KOMMISSIONENS MEDDELELSE TIL RAADET, EUROPA-PARLAMENTET, DET OEKONOMISKE OG SOCIALE UDVALG OG REGIONSUDVALGET - Faellesskabsplan til bekaempelse af doping inden for sporten

KOMMISSIONENS MEDDELELSE TIL RAADET, EUROPA-PARLAMENTET, DET OEKONOMISKE OG SOCIALE UDVALG OG REGIONSUDVALGET

Faellesskabsplan til bekaempelse af doping inden for sporten

OVERSIGT

1. Indledning

2. AArsager til den omsiggribende doping

3. Tre former for Initiativer

4. Fokus paa etiske vaerdier, oeget beskyttelse af sportsudoeveres helbred

5. Et nyt partnerskab: Det Internationale Antidopingagentur

6. Mobilisering af faellesskabsinstrumenter

7. Konklusion

Bilag 1 Instrumenter paa faellesskabsplan til bekaempelse af dopingmisbruget i sporten.

1. En styrkelse af forskningen i dopingstoffer, metoder til afsloering af saadanne stoffer og de helbredsmaessige konsekvenser af doping.

2. En mobilisering af uddannelses-, erhvervsuddannelses- og ungdomsprogrammerne til fordel for oplysning og uddannelse om doping, der skal goere folk bevidste om dopingproblemerne, og til forebyggelse af doping.

3. En udnyttelse af de muligheder, som programmerne om politisamarbejdet og det retlige samarbejde giver

4. En styrkelse af informationen om dopingstofferne

5. En udvikling af foranstaltninger inden for den offentlige sundhedspolitik

Bilag 2 Den Etiske Gruppes mening om de etiske aspekter vedroerende bekaempelse af doping inden for sport

Bilag 3 Dokumenter om oprettelsen af Verdrens Anti-Doping Agentur

1. Indledning

Anvendelse af doping har altid vaeret i strid med grundlaeggende etiske principper inden for sporten. I dag har det omsiggribende antal registrerede tilfaelde betydet, at dopingproblemet inden for idraetten er gaaet fra at vaere et egentligt etisk problem inden for sporten til ogsaa at blive et sundhedsmaessigt problem. Fysiske aktiviteter og sport skulle i princippet bidrage til at forbedre livskvaliteten for den enkelte. Men anvendelsen af forbudte stoffer eller misbruget af medicin paavirker sportsudoeverens helbred og modvirker dermed selve formaalet med sportsudoevelsen. Inden for konkurrenceidraetten symboliserer doping sportens modsaetning og er i modstrid med de vaerdier som sporten traditionelt har staaet for, nemlig fair play og det at man soeger at overgaa sine egne fysiske praestationer.

De mange dopingskandaler i 1998 har givet genlyd i medierne, hvilket har afstedkommet en hurtig reaktion fra Den Internationale Olympiske Komité, som har afholdt en international konference, hvis primaere formaal var at skabe et internationalt agentur til bekaempelse af dopingproblemet.

Det Europaeiske Raad, forsamlet i Wien i december 1998, udtrykte bekymring over omfanget og de alvorlige foelger af doping inden for sporten, og understregede behovet for en mobilisering paa EU-plan. Siden da har ministrene med ansvar for sport holdt tre uformelle [1] moeder i 1999 for at droefte dopingproblemet.

[1] De tre moeder fandt sted i Bonn/Bad Godesberg (18. januar 1999), i Paderborn (1. og 2. juni 1999) og i Vierumaeki i Finland (25. oktober 1999).

Europa-Parlamentet vedtog den 17. december 1998 en beslutning [2], hvori Parlamentet opfordrede Kommissionen til at tage hensyn til dopingproblemets reelle omfang og til at fremsaette forslag om foranstaltninger paa faellesskabsplan for navlig at sikre en bedre koordinering og komplementaritet mellem nationale foranstaltninger og EF-foranstaltninger.

[2] Beslutning om presserende foranstaltninger mod doping inden for sporten, EFT C 98 af 9.4.1999.

Regionsudvalget har ogsaa afgivet en udtalelse om "Den europaeiske sportsmodel" [3], der indeholder et afsnit om dopingproblemet. I udtalelsen understreger Regionsudvalget at det er noedvendigt at foretage en koordinering og harmonisering af de nationale foranstaltninger og stoetter Parlamentets opfordring til at Kommissionen om at fremsaette forslag til gennemfoerelsen af en harmoniseret folkesundhedspolitik til bekaempelse af dopingmisbruget.

[3] Regionsudvalgets udtalelse nr. 37/99 af 16. september 1999.

Endelig boer det naevnes, at Europa traditionelt har vaeret primus motor i kampen mod doping, isaer efter Europaraadets vedtagelse af en europaeisk konvention om antidoping den 16.11.1989 [4].

[4] Europaraadet - europaeiske traktater - ETS-135.

Formaalet med denne meddelelse er at fremlaegge de foranstaltninger, som Kommissionen allerede har taget, saavel som de foranstaltninger Kommissionen har planer om at gennemfoere for at imoedekomme de tilkendegivelser, som andre faellesskabsinstitutioner og -organer er kommet med i relation til bekaempelsen af doping.

2. AArsager til den omsiggribende doping

Kommissionen er saerligt optaget af aarsagerne til doping. For det foerste maa det understreges, at dopingproblemet har aendret karakter. I dag handler doping ikke laengere - med enkelte undtagelser - om, at den enkelte sportsudoever paa konkurrencedagen indtager visse stoffer. Vi taler derimod om metoder, der er systematiseret og organiseret paa holdplan, hvor den nyeste medicin og de nyeste farmakologiske produkter af holdene anvendes til uetiske formaal. For eksempel anvendes i stadig stigende omfang stoffer, som kan skjule dopingstofferne, naar der foretages analyser.

En vigtig aarsag til udviklingen i anvendelsen af doping skyldes den overdrevne kommercialisering af sporten. Den voldsomme udvidelse af TV-rettighederne i forbindelse med store sponsor-aftaler, som er sket i den senere tid, indebaerer, at der hviler et stadigt stoerre pres paa den enkelte atlet og dennes omgivelser, hvilket fremmer en anvendelse af forbudte stoffer. Denne kommercialisering og de oekonomiske og finansielle midler der staar paa spil i den forbindelse, har foert til en kraftig foroegelse i antallet af ... sportskonkurrencer og til kortere hvileperioder, hvilket ogsaa indebaerer, at professionelle sportsudoeveres sportslige karriere afkortes. Desuden har det uheldige konsekvenser, naar der mellem visse sportsforeninger og deres sponsorer, indgaas kontrakter, hvorefter ydelsen staar i forhold til de resultater, som sportsudoeveren opnaar, eller de medaljer denne faar i forbindelse med stoerre konkurrencer. Det miljoe, som sportsudoeveren generelt er omgivet af, fra traener eller laege til holdleder og familiemedlemmer, kan bidrage til at oege det pres, der hviler paa sportsudoeveren.

Endelig angaar en vaesentlig del af denne problematik unge sportsfolk. Muligheden for hurtigt at tjene mange penge sammenholdt med de oekonomiske operatoerers behov for hele tiden at "producere" beroemte sportsstjerner kan foere til at en sportslig karriere indledes stadig tidligere.

Bekaempelsen af dopingproblemet er desuden en meget god illustration af, hvordan EF-foranstaltninger kan bidrage til at styrke de bestraebelser, der udfoldes paa forskellige niveauer og isaer paa nationalt plan, og saaledes leve op til borgernes forventninger, samtidig med at de sportslige organisationers autonomi og subsidiaritetsprincippet respekteres. En effektiv bekaempelse af dopingproblemet kan ikke udelukkende ske paa nationalt plan, da det i en stadig mere international sportsverden er noedvendigt at sikre, at de forskellige staters tiltag paa dette omraade er ensartede. Den Europaeiske Union kan yde et positivt bidrag ved at fremme en vis ensartethed i de forskellige tiltag og ved at de handlemuligheder, som EU raader over, stilles til raadighed for dopingbekaempelse.

3. Tre former for Initiativer

Kommissionen har valgt at angribe problemet paa tre maader:

- ved at indhente eksperters holdninger til den etiske, juridiske og videnskabelige dimension af dopingfaenomenet; Kommissionen har derfor anmodet Den Europaeiske Gruppe vedroerende Etik om at afgive en udtalelse

- ved at bidrage til forberedelsen af en verdenskonference om doping og sammen med den olympiske bevaegelse at arbejde for oprettelsen af et internationalt antidopingagentur

- ved at mobilisere EF-instrumenter med henblik paa at supplere de aktioner, der allerede er ivaerksat i medlemsstaterne, og at give dem en faellesskabsdimension under hensyn til blandt andet den oegede mobilitet, der goer sig gaeldende inden for den europaeiske sportsverden, og det forhold, at visse af EF's kompetenceomraader beroeres af dopingproblemet.

Det Europaeiske Faellesskab bidrager til bekaempelsen af doping paa flere maader. Antidopingforanstaltninger kan - direkte eller indirekte - indgaa i forskningspolitikken og i forskningsprogrammer og paa ungdoms- og uddannelsesomraadet. Hertil kommer, at forskellene mellem medlemsstaternes lovgivning om doping kan udgoere en hindring for den frie bevaegelighed for saavel professionelle sportsfolk som amatoerer. Doping beroerer ligeledes kompetencen inden for omraadet retlige og indre anliggender, isaer for saa vidt angaar rets- og politisamarbejdet. Endelig skal der i henhold til EF-traktatens artikel 152 om folkesundhed vedtages tilskyndelsesforanstaltninger med henblik paa beskyttelse og forbedring af folkesundheden, men uden at der sker nogen form for harmonisering af medlemsstaternes love og administrative bestemmelser.

