davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-13
T.90 ''rOS0
e0S2iV@n'' h@md
wFaunR b1@mk@eS
$50

Popular print blanket in warm
but lightweight (3-Ibs.) blend of
94% roYon, so nYon, with
motchine l00% ocetote
binding. Hand screen print of
pink, blue, and lilac on white
ground. 1890" size for Twin or
double bed.
Evening star., 1963-01-13
S.90 envoy
FGYOm.0eFYIfe
bnesmnk0RS
4 for $40
sac ca.

Solid color blankets in procticoI
blend of 8ss6 royon. 1871
AcriIon ocnhic fibers with
nYIon binding. Weigh 3M-Ibs.
uloe. turquoise. beige. blue.
pink. yellow, rose. white.
72xo0" size for Twin or double
bed.
Evening star., 1963-01-13
1898 kemwOod
'FemN@m Rsr@meeS
Wool blamkoHs
T6.0S
twin size

Fine oII-wooI blonkets for coy
comfort and beoUtY. Matching
nYIon satin binding. Yellow,
white. green, blue, rose-pink.
chompoene, brown. 66xo0"
Twin size.
79.SS sox0o" double size s--I9.0S
9A.Ss IosxSO" kins-sizs (no
Wr0WnI
Evening star., 1963-01-13

lightweight. yet toosfY worml
Wosh without shrinking or
losing fluffy mop; dry very fostI
Mothproof. non-ollergenie. Nylon
sotin binding. Pink. yellow.
green. blue. ehompogne. white.
lS.Se ooKso" doSbts size Law
9A.SS IosKVo" kiaa-slEs
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Hicks Bishop
wedding date
set July II

Mrs. Gladys Hicks of Dur
Int announces the engage
lent and approaching mar
OF her daughter, Lily
8irginia (Jean) Hicks, to Ho-
her b. Bishop, son of Mr..
Matt Bishop alad the late
hrs. Viola Bishop. Miss Hicks
! the daughter of the late
In. Luther Hicks.
] The bride elect is a grad
late of Durant High School
md is presently employed at
.alon, Inc.
Mr.. Bishop is a graduate
I Sails High School, spent
bur years in the United
hates Navy and is now an
EMPLOYEE at Pathfinder in
j osciusko.
i The wedding will take place
zn Friday, July II, at Z p,
h at the Nazarene Church OF
The Reverend Gilt
brd Cruver will perform the
ceremony.
No invitations are oelne
Eent. but friends Of both fami
es are cordially invited t.
Ettend the wedding and thi
deception Immediately follow
ng at the home of Miss
Hicks aunt, Mrs. Leroy Ha
Ter.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Mrs. kenna
hostess to
Lucky Twelve

Mrs. w. B.. Kenna was hos
tess to the Lucky Twelve
Club, at her home on June
IL, with ten members pre-
sent.
The house was beautifully
decorated throughout with ar
engagements of summer flow
ers.
The meeting was called to
order by the vice : president,
Mrs. Lutte Ellison, in the alb
sence of the president, Mrs.
F.. Downer. Minutes we're
read and approved and dues
and fines were collected.
Mrs. Roy Gelston gave a
report from the Cheerful
Committee and read several
"thank your notes, express
appreciation for acts OF
kindness and thoughtfulne5s.
After the business session,
meeting was turned over
to the hostess and she enter
tanned with a very clever
game. Useful gifts were re-
ceived by all members pre-
sent.
The hostess, assisted by
Mrs. Henry Mullen, served
party plates with
.OkeS.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
TchuIo Gorden Club
Holds Meeting Fri.

The Tchula Garden Club
met Friday afternoon, June
IA, 1868, in the home of Mrs.
W. w. Gwin with Mrs. c. w.
Snradley and Mrs. w. G..
Gwin as co-hOStesses. Mrs.
W. G. Gwin, president, who
presided, called the meeting
to order and led the reading
OF the collect in unison.
The roll was called and the
minutes of the May meeting
were read and approved.
Inc special guests of the
cluu were the new members:
Mrs. Castor Grantham, Mrs.
w. F.. Waterer, Mrs. r.. j.
times, Jr., Mrs. 7. f. Woot-
EN-, and Mrs. T. d. Boyd. Mrs.
GWin announced that Andy
BraSWell will be sent to
conservation Camp by the
Garden Club.
Announcement was made
that Hospitality Week will be
observed June 17-22. Youne
girls of tlle town will he at the
booth each day.
Mrs. C.. c.. Wade gave
most interesting and informa
tive report of the State Gar
den Club Convention held II
lGreenwood recently.
Mrs. E. J. Sheppard pre-
|sented Mrs. Gwin a gift OF
two rose bushes from the
club in appreciation of hel
Outstanding leadership for the
lpast two years.
Mrs. H. c.. Waterer in 9
most impressive ceremony
Installed the following Off
GERS for 1868 1864: President.
Mrs. c.. c. Wade; LIST Vice
President, Mrs. j. K. Bar
wick; End VicePresident, Mrs
j.. P. Love; Treasurer, Mrs.
E. j.. Sheppard; Secretary,
l Mrs. B. B.. BrannOn.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

satin and a corsage of white
orchids.
Tea girls were Mrs. Travis
Shelton of Dallas, Miss Mar
garet McGehee of Baton Rou-
ge and Durant, Miss Kay
Derrick of Durant, Miss Roy
ce Ann Smith of Durant, Miss
Berta Donaldson of Jackson,
Miss Mary Ann Tucker of
Jackson and Miss Linda Smi-
tn of Starkville.
Following the wedding, a
reception was held in the
home of the brides parents.
Mr.. ana Mrs. L. A. Clements
we're assisted by Mrs. c. A.
Knott, Mr.. and Mrs. H. A.
Clements, Mr.. and Mrs. G.
l.. Clements, Mr.. and Mrs. c.
H. Blanton, Jr., Mrs. Roy
Smith, all of Durant; Mrs. j.
S. McIlWain of Jackson, Mrs.
J. E. McIlWain and Mrs. j.
F. McIlWain of Artesia; Mrs.
C.. Conlee of Leland, Miss;
Mrs. Hoyt G. Johnson, Jr. of
Columbus, Mrs. T. c. Castle
berry of Moorhead and Mrs.
M. c. Gideon Of Columbus.
Al the brides book register
ing guests was Miss Sandra
Hankins of Dallas.
Petite Kathy WEIGH of Nc
Comb, Aadalene and Camille
McIlwain of Artesia gave ia
vors of match books to the
guests as they arrived.
Mac Clements and Bob
Blanton presided over the
bird bath filled with colored
rice for guests to bid farewell
to the departing bride and
groom.
The brides table was COW
cred with an imported white
hand embroidered cloth of
linen and lace squares. Cen
tering the table was a three
TERED cake decorated and
topped with white gardenias
like the brides bouquet. Sill
yer candalabra at each end
of the table held white tap
ers, orchids and ivy.
On the punch table covered
with lavender tulle in the
receiving room was a silver
punch bowl. Assorted flowers
decorated this table.
The groom's table was on
the patio in the yard. Punch
in a crystal bowl, sandwiches,
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

nuts, and canapeS formed as
nosegays were served from
a glass top wrought iron tab.
lie decorated with ivy and
pink gladioli. Soft music and
candlelight reflected the
gaiety of the crowd of we'll
WisherS. At the entrance and
up the drive were lighted
candles and Hawaiian torch
es.
For travelling the bride
wore a white shakskin one
piece dress with long fitted
torso falling into permanent
pleatS at the skirt. A soft
chiffon scarf was worn at the
V neckline. She wore black
and white pumps and white
accessories. She wore an or
child, a gift of the groom.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Mrs. WiIIioms hosts
Foroet-Me-Not Club

Mrs. J. F.. Williams was
hostess to the Forget Me
Not Club at her home Tues
day afternoon at 3 O'Clock.
Nine members and four
guests, Mrs. Lutte Ellison,
Mrs. Henry Mullen, Mrs. o.
A. Cleveland and Mrs. 1. A.
Cothran were present.
The living room was beau
tifully decorated with arran-
gements of summer flowers.
Mrs. A. L. jenkins presid-
ed over the business meeting,
and Mrs. J. N. Hall gave the
Sunshine Report. The group
then repeated the Club mot
to-, and all joined in a rendl-
ton of the club song.
Prize winners in the con
tests enjoyed during the soc
|ial hour were Mrs. w. H
Scott and Mrs. r. H. Owen
Mrs. Cothran assisted the
hostess in serving a delectab'
lie party plate and Cokes.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

Miss HOrne'S maternal
grandparents are Mr.. b. l.
Harmon of Sails, and the late
Mrs. Harmon. Her paternal
grandparents were the late
Mr.. and Mrs. w. l.. Horne of
Wi1liamSville.
Mr.. Kuykendall is the grand
son of Mrs. j. G.. Taylor and
the late Mr.. Taylor of Dur
ant and Mrs. L.. d. Kuyken-
dali and the late Mr.. Kuyken-
dali of Sails.
THE BRIDE ELECT COM
pleted her junior year at
Kosciusko high school. She
was a cheerleader for the
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

Mrs. Wade named the
chairmen for the new Year.
She announced that the Nor
tn Regional District Meeting
will be held in Canton, June
20, and asked that the mem
bers plan to attend.
Following the meeting a tea
and social hour were enjoyed.
Misses Jane, Susie, and Ma
ry GWin served in the dining
room.
The flower arrangement
In the Good Old Summer
line" was made by Mrs. w.
GWin.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Spent Weekend Here

Spending the weekend with
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Terry
were Mrs. Johnny Jennings
and daughter, Lou Ann OF
TutWiler; their daughter,
Mrs. jeanette Alexander and
daughter, Terry Lynn, and
their son, Jimmy Terry of
Jackson.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

past two years, member and
treasurer of the Y-Teens, and
also a member of the Glee
Club.
Mr.. Kuykendall is a 1861
graduate of Kosciusko high
school and attended Holmes
Junior College. He is an en-
plOyee of the Illinois Central
Railroad.
The wedding will be solem-
nized on July 7 at 4 p. m. in
the Sails Baptist Church. No
formal invitations are being
sent but friends and relatives
of the couple are invited to
attend.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Nm46Mzl@|z1z
Mrs. Wayne Hooker, phone GA

Povall. She was accompanied
ny her mother, who will visit
ner for two weeks, and her
brother, 1t. Roy E. Povall,
who will spend several days
there before leaving for over
seas duty in Japan.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
To Dallas, Texas

Mrs. Dolph Hammett, Mr..
and Mrs. Dave Roberts and
Mrs. Jimmy Murtagh left
sunday for several days visit
III Dallas, Texas with Mr.. and
Mrs. Harold Hammett and
relatives.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Monday

Mrs. Emily Lucas and Mrs.
Sessions Povall will leave
Monday for Chicago where
they will be guests of their
nephew and family, Mr.. and
Mrs. Roland Rhyme and child
rem.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
To Greenville

MI. and Mrs. Paul Lind
|holm were overnight guests
OF her sister and brother : in
law, Mr.. and Mrs. VaSSar
|Dacus in Greenville WedneS-
day.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
To Memphis

Mrs. Necie Povall left Mon
day for Memphis where she
will spend several days with
her son, Henry S. Hooker and
family.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

Mr.. and Mrs. William Lafayette Horne Of Sails an
nounce the engagement and approaching marriage Of
their daughter, Nancy EtoyIe to George Michael Mic
XVI KuykendaII, son of Mr.. and Mrs. George Wesley
KuykendaII, all Of Sails.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Attend Dance Recital

ACtenu DlnCe ncCItdA
MI. and Mrs. j. r.. Booth
attended the Qance recital OF
their granddaughter, Gall
Booth, in Clarksdale on We'd
nesday night. They were ac-
companied home by Gail and
ner sister, Clair, for a two
weeks stay with their grand
parents.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Visited Parents

Visited Parents
Mrs. Wilburn Hooker visit
ed her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
II. E. Yates in Shelby the
|past week. MIR. Yates is re-
cuperating in the Shelby Hos
|pital, from a recent illness.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Wednesday Guests

