davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Challenged in Michigan

MICHIGAN - A challenge is
pending against the apportion-
ment Of the rural-weighted SEN
ate. Since the House is appor-
toned according to population,
the question is whether the Sem
ate must also be so apportioned.
A Supreme Court appeal has
stayed ruling that population is
the only permissible standard. A
vote is also pending on a reappor-
tionment measure.
MINNESOTA-The legislature
was reapportioned In 1859 under
Federal court urging.
MISSISSIPPI-Voters have ap-
proved q constitutional amend
ment redistricting the State for
the first time In q half century
and reducing rural strength.
MISSOURI - A constitution
adopted in 1945 has resulted in a
Senate along population lines but
strong rural control in the House.
MONTANA - The House was
reapportioned in 1851 with each
county automatically accorded
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Colorado Federal PIon"

COLORADO-Vo Voters last fall
had a choice between two re-
apportionment measures. A So
called Federal Plan" divided
House districts by population
and froze Senate districts on a
pattern favoring rural areas, al
though Denver was accorded four
more seats. 1t was approved. Vot-
ers rejected another plan to ap-
portion both houses by popula-
ton with variations of 1914 per
cent or more permitted. Gov.
John Love signed q new reappor-
tionment act following the bal
loting guidelines. A Federal court
hearing is scheduled on whether
this plan violates the Fourteenth
Amendment.
CONNECTICUT - A suit has
been filed in Federal Court con-
testing both Senate and House
appointments.
DELAWARE-The General AS
sembly passed constitutional
amendment giving urban areas
more voice In the House but
strengthening rural control Of the
Senate. 1t will go into effect in
1865 unless struck down by pend
ing Federal Court action.
FLoRIDA-A three judge Fed
eral court has approved redis-
tricting passed by the Legislature
making moderate increases In
representation for urban areas
but still leaving them under-rep-
resented by population standards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

system of nominating Statewide
officers this way. The Maryland
Committee for Fair Representa-
ton is seeking to have the sys-
tenn thrown out by the courts.
MASSACHUSETTS, = The SEN
ate was reapportioned in 1851
along population lines but in
equalities exist In the House. A
suit is pending.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
BY DAVID S. BRODER
and DANA BULLEN
Star Staff Writers

A year has passed since the
blustery March Monday when
Justice William Brennan peered
out over a tense and crowded
Supreme Court chamber and be-
gan reading the majority opinion
in the case known as Baker v.
Carr.
When he finished, it was clear
the court (by 60 majority had
opened a new chapter in Ameri-
can legal and political history.
For the first time, citizens were
allowed to test in Federal court
their contention that inequality
OF representation in State Legis-
latures violates their constitutional
rights.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Moy Run for Senate

Mr.. Taft. a corporation lawyer.
skipped a possible race for Gov
ernor OF Ohio 10 head for Con-
gress, and there is already talk
Of his running for the Senate
next year. His at-large seat In the
House will probably be eliminated,
and this would force him into a
primary against a sitting O. o. p.
Congressman. Typically. Mr.. Taft
Is keeping all possibilities open
and will make his decision at
the right time" for what looks
best.
AS a new Taft IN Washington
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

being treated in the same way.
The positions are in direct con-
flict, and the matter probably will
not be settled until the Supreme
Court rules on 1t. This is only one
Of the difficult issues posed in
cases filed with the high court
from Virginia, New York and Ala
bama-as well as In the ones
from Maryland, Michigan and
Oklahoma.
In the Virginia case, a three
Judge Federal court in Alexandria
ruled 2-1 last November that resi-
dents of urban and suburban
areas must be given increased
representation in both legislative
houses. Chief Justice Warren
stayed the lower courts order that
the Legislature be reapportioned
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Rejected in Louisiono

keIeCteo IN LoulSluno
LOUISIANA-The 1862 Legis-
lature rejected several proposed
reapportionment plans despite
threats Of court suits If no action
were taken.
MAINE-The legislature has
been reapportioned regularly,
most recently in 1861, but the
formula includes some non-popu-
lation factors which have resulted
in slight misrepresentation for
urban areas. The Legislature has
yet to act on a recommendation
to increase the size of the House.
MARYLAND-State courts d.
rected the House of Delegates be
reapportioned. The General As
sembly complied. increasing repre-
sentation for suburban and urban
areas. The State courts refused
to order reapportionment of the
Senate. The Maryland Commit
tee for Fair Representation
appealed the case to the Su-
preme Court where 1t is pending.
The Senate this month approved
a constitutional amendment max
ing House reapportionment per-
manent with still further cuts in
rural representation. The Georgia
unit vote decision last Monday
appears to rule out Maryland's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