4. Fokus paa etiske vaerdier, oeget beskyttelse af sportsudoeveres helbred

Den foerste type faellesskabsforanstaltning er en opfoelgning paa udtalelsen afgivet af Den Europaeiske Gruppe for Etik. Kommissionen oenskede at faa nogle hoejtkvalificerede europaeiske eksperters holding til doping. Det var baggrunden for henvendelsen i 1999 til Den Europaeiske Gruppe for Etik, som afgav sin udtalelse den 11. november (bilag 2).

I udtalelsen fra Den Europaeiske Gruppe for Etik opstiller gruppen, efter at have foreslaaet en definition af, hvad der forstaas ved doping, de etiske principper der boer ligge til grund for alle EF-foranstaltninger:

- Den enkeltes ret til sundhed og sikkerhed. Den Europaeiske Gruppe for Etik er af den opfattelse, at sportsudoevere i den forbindelse har samme rettigheder som andre personer.

- Princippet om integritet og gennemsigtighed, som kraever, at sportskonkurrencer overholder spillets regler, og at sportens gode image generelt bevares.

- En saerlig opmaerksomhed boer rettes mod de mest udsatte personer og isaer boern, som kan vaere dybt engageret i sport paa hoejt niveau.

Gruppen for Etik har generelt fokuseret meget paa idraetsudoevernes rettigheder og paa deres noedvendige beskyttelse mod hele det miljoe, der tilskynder dem til at dope sig. Disse rettigheder forudsaetter imidlertid ogsaa, at idraetsudoeverne selv paatager sig visse forpligtelser af baade moralsk, etisk og juridisk karakter. Gruppen for etik bemaerkede, at bekaempelsen af doping er et faelles ansvar for idraetsforeninger og -forbund, idraetsudoeverne selv og deres laegelige og faglige miljoe og for alle andre aktoerer, isaer offentlige aktoerer.

Paa grundlag af disse etiske principper har Gruppen for Etik foreslaaet en raekke foranstaltninger, hvoraf kan naevnes: :

- Etableringen af et system til kontrol af idraetsudoevernes sundhed, navnlig gennem oprettelsen af en specialiseret laegelig og psykologisk hjaelpe- og informationstjeneste for idraetsudoevere.

- Vedtagelsen af et direktiv om beskyttelse af unge idraetsudoevere og isaer de, der haaber at goere professionel karriere.

- Vedtagelse af saerlige regler om beskyttelse af idraetsudoevere, saaledes at de anses for at vaere arbejdstagere udsat for specielle risici.

- Tilskyndelse til epidemiologisk forskning om idraetsudoeveres sundhed.

- Afholdelsen af konferencer om doping og idraetsudoeveres sundhed i samarbejde med idraetsbevaegelsen.

- Bevidstgoerelse af laerere, saaledes at de bliver opmaerksomme paa problematikken om den sportslige etik.

- En udvidelse af politisamarbejdet og det retlige samarbejde.

- Indsaettelse af bestemmelser om doping og om forbud mod doping i sportskontrakter.

- Vedtagelse af en faelles erklaering svarende til en adfaerdskodeks inden for idraetsverdenen til vedtagelse paa en europaeisk konference om dopingmisbruget inden for sport.

Kommissionen har med stor interesse laest den udtalelse, som den fik forelagt den 11. november 1999. Udtalelsen bekraefter nogle af de etiske principper som Kommissionen har forpligtet sig til at tage hensyn til ved udformningen af kommende foranstaltninger og i sine fremtidige overvejelser. De forslag, som Gruppen for etik har formuleret, vil endvidere blive analyseret med stor opmaerksomhed og vil kunne resultere i initiativer fra Kommissionen.

5. Et nyt partnerskab: Det Internationale Antidopingagentur

Faellesskabets deltagelse i oprettelsen af Det Internationale Antidopingagentur er et andet initiativ. Flere af de opgaver, som agenturet vil blive paalagt, ligger reelt inden for EF's kompetenceomraade. Det gaelder for eksempel beskyttelsen af folkesundheden, forskning og fri bevaegelighed for idraetsudoevere. Faellesskabets ungdoms- og uddannelsespolitik kan ogsaa foeres ud i livet gennem oplysningskampagner, der skal oege folks bevidsthed om problemet. Faellesskabet har saaledes en klar interesse i at involvere sig i oprettelsen af agenturet.

Agenturet skal danne ramme om et nyt partnerskab mellem den olympiske bevaegelse og myndighederne. Det er uomtvistet, at idraetsorganisationerne hverken har mulighed for eller er kompetente til at tackle dopingproblemet. Det er derfor noedvendigt, at det offentlige griber ind. En af de store fordele ved det kommende agentur er for oevrigt, at de to store aktoerer i kampen mod doping faar mulighed for at arbejde sammen. Endvidere er det noedvendigt, at alle beroerte aktoerer moralsk forpligter sig til at gennemfoere de beslutninger, som traeffes af agenturet, selv om de alene har samme status som EF-retlige henstillinger.

Den Europaeiske Union - medlemsstaterne og Kommissionen - har hele tiden haft den holdning, at agenturet i sit virke skal respektere princippet om uafhaengighed og aabenhed. Kommissionen kan i foerste omgang stoette oprettelsen af dette agentur, ogsaa selv om det skulle blive en privat selvejende institution. Efter Kommissionens opfattelse vil det imidlertid paa sigt vaere noedvendigt, at det bliver et offentligretligt agentur. Det vil til den tid vaere paakraevet at afholde en international konference. Men udviklingen af en slagkraftig dopingbekaempelse kan ikke afvente, at en saadan proces afsluttes.

Repraesentanterne for medlemsstaterne, for Kommissionen og for Europaraadet har under forberedelserne til agenturets oprettelse talt med én stemme for at sikre, at disse principper bliver respekteret. Det forberedende arbejde har isaer muliggjort, at de to parter sikres en ligelig repraesentation i det kommende agentur, og at vaesentlige afgoerelser traeffes med enstemmighed.

Paa baggrund af disse aftaler inviterede Den Internationale Olympiske Komité (IOC) Det Europaeiske Faellesskab til at deltage i oprettelsen af agenturet. IOC skrev i oktober 1999 til det fungerende formandskab for Raadet for Den Europaeiske Union og til formanden for Europa-Kommissionen og opfordrede dem til at fuldfoere etableringen af det Internationale Antidopingagentur og til at deltage i agenturet. IOC haaber, at agenturet, der blev oprettet den 10. november 1999, vil vaere fuldt funktionsdygtigt inden afviklingen af De Olympiske Lege i Sydney i september 2000.

Medlemsstaterne og Kommissionen har besluttet at tage denne opfordring op og at indlede forhandlinger med IOC. De synspunkter, som medlemsstaterne i enighed med Kommissionen har gjort gaeldende, har isaer angaaet princippet om agenturets uafhaengighed og aabenhed og en fastlaeggelse af agenturets opgaver: Under et moede, der blev afholdt den 2. november 1999, naaede IOC og Den Europaeiske Union til enighed om et udkast til vedtaegter for agenturet med foelgende praeciseringer:

- Teksten skal indeholde en praecisering af, at et politisk og moralsk engagement fra alle de beroerte parters side er af afgoerende betydning for agenturets aktiviteter.

- Agenturet har til opgave at vedtage og aendre listen over forbudte stoffer idet der tages udgangspunkt i den liste, som er udarbejdet af IOC's laegekomité.

- Agenturet vil vaere ansvarlig for godkendelsen af kontrollaboratorier og for harmoniseringen af kontrolmetoder.

- Agenturet skal organisere og forestaa koordineringen af kontrollen uden for konkurrencerne i et taet samarbejde med de internationale forbund og de beroerte offentlige myndigheder.

- Statslige organisationer og idraetsorganisationer skal vaere ligeligt repraesenterede i fondens bestyrelse, der er uafhaengig af enhver udefra kommende indflydelse, f.eks. i form af kommercielle interesser.

- Beslutninger af stor betydning traeffes i enstemmighed.

- Agenturets fondsbestyrelse traeffer saa hurtigt som muligt afgoerelse om agenturets endelige hjemsted under iagttagelse af objektivt fastsatte kriterier.

Agenturet har sit midlertidige hjemsted i Lausanne.

Paa grundlag af denne aftale, indgaaet med repraesentanter for Den Europaeiske Union og Europaraadet, har IOC ladet agenturets vedtaegter registrere i henhold til loven med henblik paa fondsbestyrelsens konstituering. Bestyrelsen vil faa til opgave at traeffe de foerste beslutninger navnlig om fastsaettelsen af udvaelgelseskriterierne for den by, hvor agenturet skal have sit permanente hjemsted.

I overgangsperioden, der varer indtil den 1. januar 2002, vil EU have to personligt udnaevnte repraesentanter i fondsbestyrelsen. Kommissionen deltager som observatoer. IOC vil i de to foerste aar staa for finansieringen af agenturet.

Faellesskabet har saaledes mulighed for, paa forslag fra Kommissionen, at traeffe en formel beslutning om sin fulde deltagelse i agenturets arbejde, herunder de finansielle aspekter. Med det for oeje, vil Kommissionen kunne begynde at forberede udarbejdelsen af et forslag til Parlamentet og Ministerraadet med henblik paa at formalisere Faellesskabets deltagelse i agenturets arbejde. Forslaget skal omfatte de noedvendige budgetmaessige overslag med henblik paa at Faellesskabet kan paatage sig de oekonomiske forpligtelser, som kommer til at paahvile de offentlige myndigheder, der sidder i bestyrelsen, og som vil begynde at loebe fra den 1. januar 2002. Den olympiske bevaegelse venter at modtage svar fra Faellesskabet senest den 30. juni 2001.

6. Mobilisering af faellesskabsinstrumenter

Den tredje af Kommissionens foranstaltninger til bekaempelse af doping bestaar i en mobilisering af faellesskabsinstrumenter. Man kan gaa to veje: Der kan dels ske bedre koordinering af foranstaltninger af retlig karakter, og dels kan der ske en mobilisering af de faellesskabsprogrammer, under hvilke der kan ydes stoette til egentlige antidopingforanstaltninger paa EU-plan.

