dcrodriguez/Code-of-Virginia huggingface dataset:
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3922. Delinquent lists to speak as of June 30 of each year; when real estate and personal property delinquent.
The lists mentioned in § 58.1-3921 shall conform to the facts as they existed on June 30 of the year they are submitted to the governing body. Delinquent real estate taxes shall be listed in the name of the owner on the date of assessment.

For purposes of this title, local taxes shall be delinquent if not paid when due. For purposes of compiling the lists required by § 58.1-3921, any locality which requires the payment of such taxes in installments, taxes shall be considered delinquent if all taxes on it are not paid by the date the last installment is due.

Code 1950, § 58-979; 1974, c. 80; 1979, c. 240; 1984, c. 675; 1997, c. 496.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3923. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 2002, c. 64.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3924. Delinquent lists involving local taxes submitted to local governing bodies; publication of lists.
Upon the request of the governing body of a county, city or town, the treasurer shall furnish a copy of any of the six lists mentioned in § 58.1-3921.

The treasurer may, or shall at the direction of the governing body, certify to the commissioner of the revenue a copy of the list of real estate on the commissioner's land book improperly placed thereon or not ascertainable. The commissioner of the revenue shall correct his land book accordingly. The treasurer shall be given credit for the entire amount of the taxes included in the list and may destroy the tax tickets made out by him for such taxes. The treasurer shall be given credit for all taxes shown on the list mentioned in subdivisions 4, 5, and 6 of § 58.1-3921 and for obligations discharged in bankruptcy as described in § 58.1-3921.

The governing body, or the treasurer, may cause the lists mentioned in subdivisions 2 and 3 of § 58.1-3921, whether or not they are based on information as it exists at the end of the fiscal year, or such parts thereof as deemed advisable by the treasurer, to be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the county, city, or town or to be made available on any Internet site maintained by or for such county, city, or town.

The costs, if any, of publishing such lists shall be paid for by funds allocated for that purpose by the local governing body, and may be charged ratably to the delinquent taxpayers listed.

Code 1950, § 58-983; 1972, c. 592; 1973, c. 467; 1976, c. 428; 1977, c. 507; 1984, c. 675; 1988, c. 699; 1995, c. 239; 1997, c. 496; 2002, c. 64; 2008, c. 550; 2017, c. 409.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3925. Reserved.
Reserved.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3926. When statement to beneficiary prior to delinquency required.
The beneficiary in any deed of trust or mortgage, or other person interested in the lands or lots conveyed thereby, may give to the treasurer of any county or city notice in writing that he is the beneficiary under a lien, clearly designating in such notice the lands affected by such lien and the names of the grantor in such deed or mortgage, at any time during the period for the collection of taxes for any year. If such notice is given, the treasurer, at least ten days before the date of his report of delinquent taxes for the current collection year, shall make and mail to the person giving such notice a statement showing whether the taxes on the lands or lots specified in such notice have been paid, and stating the amount thereof, including penalties.

Code 1950, § 58-982; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3927. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1998, c. 648.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3928. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1997, c. 496.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3929. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1985, c. 131.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3930. How liens to be recorded; release of liens.
Liens of delinquent real estate taxes and all liens described under § 58.1-3745 shall be recorded in the office of the treasurer in a book or an approved visible card system to be kept for the purpose and indexed in the names of the persons against whom the taxes on real estate are assessed, or in a computer system approved by the Auditor of Public Accounts. Any officer collecting any such taxes unless otherwise specifically provided by law, shall forthwith transmit such payment to the treasurer, who shall give his receipt therefor and record the payment, thereby releasing the lien. Where such list is kept in a visible card index file, the treasurer may, at the time of entry of the records of payment, remove from the file the cards on which such payments have been noted; and such cards may, on certification by the Auditor of Public Accounts that the same are no longer needed for audit, be destroyed.

Code 1950, § 58-985; 1962, c. 137; 1977, c. 268; 1980, c. 263; 1983, c. 90; 1984, c. 675; 1985, c. 131; 2001, c. 462; 2013, cc. 305, 618.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3931. Reserved.
Reserved.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3932. Card system record and index of delinquent real estate in City of Norfolk.
The City of Norfolk is authorized to keep its record of delinquent real estate and all liens described under § 58.1-3745 in the Treasurer's office, using a card system record and index, or such other method approved by the Auditor of Public Accounts.

