davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
TRANSIT

Continued From Page Al
line imposed by Congress lover
the strong protests, 1t should
be noted. Of many streetcar
fans. some Of whom have quit
riding transit rather than use
what they consider an inferior
service).'
Service Called Adequate"
Mr.. Chalk now claims that
he has oven Washington more
than the good transportation
system" desired by Congress in
writing his franchise. He h a S
called it sthe most modern and
aesthetically pleasing all-bus
transit system in the world"
and second to none. be 1t pri-
vately or municipality owned"
The most recent independent
cvaluation Of bus service in
the Washington Metropolitan
Area. a 1862 General Services
Administration study Of Gov
eminent employee transit riding
habits In the Washington Met
ropolitan area, said that the
service within a five-mile ra-
dius Of downtown - the area
principally served by D. c.
Transit - is generally "ade-
quate."
Service is a difficult COM
modify TO measure precisely. If
judged by rider acceptance, the
record indicates that d. c.
TraI sit has been losing pas
scngers but more than holding
It's own against the downward
trend for urban transit. Bus
riding here has slipped about
three per cent from 1857 TO
1852 while nationally the drop
has been about IL per cent.
In general. the city Is well
covered by bus service. al
though complaints from riders
in Southwest. Northeast and
some sections Of Iar North
west indicate more non-rush
hour service Is desired. TIL g
GSA survey indicate that
about half Of the $4,000 Gov
eminent employees living In the
District who were surveyed took
the bus all or part Of the way
10 work. OF the approximately
$4,000 who came by auto, more
than rs per cent said that
they could take the bus. The
most frequently cited reasons
for not doing so we're unable
10 get q seat" and excessive
Wait at boarding point"
A team OF Star staff men,
bers observing both morning
and evening rush hour service
ole day recently at about one
dozen locations .eund some ev-
idence 10 back UP 'hese rider
complaints. For instance:
Buses Often Full
At Sixteenth and r streets
NV, between 1880 and 9:3C
am. about 65 per cent Of the
Federal Triangle-bound busel
were either too full 10 stop OF
had standing room only wher
they arrived at the stop. About
40 per rent Of the buses passed
the stop because they were full
or limited" express bu
At Seventeenth and I streets
NV, from 4:30 10 5:45 pm.
about AZ per cent Of the Chev!
Chase-bound buses were 10,
full 10 stop or had standing
room only.
At Fourteenth and ! street.
NV. between 5 and $3.50 pm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03

Englewood schools were de-
segregated before the 1864 Su-
preme Court decision. But
since, there have been protests,
off Ind on, from the Negroes
about segregation brought
about by school district lines.
The school population is about
81 per cent Negro.
The city eliminated its pre-
dominantly Negro junior high
school about six years ago and
now has one junior high which
is about 40 per cent Negro.
1t has only one senior high
school. which Is about rs per
cent Negro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
favored. special treatment.
Some Of them think EngIewood
will begin to slide downhill II
the Negro demands are met.
And though some whites, per-
haps a large number. are in
sympathy with the detectives Of
the Negroes, the white COM
munity seems to be nearly
unanimous in condemning the
tactics being used.
Nor is the Negro community
completely united behind the
protest demonstrations which
have kept the community
stirred up for more than q
year.
Focal Point
The Negro president Of the
school board, who has been
called an Uncle Tom" by lead
ers Of the sit-in movement, said
he believes Englewood has been
picked and is being used by
somebody as Q sort of guinea
pig" He didn't identify the
somebody.
The elementary schools are
the focal point Of the struggle
In Englewood.
The sore spot with the Ne
groes is the Lincoln School, os-
tensibly desegregated but in
fact nearly 80 per cent Negro.
The reason for this "de facto"
segregation is that elementary
schools are set UP on a neigh
borhood basis and the Lin
coin School is in the heart Of
q Negro residential area.
The Negro demonstration
leaders claim, and their conten-,
ton is supported by the sup
erintendent of schools, that Sc
gregated schools, de facto or
otherwise, are detrimental to
the students attending them.
The Negro leaders have not
laid out a plan they want the
city to follow but they want
something done to correct what
they call the racial imbal-
ance" in the schools.
Testing Ground
They look upon Englewood
as a testing ground in the fight
TO break down de facto segre-
CATION in the North.
While the schools are the TO-
cal point of the unrest, the
struggle goes beyond them.
Lincoln School is just the
manifestation Of the problem
IN the North" said Paul B..
zuber, a Negro attorney from
New York who has been a
leader in the direct action
movement. Were looking for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03