Mrs. Walter Rayner and
Mrs. Wade Wineman and
children of Greenville were
Wednesday guests in the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. D. T..
Ruff.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Guests

Mr.. and Mrs. j. M. Tfdwell
and daughter, Suzanne, OF
icksburg, spent last weekend
with Mrs. Tidwell's parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. B. Minyard.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Visits Sister

Mrs. w. R. Seat and w. H.
Seat, Jr. of Washington, In
diana, spent several days the
past week with her sister,
Mrs. Alice Alexander.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Weekend Visitor

A guest of Mr.. and Mrs. d
+. Ruff over the weekend
was Mrs. John Carnes, the
former Miss Martha Ann Dy-
er, OF RoseWall, N. M.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
from KOsciuskO

M. and Mrs. Pete Thomas
oi Kosciusko were here Fri
Jay and Sunday to attend the
.unerals OF mis- aunts, Mrs. X.
s.. bevlll and Mrs. H. e.
true.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Visiting in Meridian

Mrs. Sue Booth is visiting
her sister, Mrs. r. M. Benja-
min, in Meridian.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Visits Here

Visits Here
Mrs. Herbert Streater of
Black Hawk was a guest OF
her brother, Mr.. w. G. Jones
and Mrs. Jones the past week.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
To CIarkSdale

To ClarkSdale
Mrs. Tom Shepherd spent
Wednesday and Thursday in
Clarksdale, a guest of her
cousin, Mrs. Jesse Hughes.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

Visits Sister
Mrs. w. A. Ramsey was an
overnight guest of her sister,
Mrs. Tom LeMaster in Bates
Vile Wednesday.
From Arkansas
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Dante OF
Ark, arrived Satur-
Gay to spend some time with
her mother, Mrs. Flora Herr
man.
To Jackson
Mrs. J. H. Beall and Mrs,
wv. d. Wilson were Jackson
Visitors on Wednesday.
Visit Relatives
Guests of Mr.. and Mrs. O.
L. Ellison the past week were
his sister, Mrs. Clare Tunto
and children, Diane and John
Returns Home
Mrs. Peyton Passions left
Wednesday for Ft. Hood, Tex
as, after a tWo-Week visit
her mother, Mrs. George
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Visitor

Mrs. Myrtis M. Lambert Of
San Antonio, Texas made a
business trip to Lexington the
past week.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
Visit Parents

MI. and Mrs. Marion Will
hanson and children of Mem
pniS are visiting her parents,
MI. and Mrs. Lee Mayo this
week.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

On Vacation
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph p.
Berman, their daughter,
Brenda, and granddaughter,
Llama BurWell of IndianOla,
|&ft Sunday for a three-week
trip to California, Among
places they will visit will be
Disney Land, Yellowstone
Park, Grand Canyon, San
Francisco and Salt Lake City.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
ffome For Weekend

Troy Tate, presently OF
camp Shelby, spent the week
END mere with his family.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

Sunday Guests
Luncheon guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. O. l.. Ellison on Sunday
were Mr.. and Mrs. l.. B. Gil
liland, Jr. of Yazoo City.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20

Guests Here
Recent guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. j. H. Beall were Mr.. and
Mrs. Lamar Maxwell of
Drew.
Holmes County herald., 1963-06-20
From Camp Shelby

Henry Mckee, who is on
National Guard duty at Camp
Shelby spent the weekend
with the w. c. McNeers.
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

LET'S TELL Everybody
Give Christmas subscriptions
to Alaskas magazine, Alaska
Sportsman = SIS a year first
subscription. 81 a year for
each additional year or Sub
scription ordered at same
time. We send gift cards. Or
der Now, Dept. H, Box 1911,
Juneau, Alaska.
C-10-10-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

Minimum charge 75c. &c per word for
each insertion. Deadiine for placing
classified ads Is Wednesday noon. Tele-
phone advertisements will be accepted
as an accommodation with the under
standing that they will be paid short
~ after the advertisement appears.
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

