His science is based on developing and exploiting new techniques for studying these systems, involving platforms, instrumentation, mathematical principles, and software, both alone and in collaboration with ocean observatory systems. Recently he has become interested in large-scale changes in the composition sea salt and the properties of seawater, contributed to the development of the new TEOS-10 seawater standard, and is currently the chair of the Joint SCOR/IAPSO/IAPWS Committee on the Properties of Seawater (JCS).