davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01

were clearly established, the gov
eminent stated, they would be
punished
Buddhists claim the government
has not lived up to the June is
agreement. Decree No. 20 has not
been repealed, but until recently
1t appeared the Assembly would
take the desired action.
During the summer all the
Diem regimes opponents, pre-
vented from channeling their
grievances in normal political
complaints because of the gov
ernment's strict controls, have
rallied to the Buddhist cause.
The dispute has broadened,
American officials now believe, so
that it is more than a religious
one. Most Of the demonstrators
against the government simply
happen to be Suddhists.
Throughout the dispute the
Diem government has claimed
that the disSidents were not really
BuddhistS, but Communists or
dupes Of the Communists, or other
subversives. BY the Diem defini-
ton, however, all forms of polit-
ical dissent are labeled subversive
1t is not hard to imagine, on
the other hand, that Communists
have infiltrated the Buddhist
ranks. The BuddhistS admit men
to the priesthood without screen
ing. The Wet Namese govern
ment has singled out some Of the
so-called Buddhists and claimed
they come from families which
have elaborated with the Wet
Cong for years.
Repression Couses Concern
The Diem campaign, in official
Washington's view, has gone well
beyond wedding out bona fide sub
versives from the Buddhist ranks,
however. 1t is this repreSSive
nature Of the Diem regime which
has worried both the Eisenhower
and Kennedy administrations.
Until recently the State Depart
ment has concluded there is no
better alternative available. That
view has now been shaken, how
ever, especially since it was ques-
toned by Ambassador Tran Van
Chuong who resigned in protest
against the mass raids against
Buddhist pagodas earlier this
month.
Washington officials have passed
the word privately that they would
consider q new South Wet Namese
government headed by Ngo Dinh
Nhu "intolerable. This comes
close to asking for his removal
from his powerful post as his
brothers closest adviser.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01
BY EARL ii. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

South Wet Nam is variously
estimated to be 70 to 80 per cent
Buddhist. Yet today it finds itself
with a Catholic President whose
administration is in open opposi-
ton to the most respected Budd-
hist leaders.
State Department officials have
accused President Ngo Dinh Diem'S
government of "repressive" meas
ures against the Buddhists and
violation Of its stated policy of
reconciliation.
How could any politician, even
one with the autocratic tenden-
cies Of President Diem, get him
self into the position of antag-
onizing leaders Of the vast ma
jority Of his countrymen? 1t Is as
if an Israeli prime minister were
prosecuting the Jews in his own
country.
To begin, Buddhism is a good
deal more mystical than most
religions. And Buddhism in Wet
Nam is different from Buddhism
in other countries-its tenetS are
so broadly stated that they can
encompass most other religions
comfortably. A Buddhist, for in
stance. can accept the teachings
Of Christ with the same devotion
as Christian and still consider
himself a Buddhist.
The Diem regime has twitted
the BuddhistS for permitting stor-
age Of weapons and grenadeS in
their pagodas while adhering to
their creeds that permits the kill
ing Of no living thing.
Buddhist men can become
priests without long preparation
simply by reporting to q pagoda
and trading their civilian garb for
the robes and begging bowl of a
priest.
Origins Of Troubles
The Buddhist problem in South
Wet Nam probably has its roots
in a regulation dating back to
French colonial days. Decree No.
10. as it is called, gave the Catho-
lie church advantages over other
religions In legal and administra-
ton matters, such as acquisition
Of property.
Under President Diem this fav-
oritiSm for Catholics survived and
ranked.
Last April the Presidents elder
brother. who is the Catholic
Archbishop in Hue, celebrated his
anniversary with q large church
festival at which Catholic flags
were displayed.
On May 7, the anniversary Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01

ing ring leaders. closing pagodas,
interfering with rites.
Late in May the General Asso-
citation Of Buddhists published a
list of five demands:
l. The government should per-
NIT the flying of Buddhist flags.
2. Decree No. 10 should be re-
pealed.
3. Arrests Of Buddhists should
stop and those under detention
should be released.
4. Freedom to propagate re-
ligion should be assured.
5. Compensation should be paid
to the families of the Hue demon
Strators who were killed; instiga-
tors Of the incident should be
punished.
A mass meeting in Hue on June
3 was dispersed by Wet Namese
government forces using tear gas.
On June IL the Buddhist bonze
or priest, Thich Quany Due,
shocked the world when he COM
mitted suicide by burning himself
in protest against government dis
elimination against Buddhists.
Attempt at Settlement
Three days later, an interminis-
terial committee, headed by the
Buddhist Vice President Of South
Wet Nam, Nguyen Ngoc Tho, met
with the General Association of
BuddhiSts' leaders to settle the
issues between them.
They signed a communiuue on
June 16 that was expected to end
the controversy. The government
agreed that the Buddhist flag
could be flown provided preference
for the national flag was given.
Places were specified for flying the
national flag and the Buddhist
flag In the courtyards outside
pagodas, on pagodas, and inside
pagodas.
The government agreed to take
action to repeal discriminatory
provisions Of Decree No. 10 before
the National Assembly was to
adjour in October.
The government agreed to set
up an investigating committee to
study complaints about the arrests
OF Buddhists. Those still held
who had been detained for back
ing the five Buddhist demands
were to receive special clemency.
The constitutional guarantee
Of freedom to propagate religion
was reaffirmed.
On the Buddhist demand for
compensation Of bereaved fam
lilies, the government noted that
financial assistance had been
given the families. II guilt of
those responsible for the incidents
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01
Wet Nam Fight Over Religion
Has Elements Of the Mystical

Buddha, the Buddhists Of Hue
planned a celebration of their
own. A few days before, however,
the Diem government published
a remindsr that the national flag
should take precedence over all
other flags.
Buddhist officials in Hue claim
to have received telegram from
the government forbidding them
to fly the Buddhist flag at all.
Ngo Dinh Nhu, another brother
OF the President who is the
closest adviser and possibly as
powerful as the President himself,
denies any such telegram was
sent.
Whether local officials were
overzealous in administering the
ordinance about preference for
the national flag, or what
actually did happen has not been
clearly established.
Demonstrations Held
Demonstrations were held In
Hue on May 8, however, the day
after Buddha's anniversary, pro-
testing the supposed order deny
ing permission to fly the Buddhist
flag. According to United States
officials, Wet NameSe Army and
police fired into crowd in front
Of the radio station at Hue, kill
ing nine people.
This ignited smouldering Bud
dhist resentment against what
they considered favoritism for
Catholics, perpetuated by Presi-
dent Diem despite a new constitu-
ton guaranteeing freedom Of
religion for all.
Money for the families Of the
persons killed at Hue was paid by
a government welfare group
in central Wet Nam but the gov
eminent carefully avoided either
admitting responsibility for the
shooting or any indication that
the money was compensation"
The government claimed that
Communist Wet Cong guerrillas
were responsible for the deaths.
Bombs exploded in the crowd
were said to have been of the type
used by the Wet Cong.
Buddhist priests then took up
the cry for the first time, demand
ing that the government should
punish officials believed to be
responsible for the deaths and to
pay more compensation to the
families Of the deceased.
Leaders Arrested
Demonstrations against the
government, under the imprima-
tur Of the Buddhists, were held in
Hue, Saigon and other cities. The
government responded by arrest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01

1T is an investment which re-
suits in higher wages and greater
purchasing power for the worker,
and in the new products and
techniques which come from
trained minds"
Figures compiled by the Ma
tional Education Association show
that education has a tremendous
effect on national security.
Utah, with the highest average
education for persons age rs or
older, has the lowest percentage
of selective service registrants
failing the mental test-4.7.
South Carolina, with the lowest
average education, has the high
est percentage Of mental test
failures SAG.
Between 1850 and 1860, public
school enrolment in this country
increased by nearly half.
In some States, the 10-year in
crease was fantastic: Nevada 1877
per cent, Alaska 1855, Florida 1913,
Arizona 1877, California IS.
AS enrollments have doomed,
costs have increased.
Pupil Expenditures
The department Of education
OF the AFL-CIO looked into the
costs and found the average ma
tional expenditure per pupil dur
ing the 1923 school year was
$432.
The amount spent in the vari-
Gus States ranged from $645 in
New York and $500 in Alaska to
1927 in South Carolina and $3.50
in Mississippi.
These State Upstate figures
don't tell the whole story. however.
The AFL-CIO charts show that
New York's $645 per pupil repre-
serted 39 per cent OF its total
personal income. Mississipis
$3.50 per pupil, on the other hand,
represented 46 per cent Of that
States total personal income.
Mississippi, then, was trying
harder but doing less than more
prosperous New York.
And there is another factor: In
New York there are Al schoolage
children for every 100 adults, in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01
BY G. X. HODENFIELD
Associated Press Staff Writer

