His research interests are developing integrated-design model-based methods that produce system-optimal designs for complex dynamic engineering systems (energy-efficient propulsion systems and automotive / vehicular powertrain systems from system to component level). This research incorporates several related fields: automated-discrete-topology design synthesis: computational design synthesis (CDS) formulated as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), integrated-energy-management strategies: optimal control, coordination architectures: (bi-)unidirectional coupling functions and hybrid-optimization algorithms: (non-)gradient based methods.