davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
Maritime Strife

Feuding maritime unions are invit-
ing the Intervention Of Congress by an
almost continuous disregard for the
economic welfare of this country and
its hard-hit merchant marine.
Last months indefinite laying up
Of the nuclear ship Savannah was only
one symptom of the inter-union strife
which irresponsibly ties up shipping
where and whenever opposing factions
choose to draw a battle line. In the
most recent manifestation, shiploading
from coast to coast, and as far away as
Puerto Rico, has been hampered by
juriSdictional wrangling.
The latest conflict has featured the
Marine Engineers Beneficial Associa-
ton and the National Maritime Union
as principal rivals, but other aligned
unions also are involved. The dispute
has conferred around the SIS Maximus,
assigned to carry 1000 tons of food
stuffs and medical supplies to Cuba, the
final payment to Fidel Castro for the
ransom Of the Bay Of Pigs prisoners.
Because NMU men cannot or will
not live with the MEBA, the latter
picketed the Maximus, delaying its
loading and sailing. In retaliation, the
NMU began picketing in many ports
dozens of ships which had MEBA men,
berS in the crews. One result was an
urgent plea to President Kennedy by
the New Orleans Steamship Association,
for action to halt tactics which the in
duStry claims threaten "to destroy the
American merchant marine"
President Kennedy already has
made it clear to the railroad unions he
will ask for congressional action if they
refuse to settle the long featherbedding
dispute and call a national strike after
July 10. There seems to be a tacit
warning in this which the maritime
unions may well take to heart.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
Landscape VS.. Gum

AS a member of Trade
mark Society, Inc. / was
particularly intereste d in
your editorial, Landscape
Versus Gum.
While chewing gum, beer.
personal deodorants. motor
oils, facial creams, gasoline.
ale, tires, floor and sealing
wax, cabbages and king-size
cigarettes, and a myriad Of
other trademarked products
ought not to be advertised
along the length Of the solely
scenic Appalachian Trail. !
have never concurred in
your editorial logic that ma
tional trademarked commod-
tiles should not make their
appeal from billboards on
unsupported highways.
In these dark days Of less
than full utilization Of our
optimum manpower when
full employment is the top
national need. and when
wasted manpower is our
primary malady. 1t seems
that what is needed is all
the advertising our CONNER
cial communities can get by
all the means and media at
their disposal. Stan Stanton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24

Your editorial Of June 10
entitled Coffin Nails" says
the sale Of cigarettes could be
banned by law as a result Of
court findings that cigarettes
are causing deaths. This
solution would probably lead
TO bootlegging and other
troubles Of the prohibition
era.
You state that smoking
habits are for the most part
formed at high-school age.
Here lies the key 10 the
problem. Have you looked
closely at television cigarette
commercials and other Gig
arctic advertisements To
whom are they obviously d.
rected2
Clever. subtle and insidious
is the ability Of the cigarette
advertisements 10 reach the
young audience at which
they are aimed. Hence their
great success in capturing the
teen-ager for the cigarette
companies. Legislation aimed
at the advertisements TO pre-
vent lifelong cigarette habits
would be more effective than
any ban"
Ann Lassahn Walker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
A Life in the Balance

