davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
JOSEPH KRAFT

Today is D-Day for the
first important American
move in Europe since Gen.
de Gaulle cast his famous
veto last month. A mission
headed by Ambassador Liv-
ingston Merchant is leaving
for the Continent to discuss
proposals for a multi
national, nuclear deterrent
force. Allied receptivity to the
proposals probably will ele-
vate the project to the status
OF a major diplomatic OBJ.
jective.
But you would never know
1t from the mood in the
White House, the State De-
partment or the Pentagon.
1t is a mood of sobriety,
caution. discretion and tact.
The multi-national force
project is being played in the
lowest key. The administra-
ton is moving on tip-toe -
and In sneakers.
One reason for the re-
straint is consideration for
the allies. The main lines Of
the new proposal are known.
1t provides for a ship-based
deterrent force. armed with
Polaris missiles, manned by
crews Of mixed nationality,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Cuban MICS fire on American shrimp boat Castro
better watch out It's thing for him to fish in troubled
waters, but quite another to trouble fishing waters
Wide-travelng Adam Clayton Powell says he only does
what the other Congressman do Thing he be able
to keep doing it after the others have fallen asleep
White House Social Secretary fish Baldrdge quits She
didn't mind the class of guests but she little tired
hopping up all the snow they tracked in their skis
Labor Secretary Writ okays the 35-hour week It's the
New Frontier system: Work IS hours walk so mes-and
think is minutes
Things bad in the York strike the recuses
who used to die with 100000 wrapped newspapers
under the bed putting off because they've
newspapers
New Republican line Cuba: The Castro menace is
only 80 miles from Florida instead Of where it be
during the Eisenhower admnistraton-l,SOO miles from
Nebraska.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
u. S. Begins q Restrained Move
For q MuIti-NutionoI Force

under orders from an inter-
national command structure,
and financed on a pro rata
basis by all participants But
pending an expression of AL
lied views. a wide range Of
options on important ques-
tons has been left open.
There are administrative
questions relating to the re-
cruitment, training, pay, and
promotion OF the mixed
crews. There are technical
questions, for example
whether the ships should be
surface vessels or sub
marines. There are military
questions involving the line
Of command, and political
questions regarding the deci-
sion to fire. While this coun-
try has leanings on all these
matters - and, In some
cases. strong leanings - the
issues are being left open for
negotiation. Whether they
like 1t or not, and some may
not, the Allies are going to be
treated as equals.
A far more important
reason for the administration
restraint is that there is not
much to cheer about. The
multi-national force is ac-
ceptable to this country, not
on It's own merits, but as a
lesser among evils. Whatever
the multi national safe
guards. creation of the new
force would represent further
diffusion of nuclear weapons.
But non-diffusion has been
a centerpiece Of American
policy since the war. 1t was
written into statute by the
Mcmahon Act Of 1916. 1t
spurred the patient search
for a test-ban agreement
with the Russians. With only
the rarest exceptions, 1t has
been a rule of thumb for the
administrations OF Presidents
Truman. Eisenhower and
Kennedy alike.
What justifies the breach
In the old policy is a pros
pect Of great danger. 1t is
the prospect Of a prolifera-
ton Of small, national nu-
clear forces. The British al
ready have such a force in
being. The French have one
on the way. In time. the
West Germans will be bound
to follow suit, and perhaps
the Italians, and some others
as well.
Such a development would
open a Pandora's Box of
troubles. 1t might either
brighten or tempt the Soviet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
Federal Hand in Medical Care

tors are vehemently opposed
to the new plan. They feel
it Will demoralize the whole
system of medical care in
America. and they ought to
know. They constitute q died.
icated profession. They are
on call in serious cases at the
hospitals or at private homes
day and night. They must be
precise in their findings, be-
cause errors can be fatal.
The members Of the pro-
fession are men and women
who know medical condi-
tons in this country and are
familiar also with what $50
cialized medicine" has meant
in various other countries.
They fear that the new plan
some day will result in so
cialized incidence scheme
in which the Government
runs the medical-care pro-
gram. pays the fees Of doc
tors and standardizes their
incomes. The administration
denies that its plan will ever
bring "socialiZed medicine"
but the doctors know that,
If the medical profession is
overwhelmed with cases due
to the free service programs
provided by the Government,
the demand on the time Of
all doctors will be so great
that the Government will
have to step In to try to
bring order out Of the chaos
that will ensue.
Nobody objects to better
medical care for the aged, as
well as for everybody else,
but there are serious differ
ences of opinion as to wheth-
er those who seek to make
political capital Of the issue
will produce Illustration in
the medical profession and a
lowering Of the high stand
ards Of medical care which
have long prevailed in Amer
lea.
(copyright, 1859
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22

