He has developed an approach that involves mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid with titanium ethoxide, ethanol, and Pluronic[R] P123 (a block copolymer surfactant manufactured by BASF) to create a mesoporous titania film (the "meso-" prefix refers to pores of 2-50 nanometers in diameter). He dip-coats the substrate with the titania mixture, then treats it to remove the block copolymer and densify the titania.