davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30

What Is the true function
of the clergyman in the racial
controversy nowadays? Is it
to instigate and lead mon
violent" demonstrations that
may become violent? Is It to
get ones self arrested by the
police for disturbing the peace
in order to dramatic the
grievances of a group in the
community? Or is it to incul-
cate a spirit of human broth
erhood among parishioners
and to help them seek divine
guidance in the relations Of
man TO man?
These questions arise not
only because church groups
of various denominations
have announced that they
will participate in the March
on Washington" on August
%, but because wide publicity
has Just been given to a let
ter written by the Rev. Martin
Luther King, jr., explaining
that the purpose of demon
strations" is Ito bring to the
surface the hidden tension
that is already alive" The
letter, written while he was in
jail recently in Birmingham,
Ala, was in answer to eight
clergymen who, although ex-
pressing sympathy with his
aims, deplored the methods
being used. DR.. King wrote:
You express a great deal
Of anxiety over our willing
ness to break laws. This is
certainly a legitimate con-
Germ. Since we do diligently
urge people to obey the Su-
preme Courts decision Of
1854 outlawing segregation in
the public schools, at first
glance it may seem rather
paradoxical for us consciously
to break laws. One may we'll
ask, How can we advocate
bre aking some laws and
obeying others? The answer
lies in the fact that there are
two types Of laws: just and
unjust.
Nov what is the differ
ence between the two? How
does one determine whether
q law is just or unjust? A
just law is a man-made code
that squares with the moral
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30

Ball learned quickly after the
announcement, Canada de-
ponds heavily upon it's bor-
rowings in New York to off
set its trade deficits and sup
port its own dollar. 1--WE need
your capital to pay our bills
to you" said one Canadian
Succinctly.
They showed that Canada,
despite capital borrowings of
over $500 million a year, has
faced a net loss of dollars in
its dealings with the United
States at an average annual
rate of $3.50 million for the
past three years. This cir
cumstance, plus evidence of
a Canadian effort to bring
domestic interest rates down
to the U. s. level, persuaded
Mr.. Dillon to grant the ex-
emption. His proviso was
that the Canadians under
take to restrict the growth of
their solicitation of invest
ment from this country.
But these considerations
would not apply to Japan,
whose indignation at the tax
springs from an urgent quest
for foreign capital to finance
internal expansion. Japan is
living close to the hilt in
her overall balance of pay
mentS and has conducted a
deficit trade with the United
States in four of the last five
years. But her net dealings
with this country over the
period, as a result of mill
tary expenditures in Japan
and heavy capital borrow
ings, have yielded an average
annual dollar surplus of $555
million.
Japan's interest rates, like
those Of West Europe, are
well above the level here and
the Treasury believes that
this country cannot fairly be
expected to meet the worlds
capital demands in an I'M
restricted cheap money mar
ket at a time when it is
pressed by its own balance of
payments.
Mr.. Dillon has persistently
urged the Europeans to de-
velop their own long-term
capital market. Rising wage
costs have started to inhibit
the capacity of European in
duStrialists to finance their
expansions out of profits, ard
they have recently Joined the
Canadians and Japanese in
seeking American invest
mentS. The outflow of CAPT.
.tol has grown swiftly from a
small leak to a threatening
erosion in the balance of
payments and the Treasury
believes it's tax to be the most
moderate restraint possible
under the Circumstances.
The financiers discounting
enactment of the tax believe
that its defeat will derive
from the diplomatic pressures
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30
Maj. Gen. P. c. WehIe
Gets New Command

Maj. Gen. Philip c. Wehle
will be welcomed as new COM
manding general Of the Military
District Of Washington Thurs
day morning at Fort Myer.
The parade, at Summerall
Field, is TO feature a l3-gun
salute, ruffles and flourishes.
and the Generals March,"
played by the United States
Army Band.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30
Feeling That the Exemption of Canada
Undermines the Plan Is Reported
CHARLES BARTLETT

The financial community
has moved to a broad as
sumption that Preside n t
Kennedy will be unable to
impose the tax he announced
July 10 on the export of
American investors capital.
The assumption has devel-
oped from the TreaSury's
agreement to exempt Canada
from paying the levy on its
new bond and stock issues
in the United States. Many
financiers reason that since
the tax wall has been
preached by Canada, it can
not be held against other
countries like Japan which
also suffer deficits in their
annual trade with this coun-
try.
The Treasury, neverthe-
less, is holding firm to its
proposal with an intention
to deny exemptions to the
other countries that are pro-
testing the increase in their
cost Of securing money from
American sources. The legis-
lation is being drafted and
shortly will be sent to Con-
gress, where Chairman Will
bur Mills of the House Ways
and Means Committee has
agreed to give it a prompt
hearing.
No administration official
disputes the awkwardness of
the sequence by which the
exemption of Canada fol-
lowed the announcement of
the tax. 1t created an aspect
OF clumSinesS on the part of
Treasury officials that was
damaging because interna-
tional respect for their COM
petence is a key Ingredient
Of the worlds confidence in
the dollar.
No one disputes that If
special arrangements for
Canada were necessary in the
tax, they should ideally have
been included in the origi-
nal announcement. The prob
lem was that the tax, in or
der to avoid profits by spec
ulators with inside knowledge,
had to be prepared amid Sc
crecy comparable to that
which preceded the blockade
Of Cuba. Douglas Dillon and
Stanley Surrey of the Treas
ury and George Ball of the
State Department were the
main figures and they felt
obligated to work without
the advice of staff special
lists.
They miscalculated the re-
action in Canada, which has
been concerned by the domi-
nance of United States cap
ital in Canadian industry
and might reasonably have
been expected to welcome a
measure that would restrain
the northward flow of in
vestmentS.
But as Mr.. Dillon and Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30
Dr.. Kings Theory Behind Violations
Of Segregation Lows Is Disputed

law or the law of God. An
unjust law is a code that is
out of harmony with the
moral law. 49,.
lone who breaks an unjust
law must do so openly, low
ingly, and with a willingness
to accept the penalty. I sub
NIT that an individual who
breaks a law that conscience
tells him is. unjust and who
willingly accepts the penalty
Of Imprisonment in order to
arouse the conscience of the
community over its injustice
is in reality expressing the
highest respect for law. &.
Actually, we who engage
in non-violent direct action
are not the creators of ten
sion. We merely bring to the
surface the hidden tension
that is already alive"
Is it the function of any
clergyman, whether or not
he is a Negro, to indorse or
participate in "demonstra-
tons" that embitter public
feelings and produce resent
ments? Or can one still ex-
pect that men who preach
from the pulpit will primarily
try to help individuals to
apply reason instead of
physical force in endeavor-
ing to settle moral ques-
tionS?
Under conditions of an
archy, every man decides
for himself what laws he will
obey, and in a totalitarian
state, the government decides
what the morals of the COM
munity shall be. In the
United States, under a writ
ten Constitution, the prog
reSS by which laws are made
and the methods of enforce
ment of such laws are set
forth with the approval of
the peoples elected rep
resentatives. Disputes as to
the meaning of laws are left
to the courts to decide.
But if, as DR.. King says,
each man can decide for
himself what laws he will
obey or disobey, what laws
are "just" or unjust" and
which ones can be disre-
garded at will, then there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30
Scouts Gather
AtMarathoI,

MARATHON, Greece, July 80
(AP-A city of canvas and
tent poles is rising across 1000
acres on the plains of Mara
thon as $4,000 Boy Scouts flood
in with bullying knapSacks for
their 18th World Jamboree,
opening Thursday.
The boys from 76 nations
are setting themselves up in
II SubcampS, each a semicir-
cular affair for more than
1900 Scouts in 30 troops
ranged around a campfire. The
subcamps are named for the
II Athenian tribes that de-
feated Darius invading Per-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-30

GENEVA, July 80 (AP) The
United States announced today
1t will continue working for 6
treaty banning underground
nuclear weapons tests to supple.
ment the limited test ban &C.
cord achieved in Moscow las
week.
United States Ambassador
Charles c. STEELE told the re.
sumed 17-nation disarmament
conference the limited test bar
concluded In Moscow docs moi
accomplish the strongly pre-
ferred objective of the United
States, a comprehensive treaty
banning tests in all environ
ments."
The American British :
Soviet Moscow treaty is fol-
banning tests in the atmos-
phere, in space and under
water, but does not include
nuclear explosions underground
Mr.. Stelle's statement came
at the outset of the conference,
which gathered amid uncer-
tainty over its future.
Russian, Briton on Hand
Soviet negotiator Semyon X,
Tsarapkin and Britain's Peter
Thomas also were on hand to
outline their positions on the
limited test ban accord, gen.
orally hailed as a major cold
war breakthrough.
1.-THE objections Of the Soviet
Union to the inspection that
such a underground test ban)
treaty would require are well
known. and they remain" Mr..
STEELE asserted.
THE preamble Of this limited
treaty. however. clearly states
the objective Of the parties TO
achieve a comprehensive test
ban and their determination TO
continue negotiations TO tins
end"
Mr.. Stelle warned that the
Moscow agreement will not
halt the arms race In all It's ele-
ments. nor begin the reduction
Of ornaments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
CONCEPTION
IN
CONSTRUCTION

The camera is not sculpturing tool, but
in the hands of an adroit photographer it
can come close to serving that purpose
Washington's Peter Campbell is one such
photographer. 1t is a favorite pastime of
Mr.. Campbell, professional writer
editor, to take his camera around the city
and make studies on the site of construc-
ton projects in this place of endless
construction projects. He focuses on the
random ingredients of structures in the
process Of being built. His subjects may
be stack of cinderblocks, twisted mass
of wire, steel Orders lying in heap or
building materials already locked into
place in the structure of which they are a
part. A number of these studies by Mr..
Campbell have been assembled as an
exhibit at the Arena Stage, which will
continue through November 80. The pho
tographer calls the collection Fugitive
Sculpture" title he explains by pointing
out that materials and textures group
themselves unintentionally into patterns
which sculptOrs deliberately make" He
calls these sculptures" fugitive because
they are here today and gone tomorrow.
Not all of Mr.. CampbelPs subjects are
inanimate by any means. His other ex-
hibits around the country have dealt with
informal portraits of people, and four of
his prints are now on display in the Ii
brary Of Congress presentation The
Photographer and the City"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-21
tcoNTiNUEp)

CONN. AVE, Bl3O-Large effic
sssy.So.Ol iccssil En- Ini 5i.sSss$as.. enO0ar0
EFFICIENCY, lO3 Kennedy st. NV
Apt, q. l fm., KIT, dlnette
bath, $50 plus elec. ma. $4,000,
EMBASSY APARTMENTS
1913 HARVARD st., NV. Lee. liy
rIli., balcony. kit, dinette, bath,
and lge. closets.
EXCELLENT LOCATION
CLOSE TO DOWNTOWN
CHALFONTE APIS.
1901 ARooNNE PL. N. W.
loft 18th 81. and Columbia Rd,l
EFFICIENCY APT. ------- SIS
Newly decorated, spacious, very i AZ,
traetive apt. with large closets In
well-maintained eleV. BLDG, wired
for air eond,. 24-hour switchboard
service. Apply desk or call AID. 4.
NORMAN BERNSTEIN MANAGEMENT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-21
CLOSE TO DOWNTOWN
FAIRFAX
VILLAGE
APARTMENTS
PENNA- AVE Sc

