davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

the Lords Prayer in a public school
merely because some other child, who
does not want to pray and who is not
required to pray, objects.
Also interesting were some COM
ments by Justice Goldberg in a con-
curing opinion, in which Justice Harlan
joined.
Justice Goldberg, of course, agreed
with the majority ruling. But he seemed
a bit disturbed by Justice Clark's neu-
trail concept. "Untutored devotion to the
concept of neutrality" he said, "can
lead :. to a brooding and pervasive
devotion to the secular and a passive,
or even active, hostility to the religious"
For our part, we think the courts
school rulings in the area of religion,
although certainly not so intended, have
already led to climate Of passive and
perhaps even active hostility to the
religious. At another point, Justice
Goldberg, in what we take to be ref
erence to Justice Clark'S trickling
stream and raging torrent, added: at
is Of course true that great consequences
can grow from small beginnings, but the
measure Of constitutional adjudication
is the ability and willingness to distin-
guish between real threat and mere
shadow"
If we may put our own interpreta-
ton on this, we think it is a comment
which hits the nail squarely on the head.
For in this ruling, and in some Of those
that preceded it, the court has done pre-
cisely what Justice Goldberg warned
against-mistaken mere shadow for real
threat.
In the process God and religion have
all but been driven from the public
schools. What remains? viii the bacca-
laureate service and Christmas carols be
the next to 60? Don't bet against it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
Eve in Space

Even II everything did not come
off as planned, there is no blinking the
propaganda bonanza the Russians got
out Of their Eve-in-space spectacular.
While Valentino, the Seagull, was
grooming lullabies to the earthlings, our
space officials were still trying to ex-
plain why no woman Of ours has been
flying around out there where only test
pilots are qualified to orbit.
In our view, despite all the hoopla,
the sex Of the Russian space passenger
does not matter much. But not everyone
regarded the feat as Just a show by a
woman stunt parachute jumper. Even
while she was circling the globe, Senate
Space Chairman Anderson and Senator
Symington were taking NASA to task
for failure to accord equal space rights
to American women.
We think the Senators were getting
closer to the nub Of the matter when
they went on to ask why scientists are
not being trained as astronauts in this
country.
AL the Russian woman had to offer
was history Of 1875 parachute jumps,
toughness and courage. With no aero
nautic background, she mastered enough
technology to handle the space capsule.
Her achievement is the complete con-
firmation for those who insist that
scientists now must be made a part of
our man-in-space program. Valentino
demonstrated that it will be easier to
teach astronautics to qualified scientists,
than to drill science into test pilots.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

we must embark on the 81
billion supersonic transport
program because we cannot
afford to surrender supre-
macy Of the airways, ours
since the birth of CONNER
cial aviation" and because
we cannot afford to further
strain the balance of -pay-
ments problem.
Yet nowhere In your edi-
torial-and I doubt in your
analysis and Homework
did you consider or suggest
the possibility that the bal
lance-of-payments problem
might be better controlled
by using the 81 billion on
some other program, nor did
you consider or suggest that
It might be more feasible to
relinquish our supremacy in
the air transport field in order
to gain such In another field.
Nor did you attempt to raise
the question, ct the very
least, with your readers and
with taxpayers that maybe
the price" Of supremacy is
more than the American
public is willing to afford.
In short, world supremacy,
high speed. congestion-free
rush hour travel, and pres
tige are all examples Of SER
r vices and symbols which may
be bought at q net cost to
the public rather than q net
profit. Someone should ac-
cept the obligation and re-
Sponsibility Of seeing that
tnoSe VINO must pay the price
for these services are fully
appraised Of the costs, the
consequences, and the alter
natives. Let us not forget
that in supporting various
government spending pro-
grams, rightly or wrongly,
we are committing other
peoples funds and money,
not just our own.
Martin WOhI.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
Lawrence Argument Brings Sharp RebuttoI

