davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-26

Injunction is crucial to in-I
dividual liberty and the integ-
rity of the Government itself" II
The AFL-CIo, In q brief
submitted to the court, has
said the North Carolina In
junction could impair the valid
ity Of union spending under all
union shop contracts.
Under a union shop, all ell
gible employees must join the
recognized union within q spe-
Gifted period or face loss Of
their jobs. Southern Railway
negotiated q union shop agree
ment about 10 years ago with
the Brotherhood Of Railway
Clerks and the Brotherhood Of
Railroad Signalmen.
80 Employees Balk
More than 80 Of the employees
in North Carolina who refused
to join the unions sued to pre-
vent enforcement Of the agree
ment. They argued. in part,
that it would be illegal to force
them to pay dues because they
object to use Of their dues
money by the unions for po-
litical purposes.
North Carolina courts en-
joined the unions from forcing
the directors to join and from
collecting dues from them. The
injunction provides, however.
that the unions may collect a
portion Of the dues If they can
prove such amounts are needed
for collective bargaining rather
than for political purposes.
Charges Violation
Arguing for reversal Of the
North Carolina ruling, Attorney
Milton Kramer Of Washington
commended the State courts vio-
lated a 1861 Supreme Court
ruling in a Georgia case In
volving similar issues. In the
Georgia case, the Supreme
Court said union members OBJ
jecting to use Of compulsory
dues for political purposes could
obtain partial refunds of their
dues payments.
Mr.. Kramer said the North
Carolina workers had no case
because the 1861 Supreme Court
ruling applies only when union
members object to specific po-
litical activities The North
Carolina workers have paid no
dues, he said, so the unions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-26

dues for political purposes from
employees who do not object,
The AFL-CIO brief went be-
yond Mr.. Kramer's argument
by urging the Supreme Court
to reconsider its ruling In 1861
that employees compelled to join
a union can prevent expendi-
ture Of their dues money for
political purposes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-26
z Scientists Find
Possible Cause
Of Cunker Sores

Two Bethesda scientists may
have found the cause Of canker
sores, extremely painful mouth
ulcers that often recur.
DR.. Edward A. Graykowski Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-26
HAVE FUN AT
JASPER
ShoWpIace Of the
Canadian Rockies
II DAYS 1914

Jasper Park Lodge made for fun Every sport 10 waiting
for YOU Riding, hiking swimming, playing golf tennis.
At your feet s gsmke Lac Beauver Side trips take you
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YouV travel In comfort on cIean experty-staffed en-
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big West" :. her towering Rockies A fabulous trip.
And your dollar goes further In Canada Between June
t-iO rates at Jasper Park Lodge are 259S lower.
For complete information see your travel agent or write
Manager, Passenger Service Centre Canadian National
Railways, $50 Fifth Ave-, New York 20, NY.
Approximate price from Washngton-neudes rail- fare Pullman,
specified meals and accommodations, with planned Sightseeing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-26
RoiI Unions Ask Upset
Of Ruling in Dues Case

Railroad unions urged the Supreme Court yesterday to
upset North Carolina Injunction prohibiting compulsory
collection Of dues from workers who object TO union spending
for political purposes.
But the LAWYER for the Directing workers argued that the
Tundra times., 1963-07-01
rvNDRA TIMES
By Thomas Snapp Times Staff Writer

Ezra Taft Benson, former Secre- tary of Agriculture in the Eisen- hover administration and one of the twelve apostles of the Mor- mon Church, gave rousing speeches to audiences in Anchorage and Fairbanks last week prophesying Senator Barry Goldwater would be- come the next President of the United States.
 Blasting creeping socialism in the U. S., and warning that this country was threatened by weakness from within" Benson said only switch to conservatism would save this country.
 He then went on to warn the press had never carried the truth about the Cuba situation, charged the United Nations was failure being used as tool by the Con- munists. praised the John Birch Society, said there was no such thing as peaceful coexistence with Communists, and said Goldwater was gaining nationwide support and could win the Republican pre- sidential nomination in 1864.
 He said Goldwater could win from support in three areas. the South, Midwest, and Inter-Moun- tain, but he also indicated he felt
Tundra times., 1963-07-01
Barrow, Top of World City,
 Gets State Police Post Today

