davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-04-28

five-year-plan will be a S235 mil
lion iron and steel mill. to be built
at Eregli near Turkeys coal de-
positS along the Black Sea. With
mixed private and government
ownership, the mill will also be
partly owned and managed by
three United States firms; the in
itial cost was met by a record
high $l29-million loan from the
Development Loan Fund.
One obstacle toward economic
progress peculiar to Turkey is the
politically astute but fiScally un-
wise subsidized price at which the
government buys wheat and ex-
emption of farmers from income
tax. Honored by time, the system
still remains drain on govern
ment resources.
Major ObstocIe
But perhaps the major obstacle
to economic progress in modern
Turkey, If an outsider can risk
such a sweeping generalization
Though supported by longtime
observers here). lies in the men,
tality of the Turks themselves.
The most striking aspect of the
Turks to visitor, whether In the
Evening star., 1963-04-28

to pay half or $3.50 million a
year at first. though some of the
West European countries, espe-
cially West Germany, are taking
a growing interest in Turkeys
economy.
On Foreign Aid
Turkeys increasing dependence
on foreign aid stems from its
1920 million yearly trade deficit.
Yet most of its major exports
tobacco. dried fruits and nuts,
minerals and cotton-are capable
of expansion as Europe prospers.
Much of the trade imbalance is
caused by Turkeys dearth Of man
ufactured goods; it exported only
$25 million worth last year.
Hopes that Turkey might be-
come a major wheat exporter COL
lapsed in 1860 after a decade of
favorable weather and surpluses;
like so many underdeveloped coun-
tries it is now heavily dependent
on United States surplus food to
feed its people, recently signed a
new $162 million agreement to
receive wheat and other grains
over the next three years.
In common with most poor
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Foreign Aid Thorny
Pakistan and India

fled with the assurance of deliv-
cry and supply Of spare parts for
machinery and automobiles the
Soviet Union had offered to trade
with PakiStan. However, certain
parliamentary circles, according
to the paper, held the view that
PakiStan should seize this oppor-
tunity to diversity" its foreign
trade.
Rejection of the Soviet barter
trade offer has been widely criti-
cised in East Pakistan as a
"blunder." This region fears that
1t would hit jute growers who
are having a glut of the crop.
The Dacca paper Observer said
jute traders there felt that the
barter trade would bring East
Pakistan two notable gains, be-
sides expanding Pakistan's export
trade without adversely affecting
its existing commerce with other
countries. Firstly, 1t would end
the monopoly which now certain
Western countries hold in inter-
national jute trade to the detri-
ment Of Pakistan. Secondly, the
barter would give East Pakistan
capital goods for industrialization
without increasing foreign loans.
Moscow Is Annoyed
Rawalpindi's new attitude
seems to have annoyed Moscow.
On April IL, Trud, an organ Of
the Central Soviet Trade Union,
criticized Pakistan's present eco
nomic policies. It said these poll
cies forced PakiStan to incur
American loans to meet a mount
ing military expenditure while
the living standards Of the peo-
pie are falling steadily" Trud
added: Submitting to pressure,
Pakistan must pay for various
American commodities at 30 per
cent TO 40 per cent above their
WOIlu HlhTkeJ pIlCeb'
Early this year, there appeared
TO be a thaw In Pakistan's rela-
tions with Communist countries,
after years Of animosity. The Ka-
rachi Dawn. which generally rep
resents President Ayub's views.
announced that Pakistan's Third
Plan. beginning from 1865, would
have an East European bias"
inasmuch as a number OF heavy
industries were expected TO be fl
nanced by Communist countries.
Pakistans experience in basing
the Second Plan entirely on
Western aid. II said. had mot
been very happy" and was not
likely TO be repeated In the Third
Plan. CThree East European
countries have so far offered eco
nomic aid without stri ngs."
These offers are being considered
by RawalpindiD
The then Foreign Minister Mo-
hammed Ali (now dead had an
nounced that Pakistan was con-
sidering the feasibility Of sending
a cultural and a journalistic dele
cation TO the Soviet Union, 10 be
followed by an economic mission.
Evening star., 1963-04-28

