davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-02-10
ChonSinS Inauguration

The Twentieth Amendment end
ed the lame duck session Of Con-
gress-from December until March
4-and changed Inauguration day
from March 4 10 January 20. II
passed Congress March 3. 1892,
and was ratified February 9, 1888.
Lame duck was the term given a
member OF Congress completing
his term after he had been de-
feated for re-election.)
Meanwhile. Franklin d. Roose-
welt was elected President In 1897
and reelected for three more
terms.
Mr.. Roosevelt died in le45. While
Harry s. Truman was serving out
Roosevelt's fourth term. o Repub-
lican Congress proposed an
amendment limiting future Presi-
dents 10 two terms. The amend
ment passed Congress March "a,
io47. soon after the Republicans
captured Congress. and was final
ly ratified March I. 1851.
The Twenty-third Amendment
and the last 10 far--gave resi-
dents OF the District OF Columbia
the right 10 vote In presidential
elections. II was proposed by Con-
gress June i6. 1860, and ratified
April 3. 1861.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Speakers Triple Role

The Speaker necessarily fills q
triple role. He presides over and
heads the House. He leads hts
party in the House and Is Q key
legislative and political adviser to
the President. And, like all other
House members, he must run for
election biennially to represent q
congressional district.
Notwithstanding their similari-
ties in the Speakership. Mr.. Nc
Cormack and Mr.. Rayburn differ
most in the type Of leadership It
self. Mr.. Rayburn built up q be-
nevolent personal power and di-
rection. He exercised it emphat-
ically and usually without serious
challenge. Mr.. Mccormack, as
Speaker, encourages q broader
based leadership and more Of o
team operation.
This is not to say Speaker Nc
Cormack has relinquished au-
thority and responsibility. Asso-
ciates describe him as using tact,
patience and the "long way
around" to influence colleages
and win votes. He hesitates to
impose his will to end factional
disputes or discipline Democrats
who stray from the party reserva-
ton In the House.
Speaker Mccormack neverthe-
less has demonstrated that he in
tends to keep and use the prime
powers and prerogatives Of his
office. He has not stood in the
way Of o Democratic steering
committee" or Of q Democratic
Study Group composed Of about
100 House liberals. But neither
has he permitted them to stand
in the way Of the management
of the House and the policy-mak-
ing work Of the Speaker, Majority
Leader Albert, Party Whip Boggs
and few other leadership team"
mpnnhprs
Evening star., 1963-02-10

(2) a constitutional amendment
providing that the Constitution
should never be altered 30 as to
abolish or interfere with the do
mestic institutions of any State,
including slavery.
It was similar to a larger group
Of proposals sponsored earlier by
a Senate group headed by Sena-
tor John J. Crittenden Of Ken
lucky.
The amendment passed the
House February 20, 1861, by a
1885 vote. It came up in the
Senate as the session ended. Just
before a new Congress took over.
The session was scheduled TO
end March 2. but the clock was
stopped at midnight and the ses-
sion went on into March 4. It was
Just before final adjournment
March 4 that the pro-slavery
amendment was passed, although
1t was dated two days earlier.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
This Article

The story Of America can be
told In many ways. One Of the
most revealing methods is 10
chart the changes that have
been made In the United States
Constitution. and 10 note pro-
posed changes that fell by the
wayside. There's an antipOll
tar amendment In the works
now, and this article brings the
subject up 10 date.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

by State legislatures as the Con-
stitution originally provided.
In December. 1917. Congress
passed the Eighteenth. or liquor
prohibition. Amendment. Prohibi-
ton was ratified before the end
Of January, 1919, signaling the
start Of the dry era. bootlegging
and the roaring twenties.
The era ended after Congress
passed the Twenty-first Amend
ment. repeating prohibition. and
the States ratified repeal Decem-
Der 5. 1888.
Women were given the right 10
vote by the Nineteenth Amend
ment. passed by Congress June
s. 1919. and ratified by the States
August 26. 1920.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

to Mr.. Rayburn, amassed "a vast
backlog Of friendship and favors"
for hundreds Of House members
Of both parties.
Whether Speaker Mccormack is
more attuned to and adept in leg
islative and political arrange
ments" than was Speaker Ray
burn Is open to question. There
have been complaints in some
quarters that Mr.. Mccormack re-
garded promises and deals as le-
gitimate as long as they were
honest.
House struggles last month and
in January, 1861. over expansion
Of the Rules Committee perhaps
did not answer the question but
they pointed up the differences
Of approach" characteristic Of Mr..
Mccormack and Mr.. Rayburn.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
orisinoI Income Tox