The same Constitution that guar
antees religious freedom also holds dear
the right to life, liberty and the pursuit
Of happiness. When the two ideals clash,
as they infrequently do, then a heavy
responsibility may fall on the courts.
This was the case when a man and
wife Of the Jehovah's Witnesses faith
spurned blood transfusions for their
desperately Ill infant daughter. To the
doctors the blood was a matter of pos
Sible survival and certain death. To
the parents, the choice was between
possible survival now and-more i'm
portant to their religious views-no
hope for life hereafter
Jehovah's Witnesses hold that Ito
quote from Leviticus 17:14) :. "you
shall not eat the blood Of any creature
for the life of every creature is its blood.
Whoever eats 1t shall be cut off," Their
ministers interpret blood transfusions
as violations of Gods commandment.
This is how 1t was when the fate
of Pickering life shifted from Chill
dren's Hospital to Juvenile Court. Chief
Judge Morris Miller proceeded carefully,
refusing TO rule until the parents were
found and brought ina matter Of
precious hours. Logically, he might have
ordered the TRANSMISSION at once. For
1t is evident that II, in some improbable
circumstance, a child were to be offered
up as a religious sacrifice, and the police
learned of 1t, they would put an end
TO 1t without awaiting court directive.
Beyond that, there is body Of law
which clearly supports the protection
of the child. In an 1880 opinion, the
Supreme Court ruled that "The First
Amendment was intended to allow every
one to exhibit his sentiments in
such form Of worship as he may think
proper, not injurious to the equal rights
OF others. ;" In recent years courts
have seen fit to order transfusions for
minors who obviously have not had the
opportunity TO a free choice In the
selection Of religions.
There is no question that Judge
Miller was correct in taking the child
from the parents so that the trans
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
THE PASSING SCENE
Domestic vs.. Foreiqn Problems
By WILLIAM S. WHITE

stead O military collision with
that West.
The challenge to Mr.. Ken.
nedy is as decently mott.
waited as the challenge TO
Khrushchev Is evilly mott
waited by a spirit Of reckless
banditry from which even
Khrushchev recoils. 1t Is
essentially from President
Charles de Gaulle Of France.
De Gaulle threatens not
merely the unity Of Europev
as in his exclusion of Brit
ain from the Common Mar
ket-but also the common
sense defense of the West
itself.
All high-sounding excuses
to the contrary, he is pro-
ceeding in simple truth to an
alarming degree on a course
of military go-it-alone-ism.
Time to Talk Up
All the same, because he
is a man Of demonstrated
honor and strength and pa
triotism, De Gaulle Is attract
ing adherents, not merely in
Europe but here, too. Presi-
dent Kennedy therefore
must - and sooner rather
than later - face up to his
ultimate test. This is to find
a means effectively to "tell
off De Gaulle," as 1t is some
times crudely but rightly put
here, by demonstrating that
Gaullism in the West, for all
its noble intentions, is an
ism Of responsibility which
the West simply cannot af-
ford.
The French President en-
courages irrational national
ism all over Europe by his
insistence on creating q
purely national and "inde-
pendent" French nuclear
force which in the first place
France is simply unable to
mount in adequate strength
and which in the second place
would lead other European
nations to demand the same
foolish and basically empty
status symbol.
It is therefore high time
for the President, home ra-
ciai crisis or no home racial
crisis and domestic politics
or no domestic politics, to
subordinate even such pas
sionate concerns as these to
the absolutely indispensable
concern of ultimate Western
security.
0l96s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
On Rendezvous in Space

There is some difference Of opinion
whether the two pairs Of Soviet orbital
flights, last August and this month, were
actually intended to include a rendez-
vous and docking maneuver. The EVIL
dence suggests that close proximity,
rather than actual link-up. was all the
Russians had in mind on both occasions.
But some day they, and we as well,
will be bringing objects together In
space. At first glance the idea seems
more than little scary; after all,
spacecraft in orbit travel at something
like five miles second.
Reflection is reassuring, however.
Relative speed is what counts, and that
five-mile- velocity is relative
to the surface Of the earth. Relative to
each other, spacecraft getting ready to
link up are travelling quite slowly. Our
Gemini programs flight plan calls for
the manned spacecraft to sneak up on
the unnamed target vehicle at a rate
Of only about three miles an hour, with
side-to-side motion limited to about one
fifth Of that. The final link-up will be
accomplished with only the gentlest Of
bumps.
Rendezvous In the sky is not at all
uncommon. Pilots Of our Strategic Air
Command do 1t hundreds Of times every
day, during mid-air refueling maneuvers
six to eight miles above the ground.
Some OF our astronauts believe rendez-
vous in space will actually turn out to
be easier than in-flight refueling OF
aircraft; no air currents exist at orbital
attitudes to buffet the rendezvousing
craft at a crucial moment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24

