davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

West Under Lenin And Stain"
asserts that Roosevelt was inter-
ested only In their momentary
psychological effect on the Amer
lean public. not on their effective
ness In practice"
Former Ambassador 10y W.
Henderson. now q professor Of in
ternational relations at American
University. was working in the
Eastern European office Of the
State Department in 1888. He had
a hand In drafting some Of the
basic documents Of the recogni-
ton deal and he, like Mr.. Ken
nan, recalls the impression at the
time that their main purpose was
in domestic politics. But Mr.. Hen
derson also recalls that President
Roosevelt thought the Russians
might live up to the commitments.
II think It's terribly important"
Mr.. Henderson said Q few days
ago, mot to act on q false basis
in international affairs. II we es-
tablish relations with another
country on q false basis it's going
to cause trouble and more trouble
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

which, If not used in this way, will
probably never be used at all by
us. Nevertheless, nothing actually
occurred during my time there as
Ambass ador. Things are now
about to occur, I understand; but
the delays were long and discour-
aging. I should think that If a
man enjoys such confidence on
the part Of his government that
he can be intrusted with the
responsibilities Of an important
diplomatic mission, 1t ought also
to be possible to intrust him with
a limited control over funds, not
major funds, Just governmental
pocket money. so that he could at
least make minor dispositions af-
fecting Government property at
his post, without waiting years for
approval.
With the respect to m alters
falling under the competence Of
AID, found our governmental
procedures slow and inflexible to
an alarming degree. In general, I
felt that the time for aid to Yu-
goSlavia had passed. The aid pro-
grams were in fact generally dis
mantled during the period Of my
service there; and this was In ac-
cordance with my own recommen-
dations. But there were times
when a minor area Of discretion
on the part Of the Ambassador
would have yielded dividends from
the standpoint Of national inter-
est, and when the absence Of 1t
was frustrating and embarrassing.
This, again, was primarily q mat
ter Of congressional policy-par-
ticularly Of the existence of sweep
ing and rigid restrictions on aid,
or anything that smacked Of aid,
towards Yugoslavia. As an exam
pie, we were seriously handi-
capped by these legislative restric-
tons when 1t came to trying to
render assistance In the case Of
the Skoplje earthquake. This was
surely unnecessary. If the legisla-
tive stipulation had only allowed
us relatively small sum, to be
used at the discretion Of the Am
bassador or the Secretary of State
in instances when there appeared
to be special need, we would have
been spared this sort Of embar-
rasSment.
3. Relations with Congress.
I mention with some hesitation
these instances of the limitations
placed by legislative action on the
ability of the Ambassador to play
his part effectively. I have no
choice but to do so; for these were
the main impediments I expe-
rienced to the full deployment Of
my usefulness at my post. do not
need to remind you Of the restric-
tons placed last year, not only on
the extension Of anything under
the heading of aid, but even on
the extension Of normal trading
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

ment Of State had discretion to
act, ough h, Of course, there
were such cases, too. The trouble
usually occurred where the De-
partment Of State. or at least its
central organs, did not have pri-
mary responsibility for the deci-
sion. The difficulties were great
est. 1t seemed to me, when the
matters in question were ones
considered to lie within the pri-
mary competence Of A. I. D., Of
the Pentagon, Of the budgetary or
fiscal authorities, or Of those au-
thoritieS Il am ashamed to say
that do not know exactly who
they are) which backstop the De-
partment Of State In, and In some
respects control. such matters as
the issuance Of passports, visa,
re-entry permit, etc.
With these latter, In particular,
I felt the lack Of any effective IL
Alison. They included, I suppose,
people in the immigration Service,
and IN the FBI. I was never sure
that they understood, or shared,
or respected. the policy determi-
nations Of the Department Of
State with relation to Yugoslavia.
I had the impression, perhaps err
roneous. that many Of these peo-
pie were going on the assumption
that YugoSlavia was q member Of
the Soviet bloc, q thesis contrary
to our own observations and to
the established analysis Of the De-
partment. This hampered our OPP
erationS and had, In q number Of
instances, what I considered to be
adverse effects on our operations
in the field.
In budgetary and fiscal matters,
again, the Ambassador was sadly
powerless. In general, he simply
took what he got. The Depart
ment Of State might receive his
recommendations sympathetically;
but the department itself was too
lacking in flexibility and authority
to put them into effect with any
firmness or promptness. Such rec
concentrations had a habit Of
trailing off into the mysteries of
the Budget Bureau, or the Treas
ury, or congressional appropria-
tons committees. to a point where
all track Of them was lost, where
months and years went by, and
the Ambassador eventually either
was transferred or forgot he had
made them. At an early stage in
my ambasSadorship, made rec
concentrations for new fencing
around the residence In Belgrade,
owned by our Government, also
for swimming pool for staff rec
reational purposes, and for an
extension Of the E m b a ssy resi-
dence. The changes were obvious
ly desirable. We had literally tens
OF million dollars piled up in local
currency, which might have been
drawn on for most Of the costs Of
these improvements, and much Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Need for Trode

