davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

The Washington Monument
was the staging point today for
the huge civil rights demon
stration.
At the height Of the morn
ing's activities, the grassy slopes
at the Monument were almost
entirely covered with marchers
Demonstrators tricsled into
the area at first, but began ar
irving in droves about 9 am
At 1880, march leaders began
organizing the exodus toward
the Lincoln Memorial where the
second stage of the demonStra-
ton took place.
Two hours later, the demon
strators we're still streaming
across the Monument grounds
toward the Memorial grounds
"a sea Of singing, clapping
chanting humanity.
Sing Freedom Songs
Crowds near Constitution
avenue were led in civil rights
freedom songs earlier by sing
ers from over the Nation. But
the loudspeakers could carry
the formal entertainment To
only a portion Of the throng
and other groups held their
own songfests all over the
Monument grounds.
Banners and placards by the
thousands were carried through
the crowds. The headquarters
for the march was swamped by
people seeking information and
advice.
Traffic was almost at a COM
plete standstill on Constitution
avenue between the Monument
grounds and the Ellipse by II
am. except for military anc
police vehicles.
Army helicopters flew over
the area where the demon
strators assembled.
Hundreds of police and Ma
tional Guardsmen assembled
early and dispersed through the
area. .
Three Emerge From Grove
Volunteer marshals famed
out through the crowd with
walkie-talkie radios. Snack
bars, temporary restrooms and
make shift water fountains
were doing a booming business,
Three university students
who said they came Ito help
the cause Of making democracy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28
The Brown Buqqers

AS early as 6 am. today,
march participants we're seen
walking through Georgetown
streets toward town. Almost
every one Of them carried a
brown paper lunch bag.
March-bound demonstrators
in cars, with both District and
Maryland tags, we're looking
for fringe parking places.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

Thousands of chanting, jubi-
liant civil rights demonstrators
arrived in Washington aboard
trains this morning for recep-
tons that resounded like foot
ball homecoming rallies.
The biggest group, from Mi
ami, arrived early after a "a
hour trip punctuated by wildly
enthusiastic greetings at a doz-
en- stops along the way. =,
Starting cut at $3.50 o'clock
Tuesday morning with IS pass
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

engers, it had collected another
TAO demonstrators by the time
it clicked into Washington.
From Detroit came another
special train, with a delegation
319 strong.
1000 Greet Train
The most spectacular Of
the spontaneous demonstrations
that greeted the Miami train
occurred at Savannah, Ga, last
night, when an estimated 1000
Negroes and whites, Janming
the station platform, sent up
a roar as the train pulled in.
The riders and greeters broke
out with chants of Freedom !!
Freedom" and Joined voices
in the spiritual, 1--WE Shall Not
Be Moved"
Few passengers got any sleep
before 2 am, and most were
able to doze only fitfully be-
cause of the enthusiasm and
excitement.
Still too keyed up to be tired
when the train arrived here,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

The information for this story
wos provided TO The Stor by Burt
Stoddord Of the Detroit News stoff,
ond by Stor StoFf Reporter Trumon
Temple, who rode the Miomi train
to Woshinqton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

there Is no distinction in New
Jersey" and that there is "con-
tact between civil rights groups
and Congressman" he said.
Adelbert w. Brown, the first
vice president of a Newark
branch Of the NAACP, said his
organization had S bsidized
some of the rides for unem-
ployed from the Newark area
but was unable to say to what
extent.
While the demonstrators were
gathering, a brief debate de-
veloped in the Senate over the
form of the invitation sent to
individual Senators to attend.
Senator Clark, Democrat of
Pennsylvania, had arisen to
stress the need for more job
opportunities for Negroes. In
the course of his remarks, he
referred to the fact that Sena-
tors had been invited to attend
the ceremonies to hear the de
mands" for jobs and freedom.
Senator Holland, Democrat
Of Florida, said the use Of the
word demands" had IAN adj
verse effect" on him, He said
1t caused a reaction of irrita-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28
Assurance Given

He said the group brought no
pressure. Members just hoped
Congress could see the picture
as they do. Mainly, Senator
Dirksen and Mr.. Halleck were
given a run down of goals"
SymbQY,ed by the march. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28
See No Offense

