 70 -27 3 
Hv. Baollcao 20:0 90 - 9 5 
BE:Ayao 3.2 70/80 -20 10 
IT<lAia 15,0 30 55 11 4 -Iorravia 10,0 --5 15 
•E.Uac; -80 20 ---
lpAav6ia --1---_ ;l_~-+ 5r. -- - • J --·-110.oT---------
n11vri: Recupero Allumlnlo In Forma di Lattlne, 
Conzorzlo del Produttorl di Contenltorl In Al luminlo 
Bresso (Ml)-IT. 
-22 -
H anottcppwon wt svaAAaKttKn Auon ano6stKvustat npoPAnµattKn Elvat 
6uoKoAo va avsups9ouv KaTaAAnAst neptoxtc; Kat ot ev µtpet to~aKtc; £Knoµntc; 
Touc; o6nvnoav Tnv Kotv6TnTa va 9eonloet voµo9eola oxsTtKa µs Tnv sntPoAn 
oplwv otac; £Knoµntc; TWV 6nµoTtKwv syKaTaotaoswv anoTtcppwonc;. rs opaoµtva 
KpaTn µtAn, a6lwc; tn repµavla Kat Tac; Katw Xwpsc;, onµeaw9nKs np6o6oc; otn 
µe(won Kat tnv avaKuKAwon Twv anoPAntwv, aK6µ11 6µwc; Kat oa nto aaot66o~ec; 
£KT t µnos a c; Tono9sTouv Tll µs (won yupw oTo 30% we; Tov ucp11A6T£po oT6xo nou 
µnope( va snttsux9s(. 
H np6ocpaTa 6nµooteu9s(oa OTpatnYtKn 6taxslptonc; Twv anoPMTwv Tilt 
En' Tpom'lc;* etTe a 6uo npoTspa t 6T11Tec;: np6Ancpn Ka a avaKuKAwon. H np6All'Pll 
acpopa Kup (we; tn pa oµnxav (a. En ( napa6e l yµaT t o' µsTaTpontc; Ott c; 
OUOKEUao(sc; ea µnopouaav va 6l£UKOAUVOUV nOAU TOY aOTlK6 Ka9apaoµ6 Kal ta 
npoPAnµaTa 6taxelptOllt Twv anoPAntwv. rta Ttc; apxtc; Tilt n6Allc;, ll 
avaKuKAwon anoT£h ( µa a µe ( ~ovoc; Ollµaa ( ac; sn t Aovn. H avaKuKAwan ana t t£ ( 
6taAovn Twv anoPAnTwv OtllY ttllYn Touc; (Kat Ta anapalTnTa eµnopsuµaToKtPwtta) 
Kat st6tKsuµtvsc; unnpsalsc; ouAAovnc;. Ot µsAAovttKol napaµstpot oxs6taoµou 
µsyaAwv KTtp(wv 6taµspaoµaTwv Kat ypacpe(wv µnopouv snlonc; va svowµatwvouv 
e~onAaoµouc; y&a Tnv 6aaAovn anoPAnTwv µe oKon6 Tnv avaKUKAwon Touc;. 
2.2.5. Punavon tou s6acpouc; 
H punavon Tou s6acpouc; an6 tnv xwp l c; 6 t aKp ( os t c; svan69ean To~ t Kwv ouo t wv 
avayvwp(~sTat nAtov we; aKpwc; avllouxntaKn Otte; aottKtc; nsptoxtc;. MoAov6ta 
au~avstat TO £V6tacptpov yta £YY£tof3£AtlWTtKa tpya µtoa Otte; aottKE<; 
nsp t oxtc;, ta s6acpll nou txouv µoAuves ( A6yw Tilt sn ( 6£Ka£T ( sc; svan60£0ll<; 
anoPAnTWV £µno6(~ouv Tl1V a~tono(non Tll<; Vilt autnc; yaa KaTOtK(a n yta vtsc; 
OtKovoµtKtc; 6paotnpt6Tl1T£c;. 
Ae6oµtvou TOU TOlTtKOU Kal lTOAU £t6tKOU xapaKtnpa K09£ µsµovwµEVllt 
1T£P ( 1TTW011t, £ (Val 6UOKOAO Va Kat apt l OTOUV Y£V l Ktc; nOA l T t de; n TEXV l de; 
AU0£tc;. En(onc; £VW Ol aµeasc; auvtnsaec; Tilt µ6Auvanc; e(vaa auxva TOnlKtc;, 
µeaonp69eoµa anElAOUVtal Kal ta un6ysaa u6ata. 
2.3. To 60µ11µtvo 1T£PtPaAAOV 
Evw To Tonlo Tilt una(9pou anoteAe(Taa an6 cpuotKa aTotxsla, To aaTtK6 Ton(o 
anoTsAs(tat an6 KT(paa, µs 6tv6pa Kat npaatvouc; xwpouc; nou 6(6ouv a6aa(Tspn 
tµcpaan. H neptPaAAovTaKn not6TnTa ev6c; aaTaKou ton(ou txsa we; tva opaoµtvo 
Pa9µ6 unoKE' µsv a Kn xpo a a. not6oo, o nsp t oa6u:poc; K6oµoc; EK ta µa µe 6µo to 
tp6no TllV not6Tnta TWV KWµon6Aswv Kal TWV n6Aswv -tOTOPlKQ Kdpaa Kat 
6tata~n o6wv, aVOlXTOUt XWPOUt Kat 6£v6pa, 6paOTl1Pt6Tnta. 
Ta tOTOPtKa KtvTpa twv eupwnalKwv n6A£Wv, 6nou txouv napaµs(vsa avtnacpa, 
avtanpoawnsuouv tva anµavTaK6 6eaµ6 µe tov noAtT&aµ6 Kat Tnv KAnpovoµaa Tou 
napsA86vToc; Tilt n6Anc;. Mtoa o'tva K6oµo nou Kuptapxeltat 6Ao Kat 
nsptoo6tepo an6 6ae9velc; TsxvoTponlec; aTnv apxtT£KTOVtKn Kat Tnv TexvoAoy(a 
Twv KTtp(wv, Ta aaToptKa Ktvtpa naptxouv µ(a µova6aKn a(o9non y&a Tov Ka8e 
t6no 6tacpoponotWVTac; TllV µ(a n6All an6 Tl1V aAAn. 
* EEK 89(934)T£AlK6: KotVOT&Kn ItpaTnYtKn yaa Tll Aaaxelptan TWV AnoPAnTwv 
-23 -
Kata T' c; uhuta l ec; 6eKaet l ec; or11Je: t w8nKav µe I ~ovoc; orwao I ac; aHaytc; oto 
oxe:6taoµ6 Kat tn 6taxe:lpton twv n6Ae:wv µac;. Ot neptoo6tepec; n6Ae:tc; 
untotnoav µta 6ta6tKaola npoaottonolnonc;, µe: anot£Aeoµa 6Ao Kat Aty6te:poc; 
K6oµoc; va ~El ota auee:vttKa Ktvtpa, nou KataAaµpavovtat ouve:xwc; an6 ypa,e:la 
Kat Kataotftµata. 
H nle:on nou aoKe:ltaa an6 autnv tnv te:paotta avanTu~n Tttoawv 6paoTnp10TnTwv 
e:nt,epe TflV Kataotpo,n µeyaAou µtpouc; TOU lOTOPlKOU tOTOU TWV n6Ae:wv µac;, 0 
onoloc; avttKataoTa8nKe an6 vta KTlpta, ouxva µttpaac;, eav 6xt KaKnc;, 
1TOt6tnTac;. noAu A(ye:c; KataOKe:utc; tnc; ouyxpovnc; e:noxnc; ea ee:wpn8ouv an6 ttc; 
µeAAOYTIKEt yevetc; 6Tt attOTEAouv KAnpovoµaa. 
o nooottK6c; npoo6toptoµ6c; tnc; Kataotpo,nc; autnc; oe: e:upwna1K6 e:n(ne6o e(vat 
6uoKoAoc;, 616t1 ta e:nlonµa ouotnµata Katata~nc; Kaa Kataypa,nc; noaKlAAouv 
noAu. To Hvwµtvo Bao(Ae:to 6ta8£te:t tva an6 Ta nto 6te:~o6tKa ouotnµata tou 
E ( 6ouc; aUTOU, OUµ,wva µe: TO 01TO ( 0 ExOUV Kataypa,e: ( apKe:tec; £KaTOVt66e:c; 
XtAta6e:c; Kt(pta Paoet ouyKe:Kptµtvwv KPttnp(wv nou ouv6tovtat µe: tnv nAtK(a 
Ka l TrlY KaTaOtaon TCl>V KT l p ( Cl>V. 0 l KOTW Xwpe:c; 61 a8£Touv Ett ( <"1t tva £UpU 
oxt610 Katata~nc; yta tac; µovoKatotKle:c;. Itnv ltaAla ta~tvoµouvtaa oA6KAnpa 
t otop t Ka Ktvtpa µe:ta an6 tvtaAµa twv ton t Kwv apxwv Kat µe: paon e:ev t Kouc; 
v6µouc;. Ito BSA y to avtl 8e:ta txouv ta~ t voµn9e: l noAu At v6te:pa Kt (pt a Kat 
xpno1µono1ouvtat noAu auotnp6repa KPttnpta. 
napa to ve:vov6c; 6tt n ta~tv6µnon ev6c; Kttplou 6e:v anore:Ae:l avayKala evvunon 
yta rnv npootao(a rou, µta 61e:~o61Kn 6ta61Kaola anoypa,nc; µnope( va 
6 t ao,aAl oe: t 6t t n t otop t Kn a~ (a e:v6c; Kt t pl ou ota8µ l ~eta t µe: owot6 tp6no 
6tav unapxouv npotaoetc; yta tnv anoKataotaon tou. Ie 6te:8vn KAlµaKa, n 
avayvwp ton rnc; onµao lac; twv 6 t a,6pwv ne:p t oxwv naptxe:ta t an6 to ruornµa 
TeKµnp(wonc; rou IuµpouA(ou tnc; Evpwnnc;. MoAov6tt to ouotnµa auto 6e:v 
naptxe:t voµtKf\ npootaola, avaµ,lPoAa e:nnpe:a~e:t tn An~n ano,aoe:wv oe: tontK6 
e:n(ne:6o. 
Avotuxwc;, ta npof3Anµata nou avttµe:rwnl~ouv ta totoptKa Ktvrpa twv n6Ae:wv 
µac; 6e:v neptopl~ovtat ota npoPAnµata Kate:6a,tonc; Kat ava66µnonc;. Evw ot nto 
EU1TOpe:c; OtKOytve:te:c; napaµtVOUV n £1Tt0TPE,OUV OTO KeVTPO, ta µe:oa(a 
etoo6nµata e~aKoAoueouv va µe:taKoµ(~ouv npoc; ta npoaotta Kat µe:yaAo µtpoc; 
TWV KaTOtKtWY OTO £0WT£ptK6 Tnc; n6Anc; µto8wvovtat oe: Aty6n:po e:unope:c; 
oµa6e:c; tnc; Kotvwvlac; µac;. napa to ve:vov6c; 6tt ot KatotKle:c; auttc; µnopouv 
EUKOAa Ya EVT01TlOTOUV, EUPlOK6µevec; KOVTQ Otte; 8£oetc; epyao(ac; OTO KeYTPO 
tnc; n6Anc;, Ta too6a an6 ta Ktlpta auta ovxva 6e:v e:napKouv vta tn ouvtnpnon 
touc;, ft 6£V XP'lOtµOttOtOUVtat yta TO OK01T6 aut6. To anott.hoµa e:(vat n 
,eopa twv Kttplwv. 
Ta totoptKa Ktlpta ane:tAouvtat e:nlonc; an6 tnv µe:yaAn aTµoo,atptKn punavon 
Otte; e:upwna1Ktc; n6Ae:ac;. Ta Ktlpta 6£v KaAuntovtat µ6vo an6 otpwµata 
at8aAnc; nou npotpxovtat an6 tnv punavon atwpouµe:vwv ote:pe:wv, aAAa Kat an6 
xnµ t de; avt t 6paoe: t c; µe: punouc; 6nwc; to 6 t o~e: I 6 to tou ee: l ou nov npoKah l 
,eopa otn 601.1n t11c; nhpac;. To ve:vov6c; avt6 elvat e:~atpe:ttKa ooPapo, n 
EttlOKEun 6£ e(va1 6anavnpn, OTflV ne:p(ttTWOl'l TWV 6taKOOIJflTlKWV Oto1xe:lwv TWV 
nto onµavt&Kwv 6nµ6o&Ci>V Kt1p(wv Kat µv11µe:lwv. 
-24 -
H avo60t tOU apa8µou l6l6Ktntwv OUTOKIVOTWV Kal n avantu~n tnt aOtlKOt 
KUKAo,oplat ettea enlont onµavtaKa npoPAftµata y1a ta aotopaKa Ktvtpa twv 
n6A£wv, ta OTro(a OUVft9Wt XOPOKtnp(~OVTOl an6 OT£VOUt 6p6µout TtOU E(va1 
aKatallnlol y1a ta oxftµata µg KIVntftpa. AK6µn KOi Tr6A£1t 6TrWt TO nap(o1 µ£ 
nolEo6oµaK6 oxE6aaoµ6 nou xpovoloye[taa an6 nalaaa Kaa µe µeyala 
PoulEPapta, avtaµstwn[~ouv onµspa KUKAO,OplaK6 np6Plnµa TtOU uneppa[ve1 tnv 
a Kav6tnta µna,opat twv 6p6µwv tout. EKT6t an6 Ta npoplftµata xwpou nou 
npoKalouvta a an6 tnv KUKlo,op 1 aKti ouµ,6pnon. n oTaBµsuon os 6p6µout Ka a 
nlats (Et nou 6sv txouv OXE61 aots ( y 1 a to OKon6 auT6 Evoxh ( TrOAU an6 
a108nTtKO ano,n KOi sµno6(~£1 tnv KUKAO,op[a TWV 1t£~WV OTO 6p6µo. 
nptnsa va El1tW8£( 6TI KQTQ tnv TEAEUta(a 6£KaET[a avayvwp[otnK£ TrEPI006TEPO 
n onµao[a TWV lOTOPlKWV Ktvtpwv TWV Tr6AEWV. 0 pu8µ6t KQTE6a,1onc;; IJEIW8n1<£ 
KOi opx1oav opaoµtva npoypaµµata avaOTOAWOnt. 
Eln,enoav OE µEyolo paeµ6 µttpa via tnv anoouµ,6pnon tnc; KUKAo,oplat Kai 
ne~o6poµn8nKav Tµftµata tou KtvTpou Twv n6lewv ta ono(a ppft1<av µeyaln 
avtan61<p1on oto Koav6, 616t1 01 nolltsc; µnopouv va anolaµpavouv tva 
ao,altotEpo Kat nto ftpeµo nsp1Pallov via tac; ayoptc; touc;. not6oo. n nlson 
nou aoKs (ta 1 an6 Tnv avontu~n. T 1 c;; ava~ 1 ono ( ntst nsp 1 oxtt Ka 1 an6 T 1 t 
ouvtnE1£t tnt xpftont oxnµatwv µs Kavntftpa E~aKolouesl 1<a1 to µtXXov 
op a oµtvwv tµnµaTwv 1otop1 KWV dvtpwv noHwv Eupwna·iKwv n6A£wv napaµtvs 1 
aK6µn nolu aptpaao. 
H (61a n(son sn(ont Ex£1 OUXVO we; anot£A£oµa tnv anwA£1a OVOIXTWV XWPWY 
µtoa otnv n6Xn y1a tnv 6nµ1oupy(a XWPWV OT68µeuont ft 61eupuvon TWV 06<.l>v. 
01 u~nltc; TllJEt TWV QKIVOTWV Ka810TOUV E~OlPETIKO 6UOKOAO y1a Tit 6nµ601sc;; 
apxtc;; va OTtOKTOOOUV Yn y1a tn 6nµ1oupy(a VEWV KOIV6XPnOTWV OVOIXTWY XWPWV 
OTO dvtpa Tnt n6Xnt. tn OT' yµft nou 0 I TtOA ( TEt OUYE 16ntono I ouv 6Xo Ka I 
TtEPl006TEPO TflV onµao[a KOi TflV a~(a TETOIWV XWPWV. 
Maa Ttt8avft npootyy1on TOU npof3lftµaToc; OUTOU £(Vat 11 EU,UOt 6aaxe(p1on 
eyKataAe:AE a µtvwv nsp 1 oxwv nou unapxouv OE 6Ae:t Tat n6A£ at. o a µuaPoltc;; 
ota µovttla anaox6Xno11c;. napaywync; Kat eµnopaKwv µeta,opwv a,noav ta lxvn 
touc; otn 6oµti Twv n6Xewv µac; 1<up(wc; un6 µop'ft µeyoAWV Xwp(6wv 
ava~1onolnt11c;; Yllt 6nou eup(OKOVTOl EYKOTOAEAEllJEVEt anoPo8pec;;. EPYOOTOOIQ 
KO I OTPOTWVEt. Evw op I oµtvEt n6Ae: I c; KOTapt l oav 611µ I oupy' KO oxt61 a 
avanlaont. ota ono(a ,a[vovta1 01 6uvat6tntsc;; twv nep1oxwv autwv va 
6nµ1oupyftoouv µ1a vta s1K6va y1a Tnv n6Xn, allsc; txouv a,noe1 tac; 
eyKaTalsle1µtvsc; neptoxtt avtna,ec;;, oav nXnvti OTO aoT1K6 nep1Pallov. 
Kata e1pwv11<6 tp6no, ta npoPXftµata nou ouv6tovTat µe to 6oµnµtvo nepapaAlov 
twv n6lewv µat 6ev nep1op(~ovta1 oTnv -KOKO ti µn -npooapµoyft Twv 
1otop1Kwv n6lewv OTov Tp6no ~wnc; Tou 20ou a1wva. E~loou ooPapa npoPXftµata 
napatnpn8nKav oe op1oµtva oxt61a ava66µnont nou OKon6 slxav va 
QVTlKQTQOTOOOUV Ta ltOAE060µ1Ka oxt61a yaa Ta KEVTPO TWV n6Xswv. 
Itit 6e1<aetlet tou '50 Kai '60 napaTnpn8nKe otnv Eupwnn µ1a eupe(a Toon yaa 
TIW EKTSAEOn µa~' KWV 6riµ6o' WV OTEyaoT l KWV npoypaµµaTWV OT' t napu,tc; TWV 
Kwµon6lswv Kai twv n6Xewv µac; nou ouxva nspalaµPavav u~nxa Ktlpaa 
61aµsp1oµatwv. Xwp(c; Tic; avtoe1c; TWV n6lewv, µe KOKO OUYKOIVWV(a Kat ouxva 
xwplc; tnv KataXlnXn ouvtftpnon, 01 nepaoxtt auttt ouxva µstatpannKav ottt 
'Twxovs 1tov1 tc;; tnc;; 6eKaet ( ac; Tou '70 Ka 1 '80. H anouo (a Eµnop 1 Kwv Ka 1 
OlKOVOIJlKWV 6paotnp10TOTWV Kat EUKOlPlWV OTlt nepaoxtt auttt ouvtPaAE 0Tf1V 
µEyaln avEPY la Ka 1 o6nvnoe otov aK6µn µe:yalutepo nep 1op1 oµ6 Tilt 
KtvnttK6tntat Kai TWV EUKOIPIWV TWV Kato(KWV TOUt. 
-25 -
H a~(a TWV •UOlKWV xapaKTnPlOTlKWV OTO EOWTEPlK6 TWV aotlKWV TrEPlOXWV tXEl 
avavvwptote:( an6 Katpou. Ta napKa, ot K{\not Kat ot 6sv6po,utsuµtvsc; 
AEW,6po1 anOTEAOUV napa6001aKa OTOIX&(a TOU oxe61aoµou µ1ac; n6Anc;. Ta 
xapaKtnp1ot1Ka auta e(va1 e:~a1pet1Ka onµavt1Ka via to ont1K6 ne:6lo· aK6µn 
Ka1 tvac; noAu µtKp6c; ap19µ6c; µe:vaAwv 6tv6pwv anaAuve:t onµavtaKa tnv 
OKAnP6tnta e:v6c; te:Ae:lwc; 6oµnµtvou ne:p1pa>.>.ovtoc;. EntnAtov, ta 
xapaKtnptotaKa auta txouv ouµpoAtKn a~(a yaa noA>.ouc; KatolKouc;; twv n6Ae:wv, 
616t1 TOUc; naptxouv evav ~UXOAOYlK6 6£0µ6 µe: tnv ,uon Kal tnv una19po. 
Kata ta np6o•ata ttn, to au~av6µe:vo e:v6ta,tpov via tnv 61atnpnon tnc; ,uonc; 
o6nvnoe: no>.u K6oµo va e:hpe:uvnoe:1 touc; Ptot6nouc; Kat tnv ayp1a ~wn tou 
aµe:oou ne:p1(3aAAOVTOc; tnc; n6>.nc; touc; Kal TWV npoaot(wv touc;. ne:ptoxtc; 
e:vKataA£Ae1µtvnc; vnc; Kai nµ1cpuo1Kol P16tono1 ouxva ano6e:lxtnKav e:Kn>.nKttKa 
RAOUOlOl 0£ TrOlKlA(a Kal a•8ov(a ayp1ac; ~wnc;. H onµao(a aUTWV TWV <pUOlKWV 
13tot6nwv OTlc; QOTldc; ne:p1ox£c; au~ri8nKe:, 6e:6oµtvou 6tl 0 XWPOc;; yta tnv 
aypta ~wn Otnv unat9po ouµn1t~e:tal an6 tnv XPnon npaKTlKWV e:vtaTlKOc; 
KaAAlEpye:1ac; tlc; TEA£Uta(sc; 6e:Ka£tle:c;. 
Ie: optoµtve:c; n6Ae:tc;;, Katapt(otnKav Xe:ntoµe:pe:(c; Kata).oyol µe: touc; aypaouc; 
l31ot6nouc; Kai 6nµaoupyn9nKav 6paotnp1e:c; oµa6e:c;; oe: e:ee:>.ovt1Kn Paon, 01 
ono(e:c;; ~ntouv tnv npootao(a twv t6nwv autwv an6 tn 66µnon Kat va 
61ao,aA1ote:l n 61axelpton tnc; KaAric;; Kataotaonc; touc;. napa to ye:yov6c; 6tt 
un6 an6Autouc; 6pouc;; t6not tou e:(6ouc; autou 6ev txouv navtote: tnv l6ta a~la 
Vla ta e:(6n TrOU OUVKEVTPWVOUV 0£ OUYKPIOn µe: tvav npavµattK6 •UOtK6 
f316t01TO, TO yeyov6c; 6tl e:up(OKOVTal µ£oa n KOVTa 0£ aOTlKQ Kevtpa QlTOKta 
l 6 la ( te:pn a~ (a KQ l Ol'UJaO [a. A1TOT£AOUV £Tr [one; Ol')µQVT l Kn nllYO y la 
e:Knat6e:ut1Ktc; 6paotnp16tnte:c; Kat e:~otKelwon µe: tn ,uon. 
H au~non tou xp6vou ava~uxnc; 13on9noe: touc; noA l tee; va anoKtouv 6Ao Ka 1 
µe:yaAUTEPf'I ouve:[6non tnc; a~(ac; Kai onµao(ac; aUTWV TWV OVOlXTWV XWPWV µ£oa n 
KOVTQ OTf'IV n6An. 'Ooo n XPnon vnc; µe:tal3aAA£Tal µtoa OTf'IV n6An, Ol 6nµ601£c; 
apxtc; OUXVO EXOUV tnv EUKatp(a Ya 6nµ1oupyouv v£ouc; KOlV6XPnotouc; XWPOuc;. 
'onwc; 6µwc; ri6n e: 1 nw9nKe:, n 6nµ 1 oupy la Ko 1 v6xpnotwv xwpwv s l vat 6anavnpri 
A6yw tnc; a~lac;; nou txe:a anoKtnoe:t n vn an6 tnv 66µnon. 
01 OYOIKTO( XWPOI KOi 01 nµa,UOlKOf 13t6TOTrOl OTlc; napu,tc; TWV n6A£WY, OTouc; 
ono l ouc; txouv e:uKoXn np6oPaon o l Kato t Ko 1 twv n6hwv e: l vat e:n lone; noAu 
onµaYTIKOl. noAAEc; n6Ae:c;, 6nwc;; 01 Bpu~£AA£c;, TO Be:poAlvo Kat TO 
AouhµPoupvo, 61 a9£touv µe:yaXe:c; 6ao 1 de; e:Ktaoe: t c; nou PP l oKovta t ota 6p ta 
TWY n6AEWY. 01 £KTQO£lc; auttc; npoocptpouv P16tonouc;; yaa Tf'IY aypaa ~wn KQl 
XWPOUc; ava~uxnc;, anOTEAOUV 6e: nnvn e:µnopaKnc; e:KµETOAAEUOf'lc; TWV 6aowv. 
Ae:6oµtvou 6t1 otnv Koav6tnta 01 npote:pa16tntsc; yaa tnv ye:wpy1Kii napaywvn 
µe:taPaAAOVTat, ot apxtc;; nou 6ttnouv tn 66µnon t£to1wv ne:paoxwv e:up10K6µe:vwv 
Kovta oe: OAAe:c; n6Ae:1c; nptne:1 va e:~e:taotouv. 
