Commit message: Fix a bug when getting a gzip header extra field with inflate().

If the extra field was larger than the space the user provided with
inflateGetHeader(), and if multiple calls of inflate() delivered
the extra header data, then there could be a buffer overflow of the
provided space. This commit assures that provided space is not
exceeded.
CVE: CVE-2022-37434
CWE: CWE-787
Vulnerability description: zlib through 1.2.12 has a heap-based buffer over-read or buffer overflow in inflate in inflate.c via a large gzip header extra field. NOTE: only applications that call inflateGetHeader are affected. Some common applications bundle the affected zlib source code but may be unable to call inflateGetHeader (e.g., see the nodejs/node reference).

Project: zlib
File: inflate.c

int ZEXPORT inflate(strm, flush)
z_streamp strm;
int flush;
{
    struct inflate_state FAR *state;
    z_const unsigned char FAR *next;    /* next input */
    unsigned char FAR *put;     /* next output */
    unsigned have, left;        /* available input and output */
    unsigned long hold;         /* bit buffer */
    unsigned bits;              /* bits in bit buffer */
    unsigned in, out;           /* save starting available input and output */
    unsigned copy;              /* number of stored or match bytes to copy */
    unsigned char FAR *from;    /* where to copy match bytes from */
    code here;                  /* current decoding table entry */
    code last;                  /* parent table entry */
    unsigned len;               /* length to copy for repeats, bits to drop */
    int ret;                    /* return code */
#ifdef GUNZIP
    unsigned char hbuf[4];      /* buffer for gzip header crc calculation */
#endif
    static const unsigned short order[19] = /* permutation of code lengths */
        {16, 17, 18, 0, 8, 7, 9, 6, 10, 5, 11, 4, 12, 3, 13, 2, 14, 1, 15};

    if (inflateStateCheck(strm) || strm->next_out == Z_NULL ||
        (strm->next_in == Z_NULL && strm->avail_in != 0))
        return Z_STREAM_ERROR;

