davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Cuba Held Major Threat to u. S.

ton by reliable observers. ...
"The Importance of max
ing every effort to ascertain
the truth with respect to this
matter cannot be overempha-
sized. The criticality Of it
can best be Illustrated by
the fact that the testimony
established that, upon the
assumption that all missiles
and associated equipment
and the necessary personnel
were readily available near
pre-selected sites in a state
of complete readiness, mobile
medium range missiles could
be made operational in a
matter Of hours. Thus, If
these missiles and their asso-
ciated equipment remain in
Cuba, the danger Is clear and
obvious.
Assuming without decid-
ing that all strategic weapons
have been withdrawn. there
is the ever-present possibil-
ity of the stealthy reintro-
duction of strategic missiles
and other offensive weapons,
using the Soviet forces still
in Cuba as camouflage and
security for the activity.
Potentially, Cuba is a base
from which the Soviets could
interdict our vital air and
sea lanes. 1t can now be used
for the air, sea, and elec-
tronic surveillance Of our
military activities in the
southeast United States and
the Caribbean.
"Cuba's airfields could
serve as recovery air bases
for planes launched against
the United States from the
Soviet Union"
This means that the range
Of certain Soviet military
planes has been increased
substantially. They need fly
only one way in a surprise at
tack, drop bombs on the
United States and land in
Cuba.
Yet in the last few weeks
nothing has been done to in
sist upon on-site inspection
in Cuba by the United Ma
tions or by any other agency.
The Kennedy administration
has retreated on this point,
and only an informed public
opinion in the United States
and throughout the world can
bring about an advance-to
verify what has actually hap
pened.
(copyright, 1868, By New York
Herald Tribune, Inc)
Evening star., 1963-05-20

tai Airlines to hire a Negro
pilot. Hooray! There isn't any
reason why a. Negro shouldn't
fly a transport plane. But II
he shows up at operations
disheveled and hung over
he'll betray his people.
Many Americans now con-
cede that 1t is an outrage to
keep a good pilot on the
ground because his skin is
black. But no one will want
to fly with a bad pilot who
is in the cockpit by court or
der merely because his skin
is black.
It's as simple as that. Sec
ond-clasS citizens will never
become first-class citizens by
behaving like third-class citi-
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Endless Setbocks Seen for Negroes
If RESPONSIBILITIES Are Closed Over

has been kicked around. He
needs better schools and WI
der job opportunities. But he
also needs a greater sense Of
responsibility. Washington
news stories are drearily re-
petitive about young muggers
and purse-snatchers who are
released to the custody of
their parents" What kind of
parents?
People don't walk In the
Washington parks after dark
anymore. These are parks
that belong to the whole Ma
tion. When the sun goes
down, upper Central Park in
New York City is deserted
and the policemen patrol in
pairs. Sure. there's plenty Of
white juvenile delinquency.
But the comparative crime
rates make chilling reading
even though the NAACP has
made every effort to have ra-
cial designations suppressed
on the police records.
There is too much sly hy-
pocrisy in the effort to as
sure Negroes that, however
they behave, they are merely
innocent victims of white
bigotry.
Under our outmoded elec-
toral college system, Negro
votes in the large States are
rich prizes. You can help
gather these prizes by thun-
dering oratory against the
little Alabama town where
integration would result in
Negro majorities in all the
schools. Yet there isn't q sin
gle politician in Washington
of either party who has
school-age children who
couldn't, If he wished, send
them to schools where Negro
children are in the majority.
How many do2
The Southern whites have
plenty to answer for. One OF
their great errors was the
acceptance of a racial double
standard of behavior. South
ern courts were notoriously
lenient with Negroes who
Evening star., 1963-05-20
DAVID LAWRENCE
Senate Groups Report Explores
Danger of Red Attack From Island