. Next Tuesday the vanguard OF
44ls million youngsters through
out the country troops back to
the classroom and the 1884
school year officially gets under
way.
But there is no real beginning
and no real end to the school
year. Education is a year-around
enterprise, the Nations biggest
business and getting bigger every
year.
p. 1t Is big in terms Of people.
Almost 40 per cent Of all Amer
leans are engaged in some sort
OF educational endeavor.
There are 2.3 million pupils In
kindergarten, 30.6 million in ele-
mentary schools, lis million stu
dents in high schools, AZ million
in college, II million in adult edu-
cation classes, and 8 million in
some sort Of systematic. independ-
ent self-study.
IhJ tfsO HlllAlOll Oub Va uii
estimated total population Of l89
million.
It is big in terms of money:
The annual cost Of public ele-
mentary and secondary schools
alone is approaching $40 billion.
The Nations 1000 colleges and
universities have total assets in
the form Of land, buildings and
equipment and capital such as
endowments Of nearly $22 billion,
nearly triple those Of General
Motors.
lmpoct Of Education
College and university revenue
is more than IS billion annually.
q full billion more than the an
fiual sales Of General Electric.
And education is big In terms
Of impact:
Francis Keppel United States
Commissioner Of Education, said
recently:
1T has been estimated that In
recent years our investment In
education has been responsible
for UP to 40 per cent Of the Ma
tons growth and productivity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01
Leaders Arrested

Demonstrations against the
government, under the imprima-
tur Of the Buddhists, were held in
Hue, Saigon and other cities. The
government responded by arrest
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-03-19

School with an initiation and
recognition ceremony conducted
by the Old Honor Club members
and the adult All leaders of the
county. The All members init
ated into the honor club were
William Anderson, Alfred Aus
tin, Dorothy Brown, Margaret
Brown, David Carter, Oscar
Davenport. Elsie Hatcher. Al
dena Holcomb, Clarence A. Hol-
comb, Marlene Jones, and Ber-
nard Young, il.
The purpose of the county S
All Honor Club is to recognize
those who have done outstanding
All work for a period Of three
or mere years and to provide
special leadership training tor
its members. The members ave
selected on the basis of scholar
ship, honesty, character. and
Willingness to serve ana promote
All work in Cumberland county
The members must be recon-
mended for membership by
their teachers. BY their adult
All leaders, and by the County
Extension Agent
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-03-19

1861, nine other wells have been
drilled. and now most of them
produce below their original ca
pacity. Also, many private wells
have been tested and found
faulty. H. B. Powell's well was
used for years, and was re-
Gently abandoned because of
quicksand.
The State health department
has granted permits for the use
of several private wells, only be-
cause of the extreme need for
more water supply, and these
are temporary.
A costly process. expenses in
CURED for the water system are
as follows: water line extensions
$4,000: 100000 gallon storage
tank $38 900: reservoir site pur-
chased $4,000; raised height of
dam $4,000; drilled wells
$4,000; purchased pumps 81, 700;
a total Of sos, 700.
Everything has been paid for
except $27 900 which is owed the
State Bank Of KeySville. The
sum Of $4,000 of this money
concerns the project for which
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-03-19
Town Meeting To Explain Bond
Referendum At Keysville On Apr. 2

In spite of the constant efforts
of the town council the water
presently produced lacks $4,000
gallons each day of meeting de-
mands. Virginia Crafts has
found it necessary to curtail
operations many times, because
of a water shortage.
In addition to Mayor Hammer
and members Of town council,
Burns c. Thompson, of Rich
mond, the engineer employed by
council, will be present to an
sWer questions concerning the
proposed filter plant.
In the letter to voters, efforts
of town council to provide an
adequate water supply were out
lined. The initial well was drilled
in 1886, and it produced Is gal
Ions per minute. Abandoned for
years. it is now pumping eight
gallons per minute.
In the following years through
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-03-19