Ta npo(3Atiµata twv n6Aewv en10K1a~ovta1 arr6 tic; npocpave:lc; f3dt1woe:1c;; rrou 
txouv e:rrtA9e:1 oe: aurtc;, 6nAa6n rn Pe:Xtlwon rnc; uve:lac; twv KatolKwv touc;, 
TOV KaAUTEPO OlKlaK6 £~01TAl0µ6, Ta e:un>.ta vta Ktlpta Kat Touc;; 
autoK1vnto6p6µout;. To e:n1xe:lpnµa 6t1 ta ouvenaK6Aou9a anotsAouv "avayKalo 
T(µnµa11 cpa(ve:Tal lowt; apK£Ta 1T£lOTlK6. EntnAtov, Ol apVflTIKEC £TrlTrTWoe:1c;, 
o 1 ono l ec e: Iva 1 e:~ l oou 11 npayµaTl dt; 11 µe: T 1 t; (3d T 1woe:1 t; auttc;, ana 1 touv noXu 
µe:yaAutepo xp6vo via va ylvouv avttAnnttc;. 
-26 -
napa6e1yµa n avo6oc; tnc; eyKAnµat1K6tntac;, ta xp6v1a npoPAnµata uyelac;, n 
Pa8µ1a(a au~non tl'lc; KUKAoq»op(ac;, 0 86pul3oc; Kal ., punavon· etOl' onavla 
611µ1oupye(tal µ1a Kp(o1µn XPOVIKn Otlyµn 11 ono(a ana1te(ta1 OUV08Wc; y1a Tl'IV 
avaAn~n noAlTlKnc; 6paonc;. 
not6ao, n noA1t1Kn wp1µ6tnta µ1ac; Kotvwvlac; µetpe(tat an6 tnv lKav6tnTa Tnc; 
va £~£tal;£l ta npayµata µaKponp68eoµa. H eupwnalKO ev6tnta anoteAsl 
napa6e1yµa. b.EV µnops( va sntT£UX9£( µe ypaq»EIOKPQTIKQ Kat T£XVOKPQTIKQ 
oxt61a nou anotuvxavouv oTnv nap6tpuvon µeyaAou µtpouc; tou nAn9uoµou npoc; 
TOY oKon6 aut6. H supwnalKn n6An 6sv µnope( va 61aow8s( µ6vo µe 
KaVOVIOtlKEc; pu8µ(oetc; n µ£ XPOIJOTa. H 13£At(won tnc; analt£( npwta an'6Aa 
supsla Katav6non twv Pa9uTepwv a1T(wv Twv npoPAnµaTwv Tnc; yaa va 
61aµopq»w8el n Paon Tnc; ouvalveonc; nou ea sn1Tpt~e1 Tnv Ko1voT1Kn, KpaTtKn 
Ka 1 eupwnalKn 6paon v 1 a tva Ko 1 v6 OT6xo. AuT6 ouvenay£Ta 1 Tnv avTaHavn 
16ewv Kat Tl'l ouvepyaola µeTa~u n6Aswv os supe(a KA(µaKa. 
Ta sv A6yw altta ouxva nptne1 va avaZ:nTn9ouv otov tp6no µe Tov onolo 
opyavwvouµs Tl'IV epyaola µac;. tnv napaywvn, tn 61avoµn Kat Tl'IV KaTavaAwon, 
OUXVa µ& aKaµnT&c; Kat nsnepaoµtvsc; apxtc; OX£61aoµou. AuTa, Ka8wc; KOi aAAa 
alTla aAAnAoen16pouv, enatelvovtac; To tva TO aAAo. H anap[8µnon twv a1Tlwv 
nou 6[6eta1 oTn ouvtxe1a 6sv slva1 1epapxnµtvn. 
A&lTOUPYIOKpaT(a (tov~1ovaA10µ6c;) 
o ouyxpovoc; noAso6oµ 1 K6c; oxs61 aoµ6c; ouxva avTavaKAa aK6µa T 1 c; apxtc; Tnc; 
Ae1Toupy10KpaTlac; nou avanTux8nKs oTo "Xaptn twv A8nvwv", eswpla oxs61aoµou 
Tl'lc; 6&KQ£T(ac; TOU '40, Ka8wc; Kat OTO 8p£TQVIK6 Klvnµa YlQ Ttc; Knnoun6Aetc;. 
Kai 01 6uo eewplec; avanTuooouv Ta npotepnµaTa ev6c; ouoTnµaToc; n0Aso60µ1Kou 
oxe61aoµou 0Tnp1~6µevou otov auoTnp6 61axwp10µ6 Kai xwpo8ttnon twv 
6paotnp 1 on'ltwv µe J3aon Tl'l AE 1 toupy la. 'Eta 1 , n KaTo 1 Kl a, o 1 J31oµnxav1 de; 
nep1oxtc;, ta eµnop1Ka Ktvtpa, 01 npao1vo1 xwpoa KAn. elva1 oaq»wc; 
61axwp1oµtvo1 Kat ouv6tovta1 µe tva £KT£taµtvo 061K6 Kat µetaq»op1K6 61Ktuo. 
Op1oµtvec; •optc; o Ae1toupy1K6c; 61axwp10µ6c; µnope( va elva1 xpnoaµoc; 6tav 
np6Ke1ta1 n.x. via tnv l31oµnxav(a. re aAAsc; nspaoxtc; wot6oo, 6nwc; T6v1os o 
Kar 1 Gruber, n auotnPn tnpnon Z:wvwv avvoe I Tnv 1oTop1 Kn Ka 1 yewypaq» 1 Kn 
npayµaTIK6tnta tnc; n6Anc;. H "AElTOUPYlKO aKp[P&ta" Kataotptq»EI Tt'lY 
sAaot1K6tnta tnc; n6Anc; Kat twv Kttplwv tnc;. Ta Ktlp1a, 6s6oµtvou 6t1 txouv 
oxs61ao8e( we; apx1T£KTov1Ka avttK&lµeva, 6sv µnopouv va npooapµooTouv otac; 
µetaf3aAA6µsvec; ouv8nKsc; Ka1, enoµtvwc;, eµno6ll;ouv Tnv n6An va Ae1toupynoe1 
oav tva 6uvaµ1K6 Kat opyav1K6 ouvoAo. 
H napaywvn Kat n opyavwon tnc; epyaolac; 
MoAov6tl aK6µn KQl n P1oµnxav1Kn n6An unnp~e 0£ µeyaAo Pa8µ6 entKtaon tnc; 
napa6001aKnc; Kwµ6noAnc;, n 61s8vonolnon tnc; 01Kovoµlac; npoKaAeoe pn~n µe to 
napsA86v. 01 snev6uos1c; Kai n Tono8ttnon touc; npayµatono1ouvta1 an6 
µaKpuva Kevtpa An~nc; anoq»aoswv nou noowc; sv61aq»tpovta1 y1a tac; sn1ntwoe1c; 
touc;. Ta npol6vta oxe61al;ovta1 0£ tva t6no Kat napayovtat 0£ tvav aAAo. 
H noAEo6oµ I a ouxva txs' tnv taon va ev9appuve 1 tn 66µnon, vtec; uno6oµtc; 
ena KO 1 vwv I ac;, P 1oµnxav1 Ka napKa Ka 1 KT ( p' a ypacps ( wv noHtc; cpoptc; 
avttKa8lOTOUY nepaoxtc; KQTOlKlac; OTO £0WT£PlK6 TWV n6Aewv. 
Ka8e n6An en161wK£1 va npoosAKuoet t6psc; sta1ps1wv, 6ae9velc; opyav1oµouc;, 
6asevslc; 6paotnp16tntsc; napoxnc; unnpeoawv Kat P1oµnxav1Ktc; snev6uos1c;, nou 
twpa npayµatono1ouvta1 oe tva nAa{oao au~nµtvou avtaywvaoµou µsta~u n6Aswv. 
Mtoa oe 6Aa auta, to ne:p113aAAov Kat n no16tnta Z:wnc; twv KatolKwv ouxva 
tpxovtaa oe 6sutspn µolpa. 
-27 -
Taut6xpova n rrep1PaHovttKr1 rro16tnta e(va1 rrpoo6v via tov 61£9vn 
avtaywv I oµ6. 0 I 61 opatt dt apx tc; TWV rr6hwv £TC l 61 WKOUV va 1tP00£AKUOOUV 
6paotnp16tntsc; µs u~nXn npoot18tµsvn a~(a au(avovtac; tnv no16tnta ~wnc; otnv 
TC6A'1 rl syKa8lOTWVTac; EAKUOTIKa (31oµnxavaKa TCapKa -µs au(nµtva TOUPlOTlKa 
£oo6a eTC1rrAtov. 
Err1xs1pnos1c;, speuvnt1Ka Kevtpa Kat aXAot opyav10µ0( TCou srr1C:ntouv va 
TCPOOAaPouv TCpoowrr 1 K6 u~11Aou £TC a d6ou Ka 1 1 Kav6 spy at 1 K6 6uvaµ 1 K6 aTC6 to 
orrofo e(aptata1 ouvsxwc; n srrttuxla touc;, uTCoAoy(~ouv 6x1 µ6vo tnv 
£AKUOT1K6tnta ev6c; rraeavou t6rrou aAAa Kat tnv ouµPattKn tou 
anotsAsoµattK6tnta. To rreptPaAXov Kat n rrot6tnta C:wnc; yta touc; Kato(Kouc; 
Kai y1a T'1V rrpow9non TO<; OtKOVOµtKrlt avantU(llt 8a 1tPETC£l Kata OUVETC£ta va 
arroteAe( rrpwtapx1K6 etµa yaa tnv TCoXeo6oµ(a Kat tnv 61axelp1on twv TC6Xewv. 
Atavoµn Kal KaTOVQAW0'1 
H £TCOXti T'1t; µa~ l Krlt KatavaXwonc; £ (XE f3a9u avt ( KTUTCO OT'1V XWPOta( (a TWV 
rr6Aewv. 'Eva aTC6 ta ~atv6µeva TCou napatnpouvtat e(vat ta µsyaXa sµnoptKa 
Kevtpa otnv aKpa(a TCep1,£ps1a, ota onola n np6oPaon y(vetaa µ6vo µe 
autoKf vnto• Kata rrap6µ010 tp6no, Kata µnKoc; twv o6wv rrp6of3aonc; otnv n6An 
unapxouv e 161 Keuµtva Kataotriµata, µe t£paot 1 sc; ,wte t vtc; £TC 1 ypa,tc; nou n 
ouvoAtKr'l £tK6va touc; µ01aC:e1 neptoo6tepo µe eKe(vn µtac; PaoµnxavtKr'lc; C:wvnc; 
napa µe £K£1vn tnc; napa6001aKtic; High Street. 
Ev tw µsra(u, aKp 1 pa Kataotflµata KataAaµ(3avouv ta n 1 o ypa' 1 Ka µE:pn tou 
naAatou Ktvtpou, otepwvtac; touc; Kato(Kouc; an6 Kataotnµata e16wv Ka8nµep1vnc; 
avayKnc;. 'AAA£c; K£vtp1Kec; neptoxtc; KataAaµpavovta1 an6 neC:o6poµnµtvec; 
C:wvec;, 6nou ouoowpe:uovta 1 anoKh tot 1 Ka Katacnnµata tv6uonc; Ka 1 napoµo I wv 
£16WV Ta ono(a µ£1WVOUV T'1V TCOIKIA(a Kai T'1V aV£0'1 YtO TOUc; KOTO(KOUc; Kat 
npoO£AKUOUV tnv OUYKEVTpwon tnc; KUKAO,oplac; Ota yupw yKapaC:. 
EnoµE:vwc;' unapxe I E:vac; 6eoµ6c; µeta~u KO t VOXPllOTWV XWPWY y I a tva 
anoKA£10TlKQ OKon6 KOi tnc; aottKr'lc; µovo-A£1TOUPYIK6tntac; EV ytvet: n 
TCeC:o6poµnµtvn neptoxn 6nµ1oupys( C:wvec; Kataotnµatwv· o aot1K6c; 
autoK1vnt66poµoc;, yKtto ypa,e(wv. EKelvo nou £xe1 anwAe09£l elva1 n 
1ooppon(a nou rrpoKuntet an6 tnv ouvunap(n noAXwv xpnoe:wv Kat rroXXwv tp6nwv 
µeta,opac;: tnv nsC:onopla, tnv no6nXaola Kai tit 6nµ601ec; ouyK01vwvlec; nou 
6nµtoupyouv tva nsp1f3aAAOV µe noXXanXtc; A£1toupy(ec; to ono(o 6ev e(aptata1 
£( oAoKAnpou OUT£ anoKAe(ea Tn XPnon TOU l61WTIKOU autoK1vntou. 
:evo6oxe(a, eot1at6p1a Kai Kato1K(a 
Ta levo6oxela Kai ta eot1at6p1a µnopouv va anoteAtoouv en£Ktaon tn~ ~wnc; 
otnv n6An µe oKon6 va e~unnpetnoouv touc; Kato l Kouc; tnc;. Avt 'autou 6µwc;, 
anoteAouv anAn an6"n~n twv ypa,elwv, e~unnpetwvtac; ttc; avayKst touc; 
Otpaµwxvovtac; touc; KaTOlKOUt Kat npoO£AKUOVTa, Tt'lV KUKAO,op(a npot TO 
dvtpo. 
Ta K£vtpa Kato1Kouvtal 6Xo Kai nep1006tepo an6 tpe1c; oµa6ec; tou nAn8uoµou: 
flAlKtwµtvou, µs nevtxpa OIKOVOµtKa µtoa, µetavaOT£t Kat £UKataOTOTOUt Kat 
xwplt na161a vtout enayyeAµatlet, 01 onoio1 enw,£Aouvta1 an6 tnv avaKalv1on 
nou rcpayµatono1e(ta1 Kat6ntv 161wt1Knc; n 6nµ6otac; npwtoPouA(a~, avaKa(Vl0'1 
nou 6nµ1oupye( tnv "vta KaAn Ko1vwvla". 
01 OUVOlKl£t ltOU nep11'3aAAOUY TO KtVTPO Kai KT(OT'1KaY Kata TO 6£UT£PO nµtOU 
tou 19ou a1~va, napouo1a~ouv µeyaAuTepn 61a,oponolnon twv oµa6wv tou 
nAn8uoµou wt npoc; tnv nA1Kla Kai tnv Ko1vwvtKn npotAeuon. not6oo, 
(lapuvovta 1 an6 trlV KuKXoq>op (a nou 61tpxeta1 an6 auttc; µs KaT£u9uvon to 
KE:vtpo Kat an6 tnv KataAn~n tou s6a,ouc; touc; yaa tnv avtyspon ypa,elwv. 
-28 -
Etrlan<: OTnv tr£Pt,tpsta, Ot OtKtaµo( auxva Aaµpavouv Tnv µop•n aKpa(a<: µovo­
A£tTOUPYtK6Tnta<:, T6ao 6aov a•opa Tnv KOtVWVtKn utr60Taan TWV Kato(KWV TOU<: 
6ao Kat Tnv avunap~la noAAanAwv aaTtKwv unnpsaawv Kat 6paaTnptoTnTwv. 
MoAov6tt n avatrTU~n aUTWY TWV n6Aewv-unvwTnp(wv µnope:( EV µtpst va s~nYn8e( 
W<: 0 anavTnan TWY 6nµoa(wv apxwv OE µ(a nt£0TtKO aVOYKO, s(vat sn(anc TO 
anoTtAe:aµa µta<: 6oyµaTtKn<: ano~n<: nou avanTuxBnKs nptv Tov npwTo nayK6oµto 
tr6hµo, auµ,wva µe: Tnv ono(a n "KnnoutroAn" atroTe:h( t6e:w6e<:. H trpootra8e:ta 
va trpoo,£p8e:( OTOUC KaTo(KOUC TWV n6Aewv atpac, npeµ(a Kat XWPO<: s(xs ouxva 
6uoTuxwc e:n (an<: we atroTHe:oµa Tnv aot t Kn e~anAwon Kat aK6µn µeyaAuTepn 
anoµaKpuvon an6 TO KEVTpo. 
noT6ao, To avt IT t µo s Iva t n avayKn v ta uno6oµt<: µa<: t Kwv µeta•opwv, Twv 
otrolwv Ol KUPIEC OUVETrEtEt e(vat nto atoBnTt<: Ott<: trAnotEOTEPEt OTO KEVTPO 
n~p1oxtc• yta Touc Kato(Kouc 6e n Kupta ouvtneta e:(vat xpovoP6psc 
µeTaKtvnoe:tc. EtrttrAtov, n KaTOtK(a Ota trpoaOTta KaTavTa trpoPAnµaTtKn 6Tav 
6e:v elvat auTapKn<:. O e:~otrAtoµ6c TOU<: sf vat tva anote:Ae:oµaTtK6 
unoKaTOOTaTO TWY unnpe:otwv TrOU avTaAAoooovtat µtoa OTlt OUVOtKIEt Kat, KaTa 
ouvtne:ta, ouµpaAAouv oTnv anoµ6vwon. 
Ot ouvtne:te:c auTt<: ouvtPaAav otn 6nµtoupy(a µtac Klvnonc "e:ntoTpo•nt oTnv 
n6An". H 6uoavaoxtTnon A6yw twv xpovoP6pwv µstaKtvnoswv Kat n £trt8uµ(a va 
ETrW,EA£(Tat TO QTOµo atr6 tnv noAtTtOTtKn notKtA(a tn<: n6An<: EVlOXUOYTat atr6 
6uo Taut6xpova avayKEt 6e:6oµevou 6Tt 0 6£UTEPOY£Yn<: Kat tptTOYEVOt 
toµtac txouv tnv taon va httoupyouv 6Ao TO e:tKoOtte:Tpawpo, To te:xv1K6 
trpoowntK6 nou KataAaµPavet KUPl£t etoe:tc n Ta OTeAtxn nptnel va e(val avo 
nooa OTtyµn 6ta8£01µa. EtrtOn<:, n OUXvn anoµaKpuvon atr6 Tnv KaTOtK(a Kat 
tnv KotvwvtKn <:wn nou ouv6£ovtaa µs Tnv au~non tnc e:nayyeAµattKnt 
KtvnttK6TnTat µnope( Ya atrO.EUX8£( µe: tn 6taP(won KOVTO 0 µ£oa OTO Kevtpo. 
To a(tnµa yta EAKUOTlKn aoTtKn KaTOlK(a KatoAAnAn yta OlKOYEVEtE<: apxl<:et 
va tKavonotelTat µE µla aK6µn ouxvo OE nE1paµat1K6 oto6to e~ao•oA1on 6p6µwv 
µE nEptop1oµouc via Tnv KUKAo,op(a, 6nou Ta nat610 µnopouv va nal<:ouv Kat 
Ol evnAtKEt va KUKAo•opouv, µE µ1Kpa aAAo nEptno1nµ£va nopKa Kal nat6tKEt 
xaptt, vtout Knnouc, KpEµaoTouc Knnouc, KAtr. 
Ta trE t paµata auto 6e: ( xvouv 6t 1 o ouv6uaoµ6c twv aot t Kwv h' Toupy 'wv -
6taPlwon, µetaKlvnon, e:pyao(a -e(vat 6uvat6t Kat 6Ao Kat ne:p1006tepo 
avayKaloc. Autn n vta avTIAn~n AaµPove:t we µovTtAo Tnv naAato, napa6ootaKn 
twn Tn<: EupwnalKnt n6An<:, tnv u~nAn nuKv6tnta, tt<: noAAanAtc xpnoe:1c, tnv 
KotvwvtKn Kat noAtTtOttKn 6ta,oponolnon. H 6uvat6tnta va <:ouv an6 Kotvou 
oµo6Et µe: 6ta,opEttKn KotvwvtKn npotAe:uon, e:navve:AµattKn Kataotaon Kat 
nAtKla 6nµtoupye:l enlonc tn Poon yta µ(a av9pwntvn ouvunap~n nou 
unovoµeuetat atr6 Tnv au~av6µevn oyvota tou nAnolov Kat tn 6uontotla. 
Evtoutot<:, ot otKtoµo( tnt ne:p1,tpEtac, nou uno,tpouv 6Ao Kat neptoa6tepo 
an6 to pav6aAtoµ6 Kat tnv syKAnµattK6tnTa A6yw twv ne:ptoptoµtvwv entAoywv 
y1a anaox6Anon, tnc µovotovlac Kat tnt anoµ6vwonc nptnet va aottKonotnBouv 
Kat autt<: ouµ,wva µe aut6 TO vto Kat tauT6xpova naAat6 µovttAo, 6nAa6n µe 
Tn 6nµtoupyia µeyaAuTePn<: eTepoytveaac, KtvTpwv u~nA6TePnt nuKv6tnta<:, <:wnc 
Kat notKtAlac XPOOEwv. 
Touptoµ6c 
H ota8EPO au~non TOU TOUPlOµou OE optoµtvec tr6AEtt nou OUYKEVTPWVOUV 
taut6xpova nAouo16tatn noAtttottKn KAnpovoµ10, n0Auop18µa apxtT£KTov1Ko 
µvnµE(a Kal µ(a notOTtKn O £l6lKO noAe:o66µnon, µnope( va KataAn~£l, 
EAAEl~et anoTEAeoµaTtKou e:Atvxou, otnv un0Pa8µ1on tnt no16Tntac <:wnc Twv 
Kato(Kwv. npoyµata, o noAAanAao1aoµ6c twv ~svo6oxe:lwv, n ovo6oc tnc a~lac 
-29 -
Tilt; Yl1'i:, 11 s~acpaY 'on twY sµnop' Kci>Y KataotnµatwY nou s l Ya' aYayKa (a otnY 
Ka911µsp1yr\ twr\, 11 1oxup6tat11 ouyKtYTpwon TWY KaTofKWV KOl 11 anoµaKpUVOl'l Tl'lt 
P1ot£XYlat;; Kai tWY µ1Kpci>Y sn1xs1pnoswv 061lYOUY oto va µstatpanouv ta 
1otop1Ka KtYtpa os t6nouc; µs anoKA£1ot1Ka µla 6paotllPl6tnta. H µsTatponr\ 
autr\, ll onola 61atapaoos1 tnv su8paOTll 1ooppon(a tou aot1Kou nspapaAAoYtoc;, 
6sY µnope( napa va PAa~sa to ysv1K6 6uvaµ10µ6 twv 1otop1Kci>v Ktvtpwv, 6nwc; n 
noAu loxupr\ ouyKtYtpwon sn10Ksntci>Y µnope( Ya txs1 we; ouvtns1a tn cp8opa tnc; 
l61ac; tnc; KA11poyoµ1at;;. 
not6oo, 01 n6Ae1c; Kai 01 nsp1cptps1sc; avaµtvouv noAAa an6 tnv avantu~n twv 
6paot11p1otntwY nou ouv6t0Yta1 µs tov toup10µ6 Kat Tl1Y ava~uxn. Kata 
ouvtns1a sns(ysa Ya aYantuxesl µla otpatnY•Kr\ oxs6laoµou tou aotlKOU 
touploµou µs oKon6 Ya anocpsuxeouY 01 apv11tlKtc; ouYtnsltc; tou Kal 11 slocpopa 
tou va anope( wcptA1µ11 yaa t11v avaKalvaon tou aottKou aotou, tl1Y avaotnAwon 
Tl1t l OTOP l Kflc; KA11POYOµ lac;, Tl1V avanTU~l'l TOU S~OnA l oµou aYa~uxnc; Ka I TWV 
xci>pwy npao(You Kai, ttAoc;, Tl1 PsAtlwon TWY Ko1Y6xpnotwY xci>pwY. 
EnlKOIYWY(a Kat KIYflTIK6t11ta 
OploµeYOl µsAAOYTOA6yo1 EXOUV KataAr\~£1 OTO ouµntpaoµa 6tl 11 OUYXPOVfl 
T£XYOAoyfa TWV sntKOIYWYIWY 9a µnopOUOE Ya £1tlTPS~£1 0£ £K£fvouc; nou onµepa 
~OUY KOl spya~OYTOl 0£ aoq»UKTlOUOEc; n6A£lc; va 6aaonap8ouv 0£ 6An Tfl xci>pa. 
Ta naYTO OTPECIOYTa l Kata autflc; Tilt 0£WPl1011c; YI a 6AOUc; TOUc; £pya~6µ£YOUt;; 
£KT6c; an6 Alyouc; avs~apt11touc; snayyeAµaTlsc; : o au~11µtvoc; apl8µ6t;; at6µwv 
we; npoc; Tll 61aeto1µll v11. 11 Kataorpocpn rou nsp1P6AAOYtoc; xci>pou, 11 
ouvsnay6µsv11 KataonataAnon t11c; unapxouoac; aot1Knc; uno6oµnt;;. 
H KlYflTtK6tnta twv at6µwv napaµtvea Aoan6v tva ouo1aottK6 to 
OUOlaOTlK6T£PO (owe; -yvci>p1oµa Tilt n6Allt· Iuµcpwva µ£ Ta npOflYOUIJEYa 
sn1xs1pnµata, o 61axwp10µ6c; os TµnµaTa unayopsu6µsvot;; an6 to 
A£ltoupyaoKpatlK6 66yµa acpnvs1 µ1Kpa nep18ci>p1a ota aut0Klv11ta. 
'AHwots n KataoKsur\ vtwv 6p6µwY, oupayywv, KAn. y1a Ya 61suK0AuY8£( n 
au~av6µsyn KUKAocpopla txs1 to aYtlotpocpo anottA&oµa, 611Aa6r\ tl1Y £nlPpa6uvoll 
tnc; KuKAocpoplac; Kata tn 61apKs1a tile; KataoKsunc; touc;, svci> tauT6xpova 
au~aYsta1 n punavoll Kai o 86puPot;; aK6µ1l nsp1006tspo. 'OtaY Kanots 
0AoKA11pwYsta1 n KataoKsur\ µlac; uno6oµnt;;, ouvToµa n KUKAocpop(a au~avsta1 yaa 
va 61lµ1oupyr\os1 Kat naAt ta npollvouµeva enlns6a ouµcp6p11011c;. r1a to Ktvtpo 
6µwc; n au~no11 011µa(Ysl ouyK£Kp1µtva npayµata vta nl&Oll vaa xci>pouc; 
Ota8µ£U011t Ota 1t£~06p6µ1a, Tlt;; nAats(sc; Kal TO napKa. 
