davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28

the regular Saturday Morning
Children's Program. The Jun
ior Choir will rehearse between
1890 and II a. m.
Sunday is designated as
Pledge Sunday, and everyone is
asked to attend church and
bring his pledge card with
him.
The Morning Worship Serv-
ice is at IL under the leader
ship Of the Rev. Blair Benner
and the Rev. Daniel J. Zeh-
nal. The Senior Hi BYF will
meet at the Parsonage, 1894
Rosemont rd., at z p. m.
"The Meal in the Upper
Room" will again be observed
by members Of the Woman's
Society Wednesday. Everyone
is asked to meet at 6 p. m. for
announcements and instruc-
tions and the meal and com.
munion will be served in 81
lence at $3.50 p. m.
The ladies Of the Baptist
Home Of Ohio from Chestnut
Hills dr., will be guests Of the
Philathea Class and the Latta
Class at this special event.
Everyone is urged to save
Sunday evening, April 7th for
the "Seven Last Words" to be
presented by the choir Of the
East Cleveland Baptist Church
at 8 p. m.
Recollection For
Guild Members
St. Philomena Guild Mem
bers are having . Day Of Re-
collection at St. Philomena's
Church Sunday from 2 to q
p. m.
The Rev. John j. McCaffrey,
Spiritual Director Of St. Mary's
Seminary will be the speaker.
All ladies Of the parish are in
vited to attend and all are
urged to extend this invitation
to their friends.
Refreshments will be served
in the Annex after the close
of the services.
First Friends
Continue Series
In the First Friends Church
at the corner of Superior ave.
and Melbourne rd., the pastor
is continuing the series of Sun
day morning messages on "The
Cross of Christ"
The sermon for next Sunday
at 10:45 will be on "The Cross
in Christian Experience"
In the evening services at
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28

Into Our Obligations" which
will deal with the life and min
istry of the German Philoso-
|pher, Bonhoeffer, who was liqui-
dated by Hitler during World
War II.
Mr.. C. o. McGraw of the
Commission on Membership and
Evangelism will act az chair
man.
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28

Deaconesses
Meet Tonight
The Deaconesses of the Win.
dermere Presbyterian Church
will meet in the Church Parloi
this evening at 7:30.
Next Tuesday at 1880 p. m.
the Music Committee will meet
in the Church Parlor.
The Evening Study Circle
which has recently been formed
at the church, will meet at the
home of Mrs. Arnold Gunval.
sen, at 8 p. m. Wednesday. All
women of the church are wei.
come, particularly those who
are unable to attend daytime
meetings of the Women's AS
sociation.
The Womens Bible Class
will hold its social and business
meeting in the Church Parlor,
Thursday, April 9TH. Dessert
will be served at p. m. by
hostesses Mrs. w. Witherup,
Mrs. William j. s. Stroud, Mrs.
Helen Cyphers and Mrs. Burt
Guthrie.
Following the refreshment
period, Mrs. b. w. Gebhart,
class president, will conduct
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28
Booth Women
Meet tuesday

The Women's Auxiliary of
Booth Memorial Hospital will
hold q special luncheon at the
hospital-1881 Torbenson dr.,
Tuesday at 1880 p. m.
Theme Of the affair is
Luncheon il Served" Instruc-
tions will be given on prepar-
ing foods. Door prizes and
other special prizes will be
awarded.
The event is open to the
public. Admission is $1.26. Res
ervations may be made by call
ing Booth Memorial Hospital:
~. 6-4100 or EV. 2-6122.
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28
Writer'S Meet

