davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-08

forts to enroll Negro James
Meredith in the university last
fall, the committee said the
general elections were only five
weeks away then and would
come up before all Meredith
court litigation could be settled.
"The Department of Justice"
the report said, has attempted
to justify its haste by the fact
that registration of students for
the fall semester was about to
close. However, such time
limit was subject to extension
by order Of the court.
Under these election and
timing) circumstances the At
torney General abandoned the
pending judicial processes, as
sembled more than 500 armed
persons (and illegally obtained)
more than $4,000 troops"
The formal report included
a section which had been re-
leased earlier. This section
charged the marShals with
systematic and repeated bru-
talities against citizens and
students after the rioting had
ended and the Government was
in control.
In statement accompanying
its report, the committee said
the Federal force of marshals
included 123 deputy marshals
and 1856 border patrolmen, and
81 penitentiary guards, specially
deputized; 10000 members of
the federalized Mississippi Ma
tional Guard; and 10000 Fed
eral troops.
The report, the committee
statement said, demonstrates
that the sole reason the rioting
was permitted to continue for
more than eight hours was that
the entire operation was a trag-
edy of Federal laundering, dis
organization and total disre-
gard for human safety and hu-
man life"
Evening star., 1963-05-08
White House Exploring
Powers on Birminqhom

| Democrat Of New York, said he
would ask President Kennedy
and Attorney General Robert
F. Kennedy to move against
Birmingham city officials, po-
lice and other authorities. He
explained that this could be
done under a Federal code
provision relating to "depriva-
ton Of rights under color of
law"
This section which Mr.. Pow
ell said would apply to officials
who have put children in jail
and used police dogs against
peaceful demonstrators" is as
follows:
Whoever, under color of any
law, statute, ordinance, regula-
ton or custom, willfully sub
jects any inhabitant of any
State to the deprivation of any
rights, privileges or immunities
protected by the Constitution or
laws of the United States, or to
different punishments or penal
ties by reason Of his color or
race, shall be fined not more
than $1,000 or imprisoned not
more than one year or both"
White House Conference
The various possibilities in
the Birmingham situation were
explored at a lengthy confer
ence at the White House yes
terday. Political, legal and
other implications were con-
sidered.
Civil rights experts, Justice
Department officials, members
of the White House staff and
a representative of the Demo-
cratic National Committee sat
in. The party man was Louis
E. Martin, deputy chairman of
the Democratic Committee.
The Presidents special coun-
sci and top adviser, Theodore
c. Sorensen, conducted the
seminar.
No solid decisions on a course
of action apparently were
reached = and some Govern
ment officials see little legal
ground for positive Federal
action.
No Federal court order for
desegregation is involved in
Birmingham as was the case
in Oxford, Miss. last year, and
in Little Rock, Ark, during
the Eisenhower administration.
The Government sent Federal
troops into oxford and Little
Rock.
Among those sitting in at the
White House yesterday to look
into all the possibilities were
Deputy Attorney General Mich
olas Katzenbach; John Doar of
the Justice Departments civil
rights division; Berl I. Bern
hard, the staff director of the
Federal Civil Rights Commits
sion. and Lee c. White. assist
ant special counsel to the Pres
ident,
Evening star., 1963-05-08
FISCAL
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
|crime-fighting bills for WASH
ington next Tuesday.
Chairman Bible Of the Sen
ate District Committee has been
urging that the joint hearings
be held on the revenue bills.
Last week, MIR. Mcmillan at
tended a White House confer
ence which repeatedly was
called to emphasize the admin
istration's interest in its reve-
nue. program for the District
and its support for joint hear
ingS.
Today Mr.. Mcmillan first
explained that the tax increase
legislation will not be taken
up at the joint hearing because
action on taxes is supposed to
originate in the House.
Later, he said, the tax in
crease bill might be referred
to a House District Subcom-
mittee for hearings. The chair
man added:
Personally, I think that the
people in the District are paying
all the taxes they should nay. ="
Republican Broyhill of Vir-
ginia, the ranking Republican
member Of the committee
seconded this statement by Mr..
Mcmillan.
The strategy of the COM
mittee, it was explained, is to
hold back on any action on
the taxes in the hopes that
enough revenue will be au-
thorized from other sources to
finance the Districts SPEND
ing needs.
The Commissioners have had
to shelve some $34 million in
spending requests pending con-
gressional enactment of new
revenue sources. such as higher
Fe deral payment, increased
borrowing and tax raises.
But time has run out and the
House Appropriations Subcom-
Evening star., 1963-05-08

