davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09
CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS SPEAK
m WSu CENTENNIAL Pro
GRAM

A. tworday symposium bringing
together, the national directors
OF the three most active civil
rights groups In the u. S. will
be held on the Wayne State
University campus Wednesday and
Thursday, February Is and IA.
Theme for the symposium,
open to the public, is "Strategies
OF Stimulating Change in Civil
Rights" II will explore, first
hand, the efforts of NAACP, the
Congress on Racial Equality and
the National Urban League to.
ward establishing racial equality
in this country during the past
50 years. The program is another
in year-long series of events
planned as part of Wayne State S
Emancipation Centennial obscr.
vance.
hoy wilkins, national executive
secretary, NAACP, will speak on
Civil tights Action and the
NAACP," at 2:30 p. m, Wedncs-
day. Chairman for the session
will be Frederick b. Routh, exc
cutive director. National Associ-
alton Of lntergroup Relations Of
ficals. II will be held in tho Com
munity Arts Auditorium.
At 8 p. m, Whitney Young,
executive director, National Ur-
ban League, will talk on Civil
Rights Action and the Urban
League" in Room b, of the
McGregor Memorial Conference
Center.
Civil Rights Action and the
Congress on Racial Equality"
will be the topic of James Farm
or, national director of the Con-
grcss on Racial Equality, at 2;30
p. m, Thursday, in the Rackham
Educational Memorial Auditori-
um, 60 Farnsworth Avenue.
Chairman for this session will
be Detroit Police Commissioner
George Edwards.
A final meeting cvaluating the
future of race relations in the
u. S. for the next 100 years will
be by wilkins, Young and Farm
er In the Rackham Auditorium
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09
MUSIC DEPT. PLANS
CHORAL WORKSHOP

The Annual Choral Workshop
sponsored by the department Of
music education, Wayne State
University, will be held in the
Music Building, Saturday, Feb.
IT.
More than 400 teachers and
students arc expected TO attend
the onc-day workshop to be con-
Quoted from $50 a. IN. to 4:30
D. m. II is designed to aid choral
directors and students by demon
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09
ENGINEERS ROLL
THIRD SNO-BALl

The third annual Wayne State
University Engineers SNO-B a |
will be held from $50 p. m, TO
/ a. M, Saturday, Feb. 8, in the
Terrace Room of the Pick
Fort Shelby Hotel, Detroit.
One of the highlights in the
festivities will be the crowning
of the engineers queen and the
announcement of her five-mem-
bcr royal court.
. The Jerry Richardson Orchestra
will play for the informal dance.
Tickets are $3.50 per couple
and may be obtained at the WSU
ticket office.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09

ments in suburban communities
and plant installations.
Mrs. Wilson suggests that or.
ganized groups whose members
are willing to completely staff
a bloodmobile regularly, once
a week or once a month, would
be most welcome. Approximately
twenty volunteers is a complete
staff. .s,
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09
PRESIDENT HlLBERRY
NOUNCES RETIREMENT

DR.. Clarence B. Hilbcrry, pres
ident of Wayne State Universe
ty, has announced. he will retire
within the next two years.
Or. Hiiberry, president OF WSu
for ihe past 10 yeas, made the
announcement at . meeting with
faculty members and the Board
OF Governors on Wednesday.
Jan. 23, Stating he plans to leave
mot later than January Of iS-
S."
Explaining that he felt his
move was IN the best interests
OF the University, DR.. Hllberry
SAID nc was basing his decision
entirely on the future growth OF
the University ami the dangers
of shifting leadership during
the crucial years OF develop
ment that lie ahead.
The president, so, would not
have to retire for another 10
years. but said he made up his
mind after three months OF
study. analysis snd soul search
= ins.". - s. .s. ..p----A------ 49,
He said: ANY change in pres
idents just before or just after
the pivotal year of 1868 is un-
wise, indeed would endanger the
planned development of the Uni
versity."
Or. Hilberry said the univsr.
sity will have It's peak by 1868
and by that time there will be
several administrative changes.
He said: 1T is unthinkable
that the Board and l should re-
place several of the key central
officers of the University and
then undertake the search for
new president"
The president said he made
his announcement 10 resign two
years in advance because the
search for a new president must
be q national one, even though
fhe final choice might be some
one within faculty.
DR.. Hilberry became acting
president in 1853 when DR.. Dav-
i'd ID. Henry, now president of
the University of Illinois, moved
TO New York University. After
10 months he was named prcsi-
dent by the Detroit Board of
Education which then operated
The University.
Under Or. HiIberry's reign,
VI iyne has reached the greatest
growth in ITS history, with . cur
rent enrolment Of more than
10000 students.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09
~ MICHIGAN CONSOLIDATED
. GAS COMPANY
n Dime u'eH spent
is forty cents Famed

