davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-05-15

When you come up with one tool
that does the job of two or three,
frees at least two tractors for
other jobs, and pays for itself as
it goes, you can understand why
more than one farmer would
make such statement.
This is exactly what has hap
pened in the case of the amazing
Rolling Cultivator, an implement
that has brought unprecedented
acclaim from farmers, dealers,
county agents and other agricul-
tura1 specialists from one end of
the country to the other.
Here is a high-speed cultiva-
tor-working up to 10 miles per
hour-that will break crust, mulch
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-05-15
SCHOOLS

YOU TOO CAN BE AN AUCTIONEER. Write
for free booklet. Western College of Auctioneer-
ing, Billings Montana, and Meridian. Mississippi.
Write Box 1853, Billings.
WESTERN SCHOOL of Heavy Equipment Opera
ton. resident school, contractor owned and
operated For details write call r.. w. Rye,
252-1686. 1245 st. Johns Ave. Billings, Montana.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-05-15

MONTANA FARMER aSTOCKMAN is looking for
dependable men with agricultural background to
join its field sales staff. Territory will be made
available for full-time men who work days
per week. Liberal commission arrangements
State any previous sales experience You need
a Write your qualifications in a letter to
Circulation Manager. Montana Farmer-Stockman,
Great Falls, Montana. We will then make ar
rangements for a personal interview.
BIG OPPORTUNITY YOUR AREA: Spare, full
time retirement. Grower, Agent, Dealer. Jim's
earnings S8,000.00 three months. Every grower
prospect. internationally used Campbells Gro
Green Fertilizer Concentrates Commissions
daily. No investment, experience or deliveries
Free sample Campbell Company, Rochelle 20.
Illinois.
INVESTIGATE ACCIDENTS. Earn $3.50 to 81 900
monthly. Men urgently needed Car furnished.
Business expenses paid. No selling. No college
education necessary. Pick own job location.
investigate fun time. Or earn S6.44 hour spare
time. Write for free book. Universal Schools,
CW-5 6s01 Hillcrest, Dallas S, Texas.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-05-15
Summary

Mean Temperature and Total Precipitation
April, 1853
United States Department Of Commerce
Weather Bureau Office, Helena, Montana
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-05-15
PHOTO FINISHING
FREE KODACOLOR FILM

FREE KODACOLOR FILM
Exp. roll developed IL Exp. roll developed
and enlarged plus free and enlarged plus free
fresh roll Kodacolor fresh roll Kodacolor
film only $500 film only . $3.50
Black and White or IL EXP. film developed
and enlarged plus Free Kodak films 60c.
Trial Offer-Return This Ad with Your Order
or Send Postcard for Film Mailers and Conn
pete Price List.
BELL COLOR LABS
MAIN P.O. BOX 3I32-F ST. PAUL, MINI.
Evening star., 1963-05-23
ToureAsks Date for End
Of African CoIonioIism

Adds ABABA, Ethiopia,
May % (AP) President Sekou
Toure Of Guinea called on the
African summit conference to-
day to fix a date for the end
Of colonialism in Africa.
If the colonial powers do not
meet the date, Mr.. Toure said,
the independent African ma
tions should expel them.
President Fulbert Youlou of
the former French Congo sup
ported Mr.. Toure's demand that
a target date be set for the
end Of colonialism on the con-
tinent. But he made no refer
ence to the use Of force.
"The mere passage Of mo-
tons and resolutions outlining
goals but without defining the
ways and means to obtain these
goals is not enough" the Left
ist Mr.. Toure told the second
days session Of the 81 inde-
pendent African nations.
Calls for Charter
Like Emperor Halle Selassie
OF Ethiopia in the conferences
keynote speech yesterday, Mr..
Toure called for the adoption
OF a charter setting up an or
ganization Of the African ma
tions.
The conference yesterday ap-
pointed Algeria, Guinea, Ethio-
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Whether Decision Is Wise Is Expected
To Be Shown Only by Time

their constituents took lit
tie interest.
These same constituents
have profited greatly from
the abundance piled up by
the resourceful and ingen-
ious American farmer. They
also live better and get a bet
ter education than he and
his children by and large.
This has led many experts
to contend that the farm
problem has become a prob
lem of poverty and should
be handled as a social chal-
lenge, not a political ques-
ton.
In a study Of the American
farmer the Population Refer
ence Bureau supports this
view. It points out that less
than eight per cent Of our
$50 million people live on
farms. a figure which helps
to account for the loss Of
political muscle by the farm
bloc. In 1859 the average in
come Of these farm families
was barely over half that Of
urban families.
The bureaus examination
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Big u. S. Issue Is Called How to Achieve
Respect for Constitutional Processes

[ItuIIOnQI PROCESSES
the SO per cent Negro Lincoln
School and the unauthorized
entries at the Cleveland
school,"
From Greensboro, N. c.,
comes the following:
almost TOO Negroes Jailed
for racial demonstrations
were released early today.
The Negroes, some Of them
crying, marched out but later
claimed they had been
tricked into leaving.
"The Negroes, most Of them
college students, were ordered
by Guilford County Sheriff
Clayton Jones to leave a re-
opened polio hospital where
they had been held. The hos
pital was ringed by police and
sheriff's deputies as the Ne
groes left.
"a few of the male students
sat on the floor and had to
be carried down the halls by
deputies to an outer lobby"
6. In q speech in the United
States Senate on Tuesday,
Senator John Stennis, Demo-
crat Of Mississippi, who is
one Of the foremost lawyers
in Congress. spoke as follows:
"The recent mobilization
Of the armed might Of Fed
eral military forces In the
vicinity of Birmingham, Ala,
raises a constitutional ques-
ton Of grave proportions. In
addition, 1t provides another
unhappy example Of how the
rights and privileges Of the
States of the Union are
gradually being usurped as a
result Of continued encroach-
ment by the Executive Branch
Of the Federal Government.
mo Federal court order
was involved.
There was no violation Of
a Federal statute.
There was no abandon
ment Of their functions by
the local police. To the con-
trary, local police officers
and State troopers were in
control and functioning fully
and effectively.
"Thus the President ap-
parently believes that there
has been an unlimited and
unrestrained delegation Of
authority to him to call forth
Federal military forces to
supersede and replace local
law : enforcement agencies
whenever he sees fit-even
before there has been q VIOLA
ton Of Federal law or q de-
fiance Of a Federal court
decree. II we accept this be-
lief or doctrine as valid, 1t
simply means that we aban-
don our historic freedom and
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Illegally Breeding More IIIegaIity

liberty under laws prescribed
by the people through their
elected representatives. We
thus open the doors for a
future military dictatorship
in this country. :.
'It begs the question, Of
course, to minimize the inn
portance of the actions with
respect to Birmingham by
saying that the troops have
not been used and may not
be used. 1t is the threat Of
their use and the principle
which is involved which is Of
Importance. None Of us
should be content to sit idly
by in the face Of this direct
assault upon and threat to
historic constitutional prin-
ciples. Whether the troops
are actually used in Birming-
ham or not, we may be very
sure that-with the prece-
dent thus established-they
will be ordered into action on
some occasion In the future
when the Executive Depart
ment should so desire,
"If the President has such
unrestricted and dictatorial
power as Is claimed for him,
then no State and no city
in the country Is safe from
the threat Of military rule at
the whim of a Chief Execu-
tive. Indeed, one must won-
der why Federal troops were
not called into action fol-
lowing the racial disorders
and. rioting at the wash
ington) D. c. Stadium last
Thanksgiving"
Senator Stennis charged
Martin Luther King, jr., and
other Negro leaders with de-
liberately melting disorder.
He said:
1.-THE hard truth Of the
matter is that Martin Luther
King and his co-workers went
to Birmingham for the ex-
press purpose Of stirring up
conflict, strife and disorder.
King wanted to be put in
Jail. He and his co-workers
took children out Of school
and marched them into the
business district Of the city.
seeking to have them arrested.
In addition to violating local
statutes and ordinances, he
committed the common-law
crime of melting to riot"
The irony Of the situation
Is that several Republican
and Democratic Senators
favoring integration are at
last introducing bills to Sc
cure the enactment Of laws
covering discrimination in
schools, restaurants, employ
ment-which the Supreme
Court unconstitutionally has
endeavored to write into law
by judicial decision.
@ 1868, N. Y. Herald Tribune Inc.
Evening star., 1963-05-23

