dcrodriguez/Code-of-Virginia huggingface dataset:
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7 (ARREST)
§ 19.2-82. Procedure upon arrest without warrant.
A. A person arrested without a warrant shall be brought forthwith before a magistrate or other issuing authority having jurisdiction who shall proceed to examine the officer making the arrest under oath. If the magistrate or other issuing authority having jurisdiction has lawful probable cause upon which to believe that a criminal offense has been committed, and that the person arrested has committed such offense, he shall issue either a warrant under the provisions of § 19.2-72 or a summons under the provisions of § 19.2-73.

As used in this section the term "brought before a magistrate or other issuing authority having jurisdiction" shall include a personal appearance before such authority or any two-way electronic video and audio communication meeting the requirements of § 19.2-3.1, in order that the accused and the arresting officer may simultaneously see and speak to such magistrate or authority. If electronic means are used, any documents filed may be transmitted in accordance with § 19.2-3.1.

If a warrant is issued the case shall thereafter be disposed of under the provisions of §§ 19.2-183 through 19.2-190, if the issuing officer is a judge; under the provisions of §§ 19.2-119 through 19.2-134, if the issuing officer is a magistrate or other issuing officer having jurisdiction.

If such warrant or summons is not issued, the person so arrested shall be released.

B. A warrant may be issued pursuant to this section, where the person has been arrested in accordance with § 19.2-81.6, and the magistrate or other issuing authority examines the officer making the arrest under oath, and finds lawful probable cause to believe the arrested individual meets the conditions of clauses (i) and (ii) of § 19.2-81.6. If such warrant is issued, it shall recite § 19.2-81.6 and the applicable violation of federal criminal law previously confirmed with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Upon the person being taken into federal custody, such state warrant shall be dismissed. Any warrant issued under this subsection shall expire within 72 hours, or when the person is taken into federal custody, whichever occurs first. Recurrent applications for a warrant under this subsection shall not be permitted within a six-month period except where confirmation has been received from Immigration and Customs Enforcement that the arrested person will be taken into federal custody.

Code 1950, § 19.1-100.1; 1968, c. 639; 1975, c. 495; 1981, c. 382; 1983, c. 564; 1984, c. 766; 1991, c. 41; 2002, c. 310; 2004, cc. 360, 412; 2009, c. 669.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7 (ARREST)
§ 19.2-82.1. Giving false identity to law-enforcement officer; penalty.
Any person who falsely identifies himself to a law-enforcement officer with the intent to deceive the law-enforcement officer as to his real identity after having been lawfully detained and after being requested to identify himself by a law-enforcement officer, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.

2006, c. 387.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7 (ARREST)
§ 19.2-83. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1994, c. 273.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7 (ARREST)
§ 19.2-83.2. Jail officer to ascertain citizenship of inmate.
Whenever any person is taken into custody at any jail for a felony offense, the sheriff or other officer in charge of such facility shall inquire as to whether the person (i) was born in a country other than the United States and (ii) is a citizen of a country other than the United States. The sheriff or other officer in charge of such facility shall make an immigration alien query to the Law Enforcement Support Center of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement for any person taken into custody for a felony who (i) was born in a country other than the United States and (ii) is a citizen of a country other than the United States, or for whom the answer to clause (i) or (ii) is unknown. The sheriff or other officer in charge shall communicate the results of any immigration alien query to the Local Inmate Data System of the State Compensation Board. The State Compensation Board shall communicate, on a monthly basis, the results of any immigration alien query that results in a confirmation that the person is illegally present in the United States to the Central Criminal Records Exchange of the Department of State Police in a format approved by the Exchange. The information received by the Central Criminal Records Exchange concerning the person's immigration status shall be recorded in the person's criminal history record.

2008, cc. 180, 415; 2020, cc. 995, 996.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7.1 (Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention)
§ 19.2-83.3. Definitions.
As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:

"Deadly force" means any force that is likely or intended to cause serious bodily injury or death.

"Deadly weapon" means any object, other than a body part or stationary object, that in the manner of its actual, attempted, or threatened use is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death.

