Opinion of the Advocate General — ECLI:EU:C:2017:322
Date: 2017-04-27
Language of the case: German
Subject matter: Competition;Concentrations between undertakings
Procedure: Reference for a preliminary ruling
Origin: Austria

Summary — Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber), 7 September 2017 Concentrations between undertakings — Definition — Transformation of an undertaking subject to sole control into a joint venture — Included — Conditions — Joint venture performing on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity (Council Regulation No 139/2004, Art. 3) As regards the objectives pursued by Regulation No 139/2004, it appears from recitals 5, 6 and 8 thereof that the regulation seeks to ensure that the process of reorganisation of undertakings does not result in lasting damage to competition. Therefore, as is apparent from recital 20 of the regulation, the concept of concentration must be defined in such a manner as to cover operations bringing about a lasting change in the control of the undertakings concerned and therefore in the structure of the market. Thus, as regards joint ventures, these must be included within the ambit of the regulation if they perform on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity. In that regard, as the Advocate General stated in point 28 of her Opinion, Regulation No 139/2004 does not draw any distinction in its recitals between a newly created undertaking resulting from such a transaction and an existing undertaking hitherto subject to sole control by a group which passes to the joint control of several undertakings. That lack of a distinction is entirely justified due to the fact that, although the creation of a joint venture must be assessed by the Commission as regards its effects on the structure of the market, the realisation of such effects depends on the actual emergence of a joint venture into the market, that is to say, of an undertaking performing on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity. Article 3 of the regulation therefore concerns joint ventures only in so far as their creation provokes a lasting effect on the structure of the market. Having regard to all of the foregoing considerations, the answer to the question referred is that Article 3 of Regulation No 139/2004 must be interpreted as meaning that a concentration is deemed to arise upon a change in the form of control of an existing undertaking which, previously exclusive, becomes joint, only if the joint venture created by such a transaction performs on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity. (see paras 21-25, 35)