A second consideration was the
need for trade, which the Rus
SLAMS were actually unable to fl
nance. They aimed, therefore, to
get the United States to finance
the export Of its own goods to the
Soviet Union by advancing large
scale credits.
Significantly, exactly the same
proposition appeared many years
later in United States Soviet ex-
changes when Premier Nikita
Khrushchev told President Eisen-
hover that Russia would like to
buy United States products If the
United States would finance the
purchases through credits.
Mr.. Kennan develops the theme
in his book, Russia and the
West" that the Soviet leaders
from the early years Of the 1917
seizure Of power in Russia expect
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
The Western ExompIe

Beyond these two down-to-
earth pressures for establishment
Of full friendly relations stood the
central question Of what Russis's
purposes in the world were and
what she was after, as seen from
Washington.
Hull put one face on United
States foreign policy in this re-
spect because he took the line that
If only the men in the Kremlin
could be assure d the Soviets
would come out Of their walled
fortresses, their dark forests and
their vast steppes to join adj
vanced and enlightened nations In
building a new world civilization.
Hull's fundamental belief about
Russia seemed to be wrapped up
in this sentence from his mem
oirs: Long isolated in her
Northern SHOWS, she did not have
the knack of dealing with other
nations on basis Of understand
ing, friendliness, and freedom
from suspicion"
An almost completely opposite
point Of view was held by the pro-
fessional experts on Soviet affairs
of whom Mr.. KEENAN, has been an
outstanding spokesman. Mr.
KEENAN, most recently was Am
bassador to Yugoslavia and is now
associated with Princeton Univer-
sity.) ,
But the hard core Of this view
was set forth by Mr.. Henderson in
a perceptive criticism on United
States-Soviet relations in 1896. II
was q secret report which he
made to Secretary Hull and it was
not published until 20 years later.
"It seems to me-" Mr.. Hender-
son wrote Secretary Hull, that
the Soviet government in general
pursues much more Of a progress
sively aggressive foreign policy
than do most powers I am
convinced that the establish
ment Of a union Of world Soviet
Socialist Republics is still the ultiI
mate objective Of Soviet foreign
policy"
Mr.. Henderson's report was dat
ed on the third anniversary Of rec
ignition, November 16. 1886.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
An Historic Letter

The letter United States recognition OF
SoUiet Russia:
THE WHITE HOUSE
Washington November 16, 1888
My dear Mr. Ltvinov:
I am very happy to inform you that result Of
conversations the Government of the United States
has decided to establish normal diplomatic relations
with the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics and to exchange ambassadors.
I trust that the relations established between
our peoples may forever remain normal and friendly and
that nations henceorth may cooperate for their
mutual benefit and for the preservation OF the peace OF
the world
am, my dear Mr.. Ltvinov
Very sincerely yours,
Mr. Maxim NJ Litvinov,
Peoples CommisSar for Foreign Affairs,
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
The Poles Of the Policy

The sentiment expressed by Mr.
Hull and the statement made by
Mr.. Henderson mark out the OPP
posite poles Of United States for!
eign policy thinking about the So,
Wet Union during all the 80 years
which have elapsed since recogni-'
ton.
When the SovietS demonstrate
an interest in cooperation, per-
haps because they have renewed,
hopes of q big loan. or perhaps
because Of troubles with Red Chi
ma, the spirit Of the Hull analysis
comes to the fore.
When Soviet aggressiveness
threatens Berlin or some different
part Of the world the notion that
the Russians are bent upon world
conquest bounces back into popu-
lar consciousness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Breok-off Possible

