davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
Nosser Goes Slow

Mr.. Nasser, recognizing the hos
tility of the Bathists. has pro-
ceeded slowly on the road toward
Arab unity. Although he Is q lead
ing prepayment OF Arab unity. he
also is a fervent Egyptian ma
tionalist. Thus. he would hesitate
TO Join any federation that might
reduce Egypt's - and his - influ-
ence on the world scene. He has
urged a go-slow attitude.
But while Mr.. Nasser is report
eddy reluctant to Join with the
Bath leaders. his Cairo Radio has
been broadcasting anti Ba'th
statements. A particularly sharp
editorial. written by Mohammed
Haykal. the editor OF Cairo's lead
ing newspaper. stirred up trouble
In Damascus early last week.
Pro-Nasser students. still at
tracted by the Nasser mystique.
demonstrated for immediate unity
under Nasser's banner. They were
put down by the Syrian military
which forbids any street demon
STATIONS and which closed the
schools. This was the first open
clash between Ba'thists and Mas
series.
Behind the scenes. politicians
were working long hours 10 put
together a plan Of action. Iraqi
leaders made plans with Syrians
In Damascus preparatory 10 this
week ends talks. and a high-level
Algerian delegation has been Wis
iting all the Middle Eastern
states.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
NewCrisis

When DR.. Arevalo turned up in
Guatemala last week end Che was
interviewed by newsmen. but was
hidden from the governmenD I,
Col, Enrique Peralta Azurdia, Mr..
Ydigoras' Defense Minister. took
power without a struggle.
Mr.. Ydigoras and his family
went into political exile in Mica
ragua. It was a strange sort of
coup. Mr.. Ydigoras and Col.
Peralta seemed in agreement on
most essentials. The 67-year-old
President said in Nicaragua that
what is going on In Guatemala
is for her own good and for the
good of the rest Of Central Amer
lea"
Presumably, Col. Peralta will
prevent DR.. Arevalo from running
for office. As usual In such cases,
he suspended the constitution and
Cancelled the elections. Although
DR.. Arevalo is not believed TO be
a Communist. himself, Col. Peralta
said Guatemala would not tolerate
communism in any guise. mean-
ing he would not permit any
leftist government.
Whereas Guatemala is a small,
basically poverty-stricken nation
of 4 million. Argentina is the Sec
ond largest In South America,
with a population Of 81 million.
II has a heavy European popula-
ton with large natural resources
and with well-developed urban
areas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07

vestors against a wide variety of
risks.
The other detectives listed by
Mr.. Kennedy are:
. To apply stricter standards of
selectivity and self-help in aiding
developing countries.
. To achieve a reduction and
ultimate elimination ( United
States assistance by enabling ma
tions to stand on their own as
rapidly as possible. a.
Q To obtain the increased par
ticipation of other industrialized
nations in sharing the cost Of
international development ASST
ance.
. To tighten any adverse impact
of the aid program on our own
balance of payments and econ
omy. This would b. done by in
creasing the percentage of COM
mitments being spent in the
United States-it is now more
than 80 per cent?
. To continue to assist In the
defense of countries under threat
of external and internal Commu-
mist attack.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
For Privote Role

The Presidents 5000 word
message contained the familiar
warnings Of the need to combat
communism by strengthening our
allies and supporting social and
economic progress In the under
developed countries.
But this year, Mr.. Kennedy's
emphasis on the role private en-
terprise could play in helping the
United States reach the goals of
its foreign aid program was note
worthy.
Economic and social growth
cannot be accomplished by gov
ernments alone" he said. THE
effective participation of an en-
lightened United States business
man, especially in partnership
with private interests In the de-
wloping country, brings not only
his investment but his technology
ical and management skills into
the process Of development"
To help promote this participa-
ton, one of six stated detectives
In his program, the President
proposed that American taxpay-
ers, for an unspecified trial pc
Rod, be granted tax credit for
new investments Of plant and
equipment in underdeveloped
countries. He also proposed q
large expansion Of the invest
ment-guarantee programs Of the
Agency for International Develop
ment (AID. which protect In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
GuotemoIon Crisis

