davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-28
The College Challenge

At its annual meeting last week in
Atlantic City, the American Association
of Colleges heard speaker after speaker
set forth facts and figures leaving no
room for doubt that higher education in
our country faces future full of great
challenge and potential crisis
This prospect is compounded of the
following realities, among others: (D
In the 81 years remaining before the end
of the century, the Nations colleges will
have to raise hundreds of millions Of
dollars, carry out gigantic building
program, and make efar-reaching changes
in their methods of instruction and
study. (2) Surveys indicate that most
of these institutions are not making Suf-
ficient preparation for the demands they
will be called upon to meet in the period
Just ahead and that the facilities now
planned will accommodate l million
fewer students than the number expect
ed to seek admission by 1870. And (3)
between that year and now, college en-
rollment will almost double to a total
of around 7 million, and by 1885 1t will
be up to some 12,600, ,000-or roughly
three times the present figure.
The basic meaning of these and
similar facts has been well summed up
by DR.. Alvin E. Zurich, vice president
of the Ford Foundations Fund for the
Advancement of Education. AS he has
told the AAC, "Such explosive growth
plaques us with variety Of critical prob
lens. We obviously cannot accommo-
date such numbers within the conven-
tional framework of our educational
system. We are virtually forced to con-
slider how we can use available resources
more effectively and efficiently" AS to
that, by way of example, Dr. Zurich has
suggested that there will have to be
revolution of sorts in instructional tech
niques and the collegians way Of study
ing-a revolution involving things like
teaching machines" and taped lectures
on television that will require students
to devote much Of their time TO kind
Of do-it-yourself form Of learning.
DR.. Eurich's vision in that respect
may prove to be bit exaggerated, but
his general thesis is sound. Clearly, for
better or worse, life on the American
campus is changing In way that makes
1t seem vastly different from that expe-
rienced by those of us who went to col
lege in those dear dead days before the
storied crash OF 1929.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
By Small Steps

When the enormity of its metropoli-
tan problems dawned on the Washing
ton area several years ago, there was
considerable speculation about whether
some kind of super government might
lead the region out Of the wilderness.
Since then it has become increasingly
apparent that the most hopeful approach
lies not in such grandiose schemes, but
in more limited series of steps toward
cooperative action by local governments.
Another of these steps was taken at
a White House ceremony the other day,
when four planning agencies, a park
authority and the city OF Rockville
signed a compact pledging mutual CO.
operation in acquiring land to be pre-
served as open space in the National
Capital Area. Under this unified ap-
proach, the region will reap the benefits
not only of co-ordinated planning, but
of more liberal grants from the Federal
Government to assist in the land-buying.
In the customary language Of such
ceremonies, Federal officials hailed the
compact as an historic occasion" and
"a milestone" in the development OF the
region. Whether the new venture earns
the right to such extravagant descrip-
ton remains to be seen. But certainly
Il is a commendable endeavor, made all
the more so by the enthusiasm OF the
various local officials of the area who
worked for long time to bring 1t about.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Testing a Pact

A measure or the changing nature
of our world is the pact signed in Paris
by Chancellor Adenauer. of free Ger
many and President de Gaulle of free
France. Since 1870, their respective
countries - numbered among history's
most ancient and most bitter enemies
have fought each other in three terrible
wars. But now all that is behind them;
now, wholly apart from their association
within the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization, they are allied in bilateral
treaty under which they are pledged to
cooperate intimately with each other
in practically all fields of human en-
deavor, cultural, educational, diplomat
ic, political, economic and military.
What remains to be seen now, how
ever, is whether this accord-which has
yet to be ratified by the Parliament in
Bonn-will operate as effectively as its
words promise. AS to that, test is al
ready at hand DR.. Adenauer, under
pressure from members Of his cabinet,
has undertaken to try to persuade Cen
eral de Gaulle to moderate his opposi-
ton to the idea of letting Britain be-
come a full member of the European
Economic Community (the Common
Market). To that end, the Chancellor
is seeking a compromise that will be
acceptable to Paris and London alike
and so prevent complete breakdown
in the Brussels negotiations. Further,
he has prevailed upon the French Presi-
dent to assent to special study of the
issue by the EEC'S Executive Commits
sion, which in turn will submit its rec
concentrations to the foreign ministers
of the markets present Six-nation men,
berShip.
If all this turns out to be futile,
If General de Gaulle persists in barring
the British even though the EEC's five
other members want them in, then the
French leader will in effect be refusing
to cooperate with Germany. That is to
say, he will be going against what he
has pledged his country to do in the new
Franco German accord, and the accord
thus will seem to be quite empty thing
if the Germans are genuinely sincere
in pressing for Britain'S admission.
AS a matter of fact, If the Chancellor
fails to win the Generals collaboration
on this grave matter, Bonn'S Parliament
conceivably may refuse to vote for the
treaty's ratification.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Mohommed Ali

