dcrodriguez/Code-of-Virginia huggingface dataset:
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 11 (OFFENSES AGAINST THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE COMMONWEALTH)
§ 18.2-488.1. Flag at half staff or mast for certain public safety personnel killed in the line of duty.
A. As used in this section, unless the context requires a different meaning:

"Emergency medical services provider" means the same as that term is defined in § 32.1-111.1 and any member of a volunteer emergency medical services agency.

"Firefighter" means the same as that term is defined in § 9.1-300, and any member of a volunteer fire department.

"Police officer" means any full-time or part-time employee of a police department or sheriff's office which is a part of or administered by the Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof and who is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the enforcement of the penal, traffic, or highway laws of the Commonwealth and a state correctional officer of the Department of Corrections.

"Service member" means a member of the United States armed forces, Virginia National Guard, or Virginia Defense Force.

B. Whenever a service member, police officer, firefighter, or emergency medical services provider who is a resident of Virginia is killed in the line of duty, all flags, state and local, flown at any building owned and operated by the Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof shall be flown at half staff or mast for one day to honor and acknowledge respect for those who made the supreme sacrifice.

C. The Department of General Services shall develop procedures to effectuate the purposes of this section.

2012, c. 767; 2015, cc. 502, 503; 2017, c. 344.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 11 (OFFENSES AGAINST THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE COMMONWEALTH)
§ 18.2-489. To what article applies.
This article shall not apply to any act permitted by the statutes of the United States or by the laws of this Commonwealth, or by the United States armed forces regulations, nor shall it apply to any printed or written document or production, stationery, ornament, picture or jewelry whereon shall be depicted such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield, with no design or words thereon and disconnected with any advertisement.

Code 1950, § 18.1-426; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 11 (OFFENSES AGAINST THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE COMMONWEALTH)
§ 18.2-490. Penalty.
Any violation of this article shall be punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to § 18.2-488.1.

Code 1950, § 18.1-427; 1960, c. 358; 1968, c. 349; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2012, c. 767.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 11 (OFFENSES AGAINST THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE COMMONWEALTH)
§ 18.2-491. Construction.
This article shall be so construed as to effectuate its general purpose, and to make uniform the laws of the states which enact it.

Code 1950, § 18.1-428; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 11 (OFFENSES AGAINST THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE COMMONWEALTH)
§ 18.2-492. Short title.
This article may be cited as the Uniform Flag Act.

Code 1950, § 18.1-429; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-493. Definitions.
As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:

"Liquefied petroleum gas" means any material that is composed predominately of any of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of the same: propane, propylene, butanes (normal butane and isobutane) and butylenes.

"Owner" means any person who holds a written bill of sale under which title or ownership to a container was transferred to such person, or any manufacturer of a container who has not sold or transferred ownership thereof by written bill of sale.

"Person" means any person, firm, or corporation.

"Qualifying emergency" means (i) a state of emergency as declared by the Governor pursuant to Chapter 3.2 (§ 44-146.13 et seq.) of Title 44; (ii) a local emergency as declared by the local director of emergency management with the consent of the governing body of the political subdivision pursuant to § 44-146.21; (iii) a state of emergency as declared by the President of the United States; (iv) when severe weather or other similar circumstances exist that may result in a person being placed in imminent danger of death or injury or may result in a building or its fixtures being at risk of significant damage due to lack of heat caused by the lack of sufficient liquefied petroleum gas to produce such heat; or (v) when a waiver from delivery limitations affecting the delivery of liquefied petroleum gas has been ordered.

Code 1950, § 18.1-400.1; 1970, c. 442; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2023, c. 531.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-494. Unlawful use of, filling or refilling, or trafficking in containers.
A. Unless a qualifying emergency is in effect, no person except the owner thereof or person authorized in writing by the owner shall fill or refill with liquefied petroleum gas, or any other gas or compound, a liquefied petroleum gas container or buy, sell, offer for sale, give, take, loan, deliver, or permit to be delivered or otherwise use, dispose of, or traffic in a liquefied petroleum gas container or containers if the container bears upon the surface thereof in plainly legible characters the name, initials, mark, or other device of the owner. Nor shall any person other than the owner of a liquefied petroleum gas container or a person authorized in writing by the owner deface, erase, obliterate, cover up, or otherwise remove or conceal any name, mark, initial, or device thereon.

