davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-11

to keep operating for the next
seven months.
Requests for additional funds
for the next fiscal year already
have been turned in to the
Federal Bureau Of the Budget.
But it will not be known till
next month whether President
johnson will request operating
funds for the agency.
No immediate action con-
corning the agency is expected
by the House District Commit
tee. according to Representative
Whitener, Democrat Of North
Carolina. MI. Whitener was
chairman of the District sub
committee which held hearings
on the transit legislation and
led the debate for the bill on
the House floor.
We'll take a good serious
look" at the question of what
action is next for the trans
portation agency. Mr.. Whitener
promised. He indicated little
support for a recommendation
made yesterday by Walter
Tobriner. president of the Dis
trict Board of Commissioners.
Mr.. Tobriner called for a presi-
dental commission to restudy
transit problems and to CO.
ordinate the agency and its
foes.
representative Harsha
Republican of Ohio and anoth.
er opponent of the proposal
also indicated that proposals
for more study were practical.
The Senate might pass a bill
and thus keep the proposal
alive. or the House District
Committee might reconsider
and order out a different transit
proposal, Mr.. Harsha said.
Considerable changes
would have to be made in the
transit proposals, and 81 don't
think. anything could be done
until next year." he said.
Opponents Strong
A look at the record of those
who voted shows some impress
sive strength among the transit
opponents.
OF 81 members Of the House
District Committee voting, only
a bare majority Of II voted in
favor Of the transit proposal
and against the recommittal.
Every Democrat and Repub-
lican member Of the key Dis.
trict appropriations subcommit-
tee was present, voting for the
recommittal.
The appropriations subcom.
mittee for the Interior Depart
ment and related agencies
which decides on appropria-
tons for the transportation
agency, turned out to vote. Re.
preventative Kirwin, the in.
fluential chairman of the sub.
committee. voted for the re-
committal, along with every
other subcommittee member
present. On both subcommit.
tees, the recommittal vote
crossed party lines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-11
Transit Bill Vote Cited
As Keeping Issue Alive
ByLEE FLOR
star san Writer

The congressional to recommt District transit
egation deliberate to make the transit
kept alive, Representative OKonsk said today.
Mr.. OKonski Republican from Wisconsin. was the Con-
who cataly for the landslide Monday
which buried the legislative proposal for 5000 million
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-11

hHICIl Jul leu lAlC lCslSAdblNC
all transit subway. 1t was he
rho moved that the legislation
e recommitted to the District
Committee. The House voted,
10 to rs. to recommit the leg
Station. move which normal
y Is regarded as a subtle, pol
te way of killing proposal.
IF the bill had been defeat
d, which 1t would have been,
+ would have been dead for at
east 10 years. BY referring 1t
Iack to committee, there is
tine for a real hardcore look at
mother proposal" Mr.. Dixon
XII said.
Must Solve Problems
But yesterday Representa-
i've OKonski compared the
apital area proposal to two
'ther projects the House still
.esents. Noting that the entire
rational transportation pro-
gram stymied in the House
amounts to only 1925 million,
Nr. OKonski told his col
eagues:
yet. we are asked now for
400 million for Just one little
peck on the map of the United
States, namely the District of
Columbia"
II the National Capital
transportation Agency is able
% eliminate some of the prob
ems in the transportation pro-
,osals, such as financing, and
whether private enterprise will
operate any transit system, 81
I'm sure Congress would give it
mother look" Mr.. O'Konski
Iaid.
The legislation and the tram
ut plan was not specific en-
hugh, and there we're too many
questions, he added.
There is mo possibility" for
I subway-rail transit system,
Ind an underground system "is
thing of the past" Mr.. o.
Konski said The agency now
IhouId look for new improve
nents in the transit field, he
laid.
The highway supporters and
D. Roy Chalk, president Of D.
:. Transit system, Inc, were
not factors in the vote for re-
sommital, he said.
The $4OO million price tag
vas a definite factor in the leg
stations recommittal, and any
similar high-cost proposal will
meet similar congressional op-
position, Mr.. O'Konski indicat-
ed.
To Keep Agency Alive
Representative Broyhill
Republican Of Virginia, also
laid the recommittal should
help keep the transportation
agency and its transit plan
alive. Mr.. Broyhill supported
the subway proposal in the
House debate, and voted against
recommittal.
UNLESS something is done
pretty quickly, the justification
for the agency's existence will
terminate" Mr.. Broyhill said.
The House might buy some
alternate proposal" but chan.
ces for an alternate subway
plan look DIM" Mr.. Broyhill
said. One alternate mentioned
by Mr.. Broyhill was for often
mentioned proposals for ex-
press bus service.
The transportation agency is
In a good position to make a
comeback. 1t has a nationally
recruited staff of transit ex-
pertS, with a total agency
strength of around so persons.
Funds Requested
The agency is operating I'M
der appropriations Of 81 mil
lion voted for this fiscal year,
and this gives it enough money
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-11
Funds Requested

The agency is operating un-
der appropriations Of 81 mil
lion voted for this fiscal year
and this gives it enough money
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
MOVING, PACKING, STORAGE
HOUSES FURN. TO RENT

ALEX. -GROvETON-cape Cod. g.
bedrm. brk., gar, cow. TO public
and parochial schools, also bus
Avail. immed.. $3.50 per mo. For
appointment call so. 5-40S4.
s. = Near Columbis
Pike bedrm.. brk.. sep. din. rm.,
rec. rm., washer, fenced yard,
nice cond., $3.50. JE. 3-I229.
ARL., N.-Furn. 2-bedrm. hse., I'd
mo. plus cleo. "a. b-s253.
$500 Wilson lane
AIR-CONDITIONED brick rambler
3 bedrms., 3 baths. large liv. rm.,
cleo. kit. dishwasher, disposal.
beautifully furnished, Wv. car
pstinE: re, rm., garage; trees
sso Adults only no pets. OIL.
CHEVY CHASE, MD. = June is
through Aug. 10. br.s. Conv, TO
transp. Compl. furn. OIL. 4-0023.
CHEVY CHASE-spacious 2 bed
rm,, ga bath home, lovely kit
breakfast porch. enclosed lot,
SSs1or.' 500 300 MRS. sPAuLDINo'
CHEVY Chs bedrms.. 2 baths,
gar. garden. Slg6 to 5000. OIL.
6-ll31. OIL. $3.50. AGENT
CLEVELAND PARK. June. Sept =
s 500 mo. d MRS. RIcKERr EM g.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

MN, uOHDUN, MI WU, U-IH'l
MICHIGAN PARK, NE.
Sli7 mo incl. taxes, Sl,250 down
S-yr. -old Colonial. q rms, fenced
n yard. full bsmt, mod. kit. with
din. area and family-size din,
I'm, EN-. 3-2fO2.
MINNESOTA AVE. AND D ST. Sc,
S Sentence car r@ Tar PICK h S can is ~
bought OIL, FLA, or conventional
$1,000. NEWCOMB JONES
REALTY INC. 10. 2-Of00. Ewes
Mr. McAdams, 10. 2-hOSb.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

SILVER SPRING-Modern, 3-bed-
rm. brick rambler. "a baths, gas
heat fully equipped kit. large
SIZE month. VIII. h-Bls2.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

WITH 2-CAR PARKING Double
all with magnificent chandeliers.
Several wood burning fireplAces,
Rec. rm., maids quarters
JAMES L, DIXON a CO, Realtors
EE A.nnnn EE G.Hnnn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

