Her research focuses on individual differences and mechanisms of reward-based decision-making using neuroimaging, computational, genetics, and physiological methods. In particular, Kaileigh Byrne’s work examines how factors such as psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, aging, and performance pressure affect decision-making outcomes. She is interested in factors that affect individuals’ tendency to engage in goal-directed versus habit-based decision strategies, people’s ability to focus on immediate and delayed outcomes of their decisions, and individuals’ responses to gain and loss feedback during decision-making.