davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
By Thomas Snapp Times Staff Writer

Mrs. Dolly" Komakhuk, 11O- year-old Eskima great grand mother, now living in Anchorage, remembers when the United States purchased Alaska from Russia.
 In fact, she remembers the time before the Russians came to north ern Alaska.
 Mrs. Komakhuk was born near Council just little north of Nome, sometime in 1852, the exact date is not known.
 Amazingly, she was mother to five children, and now has 30 grand children and AS great-grandchil- dren. One great-granddaugh is now seventeen.
 In the not too distant future, per haps the smiling Eskimo woman may have her first great-great-great grandchild
 According to Mrs. Komakhuk, shortly after she was married, she remembers the excitement among her people when Russia sold Alas ka to the U. s.
 Prior to that time she said her people traded with the Russians al what is now St. Michael's. When the Russians sold Alaska, Mrs. Komak. hulk says they were afraid the trad. ing would be discontinued.
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
ARCTIC RADIATION PR0bED
RadioIogist
 Soon to Inspect X-Ray Machines

Sidney D. Hedersdorf. director Of pathological health for the State Health Department, says that K rays should be a greater source of worry regarding radiation than fallout.
 He says the average US. citizens gets more radiation from being K rayed than he gets from natural background fallout.
 Heidersdorf was sent to Alaska by the US. Public Health Service to set up an overall pathological health program for Alaska.
 It will involve environmental sur vellance. x-ray equipment inspec- tion, and control and evaluation of hazards associated with radiation.
 He will make his headquarters at the Douglas Marine Station. a part of the Institute of Marine Sciences of the University of Alaska.
 The health department is in the process of negotiating an agree ment with the University of Alaska for mutual use of a beta counter and other equipment at the Douglas station. A gamma spectometer will also be purchased, perhaps jointly. This equipment will be used to analyze samples for radiation.
 
 bachelors degree in physics from Loras College, DeButte, Iowa, and completed years study in 1958- 59, at the University of Washington Graduate School in Seattle in ra- diation physics. He completed three
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
By Thomas A. Snapp Times Staff Writer

Four scientists have told the Tun- dra Times that there is no imme- dlate danger from Eskimos eating caribou but have agreed that ra- diation research needs to be step- ped up in Alaska.
 The four are: Sndney D. Heid- ersdorf, head of pathological health for the state of Alaska, pr. Leslie Vierick, of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Dr. Lawrence Irving, of the Arctic Research La- boratory, University of Alaska, and pr, William Pruitt, biologist. form- erly employed on the A.E.C. Pro- ject Chariot Study and former member of the faculty of the Uni versity of Alaska.
 Of the four, Heidersdorf, who was assigned to Alaska about z month ago to set up an overall
 pathological health program. say
 that the radiation level is higher ir | Eskirnos who subsist mainly or caribou than on those who do not but he says that the present level in no way endangers health.
 He says a person who has had number of X-rays will have more radioation in his body than Eskimos who eat caribou and says that person who wears a watch with ! a luminous dial may get more ra- diation exposure but he describes people do from eating caribou.
 He points out that there is al- ways risk. genetically speaking, with the slightest amount of ra- diation exposure bue he describes it as about million to one"
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
 Pt. Hope Votes To Welcome Plane PoiarBearHunters

Not long ago the village council of Point Hope had a meeting and discussed pros and cons of the plane hunters who come to Point Hope to hunt in the month of February.
 After they studied in detail the advantages and disadvantages of their coming all 20 people who were present voted in favor of the com- ing of plane hunters.
 They pointed out that the time they use to hunt polar bears was before February before the plane hunters arrival.
 They pointed out that no one hunts them now. One leader said, Now we play cards. We use to stay out hunting them all day.
 Point Hope News reported:
 Everyone is happy to see them come. A recent meeting of 20 men of the village showed that all 20 were in favor of bear hunters conn., ing and they hope more will come, as this helps the economy of the village.
 "They voted to ask Fish and Wild- life to study polar bears
 Point Hope is located on the westernmost point of Alaskan main- land. It has a population of abous $50 people.
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
TWo.cOUNTRY LIFE SPAN
 Creat-Creat Grandmother, Age llO, Remembers US. Purchasing Alaska