"Excessive force" means any force that is objectively unreasonable given the totality of the circumstances, including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.

"Kinetic impact munitions" includes impact rounds and baton rounds, such as rubber batons, bean bag rounds, foam baton rounds, and plastic, wax, wood, or rubber-coated projectiles.

"Neck restraint" means the use of any body part or object to attempt to control or disable a person by applying pressure against the neck, including the trachea or carotid artery, with the purpose, intent, or effect of controlling or restricting the person's movement or restricting the person's blood flow or breathing, including chokeholds, carotid restraints, and lateral vascular neck restraints.

2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 25, 35, 37, 55.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7.1 (Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention)
§ 19.2-83.4. Prohibited practices for law-enforcement officers during an arrest or detention.
A. The use of a neck restraint by a law-enforcement officer is prohibited unless the use of a neck restraint is immediately necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person from death or serious bodily injury.

B. The willful discharge of a firearm by a law-enforcement officer into or at a moving vehicle is prohibited unless the discharge of a firearm is immediately necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person from death or serious bodily injury.

C. The use of kinetic impact munitions by a law-enforcement officer is prohibited unless the use of kinetic impact munitions is necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person from bodily injury.

2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 37, 55.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7.1 (Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention)
§ 19.2-83.5. Use of deadly force by a law-enforcement officer during an arrest or detention.
A. A law-enforcement officer shall not use deadly force against a person unless:

1. The law-enforcement officer reasonably believes that deadly force is immediately necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person, other than the subject of the use of deadly force, from the threat of serious bodily injury or death;

2. If feasible, the law-enforcement officer has provided a warning to the subject of the deadly force that he will use deadly force;

3. The law-enforcement officer's actions are reasonable, given the totality of the circumstances; and

4. All other options have been exhausted or do not reasonably lend themselves to the circumstances.

B. In determining if a law-enforcement officer's use of deadly force is proper, the following factors shall be considered:

1. The reasonableness of the law-enforcement officer's belief and actions from the perspective of a reasonable law-enforcement officer on the scene at the time of the incident; and

2. The totality of the circumstances, including (i) the amount of time available to the law-enforcement officer to make a decision; (ii) whether the subject of the use of deadly force (a) possessed or appeared to possess a deadly weapon and (b) refused to comply with the law-enforcement officer's lawful order to surrender an object believed to be a deadly weapon prior to the law-enforcement officer using deadly force; (iii) whether the law-enforcement officer engaged in de-escalation measures prior to the use of deadly force, including taking cover, waiting for backup, trying to calm the subject prior to the use of force, or using non-deadly force prior to the use of deadly force; (iv) whether any conduct by the law-enforcement officer prior to the use of deadly force intentionally increased the risk of a confrontation resulting in deadly force being used; and (v) the seriousness of the suspected crime.

2020, Sp. Sess. I, c. 37.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7.1 (Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention)
§ 19.2-83.6. Failure of a law-enforcement officer to intervene in use of excessive force.
A. Any law-enforcement officer who, while in the performance of his official duties, witnesses another law-enforcement officer engaging or attempting to engage in the use of excessive force against another person shall intervene, when such intervention is feasible, to end the use of excessive force or attempted use of excessive force, or to prevent the further use of excessive force. A law-enforcement officer shall also render aid, as circumstances reasonably permit, to any person injured as the result of the use of excessive force.

B. Any law-enforcement officer who intervenes pursuant to subsection A or who witnesses another law-enforcement officer engaging or attempting to engage in the use of excessive force against another person shall report such intervention or use of excessive force in accordance with the law-enforcement officer's employing agency's policies and procedures for reporting misconduct committed by a law-enforcement officer. No employing agency shall retaliate, threaten to retaliate, or take or threaten to take any disciplinary action against a law-enforcement officer who intervenes pursuant to subsection A or makes a report pursuant to this subsection.

