davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Cash and the u. NJ.

The slightly hollow ring Of half
empty cash register still sounds loud
and diScordant in the background of
President JohnSon'S warm and gener-
ally optimistic remarks to the United
Nations. His rhetoric is fine. But it loses
force, If not meaning, when one keeps
in mind the lack of money in the U. MS
till.
Mr.. Johnson has done a timely
thing, Of course, in addressing the Cen
eral Assembly to make clear to every
body that President Kennedy's assas-
sination has not changed our national
policy: America more than ever" sup
ports "the United Nations as the best
instrument yet devised to promote the
peace of the world and the well-being
OF mankind" And he has gone on to
praise the organization for its policing
and pacifying operations "in the Congo,
in the Middle East, and elsewhere"
Well and good. The fact remains,
though, that these operations are keep
ing the U. N. on the brink of bankruptcy.
This is so because the Soviet Union,
most Of the Arab states and Western
countries like France have refused to
pay the special assessments levied on
them to help take care of the costs
involved. AS result, according to Sec
rotary General U Thant, the world
organization will be critically short Of
cash in the first six months Of 1864,
with the deficit amounting to at least
$134 million-by far the grimmest and
most distressing red-ink situation in the
U. MS history.
In a 9-to-5 advisory opinion"
handed down last year, the World Court
affirmed that all U. NJ members are
obligated to contribute their fair share
OF the money needed to finance emer-
gency action like that in the Congo
But the judgment has no binding force,
and it has been ignored by the Russians,
the French and numerous others. Hence
the U. MS continuing financial crisis-a
crisis potentially grave enough, with
all its possible ramifications, to bring
the whole structure, General Assembly
and Security Council alike, crashing
down.
AS matter of fact, the u. N. has
escaped bankruptcy and ruin up to now
only because of the financial-type blood
tranSfuSions that have been poured into
it by the United States. Congress has
made clear, however, that this sort Of
unilateral largess is not going to con-
tinue for all time. Why should it? The
world organization, unless its members
pay what they're supposed to pay, may
well die for want Of cash in its pockets,
regardless of the high principles in its
head.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Welfare Dilemma

The Nations Capital has
the highest average per
capita income. Unemploy-
ment is less acute than in
other cities. Public school
curriculum and educational
facilities are far better than
in other cities. Here are more
universities Of q high acade-
mic status than In any other
cities of the world. Many
outstanding institutions Of
research cover practically all
fields Of human endeavor.
The churches excel In spiri-
tual and social activities.
Welfare agencies are numer-
Gus and meet their budgets
by public contributions.
Within the city area lives
perhaps the largest number
Of intellectuals Of any other
city. The city's national and
international political impor-
lance is well matched by its
intellectual pursuits, its art
treasures and library collec-
tons. All in all, there is no
other city in the world to
equal Washington, D. C.
However, 1t appears that in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Bad Show

1t is too bad that the final version
Of the new District of Columbia budget,
which contains a great many notable
advances for the city, had to be tarn-
iShed by the last-minute niggardlineSs
Of the House conferees.
Often in the past the appropriations
to the city have been limited by the I'M
availability of revenue. That was not
the case this time The revenue bill
passed last summer, authorizing, among
other things, a $50-million Federal pay
ment toward the costs Of running the
city, permitted the Senate to approve
a budget which would have gone even
beyond the requests of the Commission
erS in attacking District deficiencies,
particularly in the fields of schools and
welfare. As cleared by the Senate, the
$Sl9-million appropriation would have
included Federal payment of $45 mil
lion. BY whiting away at projects in
conference, members of the House man.
aged to cut the Federal share to $37.5
million.
This, of course, is in the same pat
tern Of treatment which has enabled
Congress to avoid so successfully its full
financial responsibility to the Nations
Capital in the past. Budget expendi-
lures routinely are proposed, in good
conscience, on the basis of anticipated
city revenues plus the amount of Fed
eral payment authorized by Congress.
Inevitably, the total budget figure is
reduced. But the Savings" never show
up IN the form Of a revenue reserve for
the District. They show up, always, in
a curtailed Federal payment.
The difference in the present 60
round is dramatized not only by the
$12.5-million disparity between the
authorized and appropriated amounts
OF the Federal payment, but by the
specific items deleted from the Senate
budget. For the ak fell this time on
additional teachers, on expansion of the
program for retarded children, on well
fare workers, on school buildings, on an
urgently needed community health
clinic.
The Commissioners no doubt will
be back in Congress next month with
all these items included in their budget
requests for the 1865 fiscal year. But
the incredibly tardy congressional &C
ton on the budget this year-the fiscal
year Is nearly half gone-already has
dealt a severe blow to the Districts
hopes of catching up with its major
needs. The reductions in the Senate
appropriation add to the impact.
And the city has a lot of catch
ing up to do. With the school enroll
ment increasing at net figure of 1000
children a year, for example, any delay
at all in the construction of needed
school buildings is too much delay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Church Lobby

Protestant ministers have
been the staunchest pro-
Chalmers Of the principle Of
the separation between
church and state.
And, yet, on Dec. 6, so Pro-
testant churchmen, repudiat-
ing the Protestant principle
of separation of church and
state, personally presSured
congressman to pass the
combination civil oppression
civil rights bill.
When the church Hobbies
in Congress, is that true sep
aration Of church and state?
John A. NewcOmb.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Memorial Service

According to a notice In
The Sunday Star there will
be a memorial service for the
late President John F. Ken
nedy on December %, at the
Lincoln Memorial sponsored
by the Interreligious Com
mittee on Race Relations.
President Lyndon B. johnson
and leaders of several
churches in Washington will
participate.
December % is the last
day of official national
mourning for President
Kennedy. The notice said
that candles would be lit by
a torch from the flame on
President Kennedy's grave,
and sold to raise funds for
civil rights sufferers.
To sell candles from this
service for such a purpose
appears to give official sup
port to the idea that the
assassination Of President
Kennedy was connected with
the civil rights issue. The
known facts do not point In
that direction. Sara s. Wolfe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Fcc's SCOPE
George Crisan.

Blame for the current sit
uation in which Americans
find themselves due to the
Fe deral Communications
Commissions III nf airness
doctrine" must be placed
squarely where it belongs -
on the Congress of the United
States, and. more specifically,
on the American people, who
are represented by their duly
elected Congressman.
My version of the United
States Constitution, and the
one which ] have sworn,
under Almighty God, to up
hold. informs me, in the First
Amendment, that Congress
shall make no law respect
ing an establishment of re-
ligion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging
the freedom Of speech, or Of
the press: or the right Of the
people peaceably to assemble
and to petition the Govern
ment for a redress Of griev-
ances." Congress is specifical-
ly prohibited by the United
States Constitution land it
Is assumed that members of
Congress have also sworn to
uphold the Constitution of
the United States) from sup
pressing freedom Of religion
and freedom Of speech.
Congress is at fault in al
lowing an agency of the Gov
eminent which it created, the
FEC, to uSurp its rights and
make laws abridging our free
dom of speech. What's more
ridiculous is the fact that
Congress doesn't even have
this right; and If Congress
can't abridge our freedom of
religion and freedom Of
speech, it follows that Con-
gress has violated the Con-
stitution of the United States
in setting up the FEC and al
lowing it to do what Congress
itself is prohibited from do
ing.
What is the next STEP?
Will Americans wake up our
lethargic Congress and de-
mand that they restrict the
FEC to the ALLEGATION of
frequencies? Or will the
U. S. Supreme Court rule
that the First Amendment to
the United States Constitu-
ton is unconstitutional?
Betty White HaIIman
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Historical Classics
By DONALD MINTZ
THE GREAT HISTORIES. bt

