He qualified at Middlesex Hospital and did his ophthalmological training at St Thomas’ Hospital, London and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London. Between 1987 and 1991 he was the Allerton Vision Research Fellow at the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, where he investigated the clinical applications of the diode laser in the treatment of ocular conditions and gained the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He has continued his research, mainly into the treatment of retinal disease, and has published extensively.