davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-12-29

President Kennedy mean for the
Republican Party in the 1864
presidential election?
A. I would say that, first, the
press and people generally see too
much political significance in a
given event.
Last February, everybody" was
saying that Gov. Rockefeller had
the nomination in the bag. Then
after the event in May, there was
a great change of appraisal.
Likewise, last October and early
November everybody" was saying
that Senator Goldwater had the
nomination in the bag.
Now, after President Kennedy's
death, everybody" is saying just
the reverse. I frankly don't agree
with any Of these things. I don't
think a single event makes that
much difference in the long run
unless 1t occurs very close to the
convention.
What the Republicans should
be doing is attempting to find the
person who would not only make
the best candidate but would be
the best President, no matter
what events take place.
The Presidency is the most
important job in the world, the
most burdensome and, at the
same time, gives the greatest
opportunity. I suppose, to any
living individual. 1t is very impor-
tant to have an individual who is
well rounded, sound, has a lot of
common sense, does not get dis
turbed and emotionally upset by
Evening star., 1963-12-29

very important to our national
defense. If you are talking about
economic aid, I think all OF US
have questions about it. When I
was in Congress, took major
exception to some of the Latin
American programs. I felt very
strongly that they were not used
where they should be, among the
people who were underprivileged.
Tex Deduction
@. The Democratic admins
tration says both tax reduction
and a large budget are needed to
keep the economy stimulated and
growing. Do you agree?
A. doubt that anybody would
deny that a tax cut at any time
would be a Stimulant to business.
But if you do have SiZable tax
cut and create an enormous
deficit and don't cut costs, it
seems to me the result is the
beginning of an inflationary spiral
again.
We would probably handle a
Sizable tax cut without cutting
expenditures and have it be a
boon to the economy for a short
time. But a series of Sizable defi-
citS undoubtedly would start
initiation and I think that would
be unfortunate.
@. Do you expect our Cuban
policy to be an issue in the 1864
campaign?
A. Yes, would assume it would
be.
@. Do you see grounds now for
criticizing the Democratic admin
istration's handling of the prob
lem?
A. OF course, everybody can go
back and talk about the past, that
is not very hard, and I assume a
lot of people will.
For the future, there are two
main things to watch concerning
Cuba. One is the installation of
military equipment which Is
major infringement or deterrent
to our defense. The second is the
use of Cuba as a center for infil-
tration and subverSive activity OF
a Communist nature in Latin
America. I felt very strongly in
the spring of 1862 that SubverSive
activity coming from Cuba was OF
such a nature that we should take
very strong actions-an embargo
or blockade. I am still keyed up
about the potential and presently
active subverSion coming from
Cuba.
Copyright 1868 by the Detroit News,
Newark News, St. Louis PoSt-Dispatch,
and Washington Star.
Evening star., 1963-12-29

ecutives, who receive salaries sew
eral times the size Of those Of
these Federal regulatory officials,
have testified before congressional
committees that the Federal Gov
ernment should pay for develop
ing supersonic commercial
transport plane because the Fed
eral Government can afford 1t
and the airlines can't. There are
many other examples Of this atti-
tude that the Federal Government
can afford anything new or excit-
ing. particularly If it is a proposal
that has political appeal, but that
it can't afford to do its existing.
non-glamorous tasks with ade-
quate budgets or adequate pay
scales for those in charge.
We should cut the suit to fit
the cloth when we decide on total
Federal spending, but we should
not kid ourselves into thinking we
can have the services and the pro-
grams without paying for them.
Instead we should limit our
Federal commitments to what we
can afford to pay for and then
provide the money to see that
those programs are carried out
with adequate space, adequate
personnel and level Of compen-
sation reasonably comparable
with private industry.
In the squeeze that now takes
place the Federal executive is oft
en- called on to perform Hercu-
lean task. But he has the satiSfac-
ton of being part Of a dedicated,
highly professional group that can
take justifiable pride in its public
service
Evening star., 1963-12-29