Mr.. Bullitt recalled years later
that Roosevelt knew the Soviets
might very well break all their
promises. However, he said, the
President also thought that If they
did so the United States would
have the option Of breaking off
relations - q step that actually
was never seriously considered.
The recognition theory at the
time outwardly displayed a hope
for increasing cooperation be-
tween the United States and the
Soviet Union.
This same hope underlay Roose-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

velt's grand design for postwar
planning In the early l940s.
It fed his enthusiasm for the
United Nations. It was the failure
Of this persistent dreaf Of United
States-Soviet cooperation which
split the q. N. and led into the
cold war.
Such developments could hardly
have been foreseen in 1888. The
beginnings Of World War u were
then half q decade away and the
realignments of the postwar
world In the emergence Of the two
great super powers. the United
States and Russia, were totally
obscured In the darkness Of q dis
tant and stormy future.
What was apparent In 1898 was
the record Of the Soviets to date.
But it was q record about which
there was controversy IN United
States domestic policies.
It took American leaders years
to figure out that the central,
hard-core issue with which they
had to deal was Russia's agrees
siveness as q power. In 1888 the
distinction was still unclear be-
tween power and politics. There
was also a strong moral condem-
nation Of the Soviet government.
which had fostered the United
States policy Of non-recognition
in the 1920s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

in our relationship with that coun-
try"
william C. Bullitt was the first
United States Ambassador to the
Soviet Union following recogni-
ton. He had been an assistant to
Secretary Of State Cordell Hull in
that first New Deal year and q
close adviser Of Roosevelt's on
Russian policy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
We Recognized Soviet Russia 30 Years Ago

The other major motivation was
a quest for trade and the increase
In Jobs that would go with 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Politics and Business

Yankee shrewdness also came
into the definition of relations.
One official Of the times recalled
recently that President Hoover
laid down the doctrine that poll
tics should not interfere with busi-
ness. Thus there was trade be-
tween Russia and the United
States for many years before there
was recognition.
When Roosevelt came into office
the country was preoccupied with
the awful burdens and fears of the
depression, so that the problem Of
whether to recognize Russia was
overshadowed by bread and butter
issues.
However the Russian issue had
been debated in the election cam
paign and Roosevelt, with strong
liberal and left wing support, had
promised to work for opening Of
diplomatic relations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
BY JOHN NJ. HIGHTOWER.
Associated Pres stan writer

Ths United States recognized
the Communist government Of
Russia 80 years ago this week. In
the deal It got . deceptive set Of
paper promises which the Rus
slams junked almost before the
ink was dry.
The deal put the Kremlin and
White House ION speaking terms"
as Franklin d. Roosevelt once
said, for the first time. But It did
o lot more than that.
It helped to set the stage for Q
coalition Of the anti-Nad powers
In World War II. It clearly defined
for the first time the two faces Of
United States policy toward Rus
STA. It spotlighted many Of the Is
sues that still trouble q. s.-Soviet
relations to this day - trade, for
example.
And 1t did all these things at q
maximum cost IN public mis-
understanding.
One Of the great lessons Of the
affair, in the opinion Of profess
sional diplomats, Il that Roose-
welt did the right thing In the
wrong way.
The right thing, a. the experts
saw 1t ct the time, was to e.
tablish diplomatic relations with
Moscow. But the wrong thing
was to Try to exact Q price which
the experts knew the Russians
would never pay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
The Bosie Decision

