He earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 2002 and was advised by Professor John Baras (ECE/ISR) and Professor P.S. Krishnaprasad (ECE/ISR). The research will pursue fundamental studies to develop novel electroactive polymer hairs as artificial lateral lines for flow sensing, as well as electroactive polymer-based fins capable of complex 3D deformations. It will advance the performance of robotic fish, and will also provide a controlled platform for investigating the locomotor and sensory mechanisms of real fish.