His background is in bioethics and health policy analysis. Harald’s research areas include personal responsibility for health, public health ethics and fairness in health care priority setting. He has worked on the development of a normative framework for consideration of the ethical issues raised by incentive policies by providers in both the private and public sector, and current projects apply, test and refine this framework. He is also interested in conceptual distinctions between ‘carrot’ and ‘stick’ approaches; the acceptability of using incentive approaches in health and non-health settings; and what can be learned from cross-country comparisons. The overall goal of his research is to combine robust conceptual and empirical work to contribute to more evidence-based, equitable and efficient health care policy and practice. Selected Publications