davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Candidate Matthias

Representative Matthias Of Mary
land repeatedly has decided to declare
his candidacy for the United States
Senate seat now occupied by his Repub-
lican colleague, J. Glenn Beall.
We think he should. In talks around
the State, Mr.. Matthias says he has found
an Overwhelming sentiment" for his
candidacy among people holding posi-
lions Of responsibility in the Maryland
Republican Party" And there is no
reason to doubt that this is so.
Maryland Democrats, who already
hold one Senate seat, are certain to send
strong man in quest of the other next
year. Among the possibilities is United
States Attorney Joseph Tydings, an able
former member of the State Legislature
who won name for himself as leader
Of the fight against SavingS-and-loan
scandals. Republicans can hardly be
happy at the prospect of facing this
kind Of threat with Senator Beall, who
has never managed to achieve real
stature in Congress. Mr.. Matthias, in
contrast, is competent, vigorous cam
paigner, who has twice demonstrated
his attractiveneSS to voters of varied
political persuasion in Maryland'S
Sprawling sixth congressional district.
For his part, Senator Beall has done
his best to diSSuade Mr.. Matthias, warn
ing him that we would Just cut our
selves up" in the Republican primary
next May. At the same time, however,
the Senator will be the guest Of honor
at a $100-a-plate testimonial dinner to
be held in Baltimore October /.
1t is altogether possible that the
dinner could start Senator Beall's re-
election ball rolling. And no doubt the
knowledge of this is what led Mr.. Ma
thiaS to say it is becoming almost i'm
possible" to delay decision on his own
plans much longer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Eminent Contribution

france mas lost one OF It's truly great
citizens. Robert Schuman, dead at IT,
belonged to the company Of individuals
who IN every generation, and in every
land, seem to be born for the specific
purpose of leading good and constructive
lives.
Mr.. Schuman-twice Premier of
France after the Second World War, and
later Foreign Minister for more than
four years-quite obviously led such a
life. He was not only Frenchman of
high distinction, but also true Euro
pean intent upon welding together his
own country and neighboring free lands
into an economic and political union
not unlike that Of the United States of
America. And Of course, having in mind
the Soviet threat, he was all in favor
Of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
ton and its guarantees Of mutual
defense.
AS for doubling Thomases and the
fainthearted, or those who resisted the
idea of unity or wished to remain aloof
from NATO or his European Coal and
Steel Community, Mr.. Schuman had this
to say: ut has often been said that
security is indiviSible. In any case, Sc
curity is not supernatural. One cannot
add to it by subtracting from it." This
was the kind Of argument he used, over
and over again, to promote a Franco
German reconciliation and lay the
groundwork for what is now the Com
mon Market, made up of Belgium, the
Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Ger
many, Italy and France.
The dream Mr.. Schuman had is
still largely unfulfilled. But what he
started continues to move forward, slow
ly but surely. In an obituary message,
President de Gaulle has felicitouSly
summed up the nature Of the man and
his work: II salute the great conscience
with which he served his country and
the eminent contribution he made to
the cause Of a united Europe"
This does not exaggerate Robert
Schuman'S Importance. France and the
free West owe great deal to him and
to all that he did, quietly and somewhat
Shyly, in the critical years when he
played his historic role in saving what is
left Of free Europe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Setting the Example

If Alabama's Governor Wallace, by
his earlier cratic behavior, was hoping
to incite violence he has succeeded
perhaps beyond his expectations.
In Birmingham last night, riot
following a new bombing of Negro
leaders home left one man dead, an
other wounded by bullet and several
people hurt by other means. Three
schools scheduled for indignation re-
NAMED closed today, and there were
plans for probably futile appeal to the
Federal courts to keep them closed.
Earlier in the week Mr.. Wallace had
used State troopers to prevent the open
ing Of deSegregated schools in TuSkegee.
In Huntsville, similarly situated schools
were kept closed by local officials, who
said they did not want to expose parents
and children to the police lines. The
Governor then ordered some 600 troop
erS and deputies into Birmingham, and
the expectation was that they would
forcibly prevent the opening Of three
schools under court order to admit Ne
groeS. But Mr.. Wallace did moth
ing. Two Negroes were enrolled at one
school, and local authorities, who had
asked the Governor not to interfere,
were able to maintain order with only
minor difficulty. Last night brought the
bombing and the riot, however, and no
one now knows what the course of
events in Birmingham will be. But there
remains possibly portentous pre-riot
comment by the Governor: "This is only
the first inning and we have not come
to bat"
Meanwhile, in other areas in the
South, seemingly as an unattended re-
proach to Mr.. Wallace and his tactics,
deSegregation moved ahead without
significant disorder. This was true in
Virginia and in Cambridge, Md. It was
also true in such Southern cities as
Charleston, S. c., Baton Rouge and
Memphis.
No one pretendS that the white
people in these communities welcomed
indignation. But neither did they want
violence born of futile resistance. In
this, they were following the admirable
example set by their political leaders.
We think that much the same thing can
be said Of Alabama. Except that the
example there has not been admirable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

