davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-12-31
Rights in Virginia

Lyndon johnson, while
campaigning for Vice Presi-
dent In Richmond, told Vir-
ginians. "I did not come
down here to promise Vir-
ginia exemptions from the
obligation to carry out the
decision Of the Suprem e
Court, but an invitation to
join the Nation In extending
civil rights"
Is It possible for Virginians
to regain their heritage for
leadership in the cause Of
freedom and democracy un-
less they free themselves
from the stranglehold the
Byrd political machine has
clamped around their coun-
ty courthouses, their State
house, and their delegation
in the Congress2 Only q ma
jority Of Virginians at the
polls can give an effective
answer to such Q question.
If VirginianS wish to ac-
cept President Johnson's IN
vitation to Join the Nation
and to move forward into the
goth Century, and II Senator
Byrd and Representative
Smith belong to the pre-
Lincoln era, would It not be
fitting for Virginians to re-
tire these "time-honored and
respected gentlemen" to the
tranquility Of their farms in
Virginia's lovely countryside?
Darius v. Phillips
Evening star., 1963-12-31

too closely. The West German attitude
in relation to Russia may or may not
have softened under Chancellor Erhard
We feel confident, however, that Lyndon
Johnson, while remaining faithful to
commitments, will not lose sight Of the
fact that the United States must not
let itself be fettered in discussions with
the Russians
A second report comes from Mos
cow: According to a statement to Henry
Shapiro, Of the UPI-a report published
by the Soviet news agency Tass-Mr
Khrushchev is most deSirous Of improv-
ing relations with the Omitted States in
1864. He hopes to see "the development Of
relations of peaceful cooperation, good
neighborlineSS and friendship between
the peoples Of the United States and
the Soviet Union :" He adds that If
the efforts of our two countries and of
other states are united In the interests
Of peace, then the coming year Of 1864
can undoubtedly become q year Of de-
cisive change for the better in the en-
tire international situation"
Mr.. Khrushchev, Of course, has said
this, or something pretty much like 1t, on
other occasions. And then he journeyed
to the United Nations to pound on the
table with his shoe. This time, however,
there may be little more reason to take
his words at somewhat less than the
normal discount.
This brings us around to third re-
port-written by Charles Bartlett for
The Sunday Star.
The giSt Of his article was that Mr..
Khrushchev, economically speaking, is
in pain. The promiSsory notes which he
has been giving the Russian people are
coming due, and he Is finding 1t hard
to meet them. Russian gold production,
according to a CIA report cited by Mr..
Bartlett, is down. The needs Of q grow
ing population, plus military, space and
similar costs, impose an increasingly
severe strain on the Russian economy.
1t is not thought that this is sufficient
to upset the Soviet regime. But Mr..
KhruShchev wants help-in the form Of
long-term credits from the West. The
debate within our Government Is
whether to lend hand or to try to put
him through the wringer by refusing
long-term credits and endeavoring to
persuade our allies to refuse them.
Our feeling on this Is that, logically,
there will be mounting pressure in the
long run for an improvement in rela-
tions between the United States and
Russia. And we think this is desirable.
For to say the very least, If the Khru-
shchev government were to be toppled
through a denial Of credits, or perhaps
by some other means, the chances are
good that much tougher Stalinist crew
would take over in Moscow.
Undeniably, Mr.. Khrushchev pre-
SentS a threat. But the devil we don't
know could turn out to be much worse.
SO, with the knowledge available to US,
we favor lending hand. We say this
in the belief that there really is hope
ahead.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
THE POLITICAL MILL
COP. HopefuIs Must Toe Line
BY GOULD LINCOLN

l0-the earliest Of the l6
State presidential pri-
maries. They expect Mr..
Lodge, however, to remain
on his job in South Wet
Nam until 1t Is completed. If
that is the case, Mr.. Lodge
would not be able to cam
paign IN New Hampshire,
where Gov. Rockefeller has
already begun an intensive
campaign-he viii 90 back
there four times in January
and Senator GoldWater Is
expected to campaign there,
too. Senator Margaret Chase
Smith Of Maine, before the
assassination Of President
John F. Kennedy. had limited
she would enter the presi-
dental primary in the White
Mountain State. She has not
yet announced her plans.
Poll Picture
What former Vice Presi-
dent Nixon win do about the
presidential nomination Is
still to be disclosed. A recent
Associated Press poll Of
Republican county chairmen-
throughout the country
showed Nixon with 279 votes
as the strongest candidate
and 286 as the most likely
nominee. This put him sec
ond to Goldwater in the poll.
The Arizona Senator had
COL votes as strongest candi-
date and 446 as most likely
to get the nomination. Nixon
had advanced from A votes
in October as the strongest
candidate and from 72 as
the most likely. Lodge had
lib as the strongest candi-
date in the December poll
his name was not entered In
the October POLAND SO as
the most likely nominee.
Rockefeller had 101 as the
strongest candidate In the
December poll, an advance
from 56 in October, and 81
as the most likely nominee,
an advance from SIS. Gov.
Scranton Of Pennsylvania,
who had only q few stray
votes In this poll in October,
had A votes as the strong
est candidate. and 80 as the
most likely nominee.
Whether all this will en-
courage Mr.. Nixon to get in
10 Lne race remains to be
seen. Presumably 1t will en-
courage his friends. On De-
cember 16 q formal an
nouncement was made that
the former Vice President
had become the No. / man
in an important law firm
with offices in New York
and Washington. Mr.. Nixon
has strongly advised all Re-
publican candidates to enter
presidential primaries. viii he
take his own advice?
Some claim that the presi-
Dental primaries mean little.
They are likely to mean
something In 1864.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
No Skywotcher

I have before me "US
Comm-WB-DC Project
Skywatch observation
Form" Along with this form
there Is q 9-page multilithed
appeal to the public school
systems Of Montgomery and
Prince Georges Counties and
the District Of Columbia to
cooperate with the Weather
Bureau In Project Sky
watch"
The cooperation requested
includes observations Of: ID
clouds. (2) barometric pres
sure, CD wind direction and
wind speed-in miles per
hour or estimated as Beau
fort force, and a. precipita-
ton. But all Of these obser-
vationS are supposed to be
done without providing said
school systems with ap-
propriate instruments or any
other equipment!
Has the great United
States Weather Bureau
fallen into such Q sad state
Of repair that 1t must call
upon the public school teach
ers and school children to do
its work? I think notl
What we have here, I
suspect, is a clumsy attempt
by the Weather Bureau to
give the National Aeronaut-
les and Space Administration
some help In pulling chest
nuts out Of the fire. The fire
being ever-increasing doubts
that many persons are &C.
quiring about the values Of
"spacemanShip." Teacher.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
Theory on Wealth

Years ago there was con-
siderable support for the
theory that great concentra-
tions of wealth in the hands
Of a comparative few are de-
sirable, because wealth tends
to flow down, and the greater
the wealth at the top the
greater the overflow.
That theory somehow
failed to prove out, and now
a revised version is current.
The present contention Is
that the higher the pay per
hour for those who have Jobs
of one kind or another, the
more prosperity for all. That
seems to have some validity.
The weakness appears to be
that while prosperity is flow
ing to jobholderS. by virtue
Of mechanization and organ
ization. by the dipperful,
let's say. it is dripping to
the millions who are depend
ent on pensions, social secu-
rity payments, small an
nuities, ETC., and to the other
millions Of small investors
in the Nations enterprises,
in thimblefuls, or not at
all, or even causing greater
hardship, because higher
wages per hour lead to
higher salaries, and these to-
gether inescapably bring
higher prices for food and
clothing, higher rents, higher
service charges and higher
taxes, because these in turn
are hidden In the cost Of
practically all the basic nee
esSities. Benjamin KirsOn,
Holicong, Pa,
Evening star., 1963-12-31

cidentally solved problem of increasing
vexation to New Yorkers with a sense
of history, architecture or both. These
sensitive ones constantly complain that
their city's monuments are being
wantonly destroyed Station being
the latest.
The solution seems clear. Don't
protest, don't picket, don't plead, don't
pray. Just have the monuments declared
temporary Government structures for
the duration. They'll endure.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
Health Like Defense

I share Dr.. Mattingly's
concern for the health needs
Of "our Nations senior cit
izens" not only because I'm
getting nearer that venerable
status myself. assuming I
haven't reached 1t already,
but also because the health
Of the young Is already
improved with the knowledge
they will not be forgot when
aged. Everybody's health will
also be improved with better
knowledge Of the baSics Of
health economies.
The trouble is not "infla-
tion," a. Dr.. Mattingly seems
, to think. It's the very success
Of medicine which compli-
Gates the situation. When
people live longer, they have
more illnesses to take care
Of. There's no point In speak
ing Of "prohibitive costs"
when you get more for your
money. However, 1t means
more headaches, which
earlier generations were
spared by earlier death.
According to DR.. Maurice
Campbell, Of the cardiac
department, Guys Hospital
and the Institute Of Cardiolo-
gy In London, the soaring
modern death rate from
heart disease may be nothing
more than Q reflection Of
lives that were saved 20
years ago.
Money spent on health q
exposure to future illness. II
you lay out money for your
future health care, but re-
main healthy, you can't say
you haven't got your moneys
worth because 1t Is not spent
on your illness. This is q use
Of income competing with
the purchase Of more tangi-
bic commodities, but It IL not
the only instance where
people enjoy gambling with
their money.
In public health expendi-
lures 1t Il impossible to find
much connection between
any individuals contribution
and the benefit he himself
receives. Since individuals
are very limited IN the extent
to which they can control
their own health unilaterally,
health programs must be In
the hands Of groups, such as
Government agencies and
private foundations. This
puts them essentially outside
the market mechanism, and
the market test Of efficiency
-profits-iS not applied.
However, economic principles
must be applied to assure the
best possible use Of resources
and the prevention Of waste.
In one respect, health Is
largely like defense. Willy
ntlly, we are in 1t together,
not separately.
Sidney Koretz.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
There's Hope Ahead

80 The year now ending has not been
one to excite excessive pride or unrea-
Sonable hope.
At home, we have witnessed some
events so shocking that they had best
not be reviewed. There has also been
much criticism, much complaint, much
pulling and hauling. But the worst fears
OF the doomSday prophets, as stated a
year ago, have not come to pass. AS a
matter Of fact, one can say that there
has been progress in the United States.
And that we here at home can look for
ward hopefully to the coming year.
In some degree, the same holds true
for the larger scene. There have been
shameful incidents around the world.
Nothing comparable to the asSasSina-
ton Of John F. Kennedy, yet much that
has been reproach to mankind. But
on the whole, at least from the Vests
point Of view, the balance now being
struck is far from unfavorable. There
has been no war Of major consequence.
The nuclear missiles remain leashed.
The Western Alliance, If shaken, has
not come apart. The Common Market
StaggerS on. And the lives and condition
Of men on this side Of the Iron Curtain,
with some exceptions, notably Cuba, are
little better than before.
What about the other side Of the
Ct1rtain2 There, too, the closing year
has been tolerable. But there have also
been portentS in Communist-land which
indicate that all is not well. Certainly
they suggest that Mr.. Khrushchev will
not necessarily bury US. So, as we look
around the world, there is additional
reason for a certain hopefulness.
All of this has relationship, hardly
coincidental, to the news reports Of re-
cent days from such diverse places as
johnson City, Moscow and Washington.
= The report from Johnson City,
where President Lyndon Johnson met
with Chancellor Ludwig Erhard, was
couched in the lofty but ambiguous
terms Of formal communique, rein
forced by some informal comments from
around the barbecue pit. In combina-
ton, they spoke cheerfully Of mutual
admiration, agreement on objectives
which serve the cause Of peace, a con-
tinuing resolve to defend freedom and
atmggestion from the Chancellor that
@we are -minded-we want to re-
main flexible" 80.
This Is flexible statement In its
own right-especially when read against
the reaffirmation of shared commit
nient to the peaceful reunification of
the German people in freedom, by self
determination" We are far from sure
as to the precise meaning Of this. 1t
seems slightly less unqualified than
earlier commitments to reunification
through free elections. And Mr.. Erhard
said that his government was prepared
to examine call paths" that might lead
TO the desired goal-a statement which
seems to have bit Of new ring to
It, But at this time 1t probably would
be just as well not to read the fine print
Evening star., 1963-12-31
Who Started This?