B. When a qualifying emergency is in effect, a residential customer who can demonstrate that he has less than a 24-hour supply of liquefied petroleum gas shall first make a good faith effort to procure delivery of liquefied petroleum gas from the owner of the liquefied petroleum gas container. If the owner of the liquefied petroleum gas container or other person authorized in writing by the owner is unable to make a scheduled delivery or fulfill the residential customer's good faith request within 24 hours, the customer may have an emergency supplier fill, refill, or otherwise deliver liquefied petroleum gas into the customer's liquefied petroleum gas container, provided that the emergency supplier ensures that such liquefied petroleum gas container, and the devices and pipelines operated in connection with such container, have been inspected and certified as required by law. Within five business days of filling, refilling, or otherwise delivering liquefied petroleum gas to the customer's container, the emergency supplier shall give written notice to the owner of the liquefied petroleum gas container that includes (i) the name and address of the customer; (ii) the date of the filling, refilling, or delivery; and (iii) the amount of liquefied petroleum gas that was placed in the customer's container. The emergency supplier shall assume all responsibility and liability for injury to persons or property related to the emergency refilling of the liquefied petroleum gas container.

When an emergency supplier delivers liquefied petroleum gas to a residential customer pursuant to this subsection, neither such emergency supplier nor the owner of the liquefied petroleum gas container may charge any penalty or fee in addition to the filling, refilling, or delivery fees that are usually charged to other customers in the course of business during a nonemergency.

Code 1950, § 18.1-400.2; 1970, c. 442; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2023, c. 531.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-495. Presumptive evidence.
The use of a liquefied petroleum gas container or containers by any person other than the person whose name, mark, initial, or device is on the liquefied petroleum gas container or containers, without written consent, or purchase of the marked and distinguished liquefied petroleum gas container for the sale of liquefied petroleum gas or filling or refilling with liquefied petroleum gas, or possession of the liquefied petroleum gas containers by any person other than the person having his name, mark, initial, or other device thereon, without the written consent of such owner, is presumptive evidence of the unlawful use of, filling or refilling of, or trafficking in such liquefied petroleum gas containers.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to the filling, refilling, or otherwise delivering of liquefied petroleum gas into a liquefied petroleum gas container when such filling, refilling, or otherwise delivering of liquefied petroleum gas is done in accordance with subsection B of § 18.2-494.

Code 1950, § 18.1-400.3; 1970, c. 442; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2023, c. 531.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-496. Punishment for violation.
Any person who fails to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this article is guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor for each separate offense.

Code 1950, § 18.1-400.4; 1970, c. 442; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-497. Fines and costs.
The costs incurred in the enforcement of this article shall be assessed and collected in the same manner as in criminal cases, and all fines collected by virtue of this article shall be turned over in the same manner and for the same purposes as criminal and misdemeanor fines are disposed of by law.

Code 1950, § 18.1-400.5; 1970, c. 442; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-498. Exempt containers.
Nothing in this article applies to or shall be construed to affect a liquefied petroleum gas container having a total capacity of five gallons or less.

Code 1950, § 18.1-400.6; 1970, c. 442; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-498.1. Short title.
This article shall be known and cited as the Virginia Governmental Frauds Act.

1980, c. 472.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-498.2. Definitions.
When used in this article, the term:

1. "Person" includes any natural person, any trust or association of persons, formal or otherwise, or any corporation, partnership, company or other legal or commercial entity.

2. "Commercial dealing" shall mean any offer, acceptance, agreement, or solicitation to sell or offer to sell or distribute goods, services or construction, to the Commonwealth of Virginia, or any local government within the Commonwealth or any department or agency thereof.

1980, c. 472.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-498.3. Misrepresentations prohibited.
Any person, in any commercial dealing in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia, or any local government within the Commonwealth or any department or agency thereof, who knowingly falsifies, conceals, misleads, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact, or makes any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations, or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry, shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.

1980, c. 472.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-498.4. Duty to provide certified statement.
A. The Commonwealth, or any department or agency thereof, and any local government or any department or agency thereof, may require that any person seeking, offering or agreeing to transact business or commerce with it, or seeking, offering or agreeing to receive any portion of the public funds or moneys, submit a certification that the offer or agreement or any claim resulting therefrom is not the result of, or affected by, any act of collusion with another person engaged in the same line of business or commerce; or any act of fraud punishable under this article.

B. Any person required to submit a certified statement as provided in subsection A above who knowingly makes a false statement shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.

1980, c. 472.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-498.5. Actions on behalf of Commonwealth or localities.
The Attorney General on behalf of the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the Commonwealth, on behalf of the county or city as the case may be may institute actions and proceedings for any and all violations occurring within their jurisdictions.

1980, c. 472.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-499. Combinations to injure others in their reputation, trade, business or profession; rights of employees.
A. Any two or more persons who combine, associate, agree, mutually undertake or concert together for the purpose of (i) willfully and maliciously injuring another in his reputation, trade, business or profession by any means whatever or (ii) willfully and maliciously compelling another to do or perform any act against his will, or preventing or hindering another from doing or performing any lawful act, shall be jointly and severally guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Such punishment shall be in addition to any civil relief recoverable under § 18.2-500.

B. Any person who attempts to procure the participation, cooperation, agreement or other assistance of any one or more persons to enter into any combination, association, agreement, mutual understanding or concert prohibited in subsection A of this section shall be guilty of a violation of this section and subject to the same penalties set out in subsection A.

C. This section shall not affect the right of employees lawfully to organize and bargain concerning wages and conditions of employment, and take other steps to protect their rights as provided under state and federal laws.

Code 1950, § 18.1-74.1:1; 1964, c. 623; 1972, c. 469; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1994, c. 534.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-500. Same; civil relief; damages and counsel fees; injunctions.
A. Any person who shall be injured in his reputation, trade, business or profession by reason of a violation of § 18.2-499, may sue therefor and recover three-fold the damages by him sustained, and the costs of suit, including a reasonable fee to plaintiff's counsel, and without limiting the generality of the term, "damages" shall include loss of profits.

B. Whenever a person shall duly file a civil action in the circuit court of any county or city against any person alleging violations of the provisions of § 18.2-499 and praying that such party defendant be restrained and enjoined from continuing the acts complained of, such court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the issues involved, to issue injunctions pendente lite and permanent injunctions and to decree damages and costs of suit, including reasonable counsel fees to complainants' and defendants' counsel.

Code 1950, § 18.1-74.1:2; 1964, c. 623; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2003, c. 578; 2005, c. 681.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-501. Same; protection of persons testifying or producing evidence.
(a) No natural person shall be prosecuted or be subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter or thing concerning which he may testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, in any action, suit, or prosecution authorized by this article; provided, that no person so testifying shall be exempt from prosecution or punishment for perjury committed in so testifying.

(b) As used in this article a "person" is any person, firm, corporation, partnership or association.

Code 1950, § 18.1-74.1:3; 1964, c. 623; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-502. Medical referral for profit.
(a) No person, firm, partnership, association or corporation, or agent or employee thereof, shall for profit engage in any business which in whole or in part includes the referral or recommendation of persons to a physician, hospital, health related facility, or dispensary for any form of medical care or treatment of any ailment or physical condition unless the person is advised of the criteria of selection of the physicians, hospitals, health-related facilities or dispensaries considered for the referral or recommendation. The acceptance of a fee or charge for any such referral or recommendation shall create a presumption that the business is engaged in such service for profit. A violation of the provisions of this section shall be punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.

(b) Whenever there is a violation of this section, in addition to the criminal sanctions, an application may be made by the Attorney General to the circuit court of the city or county in which the offense occurred, to issue an injunction, and upon notice to the defendant of not less than five days, to enjoin and restrain the continuance of such violation. If it appears to the satisfaction of the court or judge that the defendant has, in fact, violated this section, an injunction may be issued by such court or judge enjoining and restraining any further violation, without requiring proof that any person has, in fact, been injured or damaged thereby. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit, prohibit, forbid or prevent any licensed physician or practitioner of the healing arts in the ordinary course of his professional practice from making referrals or recommendations to other members of such groups, so long as no fee is received for such referral or recommendation.

The criminal and civil provisions of this section shall not apply to any individual association or corporation not organized or incorporated for pecuniary profit or financial gain, or to any organization or association which is exempt from taxation pursuant to § 501(c) of Title 26 of the United States Code (Int. Rev. Code of 1954).

(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize any division of fees prohibited by § 54.1-2962 or any remuneration for referral prohibited by federal law or regulation.

Code 1950, § 18.1-417.2; 1972, c. 642; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1986, c. 632.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-502.1. Weight loss centers or clinics; disclosure.
No weight loss center or clinic shall, in its name or advertisements, use the words "physicians" or "doctors" or refer to its clients as "patients" or indicate that "medical teams" are available in its facility unless (i) the facility employs at least one registered nurse full-time and employs or contracts with at least one physician licensed by the Board of Medicine for services or consultation in connection with the facility's activities; or (ii) the facility is under the full-time supervision of a physician; or (iii) the clinic or program is operated by or in conjunction with a licensed hospital. Any physician affiliated with a weight loss center or clinic for purposes of consultation or supervision shall have primary responsibility for decisions made within the scope of that affiliation relating to the provision of medical services or care to persons using the services of that facility and shall have primary responsibility for medical decisions relating to the evaluation of the appropriateness of the admission of persons to the weight loss program. Any person who violates the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.

1988, c. 765.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-502.2. Warning required for certain medical tests; penalty.
No commercial medical testing kit designed for consumer home use shall be sold in this Commonwealth unless a warning is provided to the consumer to the effect that such tests may produce erroneous results and that medical testing is more accurate when performed by professionals within the controlled conditions of a laboratory. The consumer shall be advised to seek professional medical consultation and, if recommended, another test for validation of such test results.

Any person who violates the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a Class 4 misdemeanor.

1989, c. 142.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-503. Possession or duplication of certain keys.
(a) No person shall knowingly possess any key to the lock of any building or other property owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia, or a department, division, agency or political subdivision thereof, without receiving permission from a person duly authorized to give such permission to possess such key.

(b) No person, without receiving permission from a person duly authorized to give such permission, shall knowingly duplicate, copy or make a facsimile of any key to a lock of a building or other property owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia, or a department, division, agency or political subdivision thereof.

Violation of this section shall constitute a Class 3 misdemeanor.

Code 1950, § 18.1-408.1; 1972, c. 139; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1984, c. 61.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-504. Destroying or concealing wills.
If any person fraudulently destroy or conceal any will or codicil, with intent to prevent the probate thereof, he shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.

Code 1950, § 18.1-309; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-504.1. Unlawful change of name; punishment.
If any person residing in this Commonwealth changes his name or assumes another name, unlawfully, he shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.

Code 1950, § 8-577.1; 1956, c. 402; 1973, c. 401; 1976, c. 115; 1977, c. 624.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-505. Preparation, etc., of papers to be submitted for academic credit.
(a) No person shall prepare, cause to be prepared or sell any term paper, thesis, dissertation or other written material for another person, for profit, with the knowledge, or under circumstances in which he should reasonably have known, that such term paper, thesis, dissertation or other written material is to be submitted by any other person for academic credit at any public or private institution of higher education in the Commonwealth.

(b) No person shall make or disseminate, with the intent to induce any other person to enter into any obligation relating thereto, any statement, written or oral, that he will prepare or cause to be prepared, any term paper, thesis, dissertation or other written material, to be sold for profit, for or on behalf of any person who has been assigned the written preparation of such term paper, thesis, dissertation or other written material for academic credit at any public or private institution of higher education in the Commonwealth.

Code 1950, § 18.1-371.1; 1974, c. 342; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-506. "Person" and "prepare" defined.
(a) As used in this article, "person" means any individual, partnership, corporation or association.

(b) As used in this article, "prepare" means to put into condition for intended use. "Prepare" does not include the mere typing or assembling of papers, nor the mere furnishing of information or research.

Code 1950, § 18.1-371.2; 1974, c. 342; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-507. Injunctions against violation of § 18.2-505.
Whenever an institution of higher education in the Commonwealth shall duly file a civil action in the circuit court of any county or city against any person alleging violations of the provisions of § 18.2-505, and praying that such party defendant be restrained and enjoined from continuing the acts complained of, such court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the issues involved, to issue injunctions pendente lite and permanent injunctions and to decree damages and costs of suit, including reasonable counsel fees to complainants' counsel.

Code 1950, § 18.1-371.3; 1974, c. 342; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2005, c. 681.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-508. Penalties.
Any person found guilty of violating any provision of § 18.2-505 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000.

Code 1950, § 18.1-371.4; 1974, c. 342; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-509. Employment of lights under certain circumstances.
Any person in any motor vehicle or otherwise who, between a half hour after sunset on any day and a half hour before sunrise the following day, employs a light attached to such vehicle, or employs a spotlight to cast a light beyond the surface of the roadway upon any poultry house or other building inhabited by animals that causes such animals to panic or become injured, except upon his own land or upon private land on which he has permission, shall be guilty of a Class 4 misdemeanor.

1976, c. 332.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-510. Burial or cremation of animals or fowls which have died.
When the owner of any animal or grown fowl which has died knows of such death, such owner shall forthwith have its body cremated or buried or request such service from an officer or other person designated for the purpose. If the owner fails to do so, any judge of a general district court, after notice to the owner if he can be ascertained, shall cause any such dead animal or fowl to be cremated or buried by an officer or other person designated for the purpose. Such officer or other person shall be entitled to recover of the owner of every such animal or fowl that is cremated or buried the actual cost of the cremation or burial and a reasonable fee to be recovered in the same manner as officers' fees are recovered, free from all exemptions in favor of such owner. Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a Class 4 misdemeanor.

Nothing in this section shall be deemed to require the burial or cremation of the whole or portions of any animal or fowl which is to be used for food or in any commercial manner.

This section shall not apply to any county until the governing body thereof shall adopt the same.

Code 1950, § 32-70; 1979, c. 716; 1981, c. 578; 2008, c. 345.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-511. Sale of certain military grave markers prohibited.
Any person who sells or offers for sale any military grave marker of one or more deceased persons who served in the military service of the Commonwealth, the United States, or any of the states thereof, shall be assessed a $100 civil penalty payable to the Literary Fund.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to the sale or offer for sale of such grave marker if it was (i) conveyed with real property to which it remains affixed, (ii) sold or offered for sale following manufacture or fabrication and prior to initial installation or dedication, or (iii) lawfully acquired.

2004, c. 299.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 12 (MISCELLANEOUS)
§ 18.2-511.1. Smoking in proximity to a medical oxygen source in a health care facility; penalty.
Any person who smokes or uses an open flame within 25 feet of a medical oxygen source in a health care facility, as defined in § 15.2-2820, when the area is posted as an area where smoking and open flame are prohibited is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.

2007, c. 430; 2009, cc. 153, 154.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 13 (VIRGINIA RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATION ACT)
§ 18.2-512. Short title.
This chapter may be cited as the "Virginia Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act."

2004, cc. 883, 996.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 13 (VIRGINIA RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATION ACT)
§ 18.2-513. Definitions.
As used in this chapter:

"Criminal street gang" means the same as that term is defined in § 18.2-46.1.

"Enterprise" includes any of the following: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, business trust, criminal street gang, or other group of three or more individuals associated for the purpose of criminal activity.

"Proceeds" means the same as that term is defined in § 18.2-246.2.

"Racketeering activity" means to commit, attempt to commit, or conspire to commit or to solicit, coerce, or intimidate another person to commit two or more of the following offenses: Article 2.1 (§ 18.2-46.1 et seq.) of Chapter 4, § 18.2-460; a felony offense of § 3.2-4212, 3.2-4219, 10.1-1455, 18.2-31, 18.2-32, 18.2-32.1, 18.2-33, or 18.2-35, Article 2.2 (§ 18.2-46.4 et seq.) of Chapter 4, § 18.2-47, 18.2-48, 18.2-48.1, 18.2-49, 18.2-51, 18.2-51.2, 18.2-52, 18.2-53, 18.2-55, 18.2-58, 18.2-59, 18.2-77, 18.2-79, 18.2-80, 18.2-89, 18.2-90, 18.2-91, 18.2-92, 18.2-93, 18.2-95, 18.2-96, or 18.2-103.1, Article 4 (§ 18.2-111 et seq.) of Chapter 5, Article 1 (§ 18.2-168 et seq.) of Chapter 6, § 18.2-178 or 18.2-186, Article 6 (§ 18.2-191 et seq.) of Chapter 6, Article 9 (§ 18.2-246.1 et seq.) of Chapter 6, § 18.2-246.13, Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) of Chapter 7, § 18.2-279, 18.2-286.1, 18.2-289, 18.2-300, 18.2-308.2, 18.2-308.2:1, 18.2-328, 18.2-346, 18.2-346.01, 18.2-348, 18.2-348.1, 18.2-349, 18.2-355, 18.2-356, 18.2-357, 18.2-357.1, 18.2-368, 18.2-369, or 18.2-374.1, Article 8 (§ 18.2-433.1 et seq.) of Chapter 9, Article 1 (§ 18.2-434 et seq.) of Chapter 10, Article 2 (§ 18.2-438 et seq.) of Chapter 10, Article 3 (§ 18.2-446 et seq.) of Chapter 10, Article 1.1 (§ 18.2-498.1 et seq.) of Chapter 12, § 3.2-6571, 18.2-516, 32.1-314, 58.1-1008.2, 58.1-1017, or 58.1-1017.1; or any substantially similar offenses under the laws of any other state, the District of Columbia, or the United States or its territories.

2004, cc. 883, 996; 2008, c. 681; 2009, cc. 662, 847; 2013, c. 626; 2015, cc. 690, 691; 2019, cc. 458, 617; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 188; 2023, cc. 357, 358, 607, 608.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 13 (VIRGINIA RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATION ACT)
§ 18.2-514. Racketeering offenses.
A. It shall be unlawful for an enterprise, any person who is directed by an organizer, supervisor, or manager of an enterprise, or any person who occupies a position of organizer, supervisor, or manager of an enterprise, to receive or distribute any proceeds or anything of value known to have been derived directly from racketeering activity and to use or invest an aggregate of $10,000 or more of such proceeds or such things of value in the acquisition of any title to, or any right, interest, or equity in, real property, or in the establishment or operation of any enterprise.

B. It shall be unlawful for any enterprise, or for any person who occupies a position of organizer, supervisor, or manager of an enterprise, to directly acquire or maintain any interest in or control of any enterprise or real property through racketeering activity.

C. It shall be unlawful for any person employed by, or associated with, any enterprise to conduct or participate, directly or indirectly, in such enterprise through racketeering activity.

D. It shall be unlawful for any person to conspire to violate any of the provisions of subsection A, B, or C.

E. Each violation of this section is a separate and distinct felony punishable in accordance with § 18.2-515.

2004, cc. 883, 996; 2009, c. 847; 2023, cc. 607, 608.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 13 (VIRGINIA RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATION ACT)
§ 18.2-515. Criminal penalties; forfeiture.
A. Any person or enterprise convicted of engaging in activity in violation of the provisions of § 18.2-514 is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not less than five years nor more than 40 years and a fine of not more than $1 million. A second or subsequent offense shall be punishable as a Class 2 felony and a fine of not more than $2 million.

The court may order any such person or enterprise to be divested of any interest in any enterprise or real property identified in § 18.2-514; order the dissolution or reorganization of such enterprise; and order the suspension or revocation of any license, permit, or prior approval granted to such enterprise or person by any agency of the Commonwealth or political subdivision thereof.

B. All property, real or personal, including money, together with any interest or profits derived from the investment of such money, used in substantial connection with, intended for use in the course of, or traceable to, conduct in violation of any provision of § 18.2-514 is subject to civil forfeiture to the Commonwealth. The forfeiture proceeding shall be conducted pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 22.1 (§ 19.2-386.1 et seq.) of Title 19.2.

2004, cc. 883, 996; 2012, c. 511.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 13 (VIRGINIA RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATION ACT)
§ 18.2-516. (Effective July 1, 2026) Prohibition of illegal money transmitting.
A. Any person who controls, manages, or owns all or part of an enterprise, engaged in money transmission as defined in § 6.2-1922, and transmits money, which he knows or should have known was derived from or traceable to racketeering activity, is guilty of a Class 6 felony.

B. All property, real or personal, including money, used in substantial connection with, intended for use in the course of, or traceable to, conduct in violation of any provision of subsection A is subject to civil forfeiture to the Commonwealth. The forfeiture proceeding shall be conducted pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 22.1 (§ 19.2-386.1 et seq.) of Title 19.2.

2004, cc. 883, 996; 2025, c. 214.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 13 (VIRGINIA RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATION ACT)
§ 18.2-517. Venue for prosecution.
For the purposes of venue, any violation of this chapter shall be considered to have been committed in any county or city:

1. In which any act was performed in furtherance of any course of conduct that violates this chapter;

2. That is the principal place of the enterprise in the Commonwealth;

3. In which any offender had control or possession of any proceeds of a violation of this chapter, or of any records, or any other material or objects, which were used in furtherance of a violation;

4. In which any offender resides; or

5. Any place of venue under Article 2 (§ 19.2-244 et seq.) of Chapter 15 of Title 19.2.

2004, cc. 883, 996.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 2 (Principals and Accessories)
§ 18.2-18. How principals in second degree and accessories before the fact punished.
In the case of every felony, every principal in the second degree and every accessory before the fact may be indicted, tried, convicted and punished in all respects as if a principal in the first degree; provided, however, that except in the case of a killing for hire under the provisions of subdivision A 2 of § 18.2-31 or a killing pursuant to the direction or order of one who is engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise under the provisions of subdivision A 10 of § 18.2-31 or a killing pursuant to the direction or order of one who is engaged in the commission of or attempted commission of an act of terrorism under the provisions of subdivision A 13 of § 18.2-31, an accessory before the fact or principal in the second degree to an aggravated murder shall be indicted, tried, convicted and punished as though the offense were murder in the first degree.

Code 1950, § 18.1-11; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1977, c. 478; 1997, c. 313; 2002, cc. 588, 623; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 2 (Principals and Accessories)
§ 18.2-19. How accessories after the fact punished; certain exceptions.
Every accessory after the fact is guilty of (i) a Class 6 felony in the case of a homicide offense that is punishable as a Class 1 or Class 2 felony or (ii) a Class 1 misdemeanor in the case of any other felony. However, no person in the relation of spouse, parent or grandparent, child or grandchild, or sibling, by consanguinity or affinity, or servant to the offender, who, after the commission of a felony, aids or assists a principal felon or accessory before the fact to avoid or escape from prosecution or punishment, shall be deemed an accessory after the fact.

Code 1950, §§ 18.1-11, 18.1-12; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2014, c. 668; 2020, c. 900; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 2 (Principals and Accessories)
§ 18.2-20. Reserved.
Reserved.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 2 (Principals and Accessories)
§ 18.2-21. When and where accessories tried; how indicted.
An accessory, either before or after the fact, may, whether the principal felon be convicted or not, or be amenable to justice or not, be indicted, tried, convicted and punished in the county or corporation in which he became accessory, or in which the principal felon might be indicted. Any such accessory before the fact may be indicted either with such principal or separately.

Code 1950, § 18.1-13; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-22. Conspiracy to commit felony.
(a) If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another, either within or outside the Commonwealth, to commit a felony within the Commonwealth, or if he shall so conspire, confederate or combine with another within the Commonwealth to commit a felony either within or outside the Commonwealth, he shall be guilty of a felony that shall be punishable as follows:

(1) Every person who so conspires to commit an offense that is punishable as a Class 1 felony is guilty of a Class 3 felony;

(2) Every person who so conspires to commit an offense that is any other felony is guilty of a Class 5 felony; and

(3) Every person who so conspires to commit an offense the maximum punishment for which is confinement in a state correctional facility for a period of less than five years shall be confined in a state correctional facility for a period of one year, or, in the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, may be confined in jail not exceeding 12 months and fined not exceeding $500, either or both.

(b) However, in no event shall the punishment for a conspiracy to commit an offense exceed the maximum punishment for the commission of the offense itself.

(c) Jurisdiction for the trial of any person accused of a conspiracy under this section shall be in the county or city wherein any part of such conspiracy is planned or in the county or city wherein any act is done toward the consummation of such plan or conspiracy.

