davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04
Wrecking Game Ends
Deb's Mansion Porty

SOUTHAMPTON, N. Y, Sept.
4 (AP).-"Everything was all
right until the band went
home" said Fernando Wanna
maker Wetherill, discussing the
mansion-wrecking aftermath of
her coming-out party last week
end.
A group of her young social
tie guests from New York and
Philadelphia ran rampant
through Long Island mansion
that had been rented to house
male guests overnight.
Southampton Police Chief
Donald J. Finlay said damage
estimates ranged from $4,000
to $4,000. He said that about
80 guests, aged 10 to %. were
brought in for questioning, but
no one was charged. No one
would sign q formal complaint.
The toll included furniture.
chandeliers and 1884 of the
l,640 window panes in the 40
room Ladd House owned by
cotton broker Robert M. Har-
riss.
Furniture Tossed Out
"A lot of the stories about 1t
are exaggerated" said blond
Fernando, granddaughter of
John Wanamaker, department
store magnate. Like this one
about a dining table floating
out to sea. That never hap
pened. They threw all the
furniture out on the beach;
that was what happened"
Fernanda'S stepfather and
mother, Mr.. and Mrs. Donald
Leas, staged an elaborate deb
party for her Saturday night
at their estate, Westerly. at
tended by about 800 guests.
The place was decorated like
the royal gardens Of Versailles.
The society bands Of Les
ter Lanin and Meyer Davis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-04

DETROIT, Sept. 4 (AP).-A
Michigan girl who visited Cuba
despite State Department pro-
tests says ut doesn't hurt to
take a first-hand look at COM
muniSm."
Patricia Ann Sopiak, 90, Of
New Boston, commended yester-
day that the United States
Government ban on visiting
Cuba is a violation of individ-
ual rights.
Il wanted to see what the
revolution was like" she said
on arrival at Detroit after a
two-month trip to the island
with about 60 other American
students. II had read a lot
about it,"
The State Department said
the students passports were
Tentatively withheld" because
of the trip.
Visited Homes
President Kennedy made a
statement in Berlin about how
important is the right to travel
freely" she said. THE Govern
ment's position is hypocritical
if they want to penalize us for
taking this trip"
Patricia wants to speak as
much as possible" about the
trip-about how people live in
Cuba and about visits with the
families of Cuban students. She
took pictures during her trip.
Part of what she will say is
that Cuba's Communist regime
lis there to stay. The socialist
revolution and the leaders are
supported by a majority of the
people"
She described Premier Fidel
Castro as "a tremendously brave.
man and a definitely warm per-
son. I saw him when he was
very relaxed, playing ping
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Premier's Hint

Reports have been circulating
for days that the Russians would
send up q woman cosmonaut In
the near future. And Premier
Khrushchev himself added 10 the
speculation. After he announced
Col. Bykovsky's flight. he was
asked by visiting British Labor
Party Leader Harold Wilson. how
many cosmonauts were up.
"Only one 80 far" Mr.. Khru-
shchev replied.
The purpose Of this latest
launching. according 10 Tass, is 10
continue studies Of the influence
Of various factors OF space flight
on the human body and Of con-
ditions found on a long flight.
one thing about the Russian
feat seemed certain: II II were
q genuine spectacular" n two or
three men or women were sent
into orbit, the big budget Of the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration would have a
smoother flight through an In
creasingly economy-minded Con-
gress.
The Bykovsky orbital trip
began two days after NAsA an
nounced, a. II had been expected
10 do, that II had officially termi-
mated Us Mercury man-in-space
program and would now concern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
THE FOREIGN SCENE.