famous ancestor want to create
a modern European state. But the
Islamic past weighs heavily on
their shoulders,
Turkey has been a Moslem state
since Constantinople fell to the
Seliuk Turks in the mid Fifteenth
century, Certain attributes of Is
lamic tradition do not easily lend
themselves to rapid economic ard
social change One is fatalism; to
go against authority Including
modern governmentSJ is to go
against God; this hardly encour-
ages the growth of bold expert
mental spirits needed by a rapidly
changing society. Another is the
subjugation Of women. A third is
restriction of honorable profess
sions to agriculture and soldering.
Stoture OF Women
AS a result, Turkey has little
inherent business tradition; its
merchants have traditionally been
foreigners, though it is beginning
to build up an entrepreneurial
class of its own. It's women, leg
ally, but not socially, enjoy equal
status with men. Too many Turks,
especially in rural areas, prefer to
spent the day sitting in the
crowded coffee houses playing
tric-trac "a cousin of backgam-
NOM while their wives are sent
out to plow the fields.
Yet Turks today are resentful
that their country, alone of the
European" nations. has not pros
pered; they have yet to answer
the hard question of whether they
are willing to adopt the attitudes
necessary to secure the material
goods they so clearly want.
Much of this country's political
instability is the result of the
Turks cropping for a reason to
explain why they have Jagged be-
hind. coupled with their inability
TO find a leadership which can
successfully tie their Moslem past
to the Wasternized present.
Kemal Ataturk, Turkeys peter
the Great" cruSaded fiercely to
Westernize Turkey. From the early
l920s until his death in 1888, he
tried to modernize Turkeys gov
ernment, economy. education,
dress and religion. With fierce de-
termination, he ousted the Sultan,
ending six centuries of Ottoman
rule. He Mortified Islam by abol-
ishing the Caliphate equivalent
to CatholiciSms Pope), replaced
religious laws with the Swiss civil
code and Arabic with Latin script,
outlawed the fez and forced the
Turks to wear Western clothes,
freed women from age-old bond
age and drove Turks into COM
merce and industry.
Democratic Experiment
Though he experimental with
democracy. Ataturk's political leg
acy was essentially an authoritar-
ian regime run by one party.
BY World War lis end, Alta
turks successor, Ismet Inonu
NOW at 80, again Prime Minister
allowed the formation of an oppo-
sition party, the Democrat. When
in 1850, the Democrats elected an
overwhelming majority in Tur-
keys National Assembly, it ap-
peared that Turkey was estab-
Evening star., 1963-04-28
BY WILLIAM II. FRYE
Contributing Writer

SINGAPORE. - This teeming
city with more than ! million
Chinese residents is a kind of
potential Berlin in reverse-a po-
tential Communist salient deep
inside the free world.
The Communist Party is illegal
In Singapore. But 1t is very active
under cover and is making a Sc
rious bid for power.
Stimulus and direction are pro-
vided by militant left-wing labor
unions. Chinese schools have been
infiltrated. Experts estimate Com
munist strength at between 20
and rs per cent OF the electorate.
An independent Singapore
would be likely to go Communist
within five years-perhaps much
sooner, 1t is widely predicted. And
Singapore's present ties 10 the
British automatically expire Au-
gust 81.
There is therefore a time bomb
ticking away here in the CONNER
cial heartland Of Southeast Asia.
Britain and Malaga are seeking
to defuse the bomb by migrating
Singapore into a larger fedora
ton including Malaga, Serawak,
Brunei and North Borneo. The
federation will be known as
Malaysia.
Internal Security
Internal security In the fedora
tion-that is the Job Of keeping
Communists under control
would be in the hands OF the
highly efficient Malayan army
and police who were seasoned for
the task by years OF battling
Communist guerrillas at home.
This plus the fact that British
military bases would remain for
Evening star., 1963-04-28
BY NARANJAN s. UPPAL
Contributing Writer