Code 1950, § 58-986.1; 1984, c. 675; 2001, c. 462; 2013, cc. 305, 618.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3933. Subsequent collection by treasurer of delinquent taxes on subjects other than real estate.
After delinquent taxes appear in the lists required by § 58.1-3921, the governing body may require the treasurer to continue to collect the delinquent taxes on subjects other than real estate until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.

Code 1950, § 58-990; 1973, c. 467; 1984, c. 675; 1997, c. 496.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3935. Treasurers not liable for taxes returned delinquent and not afterwards received by them.
Nothing in any of the foregoing sections shall be construed as holding a county or city treasurer personally liable for any delinquent taxes which have been returned delinquent within the time and in the manner prescribed by law and which have not been paid to or through such treasurer up to the time that any settlement is made by such treasurer.

Code 1950, § 58-999; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3936. Omission of taxes from delinquent list.
If any county or city treasurer shall knowingly omit from any delinquent list required by this title to be prepared by him any taxes which are in fact delinquent and which should be included in such delinquent list, such county or city treasurer shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor; and such county or city treasurer shall moreover be deemed guilty of malfeasance in office.

Code 1950, § 58-1000; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3937. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1998, c. 648.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3938. List of delinquent town real estate taxes filed with county treasurer in certain towns.
In any town where the treasurer or other collector of town taxes does not maintain an office open during normal office hours Monday through Friday, a list of delinquent town taxes upon real estate for the preceding tax year as of December 31 of such year shall be filed by the treasurer or other collector of town taxes in the office of the treasurer of the county wherein the town is located on or before January 31 of each year.

Code 1950, § 58-1000.2; 1975, c. 259; 1984, c. 675; 1985, c. 131; 2011, c. 851.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3939. Reserved.
Reserved.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3939.1. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1998, c. 648.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3940. Limitation on collection of local taxes.
A. Except as otherwise specifically provided, collection of local taxes shall only be enforceable for five years following December 31 of the year for which such taxes were assessed.

B. Real property taxes shall be enforceable by sale under Article 4 (§ 58.1-3965 et seq.) of the property on which such taxes were assessed and by other means permitted under this chapter for 20 years after December 31 of the year for which such taxes were assessed, provided that whenever taxes or portions of taxes that would otherwise be due have been deferred pursuant to an ordinance enacted in conformity with Article 2 (§ 58.1-3210 et seq.) or Article 2.1 (§ 58.1-3219 et seq.) of Chapter 32 of this title, the statute of limitations provided by this subsection shall be tolled with respect to taxes deferred during the pendency of such deferral.

C. The limitation periods provided in subsections A and B of this section shall not apply to taxes or other charges that have been reduced to judgment or a judgment lien resulting from a suit to collect taxes or other charges, which may be collected by any means provided in this chapter or any means provided by general law for the collection of judgments so long as the judgment or judgment lien remains enforceable pursuant to general law.

D. The statutes of limitations established by this section shall be tolled, with respect to any tax obligation or tax lien not discharged or otherwise relieved or rendered unenforceable pursuant to applicable law, for any period during which all or substantially all of the assets or estate of the taxpayer are subject to the control or custody of any court or receiver, including without limitation any United States Bankruptcy Court.

Code 1950, §§ 58-967, 58-1019, 58-1021; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 6; 1984, c. 675; 1994, c. 209; 1996, c. 323; 1998, c. 648; 2002, c. 64; 2003, c. 214.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3941. What may be distrained for taxes.
Any goods or chattels, money and bank notes in the county, city or town belonging to the person or estate assessed with taxes, levies or other charges collected by the treasurer may be distrained therefor by the treasurer, sheriff, constable or collector. Property subject to levy or distress for taxes shall be liable to levy or distress in the hands of any person for taxes, penalties and interest thereon, except that any highway vehicle as defined herein purchased by a bona fide purchaser for value shall not be liable to levy or distress for such taxes unless the purchaser knew at the time of purchase that the taxes had been specifically assessed against such vehicle.

Property on which taxes were specifically assessed, whether assessed per item or in bulk shall be subject to distress after it passes into the hands of a bona fide purchaser for value.