    state = (struct inflate_state FAR *)strm->state;
    if (state->mode == TYPE) state->mode = TYPEDO;      /* skip check */
    LOAD();
    in = have;
    out = left;
    ret = Z_OK;
    for (;;)
        switch (state->mode) {
        case HEAD:
            if (state->wrap == 0) {
                state->mode = TYPEDO;
                break;
            }
            NEEDBITS(16);
#ifdef GUNZIP
            if ((state->wrap & 2) && hold == 0x8b1f) {  /* gzip header */
                if (state->wbits == 0)
                    state->wbits = 15;
                state->check = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
                CRC2(state->check, hold);
                INITBITS();
                state->mode = FLAGS;
                break;
            }
            if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                state->head->done = -1;
            if (!(state->wrap & 1) ||   /* check if zlib header allowed */
#else
            if (
#endif
                ((BITS(8) << 8) + (hold >> 8)) % 31) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"incorrect header check";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            if (BITS(4) != Z_DEFLATED) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"unknown compression method";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            DROPBITS(4);
            len = BITS(4) + 8;
            if (state->wbits == 0)
                state->wbits = len;
            if (len > 15 || len > state->wbits) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid window size";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            state->dmax = 1U << len;
            state->flags = 0;               /* indicate zlib header */
            Tracev((stderr, "inflate:   zlib header ok\n"));
            strm->adler = state->check = adler32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
            state->mode = hold & 0x200 ? DICTID : TYPE;
            INITBITS();
            break;
#ifdef GUNZIP
        case FLAGS:
            NEEDBITS(16);
            state->flags = (int)(hold);
            if ((state->flags & 0xff) != Z_DEFLATED) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"unknown compression method";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            if (state->flags & 0xe000) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"unknown header flags set";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                state->head->text = (int)((hold >> 8) & 1);
            if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                CRC2(state->check, hold);
            INITBITS();
            state->mode = TIME;
                /* fallthrough */
        case TIME:
            NEEDBITS(32);
            if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                state->head->time = hold;
            if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                CRC4(state->check, hold);
            INITBITS();
            state->mode = OS;
                /* fallthrough */
        case OS:
            NEEDBITS(16);
            if (state->head != Z_NULL) {
                state->head->xflags = (int)(hold & 0xff);
                state->head->os = (int)(hold >> 8);
            }
            if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                CRC2(state->check, hold);
            INITBITS();
            state->mode = EXLEN;
                /* fallthrough */
        case EXLEN:
            if (state->flags & 0x0400) {
                NEEDBITS(16);
                state->length = (unsigned)(hold);
                if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                    state->head->extra_len = (unsigned)hold;
                if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                    CRC2(state->check, hold);
                INITBITS();
            }
            else if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                state->head->extra = Z_NULL;
            state->mode = EXTRA;
                /* fallthrough */
        case EXTRA:
            if (state->flags & 0x0400) {
                copy = state->length;
                if (copy > have) copy = have;
                if (copy) {
                    if (state->head != Z_NULL &&
                        state->head->extra != Z_NULL) {
                        len = state->head->extra_len - state->length;
                        zmemcpy(state->head->extra + len, next,
                                len + copy > state->head->extra_max ?
                                state->head->extra_max - len : copy);
                    }
                    if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                        state->check = crc32(state->check, next, copy);
                    have -= copy;
                    next += copy;
                    state->length -= copy;
                }
                if (state->length) goto inf_leave;
            }
            state->length = 0;
            state->mode = NAME;
                /* fallthrough */
        case NAME:
            if (state->flags & 0x0800) {
                if (have == 0) goto inf_leave;
                copy = 0;
                do {
                    len = (unsigned)(next[copy++]);
                    if (state->head != Z_NULL &&
                            state->head->name != Z_NULL &&
                            state->length < state->head->name_max)
                        state->head->name[state->length++] = (Bytef)len;
                } while (len && copy < have);
                if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                    state->check = crc32(state->check, next, copy);
                have -= copy;
                next += copy;
                if (len) goto inf_leave;
            }
            else if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                state->head->name = Z_NULL;
            state->length = 0;
            state->mode = COMMENT;
                /* fallthrough */
        case COMMENT:
            if (state->flags & 0x1000) {
                if (have == 0) goto inf_leave;
                copy = 0;
                do {
                    len = (unsigned)(next[copy++]);
                    if (state->head != Z_NULL &&
                            state->head->comment != Z_NULL &&
                            state->length < state->head->comm_max)
                        state->head->comment[state->length++] = (Bytef)len;
                } while (len && copy < have);
                if ((state->flags & 0x0200) && (state->wrap & 4))
                    state->check = crc32(state->check, next, copy);
                have -= copy;
                next += copy;
                if (len) goto inf_leave;
            }
            else if (state->head != Z_NULL)
                state->head->comment = Z_NULL;
            state->mode = HCRC;
                /* fallthrough */
        case HCRC:
            if (state->flags & 0x0200) {
                NEEDBITS(16);
                if ((state->wrap & 4) && hold != (state->check & 0xffff)) {
                    strm->msg = (char *)"header crc mismatch";