Officials Of the Truman, Eisen-
hover and Kennedy adminiStra-
tons have all made the same ba-
sic decision In turn. This u that
agreements based on trust are no
good with the Soviet Union. The
agreements must be. the late Sec
Rotary Of State John Foster Dulles
used to say, self-enforcing.
After last falls Cuban crisis,
President Kennedy and Secretary
Of State Dean Rusk renewed their
resolve that promises to pay had
little place In United States
Soviet relations Of the future.
Roosevelt's basic mistake was
to act as II he expected the Sta
linist administration in Russia to
ID settle up the old Czartst debts
to the United States, ca put an
end to Communist agitation In
this country for the overthrow Of
the q. 8. Government and CD to
see that Americans working In the
Soviet Union were protected
against unreasonable spy charges
and allowed to practice religious
freedom.
It seems Q debatable question
whether President Roosevelt &C
tually thought that the Soviet gov
eminent would fulfill the deal,
which he made with Foreign Com
misSar Maxim Ltvinov on Novem-
Der 10. 1888. the day Of recogni-
ton.
Experts with first-hand knowl-
edge suggest that Roosevelt was
essentially cynical IN his attitude
knurnrA Ana .,r.n.,alnn. Ia ...A..nnLnl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10

SoUiet Russia:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-10
Psychological Effect

Ambassador George F. KEENAN,
In his 1860 book, Russia and the
Evening star., 1963-05-31
CIeveIond-Rice

Mr.. and Mrs. Richard s.
Cleveland of Kensington an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter Suzanne TO
Mr.. Morris H. Rice. son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert r.
Rice Of Mishawaka, Ind. A
September wedding is plan
ned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Best-LIewelIyn

Mr.. and Mrs. Richard
HalSey Best Of Santa
Monica, Calf, announce the
engagement of their daugh-
ter Barbara Ann to Mr.. Lynn
Gresham Llewellyn. son OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Haskell v.
Llewellyn of Falls Church.
A late June wedding Is
planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
SuIIivon-MuIIins

Mr.. and Mrs. Daniel j.
Sullivan announce the en-
gagement Of their daughter
Patricia Ann to Mr.. Hugh
James Mullins. son Of Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph F. Mullins,
sr. A September wedding is
planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Gordon-Munqum

Mr.. and Mrs. David L.
Gordon announce the en-
gagement of their daughter
Frances Manning to DR..
Billy w. Mangum, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Barney w.
Mangum Of Mize, Miss. A
June wedding is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
ConneII-Grinm

Mrs. Earl jackson Clanton
Of South Laguna, Calf, an
nounces the engagement Of
her daughter Miss Waja
Connell to 1t. Edward An
thony Grimm, son. Of Capt.
and Mrs. Edward E. Grimm.
Miss Connell is also the
daughter Of the late Mr..
Wayne Connell. A late June
wedding Is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
KIovdohI-W

Mr.. and Mrs. Gordon J.
Klovdahl Of Silver Spring
announce the engagement Of
their daughter Carol Ann to
Mr.. John Richard Wilmer,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. John H.
Wilmer of Silver Spring
A November wedding is
planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Vrana
of College Park, Md, an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter Barbara Anne
to Mr.. Alexander B. 10th.
jr., son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Alexander B. 10th Of Be-
thesda. An August wedding
is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
BiIIinoton-CoIbert

Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond c.
Ellington Of Silver Spring
announce the engagement Of
their daughter Pamela Jeanne
to Mr.. Roger r. Colbert, son
Of Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Col
bert Of Sarasota, Fla.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Diuz-McTiqhe

1t. Col. Jose Diaz, USAF,
and Mrs. Diaz Of Arlington
announce the engagement Of
their daughter Bonnie Ruth
to 1t. G.g0 John Terence
McTighe, USNR, son Of Mr..
and Mrs. John P. McTighe Of
Cincinnati, Ohio. An autumn
wedding is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Keefe-Font

Mrs. Thomas j. Keefe, sr.,
announces the engagement Of
her daughter Barbara Eliza
beth to Staff Sgt. John Mil
lican Fant OF Birmingham,
Ala. Miss Keefe is also the
daughter OF the late Mr..
Thomas j. Keefe, sr. A late
summer wedding is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Connor-Sh

Mr.. and Mrs. Gordon b.
Connor OF Annandale, Va,
announce the engagement Of
their daughter Kate Ruth 10
Mr.. John P. Sheehan. jr.. son
OF Mr.. and Mrs. John p.
Sheehan OF Needham, Mass.
An August wedding is plan
ned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Goeke-Woods

