davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
InquirOn

The Senate also had what may
turn out TO be q headline-making
investigative hearing going full
tilt last week. This one concerned
the awarding Of q contract by
the Defense Department to Gen.
eral Dynamics for development Of
the Tx fighter bomber for the
Navy and Air Force.
Military study panels have rec
commended that the Boeing Co.
be given the contract. but were
over-ruled by Defense Secretary
Mcnamara and his civilian Sec
retariat. The contract. for $28
million In a program which Is
expected 10 cost several billions.
was then given to General Dy-
namics.
The release OF censored testi-
mony on Friday disclosed that
the Investigations Subcommittee,
headed by Senator Mcclellan,
wants 10 know why Air Force
Secretary zuckert had used fig
ures In his justification other
than the ones used by the mill
tary evaluation boards which
recommended for Boeing. The
secretary Is due 10 testify soon
and Senator Mcclellan presuma-
bly, will get his answer.
on Thursday. President Ken
nedy, who has been perSistently
needed by liberal Republican
Senators on the lack OF civil
rights legislation. sent a program
in this field 10 Congress for ac-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

A day of rest is very deeply.
seated in all societies. Generally,
as In our culture, it has an origin
which is at least partially religious.
But 1t has a wider basis than
than. And 1t is a thing, good in
itself, which loses much of its
good unless 1t is observed by all
on the same basis. If a major
ity Of the people want to observe
Sunday as a day on which ordi-
nary work is not performed, even
though there may be some reli-
gious motivation in picking that
day, I find it hard to see that
there is anything wrong or OPP
presSive in making that law APP
plicable to all members of the
community-as long as the per.
sons who do not care to observe
Sunday themselves are not COM
PEELED to do anything. g.
Cannot much the same thing
be said for Thanksgiving and
Christmas, and Christmas carols
In the school, and simple
thoughtfully chosen Bible read
ings, and Christmas decorations
in public places, and all the many
other things which are q happy
part Of the culture and tradition
OF a large portion of our society2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Newspaper Strike

On one Of labor's battle lines,
meanwhile. there was q break IN
the New York publishers united
front against Local Of the In.
ternational typographical Union.
Mrs. Dorothy Schiff, owner Of the
New York Post. announced ON
Thursday that she was resignine
from the Publishers Association
and that the Post would resume
publication tomorrow. K
The printers did not strike at
the Post. but when they walked
out on four newspapers, Mrs.
Schiff and the publishers Of four
others voluntarily suspended
publication.
Bertram Powers. the head Of the
printers local. hailed the step by
Mrs. Schiff and suggested that
the other afternoon papers which
had not been struck might now
also resume publication. The Pub
fishers Association, however, is
sued a new unity statement ana
the deadlock went into. It's s0th.
day. \,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Spiritual Experience

Is this not a useful and valuable
and educational and. indeed, a
spiritual experience for the chill
dren Of what I have called the
majority group? They experience
the values of their own culture;
but they also see that there are
others who do not accept those
values. and that they are wholly
tolerated in their non-acceptance.
Learning tolerance for other per-
sons, no matter how different,
and respect for their beliefs, may
be an important part Of American
education, and wholly consistent
with the First Amendment. No
one would think otherwise were
it not for parents who take an
absolutist approach to the prob
lem, perhaps encouraged by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

balance and exacerbate the out
flow Of gold problem.
But when Labor Secretary w.
Willard Writ went to Miami
Beach to confer with the ALL
CLIO executive council late last
month, he said that, while the
administration would not support
a plan TO make the 35-hour week
statutory, 1t would not oppose any
agreement on it which was me
gotiated" between management
and labor.
This. apparently. was news to
the President. At q subsequent
news conference. he made it plain
that he was against the 35-hour
week, period. Presumably. the adj
ministration now thinks as one
on this matter.
ALL President George Meany
is the principal advocate Of
shorter hours, primarily. he says,
as a weapon against unemploy-
ment. With the shorter hours,
management will have TO hire
more workers, he reasons. Mr..
Meany wants the same pay for
IS as for 40 hours. however.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

peared at the stand simultane-
ously to testify in support Of the
measure.
BY the end Of the week, Chair
man Clark predicted prompt pas
sage when the matter comes TO a
vote on March II in the SUBJ
committee. He also predicted Sen
ate passage, perhaps before the
Easter recess next month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