The crisis in Guatem a ! a
stemmed from the return 10 the
country Of DR.. Juan Arevalo. a
left-of-center intellectual who
was the first progressive President
in Guatemalan history. DR.. Are
valo was named by a military
civilian junta in 1914 TO lead
Guatemala on the 10th century
road of progress, after the last
OF a succession OF right-wing dc
tators had been toppled.
Influenced greatly by the pol
icies OF neighboring Mexico. Or.
Arevalo pushed through many
needed reforms; he was backed by
the extreme left wing Of the army
headed by Col. Jacob Arbenz. BY
1850. DR.. Arevalo was ready %
step down as President; he sup
ported Col. Arbenz In the election.
The presidency Of Jacob Arbenz
led TO the infiltration Of many
known Communists into Guate-
malan government; the seizure OF
United Fruit land and the import
OF Soviet bloc weapons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07

Gaulle may soften his opposition
to the multi-lateral force idea,
especially after noting that it has
been tentatively approved by both
West Germany and Italy. Great
Britain is also committed to the
force, and yesterday Mr.. Rusk in
itialed an agreement with British
Ambassador Ormsby Gore in
which this country formally agrees
to sell Britain 100 Polaris missiles
for use with British nuclear sub
marines and capped with British
nuclear warheads.
Mr.. de Gaulle has run into
problems at home recently as we'll
as in the Common Market. He
may welcome a friendlier spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
Problems Arose

The reason for the calmer APP
proach to Arab unity is the fact
that the Arab leaders In Cairo,
Damascus and Baghdad realize
that the problems that have
arisen during the Cairo unity
talks are not mine: ones and go
to the heart Of the issue.
The specific differences have
not been made public. but they
seem TO stem from the Syrian
and Iraqi leaders desire to create
an Arab federation that would
include Yemen and Algeria. as
well as Egypt. Syria and Iraq.
and which would limit President
Nasser's influence.
Iraqi and Syrian leaders seem
TO be partisans Of the Bath Res-
urrection Socialist Party. the
main Pan Arab party in the Mid
die East. The Ba'thists In Syria
we're mainly responsible for the
Inflated UAR of Egypt and Syria
in 1858 and have now soured on
Mr.. Nasser. They assert that he
tried TO dominate Syrian affairs
after the union and refused to
allow the Bath TO operate in
Egypt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
NATO:
Optimism?

Secretary Of State Rusk In
itiaIed an agreement yesterday
10 sell 100 POlaris missiles 10
Great Britain. The agreement
came as Mr.. Rusk prepared 10
fly 20 Paris for talks with Pres
ident de Gaulle and the NAT0
council.
Coincidental with the appear
ance last week Of the cherry
blossoms, Washington officials
have become bit more optimistic.
There Is an unmistakeable feel
ing In the air that a break may
be forthcoming In our cool rela-
tions with France.
There should be more word on
this by next week after Secretary
OF State Rusk has had what OBJ
servers call q probing" discus
sion with Charles de Gaulle to-
morrow. Mr.. Rusk had long
planned this trip TO Paris for a
high-level meeting with NATO
political and military ministers
(Secretary Mcnamara Is also ex-
pected TO be In Paris on the
multi-lateral nuclear force. The
interview with Mr.. de Gaulle only
became known two days ago -
after the French leader agreed 10
see him. This caused Mr.. Rusk TO
postpose yesterdays Berlin talks
with Ambassador Dobrynin.
Some observers believe Mr.. dc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
Arab Unity:
Pace Is Slow

The ruling junta In Syria
clamped down last week on pro-
Nasser demonstrations as a rift
became public between the
United Arab Republic and the
leaders of Syria and Iraq.
The strident calls for irnmedi-
ate Arab unity that echoed
around the Middle East shortly
after last months Syrian coup
d'etat have now been largely
muted.
Unity and other slogans
and concepts cannot be realized
without study shared by men of
thought" said Iraqi President
Aref last week.
Unity is a revolutionary OPP
Grafton; its concept is much more
serious and bigger than the paper
on which a unity draft Is writ
ten," said United Arab Republic
President Nasser.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
The New Tactics