H TEAE (a anay6p£UOfl Tilt; KUKAocpop ( ac; TWY OUTOK l YnTWY onaY la 01tOT£AE ( Tl1 
OWOTr\ anaYTl101l. 'Onwc; £l1tW01lKE ltPOllVOUµtvwt;;, µnope( Va £1tlOn£UO£l Tll 
61a61Kao(a OYOltTU~llt µaac; µ6vo 6paOTllPl6Tlltac; OTO KEYTpo. Mnops( va 
EYlOXUOEI Tit; napaKaµ~e1c; nou au~avouv Tll OUYOAlKO KUKAOq»op(a KQl 
ouµpaHOUY OTfl punaVOll 0 µsra0£touv TO np6f3Allµa Tilt; OTa8µ£UOllc; an6 TO 
sowtep1K6 tou npootaTsu6µevou Kevtpou ota 6paa autou. 
re ysy 1 de; ypaµµtc;, o ot6xoc; ea nptne a va s Iva 1 6t 1 to autoK I Vil to 6ev 
anot£A£l napa µ(a sn1Aoyn Kai 6x1 µ(a avayKa16t1lta nou txs' 61lµ1oupyll8£l -n µaAAoY £1ttPAn8sl OTO atoµo -an6 TO 61axwp10µ6 Tile; n6Allc; 0£ tµflµata µ£ 
Ka8op1oµtYet;; 6paot1lp16t1lt£c;. H 611µ1oupy1Kn n6An µs noAAanAtc; 
6paoT11p16t1lt£t;;, n onola elYat sn(onc; Kat mo P1ci>o1µ11, slvaa £Kslvn nou 
puna (YE I A I y6upo. nep lop ( tovtac; £~6.Hou Tl1 ouµPoAn TWY QUTOK' Yr\TWY OTO 
96pupo, Tlc; avaocpaAslc; o6out;; Kai tnv atµoocpa1p1Kr\ punavon, Ta npotspnµata 
tnt;; n6Allt µnopouv va au~neouv Kai va avanTuxeouv 01 01Kovoµ1K£t;;, Ko1Ywv1Ktt;; 
Kal ltOAITlOTIKEc; 6uvat6tntsc; Tilt . 
-30 -
n10 ou~K~Kpaµt~a, ta napanavw o6nyouv 0£ tpsac ouyKAlvouo£c; Kat£u8uvo£1c : 
Na ano,sux&sl o auotnp6c 61axwp10µ6c; 0£ ~wvsc npoc; 6,sAoc; twv noAAanAwv 
XPftOSWV TOU aOT l KOU XWPOU Ka l va £UYOfl8£ ( 161 a ( T£pa fl Kato l K (a OT l c; 
nspaoxtc; svt6c; TflC n6Anc; 
Na npooTaT£u8&1 n apx1t£KTov1Kft KAnpovoµaa tvavT1 T'lC 0µ016µop,nc; 
KOlYOTUn(ac; Tflc; 61£8vouc; TEXYOTponolac;, µ& TO O&(Jaoµ6 Kai 6x1 µ& Tn 
µ(µnon Tou naAaaou. 
Na anO,EUX9£ ( n napaKaµq1n TWY nporJAnµaTWY tnc; n6Anc; µg tn OUY&Xft 
sntKtaon tnc; nsp1,tps1ac; tnc;: va &n1Au8ouv Ta npoPAftµaTa tnc; µtoa ota 
unapxovta 6p1a tnc;. 
T£Aoc;, s(va1 onµaYTlK6 va TOYI08£( 0 p6Aoc; TWV KaYOVlOTlKWV pu8µ(oswv, 0 
ono(oc; µwops( va anotsAtos1 npos16onolnon £vavt1 opaoµtvwv tp6nwv 
OX£61aoµou. 01 Kavov&OT&Kec; pu8µ(0&1c; via to nsp&(JaAAov slva1 anapa(Tntec;. o oxs61aoµ6c; xwplc; supsla ouµµ£toxn an6 Ka& yaa Touc; KatolKouc; Tflc; n6Anc; 
o6nys( os nsp1op10µ£vsc; avt1Aftq1e1c; yaa TflV anoT&Aeoµat1K6tnta tou nou oto 
t£Aoc; tov Kata61Ka~ouv va ano(Js( otslpoc;. 
-31 -
KEtAAAIO 2•: nPOI MIA KOINOTIKH ITPATHrlKH r1A TO AITIKO nEPIBAl\AON 
1. IT6xo1 yaa Tq PslT(oaoq Tou aat1KoU wsp1PallovTot 
o a npwtapx' Ko I ot6xo a tnc; noA at 1 Ktic; Ka 1 tnc; 61 ax£ l p 'one; nou acpopouv to 
OOTlK6 nep&PaAAov e{Yal n 6nµ1oupy{a, ft avanAaon KWµon6A£WY Kal 1t6A£WV µe 
tp6no va napouo l aZ:ouv 1t£P l PaHovt l K6 £V6 l acptpov y la touc; Kato ( Kouc; touc; 
Ka9wc; Ka 1 n µ£I won tnc; ouµPoMc; tnc; n6Anc; otn vev' Kti punavon. o ot6xoc; 
aut6c;, 6oo Kat av cpa(VETal OUT01TlK6c;, avta1tOKp[V£Tal OTlc; onµep1vtc; 
avnoux(sc; Kai ot1c; aup1avtc; su8uvec;. 
Itnv avaAuon 'ltOU tyave OTO nponyouµsvo K£cpaAalO, ta 1tPOPAf)µata TOU 
aot1Kou nep&PaAAovtoc; ano6{6ovtaa, Kuplwc;, os 6uo A6youc;. 
0 'ltpwtoc;, £1Val n ave~tA£VKT'1 nlson 'ltOU aoK£(tal OTO 1t£PlPaAAov an6 'ltOAAtc; 
6paotnpa6tntsc; ouyK£Vtpwµtvec; Otte; n6A£tc;. 
o 6eutepoc;-ouoxet 1 oµtvoc; A6voc;, £ ( va 1 n eown:p 1 Kr't opyavwon twv aot' Kwv 
nepaoxwv. Kata tac; teAsutalsc; 6sKastlsc;, n cpaAooocp{a tou oxe6aaoµou Kat oa 
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noAAtc; cpoptc;, oe tva oxe66v KA av a K6 61 axwp a oµ6 twv xpnoswv tnt.:: vtic;. o 
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trAn9uoµwv Ka a , Kata ouvtne 1 a, t1w e~aptnori touc; an6 µnxavoK [ vnta µtoa 
vevtKa Kat ea6aK6tepa an6 a6awtaKa µtoa µstacpopac;. 
To ysyov6c; aut6, µ£ tn 0£lPO TOV, ouvttA£0£ OTl"IV avantu~n OIKlOTlKWV 
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Auoµsvn anoteAtoµata y&a OVYK£Kp1µtvec; nsp1oxtc; µtoa Otte; n6As1c;: 
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va y ( vouv n£p a oxtc; uno6oxr'tc; xpr\oewv yr\c; o a ono l ec; KP l vovta a 
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EntnAtov, n punavon autti £~anAwvetal Otnv unaa9po Kal OTO Y£VlK6t£PO 
nepapaAAov. E~attlac; tnc; ouyKtvtpwonc; touc;, oa n6Asac; ouµPaAAouv onµavtaKa 
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KQTQOK£Uti u,nA6t£PWV Kanvo66xwv. 
H aulav6µsvn avnouxla yta to neptPaAAov yevaKa Kat yta to aot1K6 nep1PaAAOV 
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'ooo 6µwc; au~avea n ouvea6ntonolnon twv npoPAnµatwv, t6oo oa noAltec; 
enaZ:ntouv 6xa anAa tnv np6An~n tnc; nepaattpw unoPaBµaonc; aAAa tnv 
npayµat1Kr't PEAtlwon tnc; noa6tntac; tou nepapaAAovtoc;. 
H fb~'!l~ u l~ u (1J 1'.'i:l'B!O u' t\UX ~ ~~ Ka A awornx ( £t; TOU nap£U6vtoc; nap£xe l XPnO l µec; 
KQT£U8uvtnpl£«; ypaµµtc; y1a Tll µeAAOVTlKft 6paOll. H avaAUOll TWV npoona8£lWV 
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npoPAnµaTwv Tou aoT1Kou nepaPaAAovtoc; anoKaAuntea 6tl npootKpouoav oe 
onµavT 1 Ka eµn661 a ta ono (a £ ( va 1 6uvat6v va avt 1µetwn1 oTouv oto nAa ( o' o 
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2. AvaaTalT&Kol wap6yovTsc y&a ~&a awoTslso~aT&K~ wspaPallovTlK~ 6aaxslpaon 
H avT(An~ll. 6Tl n anoTeAeoµaT1Kn 61axelp1011 Tou nep1PaAAovTo~ ana1Te( Tnv 
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oxe61 aoµou, Tile; xpnµato66tnollc; Ka l tnc; £c,apµovnc; -aKp' Pwc; t:~a 1 ti ac; Tnc; 
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6oµtc; nou ea µetaoxnµatloouv autnv tnv avtlAn~n oe npa~n. 
(I) IUVTOVl0µ6c; 
Aut6 elvaa ouoaaotaKa tva 8eoµaK6 np613Anµa 11ou e1116pa oe 6Aa Ta en(ne6a tnc; 
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npo13AnµaTwv. 
ae6oµtvnc;, 6µwc;, tile; noAunAoKoTntac; twv aot1Kwv ouot111Jatwv, 01 an6~e1c; nou 
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en a nTwoe' c; Touc; oTo nep a PaHov, o a anoc,aoe a c; nou ac,opouv Tac; 611µ60 a ec; 
OUVKOlVWVl£c;, aC,£V6c;, Kal TllV 06onoata, aC,£Ttpou, Onav1a evowµatWVOYtal 0£ 
µ1a evlala Ka1 nAnpn 0Tpat11y1Kn yaa T1c; µeTac,optc;. 
(II) n6pol 
Evw Ol n£plOPlOIJO( TOU npoUnoAOYlOIJOU avaµc,(PoAa 1f£PlOttAAouv noAAa 
nep, paHovT 'Ka npoypaµµaTa, evTouTo a c; £ (val 6uvaT6v va •PoKu~ouv euvo'(dc; 
y1a To nep1paAAov Auoeac; µe tnv anoteAeoµaTlK6tepn xpnon twv uc,aotaµtvwv 
n6pwv. 
-33 -
(Ill) nAnpo,oplec; 
'Oltwc; ava,tp8nKe nponvouµtvwc;, n tAA£t~n aKptPwv Kat AOYtKwc; aK6Aouewv 
ototxe:lwv yta noHouc; neptPaHovttKouc; napayovtec; AE:atoupyel avaotaAttKa 
yta tnY avantu~n npoypaµµatoc;. Elvat 6uoKoAo va teeouv aYttKetµevtKol 
ot6xot yta PeAtlwon xwplc; Ya unapxet oa,nc; avtlAn~n tou eupouc; ev6c; 
ouyK£Kptµtvou npoPAnµatoc;. Kata ta teAeutala xp6vta, oa evtov6tepec; 
npoona8etec; nou KataPAn8nKav otov toµta tnc; napaKoAouenonc; tou 
nep t PaHoYtoc;, µa~ ( µe trw n (eon nou aoKnoe to Ko' v6 en t 6 t WKOYtac; tnv 
np6oPaon ota ototxela nou elxav ouyKevtpw8el, elxe we; anottAeoµa Ya ~ntneel 
Ya 6o8e( µeyaAutepn npotepat6tnta ota npoypaµµata PeAtlwonc;. 
Clv) T£XYtKtc; yYwoetc; 
Me tnv au~non tou ev6 t a,tpovtoc; v ta ta etµata nou a'opouv to nep t PaHoY 
6nµtoupyn8nK£ µla ouvaK6Aouen avantu~n neptPaAAovttKwv texvaKwv Kat 
uxvoAoy t wv. To yeyov6c; aut6 ant6woe Mn Kapnouc; oe noHouc; toµe ( c; 6oov 
a,opa toY tAevxo tou 8opuPou Kat tnc; punaYonc; nou ea ouµnAnpweouv 
npoo6euttKa Kata ta en6µeva xp6vta. Ot enttuxlec; audc; unoypaµµtoav tn 
onµao(a tnc; 0UV£Xt~6µevnc; tpeuvac; Kat avantu~nc; 0£ etµata neptPaAAovttKnc; 
TEXYOAoy(ac;. 
cv> Meta8eon npoPAnµatoc; 
Mla an6 ttc; a6uvaµlec; tnc; tptxouoac; toµeaKnc; npootyytonc; e(Yat 6tt n Avon 
ev6c; npoPAnµatoc; ouxva anoteAel tn yeveotoupy6 attla ev6c; aAAou. Me aut6v 
toY tp6no, n KataoKeun vtwv 6p6µwv oe aottKec; neptoxtc; yta anoouµ,6pnon tnc; 
KUKAo,oplac; ev6txetaa va au~noea tnv Klvnon Kat, Kata ouvtneta, tn punavon. 
nptnet, Aotn6v, va 6o9el npoooxn Otte; 6uvnttKtc; 6eutepeuouoec; entntwoetc; 
TWV AUOEWY. Ta 11AEKTPOKlvnta autOK,Vl"lta ea e(vat n£pt006tepo ae6pupa Kat ea 
npoKaAouY Aty6tepn aµeon punavon an' 6,tt ta ouµPattKa autoKlvnta, 
evtoutotc; ea ouvexl~et va unapxet to np6PAnµa tac; punavonc; an6 to co2 nou 
npoKunte' Kata tnv napaywvn nhKtp t Knc; £Y£PY£ lac; µe tnv Kauon opuKtwv 
Kauo(µwv. To µeyaAUTEPO µtpoc; tnc; nAEKTPtKnc; £V£pye(ac; OTl"IV Eupwnn, 
napayetat µe aut6v tov tp6no evw n Kataotaon 6ev ,alvetat va aAAa~ea Oto 
aµ&OO µtHov. 
(VI) BEAt(won TOU neptPaAAovtoc; Kata tnc; OlKOVOµtKnc; Avantu~nc; 
InµavttK6c; avaoxettK6c; napayovtac; noAAwv µttpwv y1a tn PeAtlwon tou 
nep l PaHovtoc; unnp~e ., avnoux (a y la Tl c; Ent ntwoe t c; touc; otnv 0 l Kovoµ l Kn 
avantu~n. ~ev £KnAnooe t TO yeyov6c; 6t 1 o 1 Kovoµ l ec;, nou avt 1µuci>n1 oav ta 
teAeutala xp6vta u~nA6 nAn9wptoµ6 Kat avepy(a, 6tota~ouv Ya entPapuvouv tn 
Ptoµnxav(a Kat touc; KatavaXwttc; µe auotnp6tepa np6tuna yta to neptPaAAov. 
Evtoutotc;, autn n ouyKpouon µeta~u neptPaAAovtoc; Kat 01Kovoµlac; elvat 
avun6otatn 6e6oµtvou 6tt µaKponp69eoµa n npootaoia twv neptPaAAOVttKwv 
n6pwv anoteAe( Pao1Kn npoUn6eeon yaa AeAoytoµtvn 01KovoµtKn avantu~n. nou 
µnope( an6 µ6vn tnc; va ouµPaAAea otn PeAtlwon tou neptPaAAovtoc;. 
Bpaxunp69eoµa, n avenap1<e' a twv onµep 1 vwv noA 1t1 Kwv Ka' voµo9eo 1 wv e ( va 1 
tttota WOT£ ., OtKOVOµlKO avantu~n ,a(vetat va o6nye( 0£ au~non tnc; punavonc; 
anoPalvovtac; naeotaKn yaa to neptPaAAov. H avaAuon twv Katapt1~6µevwv 
µeAAovttKwv µovttAwv avantu~nc; otnv Kotv6tnta anoKaAuntet 6tt ev6txeta1 va 
611µ1oupy118ouv ooPapa nep1PaAAOvt11<a npoOAnµata 16lwc; 6oov a'opa tac; 
µeta,optc;, tnv evtpye 1 a Ka 1 ta an6PAnta. rt a va e~ou6eu:pweouv auttc; o, 
ouvtnetec; anattouvtat neptoo6tepa eettKa µttpa 6xt µ6vo yta tnv npootao(a 
tou nepaPaAAovtoc; aAAa Kat yta tn 6aao,aXton tnc; 6tatnpnonc; tou o,txouc; an6 
aurnv tnv avantu~n. H OlKOVOµIKO OAOKAOPWOl"I naptxet OUYK£Kptµtvec; EUKatp(ac; 
yaa PeAtlwon tou nep1PaAAovtoc; oe oA6KAl"IPl"I tnv Ko1v6tnta. 
~~~,~~tru u ~~ ~w~ tk~ ~~µ~~~iK~t£P£C 6ooxtp£&£~ yaa tnv s~e6pson Tnt 
~~oppo~~~~ µ~tQ~U nspap6AAOVTOt Kai OIKOVOµIKO<: avattTu£nt a,opa Tnv XPOV&Kfl 
KA(µaKa. H tptxouoa 61axelp1on tou nepapaAAovTot avTattoKp(veTa1 nepaoo6Tepo 
an' 6,Ta nptnea oe Ppaxunp68eoµe<: Kploeat napa oe µaKpun68eoµo oxe61aoµ6. 
H Paon auTn<: TO<: 61aµaxo<:. avT06To1t, f3ploKeTa1 oTo yeyov6t 6T1 n eAe68spn 
01Kovoµ(a, av Kai 1Kavn, 6ev "enwµloTnKe" To nep1f3aAAovT1K6 K6oTot. 01 
EPEUVEt wou npayµaTono1n8nKaV an6 TOV OOIA, µ£Ta£6 aAAwv, txouv n6o ttAOPWt 
TEKµop1fi»oe1 auT6 To K6oTot, To onolo, 6µwt, 6ev elxe aK6µa ooµavTadt 
EttlttTWOElt OTn 6nµoo1ovoµ1Kn ttOAITIKfl. 
nap6Aa auTa, 01 sna Aovtt Tou KaTavaAwTn Kai Tou napaywyo6 µnopo6v va 
xe1paywvneouv µtow 01Kovoµ1Kwv Kai 'op0Aoy1Kwv µ£Tpwv f3ao1~6µsvwv OTlt 
6uvaµe 1 <: Tn<: ayopat. Av Ka 1 auTn n noA 1T1 KO en 1 Aovn apx I ~e 1 µ6A 1 t va 
epeuvaTa1, 61a8tTe1 a~1oooµelwTo 6uvaµ1K6 w<: µtoo ouµPoAnt y1a TO 
ouµf3aT6TnTa µsTa~6 nep1f3aAAovTot Kai 01Kovoµ1Kn<: avanTu~o<:. 
3. Kateu8uvt~Pl£( apxtt yaa tn Psltlta0n tou aotaK<>U wepaPallovtot 
An6 autn TOV napaBeoo oKt~ewv npoK6ttTouv op1oµtva etµaTa wt KaTeueuvTflp1et 
apxtt via tov Ko1voT1Kn 6paoo, nou anoPAtne:1 OTO PeATlwoo Tou aoT1Kou 
ne:p1f3aUovTo<;. 
(I) IuvTov10µ6t- OAoKAnpwoo 
H noAunAoK6Tota Ka1 o aAAoAe:~apTooo Twv aoT1Kwv npof3AnµaTwv ana1Touv 
TsAe16TEPO oAoKAflpwoo OTO An~o ano,aoewv 6oov o,opa TOV noA1T1Kn Kai Tit 
EttEV6UOEI<; OXETIKQ µe TOV OIKOVOµ&Kn avanTu~n. TOV KOIVWVIKO ttOAlTIKn (TOV 
e:vloxuon Tn<: KOIVWVIKO<: Kai OIKOV0µ1Kn<: ouvoxnt> Tit µEta,optc; Kai TO 
nep1PaUov. 
Cll) Eueuvn 
H avaAn~n TO<: eu86voc;, yaa Tit ouvtne1et Twv 6pacnop10TnTwv µac; oe Kaee 
enlne6o -Tou aT6µou, TO<: ua1p(ac; Ka1 Tn<: 60µ601at 610IKOOO<:- awoTeh( 
ooµavT1Kn npoUn6Beoo y1a TO PeATlwon Tou nep1f3aAAovTo<;. To yeyov6c; auT6, µe 
TO OEIPQ TOU, npoUnoetTEI Tnv KaTav6ooo Kai TO yvwoo aUTWV TWV OUVEttEIWV, 
ttOU OUXVO 6£V UttQPXEI. napa TO 6TI O nAopo,opnµtvo EttlAoyn an6 µ6vo Tn<: 6ev 
ea en1Auoe1 Ta npof3AflµaTa µat, elva1 npo,avtt 0T1 ea ouµf3aAAe:1 npoc; auTnv 
TOY KaTeueuvoo. 
r1a TOV n6Ao auTn KaeauTn, elvaa low<; xpno1µ0 va npoTaeel oav oT6xoc; o µn 
punalvouoa n6An, n onola avaAaµf3ave1 Tnv eueuvn Tnt np6An~n<: Tn<: p6navonc; 
Tn<: unal8pou nou Tnv nep1f3aHe1. 'Eva oxET1K6 napa6e1yµa elva1 To oxt610 
"Seine Propre", µe To ono(o To nap(oa anof3Atne1 oTnv ene£epyaola Tou 100% 
TWV AuµaTWV nou EKXEOYTal OTOV ttOTaµ6 InKouava. 
(Ill) AeAoy1oµtvo avattTU~O 
0 I µa1<pon68eoµo I OT6xo I y I a TO ttEP I PaUov Ka TO hAoy I oµtvn 0 l KOYOµ I Kn 
avanTu~o nptnea va ylvouv ano6£KTol napaAAoAa µe To oT6xo y1a TOV no16T0Ta 
Tou nep1f3aAAovTo<; f3paxunp68eoµa. H nayK60µ1a En1Tponn via To nep1f3aAAov Kai 
Tnv AvanTu~o, oTnv tKeeon Tn<: Tou 1987, yvwoTn we; tK8eon Brundt 1 and, 
napouolaoe we; onµavT1Kn apxn Tn 11A£Aoy1oµtvn avanTu~n": 6T1, 6nAa6n, n 
xpnon Twv n6pwv Ka1 Tou nep1f3aAAovTo<; 6ev ea nptne1 va µe1wve1 TO 6uvaµ1K6 
Touc; y1a Tit en6µevet yevetc;. 01 enanTwoeat auTnt Tnt apxflt oTn 61axelpaon 
Tou aoTaKo6 nep1f3aAAovTo<: nptne1 va 6aspeuvn8ouv AenToµepwc;. 
-35 -
(IV) Apxn tnc; £1tlKOUPlK6Tntac; 
H apxn autn e,apµ6tetat et6tKa 0£ 6paoetc; tnc; EupwnalKnc; Kotv6tntac;. 
Ka8op ( ~OVTac; tnv Katavoµn TWV £U8UVWV µ£Ta~U TWV 6 l a,6pwv KUf3£PVnT l KWV 
entnt6wv, ava8tt£l tvav p6Ao otnv Koav6tnta 6tav ot ot6xot tnc; noAlTtKnc; 
µnope( va entt£uxeouv KaAAltepa Evepywvtac; OE £upwna1K6 snlne6o. To nAnpsc; 
KElµEvo tnc; ruv9nKnc; nou KaAuntst tn ouµµEtoxn tnc; Kotv6tntac; 0£ 
1t£Plf30AAOVTlKa 8tµata 6(6£Tal OTO npooaptnµa 1. 
'OOov acpopa TO aOtlK6 1TEPlf3aAAOV, TO un6f3a8po yta KOlVOTtKn 6paon UltaPXEl: 
Ca) Itac; 6t£8vslc; snantwoeac; tnc; punavonc; nou npotpxstal an6 aotaKtc; 
nsp l oxtc;. noAAt<; an6 Ta<: 6paotnP a 6tnuc; nou 6nµ a oupyouv npof3Aflµata OTl c; 
aottKtc; nepaoxtc; ouµf3aAAouv Kaa otn 6aaµs9opaaKn punavon tou atpa Kat Twv 
u6atwv, Ka9wc; Kat os nsp1f3aAAovt1Ka npof3AnµaTa nayK6oµtac; KAlµaKac; 6nwc; n 
Y£VlKn avo6o<; tnc; 8spµoKpao(a<;. 
(fl) Itnv oµotoµop,(a TWV npof3AnµaTWV TOU aOTlKOU 1T£Plf3aAAOVTOc;. To ysyov6c; 
aut6 sv1oxu£1 tnv 16£a tnc; ouvepyaolac; µEta~u Kpatwv-µsAwv yaa tnv 
avatntnon Auoswv. 
<v> Itnv avayvwpaon tnc; supwnalKnc; 6aaotaonc; tnc; aotopaKnc; Kat noAataottKnc; 
KAnpovoµaac; twv n6Aswv Kat Kwµon6Aewv µac;. 
(6) Itnv avayKaa6tnta tnc; s~ttaonc; Twv na9avwv e:nantwoe:wv oto nepaf3aAAov, 
Kat £161K6tepa otac; aotadc; nspaoxtc;, Tnc; KoavotaKnc; noA1T1Knc; os 6Aouc; 
touc; toµe(c;. 
Tnv KUpl6T£Pn eu9uvn yaa tn f3£Atlwon TOU aOTlKOU 1T£Ptl3aAAOVTOc; ,tpouv Ol 
6nµot1Ktc; apxtc; Kat 01 sevaKtc; Kuf3epvnosac; tou naptxouv to voµo9etaK6 Kaa 
01Kovoµ1K6 nAa(oao µtoa oto ono(o Aeatoupyouv 01 n6Aeac;. 