Mr.. and Mrs. Roscoe H.
Cooke Of Potomac, Nd, an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter Linda Ruth
to Mr.. Gary Wayne Woods,
son Of Mrs. Howard A. Rich
ardson Of Kensington, Md,
and Mr.. Carl H. Woods Of
Charleston. w. Va. A Sep
tember wedding is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Wolsh-OKeefe

Mr.. and Mrs. William A.
Walsh Of Salem, Mass. an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter Martha A. to
Mr.. John A. O'Keefe, jr.. son
of DR.. and Mrs. John A.
O'Keefe. An August wedding
is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
ButIer-NerunQis

Mr.. and Mrs. Charles T.
Butler Of Kensington an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter Kathleen to
Midshipman Nicholas Neran-
gis, USNA, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. James Nerangis Of
Utica, N. Y. A December
wedding Is MANNED.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
ENGAGED
Rloon-O'Neil

Mr.. and Mrs. Loren A.
Bloom of Tracy's Landing,
Md, and this city announce
the engagement of their
daughter Jana Carolyn to
Mr.. william j. ONeil, jr..
son of Mrs, William j. O'Neil
and the late Mr.. O'Neill Of
Cincinnati. Ohio. An august
wedding is planned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
Evuns-AIIen

1t. Col. and Mrs. Louis c.
Evans Of Silver Spring an
nounce the engagement OF
their daughter Beverly Jean
10 Mr.. John Alfred Allen III,
son OF DR.. and Mrs. John A.
Allen Of Pittsburgh, Pa. A
September wedding is plan
ned.
Evening star., 1963-05-31
0oonon-Moteer

Mr.. and Mrs. ovila Gagnon
OF Moosup, Conn. announce
the engagement OF their
daughter Phyllis Ann 10 Mr..
John Francis Mateer. jr.. son
OF Mr.. and Mrs. John Francis
Matter, n. A September we'd
ding Is planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
CHARLES H. JAMESON
MANOR ESTATE
800 ACRES
2 BRICK MANSIONS

A gracious iO-rm. Civil War era
brick, 2-story Colonial manor
house. Tedesigned for living com
fort, artistieally blended into the
landscape bordering on the Mo-
nocacy. River oyerlooking Sugar
loaf Mountain 10 the east. the
Catoetin and MaSsanutten Noun
tain ranges 70 the west. the
l6xi7 entr. hall with loft. cell
ing. open staircase, powder rm.,
fireplace bespeaks the space and
the warmth Of the home. North
Of the .entr. hall one enters the
2Ox2s lly, rm. with firepl.. ~
~ bay window and lOx32 porch
s snS,A Win islo oa,l windows.
through the entr. hall. one enters
openins onto an snci. side porch.
then q i7xis kit. eompl. mod
equipped, then a buffers pantry
beyond which IA q maids rm. and
eompl. bath. End floor consists Of
the master suite, firepl., pvt
bath and dressing table. scr.
enel. galley porch, . other master
bedrms. and bath. fully floored
attic, full bsmt with gOx2k game
or rec. rm., DARK rm. for ph0toa-
raphy, furnace rn,, o,h,sw.h h.. pro-
feasionally Handicapped grounda
containing hundreds Of boxwoods,
rhododendra, dogwood. and flow
ering shrub. q swimming pool,
with bath house, New 30xBO horse
barn and workshop. another pre-
Civil War Term. eenter-hall brick
mansion with flreplA., q bedrms !.
~ baths, o.h.-w,h., splendid 81
rm, frame tenant house with bath
and heat H0-eow dairy barn
equipped for y. c. market. a8Ks0
maternity barn. 10xs0 equipment
shed, productive fertile Frederick
Co, soil. Leased t37B per mo.
excl. OF main house. i.mile river
frontage. fishing, boating. swim
ming or other recreatlonal and
riparian rights, ! mile hard road
ifontage on arterial route and
State roads, a. miles D. e.
Adaptability. charm, comfort, Sc.
ourity and luxurious living are
al incl BY appt. 100000, ~ cash
CHARLES II. JAMESON
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

RETIREMENT, W. VA.
70 acres, good 5-rm. house with
path, heat and phone. Barn and
stLeam on prop, on good T., az
mrs ID. c. $4,000. Dr.. 81, 800.