fit of them nor has it distrib-
uted them evenly over the var
ious routes.
The P. u. c.. for instance,
ordered the company in 1860
not to use more than IL per
cent of the new air-conditioned
buses on any one day for sight
seeing and. charter trips. T h e
company had given assurances
that none would be used for
this non-mass transit business
during the rush hours. The
p. U. c. found, before issuing
its order, that during a two
week period 70.6 per cent Of
charter and sightseeing trips
within the morning r'Isf hours
were assigned air-Conditioned
equipment.
This past April, the WMATC,
which left the P. U. c. order in
effect, found the company was
exceeding the IL per cent limit.
The company has promised to
comply. a WMATc spokesman
said.
The Star investiga tt o n
showed that on the day approx
Iimately 20 routes were checked,
the percentage Of newer buses
on each ranged from a low of
seven to a high Of 7C rer cent,
II the 430 new buses were
spread evenly, each line would
have about 80 per cent.
When shown the figures, the
WMATC engineer said: 1T
shouldn't be that way. I'm glad
to know these things. Well
check up on It," He said the
commission had received one
complaint from a Negro that
he was being Disseminated
against because on his lin q
people weren't getting GOOD
equipment" The company wa'
contacted, he said, and the
complainant indicated thai
everything was now satisfac-
tory"
There are many more factors
In service than those discussed
here, of course. Even with the
best buses, the rider may moi
tolerate q slow bus ride II HI
can get TO the office quicker By
car.
Would Limit Autos
Mr. Chalk has unsuccessful.
lly sought greater restriction
on automobiles. such as more
express lanes and no parking
zones. so that public transpor'
tation can move faster. Citl
officials may have been guilty
OF dragging their feet on somt
OF his proposals. He has &C.
cused past District Commits
sioners OF "vagueness" anc
traffic authorities Of negative
attitude In responding 10 his
ideas.
In one scheme, he woulC
limit the entry OF private car
into the downtown area u
three days q week only. ex'
cept for those bearing specia
licenses for emergencies. ThiI
led a Congressman 10 reply:
II think that II would be I
very difficult thing for an!
agency or any authority o
Government 10 determine VIII,
should have q right Ito drive,
and who shouldn't"
Mr.. Chalk admitted hi
scheme would make a lot o
people unhappy" but that SOM
day, q few years or 10 year
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Good WIN Missing

With parades of buses COM
plete with bands and pretty
girls, radio jingles, brighter col
ors on buses. and other de-
vices, Mr.. Chalk has won a
reputation for what one mag
azine termed flair"
There Is also evidence of
more lasting measures Of good
will. A General Services Ad-
ministration spokesman praised
the company for its co-opera-
ton in extending express bus
service TO many Government
buildings and putting up route
maps in others.
However, some Of the COM
pany's responses TO suggestions
from the general riding public
do not appear calculated to
win good will. One irate rider
wrote the WMATC that when
he suggested extension of a bus
route in Southwest. a company
representative told him on the
phone that he should wait
until Mr.. Chalk had construct
ed his own high rise apart
ments Gin SOUTHWEST at which
time he would surely take care
Of his own"
The Star found the d. c.
Transit information number
frequently responds with a re-
corded announcement that the
lines are busy and refers the
called to a route map in the
yellow pages Of the telephone
book. In checks at various
times on various days. 1t took
two to eight minutes TO reach
an operator. The map to which
the caller is repeatedly referred
by the recorded announcement
contains no schedules and re.
quires an intimate knowledge Of
Washington's streets TO deci-
pher.
Tomorrow: The rewards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
BY the Associated Press

