dcrodriguez/Code-of-Virginia huggingface dataset:
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 19.1 (College Partnership Laboratory Schools)
§ 22.1-349.2. College Partnership Laboratory School Fund.
There is created in the state treasury a special nonreverting fund to be known as the College Partnership Laboratory School Fund, referred to in this section as "the Fund." The Fund shall be established on the books of the Comptroller. All funds appropriated in accordance with the general appropriation act and any gifts, grants, bequests, or donations from public or private sources shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Fund. Interest earned on moneys in the Fund shall remain in the Fund and be credited to the Fund. Any moneys remaining in the Fund, including interest thereon, at the end of each fiscal year shall not revert to the general fund but shall remain in the Fund. Moneys in the Fund shall be used solely for the purposes of establishing or supporting college partnership laboratory schools that stimulate the development of alternative education programs for preschool through grade 12 students by providing opportunities for innovative instruction and greater cooperation and coordination between institutions of higher education and preschool through grade 12 education systems. Expenditures and disbursements from the Fund shall be made by the State Treasurer on warrants issued by the Comptroller upon written request signed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Board shall establish criteria for making distributions from the Fund to a college partnership laboratory school requesting moneys from the Fund and may issue guidelines governing the Fund as it deems necessary and appropriate.

2010, cc. 816, 871, § 23-299.1; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 19.1 (College Partnership Laboratory Schools)
§ 22.1-349.4. Contracts for college partnership laboratory schools; release from certain policies and regulations.
A. The contract between the college partnership laboratory school and the Board shall reflect all agreements regarding the release of the college partnership laboratory school from state regulations, consistent with the requirements of subsection C of § 22.1-349.3. If the college partnership laboratory school application proposes a program to increase the educational opportunities for at-risk students, the Board may approve an Individual School Accreditation Plan for the evaluation of the performance of the school.

B. Any material revision of the terms of the contract may be made only with the approval of the Board and the governing board of the college partnership laboratory school.

2010, cc. 816, 871, § 23-299.3; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 19.1 (College Partnership Laboratory Schools)
§ 22.1-349.6. Review of college partnership laboratory school applications.
A. The Board shall establish procedures for receiving, reviewing, and ruling upon applications and shall make a copy of any such procedures available to all interested parties upon request. If the Board finds that the application is incomplete, the Board shall request the necessary additional information from the applicant. The Board's review procedures shall establish a review committee that may include experts with the operation of similar schools located in other states.

B. To provide appropriate opportunity for input from parents, teachers, and other interested parties and to obtain information to assist the Board in its evaluation of a college partnership laboratory school application, the Board may establish a procedure for public notice, comment, or hearings on such applications.

2010, cc. 816, 871, § 23-299.5; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 19.1 (College Partnership Laboratory Schools)
§ 22.1-349.7. Decision of the Board final.
The decision of the Board to grant or deny a college partnership laboratory school application or to revoke or fail to renew an agreement is final and is not subject to appeal.

2010, cc. 816, 871, § 23-299.6; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 19.1 (College Partnership Laboratory Schools)
§ 22.1-349.8. College partnership laboratory school terms; renewals and revocations.
A. A college partnership laboratory school may be approved or renewed for a period not to exceed five school years. A college partnership laboratory school renewal application submitted to the Board shall contain:

1. A report on the progress of the school in achieving the goals, objectives, program and performance standards for students, and such other conditions and terms as the Board may require upon granting initial approval of the college partnership laboratory school application; and

2. A financial statement, on forms prescribed by the Board, that discloses the costs of administration, instruction, and other spending categories for the school and that has been concisely and clearly written to enable the Board and the public to compare such costs with those of other schools or comparable organizations.

B. The Board may revoke a contract if the college partnership laboratory school does any of the following or otherwise fails to comply with the provisions of this chapter:

1. Commits a material and substantial violation of any of the terms, conditions, standards, or procedures required under this chapter or the contract;

2. Fails to meet or make sufficient progress toward the performance expectations set forth in the contract;

3. Fails to meet generally accepted standards of fiscal management; or

4. Substantially violates any material provision of law from which the college partnership laboratory school was not exempted.