Both Senators Clark and
Javits, Republican Of New
York. said they took no offense
from the way the invitation was
worded, and Senator Clark
pointed out that the invitation
also said the hackers Of the
march were cordially" request
ing Senators to attend.
Senator Holland indicated he
would support increased appro-
.priations for vocational Job
training and cited this as one
Of the features of the civil
rights program ION which we
could all agree" He expressed
regret that the Senate cannot
get on with those phases of
the program rather than ques-
tons he felt would only cause
confusion.
A quick walk through the
two House office buildings in
dicated at midmorning that
most members were keeping Of
fices open. Reception room
desks. however. were vacant in
many instances. At least one
staff employe was on hand In
most offices.
Corridors were far less
crowded than Is usual on week.
day mornings when the House
is scheduled TO meet.
Powell on Hand
Representative Adam Clay
ton Powell, Democrat Of New
York, had posted a sign in
red letters on his door stating;
This office will be closed Aug
ust 20 but Mr.. Powell viii be
in Room 428." This is his office
as Chairman Of the House
Education and Labor Commit
tee.
Tour guide business fell off.
A few tourists, some Of them
Negroes, we're following guides.
Otherwise, foot and auto
traffic at the Capitol was only
slightly heavier than usual.
Police had anticipated a pos
sible invasion OF passengers
detraining in the early morn
ing from Union Station. This
did not materialize. They
credited march leaders who di-
verted marchers at the station
toward the Mall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28
From Religious Groups

Albert Fritz, president Of the
Salt Lake City branch Of the
NAACP. said demonstrators
represented groups, primarily
religious. They raised money for
the trip TO Washington by a
spaghetti dinner. Their trip
began at Sis am. Sunday.
A trainload from New York
City and Newark. N. j., was
welcomed by a congressional
delegation. Republican Senator
Case and Democratic Senator
williams and Representative
Minish, Democrat OF New Jer-
sey, were almost overwhelmed
by the hurrying crowd.
Senator Case said he and
Senator williams were making
a bipartisan welcome to show
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

Query Unanswered
He could not answer his call
ers' query as to whether to-
days demonstration would help
or hurt their cause In Congress,
"We1l Just have to wait and
see," Senator Mansfield said.
Senator Dirksen said leaders
wanted TO add a fair employ
ment practices section to the
administrations civil rights
package. Increased job train
ing, particularly for young
sters, should be written into q
bill, too, the delegation said.
"The President was specific
In saying that the fair en-
ployment issue should not be
in the package" Senator Dirk
sen said he advised them.
The minority leader made II
clear that he would support
the whole civil rights package,
except for the section reqhr-
Ing owners OF restaurants,
theaters, hotels and other facil-
tiles TO open their property TO
all corners, regardless Of race.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28
Broyhill Critical

REPRESENTATIVE Broyhill, Re-
publican Of virginia, who repre-
sents the Virginia suburbs ad-
joining Washington, said the
march would cost downtown
Washington merchants mil
lions Of dollars"
Everyone is staying home.
Washington is practically q
ghost town." Mr.. Broyhill said
in an interview.
Mr.. Broyhill has opposed the
march since 1t was first an
nounced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
CRISIS
Both White and Black Face Dilemma
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
Of such sparkling fuses as Jack
son, Miss, lead to q national
explosion?
"I would hope in the last 20
years we have developed mech
anisms that would mediate OF
modify" Mr.. Morsell said. INC
one thinks we'll have another
depression like the sos because
OF modifiers built into the
economy. I think the same may
be true of civil rights"
AS an example, the National
Urban League points out that
there has been no violence in
the Southern cities where it has
organized biracial committees
The Attorney Generals office
points out that since Govern
ment officials began rounds of
talks with business leaders In
May, there has been some de-
segregation in 146 cities OF
more than 10000 population
in IA Southern and border
States. 1t hopes passage of
President Kennedy's civil rights
bill will ease pressure.
Mississippi's Gov. Ross Bar
nett, on the other hand, feels
the bill would violate the
rights of man" and would
reap a bloody harvest" from
aroused whites fighting blacks.
Violence If it passes. violence
If it doesn't. That's the point
the crisis may have reached.
mo one pretends this bill is
going to deal with every valid
grievance" said one of the
young men in the Attorney
Generals office. But at the
moment, the Negro has no way
to protest but to go into the
streets. One of the major pur-
poses Of the bill is to give him
an avenue into the courts"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