NEW DELHI. - The growing
friendship between Pakistan and
Communist China is paralleled
by q marked acerbity in Pakis-
tan's relations with the Soviet
Union. Whether this is a reversal
of the trend, which was discern
ible during the last three years,
cannot be said with certainty.
One reason for this estrange-
ment might be the deepening
theological conflict between Mos
COW and Peking. Another is the
continued Soviet support for In
dia on Kashmir.
These Pakistan- Soviet differ
ences appear to have blocked ex-
pansion of trade between them.
Their existing trade is limited to
purchases made by Russia in
Pakistan out of the fund Of local
currency with which Pakistan re-
pays a $50 million credit the
Soviet Union gave to help oil ex-
ploration in the country. In con-
trast, the trade agreement be-
tween Communist China and
Pakistan, signed in Karachi last
January, was a smooth affair.
A few days ago. Pakistan Com
merce Minister Wahiduzzaman
and the Soviet Embassy in Ka-
rachi were engaged In a public
controversy. Mr.. Wahiduzzaman
told the National Assembly that
Pakistan would readily accept the
Soviet government offer to in
crease the volume of trade be-
tween the two countries II suit
able terms we're proposed. The
Soviet offer was for the barter Of
Pakistan's principal foreign ex-
change earning commodities like
jute and cotton for Russian man.
ufactures. Since jute was a cash
crop. he said, PakiStan would not
encourage q barter trade In this
commodity.
Soviet Trode Proposal
Three days later. q Soviet EN-
bassy press release pointed out
that mo reply has been received
so far" on the Soviet trade pro-
posals submitted to the Pakistan
Commerce Ministry eight months
ago. although the Commerce Sec
retary had promised several
times TO convey his views" on the
subject. It added: This fact (de-
lay In answering the Soviet pro-
posals) cannot but be considered
as q sign OF homeopathic at
titude on the part OF the ministry
toward the proposals made TO It,"
The Embassy disclosed that the
Soviet Union had offered TO in
crease the volume OF trade to $50
million this year.
Mr.. Wahiduzzaman retorted
that Pakistan would only accept
q reasonable" Soviet offer.
On the same day. Pakistan's
most influential daily, the Kara
Chi Dawn. reported that the PAX
istan government was not salts
Evening star., 1963-04-28
SINGAPORE ime Bomb in MaIaya

lean diplomat. I'VE fear them be-
cause they are Chinese"
Philippine opposition to Malay
sia stems ostensibly from a legal
claim which President Macapagal
makes TO North Borneo, a terri
tory rich in rubber and timber
which is Just 18 miles across the
Sulu Sea from the southernmost
tip of the Philippine archipelago.
In the case of Manila too there
are complications including the
attempted sale Of stock held by
Philippine government officials in
Borneo enterprises.
There is also a swashbuckling
angle to the story In the Philip
pine pirates who swoop down on
North Borneo towns. They have
terrorized the populace TO the
point where something corre-
spending to an air raid siren sys-
tenn has been set up TO spread
the alarm when the pirates are
coming. This makes the Filipino
claim to the territory highly un-
popular with the people.
Three-Woy Struggle
The whole thing might be re-
garded as a Gilbert and Sullivan
operetta we're 1t not for the fact
that Britain. Red China and the
United States have been drawn In.
The United States backing Ma
laysia-though discreetly-is en-
dangering It's relations with the
Philippines. Indonesia has been
driven deeper toward the arms OF
Red China by a common interest
In blocking Malaysia.
1ndonesia and the Philippines,
which agree on very little else
have found themselves bedfellows
on Malaysia. Though somewhat
embarrassed by the fact. they
have co-operated.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
BY ROBERT CRITCHFIELD
Contributing Writer


ISTANBUL. - Turkey, viewed
from the West, has long seemd
to be a kind of vast military base.
Its 250,000-man army, free Eu-
ropes largest, guards the East
ernmost rampant of NATO's Is
nation defenSeS.
The recent decision to remove
the is Jupiter missile bases from
Turkish soil, the development of
intercontinental missiles and less
emphasis on conventional forces Of
ground troops lessen Turkeys
strategic Importance. But 1t still
harbors large garrisons of United
States servicemen, mostly tech
nicians, and furnishes a vital
listening post into the heart Of
Russia. Then an estimated 10 to
80 per cent of Russian shipping
still passes through the Turkish
controlled Bosphorus and Dar-
denelles, linking the Black Sea
and the Mediterranean.
To support Turkeys status In
NATO. the United States alone
has spent almost 81 billion In
military and economic aid here
since 1947. more than in Africa
and the Middle East combined.
Last year Turkey was the third
largest recipient of United States
foreign aid. 1t received 1856 mil
lion topped only by India's 1888
million and Pakistan's $439 mil
lion).
Justification for pouring bill
lions Of dollars into Turkey has
been the size of its army, en-
couraged by the United States
since 1t is far cheaper to subsidize
Turkish troops than maintain a
similar number of American SOL
diers.
The Country Itself
But Turkeys purely strategic
Importance has long obscured
abroad the condition of the
country itself. Today, as It's
European neighbors, including
Greece, prosper within or In as
sociation with the Common Mar
ket, Turkey remains outside, an
under developed nation. plagued
by political instability and unable
to wholly reconcile a Western
way of life with its traditional
Islamic faith.
The 80 million Turks still make
an income of only 1920 per head
a year compared to Americas
$2,500 or, at the other end Of the
scale, India's $7O. Ordinary
wages still hover between $50 to
$50 a month.
Failing to create self-generat-
ing economy with sustained
growth (partly due to the strain
of supporting its vast army the
Turks have recently Joined the
developing nations with planned
economies. The country's first
five-year-plan, inagurated last
month, aims for z per cent
annual increase in the gross ma
tional product.
The Turks hope to raise $500
million year to cover the plans
foreign exchange requirements,
themselves have only STA million
in current reserves (enough to fl
nance only two months Imports.
The United States. a member of
the nine-nation aid-Turkey con-
sortium, will probably be asked
Evening star., 1963-04-28