pia and Liberia to arrange q
foreign ministers conference in
Dakar in December to prepare
the final draft of the charter
Mr.. Toure called for some
kind of African Common Mar
ket, pooling of the continents
resources and ALLEGATION by
each nation of one per cent
Of its budget for an African
educational Fund.
Two Not Represented
The conference opened yes.
terday with white-ruled Soutl
Africa and Togo the only inde.
pendent African nations no
represented. Togo Presiden
Nicolas Grunitzky is still II
quarantine because he took of,
flee after the assassination o.
President Sylvanus Olympic
But the conference may decide
to admit him.
Political unity is the ultimate
goal of the nations, all Of
which are struggling with huge
economic problems.
Another conference delegate
Premier Milton Obote of Ugan.
da, sent an open letter to Presi-
dent Kennedy protesting racial
conditions in the Southern
United States.
Evening star., 1963-05-23

out again. officials here COM
plain, Just when Indian policy
toward Red China was stiffen-
ing in such key areas like Laos,
Pakistan Backing OFF
Pakistan has long been press
ing the United States to per-
suade India to resume talks on
the disputed area Of Jammu
and Kashmir. But now that the
United States has undertaken
to do this and used military
aid as q reward for Indian reas-
onableness on Kashmir, Paki-
stan is backing off. officials
complain.
Pakistani officials simply re-
fuse to trust the United States
to protect their country
against what they say is a real
possibility Of Indian "aggres-
SON."
Recent military aid agree
ments with India have included
written pledges by New Delhi,
however. that the arms will be
used only against Communist
China.
Administration officials find
the Pakistani attitude "com-
pletely bankrupt"
Pakistan will wind up getting
no Kashmir settlement, they
say. and India will get large
amounts of long-range military
aid. anyway.
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Presbyterian Assembly
Urges Prayers for Pope

and $434,45o for cooperating
agencies.
The gathering Tuesday called
on President Kennedy TO con-
vene a White House conference
on civil rights "at the earliest
feasible time" The meeting
would bring together "the po-
litical, economic, professional
and religious resources Of our
Nation In a new and creative
effort" aimed at making color
or national origin irrelevant 10
Americans assuming their
rights and responsibilities Of
citizenship"
This action was part Of q
lengthy church and society re-
port touching numerous aspects
Of the Nations life.
One section petitioned Con-
gress TO pass legislation safe
guarding the rights and inter-
ests OF migrant and other
seasonal workers. This included
extension Of the Federal wage
principle TO migrants. provi-
sions for educational opportun-
tiles for their children. and coll
lective bargaining protection
for them through the National
Labor Relations Act.
Another part reminded
church members that problems
arising out OF the increasing ur-
banization OF the country de-
manded planned attention by
the proper authorities. Th e
statement suggested that pres
byteries cooperate closely with
municipal urban renewal and
relocation agencies toward solv-
ing slum conditions. good hous-
ing In non-segregated areas for
persons displaced by urban
renewal and better mass trans
portation facilities.
Our country should be will
ing and prepared TO provide.
upon request" birth control in
formation and the necessary
supplies so responsible family
Evening star., 1963-05-23
INTERPRETIVE REPORT-
Kennedy Cooling Off
On Pokiston Policies

officials recently have beer
lobbying on Capitol Hi,
against United States military
aid to India on the grounds
the Communist Chinese. threat
has been vastly overrated.
This not only reverses PAX
istan's traditional attitude to-
ward Red China, as Its border
agreement with China also
tended to do, but 1t contradicts
the United States own basic
estimate that Communist China
is a major threat to Southern
Asia.
To the extent the idea gains
credence in Congress that Red
China is q paper tiger, midas
new effort to build q decent
defense establishment is un-
dercut. The movement Of inde-
pendent India toward loose
alignment with the West also
could be interrupted.
Those Indians who contend
that Red China has no basic
designs on India and have re-
sisted close ties with the United
States are encouraged to speak
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Farmers Reject Wheat Control

Of the age structure on the
farm shows the young leav-
ing in droves so that the bulk
Of the low income farmers
are middle-aged or older.
This may help to explain the
wheat vote, as older voters
tend to be more conservative.
Also the vote was taken
mainly in the old Republican
heartland, the Midwest,
which rather noticeably re-
jected Mr.. Kennedy in 1860.
Pursuing its special in
terest, the bureau states that
farm families have more
children who are, more and
more, being thrown into the
unskilled labor market which
is already the hard core Of
existing unemployment.
Thus 1t would seem that
the farm problem will not
go away because q control
program Is defeated but will
appear in other forms. Race
is a complication. The Negro
who is fleeing to the cities
suffers the greatest educa-
tional disadvantages.
Many reasons account for
voter impatience with farm
subsidies. The mountain Of
surpluses seems on the face
of 1t an offense in q high tax
era and 1t emits q steady
stream Of political smoke.
There have been real scam
dals connected with 1t as al
ways with the expenditure Of
large sums of money.
Merely to have unused food
pile UP with q prospect that
1t will ct least, in part. be
wasted while so much Of the
world is hungry offends the
old Puritan ethic," as one
Of the less gifted phrase
makers Of the New Frontier
said in another economic
connection.
Evening star., 1963-05-23
DORIS FLEESON