The Writer'S Club of Cleve
land College will meet at Hig.
bees Tenth Floor Lounge Sat.
urday, April 9th at 2 p. m.
The program will consist o1
the reading Of the second prize
Juvenile from the June Con.
test. There will also be a panel
discussion on the subject OF
"The Adult Approach to Ju-
veniles."
The moderator will be Bev
Shepard Mayer.
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28
CHURCH NEWS

the business Of the day, after
which the program for the
afternoon will be enjoyed by
the group. All women are cor.
daily invited and urged to
share in this afternoon of fel-
lowship.
The theme on which the Rev,
Mr.. o. C. Sappenfield will
preach on Sunday morning is
Waltz, one of series from
Words Around the Cross"
The study theme, "The
Church and Persons of Special
Need" will be completed this
Sunday evening, with the fifth
and last Family Night at the
church.
A pot luck supper will be
served in the dining room at
6, and this will be followed
with q program of sharing and
evaluation. The Primary and
Junior groups will contribute
from their studies, and the
Junior Highs will lead in wor-
ship and serve in the kitchen.
The Senior High Fellowship
will attend q Youth Presby-
terry Area Rally Sunday after
noon, at the First Presbyterian
Church Of East Cleveland.
Transportation will be provid-
ed from the church at 8 p. m.
Lenten Sermon
For Methodists
Sunday morning, March 31st,
at Windermere NJ e h o d S t
Church, Holyoke and Euclid
ave., at 10:45 a. m, Rev. David
r. Newell, assistant Pastor,
will speak on the subject BE
hold the Lamb Of Cod"
A Bake Sale will be held at
the Farmers Market on Colt
rd. by the Junior Youth Group
of Windermere Church Satur-
day from z a. m. to IL D. m.
Play Concludes
Lenten Services
Climaxing a series Of six
special mid-week Lenten serv-
ices, the East Cleveland Con-
gregational Church next We'd
nesday evening at 7:30 will
present "Christ in the Concrete
City" a religious play staged
by members of the South Hav-
en- United Church of Christ fo
Bedford, o.
The final program, sponsor
ed by the Board of Christian
Education, is open to the
Next Monday evening, two
circles will hold monthly meet
ings. Circle Z will meet at the
home Of Sheila Kramer, 4123
Princeton ave., at 8 p. m.
Cloris Poots and Carolyn Mil
thaler will be the Bible dis
cussion leaders. Circle s will
get together at the home of
its chairman, Jeanette Quer-
in, 380S Bridgeview I'd. Rachel
Fagerburg will conduct the de-
votions, and Althea Griffin,
the remainder Of the program.
Children Program
Is Saturday
Children Of Primary and
Junior Age will meet again
Saturday morning between
$50 and 1880 at the East
Cleveland Baptist Church for
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28

7:30, the messages are charac.
ter studies of friends Of Jesus
Faces Seen in the Light of the
Cross" For next Sunday, the
person in view is "Judas, the
False Friend"
Sunday School each Sunday
at $3.50 a. m. Youth Groups
meet at $3.50 p. m. In the mid
week service, Wednesday al
1880 p m. the Book of Revela-
tion is being studied.
Women TO
See Film
The Lutheran Church Wo.
men of St. James Lutheran
Church will meet Tuesday at
g p. m.
The meeting will be held in
Shaffer Hall, 1924 Hayden ave.
A film "On the Rim Of Sor-
row." will be shown.
There will be q discussion
on the film conducted by Miss
Mary Ann Herman, parish
worker Of St. James.
.
Final Lenten
Service Set
The final Lenten service at
Windermere Methodist Church
will be Wednesday in Fellow
ship Hall.
Chaplain Edgar B. Moore of
Baldwin-Wallace College has
chosen the subject, Inquiry
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1963-03-28

DEAR VIC: Please check the
Business Directory in the paper
this week. Charley tells me
that's the best way to get q
man to fix our furance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
By MERRELL WHITTLESEY
Star Staff Writer

BOSTON, June IL. - The
Senators have reason to be-
lieve they have their pitching
Strengthened out after the re-
cent performances Of Jim Duck
worth and Claude Osteen, but
now nobody on the club is hit
ting.
The team opens 1t longest
road trip of the season with a
night game here against the
Red Sox tonight and will be
on the road 16 days for 10
games. The Senator's finally re-
turn home June 20 for a twi-
night double-heade with the
Twins.
The team batting average
dropped to a seasons low of
.222 after Senator /batters
were held to eight hits in
the double-header with the
Yankees Monday night. The
Nets are the only major
league team trailing the Sena-
tors in team batting.
Infielder Marv Breeding is the
only player on the squad hit
ting over .275. and he is only
a Semi-regular. Breeding is
hitting. 200 but has only eight
runs batted in.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
By the Associated Preas

If Don Drysdale has night
mares. Willie McCovey prob
ably plays the villains role.
Since he came up with the
Giants, in 1859, the San Fran
cisco strongboy has made life
miserable for the Dodger right
handler. and he was up to his
old tricks again last night.
McCovey tagged Drysdale for
a three-run homer that gave
the Giants a 80 victory over
the Dodgers at Los Angeles and
dropped the Dodgers out Of the
National League lead.
McCovey now has tagged
Drysdale for eight homers, four
doubles, one triple and a covey
of singles since he joined the
Giants. The slugging outfielder
is 21-for-46-.457 average
since SO against Drysdale. a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Senators Pow
$4,000 for
College Star

The Senators have taken a
step toward solving their
chronic third base problem by
signing Frank Garrett, a g.
foot-2. i90-pounder from
Grambling College In Louisi-
ana.
The Washington club shelled
out an estimated $50. 900 TO get
Garrett, who has been secuted
extensively by Harry Strohm
and Jack Braithwaite over the
last three years.
Walter Brock, assistant 10
General Manager George Sell
kirk, signed Garrett yesterday
in New Orleans. The 2l-year-
old, who batted .428 this sea-
son. had been secuted by Bucky
Harris during the recent NAIA
small college tournament at st.
Joseph, Mo.
The new addition will report
TO the Senators Peninsula club
in the Carolina League Friday.
Manager Archie Wilson has
orders 10 keep him at third
base. a position which has
plagued the parent club for
the last three years.
Garrett hit IL homers and
batted In 43 runs this season
as Grambling went 10 the finals
OF the NAIA before losing. He
played four years Of varsity
ball. hitting 200. 1851 and .3i4
before this season.
Garnett made the Email coll
lege All-America this year and
was a three-time choice for the
Southwestern Athletic Confer
ence all-star team.
II was ole OF the highest
bonuses paid by the club since
II came into existence three
years ago. Others who re-
portedly received larger boz
muses. were Ed Brinkman, Ron
Stillwell and Roy Heiser.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12

Wilkinson Has Markings
Of Big-Time Bureoucrot

BY THE NORMAL RULES Of seniority,
Bud Wilkinson is regarded as a tender
foot in Federal employment, but he's per-
forming like seasoned Eagle Scout. After
only two years on the United States payroll
on per-diem basis, wilkinson already has
conducted Nationwide survey.
In the eyes Of the Government, this
makes him a true-blue Organization Man
who bears watching. Any new Federal
wage-earner who in two years can bring
off a mere study, let alone anything as
grandiose as a survey, has the makings of
big-time bureaucrat.
Thousands Of Federal workers who
have been on the job for years are unable
to claim single interoffice memo for their
efforts. But wilkinson obviously is Of a
different stock. In a couple Of weeks he will
have The findings of his first survey.
It will tell him how he's doing in his
Job as special consultant to the Presidents
Council on Physical Fitness. Naturally the
Oklahoma football coach eagerly awaits the
results Of his program TO make young
America pushup-prone.
Before the big report is dissected and
finalized, Bud already can count on an
intramural victory. His aide-de-camp in the
physical fitness office, Dick snider, is not
only knee deep in the study Of deep knee
bends but is executing them, too.
THIS MIGHT NOT BE as important to
some as an Oklahoma football victory over
Texas or Notre Dame, but 10 wilkinson 1t
represents the Rose Bowl Of his persuasive
powers as physical fitness evangelist.
snlder Is former newspaperman who
Joined up when Wilkinson became the Vic
fanny OF the Kennedy administration. To
compound his professional felony, Snider
also was former sports writer.
In the sports-writing business the only
characteristic trait is vocal exercise. There
fore the conversion OF Snider Is regarded
by Wilkinson as real step In getting his
program moving, From now on, with q
sports writer In the bag, the rest OF the way
for wilkinson should be pushover, which
Is not as difficult as a pushup, but equally
acceptable.
Except for an occasional round OF gin
rummy and dialing telephone, two exer-
cises snider regarded as beneficial TO tone
his finger muscles, Dick was as sedentary
as the rest OF us.
II started taking exercises out OF q
sense Of loyalty 10 my new Job" he said,
with the same enthusiasm q restaurateur
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Lock Mystery

