Before joining the Grotius Centre in January 2016, he was a (postdoctoral) researcher and lecturer in international criminal law and procedure at the Faculty of Law of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (2012-15) and the Amsterdam Law School (2006-2012). He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Amsterdam, an LL.M. from Maastricht University, and a law degree from Bashkir State University (Russia).