AADO Va 10 aIc weary OF
reading the terms radical
right" and "fanatical right
lists" There was q time
when q citizen with conser-
vative political views was
neither Q radical nor q IA
natic. How did we get into
this category Of extremists
who menace the country's
political and moral welfare?
It may be that the conser-
vative segment Of our popu-
lation has been left stranded
on the right by the far left
swing Of the Democratic
Party in power since 1888
when President Roosevelt
recognized USSR as a world
state. We were not for that
we failed to see anything
proper In a government that
had slaughtered millions of
its citizens and enslaved
millions more.
There have been many
Democratic moves to the left
that we conservatives did not
approve. It did not seem
right to abandon so many
East European countries to
the Communist enslavers,
especially after fighting a
war to make the world safe
for democracy. Allowing the
entire armament of the
Japanese to fall into the
hands of the Communists in
Manchuria and placing an
embargo on ammunition to
the National Chinese army
really handed over the entire
Chinese mainland to Stain.
Roosevelt's policy Of being
good to Old Joe was really
paying off for the Commies.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
Court on Prayers

WlLn respect 70 JuSIln
McCarthy's letter, attack
ing Jim Berryman's Supreme
Court-children ct Christ
mas cartoon, the cartoon re-
fleets and transcribes an in
evitable reaction Of children
to prohibitions emanating
from recent decisions Of the
highest Court.
Children taught to believe
in God as Creator and Lord
Of all and accustomed to
pray in school, have sudden
ly been told, In many in
stances, that they can no
longer do this. It Is, their
teachers have had to ex-
plain, contrary to the Con-
Stitution Of the United
States. This Is true, not be-
cause 1t is obvious from the
words of the Constitution,
for after all Americans have
lived under them for 174
years, but because the Su-
preme Court has now de-
cided that this Is the true
meaning Of the First Amend
ment.
I do not believe our lead
ers, on the bench and else
where. are yet aware Of the
confusion created In the
schools Of the Nation and in
the minds Of our children
and youth, by the sweeping
prohibitions apparently i'm
piled by the recent decisions
Of the highest Court in En-
gel Vitale and In Schempp
and Murray. As Q result Of
these decisions o very large
percentage Of our school
systems have had to review
procedures respecting devo-
tions, not only at the OPEN
ing Of q school day but at
assemblies and other exer-
ciSes.
A few weeks ago I spent
a day at a Teachers Insti-
tute with several hundred
teachers of q well known
county not a hundred miles
from the Nations Capital.
The program listed devotions
by the host high school, I
wondered what was coming.
We ascended the platform
and took our places. A stu
dent came out and read a
brief account Of the life and
religious faith Of George
Washington Carver, wizard
chemist Of Tuskegee Insti-
tute. Then q second student
emerged and sang "The
Lords Prayer" Thus the
urge to have devotions was
expressed, but the letter, ap-
parently, Of recent Supreme
Court prohibitions was
obeyed.
This illustrates the thicket
Of questions into which our
people, who in the Ameri-
can system ultimately run
the public schools, have been
plunged by recent Supreme
Court decisions.
Governmental neutrality
In matters involving reli-
g1on, total and across the
board, would involve this
country in a revolution from
above which it would GER
tainly not tolerate. In addi-
tion, we are dealing not
with distractions, when cases
involving our schools come
up, but with moral and
spiritual beings, our chill
dren, and with the future of
the United States.
Charles Wesley Lowry.
President, Foundation for
Religious Action in the
Social and Civil Order.
Evening star., 1963-12-31
A BOOK FOR TODAY
How Could They Do 1t?
BY DONALD MINTZ
GERMAN HISTORY 1929. cermanv,.