staunchly pro-Nasser section of
the city. It was not known
whether the firing was by
demonstrators or by the army
shooting in the air TO disperse
them.
In Damascus. steel-helmeted
police scattered students and
Palestinian refugees shouting
NasSer slogans in the downtown
section OF the capital. Several
schools were closed.
The crowds threw stones al
police and blocked the streets
with barriers made from con-
crete flower pots. The National
Revolutionary Council flew 10
Cairo for emergency consulta-
tions on the crisis.
The demonstrations were the
first open sign OF trouble since
the ruling Ba'ath Socialist
Party split with outright pro-
Nasser groups last week.
The Syrian split raised the
first major threat TO the new
United Arab Republic which
Egypt. Syria and Iraa agreed
last month 10 form. President
Nasser repeatedly has said he
would not unite with a Ba 'ath-
dominated Syria.
The National Revolutionary
Council here was working al
most around the clocS 10 find
some way out OF the dangerous
impasSe, but It's members re-
portedly came 10 no agreement
with the pro-Nasser groups.
The Ba'ath party, which be-
lieves In Arab unity via feder-
alton, has clashed with Presi-
dent Nasser over his concept OF
a single political front within
the state, allowing little room
for the working OF individual
political parties.
Evening star., 1963-05-08
BY the Associated Press

The White House said today
that every avenue of execu'
tive authority Is being explored
with reference to racial diff.
culties in Birmingham, Ala.
Andrew T. Hatcher, assistant
press secretary, said there have
been several meetings of thu
presidential staff and advisers
directed at this exploration
He said the process still is go.
ing on but there were no meet.
ings under way today, to hi.
knowledge.
There was no sign that any
major decisions had beer
reached on a course Of &C.
ton.
Mr.. Kennedy already has
expressed the hope that citi-
zens Of both races in the Ala
bama city will work out a solu-
ton themselves.
Asked About Guard
Mr.. Hatcher was asked
whether any consideration is
being given to federalizing the
Alabama National Guard.
Il just don't know" hi
answered. II can't answer that
question"
A reporter said a Negro lead
er in Birmingham had reported
that a solution Of the tense
racial problem seemed to be
in sight. Mr.. Hatcher said he
couldn't say whether the White
House felt a solution was neal
at that point.
At a late hour last night
Mr.. Hatcher said, Mr.. Ken.
nedy received, second hand, 6
report from Burke Marshall
Assistant Attorney General ir
charge Of the civil rights di.
vision, who is in Birmingham
Mr.. Marshall telephoneC
Attorney General Robert F
Kennedy, who relayed the wore
to the President. Mr.. Hatcher
said he could not say whether
the report was of a hopeful
nature.
Meanwhile, Representative
Andrews, Democrat of Ala
bama, called on the President
and the Attorney General to
use their influence to persuade
professional racial agitators''
to leave Alabama.
In identical kilograms Mr.
Andrews urged them:
please use your influence to
persuade all outside profess
sional racial agitators, such as
Martin Luther King and his
lieutenants, to leave Alabama
They are deliberately agitating
racial disturbances and advo-
eating violence"
DR.. King is one of the Negro
leaders who have been direct
ing the parades of Negroes in
Birmingham during the last
week calling for the end of seq
regation there.
Later Representative Powell
Evening star., 1963-05-08
EISENHOWER
Continred From Page Al

Continred From Page Al
ing, that he is strongly op-
posed to the Goldwater-for-
President boom and is leaning
toward Gov. Romney of Mich
igan as the possible G. o. P.
choice next year.
Sources close to the former
President said he has been
somewhat cool toward the din
ner from the start. The fund
raising affair was originally
described as a testimonial to
Senator Goldwater for his
service as chairman of the Re-
publican Senatorial Campaign
Committee.
Rockefeller Cancelled
When some news accounts
indicated it was designed to
launch the Arizona conserva-
tive into presidential politics
Senator Morton of Kentucky
now head Of the Senate Cam.
paign Committee. redesignateC
the dinner as a Salute to Re,
publican Senators.
Once again in recent days
however, the dinner has been
referred to as a Salute to SEN
ator Goldwater.
Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller of
New York was also listed as a
speaker for the dinner, but he
Cancelled out last Saturday and
is now honeymooning in Vene-
zuela with his new bride
Gov. Romney is still sched-
uled to appear. Gov. William
Scranton Of Pennsylvania, an
other presidential dark horse,
declined the original invitation
because of a speaking engage
ment in Pennsylvania.
Sponsors of the dinner said
today the affair looks like it
will be a bigger-than-expected
financial success. They said
attendance would surpass 400
about twice the size OF the
original estimate.
The first 100000 of the net
proceeds will go to the Senate
Campaign Committee for its
1868 budget and the remainder
will 60 to the Republican Con-
gressional Campaign Commit
tee.
Evening star., 1963-05-08