born about 456 and died some
time after 404. Mr.. Brunt too
has supplied an extremely in
formative introduction and
like Mr.. Forrest has annotat-
ed the text so that it can be
followed by the non-specialist.
1.-THE Great Histories" then
jumps from the 5th century
B. c. to the 18th century and
Edward Gibbon. The greatest
part of the Gibbon volume is
naturally devoted to excerpts
from "The Decline and Fall
Of the Roman Empire" Prof.
TrevOr-Roper, who edited the
volume himself, has also in
cluded passages from both
Gibbons poSthumous autobi-
ography and his "Vindication
OF Some Passages in the Fiji
teenth and Sixteenth Chapters
of the Decline and Fall Of the
Roman Empire"
An 18th Century Masterpiece
If it is somewhat surprising
to learn from Prof. Trevor.
Roper that Gibbon has held
up as an historian far more
than most people think, it is
even more surprising to dip
into this book. "The Decline
and FALL" after all, is found
along with Goethe's
''Dichtung und Wahrheit."
Hegel's major works, and
1.-THE Critique of Pure Rea-
son" on many lists of books
/ never read and never will"
Gibbon no more belongs on
such lists than does Goethe.
We open 1.-THE Decline and
Fall" at random: 1.-THE incli-
nation of Julian (the
Apostate) might prefer the
gods Of Homer and of the
Scipios to the new faith which
his uncle had established in
the Roman empire, and in
which he himself had been
sanctified by the sacrament
of baptism. But, as a phi
losopher, it was incumbent
on him to justify his dissent
from Christianity, which was
supported by the number of
its converts, by the chain of
prophecy, the splendour of
miracles, and the weight of
evidence" We then read of
Julian's theological writings.
Gibbon continues: ''But in the
assiduous prosecution of these
-. studies the emperor of
the Romans imbibed the illib-
eral prejudices and passions
of a polemic divine. He con-
tracted an irrevocable obi
cation to maintain and propa-
gate his religious opinions;
and whilst he secretly ap-
plauded the strength and dex-
terity with which he welded
the weapons of controversy,
ne was tempted to distrust the
sincerity, or to despise the
understandings, Of his antago-
nists, who would obstinately
resist the force of reason and
eloquence."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
FOCUS ON THE NEWS
The Presidents Fkst Replacement
BY CHARLES BARTLETT

An unhappy and unintend-
ed injustice win be done II
the quality Of Edwin N.
Martins service as Assistant
Secretary Of State for Inter-
American Affairs Is obscured
by President Johnson's
decision to replace him.
This was the new Presi-
dents first venture into
personnel changes but he did
not intend any slight to
Martin In naming Ambassa-
dor Thomas Mann to con-
duct his South American
relations.
Many have long felt that
the Job should be upgraded
to the level Of Under Secre-
tary Of State. John Kennedy
was planning to make this
change and Mr.. Johnson was
fortunate to secure a personal
friend with Mann's experience
and stature to take on the ex-
panded responsibilities.
Mr.. Martin took the Assis-
tant Secretary's Job In the
fall Of 1851 when none Of the
specially qualified experts In
Latin Affairs would have it.
The buoyant beginnings Of
the Alliance for Progress had
disrupted the chain Of COM
mand in the State Depart
ment, the morale Of the
career officials was low. and
none Of some six eminent
men approached by Mr..
Kennedy could see q future
in the role.
The search finally turned
to Martin because one Of the
searchers. George Ball Of the
State Department, knew that
he had character, admins
trative ability, and persever-
ance. A Government econo-
mist since 1885. Martin spoke
no Spanish and his net
South American experience
consisted on one vacation
visit to Mexico.
Needed Courage
With these limitations
Martin needed courage to
step into the maze Of politi-
cal imponderables. Even In
English, he was not one Of
the soft-spoken, gentle per-
sonalities with whom the
Latins like to deal. He was
abrupt, abStemious. and so
concentrated In his energies
that he could rarely be
induced to participate In the
social ceremonies of diploma
cy.
But his long working hours
and his straight talk slowly
created a basis Of respect for
his authority. His own exam
pie restored the drive and
spirit of his division. He was
committed to the concept Of
the Alliance for Progress by
his deep liberal convictions
and he fell into close CO.
operation with the people
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19