last sentence of his narrowly
worded opinion, said:
THE conception of political
equality from the Declaration Of
Independence. to Lincoln's Get
tysburg Address, to the Fifteenth,
Seventeenth and Nineteenth
Amendments can mean only one
thing-one person, one vote"
A Jolt in These Words
The words lone person, one
vote" in an opinion that until
then had carefully avoided appor-
tionment- oriented language, came
as a jolt. These are the very
words that have become the bat
tie cry of those seeking legislative
reapportionment.
Perhaps the phrase Justice
Douglas used means nothing with
reference to the courts views on
reapportionment. Those fighting
for legislative reorganization
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Stondord Unsettled

Even the statistics are i'm
pressive. Court cases challenging
reapportionment have been filed
In So States. OF rs decisions, pre-
liminary or final, 10 have found
the existing apportionment of one
or both bodies Of the Legislature
unconstitutional. New reappor-
tionment plans have passed in
is States and are expected in the
near future in IL more.
During the last IL months Of
heavy reapportionment activity
In lower courts, the Supreme
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Discrimination Charge

OKLAHOMA - A three Judge
Federal court has declared all Of
Oklahomas apportionment laws
imperative because Of discrimi-
nation against urban residents.
The court said that II the Legis-
lature failed TO reapportion itself
the court would order this done.
An appeal Is pending before the
Supreme Court. The Legislature
has approved q compromise
measure.
OREGON Voters have rejected
q measure which would have left
population as the sole standard
for the Senate but would have
added area TO the House appor-
tionment formula also based on
population.
PENNSYLVANIA - A state
court has declared unconstitu-
tional sections OF the State
constitution guaranteeing each
county one House seat.
RHODE ISLAND - The State
Supreme Court has ruled that the
House apportionment was "in-
vidiously discriminatory" and said
reapportionment might be or
dered II the Assembly failed TO
act.
SOUTH CAROLINA-The Gem
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Survey Of How Legislatures Are Being CHANGED

This summarizes court and
Legislative action in each of the
so States on reGpportionment
IN the last year. IT'S adapted
from material complied By Con-
greSSiondl Quarterly.
ALABAMA-A three judge Fed
eral court ordered reapportion-
ment Of both houses of the
legislature. specifying the exact
distribution of seats among the
counties. 1t was the first time a
Federal court actually reappor-
toned a legislature. A State APP
peal to the Supreme Court is
pending.
ALASKA-The House was re-
apportioned In 1861 without a
court order. No court action has
been initiated to change Senate
apportionment, weighted to rural
areas.
ARIZONA-No court action has
been initiated against House dis
tricts, slightly weighted to rural
areas, or Senate districts, heavily
weighted to rural sections.
ARKANSAS - The Arkansas
Supreme Court prior to Baker v.
Carr directly reapportioned the
House. No court action has been
initiated against the Senate,
weighted somewhat rural areas.
CALIFORNIA - The Assembly
dover house, was reapportioned
in 1861. In 1862 the Assembly
approved but the Senate, weight
ed to northern, more lightly pop
ulated areas, rejected a proposed
Senate reapportionment. In the
1862 general election voters re-
jected q measure to force more
representation for Los Angeles
and other heavily populated
counties. Two suits are pending
to force Senate reapportionment,
one before a three-judge Federal
court in Los Angeles and the
other before the State Supreme
Court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
New Idoho Test

IDAHO = The Idaho Supreme
Court ruled. 80, that apportion-
ment Of the House did not vio-
late the Constitution despite its
guarantee of one Representative
to every county. A new appor-
tionment suit has been filed in
Federal Court, however.
nLINOIS-The Legislature Is
considering reapportionment of
the House. A 1854 constitutional
amendment prescribes decennial
House reapportionments on q
strict population formula, The
1864 amendment fixed Senate dis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

Mr.. Taft wants the Republicans
to come up with a sound pro-
gram" on medical care for the
aged that would continue the
kerr-Mills program supplemented
by a tax-incentive plan. He does
not favor the liberal program Of
social security financing. He adj
vocates a strong civil rights pro-
gram and says 1t would provide
"a great opportunity to win back
some Of the Negro vote" as we'll
as conform with the basic prin-
ciples OF the Republican Party"
Although he comedies the public
view is OF a q. o. p. heading
backward, he says. I'VE are not
taking a sudden veering to the
right. and I don't think that is
going 10 happen. I would be will
ing 10 run on the 1860 platform.
We can improve 1t and 90
further"
Robert Taft. jr., was born In
Cincinnati and attended schools
there. graduating from Taft
School. Watertown. Conn, and
Yale University and Harvard Law
School. From i942 10 1916 he
served as a naval officer. particle
pating In the World War II in
vaSions OF Guadalcanal. Sicily.
Salerno. Normandy and Okinawa.
a record that would do credit 10
any service hero. He then prac-
ticed law in Cincinnati. but was
elected TO the Ohio House OF Rep
resentatives four consecutive
terms starting In 1855. He served
as majority floor leader in 1851
and 1862.
In addition, he was a member
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

until a State appeal is acted
upon.
Some foresee the move to fair
apportionment benefiting the Re-
publican Party, which has sub
stantial strength in the suburban
areas and rapidly growing inter-
mediate-size cities which are now
the chief victims of under-repreL
sentation.
This is most evident in the
South, where Republican
strength, hitherto locked in isol
lated metropolitan areas, is in
creasingly being felt in State Leg
islatures.
Baker v. Carr has altered the
map Of American democracy. But
the new map. while started, has
not yet been drawn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
The 6. O. P.'s New and Smiling Robert Taft

foreign affairs than we're in Chi
cago two and a half years ago.
He feels the Kennedy administra-
ton owes the people "a frank ex-
preston Of the consequences" Of
many Of the programs it has pro-
posed and should not attempt to
gag public discussion on those
programs. He fears a one-year
$40 billion debt and what it would
do to confidence in the economy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

eral Assembly was apportioned in
1851 along population lines.
SOUTH DAKOTA-The Legis-
lature was apportioned In 1851
on population basis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
GeOrgiO's Complicated stotus

oEoRGIA--A three Judge Fed
eral court ordered the State 10
reapportion at least one" house
on a population basis and the
Assembly passed a bill reappor-
tioning the Senate along popula-
ton lines. Voters then approved
a constitutional amendment re-
quiring that Senators from multi
member counties be elected on n
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Reapportionment Leaves Wave Of Legal Moves

along population lines hope it
does, however.
The high court, after its year
of restraint, may disclose shortly
what it means to do in the re-
apportionment field.
The cases piled UP before 1t
pose important questions, among
them the basic ones of how close
to population lines representation
must be and whether both houses
of a Legislature must be related to
a population standard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

Of the Republican Policy Commit
tee in 1859 and the convention
platform group the following year,
both headed by Chicago Business
man Charles H. Percy.
Back in 1888 Alphonso Taft, a
Vermonter who moved to Cincin-
natl, launched the family on the
political path. serving as Secre-
tary Of War and Attorney Gen.
eral under President Grant. His
son, Charles P. Taft, was a news
paper owner and warehouseman
and a son by a second wife, VIII
liam Howard Taft. became the
9th President Of the Unite d
States. President Taft's son was
Senator Robert A. Taft. The Con-
gressman's great-uncle, Horace,
was headmaster at the Taft
School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
The Georgia Cose

Until last Monday, it was
thought by some that the justices
might say something In a Georgia
county unit voting case that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

House. Rural areas we're still IA
vored. however, and Louisville
Mayor William Cowger said he
would challenge the new plan in
Federal court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
In Virginia

