davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
RALPH McGILL
Ghono's Dependence on Cocoa

that a British farm expert
was onshand when cocoa was
in its early stages and saw
the new crop off to a good
start. Whatever the facts,
the Ghanaian small farmers
have held the lead. Now they
and their crop are plagued
with diseases remindful OF
those affecting seedlings Of
tobacco farmers. They are
subject to blights and rots.
Bananas are another ex-
port. A curious fact Is that
while plantain. of the banana
family, is a staple item Of
food, the banana is not pop
ular, possibly because it is so
plentiful. A Ghanaian civil
servant, a man in his fifties
said as we discussed our boy
hood and educational back
grounds. that he had grown
up in a bush village amid
banana trees, but had never
eaten them. I'VE used TO sell
punches of them for a penny
or So" he said land buy
canned herring"
Cocoa, in the country which
produces so much of 1t. also
is rarely served. 1t is not
available in most stores. It
must be imported back, for
one thing, and Is expensive.
Whatever the reason. 1t can
not be called the Ghanaian
drink.
Banana. palm nuts, kola
nuts and copra are exported.
The local pineapple is a mag
nificent item, and is a popu-
lar food. Rice, a basic food
crop. is In short supply and
must be imported. It is some
what startling to see United
States rice on sale in stores
here. In the rush to indus
trialize. Ghana cannot afford
to neglect agriculture, but
most of the talk is Of ma
chimes.
(All Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02

ROME - During the 1860
campaign Candidate Ken
nedy and his aides COM
planned that the American
image had suffered much
throughout the world
through mishandling of in
ternational affairs by the
Eisenhower administration.
He promised, If elected, to re-
store American prestige. Aft
er a short upsurge, the Amer
lean image is now at a low
ebb with rank and file Euro
peans.
President Kennedy's inaug-
uration speech, filled with
electrifying words and prom
Uses Of great things. plus his
own youth and personality,
charm and vigor, took Europe
BY storm. Let both sides be
united to heed IL all corners
of the earth the command Of
Isaiah - to undo the heavy
burdens (and) let, the
oppressed go free,'" were
words Of hope everywhere in
the world. Let every other
power know that this hemi-
sphere intends to remain the
master Of its own house."
were fair words Of warning
to Fidel Castro and Nikita
Khrushchev.
But the words had hardly
faded from memory when
came the disastrous Bay Of
Pigs invasion in Cuba. And
while that pot was still boil
ing the Berlin Wall was
erected and the oppressed"
were locked behind it. Only
stern protests came from
Washington.
But the following year the
world took heart when again
the ringing, strong words Of
President Kennedy an
nounced that the United
States would take firm &C
ton If Mr.. Khrushchev did
not remove missiles and
bombers from Cuba. But
Cuba still remains a strong
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
Aid to African Reds
Seen in Snub to Britain

Communist gains: A decision by
some African states to recog-
nize the Communist satellite
regime in East Germany. East
German agents are active in
Africa with offers Of aid.
One Of their main objects is
to get diplomatic recognition
from a nom Communist gov
eminent, something they have
SO far failed to achieve.
Erhard Loses Point
Ludwig Erhard, West Ger
mans Vice Chancellor, came to
Brussels during the talks on
delaying the treaty, He lobbied
hard for a quick signature, urg-
ing the danger from the East
German regime.
He lost his point. Most people
connected with the Common
Market thought his fears ex-
aggerated.
Some people minimize the
immediate danger to Africa
from the Communists, but they
are worried about what might
happen in the long run.
The Western world, including
the Common Market countries,
has been moving toward unity
at a pace all too slow in the
eyes Of many observers-par-
ticularly Americans.
This prospect now has been
mon Market would expand to
include Britain with its world
wide influence was a promise of
greater speed.
Common Market Setback
This prospect now has been
shattered by the French veto,
at least for the immediate fu-
ture. The Common Market has
suffered a serious setback.
Britain and its friends, all Of
them Communist, are ar
rayed against Gen. de Gaulle's
government which is Just as
anti-Red in its own way.
The dispute makes the West
ern side Of cold-war arguments
less convincing to African
leaders trying to decide which
way their best future lies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02

BRUSSELS, Belgium, Mar. 2
(AP). - 1t may sound far
fetched, but Britain's exclusion
from the European Common
Market could help the Commu-
nists in Africa.
In reprisal against President
Charles de Gaulle's veto on
British entry, Britain's friends
forced a delay in q far-reach-
ing agreement linking Western
Europe with IS African states.
Sixteen Of them are former
French colonies.
The action did not come from
pique alone. The other men,
bers of the Common Market
particularly Italy and the Meth
erlands - want to make sure
that the neutrality-suspicious. At
rican countries can get in also
on the aid-and-trade plan II
they like.
The postponement was a
shock to the Is states, where
the governments tend to be
neutral but cool toward COM
munism.
The Reds have long delighted
in batting them as the willing
pawns of "neo colonialism. I"
Now there is sure to be a Red
chorus Of II told you So"
Spaak Voiced Warning
ut would be a victory for
communism" Belgian Foreign
Minister aul-Henri Spaak told
other cabinet ministers from
the Common Market nations,
"if we give these African coun-
tries the impression that they
are nothing but the playthings
Of their former colonizers."
This apparently was Just the
impression being given. The
Accra Evening News, a militant
anti colonial newspaper
founded by Ghana's President
Kwame Nkrumah, drew a bead
on the Common Market nations.
Mutual cooperation by all
MEANS" 1t commented, but
never the horse and rider
relationship which some Of our
unfortunate African brothers
are gleefully maintaining with
their neo-colonialists masters
In Nigeria and elsewhere. !"
West German leaders. who
play a major role in the Com
mon Market. we're warning that
there could be q quick sign Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
BY DAVID S. BRODER
Star staff Writer

star bbhll WflVeH
The most intriguing question
in Republican politics at the
moment is: Will there be a
Goldwater candidacy?
A good many Republican
professionals will bet you the
answer is no. But the Arizona
Senator's hackers among the
Republican chairmen in town
for a conference this week end
insist he is delaying, not de-
clining, the bid.
The Goldwater fans--and he
has many more avowed sup
porters among the State chair
men than New York Gov. Mel
son Rockefeller does right now
Insist for the record that they
have no objections to his ex.
pressed desire to take the rest
of the year to null over the
choice between seeking re-elec'
ton to the Senate and trying
for the No. job.
But the fact remains. they
are getting itchy. This vac.
uum can't go on much longer.
one of them remarked. Some
thing will happen. The Rus
SLAMS. or Kennedy or Rookie
Teller will do something that
will force a decision from
Barry. It's bound to happen
Kleindienst Quitting
Richard Kleindienst, Arizona
State chairman for seven years,
is quitting next month to spend
more time on his law practice
But If Barry would only say
let's go, I'd gladly forget about
that law practice" he said
yesterday.
Other pro-Goldwater chair
men-mainly Southerners and
Westerners-feel the same
eagerness to move.
Indeed, their actions could
easily lead the onlooker TO
think the campaign has been
launched.
The Goldwater hackers are
actively talking up their man,
and, in a polite way. taking a
few cracks at Gov. Rockefeller
The Governors current tax
program troubles in New York
have given the Goldwaterites
a better argument than any
they have had before.
In the corridor conversations
at the Statler- Hilton. where
they are meeting here, they
are overlooking Gov. Rookie
feller's liberalism" and his
divorce and just pointing To
the Wall Street Journal story
which casts doubt on his ability
to carry New York today. Why
nominate a loser2 They ask
Electoral Votes Eyed
Can Barry Goldwater VIM
That question is dealt with in
a mimeographed sheet hi.
supporters are distributing
among the State chairmen. II
shows the Senator can pile w
3ll electoral votes-43 more
than he needs TO win-ever
conceding President Kennedy
New York. Pennsylvania, New
Jersey and all Of New England
Michigan and Missouri in thu
Midwest, and California anC
every other State touching ths
Pacific.
This speculative rundown
assumes Senator Goldwatel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
TO CATCH A cHEATER
A-BIast Detection Difficult

pACbCly COll5uAllCu, btluo uAAOW-
ing radioactivity to escape and
be picked up by surface moni-
tors. Many of the Nevada ex-
plosions vented" IN this way,
officials report.
Minerals and rocks in the
area of the shot also might
undergo recognizable changes.
some scientists say. In some
previous American tests, small
rocks and pebbles on the sur
face were Tipped over, exposing
a different face to the sky
which could be picked up easily
in aerial photography. 1t is said.
Radon, q kind Of radioactive
gas. has been found to seep
out of the ground above some
Nevada tests, again raising
hopes that underground shots
cannot be fully hidden. Gamma
rays have also been found to
leak from crevices near ground
zero.
Third Phase: Drilling
If any Of these evidences is
found by the on-site inspection
team, 1t must decide where to
drill in hope of finding the
pocket of intense radioactivity
produced by the suspected un-
derground nuclear test.
In this third phase, 1t Is as
yet unclear whether more than
one drilling rig could operate
at q time, to cut the time
consuming operation as much
as possible. With a 20 or 30
man team, however it is doubt
full whether more than one crew
could be brought in.
Gamma-ray logging would be
an important technique in the
third phase. AS the drilling pro-
ceeds, gamma radiation should
be picked up well in advance
Iof penetrating the actual
pocket of radioactivity.
Mining experts on the on
site team would search mines,
II any were nearby, to look for
suspicious conditions.
Chances "CIOse to Zero"
As late as 1860 American
scientists advised the join
Congressional Atomic Energy
Committee that the chances OF
catching a cleverly-conce
shot would be "close to zero"
On-site inspection was singled
out as one Of the weakest links
in the identification
chain.
Aside from finding q realis-
tically small area in which To
drill. there is the problem OF
how deep to dig.
In the United States first
underground shot. the IL kilo-
ton Rainier explosion In Me-
vada in 1857. 1t took four
months to find the radioactive
pocket, even though the drillers
knew exactly where the bomb
had been fired.
Presumably drilling times
have by now been drastically
shortened. But the Rainier shot
was buried only 300 feet. Nov
there is talk that a sneak shot
would be buried 5000 TO 10000
feet.
II each drill hole dug by ar
on-site inspection team had Il
go 10000 feet the time TO cover
even a small suspect area OBJ.
viously would be long. And few
would expect the Soviet Unior
to permit a large number Of
drill teams TO work on its terri.
tory. In order 10 cut the time
This question Of Soviet co.
operation Is one that hangs
heavy over the whole on-sitC
inspection idea.
II the inspectors we're 10 en-.
counter a hostile environment
which Is not at all hard Il
imagine In the Soviet Union
the prospects Of catching .
sneak shot would be less favor.
able. even the optimists &C.
knowledged.
Senate Hearings Set
The Senate will get q chanc,
10 Judge the pluses and mi.
muses. Of the test-ban contro
system II American. Britisf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
Evidence Of Cheater

Other methods besides moni-
toring aftershocks are available
In the second phase OF surface
surveying. One Is visual inspec-
ton, by which some officials in
the Defense Department put
great store. Clever as a cheater
may be, he Is likely 10 leave
tell-tale evidence behind. they
believe.
The shot might not be COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02

nueIeoF test ban. Here is the second
Of two articles exploring scientific
odvonees in the detection and iden-
tifieotion Of nueIecr explosions.
in peaceful uses Of nuclear
bombs, code-named Project
Gnome.
At the Gnome site, ordinary
black-and-white aerial photos
showed a definite pattern Of
surface cracks around the ex-
plosion. Roots Of shrubs like
mesquite and yucca were dam
aged, the plants started to
wither and the results showed
up in color photography.
The upward push Of the ex-
plosion shook the soil above,
as If the earth had been In
a giant flour sitter. The sur
face was left with a refined or
grantulated look.
Superimposing all these in
dicator patterns on one map
pointed clearly to ground zero.
The Gnome explosion, how
ever was buried less than a
quarter mile. about 1900 feet
in an area Of soft alluvium
near the surface, salt beneath.
Surface effects could be ex-
pected to be more noticeable
there than in other environ
ments.
Problems Of Second Phase
Unless the first phase aerial
reconnaissance succeeds in a
day or two. the most promising
technique Of phase two would
be handicapped.
This technique is a recording
unit for registering aftershocks
of earthquakes. The unit is
small enough to be transported
on a small panel truck, and
presumably would be airlifted
to the vicinity Of the one
square-mile area singled out in
phase one.
In tests at the Nevada I'M
foreground tests, and on earth
quakes, major distinguishing
characteristics have been found
Nuclear explosions produce af-
tershocks for only three or four
days, and their number falls
off drastically after the first
few hours. Earthquakes pro-
duce aftershocks for many
days, even weeks.
Aftershocks caused by explo-
sions emanate from q central
point. but those from earth
quakes occur over q much
broader area.
On. the basis Of this ex-
.perience. one Defense Depart
ment expert concludes that II
on-site inspection teams could
reach the site within three 10
four days after the event. "the
presence Of aftershocks would
be a strong indication that the
event was natural in origin"
The event could then be iden-
titled as an earthquake and the
on-site' inspection team could
60 home.
Absence OF aftershocks. how
ever. would not necessarily In
dictate an underground explo-
sion. It might merely m e a n
that the first-phase aerial sur
vey had pointed TO the wrong
place.
Aftershocks, might even be
used as q mask for q sneak
test by q clever cheater. Since
1853 seismologists have beer
warning that one Of the ma
jor methods for beating" a test
ban would be 10 trigger a clan
destine nuclear explosion on or
earthquake.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
Senate Hearings Set

