STATSSTØTTE — DENMARK

Statsstøttesag SA.57991 (2021/C) (ex 2021/NN) — Danmark

Kompensation for postbefordringspligt til Post Danmark i 2020

Statsstøttesag SA.55918 (2020/FC) — Danmark

Påstået statsstøtte til Post Danmark for postbefordringspligt i 2020

Opfordring til at fremsætte bemærkninger efter artikel 108, stk. 2, i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde

(EØS-relevant tekst)

(2021/C 469/02)

Ved brev af 23. juli 2021, der er gengivet på det autentiske sprog efter dette resumé, meddelte Kommissionen Danmark, at den i forbindelse med dele af ovennævnte foranstaltning har besluttet at indlede proceduren efter artikel 108, stk. 2, i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde.

Interesserede parter kan senest en måned efter offentliggørelsen af nærværende resumé og det efterfølgende brev sende eventuelle bemærkninger til den støtteforanstaltning, med hensyn til hvilken Kommissionen indleder proceduren, til:

European Commission Directorate-General Competition State Aid Greffe 1049 Bruxelles/Brussel Fax: + 32 22961242 Stateaidgreffe@ec.europa.eu

Disse bemærkninger vil blive videresendt til Danmark. Interesserede parter, der fremsætter bemærkninger til sagen, kan skriftligt anmode om at få deres navn og/eller dele af disse bemærkninger hemmeligholdt. Anmodningen skal være begrundet.

SAGSFORLØB

Den 22. december 2019 indgav brancheorganisationen for den danske vejgodstransport A/S (»ITD«) en klage med påstand om, at kompensation for den postbefordringspligt, der er overdraget til Post Danmark A/S, udgør uforenelig statsstøtte.

Den 21. marts 2021 anmeldte de danske myndigheder efter forudgående kontakter kompensationen til Post Danmark for opfyldelse af postbefordringspligten i 2020.

BESKRIVELSE AF FORANSTALTNINGEN

Foranstaltningen består i kompensation på 225 mio. DKK (30 mio. EUR), der udbetales til Post Danmark for opfyldelse af postbefordringspligten. Kompensationen er baseret på to selvstændige tilladelser, der blev undertegnet henholdsvis den 20. december 2019 og den 25. juni 2020, en bekendtgørelse fra transportministeren og en aftale indgået mellem Post Danmark og de danske myndigheder.

Post Danmark (i sin nuværende form) blev grundlagt i 2009 efter en fusion med det svenske postselskab Posten AB. Efter fusionen blev holdingselskabet PostNord AB oprettet, som ejes i fællesskab af Sverige (60 % af aktierne) og Danmark (40 % af aktierne). Stemmerettighederne er ligeligt fordelt.

Post Danmark er aktiv på det danske postmarked og tilbyder en lang række posttjenester, f.eks. levering af breve, pakker, ekspresforsendelser, kurerpost, digitale posttjenester, fragttjenester og drift af et net af postkontorer. Post Danmark har været i fuld konkurrence med andre postvirksomheder siden liberaliseringen af det danske postmarked i 2011 i overensstemmelse med postdirektivet. Som leverandør af befordringspligtige ydelser er Post Danmark forpligtet til at sikre adgang til alle posttjenester, der er omfattet af postbefordringspligten, herunder f.eks. levering af breve på op til 2 kg og pakker på op til 20 kg, til rimelige priser i hele Danmark og mindst fem gange om ugen.

VURDERING AF FORANSTALTNINGEN

De danske myndigheder mener, at foranstaltningen udgør statsstøtte efter traktatens artikel 107, stk. 1, og er forenelig med traktatens artikel 106, stk. 2, eftersom den opfylder alle betingelserne i Kommissionens meddelelse »Den Europæiske Unions rammebestemmelser for statsstøtte i form af kompensation for offentlig tjenester« (1) (»rammebestemmelserne«).

Kommissionen mener også, at foranstaltningen udgør statsstøtte efter traktatens artikel 107, stk. 1, men betvivler, at alle forenelighedsbetingelserne i rammebestemmelserne er opfyldt.

