CNRS & Science University of Nantes (ex-IRIN)). He received a PhD Degree in Computer Science from the University of Montpellier II in 2002. He is interested in object-oriented language design and modeling, primarily in the static access control subject. He can be reached at ardourel@lina.univ-nantes.fr. See also http://www.sciences.univnantes.fr/info/perso/permanents/ardourel/.