In a recent interview in
United States News and
World Report, Mr.. Fuller, a
wealthy Negro businessman,
told the story Of his own
career. This interview was re-
peated, in part. in David
Lawrence's column. There are
quite a few things concerning
the opportunities for Negroes
with which I definitely dis
agree with Mr.. Fuller.
Mr.. Fuller says II have
found no barriers to me in
business" This 1 cannot be-
lieve. I am sure that Negroes,
even in his class, have felt
some racial barriers. The
question was asked in the in
terview: us there any just
ification for Negroes COM
plants about their lot in
American" Mr.. Fuller answers
that there are some legiti-
mate complaints. 1t would
seem that Mr.. Fuller is out
Of contact with the masses
Of Negroes in America. II he
was in contact with the
masses, he would know that
discrimination exists in al
most every daily aspect of a
Negroes life - discrimination
in housing for example.
There are very few suburbs
which will admit qualified
Negroes and Negroes find 1t
difficult to obtain decent
housing at a reasonable price
In the cities.
Mr.. Fuller says that you
have to sell the idea to the
white man that you are Just
as good as he is by perform
ance. I would like to know
why is 1t that when immi-
grants come to this country
they are automatically given
the privileges OF first class
citizens with the exception of
voting, serving on juries, etc.
They are given privileges of
citizenship which are denied
Negroes who have been in this
country we'll over 300 years,
/ have the impression that
Mr.. Fuller does not have con-
fidence in Negroes as people
who can do just as we'll as
any other race in business,
or in any other field, provided
they are given the equal OPP
portunity and a chance to re-
ceive the best education they
possibly can.
Mr. Fuller gives me the i'm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

cept one the boycotting pub
lie has ultimately relented
after a show Of firmness by
the proprietors.
The State Of West Virginia
recently conducted q survey
of several hundred establish
ments which had commenced
to serve Negroes and found
that SO per cent of them had
experienced no negative or
unpleasant" effects. The city
of Ell Paso, Tex, which
adopted an ordinance against
discrimination except in
beauty and barber shops and
bars over a year ago, has
received only one formal
complaint of a minor nature.
Smaller Places Slower
While the evidence is in
creasingly impressive that
the Southern cities can yield
to the preSsureS against dis
elimination, the prospects
are less promising in the
smaller places where preju-
dices are undiluted by eco
nomic factors. The Justice
Department survey found
lib towns and small cities,
spread through II States but
mostly concentrated in the
Deep South, that do not ap-
parently contain any ele-
ments ready to contemplate
a change in the status quo.
This is not entirely q
Southern problem. Michigan
has had an anti-discrimina-
ton law since 1885 and Gov.
George Romney found in
surveying its compliance this
June that discrimination in
overnight accommodations is
fairly widespread in some
rural sections of the State.
Complaints in these areas are
few since they are not
handled promptly by local
prosecutors and Negroes do
not wish to take the time
and expense to register them.
1t is clear that, with or
without a Federal law, this
same resistance will prevail
for a long time in many
rural sections of the South.
The Presidents. proposal
gives elasticity to its en-
forcement in these places by
the necessity to show In
Movement in interstate COM
merce and by the freedom
that will be left to Federal
judges to guide the timing
and settlement of difficult
complaints.
Southern opposition to the
Presidents proposal Is I'M
queStionably keen, even
among those who are acting
in advance to impose its OBJ
jectives. But the rate Of
progress and the signs Of
willingness to accept further
progress do not support the
contention of those who say
that it can only be enforced
by Federal bayonets.
@ 1858
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Test Ban Critics
wAs'NN9eG s'Aa-

In your editorial, TEST
Ban Critics." you seem I'M
duly swayed by the prepon-
derance Of testimony favor
able to ratification. AS a
business man you would
hardly accept a promissory
note for a considerable sum
from a man whose credit
rating was even half as bad
as that of the Kremlin's. Is
it prudent to be less careful
when our national security,
yea even our very existence
is involved? We should re-
member that it's unhealth-
full for high military Off
GERS to oppose the President
on such matters as the test
ban treaty. The recent sack
ing Of Admiral Anderson is
not lost on those who cher
ish their position and re-
sponsibility.
Even some Of the high Of
ficials who felt constrained
to go along with the Presi-
dent on ratification Of the
treaty urged protective re-
servationS to safeguard our
national security. The liberal
assurances from the admin
istration to be zealouSly work.
ing for the security of our
country fail to remove all
anxiety when we recall the
bold speech Of the President
shortly after the Bay of Pigs
fiasco. Again when it was
clearly established that Rus
STA had established a mill
tary base in Cuba, he failed
to compel Khrushchev to
allow on-site inspection Of
the missile bases.
Now when the Kremlin is
having a tusSle with Red
China, why don't we press
for worthwhile concessions
instead Of giving in to the
Soviets? Is the path Of CO.
existence with Communist
bloc nations so alluring that
we allow our hands to be
tied by adoption Of a test
ban treaty which would do
more for the Soviet Union
than for our own country?
The adoption of this treaty
would likely encourage a
sense Of false security. Too
bad that the Whiz Kids in
the Pentagon make decisions
which should be made by
military men.
Ira b. Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

have been a problem that
has preoccupied kings, en-
perors, republics and
relationships, fascist or Com
munist. In our time Mr..
Khrushchev is the best
known example.
At the turn of the CEN
tury agriculture began to
emerge as this country's ma
jor political problem. No
where has change been more
rapid. Today corporate farm
ing everywhere is replacing
the farmer" 1t is only in
the Southeast that "the
farmer" is making a last,
and perhaps foredoomed,
stand. His numbers annually
decrease. The small farmer
already is finished. The
medium or large independent
farmers hang on. But per-
hapS inevitably even they will
be swallowed UP by "bigness"
that can be more efficient in
supplying mass populations.
Whether this is a good thing
for any nation is question:
able. But 1t may be unavoid-
able.
Pace Is Swift
The pace is swift. One may
see 1t very clearly in the
Southeast. where "the
farmer" tried to hold on. It
was no more than four or
five years ago, for example,
that the small broiler pro-
Queer was a familiar part Of
the farm scene. Today
his abandoned, deterioratinR
chicken houses mar the high
way scenery. Feed companies
today contract with q cor
porate group or the Cooper
alive that produces broilers
in huge flocks that grow In
automated care, requiring
little labor. The Southeast
ern dairy farmer is looking
over his shoulder as political
forces, committed to Barry
Goldwater's program OF
freeing the farmer" argue
Tor measures which cannot
do other than eliminate the
average dairy farmer.
In the Midwest the miracle
OF corn is not so much its
size and prolific production,
but that there are so few
farms" and so few persons
needed to plant. till and
harvest. The same Is true OF
wheat.
So today one farm boy In
10 will have a chance to be
"a farmer" Unemployment
among rural youth is so per
cent higher than among ur-
ban youngsters. And those
nine OF each 10 who come TO
town usually have less edu-
cation and fewer skills.
How was 1t in your time,
OdySseus2
CAN Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

Councils vote, have pledged themselves
to maintain the cease-fire on their ever
explosive frontier. If they hold fast to
that pledge-if Syria puts an end to
marauding operations and If Israel
abandonS its past policy Of retaliating
without first appealing to the U. N.-the
peace of the region will be we'll served,
the Soviet veto Notwithstanding.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

