His research focuses on the behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures and more recently the behavior of small-scale 3D printed shapes. Traditional concrete reinforcement is limited to tied reinforcing bars, but advances in additive manufacturing may provide new possibilities for those configurations. Dr. Carroll’s current research uses additive manufacturing to produce small-scale, high-strength plastic reinforcing cages to evaluate the effect of more complex geometric and bio-inspired reinforcing cages on the compressive strength of small-scale lightweight concrete columns. His long-term goals are to look at more efficient configurations of steel reinforcement in concrete structures using additive manufacturing to better resist extreme loadings.