Continued From Page B-1
not permit the export Of subver-
sion from Cuba TO other parts
Of the Western Hemisphere. There
was considerable interest. there
fore. In the McCone report. which
was made 10 q House Foreign
Affairs Subcommittee on Feb
ruary 10. .-
The CHA chief testified that be-
tween 1000 and l 500 persons from
every Latin American country
with the possible exception Of
Uruguay" went to Cuba last year
to receive training In sabotage
and guerrilla warfare. Additional
trainees have gone to Cuba this
year under q continuing program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

the Government for a redress Of
grievances"
Justice Black lays great stress
on the words mo law" In the
opening phrase which says: "Con-
gress shall make no law :" Just
to make It clear that he would
not be misunderstood. he went on
to say that laws about libel and
SANDER are invalid. And he add
ed: II have an idea there are
some absolutes. I do not think
I am far in that respect from
the Holy Scriptures"
The New York Case
Within the last year, case
came before the Supreme Court
which directly involved the in
depreciation and application of
the First Amendment. This was
the New York school prayer case.
Its name Is Engel v. WHALE. It
involved a prayer formulated by
the State board of regents in
New York, and recommended by
them for use In, the schools of
that State. The prayer, In its en-
tirety. was as follows:
Almighty God, De acknotDl-
edge our dependence upon Thee,
and iDe beg Thy blessings upon
Us, our parents. our teachers
and our country"
The court, In an opinion by
Mr.. Justice Black, held that the
reciting Of this prayer In the.
public schools Of New York vio-
lated the Constitution. Il was, the
court held. an establishment Of
religion" forbidden by the First
Amendment. Five Of his colleagues
Joined with him. Mr.. Justice
Stewart dissented. Justice Doug
las wrote q concurring opinion
which, though differing some in
his reasoning. showed the abso-
lutist approach. He recounted all
OF the ways In which govern
mental bodies now finance some
activity with religious element
or overtone: "Chaplains In both
Houses and In the armed serv-
ices; compulsory chapel at the
service academies, and religious
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
AesoLUHsM IN THE SUPREME COURT


4 discussion OF the Supreme
Court decision In the school
prayer case last year and its
Implications on all traces of re-
lieion In public activities was
contained In an address Thurs
uay BY Deem Erwin N. Gris-
weld Of the Harvard University
Law School. He was delivering
the William II. Leary lecture
a the University OF Utah Law
school, From the speech The
Star has extracted passages TO
show the heart Of his argu-
ment;
An Institution charged with the
role which the Supreme Court has
successfully filled for so many
years "a entitled to our respect
and understanding. II one criti-
cizes the court Gas people have
always done In the past, and
should continue to do in the flu
turel, It should be essentially for
the purpose OF trying TO contrib
ute. TO that respect and to that
understanding. The debt which
We al owe to the court Is far
greater than any individual can.
repay. Criticism Of decisions Of
the court or opinions Of its menu
bers should be offered as an eff
fort to repay that debt, and with
the thought that conscientious
criticism may be an aid to the
court in carrying out its difficult
and essential task. It Is in that
spirit that my remarks are offered.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

ward the Democratic Party, the
AFL-CIO is at odds with the adj
ministration on a variety of eco /,
nomic measures. In addition to-,
the aforementioned work and
pay matters. neither of which Is
given much chance in Congress
this year or next, it has attacked
the Kennedy tax plan and pro.
posal for expanding the economy
as too timid. ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Text Cited