Pakistan has lost an able public Of
ficial and the United States has lost
good friend in the death OF Mohammed
Ali al the age OF So.
A man OF great energy and warm
personality, Mr.. Ali was his governments
Foreign Minister at the time Of his death.
During a busy and distinguished public
career, however, he had served In many
other posts--including that Of Prime
Minister at the time he chose TO lead
Pakistan into the prov Western SEATo
and CENTO alliances, and on two occa-
sions as Ambassador TO the United
States. He Travelled widely in this coun-
try and made 1t clear that he liked the
United States He was liked in turn, and
It is too bad that his life and hie, services
should end at such an early age.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Silly Bill

A silly bill introduced by Represent
ative Widnal Of New Jersey to provide
for three civilian District Commission
ers, thereby dispensing with the appoint
ment OF an Engineer Commissioner, died
in the last session Of Congress without
benefit Of hearings. Now Mr.. Widnall
has reintroduced similar measure, and
1t deserves the same fate.
The most active support for this
proposal has come from small group
(including a couple Of prominent local
politicians) within the Committee OF
100 on the Federal City, who decided,
after study" that such service by an
Army Officer is IAN anachronism" not
in keeping with "the basic principles
of representative government" When
their recommendation came before the
Committee of 100 for a vote the ether
day, 1t was defeated, 20 to II. D.
1t was a sound days work. over the
Evening star., 1963-01-28
SoIutes Armed Forces

It is not unusual for the
civil population to consign
the military to the rear
benches during a time of rel
ative peace, because 1t is part
of our mores to underplay
the military In our society.
However, in a world of
comparative disorder, 1t
should be a sense of extreme
pride to Americans that we
continue to enjoy a military
force with discipline intact
and honor and obedience still
its watchwordS. Nowhere else
in the world does a military
force behave so well within
its own professional ranks
and within the perimeters es-
tablished by the civil author
ity.
No segment of our society
is more often neglected. more
stingingly abused, yet so mi
nutely ready to meet any
challenge to our total securi-
ty, even at the risk of life
itself.
1t is because Of this devo-
ton to duty that I. for one,
will not begrudge one bit the
upcoming pay raise for the
military, which, in itself, will
not necessarily make the
military career the most prof
liable career available, save
for the privilege of serving
under the highest of ideals.
Jim Argodale.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Suspended. but

~ In ordering suspension of under
ground nuclear testing, President Ken
nedy has given an earnest of our
eountry's sincerity and good faith in
the new Anglo -American-Soviet nego-
stations for a trustworthy treaty ban
ming all such experimentation. At the
same time, as If in answer to MoScow's
current propaganda depicting us and
the British as responding negatively
20 sweetly reasonable Russian proposals,
ne has sought to make clear to the
world at large that If the talks again
oog down in futility-as they have done
SO often in the past-it will be primarily
the Kremlin'S fault, not ours.
Since their resumption here last
week, these talks apparently have failed
to promote any progress toward meet
ing of minds. But they will continue
now in New York, and there is some
cautious hope that they may take
turn for the better as a result of the
decision to stop American underground
tests during this new effort to reach
agreement. There is some speculation,
too, that the message United States
Ambassador Kohler has been given to
deliver to the President may be per-
sonal one from Premier Khrushchev and
that it may contain certain concessions
that might make the road to an effec-
tive treaty little less long and little
less rocky.
Mr.. Kennedy, in any event, has
served notice that while the United
States is ready to do everything within
reason to work out a pact that will
merit the confidence of the entire world,
it will return to its experimental deto-
nations if the talks simply drag on and
on and on and get nowhere. AS he has
put it, 1--WE are maintaining the capa-
bility and readiness to resume our test
program at any time. We have no in
cention of again accepting an indefinite
moratorium on testing, and if it is clear
We cannot achieve workable agree
.nent, we will act accordingly" These
are reassuring words They promise
that our country's security requirements
will not be overlooked or neglected If
the Russians resort to dilatory nego-
tiating tactics.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
-Four and -Four: Eiqht

