davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Navajo times., 1963-05-02
The importance Of Livestock TO Navajo eo,,.r v.xx

the NavajOS with few head OF sheep
are reluctant to see their beloved
goats removed. The small owners
should be encouraged to weave
rugs.
81 believe it was great mistake
to abandon tribal buck herd on the
Bar N Ranch.
The Sheep Growers Associa-
tion should revive the Buck enter
prise to accommo odate it's
members. There is plenty of room
in Bar N Ranch. To the Navajo
sheep raising appears a more
stable means of livelihood because
of their traditional dependence
upon it.
I'VE recognize our critical
range conditions and withthe rising
population with only little over
5000 listing grazing permits, we
must turn to some other means of
livelihood. certainly we can not
even attempt to increase our herds
beyond our permitted numbers with
this in mind there is only one al
Tentative, and that is to keep the
best of our breeding stock and
undertake an over all impr ovement
program. this | believe can only
be done by the Navajo Sheep Crow
ers Association.
"There is just too much ever
lasting suspicion. If only that bar
rier could be broken down, then
every sheepman could combine
their efforts for the better things
of life, we will be better off.
"We have often heard stated
by some Navajo leaders that
Livestock raising" is no longer
a livelihood. | believe rough the
combined efforts of members of
the Navajo Sheep Growers AS
sociation, the best possible returns
from lambs, wool and rugs could
be obtained.
"We also believe that we can
save many acres of grazing lands
by eliminating non-pr oductive
livestock through a culling pro-
gram which could be taken up by
sheepmen. Educational programs
of many descriptions can be
brought about by the Sheep
Growers Association. We have the
assurance that the BIA stand ready
to give us every possible assis-
tance.
within few years from now,
to be exact about 13 years hence.
10000 acres of land will be under
irrigation under the Navajo Dam.
"We have great hopes that by
moving all of our surplus live stock
on to the irrigated pasture for
grazing would solve most of our
problems.
Navajo times., 1963-05-02


The Navajo Sheep Growers
Association are in best positio on to
encourage PROPER BREEDING
practices among its members.
Lambs dropped during the latter
part Of May, and its mother having
plenty of milk at six months time,
the lambs can be marketed as
uniform size lambs at the high
market values.
Needless to remind you that
the Navajo sheep is scrubby, with
long legs, long neck and little
meat. 1t has about 3 or 4 pounds
of coarse. long stapled wool, which
does not gather dirt as easily as
the curlier and oilier woods.
"At the Ganado Demonstrate
area, the Indian Bureau found
that with proper feeding and care
a larger animal which yields an
average of eight pounds of wool
could be raised on range with
the carrying capacity estimated
by the grazing surveys. The Bureau
also obtained a 93% lamb crop,
believe, it was a mistake to have
abandoned the Canado Demonstra-
tion area. Navajo sheep operate on
commercial basis should be en-
couraged to eliminate poor stock
and improve the quality of sheep,
with more meat and wool.
"They could be encouraged to
pool their lambs and wool and in
vite outside buyers to bid Compel
itively lambs and wool can be sold
to the highest bidders. Shearing
techniques have improved deci-
dedly since the day when school
craft mourned the poor sheep,
which yielded its wool at the cost
of its life. 1t is said that the Nava-
jo. in their ignorance. killed the
sheep to get the wool: this GER
tainly sounds extreme, but the
shearing methods we're certainly
crude, and the sheep intheir strug-
gle for existence had obvious need
to develop fortitude.
"Shears we're gradually intro
duced around 18S5--prior to this
time. wool was pulled off or hacked
off with a knife or piece of sharp
ened piece of tin. A good sheepman
now tries to shear his sheep tobe
a profit to himself.
1.-THE improved methods of
shearing TO keep wool fleeces dirt
free and fleeces tied separately
from the tags will bring more
money. Rambouillet type sheep
produce finer and heavier type
wool. On the other hand, for the
small owner--he will always per-
nit goats to Craze with his sheep,
for reasons excellent to them
selves.
''The Navajos like their goats.
they like the meat: and if they
drink milk at all, it is goats
milk they drink. A Navajo said
There is only one drink better
than wine. that is goats milk"
"Mohair for weaving makes
good rugs.
"The flocks are more easily
herded if there are few bright
eyed goats among the sheepto lead
the way. Moreover, many ewes
are unable to nurse their offspring
because of no milk. And such
lambs. as we'll as those orphaned
by death or desertion, may be
sucked by goat as a foster
mother. On the other hand, the
lively and more aggressive goat
travels faster than sheep and gets
the choicest vegetation. Many of
Navajo times., 1963-05-02


