She received her PhD in social psychology from Ohio University and completed postdoctoral training at Harvard University Kennedy School of Government. Dr. Ratcliff’s research program focuses on understanding the processes by which individuals develop and maintain both positive and negative attitudes toward marginalized out-groups. This work has been applied to understanding how to bring about positive relations between marginalized groups and majority groups in America (e.g., gay men and heterosexual individuals), as well as in Israel (e.g., Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis).