Evening star., 1963-04-10
Part I
Order Between Men

!Eirst Of all, 1t is necessary to
speak Of the order which should
exist between men. Any hu-
man society, If 1t is to be well
ordered and productive, must
lay down as a foundation this
principle, namely, that every
human being is a person, that
is, his nature is endowed with
intelligence and free will. BY
virtue Of this, he has rights
and duties Of his own, flow
ing directly and simultaneously
from his very nature, which
are therefore universal, inviol-
able and inalienable. =.
Beginning our discussion of
the rights Of man, we see that
every man has the right to
life, to bodily integrity, and to
the means which are necessary
and suitable for the proper de-
velopment. of life; these are
primarily food, clothing, shell
ter. rest. medical care. and
finally the necessary social
services. Therefore q human
being also has the right to
security in cases Of sickness,
inability to work, widowhood.
old age, unemployment, or in
any other case in which he is
deprived of the means Of SUBJ
sistence through no fault OF
his own. -.
Every human being has the
right to honor God according
to the dictates Of an upright
conscience, and therefore the
right to worship God privately
and publicly. go.
Family Is Basic TO Society
The family, founded on mar
riage freely contracted, monog-
amous and indisSoluble. is and
must be considered the first
and essential cell Of human
society. To it must be given
every consideration Of an eco
romic, social, cultural and
moral nature which will
strengthen its stability and
facilitate the fulfillment of It's
specific mission.
, Parents. however, have q
prior right in the support and
education Of their children.
Human beings have the natu-
raj right to free initiative in
the economic field, and the
right to work.
Indissolubly linked with those
rights is the right to working
conditions in which physical
health is not endangered
morals are safeguarded. anc
young peoples normal develop
ment is not impaired. Womer
have the right to working con-
ditions in accordance will
their requirements and theil
duties as wives and mothers.
Every human being has thu
right to freedom Of movement
and Of residence within th'
confines Of his own countr.
and, when there are just rea'
sons for it. the right to emf
crate to other countries and
take up residence there. 1h'
fact that one is a citizen Of {
particular state does not de-
tract in any way from hi
membership of the human
family as a whole, nor from
his citizenship OF the woriC
community. -.
Rights Connect to Duties
The natural rights will
which we have been dealing
are, however, inseparably con
nected, in the very person wit
Is their subject, with just a
many respective duties: ant
/ rights as we'll as duties flint
their source, their sustenanct
and their inviolability in tn
natural law which grants o
enjoins them.
For example, the right o
every man TO life is correla
tive with the duty to preserv
it: his right TO a decent stand
ard Of living with the duty o
living 1t becomingly: and hi
right to investigate the trutl
freely with the duty Of seekin
1t and OF possessing 1t eve
more completely and pro
foundly ...
Our age has three distinctiv
characteristics.
First Of all, the workinI
classes have gradually game
ground in economic and publ
affairs. They began by claim
ing their rights in the Socio
economic level, and finally Gp
piled themselves TO the acqui
Sition Of benefits Of a more re
fined culture. Today, there
fore. workers all over the wor'
refuse TO be treated as II the
we're irrational objects withor
freedom to be used at the al
bitrary disposition Of others. .
Sees More Free Nations
Finally. the modern worl'
as compared with the recer
past. has taken on All entireI
new appearance in the field
social and political life. Fl
since all nations have eth;
achieved or are on the way
achieving independence thei
will soon no longer exist
world divided into nations thi
rule others and nations th'
are subject 10 others.
Men all over the world ha'
today or will soon hsye--th
rank Of citizens In independei
nations. No one wants 70 fe
subject TO political powers i
Gated outside his own countl
- Nk..t.aI uea,tfa