The Supreme Court agreed
today, with major modifica-
tons, to a special masters
recommendation siding with
Arizona in its 40-year contro-
versy with California over
water rights in the Colorado
River.
The court, in an opinion on
which there were three partial
dissents, disagreed with the
master on some questions and
did not rule on others in the
complicated litigation.
It said that, rather than
adopt the masters decree with
amendments, it would allow
the litigants until September
Is to submit recommended de-
crees TO carry out the courts
52-page opinion. It said If the
recommendations arc not filed
it will enter its own decree al
the next term Of court begin
ming in october.
Masters Opinion
The high court agreed with
the masters opinion that Cali
fornia Is entitled to "a million
acre feet annually on MAR
steam Colorado River water
Arizona 2.8 million and Nevada
3 million. An acre foot is The
amount Of water needed t
cover an acre one foot deep, Of
about 325,850 gallons.
The court did not agree
however, with the masters ap'
portionment formula in thu
event that less than rs million
acre-feet Of water passed Lei
Ferry, Ariz.-the dividing lint
between the upper and lowe
Colorado River basins.
The master had SUGGESTED
that available water should b
pro-rated 44I75th to California
2sf75th TO Arizona. and 3/75tl
to Nevada.
Secretary Not Bound
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03

dignity. a new approach, q new
respect. Englewood has forced
itself to become the symbol Of
what is wrong with racial rela-
tons in the North"
Mr.. zuber was attorney for
group Of Negroes who won q
court decision forcing New Ro-
chelle (N.Y.) school authorities
to allow the transfer Of stu
dents from a predominantly
Negro school. In that case,
however. the court found an
% bvious gerrymandering Of
school boundaries to maintain
maximum segregation, q situa-
ton which has not been shown
in Englewood.
Sets Precedent
Mr.. Zuber said the New Ro-
chelle case set a precedent but
that many northern communal
ties with de facto segregation
have held off taking any action
to correct the situation. A VIC
tory in Englewood would bols-
ter Negro efforts elsewhere, he
said.
This is the battle-ground Of
the northern suburbs" said
Vincente Tibbs, the lone Me-
gro on the Englewood city coun-
Gil. I'VE have here the subtle
(segregation) line. It's in hous-
ing, employment, government.
There are people here who
won't even admit there's a
problem"
Englewood, lying just across
the Hudson River from New
York, has been primarily a
commuter town for many dec
AIDES.
ENCll uClO1C Tile duNcllb VI
the auto, it developed as the
bedroom community for a
wealthy class from New York
who could commute to their
offices by rail and ferry. The
first Negroes were mostly do
mestics employed by the
wealthy whites.
The Negroes at first lived
with white neighbors in what
is known as the 4th ward. As
the Negro population grew, the
whites moved out of the Sec
ton and the 4th ward became
almost entirely Negro.
Grows Rapidly
The Negro population has
grown rapidly since 1920 and
now accounts for 27.3 per cent
of the city's $4,000 population.
During the decade of the l950s
there was almost no change in
the number of white residents.
but the Negro figure jumped
from 4.l72 To 1000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Several Blocks Apart

There are five elementary
schools: Lincoln, almost 80 per
cent Negro; Liberty, So per
cent Negro: Roosevelt, about 10
per cent Negro; Quarles. about
S per cent Negro and Cleve-
land, less than per cent Ne
gro.
1t is at the Cleveland School
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Objects to Tactics

DR.. Shedd said, however, that
he strenuously objects to the
tactics being used by the dem
onstrators. He and the school
board issued a staten e n t
saying:
"Since orderly channels for
hearing grievances exist and
time after time have proven
effective, the board cannot con-
done methods and approaches
for obtaining changes that
circumvent the law, and which
attempt to gain their ends by
techniques of intimidation and
disruption"
Mayor Volk claims the low
achievement of pupils. at Lin
coin School Is not the fault Of
the school but largely Of par
ents who don't give q damn"
He also said there has been an
influx Of Negroes from south
ern areas which has tended to
pull down the average achieve
ment level at Lincoln School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Secretary Not Bound

while pro rata sharing Of
water shortages seems equi-
table on its face. more con-
sidered Judgment may demon
strate quite the contrary" the
court said in It's opinion, read
by Justice Black.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Point to Tests

Negro leaders attempt to
bolster their case by pointing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
q book m0y
be read that
can open the
Bible
f0rgOu