people is deprived Of O right,
privilege, immunity, or pro-
lection named in the Con-
stitution and secured BY law
and the constituted authori-
ties Of that State are unable,
fail, or refuse to protect that
right, privilege or immunity,
or to give that protection: or
90 opposes or obstructs
the execution Of the laws of
the United States or impedes
the course Of justice under
those laws.
In any situation covered
by clause ID, the State shall
be considered to have de-
MED the equal protection Of
the laws secured BY the
Constitution"
Despite protestations Of
segregationists to the con-
trary. 1t is well settled that
the laws Of the United States
do not consist solely of
statutory enactments by the
Congress. but include as well
judicial decisions Of the Fed
eral courts. Thus Mr.. Law
rence's argument against
the use Of this statute on the
grounds that Congress has
enacted no legislation i'm
plementing the decision OF
the Supreme Court in Brown
v. Board Of Education, BAT
U. s. 483 (l954) must be
totally rejected.
He further states that
Congress amended this
statute effective as OF Aug
ust 10. 1855 Incorrectly
giving this date as Septem-
Der Q, 1857 In his column OF
June l2) so as TO forbid the
use OF military and naval
forces to carry out court
orders. Nothing could be
further from the truth. AL
Congress did In 1855 was %
substitute the words "armed
forces" for the words land
or naval forces" which for
merly appeared In section
1913. That this was done
solely for clarity and uni
formity Of the statutes II
expressly stated In the Of
fetal explanatory notes u
sections 332, 1888, 334. NJ
part Of the statute was re.
pealed as Mr.. Lawrence
stated on June IL: nor doe
any Federal statute specifi.
cally forbid the use OF the
armed forces or the STATE
militia as he suggested II
both columns.
Title 10, section 332 OF tn,
United States Code state
quite clearly that:
whenever the Presiden
considers that unlawful OBJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

David Lawrence in his coll
umns appearing In The Eve
ming Star on June IL and Is
has raised serious question
concerning the statutory au-
thority Of the President to
make use Of troops to enforce
the orders Of q Federal court
enjoining Governor Wallace
from interfering In any way
whatsoever with the registra-
ton Of two Negro students at
the University Of Alabama.
AS an attorney. I feel that
Mr.. Lawrence's comments
must not go unreplied to.
On June 5, the United
States District Court for the
Northern District of Alabama
enjoined Governor Wallace
from obstructing In any way
the registration Of Mr.. Hood
and Miss Malone at Tusca-
loosa on June IL. It is COM
mon knowledge that Cover
nor Wallace made no secret
Of his intention TO defy this
court order, Of which he was
well aware.
On June IL, the President,
pursuant to the authority
given to him under title 10,
section 1884 Of the United
States Code, issued Procla-
nation Number 3542 direct
ing the Governor to desist
from any action that would
prevent the orderly registra-
tration Of the two students
at the University. This proc
lamation was ally
served on the Governor by
Deputy Attorney General
Katzenbach on the morning
OF June IL. as millions OF
television viewers can bear
witness. Despite the repeated
requests Of Mr.. Katzenbach
10 the Governor that he give
his assurance that the order
Of the court would be COM
piled with he remained silent.
Later that same day, the
President invoked the au-
thority vested In him by the
Congress Of the United States
in the form Of title 10. Sec
ton 1913 Of the United States
Code which reads as follows.
1.-THE President, by using
the militia or the armed
forces or both, or by any
other means, shall take such
measures as he considers nee
essary TO suppress. In a State
any instruction, domestic
violence, unlawful combina.
ton. or conspiracy II IT.
% SO hinders the excu-
ton Of the laws Of that
State, and OF the United
States within the State. that
any part or class Of III
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

structions. combinations, or
assemblages, or rebellion
against the authority Of the
United States, make It i'm
practicable to enforce the
laws Of the United States in
any State or Territory by the
ordinary course Of judicial
proceedings. he may call into
Federal service such Of the
militia Of any State, and use
such of the armed forces, as
he considers necessary to en-
force those laws or to sup
press the rebellion"
A reading Of this statute
makes 1t clear that whether
or not troops are to be used
is q decision to be made by
the President alone. The
Federal courts have long
recognized that they them
selves have no power to call
upon the military to enforce
their DEGREES.
In his column Of June Is,
Mr.. Lawrence cites title 10,
section $500 Of the United
States Code as the basis for
his statement that the Presi-
dent did not proceed prop
erly in federalizing the Ala
bama National Guard because
this section requires that
orders placing the National
Guard into Federal service be
transmitted through the State
governors. However this sec
ton was simply not applic-
able TO the Tuscaloosa situa-
ton; the only provision Of
the statute that can even re-
motely be said 10 be in point
In the recent crisis deals with
rebellion. At no point was
there ever q suggestion by
either side that q rebellion
was imminent In Alabama,
The sole issue there was the
enforcement Of q Federal
court decree.
The statutes cited above
make the legality and con-
stitutionality Of the Presi-
dents action q closed ques-
ton. Mr.. Lawrence has either
been the recipient Of mac
curate legal advice In the
preparation Of his columns
or has chosen 10 distort the
statutes TO conform 10 his
own view Of civil rights prob
lens.
II is the obligation Of men,
bers Of the bar Of this Nation
not 10 stand by and silently
witness incorrect legal doc
trine being foisted on the
public: ! for one do not in
tend 70 do so.
Paul Frederick Heller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
THE POLITICAL MILL
Republican Strow in the Wind
By GOULD LINCOLN

