davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29

There's supposed to be a
wall Of separation between
church and state" erected
under the Constitution. At
least so the Supreme Court
Of the United States has
said. But something hap
pened in Washington last
Thursday which indicates
that the wall apparently
bars entry from only one
side.
For while the Government
cannot direct what prayers,
If any, shall be used in the
public schools or institutions,
the Government presumably
can be directed by the
churches as to what laws
shall be passed on any sub
ject. Whether 1t is in the
field Of conscience" or
commerce" the principal
religious organizations Of the
Nation now assert the right
to interpret these words for
themselves and to take part
in the pressures being ex-
erted in the Hobbies Of the
Capitol to secure the enact
ment Of certain laws barring
racial discrimination.
Spokesman for the three
big national organizations Of
churches Catholic, Protes-
tant and Jewish-have Just
told Congress that all forms
Of racial discrimination
should be abolished by law.
Three committees of Con-
greSs heard the arguments
presented by the churchmen
dealing with proposed legis-
lation on civil rights" in
respect to retail stores, rest
aurants, hotels, and motelS
as well as discrimination in
employment in various bust
nesses, whether governmental
or private.
In what was described by
the church sponsors as IAN
unprecedented and indeed
historic event." a formal
statement containing identi-
cal words was read before each
Of three congressional COM
mittees. A Catholic clergy
man representing the Ma
tional Catholic Welfare Con-
ference appeared before a
Senate committee and said
he spoke for his own and
the two other church groups
the National Council Of
Churches and the Synagogue
Council of America. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
DAVID LAWRENCE
Churches Role in Luwrnukinq

so, but 1t became a law any,
how as both houses overrode
the veto. This correspondent
at the time called attention
to attempts by this and other
church groups to tell the
Government what laws
should be enacted whether
or not they touched religion.
For nearly every subject can
be rationalized as in some
way related to morals" or
conscience"
There has been as yet no
referendum taken among the
members of these churches
Throughout the country-ap-
proximately 116 million &C
cording to the 1861 figures
to determine how a majority
feel about the asserted right
Of the church organizations
to speak for them on matters
of legislation. Will some in
dividuals risk "excommunica-
ton" If they take a dissent
ing view?
The campaign Of some of
the church organizations
goes beyond mere statements
to congressional committees.
A commission Of the National
Council Of Churches, a lead
ing Protestant organization,
has just issued a public APP
peal for 10000 members to
take part in person in the
March on Washington" on
August 20. Many ministers,
white and Negro, have al
ready participated in the
demonstrations" in differ
ent parts Of the country,
and some have been arrested
for disturbing the peace.
But the real significance
of all the new developments
is that there may be a move
ment started to permit inter-
marriage. What people in
the South have always feared
is that enforced social re-
lationshipS between Negroes
and whites of both sexes
would eventually bring about
intermarriage on a wide scale
in America. This, to be sure,
is at the root of the problem
Of the integrated school and
is responsible for much Of the
opposition to mixing of races
or social relationships in eat
ing places, hotels and hous-
ing facilities. The expressed
position Of the churches to-
day on racial discrimination
could lead logically to a legal
sanction Of intermarriage or
at least a declaration that
for a state to forbid 1t Is "a
blasphemy against God"
(Copyright 1868,
New York Herald Tribune Inc)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
Mail the coupon and let us send
you Friendships current schedule!

The 1850 monthly flights in and out of
Friendship Airport offer the answer to an
important question. viii Friendship Inter-
national Airport continue to serve Baltimore,
Maryland and Washington Or will Dulles
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Will Maryland be serviced by air from re-
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It's as simple as this. Use your Friendship
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If even just few Marylanders use the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
Born in 1863 With Wheels in Head
He Built Car That RevoIutionized US.

One hundred years ago
next Tuesday Henry Ford
was born.
He was born In the light
OF a kerosene lamp. The
dynamo was still a labora-
tory curiosity. The Otto gas
engine was six years away.
When Baby Henry opened
his eyes, wind still drove 80
per cent of the worlds
ships and falling water pow
cred most of its machines.
Steam pushed the locomo-
tives. Otherwise man found a
horse or walked.
Henry was a tinkerer. His
disguised farmer-father said
he had wheels in his head"
At school he learned little
except the McGuffey max
inns, corny but uplifting.
While the kids played One
Old Cat, Henry squatted by
the brook making little wa
terwheels and turbines.
You might say Henry
never became anything else
but a tinkerer. He was a
wrench-and-plierS man. He
never read or wrote easily.
He could have used a slide
rule only to pick his teeth.
But he had a sense of ma
chinery
When he was IL his par
ents gave him a watch. He
took 1t apart and reaSSembl-
ed it Immediately. The fore
man fired him from his first
mechanics job because he
fixed in 10 minutes a bah
bit box on which the fore
man and four skilled work.
ers had been laboring for
hours.
On Christmas Eve, 1893,
when he was the 29-year-
old superintendent of the
Detroit Edison Electric Co.,
he lugged into the kitchen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
Bon Urged
On Ships in
Cuba Trade
By the Associated Press