Following Is the transcript Of
an ON THE RECORD interview
with Gov. Scranton Of Pennsyl-
vania. News story on Page Al.
@. Gov. Scranton, you have said
you are willing to accept a "Fa-
vorite Son" designation at the
1864 convention. Is that right?
A. Under certain provisions.
One is that, if by the time we
elect our delegation, there isn't a
runaway situation for the PreSi-
dency. Secondly, if the delegation
wanted me to do this.
@. You have also said that you
would be willing to accept an
honest, genuine draft for the
nomination, if such a thing
exists?
A. That is right.
@. You are now considering
Gen. Eisenhower'S request to
possibly become an active candi-
date?
A. That is not precisely what he
asked me to do. He said he
thought I ought to give good
deal of thought to the whole
situation and the possibility of
becoming a candidate. This was
after he had stated that he knew
that I did not want to do this. I
answered by saying that I would
give further deep thought but
doubted that this would create
any other conclusion.
@. What if persons in other
States seek support on your be-
half for the presidential nomina-
ton?
A. We have not done anything
but discourage such persons. I
have told them all that I was not
a candidate and did not want
any effort made in my behalf
and, so far as I know, none Is
UClIlS 1IldOCs
@. Will that continue to be the
policy?
A. Unless there is some change
in my thinking as a result of what
the General has asked me to do.
Oregon Primary
@. What will you do If your
name Is entered in the Oregon
primary?
A. I am not familiar with the
exact law there. I understand I
have to sign a statement saying
that under no circumstances
would accept the nomination or
something of this sort.
That would be hard for me to
do because I have stated I would
accept the nomination If there
were a sincere draft.
@. What does the death of
Evening star., 1963-12-29
Workers and Spoce

ence just 10 print up tnlS part OF
the testimony.
Workers and Space
New duties are piled on Govern
ment enforcement and regulatory
agencies without new workers
being authorized and without
adequate space being authorized.
The Food and Drug Aministra-
ton has Jurisdiction over products
which account for 80 cents out of
every dollar spent by the Ameri-
can consumer. Any one food
tuna. for example) or any one
drug thalidomide, for example)
produced by any one manufacturer
may call into action FDA's total
resources. Yet much of their most
important laboratory research is
performed in the ub-baSement of
converted garage here.
My point is that we are penny
pinching on vital but unglamorous
functions of Government. We are
all for economy. I, myself, am a
firm believer in a balanced budget
in times Of peace and prosperity.
such as the present. But with
the enormous commitments for
defense. space, grant-in-aid pro-
grams. foreign aid, interest on the
national debt and the like, there
is an unhealthy squeeze on the
budgets of conventional Govern
ment activities which must have
funds for keeping up with in
creased population and increased
work load.
The Defense Department
spends about $3.50 million a day.
We all want a defense position
second to none. But we should not
Evening star., 1963-12-29
Expanded Work Lood

World trade and travel has ex-
panded almost four times in the
last 20 years without any CORE
spending increase in customs en-
forcement personnel. The Bureau
of Customs and every group
which has inquired into this prob
lem has consistently urged an
increase in Customs enforcement
and investigative personnel.
For an incredible example Of
triviality or penny-pinching in
action. refer you to the printed
report of the 1868 House ap-
preparation hearings for the civil
division of the Justice Depart
ment. Twenty-nine additional
positions were requested. There is
a whole series of questions from
committee members about wheth-
er the salary for a GS-12 is STATS
or $9,485. 1t must have cost many
times more than this $40 differ
Evening star., 1963-12-29
Federal Economy Yes.
Penny Pinching, No!

