davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-22
U. S. Men on Mars by 1899
Seen at Cost of $100 Billion

and how long it would take
depends on whether you would
want to 60 first class or econ
omy class a well-qualified eX-
pert explained.
ITO go first class would take
space ships and launching ve-
hicles not even on the drawing
board today. This would take
a long time and a very great
deal Of money. But if we i'm
provise, like the Russians, if we
adapt the Appollo moon space
craft and make-do in other
ways, we could land men on
Mars in IL to is years"
Although the Mars plans ap-
pear rather long range, some
NASA scientists point out that
the Nation will have to make
up its mind fairly soon about
whether or not to go. I'VE
would have to have a decision
in the next year or two to get
there by the late TO-" one ex-
pert said.
Some space experts believe
"a Mars mission may turn out
to be the national goal for the
'70s, whether the country like
it or not. There is a strong pos
sibility that the Russians may
reach the moon first, a devel-
opment which might impel
the United States to double up
and catch up" with a Mars
mission.
A Mars flight cannot be
undertaken at just any time. 1t
must be scheduled when Mars
and Earth are nearing "con-
junction" or closest approach.
This happens about once each
26 months.
Due to the fact that Mars
orbit is oval in shape rather
than circular, the distance be-
tween the planets at conjunc-
ton is not always the same. 1t
varies between about 35 mil
lion and 81 million miles.
The period 1888 will be
one in which Mars-earth con-
functions are unfavorable-the
planets being far apart. The
Evening star., 1963-01-22

craft. 1t might be no more
than an improved version of
the three-man Apollo moonship
with a special compartment to
carry additional men.
Six is regarded as the min
imum crew for a Mars journey,
compared with three for the
moon.
Mars planning currently en-
visions using the Apollo tech
nique Of dropping a bug" from
the mother ship to the plane
tary surface with an explora-
tory crew of two or three
while the larger craft and other
crewmen remain in orbit. Be-
cause Mars has an atmosphere
and a somewhat greater grav-
itational field than the moon,
the "moonbug" design probably
would not be suitable.
Big Problems UnSOIved
A major problem yet to be
solved is the storage in the
Mars ship Of large quantities
Of refrigerated propellants for
long periods Of time. The craft
will have to have enough fuel
aboard to kick (it out Of Mars
orbit and send 1t heading back
toward earth. This will require
about half the impetus needed
to get from earth to Mars in
the first place.
The first Mars journey would
last from IL to 10 months.
Evening star., 1963-01-22
Tux Rise Opposed

The Lincoln Park Citizens
Association unanimously went
on record last night as oppos-
ing any increase in District
real estate and income taxes.
Evening star., 1963-01-22
Assembled in Orbit

The spaceship thus to be
built in orbit was characterized
by one scientist as IAN abso-
lutely minimal, stripped-down"
Evening star., 1963-01-22

Published Daily and sunday
at washington D @.
Second Class Postags Paid
Evening star., 1963-01-29
ADVERTISEMENT
p M ALI
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20 funetional disorders By taking
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monai, homeopathic remedy. ~ all
drug stores. No pEeacEiption needed.
Evening star., 1963-01-29
WORDS, WIT
AND WISDOM
BY WILLIAM MORRIS

Question: Are you familiar
with the expression, 81 know
the difference between a hawk
and a handsaw"2 / believe 1t
comes from Shakespeare's Mid
summer Nights Dream. 1t has
always seemed a trifle silly to
me because I can't imagine
anyone who has ever seen a
hawk and a handsaw confusing
the two. Yet the implication Of
the phrase is that he who
knows the difference is a pretty
bright fellow indeed. - w.
Bradbury. Riverside, Conn.
Answer: Maybe Shakespeare
did use this expression in Mid
summer Nights Dream but /
don't find 1t there. However, 1
do note 1t in Hamlet, Act 2,
Scene 2, when Hamlet says II
am but mad nerth-north-west; T;
when the wind is southerly I
know a hawk from a handsaw. ."
It's a perplexing expression
for the reasons you give. In all
probability, though. "handsaw"
was simply a common Eliza
bethan corruption Of "heron-
shaw" meaning a young or lit
tie heron.
Evening star., 1963-01-29