these contributed to the vio-
lence that Cambridge has ex-
perienced.
Such finder is present in
varying degrees In thousands OF
Cambridges across the United
States. In Cambridge 1t pro-
duced a fire. If it can there
why not anywhere else2
Maybe because Americans
will have patience enough to
determine that the Nation can
do better than bayonets in the
street. For all its damage -
business off as much as Is pei
cent and a deep hatred that may
take years to dispel - Cam
bridges experience has succeed
ed in convincing some other
Eastern Shore towns to de-
segregate.
But Cambridge set another
example. It proved, said a State
official, that violence can work
If you push hard enough come
what may, you might get O
restaurant integrated.
But the cost to Cambridge ha,
been severe. Multiplied nation
ally 1t could be catastrophe.
Time Works for Negroes
Yet the national Negro lead
ers are not blindly militant
They feel there is time. and II
Is working for them. The Ken
nedy bill would help bank the
fires, they feel. It's defeat, says
Mr.. Morsell, might bring vio-
lence but he sees q deeper, more
damaging reaction; A general
withdrawal and isolation from
the mainstream of American
life.
Or. Clark sees checks in the
Negro character itself that
could keep the racial crisis
from going over the brink. For
one thing, the Negroes GEN.
turtles as a slave have con-
ditioned him against violence
as a recourse.
Furthermore, he has a dis
taste for extremism, said DR.,
Clark.
Through his history tn e
Negro has had to be flexible
to survive. The rigidities OF
communism, Of Black Muslim-
ism. are incompatible to the
imperative flexibility Of tn G
Negro. When the Communists
came out in the sos for self
determination in the Black
Belt, they were really advocat-
ing segregation against tn e
whites. The Negro doesn't want
this. He's flirted with causes
garveyism, Liberia, Muslimism
but these have not been his
main thrust, which is to be
an American"
He might like to hear
Malcolm x give it to the white
man, but, said Mr.. MorSell,
'for $50 years the Negro has
believed In his ultimate ac-
ceptance into the national
organism. Even during slavery
few Negroes wanted to go back
to Africa"
"The Negro has been here
twice as long as the Ken
nedys," said DR.. Clark. He is
not an alien person In our
midst. This is what the
segregationist doesn't see."
And perhaps the Negroes deep
regard for the only country
he knows will be a bridge over
which he will meet the white
man half way.
For 1t must surely be a sign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

and ended with the Negroes
realizing for the first time the
power Of stubborn persistence
The young freedom riders OF
1861 who risked harm and even
death stirred the Negro fur
ther.
Yet for all his new militancy
the Negro in many instances
has shown disciplined restraint
.Splashed with ketchup OF
kicked in the shins, he has as
often as not turned the other
cheek.
For 800 years the Negro has
been accustomed to injustice, -
said DR.. Clark. what you're
seeing now is the result. Never
in his past could the American
Negro improve his situation by
mob action because he would
have been annihilated. The In
dian fought back and look
what happened to him"
But uncle Tom" has be-
come a nasty epithet now to
many Negroes and, a century
after the Emancipation Proc
lamation, the Negro is i'm
patient.
This bewilders and angers
the South.
Why" said a surprised
white man in Cambridge when
he saw an old Negro acquaint-
ance Of his marching with
young demonstrators outside q
restaurant, "just last week
gave him a cord of wood"
The Negro in the South to-
day wants not wood but the
vote, to eat in the same res
taurant as the white, sleep in
the same hosiery. The white
Southerner, who claims to
know the Negro best, blames
the unrest on outside agita.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

