davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15

Herbert c. Hoover may
well still be one of the fore
most in relief for hunger
he organized the feeding of
and cared for millions during
World War ! and for several
years thereafter. Surely, dur
ing the years between he
must often have mulled over
plans bearing on the current
problems which may well be
of great value to the World
Food Congress.
I have heard no mention
made Of ways by which
President Hoover in 1918 and
for years after saved food
and money, permitting starv-
ing people to be fed.
He asked all Americans to
Become a member of the
Clean Plate Brigade!" This
meant each person would eat
all the food served-if the
portion appeared too great,
before touching the food, he
would have removed the
amount he knew he could
not eat; thus it would not
go TO waste. Also, in public
places bread was rationed to
two slices per person per
meal. Today most would not
find this much Of a hard
ship. but in those days the
staff Of life" was consumed
in great quantities, the bread
dish usually stacked high
and often refilled more than
once. in lieu Of the balanced
diet most Of us eat today.
For a "Clean Plate Men,
Der" like myself (for I still
belong to this club my un-
happiness has mounted
through the years to view
the quantities of fine foods
left on plates-in restaurants
as well as In homes-wasted I
There were several fine eat
ing places that served sump-
tious dinners at a given
price; one could have as
many helpings as wished; but
II you took more than you
could eat and left any food
on your plate. before leav-
ing the place you paid ex-
ira for the food you had
left.
Naturally. much food could
be stockpiled. II the amount
subject 10 waste did not
reach the consumer. and we
might hope methods for It's
preservation could be found
TO get II 10 hunger stricken
people In edible condition.
Dehydration OF food requir-
Ing so much less space and
so light In weight. may well
prove the most economical
way 10 send our surpluses
TO all corners OF the world;
and II meats. fish. fruit,
vegetables. etc. could be In
cluded, from time 10 time,
millions Of people who had
never experienced the enjoy
ment Of taste would gain
strength 10 labor as never
before. and In time IN many
lands produce adequately for
the needs Of their own peo-
pie.
Perhaps the growth Of pop
ulation predicted is a prob
lem; but. as many hands
make light work. reclama-
ton Of many lands may re-
suit In better habitations for
all mankind.
Mildred L. Kornrelch.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15
THE POLITICAL MILL
Rights Bottle Moves to Capitol
BY GOULD LINCOLN

The battle over civil rights,
which has caused turmoil,
disorder and bloodshed in
cities of the North as well
as the South, now is moving
to the halls Of Congress.
The national Capitol, where
legislators elected by the
people Of the United States
write the laws, is no place
for unruly. physical disturb
ances. 1t is q place where
the representatives Of the
people should have every OPP
portunity for deliberate and
calm action. Some Negro
leaders and their white sup
porters are threatening mass
demonstrations In the Capt.
toll unless Congress promptly
enacts q civil rights legisla-
tive program covering all
their demands. Such demon
STATIONS would be for one
reason = to intimidate the
members Of Congress. They
could have, however, only
one effect. They would arouse
resentment on the part Of
Congress and on the part Of
a vast majority Of American
people.
Legislation Needed
Further civil rights legis-
lation Federal legislation -
is needed. 1t must not, how
ever, violate constitutional
guarantees Of personal rights
and personal freedom. Take
away certain personal rights
and personal freedom, which
Americans have enjoyed, van
ishes. President Kennedy is
sending to the Congress,
probably on Tuesday, his rec
concentrations for civil rights
legislation. It must be weighed
in the light Of the provisions
Of the Constitution. The
President as national leader
has sought the cooperation
Of both political parties in
Congress. He appears to be
in a fair way to achieve BIZ
partisan support for a rea-
Sonable and fair and just
civil rights program-but not
q program that goes beyond
those limits. Nor should the
Negro leaders demand more.
There has been much talk Of
human rights" in this civil
rights struggle. One of these
rights is equality under the
law. Another is an oppor-
tunity, in this country, for
educational and economic de-
velopment. It is also a hui
man right to own your own
home. And another human
right to associate with whom
you wish. To attempt to leg
islate away any Of these hui
man rights will be a mistake
and will result in failure.
Negroes in the United
States have made great
strides in the 100 years since
they were emancipated by
Abraham Lincoln. There has
been q lot Of loose talk that
they have remained slaves.
Their own achievements give
the lie to such statements.
But they have suffered from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15
Soviet Prices

