davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Pesticides:
NeWWorninq

A presidential mmittee
warned the Nation last week 10
curb use Of pesticides. A SEN
ate panel later was told the
danger may be worse than fall
out.
There was a strange stiffness.
The birds, for example - where
had they gone? The feeding sta
tions In the backwards were de-
serted. The few birds seen any,
where were moribund; they trem-
bled violently and could not fly"
With this somber tone, Rachel
Carson last year opened her con-
troversial book. silent Spring I"
Its theme Of peril through care
less use Of chemicals was the
strongest statement in a genera
ton on behalf of wildlife con-
servation.
Last week. Americans were re-
minded that the danger to hui
mans may be Just as great.
The Presidents Science Ad-
visory Committee urged the Food
and Drug Administration TO look
into chemical residues in food
"as rapidly as possible"
Evening star., 1963-05-19
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Search for a Policy
On Haitian Problem

The United States suspended
diplomatic relations with Haiti
last week after President Du-
Waller stayed on in office after
his legal term expired.
The Caribbean has proved to
be sea Of troubles for the Ken
nedy administration.
President Kennedy and his
aides have been searching des-
perately for a non-violent way
to bring about the fall of two
island regimes which constitute
a threat to hemisphere security
and solidarity: Communist Cuba
and the Duvalier dictatorship in
Haiti.
But Mr.. Kennedy has had little
success in either case. In Cuba.
as far as the public has been
able to determine, our policy is
still one of watchful waiting and
hoping that Premier Fidel Castro
will fall from within. Last week.
in Haiti, it appeared that a SINH
lar policy of patience might be
followed.
One of the factors which has
restricted the flexibility of the
Kennedy administration has been
the reluctance of powerful Latin
members of the Organization Of
American States to agree to any
firm action against President
Francois Duvalier.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
A Space Crossroads

AstrOnaut Gordon Cooper sue
cessfully landed Thursday
after 70 orbits of the earth,
alOft nearly four times as long
as previous United States
flights. But mechanical failures
confirmed some views about
automatic" controls.
The public probably will re"
member him best for two things:
He snoozed 712 hours while in
orbit. And when automatic con-
trolls broke down, he brought his
space ship back by hand, hitting
the Pacific target like a sharp
shooter.
Major L. (for Leroy Gordon
Cooper has a reputation for
laconic speech, a phlegmatic air.
and courage, once defined by
Hemingway as "grace under pres
sure" The pilot demonstrated all
three with a flawless performance
as Americas sixth man in space.
There we're the usual props to
the drama when he climbed
aboard the pear-shaped space We
hicle. First a days poStponement,
then the fuel lines dropping away
and the gold flame and roar of
the Atlas rocket taking off at
9:04 am. Wednesday, the crowds
in Grand Central Station listening
to details relayed by a flat mono
tone voice.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
No Intervention

These Latin countries vigor-
ously oppose any kind of inter-
vention, joint or unilateral by
the United States, and Mr.. Ken
nedy is in no present mood to
act contrarily. He has cast his
lot with the OAS, which is more
noted for its debates than its
actions. Thus his policy and the
OAS itself are now on trial.
The United States repeatedly
put heavy pressure on President
Juan Bosch of the Dominican
Republic to forestall an attack
on Haiti by the army under his
control. The Dominican Republic
shares the island of Hispaniola
with Haiti.
Mr.. Bosch has been angered by
DR.. Duvalier's refusal to grant
exit visas to political refugees who
have sought asylum in the Do
minican Embassy in Port-au-
Prince and by the violation of the
embassy by Haitian troops. He
modified his army and sent units
to the Haitian border. He has
demanded satisfaction from DR..
Duvalier but has not yet re-
ceived 1t.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
As Mediator

The OAS has taken over the
task of trying to mediate between
the two island neighbors. A spe-
cial finding commission Of
the organization arrived in Port
au-Prince on Friday. 1t has
powers to attempt a conciliation,
but is not charged with making
formal recommendations as to the
governing of Haiti in the event Of
the departure or overthrow of DR..
Duvalier.
There had been a spate of re-
ports and stories early last week
suggesting that DR.. Duvalier was
prepared to flee his country on
Wednesday, the day his six-year
term as President expired. Anti
Duvalier elements had indicated
that they would set off uprisings
in Haiti and would assassinate the
Negro leader if he did not quit.
But all this proved only that
the wish is sometimes the father
of the thought.
Evening star., 1963-05-19

