davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-25
Financing Retirement

One Of the harder fiscal decisions
facing Congress is what to do about
the Civil Service Retirement Fund
which, at the present unfunded LA
bility rate, will completely disappear
by the year 1890.
Over the years the liability has
grown to $34 billion, and is increasing
at $l.1 billion a year, largely because
1t was not until six years ago that the
Government began Systematically
matching the 6l2qo contribution Of
employees.
Now the Civil Service Commission
is proposing to gradually wipe out the
deficit by having the Government agen-
cies step up their contribution by u
Of 10 of their payrolls each year until,
by 1886, the Government share would
be 171soS BY the Government, Of
course, is meant the taxpayers.
There is no question that a plan to
finance the retirement fund should be
adopted by this Congress. II allowed to
drift on, the situation would become
so acute by the end Of the century that,
TO maintain its good-faith pledge, the
Government would be compelled 10 ap-
propriate SIS billion or more year.
There is a question In the minds Of
some, however, whether the full bur-
den OF the stepped-up payments should
fall on those who will not directly share
in the benefits, namely the taxpayers
outside the Government. Civil Services
position is that the Government en-
ploye has always paid his full share Of
the cost, that 6laqo is a larger sum than
most pension plans cost In private busi-
ness. Civil Service also believes an in
crease in the employees payments would
weaken the Governments position
versus private industry in attracting the
best possible personnel And would IL
Evening star., 1963-05-25
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used iDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied bu self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1963-05-25
THE POLITICAL MILL
To Break School Aid Loq Jum
By GOULD LINCOLN

In an effort to break a log
jam in Congress and out over
Federal aid to education in
this country, Senator Abra-
ham A. Ribicoff Of Connecti-
cut has introduced proposed
amendments to the income
tax laws which warrant SER
ious consideration. These pro-
posals are for tax deduc-
tions for parents sending
their children to schools -
public and private - and for
public financing Of shared
time" Shared time simply
means that children who at
tend private schools may be
able to use some Of the facili-
ties Of public schools on a
part time basis. For exam
pie, a child who wishes voca-
tional training as we'll as
academic.
The Connecticut Senator
served for the better part of
two years as Secretary Of the
Department Of Health, Ed
ucation and Welfare, in the
forefront of the effort to OBJ
tain Federal aid for educa-
ton, which for years has
been an issue in this country.
In offering his proposals =
in the nature of a compro-
mise for the administrations
bill which provides aid only
for public schools and its
opponents who wish SINH
lar aid to be provided for
private schools, including
parochial schools - Senator
Ribicoff said that no one
should discount the inten-
sity of the conflict which
has arisen particularly over
the so-called religious issue.
II know, too," he said
"the Illustrations that await
those who venture into this
area. But l firmly believe
that the effort must be made
to resolve this controversy.
AS long as it continues
the possibility Of progress all
but vanishes. On one side Of
the controversy are those who
wish the Government to fl
nance private and parochial
schools in the same manner
as it proposes to finance pub
lie schools. On the other,
those who favor aid only
to public schools. There is a
third group which is opposed
to federal aid to either pub
lie or private schools.
Averts Key Argument
Senator Ribicoff believes
firmly that his proposal Of
tax deductions avoids the
proposition that the Federal
Government, under the Con-
stitution, may not finance
schools, private or parochial,
which have church affilia-
tions or any religious in
struction. He points out that
tax deductions for contribu-
tions to charities and
Evening star., 1963-05-25
Matter of Identity

1t has come to my atten-
tion that my name is being
confused with that of Mrs.
Eta Mae Davis, an official
Of Citizens United for Re-
sponsible Elections. I would
like TO correct this erroneous
impression. / am told that
the reason for this confusion
is because / am a former
education chairman OF the
Montgomery County Fedora
ton OF Woman's Clubs and
as such was the first chair
man OF the school informa-
tion sessions with the super
intendent Of schools.
My personal views are di-
rectly opposed 10 those OF
Mrs. Eta Mae Davis and
CURE. / am a former science
teacher and have had one or
more children enrolled in
Montgomery public schools
for 10 years. Montgomery
citizens are fortunate in hav-
ing a capable person, DR.. C.
Taylor Whittier. as school
superintendent. Under his
leadership the school system
has developed into one OF the
Nations best.
CURE is critical OF "ex-
perimentation In teaching"
Without experimentation"
we would have little change
or progress. Experiments are
conducted because answers
are not known. II Is inevi-
table that not every expert
ment will yield positive re-
suits. Great care, however,
has been exercised 10 insure
that no harmful results come
from these teaching expert
ments. II allowed TO continue
as planned, the teaching ex-
periments In Montgomery
County will continue TO
yield results helpful not only
TO our own boys and girls
but TO students throughout
the Nation.
Mrs. James o. Davis.
Evening star., 1963-05-25
Puerto Rico's Status

