He is also principal research specialist with the National Institute for Civil Discourse at the University of Arizona. Dr. Shaffer’s research centers on historical and contemporary forms of deliberative democracy and civic engagement in higher education and community settings. He is associate editor of the Journal of Public Deliberation, has published in multiple journals, and is co-editor of two forthcoming books—the first on engaged scholarship of university faculty to be published by Kettering Foundation Press and the second is focused on deliberative pedagogy in higher education settings to be published by Michigan State University Press. Shaffer received his PhD from Cornell University.