THE GREAT HISTORIES,
General editor, Hugh r.
Trevor-Roper. Washington
Square Press, 80 cents per
volume, softbound.
Probably not many people
read the great historians of
the past. In a sense, it is Just
as well, for both knowledge
and Interpretation Of docu-
ments change and expand as
time goes by. One might
nearly as well learn biology
from Aristotle as the life Of
Charles XII of Sweden from
Voltaire.
Nevertheless, historical
classics have their places in
the libraries and hearts of
layman as well as historians,
provided that they are ade-
quately introduced and anno-
tated.
The distinguished British
scholar, Hugh r. Trevor-Ro-
per, has undertaken the edi-
torship of a new series called
1.-THE Great Histories" which,
when complete, will offer a
substantial library of con-
denSed and annotated classics
in paSsable paperbacks Of uni
form formal and cost.
Five volumes have been re-
leased to date: HerOdotus'
History of the Greek and
Persian Wars" Thucydides'
'PeloponneSian Wars" and
selections from the historical
writings of Gibbon, Voltaire
and Henry Adams. The first
three have been received.
HerOdOtus and Thucydides
Herodotus is presented in
the Rawlinson translation
which is now more than a
century old. W. G. Forrest,
who edited the volume and re-
duced the text by nearly half,
is a Fellow Of Wadham Col
lege, Oxford, and he has
made corrections and changes
when necessary. His introduc-
ton is both complex and con-
else and offers the reader an
excellent summary of HerodO-
tuS' place in history and the
history Of history.
HerodotuS was born about
ass BIC. The last event he
chronicles occurred in 419,
two years after the outbreak
Of the Second Peloponnesian
War. Nevertheless, the bulk Of
his narrative is concerned
with the Greek Persian con-
flict rather than what we are
inclined to view as conflict
among the Greeks.
The latter is the province Of
Thucydides whose book on
"The Peloponnesian Wars" is
offered in the Jowett tranSla-
ton, revised and abridged by
Peter Astbury Brunt, a Eel
low of 0riel College, Oxford.
Thucydides was younger
than - and possibly contemp-
tuous of-Herodotus. He was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry DriterS' correct
ndmes and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton Those not used iDiH be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Economy Man,

Your Dec. 10 editorial
Economy Man?" calls at
tention to the acute dilemma
faced by the new admins
tration, in observing that you
await with interest the I'M
folding Of the strategy by
which he president John
sonl will cut the Federal
budget without abandoning
any of the goals of the New
Frontier"
The modest measure Of the
first fruits of the heralded
economy suggests that any
dilemma presently faced in
this quest for savings may
well become greatly COM
pounded in the unfolding
process. Thus, initial pro-
posals, all so far disclosed,
would close or de-activate q
few military bases. This ac-
ton is expected to yield saw
ings Of SOS million over q
period Of the next 3la years.
That is, by June 80, 1867.
Admittedly. in the language
of the average taxpayer-in-
deed, in any language this
Is a considerable sum of
money in and Of itself. But,
is it sufficiently
Consider first that such
proposed savings so far dis
closed would represent only
slightly more than ITO Of
10 Of the staggering load
now clinging to the national
budget. DRIFTING with ex-
penditures in the realm Of
about 500 billion per an
mum.
Turn II you please to the
case of the average taxpayer,
who also faces a correspond
ing need for drastic economy,
and take for purpose Of con-
venient analogy one with
$1,000 income per aTlnum.
If his initial proposal we're
to tackle his dilemma by
planning for economies at a
similar rate. he would there
by expect to achieve savings
in the total Of SIS per an
mum. to be achieved over a
period Of 31a years.
Alexander M. Walker.
The newspapers report that
President johnson discounted
any fear that the stringent
hold down" on Federal en-
ployment would increase I'M
employment because 1t can
be achieved without firing
employees. but simply by not
filling some jobs vacated by
designations and retirements.
That Is a sage observation,
and I think that the Govern
ment should recommend that
all employees In the country
adopt the same policy, for
it is such a simple method
of reducing expenses for
wages and salaries without
increasing unemployment. It
doesn't take q first-rate
economist to tell you that
it Is not the lack Of jobs
that causes the increase in
unemployment in this coun-
try, it is the birth rate.
I am for economy in gov
eminent in all its phases, in
Guiding manpower. Since
Federal employee salaries.
however, constitute only q
small portion Of the Federal
budget. much greater econo-
my could be attained by re-
auctions also in other areas.
Personally, I wish that the
President could arrive at as
simple of a method for cut
ting his recommended figures
for foreign aid.
Railway r. Gigs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Strotoqems on Hill