H Koav6tnta £1Tt6pa n6n onµavttKa Otte; aOTlKE(; nspaox£c; µ£ow TWV 6aa,6pwv 
noAataKwv Kat 6paoewv tnc;. Ta Kupaa µtoa KoavotaKnc; 6paonc; nspaypa,ovtaa 
otn ouvtxeaa, 6nou ava,tpetaa µe 11016 tp6no xpnoaµonoaouvtaa ta µtoa auta 
yaa va ouµf3aAouv otn f3sAtlwon tou aotaKou nepaf3aAAovtoc;. An6 tnv s~ttaon 
twv tp6nwv µs touc; ono(ouc; n Koav6tnTa µnope( va 61£upuvs1 Tac; 
6paotnp16tnttc; tnc; OTO ne:6(o aut6, 1TPOKU1TTSl 6Tl 6aa9tt£l we; KUPlOUc; TOµe(c; 
6paonc; touc; E~nc;. 
(I) Noµo9sola 
H Koav6tnta avtAaf3e: onµavtaK6 p6Ao oTn 61axe:lp1on tou nspaf3aAAovToc; 
Ka9opltovtac; noaotaKouc; ot6xouc; Kat np6tuna sKnoµnnc; yaa opaoµtvouc; 
nep1f3aAAovt1Kouc; napayovtec; -s161K6tepa yaa tn punavon tou atpa Kat twv 
u6aTwv Ka9wc; Kaa tnv nxopunavon. napaAAnAa µs tnv T£A£aonolnon tnc; 
n£p a PaHovt a Knc; uxvoAoy I ac;, ta np6Tuna sKnoµnnc; nptns a va avaeewpouvta a 
ouvsxwc; wots va su9uypaµµltovtaa µs tnv s,apµovn tnc; PtAttotnc; 61ae£01µnc; 
TEXVOAOy(ac;. H onµao(a OUTOU TOU p6AOU £VlOXU9nK£ µs tnv tyKpaon 1TPOTU1TWV 
OTO nAaloao tnc; Evaa(ac; Ayopac;. 
H KoavotaKn voµo9so(a n ono(a anaats( 01 KataAUTtKtc; e~atµlosac; nou 
µs a wvouv a a o8nta tac; £Knoµdc; punwv, 6nwc; to N02, va e:'apµooTouv 0£ 6Aa 
ta vta autoK I vnta nou ea nwAouvta a otnv Ko a v6tnta an6 to 1993, anoT£A£ i 
KaA6 napa6e a yµa voµo9so ( ac; ouµ13aHouoac; otn f3e:h (won tou aot a Kou 
ne:p a f3aHovtoc;. 
lH \X(2Jli \:?.! li tswtiVJltu'f @ig@\J)J~@~l! 'W©~©9t;.;CJ~@I ~&; ~60~ 'i!'l~ ©W~~Cl (JUQIT~lTal 
~~« .. ,-o~~~~~ ~~ l o~6't\Jl\Qif'I tw~ rtn u wt~o£wv oto HP 1 PaAAov an6 orwavt 'Ka 
avantu~&aKa tpya, n onofa anoPAtnea oto va 6aaotaAaot£( 6ta oa ano,ao£ac;: 
Aaµpavovtaa µa nAnpn £nlvvwon twv n£papaAAovtaKwv cnantwocwv twv 6aat6pwv 
enaAovwv. 
Inµ£pa e~na~ua' n m 8av6tnta £ntKtaonc;: autnc;: tnc;: voµo8eo { ac;: wot£ va 
anaaultaa avaAuon autou tou el6ouc; vaa nc; noAaTldc;:, ta oxt6aa Kaa ta 
npoypaµµata. H analtnon autn ea P£Atawo£1 to ouvtov10µ6 twY ot6xwY µeta~u 
TWV 6aa,6pwy toµtwv Kal, Kata OUYEn£aa, ea KataAn~£l 0£ oxt61a Ka& 
noA IT l de; nou ea Aaµpavouv nep l oo6T£po un6q,n Tl c;: 6 l a'opec;: aYOYK£c;: TWY 
KatolKWV TWV n6A£WY. 
(II) IuotaO£lc;: Kat KaT£U8UYTOPl£c;: ypaµµtc;: 
Evw oe µepaKouc;: toµelc;: £lYaa aTono y&a TOY Ko1v6tnta va e£onlo£& Yoµo8£t&K6 
nAalo&o, £VTOUTOlc;: Ta KOlYa yvwp(oµaTa TWY npoPAnµaTWY fJ£Ta~u TWV KPQTWY 
µeAWY e(Yal TETOla WOT£ n Koav6tnta Ya ano(3£( 0 KaTaAAnAoc;: xwpoc;: yaa Tfl 
ou~ntnon Kat tnY aYanTU~fl KaT£U8UVTOPlWY ypaµµwy 6paonc;:. 
(Ill) 'Epeuva, en(6ea~n Ka& £Knal6euon 
H PeAtlwon twv µee66wv Kaa T£XV&KWV aotaKnc;: 6aaxslpaonc;: µnope( 6uvntaKa va 
wteAnoe1 to ouYoAo tnc;: Ko1Y6tntac;:. r1 'aut6 to A6yo, elYaa 0K6n1µ0 n 
KoaY6Tnta va ev9appuY£1 o&KovoµaKa auT6v TOY ne:1paµat10µ6 µte<1 oxe6(wv 
en(6ea~nc; Kai np6Tunwv oxe6lwY nou e(Yal 6uvaT6v va XPno1µeuoouv we; 
uno6e(yµata yaa £UpUT£Pfl e,apµoyf\. Ito (610 naYta nAa(oao, l'l KoaY6tnta 
µnopel Ya 61a6paµatlo£1 noAu xpno1µ0 p6Ao yvwotono1wvtac;: Tlc;: nAnpotopl£c; 
nou acpopouy Ta npaKT I Ka anoT£AeoµaTa 1tOU npoKunTOUY TaKT I Ka 0£ 6All TrtV 
KotY6Tnta. H Koav6tnta EX£l n6n £Y£pyonoan8£l µ'aut6Y TOY tp6no 0£ noAAouc;: 
toµelc;: Tile; aot1Knc;: 61axelp101lc;:. 
ITOY toµta tnc;: epeuYac;:, aYaµeoa Ota unapXOYTQ napa6e(yµaTa OUYQ<pWV 
KOlVOTlKWY npoypaµµaTWY &(Yal Kal TO np6ypaµµa DRIVE µe TO ono(o 
avantuooeta1 tva ouY£KttK6 'aoµa µtowY via TflY napoxn unnpeo1wv twv 
nAnpo,opawv yaa touc;: 61axe1p1ottc;: Kai touc;: xpnotec; tou ouotnµatoc;: aot1Kwv 
ouyK01vwv1wv. To np6ypaµµa ea npoocptpe1 Ta epyaAe(a via PeAT1wµtvo 
oxe6aaoµ6 Kat 6aaxelpaon tnc;: KUKAo,oplac;, Ka8wc; Kat yaa TOY thvxo Tnc;: 
KuKAo,op1aKnc; ouµcp6paonc;:, tnc; punaYOllc; Kat tou 8opupou Kaa yaa TllY 
anoteAeoµaT1Kn XPOOll Twv 6nµoolwv µeTacpopwY Kat TWY xwpwy oTa9µeuonc;:. 
'EpeuYec; npayµaTono1ouvTa1 enlollc;: y1a Tic;: ouvtne1ec;: Tile; aTµoocpa1p1Knc;: 
punavonc; OTll 6oµn TWY l OTOP l KWY KT l p (WV. H Kol v6TnTa unooTnP ( Z';e l oi'wepa 
np6tuna oxt61a oe toµeic;: nou µnopouY va ouµPaAouv Otll PeAtlwon tou aot1Kou 
neptPaAAovtoc;. l61alT£Pllc;: Ollµaolac;: elva1 ta npoypaµµata aot1Knc;: avanAaonc;: 
oto Aov61Yo Kat Tll MaooaAla, 6nwc; Kat TO 6(Ktuo 12 n6AewY nou 
unootnplZ';oYTaa otnv npoonae£aa touc;: yaa aYanTu~n tou oxc6aaoµou 6aax£lpaonc; 
Tilt eYtpyeaac;: ot1c; n6Ae1c;:. 
Clv) XpnµaTo6otaKn Ponee1a 
H Ko1Y6T1lta xpnµaT060t£1 n6n onµaYTIKtc;: £n£Y6uos1c;: 0£ aOTIKtc;: nep1oxtc;: µtow 
TWY 6aap8pWTlKWY Taµe{wv, 16{wc; TO nepl<p£p£taK6 Taµe{o, fJ£ 6aV£1060T00£1<; 
an6 tnv EupwnaiKn Tpane~a Enev6uoewY, 6ave1060Tnoeac;: Kaa enaxopnvnosac;: an6 
TllV EKAX Kal an6 aAAa XPlltJato6otlKa µtoa. 
Op a oµtvec;: an6 auttc;: T 1 c;: ensvc5uos 1 c;: ennpsa~ouv aµsoa ft tµµeoa to aoT 'K6 
nepapaAAov, neptAaµPavoµtvwv TWV aµeowv 1t£PlPaAAOYTlKWV PeATlW0£WV nou 
OUXVO 9ewpe(Tal 6Tl anot£AOUY npoUn68eon OlKOYOµlK~t QVQ1TTU~~c;:. 
-37 -
H µetappu8~uon twv 6tap8pwtaKwv taµe(wv Kata to 1988 touc; npoa£6woe vta 
6' aotaon 6aov acpopa Tl"I ouµµnoxn touc; oe aot t dc; HP' oxtc;. Ito nAa lo' o 
autftC: TflC µnappu8µtOl'lC TOV(OTllK£ ll avayKll Va OUVKEVTpW90UY Ol n6pot 0£ 
Ka9opaoµtvsc; nspaoxtc; npot£pat6tntac; Kat va ouvTovtoTouv oa svtpyeasc; Twv 
6taq>6pwv taµalwv. 
Oa aaTftoeac; yta otnP•~l'l unoPaAAovTat oto nAaloao ev6c; oxe6(ou nepaq>epetaKftc; 
avantu~nc; oto onolo n Koav6tnTa napexet tn xpnµato6ottKft tnc; otftP•~n µ£ow 
ev6c; KOtvotaKou nAaao(ou oTnP•~nc;. Kupt6Tepec; nepaoxtc; npoTepaa6TnTac; yaa 
Tnv nepaq>epaaaKn avantu~n nou acpopouv aoTtKec; nepaoxtc; elvat: 
nep 'oxtc; ot6xou 1: nep t oxtc; nou napouo' a~ouv avantu~ a aKn Ka8uottp11on 
cn.x. µe Kata Keq>aAn AEn Katw ft nA11olov Tou 75% tou µtoou 6pou tnc;: 
Koav6tnTac;). 
nepaoxtc; ot6xou 2: nepaoxtc;: napaKµftc;: tnc; Paoµnxavlac;. 
Oa nepaoxtc;: ot6xou 1 nepaAaµPavouv noAAtc; µeyaAec; n6Aeac;: Kat aottKtc;: 
nepaoxtc;: 6nwc; 11 A8ftva, to MntAcpaot, to ~ouPAlvo, 11 NanoAn Kat 11 AaooaPwva. 
H Enatponn ennptaoe tnv enaAovn 6paoewv ota KoavottKa nAaloaa Itftpa~nc;: yaa 
t' c; nep 'oxtc; ot6xou 1. o a nep 'oxtc; auttc; ouxva 6ev txouv uno6oµtc;: 6nwc;: 
01tOX£T£UT l K6 6 ( KTUO ft £VKataOtaO£ t c; pt oAoy l KOU Kaeap l oµou, ft KataAA11A£c; 
6nµ6o t ec; µuacpoptc;, 11 tHs '"'" twv ono l wv txe t apvnt a de; ouvtne t sc; OTO 
neptPaAAov. Ot 6paoeac; auttc; µtow Twv K.n.I. oxs6ta~ovTat yta va 
PeAtaw8ouv ot otKovoµaKtc; 6uvaT6Tnttc; touc;, AaµPavoµtvou Taut6xpova un6"1n 
tou nepaPaAAovtoc;. 
napa6e ( yµata 6paoewv v ta n6Ae t c;: nou ea txouv e' 6 t Ka nep t PaHovt t Ka ocpHn 
e(vaa: 
to µnp6 otnv Aenva nou ea ouµpaHe a va µet wee l n s~aptnon an6 ta 
autoKlvnta Kat 1l ouvexftc;: atµooq>atptKO punavon tnc;: n6Anc;:, 
Itn Aaooapwva, PaO£l TOU npoypaµµatoc; "Lisboa Norte", unapxouv npotaoetc; 
yaa unov6µouc; Kat anoxstsuTtKa tpya. I'aut6 neptAaµpavetat n KataoKeun 
sv6c; "avaxa a Ta OT t Kou" unov6µou, ev6c; ota8µou sne~epyao lac;: Auµatwv Kat 
sv6c; ota8µou Pt oAoy t Kou Kaeap t oµou y ta Ta u6ata nou npotpxovta a an6 
PaoµnxavtKtc; nepaoxtc;, 
-otn NanoAn, n 1tPOT£paa6tnTa 66e11K£ OT'l ouv6eon TOU Q1tOX£T£UTlKOU 
ouotftµatoc; µs touc; ota8µouc; sne~epyaolac; Auµatwv Kat otnv KataoKeuft ev6c;: 
vtou ota8µou P10Aoy1Kou Ka8aptoµou Kat ene~epyaof ac; Auµatwv. 
'OAec; o' nep 'oxtc; ot6xou 2 xapaKtnp ( ~ovta' an6 tnv napaKµI\ napa6oo' aKwv 
p 'oµnxav 'wv nou KAnpo66tnoe oe audc; eyKataA£A£' µµtvn vn Ka' µoAuoµtva 
£60q»f'I, Ka I y I a TO A6yo aut6 £ f va I KOT' £~ox riv aoT I de; 1t£P I oxtc;. Bao l Kr'I 
1tPOT£pat6Tnta OTO K.n.I. Vla Ttc; 1t£PlOXEc; OT6XOU 2 e(vat 11 avaKT'1011 KQl 11 
avanAaon npwnv PtoµnxavtKWV £VKQTQOTaO£WV. Enfo11c;, aAAec; 6paoetc; 
aoxoAouvtat µs Tll 61aeeo11 anoPAritwv, to PtoAoytK6 Ka8apaoµ6, tnv 
£1t£~£pyaof a AuµaTWY KOi Tl"IY aTµooq»atptKI\ punavon. YnoAoyf~£TOI 6Tl onµepa 
to 20% tnc; xpnµato66tnonc; tpywv Otte;: nsptoxtc;: auttc;: ouv6£etat µe etµata nou 
txouv st 61 K6 nep t PaHovt t K6 6cpeAoc;. O t 6paoe t c; v ta to nsp t PaHov 
ouv6£ovtal µs aAAec; 1tOU npoypaµµat(~OYTQl yta Tfl 611µtoupy(a 8EOEWV Epyao(ac; 
Kat vtwv euKa1p1wv. Optoµtva napa6sf yµaTa snaKef µsvwv tuncKwv 6paoewv 
sf vat ta s~nc;: 
"~~~l0V© [;'s@U 'dt(@(,9.l©Jd ~Q,IJ~~ouA'Y ~ ~aaw~ 1(0! ~ ;.vhpa -nou ou~6tovta l £ t 61 Ka I.IE tn ~a~~~~~ Kat avaKuKAwon P1oµnxav1Kwv anoPAnTwv CH.B, lanwv(a Kat 
Bptµn). 
Eµµovt'l oTnv anocpn 6T 1 nphE a va anoq»Euyna a , 6nou E ( va a 6uvaT6v, n 
PaoµnxavtKt'l avanTU~l'l OE "nEpaoxtc; npao(vou". Ta K.n.I. tov(~ouv Tnv 
avayKaa6tnTa snavaxpnoaµonolnont Tnt t'l611 EYKaTaAsAsaµµtvnc; vnt (H.B. Kat 
BEpoA (VO). 
'Eµcpaon otnv avanTu~n Twv ouoTnµaTwv 6nµoolwv µstacpopwv napa otat 
6anav£t yaa vtst o6aKtt uno6oµtc; (H.B.). 
MtTpa yaa Tlt "Ka9aptt TEXYoAoylet" oto nAa(oao twv npoTepaaotntwv 
tpsuvat KOl avantu~nt (HB) KOl EVlOXUOElt EUEV6UOEWV npoc; Tlt MME yaa I.In 
puna(VOUOEt EYKOTOOTQOElt napaywvnt (BEpoA(vo). 
IuvoAtKa, nEp(nou TO 40X TWY onµavttK6TEPWV n6AEWV Tnt Koav6T11tac; 
KaAuntovtat an6 Ttt evtpyEtEt nou avaAaµpavovtat Ottt n&paoxtt Twv ot6xwv 1 
Kat 2. Ae6oµtvou 6T a noHa an6 Ta npoPAf\µaTa nou txouv oxton µe Tnv 
avEpy(a Kat Tnv EnavEKna(6Euon Elvaa ouyKEVTpwµtva oTtt aoTaKtt nEpaoxtc;, 
EKE( OUYKEVTPWVETOl KOl n 6paon µtow TOU KOlYWVlKOU TaµE(ou. 
EKt6t an6 ta KotvotaKa nAalota ITnPt~nc;, ot KotvotaKtt npwToPouAIEt µnopouv 
va avtaµetwnloouv opaoµtva nEpaPaAAovttKa npoPAnµata Kat tauT6xpova va 
npow9noouv tnv OlKOVOIJtKn avantu~n. To np6ypaµµa RESIDER yaa UEPlOXEt 
xaAuPa n To np6ypaµµa RECHAR yaa nEpaoxtt av9paKwpuxElwv anotEAouv 
napa6Elyµata Et6aKwv npoypaµµatwv, ta onola Kat'apxnv anooKonouv otnv 
KatanoUµnon tnc; µEyaAnt avEpy I at nou npoKA"'9nKE an6 tnv napaKµfl twv EV 
A6yw Ptoµnxavtwv, napaAAnAa 6µwt EµnEpttxouv onµavtaKa ototxela nou 
ouv6tovtal I.IE Tl'l PEAtlwon TOU UEPlPaAAOYTOt Kat tnt ElK6vac; TWV 
OUYKEKPllJEVWV 1TEPlOXWV. M1a aAAn KOlVOTIKn npwtoPouA(a E(Val TO np6ypaµµa 
ENVIREG. ME paon to onolo xopnvouvtat 500 £Kat. ECU vaa to 6aaotnµa 1990-
1993 anoKAE1ot1Ka yaa 6paosac; nou acpopouv to nEp1PaAAov 01 ono(Ec; 
anoPAtnouv otn µElwon tnt punavonc; napaKttwv nep1oxwv, Kuplwt tnt 
MeooyElou, Kat otn 6taxElpaon EntKlv6uvwv Kat to~1Kwv PaoµnxavaKwv 
anoPAntwv oE nepaoxtt ot6xou 1. H npotEpa16tnta 6(6eta1 OE aotaKtt 
UEPIOXEt KQTW TWV 100.000 KOTO(KWV. 
BOOE l TOU ap9pou 10 TOU KOVOV l oµou Y la TO ETnA, IJUOPOUV Va 
ouvxpnµato6otn9ouv np6tuna oxt6aa Katvot6µou xapaKtnpa vaa aottKtt nEpaoxtc; 
KOl µnopouv va £1tl6£(~ouv 6uvat6Tl'lT£t yaa aAAEt n6A£l<;, 6nwt n.x. Ol 
np6TUU£t 6paO£lt yaa TO Aov6(vo KOl Tl'l MaooaA(a UOU apxaoav TO ~Eppouapao 
TOU 1990. 
To TaµE(o nEptq»EPEtaKnc; Avantu~nc; nep1op(~etat, nAnv sAaxlotwv s~a1p£0Ewv, 
ottt nEptoxtt tnc; Kotv6tntat nou 9ewpouvta1 µstoveKttdt an6 oaKovoµ1Kn 
anocpn, Ka a OE oxt6 a a, svT6t twv nEp t oxwv auTwv, nou ea o6nvnoouv oe 
OlKOVOIJlKfl avanTu~n. 
Ot nEpaoptoµo( auto( Eµno6(~ouv onµEpa Tl'lV Kotv6TnTa va ouµpaAEt µE 
nep t PaHovt a Ka µttpa oE aot t de; nep' oxtt nou 6ev KaAunTovta' an6 touc; 
ot6xou<; 1 Kat 2 Kat I.IE oxt61a ta ono(a Kp(vovtat 6Tt 6ev o6nvouv oe 
o t Kovoµ t Kn avanTu~n. Ecp6oov n Ko 1 v6tnta Ent 9uµE l va unootnp I ht 6paoE t c; 
y1a to nEPtPaAAov oe aottdc; nEptoxtt 6Anc; tnc; Kotv6tntac;, nphEt Kata 
ouvtneta va E~EtaOEl tn 6nµaoupy(a vtwv xpnµato6ottKWV 6lEUKOAUYOEWV. 
-39 -
npoc; To uap6v Ta xpnµaTo6oTtKa µtoa yaa e161Ka nepa(3allovTtKa oxt6aa e(vae 
nolu nepaopaoµtva. To np6ypaµµa MEDSPA CitpatnYtKn Kat rxt6ao Apaonc; yaa 
tnv npootaola tou nepa(3alAovtoc; otnv n£p1oxn Tnc; Meoovelou) elva1 n 
onµaYTlK6TEPl1 an6 Tl«; UWaPXOUOEc; npotaO&tc;. M£ tvav np0Unoloy10µ6 9 EKOT. 
ECU yaa TO 1990, TO np6ypaµµa aut6 ea npoo,tpea texvaKn Kat snayyelµaTtKn 
Pones a a µe Tnv £Kn6vnon oxe6 l wv y 'a tnv £1(£~epyao I a aoT a Kwv luµaTwv Ka' 
ano(3AnTWV 0£ µ1Kptc; KOtv6Tt'lT£c; KOTW TWV 100.000 KOTOlKWV OTll AEKavn tnc; 
Msoovelou. 
Cv> OtKovoµaKa Kat •opoloy1Ka µtTpa 
01 npoonttKtc; tnc; KoavotaKnc; 6paonc; vaa tnv ev9appuvon tnc; (3eltlwonc; Tou 
nep1(3allovToc; µtow 01Kovoµ1Kwv Kat ~opoloytKwv µetpwv nptnet aK6µa va 
6tepsuvn8ouv lenToµepwc;. Ta µtTpa auTou tou e(6ouc; ano(Jltnouv oTnv 
svowµaTwon Tnc; nep1(3allovt1Knc; no16r11Tac; oTo 01Kovoµ1K6 ouotnµa svspywvtac; 
otnv ayopa µs tp6nouc; nou sv9appuvouv Tac; 'al a de; npoc; to nep 1 (3aHov 
tsxvaKtc; napaywvnc; Kat ta •tltKa npoc; To nspa(3allov npol6vta. 
(Vi) A~tol6vnon tWV EWIWTWOEWV OTlc; aOTlKec; neptoxtc; 
H EntTponn KatapT(ts1 nol1t1Ktc; oe eupu ,aoµa Toµtwv nou sv6txeta1 va txouv 
ouvtnsasc; yaa To aoT1K6 nep1(3allov. Oa nol1T1Ktc; auttc; nptne1 va 
avaluovtat npoosKTtKa yaa va s~ao,al(~sraa n ano,uvn twv avTl~owv 
EltlWTWOEWV OTO n£pt(3allov. 
Ito npwro K£,alato rou nap6vToc; eyypa,ou evTonltovTaa ta Kvpaa npo(3lnµata 
TWV aottKWV WEPlOXWV Kai Ta a(tta touc;. Enlonc; EVTon(~ovTat 01 nep1op10µ0( 
twv Kata toµe ( c; u,' otaµevwv ltpoosvv l oewv v a a rnv en ( luon twv npo(3lnµatwv 
autwv. Ot np0Taoe1c; yaa µellovtaKtc; ypaµµtc; 6paoeac; e(vat loan6v onµavTtK6 
va npooavatol(~ovtaa nep1006tepo npoc; rnv 61anlotwon Twv a1Tlwv twv 
npo(3lnµatwv napa twv ouµntwµatwv touc;. Ito nap6v rµnµa £Kt(8evtat 01 
n 1 eavtc; luoe a c; twv 1fpol3lnµarwv Ka a µe (36011 auttc; npote ( vna a µ'a oe a pa 
ypaµµwv yaa KoavotaKn 6paon oto µtllov. oa ev l6vw npot6oe1c;, oa onolec; 
ouv6tovra1 µs 6paos1c; nou onµelwoav en1Tuxla oTnv Koav6Tnta, tnpouv t•W 
apxn nou 61£ne1 to p6lo Kat tnv apµo616tnta tnc; Kotv6tnta, ouµ~wva µe 6oa 
oplte1 n Iuv8nKn. 
'onwc; ava,tp8nKe OTO npwTo Tµftµa Tou nap6vToc; KE,alalou, 01 Kup101 0T6xo1, 
vaa µellovtaKn 6paon oxer1Kn µe rnv aval3a8µ1on rou nep1(3allovToc; oe 6la Ta 
en(ne6a, sµnlnTouv oe 6uo npwteuovra ne6(a: 
noltttKtc; nou txouv oxton µe Tnv ul1Kn opyavwon Tnc; n6Anc;, 16lwc; 6oov a,opa 
Tl'lY noho6oµ(a, 
Tic; aOTlKec; OUYKOlVWV(ec;, 
Tnv npooTaola Kat npo(3oln Tnc; 1otop1Knc; Klnpovoµaac;, 
Tl'lV npootao(a Kat npo(3oln TWV 'UOlKWV U£PlOXWV µtoa Otte; n6le1c;, 
noltTlKtc; nou OKon6 txouv Tl'lV µelwon TWV £WlUTW0£WV TWV aOTlKWV 
6paOTl1PlOTnTwV OTO n£plP6Alov. 
