He received his PhD in Criminology, Law and Society from the University of California, Irvine. His work examines the relationship between inequality and violence, community‐derived alternatives to the criminal legal system, and the lived realities of juvenile justice. Among other outlets, his work has appeared in Youth Justice, Social Justice, Theoretical Criminology, British Journal of Criminology and the Prison Journal. Along with Tim Goddard, he is working on a book entitled Youth, Community and the Struggle for Social Justice (Routledge, 2017).