Nine House Republicans have
released figures purporting to
show that 36 per cent Of the
petroleum products shipped TO
Cuba earlier this year were
carried on ships Of non Com
munists nations.
Accompanying the reports
yesterday was q letter the nine
sent President Kennedy last
week. In 1t they urged that
he firmly request Great Britain
and Greece to Withdraw their
vessels from trade with Cuba.
IF this is not enough, we
favor closing United States
ports to all vessels OF any ma
ton permitting any Of Its ships
TO carry goods TO or from Cuba,
directly or indirectly" they
added.
The nine are members OF a
subcommittee Of the House Re-
publican Policy Committee. The
subcommittee. headed by Rep
resentative Battin Of Montana,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
Diplomacy Must Remain Cautious;
Non-Aqqression Pact Is Next Problem

cerned, there will be no rec
ignition.
The American Government
will not consent to an ex-
change Of ambassadors with
East Germany; there will be
no trade concessions; and no
parity between East and West
Berlin.
1t is easily within the re-
sources Of diplomacy to find
the language for making 1t
plain that East Germany has
been admitted to these ne
gotiations solely az q men,
Der of the Warsaw Pact and
without prejudice to the ulti-
mate unity and freedom Of
the German nation.
But these arguments, logi-
cal though they are, do not
carry us too far. Mr.. Khru-
shchev would certainly claim
that the recognition Of East
Germany has taken place; a
significant number Of Amer
leans would deplore this de-
velopment and West Ger
many would resent 1t.
A formal exchange Of nom
aggression pledges between
the NATO and Warsaw Pact
countries may be more trou-
BILE than 1t is worth. There
are other ways Of reaching
the same result, and Ameri-
can officials are now work.
ing on some tentative diplo-
matte formulas, all Of which
will require the agreement of
our NATO allies.
In any case, what matters
is not the form Of the nom
aggression pledge but its re-
lation to European security.
Mr.. Khrushchev will find 1t
much easier to get q nom
aggression agreement II he
in turn will drop his pressure
on West Berlin.
At the moment American
officials shrink away from
all suggestions Of q summit
conference. They are less
hostile to a foreign ministers
conference. but even that
meeting would have to be
carefully planned, with pre-
else agreement in advance
on the agenda.
Apart from other reasons,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
MAX FREEDMAN
What Test Ban Treaty Means

1t will be rather risky to call
a summit conference while
Prime Minister Macmillan is
caught in his tangle Of trou-
bles. 1t may be most unjust
to Mr.. Macmillan but the
suspicion persists that his
political difficulties in Brit
ain prevent him from sur
veying the European situa-
ton with his usual wisdom
and detachment.
1t was one thing to have
Lord Hailsham at Mr.. Har-
riman's side In the technical
talks on the test ban treaty.
1t would be quite a different
matter to have Mr.. Mac
milan, In his present weak
position, at President Ken
nedy's side In formidable ne
gotiations with Mr.. Khru-
schev on the ultimate issues
Of European security and
nuclear policy. The situation
may change a few months
from now, and then the way
to the summit may be open.
In his explanation Of the
test ban treaty to Senate
committees, Mr.. Rusk made
an excellent impression. He
recognized the honest ankle
ties which many Senators
feel about the treaty and he
dealt candidly and persuaS-
lively with their problems.
The military questions
arising from the treaty can
be safely discussed only In
executive session. This fact
should keep the administra-
ton witnesses from over-sell-
ing the treaty and from ques-
tioning the motives Of any
Senator who wants to ask
critical questions.
Nor should anything be
done to sanction the utterly
discreditable rumor that the
Southern Senators are ready
to cause trouble for the
treaty in retaliation for the
civil rights legislation.
The administration should
reject these unworthy fears
and slurs, and follow the ex-
ample Of Mr.. Rusk in argu-
ing its case. Then it will gain
the Senate's ratification Of
the treaty by an impressive
margin.
C1eoS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
JENKIN LLOYD JONES
Henry Ford-Ace 7inkerer

