Commit message: KEYS: Fix termination condition in assoc array garbage collection

This fixes CVE-2014-3631.

It is possible for an associative array to end up with a shortcut node at the
root of the tree if there are more than fan-out leaves in the tree, but they
all crowd into the same slot in the lowest level (ie. they all have the same
first nibble of their index keys).

When assoc_array_gc() returns back up the tree after scanning some leaves, it
can fall off of the root and crash because it assumes that the back pointer
from a shortcut (after label ascend_old_tree) must point to a normal node -
which isn't true of a shortcut node at the root.

Should we find we're ascending rootwards over a shortcut, we should check to
see if the backpointer is zero - and if it is, we have completed the scan.

This particular bug cannot occur if the root node is not a shortcut - ie. if
you have fewer than 17 keys in a keyring or if you have at least two keys that
sit into separate slots (eg. a keyring and a non keyring).

This can be reproduced by:

	ring=`keyctl newring bar @s`
	for ((i=1; i<=18; i++)); do last_key=`keyctl newring foo$i $ring`; done
	keyctl timeout $last_key 2

Doing this:

	echo 3 >/proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay

first will speed things up.

If we do fall off of the top of the tree, we get the following oops:

BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000018
IP: [<ffffffff8136cea7>] assoc_array_gc+0x2f7/0x540
PGD dae15067 PUD cfc24067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: xt_nat xt_mark nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_conntrack_broadcast ip6t_rpfilter ip6t_REJECT xt_conntrack ebtable_nat ebtable_broute bridge stp llc ebtable_filter ebtables ip6table_ni
CPU: 0 PID: 26011 Comm: kworker/0:1 Not tainted 3.14.9-200.fc20.x86_64 #1
Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
Workqueue: events key_garbage_collector
task: ffff8800918bd580 ti: ffff8800aac14000 task.ti: ffff8800aac14000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8136cea7>] [<ffffffff8136cea7>] assoc_array_gc+0x2f7/0x540
RSP: 0018:ffff8800aac15d40  EFLAGS: 00010206
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffff8800aaecacc0
RDX: ffff8800daecf440 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffff8800aadc2bc0
RBP: ffff8800aac15da8 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000003
R10: ffffffff8136ccc7 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000070 R15: 0000000000000001
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88011fc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000018 CR3: 00000000db10d000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
Stack:
 ffff8800aac15d50 0000000000000011 ffff8800aac15db8 ffffffff812e2a70
 ffff880091a00600 0000000000000000 ffff8800aadc2bc3 00000000cd42c987
 ffff88003702df20 ffff88003702dfa0 0000000053b65c09 ffff8800aac15fd8
Call Trace:
 [<ffffffff812e2a70>] ? keyring_detect_cycle_iterator+0x30/0x30
 [<ffffffff812e3e75>] keyring_gc+0x75/0x80
 [<ffffffff812e1424>] key_garbage_collector+0x154/0x3c0
 [<ffffffff810a67b6>] process_one_work+0x176/0x430
 [<ffffffff810a744b>] worker_thread+0x11b/0x3a0
 [<ffffffff810a7330>] ? rescuer_thread+0x3b0/0x3b0
 [<ffffffff810ae1a8>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
 [<ffffffff810ae0d0>] ? insert_kthread_work+0x40/0x40
 [<ffffffff816ffb7c>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
 [<ffffffff810ae0d0>] ? insert_kthread_work+0x40/0x40
Code: 08 4c 8b 22 0f 84 bf 00 00 00 41 83 c7 01 49 83 e4 fc 41 83 ff 0f 4c 89 65 c0 0f 8f 5a fe ff ff 48 8b 45 c0 4d 63 cf 49 83 c1 02 <4e> 8b 34 c8 4d 85 f6 0f 84 be 00 00 00 41 f6 c6 01 0f 84 92
RIP  [<ffffffff8136cea7>] assoc_array_gc+0x2f7/0x540
 RSP <ffff8800aac15d40>
CR2: 0000000000000018
---[ end trace 1129028a088c0cbd ]---

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
CVE: CVE-2014-3631
CWE: CWE-399
Vulnerability description: The assoc_array_gc function in the associative-array implementation in lib/assoc_array.c in the Linux kernel before 3.16.3 does not properly implement garbage collection, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via multiple "keyctl newring" operations followed by a "keyctl timeout" operation.

Project: linux
File: assoc_array.c

int assoc_array_gc(struct assoc_array *array,
		   const struct assoc_array_ops *ops,
		   bool (*iterator)(void *object, void *iterator_data),
		   void *iterator_data)
{
	struct assoc_array_shortcut *shortcut, *new_s;
	struct assoc_array_node *node, *new_n;
	struct assoc_array_edit *edit;
	struct assoc_array_ptr *cursor, *ptr;
	struct assoc_array_ptr *new_root, *new_parent, **new_ptr_pp;
	unsigned long nr_leaves_on_tree;
	int keylen, slot, nr_free, next_slot, i;

	pr_devel("-->%s()\n", __func__);

	if (!array->root)
		return 0;

	edit = kzalloc(sizeof(struct assoc_array_edit), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!edit)
		return -ENOMEM;
	edit->array = array;
	edit->ops = ops;
	edit->ops_for_excised_subtree = ops;
	edit->set[0].ptr = &array->root;
	edit->excised_subtree = array->root;

	new_root = new_parent = NULL;
	new_ptr_pp = &new_root;
	cursor = array->root;

descend:
	/* If this point is a shortcut, then we need to duplicate it and
	 * advance the target cursor.
	 */
	if (assoc_array_ptr_is_shortcut(cursor)) {
		shortcut = assoc_array_ptr_to_shortcut(cursor);
		keylen = round_up(shortcut->skip_to_level, ASSOC_ARRAY_KEY_CHUNK_SIZE);
		keylen >>= ASSOC_ARRAY_KEY_CHUNK_SHIFT;
		new_s = kmalloc(sizeof(struct assoc_array_shortcut) +
				keylen * sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!new_s)
			goto enomem;
		pr_devel("dup shortcut %p -> %p\n", shortcut, new_s);
		memcpy(new_s, shortcut, (sizeof(struct assoc_array_shortcut) +
					 keylen * sizeof(unsigned long)));
		new_s->back_pointer = new_parent;
		new_s->parent_slot = shortcut->parent_slot;
		*new_ptr_pp = new_parent = assoc_array_shortcut_to_ptr(new_s);
		new_ptr_pp = &new_s->next_node;
		cursor = shortcut->next_node;
	}

	/* Duplicate the node at this position */
	node = assoc_array_ptr_to_node(cursor);
	new_n = kzalloc(sizeof(struct assoc_array_node), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!new_n)
		goto enomem;
	pr_devel("dup node %p -> %p\n", node, new_n);
	new_n->back_pointer = new_parent;
	new_n->parent_slot = node->parent_slot;
	*new_ptr_pp = new_parent = assoc_array_node_to_ptr(new_n);
	new_ptr_pp = NULL;
	slot = 0;

continue_node:
	/* Filter across any leaves and gc any subtrees */
	for (; slot < ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT; slot++) {
		ptr = node->slots[slot];
		if (!ptr)
			continue;

		if (assoc_array_ptr_is_leaf(ptr)) {
			if (iterator(assoc_array_ptr_to_leaf(ptr),
				     iterator_data))
				/* The iterator will have done any reference
				 * counting on the object for us.
				 */
				new_n->slots[slot] = ptr;
			continue;
		}

		new_ptr_pp = &new_n->slots[slot];
		cursor = ptr;
		goto descend;
	}

	pr_devel("-- compress node %p --\n", new_n);

	/* Count up the number of empty slots in this node and work out the
	 * subtree leaf count.
	 */
	new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch = 0;
	nr_free = 0;
	for (slot = 0; slot < ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT; slot++) {
		ptr = new_n->slots[slot];
		if (!ptr)
			nr_free++;
		else if (assoc_array_ptr_is_leaf(ptr))
			new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch++;
	}
	pr_devel("free=%d, leaves=%lu\n", nr_free, new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch);

	/* See what we can fold in */
	next_slot = 0;
	for (slot = 0; slot < ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT; slot++) {
		struct assoc_array_shortcut *s;
		struct assoc_array_node *child;

		ptr = new_n->slots[slot];
		if (!ptr || assoc_array_ptr_is_leaf(ptr))
			continue;

		s = NULL;
		if (assoc_array_ptr_is_shortcut(ptr)) {
			s = assoc_array_ptr_to_shortcut(ptr);
			ptr = s->next_node;
		}

		child = assoc_array_ptr_to_node(ptr);
		new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch += child->nr_leaves_on_branch;

		if (child->nr_leaves_on_branch <= nr_free + 1) {
			/* Fold the child node into this one */
			pr_devel("[%d] fold node %lu/%d [nx %d]\n",
				 slot, child->nr_leaves_on_branch, nr_free + 1,
				 next_slot);

