He is admitted to the bar in New York and the District of Columbia. He received his B.A. from Wesleyan University and his J.D. from Boston University School of Law, and he reached the all-but-dissertation stage in Government and Politics at the University of Maryland. His articles include Considering the Earth as an Open System, published by the Journal of Earth System Science Education, and Mass Extinctions of Life: An Update on Astrophysical Causes, published by the Lake County (Illinois) Astronomical Society.