C. If the Board revokes or does not renew a college partnership laboratory school contract, it shall clearly state, in a resolution, the reasons for the revocation or nonrenewal.

2010, cc. 816, 871, § 23-299.7; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 19.1 (College Partnership Laboratory Schools)
§ 22.1-349.9. Employment of professional, licensed personnel.
A. College partnership laboratory school personnel are employees of the institution of higher education that establishes the school.

B. Teachers who work in a college partnership laboratory school shall hold a license issued by the Board or, in the case of an instructor in the Board-approved teacher education program of the institution of higher education, be eligible to hold a Virginia teaching license. Teachers working in a college partnership laboratory school are subject to the requirements of §§ 22.1-296.1, 22.1-296.2, and 22.1-296.4 applicable to teachers employed by a local school board.

C. Professional, licensed personnel of a college partnership laboratory school shall be granted the same employment benefits given to professional, licensed personnel in public schools in accordance with the agreement between the college partnership laboratory school and the Board.

2010, cc. 816, 871, § 23-299.8; 2012, c. 170; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-10. President.
The Board shall elect from its membership a president for a term of two years.

Code 1950, § 22-13; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 203; 1980, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-11. Quorum.
A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

Code 1950, § 22-14; 1980, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-12. Oath of office.
Before entering upon the duties of office, a person appointed to the Board shall take and subscribe the oath prescribed for an officer of this Commonwealth as provided in Chapter 1 (§ 49-1 et seq.) of Title 49.

Code 1950, § 22-15; 1980, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-13. Meetings.
Meetings of the Board shall be held upon the call of the president or upon request of a majority of its members. The president shall give due notice to all the members of the time and place of all meetings. The place of meeting shall ordinarily be the office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction.

Code 1950, § 22-17; 1980, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-14. Minutes.
The minutes of each meeting of the Board shall be signed by the person presiding at such meeting.

Code 1950, § 22-18; 1980, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-15. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1980, c. 728.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16. Bylaws and regulations generally.
The Board of Education may adopt bylaws for its own government and promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to carry out its powers and duties and the provisions of this title.

Code 1950, § 22-19; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 203; 1980, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.1. Board to establish regulations regarding human research.
The Board shall promulgate regulations pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) to effectuate the provisions of Chapter 5.1 (§ 32.1-162.16 et seq.) of Title 32.1 for human research, as defined in § 32.1-162.16, to be conducted or authorized by the Department of Education or any public schools including the Virginia Schools for the Deaf and the Blind or any proprietary schools certified by the Board. The regulations shall require the human research committee to submit to the Governor, the General Assembly, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction or his designee at least annually a report on the human research projects reviewed and approved by the committee and shall require the committee to report any significant deviations from the proposals as approved.

1992, c. 603.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.2. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 2022, c. 355.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.3. Cooperation with other state agencies regarding students placed in group homes or residential facilities having educational programs.
A. In addition to the requirement to cooperate with other state departments in licensing and certification of residential schools for students with disabilities, the Department of Education shall cooperate with other state departments in fulfilling their respective licensing and certification responsibilities and in reducing and simplifying the regulations involved in the licensing and certification of group homes and residential facilities for children when such homes or facilities include an educational program. The Board shall promulgate regulations allowing the Department of Education to so assist and cooperate with other state departments.

B. The Board's regulations shall address the services required to be provided in such homes and facilities as it may deem appropriate to ensure the education and safety of the students. In addition, the Board's regulations shall include, but shall not be limited to (i) specifications for the structure and accommodations of such homes or facilities according to the needs of the children to be placed; (ii) rules concerning allowable activities, local government and home- or facility-imposed curfews, and study, recreational, and bedtime hours; and (iii) a requirement that each home or facility have a community liaison who shall be responsible for facilitating cooperative relationships with the neighbors, the local school division, local law enforcement, local government officials, and the community at large.

2005, cc. 358, 471.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.4. Nutrition and physical activity best practices database.
The Department of Education shall develop and maintain a nutrition and physical activity best practices database. The database shall contain the results of any wellness-related fitness testing done by local school divisions, as well as information on successful programs and policies implemented by local school divisions designed to improve nutrition and physical activity in the public schools. This information may include (i) a description of the program or policy, (ii) advice on implementation, (iii) any assessment of the program or policy, (iv) a contact person from the local school division, and (v) any other information the Department deems appropriate. The database shall be readily accessible to all local school divisions in the Commonwealth and the Department of Health. While the Board shall encourage local school divisions to submit information to the database, no school division shall be required to submit information.

2008, cc. 47, 398.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.5. Training materials on human trafficking.
The Board, in collaboration with the Department of Social Services, shall provide awareness and training materials for local school division staff on human trafficking, including strategies for the prevention of trafficking of children.

2012, cc. 317, 370.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.6. Guidelines for alternatives to suspension.
The Board of Education shall establish guidelines for alternatives to short-term and long-term suspension for consideration by local school boards. Such alternatives may include positive behavior incentives, mediation, peer-to-peer counseling, community service, and other intervention alternatives.

2017, cc. 231, 303.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.7. Regulations regarding endorsement to teach military science.
The State Board of Education shall amend its regulations to require that persons seeking a technical professional license with an endorsement to teach military science have either the appropriate credentials issued by the United States military or a recommendation from a Virginia employing educational agency.

2020, cc. 108, 109.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-16.8. Instructional material; sexually explicit content; parental notification.
A. As used in this section, "sexually explicit content" has the same meaning as provided in subsection A of § 2.2-2827.

B. The Department shall develop and make available to each school board model policies for ensuring parental notification of any instructional material that includes sexually explicit content and include information, guidance, procedures, and standards relating to:

1. Ensuring parental notification;

2. Directly identifying the specific instructional material and sexually explicit subjects; and

3. Permitting the parent of any student to review instructional material that includes sexually explicit content and provide, as an alternative, nonexplicit instructional material and related academic activities to any student whose parent so requests.

C. Each school board shall adopt policies that are consistent with but may be more comprehensive than the model policies developed by the Department pursuant to subsection B.

2022, c. 100.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17. Statements concerning regulations.
Not less than sixty days prior to the adoption of any regulation affecting school divisions, the Board of Education and the Department of Education shall prepare a statement as to the administrative impact of such regulation on school divisions and the projected costs of implementation of and compliance with such regulation and shall send a copy thereof to each division superintendent.

Code 1950, § 22-19.01; 1976, c. 602; 1980, c. 559; 1988, c. 234.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.01. Definition of "intervener.".
For the purposes of regulations promulgated by the Board of Education, "intervener" means an individual with knowledge and skill in the mode of communication of a deaf-blind student and who can communicate to the deaf-blind student what is occurring in the student's educational setting.

2013, c. 729.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.02. Definition of "student with limited or interrupted formal education".
A. The Department shall develop and adopt a common statewide definition for the term "student with limited or interrupted formal education" and shall require local school divisions to report the number of students who fall under such definition as part of the required data collection and reporting on average daily membership for the purposes of documenting any changes in such numbers over time.

B. The Board shall evaluate the supports and programs available to students with limited or interrupted formal education in local school divisions to determine whether the calculations for the school quality indicators within the Board's Regulations Establishing the Standards for Accrediting Public Schools in Virginia (8VAC20-131-5 et seq.) are appropriate or whether changes in methodology could be made to more comprehensively measure the academic and nonacademic achievement of such student population. Such evaluation shall be completed to make the necessary revisions to impact the methodology for the calculation of school accreditation ratings for the 2021-2022 school year.

2020, c. 696.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.1. Regulations for reenrollment.
The Board of Education, in cooperation with the Board of Juvenile Justice, shall promulgate regulations for the reenrollment in the public schools of children who have been in the custody of the Department of Juvenile Justice. Such regulations shall include the components required in a reenrollment plan and shall provide for consistency in the curricula, standards and policies between the educational programs required by this title, and those of the Board of Juvenile Justice.