Now the meaning is quite
clear. A person who knows q
hawk from a heronshaw is one
who knows the difference be-
tween a bird Of prey and the
game preyed upon.
Question: In one of Thomas
Costain's novels he devotes
quite a bit of space to an ac-
count of how the word "blan-
ket" for the ordinary bed
covering was originated. 1t
seems that among the weavers
in Britain during the Middle
Ages there was one who wove
coverlets of surprising tine-
ness. His name was Blanket, :"
an Anglicized version of the
Flemish "Blanquette." So splen-
did were his bedcoverings that
in time his name became the
generic term applied to all. Is
this something you could add
to your list of words from
proper names, like pasteuriza-
ton from Pasteur and mac
adam roads from MacAdam2
-W.B.
Answer: With all due respect
to Mr.. Costain, whose historical
novels I admire, I suspect l.,
was indulging a bit of whimsy
on this occasion. According to
all authorities blanket" is
simply derived from the French
blanc" meaning white and its
first meaning (back before
l400) was simply "undyed or
white cloth"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22
Continued

NOIStGtWCU
classes is charged with opinions and
the spark generated by competition Of
bright boys jockeying for position. Con-
troversy and lively exchanges are en-
cOuraged at the same time that stable
foundation of basic knowledge is being
built and a relentless emphasis on
fundamentals is kept from turning into
a formula.
"Why are MormonS pOlygamiSts?"
The question is directed at tenth
grade Mormon who has just lectured
to class in religious studies. Hands in
pockets, Henry IngersOll answers, then
fields another question, this one from
a Jew, and explains more about his
religious beliefs. AS Henry speaks, the
boys take notes. They will be examined
on what they learn. Every boy is wear
ing a coat, with the exception of one
whose STA letter sweater prOclaims
him not only an athlete but out of
uniform.
Religious studies form an impOr-
tant part of the st. Adams curriculum.
Upper school boys devote three years
to studying the Old Testament, the New
Testament and religious history. AS
seniors they spend an hour week talk
ing ethics with Canon Charles Martin,
headmaster of the school.
Though Episcopalians are FREEDOM
inant at the school, boys of all religions
attend. Muwafsaq Fattah, of Iran, who
was a student there several years ago,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-22


MuwafSaq prayed to Allah.
The faculty (all male) which keeps
the balance between emphasis on
fundamentals and freedom of ideas
ranges from young Charles Saltzman,
who began teaching English at the
school last year, to Alfred True, who
has been at st. Adams for Al years.
Even the greeneSt teacher is given lot
of leeway. Faculty conferences and
policy rulings are kept to a minimum.
It is assumed that masters don't need
to be given strict policy lines; they
know what is expected.
These expectations spring from
the very foundations of the school. st.
Adams, founded as a school for choir
boys, was opened in 1909 with hand
full of teachers and small sum of
money bequeathed by Mrs. Harriet
LaneJohnson for the purpose. From
these beginnings it has grown steadily,
but there are still 80 Cathedral choir
boys at the school, all on scholarship.
Approximately Is per cent of the stu
dents receive some sort of financial
aid. For the rest, the annual tuition
ranges from $1,000 for boarderS down
to 81, 40 for lower-form day students.
Vow rated by college deans as one
Of the best boys preparatory schools
in the country, st. Adams is one of five
schools operated by the Protestant
Episcopal Cathedral Foundation; the
others are the National Cathedral
School for Girls, Beauvoir National
Cathedral Elementary School, The Col
lege of Preachers and the College of
Church Musicians, all of them at the
Cathedral.
In half century, the school has
expanded from a semi-rural training
center for young singers to nationally
respected preparatory school which
reflects the urban sophistication ofthe
Nations Capital. Despite the changes,
however, the hope expressed in an old
lady'S will, the clear innocence of a
choir boys voice, and the cool Splen-
dor that seems to drift from the Cathe-
dral nave still dominate the atmos-
phere of the school.
The boys live by an honor system
with themselves as judges. Teachers
need not be present at examinations.
ViOlatorS of the code are expected to
turn themselves in; or, if another boy
sees an infractiOn, he is bound to re-
port it. Only two incidents of honor
code violations we're reported last
year.
This attitude extends to all phases
of school activity. A seven-member stu
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10