You may have passed BY this
quiet place many times-but
neverhaveenteredi II. Yethere
in this peaceful room, ready
for you TO read, is a book that
has opened the Bible to thou
sands-has made ilSpromiseS
practical and proyable to
them in their daily lives. 1t
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The place is the Christian
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book, Science and Health
with Key to the Scriptures
by Mary Baker Eddy.
Stop at a Christian Science
Reading Room the next time
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and Science and Healthin the
quiet, undisturbed atmos-
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neighbOrs have provided for
you. Borrow this book 10 take
home for leisure reading, free
Ofcharge. 0rbuyone foryour-
self. Library Edition $500.
Paperback Edition si.95 at
Christian Science Reading
Rooms and at quality book
. stores.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Bus Service Survey Finds Complaints
Despite Improvement Under Chalk

from now, traffic might reach
the stage where 1t is required.
When Mr.. Chalk came to
town, he was quoted by a mag
azine as saying that WASH
ington's transit system was
essentially sound but needed
public relations savvy to get it
back on a profitable track"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
"HaVe Fact Sheet"


The Mayor and city council
have put out q fact sheet
declaring that Englewood "is
one Of the most fully integrated
communities In the Nation"
The Mayor claims the DEM
onstrations are not supported
by the Negro community but
are the result of resentment
by a small group Of people," He
said outsiders" like. Repre-
sentative Adam Clayton Powell
and other national Negro lead
ers are brought in periodically
Ito keep UP interest in the
movement"
They note there are Negroes
on the school board, the city
council and other boards and
commissions and that the fire
and police departments. city
parks, churches. civic organi-
cations, restaurants and stores
are integrated.
Negro Councilman Tibbs
says, however, that this Il
mostly for show and that the
Negroes have very little voice
in city government.
John H. Perry. Negro presi-
dent of the school board
agrees with Mayor Volk that
the tactics being used by the
sit-in demonstrators are sup
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-03
Compliance Promised

In addition TO not buying
the number OF new buses the
P. U. c. desired. the company
has not always given the regu-
lar transit riders the full bene-
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1963-05-02
The Petal Qape.

THE PETAL PAPER: Printed month
ly by THE SOUTHERN FARMER, INC.
Montgomery, Ala.
Published by East Publications Co.,
Box 1486, Hattiesburg, Miss.
Entered as second class matter at
the Post Office at Petal, Mississippi.
under Act of March s, 1879.
REENTERED AT MONTGOMERY,
Second class postage paid at Mont
sc RETuRN FORMS 3579 TO: THE
PETAL PAPER, BOX l486, HATTIES-
p. b East Editor Publisher
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Two Years --------------------$ 5. OO
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1963-05-02
Cross Examination
Continued from Page p

Continued from Page
for quashing subpoenaes, Senator,
before your subcommittee?
A. Oh, judge I could withdraw
a subpoena. I have never looked
into it.
@. Have you ever done it at a
hearing?
A. l don't know.
@. Have you ever quashed a
subpoena at hearing?
A. ! don't remember.
@. Have you ever, at your
hearings, over counted up the
number Of times a witness has
said, | don't remember, and used
it as question of his CREDIBLE
ity, Senator?
A. No, sir.
@. Now, Senator, I will have to
read you a good bit of the OPEN
ing of the hearings, since you can't
remember anything about it, and
try to refresh your recollection ON
the opening of the Shelton public
hearing.
You understand, do you not, that
the present trial is based on ques-
tons he refused to answer at that
hearing? Do you understand that?
A. I have been informed that.
q. This is on page 80 Of the rec
ord of the first trial:
"Mr. Shelton: I fail to see why
I am involved in this h n 6,
which the c h a ir m a n said on
Wednesday stems from the Burd-
EFT testimony. There was no refer
ence to me in the Burdett tes-
timony nor in the testimony OF
Clayton Knowles"
Senator Eastland, at the tim 9
you overruled the objection what
information did you have ABOUT
the witness before you?
A. can't remember. ! knew at
the time.
Q. You don't remember any
thing about it, do you?
@. Isn't it a fact that you simply
said overruled automatically?
A. No, sir, because knew what
he was
@. What was he called for? a.
A. Well, said we knew he had
information.
@. What information did you
know he had?
A. Well, at the time we knew
what information he had. We
had information that he would
testify to certain facts, but
can't remember.
Can't Remember One Fact
@. You can't remember one
fact, can you, Senator?
A. No, sir, | certainly cant.
I don't remember the man.
believe Knowles is the o n W
witness whose testimony ! re-
member.
@. On page 80 of the s a m e
hearings Mr.. Shelton stated as
follows: "I am involved in these
hearings as a victim of accident.
Now do you remember it, Senator!
A. No, sir.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1963-05-02
PAGE THREE