A curious view on Ameri-
can relations with Latin
America has just been ex-
pressed by the Governor Of
Puerto Rico before a House
committee examining future
relations between this coun-
try and the island. The Gov
ernor's view is the same ex-
pressed by Fidel Castro
weekly from his Havana po-
dium.
According to this view, the
United States is a colonial
ist exploiting the innocent
peoples of Latin America.
Munoz Marin urges the
United States to change its
ways so that Fidel and the
Communists may not have
grounds for this accusation.
That Puerto Rico enjoys a
status far more favorable
vis-a-vis the American union
than any State within the
American union is not men,
toned by the Governor of
Puerto Rico. American citi-
zenShip, exemption from Fed
eral taxation, yearly Federal
grants for roads and COM
municationS, refund of duties
levied on Puerto Rican prod
uctS to the government of
Munoz Marin, a free market
for Puerto Rican manufac-
lures in competition with
American products, free en-
try Of Puerto Rican immi-
grants, military protection
against attack from Commu-
niSts or anyone else these
are the gifts Of the Ameri-
can people to the people of
Puerto Rico which the Gov
ernor chooses to ignore. This
is the sort of "colonialism"
that any American State
would grab if offered it, and
which the Governor Of Puerto
Rico finds not sufficient for
island privileges.
Far more serious is the
claim put forth by Munoz
Marin that the American
Congress cannot legislate on
Puerto Rico without the con-
sent of Puerto Rico; that
Puerto Rico is a sovereign"
power negotiating as an
equal with the Congress Of
the United States as a sep
arate sovereign; that the
present law governing Puerto
Rico intended to grant the
island a separate sovereign
ty" not granted to any State
in the Union.
1t all amounts to asking
for aims with a gun in your
hand" as the ancient Span
ish saying goes.
Joseph /. Puente.
Evening star., 1963-05-25
Inteqrotion by Force

I am not opposed to volun-
tary integration. I am. how
ever, unalterably opposed to
racial integration by law and
force. When the two races
achieve fairly comparable
standards of responsibility
for personal and group con-
duct, of morality-using this
term in its broadest sense
Of basic education, of ambi-
ton, of determination to
forge ahead, and Of the will
ingness to work to accomplish
these things, then racial in
tegration will be no problem.
for few, if any, will oppose it.
These conditions, however,
have not been met. AS long
as the Government and
biased racial groups attempt
to compel integration by
force of law, it will never be
truly successful for it is psy-
chologically, morally and
practically the wrong ap-
proach. Our founding IA
thers must have realized this
when they framed our Con-
Stitution so as to permit
members of all races and
creeds to maintain their in
dividual identities and be-
liefs and yet live and prosper
in the same communities.
If a person desires to es-
tablish a business, risking his
own capital, his personal
prestige and reputation, and
facing the problems OF COM
petition, labor relations, and
all of those things which are
entailed in operating any
kind Of a business enterprise,
and if he elects to limit his
clientele to certain persons,
or groups of persons, or to
certain races, that is as it
should be for he assumes all
the burdens, and all the risks
of failure. This same philos-
ophy could and should be ap-
piled to many other situa-
tions, Of which housing is
only one.
We should help in every
way that we can to aid wor-
thy members of all races and
creeds, to enable them. as in
dividuals or groups. to i'm
prove themselves in every
way to meet the full respon-
sibilities of citizenship, po-
liticslly, socially, and eco
nomically. But integration
will never be accomplished
by force. BY attempting it we
are destroying the American
image Of freedom. Not only
are we establishing a false
image of democracy in the
minds and hearts Of our own
citizens, We are destroying
the true image Of America
all around the world in the
hearts and minds of people
of other countries to whom
America has long been con-
ceived as the land Of freedom
and opportunity.
Integration by force OF
law and arms rather than by
common sense and reason
benefits no one and is caus-
ing almost irreparable dam
age TO our own country.
E. r. Ballinger.
Evening star., 1963-05-25
THE ECONOMIST
India: Deserving Country in Need
ON TODAY'S WOREC