Tnv aOTlKO (Jaoµnxavla, 
tn 61axelp1on tnc; evtpyela~ Otlc; aoTlKtc; neptoxt~. 
tn 6aaxe(paon twv aottKwv anoPAnTwv. 
tn 6aaxelpaon Twv u66twv. 
-40 -
[uv@G @~~~V~fi~6 ~wlon~ oa avawtu~aaKt~ woltT&Ktr; otov Toµta aut6 va 
~~@~to~VrnQ @~ 0?80 Kai OUYKPITlKQ 6£6oµtva yaa tnv Kataotaon TOU aOTlKOU 
nepaPaAAovtor;. Ana1t£lta1 Aoan6v e~ttaon twv avayKwv yaa nAnpof6pnon Ka9wt 
Kai TOU tp6nou µ£ TOY ono(o Ol £V A6yw avayK£C 8a lKavonoan9ouv. 
EKT6r; an6 auta ta Kupaa Kaa npwteuovta n£6la, s(vaa 0K6n1µ0 n Ko1v6t11Ta va 
Pon8nos1 µ1a oe1pa npwtoPouA1wv oe ton1K6 Kai nsp1fepe1aK6 enlns6o, 1Kavwv 
va ouµPaAouv OTl'l Pehl won tou nep 1 PaAAovtor; Ka 1 tnc no 16tntac ~wr'lr; ot1 c 
aoTaKtc nep1oxtc. npwtoPouAlec tou el6ouc autou nepaAaµpavouv: 
Tl'lV nA11pofl6pfl01l, 
tnv Ko1vwv1Kn 6paon, 
Tl'lV 61anep1feps1aKn ouvepyaola. 
5.1. noAeo6oµ(a 
Ev8appuvon tnC nOlKlA(ar; KQI anotuvn tnC ataKtnC 66µnonr;. 
01 noA1t1Ktc twv nepaoµtvwv 6eKaet1wv 6oov atopa tnv auotnPn 61aKp1on oe 
~wvec nou o6nvnoav oto 61axwp10µ6 twv xpnoewv vnc Kaa tnv snaK6Aouen 
avantu~n £KT£Taµtvwv OlKlOTIKWV npoaOTE(WV, t6VWOOV tnv KUKlOfOp(a npor; Kal 
an6 tour; t6nouc spyaolac nou pploK£ta1 otov nupnva nollwv npoPAnµatwv ta 
ono(a avt1µ£TWn(~ouv onµepa Ol aOTlKEC n£p1oxtr;. 
Ana1telta1, Kata ouvtneaa, ouo1aot1Kn ava9ewpnon twv apxwv OTlC onol£r; 
PaolotnKe n nol£o6oµ(a. 01 otpatny1Ktr; nou unootnpl~ouv tac µaKTtc xpnoeac 
Kaa Tnv nuKv6Tepn avantu~n txouv nep1006Tepo wr; anottleoµa To va ~ouv 01 
av8pwno1 KOVTa oTour; t6nouc £pyaolac tour; Kaa ot1r; unnpeoler; nou 
xpe1a~ovta1 yaa tnv Ka8nµep1vn ~wn tour;. T6t£ µ6vo To autoKlvnTo µnope( va 
ylvea sn1Aovn nep1006tepo napa avayKn. ITpatnY•Ktr; autou tou sl6ouc txouv 
n6n apxlos1 va £fapµ6~0VTal OTlt; KaTw XWPEC KOi a~(~Et va £~£TOOTOUV 
£KT£VEOT£pa. 
AvanAaon aOTIKWV £YKOTal£A£1µµtvwv £KTQO£WV 
0 I noluap I 9µ£r; £KTOO£ IC £YKatalele I µtvnr; YnC, µn XPllO I 1.10110 I ouµevwv 
P1oµnxav1Kwv eyKataotaoewv, napaKaµntnptwv 01611po6poµ1Kwv ypaµµwv, 
anoPa8pwv Kai otpaTtwtaKwv eyKataotao£wv otac aottKtr; nep1oxtc npooftpouv 
OUXYO a~16AOV£C £UKa1p(£t;, avanlaonr; -anoooJJwvTat; TOY K(v6uvo KaTanatnonc 
TWV UflOtaµ£VWY £l£U9£pWV XWPWY Kat XWPWV ava~UXOC µtoa OTtC n6Astt; Kat Ota 
npoaotta TOUC y1a avanTU~laKOUC A6your;. noAAtr; n6A£1C txouv n6n ano6£X9£( 
auTnv TflV npot£pa16tnTa OTIC OTPOTflYlKtr; TOU noA£060µ1KOU OX£61aoµou. 
Evtouto1c, ta npoPAnµata nou tl9evtaa an6 tn µoAuoµtvn vn Kai TIC 
noAunloKsc oxtos1c 1610Ktnolac £lva1 ttto1a woTe ouxva ana1tslTa1 n 
anotao1ot1Kn npwtoPouAla twv 6nµoo(wv apxwv. 
H ava~woy6vnon ut1ota1.1tvwv 01K1ot1Kwv nep1oxwv OTO nlaloto TflC n6Anc e(va1 
enlonc onµavt1Kn. H no16tnta tnc ~wnc ot1c nep1oxtc auttc µnope( va 
P£ATtw8s( 8saµaTtKa av onµs1w8ouv nep1PaAAovttKtc PtATawoetr; Kai, 16lwr;, av 
µs 1 wee ( o 86puPoc Ka 1 n punavon nou Of£ ( Aovta 1 otnv KUKAotoP (a. r 1 a va 
y(ve1 aut6 ana1T£(Ta1 n u108tt11011 OTPOTflYIKOC 0£ TontK6 enlne6o nou va 
6(V£t npOT£pa16t1'lTO OTIC QYOYK£C TWV 1t£~WV Kai TWV KOTO(KWV TflC 1t£Pl0XOC 
Ka1 6x1 oTouc 0611vouc nou anAwc tnv 61aoxl~ouv. 01 nep1PaAAovt1Ktr; 
PsAt1Woe1c autou tou sl6ouc µnopouv va 6woouv Klvntpa yta 161wt1Ktr; 
enev6uos1c µs ot6xo Tl'l Psltlwon tou 61a8totµou otsyaotaKou 6uvaµ1Kou. 
-41 -
H avayKn ava~woy6vnonc; 6ev neplop(~etal oe neptoxtc; µtoa otnv n6An. noAAtc; 
OlKlOTlKtc; neploxtc; Tile; aOTlKr\c; nepl,EPElac; Kal £16lK6tepa 6oec; 
6laµop,w811Kav yla epyatlKtc; KatOlK(ec;, arroKaAuntouv ouµrrtwµata aotlKr\c; 
napaKµt'lc; nou ouv6tovta' ouvt'lewc; µe aot 1 de; nep 'oxtc; oe KatarrT<i>Oll. I:to 
Aov6(vo Kat tn MaoaAla, n Errltporrn UAorrole( r\6n rrp6turra oxt61a nou 
anopUnouv otnv OlKOVOl.llKt'l KOl KOlVWVlKt'l avarrTU~ll 0£ neploxtc; QUTOU TOU 
e(6ouc;. Ta npoPAr\µata nou avTlµnwn(~ouv ot KatolKo( touc;, ouxva 
£nl6£lVWVOVTQl £~ alt[ac; tnc; OUOlOOTlKOC.: arroµ6vwonc; an6 TllV OlKOVOIJIKt'l, 
KOlVWVlKt'l, eµnoplKt'l Kal nOAITlOTlKt'l ~wn TllC.: n6Anc;. 
H entKtaon twv XPrioewv vnc.: Kal twv 6paotnPlOtr\twv nou KaAuntouv auttc; 01 
nep1oxtc.: Kal, Kata ouvtnela, twv euKa1p1wv nou rrpoo,tpovtal otouc; Kato(Kouc; 
touc;, anoTEAouv µtpoc; otpaTllYlKt'lc; nou arrol3Atnel otnv evorrolnon touc; µe tnv 
n6All KQl OTll 13£AT[won TOU nepll30AAOVTOc; touc;, Ka9wc; Kal Tile; nol6tntac; ~wric; 
TWV Kato(KWV touc;. 
noAE060µlK6c; OX£6laoµ6c; 
H aOTlKt'l HPlPaHOVTlKr\ no16t11ta e(val anotthoµa t6oo TOU KTlPlOAOYlKOU 
oxe6taoµou 600 Kal tnc; xwpotaKtlKr\c; 61a,oponol11011c;. Kata ouvtnela, 11 
npootao(a tnc; ontlKt'lc; nol6tntac; Kal tnc; 1otop1Knc; taut6tntac; twv n6Aewv µac; 
analt£1 npoooxn 6x1 µ6vo 6oov a,opa tnv npootaola twv 1otop1Kwv Ktlplwv 
aAAa Kal 6oov a,opa TO OX£61aoµ6 vtwv Ktlplwv WOT£ auta va £VTOOOOVTal OTOV 
1ot6 tile; n6Anc;. O noA£060µ1K6c; oxe61aoµ6c; rrptne:1, Ao1rr6v, va evowµatwoe:1 
TllV TP ( Tll autn 6 l aotaon, 611Aa6n tnv £V9appuvon IJEV tnc; apx l TEKTOV l KOC 
Kalvotoµ(ac; µe rrapaAAl'lAll 6µwc; 61ao,aA1011 tou 6t1 ta vta Ktlp1a ea 
£Vapµov(~OVTQI µe: TOV U'lOTaµE:VO aOTlK6 xapaKtt'lpa Kal 6£V ea KaTaOTPS,OUV fl 
axp11ot£UOUV Touc; £A£U8£pouc; XWPOUC.: Tile; n6A11c;. 
npoT£lV61J£VOl a~ovec; 6paonc;: 
1. H En' tporrn, oe ouvepyao (a µe ta Kpatn µHn Ka a t 1 c; ton a de; apxtc;, 
nptne 1 va avantu~e' Kateu0uvtnp' ec; ypaµµtc; v' a tnv evowµaTwon twv 
nepaPaAAOVTIKWV napaµtTpwv Otte; TCOA£060µlKEc; OTpatnYlKEc; µ1a 
hntoµepnc; 61 epe:uvnoll Ka' teh a orro (non twv apxwv nou OK' aypa,r\011Kav 
rrponvouµtvwc;. Ol Kate:u8uvtr\p1ec; ypaµµtc; autou tou e:(6ouc; ea 
arroPAtnouv OTO va e:nnpeaoouv Tov n0Aeo60µ1K6 oxe6laoµ6 Kal va 
anot£Atoouv onµavtlK6 ouµrrAr\pwµa Tile; npote1v6µevnc; o6nylac; oxet1Ka µe 
Tl1V a~ l OA6Y·l1011 TWV TCOA IT l KWV' TWV OX£6 (WV Ka l TWV rrpoypaµµatwv an6 
nep11)aAAOVTlKfl ano~n. 
2. nperre 1 va eveappuvee ( n nepa a ttpw tpeuva 6oov a,opa tnv erre~epyao [a 
µOAUOµtvwv £6a,wv nou t6oo OUX va napeµno6 ( ~ouv T 11V avarrAaon 
u,lOTaµtvwv aot1Kwv nep1oxwv. 
3. nphe a va 6oee ( rrepa' Ttpw xpnµat 1 Kr\ 13or\0£ 1 a oe np6tuna oxt61 a rrou 
arrooKonouv otnv ava~woy6v11011 unof3aeµ 1 oµtvwv aot 1 Kwv nep 1 oxwv µe tnv 
£lOaywyn Tile; µeyaAUTEPllC avaµ1~11c; TWV XP00£WV Kal, Kata OUVETC£la, tile; 
rrpoorrtAaonc; Otte; aot1Ktc; e~urr11petnoe1c;. napaAAl'lAa, ol evtpye1c; auttc; 
rrptrre 1 va arroPAtnouv otnv rrpootao (a Ka 1 Tll ouv6poµn twv u, 1 otaµtvwv 
o'auttc; tic; rreploxtc; Kato(Kwv. H Err1tponn rrptrre1 enlonc; va e~etaoe1 to 
rrwc; e(va1 6uvat6 va £1f£Kt£(V£l audc; Tlc; £VEPY£1£C J3ao1~6µev11 Ota 
anot£Atoµata autwv twv npotunwv oxe6(wv. 
4. H Ko1v6t11ta rrptrre1 va £~£taoe1 eav en1euµe( va eneKte(vel tll 
xpnµato6ot' Kr\ otiiP 1 ~., oe oxt6 la aot 1 Knc; avaKa ( v 'one; Ka, 
rrepll3aAAOvt1Knc; l3£Atlwo11c; ntpa an6 touc; tunouc; Kal tlc; neploxtc; 
Otr\pl~l'l<: nou EVTaOOOVTal OTO ne6(o 6paonc; TWV OlllJEPIVWV 61ap8p<i>TIKWV 
taµe(wv, Kat, e:av vat, µe rro16 tp6no ea to e:nltuxe1. 
~ 42 -
'Onwc TOVIOTflKS £nav£1Anµµtva o'autnv Tt'lV EK8£0t'l, ,, £Vtunwo1aKn au~noo TWV 
l6lWTlKOC XPnooc; autOKlVOTWV Kata TIC t£A£Uta1£C 6£Ka£tl£C npoot•£P£ 
µeyaAuupo aveo11 1< l vnonc oe noHouc aHa, napaUflAa, o6r\vnoe oe 
KUKAO'°PIOKO ouµ.,6pnoo, apvnt&Ktc £nlnTW0£lC TWV aOTIKWV QUTOKlVOT06p6µwv, 
anwA£la £A£U8£pwv XWPWV untp TWV XWPWV Ota8µeuonc;, atµoo•a1p1Kr\ punavoo Kal 
86pupo. Ita npoPAr\µata auTa ouvtPaAe 1<a1 n 8£aµat&Kr\ au~noo tou 6yKou twv 
0611<wc {µ£ '°prnva> µera,ep6µevwv eµnopeuµatwv. H aottKr\ KUKAo,op(a 
ouy1<ataAtyetal fJ£Ta~u TWV ooµavt1K6T£PWV OUVT£A£0TWV tnc; 6~1vnc ppoxnc; Kai 
tou •a1voµtvou tou 8epµoK11n(ou. 
rev11<a avayvwpftetat 6Ao Kat nep1006repo 6t1 l'l Kataoraon ef vat 1<p(o1µ11 Kat 
6t1 nptne1 va avaAn•8el 6paon. Evw n avantu~n ••AtKwv npoc to nep1PaAAov 
oxn1.1atwv £Iva 1 6uvat6v va to ava1<ou• I oe 1 Kanwc, £Iva 1 npo,avtc; 6t 1 o 1 
oopaptc; Auoe 1 c; ea txouv we; ouvtne ta onµavt 1 KO µnaPoAn tnc; 1 ooppon lac; 
fJ£Ta~u TWV Tp6nwv fJ£Ta.opac; £UYOWYTac; Ta 611µ601a tvavtl TWV 16tWTIKWY µtowv 
Kai fJ£lWYOVtac; TO en(n£60 Kai TIC £nlnTW0£1C Tt'lC KUKAo•op(ac; oxnµatwv µ£ 
KlVOTr\pa OTO KEVTPO TWV n6Aewv µac;. 
re Ko1voT11<6 en(ne6o 6ev e(Ya1 6uvarov Ya 61aµop•w8ouY AenToµepe(c; 
otpatoy1Ktc;, ev6e6e1yµtY£C y1a 1.11a ouy1<£Kp1µ£Yl'l noAo. E(ya1 oµwc; 6uYatov 
Ya npoo61op1 otouY op 1oµtYo1 roµe I c; otouc; ono ( ouc; o np6o6oc; £Y6txna 1 va 
ouµPaA£l OTOY nep1op10µ6 TWY £nlnTW0£WV OTOY n6Ao an6 TOY KUKAo.op(a 
OXl'ltJQTWY. 
Ca) 161wt1Ka µtoa µeta•opac; 
BeAtlwon toe ooµep1Yr\c; texvoAoy(ac; 
H u••otaµevo 1<a1 npoT£1Y6µev11 Ko1vor11<n Yoµo8eola en161wKe1 TOY e•apµovn 
TflC '3tATt0Tt'lC 61a8toq.111c; TEXYOAoylac; y1a Tfl µg(won TOU 8opu'3ou Kai tnc; 
punaYooc; nou napa6001aKa txouY oxton µe ta oxr\µara µe K1vnrr\pa, Kat 
OUYK£Kp1µ£ya Tt'l µetaOTPO•r\ 0£ Kauoaµa nou puna(YOUY A1y6T£PO, aUOTl'lPOTEpa 
np6tuna v 1 a t t c; ota9µec 8opuPou Ka 1 xpr\oo KataAutwY. o 1 tAevxo 1 auto ( 
lOXUOUY y&a Ta vta oxr\µata. AEY npoK£lTal oµwc; va fJ£1WOOUY Tt'lY £Knoµnn 
co2 nou e(ya1 tva an6 ta onµavt11<6tepa atp1a Ota onola o•elAeta1 TO 
•a1voµ£YO TOU 8£PfJ0Kt'lnlou. 
En1nAtov, y1a va e(va1 anoteAeoµaT1Ka Ta µtTpa auTa np£ne1 va ouvexftouY Ya 
e•apµ6t0Yta1 y1a 6An TO 61ap1<e1a twnc; rou oxr\µaroc;. Auto µnope( Ya 
£nlTEUX8£( av npOOT£8ouv OTOUC U•IOTaµevouc; T£XVIKOUC e:Atyxouc; (ao,aAe1ac;) 
Kai tAEYXOI ouµµop.wonc; µ£ TIC nsp1PaAAoYTIKEC ana1tr\oe1c;. 
H En1tponn nptns1 Ya ev8appuve1 TIC tpeuY£C y1a tt'lY nepa1ttpw µslwon tou 
eopuPou Ka 1 tnc; punaYonc; an6 ta oxr\µata µe K 1 vntr\pa Ka 1 Ya aYa8ewpe I 
ouvexwc; tlc; o6nvlec; tnc; o'autoY rov toµta y1a va 61ao•aAlte1 tnv £•apµoyr\ 
twY anotsAeoµatwv nou npoKunTouY an6 autr\v tnv tpeuva. 
A1<6µa Kai Oto nAalo10 tnc; u•toTaµeYnc; T£XYoAoy(ac;, op10µ£ya oxr\µata 
avayvwpltovta1 we; A1y6tepo PAaPspa via to nep1PaAAov an'6,t1 aAAa. H 
Oµoonov61 aKr\ AnµoKpad a TflC repµav ( ac; u 1 o8hnos np6o•ata tva •opoAoy 1 Ko 
ouotnµa, 01 KA(µa1<ec; tou onolou Ka8opltovta1 os ouvaptnon µe Ta snlne6a 
sKnoµnwv 1<a1 tic; ota9µ£c; &opuPou. H En1tponr\ ea µnopouo£ Ya s~sTaoe1 rnv 
supuTEPfl e•apµoyr\ sv6c; ttto1ou ouotr\µatoc; otnY Ko1Y6tnta. 
01 6nµ6o1ec; apxtc nou £lva1 uneu9uY£C via tnv ayopa Kai tn ouvtftpnon 
onµavT 1 Kou ap 1 8µou oxnµatwv, v 1 a 61 a•opec; xpftonc;, OT 1 c; aot 1 de; nep 1 oxtc; 
nptns1 va 6c0oouv TO KaA6 napa6sayµa r6oo Kata Tnv sn1Aoyr\ 600 Kai Kata tn 
XPr\On Kai OUYtr\pnon TWV oxnµatWY touc;. 
-43 -
Hl£KTPlKO oxftµata 
Y11GPX£l au~av6µ£VO £V61a,tpov yaa ta nl£KTPOKIVnta oxnµata we; 1118avr'\ luon 
twv npoPAnµatwv 8opupou Kat atµoo,aapaKftc; punavonc;: nou o'sllovtaa otouc; 
Pav~ 1 voK a vntr'\psc; Ka 1 touc;: Ka vntr'\psc; vtn~sl. H En 1 Tponn £K6r'\lwos Mn TO 
sv61a,tpov tnc; vaa tnv avanTu{n autwv twv oxnµatwv Kaa µsTslxs otn 
6nµaoupy(a µaac; u11spaot1Kr'\c; tvwo11c;; (Intercity association) µe ot6xo tnv 
£v9appuvon tnc; ouvspyaolac; yaa tnv avantu~n. 
Ta oxflµata auta µnopouv avaµ' I Pola va ouµpanouv onµavt a Ka otnv slattwon 
twv snant6wv tnc; punavonc;, 6ev slvaa 6µwc; 6uvaT6v va 9swpn9ouv we; n an6lutn 
luon y 'a TO np6J3Anµa. '1£V np6K£ l Ta I va £~OU6£T£PWOOUV tnv KUKlo,op l aKft 
ouµ,6pnon outs va µetp' aoouv tnv n (eon nou 6£xeta' o aot' K6c;: xwpoc;, evw 
enlanltov, e~aptwvtaa an6 tnv nleKtP•Kft evtpysaa nou napayetaa, os µeyalo 
Pa9µ6 an6 tnv Kauon opuKtwv Kauo(µwv. 
no6t'tAata 
To 1106r'\lato slvaa To 11ep1006tepo ''"'K6 npoc; 
auta, Alyse; 116Ae1c; enaxelpnoav aopapa va 
atpatnY•Kr'\ yaa tac; µeta,optc;. npayµata, 
napouoaa~ea Ktv6uvouc; vaa tnv ao,ahaa Kaa 
xpfton twv 1106nlatwv µtaa atnv 116An. To 11ep1J3aAlov 6xnµa. nap6la 
TO EVTQ~OUV 0£ µta Y£VlKft 
n u,aoTaµevn KUKlo,opla 
punavan nou ano8appuvouv T n 
01 Klv6uvoa Tove; onolouc; avtaµeTwnl~ouv ta no6ftlata aoxuouv en(onc; Kaa yaa 
tov nepaaa6tepo npoawn1K6 tp6no µeta,opac;, to Pa61oµa. re nepaoxtc; nuKvt'tc; 
KUKAo,oplac; o ne~6c; 6txeTaa tnv enl8eon tou 8opuJ3ou Kaa twv Kauoaeplwv nou 
npoKalouv aµeaa ev6xAnan Ka' µaKponp68eoµa epe9 'oµouc;: tou avanveuot 'Kou 
ouotftµatoc; Kaa twv µatawv. EntnAtov, 01 nepaoxtc; auttc; te(vouv va txouv tn 
µop'ft 6p6µou µet'eµno6(wv. o ne~6c; nptnea µepaKtc; 'optc; va Ktvn8el yupw 
an6 ota9µeuµtva autoK ( vnta nou ,paooouv T 1 c;: 61af3aoe1 c; Ka' , o 'op 1 oµtvec;: 
nep' ntwae 1 c;, ta ne~o6p6µ 1 a, va ano,uye 1 touc;: µetaH 1 Kouc; OTulouc; µe Ta 
onµata tnc; Tpoxalac;, Tove;: 'WTElVOUC:: onµaTo66tec;, ta napK6µetpa, va Paaote( 
va 6aaoxlo£t 6p6µouc;: 6nou TO "npaotvo ,we;:" µnope( va avaPet y1a &laxaota 
µ6vo 6eutep6lsnta, va txsa TO You OTa autoKlvnta nou nepvaYe ft otp(J3ouY µs 
K6KKIVO Klll'. 
nolu auxYa, o oxe61aoµ6c; twY 6p6µwv an0Pltne1 otnv anoteleoµataKft 
KUKlo,opla twY autoKtYfttwY a'nvovtac; touc; ne~ouc; va ta pyalouy ntpa µ6vo1 
touc;. 01 ne~ol npt11e1 va aYaKtt'toouY tn eton touc; Kaa va ln,eouv 
oAoKlnpwt 1 Ka un6cpn otnv 6 a a6 a Kao I a Tou axe6 a aoµou -6x 1 we;: atr£ 1 louµevo 
£ l 6oc; nou nptne 1 va Kave I ta 1 hxwp 1 ota oe £' 61 Kouc; ne~66poµouc;, aHa we; 
011µavt1Kol xpftatec; twv 6p6µwY tnc; n6Anc;:. 
Evw an6 Ka l p6 txe I avayvwp l OT£' 11 ouµPoM TWV 611µ60 l WY OUYKO I YWV l WV OTl1 
µslwon tnc; KUKlo,oplac;: TWY n6Aewv, evTouTotc; lfyec;: n6Ae1c; txouY KaTop8wos1 
va £1\'ITUXOUY anµavttKt't µstaotpo,.; TWV XP110TWY an6 Ta t6tf.l>TIKQ Ota 611µ601a 
µtoa µeta,opac;. 
nap I 6ln TflV au{ non tnc; XPtionc; I 61 WT I KWV OUT OK l YrtTWV' Ota 6rw6a I a µtaa 
µeta,opac; 6sv txsa entl8e1 µetaPoln. Itnv npa~n txe1 anoKalu,eel iaxup6c; 
OUV6£0µoc; TOU l 6 l OKTf\T11 µ£ TO aUTOK ( Yl1T6 TOU -ll'OU OUXYO napaJ31£ne I Tl1V 
o 1Kovoµ1 Kn loy' Kit -Ka 1 6t' µ6vo tvac; 6paot 1 K6c; ouv6uaoµ6c; K' Yfltpwv Ka' 
11£Pl0PIO)JWV µnops( va dfVEI Tr)V daot1yya npoc; TO µtpoc; TWV 6rw601wv 
ouyKoavwvawv. Is axton µ'aut6 nptnea va e~etaotouv op10µ£va etµata. 
