He earned his B.A. in Administration of Justice from The Pennsylvania State University and Ph.D. in sociology from Yale University. At Yale he was a Jacob K. Javits Fellow and his dissertation examining the transportation of British convicts to America and Australia was awarded the Sociology Department’s Marvin B. Sussman prize for the best dissertation submitted in the past two years. In 2008 he and his coauthors, Stephen Mastrofski and David Weisburd, received the Law and Society Association’s article prize for a paper they published on Compstat. His current research focuses on examining the craft of policing (including its relationship to science) and assessing the effects of technology on police organization and practice.