a time in Singapore has stirred
bitter Chinese Communist opposi-
tion.
The British and Malayans say
they can handle Peking. But In
donesia and the Philippines have
also come out strongly against
Malaysia and this is a more Sc
rious matter.
Indonesia will be Malaysia's
next-door neighbor. The Indone-
SLAMS would have the capacity to
instigate and finance internal
subversion. Indeed whether Off
cially or not they have already
done so on a small scale In Sara
wax and Brunei.
Why Indonesia opposes Malay
sia is a complicated story, diff
cult TO untangle. In part II is a
personal vendetta between Indo-
nesian President Sukarno and
Malaya's Prime Minister Tunku
Abdul Rahman, vendetta which
does not do credit TO either mars
But that is not all OF II. Some
Indonesians say Malaysia. so far
from being a buffer against Red
China, would In fact spread Chi
nese influence - that in effect
Singapore would swallow UP Ma
laysia, not Malaysia Singapore.
History Of Antosonism
Some Indonesians may be soft on
communism. but few are soft on
the Chinese. There is a long his
tory OF antagonism between the
two races.
Even during the recent visit TO
Indonesia OF Peking's titular head
OF state there were anti Chinese
demonstrations in Cheribon, a
community on the north shore Of
Java.
"You fear the Chinese because
they are Communists" an Indo-
nesian recently said TO an Amer
Evening star., 1963-04-28
BY PETER STURSBERG
Special TO The Star

OTTAWA.-There's a snap to
this new Canadian government
that's been missing from national
affairs for years.
Prime Minister Lester Pearson
and his Is cabinet ministers act
as If they know where they're
going and how they're going to
get there.
The Defense Minister, 39-year-
old Paul Hellyer, hadn't been in
office an hour before he an
nounced that Canada would sign
a bilateral atomic treaty with the
United States within a month.
Such an agreement is necessary
before the United States can sup
ply nuclear arms for Canadian
forces.
1t was like that too when Mike
Pearson emerged from the first
meeting of his cabinet to run the
gauntlet of waiting reporters and
photographers.
An aide showed press releases
Of cabinet announcements into
waiting hands. Mr.. Pearson kept
on moving, brushing off ques-
TONERS.
I've got to CO." he said. "I've
got things to do"
And he has: with the newly
elected Parliament called to meet
May l6. the Prime Minister has
TO oversee preparation of legisla-
ton for the session, and at the
same time must prepare for per-
sonal meetings he will have with
British Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan and President Kennedy
before Parliament meets.
Thowine-out Process
These conferences have the ut
most priority. They are intended
to thaw the frost out OF the re-
lationship between Ottawa and
London and between Ottawa and
Washington-frost that formed
during the regime of the
petulantly nationalistic Conserva-
tive Prime Minister. John Die
fenbaker.
Mr.. Pearson started arranging
these meetings a week before he
became Prime Minister-sending
personal. unofficial messages 10
Mr.. Macmillan and Mr.. Kennedy
asking them 10 meet him after
he took office. At that point II
wasn't even certain that Prime
Minister Diefenbaker would re-
sign 10 make way for Mr.. Pearson,
but he couldn't waste time watt
ing TO find out before launching
his plans.
Mr.. Pearson will fly TO Britain
at the end OF this month for a
two-day meeting with Prime Min
lister Macmillan early In May
Topic A, trade. Then back for a
similar session with Mr.. Kennedy
Topic A, defense.
The Liberal program breaks
naturally into two spheres Of ac-
ton: the international, which Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-09
ACCEPTS
PLAQUE