laughed about the Model T.
Every vaudevillian had his
Ford gags. What time is 1t
when two Fords go down
the street," Tin after
TIM. A tin barn roof is rolled
up in a tornado. AS a
joke the farmer sends 1t to
the Ford Factory. The reply:
1T will cost you $43.50 to
fix your Ford. What hit
your" The Ford company
delightedly collected and
published hundreds of them.
But the Model T was the
most carefully researched
car that had ever been pro-
duced.
AS Mr.. Ford grew fab
ulouSly rich and famous his
blind spots became appar-
ent. He saw little use in coll
leges. He hadn't gone. He
couldn't understand why
people bought paintings
when photographs we're
more accurate. With kind
conceit he tried to stop
World War I by financing
a peace ship" He took q
brief fling at anti-Semitism
as publisher of the peculiar
Dearborn Independent" He
muliShly overrode the pro-
tests of his bright son, Ed
sci, and held on to the Model
T until General Motors took
his measure with the snap
pier Chevrolet.
He was not a great mind
- only a narrowly-clever
man. But he believed in ma
chimes. He thought they
would make the world happy.
He wanted to straighten
the bent back and re-
move the drudgery of labor.
And he did.
Henry Ford, not Karl Marx,
was the modern revolution
list. The masses under Com
munist rule all dream visit.
fully Of the day when they
can have a car.
@ 1858
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

khrshchev is anxious to reduce tension rumored
mes ordered the Russian troops in Cuba to relax.
49, Inc Government reports cost-of-lving record
Inc dollar goes just far under the Democrats The differ
ence Is that 1t never gets there all in one piece.
France spurns the atomic test ban treaty De Gaue
still intent doing bang-up job.
Some Of the Negro demonstrators must be
Republicans JFK keeps saying Lets get the country moving
again." but they say, I'VE shall not be moved"
Business glossary: Profit margin-What the chairman
OF the board takes credit for when it's hckand bames
Kennedy when it's thin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29

In talking with those who
know most about the Harri-
man Hailsham mission to
Moscow, one swiftly gains the
impression that the worst
public reaction to the nu-
clear test ban treaty would
be to assume that peace is
breaking out all over and
that we will soon enjoy an
era Of easy relations with
Russia. These American Of
ficials do not believe it, and
they have reason to say that
the same caution prevails in
the Soviet government.
All this does not mean that
the treaty is a small achieve
ment. Great credit belongs to
the negotiators, particularly
to Mr.. Hartman, for OBJ
tanning Russia's consent to a
treaty that is a model of
brevity and clarity.
1t is very significant that
President Kennedy and Mr..
Rusk have resisted every
temptation to make loud and
exaggerated claims about the
Importance Of this agreement.
They have correctly evaluated
the treaty as providing the
opportunity, by careful d.
plomacy, for exploring the
chances for other gains for
peace. But thus far we have
no more than the opportu-
nifty, not the reality. Just as
1t would be an inexcusable
tragedy to miss any real OPP
portunity for peace, so 1t
would be q calamitous blum
der to base our security on
nothing stronger than our
hopes for reduced tensions.
Two basic principles now
guide the Kennedy admins
tration: the rule Of reciproc-
ity, both in obligations and
in concessions, must
be strictly followed in all So
Wet American negotiations:
and Russia can rest assured
that 1t will receive as much
American cooperation as 1t
earns and deserves.
There will be no premature
or one-sided American con-
cessions In the mistaken no.
ton that this Is the way to
peace.
After weighing Mr.. Harri-
mans reports, the admins
tration is convinced that its
approach 49, firm yet frank,
cautious yet conciliatory.
pragmatic yet peaceful-is
appreciated In Moscow and
holds q greater promise Of
true agreement than the
false dawn which followed
the Geneva Conference in
1855.
The non-aggression pact,
about which we are hearing
so much now. means far more
to Russia than 1t does to
the United States. Mr.. Khru-
shchev needs this kind Of pact
to strengthen his doctrinal
position In the Communist
camp. President Kennedy by
contrast Is interested In re-
moving the actual fears and
anxieties OF divided Europe
and advancing its general Sc
curity. Peace requires much
more than a pledge OF good
intentions; but good inten-
tions can also serve the cause
Of peace.
In the State Department
there is some perplexity at
the common assumption that
dealing with the Warsaw
Pact countries would mean
or imply q form Of recogni-
ton for East Germany. AS
far as this country is con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29
Reds Lend iran
Money for Plants

