He was awarded the Ph.D. degree from London South Bank University in 2001 and followed postdoctoral positions at Imperial College London and the University of Edinburgh. Dr. Notingher's research is focused on biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy, ranging from tip- and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for characterisation of bio-nanomaterials, noninvasive imaging of live cells by confocal Raman microspectroscopy and the development of fast Raman spectral imaging for intraoperative imaging and diagnosis. For more information, see http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzstm/biophotonics.htm.