davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
FIag-Bedecked Battle Map Marks
Dropping Of Segregation Barriers

hiring was put into effect.
The owner Of a theater chain
operating In four States not on
ly desegregated his theaters but
organized meetings of business
men in two communities to get
cooperation from other local
industries.
Map Is Encouraging
In Florida, a restaurant chain
owner reported he had desegre-
gated his restaurants in six
cities and was planning similar
action in six others.
From the Attorney General
down, Justice Department Of
ficials look at their map with
considerable satisfaction. To
them, it means more than evil
dence their work as catalyst,
coordinator and supporter Of
local efforts is paying off.
AS one Justice official put
1t, THE map shows the South
Is not a solid bastion Of seere-
cation. There are many places
In the South where the people
are willing to make progress
and this map is an encouraging
reflection Of that willingness"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Anti-Bius Check
Shows Builders
Observe Rules

The District Commissioners
have received the preliminary
results Of a spot check to de-
termine whether the anti-dis-
elimination clause in city con-
tracts is being complied with.
James A. Blaser, director Of
the Department Of Buildings
and Grounds. said yesterday
that a check Of the workers
employed in building the near
~ completed Evans Junior
High School showed that Of
los employees, IS were Negroes.
Mr.. Blaserr said that the
Evans school. $500 East Capt.
tol street, was one Of Is major
construction jobs checked by
his department under o new
policy adopted by the Commits
sioners to make certain that
city government construction
Jobs are open to all workers
regardless Of race.
The results Of the other
checks have not been tabu-
lated yet. Mr.. Blaser said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
By the Associated Press


Racial violence continued to
flare in both the North and the
South last night.
In oxford, N. c., several
hundred Negroes and whites
rioted with at least one man
being slashed with a knife and
five white youths arrested.
Despite all the precautions
We had taken" said Mayor T.
c. Jordan. they managed to
get together"
Mr.. Jordan. anticipating
trouble for the fourth night in
a row. had called in so riot
trained State troopers to join
his i5-man local force and four
sheriff's deputies.
The white youths arrested
were charged with engaging in
an affray, assault and carrying
concealed weapons.
More than 100 officers closed
down town streets In Fayette-
vile. N. c., last night In an
strife.
Negro leaders later an
nounced a weekend truce in
the protests, but promised to
resume them Monday.
Earlier more than 100 youth
full Negroes, working in teams
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

streets and sidewalks without
q parade permit.
The council said that since 1t
was for a professional of silent
mourners walking afoot at a
time when it would not disrupt
traffic, the permit would be
granted.
Mr.. wilkins announced at
the funeral that Mr.. Evers will
be continued on the NAACP
payroll for an indefinite period
so that his wife and three small
children would have an income.
He also said q scholarship
fund has been established for
the children and that q check
for $4,000 was received today
from the American Council Of
Churches and $1,000 from the
United Auto Workers.
Mr.. wilkins also said that a
Medgar Evers Freedom Fund
will be established with the
proceeds to 60 to freedom work
primarily in the South and
particularly in Mississippi.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

The map makes q behind
the contrast with the
news. For instance. demon
strators marched yesterday in
defiance Of new ordinances in
Danville, Va. but elsewhere in
Virginia, % flags dot the map.
And in Cambridge, Md. troops
have been called in as the
aftermath Of rioting but else
where in Maryland, seven
flags have been added to the
map since May %.
The reporting businessmen
are dealing with cities Of more
than 10000 population. In adj
dition to their report Of 169
cities where desegregation is
Immediately possible or UNDER
way since May %. they gave
this assessment Of the prospects
Of voluntary desegregation:
In 40 cities, degeneration can
be accomplished If business
groups act together. rather
than individually.
In IS cities, desegregation
faces built-in problems-like an
adarnant mayor or an agrees
sive white citizens council.
on the other hand, the Just
ice Department found civic
machinery active in so cities to
work toward desegregation.
This could be the official APP
pointment Of q bi-racial group
or some positive action by an
existing but previously ineffec-
tive bi-racial committee.
Presidents Aid Stressed
Justice Department officials
are not claiming that the meet
ings with businessmen or the
Presidents speech Of last week
alone are responsible for the
stepped-up tempo of deseerega-
ton. They are aware that the
businessmen might have been
influenced to some extent BY
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