I 1999 er der blevet afholdt 77 verdensmesterskaber og 102 europaeiske mesterskaber [5] i Europa. Hertil kommer, at antallet af europaeiske konkurrencer paa klubplan og deltagerantallet stiger fra aar til aar. Det betyder mange idraetsudoevere, som rejser - hvoraf hovedparten er professionelle - og som er interesserede i at faa noeje kendskab til dopingreglerne og konsekvenserne af en eventuel tilsidesaettelse af reglerne.

[5] Rapport fra Generalsekretaeren for De Europaeiske Olympiske Komitéer paa generalforsamlingen i Prag, den 12.-13. november 1999.

Det er derfor noedvendigt at sikre, at den europaeiske sportsverden er undergivet regler, der ikke hindrer den frie bevaegelighed, herunder isaer retten til fri udveksling af tjenesteydelser inden for den professionelle sport i Europa.

Hvis den kamp, der i dag foeres mod doping inden for sporten skal have varige konsekvenser og vaere effektiv, er det afgoerende at sikre, at kampen koordineres og at der skabes en reel synergi mellem de foranstaltninger, der ivaerksaettes af de forskellige aktoerer inden for deres respektive ansvarsomraader: idraetsbevaegelsen, staterne, de internationale organisationer, Den Europaeiske Union og det Internationale Antidopingagentur.

Den enkelte aktoer spiller hver sin rolle. Paa faellesskabsplan er det vigtigt at mobilisere EU's instrumenter til bekaempelse af doping. Flere af Faellesskabets politikker og instrumenter kan faktisk bidrage til dopingbekaempelsen. De foranstaltninger, der ivaerksaettes paa det grundlag, skal koordineres med de andre aktoerer, der er involveret i dopingbekaempelsen: Det Internationale Antidopingagentur, de nationale myndigheder og idraetsbevaegelsen. Bestraebelserne skal isaer vaere rettet mod:

- at styrke forskningen i dopingstoffer, metoder til afsloering af saadanne stoffer, de helbredsmaessige konsekvenser af doping og forskning i doping som et socio-oekonomisk faenomen

- at mobilisere uddannelses-, erhvervsuddannelses- og ungdomsprogrammerne til fordel for oplysning og uddannelse om doping, for at goere folk mere bevidste om dopingproblemerne, og for at forebygge doping

- at udnytte de muligheder, som programmerne om politisamarbejdet og det retlige samarbejde giver

- at styrke informationen om dopingstofferne

- at udvikle foranstaltninger inden for den offentlige sundhedspolitik.

Alle disse foranstaltninger boer give anledning til, at der sker en mobilisering af faellesskabsinstrumenter, saaledes som det fremgaar af bilag 1.

Konklusion

Europa har altid vaeret primus motor paa den internationale sportsarena. Det er landene i Den Europaeiske Union, som hvert afholder stoerstedelen af de sportslige begivenheder. EU boer derfor paatage sig et saerligt ansvar for bekaempelsen af doping, der er en alvorlig trussel mod sporten og dens trovaerdighed, idet der er tale om et faenomen, der "bringer sportsudoevernes sundhed i fare, forvansker konkurrencerne, oedelaegger sportens anseelse, navnlig blandt de unge, og undergraver sportens etiske dimension", som det blev understreget i Parlamentets beslutning [6].

[6] Ibid. 2.

Faellesskabets aktioner boer styrke og stimulere de foranstaltninger, der er truffet af de nationale myndigheder og af idraetsorganisationerne. De boer mobilisere faellesskabsinstrumenter til fordel for dopingbekaempelsen. Med den foreslaaede stoetteplan, imoedekommer Kommissionen saaledes de opfordringer, der er blevet fremsat af Det Europaeiske Raad, Europa-Parlamentet og Regionsudvalget. For at sikre kontinuiteten paa dette omraade vil Kommissionen hvert andet aar offentliggoere en beretning om resultaterne af de aktioner, som er ivaerksat paa faellesskabsplan og paa nationalt plan, samt om udviklingen i anvendelsen af doping.

Endelig vil Kommissionen bestraebe sig paa at aktionerne koordineres med Europaraadet. Kommissionen vil isaer overveje muligheden for at rette henstilling til Raadet i henhold til EF-traktatens artikel 300 med henblik paa, at Faellesskabet tilslutter sig den europaeiske antidopingkonvention [7].

[7] Ibid. 4.

Kommissionen vil ogsaa arbejde taet sammen med de andre internationale partnere, der er involveret i kampen mod doping.

Kommissionen, der noterer sig den udtalelse, som Den Europaeiske Gruppe vedroerende Etik har afgivet om dopingbekaempelsen, er indstillet paa at yde sit bidrag til, at Det Internationale Antidopingagentur faar held med sit arbejde og til at gennemfoere Faellesskabsplanen til bekaempelse af doping.

Med denne meddelelse mener Kommissionen at imoedekomme anmodningerne fra de oevrige institutioner. Kommissionen oensker ligeledes at leve op til de forventninger, som borgerne i Europa har og for hvem, sporten spiller en central rolle. Europa har traditionelt indtaget en vigtig plads i sporten paa verdensplan. Europa har ogsaa vaeret banebrydende inden for dopingbekaempelse. Faellesskabsaktionen skal styrke og stoette denne kamp mod doping, saa sporten kan genfinde sin egentlige etiske dimension og styrke de sportslige vaerdier, hvorefter sporten er en samfundsintegrerende faktor, bidrager til at forbedre folkesundheden og fungerer som en skole for livet.

Bilag 1

Udarbejdet den 19.11.99

Faellesskabsforanstaltninger til bekaempelse af doping

Hvis de bestraebelser der i dag udfoldes for at bekaempe doping inden for sporten, skal vaere effektiv og have blivende virkning, er det afgoerende at sikre, at der foregaar en koordinering, og at der skabes en reel synergi mellem de foranstaltninger, der ivaerksaettes af de forskellige aktoerer inden for deres respektive ansvarsomraader: idraetsbevaegelsen, staterne, de internationale organisationer, Den Europaeiske Union og Det Internationale Antidopingagentur.

Den enkelte aktoer spiller en afgoerende rolle. Paa faellesskabsplan er det vigtigt, at Den Europaeiske Unions aktionsmuligheder mobiliseres til fordel for bekaempelsen af doping. I Kommissionens meddelelse til Raadet og Europa-Parlamentet om Den Europaeiske Unions handlingsplan for bekaempelse af narkotikamisbrug (2000 - 2004) [8], omtales doping f.eks. som en trussel, der skal bekaempes. Flere af faellesskabets politikker og instrumenter kan faktisk bidrage til dopingbekaempelsen. Bestraebelserne vil isaer vaere rettet mod:

[8] KOM (1999) 239

1. En styrkelse af forskningen i dopingstoffer, metoder til afsloering af saadanne stoffer og de helbredsmaessige konsekvenser af doping.

Faellesskabets indsats paa forskningsomraadet har allerede gennem flere aar aktivt bidraget til at bekaempe doping inden for sporten. Rammeprogrammet [9] giver ikke blot mulighed for at etablere et samarbejde mellem kompetente forskningsenheder inden for EU men ogsaa med andre regioner i verden, hvilket kan ske i henhold til videnskabelige og teknologiske samarbejdsaftaler.

[9] Europa-Parlamentets og Raadets afgoerelse 182/1999/EF om femte rammeprogram for Det Europaeiske Faellesskabs indsats inden for forskning teknologisk udvikling og demonstration (1998-2002).

- forskning er et afgoerende instrument i bekaempelsen af doping, isaer fordi:

- doping er et socio-oekonomisk faenomen, der langt fra er af marginal betydning, men beroerer et stort antal professionelle sportsfolk og amatoersportsfolk

- trovaerdigheden af de beslutninger og retningslinier, der vedtages - herunder fordoemmelsen af dem, der snyder - afhaenger af, at der findes et velfungerende system til afsloering af misbruget (fra proeveudtagning til indberetning af resultaterne)

- moderne dopingteknikker hele tiden udvikler sig og udnytter den nyeste viden inden for det medicinske og farmakologiske omraade

- de helbredsmaessige virkninger af anvendelsen af dopingstoffer endnu ikke kendes.

- Der er imidlertid behov for forbedringer. De videnskabelige kriterier for doping, strukturerne for dopingkontrollen og de fremskridt, der sker inden for forskningen i dopingstoffer, varierer fra land til land. Med disse forskelle landene imellem er det ikke muligt at daemme op for anvendelsen af doping. Forskellene kan endog goere det lettere at anvende doping. Stillet overfor dette socio-oekonomiske faenomen, der er i hurtig udvikling, kan de traditionelle strukturer til regulering af sporten, ikke laengere basere sig paa utilstraekkelige videnskabelige redskaber. Ud over en reform af strukturerne, vil en mere maalrettet forskningsindsats, der er koordineret paa EU-plan, give mulighed for en mere sammenhaengende og effektiv bekaempelse af doping.

- For oejeblikket er der inden for det femte rammeprogram to specifikke temaer, der omfatter aktiviteter af relevans for bekaempelsen af doping: programmerne "konkurrence- og baeredygtig vaekst" og "forbedring af livskvalitet". Der er tre hovedopgaver:

i) udarbejdelsen af metoder og instrumenter til afsloering og maaling af kritiske stoffer

ii) udviklingen af et samarbejde mellem antidoping laboratorier og uddannelse af deres teknikere

iii) forstaaelse for langtidsvirkningerne af doping for den enkelte.

- Visse aspekter boer uddybes. Den Internationale Olympiske Komité (IOC) har saaledes inden for rammerne af et EF-forskningsprogram opstillet en liste over prioriterede forskningsomraader under det femte rammeprogram, og som vedroerer udviklingen af grundlaeggende medicinsk viden og af maaleteknikker [10].