trats on Project Gemini. . two
n1an-in-one- capsule exercise
which would be the final pre-.
liminary 10 the man-on- the-moon
shot called Project Apollo.
At the same time. the surprise
resignation Of Or. ID. Brainerd
Holmes. NAsAs Director Of
Manned Space Flight, was dis
closed. NAsA said Or. Holmes had
agreed 10 spend two years with
the organization when he Joined
II In 1851. but few observers be-
lieved that that was the entire
story. There appeared TO be q
question Of organizational over
lap. with DR.. Holmes moon pro-
gram being closely overseen--too
closely. some suggest by Associate
Administrator Robert c. Seamans,
who may now become the de facto
Gear" for Apollo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

fess that over the last few years
have been gravely disappointed
with the white moderate. I have
almost reached the regrettable
conclusion that the Negroes
great stumbling block In the stride
toward freedom Is not the White
Citizens Councillor" or the Ku
Klux Klanner, but the white
moderate who Is more devoted to
order" than to. justice; who
prefers q negative peace which Is
the absence Of tension to q posi-
tive peace which Is the presence
Of justice; who constantly says
II agree with you =. In the goal
you seek. but I can't agree with
your methods Of direct action;
who paternalistically feels that he
can set the timetable for another
mans freedom; who lives by the
myth Of time and who constantly
advises the Negro to wait until
a more convenient season."
Shallow understanding from
people Of good will Is more frus-
trating than absolute misunder-
standing from people. Of Ill will.
Lukewarm acceptance is much
more bewildering than outright
rejection.
Criticizes White ModeFotes
had hoped that the white
moderate would understand that
law and order exist for the
purpose Of establishing Justice, and
and that when they fail to do this
they become the dangerously
structured dams that block the
flow Of social progress. ! had
hoped that the white moderate
would understand that the pres
ent tension in the South Is merely
q necessary phase Of the transit
ton from an obnoxious negative
peace. where the Negro passively
accepted his unjust plight, TO q
substance filled positive peace,
where all men win respect the
dignity and worth Of human
personality.
Actually. we who engage In
nonyiolent direct action are not
the creators Of tension. We merely
bring TO the surface the hidden
tension that is already alive. We
bring 1t out In the open where 1t
can be seen and dealt with.
In your statement you asserted
that our actions, even though
peaceful. must be condemned be-
cause they precipitate violence.
But can this assertion be logically
NADER Isn't this like condemning
the robbed man because his pos
session Of money precipitated the
evil act Of robbery
! had also hoped that the white
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

Continued From Page Ell
about IS million. II was the first
time Mr.. Khrushchev has afford
ed Mr.. Kennedy the opportunity
10 communicate 50 directly with
the Russian people since Novern-
Der %. 1861. when Izvestia pub
lished the text Of the Presidents
interview with Alexei I. Adzhubei.
Mr.. Khrushchevs son-in-law and
the editor OF the paper.
But the decision on the printing
Of the Kennedy text may very well
have been tied 10 the Presidents
call for easing the cold war and
new American attitudes toward II
and not 10 anything he said about
nuclear testing.
In the United states Senate.
which must ratify any test ban
treaty with a two-thirds vote.
there was q quick reaction. Demo-
Gratis tended 10 back the President
while Republicans, for the most
part. were critical and fearful that
more concessions are about 10 be
made 10 the Russians.
At . Joint news conference on
Thursday. Senate Minority Leader
Dirksen and his House counter
part. Representative Haileck,
sharply attacked the new strategy
for peace"
The Senator said that the self
imposed moratorium on atmos-
pheric testing Ia grave enough 10
contemplate. but when IL and q
mere scenery shift Of negotiations
from neutral Geneva 70 hostile
Moscow are used 10 ornament q
major change In policy. we are
deeply troubled"
The President a obviously pro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Soviet Space:
New Feat

The Soviet Union on Friday
launched its fifth cOsmonaut
Into an earth orbit. The United
States two days earlier an-
nounced the termination Of its
Mercury man-ln-space program.
For 10 months. the Soviet
Union had done little in is
manned space flight program.
During that time the United
States sent up two astronauts.
Comdr. Walter Schirra and Mai.
Gordon Cooper. Neither came close
10 the Soviet record for time In
orbit by one spaceman--94 hours
and 80 minutes for 81 orbits by
Andrian Nikolayev last August.
Comdr. Schirra went for 9 orbits;
Maj. Cooper for az.
Now, the Soviet Union has put
its fifth cosmonaut. II. Col, valeri
r, Bykovsky, into an earth-gir-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Future at Stake

