Previously he lectured in Information Systems and Management at the University of York (UK), Information Technology at the University of Newcastle (UK) and was a researcher with the Business School and Department of Informatics at the University of Northumbria (UK). His broad research interests are how to manage the fit between technology and the social world. He is best known for his work on Communities of Practice and Knowledge Management although he has also published articles on Information Systems, Strategy and technological support for geographically distributed work. He has over 20 years of experience as an academic in France and the UK and he has published more than 80 articles in books and journals. He is the Senior Academic editor for the journal Global Business and Organizational Excellence, and on the editorial boards of the journals Information Research and e-Minds.