The Staying has enraged the
Negro community.
Violence Threatened
Negro leaders are still find
ing 1t difficult to get large
numbers Of people for nom
violent demonstrations. But the
Negro in Jackson is seething.
He may not march a block
down the street peacefully into
a police paddy wagon--which
Is about all the farther the
marchers have been getting
lately-but there are plenty
threatening to do more vio-
lent things,
The police, who had the
breaking-up of demonstrations
down to a science, are getting
more edgy, too. Last Thursday.
they charged onto the porch Of
q private home and hauled off
some spectators because they
were chanting and yelling
while police were loading DEM
onstration marchers into trucks
out in the street.
A Negro can't walk the streets
downtown wearing q T-shirt
labeled "NAACP" without fac
ing possible arrest, and II he's
carrying a flag-a symbol Of
the jackson marchers--he faces
almost certain arrest. The
charge is parading without a
permit.
Negro leaders declare the
demonstrations will continue.
While they haven't been able
to get as many demonstrators
as they would like, they are
more determined than ever now
that the goals Mr.. Evers sought
will be achieved.
City officials are just as
adamant that every demon
Stration will be nipped in the
bud and that Jackson's segre-
gated system will be preserved.
"Well Die First"
Mayor Allen Thompson, who
fairly drips with Southern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
De GuuIIe Sees
NATO Essential

PolTIERs. France. June IS
(AP) President de oaulle to-
day praised the Atlantic Alli-
anee as indispensable" for the
preservation OF the free world.
The president hailed the
North Atlantic Treaty In the
course OF q speech as he neared
the end OF his four-day stump
Ing tour OF western France.
He said one OF the chief
aims OF French policy Ia peace,
adding that this requires a
strong nation equipped with
modern arms. He continued:
France has allies and wants
10 keep its allies and participate
with them In the great en-
semble called the Atlantic AL
lance which is indispensable
TO keep the free world free"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
BY PAUL HOPE
star staff Writer

JACKSON, Miss, June l5.-
Slaves built Jackson's beautiful,
white-colurnned city hall 1l6
years ago. At its doors today
are their Observation-Disclosures
asking for equality.
Not far from city hall is the
Governors Mansion, another
magnificent, white columned
structure-the residence Of Gov.
Ross Barnett, an apostle Of
white supremacy.
A block from the Governors
Mansion is the State Capitol,
where a statue Of the late Sem
ator Theodore Gilmore Bilbo, a
fiery racist, is the first thing to
greet the visitor as he enters.
Across the street from the
Governors Mansion is the
headquarters of the Citizens
Councils, probably the most
potent force In Mississippi poll.
tics today.
jackson is the Deep South.
The doors. especially the front
ones. don't open easily to Me-
groes.
Here the white residents are
trying to preserve a way Of
life that calls for rigid sep.
aration Of the races--a system
in which the Negro is assigned
to an inferior status.
Ripe for Explosion
That's the way it's been for
$50 years. That's the way the
white people like it, and that's
the way they want to keep Il.
For $50 years the Negro in
jackson has gone along with
the system. Now he is rebeling.
And what has developed In
Jackson is q situation that is
ripe for an explosion.
In Jackson there seems to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
journalism Workshop
Set for High Schools

approximately lao high
school students from the
Washington area and several
eastern states will participate
in q high school journalism
workshop starting Tuesday at
the Academy Of the Holy Cross,
Kensington, Md.
Sister M. Avelina. yearbook
moderator at Holy Cross, Is d.
rector Of the workshop. Stu
dents will hear talks by teach
ers, professional photographer
and others, and will get prac-
tice In cropping pictures, lay
out, headline writing and other
work. Sessions run from $3.50
am. TO 3 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

the demonstrations on their
doorsteps.
But officials report that the
businessmen themselves said
they were gratified at the i'm
petus and moral support they
got from the President and the
Attorney General. The bust
nessmen, 1t was reported, said
when the request for desegrega-
ton came from the President
Of the United States it carried
more impact than the same re-
quest from the president Of the
company.
In one case, it was reported
the operator Of a restaurant
chain met with the Attorney
General on May 30. When hi
returned home, he got together
with other hotel and restaurant
owners in his town and gave
them a resolution he had pre-
pared calling for immediate de-
segregation. The operators who
attended that meeting adopted
the resolution.
Other Cases Cited
The same business leader at
tended a White House session
on June 4, called another meet
ing Of his colleagues and got
more signatures for his resolu-
ton. The Texas town where
he lived had four desegregated
restaurants before the business
man went to his first meeting.
Now, more than so have deseg-
regated-or better than three
fourths Of all the restaurants
in town.
Another businessman who
went to the White House
promptly desegFegated his chain
of "a variety stores In three
border States. The whites
only" signs were removed from
the store lunch counters and q
policy Of nondiscrimination in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