TEHERAN, Iran, July 30
(AP).-The Soviet Union will
lend Iran SO 6million to build
two hydroelectric plants on the
Aras River, TO erect II grain
elevators and to breed 3.5 mil
lion sturgeon yearly, in the
Caspian Sea.
Details OF the Iarn-Soviet
economic technical assistance
agreement were released today
by Safi Asia, director Of Trans
7-year development project.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29

a contraption consisting Of
a gaSpipe cylinder, a home
made piston and a flywheel
off an old lathe.
While his nervous wife
poured raw gasoline through
a hole he spun the flywheel.
In the roar and flames that
followed his life's ambition
became clear.
He would build an auto
mobile the cheapest practi-
cal automobile on earth. An
automobile for nearly any
one. 1.-THE Universal Car"
By 1908, the year the Ford
Motor Co. was incorporated
with $4,000 capital, there
were an estimated 1900
motor panies" in
America, most of them In
barns. When Mr.. Ford's first
Model A rolled out the door,
the company bank balance
was down to $223.65. For
tunately, the cars sold we'll
from the start, and the Ford
company never went to the
lenders. It grew from Moth
ing to a giant on its own
earnings.
There were squabbles in
the board of directors. Alex
ander Malcomson, the big
gest stakeholder besides Mr..
Ford, wanted to make lux
ury cars. He left in bitter
ness. One by one other
shareholders sold out to Mr..
Ford and James Couzens for
what they considered hand
some profits. Albert Street
low sold his five per cent
of the company for $4,000.
He blew it all on a mining
venture.
Then in 1908 Mr.. Ford
brought out the Model T and
what had been a vein of
gold turned into a Golconda.
For 20 years everybody
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29

said in It's report that 2.3 mil
lion barrels of oil were shipped
to Cuba in non-Communist
vessels in the first quarter of
1868, compared with IL mil
lion barrels carried by Com
tankers.
The report also listed seven
three Greek, three
Norwegian and one Italian
tankers as having carried oil
to Cuba between January / and
June IA Of this year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29

Virginia airports, that may convince airlines
and the Federal government that the rest of
us will soon fall in line.
So mail the coupon Well send you cur
rent schedule of Friendship flights, Use 1t as
a guide in planning your trips through
Friendship.
Right now there are over l6o flights day
at Friendship giving you direct air service
to 81 cities and connecting flights to the
world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-29

The flights are at Friendship. But you
must use them . or lose them.
Evening star., 1963-05-21

SeabOard Finance in G
months ended March 81 earned
$4,OSl ,l66 or 65 cents a share
VS.. $3,168, ,406 or 48 cents in
1862 period.
A. o. Smith Corp. in 9
months ended April 80 earned
1851 asa or $1.66 a share VS.
$4,O20,lS0 or $1.87 in 1862
period.
Hoover Ball & Bearing in 9
months ended April 80 earned
So, ,40l ,029 or $2.52 a share VS..
$2,24l,526 or $1.68 in 1862
period.
PetrOlane Gas Service in IL
months ended March 81 earned
$2,120,785 or $1.29 a share VS..
$2.Ol6,079 or 20 in 1862.
Therm- O-Disc, Inc. in year
ended April 80 earned 81 ,584, 1868
or $2.05 a share VS.. $1,343, ,299
or STA in 1862.
Northwest AirIines in 4
months ended April 80 earned
$99,948 or SIS cents a share VS..
a loss of $440,924 in 1862 period.
Northeast Airlines in 3
months ended March 81 had a
loss of $407.000 VS.. a loss of
1888, 900 in 1862 period.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
BY CHARLES COVELL
Star staff Writer

The Virginia Savings and
Loan Association, which has
been operating at Springfield
since November l8, 1860, today
announced the opening Friday
Of its first branch office.
The office will be in the
University Shopping Center at
Fairfax. William Zollman, Fair
fax city manager. will partici-
pate in the opening ceremonies
at 9 am.
The association was organ
lied April 80. 1859, and Rich
ard S. Lawton, executive vice
president and managing Of
ficer, said its assets have grown
to more than $3,8O0,OO0. Gus
toners exceed 5000. William
H. Leachman is chairman o1
the board and Edwin Lynch
president.
The branch will be managed
by Douglas w. Foard, who
Joined the association last jan
uary and has been assistant to
Mr.. Lawton. He is the former
assistant general manager Of
Lynch Brothers, Inc, OF
Springfield and a graduate oi
Randolph Macon College.
Evening star., 1963-05-21