Miss Rowonnetto 5.
Allen (Ieft) ossistont
superint n d O Mt
of schools for Prince
Georges County, &C.
cepts the Chase Plaque
from Mr.. Jeremioh
TownIey Chase, q de-
scendont of Somuel
Chase, and Mrs. Chase
at exercises lost week
dedicotine the new
Samuel Chase EIe-
mentory School in
Temple Hills, Nd.
-Stor Stoff Photo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-09
Behur-BIoom

Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Behar
of West Hyattsville, Md. an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter Serena Mona
to Mr.. Curtis Jeffrey Bloom,
son Of Mr.. and Mrs. Carl
Bloom of Silver Spring, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-09
BurIeson-Hennessy

Mr.. and Mrs. Garland
Francis Kitchen of Stony
Greek, Va, announce the en-
gagement Of their daughter
Mrs. Mary Frances Burleson
of Adelphi, Md. to Capt.
John Garrett Hennessy,
USAF, son Of Mrs. Ruth C..
Hennessy of PeekSkin. N. Y,
and the late Mr.. Albert G.
Hennessy. A summer we'd
ding Is planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-09
Fisher-FIetcher

Mrs. Edwin Lyle Fisher Of
Bethesda announces the en-
gagement Of her daughter
Mary Louise to Midshipman
Paul Reed Fletcher, son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles A.
Fletcher Of Bethesda. A June
wedding Is planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-09
Lynn-Hirz
HiII-Stein

Mrs. Sylvia Hill Of Park
ersburg, w. Va. and Mr.. Nc
liver A. Hill of Chillicothe,
Ohio announce the engage
ment Of their daughter Joyce
Ellen, Of New York City, to
Mr.. Kenneth j. Stein Of New
York, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
George S. Stein of Pough-
keepsie, N. Y. The wedding is
planned for December IA in
New York City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-09
ENGAGED
Tremendously

Mr.. and Mrs. Edward G.
Reiner Of Alexandria, Va. an
nounce the engagement OF
their daughter Rita Ernes-
tine TO 1t. James Leroy Hor-
sey, UsMC, son Of Major
CUSA, ret) and Mrs. FL
dreidge j. Horsey Of Delmar,
Del. An early summer we'd
ding is planned.
Zohniser-Yeots
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert
Wright Zahniser Of Solo,
mons, Md. announce the en-
gagement Of their daughter
Sarah Jane to Capt. Philip
Lansdale Yeats, United
States Army. son Of 1t. Col.
and Mrs. Joseph Jones Yeats
Of Paso Robes, Calf. A
January wedding Is planned.
Ivnn-Hirz
Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard B.
Lynn Of Alexandria, Va. an
nounce the engagement Of
their daughter, Elaine
Daphne to Mr.. Ronald H.
Hirz, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Bernard B. Hirz of Silver
Spring. Md. A summer we'd
ding Is planned.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1963-11-14
More Lighting
Expected in
Rural areas

Up-county residents may get
their long-sought lighting of
major streets and highways in
next years budget, under a pro-
posal recently submitted to the
County Council.
County Manager Mason A.
Butcher told the Council that
over ST. million in funds re-
turned to the county from
Maryland motor vehicle license
fees could be applied to street
lighting, starting next year.
Recent action OF the State
Legislature, he said, frees such
funds from their historic com.
mitment to school uses In the
county.
BY applying some of the
motor vehicle funds to road
lighting, Butcher said, the coun-
ty would be able to cut in half
the present 10-cent suburban
district tax.
Butcher explained this will be
possible because current motor
vehicle revenues from registra-
ton fees are rising faster than
the county's population rate. He
said the general county tax,
however, would be increased "by
almost the same amount" as the
suburban tax is cut initially.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1963-11-14
Safe RObberies
Plaguing Police
And Businesses

Montgomery County Polio e
have reported four more safe
cracking jobs and one attempt
ed robbery in a series of rob-
berries plaguing local business
men.
Thieves broke into a safe
owned by Henry Dietle, pro.
prietor of Dietle's Tavern, 11010
Rockville Pike, Rockville, some
time Tuesday night.
A .35 caliber pistol and $2O50
were taken from the safe, po-
lice reported. Entry was made
through an unlocked lavatory
window.
Police also report an attempt
ed safecracking job at Con-
gressional Oldsmobile, 1850 E.
Montgomery Ave, Rockville,
sometime Monday night and
early Tuesday.
Other burglaries, reported
last week, include two in Be-
thesda and Silver Spring, where
robbers got away with more
than $1,000.