/ Gov. Barnett cannot succeed
himself, and three candidates
are seeking his job.
One Of them is former Gov.
j. P. Coleman, considered by
many as a moderately Mis-
sissippi standards - on the
racial issue. Not only does he
have to fight the moderate
label, but he has been tagged
also as a Kennedy man; and
among Mississippi's militant
white supremicists, Kennedy"
is a dirty word.
Others Want Supremacy
Some persons who gave Mr..
Coleman a good chance to win
not long ago are beginning to
revise their predictions.
Political observers say Mr..
Coleman has found himself in
the position of having to take
positions he would rather not
take. He bitterly denounced
President Kennedy's proposed
civil rights legislation in q
speech last week and said Mis-
sissippi should not even bother
to send delegates to the Nation
al Democratic Convention.
Also a candidate for Cover
nor is 1t. Gov. Paul B. John
son, who stood in the door at
last fall to try to bar Negro
the University Of Mississippi
student James Meredith. The
other is States Fighter Charles
L. Sullivan.
So far as the presidential
election is concerned, Mississippi
seems headed toward the "un-
pledged electors" camp, which
means the presidential electors
would be free to vote for whom
ever they wanted for President.
Mr.. Hollis said that Senator
Goldwater, IF he says and
does the right things" from
now until election time, would
have a good chance to pick UP
several Southern States. II he
is the Republican nominee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

charm, calls Jackson 1.-THE
closest place to heaven" The
Negroes wish the mayor would
open the pearly gates to them.
Mayor Thompson told a
group Of Negro leaders, most
of them ministers, that they
couldn't force the white COM
munity to do something 1t
didn't want to do.
In the council headquarters,
Lewis Hollis. executive director
of the local group, agrees with
the mayor that their side will
win the fight to maintain sep
aration of the races.
"We'll die before we sur
render" said Mr.. Hollis, who
is also executive director Of
the Citizens Councils OF Amer
lea, a federation of organiza-
tons active in several Southern
States.
Mr.. Hollis pointed out that
only two Negroes have gone
into white educational institu-
tons in Mississippi and they
went in with troops at the Uni
versity Of Mississippi.
Segregated Schools Remote
In IL States OF the old Con-
federacy, Mr.. Hollis said, since
the 1854 school desegregation
decision of the Supreme Court,
only four-tenths of l per cent
of all Negro children are at
desegregated schools.
At that rate, he said, 1t would
take 1899 years to have all Of
them in desegregated schools, L"
and 1t will take longer than
that in Mississippi"
The racial demonstrations
sweeping the country seem to
be giving the States Rights
and white supremicists a boost
politically in Mississippi.
w. J. Simmons, chief spokes-
man for the citizens councils,
probably has as much influence
over Gov. Barnett as anyone.
In fact. many say Mr.. Sim
mons is the power behind the
Governors chair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Staying UNTEs NEGROES 81
Settling Jackson Has No Middle Ground

no middle ground. Unlike Bir-
mingham, Ala, there are few
moderates on the racial issue
and apparently none occupying
positions Of influence. A white
sympathizer with the Negro
cause got his head split open
with a police club the other day.
A white man who pulled a
Negro off a lunch counter and
stood and kicked him In the
head was named by q candi-
date for Governor as an ad-
wiser on race relations because
he knew "how to handle the
racial problem"
In Birmingham. members Of
the business community were
ready to negotiate with Negroes
when the city government was
not. In jackson, the white
supramacists have solid backing
from the economic structure.
Hard Nut to Crack"
Against this unyielding atti-
tude is arrayed the Negro lead
ership which frankly admits
Jackson lis going to be a hard
nut to crack"
Negroes started non-violent
demonstrations several weeks
ago to try to break down racial
barriers in eating places, en-
ployment and public facilities.
City officials, backed by ordi-
nanceS aimed at racial demon.
STATIONS, had nearly broken
the back Of the Negro move
ment until a few days ago.
Hundreds Of Negroes had
been jailed. The leaders were
having a hard time getting
demonstrators from among the
who have accepted
their role in the Southern way
Of life passively for so many
Then last Wednesday, the
top NAACP official Of the
State, Medgar Evers, who was
leading the Jackson demonstra-
tons, was shot to death from
ambush.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG
star staff Writer