This concern could be the key
10 Mr.. Macmillan's future In Of
flee. II one or more OF the cabi-
net members should resign, the
Prime Minister would face the
prospects Of . revolt In his own
party when the expected vote Of
confidence Il called In Commons.
perhaps next week.
In the secret meetings held BY
Mr.. Macmillan and the Conserva-
tive leadership. II was undoubtedly
the Prime Minister'S urgent aim
10 keep the cabines In line and
brasen out the test the Labor
Party Ia planning for him start
ms tomorrow.
Some observers feel that Mr..
Macmillan. the genial Scotsman
who must be finding II rather
difficult 10 be genial IN the cir
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

months after the abortive Anglo
French Israeli attack on Egypt.
Last week. Mr.. Macmillan. faced
with q sex and security scandal
involving his recently resigned
Secretary Of State for War, John
Profumo, fought furiously TO keep
his Conservative Party from split
ting apart In a crisis which could
bring about his own early down.
fall.
Persistent reports indicated that
several cabinet ministers are as
concerned over the moral - over
the possible security implications
OF Mr.. Profumos affair with q
London party girl, who 81 the
same time had the Soviet naval
attache - q lover.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

cumstances, has done well In
holding his cabinet together this
long.
The question has arisen: Has
he come to an agreement with
his party to resign after the scan
dial blows over7
It Is known that some Conserv-
atives feel that Mr.. Macmillan
should step down soon enough 20
the Party can give q new leader
q chance TO improve its image
with the voters before the next
general election due ct the latest
In October. 1864.
Mr.. Macmillan's ordeal was not
hghtened any last week with q
new development touching on the
security aspects Of the Profumo
case. A former lawyer for the
party girl. Christine Keeler. said
he was told by his client that
the Soviet naval attache asked
her 10 obtain from Mr.. Profumo
the delivery date Of nuclear war
heads 10 West Germany"
The Macmillan government had
Already been told Of this by the
lawyer In a letter on March 20
last. But the allegations had not
been made public. Once they
we're. they were Immediately chal-
lenged by Miss Keller herself,
through q new attorney. She
said the whole story was false.
The Prime Minister Ia reported
10 have ordered q new inquiry into
this and other security aspects Of
the case. The Labor Party will
concentrate on the security angle
In the debate opening tomorrow
and IL expected 10 demand an Inn
partial. hlgh-level investigation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

the white church and its leader
ship. OF course there are some
notable exceptions.
I had the strange feeling when
was suddenly catapulted into
the leadership Of the bus protest
in Montgomery several years ago
that we would have the support
Of the white church. I felt that
the white ministers. priests and
rabbis Of the South would be
some Of our strongest allies. In
stead, some have been outright
opponents, refusing to under
stand the freedom movement and
incorporating its leaders: all
too many others have been more
cautious than courageous and
have remained silent behind the
anesthetizing security Of stained
glass windows.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Britain:
A PuzzIer

Prime Minister Macmillan
met In urgent sessions last week
with his cabinet and Conserva-
tive Party leaders In an attempt
10 prepare his battle lines for
the House Of Commons debate
tomorrow on the Profume
scandal.
The Right Hon. Harold Mac
milan. MP. came 10 high office
In the wake Of q crisis. He sue
ceeded Prime Minister Anthony
Eden on January 10. 1857. . few
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Moral os Well os Legal

In spite Of my shattered dreams
Of the past. I came to Birming-
ham with the hope that the white
religious leadership Of this COM
munity would see the justice of
our cause and, with deep moral
concern, serve as the channel
through which our Just griev-
ances could get to the power
structure. I had hoped that each
Of you would understand. But
again I have been disappointed.
I have heard numerous reli-
gious leaders Of the South call
upon their worshippers to comply
with a desegregation decision be-
cause 1t is the law, but / have
longed to hear white ministers
say follow this decree because in
tegration is morally right and the
Negro is your brother.
There was q time when the
church was very powerful. 1t was
during that period when the early
Christians rejoiced when they
were deemed worthy to suffer for
what they believed. In those days
the church was not merely q
thermometer that recorded the
ideas and principles Of popular
opinion; 1t was q thermostat that
transformed the mores of society.
Things are different now. The
contemporary church is so often
q weak, Intellectual voice with an
uncertain sound. 1t Is 50 often
the arch-supporter Of the status
quo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