A striking response in the
South to the new pressures
for desegregation Of restau-
rants, hotels and theatres
has raised hopes that en-
forcement of a public accom-
modations law may not prove
as awesome a task as many
had anticipated.
This new optimism does
not extend to the small towns
or even the suburbs of the
Deep South. But the definite
progress in widespread urban
areas and the lack of re-
action to steps taken in these
areas are major portents Of
an accelerating spirit of con-
ceSSion.
A survey by the Justice
Department at the end of
August showed that signi-
ficant advances against pub
lie discrimination have now
been made in all So Of the
cities with more than $4,000
population and all but seven
Of 81 cities with populations
between $4,000 and $4,000 in
these nine States: Florida,
Kentucky, Maryland, North
Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennes-
see, Texas, Virginia and West
Virginia.
The survey showed that
288 or SO per cent Of 544
Southern and border cities
with more than 10000 popu-
lation have either taken
steps toward the desegrega-
ton Of public places or have
moved into position to make
imminent and effective prog
reSS.
Another 1873 Of these cities
contain businessmen and
leaders who are ready and in
some cases anxious to estab-
lish equal treatment in pub
lie accommodations. Progress
Sive sentiments are at work
in these places, but the key
individuals are reluctant to
exert an initiative. They pre-
fer to wait for the establish
ment Of biracial committees
or the enactment Of a Fed
eral law.
Progress Since May
Much of the firm progress
has been accomplished since
last May and a great deal Of
it has been done without
publicity or agitation. There
are now 299 Southern and
border cities with desegre-
gated lunch counters, 258
with desegregated restau-
rants, 236 with desegregated
theaters. and 202 with de-
segregated motels.
A promising feature Of
these developments has been
the lack of recrimination or
Of financial penalties against
the proprietors who take the
steps in concert with their
competitors. Boycotts devel-
oped> in scattered instances,
but in every known case ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
TiIIing the Soil Was Ever Thus
By RALPH McGILL

News story: Grandfather
may talk about how hard it
was for a rural youth to
establish himself in farming,
but today's country boy has
it much harder only one
in 10 rural boys may expect
to become a farm owner or
operator. A national confer
ence on problems of rural
youth in a changing environ
ment will be held at Okla
homa State University Sep
TENDER 1925"
Homer wrote in the Odys-
sey Of how Odysseus. return
ing home after long years
Of wandering, and by most
persons given up for dead,
was first recognized by his
old dog Lying on a heap
Of dung with which thralls
were wont to manure the
land"
At hand is Virgil's
Georges" published 90 BIC,
and Columella's "Husbandry, 4"
written about so AID. It was
a farmers bible" in Italy
and Europe for at least Is
generations. Virgil wrote
lyrically Of crops, bees, ami
mails. vineyards and family
life.
Virgil 'PrOpagandist'
But both Columella an d
Virgil were writing to al
leviate farm problems. Virgil,
indeed, wrote as a propagan-
dist. Veterans from Rome's
armies were crowding the
cities. A huge land program,
a sort of soldiers bonus. was
arranged. Land would be free
Virgil inspired them to the
bucolic life. Virgil borrowed
from the astounding col
lection Of Roman knowledge
about agriculture. He wrote
Of seed incubation and Sc
lection. Of planting peas and
blowing them under to en-
rich the soil. Of vetch and
lupine, and rotating crops.
Much Of the vast story OF
Roman knowledge was lost
in the so-called dark ages
Agriculture in Europe suf-
fered thereby. Settlers who
came to America rarely were
skilled In agriculture. They
would have had even more
difficulty In surviving hac
they not taken over Indian
methods Of growing maize
and vegetables. Their strug-
giles to farm" were further
retarded because soils alonp
the Atlantic seaboard were
relatively acid and poor In
yield.
Agricultural history is as
fascinating and filled with
discovery as that OF indus
trial development. It's inven-
tons have been as revolu-
tionary. But since before the
birth Of Christ, the feeding
and clothing Of populations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry UriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used t0iH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

preston Of being an Uncle
Tom. I disagree with most
of the answers given by him.
I am sure that he does not
speak for the Negro race as
a whole in America.
William r. Scott
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
MuHiqon's legacy

