Previously, he worked as a CAD software engineer at National Semiconductor, Bangalore, Karnataka, India and a co-op at Advanced Micro Devices, Sunnyvale, California, USA. His research interests include design methodology for hardware IPIIC protection, hardware Trojan detection/prevention through design and testing, attacks on hardware implementation of cryptographic algorithms, and reversible watermarking for digital content protection. He has authored over 25 conference and journal publications and presented at numerous events including the 2011 IEEE VLSI Design Conference, where he delivered a tutorial on hardware security. Reviews