At that time she said her people were mostly hunters, trappers, and fishermen.
 We had only wood traps" she said, land fishing nets made out of caribou sinew and seal hides.'
 Jade Matches
 "Only matches we had were jade rocks" she said, land we had jade knives"
 Since Mrs. Komakhuk does not speak English fluently, information was given to Tundra Times through her 59-year-old daughter, Mrs. An drew Kalerak.
 Mrs. Komakhuk lives with a blind daughter, Mrs. Grace Alexin, 69, in a little apartment on Tudor Road, very near to the home of her other daughter, Mrs. Kalerak.
 Although well past the century mark, Mrs. Komakhug is still frisky and gets about. She makes Eskimo yO-yOS and dolls and does other sewing.
 Life Secret
 Mrs. Komakhuk gives as the req son for her long life the fact that she only eats meat, berries, muktuk, fish, and wild potatoes. ...
 In the early days, Mrs. Komak- hulk says her people used fish traps, some big, some only about 5 feet ,(Continued on Page 6)
Tundra times., 1963-02-04

months training at the Hanford Laboratory in 1859.
 In the fall of 1859, he joined the US. Public Health Service and was assigned to the Division of Radio logical Health, State of New Jersey.
 For the past two years he has been an instructor in pathological health at the Robert A. Taft En- gineer Center in Cincinnati and the Pathological Health Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland
 On February IS, Heidersdorf will inspect the X-ray equipment at Mt Edgecumbe High School and later will inspect X-ray equipment at the native health hospitals.
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
Scientists Say No Danger Exists Nosv to A|uskuns

The genetlc risk of Eskimos who eat caribou has now risen slightly to about million to two," but the risk is in no way a danger to health, he said, because it is so small.
 Dr. William Pruitt, biologist of college, who has recently written an article about the radiation prob- lem in connection with caribou for Beaver magazine, differs sharp- ly with Physisist Heidersdorf on the increase in risk.
 He described the increase in risk instead of two in million" to a thousand in million
 pr. Viereck and Dr. Irving would not comment on the pros or cons Of the radiation question but did say that the hazard was serious enough to warrant concern and study
 Essentially this is the problem. Caribou and reindeer feed mostly
 on sedges and lichens. Sedges and l HShehS uo HOt get lnelr nutrients 1 from the soil through roots but l through dust winch they absorb from the air.
 As they absorb the dust for food, they take in much more fal1out than most other plants and according to technical journals they retain aI- most 100 per cent of it.
 The caribou and reindeer then eat the lichen and sedges and the radiation passes on to them. Ac- cording to recent studies released by the AE.C. caribou in Alaska have more than 20 times the amount
 (Continued on page @
Tundra times., 1963-02-04
Subscriptions Al Half Price

Do you know of persons in out lying Alaska villages who. would really appreciate receiving copies can subscribe for them for a year for only $2.50.
 The first ten letters bearing the earliest postmarks and mentioning this offer will be eligible The other half of the subscription cost will be paid by Ernie Hanauer, of the Upholstery Shop, 122 Hall St., Fairbanks.
Tundra times., 1963-02-04

INAUGURAL unfurl their flags they through thousands Alaskans during Governor William A. Esan last Monday National Guard from Nome military units the state par Dalton banks Daily News-Miner.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-10-04

ton of the savings deposits of
Bank of Crewe, and the consi-
derable cash income from the
varied farm operations in the
Crewe area. During TIL e
past fifteen years several small
industries such as CreWe Gar
ment Company. Southside Elec-
trio Cooperative, and SprOut-
Waldron, Inc, and of Piedmont
Sanatorium and Burkeville We
neer Company in the area of the
banks branch office at Burke
vile, has also enabled the bank
to maintain a record Of continu-
Gus growth. Such deposit in
creases have been Immediately
mplOye in the form Of
loans, to the f III | es extent
permitted by supervisory au-
thorities. which have. in turn.
benefited every facet of the
economy of the trade area.
The 1862 Session Of the Viz
GINA General Assembly made
far-reaching changes III the laws
governing banking in Virginia,
designed to encourage expansion
of statewide holding compa-
MES and large oank branching
systems. To combat the impend-
ing changes, and strengthen 10
cal ownership and management.
the stockholders of the Bank Of
Crewe, and of The National
Bank of Crewe, voted TO merge
the two locally owned and oper-
ated institutions. This merger
became effective on July 81,
1868. just a few months before
the 18th anniversary of Bank of
Crewe.
The National Bank, originally
organized in 1903 as Citizens
Bank was converted into a Ma
tional Bank in 1909, and assum-
ed the name. First National
Bank" In 1910 the bank erected
a new building adjacent to the
Bank Of Crewe building. In 1883
it was reorganized as The Ma
tional Bank" and continued to
serve its customers under the
leadership of A. H. Klock
President, and c. M. Jones.
Cashier. F. l.. Wilson assumed
the presidency in 1850 after the
death of Mr.. Klocke and in 1851.
T. l.. Wilson assumed the cash
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-10-04