The passing of Walter F.
Mulligan, ST., has left a void
in Prince Georges County
which will not be quickly or
easily filled. At an age when
most men put aside the re-
sponsibilities Of public af-
fairs, Walter Mulligan was
making his most significant
contribution. AS the guiding
hand Of the Prince Georges
County Federation of Citi-
zens Associations for "a
years, he fashioned a public
spirited organization which
has become the strongest
champion of the county's
average citizen and resident.
AS Federation President, he
spoke often and we'll for
Prince Georgians. with can
dor and courage undiluted
by partisan considerations or
desire for personal gain.
His monthly report to the
federation disclosed a prodi-
gious devotion Of time and
energy to all manner of
good works. both in the
county and the Metropolitan
Area. He was proud Of the
fact that he had lived in
Prince Georges County for
40 years, but he did not let
longevity blind him to the
county's shortcomings or its
crying need for reform. He
was adamant in his support
Of home rule charter and
other substantive improve
ments in county govern
ment, even though these eff
forts brought him into open
conflict with vested political
and financial interests. In
all that he did, he invariably
put the welfare Of the county
first.
Some who accumulate
great fortunes seek to per-
petuate their names by be-
quests Of money or land for
various public institutions.
Walter Mulligan had no
great accum ulation OF
wealth, but he leaves his fell
low citizens an inheritance
which is far more valuable
than another building or
park. His legacy to Prince
Georges County is his own
untarnished example Of dis
interested public service.
Walter ii. Maloney, Jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Twits Lawrence

David Lawrence cries (Au-
gust 29) that the March on
Washington was a day Of
disgrace" and is disturbed
because the normal COM
munity life of Washington
ans was upset for "a hours.
What a catastrophe!
Had Mr.. Lawrence been
residing near Boston, Mass.
on the night of April 10, ITS
probab bly, he would have
roundly criticized the noisy
Paul Revere for disturbing
his slumbers. Rip van Wrinkle
has his counterpart today in
those who, sleeping through
a revolution, don't want to be
disturbed.
Robert II. Hitler.
Minister, Yves TIN in ster
Methodist Church, WeStmin-
lister, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
First Aid for March

I should like to express
the sincere thanks of the
Bureau of Disease Control,
D. c. Department of Public
Health, for the outstanding
and liberal response to our
request for medical and
para-medical help in provid-
ing services for the large
group of visitors in Washing
ton, August 20.
Our limited staff would
have been overstrained with
out the help of the local
chapter Of the American Red
Cross, the Armed Forces, the
Visiting Nurse Association,
physicians of the Civil De-
tense Unit and others of the
D. C. Medical Society and
the Medico- Chirurgical So
ciety, private duty nurses
and additional aides to man
rs first aid stations, begin
ming at Union Station and
operated at intervals to the
center of activities. 1t is not
possible to thank all the var
ious individuals personally,
but we want them to know
that the official health
agency is deeply grateful
for their patriotic contribu-
tions.
This is truly an outStand-
ing example of community
cooperation and I am in
deed most grateful for all
who participated in provid-
ing health services of any
kind.
John r. Pate, MD, M.P.H.
Chief, Bureau of Disease
Control.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Negro Spokesman

Ira B. Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
WiIson-Lonox

Mr.. and Mrs. Clifford M.
Lomax announce the mar
rage Of their daughter Ange-
line to Mr.. Glen r. Wilson,
son Of Mr.. and Mrs. Hugh
T. Wilson Of lola, Kans. The
wedding took place yesterday
at the Congress Heights
Methodist Church. The
couple will live here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Envoy and Wife
Will Host
Musicale

The Malayan Ambassador
and Datin Ong will be the
hosts at a soiree musicale
tomorrow at 8 pm. at the
3l15 P street auditorium.
The event will benefit the
American opera School,
which is sponsored by the
District chapter Of the Ma
tional Association Of Teach
ers of Singing.
The association was estab-
lished to provide basic train
ing in repertoire and stage
craft required before a young
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Church in Portland. The cou
pie will live in Portland.
Snith-Voorhees

Mr.. and Mrs. Donald D.
Worries Of Bethesda an
nounce the marriage of their
daughter Kay Louise to Mr..
Lewis Smith of Freeland,
Md. son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
George Wilbert Smith Of
Freeland. The wedding took
place February / at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17

Persson-Moupin
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Will
liam Maupin Of Arlington an