He was high school Physics teacher for six years before earning his Ph.D. in Learning Technologies in Science Education from the University of Michigan. His teacher education research focuses on understanding the development of science teachers' professional pedagogical vision through digital video analysis using Studiocode. He also is engaged in research in learning progressions in Plate Tectonics and Astronomy as part of the National Science Foundation funded Earth and Space Science Partnership (http://www.essp.psu.edu/). His research has been funded by the Knowles Science Teaching Foundation, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation.