dcrodriguez/Code-of-Virginia huggingface dataset:
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 15 (GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1503. Powers and duties.
A. The board shall appoint all teachers, staff members, and agents and fix their salaries and generally direct the affairs of the University.

B. The board may confer degrees and, subject to the provisions of § 23.1-203, approve new academic programs and discontinue academic programs offered by the University.

1972, c. 550, §§ 23-91.29, 23-91.31, 23-91.32; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 15 (GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1504. Establishment of branch campus in the Republic of Korea.
A. In recognition that global educational opportunities benefit the intellectual and economic interests of the Commonwealth, the board may create a corporation or other legal entity controlled by the University to establish and operate a branch campus of the University in the Republic of Korea. Establishment of the branch campus is subject to Council guidelines governing the approval of branch campuses, pursuant to § 23.1-203.

B. The board has the same powers with respect to operation and governance of its branch campus in Korea as are vested in the board with respect to the University.

C. No corporation or other legal entity created for the above purpose shall be deemed a state or governmental agency, advisory agency, public body or agency, or other instrumentality.

D. No director, officer, or employee of any such corporation or other legal entity shall be deemed an officer or employee of the Commonwealth for any purpose.

E. In operating the branch campus, the board shall provide for appropriate professional opportunities for Virginia-based faculty to teach or conduct research on the Republic of Korea campus and educational opportunities for Virginia-based students to study or conduct research on the Republic of Korea campus.

F. Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed a waiver of the sovereign immunity of the Commonwealth or the University.

2010, c. 694, § 23-91.29:12016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 16 (JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1600. Corporate name; name of the University.
A. The board of visitors of James Madison University (the board) is a corporation under the name and style of "The Visitors of James Madison University" and has, in addition to its other powers, all the corporate powers given to corporations by the provisions of Title 13.1 except those powers that are confined to corporations created pursuant to Title 13.1. The board shall at all times be under the control of the General Assembly.

B. The institution shall be known as James Madison University (the University).

C. All laws relating to Madison College or the board of visitors of Madison College shall be construed as relating to the University or the board, respectively.

1964, c. 97, § 23-164.1; 1977, cc. 296, 319; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 16 (JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1601. Membership.
A. The board shall consist of 15 members appointed by the Governor, of whom at least 13 shall be residents of the Commonwealth.

B. The alumni association of the University may submit to the Governor a list of at least three nominees for each vacancy on the board, whether the vacancy occurs by expiration of a term or otherwise. The Governor may appoint a member from the list of nominees. The Governor is not limited in his appointments to the individuals so nominated.

1964, c. 97, §§ 23-164.3, 23-164.4; 1977, cc. 296, 319; 1979, c. 623; 1989, c. 107; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 16 (JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1602. Powers and duties.
A. The board shall appoint all teachers and agents and fix their salaries and generally direct the affairs of the University.

B. The board may confer degrees.

1964, c. 97, §§ 23-164.6, 23-164.8; 1977, cc. 296, 319; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 16 (JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1603. Program of instruction to educate and train teachers.
The University shall maintain a program of instruction to educate and train teachers for the public elementary and secondary schools of the Commonwealth without excluding other programs of instruction.

1964, c. 97, § 23-164.9; 1977, cc. 296, 319; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 17 (LONGWOOD UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1700. Corporate name; name of the University.
A. The board of visitors of Longwood University (the board) is a corporation under the name and style of "The Visitors of Longwood University" and has, in addition to its other powers, all the corporate powers given to corporations by the provisions of Title 13.1 except those powers that are confined to corporations created pursuant to Title 13.1. The board shall at all times be under the control of the General Assembly.

B. The institution shall be known as Longwood University (the University).

1964, c. 159, §§ 23-182, 23-183; 2002, cc. 158, 257; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 17 (LONGWOOD UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1701. Membership.
A. The board shall consist of 13 members appointed by the Governor, of whom at least two shall be alumni of the University and at least 11 shall be residents of the Commonwealth.

B. The alumni association of the University may submit to the Governor a list of at least three nominees for each vacancy on the board, whether the vacancy occurs by expiration of a term or otherwise. The Governor may appoint a member from the list of nominees.

1964, c. 159, §§ 23-185, 23-186; 1973, c. 55; 1984, c. 772; 2002, cc. 158, 257; 2008, c. 399; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 17 (LONGWOOD UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1702. Powers and duties.
A. The board shall appoint all teachers and agents and fix their salaries and generally direct the affairs of the University.

B. The board may confer degrees.

1964, c. 159, §§ 23-188, 23-190; 2002, cc. 158, 257; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 17 (LONGWOOD UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1703. Program of instruction to educate and train teachers.
The University shall maintain a program of instruction to educate and train teachers for the public elementary and secondary schools of the Commonwealth without excluding other programs of instruction.

1964, c. 159, § 23-191; 2002, cc. 158, 257; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 18 (UNIVERSITY OF MARY WASHINGTON)
§ 23.1-1800. Corporate name; name of the University.
A. The board of visitors of the University of Mary Washington (the board) is a corporation under the name and style of "The Rector and Visitors of the University of Mary Washington" and has, in addition to its other powers, all the corporate powers given to corporations by the provisions of Title 13.1 except those powers that are confined to corporations created pursuant to Title 13.1. The board shall at all times be under the control of the General Assembly.

B. The institution shall be known as the University of Mary Washington (the University).

1972, c. 861, § 23-91.34; 2004, cc. 176, 195; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 18 (UNIVERSITY OF MARY WASHINGTON)
§ 23.1-1801. Membership.
A. The board shall consist of 12 members appointed by the Governor, of whom at least nine shall be residents of the Commonwealth and at least six shall be alumni of the University.

B. The alumni association of the University may submit to the Governor a list of at least three nominees for each vacancy on the board, whether the vacancy occurs by expiration of a term or otherwise. The Governor may appoint a member from the list of nominees.

1972, c. 861, §§ 23-91.36, 23-91.37; 2004, cc. 176, 195; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 18 (UNIVERSITY OF MARY WASHINGTON)
§ 23.1-1802. Meetings; officers; committees.
A. The board shall meet at the University once a year and at such other times as it determines.

B. A majority of the members shall constitute a quorum.

C. At the first meeting after July 1 in every even-numbered year, the board shall appoint from its membership a rector to preside at its meetings, a vice-rector to preside at its meetings in the absence of the rector, and a secretary to preside at its meetings in the absence of the rector and vice-rector.

D. The board may appoint a pro tempore officer to preside at its meetings in the absence of the rector, vice-rector, and secretary.

E. Vacancies in the offices of rector, vice-rector, and secretary may be filled by the board for the unexpired term.

F. Special meetings of the board may be called by the rector or any three members. In either case, the secretary shall give notice of the time of meetings to each member.

G. At every regular annual meeting of the board, it may appoint an executive committee for the transaction of business in the recess of the board, consisting of at least three and not more than five members, to serve for a period of one year or until the next regular annual meeting.

1972, c. 861, § 23-91.40; 2004, cc. 176, 195; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 18 (UNIVERSITY OF MARY WASHINGTON)
§ 23.1-1803. Powers and duties.
A. The board shall appoint all teachers and fix their salaries, provide for the employment of other personnel as required, and generally direct the affairs of the University.

B. The board may confer degrees and, subject to the provisions of § 23.1-203, approve new academic programs and discontinue academic programs offered by the University.

1972, c. 861, §§ 23-91.40, 23-91.42, 23-91.43; 2004, cc. 176, 195; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 19 (NORFOLK STATE UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1900. Corporate name; name of the University.
A. The board of visitors of Norfolk State University (the board) is a corporation under the name and style of "The Visitors of Norfolk State University" and has, in addition to its other powers, all the corporate powers given to corporations by the provisions of Title 13.1 except those powers that are confined to corporations created pursuant to Title 13.1. The board shall at all times be under the control of the General Assembly.

B. The institution shall be known as Norfolk State University (the University).

C. All laws relating to Norfolk State College or the board of visitors of Norfolk State College shall be construed as relating to the University or the board, respectively.

1968, c. 532, §§ 23-174.1, 23-174.2; 1979, c. 146; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 19 (NORFOLK STATE UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1901. Membership; executive committee.
A. The board of visitors shall consist of 13 members appointed by the Governor, of whom at least four shall be alumni of the University. Of the alumni appointed, at least one shall be a resident of the Commonwealth.

B. The alumni association of the University may submit to the Governor a list of four nominees for each vacancy on the board, whether the vacancy occurs by expiration of a term or otherwise. The Governor may appoint a member from the list of nominees.

C. The board may appoint at least three and not more than five of its members to an executive committee that has and may exercise such powers as the board may prescribe.

1968, c. 532, § 23-174.4; 1980, c. 625; 1999, c. 1013; 2000, c. 844; 2003, c. 802; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 19 (NORFOLK STATE UNIVERSITY)
§ 23.1-1902. Powers and duties.
A. The board shall (i) make all provisions for teachers, staff members, and agents, fix their salaries, and prescribe their duties and (ii) generally direct the affairs of the University.

B. The board may take, hold, receive, and enjoy any gift, grant, devise, or bequest to the University for the uses and purposes designated by the donor, or if not so designated, for the general purposes of the board.

C. The board may confer degrees.

1968, c. 532, §§ 23-174.5, 23-174.6, 23-174.7; 1979, c. 146; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-201. Student advisory committee.
A. The Executive Director of the Council shall appoint a student advisory committee consisting of students enrolled in public institutions of higher education and accredited private institutions of higher education whose primary purpose is to provide collegiate or graduate education and not to provide religious training. Appointments shall be made in a manner to ensure broad student representation from among such institutions.

B. Members shall serve for terms of one year. Vacancies occurring other than by expiration of a term shall be filled for the unexpired term. Members may be reappointed to serve subsequent or consecutive terms.

C. The Executive Director of the Council shall ensure that at least one member of the student advisory committee is reappointed each year. The student advisory committee shall elect a chairman from among its members.

D. The student advisory committee shall meet at least twice annually and advise the Executive Director of the Council regarding such matters as may come before it.

2003, c. 710, § 23-9.3:1; 2006, c. 92; 2009, c. 434; 2016, c. 588; 2017, c. 314; 2020, c. 578; 2025, c. 144.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-202. Employment of Executive Director and other personnel.
The Council shall appoint and employ an Executive Director who shall be the chief executive officer of the Council and employ such other personnel as may be required to assist it in the exercise of its powers and duties.

1956, c. 311, § 23-9.4; 1974, c. 544; 1997, cc. 803, 888, 891; 2002, cc. 591, 612; 2016, c. 588; 2025, c. 144.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-204. Expired.
Expired by the terms of Acts 2012, c. 694, cl. 2, on June 30, 2017.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-204.1. Postgraduation employment rates.
A. The Council shall annually collect and publish on its website data on the proportion of graduates of each public institution of higher education and each nonprofit private institution of higher education eligible to participate in the Tuition Assistance Grant Program (§ 23.1-628 et seq.) who are employed (i) 18 months after the date of graduation and (ii) five years after the date of graduation. The data shall include the program and the program level, as recognized by the Council, for each degree awarded by each institution; the percentage of graduates known to be employed in the Commonwealth, by degree program and level; the average salary, hours worked, as available, occupation or occupation code, as available, and the average higher education-related debt for the graduates on which the data is based, by degree program and level; rates of enrollment in remedial coursework for each institution; individual student credit accumulation for each institution; rates of postsecondary degree completion; and any other information that the Council determines is necessary to address adequate preparation for success in postsecondary education, alignment between secondary and postsecondary education, and alignment between postsecondary education and workforce preparation. The published data shall be consistent with the Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act (§ 2.2-3800 et seq.) and the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1232g.

B. The Council shall disseminate to each public high school and each public institution of higher education and private institution of higher education for which the Council has student-level data a link on its website to the published data.

C. The Council shall provide a notification template that each public high school may use to annually notify students and their parents about the availability of such data.

D. Each public institution of higher education and each nonprofit private institution of higher education eligible to participate in the Tuition Assistance Grant Program (§ 23.1-628 et seq.) shall provide a link on its website to the postsecondary education and employment data published pursuant to subsection A and shall make such link available to each admitted student.

2017, c. 376; 2018, cc. 387, 590.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-205. Authority to carry out federal requirements.
The Council may prepare plans, administer federal programs, and receive and disburse any federal funds in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to it by federal statutes or regulations.

1977, c. 676, § 23-261; 1991, c. 590; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-206. Assessments of the performance of public institutions of higher education.
A. 1. The Council shall develop and revise as appropriate, in consultation with the respective Chairmen of the House Committees on Education and Appropriations and the Senate Committees on Finance and Appropriations and on Education and Health or their designees, representatives of public institutions of higher education, and such other state officials as may be designated by the Governor, objective measures of educational-related performance and institutional performance benchmarks for such objective measures for each public institution of higher education. At a minimum, the Council shall develop objective measures and institutional performance benchmarks for the goals and objectives set forth in subsection A of § 23.1-1002.

2. The Governor shall develop and revise as appropriate objective measures of financial and administrative management performance and related institutional performance benchmarks for the goals and objectives set forth in subdivision A 11 of § 23.1-1002.

B. The Governor shall include objective measures of financial and administrative management and educational-related performance and related institutional performance benchmarks as described in subsection A in "The Budget Bill" submitted as required by subsection A of § 2.2-1509 or in his proposed gubernatorial amendments to the general appropriation act pursuant to subsection E of § 2.2-1509.

C. The Council shall annually assess the degree to which each public institution of higher education has met the financial and administrative management and educational-related performance benchmarks set forth in the current general appropriation act. Such annual assessment shall be based upon the objective measures and institutional performance benchmarks included in the current general appropriation act. The Council shall request assistance from the Secretaries of Finance and Administration who shall provide such assistance for the purpose of assessing whether public institutions of higher education have met the financial and administrative management performance benchmarks.

No later than June 1 of every fiscal year, the Council shall provide a certified written report of the results of such annual assessment to the Governor and the respective Chairmen of the House Committees on Education and Appropriations and the Senate Committees on Finance and Appropriations and on Education and Health.

Each public institution of higher education that is certified by the Council as having met the financial and administrative management and educational-related performance benchmarks in effect for the fiscal year as set forth in the general appropriation act is entitled to the financial benefits set forth in subsection C of § 23.1-1002. Such benefits shall first be provided as determined under such subsection.

2005, cc. 933, 945, § 23-9.6:1.01; 2011, cc. 828, 869; 2013, c. 482; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-207. Tuition relief and refunds and reinstatement for certain students in the Armed Forces.
A. The Council shall issue and revise guidelines for tuition relief, refunds, and reinstatement for students whose service in the Armed Forces of the United States or the Commonwealth has required their sudden withdrawal or prolonged absence from their enrollment in a public institution of higher education and shall provide for the required reenrollment of such students by the relevant institution. These guidelines shall be excluded from the provisions of the Administrative Process Act pursuant to § 2.2-4002.

B. The Council shall appoint an advisory committee of at least 10 representatives of the public institutions of higher education to assist in the development and subsequent revision of such guidelines. The Council shall consult with the Office of the Attorney General and provide opportunity for public comment prior to issuing such guidelines or revisions.

C. Such guidelines shall include procedures for the required reenrollment of students whose service in the Armed Forces of the United States or the Commonwealth precluded their completion of a semester or equivalent term and policies for the required reenrollment of such students in such armed forces.

1991, c. 80, § 23-9.6:2; 2004, c. 740; 2011, c. 27; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-208. Budget requests and recommendations.
A. The Council shall develop policies, formulae, and guidelines for the fair and equitable distribution and use of public funds among the public institutions of higher education, taking into account enrollment projections and recognizing differences and similarities in institutional missions. Such policies, formulae, and guidelines shall include provisions for operating expenses and capital outlay programs and shall be utilized by all public institutions of higher education in preparing requests for appropriations. The Council shall consult with the Department of Planning and Budget in the development of such policies, formulae, and guidelines to ensure that they are consistent with the requirements of the Department of Planning and Budget.

B. Not less than 30 days prior to submitting its biennial budget request to the Governor, the governing board of each public institution of higher education shall transmit to the Council such selected budgetary information relating to its budget request for maintenance and operation and for capital outlay as the Council shall reasonably require. The Council shall analyze such information in light of the Council's plans, policies, formulae, and guidelines and shall submit to the Governor recommendations for approval or modification of each institution's request together with a rationale for each such recommendation. The Council shall make available to the General Assembly its analyses and recommendations concerning institutional budget requests.

C. Nothing in this section shall prevent any institution of higher education from appearing through its representatives or otherwise before the Governor, the Governor's advisory committee on the budget, the General Assembly, or any committee of the General Assembly at any time.

D. Funds for any consortium created by The College of William and Mary in Virginia, Old Dominion University, the University of Virginia, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University for the purpose of promoting graduate marine science education may be included in the budget request of and the appropriations to the Council.

1956, c. 311, § 23-9.9; 1974, c. 544; 1979, c. 294, § 23-9.9:1; 1991, c. 590; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-209. Reports of expenditures of state funds.
The governing board of each public institution of higher education shall provide the Council annual data indicating the apportionment and amounts of expenditures that the relevant institution expends by category, including academic costs, administration, research, and public service, as defined by the Council. The Council shall compile and submit a report of such data annually to the Governor and the General Assembly.

2003, c. 184, § 23-9.9:01; 2007, c. 630; 2012, cc. 803, 835; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-210. Advisory services to accredited nonprofit private institutions of higher education; Private College Advisory Board.
A. The Council shall provide advisory services to accredited nonprofit private institutions of higher education on academic and administrative matters. The Council may review and advise on joint activities, including contracts for services, between nonprofit private institutions of higher education and public institutions of higher education and between nonprofit private institutions of higher education and any agency or political subdivision of the Commonwealth. The Council may collect and analyze such data as may be pertinent to such activities.

B. The Council shall seek the advice of the Private College Advisory Board, and the Advisory Board shall assist the Council in the performance of its duties as required by subsection A. The Private College Advisory Board shall be composed of representatives of nonprofit private institutions of higher education and such other members as the Council may select and shall be broadly representative of nonprofit private institutions of higher education.

C. The Private College Advisory Board shall meet at least once each year.

1974, c. 40, § 23-9.10:2; 1980, c. 728; 1985, c. 448; 2016, c. 588; 2017, c. 314.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-211. Distance learning reciprocity agreements; participation; Distance Learning Reciprocity Advisory Council.
A. The Council may enter into interstate reciprocity agreements that authorize accredited associate-degree-granting and baccalaureate (i) public institutions of higher education and (ii) private institutions of higher education to offer postsecondary distance education. The Council shall administer such agreements and shall approve or disapprove participation in such agreements by accredited associate-degree-granting and baccalaureate (a) public institutions of higher education and (b) private institutions of higher education. Participation in the agreements is voluntary.

B. The Council shall establish the Distance Learning Reciprocity Advisory Council, which shall include representatives from each institution that offers postsecondary distance education pursuant to an interstate reciprocity agreement as set forth in subsection A. The Advisory Council shall advise the Council on the development of policies governing the terms of participation by eligible institutions, including the establishment of fees to be paid by participating institutions to cover direct and indirect administrative costs incurred by the Council.