[10] Europa-Kommissionen, generaldirektoratet for forskning - Programmet for standardisering, maaling og proevning, "Harmonising the way and means of fighting against doping in sport (HARDOP)" - endelig rapport om projekt SMT4-1998-6530.

Forskning af laegelig og fysiologisk karakter (programmet "Forbedring af livskvalitet")

- styrkelse af det videnskabelige grundlag til analysering af hvilke sundhedsmaessige risici, der er knyttet til anvendelsen af dopingstoffer, herunder de socio-oekonomiske og psykologiske aspekter

- udviklingen af metoder til forebyggelse af og kontrol med anvendelsen af dopingstoffer

- fysiologiske aendringer som foelge af anvendelsen af visse stoffer, hvorved stofferne lettere kan afsloeres saerlige aendringer i visse blodparametre (sporstoffer) og en aendring af definitionen af dopingbegrebet for tillade deres anvendelse

- paavisning af om laegemidler/farmaceutiske stoffer/medicinalvarer har en eventuel dopingeffekt, i samarbejde med medicinalindustrien (videnskabelig overvaagning af doping).

Forskning af maaleteknisk art (programmet konkurrence- og baeredygtig vaekst)

- nye metoder og instrumenter til maaling og til afsloering af stoffer med henblik paa en hurtigere, mere trovaerdig og mere oekonomisk maaling af forbudte stoffer

- redskaber til kvalitetskontrol og referencestoffer til anvendelse af antidoping laboratorier

- systemer til identifikation og beskyttelse af proever

- mobile laboratorier og kompatible instrumenter

- analytiske databaser til karakterisering af stoffer.

- Endvidere vil en indsats til stoette for etableringen af infrastrukturer inden for forskningen (tema 3 under det femte rammeprogram "konkurrence- og baeredygtig vaekst") kunne bidrage til, at der for laboratorier og instanser med ansvar for dopingbekaempelse kan udarbejdes de fornoedne regelsaet, som vil kunne anerkendes af politi og domstole i de forskellige lande. Laboratoriernes oegede videnskabelige og tekniske trovaerdighed vil give dem mulighed for at indgaa i et samarbejde med andre sektorer (apoteker, politiet, toldmyndigheder etc.). En saadan indsats har navnlig til formaal

- at hjaelpe antidoping laboratorier, der soeger at blive godkendt ifoelge ISO 17025-normen eller at faa en ISO 9001-certificering

- at stoette uddannelsen af laboratoriernes tekniske og administrative personale og af proeveindsamlere, saaledes at de kan godkendes til at udfoere tvaernationale kontroller og til at deltage i tvaerfaglige hold

- at udvikle og organisere et system med mobile proeveudtagnings- og kontrolenheder af hoej kvalitet

- at udvikle testsystemer mellem laboratorier, som lever op til kravet om sporbarhed

- at etablere banker indeholdende stoffer og referencematerialer

Det femte rammeprogram for indsatsen inden for forskning, teknologisk udvikling og demonstration (1998-2002) kan ogsaa omfatte forskning i de psykologiske og socio-oekonomiske forhold, der er forbundet med anvendelsen af doping hos professionelle sportsfolk og amatoersportsfolk, under temaet "forbedring af livskvalitet og forvaltning af de levende ressourcer", og saerligt under forskning i folkesundhed og forskning inden for sundhedssektoren.

2. En mobilisering af uddannelses-, erhvervsuddannelses- og ungdomsprogrammerne til fordel for oplysning og uddannelse om doping, der skal goere folk bevidste om dopingproblemerne, og til forebyggelse af doping.

Kommissionens programmer inden for ungdom, almen uddannelse og erhvervsuddannelse kan yde et vigtigt bidrag til dopingbekaempelsen, isaer med hensyn til bevidstgoerelse, forebyggelse samt uddannelse og oplysning. Det gaelder hovedsagelig Leonardo- og Socrates-programmerne og Faellesskabets fremtidige handlingsprogram for unge. Selv om bekaempelsen af doping ikke er programmernes egentlige maalsaetning, kan de yde et ikke ubetydeligt indirekte bidrag, forudsat at projekter, der indgives, opfylder programmernes maalsaetninger og kriterier.

Socrates-programmet [11], der er Den Europaeiske Unions handlingsprogram for samarbejde paa uddannelsesomraadet, har til formaal at fremme det tvaernationale samarbejde og at forbedre undervisningens kvalitet gennem indgaaelse af tvaernationale partnerskaber. Leonardo-programmet [12] er handlingsprogrammet til gennemfoerelse af en erhvervsuddannelsespolitik i Det Europaeiske Faellesskab. Endelig omhandler det fremtidige EF-handlingsprogram for unge [13] samarbejdspolitikken paa ungdomsomraadet, herunder volontoertjeneste og udvekslinger af unge inden for Faellesskabet og med tredjelande.

[11] Europa-Parlamentets og Raadets afgoerelse nr. 819/95/EF af 14. marts 1995 om ivaerksaettelsen af Faellesskabets handlingsprogram SOCRATES - EFT L 87 af 20.04.1995, s. 10.Faelles holdning (EF) nr. 6/1999 fastlagt af Raadet den 21. december 1998 med henblik paa vedtagelse af Europa-Parlamentets og Raadets afgoerelse nr. .../1999/EF om ivaerksaettelse af anden fase af Faellesskabets handlingsprogram for almen uddannelse - EFT C 49 af 22.02.1999, s. 42 - 64.

[12] Raadets afgoerelse 94/819/EF af 6. december 1994 om et handlingsprogram for gennemfoerelsen af en erhvervsuddannelsespolitik i Det Europaeiske Faellesskab "Leonardo da Vinci" - EFT L 340 af 29.12.1994, s. 8 - 24. Raadets afgoerelse af 26. april 1999 om ivaerksaettelse af anden fase af Faellesskabets handlingsprogram for erhvervsuddannelse "Leonardo da Vinci" - EFT L 146 af 11.6.1999, s. 33 - 47.

[13] Faelles holdning (EF) nr. 22/1999 fastlagt af Raadet den 28. juni 1999 med henblik paa vedtagelsen af Europa-Parlamentets og Raadets afgoerelse nr. .../1999/EF om oprettelse af EF-handlingsprogrammet for unge - EFT C 210 af 22.07.1999, 1-33.

Disse 3 programmer kan samtidig med opfyldelsen af de generelle maalsaetninger yde et ikke ubetydeligt bidrag til kampen mod doping. EF-handlingsprogrammet for unge er et godt eksempel. Formaalet med programmet er:

a) at fremme de unges aktive bidrag til de europaeiske integrationsbestraebelser gennem deltagelse i tvaernationale udvekslinger

b) at styrke de unges solidaritetsfoelelse ved i hoejere grad at lade dem deltage i tvaernationale, almennyttige aktiviteter

c) at fremme de unges initiativ, ivaerksaetteraand og kreativitet, saaledes at de kan deltage aktivt i samfundslivet

d) at styrke samarbejdet paa ungdomsomraadet ved at fremme udvekslingen af god praksis, uddannelsen af ungdomskonsulenter/-ledere og udviklingen af nyskabende aktioner paa faellesskabsniveau.

Programmet bidrager ligeledes til gennemfoerelsen af maal inden for andre relevante omraader af faellesskabspolitikken.

Programmets maal gennemfoeres ved hjaelp af 5 aktioner:

- Ungdom for Europa: udvekslinger af unge inden for Faellesskabet og udvekslinger af unge med tredjelande

- Europaeisk volontoertjeneste: Europaeisk volontoertjeneste inden for Faellesskabet og Europaeisk volontoertjeneste i tredjelande

- ungdomsinitiativer

- faelles aktioner

- supplerende foranstaltninger: Uddannelse og samarbejde for personer, der er involveret i ungdomspolitik, information af unge og undersoegelser paa ungdomsomraadet samt stoetteforanstaltninger.

Dopingbekaempelsen kan indgaa som et element i disse aktioner. Uddannelsen af ungdomsledere, udvekslinger af unge idraetsudoevere, initiativer til fordel for unge m.v. er omraader, hvor det er muligt at udvikle aktioner til bekaempelse af doping i relation til uddannelse, information, bevidstgoerelse og forebyggelse. Det bidrag, som programmet for unge kan yde til bekaempelsen af doping, kan - ligesom det er tilfaeldet for Leonardo- og Socrates-programmet - kun vaere indirekte og er grundlaeggende afhaengig af, at flere unge sportsinteresserede deltager i uformelle uddannelsesprojekter, der opfylder de maal og kriterier, der fremgaar af det nye program. Det kan kun ske ved, at flere sports- og idraetsforeninger deltager i programmets aktiviteter.

Desuden gennemfoerer Generaldirektoratet for uddannelse og kultur, uden for rammerne af disse programmer, en informationskampagne med henblik paa at goere alle sportsfolk mere bevidste om problemet.

Endelig vil Kommissionen, ved at udnytte sine gunstige relationer til idraetsverdenen og myndighederne med ansvar for sport, isaer styrke dopingbekaempelsen ved:

- at fremme informationsudvekslingen mellem de ansvarlige inden for sporten og ved at udbrede kendskabet til god praksis

- at fremme en tilnaermelse af lovgivningerne og deres gennemfoerelse, og af idraetsforbundenes regler og praksis. Det vil ske med respekt for den kompetence, som besiddes af de beroerte partnere: staterne og idraetsbevaegelsen. En foelgegruppe for dopingbekaempelse, bestaaende af repraesentanter for medlemsstaterne og idraetsbevaegelsen, vil blive etableret for regelmaessigt at foelge processen og for at fremme informationsudvekslingen.

Det Internationale Antidopingagentur kommer til at spille en afgoerende rolle i gennemfoerelsen af de naevnte maal.