The tight-fisted mood of Con-
gress-and Of the country, too, 1t
would seem called for slightly
different tactics this year on the
part Of the President in his pitch
to Congress. That and his accept
ance of the main thrust of the
recommendations made by the
so-ealled Clay Committee, which
recently completed a comprehen-
sive study of foreign aid for Mr..
Kennedy.
The new tactics, which had
been rumored for a couple weeks.
were revealed on Tuesday when
the President sent his foreign aid
message to Congress. They en-
braced a new sales approach and
a new action.
In his January budget message,
Mr.. Kennedy asked for the second
year in a row a total of $40 bill
lion for foreign aid. Last week,
he cut his request $420 million
more than 8 per cent.
This unusual move. the tactical
wisdom of which has been ques-
toned within the executive
branch and by congressional sup
porters Of big program, drew a
mixed reaction on Capitol Hill.
Administration spokesman con-
tended that the President was
needing the Clay recommended
tions for tighter administrative
control and stricter standards for
the giving of aid. Foes said that
further cuts could and would be
made.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
DOMESTIC

Ever since the Berlin crisis in
1861, Mr.. Khrushchev has had
some hard economic decisions to
make especially in the area Of
resource ALLEGATION. Apparently he
has now made the decision to
pour as much as possible into
military and space, regardless Of
consumer goods promises made
earlier to the public.
Undoubtedly this was one Of
Mr.. Khrushchev's most difficult
decisions, but his advice from the
military and industrial planners
must have been convincing: II
you want to stay UP with the
United States in future years,
vast sums must be appropriated
for modern weapons and rockets.
Therefore. Mr.. Khrushchev has
appointed the former defense in
dustry chief as the head Of all
Soviet industry. This is an APP
parent pledge to the military that
he will support their needs.
In the space race, there seems
no doubt that the Russians are
going all out TO be the first on
the moon. Last weeks launching
Of Lunik-4 undoubtedly was
meant to gather scientific infor-
nation concerned with conquer
ing the moon. Whether or not
the shot was completely success
full, II must have supplied Soviet
scientists with valuable informa-
ton.
Colncidental with the 1ecision
10 go military" Mr.. Khrushchev
had to take steps with sectors OF
his intelligentsia which had been
working in recent years In more
fiberalized atmosphere.
Mr.. Khrushchev had said only
q few years ago that he would
leave the arts TO the artists since
he knew very little about such
subjects. But apparently his adj
visers complained that, II left un-
checked. the free thinking q. e.
abstract art on exhib. ion, bold
poetry. new wave" movies. and
anti-Stalin novels might spread
10 the rest OF the population and
reduce party discipline at q time
when the nation was 10 be asked
10 give even more TO the defense
effort.
Accordingly. Mr.. Khrushchev
has spoken out several times
as have his party biologists S.
against such bourgeois" tenden-
cies. His main scapegoats have
been veteran novelist nya Ehren-
burg and youthful poet Yevgeny
Yevtushenko. They have been
most identified with free art
In the Soviet Union. The call for
renewed discipline caused Mr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
Cuban Events

Since most Of the attention was
focused in Guatemala and In
Argentina, Cuba received COM
paratively little publicity last
week. The United States. aided
by British officials in the Ba-
hamas. threw up a let to try and
stop the anti-Castro raids on
Cuba which Washington fears
could lead to more serious Incl
dents involving the United States
and the Soviet Union.
There was also a slight i'm
provement in United States-Cu-
ban relations after Castro's gov
eminent apologized for the firing
by two Cuban planes on the
American freighter, the Floridian,
10 days ago. The State Depart
ment announced the case was
now closed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Problems for the Krem|in

The Communist Party of the
Soviet Union last week politely
declined Red China's invitation
for Premier Khrushchev to
visit Peking for Red summit.
Instead, the Russians suggested
that either Mao Tse-tung or q
high-level delegation come to
Moscow for talks on May Is.
We know from some Of Nikita
s. Khrushchev's remarks that he
works a long day In the Kremlin
much like his opposite number
in the White House. Last week,
Mr.. Khrushchev took one Of his
infrequent vacations to the Rus
sian Palm Beach-Sochi on the
Black Sea.
His trip south came at the end
of what must have been a trying
month for the Soviet leader and
the other dozen men of the Com
munist Party Presidium the
Russian version Of our cabinet,
National Security Council and
presidential advisers all rolled
into one.
During March, Mr.. Khrushchev
had to deal with a number Of
problems, none of them new, but
all crucial and certain to provoke
discussion within the ruling cir
cles of the party, from the Presid-
ium to the larger 200-man Gen.
trail Committee, and to the tightly
organized l2-man secretariat.
There were three main areas Of
crisis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
RED CHINA