Republicans IN California,
who have been torn apart by
intra-party strife, are show
ing signs Of greater unity
when 1t comes to fighting
their Democratic opponents.
A week ago. they elected their
candidate, Mayor Del Claw
son Of Compton, to the seat
in the House Of Representa-
tives made vacant by the
death earlier this year Of
Representative Clyde Doyle.
Democrat. Mr.. Clawson lost
to Mr.. Doyle in November.
1862, by q margin Of $1,000
votes. He defeated his Demo-
cratic opponent, Assembly,
man Carley v. Portion, by
1000 votes in this special
election to fill q congressional
vacancy. The 22d district has
been Democratic territory for
a long time. Mr.. Doyle was
first elected to Congress in
1914 and held office until his
death. In 1860 he carried his
district by $4,000 votes.
The strife In the Republic
can Party has conferred not
only around personalities but
also the so-called liberal and
conservative wings of party
When former Vice President
Richard M. Nixon recently
moved his residence from
California to New York 1t
left a vacuum into which no
other leader has actually
stepped. It also removed from
the State scene one of the
most controversial political
personalities. Mr.. Nixon's Bit
ter struggle last year for
the Republican gubernatorial
nomination against the Re-
publican leader Of the State
Assembly, Joe Shell, o con-
sentative, did not help him
in the b attic he had later
with Democratic Gov. Pat
Brown. Also old Warren Re-
publicans and former Gov,
Goodwin Knight declined to
support Mr.. Nixon.
Shot in Arm for G. o. p.
Mr.. Clawson, who has pic
tured himself as something
right of center, apparently
had the aid Of all factions
Of Republicans in his district.
Indeed, he had to have them.
to win election. His victory Is
a shot In the arm for the
@. o. p. in the big coast
State which in recent years
has lost the governorship, a
Senate seat and q whole par
Gel Of seats In the national
House Of Representatives,
and both houses Of the Legis-
lature. The one bright spot
for them in the 1862 elections
was the reelection of Sena-
tor Thomas H. Kuchel by a
margin Of 100000 votes, a re-
markable victory In view Of
the fact Mr.. Nixon was los
ing to Gov. Brown in the
same election by some three
or four hundred thousand
votes.
Rightly or wrongly. the
Republicans are interpreting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
The Critic in q World of Critics
BY RALPH McGILL

Wnen the great DR.. john
son wrote his dictionary q
few centuries ago he defined
oats as being food for men
in Scotland and for horses
In England. The fortnight
scholar did not like Scots,
and oatmeal porridge was to
him an abomination.
He also said In his die
tionary that q fishing rod
was a stick with q fish at
one end and Q fool at the
other.
1t must have occurred to
him that the Scots might
buy very few, II any, Of his
dictionaries. and that the
fisherman Of his own coun-
try and of the neighboring
isles perchance would be
angry at being classified as
fools. Still, it did not worry
him.
/ was thinking on all this
the other evening when q
psychiatrist paid a visit to
my house. It was q social call,
though ! do confess at times
he seemed to be looking at
me very intently.
The psychiatrist was say
ing that the reason many
persons 60 about today with
added pates and strong men
come down with ulcers is that
they find so little opportunity
to be themselves, but must
always be conforming TO this
and that, joining this and
that, and taking their think
ing from these groups. It Is
a sort Of assembly line ar
rangement, or treadmill. and
there is little chance for In
dividual thinking. or contro-
versial freedom. The result Is
that self Is destroyed and the
harness Of conformity gals
us and causes us to develop
ulcers and TO blow our stacks.
to employ an inelegant but
expressive phrase.
Head In q Hole
I had not thought Of It,
although / will admit that
Just the other day I told
three bright teen-age report
ers from q high school paper
that the best illustration OF
what It was like TO write
signed newspaper articles of
q controversial nature was
feature Of the old-time car
nivals. They wanted 10 know
what that was, and ! told
them. In the old carnivals q
fellow stuck his head through
q hole In q large square OF
canvas and for five cents the
patron could buy three base
balls and throw at his head.
DR.. johnson would have 9
difficult time Of II today. We
are so organized that every
canary. each breed Of cats,
each flower. veteran. religion,
the varieties Of dogs, foods,
and the various arts seem ID
have q belligerent organiza-
ton behind them.
II there Is the slightest
offense against an iris. the
water spaniel. the web-footeC
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