			/* We would already have reaped an intervening shortcut
			 * on the way back up the tree.
			 */
			BUG_ON(s);

			new_n->slots[slot] = NULL;
			nr_free++;
			if (slot < next_slot)
				next_slot = slot;
			for (i = 0; i < ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT; i++) {
				struct assoc_array_ptr *p = child->slots[i];
				if (!p)
					continue;
				BUG_ON(assoc_array_ptr_is_meta(p));
				while (new_n->slots[next_slot])
					next_slot++;
				BUG_ON(next_slot >= ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT);
				new_n->slots[next_slot++] = p;
				nr_free--;
			}
			kfree(child);
		} else {
			pr_devel("[%d] retain node %lu/%d [nx %d]\n",
				 slot, child->nr_leaves_on_branch, nr_free + 1,
				 next_slot);
		}
	}

	pr_devel("after: %lu\n", new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch);

	nr_leaves_on_tree = new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch;

	/* Excise this node if it is singly occupied by a shortcut */
	if (nr_free == ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT - 1) {
		for (slot = 0; slot < ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT; slot++)
			if ((ptr = new_n->slots[slot]))
				break;

		if (assoc_array_ptr_is_meta(ptr) &&
		    assoc_array_ptr_is_shortcut(ptr)) {
			pr_devel("excise node %p with 1 shortcut\n", new_n);
			new_s = assoc_array_ptr_to_shortcut(ptr);
			new_parent = new_n->back_pointer;
			slot = new_n->parent_slot;
			kfree(new_n);
			if (!new_parent) {
				new_s->back_pointer = NULL;
				new_s->parent_slot = 0;
				new_root = ptr;
				goto gc_complete;
			}

			if (assoc_array_ptr_is_shortcut(new_parent)) {
				/* We can discard any preceding shortcut also */
				struct assoc_array_shortcut *s =
					assoc_array_ptr_to_shortcut(new_parent);

				pr_devel("excise preceding shortcut\n");

				new_parent = new_s->back_pointer = s->back_pointer;
				slot = new_s->parent_slot = s->parent_slot;
				kfree(s);
				if (!new_parent) {
					new_s->back_pointer = NULL;
					new_s->parent_slot = 0;
					new_root = ptr;
					goto gc_complete;
				}
			}

			new_s->back_pointer = new_parent;
			new_s->parent_slot = slot;
			new_n = assoc_array_ptr_to_node(new_parent);
			new_n->slots[slot] = ptr;
			goto ascend_old_tree;
		}
	}

	/* Excise any shortcuts we might encounter that point to nodes that
	 * only contain leaves.
	 */
	ptr = new_n->back_pointer;
	if (!ptr)
		goto gc_complete;

	if (assoc_array_ptr_is_shortcut(ptr)) {
		new_s = assoc_array_ptr_to_shortcut(ptr);
		new_parent = new_s->back_pointer;
		slot = new_s->parent_slot;

		if (new_n->nr_leaves_on_branch <= ASSOC_ARRAY_FAN_OUT) {
			struct assoc_array_node *n;

			pr_devel("excise shortcut\n");
			new_n->back_pointer = new_parent;
			new_n->parent_slot = slot;
			kfree(new_s);
			if (!new_parent) {
				new_root = assoc_array_node_to_ptr(new_n);
				goto gc_complete;
			}

			n = assoc_array_ptr_to_node(new_parent);
			n->slots[slot] = assoc_array_node_to_ptr(new_n);
		}
	} else {
		new_parent = ptr;
	}
	new_n = assoc_array_ptr_to_node(new_parent);

ascend_old_tree:
	ptr = node->back_pointer;
	if (assoc_array_ptr_is_shortcut(ptr)) {
 		shortcut = assoc_array_ptr_to_shortcut(ptr);
 		slot = shortcut->parent_slot;
 		cursor = shortcut->back_pointer;
 	} else {
 		slot = node->parent_slot;
 		cursor = ptr;
 	}
	BUG_ON(!ptr);
 	node = assoc_array_ptr_to_node(cursor);
 	slot++;
 	goto continue_node;

gc_complete:
	edit->set[0].to = new_root;
	assoc_array_apply_edit(edit);
	array->nr_leaves_on_tree = nr_leaves_on_tree;
	return 0;

enomem:
	pr_devel("enomem\n");
	assoc_array_destroy_subtree(new_root, edit->ops);
	kfree(edit);
	return -ENOMEM;
}