2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 25, 37.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 7.1 (Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention)
§ 19.2-83.7. Penalties for violations of this chapter.
In addition to any other penalty authorized by law, any law-enforcement officer who knowingly violates the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to disciplinary action, including dismissal, demotion, suspension, or transfer of the law-enforcement officer or decertification as provided in subsection E of § 15.2-1707.

2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 25, 35, 37, 55; 2024, c. 494.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-100. Arrest without warrant.
The arrest of a person may be lawfully made also by any peace officer or private person without a warrant upon reasonable information that the accused stands charged in the courts of a state with a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year. But when so arrested the accused shall be taken before a judge, magistrate or other officer authorized to issue criminal warrants in the Commonwealth with all practicable speed and complaint made against him under oath setting forth the ground for the arrest as in § 19.2-99, and thereafter his answer shall be heard as if he had been arrested on a warrant.

Code 1950, § 19.1-64; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-101. Confinement to await requisition; bail.
If from the examination before the judge it appears that the person held pursuant to either of the two preceding sections is the person charged with having committed the crime alleged and, except in cases arising under § 19.2-91, that he has fled from justice, the judge shall, by a warrant reciting the accusation, commit him to jail for such a time, not exceeding thirty days, specified in the warrant as will enable the arrest of the accused to be made under a warrant of the Governor on a requisition of the executive authority of the state having jurisdiction of the offense, unless the accused give bail as provided in the next section, or until he shall be legally discharged.

Code 1950, § 19.1-65; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-102. In what cases bail allowed; conditions of bond.
Unless the offense with which the prisoner is charged is shown to be an offense punishable by life imprisonment under the laws of the state in which it was committed, any judge, magistrate or other person authorized by law to admit persons to bail in the Commonwealth may admit the person arrested to bail by bond, with sufficient sureties, and in such sum as he deems proper, conditioned upon his appearance before a judge at a time specified in such bond and upon his surrender for arrest upon the warrant of the Governor of the Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-66; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-103. Discharge, recommitment or renewal of bail.
If the accused is not arrested under warrant of the Governor by the expiration of the time specified in the warrant or bond, any judge in this Commonwealth may discharge him or may recommit him for a further period not to exceed sixty days, or such judge may again take bail for his appearance and surrender, as provided in the preceding section, but within a period not to exceed sixty days after the date of such new bond.

Code 1950, § 19.1-67; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-104. Forfeiture of bail.
If the prisoner is admitted to bail and fails to appear and surrender himself according to the conditions of his bond, any judge of a circuit or general district court by proper order, shall declare the bond forfeited and order his immediate arrest without warrant if he be within this Commonwealth. Recovery may be had on such bond in the name of the Commonwealth as in the case of other bonds given by the accused in criminal proceedings within this Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-68; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-105. Persons under criminal prosecution in this Commonwealth at time of requisition.
If a criminal prosecution has been instituted against such person under the laws of this Commonwealth and is still pending, the Governor, in his discretion, either may surrender him on demand of the executive authority of another state or hold him until he has been tried and discharged or convicted and punished in this Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-69; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-106. When guilt or innocence of accused inquired into.
The guilt or innocence of the accused as to the crime of which he is charged may not be inquired into by the Governor or in any proceeding after the demand for extradition accompanied by a charge of crime in legal form as above provided shall have been presented to the Governor, except as it may be involved in identifying the person held as the person charged with the crime.

Code 1950, § 19.1-70; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-107. Governor may recall warrant or issue alias.
The Governor may recall his warrant of arrest or may issue another warrant whenever he deems it proper.