As used in this section, "highway vehicle" means any vehicle operated, or intended to be operated, on a highway. The term shall not include: (i) farm machinery, including farm machinery designed for off-road use but capable of movement on roads at low speeds; (ii) a vehicle operated on rails; (iii) machinery designed principally for off-road use; (iv) self-propelled equipment manufactured for a specific off-road purpose, which is used on a job site and the movement of which on any highway is incidental to the purpose for which it was designed and manufactured; or (v) a vehicle operated on the highway and exempt from registration requirements pursuant to §§ 46.2-663 through 46.2-667 and 46.2-669 through 46.2-683.

Code 1950, § 58-1001; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 155; 1983, c. 498; 1984, c. 675; 1996, c. 323; 1997, cc. 496, 731; 2005, c. 59.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3943. Distraint on property of tenant or of owner of tract who has sold part thereof.
When rent is payable in a share of a crop, the share of the crop belonging to a landlord who owes taxes, but only that share, shall be liable to levy. When taxes are assessed wholly to one person on a tract or lot, part of which has become the freehold of another by a title recorded before the commencement of the year for which such taxes are assessed, the property belonging to the former shall not be distrained for more than a due proportion of the taxes.

Code 1950, § 58-1006; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3944. Tenant paying taxes or levies to have credit out of rents.
A tenant from whom payment is obtained, by distress or otherwise, of taxes or other charges due from a person under whom he holds, shall have credit for the same against such person out of the rents he may owe him, except when the tenant is bound to pay such taxes or other charges by an express contract with such person.

Code 1950, § 58-1013; 1984, c. 675; 2002, c. 64.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3945. Where land lies partly in one county and partly in another.
When taxes or levies are assessed on a tract of land lying partly in one county or city and partly in another county or city the treasurer of the county or city in which the taxes or levies are so assessed may distrain on the part of the land lying in the other county or city in the same manner as if such part was in his own county or city.

Code 1950, § 58-1007; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3946. When owner a nonresident of county, city or town where land lies.
When property subject to taxation is located in a county, city or town different from that in which the owner of such property resides, or when a person assessed with any taxes, levies and other charges before paying the same removes from the county, city or town in which the assessment was made, the treasurer shall have the same remedies for the collection of all such taxes, levies and other charges in all respects as if the person owing the same resided in the officer's own county, city or town; or the treasurer may transfer to the treasurer of the county, city or town in which such person resides the tickets for taxation and levies and the statements for other charges against such person or property and the last-named officer shall proceed to collect the same and pay the proceeds to the former officer.

Code 1950, § 58-1008; 1984, c. 675; 2002, c. 64.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3947. Lease of real estate for collection of taxes.
Any real estate in the county, city or town belonging to the person or estate assessed with taxes due on such real estate may be rented or leased by the treasurer, sheriff, constable or collector, privately or at public outcry, after due publication, in the discretion of such treasurer, sheriff, constable or collector, either at the front door of the courthouse or on the premises or at some public place in the community where the premises are situated, after giving not less than fifteen days' notice by printed or written notices posted at the front door of the courthouse and at three or more places in the neighborhood of the real estate to be leased. Such leasing shall be for a term not exceeding one year and for cash sufficient to pay the taxes due on the real estate so rented and the costs and charges of advertising and leasing. When a lease is effected, the treasurer, collector, sheriff or constable leasing such real estate shall put the lessee in possession thereof and for such purpose shall have like powers as those exercised by a sheriff acting under a writ of possession or writ of eviction.

Code 1950, § 58-1003; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 155; 1984, c. 675; 2019, cc. 180, 700.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3948. Notice to tenant prior to such leasing.
When real estate is advertised for leasing for the taxes and there is any tenant in possession of the property so advertised, then the treasurer, sheriff, constable, collector or other collecting officer making the lease shall serve upon such tenant, at least fifteen days prior to the day of leasing, a copy of the notice of leasing. This service shall be in conformity with §§ 8.01-285 through 8.01-295.

Code 1950, § 58-1004; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 155; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3949. Reserved.
Reserved.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3953. Additional proceedings for the collection of taxes; jurisdiction and venue.
The payment of any county, city or town taxes, may, in addition to the other remedies provided in this chapter, be enforced by action at law, suit in equity or by attachment in the same manner, to the same extent and with the same rights of appeal as now exist or may hereafter be provided by law for the enforcement of demands between individuals. The venue for any such proceeding under this section shall be as specified in subdivision 13 a of § 8.01-261.