In 1894 Congress enacted a fiat
2 per cent levy on incomes. II was
quickly challenged and the Su-
preme Court. by q 5-4 vote. de-
clared II unconstitutional IN 1895.
In 1909. Congress proposed an
amendment specifically authoriz-
Ing the income tax.
This amendment took three
years and nine months 10 win
ratification and finally was
okayed In February. 1918. only
three months before the Seven
teenth Amendment. which passed
Congress three years later.
The Seventeenth Amendment
provided for election OF Senators
BY direct popular vote rather than
Evening star., 1963-02-10
The Routine

Meanwhile, back In the House
in the humdrum or hurly-burly
of day-by-d day congressional activ-
tiles, Speaker Mccormack has to
work considerably harder than
Speaker Rayburn did.
Speaker Mccormack represents
congressional district which in
cludes l6 Of the % wards in Bos-
ton. 1t has a population Of al
most 100000. and a 1860 presi-
dental election voting total Of
more than 100000. Mr.. Rayburn
represented q Northwestern Texas
district with a population of less
than 10000 and Q 1860 voting
total Of some $4,000.
That accounts In part for the
somewhat large staff and office
space Speaker Mccormack has.
Yet his staff has not been greatly
increased from what he had as
majority leader. Speaker Ray
burn had a staff Of seven headed
by John w. Holton as admins
trative assistant. Mr.. Mccormack
today has a staff Of IL, Of whom
four are In his Boston office.
Eugene T. Kinnaly, his admin
istrative assistant. is a Bostonian
who has been in Washington even
longer than Mr.. Mccormack. He
became his top aide when Mr..
Mccormack first came to Con-
gress In November, 1928. For 10
years previously he was with Mr..
McCormack's predecessor, the late
Representative James Gallivan.
Mr.. Kinnaly, at IA. has been a
congressional staff employe long
er than anyone else at the Capitol.
The Speakers legislative assist
ant is DR.. Martin Sweig, who has
been with him II years. Several
months ago he became the
Speakers legislative assistant
when Mr.. Holton resigned 10 60
into private business.
Speaker Mccormack has much
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Reconstruction Moves

President James Buchanan sig
nified his approval with his sig
nature. although II was not re-
quired. This Is the only instance
OF q President signing a proposed
constitutional amendment.
Southern States already had
seeded from the Union and war
began before any States ratified
II. Even with the war on. Ohio
voted ratification May i3. 1851:
Maryland. January 10, 1852, and
Illinois. February IA. 1852.
The wars end In 1855 prompted
three more amendments a. o dec
ade OF reconstruction began In
the South.
The Thirteenth Amendment In
February. 1865, did precisely what
It's unsuccessful predecessor four
years earlier would have forbid
den. II abolished slavery.
IL was ratified In less than q
year. Seven OF the defeated Con-
federate States. Louisiana, vir-
ginia, Arkansas. North and South
Evening star., 1963-02-10
The Morning of Time

There is a moment have been
missing for 10 years. ever since
the war first cut me off from
leisurely sea travel. It is the mo-
ment Of reaching the deck, fairly
early in the morning, before
breakfast, in fair weather. You
come out Of sleep. out Of the
stuffiness below. TO all the
freshness in the world. During
the night everything has been
remade for you. The open parts
Of the ship. the sea itself. even
the, morning, have Just come back
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Quick Action

The Twelfth Amendment
designed to clear up q mixup In
presidential voting that resulted
In an electoral college deadlock
between Thomas jefferson and
Aaron Burr took only seven
months.
The Twenty second Amend
ment. which limited q President
TO two terms. required almost four
years, longest Of any successful
amendment.
The antipoll tax amendment
must be ratified within seven
years or II becomes invalid. This
provision has been included on
most amendments for the last 40
years.
The constitution provides two
methods for proposing amend
ments.
One calls for the legislatures OF
two-thirds Of the States 10 issue
a call for a convention TO propose
amendments 10 the Constitution.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Holt Century LOpss