There have been COM
plants Of the Winslow Homer
stamp being issued in the old
Accent denomination. II is
indeed deplorable that this
very attractive stamp was not
issued so that II could be used
on present first class mail. ]
should like 10 remind the
complainers, however, that
two such stamps will look
twice as good on the new air
mail, at 8 cents.
While speaking Of stamps,
think the Post office De-
partment should be COM
mended for the very inspiring
flag stamp. and for the Wig
orous and manly portrait OF
Washington. / wish they
would try a similar one OF
James Monroe. who showed
much more determination in
his day than our own lead
ers' are able 10 muster to-
day, in defending the hemi-
sphere against alien influ-
ences. Karl r. Allen.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Wet Nam 'Fiosco'

/ may be too grief-stricken
to be rational. but this is the
time to best express my
thoughts.
The Wet Nam fiasco has
taken a very dear friend from
us. He was among seven killed
in a recent helicopter crash.
Most Of these men were re-
turning home. after what is
amounting to a needless tour
of duty.
To compound the tragedy,
we received a letter from him
January Is. 1t was written
the day before he met his
death - cheerful and opti-
mistic. as usual, except for
the quote that follows:
Il doubt If any of us over
here feel as though we want
to be treated like heroes, but
we sure would like the people
we're supposed to be helping
to help themselves"
His passing will leave a
scar with all who knew him.
How many more like him will
be sacrificed for what2
Mrs. F. Dunkel.
Evening star., 1963-01-28

The Metropolitan Athletic
Association exists for the
purpose Of providing athletic
opportunities for children who
might not otherwise have
them. Our organization is in
favor of construction of pub
lie outdoor ice skating rinks
in Washington.
The fact that the Capital
does not have sufficient rec
reational facilities for its
children was stressed In city
wide hearings conducted by
the Commissioners Crime
Council and was underscored
recently by President Ken
nedy. This problem becomes
acute during the winter when
cold weather prevents many
outdoor activities and large
numbers of children are hard
put to find constructive ac-
tivity for their free hours.
This is particularly the case
with many children who live
in congested quarters.
The MAA favors construc-
ton of refrigerated facilities
for the outdoor skating. One
way would be to install pipes
under existing pools. For
about $250.000, or onesfor-
tieth the cost of the aquar-
ium to be built here, it
might be possible to refrig-
crate the entire Rejecting
Pool. For much less this
could be done with pools at
Meridian Hill Park and on
the Capitol grounds.
Another approach would be
for the Recreation Depart
meht or the National Park
Service to build Kinks on
existing sites. 1t is possible to
construct rinks Of l80 by 80
feet for under 100000. This
can be done by the use Of
polyethylene plastic pipes. If
necessary, such rinks can re-
turn the initial outlay Of
funds and be made self-sup-
porting by small admission
fees. Polyethylene rinks can
be installed on practically
any flat surface such as
hardtops and, at the termi-
nation of the season, can be
retracted so that the site can
revert to its former use.
When the Rejecting Pool
freezes sufficiently for skat-
ing, as many as 5000 peo-
pie, mostly children, go there
on a week end. But 1t freezes
for skating only a few days
Of the year about every other
winter, making the owning OF
skates of marginal value.
Commercial Kinks do not
fully fill the need because
admission costs are too high
for many children, they are
small and many Of them are
not open to colored children.
We welcome support from
any people and groups who
want TO aid us in this drive.
Eric Cox,
President,
Metropolitan Athletic
Association.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Civil Riohts