fare benefits the biggest sin
gle expense imposed on all
the people.
Taxes are to be raised to
finance the medical plan
proposed by the President.
Not only will everybody's So
cial security rates go up. but
the tax will be imposed on
the first $500 Of salary in
stead of the current figure
Of $4,000 a year. The pur-
pose, Of course. is to collect
about $40 billion more over
the next five years. Just what
this does to the administra-
ton program for a tax cut"
is not readily calculated, but
1t is another example Of how
the much-talked-about tax
cut" is rapidly turning into
a tax rise.
With the objective Of the
Presidents plan - to provide
medical care for the aged
there will be little dissent.
But the question really is
whether those families which
can afford to take care of
their own aged members shall
be required to pay taxes to
support a plan in which
their own relatives-though
able to afford the medical
care-would get 1t at Gov
eminent expense.
The medical care" agita-
ton will, moreover, raise
false hopes. The proposed
plan doesn't cover medical
treatment but mostly the
charges for disqualification
and related services. The po-
litical value, however, Of pro-
claiming medical care for
the aged" will continue to be
there. and it's politics that's
really back Of the whole cru
SADIE.
The vast majority Of doc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
Job Glasses
To Include
Three RS

The District has received APP
proval from the Federal Gov
eminent for a pioneer program
that would teach the 3 RS as
well as Job skills to the I'M
employed.
Victor r. DAILY. director Of
the Districts program under
The Manpower Development and
Training Act. said the program
would combine a years basic
education with training for
service industry Jobs.
Glasses would begin March
8 for Is men and IS women
who are illiterate heads Of
households.
They will get three hours
Of classwork in the three RS
daily. as well as three hours Of
vocational training for jobs in
apartment hours, hotels, res
taurants and other service in
dustries.
The program is designed to
reach the hard-core unemployed
who have too little schooling
to qualify for jobs.
Mr.. DAILY points out that the
growth of tourism as the second
largest industry in the District
and the continued expansion of
hotels and motels has made
trained people in the service
field in demand.
However. many of the un-
employed can't read directions
on equipment, cleaners and
other material used in the Jobs
The new program will be
tailored to individuals, because
while some participants won't
be able to read or write at all,
others will have the rudiments
of the three RS, Mr.. DAILY said
vocational counseling will be an
important part Of the project.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22

This is probably a fairly
representative week end in
the unquiet spring toward
which Washington is headed.
The news at breakfast is that
an accommodating spirit
seems to be developing and
that Mr.. KhruShchev shows
no taste for another Cuban
: crisis just now. At lunch the
MICS make a pass at an
American target and retreat
toward Cuba when Marine
interceptors arise protectively
on their flank. Fortunately,
the President had a press
conference scheduled at
which to assert his COM
manding presence. But the
harm is done and fresh emo
ton, its least needed ingredi-
ent, has been stirred into the
boiling Cuban plot.
The edge is also taken off
the Khrushchev promise to
pull out his troops. 1t is said
that the promise was secured
in person-to-person contacts,
by telephone or letter. and
such so-called quiet di-
plomacy Of this nature gets
at least a minor abrasion.
The administration has
been nurturing hopes that
time is on its side in the
matter Of support from other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
FRONTIERS OF FREEDOM
U. S. Combines Military,
Politics in Southeast Asia