·~ -44 -
Kat6 to oxe:6 i aoµ6 twv µe:tacpopci>v OT 1 c; n6A£ 1 c; nphe: 1 va £~£TatovTa 1 o 1 
6uvaT6tnnc; 6Awv Twv µe:tacpop 1 Kci>v µtawv Ka 1 va AaµpavovTa 1 anocpaae: 1 c; OTO 
nAalo10 µa1<ponp6ee:oµnc; aTpaTny11<1k nou Tov ouvapTa aµe:oa µe: TO oxe:61aoµ6 
TWV XP00£WV Ync; ne:p1AaµpavovTac; ne:p1paAAovT1Kouc; OT6xouc;. tnµe:pa, noAAtc; 
n6Ae: 1 c; Aaµpavouv onµavT 1 de; anocpaae: 1 c; 6aov acpopa T 1 t; µe:tacpoptt; oe: µ 1 a 
npoanaee:1a ad hoc avTan6Kp1anc; aTnv au~nµtvn tnTnon. 
'ETOI, fl OVTan61<p1an OTflV au~nµtvn KUKAocpop(a OUTOKlVOTWV unnp~£ noAu OUXVO 
n 1<aTaaKe:un vtwv 6p6µwv, nou µe: Tfl ae:1pa Touc; e:veappuvouv aK6µa ne:p1aa6Te:po 
Tnv KuKAocpop(a. Mia noA1T1Kn nou ea e:uvoe:l Tic; 6nµ601e:c; auyK01vwvle:c; 
auvcnaye:ta 1 avan6cpe:uKTa Tfl An«Pn 6vaKoAwv anocpaoe:wv. H 1 Kavono l non Twv 
anaaTnae:wv Tnc; au~nµtvnc; KUKAocpoplac; 6e:v e:lvaa n KaTaAAnAn Auan• n 
auµcp6pnan anoTe:Ae:( ae: opaaµtve:c; ne:p1nTci>ae:1c; e:uKoAo anoTpe:nT1K6 µtao. 
(II) Be:ATlwon TWV 6nµ601wv OUVKOlVWVlWV 
'Eva KO I V6 napanOVO -n np6oxnµa -£ [VO I 6T I n no I 6TnTa TWV 6nµ6o l WV 
OUVKOIVWVIWV Tic; K0910Ta anp6acpopn e:vaAAaKTIKn Avon Wt; npot; TO OUTOK(VflTO. 
E(va1 oacptc; 6TI 01 cpope:(c; TWV OUVKOlVWVlOKWV unnpe:a1ci>v OVT&µe:Twnltouv 
aoPapa 011<ovoµ1Ka npoPAnµaTa. H Pe:ATlwan Twv nape:xoµtvwv unnpe:aaci>v 
auve:naye:Tal au~nµtve:t; 6anave:t; yaa oxnµaTa, TPOXO«p6po e:~onA10µ6, npoawn1K6 
KOi uno6oµn 6nwc; ypaµµtc; KOi £YKOTOOT00£1t; e:~unnptTnanc; TWV e:n1PaTWV. 
Av 6e:v Ancpeovv anocpaoe:q: OTO nAalaao e:v6c; oAoKAnpwµtvou axe:6(ou via Tic; 
µe:Tacpoptc; paoaaµtvou 0£ PflTn an6cpaan avanTU~flt; VEWV 6nµ60IWV OUVKOlVWVlOKWV 
unnpe:oaci>v we; e:vaHaKTaKn Auon atn etan Twv vtwv 6p6µwv, 6cv ea unaph1 
e:vvunan 6Ta 01 Pe:AT1wµtve:t; unnpe:ale:t; ea npoae:AKuaouv 1Kav6 ap18µ6 e:n1PaTci>v 
via TflV KaAucpn Tou K6aTouc;. npoaoxn nptne:1 e:nlonc; va 6oee:l aTac; 
6uvaT6Tnte:c; nou npoacptpouv o 1 auv6uaaµo [ ata9µe:uanc; -e:n 1 P ( Paant; Ka a o' 
61aauv6toe:1c; une:paOTIKWV KOi aOTlKWV 61KTUWV. 
Cv> ~1axe:lp1an Tnc; KuKAocpoplac; 
H 61axe:lp1an Tnc; KuKAocpoplac; at1t; n6Ae:1t; µnope:( va Pe:ATawee:l anµavT1Ka µtow 
auoTnµaTwv 61axe:lp1onc; Tnc; OTa ono[a e:[va1 6uvaT6v va ne:p1AaµPavovTa1 
auaTnµaTa nAnpocpop1ci>v Kai nAnpocpop1Knc; nponvµtvnc; Te:xvoAoylac; 6nwc; auTa nou 
avanTUOOOVTOI onµe:pa OTO nAa(o10 TOU £P£UVflTIKOU npoypaµµaToc; Tnc; En&Tponnt; 
DRIVE. napa To ye:yov6c; 6Ta napa6001aKa o Kup1ot; ot6xoc; tnc; 61axe:lp1onc; Tnc; 
KUKAocpop(ac; unnp~e: n e:Aacppuvan Tnc; auµcp6pnonc; Kal n Pe:ATlwon tnc; pone; Tnc; 
Tpoxalac; Klvnanc;, e:lvaa 6uvaT6v va ouµpaAe:1 Kai oTn Pe:ATlwan Twv ouv9nKci>v 
TOU ne:p1f3aHovtoc;. H npoci>9non Ao1n6v, tnc; avanTu~nc; vtwv T£XVIKWV 9tte:1 
e:vAoya To cpci>Tnµa Tou KaTa n6aov nptnc1 auTtc; va xpna1µono1neovv via Tnv 
ncpa1Ttpw cveappuvon Tnc; KUKAocpop[ac; 0 y1a TOV ne:p1op10µ6 TWV £TrlTrTWOEWV 
OTO ne:paPaAAov. 01 noA1T1Ktc; 61axe:lp1anc; Tnc; KuKAocpoplac; nptne:1 va 
e:aT 1 aoTouv OTa etµaTa ne:p a PaAAovToc; Ka 1 aacpah lac;, Aaµpavovtac; un6cpn t 1 c; 
µa1<ponp6ecoµe:c; e:n1nTci>ae:1c; T6oo oe: ton11<6 600 Ka1 oe: ye:v1K6 e:nlne:6o, 
£Kcppa~OVtac; TOUT6XPOVO Tnv OVOYKn YIO KIYnT&K6TnTa TrOU £(Val 9e:µe:A1ci>6nc; 0£ 
µI a UY l 0 OOT l Kn 0 I KOVOµ (a. l:TO da ( 0 l 0 OUTWV TWV OUHOy I OJJWV, 0 OT6XOt; 
nptne:1 va e:lva1 n µe:lwon Tnc; Ku1<Aocpop1a1<nc; ouµcp6pnonc; µe: napaAAnAn 
ano9appuvan Tnc; £VTOV6te:pnc; XPOOnc; ne:p l OXWV Tflt; n6Anc; an6 Ta oxnµaTa µe: 
KIVOTnpa. 
Ynapxouv 61acpopa µtTpa nou ne:p1opltouv Tn xpnan 1<a1 Tac; e:n1ntci>ae:1c; an6 tn 
xpnan 161wt11<ou autoK1vntou. r'auTa ne:p1AaµpavovTa1 Ton11<tc; e:ne:µpaae:1c; nou 
anoPAtnouv OTOV KUKAocpop1a1<n ucpe:an 6nwc; ne:p1op10µ0( tnc; TOXVTflTO(;, µe:(wan 
Tou nAaTouc; twv 6p6µwv Kai ne:t66poµo1. 
-45 -
AUTOU tOU £(6out ta TOnlKOU xapaKTnpa µttpa ecp6ooY OX£6laOTOUY KQl 
£q>apµootouv owota, anoT£AouY ( owt TOY anonhoµat a K6t£po tp6no v 'a TOY 
n£paopaoµ6 TOU 8opupou. H npaKTlKn £«papµoyn QUTWV TWY T£XYlKWY t6wo£ 
e:ha6ocp6pa arroTdtoµata otat Katw XciJp£~ Kat orn re:pµay(a. EntnAtov Tou 
ye:yoY6toc 6ta ev9appuvouv tnY e:upute:pn xpnon twY 6nµ6otwY ouyKoavwYaciJY, ta 
µetpa autou tou e:l6ouc anote:Aouv avan6onaoto µtpoc oxe:6(wv via tnv 
ava~woy6vnon nsp1oxwv tou Ktvtpou tnc n6Anc, Kavovtac ttc ne:p1006te:po 
Kato1Kno1µe:c Kat "e:n1otptcpovTac touc 6p6µouc" otouc ne:~ouc. 
(6) ne:paoptoµol ota8µe:uonc 
01 ne:paopaoµol tnt ot69µe:uonc ouvte:Aouv onµavtaKa otnY anotponn tnc xpnonc 
tou 161wt1Kou autoKaYntou µtoa otnv n6An. H npoonAwon oto autoKlYnto e:lvaa 
ouxya t6oo tvtovn wore: 01 o6nyol ano6txovtat rte onµavtaKtc e:voxAnoe:ac nou 
ouve:n6ye:raa n xpnon tou nptv npo9uµonotn9ouv va xpnoaµono1noouv ttC 
6nµ601e:c OUVKOIVCl>Vle:c. re: n6A£lC 6nou Ol 6nµ601e:c OUYKOtVCl>V(e:c 
e:~aKoAoueouv va Kattxouv onµavtaKn eton, oa xwpo1 ota9µe:uonc un6Ke:1vta1 oe: 
aUOT'lPOU~ rre:ptOptoµou~, TUXaia n £0K£µµ£va. 
opaoµtve:t n6le:ac otnv Ko•v6tnta rrpote:(vouv tn xpnon tnc "cpopoA6vnonc" 
6p6µwv 0 T'l XOPnY'10'1 06£laC y1a TJ'lV 6taKiV'10f"I 0£ Ka9optoµ£vn Tr£Pl0Xrl 
npoKe:aµevou va e:n•6paoouv ornv 1ooppon(a 161wt1Kwv Kat 6nµ6otwv µe:tacpoptKciJv 
µtowv. Mttpa aUTOU TOU e:(6ouc e:cpapµ6~ovtal n6n EKTOC Ko1v6tntac 0£ n6A£l~ 
6nwc n tlyKanoupn Kal TO 'OOAO. H atttoX6vnon autou TOU OlKOVOµlKOU µtoou 
Paoi~e:Tat oto 6tt unoxpe:ciJve:t aµe:o6te:pa tov o6ny6 va avaAaPe:t To e:upuTe:po 
KOIVCl>VtK6 Kat rre:p1PaAAOVTtK6 K60TOC tnc XPnonc TOU OUTOKlVrlTOU. Ta 
ouotnµata auto e:vtxouv tn 6uvat6tnta va ano9appuvouv tn xpnon tou 
autoKavntou Kat va ouµ~allouv xpnµattKa otnv avantu~n e:vaAAaKt1KciJv Auoe:wv, 
aAAa nptrre:• va e:cpapµ6~ovtat urre:ueuva vaa va arrocpe:uyovtat 01 apvnt1Ktc 
e:ntrrTWOElt OTO KEVTPO T'1C n6Anc. 
np0Te:1v6µe:vo1 a~ove:c 6paonc: 
H Koav6tnTa np£ne:1: 
1. Na e:v8appuve:1 Tl~ 611µ0T1Kt~ apxt~ va e:vowµaTciJvouv Tac; anocp6o£lC 
OX£TlKO µ£ Tl'} OVVTOVIOµ£vn µ£AAOVTlK~ avanTU~l'l 6nµ60lWV OUYKOlYWVlWV 
Kaa tpywv o6onoltac; ota ox£6la touc; yaa ,.., xpfton tn~ vnc: 1<a1 tac; 
µsta~optc;. H EnaTponn nptne:t va ana1te:f va ~alv£taa OTtc; µeAAOVTtKEC: 
aatnoe:ac via evfoxuon T'1C: urro6oµnc; Twv µe:Ta~opwv an6 Ta 61ap8pwT1Ka 
Taµefa, 6Tt txe:a rrponvn8e( av6Auon auTou tou e{6ouc;. 
2. Na ev8appuve:t Tac; npooeyyloe:tc; nou s1oayouv Katvoroµ(ec; y1a Tnv xpnon 
Twv 6nµ6oawv ouyKotvwvawv Kat tnv nep1PalAovt1Kn 6aaxs(paon Tnc; 
aot v<'nc: KuKAocpop ( ac;, ouve: 'ocptpovta~ OTO K6oToc; np6turrwv oxe6 ( wv Ka, 
-~'.;<,1PaKOAOU8Wvtac; ta anotEAEOµata TOUC:. Ta EPEUVf"IT l Ka npoypaµµata 
~/,./' nptnet va 6woouv 161a(repn npote:pat6tnTa ota 8eµata nou txouv oxton µe: 
• ~ TO nepapaAAov Kat va neptAaµPavouv Katvotoµ(e~ 6oov acpopa Tl~ 611µ601£~ 
/ ~ OVVKOtvwv(ec;, ~lAlKO npoc; TO nepapaAAOV oxnµaTa Kal rrponyµtva ~ ouotnµata 6 t axe l Pa one; tnc; KVKAocpop lac;, nou 6e:v rrpene: 1 va exouv we; 
atroTHeoµa Tl1V £VTOV6TEPl'l XPnon aon KWV rrep' oxwv y la Tl'}V KUKAocpop (a 
autoKavntwv. 
3. Na £v8appUV£l Tl'}V aVTQAAayn TfAl"JPO'POPlWV, OE KOtVOttK6 en(ne:6o, OXETlKO 
µe tn 61axe:f p1on tnc; KVKAocpop(ac; art~ n6Ae1c; y1a va µeyaotonoan9ouv Ta 
ocptAn an6 To eupu cpaoµa eµnetpawv. 
-46 -
4. Na £~£tao£1 A£ntoµ£pwc, £V6£xoµtvwc µ£ tn xpnµato66tnon npoTunwv 
ox£61wv, tic 6uvat6tntec npoo,uvnc 0£ 01Kovoµ1Ka µtoa, 6nwc n 
"'opoA6vnon" Twv 6p6µwv, via Tnv £n1Auon Twv npoPAnµaTwv Tou 
neptPaAAovtoc nou o'elAovTa1 oTnv aoT1Kn KuKAo,opla. 
5.3. npooTaola Kai npoPoAn Tnt toTopaKnc KAnpovoµaac Twv eupwna1Kwv n6Aewv 
0 t0TOPIK6C xapaKTnpac TWV eupwnatKWY µac n6A£WV Kai Kwµon6A£WV -Ta KTlpta 
touc, Ta µvnµela, 01 nAaTelec Kat puµoToµla Touc -npoo6topl~e1 µta 
TaUT6Tnta Kat µ1a a(o9non TOU XWPOU nou npOOt6ta~OU0£C 0£ Ka9£ n6An. 01 
n6Ae1c µac anoteAouv onµavTtK6 tEKµnp10 Tnt noAuTtµnc noA1t1ottKnt 
noAuµop,lac tnc Ko1v6Tntat Kat tnt Ko1vnc 1otoptKnt KAnpovoµ1ac tnc. To 
Ev61a,tpov, Kata ouvtne1a y1a tnv npootaola tou 1otop1Kou xapaKTnpa µ1ac 
n6Anc 6£Y a,opa anoKAEIOTIKO Kai µ6vo TOUC noAIT£C tnc. 
01 avantu~taKtc n1toe1c Twv nEpaoµtvwv 6£KaeT1wv anelAnoav oopapa Tnv 
apx1T£KTov1Kn KAnpovoµ1a tnc Eupwnnc. noAAtc n6Ae1c Kat Kwµon6Ae1c 
u108ttnoav n0Aeo60µ1Ktt Auoe1c nou npoo,tpouv a~16Aovn npootaola y1 'auttc 
TIC nep1oxtc, Ev9appuvovtac tnv avaKa(vaon Touc µtow 61anveoµtvwv an6 
6nµ1oupy1Kn ,avtaola oxe61wv PeATlwonc tnc nep1oxnc. 
'Ewe TWpa, n Ko1v6Tnta 6106paµaTIO£ aonµavto p6Ao on6 xpnµato6oTtKn ano~n, 
aAAa onµavt1K6 0'6,t1 a,opa tnv evloxuon tnc ouvE16ntonolnonc EK µtpouc Twv 
noAlTWV tnc OPXITEKTOVtKnt TOUC KAnpovoµ1ac. 0 p6AOC auT6t OTPE,£Tal 
npwtlotwc npoc tnv nopoxn Pon8E1ac via Tn ouvtnpnon µvnµElwv nou 
avt1npoowneuouv tov nAouto Kat tnv noAuµop,(a tnc eupwno&Knt apx1t£Ktov1Knt 
KAnpovoµ1ac. 
npoTEtv6µEVOl a£ovec 6paonc: 
1. H Ko1v6tnTo nptne1 va napaoxe1 ouo1aot1K6tepn xpnµaT06ot1Kn evloxuon 
yta Tn ouvTnpnon 1otop1Kwv Kttplwv Ko1 nEp1oxwv eupwnolKou 
Ev610,tpovto<;. 
2. nptne1 va eleTootel n 6uvat6tnto Ka81tpwonc Ko1vot1Kou ouotnµatoc 
a~10A6vnonc KTtplwv Ko1 oot1Kwv nEptoxwv nou nopouo1a~ouv 1otop1K6 Kat 
noAtTIOTIK6 £V6ta,tpov. 
5.4. npootao(a Kat npoPoAn TOU 'UOlKOU nep1PaAAOVTOt µtoa OTlC n6Ae1c Kat 
Kwµon6Aett µac 
napaAAnAa µe tnv au£ov6µevn ouve16ntonolnon tnt onµaolac tou nep1PaAAovtoc, 
avoyvwplotnKe n ol(a twv ,uo1Kwv 01Kot6nwv nou unapxouv µtoa ottt n6Aetc 
Kot Kwµon6Ae1c µoc. Evw n onou6a16tnta autwv twv nep1oxwv onav10 µnope( va 
napaPAn0e( µe £K£lvn TWV 'UOlKWV OtKOT6nwv tnt una(9pou, £VTOUTOtC n 
YE l TV ( aon TOUC µ£ ~WVEC u~nAnt dn0uoµ l aKnC ouydvtpwonc TOUC npoo6 (VE l 
161alupn a~(o y10 tn Pehlwon tnc noa6tntoc n1c aot1Knc ~wnc µtow twv 
EUK01p1wv nou npoo,tpouv y1a aven1tn6Eutn ~uxaywy(a Kat µ6p,won oe 9tµato 
,uo1Knc totoplac Kat nEptPaAAovtoc. 
H npootoola Kat n PeAtlwon eAev9epwv xwpwv Kat ,uo1Kwv 01Kot6nwv Ka0wc Kot 
n 6ev6po,C:neuon evtoxvouv tnv onttKn an6Aauon nou noptxouv 01 oot1Ktc 
nep1oxtc evw, napaAArtAa, ouµPaAAouv otnv KotonoAtµnon, a,ev6c, twv 
µ 1Kpod1µat1 KWV en 1 6paoewv nou txouv we anoTtAeoµa tn ouydvtpwon pvnwv 
µtoa otnv n6An, Kat o,eTtpou twv 16(wv twv punwv. 
-47 -
noAAtc; n6Ae1c; txouv u108etno&1 "oxt61a npaolvou" nou anoPAtnouv otnv 
npootaola Kai evloxuon twv eAeu9epwv xwpwv Ka1 otnv ev9appuvon twv noA1twv 
va avaAaflouv 6ev6poq1uT£U0£1c; Kat 61aq1op£c; OAA£t svtpy£1£c; vaa tn P£ATlwon 
TOU nep1PaAAovToc;. 
H au~non TOU 61a8£01µou £A&u9epou XP6VOU KOL n evloxuon tnc; ~ntnonc; XWPWV 
y1a a9AntaKtc; 6paotnpa6tntec; Kat ava~uxn aoKnoav onµavtaKtc; n1toe1c; otouc; 
U1TOPXOVTE:c; µtoa OTlc;: aot1Ktc; nep1ox&c; £AEU0epouc; XWPOU«;. A(yec;: £(Val Ol 
n6h l c; nou µnopouv ell l KP l va va 1 ox up 1 otouv 6Tl txouv lafle l ta avayKa la 
µttpa y l I autouc; touc; xwpouc;. Evci> n 6rw l oupy (a vtwv napKWV OT l c; n61£ l c; 
ettet noAAa npoPAnµata, ot 6nµottKtc; apxec; rwv n6lewv nptnet va 
ev0appuvovtal va eKµetaAAeuovtat tic;: euKa1p(ec; nou npooq1tpouv 01 
eyKaTaAeAe1µµtvec; Kat axpno1µonolntec; &KTaoetc;. Ie noAAtc; eupwnalKtc; 
n6h 1 c; ta oaon 11 ava~uxnc;" oT l c; napuq1tc; Tnc; n6lnc; npooq1tpouv en lone; nolu 
onµavTtKec; 6uvat6Tntec; ~uxavwvlac;: otouc; KatolKouc; tnc;. 
npoTElV6µ£VOI Q~OV£«; 6paonc;: 
1. H En l tpomi nptne 1 va ehtaoe a tnv nep l nTwon eqiapµovnc; ev6c; 
npoypaµµatoc; np6tunwv oxe6fwv o'6ln tnv Ko1v6tnta y1a tnv eni6e1~n Twv 
ltAEOVEKTfllJOTWV TWV OX£6iwv npao(vou Ka0ci>c; Kol npoypaµµaTWV 6paonc;. 
2. 01 6nµot1Ktc; apxtc; nptnet va ev0appuv0ouv va enave~etaoouv Tlc; 
npof3At~e1c; touc; yaa touc; 6nµ6oaouc; eAeu0epouc; xci>pouc; Kai va 
&KµetaAAeu9ouv Tac; euKa' p I ec; nou ev6exoµtvwc; napouo a aotouv v a a trw 
edKtaon Touc;. 
5.5. 41axelp1on TWV u66twv 
Mia np6oq>atn np6taon oonvlac; via Ta 6riµot1Ka luµata 0£tea we; or6xo rnv 
enlteu~n u~nAou Pa0µou ene~epyaolac; yta 6Aa ta Auµata nou npotpxovtat an6 
aotaKtc; nepaoxtc;. H avayKat6tnta avaln~nc;: autnc; rnc;: npwtoPoul(ac; Ka9ci>c; Kat 
o' PeA t 'woe a c; nou 6uvnt 'Ka µnopouv va npoKu~ouv we; ouvene' a tnc;, e ( va' 
npoq>avef c;. To 1984 µta µelttn TWV OOTIKWV luµaTWV Kal TWV £YKOTOOTQ0£WV 
ene~epyao(ac; touc; OE 10 KPOTfl µ£An 01TEOEl~E 6TI, TflV E1TOXn EKEIVn, A1y6TEPO 
KOi an6 TO nµlOU TOU OUVOAIKOU OPYOVIKOU q>OpT(ou uq>(OtaTO £1T£~£pyao(a. 
I£ OUOlaOTtK6T£PO £nfn£00, n En1tpon~ KOTOpT(~£1 onµ£pa £va oxt610 o6ny(a, 
OX£TIKQ µe tnv not6tnTa TWV UOOTWV an6 OIKOAOYlKO ano~n. Avtf 8eTa µ£ tac; 
nponyouµevec; o6ny(ec; T'lc; EK OX£TIKa µe nOIOTlKOU~ OT6XOUt, autn 9a 
E~apµOOT&(, Kata Y£VlK6 Kav6va, 0£ 6la Ta u6ata Tflt KOlV6tntac;. En111Aeov, 
ev6txetaa va ana1tnos1 an6 ta Kpatn µtAn tnv e~apµoyn npoypaµµatwv 
/;iAt(wont np0Ke1µ£vou va enateuxeouv ea6aKo( 01K0Aoy1Ko( or6xo1. napa to 
syov6~ 6t1 To ox£6ao aut6 PpfoK&taa aK6µa oc apx1K6 ot6610, to anot£Aeoµa 
ou ea clva1, evoexoµtvwt, n onµavt1Kn (3eltlwon an6 P10Aoy1Kn Kat aao0nt1Kn 
no~n tnc; no16tnta~ T6oo TWV aOTIKWV 600 KOi TWV µn QOTIKWV u6atwv. 
) 
5.6. AotaKn Paoµnxavf a 
H (31oµnxav(a 01TOT£1£( onµavtlKn nnvn aTµoo~alpaKnc; punavon, Kal 
llXOPPU1TaVOfl«; OTlt aOTlKEt 1T£plOXE~ Kat Ota nep{xwpa, 16(wc; 6tav OUTQ 1£XOUV 
OlKIOTtK6 xapaKTnpa. H napa6001aKn avt1µ£Tci>n1011 OUTOU TOU npol3lnµato, 
umip~£ '1 £1TOV£YKOTOOT00'1 Tflt f3 l oµnxav (at OT I c; napuq>tc;: tnt n6lllt 0 KO l 
µaKputepa. Autn n nol1t1Kn nou l3aolteta1 otov "otpou80KaµriA10µ611 evci> 
npooq>epe 1 , oe •<ano 1 o 13a0µ6, aµ eon avaKou~ a on OTO ton' K6 nep t 13aHov, 6ev 
anot£A£( oAOKAllPWµtvn AUO~. 
-48 -
r1a TIC;: µeyahc;;: P1oµnxav1dc;;: £VKatacnaoe1c;;:, 01 µnaT01doe1c;;: audc;;: elvat 
OUXVa £tr18uµnttc;;:, 6e6oµ£vou 6tl ta vta Kt(p1a 61£UKOAUVOUV T'1V £,apµoyn t'lt 
ouyxpovnc;;: texvoAoylac;;: napavwvnc;;:. raa tic;; µ1Kptc;;: Kat µeoalec;;: eyKataoTaoetc;;: 
6µwc;;:, 6nou o 1 1 Kav6tntec;;: Twv at6µwv txouv µeyaAutepn onµao (a an6 t 1 c;;: 
Texv1Ktc;;: µa~1Knc;;: napaywvnc;;:, µ1a µetat6nton autou tou el6ouc;;: ouxva 
ouvenayetat onµavt1Kn otKovoµ1Kn 6anavn evw, napaAAnAa, nep1opl~e1 Ttc;;: 
6uvat6tnTec;;: np6oPaonc;;: neAatwv Kat npoµneeutwv, t6lwc;;: £Kelvwv nou naptxouv 
unnpeolec;;:. 