Free installation
on Gas Dryers
If you buy now
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-09

The YWCA'S annual meeting,
scheduled at IL o. clock noon
with luncheon, is ooen to the
public, and reservations may be
made through any YWCA branch.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Symphony Orchestra Plans
Free Concert at Roosevelt

Anniversary Riggs Library Ex-
hibition, Hopkinsiana, letters
and books of the Victorian poet
Gerard Marley Hopkins, Healy
Building, Main Campus, Thirty
Seventh and o streets NV,
first floor.
Exhibits at the Library of
Congress:
Past and Present Cartogra-
phic Techniques, Annex, Map
Reading Room, Ground Floor;
Types of Japanes Bookmak-
ing, Annex, Foyer, Fifth Floor;
Library Showcase Exhibit, 300
years Of ABC books, Main
Building, West Lobby, Ground
Floor;
The Photographer and the
City, Main Building, South Cor
rider, Ground Floor;
The Work of the United Ma
tons, Main Building, Great Hall
area, second floor.
TODD
Tours
Tour Of the Library Of Con-
greSs, departures from office of
the Captain of the Guard, Main
Building, 9:15, 10, II, am; l, 2,
8, 4p.m.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02

Europe: The Coming Of Chris
tianity to the Slavs," 8 pm.
Georgetown UniverSity's Cop
ley Lounge, Copley H all,
Thirty-Seventh and o streets
NV.
MUSIC
Byron Janis, piano; Howard
Mitchell, conductor; National
Symphony Orchestra, Consti-
tuition Hall, Eighteenth and D
streets NV, 8:SOp.m.
1.-THE Tender Land" opera
by Aaron Copeland, Arlington
Unitarian Players, Unitarian
Church of Arlington, 4444 Ar
ington boulevard, $3.50 pm.
TO SEE
Art Galleries
National Gallery of Art,
Sixth street and Constitution
avenue NV:
Picture Of the Week, Modig-
llani'S Gypsy Woman With
B by" explanatory COM
mentS at noon and 2p.m.:
Corcoran Gallery Of Art, Sew
enteenth street and New YorE
avenue NV:
Progress of an American
Collection;
Washington Artist Series
BENJAMIN Abramowitz).
Films
The Green City; Arctic Wilc
Life Range; Grand Canyon, anC
Audubon and the Birds of
America, Museum of Natural
History Auditorium, Smith
sonian Institution, 8 pm.
Exhibits
Exhibits at the Smithsonian
Institution:
Photographs by Andreas Fem.
niger, Arts and Industries
Building, Photographs Gallery;
Intaglio Prints by Jan Gelb,
Graphic Arts Gallery;
Telstar Exhibit, Arts and In.
duStrieS Building, Rotunda;
Masterpieces of japanese Art,
Freer Gallery Of Art, Gallery
IL.
Georgetown University 175tb
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
'ElIli[li![Ik
KERRY DRAKE
Buzz SAWYER
JULIET JONES
Pogo
glNLEEiQlI.[IIl

A concert, broadly based in
its selections Of classical mu-
sic, is coming your way free.
The Washington Civic SYM
phony Orchestra has as its
purpose to provide good mu-
sic without charge to Wash
ington area residents. You
can hear works by Beethoven,
Debussy, Ravel and Srtavin-
sky at $50 pm. at the RooSe-
welt High School Auditorium,
Thirteenth and Allision streets
NV.
The funeral march from
Beethoven's Eroica will pre-
face the evening in tribute to
late President Kennedy.
The major selection of the
program will be Beethoven's
Eighth Symphony, known as
one of the Hghtest hearted Of
the composers later works.
Impressionistic &C loud S"
and Festivals" nocturnes by
Debussy, will follow, paving
the way for the delicately
formed minuet from "Le
Tombeau de Couperin" by
Ravel.
The rousing conclusion will
be the finale of Stravinsky's
Firebird Suite, the composers
first ballet that rocketed him
to fame.
The orchestra, sponsored by
the DC. Recreation Depart
ment, was founded In 1884.
DR.. Frederick Fall, conductor,
is also the artistic director
ana conductor of the WaShin-
ton Civic Opera Association.
The players are all trained
musicians who hold fuIl-time
jobs in many fields.
TO HEAR
Lectures
John Ruddley, Abstract
Painting-ItS Why and Where
fore" $3.50 pm, Corcoran
Gallery of Art Auditorium.
Rev. Francis Dvornik, pro-
lessor of Byzantine history,
Dumbarton Oaks, Central
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

facilities to Yugoslavia. These re-
strictions were adopted In the face
Of the most solemn and formal
sort Of warnings and objections on
my part, conveyed to congress
sional leaders on many occasions
and In many ways. It seems to me
that a problem Is arising here to
which we shall all Of us have to
give attention sooner or later. If I
had known, for example, when I
was offered the position of Am
baSsador in Yugoslavia, how little
value the Congress would assign
to my own judgment, in the light
Of an experience Of nearly thirty
years in the affairs of the Eastern
European area, I would not have
accepte d the appointment; for
without the support Of Congress it
was impossible to carry out an eff
fective policy there. do not know
how this sort of a situation can be
avoided; but I think members of
Congress might wish to bear in
mind that there Is usually price
to be paid, not just in terms of the
peace of mind of the person most
affected, but in terms of the ma
tional interest itself, when an Am
basSador'S recommendations are
wholly disregarded on the legisla-
tive side of the Government; for it
is not Just his usefulness in the
given question, but his usefulness
as q whole, which Is thereby af-
fected.
4. Lack Of access to information
in files at home.
found myself particularly
handicapped, as Ambassador. by
lack of information as to what
was going on at home in matters
affecting our work in Belgrade, or
of information about Yugoslavia
to which other departments or
agencies of the Government were
privy. For example, 1t was impor-
tant to us, from the standpoint Of
determining policy towards Yu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Motives Of the U. S.

United States motives in OPEN
ing diplomatic relations with Rus
sal apparently began with Roose-
velt's feeling. expressed to Hull,
that two great nations like Amer
lea and Russia should be on
speaking terms"
There were at least two i'm
mediate and practical considera-
tions. One was Roosevelt's dis
cernment, at least In dim outline,
Of q combination Of aggressive
powers which would challenge the
status quo in q few years and
probably wreck the peace Of the
world.
Hull quoted himself as telling
Roosevelt at that time "the world
is moving into q dangerous period
both In Europe and in Asia, Rus
STA could be q great help in sta
bilizing this situation as time goes
on and peace becomes more and
more threatened"
But If the United States was
going to get help from Russia In
promoting q coalition Of the sta.
tus quo powers-centered around
Britain and France-it would bt
essential to have relations witt
the Soviet Union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

United States internal affairs by
plotting and working for the over
throw Of the American Govern
ment from inside this country.
Two years later, In 1885, Moscow
played host to the All-World Con-
gress Of the Communist Interna-
tional. This was attended by
American Communist Party lead
ers who participated In discussion
of plans for Communist activities
in this country.
Hull protested that the activity
In Moscow was q fragrant VIOLA
ton Of the noninterference
pledge. The Soviet government
replied that 1t should have been
obvious to everyone that the So
Wet government could not be re-
sponsible for the activities of poll
teal parties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