letter is no longer of any use, to
destroy it.
@. 1t was all right with you
that he destroyed that document
at the time the case was pending
in the Court of Appeals?
A / don't know when he de-
stroyed it, sir. I knew nothing
about that.
Right to Destroy Key Document
Q. This case was pending in the
| Court of Appeals at that time.
Now, do you still think it was all
r h t to destroy the document,
Senator?
A. don't know anything about
it, Mr.. Rauh. don't know what
the letter was, / don't know what
it meant or what it has to do with
the hearing.
@. Well, let me see il I can
Il tHQt 1Ot yOO.
In the light of the challenge to
Mr.. Sourwines credibility on this
letter, ask you if you still think
il was all right for him to destroy
the letter?
Mr.. HITZ: Excuse me. / object
to that. 1t is wholly irrelevant
what Mr.. -
/ THE COURT: An right, the OBJ
Election is sustained.
| @. Would you have authorized
the destruction of that letter il
you would have known it related
to Mr.. Sourwines eredibility?
MR.. HITZ: The same objection.
MIR. RAUH: I would like to be
heard on this, Your Honor.
THE COURT: All right, you
may be heard.
MR.. RAUH There is a serious
question of credibility in this case
of Mr.. Sourwine. Mr.. Sourwine
has apparently destroyed this
document without authority. I am
trying to find out what kind of
authority he had to destroy docu-
ments.
THE COURT: That may be, but
the understanding of this partic-
ular witness that is presently on
the stand is that he has no knowl-
edge of the letter.
MIR. RAUH: take it you sus-
tain the objection.
THE COURT: / sustain the OBJ
| lection, yes.
Authority to Destroy Documents
@. Can you tell us anything at
all, Senator Eastland, about the
authority of any member of your
staff to destroy documents?
| A. Well, of course, have never
conferred authority. judge that
some authority goes with the
position that man holds, and I
would judge that when he thought
that a document or letter had
no further use he would have the
right to destroy it.
O. And that would be true even
of a document which related to
his own credibility?
A. You see, can't 90 into that
CONTINUED On Page AZ
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1963-05-02

%. he SAID. Il am involved IN
these hearings as victim of acct
dent. The subpoena first served
to me was originally made out in
the name of a person who does not
work on my paper. A committee
aide, when told that there was
no such person on the Times, in
sisted on knowing if there was
anyone with a similar name en-
ployed there. There were few,
but the only one that interested
your man was the sole S m a r
name in the news department,
mine. AT the executive hearings
the committee counsel tried with
out success to link me with a GER
tain New York newspaper. He
was unable to establish any con-
nection because / never worked
for the paper under discussion.
Yet I have been called back here
today. 1t appears to be just anoth-
er step in a campaign to discredit
the paper for which work"
My question to you, Sena t o r
Eastland, when you overruled the
objection of Mr.. Shelton that he
was involved in these hearings as
victim of accident, what did you
know as the basis of overruling
that objection?
A. Well, / knew at the time
what information we could get
from him, but I can't remember
at this time. / don't know.
q. am asking you whether,
as chairman Of the subcommit-
tee, you felt any legal obligation
to tell him why he was not
victim of accident when he said
to your committee, ! won't an
swer because ! am a victim OF
accident?
A. No, sir.
@. Now, is there now, having
gone through that, is there any
procedure whereby witness be-
fore committee can get a sub
poena quashed?
A. say / haven't studied it..
I judge could quash a subpoena,
certainly. The committee could,
of course.
@. Why didn't you answer this
statement, / am a " c t m OF an
accident, then, or else quash the
subpoena?
A. don't recall anything about
it, sir.
@. Senator, what legislation was
under consideration by the sub
committee at the time you called
the witnesses from the New York
Times in executive and pu b c
session?
A. Well, it was a study of COM
munist infiltration and control OF
mass media of communications,
and these hearings were commu-
mist infiltration in the press, news
papers, these particular hearings.
It's a question that has been on
study. You have got Constitutional
limitations and we were seeing,
first, if there had been infiltration;
second, the extent OF 1t. Ii we
found those two things; tn ir d,
what we could do about it within
the Constitutional limitations.
What Legislation?
O. I repeat my question. What
legislation did you have u n r
consideration at this time?