C. j. Mack, vice president
and general manager of the
Mayflower Hotel. left today for
Oslo. Norway. where he will
attend a meeting of the Inter-
national Hotel Association.
Mr.. Mack, former president
and board chairman of the
American Hotel Association
will attend the convention as
a vice president of the Inter-
national Hotel Association.
After the sessions, Mr.. Mack
will visit Stockholm, Copen.
hagen, Dusseldorf, Amsterdam
and London on behalf of the
United States Travel Service.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
land now something blue!

scribers leave the hospital, they have to pay
little ]. often nothing for the hospital care
they needed. And there's no red tape because
in most cases Blue Cross pays participating
hospitals directly.
Send for free booklet today
To help pay doctor bills you should have the
added protection Of Medical Service of D. C.
blue ShieldD. More than 2,7O0 participating
physicians in the Washington, d. c. area accept
Blue Shield allowances as payment in full for
surgery and anesthesia for subscribers whose
incomes do not exceed specified levels.
Shouldn't you add something blue" TO your
family's protection? Mail the handy coupon for
the free booklet which gives full details Or call
Republic 7-4500 between and 5. The time TO
get this valuable protection is before not after
you need it.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
BUSINESS BRIEFS

Short Interest on May IS to.
tailed 5,796,618 shares, down
225.647 from April is and the
lowest since January l5.-N. Y
Stock Exchange.
Du POnt Co. reduced the price
of Dacron textile filament yarns
by 8 per cent in a move to
broaden the use and applica-
ton of the material. = Dow
Jones.
Interstate Power Co. set a
subscription price of $24.75 a
share on It's 132,294 share
rights offering of common
stock. The subscription rate Is
one new share for each 26
shares held at $3.50 pm, May
90. Dow Jones.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
Southern Railway
To Open Bond Bids

Southern Railway Co. will
open bids June 4 on a $50 mil
lion first and general mortgage
bond issue due June /. 1888.
The proceeds would be used
to acquire Central of Georgia
Railway Co.. to retire a bond
issue Of Atlanta & Charlotte
Air Line Railway Co., due No
vember /. ard for capital pur-
poses.
The bond issue is nonrefund-
able before June /, 1878. and
provides for annual sinking
funds Of 2 per cent or 81 mil
Evening star., 1963-05-21
Virginia SCI Opens
First Branch Fridoy

lion a year from June /, 1864
to June /, 1867.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
High Auto Output Rute
Cut by Ford Strike

DETROIT CAP) The auto
industry's drive towards a pos
sible record production year
was sidetracked at least tenn
porarily-by a Ford labor dis
pute which cut 4,50O cars out
OF that firms production last
week
Auto output dropped TO 1884,
lSS for the week, or about
per cent below the years
weekly high level OF l7O,43s cars
set In the week ending May II.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
Of People
Language Director Named

Donald Dubois, formerly manager of
the Special Projects staff of the Auto
nation Division of U. S. Industries, Inc,
has been appointed director of the Re-
search and Development Division Of
English Language Services, Inc. DR..
Dubois also has been technical adviser
to the director of personnel procure
ment and training at Air Force Head
quarters here and before that was dean
of freshmen at Kenyon College.
Evening star., 1963-05-21

~ do" marks the start of whole new way of
life-and new responsibilities This includes the
need for family protection against the rising
cost of todays better hospital and medical care.
Why care means more than cash
That's where Blue Cross and Blue Shield can
bring added peace of mind. So, if you do not
have the protection of these plans, be sure to
apply now. And il you are already enrolled, be
sure to apply promptly for family coverage that
will also protect your wife or husband.
With the valuable protection Of Group Hos
pitalization, Inc. blue Cross there's no fixed
dollar limit for most covered hospital services.
Instead Service Benefits" assure you Of the
care you need to get well regardless Of the
hospitals charges.
For this reason, when most Blue Cross sub.
Evening star., 1963-05-21
Firm Names GIN
Marketing AGENCY

Micronia Amplifier Corp. of
Port Washington, N. Y, has
named GIN Associates, Inc,
of Arlington, as marketing
management agency.
GIN will perform all mar
keting functions for the COM
pany, including advertising,
public relations and sales pro-
grams. Micronia Amplifier
Corp. produces a line Of digital
Ielectrometers, microvoltmeters
an admittance neutralizer and
a new nc transformer