GROWERS ASSOCIATION MEET
INC. Reprinted by popular request.
''The importance of live stock,
particularly Sheep cannot be over
estimated with respect to the in
fluence on Navajo History and
habits of life.
"Sheep made the Navajos the
large and important tribe which
we are today. The sale of meat,
wool. and weaving of blankets and
rugs brought millions of dollarsto
us each year.
They tell us that Coronado
brought the first sheep toAmerica
in 154O. Experts debate among
themselves whether these sheep
were originally of Merino or
Chourro breed.
''In 1886, The Indian Bureau
reported 10000 sheep among the
Navajos with individuals owning as
many as 5000 to 10000 head.
'The statistics for the years
following the return show steady
increase until. in 1881, they
reached a peak of 1,37O,554 head,
of which 631 APT we're grown sheep
and 345,242 were lambs and
393.885 were goats.
"Partly as the result of the
Government attempt to reduce
the numbers of live stock to the
carrying capacity of the depleted
ranges. the figures for 1885 show
a total of 9o4, ,91O of which 548,579
are sheep: ESQ. sos are lambs and
1888 are goats.
''The greatest reduction has
been in goats: sheep have increased
since 1894 despite the number pur-
chased by the Government: the
purchase plan of the Indian Bureau,
which was worked out with the
Agricultural Adjustment Admin
stratiOn was not entirely success
full in its operation and results,
in that the small owners suffered
and the carrying capacity of the
range is still exceeded.
''The present carrying capacity
of the range, according to the soil
conservation specialists is $50, 900
sheep units. The range iscarrying
not only the 373,21O grown sheep;
269.O11 lambs: 339. IT'S goats: but
also 46, 1874 head of cattle and H.
262 horses, mules and burroS as
per 1862 summer count.
In earlier days. a family group
had agrazing use area with radius
of thirty miles: today it is more
likely to be of about three miles
radius. 1t is estimated that twenty
to thirty acres are required to feed
one sheep properly.
''Navajos who do not understand
the problem of erosion feel that a
good rain would settle the pasture
difficulties and that they could then
not only support their present
stock, and also continue their for
mer program of herd increase.
The conServati onists, in ex-
planning their program. liken the
production of vegetation and grass
to a sum of money out on interest.
The vegetation grown on a range
capable of carrying 500, 900 sheep
units feed on the forage. if, how
ever, a greater number of sheep
units use the pasture. the forage
producing capacity of the range,
the equivalent of capitolis reduced.
"Today. grasses like blue
grama. galeta, and sacaton, and
shrubs like chamise, greasewood,
which are the natural coverages of
the grazing lands, are being re-
placed by the harder Russian
thistle and other weeds without
n,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
WORDS, WIT
AND WISDOM
BY WILLIAM MORRIS