Better discipline in the
schools is, of course, neces-
sary and desirable. but to be-
heve that even the achieve
ment Of perfect discipline
would make a meaningful
contribution to the solution
Of the underlying causes of
the stadium riot is to believe
that the use of morphine can
cure cancer.
The naked fact, disputed
by no one, is that the Negro
is q second class citizen in
this country. disadvantaged
in every area of community
life. He is denied equality
Of opportunity to educate
himself. to provide himself
with decent housing. to get
a decent job and advance
according to merit. He is So
cially ostracized by his white
countrymen. 1t must seem to
every Negro child, when he
first reaches the age Of un-
derstanding, that the white
majority in this country is in
a conspiracy to deny him his
birthright as q citizen in a
democracy solely because his
skin is a different color.
Reactions to this realiza-
ton are predictable. Some re-
bel and become disciplinary
problems. Most accept their
roles and limit their ambi-
tions accordingly. Some sink
into apathy. But in all there
is an underlying bitterness
which occasionally boils to
the surface in a stadium riot.
This country is founded on
respect for the freedom and
dignity of the individual.
Americans instinctively rebel
against oppression. We have
fought all our wars in the
name of liberty, and bitterly
oppose communism today be-
cause it threatens our indi-
vidual liberties. Yet we prac-
tice open oppression against
the human dignity of millions
OF our fellow countrymen,
and are indignant when on
occasion they show resent
ment.
Their irrational race pref
udice aside, white Americans
are overwhelmingly decent
people. Those of us - and
there are millions-who place
a high value on honor, integ-
rity, pride and courage would,
If we were Negroes, be leaders
in the fight to obtain equality
of opportunity for ourselves
and our fellows. Once this
fact is realized, white support
for Negro efforts to obtain
first class citizenship will
grow by leaps and bounds.
And in such an atmosphere
stadium riots will not re-
occur. because the fundamen-
tai cause Of them will have
vanished.
Allen Taylor,
Chairman. Civil Rights
Committee, Washington
Chapter, Americans for
Democratic Action
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Treatment of Jimenez

ne american people KNOW
less about South America
than they do about Tibet but
they have been sold the idea
that we must pour money
into the Latin American
countries TO keep them out of
the Communist camp. This
myth is wearing a little thin
but will probably still serve
TO get President Kennedy the
5000 million for his Latin
American aid program.
No amount of money sent
south, however. will compen-
safe for our bad neighbor
policy In the case OF Perez
Jimenez. former President OF
Venezuela. a we'll known anti
Communist. and one OF the
best friends this country
ever had in the Western
Hemisphere. He now Ian
guishes in a Florida Jail await
ing deportation and possible
execution by the leftist gov
ernment OF Romulo Betan-
court. We have, In the past,
granted political asylum TO a
wide variety OF refugees so
one wonders why II is now
In the process Of being denied
10 Perez Jimenez. The most
reasonable assumption is that
he is being prosecuted for his
anti-cemmunism.
II is TO be hoped that the
people Of Latin America know
as little about us as we know
about them, otherwise they
may be shocked by our
strange custom of throwing
our friends In jail and en-
tertaining our enemies at the
White House.
- Ruby Upton Curd.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
By DONALD MINTZ

above all, what was the true
state of relations between
Italy and Germany during
the crucial period?
Mr.. Deakin shows that
was interested
above all in inducing Hitler
to make peace with the So
Wet Union so that he could
turn his attention to the
west and more particularly
the Mediterranean. He shows.
too, that Italy was forced by
events to come into the war
several years before she in
tended and that as result.
Italian troops were incredibly
badly equipped. Italy's great
est martial weakness was her
nearly total dependence on
Germany for materiel.
MOI only was Mussolini OPP
posed to the continuation of
the war on the eastern front,
he also opposed In principle
the German procedure for
handling occupied territory.
Mussolini was no humanitar-
ian. but he was well aware
that brutal repression could
not be the basis OF a lasting
social order.
TO THE END. Mussolini
hoped 10 negotiate-with the
allies despite the Casablanca
unconditional surrender for
mula, with the italian parti-
sans despite their intense
hatred Of his regime, a hatred
he never seemed fully 10
grasp.
This was not TO be. IAN
inner historic contradiction
was on the eve OF being re-
solved" writes Mr.. Deakin OF
the period just before Musso-
lini's final fall. THE liquida-
tion by force OF the conse-
quences OF the original
March on Rome: The return
TO legality after 20 years OF
Fascist rule. The retreat from
Rome could not end courte-
ously at a conference table.
Those elements, which had
been mauled and beaten and
bruised in the rise TO power
OF Mussolini and his Fascists,
and which had been driven
underground. or into exile.
we're now waiting at the
gates: the victors OF a civil
war initiated by the Fascists
themselves in the l92Os. -
Evening star., 1963-01-28
Emphasis on Crime

