davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tundra times., 1963-03-18

us not get involved in that story. We can keep it for a later time.
 One day, under the prodding of Aunt Mumangeena, Nayukuk set out to find the missionary, to trade two seal skins for some coffee and tea and whatever else he could get.
 Uncle Nayukuk came home with a package under his arm and my aunt and I at once commenced to see what was in it. There was coffee and tea and few other little things. There was also small bag with white round pellets in it.
 Mumangeena asked Nayukuk what they were and he said, "Amai.' q don't know).
 We looked at them but the first thing we found was that the pellets had a strong odor. Upon smelling them Mumangeena said, "Aqaa makua.' (They smell baO.
 As hard as we tried, we could not figure out what they were for. They weren't good to eat because Uncle Nayukuk broke one between his teeth and grimaced with dis taste.
 After while Aunt Mumangeena and I forgot about the pellets and went on about our business, but not Uncle Nayukuk. However, he didn't tell us what he had in mind.
 Surprisingly, early the next morning he went out to hunt. When he came back, he had gotten seal. The next morning, to our amaze.
Tundra times., 1963-03-18
REALLY SOMETHING
 The Hunter Who Got a White Arctic Fox
 With a Little White Ball as Bait

ment, he again went hunting. To us, for some unknown reason, he seemed unusually anxious to hunt. Uncle Nayukuk was not the kind of man to elaborate.
 At my aunt's bidding, was chop- ping driftwood for firewood when I noticed Nayukuk coming home from the hunt. Something white was dangling out of his seal skin pack bag.
 ran up on the roof of our sod igloo and hollered down through the oogruk gut skylight window to Mumangeena that Nayukuk was coming home and that he was pack. ing something white.
 Well, go and see what he is carrying Aunt Mumangeena hol- Tered back.
 ran to meet Nayukuk and when l got to him I found that the white object that dangled ou tof his bag was the tail of an Arctic white fox.
 Mumangeena was, of course, a picture of happiness In those days white fox pelt sold for about $35 or more. I think she was made more happy because Uncle Nayukuk was behaving more like hunter.
 A hunter getting a fox is quite a routine matter in the Arc.:s hut Uncle Nayukuk was probably the only man in the world who ever caught one batting his trap with a mothbal4
Tundra times., 1963-03-18
By Howard Rock Times Editor

Uncle Nayukuk was a quiet man, and somewhat lazy, fact which sometimes made Aunt Muman- geena furious.
 While other men went out hunt ing, Nayukuk would say he did not feel well or he would make some other excuse so weak it was laugh able. These were times Aunt Num- angeena got furious.
 Nayukuk was fine hunter when he did hunt. When he felt like it, he was probably the equal of any great hunter that ever lived. But his spurts of hunting inspiration did not prevail, so in the eyes of his fellow villagers he was just "so- so" hunter The tag his village hung on him never seemed to bother Uncle Nayukuk. He just kept right on being himself.
 Uncle Nayukuk was quite famous too. He wasn't looking for fame but it just happened that way. When the old people he knew were re- minded of it, they smiled with amusement and, I'm sure, with some feeling of awe.
 Uncle Nayukuk is known to have killed probably the largest polar bear that was ever taken in his village. When he dove toward a snarling and roaring 12-foot plus bear and lived to tell the tale, he vas not exactly 2 Weakling. 1Nt let
Tundra times., 1963-03-18

full length of the umiak frame.
 The two men coordinated the lac ing on opposite sides and pulled the line as taut as possible as they worked toward the stern. When this was completed the newly draped skin was as tight as drum.
 Ancient Custom
 During this operation there fol- lowed one of the ancient customs. When the sewn skins were brought out of the house by the men, it was a signal for the children of the will lage to flock to the skin covering operation.
 This was the time for the whaling captains wife to bring out tidbits that had been previously prepared to pass around to the children in honor of the occasion. In the old days these consisted of pieces of muktuk, frozen whale meat, akutuq (Eskimo icecream), or pieces of cooked caribou.
 In the present day this custom has changed a great deal. The chil- dren have been educated to goodies like candy bars, koolaid, and cook ies, so that is what the captains wives are now giving the children
 The reason for this custom prob- ably sprang from the ancient Es- kimo's attempt to allay the moods of their whaling god. Some villages apparently had different gods. The Point Hopers had one whom they called Allingnuk, the whaling god who dwelled on the moon.
 Goodness Meant Children
 The philosophy of the Eskimos leaned strongly toward kindness and goodness to children. While they didn't coddle them to an extensive degree (there are exceptions, of course), there was strong family bond. A spoiled child is looked on with disfavor by the people.
 In the eyes of the ancient Eski- mos. children were good and in treating them in kindly manner in the eyes of their whaling god, was to instill kind feelings so that he might reward them with a boun- tiful season.
 When the newly covered skin was done, it was put up on high racks to keep it out of reach of loose
Tundra times., 1963-03-18

and must have food for subsis- tence. You can marry him so he can take care of us. Some day I will return to you.'
 She consented to his request. She married the young hunter. He took good care of her, and she in return made many beautiful clothes for him.
 One late evening she and her husband were leisurely lounging around their igloo, a man entered. He was a stranger to him, but not to her.
 Welcome, and sit down, my wife will give you some food to eat" as he gestured with his hands for her to carry out his wishes
 She didn't move but sat with a smile on her face as she finally spoke to her second husband, "This is my former husband, hero who has sacrificed his life to kill both of our enemies the Ongilug'nylok. :"
 Without any comments, her sec ond husband gathered his personal belongings and peaceably walked out of their igloo.
 It was a happy reunion for Nu- pug'iak and his wife. They lived an undisturbed life with the people of the first settlers of Kunigmute, the ancestors of Kikik'tugrunmute. ((peopA sf xstssbvse .s
Tundra times., 1963-03-18

dogs and to be dried by the wind and sun. When thoroughly dried, the skin took on an almost cream- white shade.
 Ice Trail
 After the whale hunting equip- ment has been prepared/ the men turn their thoughts to preparing trail to the leads, or water that open with the currents and the north wind, between the main ice off shore and the cleavage line of the moving ice.
 Between the cleavage line and the shore there are usually stretches of rough hummocked ice that are impossible to skirt unless the men travel great distances to do so. The thing they must do is to chop a trail so the umiaks on low sleds, pulled by teams of dogs or the men, could be transported to hunting lo- cations on the edge of the lead.
 At the junction of the trail from the village and the open water each crew launches its umiak, loads it, and paddles southward or north. ward and picks out its camping To. cation, site the captain thinks as likely place.
 These whaling camps might be from quarter of mile to half a mile apart and stretch for several miles along the lead.
 Strangely Exciting
 The preparation for whaling has been made and now it is time for the strangely exciting, exhilerating moments of nervous tension, hopes for safety and above all, hopes fog a bountiful season.
 Thus the mood of the whole vil- lage changed. The hunt was on. The people who must stay home in the village, women children, old women, old men, nursed tensions, no less than their men who were actually on the hunt.
 They hoped for their mems safety. This would come from the mems skill, courage, and their presence of mind under dangerous situations. They expected of their men all these qualities and fortunately they possessed them.
 Preparations for the great whale hunt is one of the great chapters of survival of man in the Arctic.
Tundra times., 1963-03-18

always been the first law of the hunt. The position of the umiak has a great bearing on the safety of the crew and is the product of time of experience of the ancient whal- CTS. What was gained through ex- perience and proven to be valuable was carefully handed down for the benefit of the younger generations.
 The manner of padding the umiak without making bubbling sounds with the paddle is one of the important things the men have to do. The whale has keen hearing ability while submerged. The pad dle must never touch the gunwhale of the umiak.
 The vital spots on which to strike the whale also were of great importance. Precision, coolness, and presence of mind were emphasized before, during, and after the whale had been struck. The nature and pattern of the thrashing flukes were discussed so that the hunters would best be able to avoid the deadly sweeps.
 Umiak, The Skin Boat
 The most vital need of the whal- CTS was the umiak. This craft was made especially for whaling but it was also used extensively for other purposes, such as a means of ma rine transportation or for travelling up rivers.
 Its vital importance was for whal- ing purposes, of course. Its design was made for easy padding, the only means of propulsion the an- cient whalers had. Present day whalers still use paddles. It is the best way to apporach whales sil- ently, without alerting them by noises)
 The lines of the umiak were made so that six or seven men could pad dle the craft to easily overtake the whale.
 Every few years whaling umiaks had to be recovered with oogruk skins because. in time. the sinew began to wear out and the stitches began to open up. Also, after being used for going up rivers he skin on the bottom of the boat ,ot deep scratches from striking gainst sharp rocks.
 The umiak may have looked fra l
Tundra times., 1963-03-18

