davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
Death of Borbot

The reluctance of the United States
to get its fingers burned again in any
adventure resembling its bumbling in
Cuba must be blamed in great part for
the death of Haitian underground lead
er Clement Barbot and his brother,
Harry.
The demise of Clement Barbot, I'M
der ordinary circumstances, would not
have been considered an irreparable
loss to the world. He was most san
culinary man and would happily have
done to Dictator Francois Duvalier what
Papa Doc" has done to him.
But Clement Barbot did have two
attributes that clearly made him the
lesser of two evils in Haiti as far as the
United States was concerned. He was
the only anti-DuvalieriSt alive with the
courage to fight the dictator tooth and
nail. And he was, or said he was, pro-
United States.
A Star reporter personally heard
Barbot emiSSary plead with United
States officials in Port au Prince less
than two months ago for guns, explo-
Sives and grenadeS with which to carry
the fight to Duvalier. This help was
refused because 1t was American nation
al policy to remain aloof from the mess
in Haiti.
Barbot is no angel, United States
officials explained at the time, but very
few people in Haiti are and 1t may snow
at Cap Haitien before the State Depart
ment finds an anti-Duvalier leader
whose purity is compelling enough to
meet our exacting standards.
Let's be honest: 1t was not our ma
tional morality that required the United
States to let the BarbotS 60 1t alone.
We had no computations about putting
a thumb in the scales against BatiSta
in Cuba or Arbenz in Guatemala. But
where Haiti is concerned our attitude
seems to be compounded, in roughly
equal parts, of inertia and funk.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
Misunderstanding Bill Hoax on Housewife

With regard to your recent
editorial supporting Senator
Harris so-called "truth-in-
packaging" bill, there are
sound reasons for opposing
this legislation and there is
good reason to view the bill
as q hoax on the American
housewife. I say hoax" be-
cause the bill is promoted as
offering the consumer dra-
matte new protection from
deceptive packaging prac-
ticeS. In truth, 1t will give
the housewife no protection
not already available to her
in present law. But under
the guise Of protection" 1t
will take away some Of her
individual privileges o. q
consumer In the marketplace
even to the extent Of pro-
hibiting her from saving O
few cents on manufacturer
price-savings promotions.
Two Federal laws already
In existence afford extensive
protection from deceptive
and misleading packaging
and labelling practices: the
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
and the Federal Trade Com
mission Act.
The Food and Drug Act
prohibits labelling that is
false or misleading In any
particular; prohibits the use
Of any container that lis so
made, formed, or filled as to
be misleading; requires Ia
beling to show IAN accurate
statement Of the quantity Of
the contents in terms Of
weight. measure, or numeri-
cal count: and provides that
all information required by
law to appear on the label
must be prominently placed
thereon with such conspicu-
BUSINESS Gas compared with
other words, statements, de-
signs or devices in the label
ing) and in such terms as
to render II likely TO be read
and understood by the ordi-
nary individual under Gus
tomary conditions Of pur-
chase and USE" Such broad
protection prompted Com
missioner George p. Larrick
Of the Food and Drug Ad-
ministration TO testify before
the Hart Subcommittee in
1862 that this Act now calls
for truth In packaging."
Section 5 Of the ETC Act
prohibits unfair methods Of
competition In commerce.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
CIerqy's RIGHTS

I am o member Of the
Presbyterian Church, USA,
and have been for 40 years.
AS q member Of the church
1t distresses me to see one
Of our leaders, DR.. Eugene
Carson Blake. get himself ar
rested by deliberately break
ing the law in Baltimore,
Md. 1t is his right to disagree
with the laws of q State
and work to get them changed
through legal channels but
he has no special right to
break the law. Because q
righteous cause is on his side
does not Justify his action.
Florence M. Hover.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
An Important Aspect of the New Deal
BY DONALD MINTZ