Code 1950, § 19.1-71; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-108. Fugitives from this Commonwealth; duty of Governor.
Whenever the Governor shall demand a person charged with crime or with escaping from confinement or breaking the terms of his bail, probation or parole in this Commonwealth, from the executive authority of any other state, or from the chief justice or an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia authorized to receive such demand under the laws of the United States, he shall issue a warrant under the seal of this Commonwealth to some agent commanding him to receive the person so charged if delivered to him and convey him to the proper officer of the county or city in this Commonwealth in which the offense was committed. Nothing herein shall prevent the sheriff or police chief of a county or city who has been directed to execute such warrant from authorizing a private prisoner transportation company meeting the minimum qualifications set by the Department of Criminal Justice Services to receive and return the person to the Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-72; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2009, c. 848.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-109. Application for requisition for return of person charged with crime.
When the return to this Commonwealth of a person charged with crime in this Commonwealth is required, the attorney for the Commonwealth shall present to the Governor his written application for a requisition for the return of the person charged, in which application shall be stated the name of the person so charged, the crime charged against him, the approximate time, place and circumstances of its commission, the state in which he is believed to be, including the location of the accused therein at the time the application is made, and certifying that, in the opinion of the attorney for the Commonwealth, the ends of justice require the arrest and return of the accused to this Commonwealth for trial and that the proceeding is not instituted to enforce a private claim.

Code 1950, § 19.1-73; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-110. Application for requisition for return of escaped convict, etc.
When the return to this Commonwealth is required of a person who has been convicted of a crime in this Commonwealth and has escaped from confinement or broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole, the attorney for the Commonwealth, of the county or city in which the offense was committed, or the warden of the institution or sheriff of the county or city from which the escape was made, shall present to the Governor a written application for a requisition for the return of such person, in which application shall be stated the name of the person, the crime of which he was convicted, the circumstances of his escape from confinement or of the breach of the terms of his bail, probation or parole and the state in which he is believed to be, including the location of the person therein at the time application is made.

Code 1950, § 19.1-74; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-111. Form of such applications; copies, etc.
The application shall be verified by affidavit, shall be executed in duplicate and shall be accompanied by two certified copies of the indictment returned, or information and affidavit filed, or of the complaint made to the judge of a circuit or general district court or other officer issuing the warrant stating the offense with which the accused is charged, or of the judgment of conviction or of the sentence. The attorney for the Commonwealth, warden or sheriff may also attach such further affidavits and other documents in duplicate as he shall deem proper to be submitted with such application. One copy of the application, with the action of the Governor indicated by endorsement thereon, and one of the certified copies of the indictment, complaint, information, and affidavits, or of the judgment of conviction or of the sentence shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, to remain of record in that office. The other copies of all papers shall be forwarded with the Governor's requisition.

Code 1950, § 19.1-75; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-112. Costs and expenses of extradition.
A. The expenses incident to the extradition of any person under the four preceding sections may be paid out of the state treasury, on warrants of the Comptroller issued upon vouchers signed by the Governor, or such other person as may be designated by him for such purpose.

B. If the person extradited is found guilty, or if the person was extradited after illegally leaving the Commonwealth while on parole or on probation, the person extradited, and not the Commonwealth, shall be responsible for the costs and expenses of extradition. The state treasury shall continue to reimburse local jurisdictions for the costs and expenses of extradition. The fugitive shall pay the costs and expenses of his extradition into the state treasury.

Code 1950, § 19.1-76; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 1999, c. 322; 2002, c. 622.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-113. Immunity from service of process in certain civil actions.
A person brought into this Commonwealth by, or after waiver of, extradition based on a criminal charge shall not be subject to service of personal process in civil actions arising out of the same facts as the criminal proceeding to answer which he is being or has been returned, until he has been convicted in the criminal proceeding, or, if acquitted, until he has had reasonable opportunity to return to the state from which he was extradited.

Code 1950, § 19.1-77; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-114. Written waiver of extradition proceedings.
Any person arrested in this Commonwealth charged with having committed any crime in another state or alleged to have escaped from confinement, or broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole may waive the issuance and service of the warrant provided for in §§ 19.2-92 and 19.2-93 and all other procedures incidental to extradition proceedings by executing or subscribing in the presence of a judge of a circuit or district court within this Commonwealth a writing which states that he consents to return to the demanding state. However, before the waiver is executed or subscribed by the person, it shall be the duty of the judge to inform the person of his rights to the issuance and service of a warrant of extradition and to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as provided for in § 19.2-95.

If and when such consent has been duly executed, it shall forthwith be forwarded to the office of the Governor and filed therein. The judge shall direct the officer having the person in custody to promptly deliver him to the duly accredited agent of the demanding state, and shall deliver or cause to be delivered to such agent a copy of the consent.