                    state->mode = BAD;
                    break;
                }
                INITBITS();
            }
            if (state->head != Z_NULL) {
                state->head->hcrc = (int)((state->flags >> 9) & 1);
                state->head->done = 1;
            }
            strm->adler = state->check = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
            state->mode = TYPE;
            break;
#endif
        case DICTID:
            NEEDBITS(32);
            strm->adler = state->check = ZSWAP32(hold);
            INITBITS();
            state->mode = DICT;
                /* fallthrough */
        case DICT:
            if (state->havedict == 0) {
                RESTORE();
                return Z_NEED_DICT;
            }
            strm->adler = state->check = adler32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
            state->mode = TYPE;
                /* fallthrough */
        case TYPE:
            if (flush == Z_BLOCK || flush == Z_TREES) goto inf_leave;
                /* fallthrough */
        case TYPEDO:
            if (state->last) {
                BYTEBITS();
                state->mode = CHECK;
                break;
            }
            NEEDBITS(3);
            state->last = BITS(1);
            DROPBITS(1);
            switch (BITS(2)) {
            case 0:                             /* stored block */
                Tracev((stderr, "inflate:     stored block%s\n",
                        state->last ? " (last)" : ""));
                state->mode = STORED;
                break;
            case 1:                             /* fixed block */
                fixedtables(state);
                Tracev((stderr, "inflate:     fixed codes block%s\n",
                        state->last ? " (last)" : ""));
                state->mode = LEN_;             /* decode codes */
                if (flush == Z_TREES) {
                    DROPBITS(2);
                    goto inf_leave;
                }
                break;
            case 2:                             /* dynamic block */
                Tracev((stderr, "inflate:     dynamic codes block%s\n",
                        state->last ? " (last)" : ""));
                state->mode = TABLE;
                break;
            case 3:
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid block type";
                state->mode = BAD;
            }
            DROPBITS(2);
            break;
        case STORED:
            BYTEBITS();                         /* go to byte boundary */
            NEEDBITS(32);
            if ((hold & 0xffff) != ((hold >> 16) ^ 0xffff)) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid stored block lengths";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            state->length = (unsigned)hold & 0xffff;
            Tracev((stderr, "inflate:       stored length %u\n",
                    state->length));
            INITBITS();
            state->mode = COPY_;
            if (flush == Z_TREES) goto inf_leave;
                /* fallthrough */
        case COPY_:
            state->mode = COPY;
                /* fallthrough */
        case COPY:
            copy = state->length;
            if (copy) {
                if (copy > have) copy = have;
                if (copy > left) copy = left;
                if (copy == 0) goto inf_leave;
                zmemcpy(put, next, copy);
                have -= copy;
                next += copy;
                left -= copy;
                put += copy;
                state->length -= copy;
                break;
            }
            Tracev((stderr, "inflate:       stored end\n"));
            state->mode = TYPE;
            break;
        case TABLE:
            NEEDBITS(14);
            state->nlen = BITS(5) + 257;
            DROPBITS(5);
            state->ndist = BITS(5) + 1;
            DROPBITS(5);
            state->ncode = BITS(4) + 4;
            DROPBITS(4);
#ifndef PKZIP_BUG_WORKAROUND
            if (state->nlen > 286 || state->ndist > 30) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"too many length or distance symbols";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
#endif
            Tracev((stderr, "inflate:       table sizes ok\n"));
            state->have = 0;
            state->mode = LENLENS;
                /* fallthrough */
        case LENLENS:
            while (state->have < state->ncode) {
                NEEDBITS(3);
                state->lens[order[state->have++]] = (unsigned short)BITS(3);
                DROPBITS(3);
            }
            while (state->have < 19)
                state->lens[order[state->have++]] = 0;
            state->next = state->codes;
            state->lencode = (const code FAR *)(state->next);
            state->lenbits = 7;
            ret = inflate_table(CODES, state->lens, 19, &(state->next),
                                &(state->lenbits), state->work);
            if (ret) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid code lengths set";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            Tracev((stderr, "inflate:       code lengths ok\n"));
            state->have = 0;
            state->mode = CODELENS;
                /* fallthrough */
        case CODELENS:
            while (state->have < state->nlen + state->ndist) {
                for (;;) {
                    here = state->lencode[BITS(state->lenbits)];
                    if ((unsigned)(here.bits) <= bits) break;
                    PULLBYTE();
                }
                if (here.val < 16) {
                    DROPBITS(here.bits);
                    state->lens[state->have++] = here.val;
                }
                else {
                    if (here.val == 16) {
                        NEEDBITS(here.bits + 2);
                        DROPBITS(here.bits);
                        if (state->have == 0) {
                            strm->msg = (char *)"invalid bit length repeat";
                            state->mode = BAD;
                            break;
                        }
                        len = state->lens[state->have - 1];
                        copy = 3 + BITS(2);
                        DROPBITS(2);
                    }
                    else if (here.val == 17) {
                        NEEDBITS(here.bits + 3);
                        DROPBITS(here.bits);
                        len = 0;
                        copy = 3 + BITS(3);
                        DROPBITS(3);
                    }
                    else {
                        NEEDBITS(here.bits + 7);
                        DROPBITS(here.bits);
                        len = 0;
                        copy = 11 + BITS(7);
                        DROPBITS(7);
                    }
                    if (state->have + copy > state->nlen + state->ndist) {
                        strm->msg = (char *)"invalid bit length repeat";
                        state->mode = BAD;
                        break;
                    }
                    while (copy--)
                        state->lens[state->have++] = (unsigned short)len;
                }
            }