Kommissionen har foreløbigt konkluderet, at kompensationen for befordringspligt er i overensstemmelse med adskillige bestemmelser i rammebestemmelserne. Navnlig finder den, at kompensationen går til reelle tjenester af almen økonomisk interesse, at overdragelsesretsakten indeholder de nødvendige elementer, at varigheden er tilstrækkeligt begrænset i tid, at de relevante udbudsregler er overholdt, at Danmark har indført tilstrækkelige incitamenter til at sikre en effektiv opfyldelse af befordringspligten, og at gennemsigtighedskravene er overholdt.

Til gengæld betvivler den overensstemmelsen med visse bestemmelser i rammebestemmelserne:

— Overensstemmelse med Kommissionens direktiv 2006/111/EF af 16. november 2006 om gennemskueligheden af de økonomiske forbindelser mellem medlemsstaterne og de offentlige virksomheder og om den finansielle gennemskuelighed i bestemte virksomheder (2) (punkt 18 i rammebestemmelserne): Den 15. januar 2021 offentliggjorde Rigsrevisionen en beretning, hvori den såede tvivl om tilsynet med Post Danmarks regnskabspraksis og eksterne revisorers validering af disse regnskaber. Danmark har delt beretningen med Kommissionen, og indtil de danske myndigheder har taget behørigt hensyn til den tvivl, som statsrevisorerne giver udtryk for, kan Kommissionen kun dele Rigsrevisionens tvivl. Dette er særlig relevant, da Danmark har brugt disse regnskabsdata til beregningen af de nettoomkostninger, som Post Danmark har i forbindelse med postbefordringspligten. Beregningen af nettoomkostningerne danner grundlaget for fastlæggelsen af den kompensation, som Post Danmark har ret til.

— Anvendelsen af »net avoided cost-metoden« (punkt 25-27 i rammebestemmelserne): Denne metode kræver, at det fastslås, hvordan Post Danmark ville have fungeret uden befordringspligten, dvs. det såkaldte kontrafaktiske scenario. Kommissionen nærer visse betænkeligheder vedrørende skønnet over virkningen af nogle af de antagelser, der ligger til grund for det kontrafaktiske scenario for så vidt angår omkostningerne ved levering af breve og pakker.

I henhold til artikel 16 i Rådets forordning (EU) 2015/1589 (3) kan ulovlig støtte tilbagesøges hos støttemodtageren.

BREVETS ORDLYD

(1) EUT C 8 af 11.1.2012, s. 15.

(2) EUT L 318 af 17.11.2006, s. 17.

(3) Rådets forordning (EU) 2015/1589 af 13. juli 2015 om fastlæggelse af regler for anvendelsen af artikel 108 i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde (EUT L 248 af 24.9.2015, s. 9).

(4) Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 of 13 July 2015 laying down detailed rules for the application of Article 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (OJ L 248, 24.9.2015, p. 9), ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2015/1589/oj

(5) Regulation No 1 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community (OJ 17, 6.10.1958, p. 385).

(6) Lov om Post Danmark, Nr 88 of 8 February 1995, https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1995/88

(7) Lov om postvirksomhed, Nr 89 of 8 February 1995, https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1995/89

(8) Lov om Post Danmark A/S, Nr 409 of 6 June 2002, https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2002/409

(9) See: https://www.cvc.com/media/press-releases/2009/02-02-2009-123603833

(10) The legal basis for the merger was in Denmark provided by: Lov om ændring af lov om Post Danmark A/S, LOV nr 542 of 17 June 2008, available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=120348

(11) Commission Decision of 21 April 2009, Case No COMP/M.5152 — Posten AB / Post Danmark A/S. Notification of 26.2.2009 pursuant to Article 4 of Council Regulation No 139/2004, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/elojade/isef/case_details.cfm?proc_code=2_M_5152.

(12) Directive 97/67/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 1997 on common rules for the development of the internal market of Community postal services and the improvement of quality of service (OJ L 15, 21.1.1998, p. 14).

(13) See Postloven, LOV nr 1536 of 21 December 2010, available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=135208. The law has been amended several times.

(14) Both licenses have as title ‘Midlertidig tilladelse til Post Danmark A/S’.

