davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
By Guy OkakOk Contributing Editor

l was eleven miles off shore and when I got to the high ridges turned around and looked toward the village. There above the village 1saw big smoke rising up through the air. I said to myself, "Who could they be-"
 After I had taken my smoke I went down and walked toward north, thinking I'd see polar bear tracks. While I was walking I kept on thinking whose house was burn ing.
 Little Damage
 After 8 hours walking through fhe young ice, turned right around and start home coming empty handed. When I came in I asked my wife if there was a fire any, where here. She answered and told me that there was one over at the village. It was Miles 1tta's house. The fire must have started from the gas range.
 No one got hurt and they all come out unharmed. There was little damage inside but not too seriously.
 The children's father was not in the village when the fire started. DOgteam Races
 The mushers will be leaving the village tomorrow to Wainwright Their names as follows: Joseph Tux ]
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
Mondsy. Msseh 4 lq63
ESkI0S 0vERCAME FR0STBITE; WOMEN PLAYED MAJOR ROLE

his mouth which he spreads over and around the frozen spots. Mu- cous was preferred. The thicker it was the better.
 If the reader tends to be squeam- ish about this method he should perhaps, think of the mouth to mouth respiration method now be- ing commonly used as an accepted first aid procedure.
 The ancient Eskimo contended that the application of mucous, or saliva, arrested the freezing action. He contended that mucuous had much lower freezing point and whe opplied on and around the af- fected area, the unaffected area hav- ing circulation and, therefore warm CT, helped the mucuous to retain it's warmth.
 Thawed Internally
 The next procedure was to keep mucous application out of the direct path of the wind and to add more saliva every few minutes for more warmth until the affected area was thaWed.
 The theory ofthe ancient Eskimo was. that the frozen area should be thawed by internal heat of the body and in that way the tissues would not be injured and the affected area would be free from discoloration and peeling of the skin when thawed in that manner.
 Proper Clothing
 And so. the ancient natives of the Arctic took extensive precautions against major frostbites and were uniquely successful in preventing them, knowing that serious frost bites would have been disastrous during their survival down through the ages.
 They needed their hunters free of handicaps. as much as possible, so they could pursue their calling without too much hindrance from the menace of frostbite and which they found could be effectively pre- vented through the use of proper clothing
 The women played great role in the survival of man in the Arctic. Their careful watchfulness and maintenance of their husbands win- ter wear. their own wear and that of their children, contributed im- measurably in the success of mans existence in the north country.
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
Letter to Editor
13 Luke Street Potchefstroom

13 Luke Street Potchefstroom Transvaal, Republic of South Africa January 26, 1863 Dear Sir:
 It was with great interest that I read an article in our daily morn- ing newspaper, Die Transvaler'' about your newspaper for the Eski- mos. l hope it will be a great suc- cess.
 I am very interested to cores pond with a boy or girl in that part of the world. I would appre- ciate it if they could write and understand English, Dutch, or Bel gian.
 l am nineteen years old and I have pen-friends in America and Sweden. Thank you,
 Johan Gardner
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
Japanese Professor Likes Paper

a year and one year. Would you please make an arrangement for me at once to get your paper regu- larly by air?
 May I request you agaln to send me the photographs of the first "Iunpiat Pitot" which was carried in Tundra Times.
 Your very truly,
 Masao Oka
Tundra times., 1963-03-04

MelJl University Kanda, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan February 8, 1863 Dear Editor:
 thank you very much for your kind reply of Jan. and the prec- ious materials of Eskimo Confer ence.
 I felt keenly interested in the Tundra Times, and hope it will grow as means for Eskimos and Indians to express their opinions freely, and thus to become instrumental in bet tering their life.
 I wish to be a regular subscriber of the paper; I will make the pay ment for it on receipt of your mo- tice of the subscription rate for half
Tundra times., 1963-03-04


 ectiOn on Alaska's native languages.
 People studying the languages of different Eskimo villages in Alaska soon find out that the expressions for person" vary.
 On the Kuskokwin and Yukon the word for person is "yuk" (yook). North of them, the word is "inuk." In Nunivak Island and the surrounding areas north of it. the word becomes "shuk" or "suk."
 The people refer to themselves as Yuppiit, Inupiat, (real, genuine people,, Suuget (the people,, etc.
 We encourage all Fskimos who can or want to, to write to us, in Eskimo or English.
Tundra times., 1963-03-04

forward and back. This was due, quite reasonably, to smooth surfaces of those materials that made them tend to slip.
 Finest InsOle
 The finest insole material the old time natives on the coast found was root hairs they gathered on banks next to the ocean shore.
 When the breakers were heavy the wash reached the banks and washed off the soil leaving root hairs exposed. When the breakers subsided these root hairs were dried by the wind and sun. Men, women, and children gathered them to use as insoles.
 Root insoles were crinkly and had many branchlets so that when punched they laid in all directions and in that way tended to adher in a stationary position. When stepped on, or compressed, root insoles sprung back so that constant air space was retained, making the in- sole a good insulating material.
 On the other hand, grass and hemp tended to compress into flat mass thus becoming conductor of cold temperature and transferring onto the sock and then to the feet. In very cold weather improper in- sulation of the insoles could be felt to an alarming degree Therefore, proper insoles in mukluks were most necessary and they contributed greatly in preventing major frost bites.
 Hand Protection
 Hand wear was of great import ance also. The women made gloves out of very young caribou fawn skins. This material was soft and thin enough so that it did not inn pair the free use of the hands.
 On type of glove that was used quite extensively was one with only the thumb and index finger in free use since these two digits were most actively used and the other three fingers were encased in a common enclosure. The natives found that common encasement of fingers was most advisable, out side of the thumb. so that the warmth of the hands can be re- tained in one space
 For full protection of the hands, the women made heavy mittens
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
By Howard Rock Times Editor

One of the major problems in mans existence down through time in the Arctic has been extremely cold temperatures. In meeting this great threat to themselves and the dire consequences that would result if no precautions were taken, the first unwritten law of Arctic peo- pie was to dress for cold weather In doing so. there were, amazingly, few serious frostbite problems.
 Minor frostbites were nuisances with which the ancient people had to contend Most of them, appar- ently, solved the minor frostbite problem satisfactorily and suf- tered little damage to tissues. Minor trostbites will be covered little more fully later in this article.
 The ancient Arctic people. no doubt after finding that serious frostbites were great threat to their existence, devised their cloth ing so that occurrences of this threat were kept at a minimum.
 Major Role
 Women of the Arctic communi- ties played a major role in preven- tion of major frostbites They made the clothing and it was they who watched with thoroughness the con- dition of their husbands winter wear. The men demanded that their rnukluks, parkas. gloves. mittens be kept in first-class condition. es- pecally clothing worn on their eX- tremities.
 When the husbands came home after hunting out on the sea ice all day, the wives took careful inSpec- ton of their husbands attire, es- pecially their footwear. They looked for broken sinew threading around the oogruk skin soles and when they found. even a tiny hole, or rip, they sewed it Up at once.
 Mended Quickly
 When they found that the nukluk soles had worn thin, they sewed on round pieces of oogruk skin, either on the heel or on the ball of the foot. The patching was done care fully so that the needle did not go through the whole layer of the sole: that is. the needle and sinew had to be put through between the outer and inner layer of the oogruk skin. This was done to prevent leakage
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
into the mukluk.
 Dried Thoroughly

When women found the mukluks were damp on the inside, they turned them inside out and put them to dry, up near the ceiling where there was much more heat. The drying of the inner side of the mukluks usually took about two to three hours after which they were turned right side out and al- lowed to dry thoroughly through the night.
 Early the next morning the women took the mukluks, oiled them lightly with seal or whale oil and kneaded them so they became supple. When the soles dried stiff, stout stick with a rounded end was applied and used to soften or knead the stiffened sole.
 Caribou Socks
 The hunters wore caribou socks. These were needed because the men used waterproof footwear when hunting on the sea ice. This type of footwear was used even in the dead of winter because on young ice salty slush formed when sea water and snow mixed. (Salt water seeped through young ice and formed the slush)
 Caribou socks were definitely needed along with proper insoles. The length of hair on caribou socks was usually three-quarter or an inch long. The hair was worn next to the skin. The thickness of hair on the sock was preferred at that precise thickness because it pre- vented punching which was uncom- fortable.
 InsOles
 A simple set of insoles played a great role in the prevention of major frostbites on feet among the Arctic people. Care was taken in selection of the insoles.
 Dried grass was used quite eX- tensively and it worked well, but not to the full satisfaction of the hunters or whoever wore them. When the natives acquired hemp rope, they unravelled the strands and used that This worked we'll but it, also, was not too satisfactory. Grass and hemp did not work too well because they tended to travel on the inner sole of the mukluk either to one side or the other and
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
Eskimo Word for Person. Varies