ceeding one step at q time and is
not yet overly concerned With the
attitude Of the Senate. But II he
does persuade the Russians TO ac-
cept what he regards as q treaty
with vital and responsible safe
guards" he still will have diff
Guilty getting the pact approved.
As OF right now. the consensus Is
that II the Russians agreed TO even
seven on-site inspections. Mr.. Ken
nedy would not be able 10 con-
vince two thirds Of the Senate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

aration. Isn't segregation an
existential expression Of mans
tragic separation. an expression
Of his awful enhancement, his
terrible sinfulness? So can urge
men to obey the 1854 decision
Of the Supreme Court because 1t
is morally right, and / can urge
them to disobey segregation or
dinances because they are morally
wrong.
There are some instances when q
law is Just on its face but unjust in
Its application. For instance,
was arrested Friday on q charge
Of parading without q permit
Now there is nothing wrong with
an ordinance which requires. a
permit for q parade, but when
the ordinance Is used to preserve
segregation and to deny citizens
the First Amendment privilege Of
peaceful assembly and peaceful
protest, then 1t becomes unjust.
DisObeY Unjust Lows Lovingly
I hope you can see the distinc-
ton I am trying to point out. In
no sense do I advocate evading
or defying the law as the rabid
segregationist would do. This
would lead to anarchy. One who
breaks an unjust law must do It
openly, lovingly. and with q will
ingness to accept the penalty. I
submit that an individual who
breaks q law that conscience
tells him is unjust, and willingly
accepts the penalty by staying In
jail to arouse the conscience Of
the community over its injustice,
Is In reality expressing the very
highest respect for law.
OF course there is nothing new
about this kind Of civil disobedi-
ence. 1t was seen sublimely In
the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach
and Abednego to obey the laws
Of Nebuchadnezzar because q
higher moral law was involved.
1t was practiced s1perbly by the
early Christians who were willing
10 face hungry lions and the ex-
cruciating pain Of chopping
blocks. before submitting TO GER
tain unjust laws Of the Roman
Empire. To a degree academic
freedom Is q reality today be,
cause Socrates practiced civil dis
obedience.
We can never forget that every
thing Hitler did in Germany was
legal and everything the Hun
garian freedom fighters did in
Hungary was illegal"
must make two honest con-
LESSONS 10 you, my Christian and
Jewish brothers. First / must con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Breaking Of Unjust Lows

You express q great deal Of
anxiety over our willingness to
break laws. This Is certainly q
legitimate concern. Since we so
diligently urge people to obey the
Supreme Courts decision Of 1854
outlawing segregation In the pub
lie schools, 1t is rather strange
and paradoxical to find US con-
sciously breaking laws. One may
well ask, How can you advocate
breaking some laws and obeying
others?" The answer is found in
the fact that there are two types
Of laws: There are Just laws and
there are unjust laws. / would
be the first to advocate obeying
Just laws. One has not only q
legal but moral responsibility to
obey Just laws. Conversely. one
has q moral responsibility to dis
obey unjust laws. would agree
with Saint Augustine that can un-
Just law Is no law at all"
Now what Is the difference be-
tween the two7 How does one de-
termine when a law Is Just or un-
Just? A Just law is q man-made
code that squares with the moral
law or the law Of God. An unjust
law Is q code that Is out Of har-
mony with the moral law. To put
1t in the terms Of Saint Thomas
Aquinas, an unjust law Is q hu.
man law that Is not rooted in
eternal and natural law. Any law
that uplifts human personality Is
just. Any law that degrades hui
man personality Is unjust. All
segregation statutes are unjust
because segregation distorts the
soul and damages the person.
atty. So segregation Is not only
politically. economically and So
ciologically unsound, but It Is
morally wrong and sinful. Paul
Tillich has said that sin Is sep
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Seeks to creots Crises