WHEATON, kENsiNUION SILVER
SPRING ROCKVILLE several .
= and 4 Dedrms homes avail Some
for immediate occupancy, eom'
with option 70 buY. cali or
write, ilin.sf4u MANOVli. l.
REALTY CORP "htB University
blvd west, wheaton, MARYLAND
WHEATON WOODS bedrms., 1
full, . half baths, large rec. fma
finished hsmt, avail July, $40
n4n-251s
WIS. AVE- mr. Maeomb--4 bed.
rms, baths, gar , park spaces
nice eond, S24i. WO' G.GOl0
WOODBRIDGE. VA. - Lovely, y
bedrm, 2.bath rambler, like neVl
incl range, refgr., washer and
dryer, Immediate possession,
SPRINGFIELD REALTY 4bi 5000
wOODRRIDGE-Near ~. Belyolr.
4 rms with acreage and fruit
trees on hard road, Fl. i.9h0h
are CHESAPEAKE ST. NV
Choice location, 81 AIMS Parish
q rms, bath. Avail. now, OEOR0E
I. BoRoER, INC, Ma. s.Os0s,
HOO RHODE ISLAND AVE, NV
~ rms and bath, oil heat, chill
dren welcome Si3S mo Call MR.
NEUMANN, Ma $4,000,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

SILVER SPRING. bedrms.. en-
closed porch In rear Cony loo.
Adults, Si45. Call HE D-2324.
SPRLNGFLELD ID bedrm. rambler,
Dreeseway and garage Rent with
option $3.50. FALLFAX REALTY,
inc b34-Alg1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
KAIORAMA

Corner semi-det. briek-liv. rm.
din. rm., Ia baths, built-in gar
Completely redec.
MURRAY LEVINE ia. g-3l44
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
INTERESTED IN
EDUCATION
ILLINOIS AVE NV,

2OOe Pa. ave. NV. eeS-lbo,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

Rsd sfE sstses.d Af home center
entrance type. y rms. 2 baths,
liy. rm. with fireplace and screened
porch, large master bedrm. with
bath Home-like and attractive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
APIS. UNFURMlsRED-MD.

RIVERDALE-Large l-bedrm. apt.
extras, For rental info. cali uN.
4-4301 or see the resident mgr,
Mr.. Wilke. ANA Ravenwood I'd,
Riverdale, Nd.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

ARL., n, Military I'd, Lorcom lane
custom built brick rambler. COM
plete with carpeting. rec. rm.
rage. $3.50 per mo. with option "a
buy: $l25 per mo. will apply
1901 N. Oakland St. Out Military
I'd. to seth I'd, right one blk. ID
Oakland St. left TO house.
A. NJ, Barr Realty. Inc. IA. 1880
CO.
LONIAL, next to country club
Prestige location for the diserim-
mating client. Air conditioned
Available 3 years, $500 per mo,
Call Ell. 6-5565.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
WEST SPRINGFIELD VIRGINIA

WEST SPRINGFIELD VIRGINIA.
Beautiful 3-bedroom, . y bath
intereom system, facilities for Hi
n hook-up, Lee rec rm, with
built.in toy storage. fireplace. Foy.
er, mud rum, garage, md
fireplace in Nv. rm, Sliding glass
doors from dining I'm onto lovely
free.form patio. Fully equipped
kitchen incl. DishmAster. Laundry
storage rm. with built-in shelves.
Available 1 May, l-yr. lease REQ,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

SPRINGFIELD. VA. chaoice 3
Tarnblera Si35 70 Sis5 per mo.
sPRINdFIELD REALTY 45l-320O
SPRINGFIELD, vA.-Avail. June /,
3-b.r, lia-bath brk. ramb. Sep,
din. rm,. firepl., conyen. loea-
ton. $40 45l-l444
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

YA.-Rent option TO buy. Sos mo.
Cape Cod bedrms, "a baths,
lge. lot, mr.. schools. 434-p2lb.
WEST LANIAM HILLS. Md
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

