He traveled to the United States during his medical clerkship in 2002 and was intrigued by the technology, but thought it was too expensive. Since then, the smartphone has become ubiquitous and Dr. Kubben has developed three free apps: NeuroMind, SLIFC and Safe Surgery. The apps are designed for students and residents to examine anatomical images, diagnoses and access the World Health Organization Safe Surgery checklist, according to an AMA News report.