He began his civilian legal career at DOJ reviewing applications to conduct wiretaps and bugs. Later, as a federal prosecutor, he made judicial application to conduct ELSUR. For the last 19+ years of his federal service, he worked in the Office of Chief Counsel, Drug Enforcement Administration . He has taught “Surveillance and Privacy” as an adjunct at George Mason University and has published ELSUR-related articles in the Valparaiso University Law Review and the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.