Question: Would you please
tell me in your column why
and when the word "grapha-
phone" was changed to pho
nograph"?-Richard Ruben,
Clymer, Pa.
Answer: It's seldom possible
to assign a precise date to
changes in language, especially
when dealing with the names
for such a popular item as the
photograph. I should say,
however, that while graphic
phone" correct spelling) was
in common use from about 1900
to 1880, it dropped out Of the
popular tongue at about the
time when Victor introduced
its first "orthophonic" records
in the late 1920's. "Phono-
graph" had been in common
use all along and, after 1880.
became almost the exclusive
term for the instrument.
Nowadays, Of course, any
such machine is commercially
labeled "hi-fi" even If its fidel-
ity is not much higher than
that Of the original Edison
sound box.
Tom Edison gets credit for
inventing the photograph,
though his original cylinder
machine was never very sue
cessful and has long since been
supplanted by the disc-playing
machine. The latter was the
inventor Of Emile Berliner,
about 10 years after Edison,
and was first called a "gramo-
phone" This name, incidental
ly, is still the generic term for
monograph in Great Britain.
The first Berliner machine
was marketed as the Victor
Talking Machine. (Takes you
back, doesn't it?) Then, as
"phonograph" became a popu-
lar name for the instrument,
someone-probably the Column
bia record people - switched
the elements in the word and
got a trademark on the word
"graphophone." The more COM
mon word photograph" was
not eligible for trademark be-
cause it had been used as early
as 1885 to describe one Of the
elements in a system Of Short
hand.
Question: An announcer on a
local radio station recently an
nounced a bargain In spinach
packed in cello" bags, pro-
nouncing cello the same as the
musical instrument - CHELL-
oh. Is there any hope for
him?-L. p, Hackensack, N. j.
Answer: Not much, but the
station should fire the copy
writer, not the announcer. He
should have written the word
out in full as "cellophane."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
Daily Question

Partner opens with one no
trump (l6 10 IS points, and
the next player passes. You
hold:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
Athletes From College

College athletes represent
about rs per cent of the total
amateur athletes in the Ma.
ton and colleges provide more
than 80 per cent of the sports
facilities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07

Astonishing performance in so
eompoet an FM-AM set! Lorge
oval speaker produces excellent
tone. Complete with botteries.
Model T-6l.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
FREE 14-DAY HOME TRIAL

not completely satisfied your svnbsom Shower 10 Drug or
where purchased ond money will be refunded Sunbeam will
oeespt on svnbsom Remington Noo seek Renson Shower
In rods u 90 trodsin voIvsl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
Wonderful Play

"A wonderful play" West ex-
claimed. "The best backward
squeeze I've seen since the
LEM Culbertson match Of 1882.
I'll bet you've been studying"
II don't have time to study"
South admitted m o destly.
These plays just come nat
urally. I guess, II you keep
your wits about you"
VERY brilliant" East COM
mented, but his heart wasn't
In the compliment. He knew
that his partner had thrown
away the defense and was max
ing a fuss about the squeeze
play as a smokescreen.
After South had won the
third trick with the ace OF
hearts. he led a club. West
played low and that was the
end Of the defense. II West had
played the queen Of clubs that
would have been the end Of
South.
Declarer cannot afford 10 let
West win a club trick, for then
West runs the hearts. But once
South wins the first club trick
In dummy, the rest Of the clubs
are shut out. South can win
only eight tricks.
Daily Question
Partner opens with one no
trump (l6 10 IS points, and
the next player passes. You
hold:
AJl07 074 oi06 AAKi0e62
What do you say2
Answer: Bid three no-trump.
The long club suit is worth
at least an extra point or two
and the combined total should
therefore be enough for game.
General Features corp)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
Nj AND LOIS

