dcrodriguez/Code-of-Virginia huggingface dataset:
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-958.7. Local Foundation and Soil Management Fund; grant moneys.
Any locality may by ordinance create a local Foundation and Soil Management Fund consisting of appropriated local moneys for the purpose of granting funds to an owner of private property or a common interest community, as that term is defined in § 54.1-2345, for foundation management and soil settlement repairs on previously developed lands. Grants from such fund shall be used only for (i) the construction, improvement, or repair of a foundation; (ii) soil settlement and compaction control; (iii) foundation failure and soil compaction mitigation and protection measures that are a part of a locality's comprehensive plan to address foundation failure and soil compaction mitigation and protection; or (iv) joint foundation repair and soil compaction mitigation projects. Grants made pursuant to clause (iii) shall, where practicable, prioritize projects that include nature-based practices.

2025, c. 123.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-959. Housing research.
Any locality which does not have a redevelopment and housing authority as authorized by Chapter 1 (§ 36-1 et seq.) of Title 36, shall be authorized to engage in research, studies, and experimentation in housing alternatives, including the rehabilitation of existing housing stock and the construction of additional housing.

1988, c. 862, § 15.1-37.3:9; 1993, c. 791; 1995, c. 393; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-960. Planting of trees destroyed during construction.
Any locality may establish reasonable rules, regulations, and schedules for planting trees in and along areas dedicated for public use where trees have been destroyed in the construction process. This provision shall not affect the validity of any local ordinance adopted pursuant to any other provision of law.

1986, c. 183, § 15.1-14.1; 1997, c. 587.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-961.2. Conservation of trees; notice of infill lot grading plan.
An ordinance adopted pursuant to § 15.2-961.1 may allow a locality to post signs on private property that is proposed to be redeveloped with one single-family home that notify the public that an infill lot grading plan is pending for review before the locality. The locality may not require the applicant to be responsible for such posting. The failure to post the property shall not be a ground for denial of such grading plan.

2016, cc. 317, 412.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-962. Authority to require a unified geographic information system for a locality.
Any locality may by ordinance require that any or all of its agencies, departments, authorities, committees, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions participate in one or more unified or centralized systems for geographic information, mapping, surveying, or land information. The ordinance may establish such conditions as may be necessary to develop, maintain, and operate any such system for geographic information, mapping, surveying, or land information.

1992, c. 39, § 15.1-11.7; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-963. Local offices of consumer affairs; establishment; powers and duties.
Any county or city may, by ordinance, establish a local office of consumer affairs that shall have only such powers as may be necessary to perform the following duties:

1. To serve as a central coordinating agency and clearinghouse for receiving and investigating complaints of illegal, fraudulent, deceptive, or dangerous practices occurring in such county or city, and referring such complaints to the local departments or agencies charged with enforcement of consumer laws. The processing of complaints involving statutes or regulations administered by state agencies shall be coordinated, where applicable, with the Division of Consumer Counsel of the Department of Law;

2. To attempt to resolve complaints received pursuant to subdivision 1 by means of voluntary mediation or arbitration that may involve the creation of written agreements to resolve individual complaints between complainants and respondents to complaints;

3. To develop programs of community consumer education and information; and

4. To maintain records of consumer complaints and their eventual disposition, provided that records disclosing the business interests of any person, trade secrets, or the names of customers shall be held confidential except to the extent that disclosures of such matters may be necessary for the enforcement of laws. A copy of all periodic reports compiled by any local office of consumer affairs shall be filed with the Division of Consumer Counsel of the Department of Law.

1974, c. 644, § 15.1-23.2; 1987, c. 463; 1997, c. 587; 1998, c. 194; 2013, c. 24.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-965. Human rights ordinances and commissions.
A. Any locality may enact an ordinance, not inconsistent with nor more stringent than any applicable state law, prohibiting discrimination in housing, employment, public accommodations, credit, and education on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, national origin, military status, age, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.

B. The locality may enact an ordinance establishing a local commission on human rights that shall have the powers and duties granted by the Virginia Human Rights Act (§ 2.2-3900 et seq.).