I was much impressed with
The Stars special feature
article Of this past Sunday
summing up the reactions Of
a group Of British journalists
to Soviet economic changes.
I had the privilege Of visiting
the USSR last year on a
free-wheeling basis while
studying overseas transporta-
ton on an Eisenhower Fell
lowship, and can attest to
the accuracy Of most Of
their conclusions.
One thing might be brought
out more clearly, however,
and this is the possibly
obvious but largely overlooked
fact that the Soviet price
system is the Kremlin's ulti-
mate instrument of economic
repression. Here is an econ
omy Of scarcity, in which the
supply of consumer goods is
at a minimum due to over
riding emphasis on expan-
sion Of basic industry, MAIN
tenance Of a vast military
machine and space exploita-
ton. Someone has to be
squeezed out Of the market
place, and that someone is
the average citizen.
Thus, while q workers
earnings look good on paper,
he finds he has only enough
for bare subsistence because
prices Of food, clothing, fur
niture, ETC., are rugged sky
high. If you're a Party or
military official, an engineer
or administrative leader, how
ever, you draw enough to
cover the prices and live
fairly well; you also receive
heavy fringe" benefits that
do not come out Of your pay.
Thus have the Cars and
the old aristocracy merely
been replaced by another
ruling clique practicing per-
haps an even worse form Of
economic tyranny.
I think 1t is important for
Americans to know this
ruthless system and this
great people, for 1t is only
through this closer famili-
arity that the forces Of free
dom can hope to stay free
and still come to peaceful
terms with these world
neighbors or, If the worst
happens, to emerge victori-
Gus.
James N. Sites.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15

various measures Of discrim-
ination-in some parts Of the
country to a far greater de-
gree than in others. This is
the reason for Federal civil
rights legislation. with
greater educational and Job
opportunities they can look
forward to brighter futures.
The Presidents program,
as so far unveiled, includes
further steps to expedite the
voting rights Of all citizens,
including q sixth grade
standard for the literacy
tests required in some States;
extension Of the life Of the
civil Rights Commission,
which now would expire in
November; power in the
hands Of the Attorney Cen
eral to take legal steps to
bring about school i.ltegra-
ton similar to what he now
does for voting rights, and
legal steps to prevent dis
elimination in private BUSH
ness establishments, such as
stores, restaurants and no.
tells, as well as in public
governmental establishments.
1t is over the last Of these
proposals that the struggle
in Congress is likely to be
the hardest.
So far, 1t is understood, the
administration is not asking
for enactment Of a stringent
Federal fair employment act,
but is leaving that matter
to the States and to the
persuasive measures now be-
ing taken by the President,
both with businessmen and
with labor leaders. Such a
program will not meet the
demands Of Negro leaders for
Federal anti discrimination
legislation. Obviously, how
ever, the President must take
into consideration what is
practical as well as possible
in his requests to Congress.
Strong Opposition
That there will be strong
opposition to some Of this
civil rights program seems
assured, particularly In the
Senate, where threats Of a
filibuster to prevent enact
ment have already been
made by Senator Russell of
Georgia and Senator Hill of
Alabama. And opposition will
come, too, from some Of the
conservative Democrats and
Republicans from the North
and West who still believe
in States rights and respon-
sibilities. Obviously, If the
President goes all out for
too much, the whole program
may be endangered. Even to-
day, some of the legislators
are complaining that the
Chief Executive is attempt
ing to force through quick
legislation by warnings of
racial strife and bloodletting
to come.
Congress is entitled to
tackle this job Of legislating
for additional civil rights
without threats of blood from
either the Negroes or the adj
ministration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15