ier's position when Mr.. Jones re-
tired after twenty-eight years u
service to the bank.
The new" Bank of Crewe,
with total assets of over eight
million dollars, plans to I'M
prove, and expand its service to
customers of the Crewe- Burke
vile trade area Banking quar-
tiers are to be improved and
new departments will be investi-
gated in the near future. The
bank, with an individual lend
ing limit of $4,000, is expected
to figure prominently III plans
for locating additional small in
dustlieS in its trade area.
Thus, after seventy-five years
Of uninterrupted operation dur
ing many dramatic and cololful
periods Of the growth Of upper
NottoWay County, the original
$4,000 capital Of Judge Mann
and his ten pioneers has grown
to almost 100000. while deposits
have grown from less than
Sl00,0e0 after the first decade Of
operation. to over rs million dol
lars.
The original staff Of three has
grown to nineeen full time and
several part time employees,
contributing a payroll Of over
Sl00, 900 to the areas economy.
The few original stockholders
have mushroomed to over 40,
two-thirds of whom live in Not
toway County. Loans have H.
creased from 5000, 900 in 1915 10
almost As million, just 10 Years
later.
The hard working farmers.
railroad m p 10y S, bWsi-
nessmen, professioral~people and
housewives have, over the years,
evidenced confidence in the safe
and sound operation Of Bank Of
Crewe by placing their surplus
money in safekeeping with the
bank on deposit accounts. The
bank has, in turn. always oper-
ated so that the area it serves
could derive tine maximum bene-
fit from these deposits. Bark Of
Crewe and Town of Crewe, each
celebrating its 18th anniversary
this year, can truly say that
they have been partners in prog
ress.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-10-04
Bank And 7oiun Of Creiue Celebrate
IS Years Of Progress Together

located on what is now known
as Route AGO, across from the
railroad roundhouse. One night
in 1899 it caught fire and burned
to the ground. r. NJ Beville.
now Of Chicago, son of one Of
the banks founders. remembers
his father telling him about this
fire His father, R. S. Beville.
and two other officers of the
bank loaded all of the money.
mostly gold coin, into water
buckets. and each took all he
could carry home with him. Mr..
Beville put two buckets Of gold
under his bed and spent the rest
Of the night. revolver IN hand,
investigating every creak Of
shutter or floor.
In 1900 a new bank building
was erected one block north Of
the old site, on what is now
Crewe's main street, Carolina
Avenue. This building is pictur-
ed above in an ad found in a
1903 Presbyterian Ladies' Cook
book 1t must have seemed spa
cious to the three employees of
the bank, since it accommo-
dated the banks operations with
out addition or remodeling, until
1858 when the bank had grown
to over four million dollars.
During the early years of the
twentieth century. the Town of
Crewe experienced rapid growth
as the railroad greatly expanded
its shop forces, and major en-
CINE overhaul and repairs were
made in the CreWe shops 1t is
reported that at one time. there
were over 800 men working in
the shop and roundhouse facih-
ties alone. According to census
figures. Crewe's population ac-
tually peaked at about $500 per-
sons in 1910. and has never
since attained this figure.
The late Frank W. Sheffield
served the bank for forty-eight
years beginning as a clerk in
1918. He was appointed cashier
in 1923 and remained il charge
of the banks operation until his
retirement in 1856. E. R. Shef-
field, his son, now Executive
Vice President of the bank,
quotes his father in describing
the early years of the bank.
Each employee was expected
TO have an outside Job. as the
bank could not afford to pay a
living wage One bank teller was
also a postal clerk. and he had
TO leave the bank each time a
mail train came through Crewe,
to help put up the mail. before
he could return to his banking
chores. Long hours. laborious
pen-posted records, and mental
calculations were the order of
the day. with the bank open to
the public until six I'm. during
some periods" Mr.. Sheffield re-
called keeping bookkeeping rec
ords of customers checking &C
counts with pen and ink on an
old Eagle" ledger, posting by
kerosene lamp. at a stand up
desk. On one occasion he was
out Of balance ten cents, and
after searching for j. long hours
he approached the bank cash
Ter for permission 10 charge off
the error. He was refused. and
it was not until long years later
that the error was located.
BY the close of World War l
in 1918. Bank OF Crewe had
grown to almost one million dol
lars. and in 1928, inst prior to
the Great Depression, Total As
sets were 81 100000 During the
difficult years of 1898 the
bank operated in a period of ma
uonal financial chaos and crisis,
eliminating in the RANKING Holi
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-10-04