ton, and certainly there Il
much Of this.
Negro Wants Jobs
"But that's one Of the myths
the last months have dispellec
that the Negro would be fine
If the outside agitators would
only leave him alone" said
DR.. Clark. mo one can claim
now he doesn't know what the
Negro wants."
He wants Jobs: In Detroit
where he Is 20 per cent of the
population but so per cent Of
the unemployed; for his young
almost half Of whom In the
1921 age group are jobless
across the Nation where his
unemployment rate has beer
triple that Of the whites.
For the Negro" said Whit
ney Young, jr., executive d.
rector Of the Urban League
there has been no recession.
He's in a depression"
And the Negro is faced with
a growing automation that has
need for greater schooling
and training than he has had
1T would be different If he
had this" said a veteran craft
union official In Washington
There's no prejudice in skill
But you can't put an un.
qualified man in @ skilled Job
The unions would be cutting
their Threats If they lowered
job standards. Why some Of
our pipefitters are installing
valves on atomic reactors nc
bigger than your fists that
costs $35, 0O0."
Then give US the skills, say
the Negroes as they demon.
strate against the traditional
neighborhood school pattern
by which you 60 to the school
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

:, And II the bill is defeated
and the avenue becomes a dead
end leaving the Negro parad.
ing outside the lunch counter
what then?
The Negroes Goal
"Then. In effect, Congress
will have said we'd rather Of
fer the Negro dogs, hoses and
nightsticks rather than his in
herent rights" said DR.. Ken
meth Clark, Negro psychologist
and professor at City College
of New York. ITO this the Ne
gro has to say no. If he said
yes, he'd be confirming the
myth Of his own inferiority.
1.-THE Negro is asking not to
change society but to be in
cluded in ito have the fran
chise, equal education, removal
Of arbitrary barriers in the pur-
chase of homes, in public &C
commodations. He's really ask
ing America to stop being hyp-
ocritical, to fulfill the promise
of the Constitution. From
where I sit these are pretty
modest goals. No one should
have to die for these things
The Negro can't be intimidated
out of demanding them"
This determination, too, is
new. It has been growing since
World War II when the Negro
saw the world and fought to
make it safe for a democracy
he felt was denied him al
home.
It was spurred by the post
war emergence of the black
and yellow nations, the 1854
Supreme Court school decision
There was the 1857 Montgom-
cry bus boycott that began
when a Negro woman wouldn't
give up her seat to q white
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

Of hope that when Medgal
Evers' embittered, outraged
friends gathered the night
after he was murdered, they
didn't close the meeting with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

nearest your home. This has
meant an almost de factc
segregation in some Northern
towns with their Negro ghet-
toes. Whether true or not, the
Negroes claim the schools In
the white areas are better and
demand to be allowed to &c
to them. In Englewood, Mont
clair, Morristown and Plain
field in New Jersey. and In
New York, they've made Their
point.
But the Plainfield couple who
is moving away rather thar
have their children "go tc
school with a lot of Negroes
may not be alone.
When the whites move out
sometimes the Negro moves in
white neighborhoods remain
ock-busting begins. Othel
so. But what pressures builo
up in the Negro who gets his
education, who can afford the
white homes but can't cross
the unwritten color lines around
the Harlems of the North?
THE Negro from the South
comes North and he finds the
signs are down and no one Il
going to say Niger but ther
he finds things are really the
same" said Mr.. Young. "He'i
hurt. He's at the gangplank
Where's he going to go now?
That's the dilemma for the
North, white and black. What's
going to happen now2
Wants Evidence Of Change
"Tf you look at Kennedy'i
BILL" said Mr.. Young. none Of
1t affects the North. It talks
about voting and public &C.
commodations, but you still,
have all those Negroes out or
the street because of automa-
ton, in the ghettoes because
they can't buy houses.
1.-THE Negro Of the Harlemi
Of this country, he knows you're
not going to transform q func.
tional illiterate into O skilled
workman overnight. But hi
wants some tangible evidence
Of change"
There are people on bott
sides trying to see that he get
It.
Governors, union leaders,
civic groups, educators, the
Urban Leagues, NAACP, Con.
gressmen.
But the ultimate solution
will not be a paragraph in the
law books. It will come from
the aggregate Of all Americans
in how they react to the
deepening crisis. At home, on
the job, in the subway, at the
polling booth.
If there is no foreseeing the
future, there is a looking glass
that strikingly mirrors the
painful route to stalemate and
its tragic cost. It is the at
tractive Chesapeake Bay town
Of Cambridge, Md, where across
a thoroughfare ironically
named Race street, both sides
of Americas racial equation
glover at each other.
Pride, hoodlums, go-slow
Uncle Toms and impetuous
youths, q 4-to-1 unemployment
ratio black to white, old-time
traditions, a feeling Of you'll
get-your-dessert, just-don't-
push-me, passions outspeedine
| efforts to find agreement-all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

a call to arms or an oath Of
revenge.
They sang my Country It's
Of Thee"
Tomorrow: viii racial vio-
lence spread?
Evening star., 1963-12-13
Town May Be
Named for
Mrs. Kennedy