The greatest danger to the
security of the United States
today is in Cuba. There is
enough Soviet military
strength remaining on the
island to launch an attack
on this country.
Yet the American people
are being led to believe that
Soviet military strength in
Cuba is negligible and that
an attack is as unthinkable
as the missile build-up last
year was supposed to be.
This was the reasoning
used by Government agencies
here in the autumn of 1862
to minimize the meaning of
the Soviet troop movement
and Of the preliminary steps
for the setting up of missile
bases.
The most important Off
cial document on the Cuban
situation has received only
passing attention in the last
IL days from the American
people. No announcement
has been made of what the
Kennedy administration in
tends to do about the facts
that have just been disclosed.
There are no signs that the
Soviet government is being
prodded to get its troops,
technicians and military
equipment out of Cuba, or
that any demand is being
made to permit on-the-spot
inspection in order to find
out whether any missiles are
still concealed inside the
island.
The latest word to the
American people about the
gravity Of the Cuban situa-
ton comes not from Republi-
can critics trying to make a
political issue but from a
subcommittee of the Com
mittee on Armed Services of
the United States Senate
headed by a Democratic
chairman, Senator John
Stennis, of Mississippi. All
seven members-four Demo-
Gratis and three Republicans
signed the unanimous re-
port. 1t tells the unvarnished
truth about what has hap
pened and points out a les
son for the future. Here are
some extracts from the re-
port, dated May 9, which was
written after hearing for
Evening star., 1963-05-20
JENKIN LLOYD JONES
Double Standards Cut Two Wuys

stole from Negroes or killed
Negroes. 1t was only when
Negroes transgressed against
whites that retribution was
swift and often brutal.
But the Northern SEN
timentalists have set up a
double standard in reverse.
The little candy store owner
who is beaten to death by
colored thugs draws only
mild tongue clucking and
perhaps an editorial, Where
Have We Failed?" Yet the
riotous white kid on the OF
Miss campus who throws
eggs at James H. Meredith
is photographed for a four
column spread on Page One
and treated as a national
menace.
Race relations are not 60
ing to improve in America
until we climb off these dou-
BILE standards. Crime is crime.
Whites and Negroes, alike,
have a right to be protected.
And they have equal obliga-
tionS In crime prevention.
In this respect, American
Negroes who count themselves
among the leaders of their
race have been doing a ter
rible job. They have been
long on self-pity and short
on f-criticism. 1t has been
more fun to organize march,
es into Dixie than to level
with their people about the
end result Of the attacks on
police in Harlem.
This failure Of leadership
has been immensely damag-
ing to Negro aspirations. The
shenanigans of Adam Clay
ton Powell have hurt Negroes
at least as badly as the stub
bornness of Gov. Ross Bar
nett. 1t is ironic that the
only strong voice calling for
better Negro behavior comes
from the Black Muslims, who
are as racist as the White
Citizens Councilites, but are
in favor OF black supremacy.
Better opportunities may be
presented to Negroes by court
action. but they can be re-
tained and expanded only by
demonstrating reliability. A
court has ordered Continen-
Evening star., 1963-05-20
u. N. Faces Critical Task of Persuoding
Nations in Arrears to Pay Assessments

a design of noncompliance
is another matter.
In theory 1t is quite con-
ceivable that Russia some
months from. now could fall
under this ban and lose its
seat in the General Assem-
bly,, though not in the Sc
curity Council. In reality this
possibility is remote. Russia
can always pay enough Of its
assessment under the regu-
lar budget to escape this
penalty. Even If one thinks
the Communist countries
should be driven out Of the
General Assembly - an ex-
tremely doubtful proposition
= 1t is hard to see how one
can punish Russia without
also moving in some way
against France. To turn the
financial crisis Of the United
Nations into an opportunity
for reprisals against unpopu-
lar nations or governments
is really a self defeating ex-
ercise.
AS a result of these de-
faults, the United States has
paid an additional SIT mil
lion a year for its share Of
the effort in the Congo. The
total annual American con-
tribution was $57 million.
1t would be a barren en-
terprise at this hour to re-
hearse the rights and wrongs
Of the Congo muddle. Presi-
dent Eisenhower first saw
the necessity of preventing
the Congo from tumbling in
to anarchy or becoming a
sinister Communist base in
Africa. The same scale of
values produced President
Kennedy's initiative. Even
those who are critical of var
ious policies in the Congo
will probably agree that in
tervention by the United Ma
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Sharing Responsibility for Peace

tions was preferable to an
American military entangle-
ment in Africa.
The World Court has ruled
that all members must pay
for the Middle East and Con-
go operations, regardless Of
their opinion about these pol
icies. Later the General AS
sembly Endorsed this princi-
pie. which now has become
the operating rule Of the
United Nations.
How else can we ever hope
to have an effective world
community? The United Ma
tions cannot proceed against
a delinquent member the
way the American Govern
ment can penalize a delin-
quent taxpayer, but the prin-
ciple Of shared responsibility
for peace must be held in
violate even though 1t cam
not now be fully applied.
At the very least the
shame of default must rest
on France and Russia and
the other nations until they
meet their obligations. Mean
while, 1t is a shocking expo
sure of our perverse values
to find the United Nations
anxiously debating its finan-
cial future over sums that
would be casual items in
the defense budgets of many
governments.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