gile but it was not. It was re- markedly sturdy craft. One reason for this was that it had the give which made it absorb shocks sur lrisingly well.
 Six Oogruk Skins
 It took six oogruk skins to cover whaling umiak about 24-feet long
 The whaling captains wife us- ually took charge of the sewing of the skins. She called in about six women, usually her close friends or those women who were excep- tionally good at sewing.
 The skins used were cured until the hair peeled off. They trimmed the edges and commenced to sew the skins together.
 This operation was usually a light-hearted affair where the women stopped occasionally for snacks, bantered, gossiped and laughed
 They used waterproof stitches on the outside, or water side of the skin, leaving an overlap of about an inch and half on the inside. This overlap was sewn using the same stitch for insurance against leak age. After completing the sewing, the women made small slits all around the cover so it could be laced to the umiak frame with raw hide thong
 Mems Turn
 When the women completed their work, it was the men's turn to fin ish covering the umiak.
 The sewn skins were rolled from the stern end to the bow and taken out of the house to where the frame of the umiak had been suspended upside down on racks about two and half feet off the ground.
 Laced
 The men placed the rolled skin on top of the bow, fitted the skin on it, and then unrolled it to fit the stern After the skin had been draped in that manner on the boat frame, it was time to lace it on.
 Two men got under the bow and fastened the ends of two long oog- ruk rawhide lines and commenced to lace on the skin by putting the line through the slits on and around a horizontal brace that went the
Tundra times., 1963-03-18
By Howard Rock Times Editor

The great tradition of whaling on the Arctic coast of Alaska remained, from the past to the present, as a time of expectancy and keen excite ment. It has been looked upon with a sense of reverence because it has afforded to whaling communities a key to survival. A bountiful season means food for a year. It also af- fords great challenge and a dang erous one.
 The very size of the animal de- manded respect and the great whale had to be hunted with precision. Little room was left for mistakes. Mistakes meant real danger to life and limb.
 The type of whale the coastal Es- kimos hunt is the bowhead This monstrous marine animal has been taken up to 65 to 70 tons, perhaps even larger The baleen on the large ones caught has measured up tC 15 feet and jawbones up to q feet It is little wonder that ex- treme care has to be taken in hunt ing these titans of the sea. To err means disaster
 Preparation
 March is the month of the year when whaling preparations usually began. Equipment is looked over and repaired. New gear is made and made carefully so it can be used to the fullest possible effectiveness. Women skin seals taking the entire flesh and bone out of it using only the neck opening to operate through and leaving only the last knuckle bones in the flippers.
 These are made into seal skin floats, a great necessity. because a whale when killed sinks to the bottom. It has to be kept afloat with the use of the inflated seal skins
 Old Whalers Consulted
 During the preparations old whal- CTS, usually retired whaling cap- tains who were too old to hunt any longer, were consulted for advice. More often than not they volun- 1 teered their eservices to younger Whalers. Their knowledge of whal- ng procedures was invaluable. They lave had vital practical experiences. Proper procedure in whaling has
Tundra times., 1963-03-18
LEGEND OF KOTZEBUE Second Husband Bows Out;
 Hero and Wife Reunited

Editors Note: Emily Ivanoff Brown is a widely known teacher in Alaska. Mrs. Brown is now studying at the University of Alaska. The following is the con- cluding chapter of the Legend of Kotzebue Village written by Mrs. Brown. Kotzebue is one of the largest Eskimo settlements in the
 Arctic today.)
 By Emily Ivanoff Brown
 Nupug'iak who was now an anil mal, travelled along one moonlit night toward the village where his wife was waiting for him. He was thankful that at last home was near Not even a dog was in sight as he climbed in the sled. He felt very comfortable inside of his warm parka. Passing of time didn't matter much to him now. He was safely settled in his new home.
 He slept very comfortably during the night This was the beginning of his Information. His wife took care of him for a whole year. She was comforted and knew he would soon become man and live with her someday.
 As the time went on, another man courted her and wanted to marry her. She confided this problem to Ter infant husband. He said to her, ! cant hunt for yov any moCe. Xot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-12

