davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-04-10
POPE
Continued From Page Al

~-~N-~~-
first Of 800 encyclicals issued
since 1740 to be devoted ex-
clusively to a systematic analy-
sis Of peace in all its aspects
political, social. theoretical,
theological and practical.
It also was the 1irst papal
encyclical in history specifically
addressed to nom Catholics as
well as Catholics.
Dated for Holy Thursday
Although signed by the Pope
yesterday and made public to-
day, the letter was dated to-
morrow. April IL. Pope John
said he did this so it would
carry the date Of holy Thurs
day. lg
The encyclical, the eighth
since Pope John became ruler
of the Roman Catholic church
/ in 1858, was divided into an
introduction and five parts.
It's five parts dealt with re-
lationS between man and man
relations between the in
dividual and public authorities
relations among political CON-
munities. relations of indi-
viduals and individual COM
munitieS with the world COM
munity, and the church's role
in peace.
In the last part the Pope
emphasized a need for prayer
and said he hoped the light OF
Christ would illuminate the
minds Of the worlds leaders.
Pope John touched on q
broad range Of current prob.
lens. appealing for religious
peace, social peace, economic
peace and political peace.
Every human being has the
right to honor God according
to the dictates of an upright
conscience and therefore the
right to worship God privately
and publicly" he wrote.
Sees Right to Work
Human beings have the ma.
tural right TO free initiative ir
the economic field, and the
right to work." he added. Thi.
right, he said. includes the
right to proper working con.
ditions and to private property
Politically, he said. human
beings have the right Il
give the societies Of which
they are members the form
they consider most suitable fol
the aim they have in view"
The condemned colonialisn
and racism in these terms:
Men all over the world hav,
today-or will soon have-thc
rank Of citizens in independent
nations. No one wants TO fee
subject TO political powers 10.
Gated outside his own country
or clinical group.
Thus in very many human
beings the inferiority complex
which endured for hundred,
and thousands Of years Is dis.
appearing while in others there
is an attenuation and gradua
fading Of the corresponding
superiority complex which hac
It's roots in social-economiS
privileges, sex or politica
standing.
On the contrary, the con.
viction that all men are equa
by reason OF their natura
dignity has been generally
accepted.
Hence racial discrimination
can no longer be justified. al
least doctrinally or In theory.
"And this is OF Fundamental
Importance and Significance
for the formation OF human
society :"
Notices Arms Stocks
Touching on disarmament
the Pope said:
1T is with deep sorrow thai
we note the enormous stock
OF armaments that have beer
and still are being made ir
more economically developed
countries, with a vast outlay
OF intellectual and economic
resources.
Justice. then, right, reasor
Evening star., 1963-04-10

not in position to tackle them
with any hope of a positive
solution. ...
The public authority Of the
world community is not in
tended to limit the sphere Of
action of the public authority
of the individual political COM
munity, much less to take its
place. On the contrary, its pur-
pose is to cerate on a world
basis, an environment in which
the public authorities of each
political community, its citizens
and intermediate associations
can carry out their talks, fulfill
their duties and exercise their
rights with greater security.
AS is known, the United Ma
tons Organization was estab-
lished on June 26, 1945, and to
1t there we're subsequently
added intergovernmental agen-
cies with extensive international
tasks in the economic social
cultural educational and health
fields. The United Nations Or
ganization has as its essential
purpose the maintenance and
consolidation of peace between
peoples. fostering between them
friendly relations, based on the
principles Of equality, mutual
respect, and varied forms oi
cooperation in every sector oi
human society.
1t is our earnest wish that
the United Nations Organiza-
tion-in its structure and in it.
means-may become ever more
equal to the magnitude and no.
bility Of its tasks, and that the
day may come when every hu.
man being will find therein ar
effective safeguard for tht
rights which derive directly
from his dignity as a person
and which are therefore uni
versal, inviolable and inalien.
able rights.
Children Reminded
Once again. we deem it op.
perfume to remind our children
Of their duty to take an active
part in public life and to con
tribute towards the attainment
of the common good of the en-.
tire human family as well as Il
that Of their own political com.
munity.
1t is necessary that human
beings, in the intimacy of theil
own consciences. should so livl
and act in their temporal live
as to create a Synthesis between
scientific, technical and pro,
fessional elements on the on,
hand, and spiritual values OF
the other.
It is no less clear that today
in traditionally Christian ma,
tions, secular institutions, al
though demonstrating a higl
degree Of scientific and tech,
nical perfection. and efficienc,
in achieving their RESPECTIVE
ends. not infrequently are bur
slightly affected by Christian
motivation or inspiration. d.
Vast Field for Meetings
1t is our opinion, too, that tn,
aforementioned inconsistenc.
between the religious faith, IL
those who believe. and their &C,
tivities in the temporal sphere
results-in great part II not en-
tirely-from the lack OF a sole
Christian education.
$50
The doctrinal principles out.
Evening star., 1963-04-10