A number Of years ago saw
In the Saturday Review q little
item which may serve as a text
for my remarks.
1t reads as follows:
I'm the land OF Absolute,
tphere everyone and everything
Is perfect, there Is no light at
night.
~The annals OF the Absolu-
tiGns record that they once dis
covered the electric light, but as
Is knoDn, the perfect electric
light burns In a perfect uacuum.
Absolute Is In the dark"
Absolutes are likely to be phan-
toms. eluding our grasp. Even II
we think we have embraced them,
they are likely to be misleading.
If we start from absolute premises,
we, may find that we only over
simplify our problems and thus
reach unsound results. 1t may
well be that absolutes are the
greatest hindrance to sound and
useful thought-in law, as in other
fields Of human knowledge. I
would like to suggest that the
Supreme Court has, in recent
years, been engaged in certain
types Of cases. in q species Of abb
solutisn in its reasoning, which
Is more likely to lead us into dark
ness than to light. 1t is. I think,
q thoroughly unsatisfactory form
Of judging.
The most extreme form Of the
absolutist position has been taken
by Mr.. Justice Black, particu-
larry in certain extra judicial pro-
nouncements. Thus. In his James
Madison lecture at New York Uni
veFsity. he said: 1T is my belief
that there are 'absolutes' In our
Bill Of Rights, and that they were
put there on purpose by men who
knew what words meant and
meant their prohibitions to be
'absolutes.'
And he reiterated this. and ex-
tended 1t In a publicized inter-
view in which he dealt specifi-
cally with the First Amendment.
which you viii recall, reads in
the following terms:
Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment Of
religion or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the
freedom Of speech or Of the press;
or the right Of the people peace
ably to assemble, and to petition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

II 7 may tell q story as a basis
for a question. down In North
Carolina there was q fellow named
George. George said 10 his friend
Bill. my wife is the most extrav-
agant woman. She always wants
80 cents for this. so cents for that,
and so cents for the other thing"
Bill said. what does she do
with all that money!"
George said. "she don't get t."
Senator Erwin. Democrat OF
North Carolina. in Senate debate
on Government spending. a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

does not have any particular re-
ligious belief. But does the fact
that we have officially adopted
liberation as our standard mean
that we must give UP our history
and our tradition? The Moslem
who comes here may worship as
he pleases, and may hold public
office without discrimination.
That is as it should be. But why
should it follow that he can re-
quire others to give up their
Christian tradition merely be-
cause he is a tolerated and well
coined member of the community2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Unfortunate Move

Let me now turn to another
aspect Of the matter. / think 1t
was unfortunate that the ques-
ton involved In the Engel case
was ever thought Of as a matter
for judicial decision, that 1t was
unfortunate that the court decided
the case, one way or the other,
and that this unhappy situation
resulted solely from the absolut-
list position which the court has
taken.
What do mean by this? I have
In mind at least two separate
lines Of thought. One Is the fact
that we have q tradition, q spir-
itual and cultural tradition, Of
which we ought not to be deprived
by judges carrying into effect the
logical implications Of absolutist
notions not expressed in the Con-
stitution itself, and surely never
contemplated by those who put the
constitutional provisions into eff
feet. The other is that there are
some matters which are essentially
local in nature, important mat
tiers, but nonetheless matters to
be worked out by the people them
selves In their own communities.
when no basic rights Of others are
impaired.
First. as to the long tradition.
Is it not clear as q matter Of
historical fact that this was q
Christian Nation? Are the May
flower Compact, Ann Hutchinson,
Cotton Mather. Jonathan Edwards,
and william Penn, and many 9TH
ers. no part Of our history? 1t is
true that we were q rather re-
markable Christian Nation, having
developed a tolerance In matters
Of religion which was at once vir-
tually unique and q tribute to the
men Of the 18th and 18th CEN
turtles who developed the type of
thought which came to prevail
here. But this was not q purely
humanistic type of thought. Nor
did it deny the Importance and
significance Of religion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
TOIerotion by Minorities

In a country which has a great
tradition of tolerance, is 1t not
important that minorities, who
have benefited so greatly from
that tolerance, should be tolerant,
too, as long as they are not COM
PEELED to take affirmative action
themselves, and nothing is done
which they cannot wait out, or
pass respectfully by, without their
own personal participation, If they
do not want to give it? Is 1t not
a travesty that we have brought
ourselves, through an essentially
thought-denying absolutist ape
proach, to the point where such
things as chaplains in our prisons,
or chapels in our military acade-
mics, can be seriously and solr
EMMY raised as threats to the
religious freedom which is guaran-
teed by the First Amendment-as
made applicable to the States, in
very general terms. by the Four
tenth Amendment? In saying this,
I am fully mindful Of the rights
Of those who have or profess no
religion, and who are surely en-
titled to the same respect as any,
one else-and should themselves
give the same respectful regard
to the rights Of other citizens. ac-
cepting reasonable arrangements
made in this area by the major
ity, with no compulsion on them
to participate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Provisions Of Sweep