Tundra Times the Department of Lngucs Foreign at the University of Alaska will sub-
 section Aaskas native languages
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04

purchasing the booklet list
ing the places all over the
States, which someone wrote
in about. Now I am interest
ed in knowing whether
someone knows Of q small
farm, preferably in Mont
gomery County or nearby
Maryland, where o single
man could spend q week or
two this fall away from the
city?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04

stored in an attic for years.
I would love to use it, but
every time I cook something
in it, rust collects in the
steam on the lid and interior,
and ruins it.
Is there any way to remedy
this, SO I can make good use
of it?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04

to read after winch you
will be required to answer
numerous questions pertain
ing to that subject.
You may refer to the es-
say If necessary. There is
no essay on arithmetic, but
a knowledge Of fractions and
decimals combined with the
ability to reason should see
you through that.
1t is not an easy test but
is worth a try. If you fail,
you can take it again later.
Good luck!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Here's How

Reoders' cIeorins House is con-
Quoted ENTIRELY THROUGH THE
MAIL as q public service exchange
Of ideos between oreo readers. The
Stor eonnot oeeept phone coils per-
toinins TO this column. All letters
must bear the writer's full nome and
address. No advertising is printed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
About the High School EquivoIency Test
To Miss S. c., Washington
From Mrs. M. C. c., WASHINGTON

The High School Equvalency Test is specially
prepared test not designed to reveal what you know
but more your ability to reason.
If you can read and understand unfamiliar
material, you should have no trouble. There are
five tests in the series and it takes two days.
Before each test, you will be given short essay
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Farm Vacation

Mr.. G. S., Washington
In the early summer re-
quests were made in this COL
umn for information con-
corning farms where one
could spend an inexpensive
vacation.
I was not interest d in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Roincoct Switch

Mrs. C. E. L., Sedbrook, Md.
I have a boys yellow rub
Der coated raincoat, size 6
and wonder if anyone might
have a size 8 they would
like to exchange for it.
The coat has been worn
for two years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Thank you for any infor.
nation you may have.
Basement Heotinq

MTS' r. r. ATbt10L0n
We have finished off our
basement and feel we need
some type Of auxiliary heat
ing unit. The total area Is
approximately 900 square
feet. divided into four rooms,
separated by archways.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Rum Cake
Mrs. r. M, Rockville

MIS-. r. NJ, ROCKVILLE
Would someone please
share their recipe for rum
cake with me? I've checked
several cookbooks without
any success.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04

The rest Of the house Is
heated by a gas furnace US
ing hot air ducts. We would
very much appreciate hear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
READERS CLEARING HOUSE

where I might find the Lit
tie Blue Man."
My two year old son Just
loves me to sing 1t to him
and I told him I would get
the record. but local shops
say they don't carry it and
don't seem to know how to
acquire it.
I would certainly appre-
ciate the words or informa-
ton about where I could get
it.
Toys Needed
Mrs. r. w. L., jr., Rockville
A new suburban church is
being organized in our area
and we are anxious TO obtain
disable toys. Cribs, playpens,
games, Jump chairs and other
articles for setting up a nurs-
cry for infants on up, will be
quite beneficial.
I would be willing to pick
up anything in this way that
you would care to donate.
Thank you. Let me know
in writing through RICH.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
WEE WOMEN

You want to see the
movie or neck in the
balcony"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Dutch Oven