able; and they could hardly have
been better accomplished than
they were. These activities were
conducted by talented, devoted
people, who gave all they had to
the job. Who was I to complain?
1t was difficult for me to Judge
the necessity for the relatively
large military staffs. I suspected
they were larger than they needed
to be; but what was at issue here
might have been q matter of two
or three people. A cut of this or
der would not have helped us
much.
6. Quality Of Staff
I think I may have been par
ticularly fortunate, in Belgrade, in
the quality of personnel assigned
to work with me. In the case of
the regular Foreign Service Of
ficers, cannot say whether this
happy result was achieved as a
result Of the arrangements for Sc
lection and promotion with the
service, or in spite of them. I still
have misgivings about a service so
large and so impersonal in its adj
ministration. I suspect that this
feature-the feeling Of being a
lost cog In great machine where
no one really knew you and your
fate would be decided largely by
what came out Of business ma
chine-reSted heavily, at times,
on the morale of the men them
selves. But in general, the Foreign
Service work breeds its own mo-
rale, outwardly undemonstrative,
often not externally visible, but
inwardly far tougher and more
devoted than Is generally rallied. I
can only say that my officers
were, without exception, fine men,
only too anxious to give loyalty
where loyalty was given In return,
anxious TO learn, TO grow IN their
work, and to serve effectively.
7. Inspection Arrangements
Shortly before my departure,
the B elgrade Embassy was in
spected. I would like to say that I
have never seen an inspection bet
ter conducted: that is, more thor
oughly, more vigorously, yet with
greater tact or with greater bene-
fit to the staff and to the func-
tioning Of the mission.
8. Career vs.. nOn-career
On the law of averages, profess
sional training in the Foreign
Service should constitute the best
preparation for service as chief of
mission, and the majority of our
mission chiefs should normally be
drawn from this source. There
will always be room, however, for
people who have come up other
la dders, particularly when they
enjoy a special intimacy with
President or Secretary of State
and are well qualified In other
respects. In the course of a long
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

career, have seen a number Of
talented people come into these
positions from other walks Of life,
In Belgrade, one did not have to
go far to find such an instance:
we had, next door In Bulgaria,
Mrs. Eugene Anderson, for whose
performance there many Of Us felt
much admiration. Any system so
rigid as to forfeit the services Of
such people would be self-defeat-
ing. On the other hand, I am pro-
foundly convinced that the day
has passed when the United
States can afford to place In high
diplomatic positions people who
represent anything other than the
best available talent for the work
in question, whatever their origin,
their professional background, or
their services to q political party.
8. Tours of Duty
I feel that, In general, the am
bassadorial tour Of duty should be
three to four years, at q mini
mum. The same is true Of foreign
service personnel who have special
training In, and knowledge Of, q
particular area. I felt that our
performance in Belgrade was def
nitely weakened by too rapid a
turnover in qualified personnel.
10. General organization Of Gov
eminent from standpoint Of for
eign affairs
1t remains my view, as it has
been for many years, that the
President requires something in
the nature Of a prime minister for
the conduct, on his behalf, Of the
external affairs Of the nation, po-
Etical, economic, and military. To
my mind, this can only be the
Secretary of State; and I would
like to see him given the requisite
authority. Such q change implies,
however, a readiness to establish
and to maintain, not Just in time
of war but in time Of peace as
well, what the German historian
Meinicke described as the "priori-
ty of foreign policy"-m "a ming
the principle that the external
problems of the country should be
given precedence over the internal
ones, and that foreign policy
should not be permitted to
become a function Of domestic
political convenience. To me, 1t
seems urgently necessary that this
change, which is one Of the state
of mind rather than of admin
istrative reform, come over US all
at an early date, for our situation
now. in what is nominally a state
of peace, is far more parlous than
it ever was, prior to 1945, In time
of war But obviously, such an eff
fort to centralize and strengthen
the conduct of foreign policy will
never be effective unless it has
the support Of Congress and, to a
limited and reasonable extent, Of
the two great political parties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

ed the developed and wealthy
Western nations to finance Rus
sia's reconstruction as q modern
industrial power. Their aim was
to have Russia become the secure
base Of an expanding Communist
system that would take over the
western nations.
When Litvinov spent several
days in Washington in early No
vember. 1888, at Roosevelt's invi-
tation, this turned out to be one Of
the problems he couldn't solve.
For whether or not Americans
then understood the subtleties Of
Soviet behavior and international
relations they certainly under
stood money. The fact they could
not get away from was that they
were claiming o total Of 1928 mil
lion Of debts made before the
revolution which the Soviet gov
eminent had refused to pay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