It Is perfectly true that the
First Amendment forbade Con-
gress to pass any law respecting
an establishment of religion or
prohibiting the free exercise
thereof" These are great provi-
sions, Of great sweep and basic
Importance. But to say that they
require that all trace Of religion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

land (and ScotlandJ have an es-
tablished church. but there were
established churches in a number
Of the States at the time the
First Amendment was adopted.
And they were something very diff
ferent from q regents recon-
rnended prayer. It takes q meas
ure Of construction to bring this
prayer within the no-establish-
ment clause. mo law" may well
mean no law.
But establishment Of religion"
might mean establishment Of re-
ligion: and those who wrote the
establishment OF religion" clause
might be rather perplexed by the
use which has been made Of It In
1862. mo law" means no law.
It is as simple as that--ttat is,
II one ignores the other words
which are involved IN the task,
such as Congress" establish
ment Of religion" "the free exer-
else thereof" and deprive any
person Of life. liberty, or property
without due process Of law" / do
not say that these are meaning
less words. I do suggest they are
words which require construction,
which are by no means absolute
In form or content, and that to
ignore them under the guise Of
the absolutist approach is to fail
to recognize and perform the most
significant and fundamental part
Of the task Of judging.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Civil Rights

Designed. In the Presidents
words. 10 speed the achievement
OF "first-class citizenship" for all
Americans. the Kennedy program
would ease the difficulties Ne
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Look OF the Wording

But is 1t all as clear as this2
Do words convey such positive
and overpowering meaning? Is
there no room whatever for
thought or consideration? Per-
haps it would be worth while Just
to look carefully at the words Of
the First Amendment, in all its
majesty. I will not yield to any
Justice Of the Supreme Court in
my respect for those words. or,
in my conception of their impor-
lance not merely in our history
but In their present function and
worth in helping US to preserve q
free Nation. But what do they
say? Congress shall make no
law. ="
Congress had made no law In
the Engel case; no law Of Con-
gress was in any way involved.
What is it that Congress can
make no law about? 1t is ian
establishment Of religion" What
does that term mean? That takes
some constituting. too. Certainly
there was much history behind
the phrase. Not only did Eng
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

services In Federal hospitals
/, and prisons; religious procla-
nations" by the President; "'In
God We Trust" on our money;
"Bible-reading in the schools Of
the District Of Columbia: and
many other things, including ex-
exemption from "the Federal in
come tax" and postal privileges"
for religious organizations" All
of this is bad, according to Justice
Douglas. After recognizing that
"Our system at the Federal and
State levels is presently honey
combed with" such things, he
said. summarily, and absolutely:
Nevertheless, I think it is an
unconstitutional undertaking
whatever form it takes" It's as
simple as that. They are all bad.
And perhaps they are If the abb
solutist approach to such matters
can be accepted as sound. These
are the lengths to which absolute
ism takes us.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

A number Of years ago saw
IN the Saturday Review q little
item which may serve as a text
for my remarks.
The Nome nugget., 1963-07-17
Gov. Wallace Won't
 Help to Enforce Law