In 1910. Congress proposed an
amendment which would have ex-
panded the scope OF this ban 10
all United States citizens and
added a stiff penalty loss Of
citizenship. This narrowly failed
For half a century there we're
no more amendments proposed
by Congress. The next proposal
came as the storm Of the Civil
War broke.
As a part Of compromise efforts
In Congress, q House committee
came UP with % a bill tighten
ing the fugitive slave law and
Evening star., 1963-02-10

from the laundry. The scrubbed
planks glisten and the brasses
blaze IN q new morning Of crea-
ton. The winking and Kissing sea
has just been invented. The blue
above Is most delicately pale and
as yet untarnished. The air is a
mystery Of goodness. From these
shifting meadows comes the frag-
rance Of invisible sea blossoms.
Ocean and air whisper the news
Of their perfection. 1t is the morn
ing Of Time ITSELF. B. Priestley,
Delight.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Sounding Out Sentiment

What ever may be thought Of
policy and procedures MASTER
minded by Speaker Mccormack
with the aid Of the team" the
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Federal Income Tox

This method never has been
used. Since 1889. however. there
has been a move afoot 10 force
Just such a convention 10 set a
ceiling for the Federal income tax
The most recent survey indicates
that about half the States sup
port this move.
The other method, used for all
amendments so far, requires APP
proval by q two-thirds majority
OF both houses OF Congress.
Both methods require approval
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Mirror Society

The % amendments that have
been adopted In the last ITS years
mirror the changes in American
society since the Constitution be-
came the supreme law Of the land.
The proposed Twenty-fourth
Amendment began the rounds Of
State legislatures last September
IL when Bernard L. Boutin. Gen.
eral Services Administrator. no
titled the Governors OF the so
States that Congress had passed
it, ~
Il would abolish the poll tax
adopted by many Southern States
as one OF q number OF moves 10
take away voting rights given the
Negro by the Fifteenth Amend
ment during reconstruction days.
Only Alabama. Arkansas. Mis-
sisippi, Texas and Virginia still
levy the poll tax as q voting re-
ouirement.
Illinois and New Jersey already
have ratified the Amendment.
Thirty-six more States must act
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Monpower Unit

He Is planning to create a man
power administration in the de-
partment to cut through the es-
tablished bureaucracy to CO.
ordinate the available expertise
and apply it against the range
Of labor problems.
The unpleasant strikes Of re-
cent days have not stirred the
White House to any new desire
to open the Pandora's Box con-
tanning the various proposals for
change. In existing labor laws.
There Is confidence that the prin-
ciple Of collective bargaining will
prove durable IN the tightened
circumstances Of the present
economy and that the public in
terest in wage-price restraint can
be effectively voiced through Fed
eral mediators without any ex-
tension Of Government controls.
Solutions to many problems
like the constant demands Of the
building trades unions are certain
to be elusive. But the wariness
over the struggle between man.
agement and labor has been
frightened to some extent by
confidence in Willard wirtz.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
BY W. B. RAGSDALE, Jr.
Associated Press stan Writer

On March 4, 1904 few hours
before Abraham Lincoln became
President - Congress passed a
constitutional amendment which
would have declared that the Fed
eral Government couldn't inter-
fere with slavery.
War plans already we're too far
advanced for such feeble efforts
at compromise. Only three States
Maryland. Ohio and Illinois
ratified the amendment and 1t
was lengulfed by the Civil War.
However. the odds are good that
failure won't be the fate OF the
proposed amendment to abolish
the poll tax. an amendment
passed by Congress last Septem-
ber. Only five amendments
passed by Congress have failed TO
gain the required approval Of
three-fourths Of the States.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
cisor Mon

Speaker Mccormack Is seldom
without q cigar. whereas Speaker
Rayburn preferred cigarettes.
Speaker Mccormack seldom
drinks but does not object to
drinking In moderation. Friends
recall that in his earlier years In
Congress he was a proficient poker
player. Speaker Rayburn enjoyed
convivial companionship along
with an occasional bourbon and
branch water. He also found re-
taxation at some Washington So
cial gatherings.
Speaker and Mrs. Mccormack,
who have an apartment in the
Washington Hotel, now necessari-,
ly attend more social and cere-
monial gatherings but. as q col
league said. mot many more"
Sartorially, both Mr.. McCor-
mack and Mr.. Rayburn could be
listed among the better dressed
Speakers Of the House. Although
similar in conservative tastes, Mr..
Mccormack wears dark blue suits
replete with vest and gold watch
chain. Mr.. Rayburn's attire was
more varied but he frowned on
coats and pants that don't
match"
Despite dissimilarities In ways
Of doing things. perhaps that
sums Up their chief similarity as
Speakers. The main ambition Of
both men has been TO keep the
House in good shape and well
matched.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Inflotionov Aspect