            /* handle error breaks in while */
            if (state->mode == BAD) break;

            /* check for end-of-block code (better have one) */
            if (state->lens[256] == 0) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid code -- missing end-of-block";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }

            /* build code tables -- note: do not change the lenbits or distbits
               values here (9 and 6) without reading the comments in inftrees.h
               concerning the ENOUGH constants, which depend on those values */
            state->next = state->codes;
            state->lencode = (const code FAR *)(state->next);
            state->lenbits = 9;
            ret = inflate_table(LENS, state->lens, state->nlen, &(state->next),
                                &(state->lenbits), state->work);
            if (ret) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid literal/lengths set";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            state->distcode = (const code FAR *)(state->next);
            state->distbits = 6;
            ret = inflate_table(DISTS, state->lens + state->nlen, state->ndist,
                            &(state->next), &(state->distbits), state->work);
            if (ret) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid distances set";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            Tracev((stderr, "inflate:       codes ok\n"));
            state->mode = LEN_;
            if (flush == Z_TREES) goto inf_leave;
                /* fallthrough */
        case LEN_:
            state->mode = LEN;
                /* fallthrough */
        case LEN:
            if (have >= 6 && left >= 258) {
                RESTORE();
                inflate_fast(strm, out);
                LOAD();
                if (state->mode == TYPE)
                    state->back = -1;
                break;
            }
            state->back = 0;
            for (;;) {
                here = state->lencode[BITS(state->lenbits)];
                if ((unsigned)(here.bits) <= bits) break;
                PULLBYTE();
            }
            if (here.op && (here.op & 0xf0) == 0) {
                last = here;
                for (;;) {
                    here = state->lencode[last.val +
                            (BITS(last.bits + last.op) >> last.bits)];
                    if ((unsigned)(last.bits + here.bits) <= bits) break;
                    PULLBYTE();
                }
                DROPBITS(last.bits);
                state->back += last.bits;
            }
            DROPBITS(here.bits);
            state->back += here.bits;
            state->length = (unsigned)here.val;
            if ((int)(here.op) == 0) {
                Tracevv((stderr, here.val >= 0x20 && here.val < 0x7f ?
                        "inflate:         literal '%c'\n" :
                        "inflate:         literal 0x%02x\n", here.val));
                state->mode = LIT;
                break;
            }
            if (here.op & 32) {
                Tracevv((stderr, "inflate:         end of block\n"));
                state->back = -1;
                state->mode = TYPE;
                break;
            }
            if (here.op & 64) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid literal/length code";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            state->extra = (unsigned)(here.op) & 15;
            state->mode = LENEXT;
                /* fallthrough */
        case LENEXT:
            if (state->extra) {
                NEEDBITS(state->extra);
                state->length += BITS(state->extra);
                DROPBITS(state->extra);
                state->back += state->extra;
            }
            Tracevv((stderr, "inflate:         length %u\n", state->length));
            state->was = state->length;
            state->mode = DIST;
                /* fallthrough */
        case DIST:
            for (;;) {
                here = state->distcode[BITS(state->distbits)];
                if ((unsigned)(here.bits) <= bits) break;
                PULLBYTE();
            }
            if ((here.op & 0xf0) == 0) {
                last = here;
                for (;;) {
                    here = state->distcode[last.val +
                            (BITS(last.bits + last.op) >> last.bits)];
                    if ((unsigned)(last.bits + here.bits) <= bits) break;
                    PULLBYTE();
                }
                DROPBITS(last.bits);
                state->back += last.bits;
            }
            DROPBITS(here.bits);
            state->back += here.bits;
            if (here.op & 64) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid distance code";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
            state->offset = (unsigned)here.val;
            state->extra = (unsigned)(here.op) & 15;
            state->mode = DISTEXT;
                /* fallthrough */
        case DISTEXT:
            if (state->extra) {
                NEEDBITS(state->extra);
                state->offset += BITS(state->extra);
                DROPBITS(state->extra);
                state->back += state->extra;
            }
