davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-02-28

I1dC pfODlem COIlCeFIlS JnC
organization which groups all
member states of the Monrovia
group, and the Casablanca group,
if the latter agrees to join in the
work of solidifying African unity.
The organization was first pro-
posed by Liberia in draft charter
submitted to the first Afro-Mal-
agasy summit in Lagos in January,
1862. Last December, after several
discussions, amendments and furth-
er suggestions, foreign ministers Of
member nations Of the Monrovia
Powers, in a meeting in Lagos,
signed the Charter, which became
known as the Lagos Charter.
Seek Name For Group
The first indication that the var
ious leaders were working earnest
ly on the problem Of a name for
the organization was indicated last
January II at the weekly press
conference given by President Will
liam v. s. Tubman. He said that
the upcoming Adds Ababa sum-
NIT would try to resolve the three
different views on African unity
the United States Of Africa, the
Federation Of African States, and
the Association Of African States.
No Clear Cut Agreement Yet
All are agreed that some form
Of unity is necessary, but there is
no clear-cut agreement on how
far this unity should go. There
are those who are opposed to a
United States of Africa. One such
opponent to the idea, who rather
favors a loose" Association of
African States, is T. o. S. Benson,
Nigerian Minister of Information.
Recently, Benson aired his views
on the subject, saying, Much as it
is desirable to achieve unity, I
think other important factors must
take precedence over the realiza-
ton of this objective.
Speedy Means OF Communication
Naodad
Africans must first understand
each other culturally, and speedy
means Of communications and &C.
onomic cooperation among African
states are fundamental issues
which should be achieved before
the realization of such unity"
Benson also pointed out a dang
er in forming a political union, in
that IF there were such a union,
the whole Of the nations compris-
ing 1t would only have one vote in
the United Nations, as against the
present position where each Afri-
can member-nation has a vote"
Language, Financial Barriers?
Another view was expressed re-
Gently by DR.. Clarence L. Simp-
son, former vice president and
former Secretary Of State Of the
Republic of Liberia. He said that
he did not visualize African unity,
because of the linguistic, financial
and group barriers.
United African Continent "Day
Dream"
Africa, under one flag, one gov
ernment and one President, is Just
day dream. I cannot see political
unity among the independent Afri-
can states because countries like
Ghana, Sierra Leone and Tangan-
yika belong to the British Com
monwealth, while some like Ivory
Coast and Senegal hold affiliatioh
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-02-28

the quota and pays tariffs on
low duty items such as tram
sistor radios at 1914 Ro). Every
member of the family, includ-
ing infants, is entitled to the
500 exemption once every 80
days.
A favorite shopping stop for
Caribbean cruise ships, Curacao
is only a jet-hop from the
mainland. 1t offers eager
American bargin-hunters
goods at much lower prices
than he is accustomed to. A fine
camera, with a years guaran-
tee, priced at $4,000 in the
U. s., may be purchased in one
Of Willemstad's air-conditioned
shops for $50 plus $12 tariff,
If declared in excess Of quota.
Bargain-hunting can be fun
in a foreign land-for the trav-
eler with q shoppers eye for
values and knowledge OF the
customs rules.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-02-28

The No. 2, leader among tho
AbOIitiOnists was Wendell Phillips,
whose biographers claim II he had
been interested in some other cause
than emancipation and freedom for
Negroes, would have been known
to history as the superior Of Pitt,
Sheridan, or Burke. Phillips work
helped speed the final US. decision
on slavery.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-02-28
Next Moy...
Ethiopia To Be Host
To Summit Meeting
Independent African Nations
Next Moy
BY James v. Clinton and David A. Talbot

Adds Ababa (ANP)-Whle architects, carpenters
contractors and agents busy preparing the city for the
Conference of African and Maagas Heads States scheduled
be convened Africa House in May the leaders of the
ons participating in the summit mung big prob
lem that has plagued them since the first meeting in Monrova
in May, 1861
That problem concerns the official be given the
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-02-28

. Ono hundred lincoln sold "A nutIon
s
Presidents Emancipation the hundred
disnifisd expectation
Of the Emancipation
sdVeGtion
Even today thinking
people of the United recognized
enough. II both fuith M ssds
Over in ST. Paul q Sunday afternoon
before assembled Of Negroes made this
approaching
your souI but hut yet
fulfill Presidents
tuition
HhOt oil born free and equal
struggle would be the failure Of works and
deeds you provo your right be md
Cherries LIloY horn
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19