JENNA. AVE. DE.
Top Of the hill, at Maryland line,
utes BY bus. Garden apis. In
parklike settint. Call 10. 2-S2sb,
oot nfIIc IsooI sssh st !;t; OPEN
p am & Si.s Isr mi sSn ipsrE RS =
GARDEN.TYPE APT. HOMES =
from the Capitol. overlooking
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picnic grounds and new Soil
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porch conv. for dining, sleeping
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Plumbing In Kitchen for washing
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two, 1.fare bus lines, shopping
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street parking. Good Hone Hills Is
west Of Naylor I'd, In Vicinity OF
30th Ct. sc. Rental office open
pm, 1000 3Oth ST. sc. LII, / $500.
mAuBnT " TAVu nn rNfs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-21
THE ELAINE


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s ssISSip ec sees f M ssas Res. H Msr
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70 ! WseEasys. BY "a apt. only.
a02l 0tA 81. NV. = 1-bedrm
elevate! apt LEs ,n. ,iv. m. TTn ar. Enc
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1880 4 ST, N:w.-Refined elevator
BIDS. lust off Conn, ave. compl
remodeled. Spacious i:bedrm. apt
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Sts siS A B. s snHti cH pRR MI kHlS9 3
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$3.50, incl. ytils. Apply Res,
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$50 LEBAUM ST. Sc, AIT. 3
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1880 IRVING ST. N.W.-1st floor
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Evening star., 1963-09-02
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER z, 1863

turb economy minded Congressman
and those members of the public who
do not want to see further shrinkage
in the value of the dollar There are,
of course, arguments on the other side
But these nevertheless are factors which
cannot be brushed off as mere partisan
considerations.
Although the administration may
be working on Mr.. Halleck, its best
hope, or so it seems, lies with the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee. This
group can be expected to be more SYM
pathetic to the administration request,
and it doubtless will take a particularly
hard look at the cut which the House
made in the Alliance for Progress
money. If the $585-million total cut is
to be restored in whole or in part, how
ever, the President will have to come
forward with arguments which are more
persuasive than his ill-advised "parti-
san" outburst.
Evening star., 1963-09-02
Buy Now!

The urgent" campaign by Repre-
sentativeS SickleS and Lankford for
Federal funds required to prevent a
high-rise apartment project in the
heart of the lovely 1,10O-acre Greenbelt
Park in Prince Georges County may be
too late
We hope it is not. Greenbelt Park
has been an integral part of the Federal
system of National Capital Parks for
years 1t StraddleS the Baltimore
lngton Parkway, near the entrance to
washington from the north, in a rap
idly urbanizing area which already is
seriously lacking in park preserves. It's
size and natural beauty are ideally
lifted for the camping, picknicking and
otner recreational uses proposed for it.
The intentions of the Park Service
toward Greenbelt Park have been good.
1t has always intended-Someday-
buy the private land now at issue-a
76-acre tract which intrudes into the
center OF the park from Edmonston
road, and which is needed to round out
the area in public ownership. But il has
never found the money to do so. Ger
tainly the owner of the land cannot
now be blamed for wanting to put
a plush residential community in such
a setting. The shame is that the
broader benefit to the public as a whole
will suffer unless Congress comes to
the rescue now.
There is big lesson in all this For
there are other tracts, some Of them far
more important to the esthetic and rec
reational setting Of the Nations Capital
than Greenbelt, which may fall to
precisely the same fate If Congress
continues to procrastinate on park pur-
chaSes. The Great Falls area on the
Virginia side Of the Potomac, the ex-
panse of land across the river from
Mount Vernon, the George Washington
Memorial Parkway in Prince Georges.
are Just few of them.
In each instance, the longer Con-
greSS waits, the higher the price will
be, and the greater the threat of private
development. Nowhere else is there so
much aptness in the trite old slogan
Buy Now
Evening star., 1963-09-02
Long Road Back