The breakdown in the CO.
operative machinery estab-
lished in order to obtain
housing for African members
of the diplomatic corps dem
onstrates rather trenchantly
the manifest bad faith en-
ployed by the State Depart
ment in the person Of Pedro
Sanjuan during negotiations
with the Diplomatic Housing
Committee.
However jealous Mr.. San
Juan may be in seeking to
alleviate housing discrimina-
ton in the District, his re-
peated inclusion Of the names
Of Negro State Department
employees in lists Of African
diplomats submitted TO the
housing committee was not
the way 10 bring about the
desired end. State Depart
ment employees on duty In
Washington are not diplo-
mats: they become diplo-
matte officers only when sta
toned abroad. accredited 10
and accepted by the host
country. Also, Mr.. Sanjuan
faults the committee for fail
ing 10 undertake a much
broader program than was
initially agreed TO and UNI
derstood.
II Mr.. 5anjuan expects
Washington realtors 10 CO.
operate with him In locat-
ing suitable housing for State
Department e employees In
Washington, then he should
be willing 10 place at the
disposal Of all Americans EN-
ployed abroad the facilities
OF our embassies in locating
suitable housing. More i'm
portantly Mr.. Sanjuan has
left the African diplomat
housing problem exactly
where he found it--unre-
solved. His preference-and
State's--is obviously TO have
no cake rather than one not
iced 10 his satisfaction.
Lauren J. MichaeIs,
Sumner, Nd.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Frenchmon of Stature Who CrumbIed
BY DONALD MINTZ

matters as the Free French
action in Syria may find it
distinctly confusing.
THIS LIMITATION, of
course, is essential. The sub
ject is Laval. not World War
II and still less the intrica-
cies Of French politics be-
tween the two wars.
Laval, 1t is well to remem-
Der, was an experienced poll
tician. He began his career
on the left and, like Musso-
lini, moved steadily towards
the right. always attentive to
immediate practical possible
ties, and almost always ig-
noring long term considera-
tons expect In so far as they
concerned his own ambitions.
He was appointed to his first
cabinet post in April, 1925,
and he formed his first gov
eminent in January, 1881.
Despite his general short
sightedneSS, he understood
the menace of Nazi Germany
and engaged in a constant
quest for allies against her.
Who or what they were made
no difference to him; his
greatest hope was to form a
solid anti German front with
Mussolini, and he was furi-
Gus with "ideologues" who
considered the Italian die.
tator an uncongenial poten-
tial partner.
For the most part, Mr.. Cole
has resisted two opposite
temptations both Of which,
given the nature 70 the sub
ject, must have been very
strong. He does not try to
make us think Of Laval as a
hero, nor has he produced q
propaganda tract against the
man. His book is probably
too brief to be definitive, but
it is a most welcome contri-
button to our understanding
of World War II and one of
its major figures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
Winding Our Business

Recently / read q letter
from students Of the Tech
nische Hochschule. Stuttgart.
Germany, In which they
protested against the racial
discrimination toward a
minority of the American
citizens. These students de-
manded that we respect the
Constitution.
While a majority Of our
people are not too proud Of
the prevailing racial situa-
ton, these foreign students
need not worry about US; we
will work 1t out somehow, as
we have done for 1877 years.
Besides, we don't need advice
from students whose country
has more to be ashamed Of
during our generation than
this country.
Herman M. Young
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
Feeding the World

