davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

vate enterprise, had to be goaded
into producing more goods. And
If there was no other reason, the
more convicts, the more cheap la
Dor for strategic works, mining
and public works schemes.
Finally new mass arrests started
a spy scare intended to terrorize
the population and cut off all
contact with the West or with
the foreigners in the community.
There's no better education, no
university in the world that can
teach you what three years in
jail can" say the Communists.
A man who comes from jail
can be trusted. He will never
want to go back again.
And those who stay? Some die
there. Those who go on living
find comfort in the jailbird's
maxim:
only the first three years are
difficult"
Pretexts in JoiIing
Pretexts for failing people
ranged from real and imaginary
war crimes, persecution Of the
working class in the years before
the war, economic sabotage, spy
ing, leaving or attempting to leave
the country without a passport,
spending too much time playing
bridge, consorting with foreigners,
criticizing the factory boss and
making fun of the regime in cof-
fee houses.
This enabled the Communists to
destroy the old army, the judici-
airy, the police, the wealthy
classes, the traditional minded
peasants. the church and the po-
litical parties. In fact all that
could stand in their way.
The prisons overlooked. In 1852
there were some 100000 political
prisoners in Romania alone. And
even after Stains death, in 1858,
thousands more we're arrested for
rejoicing. A man who was heard
saying THANK God, he is dead, :"
got 10 years.
Today the arrests go on for
refusal to work on collective
farms, for grumbling at canteen
food. for not wanting to learn
Russian, for objecting to conscrip-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
BY BERNARD GWERTZMAN
Star Staff Writer


The costs Of the arms race are
weighing heavily on the Soviet
people.
And apparently they are ask
ing: When will the burden be
lifted?
Washington analysts believe
this yearning - translated gen.
orally into a desire for more and
better consumer goods sorely
troubles Premier Khrushchev, who
long has promised the Soviet peo-
pie a more comfortable life.
In a recent speech accepting
formal nomination to the SUI
preme Soviet, Mr.. Khrushchev re-
turned time and again to this
topic. Analysts here noted with
special interest Mr.. Khrushchev's
final words which were apparently
extemporaneous. They we're mon
itored by Western officials but
were not included in the text Of
the speech as published in the
early edition of Izvestia, the gov
eminent newspaper.
Mr.. Khrushchev seemed genu-
inely concerned that his long dis
cussion of the cold war problems
and his argument for a strong
military establishment had not
sufficiently moved the ill-clad
Soviet audience.
II understand. comrades, that
every one of you would probably
like to have a better suit: but the
clothes / see on you make me
happy" Mr.. Khrushchev said.
THE time will come when we
shall not only make better suits;
this is Just q matter OF time: we
shall even have several each; we
shah have tasteful clothes and
clothes TO suit everybody's taste:
and as they say, JUS give us time.
But you must be patient; wait
a while and you will have every
thing. We can't make everything
at once. II Is impossible. The wish
alone is not enough here. I can
promise anything. OF course. can
say: Next year you will have three
suits each. Well. you won't even
listen to me then. You will prob
ably say: What is the matter
with him7 Has he had one too
many7"
Military Spending Defended
The fact OF the matter. Mr..
Khrushchey said earlier In the
speech, is that although the gov
eminent would like TO build more
enterprises producing consumer
goods life dictates the need
10 spend enormous sums on
maintaining our military might
at a proper level"
Naturally. this diminishes-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

Despite most frightful condi-
tons and treatment he man.
aged to survive. Once free
again. he went to London where
he continues his work for the
Associated Press.
Mr.. Kirschen, unmarried, is
now a naturalized British SUBJ
ject.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