mands planning. India's plan
may not be perfect (no plan
Isl but it does make sure
that the bulk of the aid pro-
vided goes where it is most
needed and can be used best.
1t does not stick, as it does
in some other countries, in
the pockets of local poten-
tates or corrupt bureaucrats.
At Critical Stage
India has now reached a
critical stage in its develop
ment. Each dollar given to-
day will yield a far greater
dividend than a dollar de-
layed until tomorrow. The
country is running a race
with its own population; and
1t has to run very hard just
to stand still. The popula-
ton is growing at a rate Of
two per cent each year. and
two-fifths of the current In
dian plans resources are
taken up in coping simply
with this increase in the
number of mouths to be fed.
India can win this race only
when its economic growth
becomes a self-sustaining
movement-that is. growth
that feeds on itself without
outside aid.
1t is vital that the West
should help India to reach
this point as soon as possi-
BILE. Such self-sustaining
growth, once it appears.
could be the cement thst will
hold the nation together.
Political and linguistic diff
ferences still fissure the face
Of india; II there is economic
stagnation as we'll in the
years ahead, the whole struc-
ture may crumble into self
destruction.
The size Of midas aid is
Europe's problem, and Brit
aims problem in particular.
The position OF the United
States is clear; given the
present American balance Of
payments problem. the
United States IL heing gener-
Gus. The countries in the
European Common Market,
who are collecting 10 them
selves a bigger and bigger
proportion OF the worlds
gold and foreign exchange,
ought TO be prepared TO
shoulder an increasing part
OF the aid burden. Will Brit
ain set an example7
Britain is the club men,
ber with the closest political
and economic ties with In
dia And yet In the first two
years OF the current Indian
plan British aid accounted
for only $3.50 million out OF
2,225, 100000 - less than
West Germany's contribu-
ton. II, with these close ties.
Britain is not prepared TO
stretch It's purse for India's
future. then other countries
will certainly not be pre-
pared TO do so. Britain's at
titude at the June meeting
will be decisive.
TONY CAMBRIDGE.
g 1853, By the Economist
intsilisenes Unit Limited.
Evening star., 1963-05-25
We Can't Win

Your recent editorial
Sweepstakes, Anyone?" sug-
gests that a New Hampshire
style Government lottery
might be a good source of
revenue. Coming from The
Star, that symbol of civic
righteousness, paragon of
journalistic virtue, and cou-
rageous defender of constitu-
tional government against
manifold threats from mis-
guided pacifists, naive ap-
peasers, and hucksters of
economic nostrums, this sug-
gestion leaves us in a state
of shock.
For economic as well as
moral reasons, it does seem
that a newspaper of your
sanity and moral stature
would cry out against this
official pandering to the
greed Of those seeking some
thing for nothing. This base
parasitic motivation is largely
responsible for the alarming
growth of shoplifting even by
nonprofeSSionels, often of
the better" class people,
for stealing from employers,
for embezzlement by bank
tellers and officers, often for
horse bets, blighting the
careers of brilliant stars in
the sports world and for
other thievery.
The example of the Mary
land legislature in at least
curtailing slot-machine
gambling in certain counties
of the State, even though it
means a heavy loss of rev.
enue, is a step in the right
direction, and should serve
as a rebuke to the morally
weak action Of the New
Hampshire Legislature.
Ira b. Hill.
Evening star., 1963-05-25
Lawrence Top Critic

David Lawrence's column
of May 20 cCuba Held Major
Threat to U. So is the most
biased I have ever read. Even
the most conservative Repub-
licans would find it hard to
top Lawrence's criticism of
the President, the cabinet or
anyone who happens to agree
with the President. With
Lawrence's column appear
ing daily, the Republicans
can save their propaganda
money" for another time.
M. E. Hudson.
Evening star., 1963-05-25

churches are already pro-
vided by Federal law. And
also to the fact that the
administration recently has
renewed its recommendations
that income tax credits and
deductions be used to help
finance the costs of political
campaigns. Surely" he told
the Senate, "the cause of
education deserves similar
support"
In brief, Senator Ribicoff
is proposing a tax deduc-
ton up to $1,000 for parents
sending a child to college, and
a tax deduction up to $100 for
parents sending a child to
school - public, private or
parochial. 1t is his informa-
ton that parents of children
attending parochial schools
pay on the average $50 tut
ton for the lower grades and
500 for the high school
grades The charges for many
private schools are far high
er. These deductions will
not, of course, pay the tut
ton charges in any case, but
they will help. Also, if his
plan is adopted, 1t may lead
to a resolution of the strife
which has arisen over aid to
private and parochial
schools. "These tax deduc-
tions," he said, may we'll
make it possible to pass other
direct assistance for public
legislation that does provide
schools"
Discounts Opposition
Senator Ribicoff is we'll
aware that proposals for tax
deductions, whether at the
college or school level, have
been opposed by the Treasury
Department and the Office
Of Education in the depart
ment which he formerly
headed. This does not cause
him great concern" He
added that he does not be-
lieve Congress should be un-
duly concerned or deferred by
such opposition.
More than is per cent Of
all students in the elemen-
tary grades, II per cent in
the secondary grades, and
80 per cent Of the pupils in
higher education are in pri-
vate and parochial schools
and colleges.
Obviously, the children ed
ucated in private and church
schools, if placed in public
schools would raise the
amount of money now spent
for the public schools by a
large sum, to be raised by
taxation. To some extent and
for that reason, there should
be Federal aid to the parents
and to the schools ir which
these children are educated.
1t seems a valid reason, GER
tainly, for the Ribicoff meas
ures.
Evening star., 1963-05-25

Vests economic aid to India
is about to be cut. This is the
time of year when Indian Of
ficials make their annual
round Of Western capitals
looking for external help for
the next year of India's de-
velopment plan. This time
they are hoping to collect
$1.250,000,000. Whether they
will succeed depends on the
meeting to be held in Paris
at the beginning Of next
month between the finance
ministers Of the nine coun-
tries land the World Bank)
that regularly help India.
These "Aid-Ind.a club"
meetings have never pro-
duced quick results, but in
the end India has come
away with its needs more or
less satisfied. This year 1t
might be different; the out
come is very much in doubt.
Part of the trouble is that
India has in one sense upped
the price of club member
ship. Indian officials have
been in Washington and
London recently looking for
an extra SIT billion over
the next three years to buy
new arms abroad. The Brit
ish government understands
India's need for better de-
fenses against China, but
feels that defense aid on this
scale is bound to reduce the
amount OF economic aid that
can be provided. It only re-
quires one member of the
club to hesitate for the 9TH
ers to follow suit.
The club has one working
rule: The United States is
willing to match the aid the
other nations in the club
West Germany, Britain,
France, Japan. Canada. Aus
tria. Belgium and Holland
are together willing TO offer.
The introduction Of this rule
last year sent Europe's dele
gates scuttling home in
shame TO squeeze a little ex-
ira from their governments.
This year II is more likely
TO mean that every dollar
cut by Europe will mean two
less for India.
India Can be ShOwpiece
Can we afford TO let this
happen2 II the rich coun-
tries really want 10 raise the
standard Of living in the un-
derdeveloped parts OF the
world as quickly as possible.
then India ought 10 be our
showpiecc. It's people are
among the worlds poorest,
and II Is likely 10 show the
best return for our invest
ment.
It's $50 million people are
approximately a third OF the
developing worlds porula-
tion. The Western nations
ought 10 be glad that so
many Of the people they
want 10 help are concen-
trated In a country whose
government Is genuinely
democratic. To lead a popu-
lation Of this size into a
modern industrial society de-
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-07-26