2014, c. 323, § 23-9.14:3; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-212. Effect upon powers of governing boards of public institutions of higher education; endowment funds.
A. The powers of the governing boards of public institutions of higher education over the affairs of such institutions are not impaired by the provisions of this chapter except to the extent that powers and duties are specifically conferred upon the Council in this chapter.

B. The Council shall have no authority over the solicitation, investment, or expenditure of endowment funds now held or in the future received by any public institution of higher education.

1956, c. 311, § 23-9.14; 1974, c. 544; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-212.1. Nuclear Education Grant Fund and Program.
A. As used in this section, "nuclear education program" means an instructional program that leads to a degree or credential that specifically supports the nuclear power industry, including nuclear engineering and nuclear welding.

B. There is hereby created in the state treasury a special nonreverting fund to be known as the Nuclear Education Grant Fund, referred to in this section as "the Fund." The Fund shall be established on the books of the Comptroller. All funds appropriated for such purpose and any gifts, donations, grants, bequests, and other funds received on its behalf shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Fund. Interest earned on moneys in the Fund shall remain in the Fund and be credited to it. Any moneys remaining in the Fund, including interest thereon, at the end of each fiscal year shall not revert to the general fund but shall remain in the Fund. Moneys in the Fund shall be used solely for the purposes of awarding grants on a competitive basis pursuant to the Nuclear Education Grant Program established in subsection C. Expenditures and disbursements from the Fund shall be made by the State Treasurer on warrants issued by the Comptroller upon written request signed by the chairman of the Council.

C. There is hereby established the Nuclear Education Grant Program (the Program), to be administered by the Council, for the purpose of awarding grants from the Fund on a competitive basis to any public institution of higher education or private institution of higher education that seeks to establish or expand a nuclear education program.

D. The Council shall establish such rules, policies, and procedures as it deems necessary for the administration of the Program, including rules, policies, and procedures for Program applications and grant awards.

2023, c. 508.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-214. Certified mail; subsequent mail or notices may be sent by regular mail.
Whenever the Council is required to send any mail or notice by certified mail pursuant to this article and such mail or notice is sent certified mail, return receipt requested, the Council may send any subsequent, identical mail or notice by regular mail.

2011, c. 566, § 23-276.1:1; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-215. Authority of the Council; regulations; standards for postsecondary schools; delegation of authority to Executive Director.
A. The Council shall adopt, pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), such regulations as may be necessary to implement the provisions of this article, including (i) procedures by which a postsecondary school may apply for Council approval to confer degrees in the Commonwealth; (ii) measures designed to ensure that all postsecondary schools that are subject to the provisions of this article meet the minimal standards established pursuant to subsection B; (iii) protections for students pursuing postsecondary education opportunities in postsecondary schools subject to the provisions of this article; and (iv) information to assist persons who rely on postsecondary degrees or certificates to judge the competence of individuals in receipt of such degrees or certificates.

B. The Council shall establish minimal standards for postsecondary schools that include standards for faculty preparation and experience, educational programs, physical plants, additional locations, finances, guaranty instruments, advertising and publications, maintenance of student records, personnel qualifications, student services, the method for collecting and refunding tuition and fees, library resources and services, organization and administration, changes of ownership or control, procedures for student admission and graduation, agent or solicitor requirements, consistency of a postsecondary school's stated purpose with the proposed offerings, reporting requirements, and any other relevant standards or requirements adopted by an accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.

C. The Council shall prescribe the manner, conditions, and language to be used by a postsecondary school or agent of such school to disclose or advertise that the postsecondary school has received certification from the Council to offer postsecondary programs in the Commonwealth.

D. The Council may establish separate certification criteria for various postsecondary school classifications.

E. The Council may grant to its Executive Director the authority to take specific actions on its behalf in furtherance of the provisions of this article.

Code 1950, § 23-268; 1980, c. 658; 1996, cc. 691, 832; 2002, c. 178, § 23-276.3; 2004, c. 991; 2005, c. 447; 2016, c. 588; 2025, c. 144.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-216. Career College Advisory Board established.
A. The Council shall establish and seek the advice of the Career College Advisory Board, which shall assist the Council in the performance of its duties and provide advisory services in academic and administrative matters relating to proprietary private postsecondary schools, excluding vocational non-college degree schools. The Career College Advisory Board shall be composed of college and university representatives and such other members as the Council may select and shall be broadly representative of proprietary private postsecondary schools, excluding vocational non-college degree schools.

B. The Career College Advisory Board shall meet at least twice each year and advise the Council and proprietary private postsecondary schools, excluding vocational non-college degree schools, regarding such matters as may come before the Career College Advisory Board. The Council may employ such qualified personnel as may be required to assist the Career College Advisory Board in the performance of its duties.

2004, c. 991, § 23-276.13; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-217. Certification required.
A. No person shall open, operate, or conduct any postsecondary school in the Commonwealth without certification to operate such postsecondary school issued by the Council. The Council shall certify those postsecondary schools in compliance with Council regulations issued pursuant to this article.

B. Postsecondary schools shall seek such certification from the Council immediately after receipt of a valid business license issued by the relevant official of the locality in which it seeks to operate.

2004, c. 991, § 23-276.14; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-218. List of postsecondary schools holding valid certification.
A. The Council shall maintain a list of postsecondary schools holding valid certification under the provisions of this article and shall make such list available to the public.

B. Upon confirmation of any notification or discovery of any postsecondary school operating without its certification or approval, the Council shall notify in writing the relevant local Commissioner of the Revenue or other official serving such equivalent functions of the postsecondary school's violation of such certification or approval requirement and shall recommend revocation of the postsecondary school's business license.

2004, c. 991, § 23-276.15; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-220. Approval procedures.
A. Prior to Council approval for a postsecondary school to use the term "college" or "university" or abbreviations or words of similar meaning in its name or in any manner in connection with its academic affairs or business, offer courses or programs for degree credit, enroll students in any courses or programs, or confer or award degrees, each postsecondary school shall be evaluated by the Council in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to § 23.1-215.

B. Upon finding that the applicant has fully complied with the regulations adopted pursuant to § 23.1-215, the Council shall approve the application.

C. The Council may defer a decision on an application upon determining that additional information is needed.

D. The Council shall not take into account duplication of effort by public institutions of higher education and private institutions of higher education or other questions of need when considering an application.

Code 1950, § 23-269; 1980, c. 658; 1996, cc. 691, 832; 2002, c. 178, § 23-276.5; 2003, c. 461; 2004, c. 991; 2005, c. 447; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-222. Emergency actions.
A. The Council may, by regulation, authorize its Executive Director to take immediate action on its behalf in any instance in which a postsecondary school holding certification to operate in the Commonwealth is the subject of an adverse action by the U.S. Department of Education or the postsecondary school's accrediting agency. When such adverse action threatens a disruption of the operation of the postsecondary school and exposes students to a loss of course or degree credit or financial loss, the Executive Director may:

1. Suspend new enrollment in specified programs or degree levels or all programs and degree levels that have been approved by the Council;

2. Require the postsecondary school to provide a guaranty instrument in the amount necessary to cover the refund of unearned tuition to all students enrolled at the time of the action; or

3. Take such other actions as may be necessary to protect the rights of currently enrolled or future students.

B. At its next regularly scheduled meeting, the Council shall either ratify the Executive Director's action or take such other actions as it deems necessary.

2002, c. 178, § 23-276.7; 2005, c. 447; 2016, c. 588; 2025, c. 144.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-223. Preservation of students' records.
A. In the event of school closure or revocation of its approval or certification, the postsecondary school shall (i) make arrangements for the transfer of the academic and financial records of all students to the Council within 30 days of the closure or (ii) with the approval of the Council, ensure preservation of the academic and financial records of all students by entering into an agreement with another postsecondary school. An out-of-state postsecondary school that is public or corporately held may retain records at the postsecondary school's location outside of the Commonwealth but shall provide the Council with the contact information needed for each student to obtain copies of his academic and financial records.

