Consumer complaint received 2024-10-14
Product: Credit reporting or other personal consumer reports — Credit reporting
Issue: Improper use of your report — Credit inquiries on your report that you don't recognize
Company: EQUIFAX, INC. (VA)

XXXX XXXX and Equifax Information Services LLC are inaccurately reporting experiences and transactions on the consumers report without permissible purpose. 15 U.S. Code 1681b. The companies listed in this complaint did not provide the consumer with statutorily required disclosures before sharing the consumers personally identifiable financial information with non affiliated third parties. 15 U.S. Code 6801. Nor was the consumer given the opportunity to exercise the nondisclosure options before his nonpublic personal information was shared and constitutes aggravated identity theft as defined by 18 U.S. Code 1028A. 15 U.S. Code 6802. 15 U.S. Code 1681e - Compliance procedures ( b ) Accuracy of report Whenever a consumer reporting agency prepares a consumer report it shall follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information concerning the individual about whom the report relates. 15 U.S. Code 1681a ( 2 ) ( i ) - Definitions ; rules of construction ( 2 ) Exclusions. Except as provided in paragraph ( 3 ), the term consumer report does not include ( i ) report containing information solely as to transactions and experiences between the consumer and the person making the report. 15 U.S. Code 1681b - Permissible purposes of consumer reports ( a ) In general Subject to subsection ( c ), any consumer reporting agency may furnish aconsumer report under the following circumstances and no other : ( 1 ) In response to the order of a court having jurisdiction to issue such an order, a subpoena issued in connection with proceedings before a Federal grand jury, or a subpoena issued in accordance with section 5318 of title 31 or section 3486 of title 18. ( 2 ) In accordance with the written instructions of the consumer to whom it relates. ( 3 ) To a person which it has reason to believe ( A ) intends to use the information in connection with a credit transaction involving the consumer on whom the information is to be furnished and involving the extension of credit to, or review or collection of an account of, the consumer ; or ( B ) intends to use the information for employment purposes ; or ( C ) intends to use the information in connection with the underwriting of insurance involving the consumer ; or ( D ) intends to use the information in connection with a determination of the consumers eligibility for a license or other benefit granted by a governmental instrumentality required by law to consider an applicants financial responsibility or status ; or ( E ) intends to use the information, as a potential investor or servicer, or current insurer, in connection with a valuation of, or an assessment of the credit or prepayment risks associated with, an existing credit obligation ; or ( F ) otherwise has a legitimate business need for the information ( i ) in connection with a business transaction that is initiated by the consumer ; or ( ii ) to review an account to determine whether the consumer continues to meet the terms of the account. ( G ) executive departments and agencies in connection with the issuance of government-sponsored individually-billed travel charge cards. ( 4 ) In response to a request by the head of a State or local child support enforcement agency ( or a State or local government official authorized by the head of such an agency ), if the person making the request certifies to theconsumer reporting agency that ( A ) the consumer report is needed for the purpose of establishing an individuals capacity to make child support payments, determining the appropriate level of such payments, or enforcing a child support order, award, agreement, or judgment ; ( B ) the parentage of the consumer for the child to which the obligation relates has been established or acknowledged by the consumer in accordance withState laws under which the obligation arises ( if required by those laws ) ; and ( C ) the consumer report will be kept confidential, will be used solely for a purpose described in subparagraph ( A ), and will not be used in connection with any other civil, administrative, or criminal proceeding, or for any other purpose. ( 5 ) To an agency administering a State plan under section 654 of title 42 for use to set an initial or modified child support award. ( 6 ) To the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Administration as part of its preparation for its appointment or as part of its exercise of powers, as conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent for an insured depository institution or insured credit union under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1811 et seq. ] or the Federal Credit Union Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq. ], or other applicable Federal or State law, or in connection with the resolution or liquidation of a failed or failing insured depository institution or insured credit union, as applicable. ( b ) Conditions for furnishing and using consumer reports for employment purposes ( 1 ) Certification from user A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report for employment purposes only if ( A ) the person who obtains such report from the agency certifies to the agency that ( i ) the person has complied with paragraph ( 2 ) with respect to the consumer report, and the person will comply with paragraph ( 3 ) with respect to the consumer report if paragraph ( 3 ) becomes applicable ; and ( ii ) information from the consumer report will not be used in violation of any applicable Federal or State equal employment opportunity law or regulation ; and ( B ) the consumer reporting agency provides with the report, or has previously provided, a summary of the consumers rights under this subchapter, as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g ( c ) ( 3 ) [ 1 ] of this title. ( 2 ) Disclosure