C. As used in this section:

"Gender identity" means the gender-related identity, appearance, or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth.

"Military status" means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(5), of the United States or a reserve component thereof named under 10 U.S.C. § 10101, (ii) a veteran as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2), or (iii) a dependent as defined in 50 U.S.C. § 3911(4) except that the support provided by the service member to the individual shall have been provided 180 days immediately preceding an alleged action that if proven true would constitute unlawful discrimination under this section instead of 180 days immediately preceding an application for relief under 50 U.S.C. Chapter 50.

"Religion" includes any outward expression of religious faith, including adherence to religious dressing and grooming practices and the carrying or display of religious items or symbols.

"Sexual orientation" means a person's actual or perceived heterosexuality, bisexuality, or homosexuality.

1987, c. 569, § 15.1-37.3:8; 1997, cc. 404, 587; 2020, cc. 131, 1137, 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478; 2022, c. 799.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-965.1. Participation of small, women-owned, and minority-owned businesses.
A. Any locality may enact an ordinance providing that whenever there exists (i) a rational basis for small business enhancement, or (ii) a persuasive analysis that documents a statistically significant disparity between the availability and utilization of women-owned and minority-owned businesses, the chief executive of the local governing entity shall be authorized and encouraged to require implementation of appropriate enhancement and remedial measures consistent with prevailing law.

B. A small, women-owned, or minority-owned business that is certified by the Department of Small Business and Supplier Diversity pursuant to § 2.2-1606 shall not be required by any locality to obtain any additional certification to participate in any program designed to enhance the participation of such businesses as vendors or to remedy any documented disparity.

2004, cc. 865, 891; 2006, cc. 831, 921; 2009, c. 869; 2013, c. 482.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-965.2. Enhancement of micro-business participation in local procurement.
A. Any locality may enact an ordinance to enhance micro-business participation in local government procurement practices. Such measures may include special designation of local micro-businesses, providing technical support to micro-businesses, setting target goals for micro-business participation in the local procurement process, and other reasonable measures intended to promote micro-business participation in the locality.

B. For purposes of this section, "micro-business" means a small, women-owned, or minority-owned business with no more than 25 employees.

2020, c. 1123.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-966. Establishment and operation of educational television stations.
Any locality may provide for the establishment, ownership, maintenance and operation of educational television stations within or outside the locality. The operation of any such station shall be under the direction of the school board of the locality establishing the station.

The facilities of any such station may be made available to any educational institution upon terms as may be agreed upon by the operating board of the station and the governing body of the institution.

Code 1950, § 15-15.3; 1960, c. 533; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-23; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-966.1. Establishment of primary health care facility for employees of locality.
Any locality may establish and operate a primary care health care facility for the locality's employees and covered dependents. Such facility may provide vision and dental care in addition to medical services.

2019, c. 505.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-967. Parking facilities.
Any locality may provide off-street automobile parking facilities and open them to the public, with or without charge, and when any locality constructs or has constructed any such facility, it may lease space therein for private commercial purposes which are necessary for sound fiscal management of the parking facility or which space is not suitable for parking.

Code 1950, § 15-6; 1960, c. 528; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-14; 1970, c. 453; 1973, c. 402; 1990, c. 58; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-967.1. Regulation of certain transportation services.
A local transportation service that operates as a nonprofit organization and that primarily serves senior citizens and disabled citizens shall be exempted from any local license tax imposed upon taxicab services and other for-hire transportation services.

2010, c. 556.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-967.2. Electric vehicle charging stations.
Any locality may locate and operate a retail fee-based electric vehicle charging station on property the locality owns or leases. A locality may provide that the use of such station is restricted to employees of the locality and authorized visitors and may install signage that provides notice of such restriction.

2018, cc. 295, 446.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-968. Regulation of parking of vehicles within boundaries of state-supported institutions.
Any county or city may, upon request of the governing body of any state-supported institution lying wholly or partially within the county or city, regulate the parking of motor vehicles and all other vehicles on the roads, streets, alleys, grounds and other areas within such portions of the boundaries of such institution as lie within the county or city.