Captain John P. .Monagle. Sr., Alaska State Police Northern Dist rict Commander, and Trooper Thomas R. Anderson went to Point Barrow on June 18th to expedite the opening on July 1, 1863 of the newest Alaska State Police post.
 Under contract which requires the trooper to patrol the streets a reasonable number of hours each
Tundra times., 1963-07-01
Dot Lake Has
 All Men Working

We'll, guess today. June 21, is the longest day of the year and tomorrow We will start down the hill again. Sure hate to see it.
 Headlines in Dot Lake: All the men are working, some for con- struction and some for Alaska State Highway Department. We sure are proud of these men.
 There is a new girl in Dot Lake, too. Sure is. a pretty one. No won- der. The most bashful guy in town got his eye on her. So does another man we don't know who's going to win though.
 That is the latest news from Dot Lake.
Tundra times., 1963-07-01
Burglar proof

Uncle Sam (who knows which side his bread is buttered on) has taken some pretty thorough steps to guar antee the safety of your US. Sav- ings Bonds.
 For example, suppose you have Bond stolen before you have chance to put it in the bank or some other safe place. You haven't a worry. It's registered in your name and you're not out a cent.
 The government gives you another Bond-no charge. Even if you've forgotten the serial number and the date and place you bought it ithough having this information speeds up the process).
Tundra times., 1963-07-01

week and to be available at any time to answer complaints or re- quests for police service, the Vil- lage of Barrow will provide the Alaska State Police with:
 l. a suitable land vehicle, which the municipality will maintain in good operating condition, and for which the municipality will pro- vide adequate gas, oil, maintenance and repair, all at no cost to the State;
 2. suitable housing for the troop CTS residence and office space at a rental cost to the State not in ex- cess of $l80O.OO per annum; and heat for same at a cost to the State not in excess of $12O0.00 per an- mum;
 3. communications at cost to the municipality not to exceed $36000 per annum. .i
 This contract differs from the complete and partial contracts pre- sently in effect in that the legisla- ture appropriated a flat $18,000 and requires Point Barrow to provide the remainder of the cost of opera ting post.
 It takes a lot of things to prove you are smart, but only one thing to prove you are ignorant. = Don Hernld
Tundra times., 1963-07-01

sonable," he said he believed "his stock is going down." "his divorce hurt him materially" and most important know he is a liberal"
 The former Agriculture Secretary went over in detail many instances during his tenure where he with stood pressures in fighting govern ment control and price supports on farm products and livestock.
 He said the American system is based on three great principles, freedom of enterprise with the right to failure and the right to choose, the right to own private proper ty, and the right to a free market, the right to exchange.
 Freedom has to be continually won to be enjoyed" Benson said. You can't sit back and say its safe for eternity"
 Benson said agricultural policies had been subjected to too much politics instead of simple economics.
 Where price has been able to play it's normal function, we have agriculture in pretty good balance. It is only in the areas where the government has tinkered where we are in trouble" he said.
 When prices are fixed above con- petitive levels, he said surpluses piled up in government warehouses. When he came into office, Benson said he had to deal with million pounds of surplus products, a bill lion pounds of dairy products alone on which the government paid million dollars day for storage.
 'If you don't think that's a lot of butter, you ought to try to move it at price above the market.
 When prices are free, the former agriculture secretary said, they re- gulate production automatically. If prices are low, production goes down. If prices are high, produc- tion goes up.
 Benson said he took controls off butter and the situation changed. The Kennedy administration, he said, put controls back on dairy products and the country now has million and a half pounds of surplus butter back in storage.
 The Kennedy administration Benson said, put controls on corn. then the farmers simply pulled their rows closer together and pour ed in lots of fertilizer and the government had "billion-dollar fiasco" on its hands.
 When he was in office, Benson said surpluses of cattle were build ing up with controls on livestock, prices were declining and the black market was flourishing. Most so- biologists in government said if controls. Some prices went up a would skyrocket and there would be revolt on the part of Con- gress, he said.
 "The President finally took off controls. Somep rices went up a little and some went down, the black market cleared up overnight, and people started eating beef again"
 "We nave travelled a long way toward socialism in this country, and encouraged Communism, Ben son said. q don't care how it is whitewashed, I am confident many of the polices adopted in this coun- try are socialistic and are not good for America"
 eff we would only realize it, gov- ernment has nothing except what 1t takes from the people. This is the time when people need to stand up and be counted lest we are going to be counted out"
 Silence during this time is not golden; it's yellow" he warned.
 He then cited the last freedom of Czechoslovakia where he said he ,...A I
Tundra times., 1963-07-01
Benson Stumps for Goldwater, Conservatism; Blasts Cuban Handling, Kennedy Policies

