davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tundra times., 1963-09-03
KAKTOVIK VILLAGERS SEEK NEW VILLAGE SITE; ASK FOR AIR FORCE PROPERTY

can be used as access to fresh water lake. It is about 600 yards from the present village site.
 The letter to Sen. Bartlett also stated that Herman s. ReXford, president of the KsRtovih village council, would be contacted by Air Force officials to determine the ex- act land requirements of the new village, with particular emphasis on the availability of suitable ac- cess to the area" ..- -,
 It is said the lagoon, which leads into the Arctic Ocean, will give the Eskimos good access to the new community site.
 Request to move the village was made because of the ever present danger of planes landing and talk ing off from the Air Force field, that must pass directly over the present village site, many times in bad weather.
 Also. the Barter Island DEWline site is located on a rise above the village, and the drainage from the site creates swampy ground in the village during the summer, creat- ing a health hazard.
 A report to this effect was made at the Inupiat Paitot, Eskimo meet ing at Kotzebue last fall. The meet ing recommended that the village be moved.
 The military activity on the is- land has brought mixed blessings to the natives. Many have, realized financial gain from working on the site and related projects.
Tundra times., 1963-09-03

Eskimos of the Barter Island will lage of Kaktovik are seeking re- lease of a portion of the military reserve on that island for a new village site.
 And they have been promised further help from the Air Force in relocating their homes to a. higher spot on the Island away from the danger of a landing field flight pattern, and out of the drainage pattern of a DEW Line site.
 The 2l families of the island, 300 miles east of Pt. Barrow, have been working two years for the reloca- ton.
 Air Force officials, in a letter to Alaskas Sen. E. L. Bartlett, noted that, If it can be determined that the proposed townsite can be sepa- cated from the (military) reserve area and will not interfere with the radar operation, the Air Defense Command will be instructed to pre- oare a Declaration of Excess for he release to the Department of he Interior of the townsite area.
 Applications may then be made 70 the Detachment of the Interior by the Village Council for the ac- 1uisition of this area through eX- isting statutes"
 This action follows an earlier an- 1ouncement that the Air Force would make earth moving equip nent available to the villagers for preparation of new homesites.
 The new village is planned to be located on a sloping hill, near a lagoon, and adjacent to road that
Tundra times., 1963-09-03

and Dr. William R. Wood, president of the University of Alaska, while in Fairbanks.
 The plan was originated with Col. lila Tolstoy, based on his knowledge Of Tibet gained during World War II when he as an intelligence of- ficer crossed the mountains of Ti- bet seeking an overland route for troops as we'll as delivering per- sonal letter from President Frank lin D. Roosevelt to the Dalai Lama, and based on his knowledge of Alaska derived when he helped develop Mckinley National Park.
 The Tolstoy Foundation believes that Alaska would be the best place for resettling the Tibetan refugees who were driven from their home- land principally by the 1859 Chinese invasion. The climate and terrain of Tibet and Alaska are similar.
 However, Alaska is not the only state that is being investigated. The mountain states of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Colorado are being considered.
 Integral in the move and reset ting of the refugees would be rais- ing of a domesticated animal, the yak, whose meat according to the plan would be sold commercially. McCabe said the animal which fared well in adverse climate produced meat of an equal quality with beef.
 McCabe said the Tibetan refugees were destitute now but if Alaskans were favorable in allowing them to resettle here and become self-sup- porting, that they would practical and unique benefits to Alaska.
 In addition, he said Alaskans would be helping the Tibetans to preserve their culture which is be- ing systematically crushed by the Communists,
 McCabe stressed that he would like to have response from Alaskans on the proposal. Comments can be sent to Tundra Times, Box 1287, Fairbanks, for forwarding to the Tolstoy Foundation.
Tundra times., 1963-09-03

In this day and age, what naare startling yet safer way is there to appear unconventional than by up- holding the conventions.-Isaar HD@ Senfeld
Tundra times., 1963-09-03
people.

EDITOR TALKS WITH VILLAGE Rock editor of
 the Tundra Times le talking
 dent of Anaktuyuk Pass village council second from subject of radiation Two baby
 identified Anakuvuk Pass backeted by high east and west The mountain in the background northeast village. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-18
BARGHOORN STATEMENT
Innocent Behavior
Can Raise Suspicion

NEW HAVEN, Conn. NoU IS (APJ.-The teri of state
nIeHt by Prof Frederick c. BdrghOorn during
ference last night recorded By the Yale BroadcasHg
Corp.
Before start reading the statement let say that it's
wonderful to all and particularly wonderful to be back
here I'm very careful for the truly remarkable job incidentally
that colleagues and friends and students both undegrad
ates and graduates have done behalf since they learned
Of my arrest.
I'm also very happy have opportunity many
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-18

mism about the future Of the
Soviet people and about the
possibility Of Improvement over
the long term IN Soviet-Ameri-
can relations.
I would not want my I'M
pleasant experience to interfere
with efforts to improve COM
munications between our two
peoples-that is. between the
Soviet and American peoples. I
am so much in the habit, as a
result Of my recent converse
lions over there. Of using that
sort Of expression, I suppose it
crept in here, sort Of sponta-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-18

the appropriate Soviet authori-
ties.
I was accused of having con-
Quoted intelligence activity
during all Of my trips in Russia
and all during my Embassy
service, and during my six trips
since 1947.
Actually, during my most re-
cent trip, which, of course, I
suppose, is the one that was of
most immediate interest, I was
so careful that I did not even
visit a single Soviet home or
talk more than a few minutes
with a member of the opposite
sex, to mention only two areas
of conduct. Moreover, I have
never even taken a camera into
Russia, and I had none with
me on this recent visit.
Departures Suspect
However, In a country in
which discussions which depart
somewhat from the official
propaganda line can be and
ON tim e s are regarded as
theological intelligence activi-
ty-a category which think
is rather unknown to Ameri-
cans-b e h avior which we
would regard as completely in
nocent can become a source of
police suspicion, and it seems
to actually become a source of
such suspicion on occasion.
1t seems to be difficult as yet
for the Soviet Communists to
understand that there can be
such a thing as objective social
research. I could say a great
deal more about that subject,
but I won't go into it in detail
at the moment.
But I think that one of the
findings of my trip was that it
is even more difficult than
even I had thought to make
any effort to investigate public
opinion or the methods by
which public opinion and polit-
zeal attitudes are formed.
I might say In this connec-
ton that prior to going to the
Soviet Union in early October,
I had written a number of let
tiers to university officials and
to officials Of the Soviet gov
eminent, setting forth quite
openly and frankly the activi-
ties in which I expected to en-
gage. so that they had every
opportunity to know what
wanted to do. And If they had
felt that these were matters
which were inappropriate, they
could have simply not issued q
visa.
One Of the many puzzling fea-
lures of my situation was that
they, of course, have a very full
knowledge Of all of my activi-
ties over a period of many
years, and have never raised
any objection to them in the
past, although I should say
that they have not always been
e entirely enthusiastic about
some of my books.
I should say in conclusion
that during most Of the six
weeks that I spent In the
USSR, I was well treated, and
that I have not lost my opti-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-18

neously. However, I know from
personal experience how very,
very difficult all Of this still Is
and viii be for q long time to
come.
At the moment, having Just
left Russia under guard i do
not expect to return In the
foreseeable future. I should be
glad now. having completed
this brief explanatory state
ment. to answer q few ques-
tons for a few minutes. But, as
I said before, I'm really quite
tired, and I don't think this
should go on too long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-18

