davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18
BY DANA BULLEN
Star Staff Writer


Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy's vigorous plea for q
better deal for urban voters
emphasizes the Importance OF
the Georgia voting rights case
now before the Supreme Court
BypasSing some of the more
legalistic aspects Of the case,
the Attorney General yesterday
told Supreme Court justices the
case presents major issues of
democratic fairness. e
On the surface, the Georgia
case deals solely with the
States rural-weighted county
unit system for primary cleo
tons that has been struck down
by a three-judge Federal Court
as unconstitutional.
But wrapped up in the case,
and emphasized by the Attor-
ney General, are more basic
questions that could influence
decisions on the makeup of
legislatures across the country.
Rural Vote Favored
The question, basically, is
whether votes legitimately can
be weighted so that some count
more than others. In Georgia,
and many other States, rural
votes outweigh urban ones.
The Attorney Generals prin-
cipal position before the high
court was that one mans vote
ought to count just as much
as any other mans vote.
If there is to be any depar-
ture from this, and Mr.. Ken
nedy conceded some departures
might be necessary, they must
meet the most exacting test"
he said.
Under the Georgia system,
candidates who carry a county
receive its unit votes. The pri-
mary winner is the candidate
who receives the largest num-
Der Of unit votes.
Because of discrimination
built into the system, Mr.. Ken
nedy said, tax revenues drawn
from urban areas, for example,
are siphoned off to support
less populous counties and ur-
ban problems go unsolved.
IF the large counties of
Georgia are going to pay the
bills for the small counties"
Mr.. Kennedy told the nine
Supreme Court justices in his
oral argument, certainly their
votes should count as much"
Second Class Citizens"
Unless something is done
about the States unit primary
system, he said, 1.-The people in
the urban areas are always
going to figure, and figure
correctly, that they are Sec
ond-class citizens"
Mr.. Kennedy emphasized,
however. that unit systems in
themselves are not necessarily
Objectionable. He said they
become so when they are used
to discriminate against some
Of the voters.
1t takes some analysis to see
why the Georgia case at once
appears both narrow and broad.
1t is narrow because it involves
primary system used in only
three States-Georgia, Mary
land and Mississippi.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18

uate fellowships, language
training and Sharply ex-
banded" research and achieve
ment field test aids will be
included.
The President hopes to en-
large training programs for
teachers of mentally retarded
and handicapped children. Ju-
venile delinquency and its effect
on classrooms would be studied.
Inclusion Of the District for
the first time in the impacted
aid program may be recon-
mended by the House subcom-
mittee. The President ignored
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18

This study apparently paral-
lels one under way by a special
House Education subcommit-
tee. headed by Representative
OHara, Democrat of Michigan.
Impacted aid was detailed
as only one of the elements of
education programs to be laid
before Congress shortly.
He said his program would
encompass $l.2 million to help
meet national detectives of
economic growth, manpower
requirements and social well
fare"
Expanded vocational train
ing. Federal grants to public
Libraries, student loans, grad
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18

thirds Of the Maryland sum
generally is spent in Washing
ton suburbs, and one-half of
the Virginia total.
Last year, President Kennedy
favored abandoning the politi-
cally popular program. 1t will
expire June 30, without Con-
gressional extension.
In addition, he promised a
study of the economic impact
of Federal activities on local
government jurisdictions" This
should lead to a permanent So
luton to the financial problems
local governments face when
Federal installations are estab-
lished in an area, the President
told Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18
-INTERPRETATION
Georgia Vote Case
Has Wide Significance

~ 10 DIOdu UcCduSe blluo lhl
the Supreme Court has said
nothing about what standards
it thinks are fair in the related
area of legislative apportion-
ment. All the court has said
is that apportionment ques-
tons can be litigated.
Since the high courts ruling
last spring that apportionment
cases can be heard, there Las
been a Nationwide wave of
litigation.
In this void Of high court
guidance, anything that might
be said by the court in the
Georgia case about rural-urban
voting relationships could have
major impact on the reappor-
tionment cases.
Talks on Basic Issues
This aspect Of the Georgia
case may we'll have prompted
the Attorney General to cast
his argument before the high
court in broad terms, dealing
with basic questions Of voting
power.
The Government, in its brief
in the Georgia case, included
suggestions as to the standards
it apparently would like the
Supreme Court to prescribe.
Mr.. Kennedy, however, did not
press these suggestions yester-
day.
The Governments brief sug-
gested that the two principles
it outlined would condemn
many fragrant injustices."
First, it said ANY apportion-
ment or electoral system" that
produces utterly capricious di-
vergencies in voting power,
defying any ineligible expla-
nation" is unconstitutional.
Second, it said ANY appor-
tionment or electoral system"
that imposes an extreme and
invidious discrimination against
a particular class Of voters"
without a proper reason also
must fall.
Parallels Voters Stand
The position OF the Govern
ment is similar to that taken
before the high court yesterday
by Attorney Morris B. Abram,
of Atlanta, representing the
Fulton County (Ga.) voter
whose suit launched the case.
Mr.. Abram commended that
once a State has said q citizen
is eligible to vote mo further
classification is possible"
This would be the one man,
one vote idea. But in line with
the Governments position, he
went on to say that If distinc-
tons are to be made, they must
not be irrational" or Ca
PRECIOUS" |
The Georgia case was APP
pealed to the high court by
the States Democratic Party
and its Secretary Of State, who
were enjoined from conducting
any primaries under the present
unit system. The primary last
September was conducted on q
popular vote basis.
The defense position was
given yesterday by E. Freeman
Leverett, Georgia deputy as
sistant attorney general, who
said the States county unit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18
White House
Asks More
Impact Aid

President Kennedy has asked
Congress to extend for four
years Federal aid to schools
overcrowded by children whose
parents work for the Govern
ment.
This White House reversal
could mean $27 million to Vir-
GINA and SIC million to Mary
land annually, close to two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-18

system is mot constitutionally
impermissible."
He said that 1t is a legitimate
system "for dispensing electoral
power" and was devised by the
State under powers upon which
the high court should not in
trude. The Federal system, he
said. is no better. He argued
that casting votes by unit
gives recognition to the or
ganization Of the State on a
county basis"
Under the Georgia primary
system, he said a vote In the
smallest county is worth IA in
the largest and this reflects
Georgia legislative desires.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
By HERRERT A. KENNEY

PLYMOUTH NOTCH, vt.--For-
ty years ago yesterday, at 2.47
am, Vice President Calvin Cool
idge was sworn by his father as
President Of the United States in
their family homestead here in a
kerosene-lamp ceremony unique
in American history for its homely
drama.
The full measure Of the sacred
simplicity and significance Of that
farmhouse has never been taken
in prose. poetry or painting.
The annual memorial exercises
here yesterday afternoon had the
same unsophisticated stamp as the
ceremony itself.
But the deeper significances Of
1t all are beginning to grow in the
soul Of an America where life has
become as complicated as the in
nards of q guided missile.
Ten years later Calvin Coolidge
was dead. His father, Col. John C.
Coolidge. lived for 8 years after
administering the oath. In those
years John Coolidge, only surviv-
ing son Of the President, never
heard his father or grandfather
mention 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
REPORT FROM THE u NJ
Indonesia's Turn to the West

Indonesia-with nearly 100, 1000, 900
people and one of the four biggest
military establishments in Asia
into the arms Of her pro-western
neighbors.
Liu Shao-chi, the titular Chi
nese head Of state, visited Indo-
nesia in April. The visit repre-
sented Sukarno's final. supreme
effort to moderate Chinese policy.
He showered Liu with hearts
and flowers, lulled him with Bal
inese dancing maidens. and talked
Of being comrades in arms"
Privately he tried to talk Liu into
ending China's quarrel with India.
We now know that all Of this
failed. Liu refused to moderate
this hostility for India, refused to
accept a compromise basis for
peace talks, refused to agree to
peaceful coexistence. He went on
10 break with Moscow on essen
TALLY the same issue.
The rebuff was a humiliation
and a warning for Sukarno. Tunku
Abdul Rahman, the Malayan
prime minister, either saw the OPP
portunity or was persuaded to see
II. Rahman went to Japan in May
while Sukarno was there and
buried the Ratchet with him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
Son Was OF Army Comp