however, that by meeting and
negotiating men may come to
discover better the bonds that
unite them together, deriving
from the human nature which
they have in common: And
that they may also come to
discover that one of the most
profound requirements Of Their
common nature is this: That
between them and their ne
spective peoples it is not feaI
which should reign but love
a love which tends to express
itself in a collaboration that
is loyal, manifold in form and
productive of many benefits.
World More Complex
As a result Of the far-reach-
ing changes which have taker
place in the relations between
the human family, the univer-
sal common good gives rise tC
problems which are complex
very grave and extremely ur-
gent, especially as regards Sc
curity and world peace. On the
other hand the public authori.
ties Of the individual politica'
communities - placed as theJ
are on a footing Of equality
one with the other-no matter
how much they multiply theil
meetings or sharpen their wit
in efforts to draw up new jurid'
ical instruments they are M
longer capable Of facing thu
task of finding an adequate
solution to the problems men
toned above. And this Is no
due to a lack Of good will or o.
a spirit of enterprise, but be-
cause of a structural defec
which hinders them =.
It can be said, therefore, tina
at this historical moment thu
present system Of organization
and the way its principle o.
authority operates en- a worlC
basis no longer correspond tt
the objective requirements o
the universal common good. =.
Public authority havini
worldwide power and endoweC
with the proper means for th'
efficacious pursuit Of its objec
tive, which Is the universe
common good in concrete form
must be set up by common &C
cord and not imposed by force
Even though there may b
pronounced differences between
political communities as re
CARDS the degree of their eco
nomic development and thei
military power, they are al
very sensitive as regards thei
juridical equality and thei
moral dignity. For that reason
they are right In not easil!
yielding in obedience to an au
thority imposed by force, or Il
an authority in whose creation
they had no part. or to which
they themselves did not decid'
to submit by conscious and fret
choice. ..
Not In Position to Handle
The public authority Of tn
world community must tackl
and solve problems Of an eco
nomic. social, political or cul
tural character which are poset
! Ia 4
Evening star., 1963-04-10
Excerpts From Popes EncycIca| on Peace on Earth

VATICAN CITY. April 10
ZAP. - Following are er-
cerpts from the Vatican press
office English translation OF
The encyclicGl "Pdcem in
Terris" peace on Earth OF
Pope John XIII:
Evening star., 1963-04-10
Not In Position to Handle
World More Complex

The public authority Of the
world community must tackle
and solve problems Of an eco
nomic. social, political or cul-
tural character which are posed
by the universal common good.
For, because Of the vastness,
;omplexity and urgency Of those
problems. the public authori-
tiles OF the individual states are
Evening star., 1963-04-10
Introduction

Peace on earth, which men
o. every era have most eagerly
yeerned for, can be firmly es-
tabnshed only If the order laid
down by God be dutifully OBJ
2rved.
Evening star., 1963-04-10
Arms Burden Noticed

On the other hand, II is with
deep sorrow that we note the
enormous stock OF armaments
that have been and still are
being made in more econom-
ically developed countries, with
vast outlay Of intellectual end
economic resources. And so II
happens that, while the people
OF these countries are loaded
with heavy burdens, other
countries as a result are de-
Evening star., 1963-04-10

Although this was not
adopted as a permanent policy,
Evening star., 1963-05-03

cutting officials and courts, and
the attitude Of the public
toward law enforcement are
among the many factors.
1t is my firm belief that the
public attitude toward law en-.
forcement is a major and basic
cause of the current crime in
crease. Too many people TO-
day are concerning themselves
only with rights. They arr
ignoring responsibilities. ToC
many citizens have adopted q
don't get-involved" attitude
about matters of crime.
In a midwestern city recent.
ly. six people witnessed an as
sault by three men on a fourth
man. yet not one Of the si1
made any effort to render as.
siStance. Not one Of the Si1
even bothered to call the po.
lice. Their reasons for mac.
ton ranged from Thought il
was a drunk" to Didn't wan
to get involved" The victim
Of the assault, incidentally, wa,
found several weeks later, hi,
battered remains in a shallow
grave.
There are an average of just
under two police employees fol
every 1000 inhabitants in thu
United States. Obviously, thes'
these men and women cannot
personally cover all potentia
! trouble areas. Law enforce
Evening star., 1963-05-03

ment must depend on citizens
who will report criminal acts
and later testify about them
Q. Crime prevention, every
body agrees, Is better than
collaring an evil-doer after the
act, How can we prevent
crime?
A. Crime prevention should
be approached from two points
Of view. First. there is the
moral issue. We must strive
harder to eliminate some of the
recognized shortcomings of our
society such as slums, poverty
lack Of opportunity and broken
families which are breeders OF
crime. Our moral standards
must be raised to the point
where wrong is condemned and
strongly opposed.
Secondly, there is what
shall call the logical issue-tht
matter Of realistically holding
those who violate the law re-
sponsible for their acts. There
is a vocal minority in the
country today which goes to
almost any extreme to protect
a criminal regardless Of his
crime or his potential danger
to society. We can never hope
to prevent crime when some OF
our courts. parole and proba-
ton authorities are nothing
more than revolving doors
which time after time turn
back hardened criminals to
prey on the public.
Evening star., 1963-05-03
FBI Chief Suys Apathy
Boosts Crime Rate

1850 through 1862, serious
crimes in the United States
surged upward by ia per cent,
These cold facts are sufficient
to show that crime is one OF
the most serious problems fac
ing the Nation today. Over 2
million crimes of murder, for
chile rape. robbery, aggravated
assault. burglary. larceny Of $50
and over, and automobile theft
were committed in 1862.
Serious crime has increased
five times faster than the Ma
tion's population in the five
years preceding 1862.
The current trend, unless re-
versed, foretells a tragic break
down of law and order which
will require drastic action to
avoid chaos.
@. What is causing this in
crease in crime?
A. There are any number of
factors involved in the crime
problem. The size Of a COM
munity; density. age, race. sex,
economic status, mores and
stability of its popula ton:
climate; effectiveness and
strength of police agencies: ef-
ficiency and policies Of prose-
Evening star., 1963-05-03

pedition reached the snow
encruSted crest at / pm.
Wednesday. 1t was presumed
these men were both Ameri-
cans, but there was a possibility
one might be a Sherpa
mountain guide.
The latest message radioed
from the expeditions base re-
ported all personnel were well.
Presumably, the two climbers
returned from the crest to the
assault camp, 1928 feet down
the mountain.
The names of the teams and
their achievements will be re-
Evening star., 1963-05-03

leased only after all planned
attempts are completed.
BY a process of elimination
an expedition spokesman listed
the eight names from the 1S
Americans on the mission. The
10 others. he said. were engaged
in other tasks.
Besides Mr.. Bishop the eight
include DR., David l.. Dingman,
26, Baltimore; Expedition
Leader Norman Dyhrenfurth,
A, Santa Monica. Calf;
Luther @. Jerstad, 26, Eugene,
Oreg.; Richard Pownall, S5,
Denver, Colo; Barry w.
Prather, "a, Ellensburg, Wash;
DR.. Gilbert Roberts, 20, Berke-
ley, Calf. and James w,
Whitaker, 80, Redmond, Wash.
Dingman and Roberts are
physicians; all but Mr.. Prather
are married men. Mr.. Dyhren-
furth is not considered a strong
candidate for the summit be-
cause Of his position as leader,
his age and the severe laryn-
gifts he experienced on this
and other previous high Hima-
layan climbs.
Second Team on Way
The expeditions plans called
for a second team. which had
been climbing a day behind the
first group, to press on to the
summit. This would match q
Swiss feat in 1856. when two
teams reached the peak on
successive days.
Later, a third American team
Evening star., 1963-05-03
Bethesda Man Listed Among Eight
Making Final Everest Assault

KATMANDU, Nepal, May
(AP). - With the Stars and
Stripes flying from the roof OF
the world, names Of the Ameri-
cans who reached Mount
Everest's summit remained a
secret today. But the list was
narrowed to eight.
An expedition spokesman said
the eight include those who
might have been in Wednes-
days successful assault on the
20,020-foot peak or who might
be on a second team that even
now could be tackling the sum-
NIT.
One Of the eight was Barry
c. Bishop, 80, Of 62l2 Wagner
lane. Bethesda, Md, a photog-
rapher and scientist with the
National Geographic Society.
an important sponsor Of the
expedition. Mrs. Bishop, a
former teacher in Montgomery
County schools, accompanied
her husband as far as Nepal.
Mr.. Bishop has been with the
Geographic Society since 1859.
He took part in a Mount Nc
Kinley expedition in 1851, was
the United States observer on
an Argentine Antarctic trip in
1867 and in 1861 was
with Sir Edmund Hillary on
an expedition to Everest, which
Hillary climbed in 1858.
All Personnel Well
Little more news has come
out Of the Himalayas since the
electrifying word Thursday
that two members Of the ex-
Evening star., 1963-05-03

was to try for the top. But IL
Katmandu today there was nj
word beyond the bare an
nouncement that the first team
had reached the peak anC
planted the United States Flag
New zealander Edmund Hill,
lary-now Sir Edmund-and {
Sherpa, Tensing Norgay, frs
climbed to the ice-crusted peal
on May 20, 1858.
In addition to the British
conquest and the two success.
full Swiss climbs in 1855, the
Chinese Communists claimed
that they reached the summit
in 1860 and left a statue Of
Mao Tze-tung.
Expedition Costly
The first American team fol-
lowed the Hillary route up the
Southeast side, with drops oil
5000 to 10000 feet on both
sides. The second team planned
to follow the same route. The
third hoped to forge a new
trail up the rocky west ridge
the border between Nepal and
Communicated Tibet.
The American expedition is
the largest and costliest and
1t reached the summit earlier
in the year than any Of the
others.
Backers, chiefly the National
Geographic Society, poured
more than 100000 into the
American trek. The 895 por-
ters carried $3.50 pounds OF
food and supplies.
Evening star., 1963-05-03
BY RAYMOND J. CROWLEY
Assoeiated Press staff Writer


j. Edgar Hoover, about tc
enter his 40th year as FBl
director, cautioned the Nation
today that it faces "a tragic
breakdown Of law and order
unless crime is curbed.
The head Of the Federal
Bureau Of Investigation said
serious crime has increased by
ia per cent since 1850. One
major cause, he said, is public
apathy toward law enforce
ment-too many people adopt
Q "don't-get-involved" attitude
Law enforcement" he said,
must depend on citizens who
will report criminal acts and
later testify about them"
Here are some of the views
Of the man whose anticrime
career has made his name q
household word:
Q. Statistics indicate that
crime has been increasing in
the United States. Just how
serious is the crime problem?
A. Preliminary crime statis-
ties for 1862 revealed a 7 per
cent increase in the number oi
serious crimes over 1861. From
Evening star., 1963-04-24
GENERAL ELECTRIC CLOCK RADIO

More powerful, because it holds a tubes and {
rsetifier. This smot woker-vpper in antique whit
poIystWene eobinet has dependable GE eloeI
with sweep second hand One simple setting
and you're ready to wake up to music!
Tundra times., 1963-02-18
BE THEL RUNS MAMMOTH RACE
80 Mushers, 800 Dogs Participate In Largest Dog Race Ever Held

shotguns, with rounds of ammuni- ton. rifles, tent, sleeping bag. gallons and gallons of gas and fuel oil, stove, 100 lbs. of sugar, 100 lbs. of good feed. several gallons of paint with brushers and rollers.
 A set of flat silver, jackets. hip boots, charter time with the bush pilots, case of bread, cases of milk, and case of coffee to Paul Greg ory of Bethel, who came in last!
 Oldster Awarded
 Special prizes were awarded too, to Philip Foxie, from Alakanuk, who mushed from the most distant point with his team, David Jackson, from Akiak, for the best groomed team, and to the oldest old timer, Paul Nicholai from Kwethluk, who is 67-and still in there-mushing.
 Undaunting Spirits
 The dogteam racing in bethel is not quite like the racing at the Fur Rendezvous. I, for one, wouldn't trade the undaunting spirit of the Eskimo mushers. and the local col or, and the "all for fun and fun for all,' for the "big time'
 It's like Harper's Magazine wrote about the Tundra though it was not quite so professional as the New York Times. it has a lot more charm" Though the Bethel race may not have the professional quality of the Anchorage and Fair banks bod races, I'm sure it had lot more charm.
Tundra times., 1963-02-18