mittee on the District is pre-
pairing to open its hearings on
the spending items which could
be financed from available
revenue sources,
Evening star., 1963-05-08

jured.
There were these other de-
velopments:
/. President Kennedy and At
torney General Robert F. Ken
nedy kept in close touch with
the situation. The President
said he hoped that the racial
problems could be solved by the
people Of Birmingham.
2. Gov. Wallace, in a speech
before the Alabama Legislature,
threatened murder prosecu-
tons If the Negro demonstra-
tions result in violence and
death. The Governor said he
would take whatever action
necessary to preserve law and
order-perhaps including call
ing out National Guard troops,
although there was no official
word on this.
Robinson to Take Part
8. Former seball star
Jackie Robinson said at New
York that he plans to visit
Birmingham within the next
week or two to take part in
the mass protest.
4. Roy wilkins, executive
secretary of the National As
sociation for Advancement of
Colored People, called on
|NAACP branches throughout
the country to conduct peace
full sympathy picketing" in sup
port of the Birmingham dem
onstrations.
5. Nineteen rabbis planned
to leave for Birmingham to
give what they termed "teSti-
mony in behalf of the human
rights and dignity" of Negroes
in Birmingham. The decision |
was made at a session Of the |
rabbinical assembly in Green
field Park, N. Y
In yesterdays demonstra-
tions, police sought to confine
the marchers to an eight-block
area they sealed off around a
Negro park-the center of most
of the demonstrations so far
in the near downtown area.
Groups of marchers carrying
antiSegregation placards left
the 18th Street Baptist Church
in the center of the area in
orderly fashion.
But many, when halted by
police lines, turned back and
darted through yards
and back alleys leading to the
business section. Police ad-
were taken by sur
prise.
The demonstrators reformed
In front of leading Birming-
ham department stores. For ap-
proximately 30 minutes they
turned the busy noon rush
hour into a complete state of
confusion. The Negroes jammed
the sidewalks. Some knelt to
pray. Others marched along
singing freedom songs.
Police finally scattered the
marchers. Many returned to
the vicinity of the church,
where still other hundreds of
Negroes had gathered.
Told to Go Home
There. fire trucks equipped /
with high-pressure water tur-
rets and fire hoses doused the
Negroes. Gradually they
began to disperse.
The exodus was speeded by
Negro leaders, several using
borrowed police megaphones.
They walked through the mill
Ing crowds urging the Negroes
to stop. Go home" they said.
You are not helping our
In contrast to Monday
when almost 1000 Negroes were
few of
the demonstrators were taken
into custody. Police said be-
tween 40 and so Negroes were
and most were charged
with hurting rocks.
Arrests total more than 2,4OO,
including approximately 1000
juveniles.
Authorities today began re-
leasing the youngsters to the
Of their parents. Nearly
300 had been released by mid
morning. Several hundred
adults also have been released
Evening star., 1963-05-08
Rioting EruPts in Syrio
Over Federation Issue

DAMASCUS, Syria, May
(AP .-Pro-Nasser demonstra-
tions erupted today in Da-
mascus and the northern city
Of Aleppo on the sixth day OF
political crisis.
Gunfire broke out in Aleppo
and the Syrian Army imposed
a curfew. Usually reliable
sources said several persons
had been killed in the dis
orders in the north.
There was no shooting in
Damascus. Truckloads OF riot
police with steel helmets and
whip-like canes broke up the
crowds near Port Said square
Witnesses said many OF the
demonstrators were refugees
from Palestine, probably the
most rabid supporters OF Presi-
dent Canal Abdel Nasser.
Delegation Flew TO Cairo
The trouble broke out shortly
after a delegation from the
National Revolutionary Council
flew 10 Cairo for talks on the
crisis revolving around Syriat
role In the projected new Arat
federation.
The crisis began a week eRc
when the Ba'ath Socialists, who
are cautious about union with
President Nasser under the
federation, squeezed follower,
OF President NasSer out OF the
government.
II has threatened TO stall the
move toward the new Fedora.
ton OF Syria, Iraq and Egypt
blueprinted last month in Cairo
Telephone reports from Alep.
20 said sporadic firing wal
heard for an hour and a hall
In the KallasSah quarter. {
Evening star., 1963-05-08
Mississi Link Riots
With National Politics

