davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Rights:
Setback

An equal accommodations
amendment to the city charter
was voted down last week in
Cambridge, Md, in q referen-
dunn set up to give the city q
chance to express its opinion Of
how the civil rights fight there
should be handled.
The late-summer march on
Washington in behalf of Negro
rights dramatized the issue but
that 1t didn't settle it has been
plain in the weeks that have
followed:
. The administrations civil rights
program, which had already
been sent to the Capitol, floun-
dered in uncertainty over the best
way to get onto the legislative
take-off pad.
. There were the worst bombings
yet in Birmingham, Ala.
Q Congressional timidity over
civil rights extended even to re-
newing the Civil Rights Com
mission. a step taken without too
much difficulty several times in
the past.
Q Negro leaders seemed to be
developing SchiSms over the best
techniques to use for their next
important step. Not only were they
differing over demonstrations VS..
negotiations but they were arguing
over whether it would be a good
idea to boycott Christmas shop
ping.
Into this situation last week
came a serious setback In the
progress already made for equal
rights. And it came, to almost
nobody's surprise, in Cambridge,
Md. It was important-and its
result OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES it
was the first time q group Of
voters had revealed how they felt
about desegregation Of their
community
Negro demonstrations began in
Continued on Page BIZ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
The Spread

AS Washington recalled State
Department personnel Friday
from Honduras and the Domini-
can Republic and cut off both
military and economic aid, the
cancer Of revolt seemed to be
spreading. President Joao Goulart
asked the Brazilian Congress to
vote state of siege to head off
serious internal commotion.
The move came on the heels of
several strikes and charges by his
opposition Of Communist infiltra-
ton, inflationary financing, and
an abortive revolt by left-wing
sergeantS in BraSilia.
The siege declaration Is a device,
not as severe as martial law,
which suSpends some constitu-
tional rights of Brazilians for a
temporary 30-day period.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Study Set

The method, as it turned out,
will be worked out in q study
by the 10 most powerful INF
member nations. Qncluded Is
France, whose President de
Gaulle has been needing Mr..
Kennedy on the fact that the
franc is rescuing the dollar in
Europe).
The talks will be conducted in
Paris under Craftsmanship of
Robert V. Rosa, Under Secre-
tary of the Treasury, beginning
next month. Since the 10 coun-
tries hold 80 per cent Of the
worlds gold reserves. their rec
concentrations on credit to ma
tons with trade deficits will
carry powerful message.
What the study wants to head
off is the kind Of frightening
glacier age in credit that crept
over western economies during
the depression. In that era fl
nancial chase prompted many
governments to withdraw credits
from each other as a shortage
Of gold brought restrictions on
foreign trade and stunted domes-
tic growth. The NIF's SIS
billion pool Of gold-plus currency,
plus a Sc billion guaranteed by
the Big Ten for m ergencies,
promises to help keep things liq-
uid. But is that enough? Mr..
Roosa & Co. intend to find out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Venezuela

Meanwhile, tension rose in
Caracas in Venezuela as similar
fears of unrest spread. A Star
reporter last week noted two signs
of the city's mood: Customers
bought out smaller food stores,
apparently stockpiling goods for
an emergency, and authorities
laid plans to suspend classes in
the Central University, a hotbed
of Communist terrorism.
The magnitude of damage re-
sulting from a Venezuelan revolu-
ton would far outweigh any of
the years other revoltS. The
country is a major supplier of
petroleum to the world and has
been a showcase in democratic
rule under President Romulo
Betancourt. If he should topple,
observers declare, the whole
fabric of the Alliance for Prog
reSs would be torn asunder.
The next election will be held
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Wheat Deal

Not the least of arguments in
favor of the wheat deal with
Russia these days is the dent it
would make in the United States
trade deficit. Last week Agri-
culture Secretary Freeman indi-
Gated the nation was ready to
unload 200 million bushels on tho
Soviets for $3.50 million.
The wheat sale will be for
cash, not barter, he said. AL
though some organizations such
as the Veterans of Foreign Wars
opposed the deal, the prospect
of whiting away some of the
IL billion bushels in Govern
ment surplus storage carried
strong appeal to Midwestern
farmers.
Actually, there is nothing new
or unique about sending wheat
to Iron Curtain countries. The
United States has been shipping
it to Poland for years. Editor
ialized the New York Times last
week:
THE free world Is not going
to triumph over Communism in
Europe, in China or in Cuba by
trying to make people go hun
CRY. This is a case where good
morals, good politics and good
business go together"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Wet Man,:
Eyewitness

