Her work is primarily an investigation of how film and other visual media represent what the world sounds like. Her first book ‘Sounding American’ explores the importance of opera and jazz during the conversion to sound in Hollywood and her second, ‘Mismatched Women’, examines the connection between women who don’t sound like they look and new technologies for recording and visualizing music, from Trilby and the phonograph to Susan Boyle and the internet. She has published articles and reviews in Camera Obscura; Music, Sound, and the Moving Image; Quarterly Review of Film and Video; and Popular Music and Society. Jennifer teaches courses on subjects ranging from film theory to horror film to women authors