JACKSON, Miss, May (AP)
= Legislative investigators to-
day linked the University OF
Mississippi desegregation riots
with Kennedy political ambi-
tions and blamed the violence
on Federal planning errors and
tactical blunders.
The general investigating
committee, in it's formal report
to Gov. Ross Barnett and the
Mississippi Legislature on the
oxford crisis. termed the riots
last September 80 and october
l a tragic chain of events and
errors"
After linking the oxford sit
.uation with national politics,
the committee declared:
That marshals were dis
played" to attract a crowd of
students;
That President Kennedy IL
legally took control of the
Mississippi National Guard, the
only means the Governor had
Of controlling crowds;
Evening star., 1963-05-08
Attacks President

And that the marshals turned
a student demonstration into q
bloody riot by firing into the
faces of the students as State
highway patrolmen were mov-
ing them back.
Evening star., 1963-05-08

II the President had exercised
care in the responsibility he
assumed, the report said, "the
tragic events would not
have occurred"
"One fact that stands out
above all Others" the commit
tee said, "is that so long as the
Governor of the State of Missis-
sippi was permitted to be re-
SponSible for the enforcement
of law and maintenance of
peace, there was no violence or
injury of any kind"
In Washington, a Justice De-
partment statement said the re-
port was characterized by bias,
factual errors and misstate-
ments."
Report Is Disputed
The statement disputed al
most every contention in the
report. 1t differed with the
legislative committees version
of how the rioting began, and
said the presence of the mar
shalS was arranged by Gov.
Barnett and that the Governor
approved their number.
AS to the assertion there were
political motives in the Federal
moves, the statement said:
This does not make much
sense"
The committee, which took
more than 1000 pages of sworn
testimony from 80 witnesses,
said tragedy cost two lives,
many injuries and millions of
dollars damage needleSSly.
In its introduction to events
Stemming from Government ef-
Evening star., 1963-05-08
RACIAL
Fire Hoses Again Used
To Disperse Crowds
Continued From Page A.

OOHtAhuCu EIuhA 0bc a.
They are not acting as guards
men, he emphasized.
Mr.. Lingo said the troopers
were under direct orders OF
Gov. Wallace. They are
equipped with tear gas gre
nades, riot guns, carbines and
submachine guns, he said.
The highway patrolmen be-
gan moving into the city late
yesterday and continued de-
ploying from distant areas Of
the State through the night,
In the face Of this develop
ment. the Rev. DR.. Martin
Luther King, jr., integreation
leader, said: This movement
is getting bigger and bigger
There'll be no stopping until
we move segregation from the
city"
DR.. King, president of the
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference. said more than one
demonstration was planned to-
day.
Speaks at Meeting
DR.. King spoke at a jammed
mass meeting in a Negro
church last night after a tense
day during which thousands of
Negroes infiltrated the down.
town business district and
milled about the streets in the
heart of the city.
Fire hoses again were
brought into play to disperse
the crowds.
Police appeared almost pow
erless at times to cope with the
surging masses, but there were
no serious incidents.
Authorities said at least 10
policemen were injured, none
seriously. Most were struck by
thrown rocks. Hospital attend
ants said one policeman was
admitted for treatment of dis
placed ribs.
There were no confirmed re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

The decision of the Mississippi voters
comes as no surprise. Nevertheless, there
is a certain poignancy in this futile
effort to cling to a dead past while the
realities of the present and the future
keep crowding in.
1t. Gov. Paul B. Johnson, jr., re-
ceived the highest vote ever cast for
candidate in a gubernatorial primary,
and won by comfortable margin over
]. P. Coleman, former governor. Mr..
Johnson campaigned as total Segrega-
zionist and as 100 per cent Kennedy
hater. Although vowing that he would
never do 1t again, Mr.. Coleman could
not live down his support Of Mr.. Ken
nedy in 1860. And there were even dark
suspicious that his basic dedication was
to maintenance of law rather than
segregation.
Thus, the white voters of Mississippi
have made their choice. Assuming Mr..
JohnSon's election, they will spend four
more years struggling against the rising
tide of equal treatment. But in the end
it will be losing effort, and such men
as Mr.. Johnson must know this.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
Venus UnobseNed

