What is a root canal treatment? The center of the tooth is called the pulp of the tooth, it has the nerve tissue and blood vessels. If the pulp of the tooth has been infected due to some injury or tooth decay a root canal treatment is required. This treatment entails removing the infected pulp tissue and then filling the tooth with filling material and sealing it. A root canal treatment can be done by the regular dentist as well but an Endodontist is best equipped to perform this as he has the right qualification for it.