touches all the jails of the land.
The escort recoils from a sour
stink of sweat and unwashed
bodies in filthy rags. The pris-
oners' faces are parchment yell
low. Their eyes, sunk deep in
dark blue hollows, are eager to
catch a glimpse of the outside
world. For some this deserted sta
ton is the first glimpse for maybe
a couple of years.
A column is formed. The guards
shout and prod with their pistols.
A kick from a heavy boot helps
speed up the marching. The con-
voy shuffles off and the station
is quiet again. Until next week.
Whether in Russia, Romania,
Hungary, Albania or elsewhere in
Eastern Europe, scores Of jails and
internment colonies are scattered
wide over the territory. There's
a mastermind who plays chess
with helpless pawns and that's
why political prisoners are always
on the move.
Sentenced to 10 years, IS or
perhaps a whole life in prison,
they must not form roots in any
one jail or camp. It's bad for the
discipline because warders are in
clined to soften up with regular
old timers.
Why They Are Shifted
So they are ceaselessly shifted
from one place to another. They
are the living dead and all trace
of them is wiped out by time.
The black cars are always busy.
The arrests began in 1914 and
few families in Eastern Europe
escaped having someone snatched
from their midst. Twelve years
ago, one in 10 of the adult popula-
ton of the area saw jail, labor
camp or colony. And the arrests
continue today, even If the pre-
texts have changed.
First was the need to destroy
the middle class, backbone Of
eventual anti Communist resist
ance. Then it was the turn Of
the peasants reluctant to accept
collectivization. Then came the
workers who, lacking the incen-
tives and drive offered by pri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

riot took place in the Soviet
Union by citizens dissatisfied with
food shortages. But this Is be-
leved to be an isolated incident.
The people have enough to eat
If the diet is boringly starchy and
sugary and they are able to buy
more. If not enough, of what
they want.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

bAhCC w oCNCh uhyo ullLlbCI~
rupted walk in the cellar or ones
cell from which all furniture had
been removed.
Forms of Violence
Violence included forced drink
ing of water up to half a gallon,
followed by electric shocks.
Some people we're inflated with
bicycle pumps.
Others were continually raped
on their knuckes with a steel
spring holding a lead ball at one
end.
Beating was done in the cellar
where the blindfolded victim was
taken.
Then came the trial at night,
with no public, no family, no wit
nesses. with lawyers assigned by
the court. The sentence was rs
years hard labor. A prison clerk
read out the sentence a few days
later in one of the jail corridors.
"'Well,' he asked. what the
devil have you done2'
at was an American (news)
correspondent I replied.
The clerk whistled. Wasn't
there anything else you could do
in this large world except work
for the Americans?'
"'I knew Of nothing else,' I
said. WELL was his final COM
ment, now you know"
Came years of overcrowded
cells, hunger prisoners barely
had 1900 calories a day, more
often less than 1000 - beatings
and no medical attention.
Came 10 years of eating only
boiled food, no eggs, no milk, very
little meat. Only barley, pump
kins, dehydrated potatoes, picked
and fresh cabbage and a few dry
beans thrown in.
Ten years without a fork and
knife, only a spoon. No mirror or
comb or even a hair brush. Ten
years without seeing q dentist.
Teeth were pulled out raw. No
reading, no writing, no whistling
or singing. Just 10 years Of sit
ting and waiting and always hun
cry.
About Is months worked in q
factory Is hours a day. Later I
met old pals again as / found my
self at Aud. a dreaded Transyl-
vanian jail for political prisoners.
Majority Over 30
Their faces were dried up and
sallow. They walked barefoot in
torn, filthy rags. The majority
were over 80 and had been Off
GERS in the old army. or politi-
clans. In the courtyard there was
only one lavatory with three
places, which 500 people had to
use in the two hours allowed.
Many walked around in circles
talking while some of the older
men sat on the ground and leaned
against the wall. In front of the
lavatory was a never ending
queue. In one corner people were
washing their dirty linen and In
another tattered underclothing
was stretched on the wall to dry.
Yet despite the many hardships
of prison life. people managed to
keep their sanity. They learned
languages, taught them, learned
poetry, told stories. spoke about
their professions. Chessmen were
made Of bread and so were back
CANNON pieces. Those who were
caught playing were sent to iso-
lation cells on bread and water,
sometimes for a week. They came
back and resumed from where
they left off.
Even news trickled through to
keep us informed Of what was
happening in the outside world,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
The Personal Stories

Inc TerSonoI SrorIeS
This writer, who spent 10 years
in Romanian jails, lived with
these people, talked to them and
listened to their stories. These
were thousands of variations on
the same theme.
During my own cross-examina-
ton the inquiry tried to prove
that my criminal activity" had
begun with my postwar return to
Romania, allegedly effected by ar
rangement of certain intelligence
services in Turkey seeking to
establish a Western spy net. 1t
remained undecided whether
was spying for the Americans or
the British.
They wanted to find out all my
British and American contacts in
the country. Not only my con-
facts but the contacts of my con-
facts were sought. Not only bust
ness facts but bed facts as we'll
concerned them. Every little bit
Of scandal was received with Joy.
Not a single path was left unex-
plored.
Years Of such patient labor has
led to the Identification, indexing
and photographing of tens of
millions Of individuals all over the
world with careful annexation of
their breakfast habits, virtues and
vices.
Methods Of extorting confessions
ranged from the most urbane
heart-to-heart talks to sadistic
violence.
On intellectuals they first tried
method one. If they failed they
went down the list. starting with
the abolition of cigarettes and the
cup of lime tea with bread.
Then followed standing for
hours; sitting on a chair around
the clock without sleep for several
days; then the "manege" from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Shortage Of Consumer Goods Still Soviets Problem

ers. But the demand far out
strips Soviet capacities and will
ingness.
II should have bigger pockets
sewn in my coats" Mr.. Khrush-
chev said in his Moscow speech.
"Everytime / walk down the
street, people thrust notes onto
me, a new apartment, q new
apartment"
Priority to Consumers
A recent study by John P. Hardt
for the Joint Economic Commit
tee Of Congress notes that during
the l959-l96l period, a high pri-
ority was given to the consumer
sector. Mr.. Khrushchev appar-
emily not only wanted to fulfill
his own peoples needs; he wanted
to hold the Soviet Union as a
model TO the rest Of the world.
BY mid-1961, however. the pen
dulum swung away from the con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Competition With U. S.

Economists here assert that as
long as the Soviet Union completes
with the United States In the
complex and expensive military
space race. the consumers in the
Soviet Union will continue to be
frustrated.
The Soviet Union - according
to its last figures produces
only SO per cent Of the United
States industrial output. This
does not even begin to indicate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

An Associated Press cOrre-
spOndent who spent 10 years
IN a Communist prison here re-
counts the story of his hOr-
rible ordeal. His crime: Objec-
tive news reporting. The writer
author of the recently pub
lshed book, Prisoner Of Red
Justice"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

was. That system is being over
hauled.
There is at U. N. headquarters
what amounts TO a military chief
of staff under Secretary General
u Thant. He is Brig. !. j. Rikhye,
an Indian general officer. He has
three lieutenant colonies and a
Canadian Air Force squadron
leader under him.
They ran the military side OF
the Congo war. Their desks are
practically side by side on the
38th floor Of the U. N. building
with those Of DR.. Ralph ]. Bunche
and his three deputies. who con-
trolled the political side Of the
operation.
The two offices-political and
military-worked together a lot
more closely than the State De-
partment and the Pentagon fire.
quently do in Washington.
Motter Of Equipment
2. Equipment and fire power.
The U. MS idea OF how 10 equip
an army In the field has been
transformed In the last two
years.
Former Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold, for example, never
dreamed that ONUC (the Congo
force) would need'fighter aircraft.
Mr.. Hammarskjold might never
have lost his life at Ndola had
he been able to fly In the daytime
with a fighter escort.
The U. N. did not expect 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
BY LEONARD KIRSCHEN
Associated Press Staff Writer

LONDON Somewhere in East
ern Europe a train pulls out Of
a small station. The sky looks like
molten lead and the sun is scorch-
ing everything and everyone. A
lew travellers Juggling shabby fiber
Sultcases tied with string are
heading for the street.
The place looks almost deserted.
Only a long black railroad car
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Priority to Consumers
BY WILLIAM II. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. y
United Nations experience in the
Congo-and the possibility Of a
new crisis In Borneo or Yemen
have raised the question:
Can the U. N. take on another
major peacekeeping operation like
the Congo2
The answer u. N. people give
Is: Yes. provided the money prob
lem can be solved. Nothing will
be possible unless the U. N. can
learn TO pay It's bills.
other hurdles. however. have
been overcome In a way which
no one would have dreamed pos
sible two years ago. The U. N. has
been growing teeth" at a fan
tastic rate.
List Of Problems
Some OF the problems solved. or
well on the way TO solution, are
these:
l.. A command structure. Two
years ago, the U. N. scarcely real
tied II might need a commander
in-chief and a chain Of command.
It's biggest operation up TO that
point had been little more than
an armed observer corps.
In the Congo. the U. N. had to
fight. The Jadotville capture In
January, against headquarters Or
ders. showed dramatically how
inadequate the improvised system
Of communication and control
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

stands left behind, isolated. It
could be a baggage car, or q mail
car. But it isn't.
II has small windows, high I'D
out Of reach and they are COW
cred by black steel shutters with
horizontal Sits. What's inside.
you can't see: This is a Jail on
wheels for moving killers, thieves
land political prisoners.
There are some $1,000 political
prisoners behind bars and barbed
wire in Eastern Europe today, ac-
cording to an organization called
Amnesty. That figure doesn't in
clpde the Soviet Union.
Amnesty, an international Or
gapization run from London.
fights for the release Of political
prisoners the world over and keeps
tab on how many are still locked
up. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Wotched by Guards