be distributed to meet the To-
cal unemployment needs in
each particular area. and also
would have low-cost projects
because you did not count in
direct employment"
Hopkins rather smudged
his reply, but the distinction
the reporter made was correct.
The WPA sought to fit its
projects to the work force
available as well as to make
them useful. 1t was supposed
to get people off dole relief
and put them on work relief.
1t ran into a great deal
Of trouble. including charges
Of inefficiency and political
meddling. Dean Charles ex-
amines all these, and comes
to the conclusion that on the
whole WPA had an excellent
record. A certain amount Of
inefficiency was built into
the nature of its task; those
who were on relief and were
employable were to be put
to work even II the result
was not the best balanced
labor force for the project at
hand.
AS FOR POLITICS, it is
Dean Charles well-supported
view that most abuses came
from Congress and local poll
ticians and that Hopkins
and his staff generally COM
bated them with considerable
force. Above all-and at the
present this is we'll worth re-
membering-WPA got able
bodied men, many of them
unskilled and not readily re-
trainable. off relief and put
them to work.
Hopkins had his share Of
trouble with old line agencies.
Nevertheless the reader is
impressed with the atmos-
phere Of Washington in the
sos as 1t energies from Dean
Charles book. It seems that
the notion that inaction
could never be considered
error or failure had not yet
taken firm root. According
ly 1t was not possible to pro-
tect ones self by sitting
under the desk. Better an
egregious blunder than moth
ing at all.
The speed with which the
first Roosevelt administra-
ton put together organiza-
tions and stats Is astound-
ing. And 1t seems that there
was little, II any. more waste
and foolishness. than we have
with today's ritual Of pre-
liminary studies.
Dean Charles little book
about an important aspect
Of the New Deal Is both In
formative and evocative.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19

and unfair or deceptive acts
or practices in commerce."
This provision covers all I'M
fair or deceptive advertising,
packaging and labelling prac-
tices relating to all products
in commerce. The broad scope
Of this Act has been empha-
sized by ETC Chairman Paul
Rand Dixon's statement, IT
believe that this weapon Is
all that Is necessary to pro-
tect competition and the con-
sumner II the Commission and
the courts are as ingenious
as offenders" Chairma n
Dixon also testified before
the Hart Subcommittee that,
There can be no doubt that
the Commissions general
powers under existing law
would authorize it to issue
such (cease and desist) or
ders when false or mislead-
ing packaging or labelling re-
suit In consumer deception"
Consider two of the main
abuses" cited in the Hart
Subcommittee hearings:
/. Packages labeled econ
omy size" when another
package may really be more
economical. II such a label
is deceptive or misleading,
either the FDA or ETC can
take action under present
authority. For example,
there was a well-publicized
case last year in which FDA
seized some $500 jars of q
product bearing a giant
economy size" label that was
deceptive because a smaller
jar Of the product actually
offered q lower per-ounce
price.
2. Packages that are
slack filled; or partly filled
with air space. Here again,
both agencies can take ac-
ton now. under present law.
The Third Circuit Court OF
Appeals has established the
principle that when the FDA
charges q manufacturer with
deceptively using a slack
filled package, the burden is
upon the manufacturer TO
justify this by proving that
such fill is required by con-
siderations Of product pro-
lection and that no less
deceptive alternative is avail
able. FDA Commissioner Lar
rick praised this court dec
ision as "a most reasonable
rule" and the FDA counsel
said II do not think we can
improve on that rule an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19

'nounced by the Court OF APP
peals that the burden is on
the person who Is using the
deceptive container to justify
it in terms Of reasonable
need"
The Hart bill would ban
all manufacturer price-sav-
ing promotions, such as
cents off" deals. Compare
this with present law, which
is designed to stop such pro-
motions that are illegal. but
allows those that are honest.
Under present law, therefore.
the housewife Is allowed the
opportunity to save q few
cents on these honest pro-
motions. But, under the
Hart bill, the theory is that
she must be denied all such
opportunities because one
dishonest promotion may
escape detection and deceive
her.
The Hart bill would en-
power Government agencies
to prohibit manufacturers in
a given industry from pack
aging their product except
in a few Government-de-
creed quantity sizes. Under
present law, deceptive pack
aging is prohibited, but
manufacturers are still free
to package so as to accom-
modate a broad variety Of
consumer desires and tastes
hence the great variety Of
package sizes available to
consumers. Under the Hart
bill, this proposed Standard
zation must Of necessity
limit the packages available
for mer selection.
Therefore, the theory seems
to be that the freedom of
choice Of all consumers must
be limited simply because q
few Of them may experiences
difficulty In choosing intelli-
gently among q wide variety
Of choices. Will this Govern
ment control assure that all
types Of consumers get the
package sizes they prefer
or will they merely wind up
with q minimal take II or
leave II" choice2
This proposal almost sug-
gests that free enterprise Is
too successful an economic
system, that 1t provides con-
sumers with too much va
riety.
Hilton Davis, Manager.
Manufacture Distribution
Department, U. s.
Chamber Of Commerce
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
Time to Take Control

