Judgment — ECLI:EU:C:2004:172
Date: 2004-03-23
Language of the case: English
Court formation: Full Court
Based on: Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (1957)
Subject matter: Anti-discrimination;Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality
Concepts: General;Equal treatment
Procedure: Reference for a preliminary ruling
Origin: United Kingdom

Summary of the Judgment 1. Freedom of movement for persons – Worker – Definition – National of a Member State seeking paid employment in the territory of another Member State having worked there 17 years earlier – Not a ‘worker’ for the purposes of Title II of Part I of Regulation No 1612/68 (Council Regulation No 1612/68) 2. Freedom of movement for persons – Right of entry and residence of nationals of Member States – National of a Member State seeking paid employment in the territory of another Member State having worked there 17 years earlier – Right of residence solely on the basis of Directive 68/360 – Excluded (Council Directive 68/360, Arts 4 and 8) 3. Freedom of movement for persons – Workers – Equal treatment – European citizenship – Jobseeker’s allowance – Residence requirement – Permissibility – Conditions (EC Treaty, Arts 6, 8 and 48(2) (now, after amendment, Arts 12 EC, 17 EC and 39(2) EC)) 1. A national of a Member State who enters the territory of another Member State, in which he worked 17 years earlier, with the intention of seeking paid employment there and applies for a jobseeker’s allowance is not a worker for the purposes of Title II of Part I of Regulation No 1612/68 on freedom of movement for workers within the Community, as amended by Regulation No 2434/92. In that title of Regulation No 1612/68, the term ‘worker’ covers only persons who have already entered the employment market and who therefore may, on the basis of Article 7(2) of the regulation, claim the same social and tax advantages as national workers. In the absence of a sufficiently close connection with the employment market in the host Member State, the position of the abovementioned person must be compared with that of any national of a Member State looking for his first job in another Member State without having yet entered into an employment relationship there, who benefits from the principle of equal treatment only as regards access to employment. Where national legislation makes grant of such an allowance to a person conditional on his being a worker for the purposes of Regulation No 1612/68, it is, however, for the national court or tribunal to establish whether the term ‘worker’ referred to by the legislation is to be understood in the sense of Title II of Part I to the regulation. (see paras 29-33, operative part 1) 2. A national of a Member State who enters the territory of another Member State, in which he worked 17 years earlier, with the intention of seeking paid employment there does not have a right to reside in the host Member State solely on the basis of Directive 68/360 on the abolition of restrictions on movement and residence within the Community for workers of Member States and their families. The right of residence in a Member State referred to in Articles 4 and 8 of Directive 68/360 is accorded only to nationals of a Member State who are already in employment in the first Member State, to the exclusion of persons seeking employment, who can rely solely on the provisions of that directive concerning their movement within the Community. (see paras 43-44, operative part 2) 3. The right to equal treatment laid down in Article 48(2) of the Treaty (now, after amendment, Article 39(2) EC), read in conjunction with Articles 6 and 8 of the Treaty (now, after amendment, Articles 12 EC and 17 EC), does not preclude national legislation which makes entitlement to a jobseeker’s allowance conditional on a residence requirement, in so far as that requirement may be justified on the basis of objective considerations that are independent of the nationality of the persons concerned and proportionate to the legitimate aim of the national provisions. (see para. 73, operative part 3)