3. En udnyttelse af de muligheder, som programmerne om politisamarbejdet og det retlige samarbejde giver

Bekaempelsen af doping i Den Europaeiske Union kraever et oeget samarbejde inden for politisamarbejdet og det retlige samarbejde, mellem politifolk, toldere og andre myndigheder, med ansvar for retshaandhaevelse og retsvaesenet. Inden for rammerne af Oisin-programmet [14] (program for udveksling og uddannelse af samt samarbejde mellem de retshaandhaevende myndigheder) og Grotius-programmet [15] (et tilskyndelses- og udvekslingsprogram for aktoererne inden for retsvaesenet) og eventuelle fremtidige programmer vil der kunne ivaerksaettes foelgende aktionstyper: specifikke uddannelser, bevidstgoerelseskampagner, forbedret informations udveksling, udvekslings- og uddannelsesprogrammer og afholdelsen af moeder.

[14] Faelles aktion 97/12/RIA af 20. december 1996 vedtaget af Raadet paa grundlag af artikel K.3 i traktaten om Den Europaeiske Union, vedroerende et rammeprogram for udveksling og uddannelse af samt samarbejde mellem de retshaandhaevende myndigheder (Oisin) - EFT L 7 af 10.01.1997, s. 5 - 8.

[15] Faelles aktion 96/636/RIA af 28. oktober 1996 vedtaget af Raadet paa grundlag af artikel K.3 i traktaten om Den Europaeiske Union, vedroerende et tilskyndelses- og udvekslingsprogram for aktoererne inden for retsvaesenet (Grotius) - EFT L 287 af 08.11.1996, s. 3-6.

4. En styrkelse af informationen om dopingstofferne

Den liste over forbudte stoffer, som er fastsat af IOC, indgaar som en integreret del af Europaraadets europaeiske konvention om antidoping [16]. Visse farmaceutiske specialiteter indeholder stoffer, der er opfoert paa denne liste.

[16] Europaraadet - europaeiske traktater - ETS-135.

Paa faellesskabsplan fastsaetter Raadets direktiv 92/27/EOEF af 31. marts 1992 [17] betingelser vedroerende etikettering af og indlaegssedler til humanmedicinske laegemidler. I visse medlemsstater fremgaar det af indlaegssedlerne for visse specialiteter, at den paagaeldende specialitet indeholder aktive stoffer, der i en dopingtest kan give en positiv reaktion.

[17] EFT L 113, 01.05.1993, s. 8. - 12.

Direktivet giver ogsaa mulighed for anvendelsen af en saadan fremgangsmaade, hvis "en saerlig advarsel ... er noedvendig for det paagaeldende laegemiddel". Det er imidlertid ikke alle medlemsstater, der goer brug af denne mulighed.

Af direktivets artikel 12 fremgaar, at Kommissionen om noedvendigt udarbejder retningslinjer vedroerende isaer formuleringen af visse saerlige advarsler i forbindelse med bestemte kategorier af laegemidler.

Med henblik paa at farmaceutiske specialiteter, der indeholder forbudte stoffer, forsynes med bedre oplysninger, foreslaar Kommissionen, at der indledes droeftelser med medlemsstaterne om dette spoergsmaal, isaer inden for rammerne af de kommende moeder i laegemiddeludvalget.

5. En udvikling af foranstaltninger inden for den offentlige sundheds politik

Den massive stigning i anvendelsen af doping, der har fundet sted paa det seneste, er nu ogsaa blevet et problem for folkesundheden. Artikel 152 maa i den forbindelse give mulighed for i hoejere grad at samordne medlemsstaternes politikker til bekaempelse af doping inden for sporten. Kommissionen har derfor planer om at fremlaegge et forslag til Raadets henstilling vedroerende forebyggelse af doping inden for sporten og isaer inden for amatoersporten, under henvisning til traktatens artikel 152.

Henstillingen har som sin primaere maalsaetning, at medlemsstaterne - med henblik paa at sikre et hoejere sundhedsbeskyttelsesniveau i forbindelse med at man forebygger anvendelsen af doping blandt sportsfolk og isaer blandt amatoersportsfolk - fremmer sport som en sund livsstil, hvor man goer opmaerksom paa fordelene ved at udoeve sport og paa de helbredsmaessige og etiske konsekvenser af at anvende doping.

Ifoelge forslaget til henstilling vil medlemsstaterne - med henblik paa at lette og fremme udoevelsen af en sport uden anvendelsen af dopingstoffer eller -metoder - blive opfordret til:

a) at oege traenernes bevidsthed om problemet og at uddanne dem, saa de kan gaa ind i forebyggelsesarbejdet, og at forsyne dem forebyggelsesredskaber

b) at lade forebyggelse mod doping indgaa i den grundlaeggende og den videregaaende uddannelse for laeger og andet sundhedspersonale og at stille de noedvendige ressourcer til deres raadighed, saa de kan paatage sig en forebyggende rolle

c) at tilskynde sportsklubber, skoler og universiteter, kommunale vaeresteder og sundhedscentre til at udarbejde forebyggelsesprogrammer

d) at fremme sportsudoevernes aktive deltagelse, ved at de undervises og informeres af andre sportsudoevere og ved at laegge vaegt paa holdets rolle i sporten

e) at informere foraeldre om de risici, der er forbundet med doping og at opfordre dem til at laere deres boern grundlaeggende vaerdier som et godt helbred, fair play og holdfoelelse

f) at integrere forebyggelse af doping i deres generelle programmer til forebyggelse af narkotikamisbrug og i deres sundhedsprogrammer

g) at traeffe hensigtsmaessige foranstaltninger til at undgaa overdreven traening og for mange konkurrencer, der indebaerer, at der ikke bliver tilstraekkelig tid til at hvile, og som kan foere til doping.

Endvidere vil medlemsstaterne blive opfordret til - for at faa et bedre kendskab til sportsudoeveres anvendelse af doping og hensigtsmaessige forebyggelsesmetoder - at fremme og foelge den forskning, der udfoeres paa dette omraade, under hensyntagen til henstillinger og forskning paa EF-plan og paa internationalt plan.

Endelig vil det vaere en god ide, at medlemsstaterne udarbejder rapporter om de foranstaltninger, de vedtager og gennemfoerer paa det omraade, der er omfattet af henstillingen, for dermed at bidrage til skabelsen af en sammenhaengende ramme for forebyggelse af doping blandt sportsfolk, og at de informerer Kommissionen om disse foranstaltninger efter en periode paa tre aar at regne fra henstillingens vedtagelse, med angivelse af hvordan der i de omtalte foranstaltninger er taget hensyn til henstillingen.

I henstillingen opfordres Kommissionen til:

- at udarbejde en rapport om den epidemiologiske forekomst af doping blandt sportsfolk i hele Faellesskabet, og om hvilke omstaendigheder, der foerer til anvendelse af doping.

- at fremme forskningen i, hvilken virkning forskellige programmer og strategier har for forebyggelsen af doping blandt sportsfolk og hvor effektive programmerne og strategierne er.

- at fastsaette retningslinjer vedroerende udarbejdelsen, gennemfoerelsen og evalueringen af forebyggelsesprogrammer og -strategier

- at stoette og koordinere udvekslingen af forebyggelsesprogrammer og -aktiviteter mellem laeger og andet sundhedspersonale samt personer, der beskaeftiger sig med idraet i medlemsstaterne og mellem sundheds- og sportscentre.

- at sikre en opfoelgning af de omraader, der er omfattet af henstillingen, med henblik paa at revidere og ajourfoere henstillingen og inden for en frist paa 5 aar at udarbejde en rapport, hvori der tages hensyn til medlemsstaternes rapporter og de seneste videnskabelige oplysninger og raad.

Den nye handlingsplan om folkesundhed, som der fremsaettes forslag om inden laenge, vil goere det muligt at fokusere paa foranstaltninger til bekaempelse af doping paa tvaers af de tre centrale aktivitetsomraader.

Faellesskabets handlingsprogram vedroerende forebyggelse af narkotikamisbrug og Faellesskabets handlingsprogram for sundhedsfremme, sundhedsoplysning, sundhedsundervisning og sundhedsuddannelse som led i indsatsen inden for folkesundhed har allerede bidraget til bekaempelsen af narkotikamisbruget isaer ved at tilskynde medlemsstaterne til at samarbejde, ved at stoette deres aktioner og ved at fremme en koordinering af deres politikker og programmer. Disse to programmer kan bidrage til, at der fremtiden laegges mere vaegt paa oplysning, undervisning og uddannelse med henblik paa at forebygge doping og de deraf foelgende risici, isaer for de unge.

+++++

Bilag 2

Den Etiske Gruppes mening om de etiske aspekter vedroerende bekaempelse af doping inden for sport

Opinion of the European Group on Ethics

in Science and New Technologies (EGE)

on the « Ethical Aspects arising from Doping in Sport »

Chairperson's note : This Opinion is submitted at the present time because of its topical nature. In addition, in a few weeks time, we shall be making available materials which presents the overall context of doping in sport and the related ethical debate.