People who Communists under every are feeling
better The Reds hacked Venezuelan freighter-a clear
case OF Communist under every bunk.
Gov. Nelson Rockfeler's ringing attacks on the New
Frontier be published a campaign Title: Nes
Bells
One New Frontersman gowed with pride after clicking
off 50mie hike until his wife observed that it pity
he couldn't use his head we'll his feet
Attenuation is causing chronological unemployment
among nice fellow has just invented self-smoking
cigarette.
President de Gaue is the engineer of the year CEN
turtles they've tried to shrink the English Channel but with
one press conference, he wdened it into a gulf
Foes Of JFKs plan to curb tax deductions for home
mortgage payments organizing It's case of similar
interest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16

argument is invalid is that
I know Of no instance where
negative restraints the fall
ure to provide a facility the
public wants has been eff
fective in changing peoples
habits. Paris has as complete
a subway network as a city
could hope for. The fare is
a few pennies. Service is fire.
quent, Gasoline is quite ex-
pensive. There are no new
roads, virtually no off-street
parking space, and very lit
tie on-street parking space.
One can get around in Paris
by subway at any time of the
day, and particularly in the
peak hours in a fraction of
the time that 1t takes to
drive. Yet the traffic prob
lem In Paris is increasing
at a frightening rate. Cars
are parked anywhere and ev-
erywhere in the lovely park
like medians Of grand boule.
wards. in the traditional Pc
destrian promenades of the
Champs Elysees, In large
open spaces, whether paved.
as the Place Vendome. or COW
cred with turf. as the for
NAL park in front of Les In
valides. Absence of adequate
automobile facilities does not
inhibit automobile use and
only the politically naive will
say that 1t is merely a ques-
ton Of adequate enforce
ment.
Must Meet Three C's
II we are going to increase
transit use to downtown, we
must provide the kind of
transit which will attract
those people who have a
choice between various modes
OF transport. We must offer
something better = an i'm
provement in one or more Of
the three "C's::" Comfort,
cost and convenience.
My pitch" then, is TO
urge those responsible for de-
veloping our transportation
system to give US the best.
Make our mass transit sys-
tenn so pleasant and so de-
sirable that transit riding Is
once again fashionable. Give
transit a status rating. At
the same time, make our new
freeways an asset to the Ma
TONS Capital. Build not Just
roads, but strips of park.
through which one can travel
pleasantly and safely, and
along side Of which one can
live graciously.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
Tribal Food Ban Hits
Congo; U. S. Hints Aid

LEOPOLDVILLE, The Congo
Feb. 16 (AP) G. Mennen Will
liams, United States Assistant
Secretary of State for African
Affairs, witnessed yesterday the
effects of a month-long food
blockade of Leopoldville. He in
dicated the United States would
help.
AS Mr.. williams looked on,
thousands of hungry Congolese
lined up for a meager ration
of United States surplus dried
beans-one pint per person-to
last two weeks.
Many Leopoldville residents
have little else, because staple
foods from the neighboring
Central Congo province have
been cut off by the blockade.
The Bakongo tribe, which
controls the rich farmlands Of
the province, imposed the food
blockade in protest against the
parliamentary action taking
Leopoldville out Of the tribes
domination and making 1t a
federal capital supposedly de-
void of tribal rivalry. Now,
much Of the capitals food must
come from Europe, and food
prices are soaring.
II don't know how these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
Castro Seeking
To Foil Alliance,
ExiIes Charge

MIAMI. Fla. Feb. l6 ZAP,
Organized exile foes OF Eide
Castro contend the Cuban
Prime Minister is trying 70
counter the United States Al
lance for Progress with an
alliance for revolution"
That was the accusation OF
the Cuban revolutionary coun-
Gil in a statement yesterday
by It's chief. DR.. Jose Miro Car
dona, a onetime Prime Minister
under Mr.. Castro.
There obviously exists q
plan designed TO make Presi-
dent Kennedy's efforts TO at
tain economic recuperation OF
Latin America fail" DR.. Miro
Cardona charged.
Another member Of the revo-
lutionary council asserted that
an international brigade. oper-
ating from Havana. is !ntensi-
flying Communist subversive
activities OF which Mr.. Ken
nedy spoke at this weeks news
conference.
DR.. Manuel Antonio de Va
roma. also a former Cuban
Prime Minister. said the COM
mand rs in charge OF direct
ing military action throughout
the hemisphere
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
Britain Plans
ToSpend More