Code 1950, § 58-1014; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 624; 1981, c. 421; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3954. Procedure in such suits.
Such proceedings shall be instituted and conducted in the name of the county, city, or town in which such taxes are assessed, at the direction of the governing body of the county, city or town, by such attorney as the governing body may employ or retain for the purpose.

Code 1950, § 58-1016; 1954, c. 333; 1984, c. 675; 1993, c. 27.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3955. Judgment or decree; effect thereof; enforcement.
In any proceeding under § 58.1-3953 the court shall have the power to determine the proper taxes, penalties and interest with which upon a correct assessment the taxpayer is chargeable for any year or years not barred by the statute of limitations at the time the proceedings were instituted, and order payment thereof. If any taxes of which collection is sought have been erroneously charged, the court may order exoneration thereof. Payment of such judgment or decree shall be enforced against the taxpayer in the same manner that it could be enforced in a proceeding between individuals.

Code 1950, § 58-1017; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3956. Collection in foreign jurisdiction.
When after the rendition of such a judgment or decree against a defendant it seems to the attorney for the county, city or town having charge thereof that there may not be found within the Commonwealth sufficient property of the defendant out of which the same may be enforced, but that the same could be enforced in some other jurisdiction, it shall be his duty to institute in some appropriate court, state or federal, in such foreign jurisdiction, any appropriate proceedings to enforce therein the payment of such judgment.

Code 1950, § 58-1018; 1984, c. 675.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3957. Payments to attorneys or others for collection.
A. Whenever the services of any attorney employed to collect taxes which are a lien on real estate result in the collection of any such tax, such attorney may be compensated for his services whether or not any suit is instituted for the collection of the tax or the sale of the real estate.

B. No payment or compensation on any taxpayer account shall be made to any attorney, collection agency, or other person employed to collect delinquent taxes on amounts received from the Department of Taxation and collected through the Setoff Debt Collection Act; however, this limitation shall not apply to contracts or agreements entered into prior to July 1, 1990.

Code 1950, § 58-1020; 1973, c. 467; 1984, c. 675; 1990, c. 935.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3958. Payment of administrative costs, etc.
The governing body of any county, city or town may impose, upon each person chargeable with delinquent taxes or other delinquent charges, fees to cover the administrative costs and reasonable attorney's or collection agency's fees actually contracted for. The attorney's or collection agency's fees shall not exceed 20 percent of the taxes or other charges so collected. The administrative costs shall be in addition to all penalties and interest, and shall not exceed $30 for taxes or other charges collected subsequent to 30 or more days after notice of delinquent taxes or charges pursuant to § 58.1-3919 but prior to the taking of any judgment with respect to such delinquent taxes or charges, and $35 for taxes or other charges collected subsequent to judgment. If the collection activity is to collect on a nuisance abatement lien, the fee for administrative costs shall be $150 or 25 percent of the cost, whichever is less; however, in no event shall the fee be less than $25.

No tax assessment or tax bill shall be deemed delinquent and subject to the collection procedures prescribed herein during the pendency of any administrative appeal under § 58.1-3980, so long as the appeal is filed within 90 days of the date of the assessment, and for 30 days after the date of the final determination of the appeal, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to preclude the assessment or refund, following the final determination of such appeal, of such interest as otherwise may be provided by general law as to that portion of a tax bill that has remained unpaid or was overpaid during the pendency of such appeal and is determined in such appeal to be properly due and owing.

Code 1950, § 58-1020.1; 1982, c. 620; 1984, c. 675; 1991, c. 271; 1994, c. 932; 1995, c. 395; 1997, c. 496; 1998, c. 648; 1999, c. 389; 2000, cc. 389, 453; 2003, c. 170.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3959. Petition to ascertain delinquent taxes; exoneration from lien.
Any person interested in real estate may file a petition in the circuit court of the county or city wherein the assessment of taxes was made, for the purpose of having ascertained any and all delinquent taxes due upon such real estate or any delinquent taxes imposed under the authority of § 58.1-3712, 58.1-3713, 58.1-3713.4, or 58.1-3741. A copy of the petition shall be served upon the county or city attorney, or if there is none, on the attorney for the Commonwealth at least ten days before the date upon which the petition specifies the court shall be asked to hear the petition. The court may refer the question to a commissioner in chancery for report thereon. The court shall enter final judgment determining what, if any, taxes are due upon the real estate, including any taxes covered by the lien described in § 58.1-3745, mentioned in the petition. Upon the payment of any amount so ascertained by the court, and the costs of the proceeding, the land shall be held free and clear of any such tax lien. No writ tax shall be charged. The clerk shall be entitled to a fee of one dollar which, together with other costs, including such fee as the court may deem proper to allow the commissioner in chancery, shall be paid by the petitioner.

Code 1950, § 58-1025; 1984, c. 675; 2001, c. 462; 2013, cc. 305, 618.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3960. Validation of certain tax deeds made under repealed § 58-1052 or § 58-1091.
All deeds heretofore made by a clerk of court to a purchaser under the provisions of repealed § 58-1052 or § 58-1091 of the Code of Virginia, which deeds have been recorded for fifteen years or more in the clerk's office of the county or city wherein the land conveyed thereby is located, are hereby declared to be valid in all respects and for all purposes except as hereinafter provided as to persons under disability.

No former owner, his heirs or assigns shall make an entry on or bring an action to recover any land conveyed by such a deed or institute any suit to set aside such a deed, except within fifteen years next after the time such a deed from the clerk of court has been duly admitted to record.

An infant or insane person who owned land at the time the same was returned delinquent and sold on account of the default in paying the taxes assessed thereon, which land has been conveyed by a clerk of court by such deed, may redeem the same in accordance with the provisions of law within two years after the removal of disability; but in no case shall the right to redeem be allowed any person after the lapse of twenty years from the day of such sale.

Nothing herein shall be construed so as to affect or divert the title of a tenant in reversion or remainder to any real estate which has been returned delinquent and sold on account of the default of the tenant for life in paying the taxes assessed thereon or to affect or divert the title of a cotenant, joint tenant or coparceners, when the grantee in such deed is one of the cotenants, joint tenants or coparceners.

Code 1950, § 58-1026.1; 1974, c. 306; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3961. Assessment not invalid unless rights prejudiced by error.
No assessment of property, other than real property, shall be invalid because of any error, omission or irregularity by the commissioner of the revenue or other assessing officer in charging such property in the personal property or other tax book, unless it is shown by the person contesting any such assessment that such error, omission or irregularity has operated to prejudice his rights.

1995, c. 239.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3962. Reserved.
Reserved.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3965.1. Additional authority to sell land for delinquent taxes.
In addition to the authority provided by subsection A of § 58.1-3965, a city may also, by ordinance, institute proceedings to sell in accordance with law any real estate when any taxes on such real estate are delinquent on December 31 following the first anniversary of the date on which such taxes have become due provided proper notice is given in accordance with subsection A of § 58.1-3965.

2000, c. 756.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3965.2. Additional authority to sell land for certain delinquent special taxes or special assessments.
In addition to the authority provided by subsection A of § 58.1-3965, a locality may provide, as part of any ordinance adopted pursuant to Article 6 (§ 15.2-5152 et seq.) of Chapter 51 of Title 15.2 (i) to create a community development authority or (ii) to levy special taxes or special assessments on real property within any district covered by the community development authority or on abutting property within the district, that proceedings be instituted to sell any such real property when any special tax or special assessment described under subdivision A 3 or A 5 of § 15.2-5158 imposed on the property is delinquent on the first anniversary of the date on which the tax or assessment became due.

No proceedings shall be instituted under this section to sell real property that is a single family residence if the owner of the property is the resident on such first anniversary date. No proceedings shall be instituted under this section to sell an individual residential unit in a multi-unit structure or building if the owner of the unit is the resident of the unit on such first anniversary date.

Proper notice in accordance with subsection A of § 58.1-3965 shall be required, and the sale shall be made in accordance with law and subject to all other applicable provisions of this article.

2011, c. 324.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3966. Employment of attorney to institute proceedings; bond of attorney.
Proceedings under this article shall be instituted and conducted in the name of the county, city or town in which the real estate lies, by such attorney as the governing body or treasurer of the county, city or town employs for such purpose. The governing body or treasurer may require the attorney to give bond in an amount to be fixed by it, with surety to be approved by it, conditioned upon the lawful accounting for all funds which may come into his hands as such attorney under this article, and the premium on the bond may be ordered to be paid out of the local treasury. The bond shall be delivered to the clerk of the circuit court of the county or city and shall be recorded by the clerk in his special commissioner's bond book.

Code 1950, § 58-1117.2; 1973, c. 467; 1984, c. 675; 1997, c. 724.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3968. When two or more parcels may be covered by one complaint.
In any proceeding under this article, two or more parcels of real estate may be covered by one complaint if they were assessed against or are owned by the same party or parties, or if they are assessed against and owned by different parties but each parcel is assessed at a value that does not exceed $100,000.

Code 1950, § 58-1117.4; 1973, c. 467; 1978, c. 54; 1984, c. 675; 1985, c. 60; 1991, c. 243; 2025, c. 267.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3970. County, city, etc., may be purchaser.
The county, city or town may be a purchaser at any sale held under this article or under any other provision of law for the enforcement of tax liens.

Code 1950, § 58-1117.6; 1973, c. 467; 1984, c. 675.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3970.2. When delinquent taxes may be deemed paid in full.
A. For purposes of this section, "tax delinquent property" means any real property for which real property taxes are delinquent on December 31 following the second anniversary of the date on which such taxes have become due or, in the case of real property upon which is situated (i) any structure that has been condemned by the local building official pursuant to applicable law or ordinance, (ii) any nuisance as that term is defined in § 15.2-900, (iii) any derelict building as that term is defined in § 15.2-907.1, or (iv) any property that has been declared to be blighted pursuant to § 36-49.1:1, for which real property taxes are delinquent on the first anniversary of the date on which such taxes have become due.

B. Any county, city, or town may deem paid in full all accumulated taxes, penalties, interest, and other costs on any tax delinquent property and notify credit reporting agencies that such amounts are deemed paid in full, in exchange for conveyance of the property by the owner to a land bank entity created pursuant to Chapter 75 (§ 15.2-7500 et seq.) of Title 15.2 or an organization that has been granted tax-exempt status under § 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code and that builds, renovates, or revitalizes affordable housing for low-income families.

2015, c. 498; 2016, cc. 159, 383.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3971. Property improperly placed on delinquent land books.
A. The attorney shall periodically report to the governing body employing him every parcel of real estate which he ascertains to be improperly placed on the delinquent land books and the governing body, upon satisfying itself of the correctness of the report, or correcting it to conform to the facts, shall certify the information to the treasurer who shall mark his delinquent land book accordingly. The attorney shall make the same report to the commissioner of the revenue and request that the commissioner of the revenue correct the assessment of such property pursuant to § 58.1-3981, and the attorney shall, to the extent necessary if the correction is not or cannot be made pursuant to § 58.1-3981, move the court to enter an order correcting such assessment accordingly.

B. If any parcel which is improperly placed on the delinquent land books is sold under the provisions of this article, the purchaser shall be entitled to a refund of the entire amount he paid for such parcel. The governing body shall reimburse the court or the appropriate party for costs and fees allowed out of such payment.

Code 1950, § 58-1117.7; 1973, c. 467; 1983, c. 255; 1984, c. 675; 1994, c. 540; 2012, c. 627.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3972. Reserved.
Reserved.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3973. Certain land purchased in name of Commonwealth to revert to owners, etc., subject to lien of delinquent taxes.
On June 1, 1973, the title to any real estate purchased by the treasurer of any county, city, or town in the name of the Commonwealth pursuant to §§ 58-1067 through 58-1072, which are hereby repealed, and not sold by the treasurer pursuant to such sections shall revert to the former owner, or his heirs, devisees, successors, and assigns, subject to the lien created by § 58.1-3340. The liens of such delinquent taxes shall continue to be recorded in the appropriate clerk's office or other office where such liens are customarily recorded.