The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE),

Having regard to the request for an Opinion by the European Commission of 22 April 1999 on doping in sport,

Having regard to the Treaty on European Community, and in particular its Title XIII and Article 152 on public health and its Title III and Article 39 on free movement of persons, services and capital,

Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular its declaration on sport adopted by the Conference,

Having regard to the Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work,

Having regard to the Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work,

Having regard to the Presidency conclusions of the December 1998 Vienna Council on doping in sport,

Having regard to the Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States of 3 December 1990 on Community action to combat the use of drugs, including the abuse of medicinal products, particularly in sport,

Having regard to the Declaration by the Council and the Ministers for Health of the Member States, meeting within the Council of 4 June 1991 on action to combat the use of drugs, including the abuse of medicinal products, in sport,

Having regard to the Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States on a code of conduct against doping in sport adopted in 1992,

Having regard to the European Parliament Resolution of 17 December 1998 on urgent measures to be taken against doping in sport,

Having regard to the European Parliament Resolution of 13 April 1999 on criminal procedures in the European Union,

Having regard to the Final declaration of the informal meeting of Ministers in January 1999 in Bad Godesberg,

Having regard to the Council Presidency conclusions of the informal meeting of the Sport Ministers on 31 May to 2 June 1999 in Paderborn,

Having regard to the Commission staff working paper "The development and prospects for Community action in the field of sport" of 29 September 1998

Having regard to the European Commission "non paper" "The fight against doping in sport : options for European Union action" of 12 January 1999,

Having regard to the DG X (Information, Communication, Culture, Audiovisual) consultation document "The European model of sport" of November 1998,

Having regard to national regulations and opinions expressed by national ethical bodies within the European Union on doping in sport,

Having regard to the Council of Europe Anti-doping Convention adopted on 16 November 1989 and to the further extensive work deriving from it,

Having regard to the Council of Europe's European Charter on Sport of 24 September 1992 and its Recommendation R(92)14 on the Code of Sporting Ethics, the purpose of which is to ensure that safe and healthy sport, accessible to all, is practised at all levels,

Having regard to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the General Assembly on 20 November 1989,

Having regard to the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997,

Having regard to the Lausanne declaration on doping in sport adopted by the World Conference on Doping in Sport on 4 February 1999,

Having regard to the hearing held on 21 September 1999 by the EGE, with experts, representatives of the European Institutions and of interest groups (health, sport federations, industry, religions),

Having heard the rapporteurs.

THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SPORT

2.1 Transformation of sporting activities and the values in sport

There is an urgent need for policy to take into account the profound change that has taken place in sport in this century due to the influences of growing economic interests and of the mass media on an increasingly global scale. These influences have accelerated medical and technological developments in sport and related industries as well as increased the pressure put on the sports person. As a result, all action concerning doping must take into consideration, in accordance with this change, the realisation that today performance and victory prevail over competition and participation.

The Group thus intends to stress the tension that exists between anti doping measures and an unlimited demand for enhanced performance.

DEFINITIONS

2.2 Scope of the Opinion

This Opinion applies directly to professional or semi-professional competitive sport. It may apply to amateur sport, as the frontier between amateur and professional sport today is becoming increasingly blurred. The Opinion applies only indirectly to "sport for all" (or recreational sport).

2.3 Defining doping in sport

For the purpose of this Opinion, the Group proposes to define doping as «the use of substances, dosages or methods with the intention of enhancing sporting performance, which are banned mainly because they may have a harmful effect on sportsmen/women's health and which may compromise the generally accepted conditions of fair play».

ETHICAL APPROACH

2.4 Ethical approach to doping in sport

The demands that society places on sport cannot be reduced merely to seeking high performance and economic financial gain for sportsmen/women, sport associations and the media. Sporting activities, even professional and semi-professional sport, relate to ethical values, in particular, fair play. Sporting activities are also based on a social compact, justifying the idea that sport is regarded as socially meaningful, valuable and as a cultural good.

2.5 Fundamental European ethical principles in the fight against doping.

All measures taken at EU level should seek to prevent and to combat doping, as well as to promote the health of sportsmen/women, and should take into consideration several ethical principles which are central to the fight against doping. These include:

· protection of health and safety of citizens, which includes sportsmen/women;

· integrity and transparency, which requires guaranteeing the honesty of sports events and the outlawing of cheating;

· protection of vulnerable persons, especially children;

· dignity of the sportspersons and freedom from exploitation.

2.6 Rights and obligations of sportsmen/women

The rights and obligations of sportsmen/women, which are important in the context of an ethical approach to doping in sport, relate mainly to the following:

· autonomy which implies that the sportsman/woman can make use of his/her body freely;

· information about what kind of substances, methods and risks are involved;

· competition under fair conditions, based on equality of access to competition;

· protection from any kind of exploitation linked to economic interests which could seriously limit the autonomy of the sportsman/woman;

· participation in the implementation of ethical rules in sport;

· participation in decision-making processes in the various sports concerned, with the aim of informing the sportsmen/women about risks, advantages, forms of medicalization and how rules are defined with regard to controls and sanctions.

2.7 Shared responsibilities and obligations of sports associations and sportsmen/women

Certain obligations are associated with the rights linked to sporting activities. Such obligations include fair competition which means respect for the rules set down. Fairness not only demands that all sportsmen/women understand and respect such mutually recognized rules, but also requires that the sports associations (regional, national, european, international federations as well as clubs) create conditions which ensure that the sportsmen/women are able to respect those rules.

The sports associations at all levels, including International Federations (IFs) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), should actively promote sports ethics given their global power and their financial resources. They must provide sportsmen/women with information on what kind of substances, methods and risks are involved with a particular sporting activity.

The right that sportsmen/women have to this information, and the duty of both parties to adhere to anti-doping rules, should be laid down in their contracts. Both parties should be liable to sanctions.

HEALTH ISSUES AND MEDICAL ETHICS

2.8 Sports medicine and ethics

The application of medicine in sports implies specific responsibilities for those who are involved (doctors, trainers, masseurs, psychologists, pharmacists, etc.) in that they exercise considerable influence on the sportsman/woman.

Even if it is generally accepted that the sports physician does not have a solely preventive and/or therapeutic function, because he/she follows the sportsman/woman's training, he/she nevertheless must scrupulously respect the ethical principles of his/her profession and specifically the preservation of the sportsman/woman's health.

Even in the EU member states where sports medicine is not recognised as a speciality, as it is in four EU countries (Austria, Finland, Italy, Portugal), the EU should contribute towards further training courses in sports medicine and in general medical education.

The EU should also encourage the Member States, including financially, to organize campaigns to raise awareness in educational institutions about the problems of health and medicine in sport.

Moreover, it is important that the EU encourages consultation between all parties involved, especially organisations of medical practitioners directly associated with the sports movement, with the aim of promoting the drafting of a code of good practice in sports medicine.

2.9 Doping prevention and healthcare surveillance

The fight against doping cannot be limited to being repressive and can only be successful if all parties involved are interested and make every effort possible to combat doping and promote health in sport. This is the most desirable solution, considering the difficulties faced by previous attempts by the sports movements to prevent and to control doping.

Consequently, the main focus should be on the sportsman/woman's health and on guaranteeing consistent overall medical care. In this context, the Group recommends the setting up of a service of specialized medical, psychological and informational support for sportsmen/women which would be voluntary, non-binding and free of charge. This would allow sportsmen/women to have their health evaluated wherever necessary.

The European Agency on the Evaluation of Medicinal Products EMEA should be involved in evaluating the effects of doping on the physical and psychological health of sportsmen/women. It should also be involved in issuing drug-warnings to athletes, directly accessible on the Internet.

Special attention must be paid to new drugs which could be used as doping products, especially drugs derived from genetic technologies which may be less detectable.

Furthermore, specific clauses on the protection of sportspersons should be introduced, in so far as they are workers exposed to particular occupational hazards, into appropriate Community texts on the health and safety of workers.

2.10 Vulnerable Groups

Taking into account the growing number of children and adolescents involved in top-level training methods and in sporting activities and the pressures exercised on them, measures to preserve their health and to protect their autonomy must be strengthened.

Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to manipulation and exploitation, including by doping. Psychological pressure, long training hours and demanding sponsoring contracts can be considered analogous to child labour. In order to protect the childrens' physical and psychological health, sporting activities at top-level should be governed by rules similar to those applied to children "at work". Such rules refer to the principles of the UN Convention on the Protection of Children of 1990 and also to the EU Directive of June 1994 on the protection of young people at work, mentioned above.

Apart from their protection as "children at work", children and adolescents have to be fully informed about the risks and dangers arising from their activities, so that they can themselves also take a decision on their sporting activities. In this respect, there is a specific duty by the federations to inform the parents about those risks and dangers.

Furthermore, it is equally important to help the parents of young sportspersons assume the particular responsibilities which require them to preserve the health of their children, to assist their children in developing their autonomy, and fostering their personal enrichment.

A directive should be elaborated on the protection of children and adolescents in sport, notably those who aspire to become professional or semi-professional.

DOPING DETECTION

2.11 Qualitative and quantitative approaches to doping

Only establishing a single list of prohibited substance for all kinds of sports is misconceived in view of the need to safeguard sportsman/woman's health and in this manner defining what should or should not be considered as doping. The Group advocates a more science-based approach, which takes account not only of certain substances according to their specific nature, but also to the allowed dosage of associated medical substances which may interact to jeopardise the health of the sportsman/woman. This should be based on up-to-date scientific knowledge.

A European laboratory of reference should be established to act as a coordinator of a European-wide network of licenced high quality laboratories.

In the perspective of an extension of the European Agency on the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA)'s competences, it is recommended that the Agency also be given competency to draw up and publish information on pharmaceuticals, registered in Member States, which are susceptible to being used for performance enhancement and hence for doping purposes.

2.12 The control of doping and the principle of the separation of functions

Without compromising the autonomy of the sporting associations, it is important that the principle of independent judgement is respected in the carrying out of anti-doping measures, in order to avoid a conflict of interest, which can arise when the same bodies act as both judges and parties.

It follows from this principle that the sporting associations, notably the federations, cannot be the only ones to carry out anti-doping controls. For one thing, these controls are insufficient if they are limited to times of competition. Furthermore, the federations, for whom the essential goal is to obtain from their athletes the best possible results, cannot alone be responsible for controlling practices which have as their exact goal the achievement of ever-better performance. There is therefore a need for an external and independent system of control.

This system should provide for random controls, during, as well as outside competitions.

2.13 The control of doping as regards police and judicial cooperation

Police and judicial cooperation, provided for in the 3rd Pillar of the EU Treaty, should be established at the EU level in the area of the fight against doping.