A long steel door slides open.
The prisoners are pushed out and
jump to the ground. The guards
turn their pistols on the watch
ing women and order them back.
Now 140 of the prisoners are
standing huddled, their eyes blink
ing the bright sun. The car was
meant for only 48. Some Travelled
a week on this jail car circuit,
whose regular scheduled run
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Political Prisoners

How many "politicals" there are
In the Soviet Union is anyone's
guess. Amnesty says they run into
hundreds of thousands, perhaps
one or two million. Prison Stats
tics are secret in Eastern Europe
and in Russia more so.
The black railroad cars visit
almost any station behind the
Iron Curtain, east of Vienna. Peo-
pie have learned to know them
and when they meet one, they
turn their eyes away. It's better
not to show your knowledge.
Day after day people come to
try to catch a glimpse of a rela-
tive snatched up by the militia,
weeks, months or perhaps years
ago: People rounded up in the
middle Of the night and taken
away in their pajamas :.
grabbed from the street curb in
summer clothes and bundled into
a jeep invited to their local
militia precinct Ito make a state
ment" and never heard of since.
The station springs to life. Six
blue-clad men of the militia
the Communist police turn up,
heavily armed with ''balalaikas."
People call their machine pistols
balalaikas after the long -necked
Russian guitar. They've come to
escort the prisoners to the local
Jail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
he Countless Thousands Inside Red Political Prisons

Immediately began to build an
other.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

three to seven days - uninter-
rupted walk in the cellar or ones
cell from which all furniture had
been removed.
Evening star., 1963-01-25

TAX. PIX, 7IO6 HOLLY AVE.
Newly redecorated 1-bedrm. apt. in
shopping. Liv. rm., bedrm'. Kit,
and pvt, bath. Laundry facii. free
to tenants. Avail. immed. $50 80
per mo. WILLARD PROPERTIES,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-24
Hiking Clubs

WANDERBIRDs - Sunday. double
ana Jeremy's Run. Shenandoah Ma.
at iO' Elk WSliow later The iO-mile hike
begins with q climb over Neighoor
Mountain and then the descent 70
Jersmys Run Trail i iplloy B,sri. 5 SI.s
An optional hike Of 8 miles takes the
Appalachian Trail from Beahm's Gap
10 Elk Wallow. Leaders are Robert A,
McAra and JEANNE Allen. The picnic
supper follows the Jeremy,s Run hike
and there will be games at the picnic
ear for early returness. R R,eservsstt,onnSs
T Thur az "a 44OSV Lee HighWay, Apart.
ment 400, Arlington 7, Va or phone
Twelfth street and New York avenue
NV. at 8 am. Fare. -, including
NC SENTER-sunday, .NeiEhbor Noun.
NaOn nq PARK 1ffe%S H HIKE sRSnf Se sp
proximsteiy s miles crossing and re-.
crossing streams In a picturesque set
ting. Leader, Nal Bernhard Reser-
yations, Bernice Lane, O4N-7702 Meet
AZ Jewish Community Center at am,
SctfAPifxI-sunday, Gettysburg Bat.
Ss sfef RuS tss ;hg oq bs Of cone me
G ast t tour free time viii Be given Tor Tor
visits 10 the National Cemetery. the
cyclorama or the Electric Battle Map
Nominal admission charges for both OF
latter. Bring lunch Leaders, Jack
tions with Fenton AZ 64e-324l before
S 9S9 sst iTs Hsrstef e S fsys
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-24
Mantle Petitions
To Save $37,605
In Income Tax