lueIe were dppTOSiIlldtely oUo logs in the race. The eighty teams had nine to eleven dogs each.
 The Veterans of Foreign Wars and Bethel businessmen went all out for the event. Prizes of cash and merchandise were valued at S3500 but value couldn't be placed on the many Bethel citizens who generously gave their time and effort to the event.
 Great Following
 The awards were made at a din- ner, given Saturday night, in the mushers' honor by the VFW and held in their fine new building. Though there is ample space for most festivities there. not so for the dog mushers' dinner. The races have created quite following here in Bethel
 Friday night, the 9th, there was a drawing for positions Native dances had been planned with Nap akiak. Nightmute. and Pilot Station competing All things were planned, weather permitting. and unfortun- ately it didn't permit.
 Fine Dancers
 The far away villages were Weathered in. which was disap- pointment to Bethel as well as to them. The Napakiak dancers, near enough to come by team, "carried on'' and beautiful dancers they are. St. Mary's dancers. headed by Billy Beans. were able to get in by plane on Monday and so their show was Monday night and beautiful dancers they are too.
 Winners
 The winners on Saturday were: Paul Andrew from Tuntutuliak, first prize of $100; Mike Chase, from Nunapitchuk, second prize of $75, and Paul John, from Nightmute, third prize of $50 Sundays winners were: Paul John, first place, Mike Chase, second prize, and Paul An drew, third. The awards were presented by "Sompy" Eliot, VFW Post Con- mander
 Paul John from Nightmute was awarded first prize of $200 for over all elapsed time and a trip to An chorage to compete in the races at the Fur Rendezvous, sponsored by Northern Consolidated Airlines and co-sponsored by VFW.
 Second place winner, Mike Chase, from Nunapitchuk. won $1OO and the same trip to the Rendezvous, sponsored by the National Guard (Mike came in 14th last year). Third place winner, Paul Andrew, from Tuntutaliak, won a transistor radio.
 Prizes
 The prizes were varied and many
Tundra times., 1963-02-18
By Elaine Clement Bethel Correspondent

Eighty dog teams participated in the largest dog team race ever to take place in Alaska It was run al Bethel on February 9 and 10.
 In fact, dog mushing authorities say it may be the largest dog race entry-wise, ever to have taken place anywhere in the world.
 Dog mushers from hundreds of miles away converged on Bethel to participate in the race.
 This is the third consecutive year for the event which has become more popular and drawn more con- testants each year.
 Paul John of Nightmute whisked across glare ice on the 32-mile course to win the first-place cham pionship in the two-day event by posting the shortest total elapsed time.
 Seventeen villages. from far and near, were represented: Akiak. Akiachuk, Bethel. Fortuna Ledge. Karigluk, Kwethluk. Marshall. Mountain Village. Napakiak, Night mute, Nunapitchuk. Pilot Station. St. Mary's, Tuluksak, and Tuntulu- 1iak.
 The teams from the Lower Yukon and Nelson Island started coming for Bethel week prior to the race because the races were planned to be held earlier. Because of spring weather and the ensuing thaws, the date for the race was postponed.
 Obstacles
 Those men mushing their teams across the tundra from the Yukon and Nelson Island some of them on the trail for and days. fought tremendous obstacle course before they ever started to race.
 The weather was warm. The trails were snowless. And there was much open water to go around rather than across.
 Some of the drivers. not to lose time taking a trail around. cut three in order to bridge some of the open water.
 Some of the men from the Yukon set beaver snares along the way hoping to find them full of beavers on their way home.
 Saturday and Sunday found all of Bethel on the banks of the Kus- kokwim River watching the teams start and come in.
 Glare Ice
 The mushers' obstacles did not end on arrival in Bethel for both days found them racing on glare ice. The 32-mile course, which took only two hours last year on snow took five hours this year on glare ice.
Tundra times., 1963-02-18

THIRD PLACE WINNER Paul Andrew, of Tuntutuliak, received the third place prize for posting the third best time in the two-day dog race at Bethel, Feb. g and 10. Tundra Times Photo by Pete Abraham.
Tundra times., 1963-02-18

SECOND PLACE WINNER-Mike Chase, of Nunapitchuk, Alaska, received second prize in the big Bethel dog race for posting the best time. Tundra Times Photo by Pete Abraham.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1963-05-02
Damascus
FLA Chapter
Wins HOnOrs

Damascus chapter of Future
Farmers of America recently
won first place in tractor oper-
alton competition among farm
youths from three counties -
Montgomery, Howard and Car.
roll-held in Frederick.
James Beall and Charles Gov.
ington made up the tractor
team and Clark Beall placed
second in the individual contest.
Kerry Wilson placed second in
the junior section of public
speaking and John Gordon
placed sixth in this class.
The soil and land judging
team of Ed Wilson, Bruce
Gladhill, Daryl Walker and
Lloyd Carrico placed fourth.
FLA chapter members are now
practicing for another judging
contest to be held at College
Park Saturday, May 8.