His particular emphasis within the broader field of design is “Speculative” or “Discursive” design, which the designers and theorists Stephanie and Bruce Tharp define as a category of product design that treats artifacts principally as transmitters of substantive ideas, rather than as mere instruments of utility. The primary intent of the discursive designer then is to encourage users’ reflections upon, or engagements with, a particular discourse; the goal is to affect the intellect. Moving beyond traditional styling or commercial problem solving, discursive design embraces a more expansive