KEYSVILLE, March 10 A
town meeting Will be held at the
Keysville Elementary S c h DOL
Thursday, March 81, at 7:3O
pm. to explain the necessity for
the bond referendum to be voted
on. Tuesday. April 2. Mayor H.
H. Hammer. Jr. has sent letters
to all qualified voters inviting
them to attend
This proposed bond issue will
finance the construction of a
water filter plant that will en-
able the utilization of Lake 70-A,
OF the federal Roanoke Greek
watershed project. as the water
source. This source will produce
one million gallons daily. ade-
quate for the increased domes-
tic and industrial expansion in
the foreseeable future. For this
water Improvement, there is no
plan to raise taxes.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-03-19

the bond issue will be held.
There is a balance Of $1,000
from the 1913 sewer bond which
will be paid for from the sewer
revenue by 1867.
A part of these bonds will be
purchased by the government at
an interest rate of 29 per cent
and the balance at not more
than 3.75 per cent. 1t is believed
that water revenue will be suf-
ficient to pay off the 5000 900
bond issue in 20 years, and it is
hoped, in a much shorter time
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-03-19
coIored News
coIored News
Luther Jackson 4-H
Honor Club Elects
II New Members

CUMBERLAND, March IS -
New members joining Cumber-
land Countys All Honor Club
for 1928 were admitted to the
club on March u at 7::3O pm.
at the Luther P. Jackson High
Evening star., 1963-05-04
Parkway Section
Will Be Closed

Part of the George Washing
ton Memorial parkway in
Northern Alexandria will be
closed to traffic at Q am. Mon
day while the road is widened.
1t is expected to remain closed
until October or November.
The closed portion extends
from a point north of First
street to a point north of Sla-
ters lane. Traffic through this
area will be directed onto East
and West Abingdon drives, one
way service lanes which paral-
lei the parkway on both isdes.
The change will not only
slow down vehicular traffic but
will no doubt result in conges-
ton and unusual delay" Ken
meth w. Smith, Alexandria d.
rector Of traffic, said. How
ever, 1t is "in the best interest
OF the safety Of the general
public, (and) the citizens of
Alexandria, and to expedite the
construction of the parkway"
he said.
Motorists who normally drive
through the area for destina-
tions other than National Air
port or Gravelly Point were
urged by him to use USl.
Evening star., 1963-05-04
Housing Adviser
Urged to Assist
Fairfax Families

Fairfax County's housing
code "in all too many instances
has had the effect of fore
ing families from their homes, -
the County Board Of Housing
Hygiene states.
In a letter to the Board of
County Supervisors, Carl E. Au-
vii, hygiene board chairman,
urged the hiring of a housing
adviser. He said the adviser
should be assigned "the urgent
duty and task of assisting fam
lilies affected by the housing
hygiene code to find alterna-
tive housing"
In many cases, the letter
says, affected persons fail to
file appeals to eviction notices
because Of Ignorance, litter
acy, fear Of dealing with off,
cials and official bodies, or APP
athy induced by years at the
bottom Of the economic and
social scale"
Mr.. Auvil said his board in
dorses the recommendations Of
a citizens Housing Committee
that recommended in February
that a housing adviser be hired
by the county.
He also urged the supervisors
to call a public referendum
next fall on the establishment
OF a Fairfax County Housing
Authority.
Evening star., 1963-05-04
NEWS OF MUSIC
Ensemble Creates
An Excellent Sound

The orchestra played like
professionals; some Of them
are, the rest being amateurs OF
such training and capacity as
to make them indistinguish-
able from their colleagues in
professional groups. Under Mr.,
Steiner's relaxed but positive
leadership they produced an
excellent sound throughout the
evening.
Walter Piston's divertimento
provided the most absorbing
moments Of the concert. The
agile motion Of the opening
allegro. and the fervor Of the
slow movement, which was such
as to cast doubt on its tran
quillo marking, led to q finale
which was a superbly realized
exercise In how to create an
apparent melee through logic
and order. 1t was great fun,
and the spirit Of the perform
ance was excellent.
The Georgetown Festival
concludes in the same hall on
Monday evening at $3.50. when
Richard Pittman conducts his
Little Chorus in q character
istic program Of new and old
music.
Evening star., 1963-05-04
KuryIo on Stoff
Of Road PurIey

DR.. Walter Kurylo of Falls
Church, a 28-year-old employe
OF the Commerce Department,
has been appointed secretary
general Of the Ninth Pan
American Highway Congress,
which convenes here Monday,
the State Department an
nounced today.
DR.. Kurylo has held various
legal and administrative posi-
tions with the Bureau of Public
Roads here, and also served as
a staff member of a transporta-
ton study group for the Senate
Commerce Committee. He at
tended George Washington Uni
versity. and later completed his
education, including a Ph.D.
degree, at American University,
where he is currently a lee
turer.
The Congress will bring to-
gether top officials of l9 Latin
American countries, the United
States and Canada to exchange
information on improving high
way transportation in the hem
isphere.
Evening star., 1963-05-04

