davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
BY LLOYD b. DENNIS
Contributing Writer

BALTIMORE-Cries Of Censor
ship" and denying the people
their right to know" were voiced
here last Monday when broad
casters for 10 local radio stations
and the National Association of
Broadcasters tried to convince
Mayor Theodore r. McKeldin to
veto an ordinance banning the
playing of transistor radios on
public transportation. Their pleas
were in vain, for three hours after
he heard their arguments, the
Mayor approved the measure.
For months now, citizens have
been protesting the tranSistor
craze that swept across the Pa
cific out of Japan not long ago.
What had been irritating to these
people was not so much the small
radios themselves, but the full
blasting, sometimes jolly sounds
coming from the tiny technical
marvel that is a by-product of a
mass production society. As
Suredly, as some people said,
There is a sound heard but
IL is not the sound of the turtle"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Three-Yeor Crusade

The Qoud) noises aimed toward
radio owners (mostly teen-agers)
who seem to have no regard for
their fellow passengers, finally
ended last June when Leon A.
RubenStein, councilman for the
fifth district, introduced a bill
outlawing their operation on any
public motor vehicle. Violation
subjects the offender to a $40
fine.
The crusade for outlawing the
radios had its beginning way back
in February, 1860. At that time,
George H. Berger, a victim, wrote
a letter to the then Mayor j..
Harold Grady, who in turn for
warded the complaint to the
Public Service Commission. The
mayor told Mr.. Berger they had
jurisdiction on such matters. In
time, the commission responded to
the letter by saying that though
they had jurisdiction over the
service rendered by the Baltimore
Transit Company, they believed
its authority did not extend to
matters referred to in :" his
communication. For more than
year the matter stayed at a
low frequency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25

either a dead weight, or too
unwieldly to facilitate common
action.
Some kind Of loose confedera-
ton like the World Council Of
Churches is a possible solution"
he suggested. I'm the United
States the National Council Of
Churches seems to be the answer"
The Ecumenical Movement tries
to bring together churches "sepa-
rated from one another by diff
ferences Of theology. ways Of wor-
ship, church culture, past history
and other non-theological fac
tors" The goal is cooperation
in areas of mutual concern.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
The Seven Tosks

Seven fundamental tasks for the
council were written into the con-
stitution when the organization
was formed in l948. They are:
/. To carry on the work OF the
two world movements for Faith
and Order and for Life and Work.
2. To facilitate common action
by the churches.
3. To promote cooperation in
study
4. To promote the growth OF
ecumenical consciousness in the
members Of all churches.
5. To establish relationships
with UNCONVENTIONAL declarations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
BY CASPAR NAMES
Star Staff Writer

Actions of historic significance
are expected at the eight-day
meeting of the Central Committee,
World Council of Churches, OPEN
ing tomorrow at the Colgate Ro-
chester Divinity School in Ro-
chester. N. Y.
This is the second committee
gathering since its members were
elected at the third assembly Of
the World Council Of Churches in
1861 at New Delhi. Last year the
group met in Paris.
The 100-member policy-making
Central Committee, which convenes
annually between council assem-
blies, will debate and act upon
many pressing issues.
Chairman of the committee is
DR.. Franklin Clark Fry, of New
York, president Of the Lutheran
Church in America.
The session marks the 18th
anniversary Of the formation in
1948 Of the World Council of
Churches at Amsterdam. At that
time representatives from la
Protestant, Anglican and Eastern
Orthodox communions brought q
dream of many years to fruition
by forming a body aimed at fur
ther unity among the churches.
These independent church bodies
are still pursuing the ever pres
ent, yet ever distant, goal of union.
Their basic hopes rest upon an
Interpretation Of the word union"
other than that usually suggested.
1t is this difference that makes
the final achievement paradox
ically difficult and possible.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Exporters Tariff