Military victory is possible by
the end Of 1865 in South Wet
Nam II political turmoil within
the Diem regime does not
interfere with conduct Of the
war, PentagOn leaders reported
last week. A gradual pullOut Of
American troops within two
years was indicated.
Since the United States took
over training the South Wet
Namese Army In January, 1855,
that unhappy, steaming rice
bowl of Asia has proved a costly
drain.
A bit smaller than the size of
Oklahoma, its IS, 900 square miles
of paddles and jungle absorb
money and supplies like a huge
sponge. United States aid now
pours into the land at the rate
Of SIS million a day, and our
military strength has risen from
1000 to about $4,000 American
advisers" there.
The Wet Namese Army is al
most completely equipped with
United States weapons, including
helicopters to ferry troops on tao
teal raids. They tie down an es-
timated $1,000 hard-core Com
munist fighters of the Wet Cong
in North Wet Nam.
But Americans increasingly are
asking when it will all end. To
make a first-hand judgment. De-
tense Secretary Mcnamara and
Gen. Maxwell Taylor, chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, last
week completed a tour of the
front.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Latin America: A Dreary Cycle

The armed forces Of Hon.
duras overthrow the govern
ment Of President Ramon VII
leda Morales last week. It came
eight days after the custer Of
the Dominican Republics demo-
cratic regime and was the
fourth coup d'etat In Latin
America In 1868.
The roster reads like the toll
ing Of q doom tocsin-Peru last
year. Guatemala in March, Ecua-
dor in July, the Dominican Re-
public in September, and now
Honduras.
Monotonous in their pattern,
the palace revolts were examples
Of dreary cycle that has plagued
Latin republics for generations in
this hemisphere. And what dis
mayed Washington was the dan
ger that others may catch the
infection, including Fl Salvador,
Costa Rica and far worse, Vene-
zuela. By the weeks end, even
Brazil had imposed martial law
to halt unrest.
The setting for the revolution in
Honduras last week read like the
script Of Emperor JONES'" COM
plete with jungle fronds, noun
tain ridges cut by crumbling
roads, chronic unemployment,
rural illiteracy of rs per cent, and
a monoculture devoted, of course,
to bananas.
To expect any elected govern
ment to rule strongly in this set
Of conditions was naive. Revolt
may come swiftly from either the
left or right, and in Honduras
last week 1t was the latter-a
clique Of army officers fearing a
presidential election October ID.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06

speculative short term invest
ments abroad, foreigners are be-
ginning to ponder how they will
fare when the gold spigot is turn
ed off. Already. for example,
Treasury Secretary Dillon has
forecast the measures will i'm
prove our payments by 50 billion
by the end Of 1864.
One Of the devices for keeping
money flowing around the world
is the International Monetary
Fund, a kind Of global piggY
bank that grew out Of the Bret
ton Woods, N. H. monetary con-
ference of 1914. Last week finance
ministers from 102 nations met
in Washington for MFs an
nual conference with the spigot
question uppermost in their
minds.
In a welcoming address, Presi-
dent Kennedy treasured them.
The United States, he said, is
aware that some nations will be
handicapped" as our finances
move toward equilibrium. This
country is ready, he added In q
deliberately vague phrase, to sup
port such measures as may be
necessary" to help them out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06

World Talk

President Kennedy last week
pledged United States help to
other free nations If their gold
supply should run low after we
solve our balance Of payments
problem.
Ten major nations later
agreed to a study Of the worlds
money system to avoid the kind
of glObaI credit freeze that &C.
CURED in the 1906.
One of the pleasant things
about the American trade deficit,
at least as far as foreign coun-
tries are concerned, is the way
it keeps their own economies
afloat.
Because the United States def
icits pump gold and dollars into
the reserves of other nations, as
a means Of paying off our debts
in the balance-of payments scale,
it keeps them supplied with uni
versal coin and supports the ris-
ing volume of international trade
with its liquidity.
But the imbalance is not good
for the United States. In 1862 our
balance of payments deficit was
around $2.2 billion, and in max
ing up such losses over the last
Is years, the Fort Knox hoard
of gold has shrunken from nearly
$25 billion to SIS billion.
Balance of payments means a
financial record of what enters
and leaves a country. Sales of
goods and services, dividends and
interest on loans - all these are
reckoned. We still export far
more than we import, for example
but offsetting this are huge mil
itary and foreign aid OUTLAWS,
tourist spending abroad, and so
on. At the end of each year, we
show net loss.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06

