His work examines the overall process of cognitive socialization—at the intersection of race, ethnicity and class—in terms of children’s and adolescents’ thinking about human rights, educational opportunity, and social justice. Currently, he is investigating how children’s perceptions of social exclusion and discrimination are influenced by their social experiences and interpretations of rights and justice. His research has appeared in Applied Developmental Science, Child Development, Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, Journal of Adolescence, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Journal of Early Adolescence, Journal of Research on Adolescence, and Journal of Youth and Adolescence. He has recently extended his work on young people’s perceptions of their rights to the U.K. and South Africa.