She earned a doctorate in counseling psychology from the University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, and has been in independent practice since 1991. In addition to psychotherapy and assessment, her clinical work includes clinical consultation and supervision with psychologists and other mental health professionals as well as specialized work with those facing ethical dilemmas, licensing board complaints, and lawsuits. Professional experience includes work in an in-patient psychiatric hospital, a medical clinic, a rehabilitation unit, a community mental health agency, an assessment clinic, and college counseling centers.