1990, c. 797; 1991, c. 295; 1996, c. 1000; 2012, cc. 803, 835.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.2. Nursing education programs.
The Board of Education and the Board of Nursing, or their representatives, shall, at least annually, develop and revise an interagency agreement relating to the regulation of public school nursing education programs. This memorandum of understanding shall establish a framework for cooperation in order to achieve consistency in the regulation of such programs. The duties and responsibilities of the Department of Education and the Board of Nursing for public school practical nursing and nurse aide education programs shall be set forth in the agreement. The agreement shall include, but need not be limited to, core curricula for the programs; administrative and clerical activities such as exchange of mailing labels, participation in site visits, reporting requirements, and information for newsletters; review and revision of the curricula materials; participation in inservice activities and state conferences; opportunity to participate in and comment on revisions of any relevant regulations; and communication procedures between the two state agencies and with the local school divisions.

1991, c. 629.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.3. Identification of student internship programs.
The Board of Education, the Department of Labor and Industry, and the State Board for Community Colleges shall identify High School to Work Partnerships established pursuant to subsection D of § 22.1-227.1 and other student internship programs that may be eligible for exemptions from federal and state labor laws and regulations for which exemptions are available for student apprenticeship programs. The Board of Education, the Department of Labor and Industry, and the State Board for Community Colleges shall also establish procedures by which such exemptions may be obtained for such High School to Work Partnerships and other student internship programs.

1996, c. 150; 2018, cc. 142, 388.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.5. Public notice and comment regarding certain resource guides.
In order to provide appropriate opportunity for input from the general public, parents, teachers, and local school boards, the Board of Education shall solicit public comment prior to revising or adopting Standards of Learning resource guides and lists of recommended textbooks in any Standards of Learning academic subject. Thirty days prior to soliciting public comment, the Board shall publish notice of its intended action. Interested parties shall be given reasonable opportunity to be heard and present information prior to final action of the Board.

The Board shall make such resource guides available for public inspection at least thirty days prior to final adoption or revision, as the case may be.

2001, c. 869.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.6. Public elementary and secondary schools and local school divisions; information and forms.
A. The Board shall adopt policies to ensure that the Department does not require public elementary or secondary schools or local school divisions to (i) provide information that is already available to or housed within the Department; (ii) provide the same written information more than once during a school year, absent a change in the underlying information; (iii) complete forms for students with disabilities unless such forms are necessary to ensure compliance with the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. § 1431 et seq.); or (iv) provide information that is not necessary to comply with state or federal law unless such information is relevant to student outcomes or the efficient operation of the public schools, provided that the Department may require such schools and local school divisions to provide any such information or complete any such forms if the Department demonstrates a compelling need or demonstrates that it does not have a more expeditious method for obtaining the information or completing the forms.

B. The Department shall annually evaluate and determine the continued need for the information that it collects from public elementary and secondary schools and local school divisions. In making such evaluation and determination, the Department shall consider whether the information that it collects is required by state or federal law.

C. The Board shall report to the Chairmen of the House Committee on Education and the Senate Committee on Education and Health by November 15 of each year on (i) information that public elementary and secondary schools and local school divisions are required to provide to the Department pursuant to state law, (ii) the results of the annual evaluation and determination made by the Department pursuant to subsection B, (iii) any reports required of public elementary or secondary schools or local school divisions that the Department has consolidated, (iv) any information that the Department no longer collects from public elementary or secondary schools or local school divisions, and (v) any forms that the Department no longer requires public elementary or secondary schools or local school divisions to complete.

2016, c. 521; 2022, c. 355.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-17.7. Social-emotional learning guidance standards.
The Department shall (i) establish a uniform definition of social-emotional learning and develop guidance standards for social-emotional learning for all public students in grades kindergarten through 12 in the Commonwealth; (ii) make such standards available to each local school division no later than July 1, 2021; and (iii) issue a report no later than November 1, 2021, on the resources needed to successfully support local school divisions with the implementation of a statewide social-emotional learning program.