For those Of us who believe
that the best hope of man
kind in a nuclear world is
to keep power out Of the
hands of the biologists,
there is a striking similarity
between this months two con-
claves in Rome and Moscow.
If 1t seems odd to compare
the election Of q Pope with q
meeting Of the central COM
mittee of the Russian Com
munist party. consider the
following.
The really serious attempt
to moderate the dangers Of
the cold war is still less than
four years old. ut dates from
Mr.. Khrushchev's visit to the
United States in 1880 And
yet the attempt is already in
danger because Of the oppo-
sition of those, in both East
and West, who see caution
and Cancellation as o betrayal
Of the cause they believe in.
The central committeeman
who meet TO consider Mr..
Khrushchev's policies on
June 18th, and the cardinals
who assemble the next day
to replace Pope John, have
1t in their power to reverse
two Of the main motive forces
behind the search for a more
civilized relationship. To mis-
quote winston Churchill. not
often have so many hung.
with bated breath. upon the
decisions Of so few.
Americans. their eyes fixed
on what has been happening
in Cuba, may very well ask
how things could get worse.
But in Europe, and particular
ly in Catholic Europe, the last
year has seen some wonder
fully encouraging evidence Of
q thaw In the theological ice.
This is not all the work Of
Pope John and Mr.. Khru-
shchev. DR.. Adenauer's re-
luctant retreat from power
has something TO do with 1t.
But most Of US have little
doubt that the search for
understanding would have
made for less progress II the
Catholic and Communist
communities had not both
been led by men who. at O
pinch, put the interests OF
humanity as q whole before
the interests OF one part OF ".
Both Practical
or course. both Pope John
and Mr.. Khrushchev had the
practical advantages OF their
own communities In mind.
The Pope wanted 10 win
greater freedom Of action for
Catholics behind the Iron
Curtain; Mr.. Khrushchev
wanted 10 make the Commu-
mist parties In Catholic Eu-
rope politically respectable.
The pity Is that Pope John
died when the balance sheet
temporarily showed a bigger
gain for the Communists,
who got q million extra votes
In April's Italian election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15
Tidal Wave
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied By SELF addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15

tempt for theological antag-
onists who rely upon logical
and platitudinouS appeals.
But they do respect a cour-
ageous show Of force by a
powerful America, as witness
the mysteriously snuffed-out
blockade of Communist Cuba.
oh for a new infusion Of the
Washington administration
with old-time American cour-
age and clear thinkingl
Ira b. Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15
Aid to Tito

I want to compliment you
on the recent publication Of
the very fine articles on
YugoSlavia by your European
correspondent, Mr.. Crosby
Noyes. AS one long acquaint-
ed with the political and
economic situation in Yugo-
slavia, I felt that the articles
made a very significant con-
tribution to our understand
ing Of that unfortunate ma
ton and its many compli-
Gated problems.
John A. Blatnik,
Minnesota CONGRESSMAN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15

Minnesota CONGRESSMAN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-15
Religious Freedom

James N. Sites.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06
Man With the Votes

Chicago, the "city Of the big shoul-
ders," has had its full share of colorful
and professionally political mayors
including Republican big Bill" Thomp-
son and Democrat Ed Kelly. Democrat
Richard Joseph Daley, who was born in
the big city's rough West Side, belongs
In these ranks, and has been proving 1t
since his first election as mayor in 1855.
In fact, as candidate for public office,
Mr.. Daley has suffered only one setback
lin l946) since the middle 193Os. He won
a third term as mayor this week, despite
Chicago's crime and scandal, and
although his Republican-for Demo-
cratic opponent pushed him harder than
had been generally expected. AS 1t hap
pens, Mr.. Daley's political power extends
beyond city, county and State limits in
the realm Of Democratic Party politics.
In 1860, 1t took a Chicago Democratic
plurality Of 456, 900 to give John F. Ken
nedy an 8,800-vote victory in Illinois.
The President spoke well OF Mr.. Daley
only few days ago in Chicago, and the
mayor no doubt-scandals or no scandals
will have another chance to demon
strate his effectiveness In the presiden-
tial voting OF next year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06
Bric-o-Broc in Space

