davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

dents visits there and his strong
support Of the Alliance.
q. Have you taken soundings in
the Senate about the possibility
Of canceling this $3.50 million
cut?
A. I have the feeling that in
the Senate they seem to be rather
surprised that this cut was made
in Alliance funds. Generally
speaking, there is a very substan-
tial group Of men in the Senate.
and the House too, fayoring the
Alliance. I talked TO some Con-
gressnen who voted on that hor-
rible Friday and they we're sur
prised themselves at what hap
pened. MY information is that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
PGSE's Woter

In Northern California, the
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. dis
tills $4,000 gallons q day from
the ocean for It's San Francisco
Steam Generating Plant-because
the conversion installation cost
far less than would new dams and
pipelines from distant mountain
reservoirs. ...
The island Of st. Thomas, in
the Virgin Islands group, was 50
short of water in 1887, that It be-
gan hauling supplemental supplies
by barge from Puerto Rico, at IS
per 1000 gallons. A conversion
plant, installed in November, 1858.
delivers 275,000 gallons o day, at
SITS per 1000 gallons.
Under our standard reclama-
ton patterns since 1909, irTiga-
ton water costs $40 to $50 per
acre-foot. Converted ocean water
can be delivered today for $125
per acre-foot, from experimental
pilot plants. Development Of the
technology, and Improvement in
diStillation machinery, will fur
ther reduce conversion costs In
10 years to approach prevailing
irrigation charges.
Meanwhile, retaining precious
minerals from the sea, as q by
product Of water conversion, Of
fers Q tremendous offset against
high distillation costs. The Uni
versity Of California is experiment.
ing with new processes to reclaim
gold, magnesium, uranium, silica,
calcium and iron from sea water
as it flows through giant CONVEX
sion stills. Reputable hydrologists
predict that within five years min
eral receipts from the conversion
stills might more than cover all
operating costs. The fresh sea wa
ter then would be free!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Congressional Inquiry

Public clamor multiplied. A
Joint House and Senate commit
tee moved to investigate the af-
fair. Golfers magazine engaged
Louis d. Brandeis, then o Boston
attorney, to represent CLAWS at q
fee Of $4,000.
All the key figures told their
stories. Pinchot defended CLAWS
and Ballinger displayed resent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
While the World Listened

Last week the great thoughts for
poStertty:
Birmingham is not dying city 1t is dead."-ChareS Nor
gan jr Birmingham attorney in speech to businessmen
"A scientist has limited education abors
Of his dissertation wins the Nobel Prize by the time
suddenly has nothing do While pursuing his Specialize
on science has past him. He has alternative
spend the rest Of his life making nuisance of hmseRober
M Hutchins
Every time Madame Nhu her mouth the Is
digging for President Diem becomes inches deperDr Ngo
Ton Dat former Wet diplomat Washington interview
II would hope[ don't know whether Rockefeller would
preciate hopeI would hope that would candidate
because believe that he is seasoned Hofa
presidential
IF allies Russia and she's going
to cash. don't how keep out Of Senator Gold
water on proposed United States wheat deal with Soves
II realize the slim possibility Of unorsing the Senator from
Arkansas this Russell opposing Senator
Fulbright test ban treaty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
By JOSEPH O'KEEFE
Star Staff Writer

On frigid day in January, 1910
the United States fired its only
scientifically trained forester, Gif-
ford Pinchot. If the mercury had
suddenly shot up 100 degrees the
effects could scarcely have been
more astonishing.
Mr.. Pinchot's dismissal by Pres
ldent Taft was q new round In q
controversy known as the Ball
niger case. This minor political
wrangle exerted influence upon
the Nation far beyond its real
significance.
On Tuesday, Mr.. Pinchot's ac-
compliShmentS In conservation
and politics will come under fresh
scrutiny. President Kennedy that
day will dedicate the Pinchot In
stitute for Conservation Studies
at the Pinchot family home in
Milford, Pa.
Clifford Pinchot became chief Of
the Division Of Forestry in the
Department Of Agriculture in 1897.
But after President Theodore
Roosevelt entered the White
House. the forester's sphere Of In
fluence widened considerably. He
was a member Of the tennis cab
met" who played on the White
House courts and hobnobbed with
the President. When Pinchot
outlined q program Of conserva-
ton for all natural resources, it
became q major tenet Of IRIS
administration. 1t also encountered
stern resistance in Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Delicate Tosk

