She is the current and founding Director of Neuroanesthesia, Director of Otorhinolaryngeal Anesthesia and Associate Director of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Robert W. Lekowski is Residency Program Director at the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and an instructor in Anesthesia and Pain Management at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Richard D. Urman serves as Medical Director of Procedural Sedation at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Co-Director of the Center for Perioperative Management and Medical Informatics, and Assistant Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.