Mr.. Khrushchev and his adj
visers undoubtedly spent a good
part of March deciding on how
to answer the Red Chinese invi-
tation for him to visit Peking for
a summit conference. The Chi
nese invitation was so loaded
with unacceptable conditions ire
store relations with Albania, de-
nounce Yugoslavia) that 1t was
probably impossible for Mr..
Khrushchev to accept it without
losing face.
1t is not known how much sup
port Red China's views have
within the Kremlin. but Mao Use
lungs general thesis of taking q
firmer stand against the West Is
certain to have some supporters
within the party.
From the reply sent to Peking
last week, however. 1t may be as
sumed that Mr.. Khrushchevs
general positions Yugoslavia,
on peaceful co-existence," and
on averting a nuclear war-were
supported by the Central Com
mittee.
The note was a strong affirma-
ton of the principles previously
stated by Moscow. Although the
tone was polite, 1t yielded to none
Of Peking's assertions. The Soviet
letter said Mr.. Khrushchev could
not make it to Peking and sug-
gested that Mao come to Moscow
on May is. II not Mao, the note
said. a high level group would
be equally acceptable.
Whereas the Chinese note had
said the most important problem
to be discussed was strategy and
tactics of revolution" the Rus
slams called first for a discus
sion on how TO assure the VIC
tory of the socialist countries" In
peaceful competition with the
West.
These bi-lateral talks are sup
posed TO set the stage for an all
Communist world conference lat
err in the year. But 1t remains to
be seen whether the two sides will
actually get together. The next
step is up TO the Chinese; they
must accept the Russian invita-
ton or the talks will probably
not be held.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
SEC Report:
Mild Fare

The Securities and Exchange
Commission last Wednesday re-
leased part Of its long awaited
report on the stock market.
"Grave abuses" exist, II found,
and sitter rules are needed. But
II emphasized that the "perva-
sive fraudulent activity" Of the
early 1930s was absent.
One OF the delicate problems in
conducting any investigation of
the securities industry Is its SEN
sitivity TO publicity. The danger
always threatens that, like the
grim hospital joke. the operation
was a success but the patient died.
Stock prices have q way Of wilt
ing under the mere suspicion that
they're shoddy merchandise.
Although 1t occupies q flimsy
two-story tempo" in an unfash-
ionable downtown section" That
Continued on Page Be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Foreign Aid Fight:
How Great a Slash?

President Kennedy on Tues
day cut his foreign aid request
$500 million TO a new total Of
$4,5 billion. The move brought
mixed reactions on Capitol Hill,
with many Congressman pre-
dieting further reductions there.
1t has been plainly evident for
many weeks that one of the
places congressional budget-cut-
tiers would concentrate on this
year would be foreign aid. OF
course, foreign aid has always
been a favorite target of those
who believe that income and out
go should balance. But this year,
President Kennedy is demanding
a $l0.3 billion net income tax re-
duction and is flirting with a
record peacetime budget deficit
In the process.
Accordingly, all spending re-
quests are being examined even
more closely than usual on Capt.
toll Hill and the largest lensed
microscope is focused on foreign
aid. The Republicans have de-
clared war on Kennedy spending
requests and they have powerful
Democratic allies in Chairmen
Cannon Of the House Appropria-
tons Committee and Byrd Of the
Senate Finance Committee,
among others.
Without fear Of contradiction,
therefore, 1t may be said that the
Presidents prospects for getting
all he requests this year are ex-
ceedingly dim. He asked $40 bill
lion last year and got $50 billion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
The Division

The Presidents new request is
divided this way: $3.l billion for
economic assistance and STA BIZ
lion for military aid.
Few will find fault with the
detectives Of Mr.. Keilnedy's pro-
gram. But popular detectives and
a stream of eloquent words to
explain them, do not necessarily
mean that the $4.5 billion in
hard-cash requests to carry out
the program are rockbottom, In
the view of Congress.
The Presidents request is still
$500 million more than was voted
last year. Mr.. Kennedy stressed
at length the success of the pro-
gram over the last II years and
in nearly all of them Congress
cut the Presidents request.
whether the President was a
Democrat or a Republican.
1t would thus seem likely, and
Mr.. Kennedy probably woal, pri-
vately agree, that Congress will
wind up voting something less
than 81 billion this year.
In fact, If Mr.. Kennedy's lead
off witness before the House For
eign Affairs Committee, Secretary
Of State Dean Dusk, doesn't square
himself with the House, the final
appropriation could be substan-
TALLY less than 81 billion.
Mr.. Rusk on Friday had this
to say to congressman who ex-
pect to WELD sharp knife on
the Presidents request:
"If we Yanks come home, the
Communists will begin to take
over. Why any American would
want to cooperate with the global
Communist strategy Is beyond my
understanding. But that is what
sharp cuts in our foreign sid
programs would mean"
This sounded close to accusing
some congressman of aiding Com
muuist detectives. And some Con-
gressmen, indeed, interpreted the
Secretary's statement that way.
Mr.. Rusk later apologized for the
abrasiveness of his remarks.
Chairman Passman Of the House
Appropriations Subcommittee on
Foreign Appropriations, an old
foe of large foreign aid programs.
was angered by the Rusk state
ment. Congress will never give
him dollar in foreign aid If he
makes statements like that" Mr..
Passman declared.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
Open Penetration

