Her research in Egypt has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the Mellon Foundation and by the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. Her research has documented the effects of modern education and wage labor on other aspects of rural Egypt; women's status (University Microfilms 1985), the extended family (Urban Anthroplogy 1987), the village economy (Cairo Papers in Social Science 1991) and labor migration (International Journal of Middle East Studies 1991). Address correspondence to Lock Haven University, 102 Thomas Annex, Lock Haven, PA 17745.