BY rough calculation, there are now
some 300 or more man-made objects
whirling above us out of our world.
Many of these are mere fragments Of old
Soviet and American experimental We
hicles, but most of them that are still
serving a purpose are those that have
been sent up by our own country, and
they demonstrate that the United States
continues to be very much in the space
race despite the current superiority of
RuSSia'S weight-lifting rocket power.
Wholly apart from Soviet-American
competition, however, it is a startling
thing that there are hundreds Of artifi-
cial objectS-Some Of them mere Junk
orbiting our earth. True, the heavens
are wide and high, and the reaches of
outer space are so vast as to be almost
incomprehensible. Nevertheless, when
one considers the launchings yet to take
place in our own country and the USSR
-launchingS involving vehicles whose
numbers and dimensions are unpredic-
table at this time-there can be little
doubt that clutter of Spatial bric-a-
brac is in the making.
So whatP Well, clearly enough, I'M
less there is some effective international
agreement to deal with it, this develop
ing celestial congestion may become, in
due course and in its own peculiar
fashion, as fearsome as our traffic jams
down here on our terribly bewitched,
bothered and bewildered earth, which
seems to be becoming more troubled and
less sure Of itself from one day to the
next. Who can blame it2 Small wonder
1t reaches for the moon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06

Karlis Kalins (Star, March
25) states that I try ito ex-
plain that the ills Of Soviet
farming are not ills at all
and that the apparent in
efficiency is a way OF life Of
Soviet peasantry which pre-
fers country life to living In
cities"
I made no attempts Ito ex-
plain" one way or another
the ills Of Soviet farming
whether real or imaginary. !
made in my letter two points:
That farming In Russia still
is largely "a way OF life,"
rather than an industry.
hence the mere number Of
people engaged In farming
cannot be taken as an indi-
Gator OF relative inefficiency
OF their methods OF farming:
that an objective and sound
evaluation OF the respon-
sibility OF their social system
for the difference In relative
efficiencies between their
farming and ours cannot be
achieved without taking into
account the differences in en-
vironment and various other
factors such as, say, the dew
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Some Light on Mental Retordotion
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

1t stretches more than 400
miles southwark from the
Weddell Sea and is much
wider than previously be-
lieved. It's size now is seen
to be comparable to the
great Ross Ice Shelf, south
Of South America, on which
there have been extensive
previous explorations.
ThurstOn an Island
Another change from pre-
vious maps Is the corrected
depletion Of q feature for
merry known as the Thur
ston Peninsula located be-
tween the Ross Ice Shelf and
the Palmer Peninsula. Ex-
tensive investigations after
its discovery have shown 1t
to be q very large island
attached to the mainland BY
q floating ice shelf. It Is not
part Of the continent itself.
Changes associated with
the most recent Antarctic
field season are noted In the
findings OF the Ellsworth
Land over-snow traverse. In
this area is located the south
magnetic pole.
Compilation and produce
ton Of the new map was &C
complished with the aid Of
information from research
centers. individual scientists
and map agencies Of many
nations. The work was sup
ported by q grant from the
National Science Founda-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06
Abuses in Jersey

