He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 2000 and has published a number of articles on the history of the Habsburg monarchy, nationalism, and monarchical celebration. He is currently completing a monograph on imperial celebrations and dynastic patriotism under emperor Franz Joseph. Laurence Cole studied history at Oxford University and received his Ph.D. from the European University Institute (Italy). He is currently lecturer in modern European History at the University of East Anglia, Norwich and has published Fur Gott, Kaiser und Vaterland. Nationale Identitat der deutschsprachigen Bevolkerung Tirols 1860-1914 (Frankfurt/New York, 2000), and several articles on Austrian and Habsburg history. He is also associate editor (reviews) of European History Quarterly.