This section shall not be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding state, nor shall this waiver procedure be deemed to be an executive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of the demanding state or of this Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-78; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 1992, c. 306.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-115. Nonwaiver by this Commonwealth.
Nothing in this chapter contained shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by this Commonwealth of its right, power or privilege to try such demanded person for crime committed within this Commonwealth, or of its right, power or privilege to regain custody of such person by extradition proceedings or otherwise for the purpose of trial, sentence or punishment for any crime committed within this Commonwealth, nor shall any proceedings had under this chapter which result in, or fail to result in, extradition be deemed a waiver by this Commonwealth of any of its rights, privileges or jurisdiction in any way whatsoever.

Code 1950, § 19.1-79; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-116. No right of asylum; no immunity from other criminal prosecutions while in this Commonwealth.
After a person has been brought back to this Commonwealth by, or after waiver of, extradition proceedings he may be tried in this Commonwealth for other crimes which he may be charged with having committed here as well as that specified in the requisition for his extradition.

Code 1950, § 19.1-80; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-117. Interpretation of article.
The provisions of this article shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purposes to make uniform the law of those states which enact statutes similar thereto.

Code 1950, § 19.1-81; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-118. Short title.
This article may be cited as the Uniform Criminal Extradition Act.

Code 1950, § 19.1-82; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-84. Governor to surrender on requisition of President.
The Governor shall whenever required by the executive authority of the United States, pursuant to the Constitution and laws thereof, deliver over to justice any person found within the Commonwealth, who is charged with having committed any crime without the jurisdiction of the United States.

Code 1950, § 19.1-47; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-85. Definitions.
When appearing in this chapter:

(1) The term "Governor" includes any person performing the functions of Governor by authority of the law of this Commonwealth;

(2) The term "executive authority" includes the Governor, and any person performing the functions of Governor in a state other than this Commonwealth;

(3) The term "State," referring to a state other than this Commonwealth, includes any other state or territory, organized or unorganized, of the United States of America, and the District of Columbia; and

(4) The term "judge" means a judge of a court of record having criminal jurisdiction.

Code 1950, § 19.1-49; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-86. Fugitives from justice; duty of Governor.
Subject to the provisions of this chapter, the provisions of the Constitution of the United States controlling, and any and all acts of Congress enacted in pursuance thereof, the Governor shall have arrested and delivered up to the executive authority of any other of the United States any person charged in that state with treason, felony, or other crime, who has fled from justice and is found in this Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-50; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-87. Form of demand.
No demand for the extradition of a person charged with, or convicted of, crime in another state shall be recognized by the Governor unless in writing alleging, except in cases arising under § 19.2-91, that the accused was present in the demanding state at the time of the commission of the alleged crime and that thereafter he fled from such state, and accompanied: (1) by a copy of an indictment found, (2) by a copy or an information supported by an affidavit filed in the state having jurisdiction of the crime, (3) by a copy of an affidavit made before a magistrate in such state together with a copy of any warrant which was issued thereupon, or (4) by a copy of a judgment of conviction or of a sentence imposed in execution thereof together with a statement by the executive authority of the demanding state that the person claimed has escaped from confinement or has broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole. The indictment, information or affidavit made before the magistrate must substantially charge the person demanded with having committed a crime under the law of that state; and the copy of the indictment, information, affidavit, judgment of conviction or sentence must be authenticated by the executive authority making the demand.

Code 1950, § 19.1-51; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-88. Governor may investigate case.
When a demand shall be made upon the Governor by the executive authority of another state for the surrender of a person so charged with, or convicted of, crime, the Governor may call upon the Attorney General or any other officer of this Commonwealth to investigate or assist in investigating the demand and to report to him the situation and circumstances of the person so demanded and whether he ought to be surrendered.