VIRGINIA. three Judge Fed
eral court ruled 2-l that the 1862
apportionment act was unconsti-
tutional. The majority said the
act inflicted 'invidious discrim-
ination" against voters In North
ern Virginia suburbs Of WASH
ington and In the Norfolk area.
The three-judge court gave the
General Assembly until January
81 TO reapportion both houses by
population. but Chief Justice
Warren stayed the order pending
a decision on a State appeal 70
the Supreme Court.
WASHINGTON-A Federal
court found that inequalities In
legislative district populations
amounted TO invidious discrim-
ination and invited the Legisla-
ture TO reapportion In its 1858
session.
WEST VIRGINIA-The Legis-
lature has passed a bill reappor-
tioning both the Senate and the
House. Plaintiffs In q Federal
court case filed earlier have In
dicated they will continue 10
press for court-directed reappor-
tionment despite the Legislatures
action.
WISCONSIN - A three-judge
Federal court dismissed suit
asking reapportionment of legis-
lative and congressional districts
without prejudice to any similar
action after August 1, 1868, n
the LEGISLATURE has not reappor-
toned by that time.
WYOMING - The Legislature
reapportioned itself In It's 1858
session along the lines Of q little
Federal system"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Suit in New Jersey

ture has reapportioned its As
Sembly dover house,. A suit
pending In a State court con-
tends Senate apportionment "en-
tirely ignores population differ
entails"
NEW MEXICO - A suit has
been filed in a State court re-
queSting that the House be re-
districted by 1854 along pop
ulation lines. The suit did not
challenge Senate apportionment,
frozen at one member per county
in the constitution.
NEW YORK - A three Judge
Federal court has dismissed a
suit seeking reapportionment Of
both houses. The case has been
appealed to the Supreme Court.
The current Legislature is ex-
pected to consider reapportion-
ment.
NORTH CAROLINA-The Gen.
eral Assembly reapportioned the
House along population lines in
1861.
NORTH DAKOTA - Courts
have instructed the 1853 Legis-
lature to take reapportionment
action and have indicated they
will take further action II the
Legislature fails to do so.
OHIO-The State constitution
provides for Senate apportion-
ment by population. Two suits
pending In Federal court seek
House apportionment by popu-
lation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Tennessee's Original cose

TENNESSEE - The aren't
case" which spanked so much &C
ton elsewhere. Baker v. Carr, was
remanded by the Supreme Court
to Federal court in Tennessee.
A special Legislature session
adopted q new reapportionment
partially relieving discrimination
against urban areas. A three
Judge Federal court ruled the new
laws were unconstitutional but
gave the legislature until June 3,
1868, to pass an equitable appor-
tionment law. A new apportion-
ment bill. backed by rural inter-
ests and revamping only Senate
seats, last week cleared the Leg
islature and went to Gov. Frank
Clement, who was expected to
sign it.
TEXAS-The Legislature redis-
tricted the House in 1861, leaving
rural areas with considerably
more seats than their popula-
tons would appear to justify. A
Dallas mans court bid to make
a redistricting take action got no.
where.
UTAH Gov. George D. Clyde
signed into law a redistricting
bill increasing representation In
both houses for the four urban
counties which have rs per cent
of Utah's population. A suit still
Is pending in Federal court that
seeks to invalidate reapportion-
ment Of both House and Senate.
VERMONT - The State SUI
preme Court has ruled the APP
portionment of the Senate was
unconstitutional. In a special ses-
sion the General Assembly passed
a stopgap bill switching two SEN
ate seats to make populations
more even. A special commission
was to study reapportionment and
report back by the end of this
month. A suit filed in Federal
court seeks reapportionment Of
both houses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

One story claims that. as a
freshman crewman. young Taft
put his foot through the bottom
OF the Yale shell the day Of the
Harvard race. He played junior
varsity football at Yale. and
among his college mates were
McGeorge Bundy. the Presidents
adviser on international and Sc
curity affairs, and Gov. william
Scranton OF Pennsylvania.
In 1899 Mr.. Taft married
Blanca Noel. daughter OF q New
York investment banker and a
good golfer. He shoots in the low
80s himself. The couple has four
children. Robert A. II. q student
at Yale: Sarah. at Radcliffe:
Deborah. at Concord Academy.
Mass, and Jonathan. q student
here.
Mr.. Taft does a vast amount
Of reading. but tries 10 get some
time off for occasional fly fish
Ing for trout or salmon.
To no ones surprise. he says.
II enjoy politics." But he does
not like TO see q party waste OPP
portunities by "squabbling over
minor issues or wrangling over
personal differences.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