The information hunt is aimed
less at United States exporters
tariff problems than at uncovering
trade impediments as insidious as
hidden taxes. These are the nom
tariff barriers. Many in govern
ment and industry consider them
more restrictive than duties. A
recent Commerce Department
classification lists 81 of them.
They included:
Import licenses, currency ex-
change controls, quotas, taxes,
labelling and packaging require
ments, surcharges, credit and
price controls, state trading and
operating m onopolies, fees for
making mistakes in import docu-
ments. excessive and costly docu-
mentation, advertising restrictions,
product standards and specifica-
tons, trading bloc preferences.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25

1930S with countervailing duties
and other weapons of trade re-
taliation.
The first retaliatory blow al
ready has been struck among
GAIT nations. About a year ago,
the United States raised tariffs on
carpets and rugs. European Com
mon Market countries counter
punched with duty increases on
synthetic fiberS, plastics and
paints and varnisheS.
Most observers, however, believe
that the present trend toward
world trade war will not continue
long. A more substantial fear, they
think, is that international tenn
pers may become so inflamed in
chicken fight that meaningful
trade barrier reductions may be
difficult If not impossible to OBJ
tain at the next GAIT conference
in Geneva next May.
In no less than seven govern
ment departments, world trade
specialists have been amassing
what probably will be the most
formidable arsenal of fact and
argument United States negotia-
tors ever have been able to bring
to GAIT conference tables.
In the Commerce Department
alone, more than 1000 persons
have been engaged in this pro-
ject and the enliSting the nation
in an about drive for trade ex-
pansion. Loss Of their efforts and
those Of tens Of thousands of
businessmen allies in all parts of
the country in q skirmish over
chickens clearly would constitute
a phenomenal high in national
Illustration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Led by Kennedy

Such a dismal prospect arises,
furthermore. as the export cam
paign, led personally by President
Kennedy, gives evidence of pro-
ducing, this year at least. meager
results.
The unofficial goal of the drive
is a 10 per cent gain in exports
for 1868. According to the most
recent Census Bureau figures, ex-
ports for the first six months of
this year, exclusive Of military
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Voticon Attendance

DR.. Roswell p. Barnes, executive
secretary in the United States for
the World Council. considered the
attendance Of Protestant and
Eastern Orthodox observers at the
Vatican meeting most significant.
This followed soon after the
attendance for the first time Of
Roman Catholic official observers
at the 1861 assembly Of the World
Council in New Delhi" DR.. Barnes
noted. Through such develop
ments the churches are increas-
ingly giving expression to their
mutual interest in Christian
unity"
DR.. Verghese, who also serves as
the councils director OF the Di-
vision Of Ecumenical Action,
pointed out that most Protestants
fear merger Of existing denomi-
nations into one huge church
would result in q mammoth Or
ganization that could become
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
"A Theological Job

OF these departments Faith and
Order is most directly related to
church unity.
THE long-term examinations in
depth Of the divisions between
churches Is largely a theological
job and the people who take part
in these discussions are mainly
theologians," the Rev. Patrick c.
Rodger, Faith and Order Depart
ment executive secretary, ex-
planned.
He pointed out that the Faith
and Order movement arose acct
dentally out of the Edinburg Con-
ference Of 1910. a meeting aimed
at discussing missionary co-opera-
ton among Protestant churches
without involving questions Of doc
trine. But many soon realized that
II you are going TO have corpora
ton between churches the deeper
issues Of what divides them will
inevitably arise.
There are many reasons, and
theologians and laity take turns
in blaming each other for OBJ
stacles to unity. DR.. Wiser I
Hooft observed "in many cases
the laity does not see why church
unity is important. They think
1t is desirable but do not feel there
is any great sense Of obligation.
On the other hand, theologians
do not take seriously enough the
new situation we are now in. We
cannot afford the weaknesses Of
our divisions"
Mr.. Rodger warns that unity
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
7 ransistor Radios
OutIawed on Buses

passed so too did the volume OF
complaints increase. Letters to
the local newspapers, the city
council and the Mayor all pro-
tessed annoyance. "A happy
breed (these transistor owners
it is almost impossible to get
on bus today without accompa-
niment of pop music blaring or
commercials blasting from some
ones radio. ;" And another
likened the irritant of such sounds
to the problem of smoking and
splitting on buses and pointed out
that since these acts were for
hidden, why couldn't the "irri-
tating and persistent racket, that
symbol of teenage witlessness,
that invader of privacy, that
spoiler of Saturdays and Sundays
(at football and baseball games
-" be forbidden also?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
-danset van Antwsrpen.