Any city adopting an ordinance pursuant to this section may provide in the ordinance that regulations made pursuant to this section shall be enforced by persons appointed under § 19.2-13. No penalty for the violation of any such ordinance shall exceed a fine of twenty dollars. Any request from the governing body of any such institution to the governing body of the county or city shall be in writing and signed by the presiding officers of the institution's governing body and shall be accompanied by a certified copy of a resolution of such governing body authorizing the request to be made.

The circuit court for any county or city which has adopted an ordinance pursuant to this section shall have jurisdiction to try cases arising under such ordinance to the same extent as criminal cases arising in the county or city. The provisions of this section shall not affect the application of §§ 46.2-1231 through 46.2-1234.

Code 1950, § 15-6.1; 1952, c. 472; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-516; 1964, c. 245; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-968.01. Parking in certain residential areas.
Notwithstanding any other provision of general law, localities may by ordinance permit the parking of vehicles within residential areas in a public right-of-way that constitutes a part of the state highway system so long as the vehicle does not obstruct the right-of-way.

2015, c. 233.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-969. Ordinances prohibiting resale of tickets to certain public events; penalty.
Any locality may provide, by ordinance, that it is unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to resell for profit any ticket for admission to any sporting event, theatrical production, lecture, motion picture or any other event open to the public for which tickets are ordinarily sold, except in the case of religious, charitable, or educational organizations where all or a portion of the admission price reverts to the sponsoring group and the resale for profit of such ticket is authorized by the sponsor of the event and the manager or owner of the facility in which the event is being held. Such ordinance may provide that violators thereof are guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.

This section shall not apply to any resale of a ticket that occurs on the Internet.

1970, c. 530, § 15.1-29.3; 1982, c. 279; 1995, c. 339; 1997, c. 587; 2009, cc. 321, 376.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-970. Construction of dams, levees, seawalls, etc.; certain proceedings prohibited.
A. Any locality may construct a dam, levee, seawall or other structure or device, or perform dredging operations hereinafter referred to as "works," the purpose of which is to prevent the tidal erosion, flooding or inundation of such locality, or part thereof. The design, construction, performance, maintenance and operation of any of such works is hereby declared to be a proper governmental function for a public purpose.

B. No person, association or political subdivision shall bring any action at law or suit in equity against any locality because of, or arising out of, the design, maintenance, performance, operation or existence of such works but nothing herein shall prevent any such action or suit based upon a written contract. This provision shall not be construed to authorize the taking of private property without just compensation therefor and provided further that the tidal erosion, flooding or inundation of any lands of any other person by the construction of a dam or levee to impound or control fresh water shall be a taking of such land within the meaning of the foregoing provision.

Code 1950, § 15-20.6; 1960, c. 516; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-31; 1966, c. 270; 1968, c. 793; 1980, c. 460; 1997, c. 587.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-971. Armories and markets; assistance to National Guard.
A. A locality may provide and operate armories and markets, or may contract with others for supplying such facilities.

B. Any locality may appropriate out of the general levy, except the school fund, and expend annually such sums of money as their judgment may warrant to aid and assist in the erection and maintenance of suitable armories for companies of the Virginia National Guard, or otherwise contribute towards the assistance and maintenance of such companies.

Code 1950, §§ 15-77.44, 15-694; 1958, c. 328; 1962, c. 623, §§ 15.1-268, 15.1-880; 1970, c. 225; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-972. Appropriations for the upkeep of certain cemeteries.
Any locality may make appropriations in such sums and at such times as the governing body of the locality deems proper, for the care and upkeep of any cemetery in the locality in which free burial space is provided.