This open Communist penetra-
ton alarmed Washington and led
TO open support Of dissident right
wing military groups In exile In
Honduras. In 1854. the United
States backed rebels overthrow
the Communist government, but
this did not solve Guatemalas
problems.
Moreover, the succession Of mil
itary governments, eliminating In
Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes election
in 1858. never had the full sup
port OF all sectors Of Guatemala.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07

Mr.. Ydigoras "a former general
himself was never left" enough
for supporters of Arevalo- Arbenz
OF right" enough for many land
owners and many military men.
AS part of his program of re-
form, Mr.. Ydigoras promised pres
idential elections this fall, when
he would step down. This
prompted DR.. Arevalo to an
nounce from Mexican exile he
would return to campaign. Mr..
Ydigoras said he could return If
he would pledge himself against
communism; the military said
mo" under any circumstances.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
THE WEST

Soviet leaders have always put
a high premium on keeping the
initiative In foreign affairs. Ever
since October, however. the ini-
tiative has been with the United
States. There were indications last
month that the Russians we're
trying to regain 1t with a diplo-
matte offensive.
In Cuba. the Russians have APP
parently decided to station several
thousand soldiers for an indefi-
mite period, even though these
troops have very limited military
capability. They perhaps are being
held as a diplomatic wedge, their
withdrawal to be offered as a
concession" when the opportu-
nifty arises.
Undoubtedly, the Russians have
again looked to Berlin as the best
place to resume the diplomatic
tug-of-war. At Soviet initiative,
talks on Berlin have been re-
sumed. Almost simultaneously,
there have been Soviet-inspired
delays in traffic to Berlin and q
shooting incident in the skies ION
a British civilian plane).
The incidents may be isolated
ones, or they may be part Of q
general Soviet policy to try to
strain the Western alliance at a
time when 1t already is in an hour
Of trial.
At Geneva, the Russians re-
Gently have not shown much in
terest in a nuclear test ban-gen-
orally assumed to be the first
step toward a genuine relaxation
of military tensions. The accept
ance, in principle. of "hot wire"
"a teletype between Washing
ton and Moscow to speed COM
munications in case of a major
crisis-is not seen az a very i'm
portant step.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07
Military Factions

Since that time. various mill
tary factions have battled for SUI
premacy. The principal issue at
stake is how soon constitutional
government should return and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-07

Khrushchev also to backtrack
somewhat on his anti Stain
campaign, since Stain. of cour; :,
was always for a strong party.
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19
SEASONS 'FlRSTS'
ARE TRACED

Shepherds watched, a gels
sang and wise men travelled far
to behold the miracle of the first
Christmas.
Since that holy night a mul-
titude of legends and customs,
both religious and secular, have
developed as part of the hOli-
day. Each legend was once told,
each custom once observed for
the first time, and though origins
of many traditions are now lost
in time, other Christmas first"
have been recorded for posterity
There are historical Christmas
.'firsts," attested by church rec
ords ard by scientific research
into the early years of Christ
ianity, as we'll as "firsts' of later
history ard "firsts' that blend
fact with myth.
The Glacier reporter., 1963-12-19

urging residents and organiza.
tions to place an elecrtic can.
die in every window"
The shopping area presents
triple candles in evergreen bases
set in the median strip; from the
windows of the governors man.
sion and the capitol glow elec.
trio candles; incoming planes are
greeted with candles at the air.
port; virtually every building in
the city cOOperates.
In French Canada
In French-Canadian homes, one
of the highlights of Christmas is