representatives OF the free
American press, and so many
Of my personal friends of the
press.
I've prepared some remarks
incidentally, I've been pre-
pairing these remarks all day.
! started this morning, and !
was working on them on the
plane, and I reWrote them just
this afternoon. I've prepared
some remarks which I hope
will convey to you my under
standing Of the situation from
which I have recently emerged.
Let me emphasize that I am
very happy that the situation
was settled as it was between
the United States and the
Soviet governments. / am glad
to have the opportunity to get
back to academic pursuits after
the rather unusual experience
I have had during the past few
weeks. Also, I must say as a
result Of this experience I'm
rather tired, and I'm not at
the top of my intellectual form,
I don't think.
There are many inexplicable
and mysterious aspects of this
episode. I shall probably never
know why the Soviet govern
ment decided to take an action
which by non-Soviet standards
was so strange and indeed
bizarre.
There are certain m a tiers
involved in this episode and In
my recent experience that
will not be in a position to dis
cuSs, either in this statement
or in questions, until I have
had an opportunity to acquaint
myself fully with the views anc
information Of the appropriate
officials in Washington.
And, in connection with that
I would like to say also that
am now so close to this, having
almost just stepped out Of g
jail cell, that it's rather diff.
cult to see it in perspective
And it's also true that I'm moi
as informed probably on many
aspects and many implication:
Of this situation as you are
and certainly not as well in.
formed as the appropriate off.
Gals of the United States Gov.
eminent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-18
Appreciates Aid

I've put in all these various
caveats because it is essential
that certain matters be re-
served for the future, so to
speak.
I want, of course and above
all, to emphasize my deep graft
tude to President Kennedy for
his concern about my personal
situation and personal welfare,
and for his vigorous interven-
ton in the m after. This I
would like to emphasize very
heavily.
I also appreciate very deeply
the interest taken in this mat
ter by President Brewster of
Yale and by all of my COL
leagues and friends and stu
dents. both undergraduate and
graduate, at Yale, and by the
academic community generally.
I am also very grateful to
numerous officials of the State
Department, not only for the
great efforts that they exert
ed-and this applies to Am
baSSador Kohler, of course, for
all he did in Moscow, and it
also applies to the people in the
embassy IN London, who were
most kind and extended me ev-
cry help and hospitality. These
are-I hope that I have not left
anybody out.
I appreciate also the efforts
and accuracy of the press. I
have had a chance today to
catch up a little bit on the
newS-an opportunity that I
did not have for some II days,
during which time I was able
to read only a few issues of
Pravda. Fortunately, I read
Russian, so that I was not
completely cut off from infor-
nation. But it was not very
the fullest information. So that
I don't want to neglect any of
the obligations which I owe to
the various individuals and
groups who have taken an in
tereSt in my situation.
1t seems to me that the reac-
ton indicates the way in which
Americans react against viola
tons of personal freedom and
human rights. And this, of
course, Is a source of great per-
sonal qualification, and it is
also, I think, of great impor-
lance in facilitating my re-
lease; although, with respect to
that, one is, of course, in an
area Of speculation. What ]
said about the difficulty Of ever
knowing why it happened also
applies to all matters of analy-
sis as to why it happened.
But certainly, particularly
President Kennedy's interven-
ton was of enormous impor-
lance.
Arrest, investigation and in
dictment on charges of espion'
age are deeply disturbing ex'
periences. This would be true
everywhere-or anyw ere.
think it is particularly true
when one is dealing with a So
ciety in which law is the in
strument of the state rather
than the protection for the in.
dividual. The system of incom.
municado detention and othel
we'll known features of Soviet
justice must be experienced tC
be fully appreciated. My exper'
fence with them was fortunate
ly brief.
Also, we have to realize tina
under Soviet law, one can b
accused of conducting intelli
gence activity merely by walk
ing down the street-eSpeciall!
Is one has hostile intentions
against the Soviet state: hos
tile that iS in the opinion O
Evening star., 1963-05-06
SOVIET MILITARY STRATEGY
Ground roops Stressed

paratroop landings will be ex-
tensively employed during OPP
erations. Paratroop landings
may be assigned the task of
making rapid use of the effect
OF massive nuclear strikes, cap
turing regions where nuclear
weapons are based, important
targets. river crossings, built-up
areas, mountain passes and de-
files, and destroying strategic
targets that cannot be put out
Of commission by other means.
Helicopters may be used pri-
marily for carrying out tactical
paratroop landings.
AS far as operational land
ings are concerned, transport
aircraft can be employed. In
order to make large paratroop
landings in great depth, 1t is
necessary to neutralize the
enemy tactical weapons by
electronic countermeasures and
by air and missile strikes.
A very complex problem OF
modern warfare is the traversal
Of highly radioactive zones,
The potential enemy is prepar-
ing to create such barriers by
surface nuclear explosions in
areas where troops are on
the offensive. Radioactive con-
tamination from ones own nu-
clear strikes is also inevitable
Danger Of RadiOactivity
The troops should bypass
highly radioactive zones. If 1t
is not possible to bypass these
zones. they must be crossed in
Evening star., 1963-05-06