slovakia loved freedom, that his country would never turn Commit mist The man pointed out that pictures of Woodrow Wilson, who helped carve out the country, were displayed along with the country's leaders.
 Two years later, Benson pointed out, Czechoslovakia was taken over by the Communists, the man was arrested and put to work in slave labor camp, his business was taken over. and his family had to move from their nice apartment to a shack.
 That's Communism Benson em- phasized, And there is no such thing as peaceful coexistence with Communism
 Peaceful coexistence seems to be the philosophy of our. government today and it will lead to nothing but loss of our freedom, he warned.
 "The Communists have no morals; you can't deal with them; we find they have made 502 agreements with us and they've broken 800 of them"
 When We try to play along with them instead of standing firm when we know we are right, the Com- munists win everytime," he said.
 "Why in the world we let Khrushchev, despot, dictator, and athiest. push us around the way we do is beyond mel"
 "Everytime we have stood up against them, they have backed down. It would have been true in Hungary if we had had the courage to go in and land few marines"
 Benson said he felt deeply about Cuba where go miles from our shores there is a Communist base" and said the press had never car- ried the true situation on Cuba, that it was worse then reported.
 He said the State Department tried to save face by saying the mis- siles were all gone from Cuba, but he said he had been told by Sena- tor James Eastland that We didn't see a single missile"
 We saw something that looked like missiles, covered up. but we never got aboard ship
 'It appeared that Khrushchev took one step backward, but in- stead he took two steps forward" Benson charged.
 'He got the assurance we would not invade Cuba, that he could es- tablish Communist base there to infiltrate all of South and Central America.
 Benson said he had been in all of those countries, that he had din- ner with Battista before Castro came in.
 "It's true Battista was dictator, but he was our friend He had the greatest library on Abraham Lin- coin in Latin America"
 He said the U s. State Depart. ment "shot throughout with social ists," let Communism engulf Cuba.
 At the time he said Earl Smith, the ambassador to Cuba, was plead- ing with the state department not to withdraw arms to Battista, that special intelligence officer of the Agriculture Department was re- porting that he would stake his reputation on the fact that Castro was a hard core Communist"
 But he said the State Depart ment disagreed and called Castro the Great Liberator of Cuba" At the same time he said the NEW YORK TIMES in an editorial called Castro the George Washington of Cuba"
 Finally, he said Smith, stood it it as long as he could, then retired"
 He said the country never had such issues as it had now and would
Tundra times., 1963-07-01

This theft protection is just one more of the many reasons why your fellow Americans have over $46 bil- lion invested in Savings Bonds-a powerful answer to the people who threaten to bury us economically. So buy Savings Bonds. And see if you don't feel pretty good about it.
 Quick facts about
 US. Savings Bonds
 You get $4 for every S3 at ma. turity You can get your money any time . You can buy Bonds on the Payroll Savings Plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17