Always give your opponent
credit for a fine play. This not
only creates the impression
that you are a fine sportsman
but also distracts attention
from any crime you may have
committed.
South dealer.
Both sides vulnerable.
NORTH
AJl07
074
o106
%AK10962
WEST EAST
AK65 A832
0KQJ85 0632
oQ72 o9543
@Q4 @J87
SOUTH
AAQ94
0Al09
oAKJ8
asa
South West North East
10 10 20 Pass
3NT All Pass
Opening lead: King Of hearts.
West opened the king Of
hearts. continued with the
queen and then led the Jack
OF hearts TO drive out South's
ace.
South led a club and played
the nine from dummy, losing
10 East's jack. Back came a
spade and South went up with
the ace 10 run the rest OF
dummy's clubs.
Declarer discarded three
spa des and q diamond on
dummy's clubs. saving Just the
A-K-J of diamonds. West had
TO save the king Of spades TO
prevent dummy's Jack from
winning q trick and west
therefore could keep only two
diamonds.
With nine tricks In sight,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-07
SHERWOOD ON BRIDGE
Compliment Hides Poor Defense
By ALFRED SHERWOOD

South was not going to risk
any illnesses. When South
cashed the ace and king of
diamonds Vests queen dropped
and South therefore made an
extra trick.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Aqrico EVERGREEN
FERTILIZER

Feed established everoreens yeorly for
snowy color and heolth. Gronulor
Evergreen Fertilizer is formulated for
the specific feeding Of foundation and
specimen shUbbeN - Jumpers. Hem
lock, Firs. cedors, Spruce, Yews. Arbor-
vitoe and 6oSwood. Cleon, dust free.
opply by hond or spceoder
eo"s."I."' 10 ID. bon ----------- Sl.5O
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Asrieo ROSE FOOD

A professional orower-Npe fer
tiIizer for the home rose enthu-
siost. The dry oronules provide
the organic and inorganic plant
food roses need TO develop O
deep root system, sturdy cones
ond colorful blooms. Complete
directions on pockooe.
5 ID. bos Fos smoll rose beds. 9S
20 h. 'S'I ..s.sa bog - $2.95
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Agrieo
GRASS FOOD

Rswordins results with
non burning Aasieo
Gross food. In fres-f flow.
ing. nUtFieni poekOd oso-
NVlss encourages deep
root development. The
6o96 orsunie nitrogen
with ureo-form IN A0ri-
co Gross Food supplies
o Iossino feeding thot
sVssoin renewed gross
vitality.
so Ib. bog covers
5000 50. #. $4.7S
2/5o lb. boos cover
10000 50. #. $s.7S
IS Ib. bog ---$2.s5
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20
by BETTY BEALE

Jack Hayward. son of
wealthy British industrialist
Charles Hayward, to build
handsome beachside houses.
But they will probably go the
way of all beaches as their
island enterprises grow.
U. S. Steel is putting $40
million into building a har-
Dor and cement mill for
Freeport. And next Deem
Der its first luxury beach
hotel. the Lucaya, is due to
open At West End, an
hour away, Charles Sammons
of Dallas has redone the
Grand Bahama Club and
is enlarging its harbor.
Not the least of the is
lands attractions is a
voodoo night club where the
natives go wild every Satur-
day night. Obviously G. B.
won't be deserted longl
BACK TO WASHINGTON
to find that everything was
routine, for Washington.
that is. One President (of
Venezuela) had checked in;
one King (of Laos was COM
ing up; one Prince (of Bel
quinn was due in the same
day; two dances we're sched-
uled for this week; Buffie
Ives and her husband Ernest
were due in next weekend;
and the world and his broth
er had picked Monday,
February rs for some kind
of entertainment.
That's the night Vice
President and Mrs. johnson
will give a state dinner for
the King of Laos, the Bel
gian Ambassador and Nine.
Scheyven well entertain for
Prince Albert. MARY, Mary"
will open at the National fol-
lowed by a late supper at
Paul Young's restaurant by
Roger and Christine Stevens.
Also. the Embassy Of Ku-
wait will celebrate at a 6-to-
8 reception the accession Of
its Emir, on the heels Of the
4 o'clock Frontier Nursing
Service tea at the British
Embassy. And that's the
night Lawrence of Arabia"
will stage a glittering pre-
miere at the Ontario Theater.
The film opening is unique
because although it is not a
benefit. 1t will draw some 200
prominent officials and will
be preceded by a flock of
chic dinner parties. 1t will
also be followed by a mid
night reception at the Shore
ham by producer Sam Spiegel
and director David Lean re-
ceiving with British Ambas-
sador and Lady Ormsby
Gore.
Columbia Pictures has not
only sent out handsome slick
magazines on the film about
the man Winston Churchill
once described as zone of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20
EXCLUSIVELY YOURS :
The South Also Has
Some Strange Ways