to consumer ( A ) In general Except as provided in subparagraph ( B ), a person may not procure a consumer report, or cause a consumer report to be procured, for employment purposes with respect to any consumer, unless ( i ) a clear and conspicuous disclosure has been made in writing to the consumer at any time before the report is procured or caused to be procured, in a document that consists solely of the disclosure, that a consumer report may be obtained for employment purposes; and ( ii ) the consumer has authorized in writing ( which authorization may be made on the document referred to in clause ( i ) ) the procurement of the report by that person. ( B ) Application by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means If a consumer described in subparagraph ( C ) applies for employment by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means, at any time before a consumer report is procured or caused to be procured in connection with that application ( i ) the person who procures the consumer report on the consumer for employment purposes shall provide to the consumer, by oral, written, or electronic means, notice that a consumer report may be obtained for employment purposes, and a summary of the consumers rights under section 1681m ( a ) ( 3 ) 1 of this title; and ( ii ) the consumer shall have consented, orally, in writing, or electronically to the procurement of the report by that person. ( C ) Scope Subparagraph ( B ) shall apply to a person procuring a consumer report on a consumer in connection with the consumers application for employment only if ( i ) the consumer is applying for a position over which the Secretary of Transportation has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions of section 31502 of title 49, or a position subject to safety regulation by a State transportation agency ; and ( ii ) as of the time at which the person procures the report or causes the report to be procured the only interaction between the consumer and theperson in connection with that employment application has been by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means. ( 3 ) Conditions on use for adverse actions ( A ) In general Except as provided in subparagraph ( B ), in using a consumer report for employment purposes, before taking any adverse action based in whole or in part on the report, the person intending to take such adverse action shall provide to the consumer to whom the report relates ( i ) a copy of the report; and ( ii ) a description in writing of the rights of the consumer under this subchapter, as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g ( c ) ( 3 ) 1 of this title. ( B ) Application by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means ( i ) If a consumer described in subparagraph ( C ) applies for employment by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means, and if a person who has procured a consumer report on the consumer for employment purposestakes adverse action on the employment application based in whole or in part on the report, then the person must provide to the consumer to whom the report relates, in lieu of the notices required under subparagraph ( A ) of this section and under section 1681m ( a ) of this title, within 3 business days of taking such action, an oral, written or electronic notification ( I ) that adverse action has been taken based in whole or in part on a consumer report received from a consumer reporting agency ; ( II ) of the name, address and telephone number of the consumer reporting agency that furnished the consumer report ( including a toll-free telephone number established by the agency if the agency compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis ) ; ( III ) that the consumer reporting agency did not make the decision to take the adverse action and is unable to provide to the consumer the specific reasons why the adverse action was taken ; and ( IV ) that the consumer may, upon providing proper identification, request a free copy of a report and may dispute with the consumer reporting agency the accuracy or completeness of any information in a report. ( ii ) If, under clause ( B ) ( i ) ( IV ), the consumer requests a copy of a consumer report from the person who procured the report, then, within 3 business days of receiving the consumers request, together with proper identification, the person must send or provide to the consumer a copy of a report and a copy of the consumers rights as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g ( c ) ( 3 ) 1 of this title. ( C ) Scope Subparagraph ( B ) shall apply to a person procuring a consumer report on a consumer in connection with the consumers application for employment only if ( i ) the consumer is applying for a position over which the Secretary of Transportation has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions of section 31502 of title 49, or a position subject to safety regulation by a State transportation agency ; and ( ii ) as of the time at which the person procures the report or causes the report to be procured the only interaction between the consumer and theperson in connection with that employment application has been by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means. ( 4 ) Exception for national security investigations ( A ) In general In the case of an agency or department of the United States Government which seeks to obtain and use a consumer report for employment purposes, paragraph ( 3 ) shall not apply to any adverse action by such agency or department which is based in part on such consumer report, if the head of such agency or department makes a written finding that ( i ) the consumer report is relevant to a national security investigation of such agency or department ; ( ii ) the investigation is within the jurisdiction of such agency or department ; ( iii ) there is reason to believe that compliance with paragraph ( 3 ) will ( I ) endanger the life or physical safety of any person ; ( II ) result in flight