Code 1950, § 19.1-52; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-89. Extradition of persons imprisoned or awaiting trial in another state.
When it is desired to have returned to this Commonwealth a person charged in this Commonwealth with a crime and such person is imprisoned or is held under criminal proceedings then pending against him in another state, the Governor may agree with the executive authority of such other state for the extradition of such person before the conclusion of such proceedings or his term of sentence in such other state, upon condition that such person be returned to such other state at the expense of this Commonwealth as soon as the prosecution in this Commonwealth is terminated.

Code 1950, § 19.1-53; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-90. Extradition of persons who have left demanding state involuntarily.
The Governor may also surrender on demand of the executive authority of any other state any person in this Commonwealth who is charged in the manner provided in §§ 19.2-109 to 19.2-111, with having violated the laws of the state whose executive authority is making the demand, even though such person left the demanding state involuntarily.

Code 1950, § 19.1-54; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-91. Extradition of persons not in demanding state at time of commission of crime.
The Governor may also surrender, on demand of the executive authority of any other state, any person in this Commonwealth charged in such other state in the manner provided in § 19.2-87 with committing an act in this Commonwealth, or in a third state, intentionally resulting in a crime in the state whose executive authority is making the demand. The provisions of this chapter not otherwise inconsistent shall apply to such cases, even though the accused was not in that state at the time of the commission of the crime, and has not fled therefrom.

Code 1950, § 19.1-55; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-92. Issuance of Governor's warrant of arrest; its recitals.
If the Governor decides that a demand for the extradition of a person, charged with, or convicted of, crime in another state should be complied with, he shall sign a warrant of arrest, which shall be sealed with the state seal, and be directed to the sheriff or sergeant of any county or city or to any peace officer or other person whom he may think fit to entrust with the execution thereof. The warrant must substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance. Any electronically transmitted facsimile of a Governor's warrant shall be treated as an original document, provided the original is received within four working days of receipt of the facsimile.

Code 1950, § 19.1-56; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2001, cc. 214, 226; 2011, c. 59.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-93. Manner and place of execution of warrant.
Such warrant shall authorize the officer or other person to whom it is directed to arrest the accused at any time and at any place where he may be found within the Commonwealth and to command the aid of all peace officers or other persons in the execution of the warrant and to deliver the accused, subject to the provisions of this chapter, to the duly authorized agent of the demanding state.

Code 1950, § 19.1-57; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-94. Assistance to arresting officer.
Every officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, as provided in the preceding section, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein as the sheriffs and sergeants of the several counties and cities of this Commonwealth have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse to render their assistance.

Code 1950, § 19.1-58; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-95. Rights of accused persons; application for writ of habeas corpus.
No person arrested upon such warrant shall be delivered over to the agent whom the executive authority demanding him shall have appointed to receive him unless he shall first be taken forthwith before a judge of a circuit or general district court in the Commonwealth, who shall inform him of the demand made for his surrender and of the crime with which he is charged, and that he has the right to demand and procure legal counsel; and if the prisoner or his counsel shall state that he or they desire to test the legality of his arrest, the judge shall fix a reasonable time to be allowed him within which to apply for a writ of habeas corpus. When such writ is applied for, notice thereof and of the time and place of hearing thereon shall be given to the attorney for the Commonwealth of the county or city in which the arrest is made and in which the accused is in custody, and to the agent of the demanding state.

Code 1950, § 19.1-59; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2005, c. 839.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-96. Penalty for noncompliance with preceding section.
Any officer who shall deliver to the agent for extradition of the demanding state a person in his custody under the Governor's warrant in willful disobedience to the last preceding section shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.

Code 1950, § 19.1-60; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-97. Confinement in jail when necessary.
The officer or persons executing the Governor's warrant of arrest, or the agent of the demanding state to whom the prisoner may have been delivered, may, when necessary, confine the prisoner in the jail of any county or city through which he may pass; and the keeper of such jail shall receive and safely keep the prisoner until the officer or person having charge of him is ready to proceed on his route, such officer or person being chargeable with the expense of keeping.