Don Lock continues to rank
as one of the mystery men of
the game. After his splendid
20-for-40 streak over q 10-game
period, he now has only one
hit in his last 10 times at bat,
and eight of the outs have been
on strikeouts.
The Senator'S last three
victories have been by 10, 81
and 10 scores. In their last six
games they have scored /, 3,
/, /, 2, and l run, which doesn't
give a pitcher much margin for
error.
When Manager Gil Hodges
looks to his bench there is
nothing to indicate any hitting
support there. General Man.
ager George Selkirk has a
vacancy on the roster and
hopes to make a deal before
Saturdays trading deadline,
But the question is: Who does
he have to offer, other than
non-expendables?
After two games here, the
Senators virtually take up sum.
mer residence in Cleveland
where they play six games IL
-four days-a twi-night double,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12

Francis Siam Is on vacation. His col
um will be resumed In mid-July.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
BY MORRIS sIEcEL

who eats his own food to prove 1t is not as
harmful as suspected
Nov actually enjoy it," Snider added.
So
BUD is OPTIMISTIC that the results
of his first survey will show that young
America is finding side-straddle hops, leap
frog, knee bends, breathing exercises and
other forms Of bodybuilding violence fin
ger-licking good as a regular diet.
The next project is to interest adult
Americans. wilkinson, eternally optimistic,
except during football season, thinks the
drive will result In a touchdown here, too.
The physical-fitness idea originally was
sounded by President Kennedy, before his
celebrated back injury, Of course.
The injury has not dissuaded the Pres
ident because Bud still is on the job ped
ding calisthenics. The thought behind the
program, wilkinson explained, Is that a
human being performs better when he is
physically fit.
Apparently this assumption is confined
to America Certainly Brendan Behan, the
noted Irish non-conformist, poses a seri-
Gus roadblock to any thoughts Of broaden
ing the program to an international scope.
AUTONATION AND TECHNOLOGY
: have made us Nation Of robots, the phys
ical culturists contend. wilkinson agrees.
About the only thing we can't do auto
matically any longer is breathe" he said
somberly indicating there is no hope Of
having that done anytime soon.
AS Bud discoursed 1t was noted he was
drinking beer. Was this not in violation
OF the physical-fitness code?'
"of course not" he smiled. I'VE are
not against smoking or drinking. What we
ask when you go to bar or have drink
at home Is to ask yourself: Have earned
the right 10 have this drink?'"
This could produce a new breed OF
bartenders, Jack LaLanne graduates ca
pable Of giving calisthenics as well as mix
ing shaker OF martins for conscience
stricken physical culturists.
II recalls the struggles Of a new convert
10 Athletics Anonymous. At 4 am he was
seized with a compelling urge TO play
tennis. Unable TO contain himself, he called
a fellow A. A. To come Immediately TO his
rescue.
The two sat up and drank bourbon
until the urge TO play tennis had been
overcome.
Francis Siam II on vacation. His col
s.,fll he In N,,I.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
HOMER KNOCKS l. A. FROM LEAD
McCovey Still Has Drysda|e's Number

ing a 12-hit Reds attack that
got the job done against the
Nets. Jerry Harper also hon.
cred for Cincinnati. Jim Ma
loney, who struck out IL in
eight innings, needed Jim
Owens ninth-inning relief
help to get his ninth victory
against two defeats.
The Braves scored in the
top of the 10th when Mack
Jones stol his fourth base of
the game Ind came home on
Roy McMillan's third run-scor-
ing single. But the Phillies
came up with two in their half
on a triple by John Callison
and singles by Don Demeter
Roy Sievers and Clay Dial.
rymple.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Bennett Gets OK
To Pitch Again