from prosecution ; ( III ) result in the destruction of, or tampering with, evidence relevant to the investigation ; ( IV ) result in the intimidation of a potential witness relevant to the investigation ; ( V ) result in the compromise of classified information ; or ( VI ) otherwise seriously jeopardize or unduly delay the investigation or another official proceeding. ( B ) Notification of consumer upon conclusion of investigation Upon the conclusion of a national security investigation described in subparagraph ( A ), or upon the determination that the exception under subparagraph ( A ) is no longer required for the reasons set forth in such subparagraph, the official exercising the authority in such subparagraph shall provide to the consumer who is the subject of the consumer report with regard to which such finding was made ( i ) a copy of such consumer report with any classified information redacted as necessary ; ( ii ) notice of any adverse action which is based, in part, on the consumer report ; and ( iii ) the identification with reasonable specificity of the nature of the investigation for which the consumer report was sought. ( C ) Delegation by head of agency or department For purposes of subparagraphs ( A ) and ( B ), the head of any agency or department of the United States Government may delegate his or her authorities under this paragraph to an official of such agency or department who has personnel security responsibilities and is a member of the Senior Executive Service or equivalent civilian or military rank. ( D ) Definitions For purposes of this paragraph, the following definitions shall apply : ( i ) Classified information The term classified information means information that is protected from unauthorized disclosure under Executive Order No. XXXX or successor orders. ( ii ) National security investigation The term national security investigation means any official inquiry by an agency or department of the United States Government to determine the eligibility of a consumer to receive access or continued access to classified information or to determine whether classified information has been lost or compromised. ( c ) Furnishing reports in connection with credit or insurance transactions that are not initiated by consumer ( 1 ) In general A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report relating to anyconsumer pursuant to subparagraph ( A ) or ( C ) of subsection ( a ) ( 3 ) in connection with any credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by theconsumer only if ( A ) the consumer authorizes the agency to provide such report to such person ; or ( B ) ( i ) the transaction consists of a firm offer of credit or insurance ; ( ii ) the consumer reporting agency has complied with subsection ( e ) ; ( iii ) there is not in effect an election by the consumer, made in accordance with subsection ( e ), to have the consumers name and address excluded from lists of names provided by the agency pursuant to this paragraph ; and ( iv ) the consumer report does not contain a date of birth that shows that the consumer has not attained the age of XXXX, or, if the date of birth on the consumer report shows that the consumer has not attained the age of XXXX, such consumer consents to the consumer reporting agency to such furnishing. ( 2 ) Limits on information received under paragraph ( 1 ) ( B ) A person may receive pursuant to paragraph ( 1 ) ( B ) only ( A ) the name and address of a consumer ; ( B ) an identifier that is not unique to the consumer and that is used by theperson solely for the purpose of verifying the identity of the consumer ; and ( C ) other information pertaining to a consumer that does not identify the relationship or experience of the consumer with respect to a particular creditor or other entity. ( 3 ) Information regarding inquiries Except as provided in section 1681g ( a ) ( 5 ) of this title, a consumer reporting agency shall not furnish to any person a record of inquiries in connection with a credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by a consumer. ( d ) Reserved ( e ) Election of consumer to be excluded from lists ( 1 ) In general A consumer may elect to have the consumers name and address excluded from any list provided by a consumer reporting agency under subsection ( c ) ( 1 ) ( B ) in connection with a credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by theconsumer, by notifying the agency in accordance with paragraph ( 2 ) that theconsumer does not consent to any use of a consumer report relating to theconsumer in connection with any credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer. ( 2 ) Manner of notification A consumer shall notify a consumer reporting agency under paragraph ( 1 ) ( A ) through the notification system maintained by the agency under paragraph ( 5 ) ; or ( B ) by submitting to the agency a signed notice of election form issued by the agency for purposes of this subparagraph. ( 3 ) Response of agency after notification through system Upon receipt of notification of the election of a consumer under paragraph ( 1 ) through the notification system maintained by the agency under paragraph ( 5 ), a consumer reporting agency shall ( A ) inform the consumer that the election is effective only for the 5-year period following the election if the consumer does not submit to the agency a signed notice of election form issued by the agency for purposes of paragraph ( 2 ) ( B ) ; and ( B ) provide to the consumer a notice of election form, if requested by the consumer, not later than 5 business days after receipt of the notification of the election through the system established under paragraph ( 5 ), in the case of a request made at the time the consumer provides notification through the system. ( 4 ) Effectiveness of election An election of a consumer under paragraph ( 1 ) ( A ) shall be effective with respect to a consumer reporting agency beginning 5 business days after the date on which the consumer notifies the agency in