The newspaper Junge Welt, which
seems to be a kind of East German YER
sion of The Stars TEEN, has complained
that the nudes in that country's art gal
leries have all but disappeared.
This is sad news for art lovers. 1t
means, among other things, that the
hauntingly lovely Dresden Venus, paint
ed by Giorgione, is no longer to be seen.
And 1t must be admitted that Venus
unobserved simply ceases to be Venus.
The hiding Of the nudes also brings
into focus the general Communist policy
on art. 1t sheds light on the sporadic
denunciations of abstract art The point
of the Communist authorities has not
really been that abstraction ignores the
traditional representational skills Of the
artist, thus breaking link between the
artist and the workers. Nor, we can now
see, was the Communist objection based
on the well-known reluctance of abb
stract artists to use their art for COM
munication.
1t is a question solely Of what is
being communicated. The communica-
tive powers Of the nude in art are we'll
nigh universal; but what the nude COM
municates is intensely private, personal,
individual, never public, communal, po-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
The Lisbon March

Lisbon, too, has had a massive and
impressive march this week. Some ESQ.,
900 Portuguese, including Negroes from
as far away as Angola and Mozambique,
have taken part in it. Their objective?
To show the world that the people of
Portugal stand Solidly behind Premier
Salazar's policy of resisting all efforts to
deprive them Of their overseas provinces.
These efforts are being made with
ever-increasing intensity in and out of
the United Nations, especially by Africa's
newly independent countries. But the
Salazar government has served notice
that it will resort to military force, If
necessary, to hold on to Angola, Mozam-
bique and Guinea, which for many gen.
erations have been regarded by the
Portuguese as integral parts Of their
nation. Tuesdays big show in Lisbon has
served to underscore that fact.
OF course, because Of the authort-
tartan nature of Mr.. Salazar's rule, some
may belittle this demonStration-the
greatest ever staged In support Of him
as synthetic turnout. The reports from
LLSUUI1, uOWCNCA1 AAdhC SACdA VAAdV WAC
white and Negro participants displayed
fervor of a sort that could hardly have
been generated by the pressing Of some
dictatorial button in the Premier's Of
flee. The Portuguese people, after all,
feel deeply about their ties with the
African territories, and there is there
fore every reason to believe in the gen.
uineness of the emotions they displayed
en- maSSe on Tuesday.
Certainly, regardless Of what the
fledgling African states may say or do,
the United States Government-whose
U. N. record on this issue has been none
too admirable reckon carefully
with these emotions. Otherwise Portu-
gal, which has long been one Of our
stout allies, may yet decide to call 1t
quits with us.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
Who's Inferior?

Any of us who are tired Of cringing
at charges that American education is
inferior can note the remarks Of prom
inent British educator-and stand tall
again.
Our debt is to Sir Eric Ashby, fell
low Of the Royal Society and master
of Clare College, Cambridge, who has
Just finished a study of higher educa-
ton on both sides of the Atlantic. His
verdict: The British system is obsoles-
cent, unscientific and useful only to the
privileged few.
The shame of the English, says Sir
Eric, Is that "the door to full-time high
er education is all but closed to 80 out
of every 100 children" The remaining
20 are chosen at early ages on the as
sumption that "our intellectual resources
are limited by genetic factors" In con-
trast, Sir Eric is full Of praise for the
"open door" policy Of the New World.
The degree course In America, as he
sees 1t, SIS an obstacle race open to all
competitors who care to enter"
Perhaps Sir Eric is too kind. If so,
however, we are in too euphoric state
to quarrel 1t is more pleasant to spec
ulate on the value of national self-crit-
icism. Could 1t be that no educational
system is capable Of totally equipping
youth for the challenges and the frus-
trations of modern life2 Possibly so.
We suspect that the real value Of Sir
Eric's remarks, however, is to demon
strate that varying systems Of national
education reflect historical tradition and
social custom. And II 1t follows that
America has long way to go, there is
a good deal of satisfaction to be taken
in the high goals Of universal education
toward which we are striving.