! agree intellectually with
the reasonable position taken
by your editorial, Time to
Take Control" Although !
have more faith in the
decency Of the white popu-
lation than does Gov. Ross
Barnett, I do believe that un-
less Negro extremists are sup
pressed there will be no civil
rights bill.
While 1t may be true that
In some instances police
brutality inspired Negro VIC.
lence. while. 1t may be true
that violence by q few white
spectators resulted in Negro
retaliation, still the good be-
havior shown by the Negro
in non-violent demonstration
is the best method guaranteed
to get results.
Unreasonable demands, as
asking for jobs requiring
preparation where no training
exists. or where no Jobs are
available, are certain to
hamper efforts to gain recog-
milton for the Negro. Extrem-
iSt action will surely chase
away the white friends OF the
Negro.
Gov. Rockefeller has warned
the Republican Party of the
dangers Of right wing ex-
tremists. You have warned
the Negro leaders Of the
dangers Of using violence.
Both positions are we'll taken.
Lack Of discipline on the
part Of those trying to help
the Negro, white and colored,
will simply hinder the efforts
Of those in both groups who
are trying to improve the lot
Of the Negro. We might add
that some Of us are getting
mighty tired Of hearing the
cry police brutality" from
the Negro leadership every
time a disorderly Negro is ar
rested. In no small number
Of instances some Negroes
retaliate by real brutality.
Even the most tender
hearted apologist for the
Negroes plight cannot con-
done violence. Only non-vio-
lent demonstrations are &C.
ceptable to decent white
people. Matthew A. McKavitt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
WARFARE in C. o. p

Your editorial Of July IS,
warfare In the @. o. p"
states:
%. we would want to
know Q lot more than any
one now knows about his
attitude on basic foreign and
domestic issues before taking
him seriously for the presi-
dency."
II you will take the trouble
to read Barry Goldwater'S
book Conscience Of o Con-
sentative" you will find his
views set forth concisely and
explicitly, and far more can
didly than any Of his 0ppor.
tunist opponents and crit.
cizers.
Tony FentOn.
The feeling fingers that
The Star Is not interested in
Senator Goldwater's being
nominated as the Republican
candidate for President in
1864. Since The Star would
like to know more about him
and his beliefs it Is respect
fully suggested that a little
more attention be paid to
Senator Goldwater'S voting
record in the Senate, his
comments in his speeches,
and his books why Not Vic
tory" and Conscience Of q
Conservative" Just to men
ton a few. It would appear
that The Star is having diff
ficulty comprehending the
mood Of the people. There
are many. Republicans, JEFF
ferSonian Democrats and
Independents, as witness the
Draft Goldwater Independ-
ence Day Rally, who really
want q conservative candi-
date who is interested in pre-
serving our priceless Consti-
tuition, our liberty, and our
system Of free enterprise,
1t would be interesting If
there were held in the future
a National Draft Scranton
Rally" to find out how many
people would work and sup
port the liberal Governor
Scranton for the nomination.
The undersigned would at
tend, II only to count those
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
THE POLITICAL MILL
By GOULD LINCOLN
GoIdwoter Camp Not Alarmed