the Clawson win as q blow
at the Kennedy administra-
ton and its policies and con-
duct Of the Government. They
are pointing out that the Esd
district has q 2-to-1 Demo-
cratic voter registration over
the Republicans; that Presi-
dent Kennedy q week before
the election appeared person.
ally in the area to boost DEM
ocratic candidates, and that
Mr.. Porter had campaigned aS
q pro Kennedy Democrat.
Representative Bob Wilson,
also of California and chair
man Of the Republican Con-
gressional Committee, COM
mented that Mr.. Clawson had
conducted a clean campaign
and discussed the issues
clearly and Dire W the line
sharply between Republican
and Democratic positions.
1.-THE voters" said Mr.. VIII
son, decided on the Republic
can position"
A Big Prize
California, with its big
block Of electoral votes,
will be an extremely impor-
tant prize in the presidential
election next year. President
Kennedy lost it to Mr.. Nixon
In 1860. though by only about
10000 votes. California Re-
publicans have not come to
a conclusion by any means
on their choice for q Repub-
hcan nominee to oppose the
President. Until recently
Rockefeller sentiment APP
peared strong. But since the
New York Governors remar-
rage he has lost ground
there-and Senator Gold
water Of Arizona has added
to the support he already had
in the State, which was con-
siderable. CALIFORNIA; presi-
Dental primary will be
among the most interesting
next year. It remains to
be seen whether a
favorite-son delegation or
one committed to Sena-
tor Goldwater, Gov. Rookie
Teller. Gov. Romney or an
other potential nominee will
be chosen in the primary
election.
The Republicans are also
hoping to upset the Demo-
Gratis IN o special congress
sional election to fill a
vacancy In another key State
Pennsylvania. Gov. Scran-
ton, Republican. has set July
80 as the date for an election
to fill the seat occupied by
the late Representative Fran
els e. Walter, Democratic
Chairman Of the House IN
American Affairs Committee.
This viii be tough assign
ment. The 18th Pennsylvania
District has been Democratic
for years, too. Mr.. Walter
represented 1t 81 years. But
since the Republicans were
able to elect Scranton Gov
ernor last fall by a wide mar
gin, they are more hopeful In
Pennsylvania than for q long
time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

canary, or the Celestial I'M
provement Association, the
organization representing
each will resort to cold anger
and hot words and buy the
three baseballs to throw.
No Outraged Screams
DR.. Johnson seems not to
have been bothered. The
Scots went right ahead eat
ing oatmeal, since 1t is q
noble. nourishing dish. The
fisherman Of the British Isles
do not seem to have had a
club chairman to call upon
him and demand q retrac-
ton in the next edition Of his
dictionary. The oatmeal eat
ers had also neglected TO or
ganize and hold luncheon
meetings on each Monday
and to have speakers in to
harangue them on various
subjects. And theirs was q
great age.
Today feelings are wounded
easily. Even rascals and
scurvy political groups have
protective organizations and
deal with public relations. I
have thus far escaped ulcers
and my psychiatrist friend
has done no more than
peer intently at me, but or
CARNATIONS sometimes bear
upon me. It so happens I do
not like cats. ! am not hos
tile. but am simply happier
when they are somewhere
else. Sometime ago I mem
toned this. and added that
the only cat which seemed
TO be worth its frozen horse
meat was the Manx. This
earned me the wrath OF cat
lovers and the gift OF a Manx
cat. The irony Of It was that
this Manx would have Moth
ing TO do with anyone save
me, and after slaughterinR
an innocent bird near the
feeders, would come and leap
to my knee to lick his chops.
I found myself wishing for q
few bald eagles capable OF
carrying off cats.
Anyhow. DR.. johnson would
find II tougher today.
CAN Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
Answers to Questions
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