JFK in Dixie speeches. pleads for racial tolerance After
ALL if men and live together without shooting
each other anybody
You cheer all you want Cooper, Glenn Schirra
and the res but the busiest asonaut that fellow Roger
The New Frontier is turning many press releases
this country in danger of becoming vast wasebasket
E. William Henry, boss of the Federal Communica-
tons Commission only a. Dangerous experiment entst
ing the airwaves to fellow who hardly remember the
days when Western a sandwich.
Airline passengers can sympathize with Astronaut Cor
don Cooper An hour and half to circle the gobeand two
hours at the terminal trying to find his luggage.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

Among the worst enemies
of American Negroes today
are many who proclaim them
selves as the Negroes best
friends.
These are the people who
gloss over, alibi. explain away
or attempt to cover up a ris-
ing tide of Negro misbehavior
in Americas big cities. They
represent the "It's-all-the-
white-man's fault" school.
Down this road lie endless
disappointments and setbacks
for Americas Negro citizens.
The inevitable reaction will
be particularly rough on
those young colored kids who
are really trying to better
themselves.
A once submerged race
doesn't rise on a record Of
responsibility. UnpuniShed
crime is not the way to OBJ
tain social acceptance. Illegit-
imacy. family abandonment
and relief loafing by prefer
ence are pretty sure methods
Of drying up good will. No
amount of fair employment
legislation will overcome the
disastrous results of a record
of bad citizenship.
Yet these are the net re-
suit of a peculiar social phil
osophy that has attempted to
tell Negroes that they are not
responsible for their actions.
Following a riot at the
Washington baseball park
last month in which a group
of young Negro toughs at
tackled white fans for no rea-
son, Mrs. Agnes Meyer
aScribed the outbreak to
Illustration.
THE Negro is sick and tired
of being kicked around 80
years after passage of the
l4th Amendment, which
promised him equality" said
Mrs. Meyer She called for a
new outpouring of Federal
money to meet the social,
educational and economic
problems" Of Negroes in the
District Of Columbia.
Well, the Negro certainly
Evening star., 1963-05-20

many weeks secret testimony
given by the intelligence
agencies Of the Government,
civilian and military:
while a reasonably COM
petent job was done in ac-
quiring and collecting intelli-
gence information and data,
in retrospect 1t appears that
several substantial errors
were made by the intelligence
agencies In the evaluation Of
the information and data
which was accumulated.
Even though the intelli-
gence community believes
that all strategic missiles)
have been withdrawn, it is
of the greatest urgency to
determine whether or not
strategic missiles are now
concealed in Cuba. The
criticality of this is illus
trated by the fact that, as
suming maximum readiness
at pre-selected sites, with all
equipment pre-located, the
Soviet mobile medium range
Il, 100 miles-missiles could
be made operational in q
matter of hours.
Some other sources -
primarily refugee and exile
groups - estimate that as
many as 10000 Soviets are
now in Cuba. Bearing in
mind the lack of hard evi-
dence on the question and
the substantial under-esti-
nation of last fall, we con-
clude that no one in official
United States circles can tell
with any real degree Of con-
fidence, how many Russians
are now in Cuba and we are
of the opinion that the Off
cial 1880 estimate is per-
haps a minimum figure.
"The evidence is over
whelming that Castro is sup
porting, squirting, aiding and
abetting Communist revolu-.
tionary and subversive move
ments throughout the West
ern hemisphere and that
such activities present a
grave and ominous threat to
the peace and security Of the
Americas.
ut is agreed that iron clad
assurance Of the complete
absence of Soviet strategic
missiles in Cuba can come
only as a result Of thorough,
penetrating on-site inspec-
Evening star., 1963-05-20
MAX FREEDMAN

