He has previously taught at secondary and tertiary levels in Brunei, the UK, France, Malaysia, Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand). His research interests include language alternation online, Southeast Asian Englishes, Borneo indigenous languages, and classroom discourse in multilingual contexts. He is co-editor, with Roger Barnard, of Codeswitching in University English-Medium Classes: Asian Perspectives (Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters, 2014), and has recently been conducting research that challenges traditional notions of languages as fixed and separate systems.