LONDON, Feb. is (AP).-
The British government IL
going on a spending spree In
the next financial year.
Estimates of government ex-
penditure published yesterday
total f6,l30, 900, 900 or $l7,l80,-
100000 for the fiscal year be-
ginning April 4.
This Is 81 470,000,000 more
than was budgeted for the cur
rent year. The increase
nearly 10 per cents the
biggest boost since the Korean
war.
Defense costs will go up 1854
million to a peacetime record
of $5.330,00 900.
Experts predicted Chancellor
Of the Exchequer Reginald
Maudling will not raise taxes
to cover the increased spend
ing. He will probably reduce
taxes, in fact, in order to stimu-
late consumption and produc-
ton and will borrow to cover
the deficit. they said.
Mr.. Maudling may hope to
recoup some of the deficit by
a bigger tax take-even at re-
duced rates-if the economy
can be stimulated into enough
growth.
Government estimates Of ex-
penditure for the Secret Service
in l963-64 showed the cloak
and dagger organizations will
get f8 million ($22.4 million)
for the fiscal year. This is FL
million ($2.8 million) more
than in the current year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
Western Rift Viewed as Convincing
KhrushcheV on Moo's Tough Line
CONSTANTINE BROWN

munist beachhead In the
Western hemisphere by dip
lomatic means did not meet
with the approval Of the Chi
nese. The reported argu-
ments of the Kremlin boss
that a stubborn attitude
would further consolidate the
free world were not accepted
in Picking.
In recent weeks the West
ern world has made a ridicu-
lous spectacle Of itself. Old
grudges and jealousies came
to the surface. They we're &C
companied by Incorporate
public utterances by all
members Of the Grand Al
lance.
French President de Gaulle
was denounced as q trouble
maker. British Prime Minister
Macmillan was assigned the
humble role Of another
Benes." Instead Of attempting
to straighten out the dispute
between London and Paris,
there was q chorus Of re-
examinations, accusations and
counter-accusations in the
capitals Of the free world.
The usually cool. calculating
British Prime Minister. who
in the past followed the ira
ditional British diplomacy Of
not showing anger. this time
lost his compass. Washington
initiated q virulent vocal
campaign for the support of
mistreated Britain. Even in
West Germany there are
now indications of political
assures. Members Of the
Adenauer cabinet are divided
and are denouncing each
other in public statements.
This spectacle apparently
has convinced Mr.. Khru-
shchev that Mao Tze-tung
may be right and that the
doom of the capitalists may
be nearer than he himself
anticipated. According to re-
liable intelligence the brink
manship" advocated consis-
tently by Mao may still be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
Reuniting Moscow and Picking

the answer to the Communist
ambitions. PresSures on two
or three fronts such as the
Caribbean, Berlin and South
east Asia are in the making.
China. so the word goes from
satellite diplomats in Rome,
is ready to do her part in
India.
It is in this light that the
reconciliation between Mos
COW and Peking is considered
at present. Western diplo-
mats who talked so glibly
about the prospects Of a
Chinese-Russian conflict "in
our lifetime" are reassessing
their judgments.
Once before the free world
and in particular the West
led by the United States
mistook hard words between
Moscow and the Communist
Chinese for the real thing.
Toward the end Of World
War II Stain gave his sup
port to Chang Kai-shek, say
ing he was more stable" than
the Reds. But Stain was
using correct strategy for his
aims; he wanted the Yalta
agreements fulfilled without
delay. He wanted Darien,
Port Arthur and the Man.
churian railway in Soviet
hands and the official pledge
that Formosa was an integral
part Of the China mainland,
at the time ruled by the Kuo-
mintang. But once the war
was over and the documents
tucked away. Stain vigorous
ly supported Mao in taking
over the mainland Of China.
Then recently the West fell
for this rift" between Mos
COW and Peking for a second
time.
So long as it appeared that
the western alliance was
strong. there was an element
Of risk for the Soviets in
their craftsmanship" policies.
But now when the Western
diplomacy has made itself ri
diculous and permitted the
alliance to show all its weak
nesses the time has come for
Moscow and Picking ito make
up" again.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
MAIL POURS IN
Response OverwheIms
OH-HospitoIized Boy