Code 1950, § 15-17; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-511; 1997, c. 587.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-973. Ordinances imposing license taxes on owners of certain motor vehicles.
Any locality may adopt an ordinance imposing a license tax, in an amount not exceeding $100 annually, upon the owners of motor vehicles that do not display current license plates and that are not exempted from the requirements of displaying such license plates under the provisions of Article 6 (§ 46.2-662 et seq.) of Chapter 6 of Title 46.2, §§ 46.2-1554 and 46.2-1555, are not in a public dump, in an "automobile graveyard" as defined in § 33.2-804, or in the possession of a licensed junk dealer or licensed motor vehicle dealer. Nothing in this section shall be applicable to any vehicle being held or stored by or at the direction of any governmental authority, to any vehicle owned by a member of the armed forces on active duty or to any vehicle regularly stored within a structure. Nothing in this section shall be applicable to motor vehicles that are stored on private property for the purpose of restoration or repair or for removing parts for the repair of another vehicle.

1970, c. 380, § 15.1-27.1; 1977, c. 557; 1982, c. 216; 1988, c. 484; 1997, c. 587; 2013, c. 347.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-974. Permits for display of fireworks; use and exhibitions.
The governing bodies of the several counties, cities and towns shall have the power to provide for the issuance of permits for the display of fireworks by fair associations, amusement parks, or by any organization or group of individuals, under the minimum terms and conditions set forth in the Virginia Statewide Fire Prevention Code (§ 27-94 et seq.) and any additional terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the locality. Any association, organization, or group that has been issued a permit may purchase and make use of fireworks under the terms and conditions of such permit.

2002, c. 856.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-975. Use of cash proffers.
Localities which are authorized to accept voluntary cash proffers may also issue bonds under the provisions of the Public Finance Act and other applicable law including local charters, to finance improvements contained in the construction improvement program, to the extent that the costs of such improvements have been pledged by landowners as voluntary cash proffers. Authorized localities may pledge the proceeds of such proffers as a specific undertaking from which revenue is derived pursuant to Article VII, Section 10 (a) (3) of the Constitution of Virginia. The use of pledged cash proffers to finance improvements shall be limited to the improvements or class of improvements for which the proffer was originally pledged, and all or any part of the total amount pledged through the conditional zoning process may be further pledged by the locality to support repayment of any such debt.

2004, c. 927.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-976. Notification of changes to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Special Flood Hazard Area map.
Any locality receiving notification from the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) that a change in the FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area map concerns or relates to real property within such locality shall provide to each owner of any such property (i) written notification that such change has occurred within that locality and (ii) written notification of the website, address, and telephone number for the National Flood Insurance Program to aid the property owner in determining if there has been a change to the flood risk of the property. Notice sent by bulk or first class mail to the last known address of such owner as shown on the current real estate tax assessment books or current real estate tax assessment records shall be deemed adequate compliance with this requirement.

2007, c. 211.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-977. Green Roof Incentive Programs.
A. For purposes of this section, "green roof" means a roof or partially covered roof consisting of plants, soil, or another lightweight growing medium that is installed on top of a waterproof membrane and designed in accordance with the Virginia Stormwater Management Program's standards and specifications for green roofs, as set forth in the Virginia BMP Clearinghouse.

B. Any locality may establish a rate incentive program designed to encourage the use of green roofs in the construction and remodeling of residential and commercial buildings. If established, the incentives shall be based on the percentage of stormwater runoff reduction the green roof provides.

2009, c. 402.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-977.1. Local incentives for urban green space.
A. For purposes of this section, "urban green space" means urban land, partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation, that is located in a densely populated area that has a high concentration of residential or commercial structures. "Urban green space" includes street trees, city parks, sports fields, gardens, and greenways. To qualify as urban green space, the use of such land must make a substantive impact on the reduction of the urban heat effect, the offsetting of greenhouse gas emissions, or the mitigation of stormwater. Rural areas and areas of low population density or development shall not be considered urban green space.

B. Any county, city, or town may, by ordinance, establish a program to provide regulatory flexibility to encourage the preservation, restoration, or development of urban green space in the locality. Any such regulatory flexibility provided shall be proportionate to the amount of urban green space that a business or development contains.

C. The regulatory flexibility may include (i) a reduction in permit fees or (ii) a streamlined process for the approval of permits.

