He also serves as the Clinical Director at STARS, the Division on Substance Abuse's outpatient research treatment clinic. Dr. Carpenter received his Ph.D. from Hofstra University in 1995 and completed a three-year postdoctoral research fellowship in the Psychiatric Epidemiology Training Program at The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University. His currently developing laboratory procedures to investigate the role of equivalence classes in increasing the range of stimuli associated with drug effects.