q. What sort OF role would this
directorate play?
A. The group. II created. would
represent the Latin American
countries and the United States.
II would Judge the capability OF
each country to utilize outside
aid effectively. taking into con-
sideration the availability Of that
aid.
@. II the House cut stands,
would the Alliance be so UNDER
mined that you would feel con-
strained TO resign7
A. That Is q very iffy question.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Human Freedom

Human freedom consists in per-
feet adjustments Of human In
terests and human activities and
human energies.-Woodrow VIII
son in The NeU Freedom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Backs Directorate

q. What do you think Of the
proposal for a predominantly
Latin American directorate to OPP
crate the Alliance for Progress?
A. I think 1t Is q very good pro-
posal. 1t would provide an embod-
iment which this program now
lacks. Now we are Just q slice out
Of many different operations In
the hemisphere. As you pointed
out, the Peace Corps is very much
a part Of our effort. and so Is the
Export-Import Bank.
All this Is going to be discussed
at Sac Paulo, Brazil, when the
finance ministers meet in the In
ter-American Economic and So
cial Council. I would hate to an
ticipate what would come out Of
that. ! do believe that there is q
desire on the part Of Latin Amer
lea to have greater participation.
This Is the basic objective Of the
proposals for q directorate by for
mer Presidents Lleras Comargo of
Colombia and Kubitshek Of Brazil,
which will preoccupy the Sac
Paulo MEETINGS.
q. Is there an agreed American
position on their recommends
tons?
A. There Is an evolving American
position. Hopefully IL will be es-
tablished soon, because we have
been working very hard on II. This
is q major decision.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

CAAA0 AOEOs 4AACANe AAA0AC NAA~NAA
10000 United States military per-
sonnet lived on fresh water con-
verted on the spot from the
brine of the Pacific Ocean.
Converting Sea Voter
Never before, In history had
sea water been converted on such
a massive scale for human con-
sumption. Today, the experiment
tai processes applied In the des-
peration Of war on Two have be-
come universal, and photographic
engineers the world around speak
confidently Of q new epoch in
human history an era when
natural limitations upon fresh
water supply no longer win ham
string community development
and the steady forward march Of
modern industrial civilization.
The immense volume Of salt wa
ter awaiting conversion IL atteSted
by the fact that II per cent Of the
earth's total surface is covered by
sea water-ae total sea surface Of
los million square miles. against
only 80 million square miles Of
total land surface.
Around the world, large salt
water distillation plants powered
by United States equipment al
ready supply municipal water
where no other sources are at
hand. At Curacao, Dutch West In
dies. the city evaporation plant
supplies 10000 gallons daily for
a population Of $4,000. At Kuzait.
on the Persian Gulf. and Aruba,
in the Caribbean, conversion IL
the only source Of water for i'm
portant centers Of petroleum pro-
duction. On our own man-made
drilling islands In the Gulf Of
Mexico, only converted water
makes the whole operation pos
sihle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Lotin Reforms

q. Which countries have made
the best progress In reforms dur
ing the two years Of the Alliance
for Progress?
A. In all Of them, there has
been some forward movement.
Colombia and Chile have moved
forward with national develop
ment plans as required in the Al
lance charter. Mexico has moved
to strengthen a social revolution
which, Of course, existed even be-
fore the Alliance. so has Bolivia.
In varying degrees, the Central
American countries also have
carried out reforms. Venezuela has
one Of the best. most active land
reform programs in Latin Amer
lea. Peru and Ecuador, two coun-
tries which had Jagged behind, are
moving forward on reforms. And,
Of course. there have also been
political reforms. In the past year.
Peru and Argentina have held
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

