He has published critical research exploring corporate and alternative social media, knowledge management, crowdsourcing, media theory and the Dark Web in journals such as New Media and Society, Communication Theory, Social Text, Fibreculture, Television and New Media, European Journal of Cultural Studies and the Canadian Journal of Communication. His book, Reverse Engineering Social Media, explores the architecture and political economy of social media and is the winner of the Association of Internet Researchers Nancy Baym Book award.