Q. In Biblical times, there
was q place called Moab.
What Is II called nowp--
w. NICK.
A. Today. the area once
called Moab Is part OF the
Arab kingdom Of Jordan. In
Biblical times, Moab was a
region in Palestine on the
east shore Of the Dead Sea
and the east bank OF the
Jordan River. about 80 miles
long by 20 miles wide. Il was
north Of Edom and south OF
Ammon. Moabite history Is
known primarily through the
Bible. which records Moab's
relations with Israel. Eventu-
ally, Moab disappeared az q
nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18

apply controls to some populated areas
now exempt.
The least that Congress should do
is to grant extension of the present
provision. Better still, it could look with
favor on the stronger controls urged by
the President.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used iDiH be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-18
Clara Barton House

We, the Friends Of Clara
Barton, wish to thank you
for the fine editorial in The
Sunday Star, June 8, about
our efforts to save the Clara
Barton house.
The house should be saved
not only because it was the
home and working head
quarters Of a great humane
tartan the woman who
founded the American Red
Cross but because Of its UNI
usual architecture.
The ships and planes are
filled with people rushing Off
to Europe to see things that
have been preserved through
the ages. However, 1t is diff
ferent In the United States
where the bulldozer Is re-
placing the eagle, as the
appropriate national emblem.
We hope that interested
persons will visit and APP
preciate the Clara Barton
house on Wednesday, June
10. between 2 and Z pm. It
will be open House Day"
Contributions will be taken
at the door. Mildred Stevenson
Chides Hoppe
Men will die for many
things but neutralism is not
among them" says Arther
Hoppe of the short memory
in his fantasy: Whining =
A Tale Of Neutrality" Inter-
esting. Hardly amusing.
I take exception to Arthur
Hopes rtdicule Of the Lao
tan coalition government.
My memory is q bit longer;
I can recall our newspaper
telling us how the United
States Government cut off
aid to the pro- Western Prince
Of Laos, forcing him into
an unwanted coalition with
the neutralists and Commu-
nistS. And I wonder how
much Of the $40 million of
tax-paid funds now going an
nually to Laos, comes back
in bullets pumped by the
Pathet Lao = or otherwise
helps export communism to
the rest Of Southeast Asia.
Gilbert J. BrOckman.
Evening star., 1963-05-12
The Navy:
Trouble Spot

In q surprise move, Admiral
George w. Anderson was re-
placed as Chief Of Naval Opera
tiOns last Monday. Speculation
pegged him as the first major
victim Of the Tx quarrel, since
he had Endorsed the losing bid
der, Boeing.
The Job Of Chief Of Naval Oper-
ations has never been O sinecure.
One Of Admiral Anderson's prede-
cessors. Admiral Louis Denfeld,
was ousted by President Truman
in 1949 after he became embroiled
in an interservice fight.
Another former CNO, Admiral
William M. Fechteler, was abruptly
removed from office by President
Eisenhower in 1858 for political
reasons supposedly prompted by
Senator Taft.
The longest to hold the Navy's
top spot In the postwar era was
Admiral Arleigh A. Burke, VIII o
served from 1855 TO 1861. Upon
retiring. "3l-Knot" Burke told q
Star reporter:
IF were living my life again I
would, I think, be more out
spoken"
Evening star., 1963-05-12
Philiippines-ChopterM III

A curious sight In Washington
In the past year has been the way
q $73 million bill to pay Filipinos
for war damage keeps alive,
bouncing between House and
Senate.
Widely regarded as Q windfaIl,
1t Is the final outlay for claims
that already have totaled about
$500 million under Q 1946 act.
A year ago the House rejected
the bill. In protest, President
Diosdado Macapagal Of the Phil
ippines cancelled Q visit here, and
the House In o turnabout ap-
proved the bill last August.
This year the Senate appended
a rider to the bill stipulating pay
ments must be made to the Phil
ippine government instead Of to
individual claimants. Behind this
was the revelation by the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee that
one lobbyist for war claimants,
John A. ODonnell, had made
campaign contributions to 20
members of Congress.
But behind the closed doors Of
a final House, Senate committee
conference this week, 1t was
learned the rider had been elm
mated by strong pressure from
House Democratic leadership.
Aroused to battle, Senators ct
weeks end had ordered more con-
ference negotiation on the meas
ure.