Then he ordered the ducktail
haircuts shaved off and the
defendants to spend the next
four weekends cleaning up
the beach under police su-
pervision.
This was not according to
the script. The finger-snap-
ping stopped abruptly. The
young spectators skunk away.
The beach was cleaned up
and delinquency rates
dropped fast.
THE trick" said Judge
Obermiller, was humiliation.
We took the glamour out Of
It."
Recently in Montana Judge
Lester H. Lobe of Helena cut
the kid crime rate by junking
the rule Of secrecy. The press
was invited to name names.
The courtroom doors were
opened to the public. Par
ents Of wild youngsters suf-
fered the humiliation of be-
ing identified with their
children's crimes.
When Judge Lobe gave q
kid one more chance. he
didn't make q speech about
the Pilgrim Fathers and
George Washington. He had
a shorter one. He'd say, Next
time you come here bring
your toothbrush" They got
the message.
In view Of these expert
ences some penologists are
suggesting q new approach:
the quick, sharp punishment
for those youths who have
violated at least one parole.
A work farm. Sentences no
shorter than three days and
no longer than a week. In
dividual barred cells-no fra
ternizing. Reveille at 5 am,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17
Race Crisis Mediation Urged

lomats call q ''m0dus Wv
endi?" This means finding
a way Of living with q baf-
fling problem.
Some Of the proposals to
be explored for certain areas
where feeling Is deepest
could include a system based
on the principle Of freedom
Of hoice-Schools for those
who prefer all-white or all
Negro institutions, and
schools for those who prefer
integrated institutions for
their children. The same de-
vice could be used in parks,
other recreation areas and
swimming pools. It might be
considered expensive to have
such extra facilities, but ra-
cial disturbances. in the long
run, could be far more ex-
pensive.
On the subject Of discrimi-
nation in hiring, personnel
boards Of citizens in each
community could be set up
which would act as unoffi-
cial advisory bodies. Their
recommendations would not
be binding on the owners Of
any private business, but
they would doubtless carry
a good deal Of weight and
would at least gradually in
crease the total number Of
Negroes employed. Merit
alone would be emphasized
as the main basis for hiring
new employees.
Meanwhile, in order to
bring about an atmosphere
Of Cancellation, 1t would be
necessary for all outdoor
demonstrations and parades
to be halted for at least q
nine-month period Of truce
across the Nation. The usual
meetings for speakers to
argue public questions could
be held indoors in various
auditoriums that are always
available for such purposes.
Also, Congress would be well
advised during the truce pc
Rod to defer the passage Of
new legislation interfering
with the rights Of owners Of
private businesses to hire or
fire employees or to choose
their own customers.
It might be. noted that In
the past the voice Of reason
has won more victories for
mankind than wars, ever did.
g 1858, New York Herald Tribune, Inc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17

gories which have existed for
other areas since World War II
The question now posed BY
both former Presidents Is how
far the inter-American system
can 60 to correct that error
United States officials firmly
agree with the Latin American
leaders that q new multilateral
framework is necessary.
But the real fight viii de-
velop over how much power to
give the proposed new Com
mittee for Inter-American De-
velopment. Mr.. Kubitschek
would have 1t both decide on
and dispense United States aid
funds under the loose guidance
of the yearly meetings Of hem
ispheric economic ministers.
United States officials :
with one eye toward Congress
= would like It TO give high
powered advice and co-ordina-
ton TO aid and reform pro-
grams under the alliance, with
an informal United States
veto"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17
JENKIN LLOYD JONES
How to Punish Tough Punks

take advanced courses in
crime and vice, there is
good cause for concern. For
reform schools rarely reform.
Neither the old bleak re-
formatories nor the fancy
new semi-resort hotels are
doing what they were de-
signed for.
They may teach Q trade,
Of sorts. but the inmate
generally emerges with, q
wide acquaintance among the
upcoming generations Of
criminals and o determine
ton to score on the cops the
next time.
So II no punishment doesn't
work, and reformatory
punishment doesn't work
what then?
Last summer Judge william
j. Obermiller Of Whiting, In
diana, q Chicago Industrial
suburb, found himself con-
fronted by q group Of youths
aged II to 10 who had been
drinking and fighting on q
beach.
The defendants ran combs
through their luxuriant hair.
snapped their fingers and.
talked bop" talk. The rest of
the gang filled the spectators
benches to listen and laugh.
The procedure in such cases
had been to parole the de-
PENDANTS to their ineffective
parents.
Suddenly Judge Obermiller
got q different idea. He sum-
moned three husky police
men to spank the ringleaders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17
WNSenote Battle Strain National Unity
And Leave q Legacy of Bitterness?