In the mean time, the Commission interservice group on drugs should have an enlarged mandate to deal with drugs uses for doping in sport.

Special attention should be paid to the use of the Internet as a means to traffic in drugs for the purpose of doping in sport.

WORLD AGENCY

2.14 A World Agency to combat doping in sport

Efforts initiated by the IOC to establish a World Agency to combat doping in sport address the need to guarantee an external and independent dimension to the fight against doping.

However, the viability of such an agency is dependent on certain conditions which are indispensible to its credibility and effectiveness.

These conditions are:

· A statute of independence: To guarantee the agency's independence, representatives of the sports movement, including sportsmen/women, should not have the majority of responsibility over the management of the agency. Representatives of public bodies should constitute at least 50 percent of the membership of the agency and its executive board.

· Transparency and accountability: The agency's work should remain as transparent as possible, through measures such as: the publishing of an annual report; the participation of NGOs in certain areas of the agency's work; transparency of the means of financing and in decision-making procedures.

· Authority : In the event that the proposed agency does not have decision-making authority, and in the event there is no other international organization that takes on an overarching role, the agency must at least benefit from the assistance of the highest authorities available both within and outside the field of sport.

· Neutrality and the role of conciliation: The agency's statute must clearly define its mission in order to avoid conflicting responsibilities with other bodies such as the IOC, the WHO, and the EU. Finally, it is helpful to underline the potential role for the agency as a conciliator between federations and their member sports persons.

· Competence : The agency should benefit from the assistance of the highest scientific and ethical expertise both within and outside the field of sport. In particular, collaboration with EMEA should be encouraged.

· The promotion of a sports ethic: Beyond research on doping and the health of sportspersons, the agency should include an ethics department which is pluralist, multi-disciplinary and independent, and which can be consulted, when necessary, at the request of a state. There should also be funding for further ethical research.

Furthermore, the Group considers that the term "Anti-doping", in the proposed name of the agency, brings with it negative connotations and oversimplifies a complex issue. It would be preferable to consider a name for the agency which implies a broader scope, such as: « Agency for the Health and Safety in Sport ».

The Agency should elaborate and make public an « Annual Report on Health and Safety in Sport ».

EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

2.15 Research

The Group insists on the need for epidemiological research on health consequences of sporting activities, and follow-up studies, particularly long-term studies, on the growing influence of medicine in sport and its abuse.

Further research on detection methods should also be promoted.

Research is also needed on the wider sociological aspects of sport, including the ethical and juridical issues arising from the commercialization and medicalization of sport.

In particular, such research should be encouraged in the context of future Community research framework programmes.

2.16 Raising awareness

Consensus conferences should be organised in cooperation with the sporting associations and educational bodies, on the theme of doping and the health of sportspersons.

Education professionals should be sensitized to questions related to ethics in sport and its instruction, in accordance with the education methods of each particular country.

FINANCE

2.17 Funding of anti-doping and health measures

Public authorities already contribute considerable funds to the support of sport. Sporting activities generate a large amount of money. Furthermore, to ensure fair play is in the interests of sport itself. It is therefore an ethical requirement that the money raised by sport should contribute substantially to the efforts against doping and in favour of sportspersons' health and security.

CODE OF CONDUCT

2.18 Drafting a code of good conduct in sport

A European conference on doping in sport should be organised by the European Union in cooperation with the Council of Europe, with the aim of having the participants (the sportsperson, the sports movements, States, European institutions, professional medical organizations, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, organizations representing youth and families, the media, audiovisual in particular...) agree on a common Declaration, equivalent to a code of good conduct in sport.

The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies:

The Members

Paula Martinho da Silva Anne McLaren Marja Sorsa

Ina Wagner Goeran Hermerén Gilbert Hottois

Dietmar Mieth Octavi Quintana Trias Stefano Rodota

Egbert Schroten Peter Whittaker

The Chairperson

Noëlle Lenoir

Bilag 3

Dokumenter om oprettelsen af Verdrens Anti-Doping Agentur

ANTOINE ROCHAT

Doctor of Law

NOTARY

LAUSANNE

Grand-Chêne 8

_______

No. 1185

Agence mondiale antidopage

World Anti-Doping Agency

Foundation in Lausanne

__________

CONSTITUTIVE INSTRUMENT OF FOUNDATION

signed on 10th November 1999

Original number 1185 - of 10th November 1999 -------------------------------------------------------

CONSTITUTIVE INSTRUMENT OF FOUNDATION

BEFORE ANTOINE ROCHAT, NOTARY, in Lausanne for the district of Lausanne,

the following appears:

the INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE, an association under Swiss law, the seat whereof is in Lausanne, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

represented by its President, Mr Juan Antonio Samaranch, who represents it pursuant to the Olympic Charter, and its Director General, Mr François Carrard. ------------------------------

The founder declares the constitution of a foundation in the meaning of articles eighty et seq. of the Swiss Civil Code, named --------------------------------------------------------------------

------- AGENCE MONDIALE ANTIDOPAGE --------

-------- WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY, --------

the seat whereof is in Lausanne. -------------------------------------------------------------------

The founder establishes the statutes of the foundation as follows: --------------------------

----- Article 1 - Designation -----

Under the name "Agence mondiale antidopage", "World Anti-Doping Agency", hereinafter referred to as "the Foundation" or "the Agency", is constituted a Foundation governed by the present provisions and articles eighty et seq. of the Swiss Civil Code. ----------

----- Article 2 - Seat -----

The seat of the Foundation is in Lausanne. ------------------------------------------------------

The seat of the Foundation may be transferred to another location, in Switzerland or another country, with the agreement of the supervisory authority. ----------------------------------

The site of the Agency may be in a different location from the seat of the Foundation.

----- Article 3 - Duration -----

The duration of the Foundation is unlimited. ---------------------------------------------------

----- Article 4 - Object -----

The object of the Foundation is: ------------------------------------------------------------------

1) to promote and coordinate at international level the fight against doping in sport in all its forms; to this end, the Foundation will cooperate with intergovernmental organizations, governments, public authorities and other public and private bodies fighting against doping in sport, inter alia the International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Sports Federations (IF), National Olympic Committees (NOC) and the athletes; it will seek and obtain from all of the above the moral and political commitment to follow its recommendations; ----------------

2) to reinforce at international level ethical principles for the practice of doping-free sport and to help protect the health of the athletes; -----------------------------------

3) to establish, adapt, modify and update for all the public and private bodies concerned, inter alia the IOC, IFs and NOCs, the list of substances and methods prohibited in the practice of sport; the Foundation will publish such list at least once a year, to come into force on 1st January of each year, or at any other date fixed by the Foundation if the list is modified during the course of the year; -------

4) to encourage, support, coordinate and, when necessary, undertake, in full cooperation with the public and private bodies concerned, in particular the IOC, IFs and NOCs, the organization of unannounced out-of-competition testing; -----

5) to develop, harmonize and unify scientific, sampling and technical standards and procedures with regard to analyses and equipment, including the homologation of laboratories, and to create a reference laboratory; --------------------------------------

6) to promote harmonized rules, disciplinary procedures, sanctions and other means of combating doping in sport, and contribute to the unification thereof, taking into account the rights of the athletes; ----------------------------------------------------

7) to devise and develop anti-doping education and prevention programmes at international level, with a view to promoting the practice of doping-free sport in accordance with ethical principles; --------------------------------------------------------

8) to promote and coordinate research in the fight against doping in sport. -----------

The Agency will be entitled to prepare plans and proposals with a view to its conversion, if necessary, into a different structure, possibly based on international public law.

The Agency will above all seek to build on the existing corresponding skills, structures and networks, and create new ones only when necessary. The Agency may, however, set up working parties, commissions or working groups, on a permanent or ad hoc basis, in order to accomplish its tasks. It may consult with other interested private or public organizations, which may or may not be involved in sport. -------------------------------------------------------------

In order to achieve its object, the Foundation has the right to conclude any contract, to acquire and transfer, free or against payment, all rights, all movables and any real estate of whatever nature, in any country. It may entrust the performance of all or part of its activities to third parties. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 5 - Capital and resources -----

The founder endows the Foundation with an initial capital of five million Swiss francs (SFr. 5,000,000.-). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The other resources of the Foundation shall consist of any other allocations, donations, legacies and other forms of allowance, subsidy or other contributions from all natural or legal persons and all intergovernmental organizations, governments, public authorities and other public and private bodies. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 6 - Foundation Board -----

The Foundation Board will initially be composed of at least ten members. This number may be increased to a total of no more than 35 members. The members of the Foundation Board are personalities appointed for a period of three years. They may be re-elected for two further three-year periods. The first members of the Foundation Board, including the first chairman, will be appointed by the founder. The Foundation Board will be added to in accordance with the following principles: ----------------------------------------------------------------

1. A maximum of 16 members will be appointed by the Olympic Movement, with the allocation of seats to be defined in the rules which the Foundation Board will enact. ------------

2. A maximum of 16 members will be appointed by the intergovernmental organizations, governments, public authorities or other public bodies involved in the fight against doping in sport (hereinafter "public authorities"), with the allocation of seats to be defined in the rules which the Foundation Board will enact. ------------------------------------------------------------------

3. The other members will, if necessary, be appointed by the Foundation Board upon the joint proposal of the Olympic Movement and the public authorities. -------------------------------

4. As a general rule, when it is renewed and added to, the Foundation Board will seek to ensure that parity is maintained between, on one side, the members of the Foundation Board representing the Olympic Movement (viz. the IOC, ASOIF, AIWF, GAISF, ANOC and the IOC Athletes' Commission), and, on the other side, those representing the public authorities. The provisions of paragraph 6 below are reserved. -----------------------------------------------------