Mr.. Berkeley had refused to
pay the fines and said he was
going to jail in the interest Of
"the American housewife"
He said last night that the
Ringrose decision hasn't
knocked me out but 1t GER
tainly crippled me quite a bit.
1t opened up the floodgate for
other companies to get injunc-
tions."
No Title to Customer
In his decision, Judge Ring
rose said Mr.. Berkeley's con-
tention that possession of a
trading stamp by a customer
conferred title to that customer
cannot be sustained"
1T is expressly stated in the
g a. H stamp collectors book
that the only right the Gus
toner recipient acquires in
IS a. H stamps is TO present
them TO the plaintiff IS a. HI
for redemption" the justice
said.
The Supreme Court last May
named a receiver for Mr..
Berkeley's stamp bank and
authorized seizure OF all cor
respondence sent to the bank.
In addition, the receiver was
authorized TO return to senders
all trading stamps sent for
exchange.
Evening star., 1963-05-04
YWCA
Meeting

More than 1000 represent
atives Of the Young Women's
Christian Association from
IL Eastern States and the
District will close a four-day
Eastern regional conference
tomorrow at the Mayflower
Hotel.
The conference is one OF
four regional meetings being
held this spring TO evaluate
the progress OF the associa-
tons work. 10 chart future
program, and TO prepare for
the 23d triennial convention
Of the National YWcA In
1864 In Cleveland. o.
Miss Mamie Davis, Eastern
Region correlator. has been
directing the conference
which has concentrated It's
business In workshops and
discussion panels.
Miss Lilace Reid Barnes.
immediate past president OF
the National YWcA and
former World YWcA presi-
dent. addressed the opening
session yesterday.
A social highlight OF the
conference was the inter-
national reception held last
night In the State Depart
ment building with repre-
sentatives OF embassies OF
countries In which the YWCA
10 at work as special guests.
Today there will be SEMI
mars dealing with how the
YWcA can further help pre- =
serve essential values. and a
conference dinner tonight.
Tomorrow. Miss Leila And
erson. executive with the
Evening star., 1963-05-04
BY PAT SALTONSTALL

wife of a foreign service off,
Ger, were the three neighbors
who called themselves "The
Sometimes Singers" - some
times on tune, etc.
A repertoire that included
an Indonesian lullaby which
brought an Indonesian guest
almost to tears was mostly
pure Americana.
Backup support came from
the only man in the crowd,
grade schooler David Pollack.
Without him the girls could
not possibly have belted out
a mans song about the Pa
cific Northwest lumbermen,
who stir their coffee with
their thumbs.
David, who's obviously been
In on the music practice ses-
sions In his neighborhood,
won't be singing so we'll to-
day. No one would have
known from his casual air
that he was off to the hos
pital right after the meeting
- to lose his tonsilS.
Mrs. Wirtz, wife Of the
Labor Secretary, represented
the cabinet wives who spon-
sor the organization. While
old-timers heard a descrip-
ton Of where to 60 for music
treats in Washington, new
comers heard Mrs. David
Orem give her usual intro
duction to Washington talk
with slides.
The tall. youthful lecturer
decided q summers rest
might be useful: one guest.
recalling this weeks tornado
scare, asked about past tor
nadoes hitting Washington,
and wondered II Mrs. Orem
remembered" one hitting In
1923.
A reception last night at
the Philippine Embassy hon.
ored the delegates to the First
Philippine Foreign Service
regional conference in North
America. Ambassador and
Mrs. Mutuc were hosts ct
$50 pm.
Evening star., 1963-05-04
New Project
Announced

Women's American ORT
Organization for Rehabili-
tation Through Training) at
a recent luncheon declared
that II also signaled the
completion Of the $l.l00.000
pledge they had made for the
Syngalowski Vocational
Training Center in Tel Aviv.
The devaluation OF the Is
raeli pound has made avail
able TO the group an extra
100000 with which TO em-
bark on their new project
the creation OF four more
centers in Haifa, Jerusalem.
Beersheeba, and another in
Tel Aviv. says Mrs. Philip
Berne, Washington regional
head.