and a bureaucratic predisposition
to be both diliatory and arbitrary.
In some instances, the barriers
prohibit imports completely. In
others, they tend to keep outside
competition, sometimes from the
United States only, at predeter-
mined levels. All of them, except
for many taxes, are subject to
GAIT negotiation and offer not
only avenues for greatly increas-
ing United States trade, but per-
haps the most effective method
for slowing down the dollars tide
short of substantial cuts on for
eign economic and military aid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Why Not Drums?

Perseverance, however, finally
yielded a response to another
letter sent by Mr.. Berger, this
time to the Baltimore Transit
people directly. CHe waited nearly
a year for this responseO ]. B.
Duvall, jr., vice president. told
him that I'VE do not believe we
can enforce any rule preventing
passengers from playing radios
while on our vehicles" Answering
the transit company letter in
kind, Mr.. Berger came back with
6. a person could play a drum
or calliope on the bus regardless
of the annoyance to other pas
sengers. -"
But still no action. And as time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
World Council Still Pursuing Church Union

cannot be imposed upon people
but must be desired by them.
Forces for Unity
But DR.. Wiser t Hooft pointed
out there are strong forces run
ming to unity.
There is much greater interest
in all matters relating to church
unity than ever before" he said.
ALSO, there is strong pressure
from the younger generation in
this direction. Youth Is showing
real impotence at the slow pace
of churches toward unity"
Following World War II, the
World Council increased so rap
idly that by its formal organiza-
ton in 1913, considerable num-
Der Of churches belonged.
Since then we have had an
increase each year." DR.. Wiser t
Hooft said. I'm 1861. % churches
came in at one time. Last summer,
seven more joined. We now have
over 200 denominations from
every part Of the world"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Unity GIN Style

Unity, DR.. Willem A. Wiser 7
Hooft, general secretary OF the
council. pointed out. does not
necessarily mean organic union or
even administrative Capitalization
The implication of having a large
united church Is not necessarily
that 1t should be centralized" he
explained. THE Eastern Orthodox
churches are united but have ire
mendous decentralization with
each national church wholly re-
sensible for its own life. The
Anglican churches have unity in
the same way. People make a mis-
take by thinking united means
administration unity"
What we mean is unity on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Goes Back to 1856

Since 1856 when United States
investors first began to take new
notice of overseas earning OPP
portunities, nearly $23.27 billion
in United States dollars have
gone into various kinds of foreign
securities. The SIS billion thus
invested during the first half of
1868 was only about $770 million
below the total for 1862 and could
preSage a new high in profit
seeking abroad.
The recent discount rate rise
to three and half per cent has
served to retard the outgo of
short-term capital. Treasury Sec
rotary Dillon last week said the
administrations proposed equali-
cation tax on foreign securities
could subtract upwards of 81 bill
lion from the dollar flow. But
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Unique Ordinance

Finally, officials could no longer
avoid the bombarGment. Early in
June, Mr.. Rubenstein introduced
his ordinance, said to be the first
of its kind in the country. At its
meeting, the city council sus-
pended its rules and unanimously
passed the bill prohibiting per
sons on certain mass transit We
hicles to operate and to make
audible sounds with any radio,
tranSiStor radio or other electronic
equipment or device" The meas
ure does allow private listening
by means of earphoneS, as long
as other passengers are not both
cred. Since the city council passed
the measure, no violations were
reported to the police, and COM
muters seem to be arriving at
their desks in the morning and
relaxing at home with a mar
TINS in the evening a little cheer
Ter than a few months back.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25

of worldwide scope and with
other ecumenical movements.
6. To call world conferences on
specific subjects, such conferences
to publish their own findings.
7. To support the churches in
their task Of evangelism.
To achieve these detectives the
council has been divided into four
divisions; ecumenical action, study
interchurch aid and service to
refugees, and the commission of
the churches on international
affairs.
Ecumenical Action has been sub
divided into the departments Of
youth, laity, men and women, and
the ecumenical institute at Bossey,
Switzerland. The Study Division
consists of faith and order, church
and society, missionary studies,
and evangelism departments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Organization Of Council