SOUTH HACKENSACK,
N. j., Dec. 13 (AP).-Mayor
Frank c. Zindle has written
to the township committee
urging it to change this COM
munity's name to Jacque-
line Township, in honor of
Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy.
Referring to the assassina-
ton of President Kennedy,
Mr.. Zindle said yesterday
that the name change would
honor the magnificent, noble
and stately manner in which
Mrs. Kennedy conducted her.
self during this grief-strick-
en- and unbelievable period"
If the township committee
approves the proposal, it
would be placed before the
voters in the election next
November.
Evening star., 1963-12-13

For young pleasure in the snow, we
toost Christmas with warm, fine
firing Winter Walkers" by MondI.
With thick soIes, cozy Innings, the
smart leather boots give comfort
and protection in cold weather.
Pull ring style in red or black,
1913, S.99
Cuffed ankle boot, Upper back in
black or dark brown, 4K-9, 1926
W&L-The Young Shoe Shop Washington,
Chevy Chase, Wheaton PIozo, Corners
ond Alexondio
Evening star., 1963-12-13
BY PATRICIA SCOTT

and bell. A candy cane can
also be used for this purpose
by interlocking rickrack
around a pipe cleaner. After
this is done. hand-tack the
ends. shape into candy cane
and attach bow and bell.
y
Miss Scott is olwoys slod to hear
from her readers, and whenever pos
sible will use their questions in her
column. but beeouse Of the greet
volume Of moil received dolly. she
cannot onswer individuol letters.
G 1868. Publishers Newspaper Syndicate
Evening star., 1963-12-13
SEAMS TO ME
Make HOLIDAY
Guest Towels

Holiday guest towels can
be made easily and at little
cost. You only need inexpen-
sive fingertip towels and
washable trim. The three IL
lustrated are trimmed with
rickrack and ball fringe.
They are in typical Christ
mas designs. Keep this idea
in mind when planning other
holiday parties and make
two or three towels for each
occasion.
Wreath-Figure 1:
You'll need one yard of
regular rickrack in emerald
green; Il yard of MILDLY
braid in red; 2 red ball
fringes; one fingertip towel.
To Make: Cut rickrack
into two equal parts. Inter-
lock by h looking the "V's"
and press. Mark a circle on
the towel (21a inches in di-
ameter) and center the rick
rack over it. Stitch in place
and stitch a second row in
side first, overlapping slight
ly. Hand-tack the ball fringe
berries" to the wreath. Tie a
bow of MILDLY braid and
hand = tack in place over
rick-rack joinings.
Candy Cane-Figure 2.
You'll need 8 inches of
regular rickrack in white: 8
inches of regular rickrack in
red; 8 inches of MILDLY braid
in red; one fingertip towel.
To Make: Interlock red
and white rickrack together
as described above, an d
press. Top-stitch to the towel
curving the top into a candy
cane shape and turning un-
der the ends "a inch. Tie
MILDLY braid bow and hand
tack to candy cane.
ular rickrack in emerald
Christmas Tree-Figure 3.
You'll need "a yard of reg
green; one red ball fringe;
one fingertip towel.
To Make: Cut rickrack in
lengths Of: Az inches, 4
inches. 3 inches. 2 inches and
three pieces Of IA inches. To
form the tree, top-stitch one
Of each to the towel, turning
ends under "a inch and spac-
ing the rows u inch apart.
Interlock the two remaining
Ia inch pieces and press.
Turn under "a inch at ends
and top stitch in place as
tree trunk. Hand-tack the
ball fringe to top of tree.
Party FavOrs: Make
wreath to use as a party IA
vor, interlocking two pieces
Of rickrack by hooking them
around a pipe cleaner. Shape
into a circle andtack ends
together. Then attach a bow