show. American propaganda
specialists feed simple pro-
Western themes to the moh-
lam troupes, at the same time
keeping the spirit Of the earthly
folk art form.
A recent problem faced by
these psychological warfare spe-
cialists was how to persuade
the singers to drop a line that
ridiculed the Red Prince"
Souphanouvong questioning his
virility In very specific terms.
Now that he is a member of
the neutralist coalition sup
ported by the United States, the
line is considered Objectionable
One advantage OF thse tech
niques is economy. Conventional
warfare, even II 1t could be eff
fective against an elusive en-
envy who fights a war that is
more political than military,
would cost far more.
Harriman's View
w. Averell Harriman,' Assis-
tant Secretary OF State for Far
Eastern Affairs, wrote recently
that the decision TO aid South
Wet Nam had the merits OF not
involving the deployment OF
American combat forces and not
requiring the occupation OF for
eign territory by United States
or other Western forces.
Instead. the North Wet Nam
csc could be engaged by the
people OF the Republic OF Wet
Nam. provided they we're given
technical assistance, training
for the defense OF their village
areas, and increased mobility
for their fighting forces" he
wrote.
American military action In
Laos, on the other hand. Mr..
Hartman said, would have
meant putting large United
States and SEATo forces into
that country. on the border OF
Communist China. with I'M
foreseeable consequences In the
direction Of a major world con-
flict."
He commended that II would
have solved nothing TO occupy
merely that part Of Laos that
was in friendly hands.
Some other officials dis
agreed. believing a moderate
sized American force could
have occupied the Laotian
plains and bottled UP the
Pathet Lao In the mountains
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
DORIS FLEESON
Cuban MICS Hit a Crisis Torqet'

American states. A special
security report is due from
the Organization Of American
States which suggests
stronger measures against
Cuba biased communism. 1t
deals, too. with the problem
Of controlling subversive ac-
ton against the Americas
when it is directed from
Havana.
Venezuelan President Be-
tancourt contributed his
moral suasion in a speech
here proposing complete eco
nomic isolation of the Cas-
tro regime. Mr.. Betancourt is
a living symbol of the prob
lem. Communists have spread
terror in his country in an
effort to halt his present
visit.
Such facets Of the Cuban
dialogue are public. In pri-
vate, much discussion CEN
tiers around the President per-
sonally and the heavy pres
sures on him built up by
negotiation. criticism and
such emotional incidents as
the present one. His COL
leagues ask themselves how
much pressure he can stand
before he feels compelled to
take military action to
resolve the questions he tries
so hard to handle by the
rule of reason.
(Copyright, 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
Administration Plan Criticized as Likely
To Intensity Shortage of Doctors
DAVID LAWRENCE

It's going to be harder to
get a doctor when you are
sick. harder to get into a
hospital, and harder to take
care of the young as we'll
as the old who become Ill in
the future - If the Federal
Government intervenes in
the field of medical care as
just recommended to Con-
gress by President Kennedy.
Time was when, II you
were sick. you could get a
doctor to come to your home.
Today most patients have to
go to the doctors office ex-
cept when gravely Ill.
There simply aren't enough
doctors now. This is primar-
lily because medical aid is
covered in part by private
insurance plans that make 1t
less costly. Persons who used
to take care of minor all
ments themselves often seek
medical aid nowadays. The
insurance idea, itself, Is a
good one. But until the shor-
tage of doctors produced by
the existing plans is over
come, the proposed interven-
ton by the Federal Govern
ment with free medical care
Tor certain age groups will
only intensity the problem
for almost everybody. Elderly
persons require individual
care and continuous observa-
ton, but if there is a short
age Of physicians, these pa
tientS will be neglected, no
matter how much Of the bill
the Government is willing to
pay.
It's good politics, Of course
for any President to champi-
on Social-welfare legislation,
but free medical attention
for millions Of citizens will
constitute in the field Of well
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
JOSEPH KRAFT
NucIeur Defense Plan for Europe

