Tribunal Supremo. Sala de lo Civil; 2019-07-17; ROJ ATS 8230/2019
Decision by national courts in the field of European Union law — ECLI:ES:TS:2019:8230A
Date: 2019-07-17
Subject matter: Brussels Convention of 27 September 1968;Judicial cooperation in civil matters
Origin: Spain

82019ES0717(52)_ENG_SUMJURE
JURE summary
JURE summary
This case regards a question of admissibility of a cassation appeal brought before the Tribunal Supremo (hereinafter ‘the Supreme Court’).
The Audiencia Provincial de Valencia (hereinafter ‘the Court of First Instance’) issued an order which was later appealed by a plaintiff (the appeal was lodged with the same court). The Court of First Instance, acting as Court of Appeal, rejected the appeal as inadmissible since the appeal was lodged against an order which cannot be appealed.
Subsequently, the Attorney General filed, in the name and on behalf of the plaintiff, a cassation appeal with the Supreme Court on the grounds that the dismissed appeal should have been admitted.
The Supreme Court recalled that a cassation appeal may be filed only in special cases strictly enumerated by national law. According to the LEC (1), there are certain judicial decisions which are excluded from the cassation appeal completely, and this enumeration also includes the order as is under this cassation appeal. With regards to these decisions, the only exception of their admissibility for a cassation appeal would be a cassation appeal on a matter of law related to proceedings for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments pursuant to the Brussels Convention (2), the Lugano Convention (3), the Brussels I Regulation (4) or any other legal instrument of a similar nature.
The contested order issued by the Court of First Instance, by which it dismissed an appeal against its own previous order, does not fall under this exception, so the decision of the lower court must be upheld. The Supreme Court further recalled that neither constitutional rights (e.g. the right to justice) were affected by not admitting the appeal, since there is no constitutionally protected right to lodge an appeal on the grounds of a procedural violation. Conversely, the appeal must always fulfil the admissibility requirements laid down by legislation and it is on the consideration of the Supreme Court whether the requirements were fulfilled or not. The constitutional right to justice is satisfied even with a ruling on the inadmissibility of an appeal.
Therefore, the Supreme Court dismissed the cassation appeal as substantially unfounded.
(1) Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil (LEC) (Code of Civil Procedure).
(2) Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.
(3) Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters - Done at Lugano on 16 September 1988.
(4) Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.