More little flags and pins in
four colors are being added
daily to @ battle" map cover
ing half the wall Of q Justice
Department office.
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy visits the map room
often to study the spread Of the
flags and pins across the SOUTH
ern half Of the United States.
He gets daily reports on how
many flags and pins 90 on the
map.
For here Is q view Of the
progress Of voluntary desegre-
CATION across is Southern and
border States - as reported by
the affected businessmen them
selves.
The map and the reports
date from May 22-the day the
President and the Attorney
General started their series Of
private conferences with repre-
sentatives Of hotels. theaters,
retail stores and restaurants.
Progress Of Indignation
Before each conference end
ed, the businessmen were asked
to assess the situation In the
communities where their COM
panies operated the chances
Of immediate desegregation. Of
desegregation in coordination
with other local industries and
Of difficulties in accomplishing
any desegregation.
More than rs per cent Of
the businessmen have reported.
The flags on the map show
16o cities in which changes
In the racial picture have
been made or can be made
Immediately In the opinion Of
the reporting businessmen. In
i43 Of these cities. ct least
one visible act Of desegrega-
ton has been taken.
The little flags are speaking
Texas and Florida by now.
They are thick in northern
Virginia, very thin in Missis-
sippi.
The buttons-red for res
taurants, yellow for theaters,
green for lunch counters and
white for hotels-show where
some form Of deseeregation
has actually been carried out.
This could range from the
theaters where whites only"
signs have been taken down
to the hiring Of the first Ne
gro girl clerk in q variety
store.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
.EVERS
Continued From Page Al

NOueAhuCu EAOAu EaBC M
but police denied she was
bitten.
Also at hand were guns Of a
type used to fire tear gas shells,
but there were no reports Of
gas being used.
Officers grabbed the demon
strat0rs on the edge Of the
crowd and began leading them
IN paddy wagons and the
Negroes retreated down the
Stock.
The Negroes began forming
again and the crowd was get
ting larger all the time. 1t was
at this point that Mr.. Doar
made his plea that they go
home and the crowd began to
disperse.
Police reported ~ persons
were arrested.
An appeal for nom violence
ives made later tonight by Me-
gro leaders who drove through
the Negro section in q car
equipped with q public address
system. Police gave them per-
mission TO make the appeal.
Hundreds Of city police and
Kinds County deputy sheriffs
had been dispatched to the
area when the demonstration
began 10 develop.
Side Streets Sealed Off
by the time the Negroes were
about q half-block from Jack
sons main business street, they
had sealed off side streets and
the officer in charge tried to
talk the crowd into dispensing.
The mob action came with
stunning suddenness after the
jackson Negro community and
Negro leaders from over the
Nation had paid final tribute
to Mr.. Evers in an emotional
but peaceful demonstration.
The voices Of more than 1000
sang out I'VE Shall Overcome"
after q half-dozen speakers
told the sweltering mourners
overlooking the Negro Masonic
temple that Mr.. Evers has be-
come q symbol Of their move
ment and that he shall not
have died In vain"
President Kennedy sent q
telegram today to Mrs. Evers
extending his and Mrs. Ken
nedy's sympathy and praising
Mr.. Evers for the work he did
to promote equality.
There were no incidents at
the temple. Nor were there any
during the procession to the
funeral home where Mr.. Evers
body will await shipment to
Washington. d. c.. for burial
Wednesday in Arlington Gene
terry.
The funeral and tie process
sion took place In heat which
reached more than 100 degrees,
Inside the temple, perspiration
soaked the clothing Of the
mourners and scores Of news
men attending.
Mr.. Evers. Mississip pi
NAACP field secretary. was
shot from ambush last Wednes-
day. Police are still looking
for the killer.
Last night a white youth,
Martin II. MCGEE. 10, was
wounded as he drove through
the Negro section. He told po-
lice he ran out Of gas and was
riding 10 A filling station with
five friends when q bullet was
fired into the car.
The bullet struck Mr.. MCGEE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Bunche Among Mourners