The President, who was quick to
denounce the Republican leadership
after the House vote on the foreign aid
authorization, evidently has been going
through the process known as repenting
at leisure.
At any rate, the more or less
inspired news reports say that the ad-
miniStration, hoping for a restoration
OF the HouSe-approved cut, will concen-
trate on SO Republicans, and particularly
on the G. o. P. House leader, Charles
Halleck. 1t will take lot of doing to
successfully negotiate this road back
since Mr.. Halleck was the principal tar
get OF the Presidents attack. Mr..
Kennedy said the $585-million cut was
"shortSighted, irresponsible and danger
ouSly partisan" The G. o. P. leadership,
he added, was guilty of Shocking and
thoughtleSs partisan attack" Needless
to say, the Republicans didn't appreciate
this blaSt-eSpecially since 66 Democrats
Joined in the 222 to 1873 vote to slash
the authorization.
The vote in the House can be termed
partisan in the sense that the 222-
member majority was made up of 1856
Republicans in addition to the 66 DEM
ocratS. The President, however, will not
get far If he sticks to the line that the
Republicans are merely trying to en-
barraSs his administration.
The fact is that support for foreign
aid has been dropping off steadily. Even
Mr.. Kennedy voted for cuts when he
was in the Senate. He also campaigned
against Representative Judd of Min
neSota, and contributed to his defeat,
while Mr. Judd was supporting the Ken
nedy foreign aid program Politicians
have way Of remembering these things.
The opposition, however, rests on
more substantial bases than these. For
one thing the American taxpayer has
put up something like $l00 billion-a
very large sum-for foreign aid over
the past 10 years. The public is getting
tired of 1t. Congress also knows that
there is $68 billion Of unspent money in
the foreign aid pipeline" Although
this has been obligated" 1t makes a
tidy sum when added to the $3.5 billion
total which still remains in the authori-
zation. Finally there is the prospective
Treasury deficit this year of SO billion
and the possible loss Of another $40
billion in revenue If the Presidents tax
reduction bill should be enacted.
All OF these are factors which dis
Evening star., 1963-09-02
The Syrian Issue

When 1t reconVeneS tomorrow, the
United Nations Security Council will be
serving the cause of peace If it adopts
the Western-SponSored resolution con-
demning Syrian forces for the recent
"wanton murder" of two Israeli farmers
on ISraepS soil. Such a council vote,
combined with general improvement
in the truce machinery, would certainly
help to ease tension and promote Stabil-
ity in the area.
OF course, as emphasized to the
Council by United States Ambassador
Adlai Stevenson, Difficulties on the
Syrian-ISraeli frontiers have broken out
periodically ever since the signing of
the general armiStice agreement back in
1948. Indeed, this Council has devoted
nearly 200 SeSSionS-one-fifth of all it's
meetingS-to this subject" And in the
past, for the most part, Israel, without
first appealing to the U. NJ, has struck
back with armed force against attacks
from Syria, and it has been properly
cenSured for so doing.
The ISraeliS have defended these
swift retaliatory actions on the ground
that it would do them no good-because
of repeated Soviet vetoeS favoring the
Arab poSition-to carry their complaints
to the Security Council. But now they
have modified their view. In response
to the Staying of the two farmers, they
have withheld their fire and taken their
case to the U. N. They have done so,
with strong American urging, in the
hope that the Councils decision will be
to cenSure Syria in terms strong enough
to diSSuade that country from encour-
aging further attacks on ISrael's agri-
cultural frontierSman.
Unhappily, the indications are that
the KremlinS representative will veto
the resolution against Syria. If that
happens the SyrianS, who occupy high
shooting ground in relation to ISraers
rich farmland along the frontier, are
likely to feel free to pursue a policy of
haraSSment, including SenSeleSs and
brutal killings And this in turn, as the
ISraeliS have warned, will lead to coun-
teraction of kind that could shatter
the fragile peace of the Middle East.
Clearly, if Nikita Khrushchev really
wants to ease EaSt-WeSt tensions, he
will instruct his man at the U. N. not
to veto the pending Anglo-American
resolution.