Code 1950, § 58-1117.9; 1973, c. 467; 1984, c. 675; 2025, c. 267.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3974. Redemption of land by owner; lien for taxes paid.
Any owner of the real estate described in any notice published pursuant to § 58.1-3965 or any complaint filed pursuant to this article, or his heirs, devisees, successors, and assigns, shall have the right to redeem such real estate prior to the date set for a judicial sale thereof by paying into court all taxes, penalties, and interest due with respect to such real estate, including any outstanding taxes, penalties, and interest owed to a town or other concurrent taxing entity, together with all costs including costs of publication and a reasonable attorney fee set by the court. Any person who has paid any taxes on such real estate shall have a lien thereon for any taxes paid, plus interest at the rate of six percent per year.

Code 1950, § 58-1117.10; 1973, c. 467; 1983, c. 345; 1984, c. 675; 2012, c. 627; 2025, c. 267.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3976. Reserved.
Reserved.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3980. Application to commissioner of the revenue or other official for correction.
A. Any person, firm or corporation assessed by a commissioner of the revenue or other official performing the duties imposed on commissioners of the revenue under this title with any local tax authorized by this title, including, but not limited to, taxes on tangible personal property, machinery and tools, merchants' capital, transient occupancy, food and beverage, or admissions, or a local license tax, aggrieved by any such assessment, may, within three years from the last day of the tax year for which such assessment is made, or within one year from the date of the assessment, whichever is later, apply to the commissioner of the revenue or such other official who made the assessment for a correction thereof.

Sections 58.1-3980 through 58.1-3983 shall also apply to erroneous assessments of real estate if the error sought to be corrected in any case was made by the commissioner of the revenue or such other official to whom the application is made, or is due to a factual error made by others in connection with conducting general reassessments as provided in subsection C of § 58.1-3981.

B. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, an unpaid tangible personal property tax assessment may be appealed to the commissioner of the revenue or other assessing official at any time during which such assessment is collectible under § 58.1-3940, provided the taxpayer can demonstrate by clear factual evidence that he was not subject to the tax for the year in question. If the assessing official is satisfied that the assessment is erroneous, he shall abate the assessment and notify the treasurer or other collecting official of the abatement. Upon receipt of such notice, the treasurer or other collecting official shall forthwith issue a refund or take such other steps as may be necessary to correct the taxpayer's liability accordingly upon the books of the locality.

In the case of an erroneous assessment that has been satisfied in whole or in part through an involuntary payment, an appeal to the assessing official must be made within one year from the date of the involuntary payment. If the assessing official is satisfied that the assessment is erroneous, he shall abate the assessment and notify the treasurer or other collecting official of the abatement. Upon receipt of such notice, the treasurer or other collecting official shall forthwith issue a refund. For purposes of this section, "involuntary payment" means a payment received pursuant to the Setoff Debt Collection Act (§ 58.1-520 et seq.) or § 58.1-3952.

Code 1950, § 58-1141; 1952, c. 82; 1954, c. 533; 1958, c. 585; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 13; 1974, c. 362; 1977, c. 99; 1984, c. 675; 1989, c. 86; 1991, c. 8; 1992, c. 382; 1995, c. 445; 1998, c. 648; 1999, cc. 123, 624, 677.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3981. Correction by commissioner or other official performing his duties.
A. If the commissioner of the revenue, or other official performing the duties imposed on commissioners of the revenue under this title, is satisfied that he has erroneously assessed such applicant with any such tax, he shall correct such assessment. If the assessment exceeds the proper amount, he shall exonerate the applicant from the payment of so much as is erroneously charged if not paid into the treasury of the county or city. If the assessment has been paid, the governing body of the county or city shall, upon the certificate of the commissioner with the consent of the town, city or county attorney, or if none, the attorney for the Commonwealth, that such assessment was erroneous, direct the treasurer of the county, city or town to refund the excess to the taxpayer, with interest if authorized pursuant to § 58.1-3918 or in the ordinance authorized by § 58.1-3916, or as otherwise authorized in that section. However, the governing body of the county, city or town may authorize the treasurer to approve and issue any refund up to $10,000 as a result of an erroneous assessment.

B. If the assessment is less than the proper amount, the commissioner shall assess such applicant with the proper amount. If any assessment is erroneous because of a mere clerical error or calculation, the same may be corrected as herein provided and with or without petition from the taxpayer. If such error or calculation was made in work performed by others in connection with conducting general assessments, such mistake may be corrected by the commissioner of the revenue.