The Rev. O. r. Haushton,
pastor Of a jackson church,
said that Mr.. Evers' blood "cries
from the ground saying carry
on"
Among those attending the
funeral were Or. Martin Luther
King. who led the Birmingham
(Ala0 and other demonstra-
tons; DR.. Ralph Bunche. United
Nations official; representa-
tives Of the AFL-CIO and the
United Auto Workers, and many
others prominent nationally in
the civil rights movement.
President Kennedy's telegram
TO Mrs. Evers said:
Il extend TO you and your
children my sincerest condo
lences on the tragic death OF
your husband. Although COM
forting thoughts are difficult at
a time like this, surely there
can be some solace in the resli-
zation in the justice Of the cause
for which your husband gave
his life.
Achievement Of the goals he
did so much TO promote will
enable his children and the
generations to follow TO share
fully and equally In the bene-
fits and advantages our Nation
has TO offer"
In q postscript he said. Mrs.
Kennedy joins me In rendering
her deepest sympathy"
The City Council granted the
parade permit for the process
sion on the request Of Negro
leaders. More than 900 Me-
groes have been Jailed in Jack
son during the past several
weeks for demonstrating en- the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
EVERS
Slain Leader Called Martyr;
!. Kennedy Sympathy

in the back. He was reported in
satisfactory condition in a city
hospital today.
Roy wilkins. national execu-
tive director Of the NAACP,
headed the LIST Of funeral
speakers, calling Mr.. Evers "a
martyr in the crusade for HUI
man liberty"
Mr.. wilkins declared that the
Southern political system" was
behind the rifle that killed Mr..
Evers in the driveway Of his
home.
THE bullet that tore away
his life four days ago tore away
at the system and helped to
signal its end" he said. He
called Mr.. Evers a symbol of
our victory and Of their defeat"
THE opposition has been re-
duced to clubs, guns, hoses,
dogs, garbage trucks and hog
wire compounds obviously
nothing can stop the drive for
freedom. It will not cease here
or elsewhere. After 100 years
of waiting and suffering, we
are determined. in the language
Of NEGRO author) James Bald
win, not upon q bigger cage,
but upon no cage at all"
Most Of the mourners were
dressed in black, many Of them
with q separate piece Of black
velvet pinned to their clothing.
The Negro leadership has asked
for q 30-day period Of mourn
ing and the wearing Of mourn
ing cloth.
Another speaker, T. M. r.
Howard. an NAACP official
from Chicago and q former
Mississippi resident, said the
Negroes "for 100 years have
turned our cheeks and they
have hit US on the other cheek.
The neck Is getting tired"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
"We'n Die First"

Mayor Allen Thompson, who
fairly drips with Southern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-05

'Th skill and imagination to build the the key words
spoken by Mr. William France presented the annual NASCAR Award
for Engineering Excellence Motor Company Mr. France president
the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing continued Ford reflects
these qualities in the highest degree has taken the lead in presenting
Americas Engineering Image to the world"
Skill vital part Ford Motor COmpany continuing engineering program
give you with performance reliability durability comfort
and safety The achievement Of these detectives reflected the mo
successful record open competition known modern tm
IMAGINATION combined with technical competence the key building
Americas most reliable automobiles This sustained and successful effort in
every engineering manufacturing and teng-mak every Fordbmlt
better value
Among other things it the spirit and stamina Of thrifty Skies and
Americas most precisely VS engines the ruggede and
vennce Americas only teespeed all synom transmission Itmens
bodies and frames oy constructed that your rides smoothly and
quietly the toughest roads It advanced styling cleaning fveoat
body finishes and smart onged interiors protection
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-05

A PARTIAL LIST OF OTHER PERFORMANCE ACHIEVEMENTS
Indianapolis 800"
Pixies Peak Championship
PueO Durabiiy Awrdfo
is.
in aces
World Rally
worldly eting inm inter-
Golden Riverside, Calf.
BeachN win12
o zen CO.