You may well ask. why direct
action7 Why sit-ins, marches,
etc.2 Isn't negotiation q better
path7" You are exactly right In
your call for negotiation. Indeed.
this Is the purpose Of direct ac-
ton. Nonviolent direct action
seeks to create such q crisis and
establish such creative tension
that a community that has con-
stantly refused to negotiate Il
forced TO confront the issue. II
seeks so to dramatic the issue
that It can no longer be ignored.
I Just referred to the creation Of
tension as q part Of the work
Of the nonviolent resister. This
may sound rather shocking. But
I must confess that ! am not
afraid Of the word tenLion. I
have earnestly worked and
preached against violent ten5ion.
but there Is q type Of construc-
tive nonviolent tension that n
necessary for growth. Just a.
Socrates felt that II vas recess
sary 10 create q tension In the
mind 80 that individuals could
rise from the bondage Of myths
and half-truths TO the unfettered
realm OF creative analysis and OBJ
jective appraisal. we must see the
need Of having nonviolent CAD
flies 10 create the kind OF ten
sion IN society that viii help men
rise from the dark depths Of
prejudice and racism o the ma
jestic heights Of understanding.
and brotherhood.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

ding flight and he may be on the
way 10 set q new endurance mark.
He also may be Joined by At least
one more spaceman-or even 4
spacewoman = before he comes
back 10 earth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

had hoped that the white
moderate would see this. Maybe
I was too optimistic. Maybe I ex-
pected too much. guess should
have realized that few members
Of . race that has oppressed an
other race can understand or APP
rebate the deep groans and pas
sionate yearnings of those that
have been oppressed, and still
fewer have the vision TO see that
Injustice must be rooted out by
strong, persistent and determined
action. I am thankful. however,
that some Of our white brothers
have grasped the meaning Of this
social revolution and committed
themselves to Il.
Let me rush on to mention my
other disappointment. ! have
been 50 sreatly disappointed with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Kings chorsss

In any nonviolent campaign
there are four basic steps: ID col
lection Of the facts to determine
whether injustices are alive; (2)
negotiation; CD self-purification,
and "a direct action. We have
gone through all Of these steps
In Birmingham. There can be no
gainsaying Of the fact that racial
Injustice engulfs this community.
Birmingham is probably the most
thoroughly segregated city In the
United States. It's ugly record Of
police brutality is known in every
section Of this country. Its unjust
treatment Of Negroes In the
courts is q notorious reality
There have been more unsolved
bombings Of Negro homes and
churches In Birmingham than
any city in this Nation. These
are the hard, brutal and un.
believable facts. On TIE basis Of
these conditions Negro leaders
sought to negotiate With the city
fathers. But the political leaders
consistently refused to engage In
good faith negotiation.
Then came the opportunity last
September to talk with some of
the leaders Of the economic COM
munity. In these negotiating ses-
sions certain promises were made
by, the nierchants-such as the
premise to remove the humiliat-
ing racial signs from the stores.
As the weeks and months un-
folded we realized that we were
the victims Of q broken promise.
The signs remained. As ia so
many experiences Of the past we
were confronted with blasted
hopes, and the dark shadow Of q
deep disappointment settled upon
US. So we had no alternative ex-
cept that Of preparing for direct
action, whereby we would present
our very bodies as q means Of
laying our case before the con-
science Of the local and national
community.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Comparison With Africans

So the purpose Of the direct
action Is 10 create q situation
50 criSis-packed that II vii. In
evitably open the door 10 nego-
tiation. We, therefore. concur
with you in your call for nego-
tiation.
We know through painful ex-
perience that freedom Is never
voluntarily given by the Jppres.
sor; Il must be demanded by the
oppressed. Frankly I have never
yet engaged In q direct action
movement that was well timed"
according 10 the timetable Of
those who have not suffered un-
duly from thJ disease Of segrega-
ton. For years now I have heard
the word "Waiti" II rings In the
ear Of every Negro with Q pierc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Too optimistiei

Maybe again I have been too
optimistic. Is organized religion
too inextricably bound to the
status quo to save our Nation and
the world7 Maybe / must turn my
faith to the inner spiritual
church, the church within the
church. as the true ecclesia and
the hope Of the world. But again
I am thankful to God that some
noble souls from the ranks Of or
ganized religion have broken
loose from the paralyzing chains
Of conformity and Joined us as
active partners in the struggle
for freedom.
II ! have said anything in this
letter that is an overstatement of
the truth and is indicative Of an
unreasonable impatience, I beg
you TO forgive me. II / have said
anything In this letter that Is
an understatement Of the truth
and Is indicative Of my having a
patience that makes me patient
with anything less than brother
hood. ! beg God to forgive me.
Yours for the cause Of
peace and brotherhood.
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR