He received his B.S. in Biochemistry with honors from the University of York in 1995, and his Ph.D. in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology from the University of Manchester in 1999 working with Dr. Raymond Boot-Handford and Dr. Gillian Wallis on developmental disorders of collagen. Carl’s postdoctoral work was at the University of Manchester Medical School, then at a small biopharmaceutical company, NeuTec Pharma, located at the Manchester Royal infirmary where he worked on recombinant antibody synthesis.