been advocating a brave stand
so certain in his own con-
science that he would have
made the heroic decision to
challenge the long-enduring
traditions Of the South, re-
CARELESS of the risks and the
reprisals?
Unless we are aware Of the
somber pressures beating
upon these Southern Sena-
tors. we can never hope to
reach their minds during the
anxious weeks of debate that
still face us. Our failure in
sympathy, our defect Of COM
prehension, degrades a per-
sonal agony into an exercise
In political cynicism.
A practical question may
also help to stay our anger.
Where among the political
leaders Of the South today
are we likely to get a better
group Of men than most Of
the Southern Senators who
are now in Washington?
At the very least, they are
faithful representatives Of the
Southern heritage. At their
best. they point to principles
not always visible on the
Southern horizon.
They alone can speak for
the South in this critical de-
bate in the Senate. Unless all
precedents have been re-
pealed, their tone and con-
duct will not be uninfluenced
by the way their Northern
critics argue their case.
If those Northern spokes-
men with whose principles I
happen to agree) are self
righteous and are quick to
smell out a folly in the South
while remaining blind to ra-
cial tragedies in other parts
OF the country. they will kin
die a flame Of anger in the
Southern Senators that will
never be put out until many
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17

The ticky kid who slugs a
woman for her purse in order
to buy a pop" from the
corner heroin peddler y rot
a fugitive from starvation.
The vicious gang that beats
a crippled boy to death for
kicks" is not struggling for
dignity.
Perhaps one Of our trou-
bles arises from the fact that
do-gooders have drifted into
Juvenile work. Many Of these
do-gooders are 50 good them
selves that they simply can
not comprehend the psy-
chology Of evil.
They give out such soft
headed staten ents as
There's no such thing as q
bad boy" They keep trying
to tie the can Of crime to
society" while the young
punks smirk and hone their
Switchblades.
Becauses the last thing q
do-gooder would do Is scrag
an old lady for five bucks, he
cannot understand how q
child would do it unless
driven by social desperation
or uncomfortable compul-
sions. This being the case,
punishment is not in order.
Well. Of course, that APP
proach hasn't been working.
But II punishment means
putting a kid away in a re-
form school where he can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-17
FMbuster on Civil Riqhts?

precious things have been
consumed.
Far too many Of us have
taken It for granted. before
the debate has even started,
that the Southern filibuster
will be q calculated act Of
provocative folly. Would we
not be much wiser to defer
our indictment until we see
what actually is happening9
OF course. the North can
not allow itself to be fright
ened out of its principles or
scared into q compromise by
a cruel and wearing filibus-
ter. That surely requires no
emphasis.
The first few speeches for
the North will be decisive In
setting the tone for the whole
debate. If these speeches as
sert the essential principles
Of American freedom, with
out pronouncing angry moral
judgment against the South,
then the blame viii rest d.
rectly on the Southern Sen
ators II they strike random
blows Of prejudice and fear
at their critics.
Even at this hour 1t may
not be too late to risk q de-
liberate and sustained appeal
to the conscience Of the
South.
Every student Of American
history must have read with
q sense Of anguish how the
North and the South were
pushed apart In the years
before the Civil War under
the pressure Of ponderous
moralities.
We dare not repeat that
tragedy now. We must talk
to the Southern Senators not
as If they are prisoners in
the dock, but as our equal
partners in the American
destiny.
Coming weeks may show
that it is just as hard for
the Northern Senators to be
generous as 1t is for the
Southern Senators to be Just.
Copyright. 1861