He also serves as a consultant for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Pai has previously served as co-chair of the Stop TB Partnership's Working Group on New Diagnostics. His research is focused on improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis, with a special emphasis on India, and is supported by grant funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grand Challenges Canada, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He is a recipient of the Union Scientific Prize from the International Union Against TB and Lung Disease, the Canadian Rising Star in Global Health Award from Grand Challenges Canada, and the Chanchlani Global Health Research Award. Dr. Pai holds a PhD in epidemiology from the University of California–Berkeley and an MD in community medicine from the Christian Medical College in Vellore, India.