Mickey Mantle has asked the
Internal Revenue Service to
reconsider its decision that he
owes S37,605.39 more in 1857
taxes.
In a petition filed with the
service September 10, the
Yankee outfielder asked for a
REORGANIZATION Of the def
cheney set June 26 Of this year,
Nantes lawyer said the IRIS
enormously included $52,500 as
taxable income because Mantle
received $4,000 shares of stock
in the Mickey Mantle motel
corp. on January 26. 1857.
The service said the market
value Of the stock was $3.50 a
share on the date of issue,
Mantle said it had no market
value at the time Of its receipt
Mantle asked for trial on
his petition in Oklahoma City
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-24
Illegal Batting Of Doves
CoIIedWorstin 10Yeors

Illegal batting of doves is the
worst In Maryland in 10 years,
Charles H. Milton, jr., the
States chief game warden, says.
State game wardens have
made SO arrests for shooting
over baited areas since the sea-
son opened September IL and
the Federal wardens have made
even more, he said.
There Is no reason for this,
there are 80 many ways to
shoot birds legally and the sup
ply has been abundant this
year." he declared.
Milton said approximately
half Of the arrests by Mary
land wardens have been in
Anne Arundel County. one Of
the three leading shooting areas
in the State thus far. Other
big shoots have been held in
Kent and Queen Annes Coun-
ties.
Milton said numerous but
smaller shoots have brought
good bags Of doves in Caro-
line, Talbot, Baltimore, Cecil
and Howard Counties.
When shooting legally, hunt
ers have been averaging about
6 doves each and a lot Of them
have bagged the full legal limit
Of 10, the chief game warden
said.
Milton said wardens are I'M
able to close to hunting any
farms where wheat or other
bait has been artificially scat
tered to attract birds. But
they are warning hunters that
they will be arrested, and even
rearrested, for shooting over
such areas before the grain has
been covered or removed.
Conviction can bring a fine
Of $25 to 500 with additional
fines Of S. per bird in the dis
erection Of the magistrate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-24
Archers Bog
10 Deer in
4-Doy Span

The first four days Of the
Archer's deer season saw 10
killed, the Maryland Depart
ment of Game and Inland
Fish reported in Annapolis.
In reporting the figures the
department said the kills over
that period were from 10 coun-
ties. There were none In Is
other counties.
Three kills each were re-
ported from Washington,
Charles and Dorchester coun-
ties. two each from Frederick,
Baltimore and Queen Annes
counties, and one each from
Garrett, Cecil, Hartford and
Worcester counties.
Deer may be taken by bow
and arrow through october 4
and then again from November
/ through November IA in Gar
rett. Allegany and Washing
ton Counties.
The season runs until De-
cember "a, except during the
firearms season December s.
Ia in Frederick, Carroll, How
ard, Montgomery, Anne Arun-
del. Prince Georges, Calvert
Charles, Baltimore, Hartford
Cecil. Kent. Queen Annes, Car,
oline and Talbot Counties.
1t runs until December "a II
st. Marys, Dorchester, Wicom
leo, Somerset and Worcester
Counties except for a specia
three-day period from Novem
Der TO and the regular fire
arms season December 5-l4.
Charles S. Milton, jr., chic
game warden, said hunters ar,
reminded that 1t is unlawful Il
remove the head. hide or an.
part Of the deer. except inter
nal organs, or to cut the mea
into parts until the deer ha
been weighed and checked at
state checking station.
These official stations ar
listed in the 1868 Marylan,
Hunters Guide published b
the department.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-24
CHAIN GETTING SCARCE
Ragmop Has Fishermen
Angling for Position

Imid-C h esapeake Bay area
north to Maine and south to
the Virginia Capes.
These things are handmade,
you know. When the demand
started we dded 10 extra girls
in an effort to keep up with
orders pouring in by telephone,
telegram and mail.
But now We are h vim g
trouble getting enough material
to keep up with the demand.
It's hard to get enough chain.
We have run out of nylon at
times and this week end we are
even running out Of hooks"
Accetta said he made his
first version Of the Ragmop as
a bluefish lure is years ago
when 1t was thought blues in
his area fed mostly on eel. He
had good success with 1t but
didn't try to make the lure
commercially because it too k
him half-an-hour. to produce
one. 1t wasn't feasible to try to
market q lure that cost that
much in labor to produce.
He then discovered that
bluefish around the Florida
Coast were feeding on sand
worms and he brought out a
lure he called the Jiget Eel that
resembled these creatures. This
took over as his top bluefish
lure and the Ragmop was more
or less forgotten.
But three years ago, he re-
lated, he found a method that
permitted him to cut the time
needed to make the Super Rag