He earned a Bachelor’s degree in Economics at Saga University, Japan. After that, he earned a Master’s degree and Ph.D. degree in Economics at Kyushu University, Japan. He was an assistant professor in the Faculty of Economics at Kyushu University. After that, he was a post-doctoral fellow at Research and Education Center of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University. Thereafter he was a post-doctoral fellow at Center for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Studies, Kyushu University. He has studied Public Economics. Especially, he has been interested in the theoretical studies of intergovernmental competition.