one member and additional seats
distributed according to popula-
ton. Senate membership is con-
stitutionally frozen at one mem
Der per county.
NEBRASKA General agree
ment has been reached in the
Legislature for an apportionment
bill weighted 20 per cent to area,
30 per cent to population. Passage
is expected in May with a subse-
quent test of its constitutionality
in Federal court.
NEVADA-A suit has been filed
In Federal court asking that the
Senate be reapportioned on a
population basis. The House was
reapportioned in 1861.
NEW HAMPSHIRE-The State
Supreme Court has ruled appor-
tionment Of the Senate on the
basis Of direct taxes paid, as pre-
scribed in the State constitution,
is admittedly unique" but not in
violation Of the United States
Constitution.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Little Federal Plan

Backers Of the "little Federal
PLAN, under which makeup Of one
legislative house is related to
population and makeup of the
other to area, maintain that the
system. in addition to conform
ing to the practice in Congress,
gives rural areas assurance their
interests will not be overlooked
in a Legislature dominated by city
folks.
The opposing view is that the
system followed in the Congress
resulted from the compromise re-
quired for the formation of q Ma
ton out of sovereign States and
that counties or other geographic
areas In these States never
had sovereignty to justify their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Federal Systems3

Cases from Maryland, Michigan
and Oklahoma now on appeal to
the court pose the question of
whether legislative apportionment
using the Federal analogy" meets
constitutional standards.
The phrase is a shorthand way
Of expressing the argument adj
vanced by some that since the
Congress does not base represen-
tation in both Of its houses on
population, State Legislatures need
not do this either.
Apportionment Of Legislatures
in line with such a Federal
analogy" would tend to keep at
least one statehouse a stronghold
for representatives of thinly pop
ulated areas which would COM
mand seats In excess of what a
population standard for appor-
tionment would dictate.
In Maryland, the highest State
court, in close 4-3 decision,
ruled the Legislatures upper
house does not have to relate its
makeup to population.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-17
Bank Is Picketed
By Rights Group

About IS members of thu
District Action for Racia
Equality picketed the main of.
flee of the American Security
& Trust Co. yesterday, protest
ing alleged discrimination In
the banks hiring policies. The
main office is at Fifteenth
street and Pennsylvania ave-
nue. NV.
The group claims that Of the
more than 100 tellerS employed
by the bank, only three are
Negroes. even though the bank
hires about five new tellers
each month.
Of the 70 Negroes working at
the bank, the organization says,
only IL are in jobs of response
bility, out of about 1000 en-
ployes.
A spokesman for the bank
said yesterday that "our policy
of employment is strictly a
merit hiring policy" Answer
ing the claim that the bank
has refused to meet with lead
ers of the protest, the Spokes-
man said that there had been
two interviews with representa-
tives of the group and that
another was planned for the
end of August.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-17
Festive Indonesia Marks
18th Year of independence

He said Indonesia's right To
guard the security and peace
In this part Of the world was
one major result of the recent
Manila. Summit Conference
where the Maphilindo Organi-
zation-for Malaga, Philippines
and Indonesia-was formed.
In his speech of nearly two
hours, Mr.. Sukarno said In
donesia had shown It's power
In demanding and getting q re-
appraisal Of the Sarawak and
Borneo roles In formation Of
the Federation Of Malaysia, a
situation now being studied by
a special U. N. observer team.
Reviewing his country's at
tainments In 10 years. Mr. Su-
karno cited the recent takeover
OF the former Dutch colony Of
West New Guinea as the most
marked triumph.
In a passing reference TO the
racial crisis In the Unite d
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-17
Ex-Premier Released
Firm Convicted
In Kansas Civ
Milk Price War

KANSAS CITY, Aug. II (AP)
"A United States District
Court jury convicted the Ma
tional Dairy Products Corp.
and one Of its former vice
presidents yesterday Of con-
spring to fix the price of milk
durig a 1888 Kansas City
price war.
National Dairy Products,
operating in Kansas City as
Sealtest. was found guilty on
Is Of Is antitrust counts. Ray
mond j. Wise was convicted on
all three counts against him
A defense attorney said the
decision would be appealed.
The misdemeanor carries a
maximum sentence of a year
in prison and a fine Of $4,000
for each conviction. The nine
week trial was the longest ever
held in a Federal court here.