It should be noted here that land turtles,
unlike most water turtles, are quite capable of
swallowing food out of water and frequently
prefer this method to drowning. The turtles
throat is "S"-shaped, so that the beast must
stretch its neck full length to eat and often
gives the appearance of gagging over its din
ner. Higher class turtle keepers do not tease
or brighten their pets during mealtime, be-
cause the turtles will draw in their heads, kink
up their swallowing tubes and choke.
For anyone who has owned an assortment
Of normal female pets, the box turtles reluc-
lance to breed in captivity is good thing. Even
when mixed with abandon, box turtles of op-
posite sex are not likely to produce baby box
turtles.
In the natural state, something really un-
imaginable happens. Most reference books
refer to it as mating" and let il 60 at that Then
the lady box turtle scratches out deep hole in
loose dirt and lays clutch of six or seven
leathery little eggs. She covers the eggs and
promptly forgets about them, leaving them to
hatch in the warmth of the sun. II takes about
two months to hatch turtle eggs, depending
upon outside temperatures and whether or
not the mother turtle has been trailed to her
nest by hungry snake which happens more
often than most turtles care to admit
Small young box turtles are rarely seen,
because instinct tells them they are choice
menu items for lot Of other animals, so they
have to spend number of years hiding under
logs and bushes making themselves unpalat
able. When they are fullgrOwn, box turtles be-
come indigestible and overconfident, and they
sometimes come right out Of hiding and onto
the highway, where they are smashed Nat
Still and all, the shy small turtle is to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-12

PRINGTIME is well under way and moving
~ toward summer, and the earth has yielded
up most Of its winter sleepers. Among our local
hibernatOrs, there is one that will make an
especially satisfactory summer pet It is the
common brown and yellow box turtle, the most
attractive member Of the land-based, cold
blooded reptile clan which includes copper
heads and lizards and other nauseating
animals.
The box turtles qualifications for petship
are many, the most important being that it does
not require Tor expect HOUSEKEEPING Box
turtles may be kept more or less sanitarily in
large cardboard box, lightly sOdded and
planted with weed or two for natural effect
A custard cup or jar top filled with water and
sunk into the sod will satisfy any ordinary
turtles drinking needs
Box turtles do not perspire and cannot
under any circumstances be considered self.
air-eonditi0ned. Therefore, they appreciate a
cool, moist situation in the summertime, and
if left to themselves they will burrow under
six inches Of mud on hot day and stay there
until the weather breaks. The captive turtle
must be housed in partial shade and protected
from the afternoon sun. Dehydrated turtles
do not make amusing pets because they are
subject to fits Of melancholia and death.
Box turtles are easy to feed. They thrive on
a simple diet Of raw hamburger, berries and
melons, tomato, lettuce and fleshy bugs Bugs
must be presented live, and they should be
crippled bit for the exceptionally slow turtle
Mrs. COsneH HUes in Potomac, Md, which is
only one cfthe suburban Washington communities
where turtles still flourish. n portion Of this
article appeared earlier in the Potomac Almanac.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-12
BY CAROLYN cosNELl

preferred as pet over the bold, red-eyed old
battler. The latter may be of uncertain temper.
ament and it may-if hungry show peculiar
appetite for the end joint Of child's finger.
While turtles do not have teeth, they do have
hard, grittyedged and powerful jaws Turtle
bites can be painful and dirty, and they should
be avoided unless there's absolutely nothing
else to do.
Considering that many turtles are obliged
to survive in poor health and under the worst
possible conditions for long periods Of time, it
is surprising that the incidence of suicide
among box turtles is nil. In fact, most of them
live to be hundred years old in spite of every
thing
But regardless of their hardness and
longevity, box turtles should not be kept cap
tive indefinitely by amateurs. Indoor winter
turtles may suffer vitamin and mineral short
ages that lead to softening of the shell and
other diseases. Turtles can be forcefed vita
minis, but this form Of therapy requires at least
two people one to hold open its jaws and an
other to drop in the cod liver oil It's frustrat
ing job and not the kind of thing that anyone
would want to have to discuss with his bank
president
~ 10 OOtu WASCS anu kluuSE 10 IcledSe the
summer turtle before frost, so that il can find
q soft bed for the winter and dig in. There will
always be another spring and another box
turtle that needs home.
Consider this one final recommendation
for the beast: turtles do not bark, whine, howl
or whimper. The voice of the turtle" is hap
PLY absent except on high noon Of hangover,
when its soft-sliding tread may seem the beat
of thousand hooves over q field of bass
drums. But that is another story.+
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-12