G e r MAN HISTORY 1885
1945, An Assessment by
Germ IN Historians. BY
Hermann Mau and Helmut
KrauSnick. Translated from
the German by Andrew and
Eva Wilson. 157 pp. (Fred-
erick Ungar Publishing Co.;
"a cloth, $1.45 paper.)
In 1850, the Federal Ger
man Government set up the
Institut fuer Zeitgeschichte
Qnstitute Of Contemporary
History In Munich "to pro-
mote" says the dust jacket,
impartial research into the
recent past, particularly the
National Socialist era" The
task Is a vast one and much
remains to be done. Few
thoughtful Germans would
claim that their country has
succeeded in coming to terms
with that dreadful era.
German History 19SS-1945"
Is part Of the attempt to
master the Nazi period. It
originally formed part of a
larger work, "Deutsche Ges-
chichte in UeberbIick" ("An
Outline Of German HistoryO
edited by P. Rassow. The
senior author Of the present
section, DR.. Mau, was killed
in an accident before complet-
ing it. The work was finished
by DR.. Krausnick of the Insti-
tute staff.
One gets the feeling from
the subtitle and to a more
limited extent from Mr.. Viii
sons introduction, that the
translation is offered partly
for its own sake, and partly
as an exhibit, indeed, almost
as a curiosity.
The feeling If valid is
regrettable. For German
History 19SS-1945" is a re-
markably lucid and compact
summary Of a complicated
chain Of events, and the VIII
sons translation is perfectly
smooth and clear.
Hitler Comes to Power
Drs. Mau and KrauSnick
have produced neither an
apologize nor a mea culpa.
They quite properly point out
that the NaziS had 80 per cent
of the seats in the last freely
elected Reichstag and As per
cent in the chamber elected
shortly after Hitler had come
to power.
If these figures are not
smashing majorities, they are
nevertheless respectable con-
sidering how totally unre-
spectacle the Nazis were.
Moreover, support for Hitler
rapidly increased. "The enor-
nous number of desertionS
from the ranks of one-time
opponents" write the authors,
could no more have been
brought about by force than
could the approval of the
masses to the revolutions
more successful accomplish
ments. However one explains
the results Of the plebiscites
Of November II, 1888 CATER
Evening star., 1963-12-31

Germany's withdrawal from
the League of Nations), and
of August 9, 1894 CATER the
amalgamation of the presi-
dency and chancelIorship in
Hitler's own person., they
were not-as were later vot-
ing figures - systematically
falsified. Of those entitled to
vote, 88 per cent on the first
occasion, and "a per cent on
the second, voted for Hitler
and his regime. Rarely had a
people followed the banners Of
a revolution more willingly"
Why Hitler Was Supported
How could any people have
done such a thing? The au-
thors explore the background
in remarkable detail consider
ing the slimness of their book.
We learn about the wide
spread feeling that the Weimar
Republic was an 'interreg-
num-" about the rather large
part of the population that did
not accept formal democracy
as the framework within
which political quarreIs were
to be settled, and Of the
NaziS' aStonishingly skillful
use Of propaganda and judi
cious amounts of terror. Odd
ly, the authors introduce no
statistical material on the
enormous unemployment rate
in Germany at the time, or
the extent of financial infla-
ton.
The story of Hitler's consoli-
dation of his own power Gin
cluding the Roehm putsch
epiSode) and his tortuous and
successful foreign policy are
outlined with greater clarity
than one would believe posi-
BILE.
The book becomes some
what peculiar when it deals
with the bomb plot against
Hitler. The authors seem to
share the conspirators' views
of the demands of conscience
and the nature of an oath to
the state and its leader. Chief
of Staff OSter, they say, chad
come to accept the ultimate
step of objective high trea-
SOn'-for patriotic reasons
and against (Hitler) the des-
troyer of his country-aware
of the ethical twilight which
surrounded all responsible
action" The ethical
twilight" of course, exists
only if one thinks of the state
an an eternal entity with no
obligations whatever toward
its own citizens. That point of
view, as Germans should
know, leads both to practical
and ethical disaster. There
seems to be an inability
among them to see that the
supposed ethical twilight" is
created by German history
rather than by universally
valid morals, ethics or meta
physics.
But neither this nor any
other objection can reduce the
value and impressiveness of
this slender book.