TABLECLOTH ROLL Gov
Frs. Suitable for church or
fraternal organization din
ners. The Frontiersman, Phi.
745-355O NC-8-1-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
RATES and NFoRMATioN

GAVE no. A 10 per cent dis
SNVI ~ 70 count will be given
when cash accompanies advertisement.
or II il is paid before the following
Thursday, except for Classified Display.
Classified display SIPS per column inch.
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

MACHINERY: Few items left.
Reasonably priced. Call Leo
Yadon, 376-3040 C-5-23-tf
GOOD BEEF, government
inspected. Front quarters,
SOC h., by half 40c ID. Val
ley Beef, 745-3523 or 745-3468
C-7-18-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
Trailers for Sale

BDRM Spacemaster Trailer
house, 10'x55'; 2 lots. Con-
tact Norma Rice. Box 1765,
Palmer. C-9-26-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

BUNDLES OF NEWSPAPERS.
Suitable for packing, etc. SOC
per bundle. The Frontiers
man, 745-3550 NC
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
Real Estate for Sale

2 LOTS, corner lot and on
black top. Smith Subdivision.
258-2166. C-l1-7-4t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

BEDROOM, full basement
home. Will redecorate to suit.
Call Hugh Adams. FA 2-1946,
Anchorage. C-6-27-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

D-7 TRACTOR for sale. Model
ct. Miles France, 745-3064.
P-ll-l4-4t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
Special Services

TAILORING AND REPAIR
SERVICE. Also cleaning and
repairing fur garments.
Browns Shop. 745-3344.
C-6-6-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

NEW, furnished apartments,
close in. Wasilla. Phone 376-
1850. C-10-17-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

LARGE 4-BEDROOM HOUSE,
full basement, hot water
heat. School bus route, 2 mi.
out of town. 745-3469.
C-5-l6-6.
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

BDRM. APT. heat and hot
water furnished $50 month.
Call 745-3423. C-8-29-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

/ BDRM partially furnished
house. Mi. ASH. Call 745-3436
C-9-26-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

LOWER fuel bills in solidly
built 2 bdrm, FILA inspected,
approved home. Carport.
Only 5000 down. about $3.50
per month. Less than rent.
Last house on North Valley
St. Open house anytime ex-
cept Fri. mite and Sat.
C-I0-I7-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

Business Opportunities

BUSINESS for sale. for details
call 745-37l4. C-11-21-4t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

GOLD and brown hide-a-bed.
$500. 745-3597. P-11-14-2t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
Machinery for Sale

WELDER, 200-amp Wisconsin,
4-cylinder, air cooled. 745-
1924. C-11-7-3t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
Vehicles for Sale

CHEVROLET 4 Door Sedan.
good cond, $3.50. 745-3057.
C-10-31-3t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

| BDRM completely furnished
home, Butte area. 745-3038.
C-10-24-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

2 BDRM partly furnished home,
hot water heat. Phone 392-
6213 C-10-31- If
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

APARTMENT with new cleo
trio stove and oil heat. Also
garage. Inquire FelZiens.
C-11-14-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

MODERN TRAILER SPACES.
Water and sewer. In Wasilla.
See Gus Seheele, Phone 376-
1920. C-8-8-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

FURNISHED apartment for
singles or couples. Call 745-
3l47 or 745 1921. P-11-7-5t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21

C-10-10-tf
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
For Rent

BROOM modern house in
North Palmer with part CO.
ment basement. Partly furn-
i S h ed. Possession immed-
lately. Contact Francis Hen
ry behind the former D & A
Grocery or at Swanson
school. P-11-14-2t
The frontiersman. [volume] (Palmer, Alaska) 1952-2005, 1963-11-21
Vehicles for Sale