PHILADELPHIA, June IL
(AP) Dennis Bennett. prom
Using Phillies' lefthander who
suffered a broken left ankle
January Z in an auto accident,
was given the go-ahead by
doctors yesterday to start Pitch
ing again.
Medically he has been given
the green light" Manager
Gene Mauch said, but, base
ball-wise. we may have to wait
a little longer"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Home Run Barraqe
Keeps Tribe Rolling

before finally mailing down
their victory over the White
Sox, with Bernie Aliens double
In the ninth inning deciding it.
Rich Rollins was hit by one
OF Hoyt .Wilhelm's pitches, was
sacrificed to second and rode
in on Aliens hit. Jim Halls
pinch single sent in an insur-
ance run. Wilhelm took his
fifth loss in six decisions.
Bill Daley won his first in
relief even though his string
of scoreless innings ended at
10 when Dave Nicholson hit his
18th homer in the eighth. Zoilo
Versailles collected four of
Minnesota's Is hits.
ScOreless Streak
Radatz limited the Tigers to
three hits in 82s innings and
extended his streak Of shutout
innings to 81 in a relief pitch
ing duel with Terry Fox. The
Red Sox finally got to Fox In
the 18th when Malone hom-
cred otter Chuck Schilling
reached base on an error. Carl
Yastrzemski then walked and
Stuart followed with another
homer.
Radatz, who replaced VIII
bur Wood in the seventh, struck
out 11-giving him IS in 40
innings - lowered his earned
run average to 0.92 and ran
his record to sci. Fox, 3-3,
allowed just two hits in seven
innings gefore the explosion in
the 18th.
Diego Segui, starting for the
AS for the first time in seven
weeks, threw a hitter in
beating the Angels. The Ath-
letics routed Dean Chance in
their four-run fourth inning,
sending 10 men to the plate.
George Alusik capped it with a.
pinch single that chased in two
runners.
Segui earned his first victory
after two defeats. while Chance
is So.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12

Bill Mazeroski and Jerry
Lynch's double. Gibson stopped
them the rest Of the way.
The Cubs tied the Colts, 90,
in the ninth on Dick Bertell's
triple and Don Landrum's
single. Then, in the 10th, Hal
Woodeshick. the winner in re-
lief, got the Colts started with
a single. The Chicago reliever,
Indy Mcdaniel, then commit
ted on error on Ernie Fazio's
bunt and Brock Davis was in
tentionally walked. Aspromonte
followed with his grand slam.
Mcdaniel now is Az, Woode-
shick So.
Vada Pinson collected q
homer. double and single, lead
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Hitting Big Worry as Senators Go on Road
Stenhouse to HurL
Against Red Sox

header Friday night, an after
noon game Saturday. double
header Sunday and night
game Monday. One of the
Cleveland dates is for a make
up game. The club then travels
to New York for three mid
week games.
Next on the road agenda are
four single games at Los An
geles, representing the Sena-
tors longest stay in that city
since expansion. The club stops
off in Kansas City for three
games on the way home.
Dave Stenhouse, who beat the
Red Sox, 2-1, last week. win
face them tonight, opposing
Bill Monbouguette. Duckworth
will pitch tomorrow afternoon.
New Rotation
Osteen's six-hit, shutout Job
over the Yankees has rewon
him a place in the starting
rotation, probably at the ex-
pense of Don Rudolph, who
hasn't won a game since May 8
Rudy may drop back to spot
starts and relief jobs when q
southpaw is needed.
The new four starter rota-
ton probably will consist of
Tom Cheney, OSteen, Duck
worth and Stenhouse, with
Rudolph and Bonnie Daniels
also available.
With only 7la games separat-
ing the first and ninth place
teams, and the Senators slip
ping further behind, the club
cannot afford to do much ex-
perimenting on this trip. If the
Senators continue to play at
nothing better than a 1888 pace,
some of their young talent may
be brought up after they re-
turn home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
BY the Associated Press

