His research focuses on addressing inequalities in the education of youth and on improving the quality of education received by youth in multiple countries including China, India, Russia, and the United States. In the course of addressing educational inequalities, Prashant examines the consequences of tracking, financial and informational constraints, as well as social and psychological factors in highly competitive education systems. His work on educational quality is built around research that assesses and compares student learning in higher education, high school and compulsory schooling. He also conducts large-scale evaluations of educational programs and policies that seek to improve student outcomes.