He holds a PhD from the University of Turku, Finland, and is the author of numerous works on media archaeology and media arts, published in 12 languages. His recent publications include Mariosophy: The Culture of Electronic Games (2002), and articles in Future Cinema: The Cinematic Imaginary After Film (2004), Handbook of Computer Game Studies (2005) and Allegories of Communication (2005). He has written and directed three series for Finnish national television. He has served as curator of several international media art exhibitions, and as a member of many media festival juries and organization committees worldwide, including ISEA 2004, the ICC Biennale (Tokyo), the Interactive Media Festival (Los Angeles) and Portraits in Cyberspace (the MIT Media Lab).