Secretary Udall's look into
the future may, as you said,
have been one Of the heart
ening moments Of the World
Food Congress, but your edi-
torial of June is regarding
the potential Of fish protein
concentrate is also hearten-
ing indeed.
The future supply Of low
cost animal protein so essen
tial to the people Of the
world could well come from
the seas. The Interior De-
partment's Bureau Of Com
mercial Fisheries has the be-
ginnings of the answer to
widespread malnutrition and
under-nutrition in fish pro-
tein concentra te-made
tasteless and odorless from
whole fish.
We are working closely
with members Of Congress
who have been most cooper
alive. A committee Of the
National Academy Of Sci
ences is also advising the
department on this program.
One problem we face is
producing a product which
meets the standards of the
Pure Food and Drug Admin
istration, and we are hopeful
of resolving this in the near
future. When this is done,
the next step will be through
pilot operations to assist
private industry In develop
ing a marketable product.
This protein-rich food sup
plement can be of enormous
benefit to more than half
the people Of the world.
James X. Carr,
Under Secretary, Department
aF T,.k1usn,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24

Q. What was the philoso-
piers stone?--E. s.
A. The philosophers stone
was o substance which the
medieval alchemists believed
could convert base metals
into gold. Although the
search for the stone cost
huge fortunes and several
lives. II advanced mans
knowledge Of chemistry.
@. In what ancient battle
were the SUMS rays used TO
set the enemy's wooden ships
on fire7-F, A.
A. The focusing OF the
suns rays BY curved mirror
surfaces was known 10 the
ancient Greeks and Romans,
and Is said 10 have been en-
ployed by the Greeks against
the Romans at the Battle Of
Syracuse. Archimedes Cca.
287-2l2 B.C). Syracuse-born
Greek mathematician and in
ventor, Is credited with hav-
ing constructed the ''burn-
ing mirror" which set Roman
ships on fire when they were
within q bow shot OF the
walls. The Encyclopaedia
Britannica states that II is
probable that Archimedes
had constructed some such
burning instrument, though
the connection OF II with the
destruction Of the Roman
fleet Is more than doubt
ftil -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24

his charge that my state
ment was beyond the legal
bounds Of fair comment"
1t seems to me that my
statement was a reasonable
inference from the following
items in the public record
(from which all my knowl-
edge Of the subject is derived
but which so far as I know
does not contain the full
documentary record" Of
which Ambassador Gal
braith speaks: In 1859,
when there was something
Of a crisis on the Sino-In-
dian border, Secretary Of
State Herter said fatty that
the United States took no
position on the merits Of the
dispute, as distinct from the
way in which Communist
China was pursuing it. !
know from my CONVERSE
tons with people in a posi-
ton to know that this policy
correspondent with the view
of the department at that
time. Nothing has happened
since that affects the merits
of the dispute, on which in
cidentally our ally the Re-
public of China is in full
agreement with our oppo-
nent Communist China.
When, therefore, Ambassa-
dor Galbraith made a state
ment reversing our previous
policy by supporting India
on the merits of the case, I
inferred, perhaps too hastily.
from the fact that the state
ment was made, not as
might have expected and
like the Herter statement
of 1859, in Washington, but
in New Delhi. that the Am
bassador was speaking ION
his own" / do not think
that this inference was 'be-
yond the legal bounds Of fair
comment" Possibly Ambas-
sador Galbraith and I might
both have chosen our words
more carefully.
Harold c. Hinton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
Diplomatic Exchange

Ambassador John Ken
meth Galbraith has written me
obJecting 10 O statement of
mine quoted in The Star o
June 8 to the effect that
last fall he Endorsed the In
dian position on the Sino-
Indian border dispute ION
his own" He says that there
is a full documentary rec
ord on the authority given
by the State Department
for my statements" and
asks that / publish q retrac-
ton.
I am happy TO accept
without further investiga-
ton Ambassador Galbraith's
assurance that he was au-
thorized TO speak as he did.
I must. however, question
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
For overriding domestic