In l843, Sir Henry Cole, a busy
English missionary" of culture,
hit upon the idea of sending out
little missives at Christmas. John
Calcott Horsley of the Royal
Academy, famous for his cam,
paign against nude art, designed
the cards and Sir Henry sent out
1000 to friends.
II wasn't until the early 1860's
that cards were issued for gen
eral distribution by a large Eng,
lish publishing company.
Christmas greetings were intro,
duced into the United States by
the Marcus Card company OF
London. They became popular
Immediately, and in 1874 Louis
Prang, a German immigrant
started a Christmas card business
at Roxbury. Mass.
At the turn of the century, he
ceased publishing rather than
compete with imports flooding
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19

ing a Christmas card and repro
duclng it on pieces of pasteboard
for the public to buy.
Egley's card showed a family
Christmas dinner formal dance,
skating, carolcrS, almsgiving, a
Punch and Judy show and other
aspects of celebration resem-
bling the one in Charles Dickens
The Christmas Carol" pub
lished a few years previously.
Unfortunately, Egley's friends
were not enthusiastic about his
idea.
The daddy" Of all holiday
cards was designed and etched
in 1912 by J. A. BOerner, a young
LOndOner, who wanted to apollo
gize to friends for his failure TO
pay a New Years Day visit. Mr..
Bocrner's card made it clear he
was tied to his home by depict
ing him with his coat caught in
the locked doorway of his house.
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19

the market. For the next decade
or so the custom of exchanging
cards fell out of fashion.
Only after World War One did
American manufacturers begin
TO achieve success in the card
business. Then inexpensive print
ing and lithographing processes
brought Christmas cards within
everyone's reach.
Despite its relatively recent
start in this country, the custom
has caught the fancy of the
American public to the extent
that it sends billions of Christ
mas cards every year, according
to Mrs. Peggy Gilbert of Nor,
cross, Inc.
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19
Christmas Sfockinq

Story of the first Christmas
stocking is associated with the
real ST. Nicholas, a fourth cen
tury bishop known for his many
kind deeds. Wishing to present
an anonymous gift to help the
daughters Of an impoverished
merchant, he threw a bag of
gold down the chimney, where
it fell into a stocking hung up
to dry.
The legend is reflected in to-
days custom of tucking gold
an orange or tangerine-iLto
the toe of a Christmas stocking.
See Us For Job PrintinO
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19

Secular and religious Christ
mas customs met in the old Eng
lish kissing bunch" This ever
green ball had mistletoe, for kiss
ing. hung from the center.
But it also contained small
dolls to represent Jesus, Mary
and Joseph, as well as an array
of fruits and colorful ornaments.
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19
AT THE ROUND TABLE

Traditionally, the first Christ
mas feast in England was held at
the Round Table of King Arthur.
While the specific date is unde-
termined, references to the ia
nous king in medieval legends
have been traced back to as
early as 600 A. D.
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19
Pictorial Greeting Cards Bring Original
Scenes To Many Far off Countries

ui.Iu over a century old.
In l848 William Nav Egley, a
Starving" young English artist.
came up with the idea of design
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22
Northern Virginia Daily
If You Get That Feelino.

NEXT time you get the feeling that
maybe, after all, we are getting a
little too tough with the Russians and
that we should trust them more, send
to Washington for copy of the infor
NATIVE Z. S. Senate study Soviet Poll
teal Treaties and Violatons". This
noteworthy document is the work of the
Internal Security subcommittee of the
Saith Congress-
The study shows that of nearly 1000
treaties and agreements made by the
Soviet Union with all countries the So
viets have broken their word in virtual
ly every country. 1t proves, if proof is
needed, that the Soviees keep no internA-
tional agreements unless it is clearly to
their advantage to do so. A perfidious
record indeed =
The Kremlin teaches lying and de-
ception as way of political life With
out any moral conjunction it holds
that the breaking Of solemn agreements
is justified if it serves the state The
next time you feel sense of oneness
with the Russians remember this.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22

desire to do so has been implanted in
them can they be taught to grow be-
yond the need Of charity.
An American missionary in Korea in
a report to his superiors in the United
States says this: 1.-The Korean people
are aware that something is wrong.
America is giving them too much-that
is we are not giving wisely. Some of our
giving reflects Pollyanna compulsion
to do good. Some of our giving springs
out OF a4fear Of being friendless in a
Jealous world. Some of our giving has
Its source in genuine desire to share
what we have with others who have so
much less, like the CT and the choco-
late bar he gives to the shoeshine bow
at the gate
But there is an unfolding at our
very doors of the bitterness of a peo-
pie who are weary of being always on
the receiving end and vet are not aware
of the reason for their own bitterness.
Much of our giving has become produc-
tive only of resentment and lack of self
reliance"
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22
Gratitude

