Until December 2006 he was the Director of the Defence and Security Committee of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the inter-parliamentary organization of legislators from NATO member and associate countries. He will return to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly as Deputy Secretary General for Policy in January 2008. He was previously the international affairs analyst in the National Security Division of the Congressional Budget Office and Research Director for Emerging Threats at Business Executives for National Security (BENS). He has published articles in Problems of Post Communism, Contemporary Economic Policy, and Policy Review and is the author of Economic Sanctions in American Foreign Policy (Praeger, 1999). He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1996.