(15) Danish Transport and Construction Agency, Ny individuel tilladelse til Post Danmark A/S, 2 June 2016, available at: https://www.trafikstyrelsen.dk/da/Post/Lister/Publikationsliste

(16) Commission Decision SA.47707(2018/N) of 28 May 2018, State compensations granted to PostNord for the provision of the universal postal service — Denmark, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/elojade/isef/case_details.cfm?proc_code=3_SA_47707

(17) Judgment of the General Court of 5 May 2021, ITD, Brancheorganisation for den danske vejgodstransport A/S and Danske Fragtmænd A/S v European Commission, Case T-561/18, ECLI:EU:T:2021:240.

(18) See: https://uk.rigsrevisionen.dk/about-us

(19) See: https://uk.rigsrevisionen.dk/our-work

(20) The report is available on the website of the Rigsrevisionen: Beretning om tilsynet med Post Danmarks regnskabspraksis, beretning nr. 10/2020, 15 January 2021, https://rigsrevisionen.dk/revisionssager-arkiv/2021/jan/beretning-om-tilsynet-med-post-danmarks-regnskabspraksis

(21) Communication from the Commission — European Union framework for State aid in the form of public service compensation (OJ C 8, 11.1.2012, p. 15).

(22) The decree is dated 19 August 2020 (nr 2020-6466) and was endorsed by the Financial Committee on 27 August 2020.

(23) Kontrakt vedrørende midlertidig kompensation til Post Danmark A/S for befordringspligten i Danmark, dated 25 June 2020.

(24) Claims unrelated to the USO compensation are not the subject of this Decision.

(25) Judgment of the General Court of 5 May 2021, ITD, Brancheorganisation for den danske vejgodstransport A/S and Danske Fragtmænd A/S v European Commission, Case T-561/18, ECLI:EU:T:2021:240, paragraph 86-93.

(26) The transformation plan is referred to as the new production model in Section 2.2 of the 2018 Decision.

(27) Referred to in the 2018 Decision.

(28) Judgment of the General Court of 5 May 2021, ITD, Brancheorganisation for den danske vejgodstransport A/S and Danske Fragtmænd A/S v European Commission, Case T-561/18, ECLI:EU:T:2021:240, paragraph 94.

(29) ITD explains that the vehicles financed by Post Danmark for the USO will only be used for the USO for 60 % of their capacity while the remaining (40 %) will be used for PostNord Logistics’ freight services, without Post Danmark billing PostNord Logistics for the use of the vehicles. In addition, Post Danmark’s employees would provide services for PostNord Logistics without remuneration, the customer service of PostNord Logistics would be carried out by Post Danmark without payment and Post Danmark would pay for IT (software and hardware) that is used by PostNord Logistics without remuneration.

(30) In this regard, ITD refers to Article 20 of Danish Law no. 1040 of 30 August 2017 (the Danish Postal Act), which provides that ‘[t]he company holding the Universal Service Obligation must issue stamps (with “Denmark” printed on them)’ and Article 15(4) of the same law which provides that ‘[t]he Transport Minister authorises the price of the stamps for letters weighing up to 50 grams’.

(31) ITD refers to a PostNord press release ‘Billigere pakker på posthuset fra 2019’ dated 28 September 2018 where it is stated ‘og derfor justerer vi priserne fra årsskiftet’.

(32) See recital (137) of the 2018 Decision.

(33) Commission Decision 2012/21/EU of 20 December 2011 on the application of Article 106(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest, OJ L 7, 11.1.2012, p. 3, available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2012/21(1)/oj

(34) This conclusion was later upheld by the General Court, see footnote 14.

(35) To further substantiate this, Denmark refers to the political agreement of 27 May 2010 on ensuring the universal service in a liberalised market, which was attached to the preliminary works of the Postal Act adopted on 21 December 2010 (LOV nr 1536 af 21/12/2010) and contains the following wording: ‘The designated Universal Service Provider… has an exclusive right and an obligation to issue stamps with “Denmark” printed on them’ (translation provided by Denmark). In Danish this reads as: ‘Den til enhver tid befordringspligtige virksomhed …, har eneret og forpligtelse til at udstede frimærker påtrykt ’Danmark’’. Only the obligation to issue stamps is mentioned in the wording of the Postal Act (and not the exclusive right). In addition, the license for Post Danmark to provide postal services mentions only an obligation to issue stamps.