A host of serious crimes
are being perpetrated daily
in d. c. and its suburban
areas in Maryland and Vir-
ginia. The press carries
frightening stories Of mur-
ders. assaults. car stealing,
holdups. burglaries. purse
snatching. store robberies,
rapes, wild car-speeding epi-
sodes. etc. And these crimes
are not confined to after
dark but include daylight
hours as we'll. They take
place in hotels, apartments,
bank Hobbies. on the streets.
in stores and offices. and
even at sports arenas, as re-
Gently demonstrated.
All this despite the fact that
the d. c. area maintains
hordes OF police and other
law enforcement officers. in
cluding the Metropolitan Po-
lice force with its police dogs,
United States Park Police.
FBI operators. Maryland and
Virginia police, sheriffs and
highway patrols, Federal and
private building guards. con-
gressional police or guards in
the Capitol area.
Nevertheless, the current
horrible crime wave appears
10 worsen day by day and
much can be attributed TO
male and female adolescents
and teenagers. as we'll as
youngsters 20 or more years
Of age.
In view OF present condi-
tions, l suggest that the Met
ropolitan Area press, instead
OF scattering the crime re-
ports throughout the news
columns. present them In
space set aside for that pur-
pose and captioned in eye.
compelling type. reading for
example: Today's d. c. crime
report. II is my belief that
such a display Of the current
crime wave would be effec-
tive In arousing the public TO
greater awareness Of the dam
ger involved for all concerned.
II is the duty Of citizens 10
aid the police and otherJa
enforcement officers, wnen-
Evening star., 1963-01-28

years, the Nations Capital has benefited
tremendously from the talents of the
military officers who have served in this
post. Almost without exception, they
have proved to be competent, honest and
dedicated administrators. 1t would be
nice, but sadly untrue, to say that the
complete roster of civilian appointees
could claim record as good.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used mill be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1963-01-28
THE BRUTAL FRIENDSHIP,
MussOlini, Hitler and the
Fall of Italian Fascism. BY


FAN of Italian Fascism. BY
F. w. Deakin. 869 PIP. CHar-
per & Row; $l0.95O
Brutal Friendship" begins
in the autumn of 1912. 1t
ends on April 90. 1945, when
"Mussolini, Clara Petacci
(his mistress). and others.
we're hung head downwards
from the roof Of a petrol sta
ton with rough placards Of
Identification"
1t is by no means a COM
plete history of Italy during
that brief period. Mr.. Deakin
is not concerned with the
peninsula nor with the Ba-
doglio government nor even
with the details OF internal
Fascist administration ex-
cept where these are essen
tial to his main story. That
main story is the relations
between Germany and Italy
and at the center stands the
friendship-if that is the
word-of II Duce and Der
Fuehrer. THE Brutal Friend
ship" is in shois a diplomatic
history Of a time and place
when a good deal OF the
diplomacy was personal.
THE BRUTAL FRIEND
SHIP" is as well organized
a book as one can imagine.
The sources. printed and un-
printed. are widely scattered
and not always coherently
arranged. They have been
pieced together so as TO make
a story that moves so we'll
that the only hint OF the
difficulties Mr.. Deakin must
have encountered is 10 be
found In the photography.
For all the vast detail, the
book is intensely interesting.
far more so than the SEEM
ingly endless explanations OF
this or that military cam
paign OF World War II. Partly
II is because II throws so much
light on a series OF episodes
in the war that made little
sense at the time.
What was all this about
peace feelers, Badoglio and
the role OF the King. Musso-
lini arrested, liberated" by
the Germans and so on2 And