5. The Foundation Board may also invite a limited number of intergovernmental organizations or other international organizations to act in a consultative capacity for the Foundation. Such organizations, which will be invited on the basis of their legitimate interest in the work of the Foundation and their powers in the corresponding areas, may take part in the discussions of the Foundation Board but may not vote when the Foundation Board takes decisions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. To the extent that the annual allocations or contributions to the budget of the Foundation paid pursuant to article 13, paragraph 1 below, by the Olympic Movement on one side, and by the public authorities on the other side, are equivalent, each of the two parties, namely the Olympic Movement on one side, and the public authorities on the other side, will be entitled to designate an equal number of Foundation Board members. Failing such equivalent annual allocations by each of the two above-mentioned parties, the number of Foundation Board members who may be designated by the party whose allocation actually paid is lower will be at least one fewer than the number of members designated by the other party. This system will apply for as long as the annual allocations or contributions to the Foundation budget paid by the two above-mentioned parties are not equivalent. ---------------------------------------------------

7. The Foundation Board may depart from the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 above by a unanimous decision on the part of its members. -----------------------------------------------------

8. The Foundation Board will see to it that its members, the members of the Executive Committee and any other person acting on behalf of the Foundation in whatever capacity respect the fundamental principles of ethics, in particular those with regard to independence, dignity, integrity and impartiality. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 7 - Organization of the Foundation Board -----

The Foundation Board is self-organized. It appoints a chairman, a vice-chairman and a secretary; the secretary may be chosen from outside the Foundation Board. ----------------------

----- Article 8 - Meetings and Decisions of the Foundation Board -----

The Foundation Board meets as often as is necessary, but at least once a year. The meetings of the Foundation Board are convened by the chairman or by the secretary; upon delegation of the chairman. The chairman is bound to convene a meeting of the Foundation Board at the written request of at least five members. --------------------------------------------------

A set of minutes, signed by the chairman and by the minute-taker, records the deliberations and decisions of the Foundation Board. -------------------------------------------------

At meetings, the members of the Foundation Board have the right to ask the persons entrusted with running and representing the Foundation for information on the conduct of the activities of the Foundation and on specified questions. ------------------------------------------

The Foundation Board takes its decisions by an absolute majority of the votes of the members present; in the event of a tie, the chairman has the casting vote. The provisions of article 16, paragraph 2 of the present statutes are reserved. Furthermore, a unanimous vote by the Foundation Board members present is required for designating or transferring the site of the Agency and for appointing the Executive Committee. --------------------------------------------

The decisions of the Foundation Board may be taken in the form of approval given in writing to a proposal, unless discussion thereof is required by any of the members; decisions shall be recorded in the minutes. --------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 9 - Attributions of the Foundation Board -----

The powers of the Foundation Board are determined, with regard to the Foundation, by the Law, the present statutes and all other rules and decisions of the Foundation Board. --------

The Foundation Board has the inalienable right to: --------------------------------------------

1. Propose amendments to the present statutes. -------------------------------------------

2. Appoint the auditing body of the Foundation. ------------------------------------------

3. Appoint the Executive Committee provided for in the present statutes. -----------

4. Appoint, if it deems it necessary to do so, other ad hoc or standing committees, inter alia a scientific committee, with the task of providing opinions or advising the Foundation on specific issues or in specific fields. -------------------------------------

5. Take all decisions relating to the acquisition, against payment, or transfer, free or against payment, of all real estate. ----------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 10 - Obligations of the Foundation Board -----

The Foundation Board is obliged, in particular: -------------------------------------------------

1. to ensure the independence of the Foundation and transparency in all its activities; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. to supervise the committees or persons entrusted with the running and representation of the Foundation, in order to ensure that the activity of the Foundation is in accordance with the Law, the present statutes and the rules, and to keep itself informed about the conduct of the activities of the Foundation; -----

3. to appoint the members of the Executive Committee and other committees provided for in the present statutes; -------------------------------------------------------

4. to promulgate the rules relating to the Foundation Board itself, the Executive Committee and other committees, together with all other rules indispensable to the operation of the Foundation, subject to the approval of the supervisory authority; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. to see to it that the minutes of the Foundation Board and the necessary books are duly kept and that the management report, profit and loss account and balance sheet are established in conformity with the provisions of the Law; -----------------

6. to publish, each year, a report in English and French on all its activities, its profit and loss account and its balance sheet, in accordance with the applicable legal requirements. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 11 - Executive Committee -----

The Foundation Board delegates to an Executive Committee of at least five members and a maximum of nine members, the majority chosen from amongst the Foundation Board members, the actual management and running of the Foundation, the performance of all its activities and the actual administration of its assets. ----------------------------------------------------

The members of the Executive Committee are appointed by the Foundation Board for periods of one year. They may be re-elected. -----------------------------------------------------------

Furthermore, in the event of the incapacity or death of a member of the Executive Committee, he will be replaced immediately, either by the Foundation Board, or temporarily by the Executive Committee; such temporary appointment shall become final only upon its ratification by the Foundation Board, no later than during the next meeting of the Board. -----

The chairman of the Executive Committee is appointed by the Foundation Board. Moreover, from among its members the Executive Committee appoints, inter alia, a vice-chairman, if it deems it necessary to do so; it further appoints a secretary, who may be chosen from outside the Executive Committee, --------------------------------------------------------

The Executive Committee is competent to take all decisions which are not reserved by the Law or by the present statutes for the Foundation Board; its mission and organization will be specified in one or more sets of rules which the Foundation Board will promulgate to this end. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 12 - Representation of the Foundation -----

The Foundation is duly represented and bound vis-à-vis third parties by the collective signature of two of the persons designated as follows by the Foundation Board or the founder, in conformity with the method of signature below: -----------------------------------------

a) at least two members of the Executive Committee; ------------------------------------

b) at least two members of the Foundation Board; one of the two co-signatories must however be one of the members appointed by the Olympic Movement, and the other must be one of the members appointed by the public authorities. -------

----- Article 13 - Annual management report, balance sheet

and profit and loss account -----

No later than 30th November of each year, the Foundation Board shall approve the budget for the following financial year; failing such approval by a unanimous decision of the Board members present, the budget of the current year shall apply to the next year. The annual allocations and other contributions shall be paid no later than 31st December of each year for the following year. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Each year, the Foundation Board submits to the supervisory authority the management report, balance sheet and profit and loss account as approved by the Board. ------------------------------

The financial year corresponds to the calendar year. The first financial year will thus end on 31st December 2000. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- Article 14 - Auditing body -----

Each year, the Foundation Board designates a qualified and independent auditing body. Each year, the auditing body submits to the Foundation Board a report on the accounts of the Foundation; such report will be submitted to the supervisory authority. ---------------------------

----- Article 15 - Indemnities -----

The members of the Foundation Board are not entitled to any indemnity for the performance of their functions; they are however entitled to reimbursement of their expenses subject to the conditions fixed by the Foundation Board. --------------------------------------------

For the performance of their functions, the members of the Executive Committee are entitled to an annual indemnity fixed by the Foundation Board, and to the reimbursement of their expenses. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The auditing body is entitled to fees in accordance with professional practice. --------------------

The staff employed by the Foundation is entitled to the remuneration fixed by the Executive Committee, which also decides on the other conditions of employment. ---------------------------

----- Article 16 - Modification of the statutes -----

The Foundation Board may propose amendments to the present statutes to the supervisory authority. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Any proposed amendment, in particular any change to the object of the Foundation, must be approved unanimously by the members of the Foundation Board who are present. ---

----- Article 17 - Dissolution -----

The Foundation may be dissolved in the cases provided for by the Law. -------------------

The Foundation Board may designate one or more liquidators. -----------------------------

No winding up measure may be performed without the express agreement of the supervisory authority. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Any surplus from winding up is given, with the agreement of the supervisory authority, to an institution pursuing the same or a similar object. -------------------------------------------------

----- Article 18 - Entry in the Trade Register -----

The Foundation will be entered in the Lausanne Trade Register. ----------------------------

----- Article 19 - Supervisory Authority -----

The Foundation will be placed under the supervision of the Federal Department of the Interior, the competence whereof is hereby reserved. --------------------------------------------------

______________________

In application of article six of the statutes recorded above, the founder appoints the following persons as members of the first Foundation Board: ----------------------------------------

- Richard W. Pound of Canada, in Montreal (Canada), first chairman; ------------------------------

- Prince Alexandre de Merode, of Belgium, in Brussels (Belgium); -----------------------------------

- Jacques Rogge, of Belgium, in Deinze (Belgium); -----------------------------------------------------

- Arne Ljungqvist, of Sweden, in Enebyberg (Sweden); ------------------------------------------------

- Hein Verbruggen, of the Netherlands, in Lutry; -------------------------------------------------------

- Anders Besseberg, of Norway, in Vestfossen (Norway); ---------------------------------------------

- Johann Olav Koss, of Norway, in Teneriffe (Australia); ----------------------------------------------

- Robert Ctvrtlik, of the United States of America, in Newport Beach (USA); ---------------------

- Manuela Di Centa, of Italy, in Meina (Italy); -----------------------------------------------------------

- Peter Tallberg, of Finlande, in Esbo (Finland); --------------------------------------------------------

- Suvi Linden, of Finland, in Helsinki (Finland); --------------------------------------------------------

- Awoture Eleyae, of Nigeria, in Yaoundé (Cameroon). -----------------------------------------------

The founder recalls that the other members of the Foundation Board will be appointed by the Board, upon the proposal of the interested bodies, in particular the ASOIF and ANOC, the second member representing the European Union and the Council of Europe. ---

The Foundation will be domiciled initially in Lausanne, at the Château de Vidy, at the headquarters of the founder, which accepts such domiciliation. --------------------------------------

IN WITNESS WHEREOF read by the notary to the persons appearing, who approve and sign with him, forthwith, in LAUSANNE, this TENTH NOVEMBER NINETEEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-NINE. --------------------------------------------------------------------

The original is signed: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Juan A. Samaranch; Carrard; A. Rochat, notary. -----------------------------------------------

_________________________