2020, c. 339.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-18. Report on education and standards of quality for school divisions; when submitted and effective.
By December 1 of each year, the Board of Education shall submit to the Governor and the General Assembly a report on the condition and needs of public education in the Commonwealth and shall identify any school divisions and the specific schools therein that have failed to establish and maintain schools meeting the existing prescribed standards of quality. Such standards of quality shall be subject to revision only by the General Assembly, pursuant to Article VIII, Section 2 of the Constitution of Virginia. Such report shall include:

1. A complete listing of the current standards of quality for the Commonwealth's public schools, together with a justification for each particular standard, how long each such standard has been in its current form, and whether the Board recommends any change or addition to the standards of quality;

2. Information regarding parent and student choice within each school division and any plans of such school divisions to increase school choice;

3. A complete listing of each report that local school divisions are required to submit to the Board or any other state agency, including name, frequency, and an indication of whether the report contains information that the local school division is also required to submit to the federal government;

4. An explanation of the need to retain or maintain the frequency of any report identified pursuant to subdivision 3; any recommendation for the elimination, reduction in frequency, or consolidation of reports identified pursuant to subdivision 3 when such elimination, reduction in frequency, or consolidation would require an amendment to the laws of the Commonwealth; and a description of any other report identified pursuant to subdivision 3 that the Board has eliminated, reduced in frequency, or consolidated; and

5. A complete listing of each report pertaining to public education that local school divisions are required to submit to the federal government, including name and frequency.

Code 1950, § 22-19.1; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 160; 1973, c. 97; 1980, c. 559; 1984, c. 157; 2002, cc. 159, 253; 2013, c. 643; 2015, c. 386; 2016, c. 469; 2017, c. 235.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-18.01. Biennial review of the standards of quality required; budget estimates.
A. To ensure the integrity of the standards of quality, the Board of Education shall, in odd-numbered years, exercise its constitutional authority to determine and prescribe the standards, subject to revision only by the General Assembly, by reviewing the standards and either (i) proposing amendments to the standards or (ii) making a determination that no changes are necessary.

B. If the Board proposes changes to the standards of quality, the budget estimates that are required to be reported pursuant to § 2.2-1504 shall take into consideration the Board's proposed standards of quality.

2002, c. 498; 2006, cc. 42, 130; 2017, c. 787.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-18.1. Annual report on gifted education required; local advisory committee on gifted education.
Each local school board shall submit the annual report, "Programs for Gifted Education," as required by Board regulations, to the Department of Education.

Each school board may appoint, in accordance with the regulations of the Board of Education, a local advisory committee on gifted education. A local advisory committee on gifted education shall annually review the local plan for the education of gifted students, including revisions, and determine the extent to which the plan for the previous year was implemented. The comments and recommendations of the local advisory committee on gifted education shall be submitted in writing directly to the school board and the superintendent.

A school board shall comply with Board regulations governing gifted education relative to the use of multiple criteria for the identification of gifted students.

With such funds as may be appropriated for this purpose, the Department of Education shall conduct an annual review of all local gifted education programs, on such date as it may determine, to ensure full implementation and compliance with federal and state laws and regulations governing gifted education. The Department may conduct the review as an on-site observation or require certification of compliance from the division superintendent.

1998, c. 879; 1999, c. 554; 2012, cc. 805, 836.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-19. Accreditation of elementary, middle, and high schools; nursery schools; recognition of certain organizations; child day center regulation.
The Board shall provide for the accreditation of public elementary, middle, and high schools in accordance with standards prescribed by it. The Board may provide for the accreditation of private elementary, middle, and high schools in accordance with standards prescribed by it, taking reasonably into account the special circumstances and factors affecting such private schools. The Board in its discretion may recommend provisions for accreditation standards for private nursery schools. Any such accreditation shall be at the request of the private school only.

For the purposes of facilitating the transfer of academic credits for students who have attended private schools and are enrolling in public schools, and to meet the requirements of § 22.1-289.032, the Board of Education shall authorize, in a manner it deems appropriate, the Virginia Council for Private Education to accredit private nursery, preschool, elementary, and secondary schools.

Code 1950, § 22-21; 1954, c. 326; 1968, c. 281; 1980, c. 559; 1991, c. 178; 1993, cc. 730, 742; 2000, c. 535; 2012, cc. 803, 835; 2016, c. 442; 2020, cc. 860, 861.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-19.1. Action for violations related to secure mandatory tests.
A. The Office of the Attorney General, on behalf of the Board of Education, may bring a cause of action in the circuit court having jurisdiction where the person resides or where the act occurred for injunctive relief, civil penalty, or both, against any person who knowingly and willfully commits any of the following acts related to secure mandatory tests required by the Board to be administered to students:

1. Permitting unauthorized access to secure test questions prior to testing;

2. Copying or reproducing all or any portion of any secure test booklet;

3. Divulging the contents of any portion of a secure test;

4. Altering test materials or examinees' responses in any way;

5. Creating or making available answer keys to secure tests;

6. Making a false certification on the test security form established by the Department of Education;

7. Excluding students from testing who are required to be assessed; or

8. Participating in, directing, aiding or abetting, or assisting in any of the acts prohibited in this section.

For the purpose of this subsection, "secure" means an item, question, or test that has not been made publicly available by the Department of Education.

B. Nothing in this section may be construed to prohibit or restrict the reasonable and necessary actions of the Board of Education, Superintendent of Public Instruction or the Department of Education or their agents or employees engaged in test development or selection, test form construction, standard setting, test scoring, reporting test scores, or any other related activities which, in the judgment of the Superintendent of Public Instruction or Board of Education, are necessary and appropriate.

C. Any person who violates any provisions of this section may be assessed a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000 for each violation. Furthermore, any person whose administrative or teaching license has been suspended or revoked pursuant to § 22.1-292.1 may be assessed a civil penalty for the same violation under this section and the reasonable costs of any review or investigation of a violation of test security.

All civil penalties paid to the Commonwealth pursuant to this section shall be deposited into the Literary Fund.

D. For the purpose of this section, "person" shall not mean a student enrolled in a public school.

2000, cc. 634, 659; 2004, cc. 939, 955; 2006, cc. 25, 95; 2011, c. 248.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-20. Retention of pupil personnel records.
The Board of Education is authorized to promulgate regulations governing the retention of pupil personnel records in public schools.

Code 1950, § 22-53.1; 1968, c. 351; 1970, c. 154; 1980, c. 559.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-20.2. Student data security.
A. The Department of Education shall develop, in collaboration with the Virginia Information Technologies Agency, and update regularly but in no case less than annually, a model data security plan for the protection of student data held by school divisions. Such model plan shall include (i) guidelines for access to student data and student data systems, including guidelines for authentication of authorized access; (ii) privacy compliance standards; (iii) privacy and security audits; (iv) procedures to follow in the event of a breach of student data; and (v) data retention and disposition policies. The model plan and any updates shall be made available to every school division.

B. The Department of Education shall designate a chief data security officer, with such state funds as made available, to assist school divisions, upon request, with the development and implementation of their own data security plans and to develop best practice recommendations regarding the use, retention, and protection of student data.

2015, c. 561.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-20.3. Granting easements across lands of certain schools and institutions.
The Board may, subject to the prior written approval of the Governor, convey upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as it deems proper easements upon, over, across, or under the property of any school or educational institution for which it serves as the governing board, to any political subdivision of the Commonwealth, public utility, public service company, or cable television company for the purpose of erecting or maintaining power, telephone, cable television, water, sewer, or gas lines and mains, provided that any such deed or other conveyance shall be in a form approved by the Attorney General and that any funds received by the Board in consideration for granting any such easement shall be paid into the general fund of the state treasury.

1952, c. 74, § 23-9.1; 1958, c. 47; 1986, c. 536; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-20.4. Alternative assessments for students who are English language learners.
The Board of Education shall consider assessments aligned to the Standards of Learning that are structured and formatted in a way that measures the content knowledge of students who are English language learners and that may be administered to such students as Board of Education-approved alternatives to Standards of Learning end-of-course English reading assessments.

2016, cc. 58, 516.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-8. General supervision vested in Board.
The general supervision of the public school system shall be vested in the Board of Education.

Code 1950, § 22-11; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 203; 1980, c. 559.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-9. Appointment, terms, and vacancies.
The Board of Education shall consist of nine members appointed by the Governor, at least two of whom shall represent business and industry in the private sector in the Commonwealth, and of the nine members at least five shall reside in different superintendent's regions in the Commonwealth. The Governor shall consider appointing one member with expertise or experience in local government leadership or policymaking, one member with expertise or experience in career and technical education, and one member with expertise or experience in early childhood education. Every appointment to the Board shall be for a term of four years, except that appointments to fill vacancies other than by expiration of term shall be for the unexpired terms. All appointments, including those to fill vacancies, shall be subject to confirmation by the General Assembly, and any appointment made during the recess of the General Assembly shall expire at the end of 30 days after the commencement of the next session of the General Assembly. No member of the Board shall be appointed to more than two consecutive four-year terms.

Code 1950, § 22-12.1; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 203; 1980, c. 559; 2017, c. 687; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 21; 2022, c. 770.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 2 (Board of Education)
§ 22.1-9.1. Student Advisory Board established.
A. There is hereby established the Student Advisory Board (the Advisory Board) for the purpose of providing student perspectives on matters before the Board.

B. The Advisory Board shall consist of eight members appointed by the Governor, each of whom shall be a high school student who will enter senior year during the following school year and each of whom shall reside in a different Superintendent's region. Each member shall serve for a term of one year, and no member is eligible to be reappointed.

C. The Advisory Board shall meet at least semiannually in either an in-person or, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a virtual format and shall designate at least one member to make an annual presentation to the Board that includes analysis of and recommendations on matters before the Board or any other matter that the Advisory Board deems relevant.

2022, c. 778.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20 (SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-350. Southwest Virginia Public Education Consortium created; region defined; governing board.
A. The Southwest Virginia Public Education Consortium is hereby established and shall be referred to in this chapter as the Consortium. For the purposes of this chapter and the work of the Consortium, "Southwest Virginia" shall include the Counties of Bland, Buchanan, Carroll, Dickenson, Grayson, Lee, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise, and Wythe, and the Cities of Bristol, Galax, and Norton. The governing board of the Consortium shall consist of the school superintendents of the named localities; the chancellor or his designee of the University of Virginia's College at Wise; the presidents or their designees of Emory and Henry College, Virginia Intermont College, Bluefield College, Mountain Empire Community College, Virginia Highlands Community College, Southwest Virginia Community College, and Wytheville Community College; and the Director of the Southwest Virginia Higher Education Center. The region's legislators shall serve as nonvoting, advisory members of the board.

B. Members of the board shall be reimbursed for their actual expenses incurred in the performance of their duties in the work of the Consortium, except that legislative members shall be reimbursed pursuant to § 30-19.16. The board shall elect a chairman and a vice-chairman from among its members.

1992, c. 785; 1994, c. 276; 1999, cc. 424, 437.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20 (SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-351. Functions and duties.
The Consortium shall perform the following functions and duties:

1. Coordinate with those educational institutions and agencies in the Commonwealth and surrounding areas to develop joint educational initiatives;

2. Promote and establish, in conjunction with the Department of Education and the region's public school divisions, regional programs to address area educational needs;

3. Coordinate the development and sharing of programs, educational techniques, and resources among and between the region's school divisions and institutions of higher education to enhance the educational opportunities for students and teachers in Southwest Virginia; and

4. Provide technical assistance to school divisions throughout the Commonwealth for the implementation of effective educational programs.

1992, c. 785.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20 (SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-352. Executive director; staff support; location.
From such funds as may be appropriated or received, the board of the Consortium may appoint an executive director, who shall be authorized to employ such staff as necessary to enable the Consortium to perform its duties as set forth in this chapter. The board is authorized to determine the duties of such staff and to fix salaries and compensation from such funds as may be appropriated or received. The Consortium's offices shall be housed at the University of Virginia's College at Wise.

1992, c. 785; 1999, cc. 424, 437.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20 (SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-353. Application for and acceptance of gifts and grants.
The Consortium is authorized to apply for, accept, and expend gifts, grants, or donations from public or private sources to enable it to carry out its objectives.

1992, c. 785.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20 (SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-354. Cooperation of other agencies.
All agencies of the Commonwealth shall cooperate with the Consortium and, upon request, assist the Consortium in the performance of its duties and responsibilities.

1992, c. 785.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20.1 (WESTERN VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-354.1. Western Virginia Public Education Consortium and board created; region defined; governing board; chairman's executive summary.
A. The Western Virginia Public Education Consortium is hereby established and shall be referred to as the Consortium. For the purposes of this chapter and the work of the Consortium, "Western Virginia" shall include the Counties of Alleghany, Bath, Bland, Botetourt, Craig, Floyd, Franklin, Giles, Henry, Montgomery, Patrick, Pulaski, Roanoke, and Wythe, and the Cities of Covington, Martinsville, Radford, Roanoke, and Salem. The governing board of the Consortium shall consist of 33 members that include 14 legislative members and the 19 school superintendents of the named localities as follows: 10 members of the House of Delegates representing the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Nineteenth House Districts; four members of the Senate representing the Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-fifth Senatorial Districts, all serving as ex officio nonvoting members; and the school superintendents of Alleghany, Bath, Bland, Botetourt, Craig, Floyd, Franklin, Giles, Henry, Montgomery, Patrick, Pulaski, Roanoke County, Wythe, Covington, Martinsville, Radford, Roanoke City, and Salem.

B. Legislative members and school superintendents shall serve terms coincident with their terms of office. The board shall elect a chairman and a vice-chairman from among its members.

C. Members of the board shall serve without compensation. All members shall be reimbursed for all reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties in the work of the Consortium as provided in §§ 2.2-2813 and 2.2-2825. All such expenses shall be paid from existing appropriations to or received by the Consortium or, if unfunded, shall be approved by the Joint Rules Committee.

D. A majority of the members of the board shall constitute a quorum. The board shall meet at the call of the chairman or whenever a majority of the members so request.

E. The chairman of the board shall submit to the Governor and the General Assembly an annual executive summary of the interim activity and work of the board no later than the first day of each regular session of the General Assembly. The executive summary shall be submitted as provided in the procedures of the Division of Legislative Automated Systems for the processing of legislative documents and reports and shall be posted on the General Assembly's website.

2000, cc. 105, 302; 2002, cc. 417, 465; 2003, c. 885; 2006, c. 861; 2016, c. 232.
Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20.1 (WESTERN VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-354.2. Functions and duties.
The Consortium shall perform the following functions and duties:

1. Coordinate with organizations and agencies providing programs and services to Consortium school divisions to reduce duplication of effort and optimize the use of available resources;

2. Conduct ongoing assessments to identify needs of member school divisions and develop plans and programs responding to those needs;

3. Facilitate the coordination of programs in the Consortium region that affect K through 12 public education in career and technical education, workforce development, and other linkages between public schools, institutions of higher education, and business and industry;

4. Coordinate technology-related activities between Consortium members in areas of common concern, such as video conferencing and distance learning, including the acquisition and utilization of hardware and software for administrative and instructional purchases;

5. Develop and maintain linkages with schools and school divisions in Northern Virginia to promote enhanced usage of educational technology; and

6. Create the capacity for development within the Consortium of shared services and activities, including purchasing, facility planning, staff development, and special needs programming, and implementation of such shared services and activities as need is determined.

2000, cc. 105, 302; 2001, c. 483.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20.1 (WESTERN VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-354.3. Executive director; staff support.
From such funds as may be appropriated or received, the board of the Consortium may appoint an executive director, who shall be authorized to employ such staff as necessary to enable the Consortium to perform its duties as set forth in this chapter. The board is authorized to determine the duties of such staff and to fix salaries and compensation from such funds as may be appropriated or received.

2000, cc. 105, 302; 2002, cc. 417, 465.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20.1 (WESTERN VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-354.4. Application for and acceptance of gifts and grants.
The Consortium is authorized to apply for, accept, and expend gifts, grants, or donations from public or private sources to enable it to carry out its objectives.

2000, cc. 105, 302.

Code of Virginia — Title 22.1 (Education), Chapter 20.1 (WESTERN VIRGINIA PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSORTIUM)
§ 22.1-354.5. Cooperation of other agencies.
All agencies of the Commonwealth shall cooperate with the Consortium and, upon request, assist the Consortium in the performance of its duties and responsibilities.

2000, cc. 105, 302.