Labor Department officials are
not disposed to maintain that the
37-cent settlement of the long,
shoremen's strike is nom
inflationary or responsive to the
administrations aim of keeping
wage increases within the annual
rise of 8 per cent in general pro-
ductivity. The Maritime Admin
istration knows that shipping
companies cannot absorb the
added cost out Of profits, since
few Of them are making the 10
per cent they are allowed under
the subsidy program. 1t Is con-
sidered more likely that they will
pass the cost along to their con-
sumers than seek an enlargement
Of their subsidy Of over 5000 mil
lion from the Government.
The best hope for mitigating
the inflationary aspects of the
settlement lies ip the order for a
presidential study Of work rules
at the docks. But in approaching
such questions as the size of long
shore gangs, Mr.. Wirtz and his
experts will be limited by their
mere ability to submit findings,
which will be subject to nego-
tiation and possible rejection by
the contending parties. The long
term problem cannot therefore be
regarded optimistically.
The broad fear arising from the
settlement is that the breach in
the administration's wage
productivity guideline will be
taken as a signal by other unions
to disregard the Administrations
pressures for restraint In subse-
Que1t neQotiqtinns
Evening star., 1963-02-10

before Mr.. Boutin can certify
that the Amendment has been
fully ratified-a chore that Mr..
Boutins General Services Admin
istration (GSA) took over from
the Secretary Of State in 1850.
Just how long 1t will take to
complete ratification is anybody's
guess.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Wirtz Is CARVING
Own Labor Niche
BY CHARLES BARTLETT
Contributing Writer

The public controversy over
the terms Of the settlement with
the 10000 longshoremen has OBJ
scured the broadening satisfac-
ton with Willard Wirtz as Secre-
tary of Labor.
Five months have passed since
Arthur Goldberg went to the Su-
prefne Court and the initial fears
that Mr.. Wirtz would be a pale
replacement for this kinetic per-
sonality have subsided into a gen.
eral confidence that the new Sec
retary has the character and
force to contend with the bur-
geoning problems in the labor
field.
He has considerably changed
the technique and emphasis of
the Secretary's role. The pattern
of Mr.. Goldberg's activities would
have had to change If he stayed
on because he played heavily upon
the yigor and impact of a new
administration and these inevi-
tably lose their effect with time.
Some felt that Mr.. Goldberg was
fortunate to quit while he was
ahead.
Secretary Wirtz has made no
effort to sustain the dynamism
or glamour Of his predecessors
approach but he has made him.
self felt by being low-keyed, sure
footed and articulate. His deep
knowledge in the field is respected
by both management and labor.
Management appreciates his re-
luctance to invoke the factor of
politics and the labor leaders,
while they would prefer to have
one Of their own as Secretary of
Labor, acknowledge that he is
able and objective.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
RoiIrood Negotiations

This possibility is discounted
however by labor specialists who
maintain that the peculiar ma
Evening star., 1963-02-10
SPEAKERS TECHNIQUE
With Mccormack Compromise Works

more extensive and elaborate Of
flee space than did Speaker Ray
burn. Mr.. Rayburn died Just as
the Speakers office suite was be-
ing made ready for occupancy In
the enlarged east front Of the
Capitol.
From early morning until 9
o'clock or thereafter In the eve
nings, including Saturdays, Speak
er Mccormack is at the Capitol
dividing his time and activities
between his East Front office suite
and the Speakers Rooms near the
entrance to the House chamber.
Notwithstanding additional ad-
ministrative and political as we'll
as legislative duties. he has re-
tained his favorite filing system
a lifelong habit OF jotting mes
sages and memos on backs Of en-
velopes and slips Of paper and
stuffing them all in his coat
pockets. Yet he seldom Is at q
loss to find any such material he
wants at o moments notice.
AS O young Congressman Mr..
Mccormack typed many Of his
letters and maintained pretty
much the same long office hours
he now has. Aides disclosed that
outside of office hours he lately
has fallen into the habit of writ
ing letters in longhand to constit-
uents without keeping copies for
the office files.
In contrast to the sometimes
taciturn or abrupt Speaker Ray
burn. Speaker Mccormack Is talk
ative and almost always ap-
proachable. When he first be-
came Speaker he had to force
himself to curtail his corridor
chats or interviews.
orotoy Short Now
He still seems to chafe at being
q Speaker who is not supposed
to speak very often in the House.
A1Ao OldVOlJ 10 Aull VI NibO1 uAlu
he was one Of the most skillful
of debaters. Except for occasional
remarks on the House floor
more than Mr.. Rayburn made
in recent years. he now must con-
tent himself to listen from the
Speakers chair.
At daily news brieflngs both
Speaker Mccormack and Speaker
Rayburn often displayed more
caution than they dispensed news.
Speaker Mccormack seems to en-
Joy the occasions more than his
predecessor did. He grants more
time and is eager to convince re-
porters that he is not trying to
miSlead them, even when saying
no comment off the record.
In physical appearance Speaker
Mccormack Is tall, gaunt. white
haired. genial and seemingly rest
less to be on the move. Speaker
Rayburn was short, heavy-set,
bald, deliberate paced and soft
spoken.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