Q. You would take it as q vote
Of no confidence?
A. Not exactly that, but I would
take 1t more that this Job would be
so fraught with obstacles as TO
make 1t extremely difficult TO do It
effectively. 1t already has enough
obstacles.
@. In your earlier list Of coun-
tries which are making reforms,
a noticeable omission was Brazil.
What is happening therep
A. I am sorry to say that in the
case Of Brazil. the progress in IN.
shutting reforms has not been
very noticeable.
PIons Invisible
Q. In which area particularly
A. They initiated an effort at
planning which has not as yet de-
hvered q plan. They themselves
have not found 1t satisfactory.
President Goulart requested the
Brazilian Congress for constitu-
tional amendments to permit
agrarian reform by paying for
land with bonds instead Of in
cash. But I understand that the
Brazilian Congress has rejected
the proposal. On the other hand,
you have to examine the details
OF the proposal to know whether
1t was the kind Of proposal that
was satisfactory or not. We are
still analyzing to see.
I do not want to leave you with
the impression that 1t has all
been negative in the case Of Bra
gil. In the underdeveloped north
east part Of Brazil. where q strong
regional plan has been effected,
q lot Of progress has been made.
Well over half the aid funds that
we have committed TO the north
east have already been disbursed.
Some Of the individual state govS
ernments have also come up with
sound projects. What we would
like is for the national governs
ment TO come forward with a
strong development program and
the necessary sterilization steps.
for example. against initiation, TO
support 1t.
q. Do you believe that the
three-year economic stabilization
program announced last January
by President Goulart has broken
DOWN.
A. It has substantially broken
down. We have not moved ahead
with financial agreements OF last
March TO help support that
promised program.
copyriEh. 1898 By. the Detroit NsvV,
and washington Star.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
U. S. Aid for Dams

This program includes financial
assistance for dams, municipal
water works, and for pollution
control through elaborate chem
ical plants to hasten sewage dis
posal.
In addition, Congress recently
doubled the funds available for
scientific research in the CONVEX
sion Of sea water for family and
Industrial consumption.
AS of today Americas water
supply is abundant, but 1t Is not
distributed uniformly in relation
to population: and much rainfall
is wasted because it flows to the
sea without ever being used any
where.
with a population Of 1876 million,
this nation consumes aslittle more
than 800 billion gallons daily, and
by 1880 we will need 600 billion
gallons q day for our increased
population.
In all our major cities this water
nov is delivered at the tap for
about 5 to 10 cents ton, or about
IS cents per 1000 gallons.
American industry uses approx
imately one-tenth our daily water
supply. or about 30 billion gallons
daily. For example, it takes $1,000
gallons Of water to produce one
ton Of steel. It takes gao, 900 gal
Ions Of water to produce ton OF
news print.
on top of this tremendous in
dustrial demand we have In recent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Where Cuts Hurt

@. Can you tell us specifically
where you would have to cut back
the Alliance program-if this $3.50
million reduction is sustained.
A. We have been working on
a possible programming Of these
curtailed funds and / assure you
that we could never get the job
done.
am afraid cannot tell you
now on q country-by-c country ba-
sis. But to illustrate with some
examples, q SIS million cut in
housing construction would mean
that IT'S, 900 people would go with
out new low-cost homes next year.
The United States would be pre-
vented from expanding the dis
tribution of surplus food, designed
to feed 6 million more Latin
American children now In school
for the first time. Two million
children would not get new text
books in Central American
schools.
Another 81 million cut would
end support for so mobile med
ical units in 900 villages Of Gen.
trail America where 2 million peo-
pie are receiving medical treat
ment for the first time.
@. Would not other programs
In Latin America still go ahead?
What about the Peace Corps7 VIII
1t be hurt?
A. Indirectly, very much, be-
cause we have supporting pro-
grams for the Peace Corps. For
example. we build the schools.
They train the teachers. II we
do not build the schools, what is
the sense Of training the teach
ers9 We have self-help housing
projects. In these they train the
people TO build their own homes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Weighing the Evidence