poems-just as though this
was the most normal thing
in the world to do on a jun
gle island. Somerset
Vaughan could have found
the setting for Rain" right
there without even pointing
a toe toward the South Seas.
And about as far from the
daily dry martini circuit as
you could get was the wet
ride in a motorized rowboat
across the storm tossed bay
with waves blowing into the
boat almost faster than they
could be bailed out, only to
end up in the bailiwick of a
pet porpoise! This sort Of
thing simply doesn't happen
in Washington.
Betty Brothers, deep sea
diver and author of the en-
chanting "Ra-oo and the
PorpoiSe", keeps her huge, s.
year-old female porpoise Dial
in a 200-foot tidal pool by
her husbands motel on
Torch Key. Everyday she
goes in swimming with Dial
and collects further proof
that porpoises are as smart
or smarter than people. They
have l,700 gram brains while
people have only about l,400
gram brains.
THE KENNEDY ADMIN
ISTRATION is so interested
in acquiring some of this
brain power for the Federal
Government (which could
use it), 1t recently gave DR..
John C. Lilly a grant Of
$4,000 to teach porpoises to
talk our language. The ex-
pertinent began about two
months ago on Dinner Key
with seven or eight porpoises
and a staff or four or five
humans.
Dial is a cheerful charmer.
She rolls over when Betty
asks her to. says peep
peep-peep" when she wants
to tell her mistress follow
me-" and joyfully leaps into
the air with Betty leaping
with her by clinging to her
dorsal fin.
When she wants to show
special affection, she takes
Betty's hand in one of her
flippers (Which have the
bones Of a human hand)
and holds it close to her side.
DR.. Lilly's experiment may
be unnecessary. Mrs. Brothers
is rapidly learning porpoise
language!
Yep. things are Just as
strange down south as they
are in the Nations Capital.
For instance. the deserted
beauty Of the beaches at
Freeport, Grand Bahama,
are the very things that have
caused such businessmen as
Jim Rand Of Remington and
Rand, wallace Groves of
New York who now owns
most Of Freeport. Bernard
Diamond of Savannah and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20
AII-MaIe Jurv
Turns Down Suit

double and sought the serv-
ices Of a plastic surgeon, DR..
Manfred Won Linde, to give
her bust measurements more
in keeping with Miss Taylor's.
Last nights hung jury
ended the trial In which Miss
Dixon had maintained that
Won Linde's surgery left her
with one breast lower than
the other.
Infection?
The operation, she said, also
resulted in an infection due
to the implanting of plastic
foam in her breasts. Even
tually, she said. another sur
geon removed the implants
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20