2023, c. 427.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-978. Registration by locality of cemeteries, graveyards, or other places of burial on private property.
Any locality may adopt an ordinance setting forth a register of identified cemeteries, graveyards, or other places of burial located on private property not belonging to any memorial or monumental association. The official local register may include an official map. Sites on the registry shall not be disclosed to the public in any format if they fall under the exception provided in subdivision 10 of § 2.2-3705.7 for significant historic and archaeological sites that would be jeopardized by public disclosure of their location. The register and official map may be available on the locality's website, if one exists. The locality may provide a phone number and email address on the locality's website, if one exists, that members of the public can use to contact the locality regarding identified or unidentified cemeteries, graveyards, or other places of burial located on private property not belonging to any memorial or monumental association.

The governing body shall publish a notice in a newspaper having general circulation in the locality at least two weeks prior to the public sale of any publicly owned property that contains a known cemetery, graveyard, or other place of burial, or as soon thereafter as possible, and shall also publish the notice on the locality's website, if one exists. The notice shall specify that a cemetery is present on the property. If the property falls under the exception provided in subdivision 10 of § 2.2-3705.7 for significant historic and archeological sites that would be jeopardized by public disclosure of their location, then no such notice is required.

2009, c. 718; 2022, c. 369.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-979. Notice of sale under deed of trust.
A. Notice shall be given to the chief administrative officer or designee of a locality and, if the property is located in a common interest community as defined in § 54.1-2345, to the common interest community association, when residential property located within that locality or common interest community becomes subject to a sale under a deed of trust.

B. The notice required by this section shall:

1. Be made by the trustee or any substitute trustee authorized to conduct the sale under the deed of trust;

2. Be given no later than 60 days after the sale of the residential property under the deed of trust;

3. Include (i) the street address of the residential property, (ii) the name of all property owners whose ownership was subject to the deed of trust, (iii) the name and contact information, including telephone number, of the person filing the notice, and (iv) the name and address of all owners holding the property as a result of the sale.

C. For residential properties described in subsection A, if the mortgage loan secured by the deed of trust has been registered with a national mortgage loan electronic registration system to which the locality has access and which registry includes a unique mortgage identification number specific to the loan and which number is tied to the name of the borrower, the street address of the property, and contact information consisting of the name, telephone number, and electronic address, if any, of the current mortgage lender or mortgage loan service provider and of the current property preservation contact, then the person authorized to conduct the sale under the deed of trust shall not have to give the locality the notice described in this section and shall be deemed to have complied with any such ordinance.

D. For purposes of this section, "residential property" means single-family detached dwellings, single-family attached dwellings, individual residential condominium units, and individual residential lots located in a development subject to the Property Owners' Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.).

2009, c. 803; 2013, c. 749; 2015, cc. 93, 410.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-980.  Civil penalties for violations of noise ordinances.
Any locality may, by ordinance, adopt a uniform schedule of civil penalties for violations of that locality's noise ordinance. This provision shall not apply to noise generated in connection with the business being performed on industrial property. Civil fines will not exceed $250 for the first offense and $500 for each subsequent offense. The locality may authorize the chief law-enforcement officer to enforce any civil penalties adopted pursuant to the provisions of this section. The provisions of this section shall not apply to railroads. No ordinance of any locality shall apply to sound emanating from any area permitted by the Virginia Department of Energy or any division thereof.

2010, cc. 501, 788; 2017, c. 649; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 532.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-981. Authority to sell dogs trained for police work.
A locality may sell any dog specially trained for police work to the handler who was last in control of such dog, at a price deemed by the locality to be appropriate. Such sale shall not be deemed a violation of the State and Local Government Conflict of Interests Act (§ 2.2-3100 et seq.).

2010, c. 714.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-982. Designation of tourism activity zones.
Any locality may designate one or more tourism activity zones as areas that may be used for special events, including parades, events requiring temporary street closures, and indoor and outdoor entertainment activities. The locality shall include any designated tourism activity zone as an amendment to the locality's zoning map.