AS an objective observer
whose mature life has been
divided between Journalism,
as such. and other activities
Of a related character, I con-
tinue to wonder what Is back
Of all Of these discussions
concerning the presidential
succession and the Senate
leadership. To me, most of
them are characterized by
(a) lack Of logic or (b) some
selfish purpose not publicly
proclaimed. To illustrate:
/. It is commonly said
around the Capitol-and it Is
substantially true-that no
man ever stepped into the
presidency Of the United
States who was better
trained for the job or who
possessed more experience in
the field Of public affairs
than President Lyndon john
son. Why. then, get excited
over the possibility that,
should the divinity that
shapes our ends" SO decree,
Speaker Mccormick of the
House or venerable Senator
Hayden Of Arizona might
perchance succeed him2
Both have had more exper-
fence in public life than he,
and both have good records.
They are also younger, Incl
dentally, than Winston Chur-
chill. Both have excellent
educational backgrounds,
also, and thus cannot be con-
sidered crudities who won
their way in politics by prop
uganda, plumber or plain
persuasion.
2. AS to the proposal that
Senator Hayden step down
as president pro tempore Of
the Senate, to eliminate him
from the presidential picture,
and that Senator Mike Mans
field Of Montana step down
from the position of majority
leader Of the Senate to be-
come the pro tenn presiding
officer, I think I see in all Of
these proposals an attempted
appeal to Senator Mans
fields ambition in the hope
that, If he we're to fall for it,
Senator Humphrey Of Mime
sofa might become the Sem
ate'S Democratic leader.
Well, what assurance would
there be Of this2 And Just
why would Humphrey make
a better leader than Mans
field, except in loquacity?
With one exception all Of
the principals named, so far
as Congress is concerned,
have spoken for themselves.
Humphrey is the exception.
Where does he stand in all
this? Why hasn't he spoken?
Is it possible that he has orig
mated, encouraged, or con-
ours in the several strata
gems by which he could at
least hope to become Senate
leader? The others are not
going to swallow the bait Of
fered. Is he? He hasn't said.
It leaves me wondering how
deeply he is involved, and
just what is back Of these
not-so-sly strategems, thin
" cloaked in a mantle OF
supposed devotion to the Ma
tons welfare.
Whoever may be back of
them clearly will not be able
to reshuffle Congress for
their own benefit. And the
longer they remain silent,
the more eloquent their sill
ence will become.
Theodore A. Huntley.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19
Position Sound

Mr.. Martin correctly pre-
dicted that some would use
his statement to accuse him
Of being an apologist for.
military coups. He was at
tackled fiercely by some of
the regular kibitzers on Latin
affairs but his position was
sound because he had been
asked to write the statement
by President Kennedy, who
wanted the Nation to under
stand that the wave Of coups
did not spell the decline of
hopes for the alliance.
Progress in South America.
Martin has said. will be a
saw tooth rather than a
smooth curve" It is an
abrasive process for the
policymaker who confronts
running criticism from all
sides. For this reason many
who know the merit In Mar
tin accept the Presidents
strategy Of replacing him
now with Mann.
The fear in regard to
Mann Is that he is accus-
toned, as a veteran in Latin
affairs, to dealing with the
power structure and will try
to tailor the programs to the
criticisms of an elite group
which does not wish in its
heart for the success of the
alliance or the birth of a new
era in South America.
Mr.. Mann's appointment
may ultimately mark
redirection Of the policies
toward South America but 1t
will not detract from the
courage and idealism that.
Martin brought to his labors.
60 IsSO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-19

struggling to make 1t work.
He gained. particularly after
the missile crisis, the conf
dence of President Kennedy.
Mr.. Martin more than
endured the day-to-day
perils Of Latin politics. He
took part In developing the
weapons Of recognition and
nonrecognition against the
danger that democracy in
South America might fall
prey to the power Of the
military juntaS. Six coups
took place while he held
office but q pattern Of return
to democratic processes had
been set In Argentina and
Peru.
Our leverage Is sometimes
great, sometimes small" he
wrote last October In ex-
planning his philosophy
toward the military juntas.
I'VE must use our leverage to
keep these new regimes as
liberal and considerable Of the
welfare of the people as
possible. In addition we must
support and strengthen the
civilian components against
military influences and press
for new elections as soon as
possible. -"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-16

l7I7 r ST. N.W.-Large, modern
apt. excellent location. lovely fur
nished efficiency from $95. J.
bedrm.. Sl35. Includes all utlls.
Wired for air cond. Adults only.
To inspect. see res. mgr. PORE1 =
SKY g. SONS mgmt.. 422-3SOU
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-16
TAKOMA PARK

I-BEDRM. APT, nicely furn., pvt
entr.. empl. married cpl 500 mo
incl. utils. WA. 7-2025 or 20. 8.
630S.