There's nothing like get
ting out Of this town to re-
store ones sanity.
Living in Washington is a
bit Of a strain on the brain,
what with contradictory
stories about press coverage
emanating from the White
House and hordes Of people
renouncing the horseless car
riage for 50-mile hikes all
because Of some old unearth-
ed letter.
So this columnist headed
South 10 days ago for mental
equilibrium and warm and
sunny chimes only to find
that things are just as
strange down there. For one
thing, it wasn't very warm
or sunny.
For another, she discovered
that the biggest island in
the Bahamas, Grand Bahia
ma, is practically deserted
though closest to the Florida
coast and blessed with a 40
foot-wide- beach Of talcum
powder sand gently washed
by aquamarine, seaweed-free
water. II that isn't strange,
! don't know what is. unless
1t was having a four-course
breakfast on a tugboat.
ON TOP OF THAT she
soon found herself sitting in
a house on stills on a remote
island in the Florida Keys
gazing at the Atlantic Ocean
through the feathery fronds
of coconut palms while lis
tening to the islands only
male inhabitant tell how he
fought in the Boer War at
Is and had a harem in
Morocco when a mere lad Of
20.
Capt. Perez Cook, a husky
5-foot-4 man of 81 years,
lives alone on the island with
his housekeeper and his ex-
tenSive marine library, builds
an extra room when he needs
1t with his own two hands.
He travels 5 miles across the
bay in an cupboard motorboat
to get his food, and gets his
water when the rain trickles
onto the roof and down the
cutters into buckets.
1t was all right out of an
adventure book.
And the scene later in the
only other house on the
island was hardly what you
would call run-of- the-mill.
While the rain beat down
on the roof and drenched
the uncut tropical growth,
turning the gumbo- limbo
trees mahogany colored bark
slick and darker, Wesley
Frame Of Savannah calmly
played gin rummy by can
delight. Meanwhile, George
Abel. Washington man about
town, dramatically recited
Robert Louis Stevenson
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, D. c. (a@sakuAAv~aa C-3
Wednesday, February TO- 1868 SOSASAy ssOsuS ~

but the entire procedure left
her with breasts even smaller
than before.
Won Linde. in contesting
the negligence suit, testified
that his surgery on Miss
Dixon was in accordance with
accepted medical practice.
He denied her claim that he
insisted on leaving the i'm
plants in her body.
Seeks New Trial
On the contrary, Won Linde
said. after the infection was
verified by laboratory tests,
he urged removal of the i'm
plants but Miss Dixon baked.
He said he then tried to clear
up the infection through
injections, drainage and anti
biotics.
The Brooklyn-born brunette
plaintiff, who has homes here
and in Beverly Hills, Calf,
will seek a new trial. her
lawyers said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 20.-An
all-male jury has failed to
agree on the 100000 damage
suit brought by an actress
model who claimed she
wound up with breasts
smaller than she had prior
to an operation to make her
as buxom as Elizabeth Taylor.
The plaintiff, Josephine
(Joann) Dixon, 30, testified
she wanted to try out for a
movie role as the screen stars
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-20

the greatest beings alive in
our time" but 1t has also
sent out two sets of Law
renee of Arabia" recordings.
Copper River current., 1963-08-01
Ba sin Calendar

Aug. l. Kentona Club at Beth Hooper, Aug.2- Soil Conserva tion at school . Aug 5. Copper River Basin s Lion
 Club meeting ,8:OOP.M. Aug G. Game night at the Legion Post
 27 Hall 7;3O. Aug.7- American Legion regular meei-
 ing at the Legion Hall $50. Aug g. Kenny Lake Community League
 Meeting. Aug. l3-Game night at the American
 Legion Post 27 7;3O. Aug IA American Legion Regular meet
 ing 7;5O. Aug. .l5-Kentona Club at Jackie Hunt s Aus. .l9-Copper River Basin Lions
 Club meeting 8 ;OOP.M. Aug .2O-Game night at the Legion Post
 27 Hall, 7;3O Aug. .2l American Legion Post 27th
 Big meeting 7:3O Aug. .23-Kenny Lake Community Social Aug. .27-Game night at the Legion Hall
 7:5O PM. Aug. .28- Legion Aug. at Legion Post 27.
Copper River current., 1963-08-01
Glennal1en Girl Scouts. .Iroup 232

The Glennallen Troup returned from a week of sumner camp at Knik Camp, Togo Woods. Eleven of the girl s attended. Three of the girls earn ed all or part of their tuition paid. They were Mary MeCrary, Judy Marshall (club president) and Gayle Fisher. Others attending were Margaret MeCrary, Jeanne Goodlataw, Darlene and Geraldine Engbretson, Shirley Burns, Linda Fleming, Susan Martin, and Tina Wheeler. There are six other