2013, c. 246.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-983.1. Establishment by localities of certain real estate contract disclosures prohibited.
No locality shall have the authority to establish or enforce a mandatory disclosure requirement for a real estate licensee, any party to a contract for the sale or listing of residential real property, or any authorized agent of such party. For purposes of this section, "mandatory disclosure" means any notification required to be made by a homeowner or his authorized agent to a potential or actual buyer or his authorized agent. Prohibited mandatory disclosures include mandatory notifications in contracts, contract amendments or addenda, advertising, other promotional materials, and subsequent deeds after the initial deed is recorded, related to the sale of residential real estate.

2024, cc. 724, 769.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-984. Adoption of flood plain ordinances.
Any locality may by ordinance regulate the activity on, use of, or development of a flood plain in a manner consistent with any state or federal flood plain management programs and requirements. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit a locality's authority to regulate a flood plain pursuant to § 15.2-2283 or any other provision of law.

2020, c. 166.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-985. Disposition of abandoned shopping carts; unauthorized possession; penalties.
A. The governing body of any locality with a County Manager Plan or Urban County Executive Form may, by ordinance, provide that it shall be unlawful for any person to place, leave, or abandon on any real property in the locality, or within specified districts within the locality, any shopping cart as defined in § 18.2-102.1. The ordinance shall provide that any such shopping cart that remains on real property outside of the premises defined in § 18.2-102.1 at least 15 days after a notice of violation is given to the owner of such shopping cart shall be presumed to be abandoned and subject to removal from the real property by the locality or its agents without further notice.

B. A notice of violation sent by registered or certified mail to the last known address of the shopping cart's owner or its registered agent reflected in state or locality public records shall satisfy the notice requirement of this section. In the event that any such shopping cart is so removed, the cost of removal, including the cost of disposal, but not to exceed $300 per cart, shall be charged to the owner of the shopping cart. Any such charge that is not paid within 30 days of the date on which it is billed to the owner shall constitute a lien upon the shopping cart and may be collected in any manner provided by law for the collection of taxes.

C. In addition to any other remedy provided herein, the locality or its designee may institute legal action to enjoin the continuing violating of this section.

D. An ordinance adopted pursuant to subsection A may provide that it shall be unlawful for any person, except the owner or his agent, to possess outside of the premises any shopping cart, when the owner has posted notice on the property that removal is unlawful. The locality may provide that a person who violates the ordinance is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $500. However, such penalty shall not apply when such person has been found guilty of a violation of § 18.2-102.1 for the removal of such shopping cart from a store premises.

2020, c. 1174, § 15.2-984.

Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-986. Broadband services; education.
Any locality or other public body of the Commonwealth may appropriate public funds, personal property, real estate, or donations to any local school board, school division, public school, charitable institution or association, or private provider of broadband services for the purposes of promoting, facilitating, and encouraging the development, expansion, provision, and operation of broadband services for educational purposes, as described in § 22.1-79.9, and may promote, encourage, support, and take any action that a local school board is authorized to take under that section.

2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 496.
Code of Virginia — Title 15.2 (Counties, Cities and Towns), Chapter 9 (GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS)
§ 15.2-987. Rentals for 30 consecutive days or longer.
A. No locality shall enact or enforce an ordinance that prohibits renting a residential dwelling unit for a lease term of 30 consecutive days or longer.

B. Any local restriction placed on residential dwelling units that are leased for a term of 30 consecutive days or longer shall (i) be reasonable and (ii) not exceed the requirements for an owner-occupied residential property or a residential property rented for a lease term of 12 months or longer in the same zoning district.

C. Nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede or limit contracts or agreements between or among individuals or private entities related to the use of real property, including recorded declarations and covenants, the provisions of condominium instruments of a condominium created pursuant to the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the declaration of a common interest community as defined in § 54.1-2345, the cooperative instruments of a cooperative created pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), or any declaration of a property owners' association created pursuant to the Property Owners' Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.).

2024, cc. 300, 347.
Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 1 (GENERAL PROVISIONS [Repealed])
§ 16.1-1. Repealed.
Repealed by Acts 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546.
Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 10 (VIRGINIA JUVENILE JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM)
§ 16.1-222. Established; powers of Director.
A. There is hereby established within the Department of Juvenile Justice the Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System which shall operate separate and apart from the Central Criminal Records Exchange.