900 votes out Of a total Of 6S.S mil
lion. While he benefited in some
States because Of his religion, he
probably lost others for the same
reason.
AS a consequence, Mr.. Kennedy
has been extremely wary Of taking
stands which would lead to do
meStic political criticism tied to
his Catholicism. He is rarely
photographed with the Catholic
hierarchy in the United States.
He opposes Federal aid to paro-
chial schools. He has opposed
a United States representative
to the Vatican.
In the last months, when he de-
cided to visit Italy to talk with
Italian government officials (on a
trip which will also take him to
West Germany and Ireland), the
question came up as to the ad-
visibility Of his meeting with the
Pope.
There apparently took place a
dialogue between those preSiden-
tial advisors who see all the
Presidents actions in terms of
votes and those who look at things
from a more broadly national In
terest.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Vanishing Fireman

Ever since the Canadian gov
ernment showed the way several
years age by phasing out the
train "fireman"-a coal shoveller
on steam locomotives made obso-
lete by diesel engines-the United
States industry has been under
pressure to follow suit.
A Railroad Commission ap-
pointed by former President Eli
senhower studied the matter l3
months last year and recon-
mended abolishing thousands of
jobs. But the unions baked.
When the railroads announced
plans to change work rules, the
unions threatened to strike.
President Kennedy appointed a
new board April 3 to find a solu-
ton. Its recommendations, an
nounced last week, offered a
gradual approach. The result
would still be ultimate elimina-
ton Of most firemen, except
where train safety would be jeop-
ardized or other employees unduly
burdened.
The unions cautiously acknowl-
edged the reports usefulness and
new negotiations are expected
soon. Under law, they may not
strike for 80 days after the an
nouncement. That puts the dead
line at June 10.
While the trains were still run
ming, nuclear ship-of- the
future sat at her moorings in
Galveston, Tex, where she has
been idled since February, q VIC
tim of labor troubles.
The Nuclear Ship Savannah
among other things needs some
80 engineers who have been
trained at Government expense to
run her elaborate reactor system.
But they feel their investment in
time and labor up TO three years
for some merits more pay than
the present premium.
Irritated by an arbitration
award gearing their pay to that
Of deck officers. they have sub
mitted designations. staged tenn
porary strikes, and refused fur
ther arbitration.
Last week It appeared Uncle
Sam would have TO train a new
crew. Commerce Secretary Hodges
forecast shutdown OF six
months. Judging from previous
training, II probably will be
longer for the $50 million expert
mental ship.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
TeII-ToIe Light

What differed this time was a
heart in the mouth return to
earth. A light, winking on inside
the capsule at the wrong time.
was the sole clue.
True, there had been other mall
functions. A tethered balloon re-
fused to pop out in orbit. The
TV pictures came through ragged
from the capsule. But these we're
minor.
The mystery of the green light
was another matter. Designed to
signal gravity forces and the be-
ginning of descent, it flashed long
before it was supposed to. Track
erS concluded the automatic con-
trolls had gone awry and warned
Maj. Cooper he must return by
manual means poSitioning the
craft, firing rockets to break his
17,546-miles-per-hour speed. jet
tiSoning the empty rockets, and
ejecting two parachuteS plus a
landing cushion.
With unbelievable precision he
performed all these functions. His
vehicle splashed into the Pacific
only 5.06 land miles from the USS
Kearsarge. The ship, (named after
a Civil War Union sloop, in turn
named for a New Hampshire
mountain). picked him up without
mishap.
There were several lessons in the
Cooper flight. One was the un-
reliability still plaguing electronic
systems in the capsules, and the
hazards of re-entry through 5000
degree heat. (Astronaut Scott
Carpenter had roared 200 miles
past his target, and John Glenn'S
heat shield was falsely reported
loose by an erring signal lightO
Another was the need for a
skilled astronaut aboard future
flights. Automatic" controls are
not yet reliable enough to bring a
capsule back INTENDED.
Evening star., 1963-05-19

are pessimistic about the admin
istration's chances Tuesday, de-
spite the feed grain "sweetener."
1t will require a two-thirds ma
jority to pass, an obstacle many
regard as too high.
Meanwhile, faced with ever
mounting defense spending and
the annual multi billion farm
prop program. Congress again
must raise the national debt
ceiling.
The House approved an admin
istration bill Wednesday hiking
the ceiling to $307 billion until
July /, and to 5000 billion for the
following two months. That is
hardly the end; it has been raised
eight times since 1852, when it
was $275 billion, and Treasury
Secretary Dillon has forecast a
required peak of 1920 billion by
June 80, 1864.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Congress-:
Farm Bill