Birdie Tebbets was whis-
Ting the blues not so very long
ago, but his red-hot Indians
may make him change his tune.
The reason is simple. BRIDES
Indians are making the hottest
music In the American League,
They made it five victories
in a row last night with a
home-run barrage that routed
the Orioles. 9-5.
The Indians. next to last in
the standings and 9l5 games
behind just 10 days ago, now
have won eight Of their last
10 and climbed to seventh, five
games off the pace.
Meanwhile the fading Orioles
have dropped 10 of IL and
fallen from first to third.
They're a game behind the
White Sox. who were trimmed,
8-6, by the Twins, and eight
percentage points behind the
Yankees, who were idle.
Red SOx Explode
In other AL action, 18TH
inning homers by Frank NAL
zone and Dick Stuart and an
other superb relief job by Dick
Radatz carried Boston over
Detroit, 7-3, and Kansas City
beat Los Angeles, So. The
Senator'S and Yanks were idle.
AL Luplow, Fred Whitfield
and Dick Howser socked hon.
ers off Robin Roberts, and Will
lie Kirkland connected with
two on against Yves Stock in
the Indians four-run seventh
inning.
Mudcat Grant yielded a two
run homer to AL Smith in Bal
timore's eighth, and then was
lifted in q rhubarb-ridden
ninth. With one run in and
the bases loaded. Bob Allen
came on In relief and pitched
two balls to Jim Gentle.
Calls in Abernathy
Tebbetts then called in Ted
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS the rule
that says q reliever must fin
ish pitching to at least one man
and Manager Billy Hitch
cock Of the Orioles protested
Allen was recalled. He
walked Gentle and forced in 9
run before Abernathy got the
last out. Grant is AS and SC
is Roberts, who was bombed
for three doubles and q triple
in addition TO the three homers
The Twins blew three leads
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Cards in First

Inc CdrQlnalS, so-l VlcCOfS
over the Pirates on Bob Glib
sons pitching and batting, are
sitting on top of the standings,
one game in front of the two
West Coast rivals.
In other MI games, Houston
belted Chicago. 81. on Bob
Aspromo nte's 10th-inning
grand-slam homer, Cincinnati
whipped New York, 8-3, and
Philadelphia outlasted Milwau-
kee, 81. in 10 innings.
Marichai got the Giants out
burst started with a sixth-in-
ming single Chuck Hitler hunted
him along. and then Felipe Alou
followed with a single that got
Marichal to third. McCovey let
him walk home hitting his 18th
homer Of the season and
wrapping up a sweep Of the
two-game series. The Giants
had lost seven in a row going
into the meeting at Los An
geles.
Mcdaniel Takes Loss
Gibson, SIS, checked the
Pirates on six hits and drove
in the run that snapped a IL
tie with a single in the sixth
inning following Julian ia
vier's double. Bill White had
given the Cards a 10 lead in
the first with his 10th homer,
off Don Schwall. ga. but the
Pirates tied it in their half on
walks to Roberto Clemente and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12
Sports on Air

TELEvISION
Baseball
Senators at Boston, WTOP-
Q, 8 pm.
RADIO
Baseball
Senators at Boston, WTOP-
1900. 8 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-12

25-game winner last year but
begged down at TT this season.
McCovey's homer provided
more than enough margin for
Juan Marichsl. who posted his
first shutout Of the season and
brought his record to SO with
a seven-hitter. The victory left
the up-and-down Giants only
.002 points behind the second
place Dodgers.