Those who criticize Senator Byrd
Of West Virginia for cracking down on
welfare abuses in the District, and imply
that his "heartless" approach has put
Washington at odds with the rest of the
Nation, should take note of the report
Of special State legislative committee
on the aid-to-dependent-c pro-
gram in New Jersey.
Demanding an end to what 1t called
revolving abuses" the committee de-
scribed the details Of dilemma startling
in its similarity to Washington's. The
ADO caSeload in New Jersey mounted
214 per cent in five years; its cost, from
$6.5 million decade ago to $45 million
today. In It's investigation, the COM
mittee found that two-thirds of the ADO
children were illegitimate or deserted
by their fathers. It's 92-page report told
Of families where three generations of
women had illegitimate children-all on
relief. 1t reported near-poverty condi-
tons in some Instances, but also found
that Without exception, every case
investigated owned relatively new,
and often expensive, television sets and
other appliances Many had private
telephone lines, often the latest model
princess telephone in colorS, while others,
in addition to their private telephone,
had extension phones, all totally I'M
necessary to their maintenance and the
care Of their children"
Among the committee recommen-
dationS for remedial action were several
that will not be applauded by those
who oppose the attachment Of any
condition to the availability of relief
checks. For example: Re-adoption of
New Jerseys one-year residency re-
quirement for aid; initiation of a
voucher system Of ADO payments to
cover family necessities; removal of
children from the mothers care in
fragrant" cases; establishment Of flat
per-family ceiling on ADO grants.
Are these "heartlesS" proposals?
Certainly they could not have been made
hastily. The adoption of some of them
would very likely result in the loss of
Federal aid fundS-a point which the
investigating committee took some pains
to point out. The proposals, neverthe-
less, were made. 1t is no consolation to
the District, Of course, to know that
other areas are graphing with welfare
problems similar to those which exist
here. And 1t should be no surprise,
either, that responsible officials else
where are proposing similar means of
attacking them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06
Anne Arundel Reform

BY a more than 2-to-1 majority,
the citizens Of Anne Arundel County
elected a charter board last November
as the first step in an effort to revise
and modernize their county government.
recommendations Of the board will not
be submitted to the voters for adoption
or rejection until November, 1864. Under
an absurd requirement Of the Maryland
constitution, however, the new charter
proposal must be prepared no later than
May sand in a form which cannot
thereafter be modified.
Accordingly, by virtue Of discussions
with citizen leaders, expert consultant
advice and the burning of great
amount Of midnight oil, the five dis
tinguiShed members of the charter
board have produced tentative draft
Of the charter for citizen study. It is
an admirably complete and challenging
report, advocating that the county
commissioner form Of government which
has prevailed since the 10th century,
when Anne Arundel was entirely rural
In nature, be strapped, and replaced
with structure more responsive to its
increasingly urban development. The
population OF Anne Arundel has doubled
in the last 10 years; its budget, within
five years. The contention Of the charter
report is that the old system has buckled
and leaked at the seams under these
mounting pressures It's detailed account
OF the augmentation Of responsibilities
and other inadequacies in the current
picture makes persuasive reading
In place Of eight county commits
sioners who perform both legislative and
administrative functions, the new plan
proposes to divide these responsibilities
sharply between legislative County
Council and an administrative County
Executive, the latter to be responsible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06

only to the voters. This philosophy Of
checks and balances, coupled with an
effort to define powers and scopes Of
activity as closely as possible, is repeated
throughout the reorganization plan. 1t
deserves the most careful attention Of
county residents.
Time, however, is short. Faced with
its May deadline, the charter board has
scheduled public hearings this month
in Annapolis and two other parts Of the
county. The citizens of Anne Arundel
should not miss this opportunity to make
their views known and to correct short
comingS which may exist in the draft
during the limited period remaining
before the final version is set.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-06
Shorter Work Week
David Lawrence's column Of

David Lawrence's column Of
March q reads in part:
THE 35-hour week already
has been obtained in several
trades and crafts by the pres
sure Of labor unions"
In the 20-odd years I
worked with management, ell
Their as q clerical employe,
secretary or supervisor, my
hours were from 8 to 5 with
an hour lunch period. This
makes for a 35-hour work
week and I know Of few
white-collar worker friends
who will take q job with
longer hours.
If 35 hours Is satisfactory
for the management level,
what is wrong with q 35-
hour week for the so-called
blue collar workerP
Allen MatlOck.