Congress passed a feed-grains
bill and sent ii to the White
House last week, raising hopes
for approval of a national
wheat referendum next Tues
day. In other business, the
House voted to raise the ma
tiOnal debt ceiling to 5000 bill
lion.
Although it is the farmers who
will decide how the wheat glut
problem will be handled in a spe-
cial vote Tuesday, the adminis-
tration has a lever.
The device is a separate feed
grain measure, passed by Con-
gress last week over Republican
opposition. 1t frees farmers to
plant any combination of wheat
and feed grains within allowable
acreages.
President Kennedy, who backed
the bill. was pleased with the
Senate's 1875 vote adopting it.
The program, he said, gives the
farmer needed information TO
vote intelligently this week.
II they approve the wheat plan.
farmers can plant feed grain on
wheat acres or vice versa, accord
ing to which they think more
profitable.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Racial:
The Other Side

Leaders Of both races braced
for possible new violence in
Birmingham, Ala, following a
week Of uneasy calm. President
Kennedy visited the State yes
terday but avoided the crisis
plagued city.
At the peak OF world excitement
over Astronaut Cooper's space
feat. the Soviet newspaper Isvestia
played the story beside another
United States event: Birmingham.
Alabama, the Russians said, Is
In the midst Of a rampage Of
racism."
What had continued for five
weeks as an example OF disciplined
passive resistance by Negroes in
Birmingham suddenly disinte-
grated a week ago into Just an
other mob on the rampage.
The catalyst was the bombing
by unidentified white men Of two
Evening star., 1963-05-19

Negro headquarters-the home Of
the Reverend A. D. King and a
motel. In the aftermath so per-
sons were injured as Negroes re-
taliated hurting rocks and bottles
at city police.
Sunday night President Ken
nedy ordered specially trained
military troops to an area near
Birmingham and alerted the Ala
bama National Guard. The move
brought a swift reaction from
Alabama Governor George C.
Wallace, who called it "an af-
front" and questioned it's legality.
In a reply the President wired
the Governor that the troops
would not intervene unless State
and local law enforcement failed.
AS the week wore on and no fur
ther violence occurred, the Bir-
mingham pact between white
merchants and Negroes picked up
support.
But there were ominous signs
that the conflict might explode
again at any time. Negroes con-
tinued to complain of brutality
at the hands of State police. There
was an underlying conflict be-
tween city police, who had handled
the riot without drawn guns, and
intervening State troopers, who
tried to break out rifles.
Meanwhile, Governor Wallace
announced he would bring suit
testing whether Federal troops
could be used in Birmingham.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Tests:
NumbersGune

President Kennedy last week
studied a new, "nO-mOre-cOn-
ceSSiOnS" note from Premier
Khrushchev on a nuclear test
ban. The Acc and the Penta-
gOn on Monday suddenly can
celIed plans for three detOna-
tiOns at the Nevada range.
After nearly six frustrating
years of White House efforts to
get the Soviet Union to agree to
a nuclear test ban treaty, many
Americans, perhaps understand
ably, have taken a pessimistic at
titude toward the whole exercise.
There has been a widespread
feeling that the Russians have
been using the talks to mask
their effort to catch up with the
United States in nuclear weap-
onry. Last year, we allowed the
USSR to conduct a series of at
mospheric testS-at least SO shots
were publicly counted by the Acc
without responding with a Sc
rieS of our own.
There has been some feeling,
too, that if the United States has
a substantial lead in nuclear
weapons development, as admin
istration leaders assert, it may be
too much to expect an opponent
to accept second place perma-
nently, as it would if it ceased
further tests.
Accordingly, there is no sur
Continued on Page C-2
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Industry:
Transit Trouble