istration on most matters, has
introduced a resolution urging a
halt in aid and claims 80 Senators
support it. The Mcnamara report,
he said, is designed to snuff out
the spreading congressional re-
volt against the Diem regime"
The reports brevity only served
to irritate the press. The mis-
managed war;" grumbled the
Wall Street Journal, noting that
the Reds seemed stronger than
ever because of modern Ameri-
can arms they have captured "a
parallel with the fate Of arms
sent to Chang Kai-shek on the
Chinese mainland IA years ago.
At the weeks end, John H.
Richardson, chief Of the Central
Intelligence Agency in South Wet
nam. was being recalled home,
repeatedly to be replaced at Am
bassador Henry Cabot Lodges
demand. The CHA. group, accord
ing to wire dispatches, favored
the Diem's harsh me assures
against BuddhistS and Mr.. Lodge
is shaking up the intelligence
agency because he opposes this
policy.
Which war are we fighting?"
asked the New York Herald Trib-
une, urging reform of Diem's rule.
Almost in unison, the major news
papers complained of secrecy by
both governments. THE opti-
mistic White House statement of
this week." warned the New York
Times, will never be verified by
history If the government loses
the support Of an informed pub
lie opinion-as, indeed, it ap-
pears to be doing"
The reports conclusion-that
the shooting war may be won if
the politicians behave themselves
recalled a story of ancient
Greece. A besieging enemy sent a
messenger into a Spartan city
with a note warning, IF your city
falls and you are defeated, we
will level it to the ground"
The Spartan general sent a
note back. 1t bore one word:
IF"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
New Way

But as one more way to ease
the tensions between East and
West, diplomats can see the value
in a ban on such devices over
head.
There are small ways to lessen
hostility between nations as well
as the big steps. An example
was the hot line" installed be-
tween the White House and the
Kremlin last spring. Disarma-
ment negotiators at Geneva re-
marked afterward that it was this
little agreement, not the test-ban
talks last summer, that marked
the beginning of new Russian
friendlinesS toward the West.
The satellite pact Is another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Both Needed

The White House position was
that both bills were important
and that it would like to have
them both. That seemed, to most
observers, however, unreahstic.
So, as the week ended both
controversial bills were poised at
the starting line and several
starters were holding pistols. No
body knew who would fire first.
The Senate Finance committee
had rejected by a vote Of IL to 4
q motion Of Senator Douglas,
Democrat Of Illinois, to speed UP
hearings on the tax bill which
was approved by the House the
week before. This left Chairman
Byrd room for the more leisurely
maneuvering he had projected.
Best opinion was that it would
be at least December / by the
time the bill got out Of the
Finance Committee.
Chairman Magnuson Of the
Senate Commerce Committee has
said that he hopes to report to
the Senate by next Tuesday the
public accommodations part Of
the civil rights program and that
maybe it would be possible to
start hearings on it before too
long. But Senate Majority Leader
Mansfield says he would prefer
not to get into civil rights in the
Senate in that manner, but would
rather wait for the House to pass
an omnibus bill on the subject
and take it up then.
Passage of such a bill In the
House, while easier than in the
Senate, apparently isn't going to
be easiness itself. The best guesses
were that the House would
be doing well to get one through
by December !. indicative Of the
trouble to come was a House
Judiciary subcommittee approx
al Of a public accommodations
section much stronger than most
House observers believe can be
put through in the final version.
The entire committee has not yet
acted on it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Senate Fight

The big civil rights fight, Of
course, will be encountered in the
Senate where a group of South
erners, led by Senator Russell Of
Georgia, are preparing an all
out battle. This will generate
more feeling and consume more
time than the fight Of economy
minded Senators on the tax bill.
There the question is the less
emotional one of solvency advo-
Gates trying to keep the Govern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
War Progress