B. The Director of the Department of Juvenile Justice is authorized to employ such personnel, establish such offices, acquire such equipment and use such available equipment as shall be necessary to carry out the purpose of this chapter. He is further authorized to enter into agreements with other state agencies for services to be performed for the Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System by employees of such other agencies.

1976, c. 589; 1989, c. 733.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 10 (VIRGINIA JUVENILE JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM)
§ 16.1-223. Receipt, etc., of data; forms for reports; confidentiality.
A. The Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System shall receive, classify and file data reported to it pursuant to § 16.1-224. The Director is authorized to prepare and furnish to all court service personnel automated data processing equipment, which shall be used for making the data submissions.

B. Data stored in the Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System shall be confidential, and information from such data that may be used to identify a juvenile may be released only in accordance with § 16.1-300.

The data submissions may be made available to the Central Criminal Records Exchange or any other automated data processing system, unless the data is identifiable with a particular juvenile. The State Board of Juvenile Justice shall promulgate regulations governing the security and confidentiality of the data submission.

1976, c. 589; 1978, c. 684; 1988, c. 541; 2001, cc. 203, 215.
Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 10 (VIRGINIA JUVENILE JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM)
§ 16.1-224. Data submissions by court service units.
A. All court service units serving juvenile and domestic relations district courts shall make data submissions to the Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System of any persons referred to an intake officer of a court service unit pursuant to § 16.1-260, except that no data submission shall be required for a juvenile charged with a traffic infraction as defined in § 46.2-100.

B. In the case of a juvenile who is alleged to be delinquent and who is referred to a court service unit pursuant to § 16.1-260, the data submissions required by subsection A of this section shall contain the name, date of birth and, if any, the social security number of the juvenile before the court. The data submissions concerning all other children coming before a juvenile and domestic relations district court, except those charged with traffic infractions, may in accordance with standards adopted by the Department of Juvenile Justice, contain information identifying the child.

C. The court service unit shall make a data submission to the Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System of the final disposition of each case reported to the System. When the court service unit reports a disposition of a case which is other than a finding of guilty, the name and other personal identification of the juvenile shall be deleted from the data submissions required by subsection B of this section and from the report of final disposition required by this subsection.

1976, c. 589; 1978, c. 684; 1988, c. 541.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 10 (VIRGINIA JUVENILE JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM)
§ 16.1-225. Penalty for violation of confidentiality of records.
Any person who knowingly and willfully violates the provisions of this chapter which require confidentiality of such records shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.

1976, c. 589; 1977, c. 360; 1988, c. 541.
Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-226. Short title.
The short title of the statutes embraced in this chapter is "Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court Law."

Code 1950, § 16.1-139; 1956, c. 555; 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1977, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-227. Purpose and intent.
This law shall be construed liberally and as remedial in character, and the powers hereby conferred are intended to be general to effect the beneficial purposes herein set forth. It is the intention of this law that in all proceedings the welfare of the child and the family, the safety of the community and the protection of the rights of victims are the paramount concerns of the Commonwealth and to the end that these purposes may be attained, the judge shall possess all necessary and incidental powers and authority, whether legal or equitable in their nature.

This law shall be interpreted and construed so as to effectuate the following purposes:

1. To divert from or within the juvenile justice system, to the extent possible, consistent with the protection of the public safety, those children who can be cared for or treated through alternative programs;

2. To provide judicial procedures through which the provisions of this law are executed and enforced and in which the parties are assured a fair hearing and their constitutional and other rights are recognized and enforced;

3. To separate a child from such child's parents, guardian, legal custodian or other person standing in loco parentis only when the child's welfare is endangered or it is in the interest of public safety and then only after consideration of alternatives to out-of-home placement which afford effective protection to the child, his family, and the community; and

4. To protect the community against those acts of its citizens, both juveniles and adults, which are harmful to others and to reduce the incidence of delinquent behavior and to hold offenders accountable for their behavior.