merely an engaging elf-decep-
ton, it in fact tears away at
respect for law and Govern
ment, the joint creations of peo-
pie for their own good, and ag-
grandizes the private company
as somehow superior both in
aim and practice"
I was a senior officer for eight
years of a giant life insurance
company which is the third larg-
est corporation in the world-a
fine, well run, progressive COM
pany.
And yet I can state unequivo-
cally that I have never been sur
rounded with such talent as I was
while serving in the Federal Gov
ernment. Every day worked with
Federal executives who demon
strated superb imagination, ener-
gy. good judgment and practical
idealism.
And they had a further advan-
tage over management and pro-
feSSional personnel in many other
large organizations: a sense Of
humor.
With few exceptions, the FEEDER
al executive sees himself in con-
text with the great complicated
world we live in, he has a lively
interest in new ideas and in wider
horizons-and he does not take
himself too seriously.
Low of Triviolity
There is a second Parkinson law
which has an important bearing
on the problems of the Federal
Government. 1t Is the Law Of
Triviality. 1t might also be called
the law of Penny Wise and Pound
Foolish. 1t is illustrated by the un-
willingness Of Congress, while ap-
propriating billions for certain
glamorous and highly publicized
Government programs, to allow
sufficient money for carrying out
vital but conventional and un-
glamorous responsibilities Of Gov
ernment. particularly in the law
enforcement and regulatory field.
In Federal spending, billions are
authorized for defense. space,
foreign aid, and for new highly
publicized programs. In Septem-
Der 1868, the House even voted
S190 million for a fallout shelter
construction program. But when
the established, traditional func-
tions of Government come up for
their budget hearings, the penny
pinching sets in with a vengeance.
Here is an illustration:
Everyone obviously is against
drug addiction. Nearly everyone
says why don't we do more about
it. No one denies that almost all
Of the Illicit narcotics used in this
country are smuggled In from
foreign countries. Prevention of
smuggling, including narcotics
smuggling, Is the function Of the
Bureau of Customs and of that
Bureau alone. No other Govern
ment agency shares the RESPONSE
bility for controlling smuggling.
For IA of the last Is years the
Bureau of Customs has requested
additional enforcement personnel
citing, among other reasons, the
specific problem Of narcotic snug
Cling. What happened to these re-
quests? With the exception of one
Evening star., 1963-12-29

token increase of 81 officers, the
bureaus requests have been denied
every year and, instead, reduc-
tionS have been made.
AS a result, comparing the bu-
reau's manpower today with the
volume of export and import tram
sactions it is required to handle, it
doesn't have one-fourth Of the
manpower it had Is years ago.
This means that Customs, with
the full responsibility for prevent
ing smuggling of narcotics, is like
a man with a short blanket. To
keep the head warm it must ex-
pose the feet.
Evening star., 1963-12-29

government that a great many
people, including myself, decry.
What is the answer? You would
have to have a readjustment of
the whole revenue situation. You
could arrange it so that the in
come tax and inheritance tax
revenues would be the prerogative
OF the Federal Government; that
sales and excise taxeS-with the
exception Of import and export
dutieS-would be the prerogative
OF the State government, and that
real estate taxes be the preroga-
tive of the local government.
About $13 billion of revenues to
the Federal Government comes
from cigarette, gasoline and other
excise taxes. Transferring these
would produce $13 billion more for
the States.
Can this be done? I happen to
believe it can, if there is an ar
dent effort.
@. What functions would the
State be able to take back from
the Federal Government?
A. I think we could do a great
deal more in the housing field
and in urban renewal. I think we
could do a great deal more about
solving the unemployment prob
lem, on pinpointing basis rather
than by the proliferation of Fed
eral work projects.
@. What do you mean by a
pinpointed attack on unemploy-
ment problems?
A. In a prosperous national
economic condition, it is my
contention that State and local
governments can do a better job,
working with private enterprise,
in helping areas of consistent and
substantial unemployment provid-
ed they have the revenues, than
the Federal Government.
AS I look at our State, find no
problem common to all the areas
of unemployment. I think you
solve the problems more effective
ly and much less extensively by
analyzing each particular city and
the source of its unemployment
and then attacking the problem
on that basis. They don't do that
in the Federal Government.
Opinion on Civil Rights
@. Can the States be primarily
responsible in the area of civil
rights?
A. Pennsylvania is about as
modern as most States in all the
major fields of civil rights. But
the problem of civil rights can't
Evening star., 1963-12-29