accordance with paragraph ( 2 ) ; ( B ) shall be effective with respect to a consumer reporting agency ( i ) subject to subparagraph ( C ), during the 5-year period beginning 5 business days after the date on which the consumer notifies the agency of the election, in the case of an election for which a consumer notifies the agency only in accordance with paragraph ( 2 ) ( A ) ; or ( ii ) until the consumer notifies the agency under subparagraph ( C ), in the case of an election for which a consumer notifies the agency in accordance with paragraph ( 2 ) ( B ) ; ( C ) shall not be effective after the date on which the consumer notifies the agency, through the notification system established by the agency under paragraph ( 5 ), that the election is no longer effective ; and ( D ) shall be effective with respect to each affiliate of the agency. ( 5 ) Notification system ( A ) In general Each consumer reporting agency that, under subsection ( c ) ( 1 ) ( B ), furnishes a consumer report in connection with a credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by a consumer, shall ( i ) establish and maintain a notification system, including a toll-free telephone number, which permits any consumer whose consumer report is maintained by the agency to notify the agency, with appropriate identification, of the consumers election to have the consumers name and address excluded from any such list of names and addresses provided by the agency for such a transaction ; and ( ii ) publish by not later than 365 days after XX/XX/XXXX, and not less than annually thereafter, in a publication of general circulation in the area served by the agency ( I ) a notification that information in consumer files maintained by the agency may be used in connection with such transactions ; and ( II ) the address and toll-free telephone number for consumers to use to notify the agency of the consumers election under clause ( i ). ( B ) Establishment and maintenance as compliance Establishment and maintenance of a notification system ( including a toll-free telephone number ) and publication by a consumer reporting agency on the agencys own behalf and on behalf of any of its affiliates in accordance with this paragraph is deemed to be compliance with this paragraph by each of those affiliates. ( 6 ) Notification system by agencies that operate nationwide Each consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis shall establish and maintain a notification system for purposes of paragraph ( 5 ) jointly with other such consumer reporting agencies. ( f ) Certain use or obtaining of information prohibited A person shall not use or obtain a consumer report for any purpose unless ( 1 ) the consumer report is obtained for a purpose for which the consumer reportis authorized to be furnished under this section; and ( 2 ) the purpose is certified in accordance with section 1681e of this title by a prospective user of the report through a general or specific certification. ( g ) Protection of medical information ( 1 ) Limitation on consumer reporting agencies A consumer reporting agency shall not furnish for employment purposes, or in connection with a credit or insurance transaction, a consumer report that contains medical information ( other than medical contact information treated in the manner required under section 1681c ( a ) ( 6 ) of this title ) about aconsumer, unless ( A ) if furnished in connection with an insurance transaction, the consumeraffirmatively consents to the furnishing of the report ; ( B ) if furnished for employment purposes or in connection with a credit transaction ( i ) the information to be furnished is relevant to process or effect the employment or credit transaction ; and ( ii ) the consumer provides specific written consent for the furnishing of the report that describes in clear and conspicuous language the use for which the information will be furnished ; or ( C ) the information to be furnished pertains solely to transactions, accounts, or balances relating to debts arising from the receipt of medical services, products, or devises, where such information, other than account status or amounts, is restricted or reported using codes that do not identify, or do not provide information sufficient to infer, the specific provider or the nature of such services, products, or devices, as provided in section 1681c ( a ) ( 6 ) of this title. ( 2 ) Limitation on creditors Except as permitted pursuant to paragraph ( 3 ) ( C ) or regulations prescribed under paragraph ( 5 ) ( A ), a creditor shall not obtain or use medical information ( other than medical information treated in the manner required under section 1681c ( a ) ( 6 ) of this title ) pertaining to a consumer in connection with any determination of theconsumers eligibility, or continued eligibility, for credit. ( 3 ) Actions authorized by Federal law, insurance activities and regulatory determinations Section 1681a ( d ) ( 3 ) of this title shall not be construed so as to treat information or any communication of information as a consumer report if the information or communication is disclosed ( A ) in connection with the business of insurance or annuities, including the activities described in section 18B of the model Privacy of Consumer Financial and Health Information Regulation issued by the XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ( as in effect on XX/XX/XXXX ) ; ( B ) for any purpose permitted without authorization under the Standards for Individually Identifiable Health Information promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or referred to under section 1179 of such Act,1 or described in section 6802 ( e ) of this title ; or ( C ) as otherwise determined to be necessary and appropriate, by regulation or order, by the Bureau or the applicable State insurance authority ( with respect to any person engaged in providing insurance or annuities ). ( 4 ) Limitation on redisclosure of medical information Any person that receives medical information pursuant to paragraph ( 1 ) or ( 3 ) shall not disclose such information to any other person, except as necessary to carry out the purpose for which the information was initially disclosed, or as otherwise permitted by statute, regulation, or order. ( 5 ) Regulations and effective date for paragraph ( 2 ) ( A ) [ 2 ] Regulations required The Bureau may, after notice and opportunity for comment, prescribe regulations that permit transactions under paragraph ( 2 ) that are determined to be necessary and appropriate to protect legitimate operational, transactional, risk, consumer, and other needs ( and which shall include permitting actions necessary for administrative verification purposes ), consistent with the intent of paragraph ( 2 ) to restrict the use of medical information for inappropriate purposes. ( 6 ) Coordination with other laws No provision of this subsection shall be construed as altering, affecting, or superseding the applicability of any other provision of Federal law relating to medical confidentiality. 15 U.S. Code 6801 - Protection of nonpublic personal information Privacy obligation policy It is the policy of the Congress that each financial institution has an affirmative and continuing obligation to respect the privacy of its customers and to protect the security and confidentiality of those customers nonpublic personal information. Financial institutions safeguards In furtherance of the policy in subsection ( a ), each agency or authority described in section 6805 ( a ) of this title, other than the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, shall establish appropriate standards for the financial institutions subject to their jurisdiction relating to administrative, technical, and physical safeguards ( 1 ) to insure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information ; ( 2 ) to protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such records ; and ( 3 ) to protect against unauthorized access to or use of such records or information which could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. 15 U.S. Code 6802 - Obligations with respect to disclosures of personal information Notice Requirements Opt Out In General A financial institution may not disclose nonpublic personal information to a nonaffiliated third party unless such financial institution clearly and conspicuously discloses to the consumer, in writing or in electronic form or other form permitted by the regulations prescribed under section 6804 of this title, that such information may be disclosed to such third party ; the consumer is given the opportunity, before the time that such information is initially disclosed, to direct that such information not be disclosed to such third party ; and the consumer is given an explanation of how the consumer can exercise that nondisclosure option. 18 U.S. Code 1028A ( a ) ( c ) ( 4 ) - Aggravated identity theft Offenses. In general. Whoever, during and in relation to any felony violation enumerated in subsection ( c ), knowingly transfers, possesses, or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person shall, in addition to the punishment provided for such felony, be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 2 years ( c ) Definition.For purposes of this section, the term felony violation enumerated in subsection ( c ) means any offense that is a felony violation of ( 4 ) any provision contained in this chapter ( relating to fraud and false statements ), other than this section or section 1028 ( a ) ( 7 ) ; 18 U.S. Code 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law Whoever, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, willfully subjects any person in any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or to different punishments, pains, or penalties, on account of such person being an alien, or by reason of his color, or race, than are prescribed for the punishment of citizens, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both ; and if bodily injury results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use, or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both ; and if death results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include XXXX or an attempt to XXXX, aggravated XXXX abuse, or an attempt to commit aggravated XXXX abuse, or an attempt to XXXX, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both, or may be sentenced to death. XXXX XXXX and Equifax Information Services LLC have a legal obligation to comply with the provisions of 15 U.S. Code 1681b, but failed by sharing the consumers report with the companies listed in this complaint without meeting the required elements of the rule. The consumer never received the statutorily required 15 U.S. Code 6801 & 6802 disclosures before his personally identifiable personal information was disclosed. The consumer was deprived of his right to exercise the nondisclosure options. Agencies ' definition of personally identifiable financial information '' in promulgating regulations under GrammLeachBliley Act was not arbitrary and capricious, where regulations focused on protecting information that consumers were required to provide in order to obtain financial services, rather than information that was volunteered for other purposes, such as sweepstakes. 5 U.S.C.A. 706 ( 2 ) ( A ) ; GrammLeachBliley Act, 509 ( 4 ) ( A ), 15 U.S.C.A. 6809 ( 4 ) ( A ) ; 16 C.F.R. 313.3 ( o ) ( 1 ). XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX., XXXX, XXXX XXXX XXXX, XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX rehearing denied. Finance, Banking, And Credit XXXX XXXX XXXX and Equifax Information Services LLCs failure to assure maximum possible accuracy when preparing the consumer report is having a direct negative impact on the consumers mode of living and ability to obtain extensions of credit for personal and household essential goods. 15 U.S. Code 1681e - Compliance procedures The inquiries listed in this complaint must be removed to avoid civil and criminal liability.