Government officials last
week ordered domestic airlines
TO hike fares per cent on
Atlantic routes; proposed elm
mating most diesel train fire
men, and announced the MS.
Savannah will be immObilized
all summer.
While Americas chief atten-
ton was fixed on an orbiting
space capsule, older forms of
transportation were going
through noisy series Of disputes
last week.
A prickly international case
embroiled the airlines, the State
Department, and British author
tiles who threatened to seize some
American airliners in the fare
dispute.
The heart of the problem lies
in the rich transatlantic pas
senger traffic. Once a profitable
field - world airlines netted a
total of $61.7 million back in 1859
as new Jets encouraged travel
1t has become a nightmare of
competition and deficits. In 1861
the airlines reported about $l40
million in net operating losses.
After month of negotiations,
the International Air Transport
Association last october an
nounced its 90 member lines
would raise international travel
rates by per cent to offset
losses. On May IL the foreign
lines finally put the hike into
effect.
But Pan American and TWA,
the two United States lines oper-
ating passenger flights over the
North Atlantic, preferred to keep
the rate lower. Their view was
reinforced by an order from the
Civil Aeronautics Board this
month not to raise fares. Author
tiles said domestic lines were
making money on the routes. and
that European lines put more
planes into service than the At
lantic run warrants.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Plans Inaugural

(The Haitian leaders contin-
uance in office is regarded as
illegal by the United States. The
Haitian constitution provides for
one Six-year term for the Presi-
dent. But DR.. Duvalier contends
that two years ago, in a parlia-
mentary election, the people
actually voted another Six-year
term for him. He has plans for
a second inaugural ceremony next
Wednesday,
Then, on Friday, the State De-
partment announced that as of
last Tuesday midnight the United
States had imposed what
amounted to a diplomatic boy
colt against the Duvalier regime
as a sign of disapproval.
This does not mean that diplo-
matte relations have been broken.
United States Ambassador Ray
mond ThurSton will remain in
Port-au-Prince, pending a further
decision on what our policy should
be. He will stay there, too, to look
after the safety of American citi-
zens still in Haiti. He would be
able to call upon a Navy-Marine
task force lying off the island, if
necessary.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Stronger Action

Four Latin American countries
have taken stronger diplomatic
action-a complete severance of
relations. They are: Ecuador, Ven-
ezuela, Costa Rica and the Domi-
nican Republic.
But in the absence of a serious
internal uprising in the Negro
republic" the OAS, because of the
hesitancy of the larger Latin coun-
tries to tranSgreSs in the slightest
measure the holy writ of mon
intervention" may decide that
consultation" on the problem is
as far as it will go.
Should the Kennedy adminis-
tration fail to persuade the OAS
to take firm action, it may have
to find new ways and institutions
to promote democracy in the
hemisphere.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Classic Choice

The referendum offers a classic
choice that has bedeviled agri-
culture experts for decades: High
price support with tight controls,
or low prices and almost no con-
troll on production.
The administration hopes farm
ers will adopt the stiff controls
scheme, enacted by Congress last
year. Under 1t a grower would
get a So per bushel price guaran-
tee but a forced reduction in how
much wheat he could produce.
The measure makes the Secretary
of Agriculture czar over nearly
every bushel OF wheat grown,
through a certificate system.
Privately. Washington officials
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Ultimotum

It went further with the Agri-
culture Department. issuing what
amounted TO an ultimatum: Stop
mass sprayings TO eradicate gypsy
moths and other insects. Control,
not eradication, will produce the
same economic results" 1t de-
clared.
The Presidents advisory panel
is composed Of nine scientists
who are professors at various
universities around the Nation.
1t is headed by DR.. Colin M. Nc
Leod. professor Of medicine at
New York University Medical
School.
simultaneously President Ken
nedy announced he had already
ordered FDA and Agriculture TO
put the reports recommendation
into practice.
Last Thursday the Presidents
chief science adviser delivered a
new Jolt. DR.. Jerome B. Wiesner
told Senate subcommittee that
mans uncontrolled use OF such
poisonous chemicals is potentially
a greater risk than radioactive
fallout. While pesticides should
not be abolished, he added. we
need TO study their long-range
effect on humans.
The publicity came on the heels
Of other disturbing facts. Deaths
have approached 30 per cent
among birds In some areas where
poisons were applied against in
sects and tree disease. the report
said. And chemical firms reported
pesticides are selling briskly, UP
TO 5 per cent better than a year
ago.
Evening star., 1963-05-19

suggesting we had the right to
seize British planes in return.
The outcome promises to cost
Atlantic travellers a substantial
sum. Estimates range from $40 to
$50 million year.
Behind the wrangle lies a steady
erosion of the United States air.
lines markets through foreign
competition. Back in 1850 ours
carried SO per cent of all passen-
gers over the North Atlantic. BY
last December the figure sagged
to SO per cent, although Ameri-
can citizens make 81 per cent of
all flights on these routes.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Ideals vs.. Votes