President Kennedy said at
the start Of his administra-
ton that he would accept
any farm program on which
farmers and their spokes-
men in Government could
agree. The wheat farmers
have now said no to his 1854
wheat control program and
there is no reason to suspect
that he is less philosophic
about it than his statement
suggests.
The President said he
hoped their choice would
prove a wise one for them
selves and for the Nation.
Only time can answer that.
Most statements now being
made here are for local con-
sumption or partisan pur-
poses.
Key Democrats do not be.
lieve they could round up the
votes for substitute legisla-
ton, even II the White House
were truly nervous about the
situation. For some time
Congressman from the ever
growing urban areas have
been unhappy over having to
vote for farm bills in which
Evening star., 1963-05-23
BY EARL II. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

President Kennedy's warm
relationship with Pakistani
President Ayub Khan is cooling
because of what the administra-
ton regards as contradictory
Pakistan policies toward India
and Communist China.
This was the significance, in
siders say, of Mr.. Kennedy's
strong press conference state
ment recently backing United
States aid for the Bokaro steel
mill in India even If 1t is a
pubHc-sector competitor wit h
Indian private enterprise.
Corridor talk at the recent
Central Treaty Organization
meeting in Karachi was filled
with Pakistani bitterness
against the United States and
Britain for panning long-range
military aid to India, persons
who accompanied Secretary of
State Rusk to the meeting re-
port.
To the dismay Of the State
Department, Pakistan Embassy
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Dobrynin Leaving
For Moscow Meeting

Russian Ambassador Anatoly
F. Dobrynin was Moscow-bound
today for consultations and a
vacation. according to the So
Wet Embassy.
Mr.. Dobrynin was scheduled
to leave last night. A spokes-
man said he did not know when
the Ambassador would return,
Evening star., 1963-05-23
DAVID LAWRENCE

Illegality is breeding more
and more illegality. The big
gest question confronting the
country today is by what
means a respect for law and
constitutional processes can
be achieved.
The disquieting facts are
these:
/. The Supreme Court Of
the United States asserts the
right to amend the Constitu-
ton by an order or decision.
II the people don't like 1t,
their only redress now ap-
parently is to go through the
long process Of adopting con-
stitutional amendments that
would specifically nullify
every decision which is not
sanctioned by the written
Constitution.
2. The President Of the
United States orders troops
into Alabama in direct VIOLA
ton of the provisions Of the
Constitution which deny him
that power in dealing with
threatened disorder. Some of
the best constitutional law
yers in the country-includ-
ing members Of the United
States Senate-are pointing
to this violation.
8. George Wallace, Cover
nor Of Alabama, has petit
toned the Supreme Court Of
the United States to order
that Federal troops not be
used in Alabama unless there
is formal application by the
State for such use, as re-
quired by the Constitution.
4. Meanwhile, the Alabama
Governor announces that he
will stand in the doorway and
block the admission Of two
Negro students who have
been accepted by the board
Of trustees Of the University
Of Alabama.
5. The United Press Inter-
national in two dispatches
one from the North and the
other from the South - re-
ports the defiance Of official
authority in connection with
race problems.
From En- glewood, N. j.,
comes the following:
"The parents of "a Negro
children today defied a board
Of education order to cease
boycott and sit-in protests.
They sent the unregistered
youngsters to the predomi-
nantly white Cleveland school
for the 18th consecutive
school day.
School Superintendent DR..
Mark r. Shedd sent tele-
grams to the parents last
night directing them to cease
Immediately the boycott at
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Ban on Gifts
Includes
Families
BY the Associated Press