IT can't recall that they ever
did," he said reflectively at his
summer home here on the eve Of
the anniversary. certainly never
heard them. I was at Fort Devens,
Camp Devens then, when it oc-
Cured. / was in the old CMTC.
We were lining up for mess when
an officer told me that Harding
had died. ! stayed at camp. I don't
know why, 1t was hot, dirty, and
dusty, hellhole. Later, Of course,
I went to Washington, my brother
was working in the tobacco fields
down Northampton way, so nei-
ther Of us was present"
But the historic scene itself was
not a big thing to either Of them.
Over the years, John Coolidge &C.
knowledges, he never reflected on
it a great deal but does so more
In recent years.
II feel myself that the simplic-
ity of it is all the more appealing
as life becomes more complex
around us.
There's q nostalgia in us all
for the America where that sort
Of thing could happen"
Joe H. Fountain, now public re-
lations counsel for the Canadian
National Railways, is one Of the
two men alive who witnessed the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y
An event last week which almost
escaped notice in the Western
world could have profound i'm
pact on the political and military
balance of power in Southeast
Asia.
That event was the formation
In Manila of an embryo confeder-
ation--a loose working partner
ship-among Malaga, the Philip
pines, and Indonesia. The
confederation is to be known as
Maphilindo.
Maphilindo is q remarkable
achievement in many ways.
1t marks a very substantial
moderation. If not elimination, Of
the feud between Indonesia and
Malaya-a feud which was so red
hot four months ago that 1t
seemed headed for small-scale
warfare.
1t removes a set Of pressures
which four months ago we're driv-
ing Indonesia deep into the arms
Of Red China.
It promises to erect q buffer
against Red Chinese expansion
southwark. Indonesia now has
promised TO cooperate to this
end with Malaysia, the imminent
federation Of Malaga, Singapore.
Sarawak and North Borneo.
1t builds a bridge over which
President Sukarno Of Indonesia
could one day join the West.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
Educating the Public

Much has been done to educate
the public about fallout protection
and use Of shelters. Pamphlets
have been distributed to house.
holders in Belgium. Western Ger
many, Denmark. the Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden and France.
Britain has Just published. for
training purposes, a new booklet
Of advice for the general public.
In Denmark. Norway and Swe-
den government is empowered 10
draft citizens to receive civil de-
Tense training. A million persons in
Sweden population rs million)
have undergone various forms Of
emergency training: all school
children receive a course in fire
fighting, and 20-hour courses In
home nursing are required Of girls
at IS. National schools and CEN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

Plymouth, in the store, was being
held for presidential business.
When the reporters were gone
the famous ceremony took place.
The first reporter to arrive on
the scene after the ceremony was
George Frederick Jones, of Rut-
land, now a probate judge, and
in those days well known to Cal.
He recalls winning the first inter-
view and telephoning it to the
Boston Globe.
When Jones spoke to Mrs.
Coolidge Of "the President" she
replied, mfr. Harding?" mo-"
said Jones, President Coolidge"
II misunderstood" said Mrs.
Coolidge, you are the first one
to refer to him that way"
Jones was sworn as a deputy
marshal the next day to help
Coolidge to the train at Rutland
and off to New York where he
changed to a train for Washing
ton.
The reporters returned en- masse
to get the story of the inaugural.
One untold incident reveals that
Coolidge had q deep appreciation
of the early morning ceremony.
A photographer from Boston,
the late Morris Fineberg, asked
him if he would reenact the scene
with his father.
NO" said Cal laconically. too
sacred"
But he couldn't remember who
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