The Senate will get a chance
10 Judge the pluses and mi
muses. Of the test-ban control
system II American. british
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02

Congress next week will open hearings
on problems involved in policing
nueleoF test ban. Here is the second
Of two articles exploring scientific
odvonees in the detection and iden-
tificotion Of nueleor explosions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-02
Pattern Found in Nevada

Experimenters with aerial
surveillance have been encour-
aged by their findings since
1861, at the Nevada UNDER
ground test site and at the
Carlsbad IN. Mex experiment
Apache drum beat., 1963-11-01

tional work assigned to these
students is planned in keeping
with the curriculum of each in
dividual.
Haskell is one of the oldest
schools in the Indian service.
1t has been steadily advancing
for more than IS years. Today
it is high school with two
years of vocational training at
the post high school level. 1t of
fers two years of training in
commercial work.
We have opportunity to earn
money on Weekends. So on Sat
urdays many of us go to work,
usually at K. U. During football
games we sell cokes. It's fun
to work there. So far l saw four
college games while working at
X. u, first game l saw was
when Kansas upset Syracuse 10
to 0, second game was a defeat
for Kansas as the Iowa State
handed them its second loss IT
to IA. Third game Kansas de-
-feated Oklahoma State Al to 7,
and their fourth home game was
against their own neighbOr
Kansas State and once again
K. u. won "a to 0. So it was fun
working there at K. U. Our foot
ball team has played their
fourth home game so far, and
Lawrence High played their
third home game here at Has
kell Stadium.
Every school is very import
ant and interesting place to go.
| hope all the young students
will keep up with their work
and obtain better education.
Remember education is neces-
Sary for everyone. So lets all
learn to support ourselves, to
stand on our own two feet and
to speak up for ourselves. This
is very important for us to
learn for our future.
Apache drum beat., 1963-11-01
boarding School Ms~,
Students Enjoy Haskell

many other sports for girls too.
Our Apache boys seem to be in
terested in an Indian Club. In
dian Club is composed of all
students who are interested in
preserving the Indian traditions
and who know the dance, songs,
and folk lore of their tribe.
They have to own costumes.
Since we couldn't get the whole
costumes we don't participate in
that club. Each student is urged
to participate in some recrea-
tional activity to promote i'm
proved physical fitness and a
means of establishing many
friendships. We have a nice
Snack Bar here, it is called Has
kell Shack. The Shack is main
tanned for the convenience and
relaxation of Haskell students,
and it is open after 500 pm. on
school days and on certain time
on Saturdays and Sundays. OPP
portunities for higher education
possible at Haskell are two
fold. Commercial and vocation
al course beyond the high school
level are open to qualified stu
dents. Students are enrolled on
a working scholarship basis, and
each student is required to do
twelve hours of institutional
work each week in lieu of pay
ment for room and board. Has
kell also enrollS limited num-
Der of students each year to live
on campus and attend the Uni
versity of Kansas. The institu-
Apache drum beat., 1963-11-01
by George Dickens

Of all teen aged persons in
the world, you who are in
school are in minority. Even
if you live in one of the many
European countries, you might
we'll be working for your par
entS or at a trade. If you were
still a student, it might be to
prepare yourself for later train
ing or because your parents
could afford your education.
Today we enjoy thousands of
conveniences unknown to the
Pioneers, we have these con-
veniences because of the ad-
vance of Scientific knowledge
How do we gain the knowledge
we have? We discover some
things ourselves, but learn more
Apache drum beat., 1963-11-01
Education MMed

through sharing knowledge. For
example, thousands of years ago
a man probably discovered he
could travel down a river on a
log. He told others. To keep
the log from turning over, some
one followed out one side of it
and discovered he could ride in
this crude boat. Other men
learned to propel the boat with
stick that was later improved
to make an oar. Next a sail was
added. Then came the steam
boat. Today we have ocean lin
ers propelled by motors. 1t re-
quired many minds and thouS-
ands of years to progress from
the log to the ocean liner.
If you had to discover every
Continued on Page 81
Apache drum beat., 1963-11-01
by Mack Steele

San Carlos | was told to write
to Apache Drumbeat So right
at this particular time l finally
decided to write.
Since was employed at San
Carlos Trading Enterprise for
two summers | am pretty sure
many Aapache people at San
Carlos know me very well.
Before l go on l would like
to thank the Education commit
tee of San Carlos for furnishing
my transportation to Lawrence,
Kansas not only for me, but
also for most of the students
elsewhere. | surely did appreci-
ate their great help. certainly
hope they keep up with their
wonderful system for long
time. About Haskell, l know
that there were some Apaches
from San Carlos that attended
Haskell before, either last year,
five years ago or maybe early
before that. Everything that we
know today do not stay the same
as time goes by,
Today | think Haskell is
far more different than three
years ago. We have new large
boys dormitory and girls dorm
itory both with 412 residential.
Also a new school building, all
these new large buildings were
, completed two. years ago. Has
kell once again will look differ
, ent next fall. A large Student
Building is Still under cOnstruc-
ton at this time. There are 1880
students enrolled at Haskell this
fall. Eight San Carlos Apache
students are among them. They
are: Mac Arthur Key, senior
post graduate, Terrell Victor,
Jr., senior post graduate, Clan
cy Gibson, senior post gradu-
ate, Lolita Hooke, senior post
graduate, all of San Carlos and
Marston Faye, senior post gra-
duate, of BylaS. The Junior post
graduates are: SilaS King, San
Carlos, Ethelene KentOn, San
Carlos, Mack Steele, of Peridot.
Before l wrote this letter met
with all these students and talk
ed to them. l learned that they
are all doing fine with their vo-
cational training or schooling.
So we are all doing very we'll
here at Haskell. We attend Lu-
theran Church regularly every
Sunday which is off the cam
puS. --.>
There are some students here
that l went to school with back
at East Fork. They are: Kynn
Kenton, San Carlos, Clancy Glib
son, Peridot, Marston Faye, By
las, Josephine Harrison, Ft. Nc
Dowell, Pat Cruz, East Fork and
Jennie Mae ClaWsOn, Cedar
Creek. So it seems rather
strange that we are still togeth-
er here. l don't think any of
these students are lonesome at
all. There are 13 students of
Apache tribe from Whiteriver,
Arizona, attending school here.
| like Haskell because there
are many things to do and many
interesting places to go and ac-
tivitieS to attend. Everyone has
great opportunity to join any
club or take part in any activity.
Haskell maintains competitive
schedule in four sports: foot
ball, basketball, track, and cross
country. Haskell is a member
of Interstate Junior College
A+LIo+io COpforonoo Thora oro
The Nome nugget., 1963-11-06

says. The meeting may be held in Fairbanks on Nov. 18.
 Lawlor outlined the history of the Barrow project:
 l. The Barrow Chamber of Commerce and other individuals approached the REA in Washing ton seeking financing for a REA- backed cooperative.
 2. The REA was not interested in the small project, apparently, and suggested the Barrow peop.e contact the Golden Valley CO., operative.
 3. Washington officials of REA urged the Golden Valley board to take on the Barrow project
 4. At GVEA directors meeting in early March, 1863, the decision to go to Barrow was approved by a four-to-three vote and the pro- ject was instigated.
 5. In order to get GVEA SUD- plies to Barrow during the 1863 shipping year it was necessary to order with haste so the supplies could be shipped north on the once a year ship that calls at Barrow in early September.
 Continued on Page 9