(36) See Article 8 of Directive 97/67/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. In addition, recital (20) of the same Directive states: ‘for reasons of public order and public security, Member States […] are entitled to appoint the entity or entities responsible for issuing postage stamps identifying the country of origin’.

(37) Denmark explains that the word used in Section 15(4) of the Postal Act is ‘godkender’, which rather translates as ‘approves’.

(38) The Commission considers that the architecture of the SGEI package would be rendered ineffective if it were to be considered that entrusting exactly the same service in two different consecutive periods (within the same year) suffices to define two separate SGEIs. The Commission recalls that, below the threshold of EUR 15 million, the SGEI Decision applies, with no notification obligation and lighter compatibility rules; over this threshold, the stricter requirements of the SGEI Framework must be respected.

(39) Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 12 December 1996, Compagnie nationale Air France v Commission of the European Communities, Case T-358/94, ECLI:EU:T:1996:194, paragraph 56.

(40) Judgment of the Court of 14 October 1987, Federal Republic of Germany v Commission of the European Communities, Case 248/84, ECLI:EU:C:1987:437, paragraph 17; Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 6 March 2002, Territorio Histórico de Álava — Diputación Foral de Álava (T-92/00), Ramondín, SA and Ramondín Cápsulas, SA (T-103/00) v Commission of the European Communities, joined Cases T-92/00 and T-103/00, ECLI:EU:T:2002:61, paragraph 57.

(41) Judgment of the Court of 12 September 2000, Pavel Pavlov and Others v Stichting Pensioenfonds Medische Specialisten, Joined Cases C-180/98 to C-184/98, ECLI:EU:C:2000:428, paragraph 74.

(42) Judgment of the Court of 23 April 1991, Klaus Höfner and Fritz Elser v Macrotron GmbH, Case C-41/90, ECLI:EU:C:1991:161, paragraph 21; Judgment of the Court of 12 September 2000, Pavel Pavlov and Others v Stichting Pensioenfonds Medische Specialisten, Joined Cases C-180/98 to C-184/98, ECLI:EU:C:2000:428, paragraph 74.

(43) Judgment of the Court of 16 June 1987, Commission of the European Communities v Italian Republic, Case 118/85, ECLI:EU:C:1987:283, paragraph 7.

(44) Judgment of the Court of 11 July 1996, Syndicat français de l'Express international (SFEI) and others v La Poste and others, Case C-39/94, ECLI:EU:C:1996:285, paragraph 60; Judgment of the Court of 29 April 1999, Kingdom of Spain v Commission of the European Communities, Case C-342/96, ECLI:EU:C:1999:210, paragraph 41.

(45) Judgment of the Court of 24 July 2003, Altmark Trans GmbH and Regierungspräsidium Magdeburg v Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Altmark GmbH, and Oberbundesanwalt beim Bundesverwaltungsgericht, Case, C-280/00, ECLI:EU:C:2003:415, paragraph 87 to 95.

(46) See cases Judgment of the Court of 4 June 2015, European Commission v MOL Magyar Olaj- és Gázipari Nyrt, C-15/14 P, ECLI:EU:C:2015:362, paragraph 60; Judgment of the Court of 30 June 2016, Kingdom of Belgium v European Commission, C-270/15 P, ECLI:EU:C:2016:489, paragraph 49; Judgment of the General Court of 13 December 2017, Hellenic Republic v European Commission, T-314/15, ECLI:EU:T:2017:903, paragraph 79.

(47) Judgment of the Court of 17 September 1980, Philip Morris Holland BV v Commission of the European Communities, Case 730/79, ECLI:EU:C:1980:209, paragraph 11; Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 15 June 2000, Alzetta Mauro and others v Commission of the European Communities, joined cases T-298/97, T-312/97, T-313/97, T-315/97, T-600/97 to 607/97, T-1/98, T-3/98 to T-6/98 and T-23/98 ECLI:EU:T:2000:151, paragraph 80.

