He did his undergraduate work at the University of Konstanz, Germany, and earned his Ph.D. from Humboldt University of Berlin, in 2004. As a postdoc, Müller was an Alexander von Humboldt fellow in the group of Steven Chu at Stanford, where he began studying atom interferometry. In 2009, he joined the physics faculty at UC Berkeley, where he leads a research group that uses matter-wave interferometry as both an applied technology and as a probe of fundamental physics.