She is a past Project Director of Research Unit at University of Michigan, Dearborn and William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan. She is the author of Adoption: Let's Talk (Adoption Resources Press, 1990). James E. Gruber, Ph.D., is a professor of sociology at the University of Michigan, Dearborn. Joyce G. Conley, Ph.D., is the Assistant Director, Research Unit, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan. And Michael Sytniac is a graduate student in psychology at Bowling Green University, Ohio. This research was funded by a grant from the William Beaumont Hospital and the University of Michigan-Dearborn. Address correspondence to 24940 Fairmount, Dearborn, MI 48124, USA.