Union into pre-emptive ac-
ton. 1t would promote rivalry
rather than cohesion among
the West Europeans. 1t would
complicate. beyond calcula-
ton, the task OF negotiating
and arranging disarmament.
And 1t would. in ways not
easy to define but not diff
cult to sense, fragment the
diplomatic field beyond re-
pair or control.
II is primarily to head off
these dangers that the ad-
ministration has now given
priority to the multi-national
force proposal. The theory Is
that the opportunity for par
ticipation In a force OF I'M
doubted potential will dull
the appetite for national nu-
clear forces for the time be-
ing AS to the future. trust
is repoSed In time and expe-
rience. 1t will be four years
or more before the multi
lateral force can begin TO
become a reality. During that
period the European defense
ministries and stats will be
sleeping themselves in the
lore OF nuclear strategy
choosing weapons and deliv-
cry systems: plotting targets;
comparing costs; figuring vll-
nerability The feeling Is that
contact with those realities
will teach them far more
about the limitations Of nu-
clear weapons than even the
compelling logic Of Defense
Secretary Mcnamara.
Lastly, there is a dim I'M
avowed hope. It is that in
time. the new force may prove
strong enough to attract the
French away from the pur-
suit Of that fleeing mirage
which is national nuclear
strength. II so. defense policy
might take some Of the role
that was once exclusively as
signed to economic policy. It
might become a functional
basis for the slow building UP
Of Atlantic Partnership.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22

ing a treaty with Communist
China.
A fundamental difficulty with
the new techniques of political
warfare is simply that they are
no more than techniques.
Used pragmatically, to COM
bat a particular enemy that
has ties with the Communists
or to bolster a regime that pro-
fesses friendship with the West
and enmity toward commu-
nism, they may have satisfac-
tory short-te effect.
Long Term Goals
But the future Of the long
term struggle in Southeast Asia
involves historical trends and
political forces that have little
to do with day-to-day victories
and defeats.
Self determination is a majo
goal among Southeast Asians
In seeking it, they can find
much to oppose in both of the
worlds major power blocs
Communist promises sometimes
blind them to communism's ac-
tual behavior as a new coloni-
alism. When the West back S
unpopular regimes, 1t recalls
Western colonialism and dims
current Western professions OF
freedom.
In South Wet Nam, the
United States is transplanting
the techniques of population
movement control that worked
for the British, with much eff
fort and a l2-year campaign,
in suppressing Communist in
surgency in Malaga. What Is
being overlooked is that VIC
tory was assured only when
the British granted independ-
ence TO the federation, thus
robbing the Communists OF
their role as liberators.
Economic progress with an
increased standard Of living is
another important goal among
Southeast Asians. Here again,
Communist theory and Com
munist leaders promise much
Wherever American aid makes
the rich richer. as 1t often has
done In Laos and Wet Nam,
for example, 1t supports the
+ Communists case.
An Imminent Danger
/ In Latin America, where peo-
pie have similar overriding
hopes, the Kennedy administra-
| ton has come forth with the
Alliance for Progress. which
promises generous American
help in a cooperative plan for
social, political and economic
progress and reform.
In Southeast Asia. American
officials sometimes argue that
the threat OF communism is
too imminent TO allow any 10
year plan like the Alliance.
But unless they hold out a
positive program that offers
hope and self-respect, the best
OF anti Communist techniques
can fail.
. SUNDAY: The Chinese Com
muniSt attack on India.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
Luncheon Meeting

A luncheon meeting Of the
Southern Maryland Group Of
United Democratic WomenS
Clubs OF Maryland will be held
1890 pm. March 9 at the Sea
Breeze Restaurant, Chesapeake
Beach, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
BY Richard DUDMAN
Contributing Writer

A field full OF "mothballed"
American military equipment
In northern Thailand is a re-
minder that the 1000 combat
troops stationed there for six
months last year could return
on is hours notice.
The field. outside the city Of
Korat, contains tanks howitz-
ers, armored cars heavy trucks
and stacks Of structural steel
that can be assembled into
military bridges.
Nearby are rows Of simple
but comfortable barracks,
wooden floors and frames with
screened sides and matched
awnings that can be let down
for protection against the driv-
ing monsoon rains. The wood
is teak, which lasts a lifetime.
These items are part OF the
hardware for a new style Of
warfare being developed by the
United States, a style that
often involves no fighting. so
1t is hoped.
Southeast Asia is its chief
laboratory. the testing ground
for new techniques being de-
vised TO deal with the threats
and Establishments. the politi-
cal agitation, the subversion
and the guerrilla fighting that
characterize the struggle be-
tween the Communist bloc and
the American-led Western bloc.
For want OF a better phrase,
the new American techniques
are sometimes Jumped together
by Washington policy makers
as the political use OF military
power.
Some Are Well Known
Some OF the techniques are
well known. The troop airlift
from Hawaii TO Thailand. IN
fact was important mainly for
It's public aspect. II was intend
ed TO discourage the Commu-
nist-led Pathet Lao from taking
over the rest OF Laos, TO reas-
sure Thailand that the United
States stood ready 10 protect
II. and 10 show the world that
the United States was deter
mined that the Laos compro-
mise OF 1861 would stick and
that the country would In fact
become q neutralist buffer
state.
The strategy seemed TO work.
The Pathet Lao advance
stopped. The three La otian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22

