Her published research focuses on jazz audiences and their engagement in live performances in different contexts- the environmental conditions leading to childhood musical success and the professional development of musicians during career transitions- professional and amateur musical identities- and music therapists' use of music technology in therapeutic settings. Karen is a member of the SEMPRE committee and Reviews Editor for British Journal of Music Education. Stephanie Pitts is a Professor of Music Education at the University of Sheffield, UK and author of A Century of Change in Music Education (Ashgate, 2000), Valuing Musical Participation (Ashgate, 2005) and Chances and Choices: Exploring the Impact of Music Education (2012).