goslavia, to know definitely
whether the Yugoslavs were or
were not conducting any sort of
activity in this country to which
we could object. It was my i'm
preston they were not; and If
anything they were doing here
lent itself to any such interpreta-
ton, this is something I think I
could have discussed to good eff
feet with the Yugoslav authorities
in Belgrade. But in the absence Of
any sort of iaison with the inter-
nal security organs of our own
country. we simply had to bat in
the dark In all such matters.
I understand the reasons that
impel our NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
authorities to be cautious about
divulging to anyone information
they have In their files. But the
Department Of State and the For
eign Service cannot do their work
properly II they are denied infor-
nation, already in the Govern
ment's files, which is pertinent to
their determinations Of policy. I
am reluctant to believe that
means could not be found, COM
patible with governmental security,
to keep the Foreign Service at
least as well supplied with such
information as the governments
with which it has to deal.
5. DEVASTATING
Members Of this subcommittee
may recall that was one of those
who at one time expressed himself
as being Of the opinion that De-
partment of State and Foreign
Service were both greatly over
stated. I cannot speak. today, for
the Department Of State. But
should like to say that so far as
the official establishment in Yu-
goslavia was concerned, ! found
myself in most respects corrected.
1t is true that this establishment
was a great deal larger than the
Foreign Service establishments in
which I had served before the
war. 1t included, for one thing, a
large USIS component-some-
thing which we did not know at
all in earlier days. The admins
trative section, too, was larger
than anything we knew in earlier
days. There were also some minor
instances Of what seemed to me to
be excessive paternaliSm. But when
I looked around and asked myself
where I could cut, beyond those
major cuts which attended the dis
mantling of the aid mission, it was
not easy to find the places. I could
have objected to the size of the in
formational establishment, had it
not been for the fact that these
people were doing an extraordi-
narily perceptive and effective JOB,
and making, as it seemed to me.
the fullest possible use of their
time and facilities. Either one
wanted these things to be done, or
one did not. To me, they seemed
obviously constructive and deSir-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Why an Ambassadors Job Is Hard A KEENAN, Report

George r. KEENAN,, who re-
Gently retired a. Ambassador to
YugOslavia, has . record Of
more than Is years In the State
Department and the Foreign
Service. He served as the De-
partment's policy planning di-
rector and IS Ambassador to
the Soviet Union. He Is now
permanent professor at the In
stitute for Advanced Study at
Princeton University. Recently
he was invited by the Senate
Subcommittee on National Sc
curity Stating and Operations
to submit . statement on secur-
ity administration. Parts Of his
remarks follow;
Since I appeared before the
Subcommittee on National Policy
Machinery on May 26, 1850,
have served for nearly two and a
half years as Ambassador to Yu-
goSlavia. I shall not attempt, In
this statement, to go over the
same ground covered in the state
ment I made ct that time, but
shall restrict myself, generally, If
I may, to the impressions Of this
recent ambassadorial experience.
I. The position Of the Ambassa-
dor with relation to the country
team.
I assume that the members Of
the Subcommittee will be interest
ed, In the first instance, to have
my impressions q bout relations
between the Ambassador and 9TH
er members Of the country team,
on the basis Of this recent expert
ence as Ambassador in Belgrade.
I must say ct once that I encoun-
tered no difficulty whatsoever in
exerting what seemed to me to be
adequate authority over the entire
American establishment in Yugo-
slavia. It may be that I was IA
vored in being surrounded with a
group Of exceptionally able and
loyal assistants, whose abilities I
myself admired, whose judgment I
valued, and whose attitude to-
wards myself was at all times
eagerly and enthusiastically CO.
operative. But aside from this for
tunate circumstance, had the
impression that the authority of
an Ambassador over official Amer
lean personnel stationed In this
country 10 Just about whatever he
wants to make it.
3. Relations with the Depart
ment Of State, and other agencies
In Washington.
A much more serious limitation
on my own effectiveness In shap-
ing policy towards the country In
which I was stationed was pre-
scented by inability to get recon-
mendations accepted in Washing
ton. I rarely had difficulty In this
respect when 1t was q case Of poll
cy matters on which the Depart
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Settling the Debts

The United States was willing
to settle the Czarist debts for about
IS cents on the dollar, perhaps
less. Litvinov was willing to work
out some kind Of q formula pro-
vided that the United States
would first grant extensive credits
in other words, finance the Rus
sian payment Of the debt.
Litvinov and Stain were also
worried about the fact that If they
paid the United States they would
get bills from many other nations
with claims dating from before
the 1917 revolution.
To this day Russia and the
United States have never sue
ceeded in resolving the debt prob
lem.
On other issues involved in the
negotiations on recognition tn e
ultimate solution was In most
cases simply to drop the matter or
protest from time to time without
any hope Of remedy.
For example Russia had pledged
In one Of the Roosevelt-Litvinov
documents not to interfere In