ence in this oVer-crowded metro
polls which is bursting at its seq
regated seams.
Lawrence Landry, co-chairman,
Chicago Area Friends of the Stu
dent NonViolent Coordinating Com
mittee said:
"The statement by Mr.. Lowell
Fisher of the North Central AS
sociation regarding a possible in
vestigation of the Chicago school
system is a welcomed, but long
overdue development.
THE proposal to withdraw ac-
creditation, however, is badly mis-
directed. An investigation of the
quality of education should be
based on DR.. Willis failures rather
than on any conflict between the
policy-maldng body and the school
administration.
'"The North Central Association
should have began an investigation
long ago Of the low educational
standards in Negro schools in this
city"
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
He Was Waiting
For The Red
Light To Change

Boston (ANP) - Massachusetts
State Police generally hear excuses
after the accusations are made,
but they reported a switch in the
routine last week.
A mobor1St pulled off the south
bound lane Of Route in Plain
Vile behind a State Police car
parked with its red dome light
flashing. Troopers Robert Cahoor
and George Kane became curious
when the man remained parked
there and stayed in his car.
Finally, they asked him why.
I'm waiting for the red Light
to change" he explained.
Then came the charges drunke-
ness and operating under the in
fluence Of alcohol. They said the
driver admitted having three
doubles" They said also that he
told them he lived in FoHboro and
that he had thought he was headed
north on Route l toward home.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Mrs. Joseph Harris
Is Named NAACP
Bonouef ChoirmoI

Mrs. Joseph G. Harris, 1921 Sum-
NIT Av., will serve as Chairman
for the NAACP State Conference
Banquet, to be held on Saturday,
Nov. 2nd at the Hotel St. Paul,
it was announced today by Mrs.
Charlotte Thorpe, NAACP State
Secretary.
Other members serving with
Mrs. Harris on the committee are;
Mrs. Lester I. Strouse, Jr. Mr.. A.
B. Cassius, Mrs. Robert w. Green
man, Mrs. Anthony v. Mazingo
Mrs. Freddie L. Estes, and Mrs
Godfrey Rawlings, NAACP State
Treasurer. Additional members
will be added to the committee tc
help make final preparations fol
the affair.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Glenn PuIIens Says
Somebody Will Win
Aufo FridoV

Glenn Pullens, 4512 Third Av,
s., has announced the opening of
Glenn Auto Sales, Dupont at Lake
ST., Minneapolis.
Pullens was automobile sales
man at Grossman Chevrolet for
more than eight years where he
was promoted to assistant sales
manager. Recently he was, for two
and one-half years in partnership
with another auto dealer.
Mr.. Pullens said that he will con-
duct a drawing on Oct. II, at 8
pm. when someone will win a car
at Glenn Auto Sales.
He says bank financing for those
purchasing cars from him, will be
handled through the Lake Street
NV. National Bank.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Indiana Pastor To
Speak Sunday At
PILGRIM BopfiSH