B. This section shall not be deemed to interfere with students' rights to have access to and obtain copies of their own records or to authorize disclosure of student records except in compliance with applicable state and federal law, including the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. § 1232g).

2002, c. 178, § 23-276.8; 2005, c. 447; 2013, c. 229; 2016, c. 588.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-224. Fees.
The Council may establish nonrefundable fees for services and methods for collecting such fees.

2002, c. 178, § 23-276.9; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-225. Prohibited acts.
A. Without prior Council approval, no person or other entity subject to the provisions of this article shall use in any manner within the Commonwealth the term "college" or "university" or abbreviations or words of similar meaning in its name, in connection with its academic affairs or business, or in any literature, catalog, pamphlet, or descriptive material.

This subsection shall not apply to any person or other entity that (i) used the term "college" or "university" openly and conspicuously in its title within the Commonwealth prior to July 1, 1970; (ii) was granted authority to operate in the Commonwealth by the Council between July 1, 1970, and July 1, 2002, and maintains valid authority to so operate in the Commonwealth on or after July 1, 2002; (iii) was exempted from the provisions of former Chapter 21 (§ 23-265 et seq.) of Title 23, as such law was in effect prior to July 1, 2002; or (iv) was authorized by the Council to use a name while its request for approval to enroll students is pending before the Council.

B. No person or other entity shall sell, barter, or exchange for any consideration, or attempt to sell, barter, or exchange for any consideration, any degree credit, degree, or certificate.

C. No person or other entity shall:

1. Use or attempt to use, in connection with any business, trade, profession, or occupation, any degree credit, degree, or certificate, including any transcript of coursework that it knows or has reason to know has been fraudulently issued, obtained, forged, materially altered, or purchased;

2. Issue or manufacture a fraudulent academic credential;

3. Physically present a fraudulent academic credential, knowing it is fraudulent, in an attempt to obtain employment, promotion, licensure, or admission to an institution of higher education;

4. In any way represent that it is an institution of higher education that is accredited by an accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or has the foreign equivalent of such accreditation if the person or entity is not so accredited; or

5. Represent that credits earned at or granted by any institution of higher education or academic-vocational non-college degree school may be applied for credit toward a degree unless such person is exempted from the provisions of this article or granted certification or approval by the Council in accordance with this article and the Council's regulations.

Code 1950, § 23-272; 1980, c. 658; 2002, c. 178, § 23-276.10; 2004, c. 991; 2008, c. 856; 2016, c. 588.
Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-227. Laws of the Commonwealth to apply to contracts.
The laws of the Commonwealth shall govern any agreement, contract, or instrument of indebtedness executed between a postsecondary school and any person who enrolls in any course or program offered or to be offered by such school in the Commonwealth or any person who is employed or offered employment by such school in the Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 23-276; 1980, c. 658; 2002, c. 178, § 23-276.11; 2004, c. 991; 2005, c. 447; 2016, c. 588; 2017, c. 314.

Code of Virginia — Title 23.1 (Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions), Chapter 2 (State Council of Higher Education for Virginia)
§ 23.1-228. Violations; penalties; remedies.
A. Violations of this article or the Council's implementing regulations are punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor. Each degree, certificate, program, academic transcript, or course of study offered, conferred, or used in violation of this article or the Council's regulations shall constitute a separate offense.

B. If no criminal prosecution is instituted against such postsecondary school pursuant to subsection A, the Council may recover a civil penalty of at least $200 but not more than $1,000 per separate offense set forth in subsection A. In no event shall the civil penalties against any one person, corporation, or other entity exceed $25,000 per year.

C. The Council may institute a proceeding in equity to enjoin any violation of this article or its implementing regulations and upon substantially prevailing on the merits of the case and unless special circumstances would render such an award unjust, the Council is entitled to an award of reasonable attorney fees and costs in any such action.

Code 1950, § 23-273; 1980, c. 658; 2002, c. 178, § 23-276.12; 2006, c. 48; 2008, c. 856; 2016, c. 588.