Code 1950, § 19.1-61; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-98. Same; for prisoners being taken through Commonwealth.
The officer or agent of a demanding state to whom a prisoner may have been delivered following extradition proceedings in another state or to whom a prisoner may have been delivered after waiving extradition in such other state, and who is passing through this Commonwealth with such prisoner for the purpose of returning immediately such prisoner to the demanding state may, when necessary, confine the prisoner in the jail of any county or city through which he may pass; and the keeper of such jail shall receive and safely keep the prisoner until the officer or agent having charge of him is ready to proceed on his route, such officer or agent, however, being chargeable with the expense of keeping, provided, however, that such officer or agent shall deliver to the jailer the warrant or legal order authorizing custody of the prisoner. Such prisoner shall not be entitled to demand a new requisition while in this Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 19.1-62; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 8 (Extradition of Criminals)
§ 19.2-99. Arrest prior to requisition.
Whenever: (1) any person within this Commonwealth shall be charged on the oath of any credible person before any judge, magistrate or other officer authorized to issue criminal warrants in this Commonwealth with the commission of any crime in any other state and, except in cases arising under § 19.2-91, (a) with having fled from justice, (b) with having been convicted of a crime in that state and of having escaped from confinement, or (c) of having broken the terms of his bail, probation, or parole, or (2) complaint shall have been made before any such judge, magistrate or other officer in this Commonwealth setting forth on the affidavit of any credible person in another state that a crime has been committed in such other state and that the accused has been charged in such state with the commission of the crime, and, except in cases arising under § 19.2-91, (a) has fled from justice, (b) having been convicted of a crime in that state has escaped from confinement, or (c) broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole, and that the accused is believed to be in this Commonwealth, such judge, magistrate or other officer shall issue a warrant directed to any sheriff or to any peace officer commanding him to apprehend the person named therein, wherever he may be found in this Commonwealth, and to bring him before any judge who may be available in or convenient of access to the place where the arrest may be made, to answer the charge of complaint and affidavit. A certified copy of the sworn charge or complaint and affidavit upon which the warrant is issued shall be attached to the warrant.

Code 1950, § 19.1-63; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 9 (BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES)
§ 19.2-119. Definitions.
As used in this chapter:

"Bail" means the pretrial release of a person from custody upon those terms and conditions specified by order of an appropriate judicial officer.

"Bond" means the posting by a person or his surety of a written promise to pay a specific sum, secured or unsecured, ordered by an appropriate judicial officer as a condition of bail to assure performance of the terms and conditions contained in the recognizance.

"Criminal history" means records and data collected by criminal justice agencies or persons consisting of identifiable descriptions and notations of arrests, detentions, indictments, informations or other formal charges, and any deposition arising therefrom.

"Judicial officer" means, unless otherwise indicated, any magistrate serving the jurisdiction, any judge of a district court and the clerk or deputy clerk of any district court or circuit court within their respective cities and counties, any judge of a circuit court, any judge of the Court of Appeals and any justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

"Person" means any accused, or any juvenile taken into custody pursuant to § 16.1-246.

"Recognizance" means a signed commitment by a person to appear in court as directed and to adhere to any other terms ordered by an appropriate judicial officer as a condition of bail.

Code 1950, § 19.1-109.1; 1973, c. 485; 1974, c. 114; 1975, c. 495; 1984, c. 703; 1991, c. 581; 1993, c. 636; 1999, cc. 829, 846; 2008, cc. 551, 691.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 9 (BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES)
§ 19.2-120.1. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 337, cl. 2, effective July 1, 2021.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 9 (BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES)
§ 19.2-121. Fixing terms of bail.
A. If the person is admitted to bail, the terms thereof shall be such as, in the judgment of any official granting or reconsidering the same, will be reasonably fixed to ensure the appearance of the accused and to ensure his good behavior pending trial. The judicial officer shall take into account (i) the nature and circumstances of the offense; (ii) whether a firearm is alleged to have been used in the offense; (iii) the weight of the evidence; (iv) the financial resources of the accused or juvenile and his ability to pay bond; (v) the character of the accused or juvenile including his family ties, employment or involvement in education; (vi) his length of residence in the community; (vii) his record of convictions; (viii) his appearance at court proceedings or flight to avoid prosecution or failure to appear at court proceedings; (ix) whether the person is likely to obstruct or attempt to obstruct justice, or threaten, injure, or intimidate, or attempt to threaten, injure, or intimidate a prospective witness, juror, or victim; and (x) any other information available which the court considers relevant to the determination of whether the accused or juvenile is unlikely to appear for court proceedings.