A we'll known Indianapolis min
lister will be next Sundays Gen.
tennial Year speaker at Pilgrim
Baptist church, 1872 West Central,
st. Paul.
He is the Rev. FIR. r. T. An
drews, pastor of Mount Zion Bap-
tist church in Indianapolis, Ind.
DR.. Andrews topic at the IL
am. service will be Look at the
Galleries.
Music at the service will be rem
dered by the Senior, Gospel, Choral
and Teen Choirs. 4
The Rev DR.. Floyd Massey, Jr.,
Pilgrims pastor extends a hearty
welcome for the people of the COM
munity to come and hear the noted
Indiana preacher.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Churches Of God
In Christ Sponsor
Mission Rally

International mission official,
Bishop Richard L. Fidler, Los An
geles, Calf, will be in the Twin
Cities, October IL, 1868 at 7:3O
pm.
He will interest you with talks,
slides and messages, The Mission
Rally will be held in st. Paul, at
st. Johns Church of God In Christ,
5O7 North Dale St., Rev. John La
Grone, pastor. Hosts pastors in
charge are Rev. Walter Smith,
Rev. William B. Williams and Rev.
John LaGrone.
The general public is invited to
hear this foreign mission worker
of the Churches of God In Christ.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Delinquency & School
DroPoufs Subject Of
Sunday Meeting

A st. Paul public meeting, Sun
day, Oct. 13, at 4:3O pm. at Hal
lie Q. Brown Will hear a discus
sion on Juvenile Delinquency and
School Dropouts."
Judge Archie Gingold, Of the
Ramsey Juvenile Court will speak
on the subject. Consultants will be
former st. Paul Urban League
president Walter Rock, director OF
Counselling and Sam Jones, execu-
tive director of the st. Paul Urban
League. They will serve as consul
tants during the question and an
swer period.
The meeting is sponsored by the
Sterling Club.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
MRS. ELLA SHELTON
FILES FOR DIVORCE
CHARGES MENTAL CRUELTY

Mrs. Ella Mae Shelton, 412 Lyle
hart Av., filed for divorce from
Orton Shelton, August 10, charg,
ing mental cruelty. Mrs. Shelton
and her two youngest children
left this week for Cincinnati, Ohio
to visit her aunt and uncle, Mr.
and Mrs. Arthur Jordan.
Mr.. Noah c. Jordan, 286 N. Ok
ford, father of Mrs. Shelton Is ir
Ancker hospital undergoing q
check-up. Mrs. Shelton will return
for him as soon as he Is able u
travel.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Living Word Group
Appears At Zion
Sunday Afternoon

The Living Word Musicale, a
group of outstanding singers and
actors from Minneapolis win ap-
pear Sunday, October 13, 8 pm,
at Zion Baptist Church.
Directing the Musicale Is En-
tertainer Turned Evangelist" K.
Duane Peterson. Since his CONVEX
sion, he has dedicated himself to
the presentation Of the gospel
through religious music and drama.
Toby Melville, who Is active in
radio work, win be the featured
soIoist. Rev. Holloway and con-
gregation cordially invite the pub
lie to attend.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
FUNERAL SERVICES FOR
MRS. EFFIE GARRETT
TENTATIVELY FRIDAY

Funeral services for Mrs. Effie
Garrett, 651 Fuller Av., former St.
Paul business woman tentatively
have been set for Friday, October
II at st. James ANTE Church, St.
Paul.
Mrs. Garrett, who had been Ill
for over two years died Tuesday,
1870 am.
For further information you may
contact Brooks Funeral Home,
CA. 5-3691.
Survivors are a brother, Arnett
Harvey, Chicago, three sisters,
Mines. Clemontine Robinson, Chi
cago, Teresa Williams and Flora
Avery, Columbia, Miss.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10

Frank Kent, teen-age director at
Halle Q. Brown Community House
for the past three years has been
employed by General Mills, huge
Minneapolis based food products
firm
Mr.. Kent will join the firms
public relations department on No
vember 4, according to Nate Crab
tree, vice-presidcnt and director Of
the firms public relations depart
ment.
Mr.. Kent may be the only Negro
holding this type of a job with
food products firm which markets
nationally.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Rueism Must End Emperor soys:
RGeism Must End Emperor suys:
SeIaSSie Asks U.N.
Action Against South
Africa and Portugal

New York Emperor Halle SeaSSie, whose countrys
the 1880 SymbOzed the failure of the League of Nations
take collective action against aggression returned the
um of the Leagues organization Friday with praise
for the UN policing work and warning the world
the dangers of raciSm.
Shaking q somber with the tragedy Of that
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
GEM Stores Are
Celebrating 9TH
RirfhduN In Oct.