This is the sixth in o series Of II
articles by Richard Dudmon, Wosh.
hston correspondent Of the St
Louis Post Dispoteh. onolyTins thu
situotiOn in the countries along ths
rim Of Communist Chine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22
Some ExaggeratiOns

Sometimes the claims Of
strategic success Of such opera
tons turn out to have been ex-
aggerations.
A neutralist source in Laos
told the Post-Dispatch the Pa
tibet Lao forces stopped Of their
own accord last summer, rather
than occupy the rest Of the
country including Vientiane. He
said the leftist group did not
want the responsibility of feed
ing the $4,000 inhabitants of
the capital.
II that sounds disingenuous,
there is more to the story. What
the rightists had called a ma
jor advance led by 10 Chinese
Communist and North Vie I
Namese battalions turned out
to have been only q limited at
tack. When more facts became
known, 1t appeared that the
rightist army had run away
and crossed into Thailand with
out a sign Of pursuit.
Moreover. 1t was in the inter-
eSts OF the Soviet Union in both
1861 and 1862 TO halt the fight
ing In Laos and rely instead on
the possibility Of an eventual
political take-over. Increased
fighting could have led 10 an
other Korean War. A Commu-
mist military victory would have
increased Chinese influence in
the area at the expense OF So
Wet influence.
Obstacles Arise
Relations are not always easy
with the countries where I h e
United States must carry on
this new political warfare, Thai
land, for example. was anxious
TO have the American troops
arrive when danger seemed i'm
minent, but 1t began pressing
for their withdrawal when the
danger was past.
Thailand, furthermore, be-
came so upset over some in
creases In military aid TO Cam
bodia last fall that Thai Of
ficials began advocating what
they called a "Thai-ist" policy
that was never fully explained
but seemed 10 hint at a swing
toward neutralism.
Reliance on supposedly
strongly anti-Communist re-
gimes has had It's hazards. In
Iraq, a revolution overthrow the
government Of Nuri Said, and
guns that had been supplied by
American military aid were used
TO lombard his residence.
More recently, Pakistan
showed It's anger over American
military aid TO India by firing
a propaganda barrage and sign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-22

princes resumed their stalled
negotiations and reached an
agreement on a coalition gov
eminent.
Administration officials
claim similar success for an
earlier show of force in the
same area. They say the Rus
slams and the Chinese were
willing to meet at Geneva in
1861 and negotiate for a neu-
tralist coalition in Laos because
United States Navy units had
steam up in full preparation
for military Intervention.
Some Moves Unpublished
Other politico-military tech
niques are less publicized.
Nothing is said publicly
about the white Star" teams
said 10 have trained tribesmen
in the mountains OF Laos TO
fight the Pathet Lao. and TO
have undertaken other covert
missions In other countries.
Their existence Is well known
in parts OF Southeast Asia
there was q brothel in Vienti-
ane for a time called the "Eto-
lie Blanche" - but their Or
ganization and functions are
secret. II is not clear whether
they work for the Defense De-
partment. the Central Intelli-
gence Agency or some other
agency.
Army Special Forces units
operate In the back country Of
South Wet Nam. organizing
mountain tribesmen into coun-
ter-guerrilla units and working
10 win the sympathy OF the
civilian population by provid-
ing food. shelter and medical
treatment.
Propaganda Shows
Other specialists work at de-
veloping poisonous plants with
which 10 surround strategic
hamlets and poisonous sprays
10 kill underbrush and food
crops and deprive enemy guer-
rillas OF hiding places and food
supplies.
Still another special tech
nique makes use Of the mohlam.
Laotian improyised musical