(48) Judgment of the Court of 17 September 1980, Philip Morris Holland BV v Commission of the European Communities, Case 730/79, ECLI:EU:C:1980:209, paragraphs 11 and 12; Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 30 April 1998, Het Vlaamse Gewest (Flemish Region) v Commission of the European Communities, Case T-214/95, ECLI:EU:T:1998:77, paragraphs 48-50.

(49) Communication from the Commission on the application of the European Union State aid rules to compensation granted for the provision of services of general economic interest (OJ C 8, 11.1.2012, p. 4).

(50) Article 3(1) of Directive 97/67/EC provides: ‘Member States shall ensure that users enjoy the right to a universal service involving the permanent provision of a postal service of specified quality at all points in their territory at affordable prices for all users.’

(51) Communication from the Commission: European Framework for State aid in the form of public service compensation (OJ C 8, 11.1.2012, p. 15).

(52) For example, in France (La Poste), Italy (Poste Italiane), Spain (Correos) and Greece (ELTA), the period of entrustment is up to 15 years.

(53) Commission Directive 2006/111/EC of 16 November 2006 on the transparency of financial relations between Member States and public undertakings as well as on financial transparency within certain undertakings.

(54) Judgment of the General Court (Seventh Chamber) of 15 October 2020, První novinová společnost a.s., venant aux droits de Mediaservis s. r. o. v European Commission, Case T-316/18, ECLI:EU:T:2020:489, paragraph 198.

(55) Business to Consumer

(56) Business to Business

(57) Consumer to other

(58) Proclaim return receipt (postforkyndelse in Danish) are letters containing a writ or other document to be served on the recipient. Only the courts, public authorities other than the courts, and approved private boards of complaint or appeal can sent proclaim return receipt.

(59) Danish Value Added Tax Act, LBK nr 1021 of 26.9.2019 (link: https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2019/1021).

(60) Assessment made by annalect (January 2020).

(61) Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors and repealing Directive 2004/17/EC (OJ L 94, 28.3.2014, p. 243), ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/25/oj

(62) Danske Fragtmænd A/S's labour productivity is something of an outlier. This can be explained by the fact that Danske Fragtmænd A/S is a transport and logistics company, which transports goods and offers warehouse facilities to customers. Delivery costs and the average price of goods are significantly higher than delivery costs and average prices on letters and parcels.

(63) Cost of delivering one letter or one parcel.

(64) One could buy one or multiple codes online and write them on the envelope or print the code and stick it on the envelope.

(65) Judgment of the General Court of 5 May 2021, ITD, Brancheorganisation for den danske vejgodstransport A/S and Danske Fragtmænd A/S v European Commission, Case T-561/18, ECLI:EU:T:2021:240.

(66) This may be illustrated by the following simplified calculations. Assume the cost of delivery of parcels nationwide is 200 and the revenue is 150, such that it is a loss- making activity. Now assume that the cost of delivery in urban areas is 75 while the revenue is 100, such that parcel delivery in urban areas is actually profitable. By discontinuing the entire activity, Post Danmark’s NAC on this activity would be equal to the avoided costs (200) minus the foregone revenues (150) = 50. If Post Danmark were to discontinue only the non-urban delivery of parcels, its NAC for the activity would be equal to the avoided costs (200-75) minus the foregone revenues (150-100) = 125 – 50 = 75.

(67) Ibid, paragraph 123-124.

(68) Ibid, paragraph 138-159.

(69) Ibid, paragraph 155.

(70) Ibid, paragraph 148.

(71) See in this regard also recital (119)(e) where it is explained that Post Danmark would optimize these quality measurements in the absence of the USO.

(72) Recital (70).

(73) See recital (28) of the 2018 Decision.

(74) Paragraph 40 of the SGEI framework.

(75) Judgment of the General Court of 5 May 2021, ITD, Brancheorganisation for den danske vejgodstransport A/S and Danske Fragtmænd A/S v European Commission, Case T-561/18, ECLI:EU:T:2021:240, paragraph 164-165.

(76) See footnote 12.

(77) Judgment of the General Court of 5 May 2021, ITD, Brancheorganisation for den danske vejgodstransport A/S and Danske Fragtmænd A/S v European Commission, Case T-561/18, ECLI:EU:T:2021:240, paragraphs 170 and 172.

(78) Ibid, paragraph 176.