Opinion of the Advocate General — ECLI:EU:C:2009:194
Date: 2009-03-26
Language of the case: Finnish
Based on: Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (1957)
Subject matter: Environment;Pollution
Procedure: Action for failure to fulfil obligations - unfounded
Origin: Finland

summary printed in [2006] ECR I‑122*, paragraph 30 et seq. See also the Opinion of Advocate General Stix-Hackl in Case C‑416/02 Commission v Spain [2005] ECR I‑7487, point 133 et seq. 25 – See judgments cited in footnote 24: Case C‑396/00 Commission v Italy, paragraph 31, Commission v Greece, paragraph 41, and Case C‑293/05 Commission v Italy, paragraph 32. 26 – See Case C‑396/00 Commission v Italy and Case C‑293/05 Commission v Italy, cited in footnote 24. 27 – Commission v Greece (cited in footnote 24, paragraph 37). 28 – See Commission v France (cited in footnote 8, paragraph 77). 29 – Commission v France (cited in footnote 8, paragraphs 19 and 40). 30 – 19 tonnes per year between the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea and 56 tonnes per year between the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper. 31 – See, in that regard, Commission v France (cited in footnote 8, paragraph 19). 32 – Commission v France (cited in footnote 8, paragraph 25; see also paragraphs 40, 52, 67, 77 and 87). 33 – Hamil et al. (cited in footnote 11, p. 18) and Searle et al. (cited in footnote 10, p. 17 et seq.). 34 – Hamil et al. (cited in footnote 11, p. 25) and Searle et al. (cited in footnote 10, p. 24). 35 – Hamil et al. (cited in footnote 11, p. 25) and Searle et al. (cited in footnote 10, p. 24). 36 – See Annex 1 to the rejoinder. 37 – HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, http://www.helcom.fi/BSAP/ActionPlan/en_GB/ActionPlan/, p. 8. 38 – See Commission v France (cited in footnote 8, paragraph 20 et seq.). 39 – Commission v France (cited in footnote 8, paragraph 102). 40 – Doubts are raised by the article, cited by Sweden, by Vahtera et al., ‘Internal Ecosystem Feedbacks Enhance Nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria Blooms and Complicate Management in the Baltic Sea’, Ambio Vol. 36, No. 2–3, p. 186 et seq., http://ambio.allenpress.com/archive/0044-7447/36/2/pdf/i0044-7447-36-2-186.pdf, according to which both nitrogen and phosphorus should be removed.