Mrs. r. A., Washington
I have q very old black iron
Dutch oven that has been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-26

to meet the new Afghan AM
bassador last night, and
hoped to polish UP details for
the September state visit Of
Afghanistan's King and
Queen.
The monarchs will not stay
at the Dukes Foxhall road
residence as Tanganika's
President did this month, he
said. It's just not roomy
enough for the Afghan party,
which also will include the
Kings daughter.
With Blair House closed
for summer renovation, the
Protocol Office must find
suitable lodgings. A home
like setting is felt to have
infinitely more appeal to for
eign dignitaries. So the Am
baSSador said a hotel suite
with as much of this atmos-
phere as possible will be Sc
lected as a substitute.
The small reception, held
outside with the embassy
garages doubling as kitchens.
was filmed by the United
States Information Service.
Foreign Service officers who
served in Bangkok and other
officials attended.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-26

This morning they are meet
ing with President Kennedy.
News stories about them al
ready are linking the couple
to the Siamese King of 1.-THE
King and 1" play, for they
are the grandchildren of the
tabled monarch.
However, reception guests
reminded each other how re-
sented is the play in Thailand,
where it is permanently
banned. The plays carica-
ture of the late King is con-
sidered disrespectful. and
fable except for his name.
A charming small hostess
in a sunny yellow dress dart
ed about in most un-O Oriental
like fashion. Black hair fly
ing, eight-year-old Achari,
youngest of the seven Artha-
yukti children, was every
where helping. The pert
young miss acts more Ameri-
can than Thai, and the Am
bassador confirmed that she
wasn't too pleased about
leaving Washington, her
home for four years.
The Ambassador leaves
September first for a post as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-26

Ambassador to Sweden. He
will go directly from here.
His replacement here will be
Sukit MIN Manhamin, for
mer Ambassador to India,
who will arrive later in Sep
TENDER.
Grandmother Role
Other ambassadorial moves
under discussion were the i'm
minent return here of our
envoy in Thailand, Ambas-
sador Kenneth Todd Young,
jr. His mother, Mrs. Young,
ST., was among guests.
1t took but a glance to see
that something big and Won
derful had happened to Mrs.
George Ball, wife of the I'm
dersecretary of State. She's
a grandmother. News of the
first grandbaby, a girl, came
from Beirut where little Lisa
was born to the Balls elder
son and his wife Wednesday
night. The new father is in
military service in Ethiopia
where he also continues to
develop his Skills as an ara
bist.
Chief of Protocol Angler
Biddle Duke said he was off
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-26
POLES and SHELVES

(QUIcK, EASY, NO HOLES IN YOUR WALLS)
You don't need tools talent to set up beautiful shelf
units like this in few minutes-in any OF lOOl or
roneements Our handsome free tondino poles lock
instantly into place. adjust to ceilings up to 81" cost
only llo5 each. The beautifully grained walnut
shelves come in g." 10" or Il" widths and in lengths
from 2 to g. Sample price: So for 4x8" shelf, fine
sonded and reodyto-oi Cabinets and drawers in wide
voriety Low cost Complete unit shown. $3.50. Bring
in your measurements and we'll help you design your
unit from our extraordinary selection Of ports Send
soc for cotoIoe of complete selection. Open week.
doY evenings till s. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-26
AUTOMATICALLY SPEAKING
Twin Bell From Bangkok
BY PAT SALTONSTALL
Star staff Writer