Patrons of GEM the private
membership department stores are
receiving some good money saving
bargains during the month of OC-
tober as the nationwide chain OBJ
serves the 7th birthday of the firm
which stretches from Honolulu to
Boston to San Juan Porto Rico.
The two Twin City stores locat-
ed in Minneapolis at 1900 Cedar
Av., across from the Met Stadium
in Bloomington and in st. Paul at
the junction of Highway SO and 81
next to the Keller Golf course.
In a series of ads which are
scheduled to appear in this news
paper the GEM stores list the ad-
vantages which the private depart
ment membership offers the con-
sumner.
GEM offers a complete depart
ment store of nationally known
brand merchandise at every day
low prices.
The stores have large free park
ing lots for members.
GEM offers 30 DAY credit. The
stores both have gas stations and
three hour dry cleaning services.
GEM members have access TO a
insurance department and the st
Paul store now has a grocery de,
partment.
In an ad in this issue a Guest
Pass Is printed which readers Of
this paper may use to inspect the
GEM stores in either Of the Twin
Cities.
Readers of this newspaper will
be pleased to know that the GEN
stores since their opening here
have always had members Of the
Negro group employed in varied
positions in their establishments
Marion Majors McElroy Of Min
neapolis was one of the first
saleswomen employed when the
Minneapolis store opened.
The superintendent of mainten'
ance for both stores Is James Ken,
ney of Richfield, well known ir
Masonic fraternal circles.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Rev. james Holloway
Speaker At St. LUkes

NnUFCnI WuVLuIuI WIIHH'
Rev. James r. Holloway pastor
of Zion Baptist Church, Mime
apolis, win address the Women's
Association Of st. Lukes Presby-
terian Church, Wayzata, Mime
sofa on Thursday, October 10, at
8 pm.
Rev. HolEoway's subject viii be
What its Like To Be A Negro
and How Negroes and Whites Can
Work Together To Promote Racial
Harmony.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
MCDONALD ADDRESSES PTA

James Mcdonald, executive d-
rector of the Minnesota State
Commission Against Discrimina-
ton was speaker at the Oct. g.
meeting of the Douglas Element
ary school PTA.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
Nick Coleman, Speaker
DaIe-SeIbY Action
Council Meet MondIul

NVUNSII "UUI WIUIIUWV
Nick Coleman, state senator,
45th District win speak, October
IA at the meeting of the Dale
Selby Action Council.
Senator Coleman will speak on
How a Neigfiborhood Can Get
Action in the City and State Gov
ernment". The meeting win be held
at the House of Hope Presbyterian
Church, Summit at Avon, st. Paul,
at 7:30 pm.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10