Secretary General U Thant
has described the budget def
icit now facing the United
Nations as the most critical
problem before the world or
ganization. In financial terms
that certainly is true. The
problem becomes even more
urgent when one considers
the deficit In relation to the
philosophy of the United
Nations.
The facts in the case are
not in dispute. At the end of
1862 the difference between
available cash resources and
current liabilities totaled
roughly $74 million. BY the
end Of March this deficit had
risen to nearly $94 million.
The problem would be far
worse If the United Nations
had been unable to turn for
help to the sale of its bonds.
At present the sale is $50
million short of the author
lied limit of 5000 million.
The secretary general wants
the bond purchase period ex-
tended to the end Of this
year.
The strain on the resources
Of the United Nations arose
to a minor extent from the
cost of keeping the peace in
the Middle East but primar-
lily from the burden in the
Congo. The secretary general
predicts that the cost of the
Congo operation in the last
part of 1868 will be $5.5 mil
lion a month, roughly half
the present figure. He hopes
that by January all military
forces of the United Nations
can leave the Congo.
The total debt created by
the Congo and the Middle
East operations amounts to
$ll0 million, with France
and Russia being the two ma
tions most in default. Russia
is $65 million in debt and
France, which objected to the
policy in the Congo, owes $22
million. Most of the remain
ing debt must be placed
against the Arab states and
the Soviet satellites.
Under the rules Of the
United Nations a member can
lose its vote in the General
Assembly If it falls into ar
rears for two full years on
its total assessment. which
includes the regular budget
charges as we'll as the special
costs of the intervention in
the Congo and the Middle
East. This provision has been
applied in a generous and
tolerant spirit, for no one
wants to drive a nation out
of the General Assembly be-
cause Of its poverty. But de-
liberate default amounting to
Evening star., 1963-05-20

Zens. American Negroes need
more friends who are honest
with them. and more leaders
who are ready to go to war
against all double standards
- even those that have been
comfortable.
Copyright, 1859
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Gen. Wood to Speak

Gen. Robert j. Wood, di-
rector of military assistance in
the office of the Assistant Sec
retary of Defense, will address
the senior class at the l89th
commencement exercises May
26 at Charlotte Hall Md Mill
tary Academy.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
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Holmes County herald., 1963-04-04

Lift the cocacola bottle caps with the shield top and Discover
America Under every shiny cap with shield you'll find famous
American landmark You'll want to collect all o2 American caps
rh.,. fin - look for fun to save fun with
friends What an exciting way learn about your coun JUST save
the CAP. with the shield top Look for them wherever coaoa
sold You can Discover with Spe bottle caps tool they're
marked Just way cocaco with the little shield '0P9
And Here's Exciting Save EN- Swap En- Collection susses0n
Keen this page and paste your right on H. Een
,e YOU Get cap place the proper number Soon you"
have 81 io2 famous American landmarks.
Holmes County herald., 1963-04-04

And when you have all lo2 America from Coke and
Tor hand drawn outlines Of special America illustrations
eerng) your collections on Cap Plaque avaao
your favore dealers Tor them in numerical order on
Of pape Then bring them in for your gift OF one bottle
of REGULAR CocaCoIa and one bottle Of Sprite at:
Jackson Coca Cola Bottng Company n me lexington area
Highway so West Lexington Coca Cola Bottlng C
Jackson Mississippi LeAnso' rr
NOTE Jackson Plant closed Thursday and Sunday It you live
side Of Jackson trade territory your Cocaoa Route saes
This offer expires June 80, 1868.
Jackson cocaCnld bQllnQ Co
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
MARYLAND


Bob Bonnins Plymouth, Inc.
S77o BoIdmors Ave-. fayetteville, Nd.
Sellers SoIes 9 Services, Inc.
611s BOIdmop Ave-, Rivsrdsls. Nd.
Maryland Motors. Inc.
az {. Montgomery Ave. Rockville. Nd.
l. ?. steuOrt Silver Spring, Inc.
llE EOst-wut Hwy, Silver Spring. M.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

CONTINUED on Next Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

MODIFIED STOCK CAR 1897 Ford,
spected. Fun foat hubs. Si,2Oo. CAN
bet. SO. 762-ll5s.
OLDs '57, 49,, 2-dr.. hdtp., me-
ehanic's special, needs some work,
price S275 or best offer. 702-0433,
OLDS go "F-es" de luxe sedan, me
tallie i.w.a ,ggwer steerinG' luxury
Open weekdays It'll 8 PM.
Capitol Cadillac Olds Co.
l26Q 22nd ST. NV. FE. 1850
OLDs ~ zee" Holiday sedan coupe,
Dresden blue matching interior, fully
equipped, excellent cond., Sl,9es.
Open Weekdays Til 8 PM.
Capitol Cadillac OldS Co.
1850 22nd ST. NV. FE. I.26ol
OLDS 80 "sss convertible, auto
trans, r, and Ia p.s., .p.b; New top
STEUART SILVER SPkfNG. INC.
ll3o EAST-WEST HWY, ~. 7-loSs
! JU. s-l43A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

MERCUTY al eony.. =. and h., ~ow-
. ss steeEins' N.Y. Wy; tires all black with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
WASHINGTON

Anceostio chysIsr-PIym., Inc.
l7os Good Hope I'd. Sc. WoshinStOn
RiekoFd g Dovis
1886 Blcdsnsburs I'd. NE. Washington
RoyuI Motors, Inc.
400 Georgia Ave. NV. woshinstOn
/. P. Steuort Northwest, Inc.
ASoo Wi'eOasin Ave. NV. woshinsiOn
l. P. Steuort Northeast, Inc.
,4th and Bsnnins I'd. NE. WsshinstOn
l. p. SteuoFt, Inc.
Il4o ~" st. NV. Wsshins,os
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

OLDS 'se l-dr., tan, engine, transmits.
sion and brakes recently 0verhauled,
air c0nd., power steering and
brakes, upholstery like new $3.50.
OLDS '6i "F.es" De luxe sedan, hy-
dramatic. radio, heater, many other
smart. si.sSs. '
Lindsay OldS-C Cadillac
..E,AIRLNGTON SHOPPING CTR, 4"
OV. 3-0350 ALEXANDRIA
OLDS 80, brand new. S5,z05. BHYSEK
OLDS. Sll. Spg., 5e7-l7oo.
OLDs. go 2-dr. sedan, needs paint
and 4-barrel carb. SOS or best offer.
il. 4-o3Z5.
OLDS 1857 "ss'' l-dT. sed., r and h
white, brand-new tires and trans.
New muffler, generator, etc. EN-.
0LDS 80 20" l-dr., hdtp., full power
incl; air cond., very nice cond. /.
Ss3So or ofefr. VIII consider trade.
A-NN0Qa
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
| AuTOMOsILEs FoR SALE AuroMORILEs FoR SALE

1LDsMOBILE ~ Super ''ss' A-dr.
sedan 80" auto, r. and h., p.s., W.
W. tires. tan and white finish with
matching interior, exceptionally
clean, runs and drives like new, SOW
only $l,2ep. KIRK MOTOR CO.. Our
2lst Year. 1000 Ga. ave. NV. IA.
0LDS 80 Starfire cow, :. and h.,
power steering power brakes, air
condy this car Is like brand new.
AIS MOTORS
Valiant. Plymouth Chrysler-ImperiaI
1910 WILSON BLVD, ARL., VA,
IA. 2.ll02
OLDS 80 ''Se' convertible, full pow.
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oLDs 1857 ''sS" l-dr. hdtp., power,
Armstrong Neale
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
Z AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

MERCURY 80 Monterey hardt0p,
white with red leather bucket seats,
console shift, full power. $2,3ss.
Open Weekdays Til 8 PM.
Capitol Cadillac OldS Co.
1880 22nd St. NV. FE. 1900
MERCURY 80 2.dr. sedan. r. and h.,
t0p-nOlch condition, owner, like
at sl,sz5.
Herb Gordon
Vas Newest Dodge Dealer
East Lee Hwy. Rites. 50 and al
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MERCURY 80 Montclair 2-dr. hard.
TOP, T. and n, autos power steering
LEE D. BUTLER
IlI7I 2Ist st, NV. FE. 7-374l
OLDs ~ l-door. $3.50, HERSON'S,
eth and o SITS. NV, DE. 2-41oo.
0LDS 80 "ss'' l-door. S67s. HER.
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

MERCURY 81 Monterey custom
haritOp cOupe, very low mileage,
conservative desert frost with match.
ing interior. Styling, performance
comfort are all yours IN this fully
equipped beauty at $2.09s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

Continued on Next Pase)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

Valiant. Plymouth Chrysler.ImperiaI
$40 WILSON BLyDsa ARL.' VA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

VIRGINIA
Polk Motor compony.. Inc.
lS4s King st.. Alsronddu, Va.
AIS Motors. Inc.
1910 Wilson Blvd,. Arlington. Va.
Shirlinston chTysIeF-PIymouth, Inc.
7,lo shirlinston 3D.. Arlington, Va.
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DO W. Lee Hwy. Fsirfur. Va.
FoIIs Church Gsross, Inc.
lee Hwy. end Hvood. FsIh Church, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-30

AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE AUTOMOBILES F0R SALE