1859 VOLKSWAGON. 745-3O56.
P-11-7-4t
Jackson advocate., 1963-11-09

equal" Negro and White public
schools was as much reflection
of the Negro desire for their
own schools as it was that of
the desire Of White people for
White schools. In order to safe
guard their schools, and to pro-
vide jobs for Negro teachers in
the state Negroes circulated
petitions, the last probably a.
round 1910, seeking to prohibit
White teachers from teaching
Negro children in public schools.
Negro schools in the state
established by the Freedmen's
Bureau and the White Mission
aries from the north and south
were located, for the most part,
in Negro churches, and in Negro
lodge halls that became more
numerous as the mystic orders
with their pomp and parade
spread in those early years a
mong Negroes in the state al
most paralleling the growth of
the Negro church. Here then
was the beginning of the one
room school that would plague
Negro education in the state for
many succeeding years.
The public schools in the
state as adopted in the Con-
stitution of 1890, as far as Ne
groes were concerned, starting
off against the background
& psychology of Negro slavery
during which most influential
White People of the state view
ed Negro education as a dam
gerous thing, despite the high
sounding phrase of separate
but equal" education for Negro
es and Whites, for many years
Jackson advocate., 1963-11-09
THE BEGINNING AND PROGRESS OF
EDUCATION FOR NEGROES IN
MISS. FROM RECONSTRUCTION
ERA UP TO THE PRESENT Time
The MISSISSIPPI NEGRO AND The SEPARATE
BUT EQUAL PROVISION IN THE STATE
CONSTITUTION OF 1890
Bright Future Prospects For Negro Educational
Opportunity In The State

ty of citizenship; and by White
Missionaries from the north, al
though there were numerous oc-
casions when dedicated southern
Whites joined in this most i'm
portant work.
In 1865, and in all the years
before that time during the
reign of slavery, there were no
such thing as public tax-sup-
ported schools in Mississippi.
The children of the wealthy
slave owner-class were educated
in privately owned schools, or
in their homes by private
tutors. Under this system the
poor-class White found it most
difficult and sometime impos-
sible to send their children to
school. Ironically, it was the
State Constitutional Convention
of 1890 which adopted a new
State Constitution containing
t-h e famous "Grand-Father
Clause" that totally disfranch-
ised the Negroes of the state,
which also contained the provi-
sion for taX-supported schools
and thus enlarged the prospects
of Negro education in the state.
This public school law contained
in the Constitution of 1890,
which has remained up to the
present time with comparatively
few changes was written by
Lieutenant Governor Cardozo, a
Negro, who held that office dur
ing the administration of Adel-
bert Ames, Governor of the
state during the Reconstruc-
tion Era.
The provision in the state con-
stitution for separate but
Jackson advocate., 1963-11-09

handicaps under which they
labored, to turn out students
inspired and disciplined by the
high purpose of education, with
a high sense Of responsibility
for the future Of the race, and
with flaming personal and rae
ial pride.
The greatest early aid to Me-
gro education in Mississippi came
in the early 1900's. In 1917,
julius Rosenwald, millionaire
Chicago merchant and philan-
thropist established the julius
Rosenwald Fund, mainly to
found rural schools for Negroes
in the south. It was not long
after the establishment Of the
Fund before well designed, we'll
built and equipped Rosenwald
Schools were found in many
rural areas throughout the
state, where they served not
only as the center of education,
but also as the center of Negro
social and community life.
A few years prior to the
establishment of the Rosenwald
Fund, another fund was estab-
lished with the main purpose
of aiding Negro education in
the south. 1t was the Jeannes
Fund, established by a Pennsy-
lvania White Woman, to pro-
vide the means for training bet
ter Negro teachers. The pro-
gram of the Jeannes Fund hav-
ing already been at work in the
state a number of years before
their establishment, the Rosen-
wald Schools found better train
ed Jeannes teachers ready to
take over better built and bet
ter equipped Rosenwald Schools.
In the years prior to the early
1940's, there was not one ac-
credited Negro public school in
the stae. At present, however,
there are some 100 or more ac-
credited egro elementary
schools, and more or less the
same number Of accredited Ne
gro high schools.
The early beginning of higher
education for Negroes in the
state may well be said to have
resulted from the vagaries of
Mississippi politics during the
Post-Reconstruction Era. Dur
ing his time, Hiram r. Revels,
in Congress as the United |
States Senator for Mississippi. |
Upon the consumation of the
Un-written Compromise, the
total disfranchisement of the
Negroes of the state, and the
restoration Of political power