Secondly, I don't have political
ambitions. I did not mean to
make this a career.
Thirdly. I have four children in
the formative years, from 9 to 18
years Of age. They are no longer
babies, yet they are not grown
and married. Constantly being
without father affects them and
it certainly affects me.
Last but not least, I have what
think is very important job
now.
How About q Deadlock?
@. Are you available if there is
a deadlock on the convention
floor?
A. I suppose so, although I
think deadlockS, in the old sense
Of the word, do not occur any
more. 1t is highly unlikely that
someone who has not been conSid-
cred up to the time of the conven-
ton would come out of it as the
presidential nominee.
@. What would it take to bring
you into the open as a candidate?
A. I have told you that in view
of President EiSenhower's suggeS-
ton, will give some more deep
thought to it. At this juncture,
just off the top of my head, I
can't think of any series of cir
cumStanceS that would do this.
@. Do you think the Republican
Convention should necessarily
nominate the person who wins
most or all of the primaries?
A. No. AS you know, situations
change from the primaries to the
convention, and we have certainly
had them changing in the last
year.
Federol VS.. State Roles
@. AS a former Congressman,
now a Governor, do you think the
Federal Government is doing too
much or too little for the States?
A. hesitate to oversimplify the
matter, but one of the basic
problems in the Federal State
local relationship revolves around
the tax revenue system.
The Federal Government now
receives about 70 cents of every
tax dollar. The States receive
about II cents. The remainder
goes to local government. Now
with only II cents, the State
governments cannot do the job
that a lot of people, I for one,
want them to do. AS long as this
revenue system continues, you will
continue to have Capitalization of
Evening star., 1963-12-29

be handled on a State basis alone.
That is why I have supported in
general the efforts now being
made in Congress. I approve of
the objectives of every title of the
bill.
@. What about the public ac-
commodationS field?
A. I would say the same thing
to you. I think the Federal Gov
ernment should take action in
this field.
@. Do you have any criticism to
make of the Democratic admins
tration's handling of the civil
rights question?
A. First of all, I think they
waited a long time to come up
with the bill they finally came up
with this summer. After all, they
said this during the whole 1860
campaign and then didn't do
anything about it until the sum-
mer of 1868.
Secondly, some of the hypocrisy
irritateS me. For example, all of
this big play to have everyone
sign a discharge petition in the
House on a given Monday. Anyone
who knew anything about House
procedure knew that even if all of
the 218 signed that day, the bill
would not come up for a vote
until the 23d of December when
everybody expected to be on
vacation. I consider this complete
hypocrisy.
Effort in Wet Nam
@. Would you be willing to
discuss your views on the war in
Wet Nam and the level of effort
that the United States is making
there?
A. think that once we are
satisfied the new government of
Wet Nam is a responsible one and
can carry on the war against the
Wet Cong we should step up our
support.
@. Might this call for the injec-
ton of more troops?
A. 1 don't know. I counldn't
answer that question because
have not been getting intelligence
reports.
o. believe you supported
foreign aid appropriations as a
member of the House?
A. Yes, did.
@. Do you think the time is
coming when we can stop spend
ing money on this program?
A. I don't think anyone feels
the time is coming when we can
stop it completely. The military
aid to some of these countries is
Evening star., 1963-12-29

some reason, there is an irrational
belief in many quarters that any
increase in Federal Government
stating comes from sinister
causes.
In the fiscal year ending June
80, 1868, if Federal civilian en-
ployment had increased at the
same rate as employment by State
and local governments it would
have gone up by 100000. In fact,
it grew by only $500.
And yet people who have
responsibility for making the Fed
eral Government function must
face up to the fact that steady in
creases in work load cannot be
absorbed without stating adjust
ments.
Automatic Increases
As President Eisenhower said in
his 1860 budget message to Con-
gresS:
I'VE must not forget that a
rapidly growing population
creates virtually automatic in
creases in many Federal re-
sponsibilities."
Here are some examples of
what President Eisenhower was
talking about: Between the fiscal
years 1862 and 1864, the number
Of veterans or survivors receiving
pensions will rise by IL per cent;
the volume of mail will grow 64
per cent; aircraft landings and
takeoffS at airports with Federal
towers will go up by IL per cent:
beneficiarieS under the social
security program will increase by
is per cent; the number of pat
entS granted will rise by II per
cent; and passports issued will in
crease by 81 per cent.
OF the 2.5 million Federal civil
ian employees, l million are en-
ployed by the Defense Depart
ment, about 100000 by the Post
Office (there were 10000 postal
employees in 1890 to handle one
sixteenth as much mail as now
and about 175.000 by the Veter-
ans Administration. Everything
else that the Federal Government
does is accomplished by 100000
employes-fewer than are en-
ployed in the telephone industry!
Hand in hand with the unjuSti-
fled charges about stating the
Federal Government go equally
untrue charges that Government
personnel are just easy-going bu-
reaucrats who don't work as hard
or as well as people in private in
dustry or private professional life.
That attitude is just 1000 per
cent wrong.
Bureaucracy Choree
w. H. Ferry, director Of the
Center for the Study Of Demo-
cratic Institutions, has said:
"A cherished corporate legend
is that governmental bureaucra-
cy is inefficient. full of feather
bedding dullards. and tends
toward venality; while the bu-
reaucracy Of the large company
comprises high-minded and
overworked gentlemen, whose
eyes are on a brighter star.
This line is one of the main
strands of the political irrespon-
sibility of corporations. Though
it might at first glance seem
Evening star., 1963-12-29
ByJ. EDWARD DAY