Evw aAneeuet 6T1 op1oµtvec;;: Ptoµnxav1Ktc;;: Aettoupy(ec;;: elvat avaµ,lPoAa 
trpottµ6tepo va eyKaeloTavtat µaKpla on6 aAAec;;: XPnO£tc;;: V'1C, Ot UtrOPXOUO£C 
n0Att1Ktc;;: PaolotnKav untpµeTpa oTov onoKAetoµ6 napa oTn ouµPatn ouvunap~n 
TOUc;;:. H EtrlTponn txet n6n Katapt(0£1 µ1a 0£1pa o6nytWV yta TOY tr£ptopaoµ6 
twv eKnoµnwv ouoawv Kat Tou eopu(lou an6 Paoµnxavadc;;: 6paoTnpt6tnTec;;:. H 
nepaattpw avanTu~n voµo9eo(ac;;: o'aut6v tov toµta Kat T£XVIKWv Auoewv yta Tnv 
ano,uvn autwv twv oxMoewv ea npoo,tpe 1 tva HP t oo6t epo euKaµnto nAa lo 1 o 
Otte;;: tonaKtc;;: apxtc;;: oxe6aaoµou Kata tnv e~tTaon tnc;;: eyKaTaotaonc;;: ouµPatwv 
p1oµnxav1Kwv 6paotnp1otntwv µtoo oe aot1Ktc;;: neptoxtc;;:. 
oa P1oµnxavlec;;: auTtc;;: e[vat 6uvat6v vo w'eAnoouv touc;;: en( t6nou nAnenoµouc;;: 
npoo,tpovtac;;: euKaap[ec;;: anoox6Xnonc;;: nou 6ev anaatouv µaKp6xpovec;;: 6to6poµtc;;: 
an6 KOi npoc;;: tnv Kato1Klo. 
npoteav6µevoc;;: a~ovac;;: 6paonc;;:: 
H Koav6tnto nptnea va AaPea µttpa v10 tnv npowenon tnc;;: opµovtKnc;;: avantu~nc;;: 
twv µaKpwv Kat µeoalwv enaxe1pnoewv oto nAaloto tou aotaKou nep1PaAAovtoc;;: 
Kat va touc;;: nopaoxet Poneeaa, 6nou xpeaa~etat, wote va µnoptoouv vo 
ouµµop,weouv trAnpwc;;: µe touc;;: Kavovaoµouc;;: Kai tnv open npaKtaKn o'6,ta a,opa 
to nepapauov. 
H KatovaAwon evtpyetac;;: Otte;; aotaKtc;;: nep1oxtc;;: ouv6tetot oteva µe tnv 
atµoo,a1p1Kn punavon on6 ta µeto,opaKa µtoo, tn etpµavon, to 'wTaoµ6 Kat 
Tov KAtµoT10µ6 twv Kttplwv. H anoTdeoµaT1K6tepn XPnon Tflt evtpyeaac;;: ea 
ouvtpaAe onµavTtKa otn µelwon Tnc;;: otµoo,atp1Knc;;: punovonc;;: Kat, Kata 
ouvtneaa, Tflt ouve10,opac;;: twv tr6Aewv Oto ,a1v6µevo 9epµoKnnlou. Ae6oµtvou 
6Tt yaa ta µtoa µeta,opac;;: £y1ve £Ktevnc;;: ovaAUOfl trpOflVOUµevwc;;:, TO Tµnµa auT6 
eivoa a,1epwµtvo OTfl xpnon tnc;;: evtpyeaac;;: oto Ktlpta. Oa n19avtc;;: PeAt1woeac;;: 
o'aut6v tov toµta nep1AoµPavouv: 
(o) Tov KTtp1aK6 oxe61aoµ6 
Ta t£A£UTala xp6vaa eK6nAw8nKe tvtovo ev6aa,tpov via tac;; apxtc;;: oxe6taoµou 
tou otKOAOVtKou ontttou -auto6uvaµec;;: µova6ec;;: nou ouvenayovtaa xaµnAn "\.. 
~nTnon evtpyetoc;;: Kat npoKaAouv £Aaxaotec;;: ~nµlec;;: oto nepaPaAAOV. oa tpeuvec;;: ~ 
t6ea~av 6Tt e(va1 6uvot6v va en1teux8el onµovtaKn e~oaKov6µnon evtpyeaac;;: µe 
TrJV evowµaTWO'l tnc;;: atrAnc;;: "naenttKnc;;:" nAtoKnc;;: etpµovonc;;: Kat aAAWV apxwv yta 
tnv e~oaKov6µnon evtpye1ac;;: otov Kttpa0Xoy1K6 oxe6aaoµ6 Koewc;;: Kat µe to va 
AaµpavovTot un6~n nopayovtec;;: 6nwc;;: o npooavotoAaoµ6c;;: Kat n vetTv(aon oe µta 
tr£ptOo6T£PO atro6ottKn OPXlT£KTOVlKn OUAA'l~'l TOU aOTtKOU XWPOU. ·,_,,,. __ : 
-49 -
<P> Ta np6Tuna yaa Tac; µovwoeac; oe: vte:c; KaTaOK&utc; 
H 6la8£onJl'l uxvoAoy(a yla tl'l owoTri 61axe:lp11011 tnc; e:vtpye:lac; -µovwoe:ac; 
tolxwv, 61n~ol ua~onlvaKec; -6e:v e:<papµ6l;e:tal 0µ016µop<pa OTnv Ko1v6tnta yla 
Ttc; vt&c; 01Ko6oµtc;. Av Kat 01 ye:wypa<ptKtc; 6ta~optc; e:lvat 6uvaT6v va 
anoT&Aouv TflV e~rivnon y 'a op a oµtve:c; nap&KKA [ oe:' c; ota np6tuna, a~ l l;e:' va 
e:htaotouv nep 1 oo6te:po n Pe:h l won Ka a n e:vapµ6v '011 autwv Twv npotunwv. 
nptne:l e:nlonc; va Ka9le:pw9ouv np6tuna Kal Kavovloµol yla ta 60µ1Ka uAlKa Kat 
npol6vTa, AaµPavoµtvwv un6~n twv onµe:pcvwv yvwoe:wv oxet1Ka µ& Ta npoPAtiµata 
Tl'lc; punavonc; TCl>V £0Cl>T£PlKWV XWPCl>V. 
nap6Ao 6t 1 aKp 1 Pe: l c;; nA11po<pop l ec;; oxn 'Ka µe: To e:n l ne:6o Twv µovwoeC&>v ota 
unapxovta KT(paa Tl'lc; KOlV6tnTac;; e:(val ave:napKe:(c;, 6£(XV£l va £UOta9e:( 11 
un6Beon 6t1 to enlne:6o auto yaa ta nepaoo6Tepa Ktlpaa elvat apKeta xaµnA6 
Ka' , Kata ouvene: a a, unapxe' ne:6 ( o 6paonc; v 'a onµavtl de;; Pe:h a woe 1 c;; 6oov 
a<popa ti') 6 l atftpnon tnc; evtpye: 'ac;; o' aut6v tov toµ ta. noHa Kpatn µHn 
e:v0appuvouv twpa auttc; t' c;; 6anave:c; napE:xovtac;; o 1 Kovoµ' Ka Ka' <popoAoy a Ka 
Klvntpa. 
(6) tnv an660011 tnc; e:yKataotaonc;; 9£pµavonc;; 
H an66oon twv µe:µovwµevwv e:yKataotaoe:wv 9£pµavonc;; e:nnpe:a~eta' oe: µe:yaAo 
(Ja9µ6 an6 to e:n l ne:6o ouvttipnotic;; touc;;. Itnv Oµoonov61 aKn .A11µ0Kpat la tnc;; 
re:pµav ( ac;, o' l 6 t oKttite:c; aK a vtitC&>v e: ( va' unoxpe:<a>µevo a va uno13aHouv t 1 c; 
eotle:c;; (Kauotnpe:c;> touc; oe: tAe:yxo Ka8e: xp6vo. Ol e:nl8e:<a>pi)oe:ac;; aut£c; e:{vaa 
6uvat6V va OUV6UaOTOUV µe: Tl'lV npoµfi0e:aa Kauo(µwv ft µE Ta OO~aAlOTlKQ 
ouµP6Aata tnc;; KaTOtKlac;;. 
(£) TO ouv6uaoµ6 8e:pµ1Knc; KOl 11AEKTPlKtic;; e:vtpye:tac; 
o ouv6uaoµ6c;; tnc;; etpµavonc; n6Aewc;; µe tnv napaywvn flhKtp' Ktic;; e:vtpye:' ac; 
e:(va1 an6 µ6voc; tou l6lalte:pa anote:Xe:oµattK6c; e:vw, napaXX'lAa, fl Y£ltvlaofl 
TOU napaywyou µe: TO XPfiOTl'l TT£P l OP ( l;e: l Tl c; anwh l e:c; e:vepye: lac;; Kata Tl'l 
µe:ra~opa. H Enarponri oe: 6aa~ope:c; ne:ptnrwoe:tc; txe:t e:K66oe:1 ouotaoe:tc; vaa tn 
otnP•~'l autwv twv ouotnµatwv. 
(OT) TOU<; £AEYXOUc; 8epµavonc;;/e:vepye:tac; OTO KT{pta 
/ /. 01 e:ve:pye:taKol tAe:yxoa nptv an6 tnv ayoponwAnola aKtvntwv anou:Aouv lowc; // £va µtoo Y la Tl1V aU~110t"I tnc; £UO l 0011T01TO ( fl011c; TOU KO l VOU OTl'lV EV&pye: l aKri 
~ -KataVOACl>Ol1. 'Eva TETOlO ouotnµa unapxe:t n6n OTl'l Aav(a, 6nou ouv6te:Tat µe: 
:· -~_,,,./,/_,,/ to p6Xo e:v6c; TOTT' Kou e:µne: 1 poyvwµova oe: etµaTa e:vtpye: 'ac; o ono l oc;; naptxe:' 
/ ' ouµ(3ouAE:t OX£T I KO µ£ TO K60TO<; Ka l TO 6q>e~oc; 61 a~6p<a>v £nev6Uae<a>v y 'a Tl'l 
61aTtipno11 t11c; e:vtpye:lac;. 
(l;) Tov e:ve:pye:taK6 npoypaµµataoµ6 Otte; n6Ae:tc;; 
o e:vepye:1aK6c;; npoypaµµat10µ6c;; Otte; n6Ae:tc; µnope:{ va µe:1woe:1 onµavttKa tac; 
ana1trioe:lc;; oe: evtpyeaa. 
napaAAnXa, 6µwc;; aut6 elva1 Kat npoAnnttK6 µtoo yaa tnv ano~uvn tnc;; 
punavonc;;. Baoll;e:ta1 oe: avaAuon tnc;; 61ap8pwonc;; tnc;; e:ve:pye:aaKric; KatavaAwonc;; 
Ka9wc;; Kat TCl>V 6uvatottitwv £Kµ£TOAAEU011<; T01TlKWV e:ve:py£laKWV n6pC&>v. 
-50 -
0 I apx£<: Tfl<: oAoKAripwµtvri<: 61 axe (pl on~ Tfl<: £VEPY£ I a<; 1TOU 1TPOKU1tTOUV an6 
aut6v tov npoypaµµat10µ6 nep1AaµPavouv noAAa µttpa tou s(6ou<: nou 
ava,tp8nKav ota onµ£(a (a) twc; (OT) Kat txouv, yev1Ka, noAu 9£TtKtc; 
en1nTwoe1c; oTo en(ne6o Tnc; punavonc; Kat Tnv otKovoµtKt'I avanTu~n twv n6A£wv. 
EvTouTotc;, noAAo( 6ev µnopouv va avt1An,eouv ttc; unapxouoec; 6uvat6Tntec; £~ 
a&T(ac; Tou 6Tl e(va1 evTayµtvec; oe 9£oµtKa nAa(o1a nou 6£v naptxouv £napKft 
av£~apT11o(a KlYt'IO£WV yla Tnv avanTu~n TWV avT(OTOlXWV £V£PY£laKWV 
noA t T l Kci>v . 
H Enatponn, npow8e( 1'1611 oxt61a evepyeaaKt'lc; TexvoAoy(ac; oe noAAouc; an6 Touc; 
napanavw Toµ£(c;. 
npoT£lv6µ£VOl O~OV£<: 6paonc;: 
1. H Ko1v6Tnta nptnet va ouvexloet Kat va evte(vet Ttc; 6paoTnp16tnTtc; tile; 
oxettKa µe Tn 61axefpton Tnc; evtpy£1ac; 0T1c; n6Ae1c;, en161ci>Kovtac; 
Kup(wc; tnv ev9appuvon Kat tnv evloxuon twv apxci>v TWV n6Aewv 
np0Ke1µtvou va npoxwpnoouv otn An~n µ£tpwv yta tov evepye1aK6 
npoypaµµaTloµ6, tn vvwotonolnon xpnoaµwv nAnpocpoptci>v oxettKa µe ta 
ev6e6£1yµtva o'auT6 to nAaloto µtoa, n.x. OX£TtKa µ£ to Kttp10Aoy1K6 
ox£61aoµ6 yaa TflV £~01Kov6µnon evtpyeaac;, Ka8ci>c; Kat tnv en(6ea~n µtow 
np6TUTtWV oxe6(wv TWV 1TA£0V£KTnµaTWV TWV 6tacp6pwv T£XVlKWV yaa Tn 
61aTnpnon Tnc; £vtpyeaac;. 
2. Evci> n KotvottKt'I voµo9eo(a OX£TlKa µs Tove; Kav6vec; napaywyt'lc; op(~st 
np6tuna y1a Ta µovwTtKa VAlKa nou XPno1µono1ouvTa1 y1a Tnv KaTaoKsun 
KT 1 p I wv, 6ev unapxe t npoc; TO nap6v KO t voT 1 Kt'I voµo9so I a 11 ono I a va 
anattsl npayµaTt tnv ecpapµovn e161Kci>v npoTunwv Otte; vtec; KaTaoKsutc;. 
EKt6c; an6 Ttc; ou0Taoe1c; nou eU6woe n Kotv6Tnta OTO nap£A86v, (owe; 
Tci>pa e(va1 n KataAAnAn 0T1yµft va £K6ci>oe1 µfa Ko1voT1Kn voµoeeofa. 
3. H xpnon 01Kovoµ1Kci>v µtowv vaa Tnv £v9appuvon Tnc; 61aTt'lpnonc; Tnc; 
evtpyeaac; ota KT(paa nptn&l va anot£Atoe1 TO avT&Ke(µevo A£nToµepouc; 
tK9£onc; Ka& np6taonc;. 
4. 01 6nµ6otec; apxtc; nptnea va ev9appuveouv ci>ote va 6ci>oouv To KaA6 
napa6e1yµa u108eTci>vtac; µtTpa via tnv 61aTnpnon tnc; evtpyeaac; ota 
KT(paa nou KaTaAaµPavouv. 
5.8. AOTlKQ an6PAnTa 
H Enatponn 6nµoolsuos np6ocpaTa µaa £KTetaµtvn otpaTnY•Kn vaa tn 61axelp1on 
TWV aOTlKWV anoPAOTWV TtOU £1TtK£VTpWV£Tat otnv ano,uvn tnc; napaywync; 
anoPAntwv, tnv enavaxpnotµonolnon Kat tnv avaKUKAwon CPA. KE,aAato 10, 
tµnµa 2.2.4). H orpatny1Kn nep1AaµPave1 tva eupu cpaoµa npotaoswv yaa 
ecpapµoyn. Ot KUPl£c; KaT£U9UV0£tc; tnc; £YKPl9nKav an6 TO ruµPoUAlO Ynoupyci>v 
TtOU ouvnA8£ OT&<: 22 Kat 23 Mapt(ou 1990. 
rto nAaloao tou nap6vtoc; £yypacpou 6£v txouµe tnv np69eon va enavaAaPouµe 
auttc; tlc; npotao£1c;, aAAa anAa va unoypaµµ(oouµe to otev6 ouv6eoµo autt'lc; 
tnc; otpatny 1 Kite; Ka 1 twv apxci>v oxe61 aoµou nou napouo 1 aotnKav o' aut6 to 
npaoavo BtPAfo. 01 aK6Aoueec; np6o9£t£c; npotaosac; nepaypa,ouv To ouv6£oµo 
µeta~u tnc; 61axef p1onc; twv anoPAnTwv Kat twv yev1K6tepwv npoPAnµatwv tnc; 
aotaKnc; 61axefp1onc;. 
-51 -
1. H Enttponri nptn£t va £v8appuvet tac; 611µot1Ktc; apxtc; va Aal3ouv 
neptoa6t£po un6~n touc; touc; neptoptoµouc; nou txouv oxton µe tn 
6taxe(pton TWV anol3AftTWV Kata Tll OUVTa~n TWV fjpaxunp69£0µWV KQl 
µeoonp68£oµwv µ&Aetci>v yta tnv aottKft 61axelp1011: xapaKtnp10µ6c; 
tono8eo t wv y ta tn ouydvtpwon xwp 'oµtvwv Kata s ( 6oc; o 1 K 'aKci>v 
anopptµµatwv Kat 6nµtoupy(a evKaTaoTaoewv ene~epyao(ac;. 
2. H Ent tponft nptne 1 va ev9appuve 1 , naptxovtac; xp1iµat 'Kri ev ( oxuon, tnv 
tpeuva Kat Ta oxt61a nou ano13A&nouv OTll ouve16nTonolnon, EK µtpouc; tou 
KOlVOU, Tilt onµao(ac; TWV Kav6vwv UYl£tvri<;• TllV avantU~ll noX&o6oµtKOU 
Kat OPXlTEKTOVlKOU OX£6taoµou nou EUVOE( Tll 6taAOYri TWV anoPAriTWV otnv 
nnvri Ka9wc; Kat Tn xwp1oµtvn KaT'&(6oc; neptouAAOYri· tnv e~eupeon v£wv 
xpnoewv v 'a aot 'Ka an613AnTa, t 6 (we; y 1 a &KE ( va nou npoKuntouv a116 
6oµaKa tpya. 
3. H Enltponri 1TPE1T£t va ev8appUV£t tnv QVTQAAayft 1TAllPO~OPlWV KQl 
eµne l pt ci>v OTOV toµ ta Tll<; uy l £ l vnc;, t 6 (we; 6oov a~opa Tl<; H:XVOAOV ( &c; 
Ka9apaoµou, tnv euaao0nTonoinon tou nAn8uoµou, ta voµ1Ka µtoa Kat tnv 
avaKUKAWOll Twv aot1Kci>v ano(3Afttwv. 
'onw<; ava~tp8nK£ nponvouµtvwc;, µ1a an6 tac; 6uoKoAl&c; nou avtaµetwn(otnKav 
Kata Tll OUVTO~ll TOU avaAUT I KOU µ£pouc; aUTOU TOU syypa~ou fttav 11 EH£ I IPll 
1TA'1PO~OP I WV y I a noHa etµata 1TOU Ka9 l OTOUV 6uvatri Tl"IV OVT l KE l µev l Kri KO I 
OUYKP l Tl Kft avaXU011 Tt"I<; KaTaOtaonc; TOU OOT l KOU TTEP t (laHOVTO<;. H ovatTTU~rt 
OUYKPlTlKWV 6e6oµtvwv f3p(OK£TQl ft6n 0£ E~EAl~ll µtow npoypaµµatwv OTO 
nXa(o10 tou oxe6(ou CORINE, nou txsa oxton sa6tK6tspa µe To 6e6oµtva yao 
Tl1V 1TOl6tnta TOU aepa. npo(3AE1T£Tal 6Tt Ta npoypaµµata 1TOU 8a 0UV£XlOTOUV 
an6 TOY EupwnalK6 Opyav10µ6 neptfJOAAOVTO<; ea f3£ATIWOOUV Tl<; YVWOEl<; o'aut6v 
TOY Toµta. Sa XP£1QOTOUV £1Tl1TAEOV (3£ATlWO£t<; Kat 0£ OAAOUt Toµe(c; eq>6oov n 
En1Tponri 9th1 va 61aette1 KataHnAn fjaon nA11pocpop1ci>v via niv nepa1Ttpw 
avantu~n tnc; noX 1T1 Kile; v 1 a to aoT t K6 nep t (36Hov. o t n).npoq>op ( ec; aud~ 
nptne1 va e(vat npoottt, 6x1 µ6vov o'eKe(vou' nou Ka8op(~ouv Tl<; 1TOAtTtK£~ 
aAAa Kat otou~ µeµovwµtvou, noAltec;. 
npoTEtv6µ£VO~ Q~OVO' 6pOOl1<;: 
H Enttponn nptnet va e~etaoet TO nw~ e(vat 6uvat6 va P£ATtci>oe1 Tn 
6ta9£otµ6tnta TWV OUYKPlTlKWV 6£6oµtvwv OXETlKQ µe tnv KOtaotaon TOU 
aOTlKOU lTEPtPaAAOVTO<;. Aut6 µnope( VO £1tlT£UX0£( £IT£ napaxwpci>vTat OTO vto 
Opyav10µ6 neptf3aAAovtoc; e161Kn apµo616tnta y1a to oKon6 aut6 e(te 
Otnp ( ~OVTa<; TllV ava1rtu~n tho l WV OUOTr)µQTWV 6e6oµ£vwv OTO 1TAO ( 0 l O 
lVOTlTOUTWV epeuvci>v n 1TOV£1TlOtnµ(wv, n 6tKTUOU TETOIWV t6puµatwv. 
To aottK6 nep1PaAAOV e(vat, Kata Poon, un68eon 6Awv eKelvwv nou ~ouv Kat 
epya~ovtat ottt n6A£tt, xwp(~ tn ouµµeToxn twv ono(wv 6ev µnope( va 
e~apµoote( µe enttuxla Kaµ1a aoTtKn noAtTtKn. Auto( ot npwtaywv1ot£t twv 
n6Aewv Kato1Ko1, Kataotnµatapxec;, KatavaAwTtc;, P1ot£xve,, £v~oe1, 
en1Tn6euµat1ci>v ouvTeAovv otnv aoTtKn unof3a8µ1on aHa napaHnAa, 
U~lOTavtal Tl<; entnTWOElt Tl1' Kat EnW~EAOUVtal on6 tux6v ~EATIWOElt. 
-52 -
Me tnv £,apµovn µ1ac; TtOAlTlKOc; yla TO aOtlK6 1t£PlBaAAOV, n Ko1v6tnta e(val 
6uvat6v va avtAOO£l o,tAn an6 tn 6nµ1oupy(a 6oµci>v y1a tnv ev9appuvon tou 
61aA6you, tnc; avtaHavnc; 16eci>v Kal tnc; ouvepyao(ac; µeta~u, a,ev6c;, twv 
npwtaywv l otci>v µlac; n6Anc; Ka 1 , a,edpou, twv n6Aewv aurci>v Ka9autci>v. o 1 
6oµtc; audc; 8a ntav en (one; XPnO l µec; Y la tl'l 6 t £UK6AUV01l tnc; avtaHayJic; 
TtAOPO,OPlWV Ka& an6~£WV µe TOY Ko1v6tnta. 
npot£lV6µ£YOl Q~OVE<; 6paonc;: 
H Ettltponn nptne1 va otnpl(e& tnv 6nµ1oupy(a tou npota9tvtoc; 61Ktuou 
Ktvtpwv TOTtlKOc; TtPWtOPOUA(ac; TWV tr6A£WV. Ta KEYtpa auta nptn£l va 
61opyavw90UV 0£ ouvepyao(a µe tlc; KPOtlKEc; unnpeo(ec; TtOU UTtOPXOUV n6n y1a 
nw napoxn nAnpo,op1ci>v Kal trw Katapt1on npoypaµµat1oµou 6oov a'opa to 
aOTlK6 Tt£PlPOAAOV. Aut6 TO xp6vo OX£6la~£Tal, n 6nµ1oupy(a KEVtpwv autou 
tou e(6ouc; oe 61a,opec; n6Aetc; µe rn µop'n nporunwv oxe6(wv. o p6Aoc; rouc; 
9a £ (Val: 
1. Na TtAl'lPO,OPOUV 610,opec; oµa6ec; Kato(KWV OXEtlKQ µe tac; TtOAltlKEc; Kat 
ta µetpa TO«; KOlV6TOtac; Kat µe TO nci>c; aura £,apµ6~ovtal Otlc; 6la,opec; 
nep1ntci>oe1c; nou ouvetrouv tnv aottKr'l npayµaraK6tnta, 
2. Na ev9appuvouv Kat va 6t£UKOAUVOUV TO 6tOAOYO, TOV KOlV6 oxe6aaoµ6 Kal 
tn ouvepyao(a µeta~u oµa6wv Kato(Kwv twv n6Aewv, µe ot6xo tl'l f3£Atfwon 
tOU aOtlKOU nep1PaAAOVtOc;, 
3. Na 6t£UKOAUVOUV tnv avtaAAayn TtAl'lPO,OPlWV µeta(u TWV tt6A£WV 6oov a,opa 
ta npoPAJiµata nou avt1µetwnl~ouv Kat tlc; eµneaplec; touc; an6 rnv 
avt1µetci>n1on autci>v twv npoPAnµatwv. 
5.11. KOlYWVlKtc; npwtoPouA(ec; 
nptne1 va ylvouv npoonaeeaec; ci>ote va ano,euxeel n anoµ6vwon twv Aty6tepo 
euvonµtvwv Katnvoptci>v nAn9uoµou Otte; nao un0Pa8µ1oµtvec; ouvo1Klec; twv 
n6A£wv. 