| tanks and closed vehicles witt
the necessary shielding. or BY
helicopters and airplane. It Il
possible that particular regions
can only be crossed by troops
after the level Of radiation has
declined, and then with the
observance of antinuclear and
antichemical protective meas
ureS.
The troops will inevitably
suffer losses from enemy nu-
clear strikes during an opera
ton. 1t is possible that entire
subdivisions, units, and even
formations will be put out of
commission. However, this
should not affect the speed at
which operations develop.
The high combat potential Of
our armed forces, their weap-
ons and military equipment,
especially missiles and tanks,
and the mobility Of tank and
motorized infantry units are all
a reliable basis for the success
full execution Of offensives with
decisive aims in a future war.
North American Newspaper Alliance)
Evening star., 1963-05-06
BY MARSHAL v. d. ,
SOKOLOVSKY

(copyright, 1868, By the Rand corp.)
Military operations in ground
theaters will be of broad scope
in a future war in spite of
the use Of long-range nuclear
weapons.
The final defeat Of enemy
troops, the capture of his ter
ritory, and the establishment
Of the appropriate order and
the peaceful regulation Of all
postwar questions can only be
achieved as a result Of ground
troop operations.
The imperialist bloc is pre-
pairing vast ground forces, tao
tical air forces and tactical
missiles to achieve its aggres-
sive aims in military theaters.
These forces can be deployed
In offensive formations along
the boundaries Of the Socialist
countries to a depth of 1000
kilometers 5000 niles; conse-
quently they must be destroyed
in case Of war.
In q future world war, the
basic weapons in ground thea
ters will be nuclear weapons,
used primarily with operational
and tactical missiles and 'front.'
line air forces (bombers, fight
er bombers and fighters.
NucIear Fire Power Decisive
In addition, strategic missile
forces and the long-range air
force (LRAF) will deal nuclear
blows to important targets in
the zone Of the advancing
fronts. Airborne operations will
be extensively used.
AS formerly, tank units and
formations will be extensively
employed on the battlefield.
Motorized infantry also has not
lost its combat value, although
it viii no longer be the Queen
of Battle.
Nuclear fire-power will have
the decisive role on the battle
field. The other weapons will
exploit the results Of nuclear
strikes to defeat the enemy
conclusively.
The primary targets Of
armed combat in military thea
ters will be enemy nuclear
weapons. Unless these nuclear
weapons are destroyed or neu-
tralized, one cannot expect,
nowadays, to conduct any mill
tary operations successfully,
offensive Of defensive, in mill
tary theaters.
At the same time, the de-
struction Of the enemy's tank,
airborne, and motorized divi-
sions also remains an impor-
tant task.
No More Fronts
A characteristic feature Of
military operations in future
ground theaters will be the
absence Of linear deployment
in continuous fronts. Military
operations will develop stimuli
taneouSly over large areas
along the front, and in depth.
To a certain extent, they will
be characterized by isolated
engagements.
Another important feature
Of armed combat In military
theaters will be the great mo-
bility Of the military operations
and the extensive use Of vehi-
cles, helicopters, and aircraft
for troop maneuvers. Maneuver
Of fire and nuclear blows will
also be Of fundamental i'm
portance.
Finally, armed combat In the
military theaters will be ex-
tremely violent and will involve
mass destruction Of troops,
tremendous damage, and the
Evening star., 1963-05-06