1t may not do away with
firing off a letter to your
Congressman or City Com
missioner.
But airing a grippe is going
to be a lot more fun when
the District Building acquires
a six-foot-tall gold, green and
red bell in its front yard.
1t may raise an ear-split-
ting din when word gets out
that the mammoth bell is q
duplicate Of Bangkok's "griev-
ance" bell. One ring Of the
ancient bell by a Siamese
citizen with q grievance, and
out would pop the King to
listen. Just how much was
done about the grievance was
not quite clear.
This little tale Of WASH
ington's sister city was told
by Thai officials and former
District Commissioner Robert
Mclaughlin. The gift is a
twin to one in front Of the
royal palace, they said.
The mere thought Of q
grievance bell was pure de-
light to American guests at
a Thai Embassy reception
last night. (Foreign chan
ceries in our neighborhood?
Pass the gong. pal. What?
They still won't give us home
rule? To the bell. d
Pictures Shown
Pictures Of the ornate bell
were circulated at Ambas-
sador and Mrs. Arthayukti's
reception in honor Of Prince
Dhani Nivat K. Bidyalabh
and Princess Sibhan Son.
akul, here on q cultural ex-
change visit. Mr.. Mclaughlin
has just returned from
Bangkok's July 4 salute to
Washington. Bangkok's Lord
Mayor Chairman Yuvapurna
presented the 1,000-pound,
specially cast bell.
The inscription reads:
Presented to the people of
Washington from the people
of Bangkok, Thailand, in
friendly commemoration Of
their sister cityhood. July 4.
1853"
The sister cities relation
ship began in June, 1861,
when the Lord Mayor was
here for the World Confer
ence of Local Governments.
Mr.. Mclaughlin was then
president of the Board of
Commissioners and has con-
tinued as chairman of the
Bangkok Washington Friend
ship Council.
But bells weren't needed
to point up Thai-United
States friendship. The Prin-
cess said she wildly remem-
bers when Thai soldiers re-
turned from European bat
tlefields in World War I,
bringing back tales Of friend
ship and admiration for
their American comrades-in-
arms.
And, as for her sister city,
she said "I'd always heard
that San Francisco was your
most beautiful city, but
Washington is as beautiful"
She found its wooded quiet
charming, and was evidently
impressed with the Nations
Capital.
For Social Enjoyment
Asked whether he had
achieved the purpose Of his
first-time visit here, the
Prince replied that there was
no purpose-"juSt social en-
joyment."
And to the question Of
whether he had found the
United States to be what he
had expected, his inscrutable
answer was, "Oh, more so,
much more So"
The royal visitors are uncle
and aunt to the present King.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-26
PATIO LOUNGERS

We think you'll be tempted 10 buy more
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WaL-lovnoeweor and Robes =. Washington,
Chevy Chose, Wheoion PIozo.7 Corners and AsxondrIo
Evening star., 1963-02-17
Ida :. Johnston,
Mother of Film
Association Chief

Mrs. Ida B. Johnston, 90,
mother of the president of the
Motion Picture Association Of
America, died yesterday at the
Resmor Sanitarium in Bethes-
da.
She suffered severe burns
from scalding water in an ac-
cident Tuesday at her home in
the Kennedy Warren Apart
mentS, 3l33 Connecticut avenue
NV.
Mrs. Johnston was a native OF
Keokuk, Iowa. Her husband,
Bertram, died when the couples
only child, Eric, was a child
He is now president Of the film
organization with offices at
1900 I street NV, and is a
former head of the United
States Chamber of Commerce.
Mrs. Johnston move here
from Spokane, Wash. eight
years ago.
In addition TO her son, she
leaves a brother, Webster Bal
linger. Of the Kennedy Warren
Apartments. and two sisters,
Mrs. Edward Keys, $500 Wood
ley road NV, and Mrs. Miriam
Berryhill, also Of the Kennedy
Warren.
Services will be arranged by
the s. H. Hines Feneral Home,
1901 Fourteenth street NV.
Evening star., 1963-02-17
Harold Griffith, Founder
Of Concrete Association

Harold K. Griffith, 81,
founder and executive direc-
tor here of the National Btu
minous Concrete Association,
died yesterday Of a heart at
tack in Chicago, where he was
attending the association con-
vention.
Formerly State road COM
missioner in West Virginia,
Mr.. Griffith took up residence
here in 1855 to establish and
manage the trade association
that represents asphalt road
paving contractors. He lived
at 2942 Mckinley street NV.
Mr.. Griffith was born in
West Virginia, and received an
engineering degree from the
University Of West Virginia.
He worked in county and dis
trlct highway departments in
his home State until his ap-
pointment as highway COM
missioner.
During World War II Mr..
Griffith served for AZ months
in the South Pacific with the
Navy Seabees.
He was a member of the
Chevy Chase Presbyterian
Church and numerous profess
sional groups. including the
American Society of Civil En-
gineers, the National Society
of Professional Engineers, the
Society Of American Military