His areas of research include history-­‐social studies education, multicultural education, and schooling and collective memory. Though qualitative case studies in elementary and secondary classrooms he has investigated the contests over meaning that occur as teachers and students produce narratives of history, and efforts to create more inclusive narratives of history in K-­12 classrooms. More recently, he has investigated the unintended effects of high stakes testing in language arts and mathematics on social studies curriculum and instruction, and on teacher professionalism, in elementary classrooms.