Eventually, the Republican.
dominated committee issued q
report clearing Ballinger. A
minority report by Democrats
and insurgents dissented sharply.
But objective observers who
weighed all the evidence consid-
cred Ballinger blameless and Taft
correct.
Pinchot then focused his politi-
cal ambitions on Pennsylvania,
but was beaten when he sought
the Republican nomination for
the Senate in 1914. Although OPP
posed by the COP. organization,
he was elected governor in 1928
and 1881. BY then he was known
as q staunch prohibitionist and
an advocate Of strict regulation
of public utilities.
While governor, he figured in
another noted controversy In 1926.
That year, he waged q brlising
battle for the Senate nomination
against William s. Ware and
George Wharton Pepper. After q
contest In which money was spent
lavishly, Ware won. But Pinchot
bitterly charged that the victory
was partly bought and partly
stolen"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Pinchot Pioneered
AS Conservationist

ment over being questioned. Com
mittee members bickered among
themselves and put off issuing Q
report.
Pinchot was lionized wherever
he appeared. Teddy Roosevelt
was then on O spectacular hunt
ing expedition in Egypt, and his
admirer took ship and met him
on the White Nile. The Rough
Rider praised Pinchot's work. but
was forced to admit the letter
to Senator Dolliver should never
have been written.
While the investigation was still
making headlines, the Democrats.
at the next election, took control
Of the House for the first time
in Is years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

democratic elections and returned
to civilian governments.
@. Do you feel that all Of the
$500 million you requested can be
properly used in Latin America
this year?
A. Yes. And let me say this:
There has been criticism that we
did not utilize $50 million Of the
appropriation for the Alliance
last year. The House has refused
to carry over that money for this
year. Well-the fact is that we
would have been more heavily
criticized II we had spent that aid
last year without the reforms hav-
ing been instituted in Latin Amer
lea. I thought we would have been
congratulated for having stood
our ground, but 1t seems to have
been the other way around. We
have been criticized instead.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

the Alliance suffered from q gen.
eral disenchantment Of foreign
aid-even though during 1916 to
1861 Latin America got only
per cent Of all foreign assistance.
And in contrast with the outright
grants under the Marshall Plan
in Europe, ~ per cent Of aid
funds last year to Latin America
were on q loan, basis. And 80 per
cent is spent in the United States.
U. S. Tired?
@. Do you believe the Senate
viii restore the $3.50 million cut
by the House?
A. I will hope so. I am not say
ing that 1t will or not. It Is i'm
perative that we do not lose mo-
mentum in this program, because
1t will hurt the United States.
Fidel Castro has repeatedly said
the United States Is tired, I'M
willing to back Latin America.
Watch 1t. he says, they will not
come through with the assistance
they have promised.
q. That seems to be portrayed
as q fight between Congress and
the administration. DO you have
anybody else on your side2
A. The business community, as
represented by the United States
Chamber Of Commerce, has given
a pretty favorable Endorsement Of
the program. And George Meany
(AFL-CIO president) indorses the
program very strongly. I think 1t
can be said that we have broad
backing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Mines Depleted

In many parts Of the country
today the cities are actually min
ing" water, with wells 600 to 1000
feet deep. Water tables in Cali
fornia have been dropping steadily
for 20 years, until 1t is no longer
profitable in certain areas to con-
tinue pump mining"
During a difficult drought year
1888, a few more than 1000
American communities from coast
to coast resorted to emergency
water rationing measures. During
one week Of the 1857 drought q
gallon of drinking water in Dallas,
Texas. cost more than o gallon Of
gasoline.
AS Of today this country uses
about one-fourth of its total rain
fall, after evaporation and trans
piration. But the other three
fourths is not an effective econom-
ic resource until It is impounded,
piped. controlled. This is the basic
economic problem Of water devel-
opment-through new dams, res
ervoirs, hydro-power plants, and
irrigation canals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Need of Water Poses Problem
US. Must Meet by Conservation

years piled the enormous daily de-
mand for water in air-condition-
ing, garbage disposal machines,
automatic washing m achines.
swimming pools, irrigation, and
sprinkler systems.
In 1862, the Bureau Of Recla-
nation invested $347 million in
dams, hydroelectric power plants.
transmission lines, and water
works, and this expansion pro-
gram has been stepped UP notably
for 1854, to almost $500 million.
In this tour. President Kennedy
is very close to his predecessor,
Eisenhower, who said in his 1857
tate-of-the- Union message to
Congress: Water rapidly is be-
coming our most precious natural
resource"
Water consumption now runs
approximately $500 gallons per day
for every man, woman and child
in the country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
On the Record Cuts Latin American Aid Endanger PROGRAM