Professor Parkinson's Law cites
the alleged tendency Of paper work
organizations to keep growing
needleSSly and to manufacture
more paper work to keep the
enlarged organizations busy.
Editorial writers and Chamber
Of Commerce speakers love to cite
Evening star., 1963-12-29

insurance executive, is now
practicing law in Washington.
this to deride and scoff at the
Federal Government estab-
lishment. According to them, the
size Of the Federal payroll is in
creasing by leaps and bounds.
These speeches and editorials
claiming that the total number of
Federal employees is getting COM
pletely out Of hand have been re-
peated so many times they have
been accepted as gospel. With the
charges about supposedly inflated
payrolls go companion charges
that a huge number Of Federal
employees are unnecessary, that
Federal employees do not work
very hard, and that the level of
competence, dedication and per-
formance among Federal person.
mel is lower than in the private
sphere.
These are unfair and untrue
charges which undermine the
proud status of the Federal pro-
feSsional career.
While total Federal employment
has had minor ups and downs in
the last 20 years, the fact is that
it has remained amazingly stable
despite huge growth in population
and economic activity and despite
a resulting incredible increase in
work load.
There are, in fact, fewer Fed
eral civilian employees today than
there were in 1953-or even than
there were in 1946, after World
War II had been over for q year.
Not only has Federal civilian en-
ployment actually gone down in
total numbers as compared with
1853 and 1946, but the relation to
total population has gone down in
an even more startling way.
Federal Figures
In 1916. 10 people out of every
1000 were civilian employees of the
Federal Government. In 1858 the
figure was II out Of a 1000. To-
day the figure is only 13 out Of
a 1000.
Many Of those who talk, quite
inaccurately, about a big in
crease in Federal employment like
to say that the trouble is that not
enough Government functions are
turned over to the States and to
local governments. But let us see
what has been happening to these
other levels Of government.
Between 1946 and 1868, when
Federal employment went down,
employment by State and local
governments went up by 3.5 mil
lion people. Population and eco
nomic growth has forced immense
increases in State and local gov
ernment employment. But for
Evening star., 1963-12-29

let normal civilian functions of the
Federal Government be Strangled
in the process.
Nom defense Federal expendi-
lures are now per cent lower, in
relation to gross national product,
than they were rs years ago.
Victory for Virtue
Too many people seem to think
it kind of victory for the forces
of virtue if the funds that the
Federal Government needs to do
its work are cut.
Too often. moreover, the cuts
are made in the everyday, un-
dramatic, but enormously vital,
domestic program.
Another example Of Federal
penny -pinching is the low level of
pay for top appointive officials
Cabinet members get SIS 1000, as
sistant secretaries, often heading
huge bureaus, and members of
key regulatory commissions, such
as the Interstate Commerce Com
mission and the Civil Aeronautics
Board, get $4,000. In contrast,
over 900 State governors, mayors,
city managers and administrators,
State court judges and officials
of public authorities" receive
salaries exceeding $25,000.
The difficulty Of recruiting and
keeping topflight talent for key
Federal regulatory posts is high
lighted by this example: OF the %
Civil Aeronautics Board members
who served prior to the present
incumbents, fewer than one-third
served to the end of their appoint
ed six-year terms.
Rather ironically, top airline ex-
Evening star., 1963-12-29

Mr.. Day, who has been Post
master General Of the United
States, Insurance Commits
siOner Of Illinois, and a top life
insurance executive, is now
praeticing law In Washington.
Evening star., 1963-12-29

ence just to print up this part of
the testimony.