He received his Ph.D. in Political Science, and MA and BA degrees in Public Administration from Peking University. His dissertation was focused on economic globalization and political development in developing countries and parts of the works have been published in several Chinese Journals, including World Economy and Politics 12(3). Since 2002, he focuses mainly on administrative reform and urban governance in changing China. He is the author of Municipal management (2005), The Study of Intergovernmental Relations (2005), and Political Relationships in Contemporary China (2002).