Code 1950, § 16.1-140; 1956, c. 555; 1977, c. 559; 1990, c. 554; 1991, c. 392; 1996, cc. 755, 914.
Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-229. This chapter controlling in event of conflict.
Whenever any specific provision of this chapter differs from or is in conflict with any provision or requirement of any other chapters of this title relating to the same or a similar subject, then such specific provision shall be controlling with respect to such subject or requirement.

Code 1950, § 16.1-142; 1956, c. 555; 1977, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-229.1. Removal of a child; names and contact information of persons with a legitimate interest.
In any proceeding held pursuant to this chapter in which a child is removed from his home, the court may order the parents or guardians of such child to provide the names and contact information for all persons with a legitimate interest to the local department of social services.

2019, c. 434.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-230. Organization and operation of juvenile and domestic relations district courts.
The provisions of Chapter 4.1 (§ 16.1-69.1 et seq.) of this title establishing the district court system shall be controlling over the provisions of this chapter with respect to the organization, judges, administration and supervision, personnel, and financing of the juvenile and domestic relations district courts in the event of any conflict between the provisions of Chapter 4.1 and this chapter.

Code 1950, § 16.1-153.1; 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1977, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-231. Rules of procedure.
The chief judge may adopt and publish rules not in violation of law or in conflict with rules adopted pursuant to Chapter 4.1 (§ 16.1-69.1 et seq.) of this title to regulate the conduct of the clerks and employees of the court, which rules shall be construed and enforced liberally in furtherance of the remedial purposes of this chapter. Insofar as is practicable all such records and rules shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 16.1-154; 1956, c. 555; 1968, c. 451; 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1975, c. 334; 1977, c. 559.

Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-232. Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute certain cases and represent Commonwealth on appeal.
The attorney for the Commonwealth shall prosecute felony charges before the juvenile court, unless relieved of such responsibility by order of the court. In his discretion, the attorney for the Commonwealth may prosecute misdemeanor charges before such court.

The attorney for the Commonwealth shall represent the Commonwealth in all cases appealed from the juvenile and domestic relations district court to the circuit court.

Code 1950, § 16.1-155; 1956, c. 555; 1977, c. 559; 1980, c. 530; 1991, c. 262.
Code of Virginia — Title 16.1 (Courts Not of Record), Chapter 11 (JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS)
§ 16.1-233. Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries.
A. Within funds appropriated for the purpose, it shall be a function of the Department to develop and operate, except as hereinafter provided, probation, parole and other court services for juvenile and domestic relations district courts in order that all children coming within the jurisdiction of such courts throughout the Commonwealth shall receive the fullest protection of the court. To this end the Director may establish court services units in the Department. The Director shall appoint such employees as he may find to be necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department relative to the development, supervision and operation of probation, parole and other court services throughout the Commonwealth as set forth in this chapter.

B. The salaries of the persons employed pursuant to this section shall be paid out of funds appropriated for such purpose to the Department of Juvenile Justice. The Director and such employees as he may find necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department pursuant to subsection A of this section shall have access to all probation offices, other social services and to their records.

C. The State Board shall establish minimum standards for court service staffs and related supportive personnel and promulgate regulations pertaining to their appointment and function to the end that uniform services, insofar as is practical, will be available to juvenile and domestic relations district courts throughout the Commonwealth. In counties or cities now served by regional juvenile and domestic relations courts or where specialized court service units are not provided, and in any county or city which provided specialized services on June 30, 1973, that requests the development of a court service unit, appointment to positions in such units shall be based on merit as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.).

D. No person shall be assigned to or discharged from the state-operated court service staff of a juvenile and domestic relations district court except as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.). The Director shall have the authority, for good cause, after consulting with the judge or judges of that juvenile and domestic relations district court and after due notice and opportunity to be heard, to order the transfer, demotion or separation of any person from the court service staff subject only to the limitations of the Virginia Personnel Act.

Code 1950, § 16.1-203; 1956, c. 555; 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1974, cc. 44, 45; 1977, c. 559; 1979, c. 700; 1989, c. 733; 1995, cc. 696, 699; 2001, c. 853; 2003, c. 648.