For overriding domestic
reasons. both the great
super-powers Of this world,
the United States and the
Soviet Union, have for
months been operating high
foreign policy more or less
with their left hands"
This description Of current
reality is reluctantly but
earnestly given in private
by an informant Of the high
est competence within the adj
ministration.
It was precisely the exist
ence of this reality that led
President Kennedy's advisers
to encourage him to make a
June visit to Europe, If only
to demonstrate that Ameri-
can concern for the Western
world had not in fact been
submerged by American con-
Germ for strictly American
problems.
Domestic Problems
Not since Mr.. Kennedy
came to office have home
affairs so preoccupied him as
he has been preoccupied in
these recent weeks by the ra-
cial difficulties of the United
States. And also not since
Mr.. Kennedy came to office
has his chief antagonist in
the cold war, Nikita Khru-
shchev, himself been so
preoccupied with home trou-
bles Of his own-notably his
contest with the even more
sinister Chinese for mastery
Of the Communist movement.
Actually, these two leaders
face much the same kind of
problem, in the world sense.
Mr.. Kennedy is under the
rising demands of history to
take some step however bold
and even dangerous-to re-
store the free world to true
repair and thus to vindicate
in form as well as in fact
his right and obligation to
lead 1t.
Khrushchev is under the
rising demands of personal
survival to take some step
however bold and even dang
erous - to prove his lead
ership In that vast prisoner
of-war society which Is in
ternational communism. He
faces an insistent challenge
from the Chinese, who reject
his notion of co-existence
with the West and seek in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
Job Wanted

I am available for a $685.
900 position In Congress to
be paid for by taxpayers. My
qualifications are as follows:
One wife who will work for
$500, two sons who will
consider positions of $4,000
with travel expenses and al
lowances. Of course. We also
have a dog who could de-
liver mail and be a good
guard of securities for $4,000.
Anyone knowing Of above
mentioned position, kindly
contact me Immediately as
my 5000 salary Is inSuffi-
cient TO cover my Congress-
mans intended pay raise.
Thank you.
Robert Holmes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-24
The Bears Face

President Kennedy, in his
American University address
and David Lawrence appear
to agree that we must not
push our adversary too far
I'VE must give the Soviets
some means Of face-saving."
The President remarked that
we must not present an
adversary with the choice of
either q humiliating retreat
or q nuclear war" Such I'M
usual unanimity notwith-
standing, there are expert
enced students Of Communist
theology and practice who
question that theory Of con-
flict in its application to
Marxists, especially Russians.
Is 1t not Communist Party
strategy to humiliate any
enemy government as often
and as much as possible? AS
for Saving face" (their own
face), Lenin said that the
eventual inevitable victory"
Of their system must give
them the pride ito crawl In
the mud on your belly" with
out feeling Inundated; and
ITO retreat when possible and
necessary" lest all gain is lost:
and to use treaties as a ire
spite" and for q breathing
spell.
Communist leaders have
taken pride in their use of
retreat as a method Of sue
cessful combat. This doctrine,
and that Of inevitability of
victory, has heretofore pro-
vided the necessary face-sav-
ing. When one considers the
recent advances of the Rus
sian Empire, and its frequent
retreats Of the past, it is diff
ficult to believe that any
shrewd Russian Marxist
would risk his military force
or his territorial gains ito
save face"
John w. Brabner- Smith.
The Presidents commence
ment address at American
University set forth a realistic
presentation Of the direction
this country should take in
Its leadership toward world
peace. He pointed out that to
consider war inevitable is in
deed a dangerous and defeat
list attitude, and that peace is
"a process, a way Of solving
problems" for which there is
no magic formula but which
is attainable by many nations
working together. He said a
most important point Of COM
mon interest between us and
the Soviets Is that Of hating
the arms race and establish
ing a Just and genuine peace
Recognizing the futility OF
a continued arms race and
continued animosity between
two nations which are in the
most danger Of devastation II
total war were ever to break
again, let us support the
President in these heroic eff
forts. What greater time is
there to turn the tide toward
a peace that enables all men
in all nations to hope, to
grow, and to build a better
life for future generations?
Hubert JehIe.