Gov. Rockefeller's blast at
Senator Goldwater Of Ari-
Sona. leading Republican
conservative, has brought
from the Governors own
supporters and some others
shouts Of commentator.
They believe that the New
Yorker has shattered all
chances Of o Goldwater pres
idential nomination next
year.
The Goldwater supporters,
while not amused, are not
alarmed. They do not be-
lieve that the Rockefeller
Cirade-his attempt to make
1t appear that the John
Birch Society is about to
lake over the Republican
Party-has made any dent
in the Goldwater strength,
which, with considerable
reason, they say is far-flung
across the country. They
have not been stampeded
into making harsh charges
against the New York Gov
ernor In retaliation. Nor do
they intend to do so. Their
silence may be more ominous
for the Rockefeller cam
paign for the presidential
nomination.
GOldwater in Front
One point they do make:
that no such TRADE would
have come from Gov. Rookie
Teller had 1t not been appar-
ent that Senator Goldwater
was far out in front in the
1868 summer book on the
race for the @. o. p. 1864
presidential nomination. Any
candidate who shows run
ming power and seems in the
lead for such q nomination
is the man who must be
stopped. Hence Gov, Rookie
feller's rocks.
In two Of Senator Goldwa-
ter'S recent speeches the Ari-
conan has directed his fire
at the liberals who have tax
en- over the Government Of
the United States. He did
not include Gov. Rockefeller
In his charges, although the
New Yorker is widely adver-
tised Is the leader Of the
Republican liberal wing Of
the party. The Goldwater
charges, and they were Bit
ter, were aimed entirely at
the Kennedy administration,
at the Democratic leaders In
that administration who
close their eyes and do bust
ness with the corrupt big
city political machines, at
the liberals for their dedi-
Gated efforts to build @ big
ger and bigger bureaucratic
Federal Government, at their
irresponsible handling of the
Governments finances and
the country's economy.
The Democrats are chuck
ling with appreciation at the
Rockefeller attack on the
champion Of Republican con-
servatives. why shouldn't
they? And the whole Rookie
Teller maneuver Is hailed as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19

MINASTER OF II E LIE r,
Harry Hopkins and the
Depression by Searle F.
Charles. Illus, 286 pp.
(Syracuse University Press,
So.
The legacy Of the WPA is
all around us. The local post
office or the local hospital,
for example, may well have
been built by the agency.
The usefulness Of these
edifices was-and is-appar-
ent to one and all. But the
WPA was remarkably i'm
aginative. If, for example,
you are interested In the BIZ
ography Of some obscure
American musician land it is
surprising how many people
are), the first place to look
Is a fat, crumbling, mimeo-
graphed volume that will tell
you where to find informa-
ton. The compilation of this
Autographed diction-
airy" was q WPA project.
There have been q number
OF studies Of the WPA. It's
head, Harry Hopkins, figures
prominently in these and in
other books as well. In
Minister Of Relief" Searle
F. Charles. Dean Of Will
mantle Comm State Col
lege, has focused on Hopkins
in his role as boss OF the
WPA. The book is not about
Hopkins as q man; there is
virtually nothing about his
life aside from his work. At
the same time, 1t is not a
book about WPA as such:
there is insufficient detail
for that.
Dean Charles middle posi-
ton is more than legitimate;
1t offers what is probably the
best view for the general
reader who would like to
know something about one Of
the most important Of the
Federal agencies OF the sos
and about the man who ran It.
Moreover, It is an original
book, not O summary OF three
or four predecessors. Dean
Charles has gone through
manuscripts and other source
materials. His study is based
firmly on what he found there.
AT THIS DISTANCE in
time 1t is easy TO forget ex-
actly what the Works Prof.
ects Administration was and
Just how II differed from the
Public Works Administration
The distinction is made
clearly In q question asked
or rather q statement made
by q reporter at q Hopkins
press conference in June,
1885. "All along" said the
newsman, I'VE have been go
ing on the idea that Mr..
tHarold) Ickes (Secretary Of
the Interior and head Of the
PWA) was Of the belief that
projects would be approved
on the basis Of their eco
monte utility. counting on in
direct employment 10 spread
throughout the Nation. We
had the idea that you pre-
ferred projects which would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensa-
ton. Those not used mill be
returned only tDhen accom- =
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19

was to assure loud, continuous local
voice In regional affairs.
Eventually this will seep in, even
to the neophytes Of Montgomery. Until
then, the rest Of the area will Just have
to be patient.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19