Their conclusion: The cam
paign has made progress, most Of
the United States task can be
completed by the end of 1865, and
while the political situation
hasn't affected the war effort
yet, it could.
The nine-sentence report is
sued by the White House said
1000 American troops can be
pulled out by December 81. 1t
branded the Diem political prob
lem serious" and condemned
ANY represSive actions" But it
left unanswered the question of
what to do about his foot-in-
mouth relatives and the recur-
ring clashes between Buddhists,
who form 70 per cent Of the
population, and the Roman Cath
olics, who dominate the present
government.
Only yesterday, a young Budd-
hist monk burned himself to death
in front of hundreds of onlookers
in Saigon's central market, pro-
testing against the rule of Presi-
dent Ngo Dinh Diem. He was the
sixth such suicide by Buddhists.
VietnameSe plainclothesmen beat
and kicked American newSmen
trying to photograph the scene.
Observers noted the White
House statement deliberately
avoided committing the admin
istration to a rigid position on
Diem. 1t left the possibility that
all United States aid could be
cut off. Mainly it seemed worded
to reassure Congress and the
public that We'll get at least some
of the boys out of the trenches
by Christmas, and held out the
hope that almost all will be home
in two years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06

ment from reducing taxes and
spending more at the same time.
A lot Of work on other bills
remains to be done before this
Congress can go home and try
to renew itself In next years
elections. The sessions after jan
uary are a continuation Of the
present ones and there will be
no trouble in carrying over GER
tain legislation but there is q
limit on appropriations measures
and certain other ones.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06

in Venezuela Dec. 81. If authori-
ties can keep Ieftist terrorists in
line until then. observers believe,
the biggest danger will have
passed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Hurricane Junto

such step. Britain's Foreign Sec
rotary. the Earl of Home, limited
that a breakthrough might come
in this area last Tuesday in a
speech before the United Nations
General Assembly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Gold Spigot

Because the Kennedy Admins
tration has been taking a num-
Der Of steps to halt the gold
drain. such as taxing purchase
Of foreign stocks and hating
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
u. S. Aid

A cutoff of United States
money is still a distinct poSSibil-
ity. Idaho's Democratic Senator
Church, an ally of the admin
Evening star., 1963-04-11
MEMS, BOYS SALES RISE
US. Clothing Industry
Found in Good Shape

The head Of the National
Association of Retail Clothiers
and Furnishers told an audi
ence of clothing executives
here yesterday that their busi-
ness is in good shape.
Harry C. O'Brien, new presi-
dent of the association, fore
cast that national sales of
mems and boys clothing will
total more than $11 billion
this year.
The prediction was based in
part on first quarter sales,
which have shown a $6l mil
lion, or 2.8 per cent, increase
over the $10.8 billion total re-
ported for 1862.
Mr.. O'Brien, a ruddy faced
man with a faint brogue in his
speech and a disarming man.
ner. spoke before 20 executives
Of Washington area stores at a
luncheon in Costin's Restau-
rant.
An informal poll of those
present showed that first-quar-
ter sales of mems wear in met
ropolitan Washington averaged
better than 8 per cent above
the same period last year.
Some clothiers declined to es-
innate their sales. however, say
ing they did not have precise
figures at hand.
There's no recession in our
industry when we can look to-
ward an $11 billion volume"
Mr.. O'Brien said.
Mr.. O'Brien, 81, heads an Or
ganization representing nearly
1900 stores, chiefly in mems
wear, in so States. His one-day
Evening star., 1963-04-11

company and a 5-year warrant
to buy another one-third share
at $28. American Airline hold
ers were to have received a
share-for-share position.
The companies said no new
arrangement was agreed upon.
Since the original agreement
Eastern announced a loss for
1862 and is believed to have lost
in the first quarter of 1868.
The announcement said it
was felt nothing should be done
now that might delay a de-
cision on the merger by the
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB).
A new ratio would require
approval Of the CAB and the
stockholders of the two firms.
Evening star., 1963-04-11
GE Earnings
And Sales Up