formation Of large zones with
a high level Of radioactive con-
tamination.
Piecemeal AnnihilatiOn
In a future world war, par
ticularly at the start, the belli-
gerents will attempt to achieve
their aims in ground theaters
primarily by offensives.
Offensives will be purpose
fully executed in sevaral direc-
tions in order to split opposing
enemy formations and ami
hilate them piecemeal.
The main forces of the at
tacking troops, however, should
be concentrated in principal
and decisive areas. The zone Of
maximum effort will now be
determined by the areas where
the main nuclear strikes have
been delivered, and also by the
directions Of advance Of the
main forces.
The zones Of attack Of units
and formations are being ex-
panded. For example, the
American leaders consider an
infantry division capable Of at
tacking along a 10 to 20 kilo-
meter (6 to IL mile) sector, and
most effectively along a l2-
kilometer sector; they consider
a field army capable Of attack
ing along a 100 to 100 kilometer
(60 to So mile) sector.
The offensives will be con-
Quoted In various directions
with wide gaps between them.
Enemy formations will be de-
stroyed by nuclear strikes de-
livered by missile forces and air
forces. The battlefields will be
relatively empty. Troops will be
widely dispersed and will have
opportunities for extensive
maneuver.
Continuous Battle
The offensive operations of a
future war will be executed
very rapidly. In their exercises
and maneuvers, the NATO
troops have developed an Of
fensive at the rate Of so to 70
kilometers (36 to AZ miles, per
day.
Our tank and motorized units
must achieve higher rates Of
advance. In order to do this, it
will be necessary to carry out a
continuous battle with the en-
emy's nuclear weapons and de-
liver nuclear strikes on his
centerS Of resistance (until the
attacking troops reach the en-
emy) and on his counterattack-
ing formations. The advancing
troops must be continually sup
ported by aircraft. technical
and chemical weapons, etc.
The offensive should be car
ried out primarily by tanks,
armored troop carriers and he'll
icopters. Attack on foot will
seldom be employed.
ParatrOop Landings
When it is impossible to by
pass enemy centers Of resist
ance, they will be subjected to
'nuclear strikes or perhaps to
concentrated rocket and artil-
lery fire. or tank fire from def
laded positions.
Tactical and operational
Evening star., 1963-05-06

This Is the second Of three articles
condensed from q Rund Corps
trunslotion Of Soviet Military
Strutesy." q Soviet munuuI on Com
munist war plans written under the
editorship Of Marshal Sokolovsky,
former Red Chief Of Staff. II Is
being published by Prentice -HoIl.
Evening star., 1963-05-06

formation Of large zones with
a high level Of radioactive con-
tamination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-21

by showing the contradictions In
the battle for them.
A Woodward reader is left to
conclude for himself that the
constitutional promise Of civil
rights was and is as good as its
component parts: The South, the
North and both Negroes and
whites-in other words the Ma
ton.
For Prof. Woodward, the Ma
ton has spent the 100 years since
the Emancipation Proclamation
in Catching up" to the commit
ments Of 1853, when the Amer
lean people were simply pledged
to measures beyond their moral
resources at that time. Elaborat-
ing in recent interview in New
Haven, he said:
Freedom for the Negro was
merely q change in the law 1t
abolished property in man. But
the legislation Of the Civil War
was based on the ideal of equal
ity, a much deeper matter.
This commitment to equality
required revolution in the North
as we'll as the South. Equality was
a far more revolutionary idea than
freedom. Equality demanded a
change in social status. It was one
thing to impose this ideal on the
defeated South aRd quite another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-21
Bar Association Stirs Debate
On States Rights Amendments

posal would create q super-court
Of the chief justices Of the so
States. Under this plan, q ma
jority Of the panel could reverse
Supreme Court rulings.
The proposed Constitution
amending procedure would allow
States to change the Constitution
without obtaining the approval Of
Congress or Of a constitutional
convention, as the present process
provides.
Prof. Black calls the three pro-
poSalS radical in the extreme"
He says they aim not at preserva-
ton Of Federal-State balances but
at "subversion" Of that balance.
The proposed amendments, he
argues, negate the idea that we
are q unified Nation" and con-
stitute zone more attempt, so late
In the day, at converting the
United States into o confedera-
ton. :" He adds:
1.-THE amendment proposal -.
would subvert the deepest princi-
pal of our political life that
we are a whole Nation, and that
the resolution Of national ques-
tons calls for debate and action
in a national forum"