FOLLOWING Is the transcript OF
an ON THE RECORD interview
Nth Teodoro MoScoso, United
States Co-ordtndtor, Alliance
for Progress, Agency for Inter
national Development:
q. Mr.. Moscoso, how seriously
do you view the $50 million cut
by the House Of Representatives
from the Alliance for Progress aid
authorization for this fiscal year2
A. The major thrust Of the cut.
and one that really hurts, Is the
Implication of United States dis
enchantment and lack Of support
for the program.
In 1862. you will recall, Congress
authorized $500 million . year for
a period Of four years TO put IN In
line with the five-year authorize
ton for the entire Agency Of In
ternntional Development (AID).
q. What reaction have you re-
ceived from Latin American coun-
tries?
A. The reaction has been uni
formly bad. It Is that We have
not trust with Latin America, We
have not kept our word. OF course,
there Is q misunderstanding Of the
whole legislation procedure that
must take place before you can
say finally q cut has been made.
II "a difficult for them to under
stand that the Senate II going to
have to look into It, that there will
be . Senate House conference out
Of which some compromise will
emerge.
Why It's Serious
q. DO you believe the cut this
year is more serious than previous
House cuts in foreign aidp
A. Yes, / do. You see. the ALI
ance Is q program based on COM
mitments that were made by the
countries OF Latin America and
the United States. II IL q pro-
gram based on self help and re-
forms that have TO be instituted
by Latin Americans. We have re-
fused 10 give strong support in
those countries where reforms
have not moved fast enough.
Come Of these reforms are diff
ficult political decisions. We have
witnessed our difficulties in get
ting reforms across in our own
Countrywide Indignation or the
tax bill. You Just do not make
basic changes at q snap Of the
finger. After two years Of de-
bate, the countries In Latin
America are now undertaking
these reforms.
But there was always the prom
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
By LAWRENCE SULLIVAN

Expanded conservation and ir-
ngation projects for every major
river system in America will be
urged by President Kennedy on
his forthcoming ten-State tour.
The trip begins Wednesday at
Milford, Pa, the former home of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

President Kennedy begins on
Tuesday ten-State tour Of
the Nation that will alert Amer
leans to q vital problem: How
and where to get water for our
rapidly increasing needs. This
is an article by the CO-OrdinatOr
Of Information for the House
of Representatives who has
made a study Of this cOuntry's
water resources.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

If we cannot provide the homes,
what good is it to train them to
build them2
@. If these countries need the
money and cannot get sufficient
aid from the United States, where
will they turn?
A. I do not think that they are
going to turn to the Soviet bloc
for assistance-unless the situa-
ton becomes desperate. Then OBJ
viously they will try to get help
from wherever they can get 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22

Jima in ls45. There. more than
10000 United States military per-
sonnet lived on fresh water con-
verted on the spot from the
brine Of the Pacific Ocean.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-17
Fabric Helps
Kitchen Decor

Looking for a different
decor for the sliding doors
in the storage cabinet your
husband is building2 Or Cor
q valance you've been want
ing over a picture window?
It's really quite easy. Use
a brightly-colored or pat
termed fabric.
You or your hubby can at
tach it to the valance or
sliding doors readily If the
material used is Masonite
cardboard. Use a wood glue,
smoothing out all creases or
bubbles as soon as the fabric
is applied.
Carry the fabric over the
edges to the back for a neat
job. Ordinary staples can be
used on the back Of the
cardboard to reinforce the
glue.
Be sure the grooves or
tracks, in the case Of slid
ing doors. are wide enough
for the quarterback Mason
lite" and the fabric.