NEW YORK AP).-General
Electric Co. reported an in
crease in sales and earnings in
the first three months of this
year over the like 1868 period.
The company earned $58,-
979. 900, or 66 cents a share,
against SIS, 1858, 900. or SO cents
a share, a year earlier. Sales
rose to $1.154,473,OO from ST.
100, ,566, 900.
Chairman Ralph ]. Cordiner
said sales drew strength from
the continued high level of
consumer goods business, by
further advances in interna-
tional sales and by sales of ad-
vanced types of equipment for
utilities and industry"
Evening star., 1963-04-11
Sales Manager Promoted

Donald McPhail has been appointed
vice president for sales of Dragon
Cement and Standard Lime and Ce-
ment, two divisions of Martin Marietta
Corp. of Baltimore. Formerly general
sales manager, he succeeds John o.
Hobbs. who was named vice president
for marketing of the Cement and Lime
Division of the corporation.
Evening star., 1963-04-11
FOOLING THE WEATHER
New Materials Benefit
Workers, Homeowners

are plugging more use of cop
per and stainless steel in gut
ters and downspouts to with
stand corroSion from the
weather and also from indus
trial fumes in cities or organic
residues on farms.
Water Is a Threat
Water in the ground also is
a corrosion threat. To defy
this Republic Steel offers plas-
tic-coated steel pipe to carry
liquids over the ground or in
shallow trenches below the sur
face.
The home handyman can
use a Koppers Co. sealing COM
pound on his driveway to re-
pei rain and ice. And plastic
covered electric cables are Of
Iereu as substitutes for lead
pipe encasements.
Aldo Products Inc. sprays a
plastic covering on the locomo-
tives it exports TO protect them
while lashed to decks of freight
ers. At their destination the
cocoon is pealed off as easily
as leaves from an artichoke.
Customers Of some winter re-
sorts can laze around a heated
swimming pool under a trans
parent polyethylene dome and
gaze at frigid ski runs covered
with either real snow or with
the man mad9 item blown
through pipes TO the slopes
where needed.
Countless families and office
or factory workers now live and
work in air conditioned sur
roundings that fool the weather
summer or winter - II you like
TO keep the windows closed.
Evening star., 1963-04-11

visit was part of a tour to find
how the association can best
serve its membership.
Our national economy is
definitely not in a slump and
1868 should prove to be a good
business year." he said, noting
that retail sales of mems
clothing for the past 20 years
have proved to be a reliable
barometer Of general business
conditions"
1t was the first meeting of
area mems clothing retailers
with the new president, who
also is head of Thomas O'Brien
& Sons, Inc, a clothing store in
Medford, Mass.
Evening star., 1963-04-11
EAL, American Agree
To Alter Merger Plan

NEW YORK (AP).-Ameri-
can Airlines and Eastern Air
lines officials said today they
have agreed some revision OF
original share exchanges should
be made if their merger is ap-
proved.
American Airlines contended
at negotiations that financial
factors have changed since the
first merger plans were drawn
more than a year ago and that
there should be a reduction in
the ratio of stock eastern would
get.
The agreement at that time
provided Eastern shareholders
would get for each of their
shares 1.3 shares in the merged
Evening star., 1963-04-11
MARKETS CLOSED
ON GOOD FRIDAY

NEW YORK (AP).-
Most major securities and
commodity exchanges will
be closed tomorrow, Good
Friday.
The New York and
American Stock exchanges,
the Chicago Board Of
Trade, London stock and
London metals exchanges,
Winnipeg grain and Mon
treal securities exchanges
will be among those closed.
The Chicago livestock
market will be among those
remaining open.
Most exchanges, includ-
ing those in Canada, will
be open on Easter Mon
day, April is. London
stock and metal exchanges
will be closed.
Evening star., 1963-04-11
Indian Plant Gets
$5 Million Credit

The Export Import Bank OF
Washington announced today
the authorization of a IS mil
lion credit in favor of the pri-
vately owned Hindustan Alumi-
mum Corp. of Bombay, India.
The credit will be used to
buy United States machinery
and materials to build an alu-
minum fabricating plant at
Renukoot in Northern India.
The new plant will be inte-
grated with an existing alumni
mum reduction plant which the
bank helped finance with a
$13.6 million credit in 1860.
Cost Of the new plant is set
at more than $11 million. The
credit Is to be repaid over a
period Of 10 years beginning in
1866.