According to his complaint, the defendants also placed calls to at least 10,000 other residential telephone lines within the TCPA statutory period, all of which conveyed an identical or nearly identical message to the one Bank received. No. 1:12-cv-1369 (WFK), slip op. at 2. Bank claimed that neither he nor any other member of the putative class had expressly invited or permitted the defendants to place pre-recorded phone calls to them and that defendants therefore violated the TCPA.