President than as a presidential
candidate.
Mr.. Mccormack. the first Cath
olic ever to be elected Speaker,
did not seem to have the enthu-
siastic support and confidence Of
the Kennedy administration q
year ago. Today, however. White
House aides say-and show that
they owe a great deal to Speaker
Mccormack for loyalty and hard
work in behalf Of administration
measures.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01
Only Way to Operate:
Keep Diseases Out

THE DISEASE PREVENTION prac-
tices described in the May 1 article
on Loran Perry's SPF hog operation
was surely good reading to me.
Having tried to help salvage so many
herds in which diseases had been intro
duced and taken over, it has convinced
me there is only one way to operate;
that is, to keep those diseases out in
the first place.
If the principles described in the
article were more universally adopted
it would make our work in this depart
ment a lot less difficult. w. Stat
ford, State Veterinarian
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01
Horses, HOrsemanship'
In Third Edition

A NEW THIRD edition of Horses
and Horsemanship" by DR.. M. E. Ems
minger is just off the press. The $40
page, we'll Illustrated volume is an up
to-date, practical and scientific horse
mans reference book written for the
benefit of horsemen and horse lovers
everywhere.
While the book is devoted chiefly to
light horses, it also covers draft horses
mules and ponies.
DR.. Ensminger, now director, Horse
Science School and Short Course, Clovis,
Calf, was for more than 20 years head
of the animal science department of
Washington State University. He has
won international recognition as an
authority on horses and horsemanship.
Horses and Horsemanship, by DR..
M. E. Ensminger, The Interstate Print
ers & Publishers, Danville, Ill. Price
$3.50.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01

SEE THAT the Montana Stock
growers charge Secretary Freeman
with ttharassment' because of a regu-
1ation effective July L, 1868, that for
bids collecting money from livestock
sales without authorization. They ask
Congress to curtail this harassment
by the Secretary and let the stockmen
run their own business, including
seIf-heIp promotional programs.
1t seems inconceivable that the Mon
tana Stockgrowers would not know the
story behind this regulation. Far from
haraSSing the cattlemen, Secretary
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01

the merger of the Beef Council and the
National Livestock and Meat Board he
has favored legislation to legalize un-
authorized checkoffs.
1t took a long time and lot OF
work to make this ruling and, before
it became effective, the two livestock
promotional groups merged. The Beef
Council was the drive behind the rul-
ing. Now, of course, the illegal check
age as practiced by the National Live
stock and Meat Board for so many
years must be made legal.
Secretary Freeman is not ''harass-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01

About 2,700 persons were killed and
over 900 seriously injured in farm
work last year. These are the startling
facts behind the statement that agricul-
ture sis the third most hazardous Occu-
pation.'' More often than not the main
cause of farm work accidents is the
person involved. He may have been
hurrying, he was tired, or he just didn't
bother to be careful.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01
Policy Pays $1,000

A MONTANA FARMER R-STOCKNAN
accident policy held by Mrs. Ethel
Hurst, Outlook, at the time of her
death as the result of an automobile
accident has paid $4,000 to the bene-
ficiary.
The policy carried a face value of
$4,000. Premium the first year was SO
per year, 81 for each year of renewal
Value of the policy also increased
per cent for each year of renewal.
1t had been renewed nine times, allow
ing As per cent increase, or total
payment of $4,000.
Beneficiary was Ellis V. Hurst, hus-
band
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01
1attaM
10, t1o
Edito1

Constructive letters subjects of general
rural interest will be published under this
heading space permits Comparatively short
letters must necessarily be favored although
excerpts from longer letters be used.
Letters be signed, though only initials
will be used if requested. Montana Farmer
Stockman may may not agree with the
opinion expressed.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01

A pail of water set inside freshly
painted room will make the odor van
ish more quickly.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-07-01

ing'' the rancher, is not telling him
how to run his business, including
self-help promotional progr am s.
Harold Sloan Jr., Belle FOurche, S. ID.