62023CJ0422_SUM
Joined Cases C‑422/23, C‑455/23, C‑459/23, C‑486/23 and C‑493/23 [Daka] (
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T. B. and Others
v
C. B. and Others
(Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Najwyższy)
Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 1 August 2025
(References for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Effective judicial protection in areas covered by EU law – Article 19(1), second subparagraph, TEU – Principles of the irremovability and independence of judges – Unconsented appointment of a judge of a supreme court to sit, for a fixed term, in another chamber of that court – Primacy of EU law – Public procurement – Directive 2004/17/EC – Public procurement procedures – Application to an agreement transferring ownership rights relating to green electricity certificates – Directive 92/13/EEC – Article 2d(1) – Review procedures in public procurement – Contract having no legal effect – Contracting entity seeking the annulment of a contract concluded in breach of public procurement rules – Abuse of rights – None)
Questions referred for a preliminary ruling – Admissibility – Conditions – Request from a national court or tribunal within the meaning of Article 267 TFEU – Presumption of admissibility regardless of the actual composition of that court or tribunal – Limits
(Art. 19(1), second subpara., TEU; Art. 267 TFEU; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Art. 47, second para.)
(see paragraphs 53-58)
Member States – Obligations – Provision of remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection – Scope
(Arts. 2 and 19(1), second subpara., TEU; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Art. 47 and 51(1))
(see paragraphs 63-67, 69)
Member States – Obligations – Provision of remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection – Observance of the principle of judicial independence – Unapproved appointment of judges of a supreme court to sit temporarily in another division of that court – Lack of a judicial remedy to challenge that appointment – Increased workload for those judges – Appointment made by the President of that supreme court under conditions incompatible with Member States’ obligation to ensure effective judicial protection – Admissibility – Conditions
(Art. 19(1), second subpara., TEU; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Art. 47)
(see paragraphs 73-81, 83, 85-100, operative part 1)
Approximation of laws – Procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors – Directive 2004/17 – Field of application – Activity pursued for the purpose of supplying electricity to fixed networks intended to provide a service to the public in the field of electricity production, transport or distribution – Concept – Purchase of green certificates by a public electricity trading company – Included
(European Parliament and Council Directives 2004/17, recitals 2 and 3 and Arts. 2(2)(a), 3(3)(b) and 20(1) and 2009/28, Art. 2, second subpara., (k) and (l))
(see paragraphs 103-105, 107-119, operative 2)
Approximation of laws – Procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors – Directive 2004/17 – Field of application – Framework agreement – Concept – Contract obliging the parties to enter into performance contracts under certain price and quantity conditions – Included – Conditions – Verification by the national court
(European Parliament and Council Directive 2004/17, Arts. 1(4), 14(1) and (4), 17(2) and (3))
(see paragraphs 126-129, 139, operative part 3, first indent)
Approximation of laws – Procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors – Directive 2004/17 – Market value – Contracts concluded under a framework agreement or as part of a series of contracts – Estimated value exceeding the threshold set out in that directive – Contracting authority’s obligation to apply the public procurement rules to each successive contract
(European Parliament and Council Directive 2004/17, Arts. 1(4), 14(2) and (4), 16(a), 17(1), first subpara., (2), (3) and (7), 40(3)(i))
(see paragraphs 130-139, operative part 3, second indent)
Approximation of laws – Public procurement procedures in the water, energy, transport and telecommunications sectors – Directive 92/13 – Action relating to public procurement – Requirement to publish a contract notice in advance – Contract concluded in breach of that rule – – Sanction – Market ineffectiveness
(European Parliament and Council Directive 2007/66, recitals 13 and 14; Council Directive 92/13, Art. 2d(1)(a))
(see paragraphs 143-148, operative part 4)
EU law – Principles – Prohibition of abuse of rights – Scope – Public procurement – Possibility for a contracting authority to request the cancellation of a contract concluded with a supplier – Ground for cancellation based on a breach of public procurement rules in relation to this contract – Genuine ground arising from a decline in the profitability of performing the contract – Admissibility
(see paragraphs 152-159, operative part 5)
See the text of the decision.
(
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)	The name of the present case is a fictitious name. It does not correspond to the real name of any party to the proceedings.