(d) The penalty provisions of this section shall not apply to any person who conspires to commit any offense defined in the Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) or of Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) of Chapter 7. The penalty for any such violation shall be as provided in § 18.2-256.

Code 1950, § 18.1-15.3; 1972, c. 484; 1973, c. 399; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1983, c. 19; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-23. Conspiring to trespass or commit larceny.
A. If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to go upon or remain upon the lands, buildings or premises of another, or any part, portion or area thereof, having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden, either orally or in writing, to do so by the owner, lessee, custodian or other person lawfully in charge thereof, or having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden to do so by a sign or signs posted on such lands, buildings, premises or part, portion or area thereof at a place or places where it or they may reasonably be seen, he shall be deemed guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.

B. If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to commit larceny or counsel, assist, aid or abet another in the performance of a larceny, where the aggregate value of the goods or merchandise involved is $1,000 or more, he is guilty of a felony punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than 20 years. The willful concealment of goods or merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment, while still on the premises thereof, shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to convert and defraud the owner thereof out of the value of the goods or merchandise. A violation of this subsection constitutes a separate and distinct felony.

C. Jurisdiction for the trial of any person charged under this section shall be in the county or city wherein any part of such conspiracy is planned, or in the county or city wherein any act is done toward the consummation of such plan or conspiracy.

Code 1950, § 18.1-15.1; 1960, cc. 99, 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2003, c. 831; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-23.1. Completed substantive offense bars conviction for conspiracy.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this article or of § 18.2-256, in any case where a defendant has been tried and convicted of an act he has also conspired to commit, such defendant shall be subject to conviction only for the completed substantive offense and not thereafter be convicted for the underlying conspiracy.

1985, c. 376.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-24. Reserved.
Reserved.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-25. Attempts to commit Class 1 felony offenses; how punished.
If any person attempts to commit an offense that is punishable as a Class 1 felony, he is guilty of a Class 2 felony.

Code 1950, § 18.1-16; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1985, c. 280; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-26. Attempts to commit felonies other than Class 1 felony offenses; how punished.
Except as provided in § 18.2-25, every person who attempts to commit an offense that is a felony shall be punished as follows:

(1) If the felony attempted is punishable by a maximum punishment of life imprisonment or a term of years in excess of twenty years, an attempt thereat shall be punishable as a Class 4 felony.

(2) If the felony attempted is punishable by a maximum punishment of twenty years' imprisonment, an attempt thereat shall be punishable as a Class 5 felony.

(3) If the felony attempted is punishable by a maximum punishment of less than twenty years' imprisonment, an attempt thereat shall be punishable as a Class 6 felony.

Code 1950, §§ 18.1-17, 18.1-18; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1994, c. 639; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-27. Attempts to commit misdemeanors; how punished.
Every person who attempts to commit an offense which is a misdemeanor shall be punishable by the same punishment prescribed for the offense the commission of which was the object of the attempt.

Code 1950, § 18.1-19; 1960, c. 358; 1972, c. 52; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-28. Maximum punishment for attempts.
Any provision in this article notwithstanding, in no event shall the punishment for an attempt to commit an offense exceed the maximum punishment had the offense been committed.

Code 1950, § 18.1-20; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.

Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 3 (INCHOATE OFFENSES)
§ 18.2-29. Criminal solicitation; penalty.
Any person who commands, entreats, or otherwise attempts to persuade another person to commit a felony other than murder, shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony. Any person age eighteen or older who commands, entreats, or otherwise attempts to persuade another person under age eighteen to commit a felony other than murder, shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony. Any person who commands, entreats, or otherwise attempts to persuade another person to commit a murder is guilty of a felony punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for a term not less than five years or more than forty years.

1975, cc. 14, 15; 1994, cc. 364, 440; 2002, cc. 615, 635.
Code of Virginia — Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 4 (Crimes Against the Person)
§ 18.2-30. Murder and manslaughter declared felonies.
Any person who commits aggravated murder, murder of the first degree, murder of the second degree, voluntary manslaughter, or involuntary manslaughter, is guilty of a felony.

1975, cc. 14, 15; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.