Ito trAalo10 6paotnp1otr'ltwv nou attoPXtnouv otnv npootaola tou ,uo1Kou 
Tt£PlP0AAOVtoc; e(val 6uvat6v va npof3AE,9ouv KOlYWVlKSc; TtOAltlKSc; TtPOAl'lTttlKOU 
xapaKtnpa nou npene1 va neptAaµBavouv t6oo evtpyetec; Ko1vwv1Knc; tvta(nc; 600 
Kat evtpye1ec; unep tnc; anaox6Xnonc;, n.x. oto nAalo10 tnc; avaKalvtonc; 
epyaTlKWV KaTOlKlWV. 
npot£1v6µevo1 a~ovec; 6paonc;: 
1. H En1tponn nptnea va otnpl~e1 npoypaµµara np6oAn~nc; Kat enayyeAµar1Knc; 
£Knal6euonc;, nou 611µ1oupyouv tac; npoUnoetoetc; via µ1a 6uvaµtKno 
OlKOVOµtKn Kal KOlVWVlKfl avantu~n, µ& napaAAl'lAl'l 6taO,QAl01'l tnc; 
npootao(ac; TOU 1t£PtPOAAOVTOc;. 
2. H Entrponn nptnea 
np6tuna oxt61a Kai 
AIY6tepo euvonµtvec; 
nep1f3aHovtoc;. va ev9appuve1 tnv napoxn texv1Knc; Bonee1ac; oe 
tn µeta,opa texvoyvwolac; nou ouoxetl~ouv tic; 
Ko1vwv1Ktc; Katnyoplec; µe tnv npootaola tou 
-53 -
H Enatponn cnnpl~ea Kaa ouvxpnµato6ot£l tva eupu cpaoµa oxe6lwv yaa tn 
61an£Pl«PEP£la1<n ouvepyao(a Kai tnv avantu~n 61KTUWV. 01 n6A£lt aVTAOUV 
ocpHn an6 svtpys 1 Et nou ouvenavovta 1 ouvtt Enacptc; µe nep 1cpepe1 de; Ka 1 
T01t I Ktc; apxtc; Ka I TOUC: avT I 1tPOOW1t£UT I KOUC: opyav I oµouc; TOUC: -Iuvthuon 
EupwnalK'Y nsp1cpepe1,v, IuµPouAIO EupwnalK'V Opyav10µ,v Tott1Kftc; 
Auto61olKnonc; Kai EupwnalK'v n£p1cp£pe1wv Ka9wc; Kai AaEBvnc; 'Evwon Ton1Kwv 
Apx,v. 'Exea avaAncp0£( µaa OEIPO 1tPWT0(30UAlWY OTIC: onolec; 1t£PlAaµf3avetaa 
1t.x. n ouyxpnµato66tnon tou ox£6lou POLIS Cf3£Atlwon tnc; 61axelp1onc; tnc; 
KUKAocpop(ac;) µe µaa oµ66a n6A£<.t>V nou e(vaa yvwortc; we; "Eupwn6Aeac;" Kal tva 
oxt610 ouvepyaolac; oTo onolo ouµµettxouv 10 Aaµavaa Kat oxeTl~etaa µe rnv 
evtpyeta yaa tnv KatanoAtµnon Tnc; 0aAaooaac; punavonc;. 
npoT£lV6µ£VOC: O~OVOC: 6paonc;: 
H Enatponn nptnea va ouvexloea va ornpl~ea t&toaec; evtpyeaec; 1<a1 va 
sn161w1<e1, 6nou aut6 elvaa 0K6n1µ0, tnv 6aeupuvon tnc; ouvepyaolac; Kal Tnc; 
OVTOAAaync; 1tAnpocpopawv µeTa~u n6Xewv. 
To tµftµa aut6 OUYKEVTpWVEl TOUc; 1TPOTEIV6µevouc; O~OYEC: 6paonc; yaa TO E~ftc; 
f3ao1Ka onµela: 
noAso6o~aK6t oxs6aao~6( 
npot£tv6µevo1 a~ovec; 6paonc;: 
1. H Ettatponr'I, oe: ouvepyaola µe ta Kpatn µtAn Kai TIC: ton1dc; apxtc;, 
nptne a va avantu~e 1 KateueuvTnP 1 EC: ypaµµtc; ya a tnv evowµchwon twv 
1TEPIPaAAOYTIKWV napaµtTp<.t>v OTlc; 1tOAEl060µ1Kec; OTPOTflYlKtc; µaa 
A£1TTOIJEPOC: 61 Epeuvnon Kat TEA£ I 01t0 (non TWV apxwv nou OK l acppacpf)0nKav 
nponvouµtvwc;. 01 Kateuauvrnp1ec; ypaµµtc; auTou Tou el6ouc; ea 
anoPAtnouv oto va ennpeaoouv rov n0Aeo60µ1K6 oxe61aoµ6 Kai va 
anot£Atoouv onµavT11<6 ouµnXnpwµa tnc; np0Te1v6µevnc; o6nylac; oxeT1Ka µe 
TflV a£ I oA6V'101'l TWY noA IT I KWY' T<.t>V oxe6 (WV Ka' T<.t>V npoypaµµaTWV an6 
nepaPaAAOVTIKn ano~n. 
2. nptne 1 va ev9appuv9£ l n nepa 1 Ttpw tpeuva 6oov acpopa n1v ene~epyao l 
µoAuoµ£vwv £6acpwv 1tOU t6oo OUXVO napeµno6 ( ~OUV tnv aY01tAaOn 
ucpaotaµtvwv QOTIKWY 1t£PIOXWY. 
3. nptne 1 va 608£ l nepa 1 dpw xpnµat 1 Kn 13oi't8e 1 a oe np6Tuna oxt61 a nou 
anooKonouv otnv ava~woy6vnon unof3a8µ 1 oµevwv aot 1 K<i>v ttep t oxwv µe: trw 
&&oaywyn tnc; µeyaAUT&POC: avaµ1~nt T<.t>V XPnoewv Kai, Kata ouvtneaa, TflC: 
npoontAaonc; OTlt aoT&Ktc; e~unnp£rnoe&c;. napaAAOAa, 01 evtpyeaec; auttc; 
npenea va anop~tnouv oTnv npootao(a Kai TO ouv6poµn twv u~totaµtvwv 
o'auttt tlt nep&oxtc; KatolKwv. H Enatponn nptnea enfonc; va e~etaoe1 
TO nwc; £(Val 6uvat6 va &n&KT&(VEl auttc; tit &vtpy&t£t Pao1~6µevn Ota 
anot&Atoµata autwv T<.t>v npotunwv oxe6lwv. 
4. H Koav6tnta 1tPE1t£l va £~£T00£1 eav &nl9uµe( va £1t£Kt£(V£l tn 
xpnµato6ot 'Kn otftp' ~n oe ox£61 a aot' Knc; avaKa l v a one; Ka' 
nep1PaAAOVtlKOC: P£AtlW0'1C: ntpa an6 touc; tunouc; Kat ttt nepaoxtc; 
otnp&~nc; 1TOU &VTOOOOVTOI OTO 1t&6(o 6pOOf'IC.: T<.t>V onµepav~v 61ap8pWTlKWV 
taµ&(wv, KOl, £QV Vat, IJ£ 1TOl6 Tp6no 9a TO £1TITUX£1. 
-54 -
npoTElV6µ£VOI alOVE<; 6paont: 
1. Na sv8appuvs1 Tlt 611µ0T1Ktt apxtt va £vowµaTwvouv Tlt ano,aoe1t 
OXETIKa µs Tl'l OUVTOVIOµtvn µEAAOVTIKri avattTUll'l 611µ60lWV OUYKOlVWVlWV 
Kat tpywv o6onottat Ota ox£6ta touc; y1a trl xpno11 t11c; Yl'lt Kat nc; 
µeTa,optc;. H EttlTponn nptns1 va ana1Tel va 'alveta1 ot1c; µEAAOVTtKtc; 
a 1Trios1 c; y 1 a ev l oxuo11 Tl'lc; u1106oµric; twv µna,opwv an6 Ta 61 ap9pwn Ka 
taµs(a, 6t1 txe1 npo11vneel avaluo11 autou tou el6ou<;. 
2. Na EV8appUVEl tlc; npooeyy(oetc; 1TOU Etoayouv KalVOtoµlet Yla Tl'lV XPriOl'l 
TWV 611µ601wv OUYKOlVWVlWV Kat Tl'lV 1TEPtPalAOVTlKfl 61axelpton tnc; 
DOT t Kt'lc; KUKAO,OP ( ac;, OUYE l o,tpovtac; OTO K60toc; np6TU1T(a)V OXE6 ( (a)V Ka l 
napaKOAOU9Wvtac; Ta DlTOTEAEOµata Touc;. Ta EPEUVl'lTlKQ npoypaµµata 
nptne1 va 6woouv 161altep11 npotepat6tnta ota etµata nou txouv oxto11 µe 
To neptPaAAOV Kat va nep1laµpavouv Ka1v0Toµ(ec; 6oov a,opa Tic; 611µ601ec; 
OUVKOlVWV(Ec;, 'lAlKQ npoc; TO 1TEptPaAAOV oxnµata -Kal nponyµtva 
ouotriµata 61axelp1 one; tnc; KUKAo,op lac;, nou 6ev nphe 1 va txouv we; 
anotthoµa Tl'lV EVTOV6TEPl1 xprion aoT l KWV 1TEP l oxwv y la Tl'IV KUKAO,OP (a 
DUTOKlVritwv. 
3. Na EV9appUVEl Tl'lV avtaAAavn 1TAl1PO,OPlWV, OE KOlVOTlK6 £1TlttE60, OXETlKQ 
µe tn 61axelp1on t11c; KUKAo,oplac; OT1c; n6Ae1c; y1a va µey1otono1n8ouv ta 
o,tAn an6 to eupu ,aoµa eµne1p1wv. 
4. Na ElETQOEl AE1Ttoµepwc;, EV6sxoµtvwc; µe Tl'l xp11µato66tno11 1TPOTU1TWV 
oxe6lwv, Tic; 6uvat6tntec; npoo,uvnc; oe 01Kovoµ1Ka µtoa, 6nwc; 11 
"'opol6v11011" TWV 6p6µwv, yaa Tl'lV E1TlAU011 TWV npoPlnµatwv TOU 
lTEPIPalAOVtoc; 1TOU 0,£,AOVTal OTl'lV aoTtKn KUKlo,op(a. 
npotElV6µ£VOl Q~OVEc; 6paonc;: 
1. H Ko1v6t11ta nptne1 va napaoxs1 ouo1aot1K6tep11 xp11µato6ot1Kn evloxuon 
yta Tl'l ouvtripnon lOTOPlKWV Kttp(wv Kat 1TEPIOXWV eupwnalKOU 
ev61a,tpovtoc;. 
2. nptne1 va e~etaote( n 6uvat6tnta Ka81tpwonc; Ko1vot1Kou ouotnµatoc; 
a~lOA6ynonc; Ktlp(wv Kal aOTlKWV 1TEPIOXWV 1TOU napouota~ouv tOTOPlK6 Kat 
1TOAlTlOTlK6 EV6la,tpov. 
npooTao I a Ka 1 11poPoM Tou ,uo 1 Kou 11sp t PaU.ovToc;: 1-1toa OT 1 c 116As 1 c;: Ka 1 
KCOIJ01t6As l t 1-1ac;: 
npotetv6µevo1 a~ovec; 6paonc;: 
1. H En l tponri nptne t va ElETQOE l TllV 1TEP ( 1TTWOl1 E,apµoync; sv6c; 
npoypaµµatoc; np6tunwv oxe6lwv o'6An tnv Kotv6tnta y1a tnv en(6et~n twv 
ttAEOVEKtnµatwv Twv oxe6lwv npaolvou Ka8wc; Kat npoypaµµatwv 6paonc;. 
2. 01 611µot1Ktc; apxtc; nptnet va sv8appuveouv Kat snavs~etaoouv T1c; 
npoPlt~Elc; Touc; y1a touc; 611µ601ouc; EAEU8Epouc; xwpouc; Kal va 
£Kµ£Talleu9ouv Tl c; euKa 1 pl ec; nou ev6exoµtvwc; napouo 1 aotouv y 1 a tnv 
en£Ktaon touc;. 
_., -55 -
H Ko1v6tnta nptne1 va AaPe1 µttpa via tnv npowBnon ttt apµovtKnt avantu~nc; 
TWV µtKpwv Kat µeoalwv £1ttX£tpnoewv OTO ttAaloto TOU aottKOU 1t£PtPOAAOVTOc; 
Kat va touc; napaoxe1 PonBeta, 6nou xpe1a~eta1, wot£ va µnoptoouv va 
ouµµopcpciJ8ouv ttAnpwc; µe touc; Kavovaoµouc; Kaa tnv open npaKTtKO o'6,tt a~opa 
To nepapaHov. 
A1axslp1oq Tqc svtpys1ac OTtC aoTaKtc nspaoxtc 
np0Tetv6µevo1 a~ovec; 6paonc;: 
1. H Ko1v6tnta nptnea va ouvexloet Kat va evtelvea tac; 6paotnp16tnttc; tnc; 
OX£TIKQ µe tn 61axelp1on tnc; evtpye1ac; OTI<; tt6A£1c; £nt61WKOVTac; KUplwc; 
tnv e:vBappuvon Kat Tnv evloxuon twv apxwv twv n6Aewv npoKe:tµ&vou va 
npoxwpl)oouv otn Af\'i'n µhpwv v ta Tov e:vepye t aK6 npoypaµµan oµ6, Hl 
yvwotonolnon xpno1µwv nAnpo~opawv oxettKa µe ta ev6e6etyµtva o'aur6 ro 
1tAalo10 µtoa, n.x. OX£TtKa µe TO KTlPlOAOVtK6 oxe61aoµ6 yta tnv 
£~01Kov6µnon evtpye1at, Ka0wc; Kai tnv enl6etln µtow np6tunwv oxe6lwv, 
twv nAeoveKtnµatwv twv 61a~6pwv rexvtKwv yaa tn 6tatf\pnon rnc; 
e:vtpye:tac;. 
2. Evw n Ko 1vot1 Kn voµo9eo la ox er 1 Ka µe touc; Kav6vec; napaywync; op l Z:e 1 
np6tuna yta ta µovwttKa UAtKa nou XPno1µono1ouvta1 via tnv KataoKeun 
Kttp(wv, 6e:v unapxet npoc; to nap6v KotvottKt'l voµo8eola n ono(a va 
anaatef npayµata tnv e~apµovn et61Kwv npotunwv otac; vtec; KataoKeutc;. 
EKt6c; an6 tac; ouoraoeac; rnc; Ko1v6rnrac; oto nap£A96v, (owe; twpa e:lvaa n 
KaTOAAnA'l OTtyµn va £~£TaOT£l n KOtVOTtKn voµoBeo(a. 
3. H xpnon 01Kovoµ1Kwv µtowv yaa rnv e:vBappuvon tnc; 61arf\pnonc; rnc; 
e:vtpyetac; ota Ktlpaa nptnet va anoteAtoe1 to avTtKelµevo A£ntoµe:pouc; 
£K8eont Kat np6raonc;. 
4. Ot 6rui601ec; apxtc; nptnet va evBappuveouv wote: va 6woouv to KaA6 
napa6e:ayµa u108etwvtac; µtrpa 61atf\pnonc; tnc; e:vtpye:1ac; ota Ktlpaa nou 
KataAaµpavouv. 
AOTlKG an6PlqTa 
npot£tv6µe:vot alovec; 6paont: 
1. H Enttponn nptnet va e:v8appuvet ttc; 6nµottKtc; apxtc; va AaPouv 
ne:p1006re:po un6'1'n touc; rove; nep1op1oµouc; nou txouv oxton µe: tn 
61axe:lp1on twv anoPAf\twv Kata rn ouvta~n rwv ppaxunp68e:oµwv Kat 
µeoonp69e:oµwv µeAetwv y1a tnv aot1Kn 61axe(p1on: xapaKtnp10µ6c; 
tono8eo1wv vta tn ouyK£vtpwon xwpaoµevwv Kat'El6oc; otKtaKwv 
anopp1µµatwv Kat 6nµtoupyla EyKaraoraoewv e:ne~epyao(ac;. 
2. H En a tpomi nptne: 1 va ev8appvvE t , naptxovrac; xpnµar t Krl Ev l oxuon, rnv 
tpeuva Kat ta oxt6ta nou ano(3Atnouv orn ouve16nronoinon, EK µtpouc; tou 
KOtVOU, rnc; onµao(ac; TWV Kav6vwv UVl£tvf\c;• TJlV avantu~n nOA£06oµtKOU 
Kat apx1tEKtov1Kou oxe6aaoµou nou e:uvoe:l rn 6taAoyn rwv anoPAf\twv ornv 
nnvn Ka8wc; Kat tn XWPlOµtvn Kat'e:(6oc; neptOUAAOYO• tnv £~£UP£0'1 vtwv 
XPnoewv yaa aot1Ka an6(3Anra, 16iwc; yaa £KElva nou npoKunrouv an6 
6oµtKa tpya. 
·' 
-56 -
·3. H Enatponn nptnea va ev8appuvea tnv avtaAAavn nAnpo,opawv Kat 
eµne' p' WV OTOV Toµta tnc; uy l £ l vnc;, t 6 (we; 6oov a'opa Tl c; uxvoAoy ( £<: 
Ka9apaoµou, Tnv euaao9nTonolnon Tou nAneuoµou, Ta voµaKa µtoa Kat tnv 
avaKUKAwon TWV aOTlKWV anof3A"1TWV. 
7. Ta cw6pcva p~paTa 
To eyypa'o auT6 anouh I Tnv npwTn £K6nAwon Tnc; unoxptwonc; nou avtAaf3e n 
Enatponn yaa Tnv npayµaTtKn f3£ATlwon Tnc; noa6Tntac; Tou aoTtKou 
nepaf3aAAovToc; oTnv Koav6TnTa. H Enatponn ena8uµel tnv euputepn 6uvaTn 
ou~nTnon Twv an6~ewv Kat uno6el~ewv nou unapxouv o'aut6 To tyypa,o. 
To nap6v tyypa'o, a,ou ou~ntrl9£ ( oto Eupwna'iK6 Kot vof3ouA to, oto Iuµf3ouA a o 
Ynoupywv Kat OTnv OtKOVOµlKn Kat KOlVWVtKn Enttponn, 9a OtaA£( Otouc; 
6nµapxouc; Twv onµavTtK6Tepwv n6Aewv oTnv Eupwnn, Ka8wc; Kat oe oµa6ec; 
enayyeAµaTtwv Kat e9eAovtwv nou ev6aa,tpovTat yaa Ta etµata aoTtKnc; 
6aaxelpaonc; npoKeaµtvou va 6aaTunwoouv tac; napatnpnoeac; Tove;. 
Meta an6 hnToµepn µeUTn Twv anotdeoµaTwv nou ea npoKu~ouv an6 Tac; ev 
A6yw 6 t a(3ouhuo£ l c;, n En l Tponn 9a £~£TaO£ l not 6c; an6 Touc; a~ovec; 6paonc; 
eµnlnT£l OTO ns6(o apµo6totntwv tnc; Koav6Tntac; Kaa nptnsa va uAonoan9sl, 
Ka9wc; enlonc; Kat noa6c; e(vaa o KaAuTspoc; tp6noc; uAonolnonc; tou. 
H s,apµovn auTwv twv npoTaoswv ea 6aao,aAl~st tnv unap~n ouvepyaolac;, xwplc; 
nspttTn enavaAn~n epyaoawv, µe aAAouc; 6ts8ve(c; opyavaoµouc; nou aoxoAouvtat 
µe Tov toµta tou aoT t Kou nsp t PaHovtoc;, en t 6 t wKovtac;, 6nou aut6 £ (vat 
e,tKT6, tnv Koavn 6paon. 
* * * * * * * * .. 
nPOtAPTHMA 
AP0PA THI IYN0HKHI r1A TO nEPIBAl\AON 
Ev6TqTa VI -nspaPaAAov 
·Ap&Po 25 
ITO TP (TO µtpoc; TJlC: ouv9riKnc; EOK, npooTl 8£Ta l tvac; t( T AOC: v I I , 0 ono ( oc; 
he: l we; £~nc;: 
«T lt AOc; VI I 
ne:p,panov 
'Ap8po 130 n 
1. H 6paon Tnc; KOlV6tnTac; OTOV Toµta TOU n£pl'30AAOVTOc; EX£l we; 
aVTlK£(µ£VO: 
tn 6latripnon, tnv npootaola Kal Tn Pe:Atlwon tnc; nol6tnTac; tou 
nEpl(lOAAOVTOc;, 
tn ouµPoAri oTnv npootao(a tnc;; uye:(ac; Twv npoownwv, 
tnv e:~aocpaAlon ouve:tnc; Kat op80Aoy1Knc; xpno1µonolnonc;; twv cpuolKwv 
n6pwv. 
2. H 6paon tnc; Ko' v6Tntac; otov toµ ta tou ne:p' (3aHovtoc; otnP ( Z:e:ta' ot' c; 
apxtc;; tnc;; np0Annt1Kric; 6paonc;, tnc; e:nav6p8wonc; twv npoo(3oAwv tou 
ne:p' PaHovToc;, Kata npoTe:pa l 6tnTa otnv nnvri, Ka9wc; Ka' otnv apxn «o 
puna(vwv ttAJ1PWV£l~. 01 avayKec; tnc; npOOTaO(ac; TOU ne:pl(lcJAAOVTOc; 
anot£AOUV OUVlOTWOa TWV cJAAWV nOAlTlKWV tnc; KOlV6tntac;. 
3. Kata tnv enehpyao la tnc; 6paonc; tnc; otov toµ ta tou nep' PaHovtoc;, n 
Kolv6tnta AaµPave:l un6~n: 
ta 61aetolµa en1otnµov1Ka Kal texv1Ka 6e:6oµtva, 
tlc; ouv0nKec; tou ne:p1PaAAovtoc; otlc; 6lacpopec; ne:ploxtc; tnc; Kolv6tntac;, 
ta nA£OV£Ktnµata Kal tlc; e:nlPapuvoe:tc; nou µnopouv va npoKu~ouv an6 tn 
6paon n tnv anouola 6paonc;, 
TOY OlKOVOµtKn KQl KOlVWVtKn avantu~n tnc; Kotv6tntac; OTO OUVOA6 tnc; KOl 
tnv to6pponn avantu~n TWV n£plOXWV TJ1<;. 
4. H Kotv6tnta 6pa OTOV toµta TOU ne:pt'36AAOVTOC: e:cp6oov Ol Ot6xo1 nou 
avacptpovtal otnv napaypacpo 1 µnopouv va npayµatono1 n8ouv KaAute:pa oe: 
KO l VOT l K6 en ( n£60 napa 0£ £1'( ( n£6o TWV £1T ( µtpouc; KPOTWV IJ£AWV. ME 
e:nlcpuAa~n oploµtvwv µttpwv KolvottKou xapaKtripa, ta Kpotn µtAn 
e:~aocpaAlZ:ouv tn xpnµato66tnon Kal tnv eKttAeon twv aXAwv µttpwv. 
5. Ira nAalola twv avtlotolxwv apµo6lotntwv touc;, n Kotv6tnta Kal ta Kpatn 
µtAn ouve:pyaZ:ovta1 µe: Ttc; tplte:c; xwpe:c; Kal touc; apµ66louc; 6te:9ve:lc; 
opyavtoµouc;. rta Ttc; Ae:ntoµtpe:ae:c; tnc; ouve:pyaolac; tnc; Kolv6Tntac; 
µnopouv va unap~ouv ouµcpwvfe:c; µe:ta~u rnc; Kotv6tntac; Kal twv acpopwµe:vwv 
tpf twv xwpwv. H 6lanpayµ6te:uon Kal n ouva~n twv ouµcpwvlwv autwv y(vetat 
ouµcpwva µe: TO ap8po 228. 
.s g .. 
To nporlYouµsvo s6aqn o 6sv e I vs a tnv apµo6 a 6tnta twv Kpatwv µsAwv va 
6aaupayµatsuovtaa ota uAa(oaa 6aeevwv opyavaoµwv Kaa va ouvantouv 
6as8vs(<: ouµ,wvls<:. 
'Ap9po 130 P 
To IuµpouAao, upotaosa tn<: Enatponn<: Kaa µsta an6 6aapouAsuon µe to 
EupwnalK6 KoavopouAao Kaa tnv OaKovoµaKn Ka& KoavwvaKn Enatponn, ano,aol~sa 
oµ6cpwva yaa tn 6paon nou ea avaAaPea n Koav6tnta. 
Yn6 ta<: ouv9nKs<: nou npoPUnovta 1 oto nponvouµevo e6acp 1 o, to IuµpouA 1 o 
Ka9op(~sa ta etµata en( twv onolwv Aaµpavovtaa ano,aoea<: µs e161Kn 
nh1ocpn•la. 
'Ap9po 130 I 
Ta µttpa trpOOtao(a<; nou Aaµpavovtal an6 KOlVOU 6uvaµ£l TOU ap8pou 130 P 6ev 
eµno6(~ouv ta Kpatn µtAn va 61atnpouv Ka1 va eeon(~ouv µttpa evaoxuµtvn<: 
npootaola<: nou 6ev avtlKeavtaa otnv napouoa ouv9nKn>. 

GR 
T IMH IlnAHLHI ISSN 0254-1483 
COM(90) 218 ttA l ~6 
Eff PAtA 
15 
ApL1'. ~ataA6you: CB-C0-90-276-GR-C 
ISBN 92-77-61186-3 
µiXPl 30otH6ct;: 3,50ECU y~al':<i~e 10 cntnltovotH6et;: 1,25ECU 
Ynnpco(a En~on~wv E~66otoov twv Eup(l.)nai~~v KoLvoint~v 
L-2985 Luxembourg 
,• ..;. :