B. When a magistrate conducts a bail hearing for a person arrested on a warrant or capias for a jailable offense, the magistrate shall describe the information considered under subsection A on a form provided by the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court and shall transmit the completed form to the circuit court or district court before which the warrant or capias is returnable, and if such jailable offense is an act of violence as defined in § 19.2-297.1, then such magistrate shall transmit within 24 hours a copy of the completed form to the attorney for the Commonwealth for the jurisdiction where the warrant or capias is returnable. Transmission of such copy to the attorney for the Commonwealth may be by facsimile or other electronic means.

C. In any case where the accused has appeared and otherwise met the conditions of bail, no bond therefor shall be used to satisfy fines and costs unless agreed to by the person who posted such bond.

1975, c. 495; 1978, c. 755; 1980, c. 190; 1991, c. 581; 1992, c. 576; 1993, c. 636; 1999, cc. 829, 846; 2019, c. 176; 2022, cc. 47, 48.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 9 (BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES)
§ 19.2-122. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1986, c. 327.
Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 9 (BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES)
§ 19.2-124. Appeal from bail, bond, or recognizance order.
A. If a judicial officer denies bail to a person, requires excessive bond, or fixes unreasonable terms of a recognizance under this article, the person may appeal the decision of the judicial officer.

If the initial bail decision on a charge brought by a warrant or district court capias is made by a magistrate, clerk, or deputy clerk, the person shall first appeal to the district court in which the case is pending.

If the initial bail decision on a charge brought by direct indictment or presentment or circuit court capias is made by a magistrate, clerk, or deputy clerk, the person shall first appeal to the circuit court in which the case is pending.

If the appeal of an initial bail decision is taken on any charge originally pending in a district court after that charge has been appealed, certified, or transferred to a circuit court, the person shall first appeal to the circuit court in which the case is pending.

Any bail decision made by a judge of a court may be appealed successively by the person to the next higher court, up to and including the Supreme Court of Virginia, where permitted by law.

The bail decision of the higher court on such appeal, unless the higher court orders otherwise, shall be remanded to the court in which the case is pending for enforcement and modification. The court in which the case is pending shall not modify the bail decision of the higher court, except upon a change in the circumstances subsequent to the decision of the higher court.

B. The attorney for the Commonwealth may appeal a bail, bond, or recognizance decision to the same court to which the accused person is required to appeal under subsection A.

C. The court granting or denying such bail may, upon appeal thereof, and for good cause shown, stay execution of such order for so long as reasonably practicable for the party to obtain an expedited hearing before the next higher court.

No such stay under this subsection may be granted after any person who has been granted bail has been released from custody on such bail.

D. No filing or service fees shall be assessed or collected for any appeal taken pursuant to this section.

Code 1950, §§ 19.1-109.3, 19.1-112; 1960, c. 366; 1973, cc. 130, 485; 1975, c. 495; 1978, c. 755; 1984, c. 703; 1991, c. 581; 1999, cc. 829, 846; 2007, cc. 462, 549; 2010, cc. 404, 592; 2013, cc. 408, 474; 2016, c. 621; 2019, c. 616; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 337.

Code of Virginia — Title 19.2 (Criminal Procedure), Chapter 9 (BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES)
§ 19.2-125. Release pending appeal from conviction in court not of record.
A person who has been convicted of an offense in a district court and who has noted an appeal shall be given credit for any bond that he may have posted in the court from which he appeals and shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of this article. The court shall not require any new bond for the release of such person pending the appeal.

Code 1950, § 19.1-109.4; 1973, c. 485; 1975, c. 495; 1978, c. 755; 1999, cc. 829, 846; 2025, c. 305.