Governing body Of the council
is the assembly. originally sched-
uled to meet every six years. So
far, three assemblies have been
held-at Amsterdam In 1948, at
Evanston, H.. in 1854, and at New
Delhi in 1861.
The assembly consists Of dele
gates from member churches.
They elect the presidium Of six
presidents chosen carefully to rep
resent geographical, racial and
UNCONVENTIONAL elements.
Headquarters of the World
Council is at Geneva. Originally
housed In a small furnished home,
bought in 1945. the council now
occupies four buildings and five
barracks on a campus-like area
at II Route de Malagnon. A new
SO million structure, to be COM
pleted this year or early next
year. is being erected on the other
side of town.
The future looks promising to
leaders Of the World Council OF
Churches. Not only has the or
ganization grown in numbers, but
1t has greatly increased in stature
since the instituting convention Of
l948. To this must be added the
current widespread ecumenical
spirit. one far surprising the fond
est hopes OF those who founded
the council.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Practice in Europe

European countries have in
stituted the practice of taxing i'm
ports to equalize excuses taxes. But
some of them, including West
Germany and Italy. have over
equalized to the advantage Of
their own manufactures. A fire.
quently cited example is the
Italian automobile road tax which
runs from $3.50 on a standard
United States car and $170 on a
compact to $44 and SIT on Euro
pean makes.
Equalization taxes, presumably
including the proposed q Unite d
States equalizer on foreign invest
ments, are subject to negotiation
and, at least in the minds Of Com
merce fact-finders, prime targets
for Geneva next spring.
Retaliation for the $46 million
shrinkage in annual poultry sales
was not taken by the United
States as a matter of whim. 1t
was required by the 1862 extern
sion of the Reciprocal Trade
Agreements Act with its strong
provisions for the protection of
American agriculture. Even so,
the Strike-back by Mr.. Herter's
office might have been delayed
but for fires ignited under it by
members of Congress, including
some Of its most vocal promoters
of world trade who happen also
to represent several Of the coun-
try's principal poultry-producing
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Chain Reaction

Worst of the fears is that higher
duties will set off chain reaction
of duty rises leading to the kind of
trade war which came during the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
Arguments of Broodcosters


1t was shortly after the bill
passed when the broadcasters re-
quested their audience with the
Mayor to voice their arguments.
Gathering in Mr.. McKeldin's Of
flee earlier last week, the Is re-
personalities I'll from here and
2 from Nab listed The following
reasons why the city's Chief Exec
utive should veto the council rul-
ing: Cd A transiStor serves as a
messenger rather than a menace
and you cannot outlaw something
that brings news; 90 Approval
would put a curb on advertising
outlets; 80 1t would be a form of
censorship in that the people are
deprived of learning what they
have the right to know" a.
There can be no infringement of
the airwaves; 90 Outlawing the
radios forces your listening
tastes on others, and as one sta
ton manager said: II think that's
Illegal" and 90 BY outlawing
these radios. you are cutting down
on the potential sales of transis-
tors.
The Mayor, after hearing this
last reason asked: Have the NO
Smoking signs caused people to
curtail their smoking?" He signed
the bill a few hours later.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-25
BACK OF THE CHICKEN WAR CT
New U.S.. Export Fight Means Business
BACK OF THE CHICKEN WAR
BY ROBERT T. De WORE
Contributing Writer