WASHINGTON LP - Gov. Geo. Wallace of Alabama declared Tues day he would make no effort to help enforce a federal public ac- commodations law nor would he encourage compliance with it in his state.
 T would just go ahead and be the governor of Alabama and let the federal folks try to enforce it." Wallace told the Senate Com merce Committee.
 In that connection, the governor restated his view it would take an army of federal agents or troops to enforce a law opening restau- rants, motels and theaters and other places of business to racial integratiOn.
 Wallace returned to the commit tee to complete the fiery testimony against President Kennedy's bill which he began Monday.
 Wallace's declaration he would not help enforce a public accom- modation law came during an ex- change with Sen. Philip Hart, O. MichD, which even got into the question of whether heaven will be segregated.
 Hart, a member of both the Commerce and Judiciary Commit tees. said that since Wallace had introduced this solemn note" into the proceedings, he would like to ask "what you think heaven will be like, will it be segregated?"
 Wallace answered that II don't think any of us knows what heaven will be like" He went on to say God made us all, he made you and me white, he made others black. He segregated us.
The Nome nugget., 1963-07-17
Wade Says No Chance For Special Election

FAIRBANKS tR - Secretary of State Hugh Wade said here Mon day he saw no chance for a special election on the referendum peti- ton seeking to revoke the manda- tory borough act.
 The first chance for an election on the referendum will be during the August 1864 primary election, he said.
 Tn the mean time the petition will come to the attention of the legislature" he added, but what they might do about the borough act I could not say"
 Asked if he thought a special election would be called to vote on the referendum petition, Wade said, definitely not
 He added: Tt should be pointed out that the referendum petition asking for a vote on the mandatory borough act does not have any effect on the borough election that is coming soon."
The Nome nugget., 1963-07-17
Half Million Jewelry Theft

CORPUS CHRISTI, Tex. R - JeWelry valued at half a million dollars was stolen from the plush home of oilman Arnold Morgan Monday.
 Police chief Dick Runyan said the burglary, largest in the history of this coastal city, occurred while members of the family were gone
 Among the 13 pieces taken by carting away a wall safe was g diamond necklace worth more than S100,000 Runyan reported.
The Nome nugget., 1963-07-17
HENRY FORD PROFILE
1863 1863

SIX ANY HISTORIAN what happened in the month of July, A So and he will tell you that Union forces the battle of Gettysburg and General Grant took Vicksburg.
 Chances however that he will overlook another that also had significant impact the of history took place July 3O l8o3 small farm Sprngwels Township Mich, just few miles outside Detroit There the first of four boys and girls born Scohrsh farmer named William Ford and his wife Mary. They named their Henry.
 Henry Ford is we'll known the who put America whee but persons surprised learn how much he had to do with putting America in the air.
 No other aplan has endured long marked many historic mlestones the Ford Trmotor The first almea muengined transport the United States, Henry Fords Fri standard equipment the airlnes of the nation during the late Until the first flight of the Boeng 247 in February 1853, he Tin Goose 'the Model of the deserved reputation of being the only genuine commercial transport in the country.
 Model T. Model and the ndustrs first owpriced Vs building today?
 No doubt he might grumble about the 90 models offered He might look today coors and interiors frivolous Prob ably he would admire the and economy of the Falcon and Comet practical" The Thunderbd and Lincoln nenta might receive his approval mighty comfortable and perhaps - in black - elegant
 Older folks remember Henry Ford for the Model and Model Fords they learned drive But their fathers probably remembered Mr. Ford who the worlds the flying mile better than miles hour with famous the '000."
 in faraway Nome Alaska, the impact of the Model started changing the of life in the gas engine taking the work of dog transportation
The Nome nugget., 1963-07-17
IMPROVEMENTS WILL BE MADE AT KOTZEBUE AIRPORT

The Ralph Wien Memorial Air port at Kotzebue will be in for improvements soon, according to Lars Johnson, Director of the Di- vision of Aviation of the Depart ment of Public Works.
 Improvements call for extend ing the landing strip to 5000 feet plus additional apron construction.
 Bid openings on the projects are scheduled for Aug. 1 in the Juneau office of Richard Downing, Com missioner of the Department of Public Works.
The Nome nugget., 1963-07-17
Charged with Larceny

SEATTLE R - Paul Monti, 5l, Seattle, accused of taking a penny from the pocket of a dead man, was charge Monday with larceny.
 Monti and the dead man, Gust Jutman, 61, lived in the same hotel. Police said Monti told them he was walking past Jutman's room last week when he noticed Jutman lying on the floor. Police said Jutman apparently shot himself.
 Monti admitted taking tn e penny, authorities said.