Most of his research concerns income and wealth distribution and long-run development, but he has also worked on political economy and the impact of natural resources on the economy. In addition to his research, Roine participates widely in the policy debate. He is one of the founders and regular contributor to the economics blog ekonomistas.se (written in Swedish). Roine has written a number of reports on issues such as globalization and the income distribution, the future of the Swedish welfare state, and how the Swedish government should manage its mineral resources. He is currently a member of the government’s commission on the future of work.