C. If the commissioner of the revenue, or other official performing the duties imposed on commissioners of the revenue under this title, is satisfied that any assessment is erroneous because of a factual error made in work performed by others in connection with conducting general reassessments, he shall correct such assessment as herein provided and with or without petition from the taxpayer.

D. An error in the valuation of property subject to the rollback tax imposed under § 58.1-3237 for those years to which such tax is applicable may be corrected within three years of the assessment of the rollback tax.

E. A copy of any correction made under this section shall be certified by the commissioner or such other official to the treasurer of his county, city, or town.

F. In any action on application for correction under § 58.1-3980, if so requested by the applicant, the commissioner or other such official shall state in writing the facts and law supporting the action on such application and mail a copy of such writing to the applicant at his last known address.

Code 1950, § 58-1142; 1956, c. 598; 1958, c. 585; 1960, c. 547; 1974, c. 362; 1975, c. 257; 1977, c. 99; 1980, c. 657; 1982, c. 332; 1984, c. 675; 1995, c. 108; 1998, c. 529; 1999, cc. 624, 631, 677; 2020, cc. 240, 644; 2022, c. 286.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3982. Appeal by locality.
Any county, city, town or other political subdivision of this Commonwealth, aggrieved by any such correction made by a commissioner of the revenue under the preceding section (§ 58.1-3981), may, through its county, city or town attorney, or if none, its attorney for the Commonwealth, within six months from the date such correction is certified by the commissioner of the revenue to such treasurer or city collector, apply to any court of record of the county or city for a review of the action of such commissioner. At least twenty-one days before the hearing on such application notice thereof shall be given the commissioner of the revenue.

Code 1950, § 58-1143; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3983. Remedy not to affect right to apply to court.
The remedy granted by the three preceding sections (§§ 58.1-3980 through 58.1-3982) shall be in addition to the right of any taxpayer to apply within the time prescribed by law to the proper court as provided by law for the correction of erroneous assessments of the classes described in such sections. Application may be made to the proper court whether or not such applicant has theretofore made application to the commissioner of the revenue for the correction of any such assessment.

Code 1950, § 58-1144; 1984, c. 675.
Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3985. Section 58.1-3984 not applicable to applications for correction of assessments for local improvements.
Section 58.1-3984 shall not apply to applications for correction of assessments for local improvements provided for in Article 2 (§ 15.2-2404 et seq.) of Chapter 24 of Title 15.2 of this Code or the charter of any city or town.

Code 1950, § 58-1145.1; 1964, c. 469; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3986. Correction of double assessments; time for filing.
When it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that there has been a double assessment in any case, one of which assessments is proper and the other erroneous, and that a proper single tax has been paid thereon, the court may order such erroneous assessment to be corrected and grant redress therefor, whether such erroneously assessed tax has been paid or not, even though the application for such relief or redress be not made to the court within the time hereinbefore required.

Code 1950, § 58-1147; 1981, c. 178; 1982, c. 359; 1984, c. 675.

Code of Virginia — Title 58.1 (Taxation), Chapter 39 (Enforcement, Collection, Refunds, Remedies and Review of Local Taxes)
§ 58.1-3987. Action of court.
If the court is satisfied from the evidence that the assessment is erroneous and that the erroneous assessment was not caused by the wilful failure or refusal of the applicant to furnish the tax-assessing authority with the necessary information, as required by law, the court may order that the assessment be corrected and that the applicant be exonerated from the payment of so much as is erroneously charged, if not already paid. If the tax has been paid, the court shall order that it be refunded to the taxpayer, with interest at the rate provided by § 58.1-3918 or in the ordinance authorized by § 58.1-3916, or as otherwise authorized in that section.

If, in the opinion of the court, any property is valued for taxation at more than fair market value, the court may reduce the assessment to what in its opinion based on the evidence is the fair market value of the property involved. If, in the opinion of the court, the assessment be less than fair market value, the court shall order it increased to what in its opinion is the fair market value of the property involved and shall order that the applicant pay the proper taxes.

For the purpose of reducing or increasing the assessment and adjusting the taxes the court shall have all the powers and duties of the authority which made the assessment complained of, as of the time when such assessment was made, and all powers and duties conferred by law upon such authority between the time such assessment was made and the time such application is heard.

Code 1950, § 58-1148; 1975, c. 257; 1984, c. 675; 1999, c. 631.