Mrs. COsneH iUes in Potomac, Md, which is
only one Of the suburban Washington communities
where turtles still flourish. A portion Of this
article appeared earlier in the Potomac almanac.
Evening star., 1963-02-05
Williams Confers,
On Aid to AIqeriu

ALGIERS, Feb. 5 (AP).-G
Mennen williams, United States
Assistant Secretary of State
for African Affairs, conferred
with Premier Ahmed Ben Bella
yesterday about additional
American aid after he made q
tour Of the countryside.
In the Constantine region Of
Eastern Algeria, Mr.. Williams
tramped up muddy hills to see
tree-planting projects.
THE American people can
take great satisfaction IN the
careful use Of the food for
peace in Algeria" he said.
"One system provides salaries
for work relief projects for re-
forestation and the other pro-
vides necessary food for desti-
tute families according to their
needs. j.. The American people
like to help people who help
themselves"
Mr.. Ben Bella issued a state
ment after his conference with
Mr.. Williams saying he BELIEVES
the Assistant Secretary under
stands our problems and will
carry them back to President
Kennedy and tell him of the
great effort we are making"
Evening star., 1963-02-05
Stocks Decline
| 10 7 Points,;
Trading Active

NEW YORK, Feb. 5 (APj
The stock market went
through a fairly sharp sell-ofi
early this afternoon. Trading
was moderately active.
Losses of key stocks were
fractions to ] or 2 points.
The correction of the pro-
longed and large advance came
as no surprise to Wall Street
Analysts had predicted that II
General Motors did not raise
its dividend there would be
disappointment. GIN declared
only the usual quarterly divi-
dend yesterday. AS the news
was more widely published to-
day. the market reacted.
Hopes were dampened in re-
gard to a possible dividend in
crease for Chrysler when di-
rectors meet later this week.
The auto stocks took some
sharp losses, along with steels,
chemicals, utilities, drugs and
a variety Of other issues.
The fact that a number of
component issues were selling
eXdividend served to make the
decline in the average greater
than it would be ordinarily.
Prices on the American Stock
Exchange were mixed in mod
crate trading.
Corporate bonds were mixed.
Government bonds we're easy
in very slow trading.
Evening star., 1963-02-05
unofficial.


Unless otherwise noted, rates OF divi-
dends in the foregoing table are annual
disbursements based on the last quarterly
or semi-annual declaration. Special or
extra dividends or payments not desig-
mated as regular are identified In the
following footnotes.
a-Also extra or extras. b-Annual rate
plus stock dividend. CALCULATING divi-
dend. d-Declared or paid in 1853 plus
stock dividend. Paid last year. T. Pay.
able In stock during 1859, estimated cash
value on ex-dividend or redistribution
date. g-Declared or paid so far this
year. h-Declared or paid after stock
dividend or split up. k-Declared or paid
this year, an accumulative issue with
dividends in arrears. p-Paid this year,
dividend omitted, deferred or no action
taken at last dividend meeting. r-De.
clared or paid in 1867 plus stock divi.
dend. T-Payable In stock during 1852.
estimated cash value, on ex-dividend or
ex distribution date.
Z-Sales in full.
cid Called. xd -Ex dividend. KIDS
Ex distribution. xr Ex rights. XIV With.
out warrants. ww-With warrants. wd-
When distributed. wi-When issued. nd
Next day delivery.
VII bankruptcy or receivership or
being reorganized under the Bankruptcy
Act, or securities assumed by such com.
panles.
Evening star., 1963-02-05
lag Discount Stores
FuiIed During Yeor

NEW YORK, Feb. S (AP).-
Discount store failures last year
numbered 146 and involved $74
million total liabilities. the
Discounters Digest reported.
The publication said the Ii
abilities amounted to 81 per
cent of the total for all re-
failing failures, even though
only 2 per cent-one failure in
50-was a discounting opera
ton.
Casualties included operators
of varied size stores discount
ing all kinds Of merchandise, as
well as operators Of leased de-
partments in discount stores.