THERE is a perverse trait in human
beings that very often impels them
to turn against their benefactors. Some
one who had spent his life in doing
good has said, Il have always tried to
help the underdog and the underdog
never failed to turn about and bite me-"
That is what America has experience
ed and is still experiencing as she
spends billion Of dollars extracted
from the pockets of American taNpay-
ers.
Long before World War II Russia was
saved from starvation by the United
States through the leadership of Her
bert Hoover, and Russia is still biting
and kicking
Shortly after World War II the Unit
ed States undertook the task of saving
the entire world from poverty and
llliteracy, in the belief that in this way
Communism would be stopped from
spreading over the globe
That belief is still furnishing the OBJ
Ject of our spending billions of dollars
for foreign aid. And the more we spend
on it, the greater is the spread Of Com
munlsm. There is an end even to the
material wealth Of our nation. We can
not possibly hope to feed the entire
world. The population Of the world is
twenty times greater than that of the
United States, and 50 there is very lit
tie we can do to assist the world by
merely sharing our wealth. This does
not mean that we shall make no at
tempt to feed the hungry But if we
think that by feeding them we shall have
their gratitude we are very likely to be
disappointed.
The acceptance Of aid by nations or
individuals carries with it a certainty
of admission of an inferiority to the
helper. That feeling naturally leads to
resentment and bitterness rather than
gratitude
There is another danger of too-easy
charity to those in need Not only is
the recipient very likely to slcken his
own efforts to supply his own needs !;
he may also react with resentment,
pique and hatred for the donor.
What must be done to help the hum
CRY world is somehow or other to make
the backward nations of the world want
to help themselves. Only after great
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22

Governor Romney Of Michigan,
formerly President of American
Motors RAMBLER Co.. said in
his inaugural address.
Look at the Record
When President Kennedy took
office. the Dow -Jones Industrial
Average was around $50. Then
it was manipulated to over 700,
after which came the big break
OF May %, 1862. The market
had gone up from around 275-
300 during the Eisenhower Adj
ministration With the Presi-
dents father "Old Joe" now
putting his money into real es-
tate (Which is much better tax
wise for Trusts, most business
men feel that both the stock
market and general business
will decline in 1868.
Without doubt the Cuban
situation helped the President
last year. I believe he is sure
to be a shrewd enough politician
to keep Cuba in the news until
after the election in 1864. This,
along with a tax cut whic h
Congress will probably pass in
1868 to take effect January l,
1854. should re-elect President
Kennedy in November 1854. But
this is no time to talk about
1854. My interest today is in
discussing business in 1868 and
my reasons for forecasting a
decline To repeat: The real
reason is the attitude of the
Presidents brother Robert, who
should interpret the Anti Trust
laws so they can be used CO.
operatively to develop foreign
trade abroad. This is what 1868
lacks. Business leaders are scar
ed.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22
7. coIemon Andrews
Moving Up

Each time congress opens it's
doors for another 60 at restrict
ing the liberties of the people,
a question arises: How far will
they 60 this time? Farther than
last time? Or not so far?
Put another way, today, peo-
pie are wondering if the 88th
Congress will enact more or
less left-Wing legislation that did
its predecessor.
The short answer: Probably
less.
Why this is so takes a bit
more telling.
AS may be recalled, Republi-
can Eisenhower went through
his second term faced by a
Decorate Congress. AS federal
ludgeships fell vacant, through
death or resignation, Eisen-
hover, as was his duty. nomi-
mated successors. Before his
term expired there we're about
so such nominations before the
Senate Judiciary Committee but
It took no action. 1t never did,
not SO long as Eisenhower was
in office.
The Democrats who controlled
the committee, you see, played
against the possibility the Re
publican, Eisenhower, would be
succeeded by a Democrat. If
so. and if the Democrats had
failed to confirm Eisenhower S
nominations. they would have
all those goodies for themselves
And that is precisely what
happened.
Consequently, following Ken
nedys election, whenever a
Democratic Congressman chok
ed on trying to swallow the pro
gram of the New Frontier, when
ever a critical vote was needed,
the Administration had a ready
answer: A federal judgeship for
his vote. Why not? Either a
judgeship or some other thing of
tangible. political value. For in
stance, one Southern Senator
historically opposed to Foreign
Aid. supported the Aid program
last year on the promise an
army camp in his state would
be reopened. 1t was.
Such patronage is gone, now,
or the most of it; the judges are
judging and the camps are OPP
Grating.
Which is the principal reason
the going will be tougher for
Kennedy; what legislation the
Administration got through the
97th Congress, in the main, did
not succeed on merit. Horse
Continued on page 81
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22
Babson Discusses What 1863 Lacks

BABSON PARK. MASS, Jan.
II - l have been criticized for
forecasting a moderate decline
in 1863. l admit that most Of
the forecasts by others have
been for good business lat
least as good and probably much
better in 1858" l sincerely hope
that they are right and I am
wrong.
My wise father many times
said to me. Roger. it is wrong
for YOU to mislead others who
really have confidence in you.
Tell them that you do not know
If you wish; but when you make
a statement be sure you have
the reasons therefor. H nc e
this week l will give you two
reasons for my doubts about
1858:
"a Unemployment is sure to
increase during 1858; those en-
ployed. who, statistics show.
Should be more numerous in
1859 will not get overtime work.
This means they will not have
SO much "take-home" pay. The
government figures for employ
ment and unemployment are
very tricky. Actually. the gov
eminent should make only one
computation in this whole area; ;
namely, the total take home pay
of all wageworkers.
90 An important second rea-
son is that employers do no t
know how President Kennedy
really feels toward the nation S
business leaders We know he is
surrounded by a group of very
liberal advisers mostly COL
lege professors who have been
dependent on endowed funds for
their salaries. Very few of them
have ever been obliged to earn
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22

a living" as most readers have.
Furthermore. the President him.
self is a very rich man enjoy
ing trust funds set up by his
father. Joseph P. Kennedy, who
is said to be worth over $780,
100000. In addition, the Presi-
dent knows that business lead
ers are in the great minority in
terms of prospective votes;
wageworkers not in business for
themselves represent the bi
majority.
Importance Of Larger Exports,
The government is constantly
urging manufacturers to install
new machinery and increase
production. With the present ex-
cess of commodities, this means
We must develop more foreign
trade. To do this efficiently our
manufacturers should be en-
couraged to combine to form
trade associations. They now do
not dare to do this for fear that
the Presidents brother, Robert,
who is Attorney General. will
prosecute them under the Anti
Trust laws These outdated laws
should either be relaxed to meet
present foreign-trade needs or
else be amended so that they
will apply also to labor unions.
Europe's Common Market"
not only encourages the manu-
facturers of one industry to
work together, but also those of
several different countries. La
Dor unions are encouraged, but
are treated as these other as
sociations are treated. The Com
mon Market was created to en-
courage cooperation Mn direct
contrast to what our Administra-
ton at Washington is now do
ing. Readers should note what
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22

ports we are broadcasting about
an opening Of an art exhibit in
Washington or a play on Braod-
way"
Rooney reported that V.O.A.
broadcastS to Cuba are just as
inadequate.
If the U. S. has a message
for the Cuban people, he said,
and | fervently hope we have
one then l can tell you frank
" that we certainly are not get
ting it across in most Voice of
America Ibroadcasts to Cuba.
From the scripts I have read,
you can't tell whether we are
fer or against Castro, or whether
we do or do not have a policy of
helping the Cuban people to get
rid of him. Our message is in
coherent and confusing.
Representative Rooney warn
ed Secretary RuSk that USIA
Director MurroW would face
sharp grilling on these programs
during committee hearings on
his budget. Rusk promised to
personally look into Rooney S
caustic complaints.
While in Pollard. Rooney was
told by Catholic Church leaders:
If it weren't for geography
the Polish people would rise up
tomorrow and join the West.
The presence of Soviet troorS
on both sides Of our country is
the only thing keeping the Com
ulka regime in power
WASHINGTON FLASHES =
With an eye toward his political
4 future, Assistant Senate Demo
cratic Leader Hubert Humphrey.
MINI. has decided to seek the
Guardianship Of the Senate
Democratic Campaign Commit
tee. AS head of this money
raising committee Humphrey
believes he would be in q strong
position to build up his stand
ing with party leaders, as Vice
! Pre- ident Lyndon johnson did in
1860. S n a or Frank Church,
Idaho, and Senator Claiborne
Pen. R. l., who claims White
House support, also are after
this coveted job. OF the trio,
Senator Humphrey is deemed
the favorite because of his sen
lorlty. Senator Vance Hartke,
Ind, is giving up the chairman
ship because he is up for re-
/ election in 1864 When it
comes to putting a ceiling on the
tax the individual pays. there
isn't too great a difference be-
tween President Kennedy and
former President Eisenhower.
Kennedy favorS a reduction from
| the present 80 per cent ceiling
to SIS per cent. Eisenhower wants
it cut to so per cent. Both are
actively promoting their views
among members of their parties.
An economic blockade of East
Germany, which would include
maritime boycott, will be
staged by the International Con
federation of Free Trade IN
ions if Premier Khrushchev de-
cides to exert any new pres
sure on the West to give up its
hold on West Berlin. According
to information given the Senate
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22
The Allen-Scott Report
Voice BrOadcasts To Poland, Cuba
Missing Their Audience. Rep Rooney Charges
BY Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott

WASHINGTON, Jan. 14-VGce
of America broadcastS being
beamed to satellites Poland and
Cuba are missing their targets
The U. S. radio programs are
largely Intellectual, are high
flown and attracting small aud
fences, and are aimed at the
wrong people in both Of these
Communist countries.
The heavily high-broW con
tents of the broadcasts have lit
tie appeal to the millions OF
workers and farmers who must
be reached if President Ken
nedy's announced policy Of
changing Communist nations
through evolution is to succeed
That is the harsh report made
to Secretary Dean Rusk by Rep
resentative John j. Rooney. D.
NY. chairman of the House Ap-
preparations Subcommittee that
handles V.OA. funds.
Comforting with the State De
partment chief following a per
sonal overseas inspection trip
Rooney urged that USIA Direct
or Edward MurroW be directed
to make a number of major
changes in V.O.A. broadcasts to
these Soviet satellites. Also to
shake up the personnel handling
the programs.
The Voice of America is
beaming the wrong programs to
the wrong people in Poland and
Cuba" Rooney bluntly told
Rusk. Because of the content,
nobody but intelectuals and
Communist PARTY officials listen
to the programs
Relating his recent experience
in Poland, Rooney reported that
while there he learned that the
majority Of people listen to the
Britizh Broadcasting Corporation
and the U. S. Armed Forces Ra-
dio in Europe rather than V.O.A.
Voice Of America broadcasts
are going right over the heads
OF most Poles, )" Rooney said
Few Of the people listen to
V.O.A. because its programs
contain too much art and cul-
ture, and not enough hard
news
WANT THE FACTs-Repre-
sentative Rooney pointed out to
Rusk that the U. S. is missing
a tremendous opportunity by not
using the Voice of America to
keep the Polish people informed
Of world events.
The Communist party in Po-
land is at its lowest ebb." de-
clared Rooney. II was told that
its membership is closer to 700
900 than the Is million they
claim. Now is the time we
should be getting our message
across to the Polish people. The
Poles are starved for accurate
information on US. and Soviet
relations, and what this country
is doing to help people fight
Communism throughout tn &
world.
That is the type of news we
should be broadcasting to Po-
land every day. This is what
the Poles are anxious to hear.
They don't want to hear the re-
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-22

-------------.------ NEW COLUMN ------------
The AIIen-Scott Report
BY Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott

Robert S Allen, 63. native of Latona, Ky, born
newspaperman. enlisted in army l6. veteran World
War l., graduated at University of Wisconsin, chief
Washington Bureau. Christian Science Monitor. at &c.
lost his right in action World War H. author
cOlumnist. lecturer, has teamed with Paul Scott &c.
native of Greeley, Neb graduate Of Monmouth College
ILL.,. and University Of Nebraska veteran in World
War H. veteran Washington correspondent to produce
The Allen-Scott Report We hope Herald readers will
enjoy this column.