ing this time. and were not per-
mitted to reopen. Bank Of
Crewe. by adjusting its capital
position. and acquiring stock of
the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration, was able to continue
in operation. though severely
weakened, as were all banks, by
tremendous losses. particularly
in unsecured business loans.
loans on real estate. ard in cor
pOrate bonds.
During 1888 Bank Of Crewe
also acquired the assets and as
summed the liabilities Of Farmers
and Merchants Bank in Burke
vile. and has since operated it
as an important. and fully staff
ed branch, serving the banking
needs of the Burkeville trade
area.
Grewth during the thirtie
came, slowly, as the railroad,
Crewk's primary employer. SUI
tered in the grips Of depression
and slow recovery. A large part
Of their work force in Crewe
went jobless. or worked only two
or three days each week. BY
1888 the banks assets had in
creased only $l65 900 in the pre-
ceding decade, to 81 ,445, 900.
World War II, beginning late
in 1871, provided the impetus on
which Bank Of Crewe. along with
the nations banking system in
general, experienced its first
dramatic growth. During the
war, deposits built up steadily
as result Of full employment.
particularly on the railroad, and
an almost complete lack of any
thing to buy with the new found
income. BY l947, when automo-
biles. appliance S, and new
homes became available, Bank
OF Crewe was ready with money
to lend, its total loan accoun.
having dropped to a low point
Of only 500, 600 in 1915. Between
1888 and 1913 the banks assets
more than doubled, and by 1858,
they had risen to $4.442 600 as
the bank responded to the I'M
precedented demand for per-
sonal needs Of every descrip-
ton. and a continuous upgrad-
ing of the standard of living by
area residents.
In 1858 the bank finally out
grew its quarters and stable
addition was constructed on the
rear of the building. which was
also completely air conditioned.
one of the first buildings in
Crewe to furnish this comfort
for its staff and customers. In
1859 a remodeling of the interior
of the original part of the bank
was accomplished to enlarge
customers traffic areas. and in
crease tellers' windows to ac-
commodate continuously expand-
ing assets, particularly loans,
During the height of railroad
traffic about 1857. there were re
ported to be about 800 railroad
workers in. or operating out of,
Crewe Over $500 cars were
handled in its classifying yards
every "A hours, and steam en-
gines took on over one million
gallons of water every day.
Since that time. a merger of the
Norfolk and Western with the
Vlrginian Railway. the CONVEX
sion OF steam locomotives TO an
an-diesel operation. ard con
tinual program of nechanizing.
automating. and centralizing
railroad operations in m or
terminals. have worked to re-
duce railroad employment in
Crewe. Although this trend is
likely to continue. the inherent
stability of the economy Of the
CreWe trade area is reflected in
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-10-04

Of Crewe are celebrating seven
ty-five years Of progress both
having been founded in the year
1888, seventy-five years ago this
month.
Bessie H. Jones. eighth grade
student in Crewe's first public
school. wrote the following his
torical sketch for the schools
catalog. published in 1897 Just
eleven years ago upon the site
of the now populous town of
Crewe. Virginia. stood fields of
corn and tobacco. interspersed
with sections of oak and pine
forests. Where once stood lone
old homestead. surrounded by
farm land now stands a large
YMCA building in the heart of
a town of more than $500
people" tsite of present Hotel
Crewel.
Prior to 1888 Norfolk and
Western trains, on the long haul
from Roanoke to Norfolk, stop
ped at what was then known as
Robertson Switch" to take on
a supply of wood for their en-
gines. The railroads annual re-
port for 1888 states in concise
terms the reasons leading to the
founding of Crewe Until 1883
the operation by divisions east
and west of Lynchburg was con-
tinued. and as one branch after
another was constructed Into the
coal and ore fields. and the
volume Of traffic increased. the
Western Division became too
large for economical or efficient
operation. To meet the imnedi-
ate needs of our business. and to
provide for its further growth.
the operating portion of our line
was. in 1888, rearranged in four
operating Divisions of nearly
equal mileage. with Crewe, Roa-
noke. Radford and Biuefield as
divisional terminals.
A Major Huger was placed in
charge of construction of shops,
roundhouse. engine turntable.
and classifying yards at Crewe.
He had previously worked on
the London and Midland Rail
way with headquarters in
Crewe. Cheshire. England, and
it is assumed that he suggested
the name for this new terminal.
which is still the only town in
the United States with this
name.
With the movement of many
railroad families to Crewe dur
ing 1888. and ensuing years. the
need for banking facilities be
came acute. During the early
fall state banking charter was
obtained and on October 10,
1883. Bank Of Crewe opened its
doors TO the public for the first
time There was little to start
with but $4,000 of paid-in capt
tai, ard the vision Of a few busi
nessmen. one of whom. Judge
w H Mann, its first president.
later became Governor OF Viz
GINA Other presidents. in order
OF succession were f. F. Lock
EFT, G. ( Wilson. 7. j. Ceilings.
W NJ Grayatt, and F. c. Yer
ser.
Crewe was Incorporated by an
act Of the Virginia General AS
senlhly on March 3. 1893. with
its first government under a
mayor and a nine man council.
One of the first ordinances
passed re lects the leisurely
pace Of the times If any
person whether citizen or not,
shall drive or ride in any of the
streets of the town faster than
eight miles an hour. he shall be
fined. the fee not TO exceed
five dollars for each offense. A"
BY 1898, after ten wears OF op-
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-10-04
THE BANK or CPEWE,
CREWE, VA
- OFFICERS. -

W. H. MANN President. e. r. WILSON, Vice T. e sist.
]. L. AGSEW, Cashier. 4 T. MOORE Asst. Cashier
- DIRECTORS -
WIN. H. MANN q. T.. WILSON
THtbS. Il. OLIVER r.. r. LOCkETT,
n. ", NOTEWORTHY H. H. " CKiTTENDEN
T. S BEVILIE. J. r. AtsNEW.
". j. BCRTON
insacs Genera and Savings !;ank business Interest
raid tc dspsts Accounts received favorable
The above advertisement by Bank Crewe
about 1903.
Evening star., 1963-01-06
Oil Demands
Jump AZ Pei.
TONeW Record
BY MAX B. SHELTON

HOUSTON, Jan. s.. Oilmen
began to take a different view
in 1862 of belt-tightening pro-
cedures prompted by the s.
year-old world oil surplus.
Some of the cost cutting
practices now are being looked
upon as sound conservation
measures which industry lead
ers say will receive increasing
emphasis in the next few years.
AS a result, the fifth slump
in drilling operations in six
years has not caused much
alarm within the industry.
The domestic industry had a
surprisingly good year in many
respects in 1862 but fewer wells
were drilled than in any year
since 1852. Another decline is
expected in 1868.
The industry, meanwhile, set
a number of new records de-
spite problems resulting from
the continuing world surplus.
Demand for petroleum
jumped AZ per cent to a record
1912 million barrels daily. A
more modest gain of from is
to 2 per cent Is forecast for
1868.
Domestic crude production
climbed to a new high of 7,315,-
900 barrels daily, compared d
with 1961's record 10000.
Refiners processed a record
8 100000 barrels of crude daily,
a gain of about 3 per cent.
Crude and products prices
sagged a bit below 1861 levels
but the increased demand led
to some improvement in earn
ings. Profits reported by 20 ma
jor companies for the first nine
months of the year we're more
than 5 per cent above the
same 1861 period.
The sharpest annual jump in
domestic demand since 1855 was
paced by a gain of nearly 4
per cent in gasoline require
ments.
The modest demand gain ex-
pected this year does not take
possible changes in military re-
quirements into consideration.
Idle capacity, however, gives
the industry considerable room
for quick action in a national
emergency.
Idle crude producing capaci-
ty exceeds three million barrels
daily. Excess refining capacity
exceeds two million.