the first step in q war to the
death between the conserva-
tive and liberal wings Of the
Republican Party. The Demo.
Gratis see the Republican Gov
ernor Of q great State under
mining and berating the most
severe critic Of the Kennedy
administration - the critic
with the most cutting tongue.
President Kennedy is getting
help from the Republican lib
erals, represented by Gov.
Rockefeller, In the political
picture, just as the President
says he needs such aid now
to get some of his New FrvrA-
tier measures through Con-
gress.
In his attack on Senator
Goldwater, Gov. Rockefeller
also undertook to picture
himself as a conservative
but q good kind Of conserva-
tive. A conservative who be-
lieves in sound financial con-
duct Of government, who
believes in the free enterprise
system and of freedom Of in
dividual initiative without
which men cannot be really
free or equal" No one doubts
that Senator Goldwater Is q
firm believer in these Gle
mental principles. But Gov.
Rockefeller, in his statement,
leaned heavily on the grow
ing danger to these very
same principles through sub
version from the radical
right" - the radical right
which he said is about to
take over the conservative
wing of the party, and that
has been supporting the Ari-
IONA Senator.
First Step
The Governors blast at
Senator Goldwater-althoueh
he did not mention him by
name-is just the first step,
1t Is reported. in the Rookie
Teller strategy to regain q
strong position to win the
presidential nomination next
year. Other steps will be his
effort to put the Governors
Conference on record on civil
rights and pressing issues of
the day-with the conference
as a forum from which to
gain wide publicity-and his
entry into the presidential
primaries next year. probably
beginning with the earliest
in New Hampshire. AS 1t
stands today, Gov. Rookie
Teller appears stronger in the
States Of the East than in
those Of the West and the
South. -.-.-.-,. ..-..--
Goldwater adherents take
the position that when the
time comes Senator Gold
water will be Judged on his
own record on civil rights,
for example, on labor prob
lens and other issues-and
that his record is good-not
what others have said 1t is.
In the meantime the Arizona
Senator Is not seeking to d.
vide the Republican Party
into armed camps.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-19
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. What is a fear of high
places called2-G. N.
A. Hypsophobia Is q fear
Of high places, and acropho-
bia. q fear OF being at 9
great height.
Evening star., 1963-01-09
IntegratiOn TOO Fast"

Mr.. MacCarthy, former direc-
tor of President EiSenhower's
National Physical Fitness Pro-
gram, also wrote that he be-
lieved integration in District
schools was undertaken too fast
and without adequate prepara-
ton.
Placing the Negro children
with the white eight years ago
was desegregation, not integra-
ton" he said.
I'VE do a grave disservice to
boys and girls Of both races
when we direct them to inte-
CRATE and thrust them into in
discriminate mingling without
the thorough preparation which
is a mandate for success in any
undertaking" he continued.
Mr.. MacCarthy also said that
for the Negro as well as the
White, 1T must be acknowl-
edged that lawbreaking any
where is not the result
of being underpriyileged."
The Citizens Committee was
formed six weeks ago when
SupU. Hansen named Chairman
MacCarthy.
Serving on the committee
with Mr.. MacCarthy was spe-
cial consultant Stephen S.
Jackson. There were six white
and four Negroes on the COM
mittee: Simeon S, Booker, jr.,
Mrs. Henry Grattan Doyle,
Arnold Fine, Philip L. Gore, 1t.
Gen Lewis B. Hershey, Col.
John V. Hinkel, Mrs. Jehu l..
Hunter, DR.. E. Franklin Jack
son, Alphone fluffy" Leemans
and Sterling Tucker.
Evening star., 1963-01-09
STADIUM
Strict Rules Urged
For Future Games

at a level of his ability to- learn
and perform" the committee
wrote, "the dropouts remain
high and threaten to continue
upward unless some specific
steps are taken to curtail this
trend.
While students in the basic
track often need special at
tention, most teachers. par
ticularly the more experienced,
feel denoted when assigned to
such classes. In such instances
both the children and the
teacher suffer.
I'VE believe that many of
these children are basic only
in description-not in poten-
tial, and this potential will go
undeveloped except that a
proper atmosphere Of instruc-
ton and learning is provided
this group"
But the major theme under
lying the report is the failure
of school administrators to
establish a system of develop
ing well-disciplined students
who hold respect for a code of
conduct and sportmanship.
Because of the fear of
criticism, educators too long
have covered up serious de-
ficiencies in conduct and failed
to seek the help of the police
to insure an en-
forced atmosphere of peace and
harmony" the committee said.
The school system needs a
code of conduct, it said, Ito
allow teachers to return again
to the field of teaching in
stead of fulfilling the role of
policemen"
The blast at school admins
traitors was set off by Commit
tee Chairman Shane MacCarthyI
in his letter accompanying the
investigation report requested
by School Supt. Hansen.
ITO consider the ThankSgiv-
ing Day disorders as beginning
and ending with the referees
whistles would be to ignore the
of the injured and to-
the fundamental fac
Tor that behavior at one sports
contest follows the pattern
Of conduct at other similar
events and in the daily sur
of the Schools" he
wrote.