he threw a piece Of wire over
the overhead power lines on
the tracks.
He returned to the hospital
last week for his 18th opera
ton, performed successfully
Thursday. When he was re-
admitted to the hospital he ex-
pressed a wish for mail.
everybody has been so
kind" Mrs. Fortune said to-
day. Woody has been over
whelmed by all the mail, most
Of it from strangers who read
of his return to the hospital
in the paper.
Most of the letters were UNI
signed so we have no way of
thanking people except through
The Star"
Woody will celebrate his 18th
birthday on February 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16
MAIL POURS IN

Ten year old Woody For
tunes appeal from his hospital
bed for mail has produced a
flood of responses.
More than TOO letters, cards
and get-well notes have poured
into Prince Georges General
Hospital at Cheverly, Md, since
the youngster made the request
for mail last week in a story
appearing in The Star.
Woody, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
woodrow Fortune of 6918
Parkwood street, Hyattsville.
has spent most Of his time in
the hospital since last June
when he was nearly killed by
an electric shock while play
ing on railroad tracks near his
home.
The accident occurred when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-16

See Editorial: Highways and
Tronsit."
most modern, rapid transit
system which can be built.
The action plan calls for rs
per cent of all trips to the
downtown planning area in
1880 to be made by mass
transit, In 1850, this per-
centage was So If we are to
achieve this ambitious goal,
we will need the worlds best
transit system. And there is
no good reason we should not
have IL!
We will also need a COM
prehensive highway system,
of equally high standards, in
Guiding a freeway system
with the Inner Loop and Cen
ter Leg freeways. These traf-
fic arteries are at least as
important to downtown, al
though they serve the CEN
trail business area indirectly,
as the rapid transit system.
We frequently hear the ar
gument that If freeways are
built, our downtown will be
flooded with cars; therefore,
to save downtown we should
not build freeways. There are
several reasons why this ar
gument is invalid. First, If
all the automobiles which are
destined for downtown we're,
by magic. removed from the
streets that is, If 100 per
cent Of all downtown trips
were by mass transit, 0 au-
tomobiles out of 10 would
still be on the streetsl Nearly
go per cent of all traffic on
downtown streets today has
neither origin nor destina-
ton in that area, but is Just
passing through. And I refer
here to the daily traffic:
the percentage of peak hour
traffic passing through the
area is substantially higher.
Thus, instead of bringing
automobiles into downtown.
the freeways will help keep
cars out of downtown by pro-
viding a more desirable route
around the area.
Freeway System Related
Second. a good freeway
system, properly designed,
can serve as a high-capacity
rapid transit system, related
to, but independent of, other
transit elements. This re-
quires two things: Completely
separate lanes and ramps
within the freeway right-of-
way for bus operation ex-
clusively, and a bus which
our friends in Detroit talk
about, but have never APP
preached with a practical de-
sign. I mean a bus which is
free Of unpleasant exhaust
fumes, and which can
operate with the efficiency
Of a subway car - stopping
within stations, several doors
opening wide. no high steps,
no change-making problem
for the driver, loading and
unloading in a few seconds,
then moving quickly to the
next station a half a mile
away. This kind Of transit
service is an important ele-
ment Of the action plan.
The third reason why the