The suggestions that the
church-state issue might once
again be raised-to the political
harm Of Mr.. Kennedy and the
Democratic Party were heard.
But so, too, were the arguments
that the President ought to take
advantage Of this opportunity to
meet with the spiritual leader of
500 million Roman Catholics, the
author Of an historic encyclical
letter aimed at the promotion Of
world peace and a man who Ia
regarded as the moving force
behind an effort at world CHS
tian unity.
Last week, the President made
his decision. He would meet with
Pope John. The exact time and
place will be announced later, but
1t will probably be at the end of
the week Of June 16-Mr. Ken
nedy reportedly will leave for
Italy on June 20-in the Vati-
can or at the Pope's summer res
idence at Castel Gandolfo outside
Rome. Mr.. Kennedy would be
the second American President
ever to visit a Pontiff-President
Eisenhower called on Pope John
in 1859.
There had been reports that
Mr.. Kennedy originally consid-
cred a possible meeting with the
Roman Catholic leader next
year, when the President expects
to visit Italy with Mrs. Kennedy.
who is presently pregnant. One
factor in the decision to meet
next month may be the physical
condition Of the 79-year-old
Pontiff. Persistent reports say
that he is suffering from cancer.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Won'tQuit

DR.. Duvalier invited foreign re-
porters TO one of his rare news
conferences on Wednesday and
made it quite clear that he had
no intention of leaving the coun-
try or the presidential palace. He
criticized the United States for
attempting to create panic by or
dering dependents of American
officials to come home. But he
also said he regarded relations be-
tween the two countries as i'm
proved and called for high-level
Haiti United States talks.
The United States, meanwhile,
Evening star., 1963-05-19
The President:
Visit to Pope

President Kennedy will meet
with Pope John XXIII In Italy
next month, White House
sources revealed on Friday.
John f. Kennedy is the first
Roman Catholic ever elected Pres
ident OF the United States.
He was elected by a bare 49,
Evening star., 1963-05-19
Follow Hike

In a turnabout last Tuesday,
the c. A. b. ordered the two
American lines TO go along with
the 5 per cent hike. Authorities
said pressure came from Britain.
which had written the fare in
crease into American landing per-
mits and threatened TO seize
planes not complying.
The episode touched off an
angry exchange in the Senate
Commerce Committee Wednes-
day. with Chairman Magnuson
Evening star., 1963-05-19

was having no part of talks with
the dictator.
On Thursday, the State Depart
ment announced that 1t was
urgently reviewing the whole
Haitian situation, including the
constitutional position of the pres
ent regime" and discussing same
with other governments. Trans
lated, according to officials, this
means that the department was
still trying to find a way to force
Dr.. Duvalier's custer which would
be acceptable to the Latins.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-28

Convenient rack that expands
to 35"x13". Decorated white
enamel. Hos 10 pegs for hots
& eodts. Hangs vertically or
horizontally.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-28

Automatic electric frying p1n
with cover Full control diol
for precision cooking. Eosy
10 clean . immsrsibls In
WofoF.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-28

Service for 8 in smoothly
finished stainless steel tobls-
wore. Knives hove semrtsd
bIodss. 2 beautiful pottsrns
Monieo q Bergen.
Evening star., 1963-04-14
Making a
WOOdCut

WOodcutting is a basically sim
pie art. Un'ichi Hiratsuka, a
traditional japanese artist,
whose print Is on the opposite
page, has dozens of tools and
spends as much as a month on
wOOdcut. But wOodcutting, as
Washington artist Russ Beall
demonstrates on this page,
need not be difficult. Mr..
BealIs woodcuts are more
spontaneous than Mr.. Hirat-
suka's. He needs only a knife
and a gouge to complete a wood
cut in an hour. His method can
be copied easily by anyone in
terested.
PHOTOS BY ETWooo BAKER
Evening star., 1963-04-14

4 plain pine board. a sharp pen knife
(Which is the drawing instrumeni) and
a gOuge are all that is needed to make
a WOOdcut. The knife is used to in
else the lines and the gOuge to cut
out the negative areas in the design.