OonIloutlng WIlVeE
What has been described as the
Great Chicken Battle Of 1868
moves toward Q final stage next
month in . public hearing here.
II ever in the 29-year history Of
the Trade Agreements Act there
has been Q hearing on raising
tariffs - and that's the subject
Of this one-no one in the office
Of the Presidents special trade
negotiator, Christian A. Herter,
has heard Of 1t.
The purpose Of the trade act
Is to achieve a lowering Of tariffs
and other trade barriers in re-
ciprocal agreements with nations
throughout the world. It Is the
authority. moreover, with which
this and preceding administra-
tons have tried to preserve tariff
reductions as q basic principle of
the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT, q contract
governing most free-world trade.
It happens that the act also
will require higher duties to be ap-
piled not only against GAIT sig
natory countries, some Of which
are primary targets Of next
months proceedings, but among
other nations with which the
United States has reciprocal
agreements.
Such q result will be brought
about by application of the most
favored-nation principle, a con-
cept intended to effect impartial
distribution of concessions to freer
trade and the promotion of comfy
among nations. That 1t could have
the contrary consequence of pro-
pagating tariff increases and in
ternational irritations certainly
was not what the laws trainers
sought.
But these seem likely to be the
least significant Of paradoxes
emerging from the trade hearing
set for 10 am. Wednesday, Sep
TENDER 4 in the United States
Tariff Commission hearing room.
Will Producers Benefit?
To begin with, there's no GER
tainty that the nations two mil
lion poultry farmers will benefit
soon, if at all, from the proceed
ings. The purpose is to give the
Office of the Special Representa-
tive for Trade Negotiations in
formation for deciding how much
to raise duties on how many of 10
commodities, almost wholly I'M
related to animal huSbandry, to
retaliate against high European
Economic Community tariffs on
chickens and other barnfowl.
But the strangeSt paradox could
lie in the obvious disparity be-
tween the chicken battle objec-
tive-the recapture of about $46
million in United States poultry
sales in Europe-and hundreds of
millions of dollars in new export
business which might be nego-
tiated for American industries
under the GAIT contract.
The disparity can be expressed
in another way: United States
poultry producers annual loss in
sales to the Common Market by
reason of it's new system of levieS
amounts to about one-ten thou
sandth of total United States
agricultural exports for 1862.
What gives Importance to this all
but invisible fraction of the coun-
try's world commerce are chicken
battle consequences so frightening
that few in government want to
talk about them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-12
Tasty Christmas Tidbits
Made With BruziI Nuts

to creamed mixture with
Brazil nuts; mix thoroughly.
Shape into balls about p
inch in diameter. Place on
INCREASED baking sheets.
Bake in a moderate oven $3.50
degrees p 20 minutes. Cool
slightly on baking sheet: roll
in sifted confectioners' sugar.
Yield: Approximately seven
dozen cookies.
Brazil Nut Meringues
2 egg whites
/ cup sugar
u teaspoon salt
/ tablespoon lemon Juice
IA cups ground Brazil nuts
Marachino cherries
Beat egg whites until stiff,
but not dry. Gradually add
sugar and salt with lemon
juice. Beat until mixture is
very stiff. Remove y cup Of
the meringue: reserve. Fold
Brazil nuts into remaining
meringue. Drop by table
spoons on baking sheets COW
cred with heavy brown paper.
Top with small amount re-
served meringue. Decorate
with small pieces Of mara
schino cherry. Bake In very
slow oven CTS degrees F. IS
minutes. Yield: Three and
one-half dozen cookies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-12
Apricot
Brandy Nog

Juice of u lemon
cup California brandy
2 tablespoon gelatin
"a cup apricot juice
cup crushed ice
2 cups ready-prepared
eggnog
u cup canned apricots.
peeled and chopped
Put lemon Juice, brandy
and gelatin in electric
blender. Add apricot juice.
Cover and blend for one
minute. Add eggnog, ice and
apricots and blend 80 sec
onds or more until thick
ened. Place an apricot in
each cup or glass and fill to
brim with Brandy Nog.
Sprinkle with a little CHINA
mon, if desired. Serves four.
Raisin Oatmeal Cookies
Y cup soft shortening
~ cups sugar
2 eggs
5 tablespoons molasses
Ia cups sifted flour
/ teaspoon soda
teaspoon salt
2 cups rolled oats
IL cups raisins.
Mix first four ingredients.
Stir in flour, soda and salt
that has been sifted together
first. Add oats and raisins,
blending well. Drop full tea
spoonsful about three inches
apart on lightly creased
baking sheet. Bake in 400
degree F oven about 10 min
utes or until brown. Yield:
Four dozen cookies.