opportunity for practical national
measures to save as much life as
possible within the limits of avail
able resources lies in protection
against the effects Of fallout ra-
diation. -.
There is unanimity of in
formed scientific and military
opinion that the only effective
protection is the shielding pro-
vided by the geometry and mass
Of aboveground and underground
structures. Shielding in many in
stances can be increased at low
cost through ingenuity in the de-
sign Of buildings and modification
Of existing buildings"
This is the policy the Kennedy
administration has submitted to
Congress and which now awaits
approval and implementing legis-
lation. Detailed reports on the
progress being made by other free
Western nations have recently
been made available by the De-
Tense Department.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

whether the people Of Sarawak
and North Borneo favor joining
Malaysia, and hence whether the
federation is in accord with the
principle of self-determination.
The secretary general is sending
teams of experts to study the i'm
plications of recent elections IN
the territories and is expected to
report in the affirmative.
This will give Mr.. Sukarno q
convenient out, a way to explain
his change Of position to domestic
critics including the strong and
dangerous Indonesian communist
party. e.
The net effect is to remove
the last major political irritant
in relations between Indonesia
and the West. Earlier, Indonesia's
long standing quarrel with the
Dutch over West Irian had been
resolved. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

law organize civil defense teams.
Legislation was proposed at the
end Of 1862 for a 12-year shelter
construction program to provide
spaces for 4 million persons. The
estimated cost is $40 million or
$7.27 per capita. The federal
government is to contribute 20 per
cent of the cost of private shelters
and up to 40 per cent for public
shelters.
These Defense Department re-
ports clearly indicate that the
United States is by no means alone
in its efforts to protect citizens
from the effect of nuclear attack.
One unique American contribu-
ton, of course, was the shelter
survey completed this year, dur
ing which every major building in
the Nation was examined for its
shelter possibilities. Similar sur
veys are now in progress In q
number Of European countries.
Our allies are watching civil
defense progress in the United
States with great interest" Assis-
tant Secretary Pittman said re-
Gently, both from the standpoint
of technical data which might
be developed for their own use
and from a standpoint Of the
seriousness Of our determination
to meet our international com
mitments.
This is one Of the many
reasons for going forward, no.
sideways or backwards, in the de-
volopment Of an effective Amer.
lean system of self protection
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

thorities provide shelters in bus
stations but are reimbursed by the
central government. Low interest
rate loans are available to COM
munities for constructing other
public shelters.
NORWAY (pop. 3,574,OOO) Lo-
cal government must build, equip
and maintain public shelters, but
the central government provides
for up to "a of the cost. Owners
and users of real property must
install shelters in new buildings at
the owners expense. All indus
tries employing 40 persons or more
must have their own civil defense
organizations. Some months ago
there were in Norway $4,000
public shelter spaces, 305,000 pri-
vate shelter spaces and 10000
industrial shelter spaces.
The Norwegian Parliament has
agreed on a seven-year program
calling for an annual outlay Of
100 million kroner ($14.3 million) :,
or more that 81 per capita. Public
shelters are planned for 20 per
cent of the population in towns of
5000 or more-Stocked with food
and supplies for at least IA days.
Standards for both private and
industrial shelters are to be raised.
1t is further proposed that fall
out shelters are to be built where
other space is not available-the
expense to be shared equally by
the owner and the government.
SWEDEN (pop. 7.468, 000) Pri-
vate shelters are required in all
new buildings in towns Of 5000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
Shift in Policy

Economic pressures, meanwhile,
are also pushing Indonesia toward
the West. Initiation and lack OF
foreign exchange have put crush
ing burdens on the Indonesian
people. The communist bloc does
not have the resources available 70
meet these needs. The West does
A shift in Indonesias policy
from left-oriented neutralism TO
genuine nonalignment and even
tually TO western-oriented neu-
tralism is not likely to be a rapid
or smooth process.
Strong forces, both domestic
and foreign, are pulling In the
opposite direction. and Sukarno
is not so secure that he can ignore
them. He was still talking last
week about battling imperialism
and colonialism." still insisting on
writing into the Maphilindo
accord provisions which could
counter in advance the expected
communist criticism in Indonesia,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

bought 1t from Florence v. Cilley,
who bought it from the Presi-
dents father. They maintain it in
taste and simplicity.
They refer to the house as the
summer White House as well as
the birthplace. CHS
Actually" John Coolidge says
amiably. "the homestead was the
summer White House, but then he
did have an office over the store
and his secretaries worked there
with the mail. So it was the sum-
mer White House office. But he
lived summers at the homestead"
Next to the homestead is another
white frame dwelling that was the
home of the Presidents uncle and
aunt, John and Gratia Wilder, now
a simple coffeehouse and tea room
run by the State of Vermont for
pilgrims. The homestead stands
between the Wilder house and the
Plymouth Cheese Co.
On the opposite side Of the
street to the rear Of the birthplace
is the Union Christian Church,
small, white, and distinctly New
England, with an American flag
posted in the pew where Coolidge
sat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
Shelters Abroad

This is q breakdown Of shelter
program developments in a num-
Der Of the European countries:
DENMARK (pop. 4,5sO,OOOJ
Private shelters in new buildings
having more than two dwelling
units are compulsory and are
constructed at the expense Of the
owners. Some months ago $500
shelters in privately owned build
ings, accommodating 100000 per-
sons, were available. Public shell
tiers are built by the central
government and provide spaces
for 100000 persons at the present
time. In Copenhagen and other
large and medium sized towns rs
large dual-purpose shelters have
been completed.
The goal is to provide public
shelters for about rs per cent Of
the urban population. All indus
tries employing rs persons or more
at a single location must provide
protective facilities.
FINLAND tpop. 4,50O,O0O) IN
der requirements OF a civil defense
law passed In 1859 owners Of all
new buildings Of at least los, $50
cubic feet within designate d
shelter areas and supervision
districts" are required TO build
shelters at their own expense. The
central government must build
shelters for transportation per-
sonnet and transients at railroad
stations and airports. Local au-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11
Back Of Reconciliation

Their reconciliation. prepared in
part by c. v. Narasimhan, an as
tute Indian aide Of U. N. Secre-
tary-General U Thant. and by i'm
aginative western diplomacy. led
10 last weeks Manila accord.
Philippine President Diosdado Ma
capagal also made a significant
contribution.
The u. N. added a critical miss
ing link. II agreed TO provide Su-
karno what amounted TO a face
saving way TO withdraw his earlier
opposition TO the federation Of
Malaysia-opposition which had
been long and loud. ..
Mr.. Thant Is TO determine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

II had a copy Of that picture
for years." says John Coolidge,
but I don't know where it is now.
The likenesses were no good, ter
rible as a matter of fact. kept
it over my desk for a while, but
/ can't remember what happened
to it,"
Perhaps 40 years is not enough
to give history the same neat
trimmed look the lawns now have
around the Coolidge memorials
at Plymouth Notch, an unspoiled
and unexpected area, entered by
an undulating drive past green
forests and farms and two beau.
tiful lakes. &
Another 10 years and the farm
house inaugural may assume
heroic proportions in the public
mind.
1t would take a Grant Wood
or an Andrew Wyeth to paint the
picture the ceremony deserves and
a Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
or a Robert Frost to celebrate it.
in verse. When it reaches the
proportions it deserves in the
hearts of Americans, that sort Of
immortal memorializing may,
commence.
BY that time no Coolidges may
be left in the ancestral halls after
six generations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-11

was present when he took the
oath. Perhaps that was because
of the sense Of reverence that
absorbed him.
In October of the same year.,
Arthur I. Kellett, an artist, was
engaged to reproduce the scene in
oils for a national magazine. He,
wrote to Fountain Jones and
others who had some knowledge Of
the early morning scene.
Mr.. Coolidge" Kellett wrote
Jones, referring to the President,
was more or less vague and un--
certain in his memory on some
important facts" Several hack
reproductions were done, but
nothing major. One pictured Col.
onel Coolidge wearing a collar and
tie.
my memoy is distinct on that,
says Judge Jones. "he wore no COLI
lar and no tie. He had on a shirt
to which a collar could be at
tached but wasn't"
The Kellett picture appeared
but never became famous. =.