A new Defense Department
directive says families or en-
ployes and military personnel,
as well as the men themselves,
must accept no favors, gifts or
entertainment from anyone
who does business with the
Pentagon.
The department issued a re-
vised version Of its rules on
conflict Of interest. designed
to bring regulations into line
with a presidential memoran-
dunn to all Government de-
partments.
The directive specifies that
civilian and military personnel
shall accept no favors, gratuity
or entertainment directly OF
indirectly from any person en-
gagged in or seeking to engage
in business with the depart
ment.
Then 1t adds that such favors
bestowed upon members Of the
immediate families of Depart.
ment Of Defense personnel arr
viewed in the same light" a
those to personnel. e..
Reporters asked department
officials If the ban applied Il
such things as accepting I
lunch from a contractor.
The answer was that "as I
general rule, entertainment 4
frowned upon" but where 4
is a meeting Of several persons
to discuss q common subject
and 'is in the public view
not concealed" it can be per-
missible.
Evening star., 1963-05-23
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Wheat farmers vote down tight production controls
Defeated the farm the New Frontier may have to turn to
the cityand ssdze the business Of growing parking
lots.
No wonder the armed forces are proud Of Astronaut
Gordon Cooper He's the first military officer to 60 over
Defense Secretary McNamara head without getting shot
down.
Admiral George Anderson oused as Navy boss is named
ambassador to Portugal Quite In leap, he goes
from limbo to Lisbon.
Things change swiftly 1t only three years ago that
Republicans saying Kennedy young for the job
Now they're afraid he'll be old before they get him
out Of there.
Marriage glossary: Hubby-A gentle soul, the kind who
won't talk back no matter what his wife calls him.
Castro cocktail: Five parts vodka TO part Cuban rum
Mixed in red china bowl and topped off with nut
Evening star., 1963-05-23
BY CASPAR NAMES
Star Staff Write.

DES MONIES. Iowa. May %
- The United Presbyterian
Church, U. s. A.. yesterday
called on its members to pray
for the recovery Of Pope John
XIII, who has been reported
as having had a relapse in q
persistent internal disorder.
The resolution. adopted
unanimously by the $40 COM
missioners to the denomina-
tion's General Assembly here,
expressed thanks Ito al
mighty God for the life and
witness OF this great ecumeni-
cal Pope, and for the new and
more Christian relationships
that have recently been devel-
oping amongst all Christians,
due In such large part TO his
influence.
I'VE ask all United Presby-
terians TO show sympathy 10
their Roman Catholic neigh
bors at this time and TO pray
for them, the Roman Catholic
Church and for Pope John
XIII"
Mrs. Daisy A. Douglas OF
Weirsdale. Fla, chairman OF
the Committee on Resolutions
Of Thanks. introduced the
statement.
A record budget Of $4,000
400 for 1864 was adopted by
the assembly yesterday. Largest
ALLEGATION will be nearly SIT
million 10 national missions.
Next highest amount was sl3.2
million for the Commission on
Ecumenical Missions and Rela-
tions.
other appropriations we're 81
million 10 Christian education,
s2.7 million for general serv-
ices and programs, more than
~ million for theological edu-
cation, SIS million for pensions
Evening star., 1963-05-23

planning in underdeveloped
countries where economic and
social development is severely
limited by uncontrolled popula-
ton growth" another section
stated.
An earlier stand against Bible
reading and prayers In public
schools was reaffirmed by pas
sage Of q statement reminding
the church "the development
and practice Of Christian wor-
ship is the inescapable obliga-
ton Of the congregation and
the family. and not the public
schools"
DR.. Eugene Carson Blake OF
Philadelphia was elected to his
third five-year term as stated
clerk (chief executive officer
Of the 80 million member
United Presbyterian Church
yesterday. He was chosen
without opposition. DR.. Blake.
first elected 10 the post In 1851,
has served as president OF the
National Council OF Churches
and Is currently a member OF
the Central Committee, World
Council Of Churches.
Further emphasizing It's drive
towards an integrated church,
the assembly also approved a
resolution for changes In the
denomination's constitution
that would require Presbyterian
congregations 10 admit persons
to membership without regard
to color. origin. or worldly
condition"
The General Assembly. con-
cluding It's weeklong delibera-
tons yesterday. designated May
2i-28 at Oklahoma City, Okla,
for the 1864 meeting.
Evening star., 1963-05-23
Howard Art Exhibit

The public is invited 10 at
tend an open house viewing
OF the 39th annual exhibition
Of work by students and a tour
through the studios OF the art
department Of Howard Univer-
sity from 1880 10 10 pm. to-
morrow. The school is at Sixth
and Fairmont streets NV.