would be rather far fetched A TV edu-
cational program beamed from North
Carolina does not have any practical
possibilities as we see it.
Really, the most practical suggestion
has been made by DR.. Picott, executive
secretary Of the Virginia Teachers As
ISOLATION. The National Education AS
ISOLATION contribution of $4,000 sup
plemented by $4,000 from the VITA,
and such private contributions to be
had in Prince Edward and Virginia,
would be practical approach. The
VITA is a professional teachers associa-
ton, capable Of supplying teachers with
the proper knowhow.
Last year the Prince Edward School
Board offered it's facilities to the VITA
for summer remedial program, which
offer was declined. We would believe
that the school board would give care
ful consideration to any request from
the Virginia Teachers Association Aid
from Foundations might be considered
in rounding out the financial needs for
universal education in the county.
1t is a foregone conclusion that the
Fourth Circuit Court will not hand
down decision in time for any relief
of either the Negro or the white parents
this year.
Of course, stay of Judge Lewis de-
cision enjoining any parents in Prince
Edward from receiving scholarship
grants for the coming year, and the CO.
operation of the Virginia Teachers AS
ISOLATION, could solve Prince Edward
County's problem for the immediate flu
ture. That is if the Department of Just
ice, and all Of the other do-gooders
would leave the people alone to work
out their own educational program for
the coming year or until definite rules
are promulgated by decisions Of the
Federal courts, or laws by the Acts of
Congress.
If the Justice Department is looking
for justice it seems to be running around
Robin Hoods Barn.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-07-26
Track Of Doubt

klPLING has story, Of which we
often think. called 'The Track of
Lie" In it is a paragraph citing
Moslem saving which made trip
around the world 1t made the trip by
way Of quotations in one paper after
another, whereupon the author came to
realize he had erred in the first place.
His lie" had circled the earth.
We are reminded of this legend in
an editorial quoted in The Readers Di-
gest from the Milwaukee Journal. I'm
der the heading. "Doubious Distinction"
the editorial points out that the public
schools Of Prince Edward County, Va,
had been closed since September. 1859.
to avoid indignation. 1t then concluded
by piouSly intoning, GAS Attorney Gen
eral Robert Kennedy observed recently,
with as much sadness as irony, Outside
of Africa south Of the Sahara, the ONLY
places on earth known not to provide
free public education are Communist
China. North Nietnam, Sarawak, Singa-
pore, British Honduras = and Prince
Edward Comfy, Virginia.
One might need a modicum Of imagi-
nation to accept without a shade of
doubt or dab of salt the image of a
haoed Robert Kennedy delivering a
dictum Of sadness and irony"
And the statement that Prince Ed
ward County had not provided free edu-
cation is worthy of examination and
doubt When that county abandoned it's
separate public schools for the races
to avoid what it regarded as the hazards
of integraton. it set up a private school
for white children and offered to do
the same for the Negroes. The Negroes
turned it down. Perhaps it wouldn't
have been entirely free, but in the long
run white persons probably would have
largely footed the bill. Negro children,
even since slavery, have been provided
with free education in the South, not
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-07-26
FRIDAY, JULY 26, 1868
Around Robin Hoods Barn

ACCORDING to news reports the De-
partment Of Justice has designat-
ed an emlssary to find ways and means
OF opening schools in Prince Edward
County this year. William vanden
Heuval, a New York lawyer, recently
joined the department with this as
special assignment Mr. vanden Heuvel.
a native of Rochester, N. Y. was grad
uated by Cornell University and has
been practicing New York attorney
since 1858 He is reported to have been
a law associate of Senator Javits of
New York and to have been defeated
Tor Congress in 1860 by Representative
John Lindsey of the New York 18th
district
One of the suggestions, (again accord
ing to news stOries) was to establish
federal military base in Prince Edward,
on which schools could be operated on
government property. Another was to
beam an educational program from
North Carolina. These suggestions were
submitted to President Kennedy in
Memorandum by the Justice Depart
ment last March
Another suggestion, which has been
denied by the Justice department. pro-
posed petitions to private Foundations
for funds to operate private integral
ed schools
An earlier proposal of a grant from
the National Institutes of Mental
Health, Of S2.5 million to experiment
in remedial reading was withdrawn.
The MIMI is an organization connect
ed in some way with the federal gov
erment, we understand
All Of these suggestions and pro-
posals add UP to the fact that the
Justice Department is exploring fran
tlcally ways and means Of operating
schools III the county next year
OF all of the proposals, it would ap-
pear that private integrated schools
would be the most likely 1t is possible
that a federal military base could be
established in the county, though. it