Louis. His MD and PhD (History of Medieval Medicine) are from Johns Hopkins. He has published widely on pediatrics, rehabilitation, medieval history and history of disabilities and is the recipient of numerous awards for history. He is completing his first book, Marketing Medicine, tracing the origins of academic medicine and marketplace dynamics in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century France and has published on the history of cosmetics, physiognomy and pain therapy in medieval France. His second monograph project encompasses a study of children with physical disabilities from 1800-1950 in Europe and the United States.