this to say about the tense s1tua-
ton which has attracted attention
in all parts of the nation:
A potentially explosive situation
will prevail today when the Board
of Education meets at 2 pm. to
consider the resignation of Super
intendent Benjamin c. Willis.
It has been estimated that hun
dreds of persons, Negro and white,
some against Willis and others for
him, will converge upon the Board
of Education offices, 22S N. La
Sale St., in an effort to influence
the Boards decision.
Although several members Of
the School board have spoken
kindly of the educator and de-
clare that his resignation is a
tragic loss to the City of Chi
cagO, willis remained arrogant
and accused the board of invad-
ing his administrative domain.
He said that he would not re-
consider his resignation, even If
the board should ask him to when
1t meets today.
Meanwhile numerous civil rights
groups and parents merged forces
to protest against the boards re-
consideration Of Willis resignation.
On the other hand, segrega-
tionist groups and community
organizations which have been
fighting 10 keep their neighbOr-
hoods IIIy-white, are doing like
wise In an attempt to keep
willis in.
Meanwhile, the North Central
Association Of Colleges and Secon-
dairy School warned the Board that
the cfty's high schools might lose
their accredftation because Of the
circumstances leading up 10 Tne
educators resignation.
Lowell B. Fisher, state chairman
Of the organization, said he was
waiting to see what develops at
today's meeting.
He did not say that North
Central Association Of Colleges
and Secondary Schools would in
sist on the board asking Willis
TO reconsider his action. But he
made 1t emphatic that the ac-
crediting body wants to be as
sured that the Chicago school
board will remain In a policy
role, regardless Of who is super
intendent.
Fisher, in letters to the board
members, expressed his belief that
the board had overstepped its auth
ority as a policy making body, and
was medding with the adminis-
tration of the schools.
However, he said he did not
think the board encroached on
willis perogatives when the trans
fers to four high school students
was approved by that body.
A suit by parents of Hrsch
High School students and two
taxpayers which turned out in
favor Of the parents for trans
fers Of their youngsters to Hyde
Park and South Shore high
schools, triggered the resigna-
ton of willis who had blocked
the movement
Meanwhile, the city Is tense,
awaiting the decision Of the board
which could set Off a wave OF VOL
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
In De Faeto Jimero School Crisis:
In De Faeto Jimero School Crisis:
Chicago Paper Predicts
Racial Violence There
If Board Keeps Sup't.

Chicago Ill On Monday the morning of the day the Chi
cago School refused accept School Superintendent Ben
jamin Willis resignation the Chicago DAILY DEFENDER pre-
dced that the superintendent retention would be the signal
for increased racial violence in the city
Willis had resigned under fire of Negro and civil rights
advocated An article written by staff writer Ted Coleman had
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10

Grants Employs SGIeslady
Mrs. Joyce Richardson, 81 VII
nams Sc. has been employed as
a saleslady in the mems depart,
ment of w. T. Grants Store, Sew.
enth and Nicollet AV.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10

Man Leaves I35 Descendants
Flint (ANP) - When 93-year-
old Adam ]. Holm died recently,
he had 1876 persons to mourn him
all relatives.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
ST. PAUL BRANCH
NAACP MEETING,
SUNDAY, OCTOBER I3

The st. Paul Branch NAACP
will hold its regular monthly meet
ing, Sunday, October IS at the
Sterling Club, 415 N. Dale at
pm.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10

to Almighty God, who has raised
man above the animals and en-
dowed him with intelligence and
--..- ., :... 3g .-.1'' 2 o.. .ts
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
In Birn1inqhum

The end of the Second World War
marked the beginning of the liberation of
Africa and Of racial integration in the us.
Although there is no casual connection be-
tween these two momentous developments,
they are interelated and they influence each
other. That they occurred at approximately
the same time has profound implications for
Negro Americans, all Of whom are aware
that they are "of African descent" In
America this African descent" is consid-
cred TO be the only socially relevant fact
about Negroes, and some states actually
define Negro as, anyone with an ascertain
able trace Of African blood. st. Clair
Drake.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
LOCAL YOUTH ELECTED
VICE PRESIDENT OF
FRESHMAN CLASS

Ronnie Williams, a freshman at
Winona State College, son Of Mrs.
Marion Williams Beasley,. 1851
Portland Av., was elected presi-
dent Of his class last week.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-10-10
HishIund Park Has
Negro Board Member

Highland Park, Mich. (ANP) -
During a meeting last week of the
City Council named Mrs. William
Bright Of La Belle 10 the Board Of
Recreation Of Highland Park. Mrs.
Bright Is a former member Of the
Highland Park Board of Educa-
ton.