#ifdef INFLATE_STRICT
            if (state->offset > state->dmax) {
                strm->msg = (char *)"invalid distance too far back";
                state->mode = BAD;
                break;
            }
#endif
            Tracevv((stderr, "inflate:         distance %u\n", state->offset));
            state->mode = MATCH;
                /* fallthrough */
        case MATCH:
            if (left == 0) goto inf_leave;
            copy = out - left;
            if (state->offset > copy) {         /* copy from window */
                copy = state->offset - copy;
                if (copy > state->whave) {
                    if (state->sane) {
                        strm->msg = (char *)"invalid distance too far back";
                        state->mode = BAD;
                        break;
                    }
#ifdef INFLATE_ALLOW_INVALID_DISTANCE_TOOFAR_ARRR
                    Trace((stderr, "inflate.c too far\n"));
                    copy -= state->whave;
                    if (copy > state->length) copy = state->length;
                    if (copy > left) copy = left;
                    left -= copy;
                    state->length -= copy;
                    do {
                        *put++ = 0;
                    } while (--copy);
                    if (state->length == 0) state->mode = LEN;
                    break;
#endif
                }
                if (copy > state->wnext) {
                    copy -= state->wnext;
                    from = state->window + (state->wsize - copy);
                }
                else
                    from = state->window + (state->wnext - copy);
                if (copy > state->length) copy = state->length;
            }
            else {                              /* copy from output */
                from = put - state->offset;
                copy = state->length;
            }
            if (copy > left) copy = left;
            left -= copy;
            state->length -= copy;
            do {
                *put++ = *from++;
            } while (--copy);
            if (state->length == 0) state->mode = LEN;
            break;
        case LIT:
            if (left == 0) goto inf_leave;
            *put++ = (unsigned char)(state->length);
            left--;
            state->mode = LEN;
            break;
        case CHECK:
            if (state->wrap) {
                NEEDBITS(32);
                out -= left;
                strm->total_out += out;
                state->total += out;
                if ((state->wrap & 4) && out)
                    strm->adler = state->check =
                        UPDATE_CHECK(state->check, put - out, out);
                out = left;
                if ((state->wrap & 4) && (
#ifdef GUNZIP
                     state->flags ? hold :
#endif
                     ZSWAP32(hold)) != state->check) {
                    strm->msg = (char *)"incorrect data check";
                    state->mode = BAD;
                    break;
                }
                INITBITS();
                Tracev((stderr, "inflate:   check matches trailer\n"));
            }
#ifdef GUNZIP
            state->mode = LENGTH;
                /* fallthrough */
        case LENGTH:
            if (state->wrap && state->flags) {
                NEEDBITS(32);
                if ((state->wrap & 4) && hold != (state->total & 0xffffffff)) {
                    strm->msg = (char *)"incorrect length check";
                    state->mode = BAD;
                    break;
                }
                INITBITS();
                Tracev((stderr, "inflate:   length matches trailer\n"));
            }
#endif
            state->mode = DONE;
                /* fallthrough */
        case DONE:
            ret = Z_STREAM_END;
            goto inf_leave;
        case BAD:
            ret = Z_DATA_ERROR;
            goto inf_leave;
        case MEM:
            return Z_MEM_ERROR;
        case SYNC:
                /* fallthrough */
        default:
            return Z_STREAM_ERROR;
        }

    /*
       Return from inflate(), updating the total counts and the check value.
       If there was no progress during the inflate() call, return a buffer
       error.  Call updatewindow() to create and/or update the window state.
       Note: a memory error from inflate() is non-recoverable.
     */
  inf_leave:
    RESTORE();
    if (state->wsize || (out != strm->avail_out && state->mode < BAD &&
            (state->mode < CHECK || flush != Z_FINISH)))
        if (updatewindow(strm, strm->next_out, out - strm->avail_out)) {
            state->mode = MEM;
            return Z_MEM_ERROR;
        }
    in -= strm->avail_in;
    out -= strm->avail_out;
    strm->total_in += in;
    strm->total_out += out;
    state->total += out;
    if ((state->wrap & 4) && out)
        strm->adler = state->check =
            UPDATE_CHECK(state->check, strm->next_out - out, out);
    strm->data_type = (int)state->bits + (state->last ? 64 : 0) +
                      (state->mode == TYPE ? 128 : 0) +
                      (state->mode == LEN_ || state->mode == COPY_ ? 256 : 0);
    if (((in == 0 && out == 0) || flush == Z_FINISH) && ret == Z_OK)
        ret = Z_BUF_ERROR;
    return ret;
}