davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-02

deeply in the Senate, in Okla
homa and in the Nation.
Senator Kerr's death
shocked me beyond expression, /"
said House Democratic Leader
Carl Albert, a fellow Oklaho-
man. Il had no idea he was
in serious danger"
1T is the most severe loss
that Oklahoma has suffered
among its public figures since
statehood.
Senator Kerr was the most
resourceful, versatile and effec-
tive man with whom have
ever worked. He is absolutely
irreplaceable."
Senator Kerr's fellow Okla
homa Senator, Democrat Mike
Monroney, said, II have lost a
warm friend and the Nation
has lost an irreplaceable lead
err"
Former Oklahoma Gov. Ray
mond Gary, who had feuded
privately with Senator Kerr
during last years campaign
and indicated he would run
against him in 1866, said: IT
have always admired Senator
Kerr because of his ability,
courage and the untiring eff
forts he would put forth to
make a success of whatever he
undertook to do"
The news Of Senator Kerr's
sudden collapse also came as a
surprise to official Washington.
Although Senator Kerr had
been in the hospital for two
weeks for treatment Of a heart
ailment, he was thought to be
on the road to recovery.
The immediate problem for
the Democratic leadership is to
consider the changes this will
make in committee assign
ments. Senator Kerr was chair
man of the new but extremely
important Committee on Aero
nautical and Space Sciences. He
was also second-ranking Demo-
crat on Finance and top-rank-
ing Democrat on Public Works
Following the death of Senator
Chavez, Senator Kerr became
Eligible to head the Public
Works Committee. But in
formed sources believe he had
intended to keep the chairman
ship of the Space Committee.
He could have done this and
have continued to act as chair
man Of a Public Works sub
committee which handled the
important rivers and harbors
bills.
Mcnamara Advances
The deaths of Senators Cha
vez and Kerr put Senator Nc
Namara Of Michigan in line to
become chairman of the full
Public Works Committee.
The three men next to Sena-
tor Kerr on the Space Com
mittee already are chairmen of
other important committees.
They are Senators Russell Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-02

continued From Page AL

Continued From Page Al
Ito create a system to satisfy so
many divergent interests. am
hopeful that at the earliest
possible time we will be able
to produce a workable, equi-
table plan Of congressional re-
districting."
He said he would submit a
bill similar to one that was
rejected last year to bar racial
discrimination in hotels and
restaurants. Last years bill
failed by one vote in the House
of Delegates.
THE principle of the equality
of all citizens under the law
is one of the foundation stones
of our American democracy.
The idea of one person receiv-
ing better treatment than an
other is abhorrent to all of
u.s." he said.
Gov. Tawes called Maryland's
1862 traffic fatality record "a
black year for Maryland"
From a 15-year low Of 461
highway deaths in 1861, Mary
land reached an all-time high
last year Of SGT.
Gimmicks Ruled Out
II think that we should begin
by admitting that we cannot
lick this problem with gim-
.micks, slogans and emotional
appeals" said Gov. Tawes in
urging passage of a bill to
establish a system of periodic
inspection of motor vehicles. He
recommended that the inspec-
lions be made in State-owned
and State-operated stations.
The Governor recommended
that the Assembly approve the
plan for expanding higher ed
ucation facilities as recon-
mended by the Curlett Com
mission.
The Curtlett plan calls for a
tri partite organization Of
higher education comprised of
the University of Maryland, a
system Of State colleges which
would be started by converting
the teachers colleges to full
fledged colleges Of arts and SCI
ences, and greater development
of community or junior col
leges.
Program Due Soon
Gov. Tawes said the State
has made significant strides"
in its. road construction pro-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-02
Program Due Soon

Gov. Tawes said the State
has made significant strides"
in its. road construction pro-
gram but there are still large
unmet needs. especially in the
urban regions.
The Governor said the State
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Not the Same Thing as determination,
1t Could Mean Three Kinds of Citizens

factories and the horse
breeders. But it built gigantic
auto plants and a huge oil
business, stimulated steel, put
millions to work on highway
construction, in garages and
filling stations. So the COM
forting conviction has arisen
that new machines, however
marvellous, eventually will
merely expand employment
opportunities.
There seems, however, to
be a difference between the
simple machine and the
thinking machine. The auto
matte elevator performs every
function of the human opera
tor except weather observa-
tons. 1t takes q lot Of clever
people to put automatic ele-
vators together and to Serv-
ice them, but nowhere near
as many as the operators who
lost their jobs.
AS far as scientists are con-
cerned, the argument is not
whether railroads need fire
men, but whether they need
engineers. The automated
railroad train is within our
present technology. The new
oil refineries are run from
consoles. The new cement
plants consist Of a couple Of
white-collar boys staring at
closed-circuit TV and pre-
siding over banks Of buttons.
Thousands Of skilled men
used to run the mills that
bored out engine cylinders.
Now the block is bored, ma
chined, perforated and pol
ished from so different
directions simultaneously-by
no one.
The fight over feather
bedding" is therefore human
and understandable. No one
wants to be phased out. But
the problem is that everyone
who commands a salary for
doing unnecessary work adds
to the cost of the commodity
produced, and thus taxes the
consuming public. The only
benefit the true featherbed-
der confers on the economy is
his own purchasing power.
Now, you have to have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09

tinue to define its detectives
today"
Mr.. Kennedy has promised to
limit spending increases but
expects Federal expenditures to
continue rising moderately.
The administration opposes a
freeze on spending.
Mr.. Kennedy specifically OPP
poses a Republican proposal to
make the second stage of the
planned tax cut contingent on
holding down the Federal debt.
Under this plan, taxes would
be cut in 1854, but the re6uc-
tons scheduled for 1865 would
be Cancelled II the met" Fed
eral debt exceeded a specified
level next June 30.
The Ford-Saunders commit
tee OF businessmen is expected
to indorse the tax bill OF the
Ways and Means Committee
without any such reservations.
Gen. Eisenhower's statement
was a milder version OF an
other Republican leaders cri-
ticism Of the Business Com
mittee Friday.
Representative Byrnes OF
Wisconsin, top-ranking Repub-
lican on the Ways and Means
Committee, released a letter
calling the business commit
tees meeting a propaganda
operation" and a run on the
Treasury"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09

Last spring before the
Senate subcommittee on
automation and employ
ment, a British-born econ
omist, Robert Theobald,
made a startling suggestion:
Let's pay people for doing
nothing.
We have, Of course, al
ready set up unemployment
allowances. But Mr.. Theo-
bald went far beyond this.
He told the Senators that
I'VE are now producing more
goods than we need and
fewer Jobs than we need"
He forecast an increased
outpouring of goods from
increasingly automated ma
chimes. So, he argued, a lot
of citizens should be paid
enough ito live in dignity"
for just sitting around.
Well, boy, there go the
copybook maXimS. There go
Early to rise" and the fable
Of the graSShopper and the
ant, and Labor omnia vim
cit" Why labor If you can
vincit lying down? Horatio
Alger and Edward Box and
Andrew Carnegie and all the
self made builders of
America who preached thrift
and diligence are twirling in
their graves. Be a hobo or a
hophead, If you like-just
get on the dole.
Yet before we ride Mr..
Theobald out of town on a
fence rail, let's weigh the
disturbing possibility that he
may have something.
The trouble seems to be
that automation is not the
same thing as mechanical
ton. When the spinning
frame was born at the end
Of the 18th century, the
weavers Of Lancashire
rioted. They assumed that
machines would destroy jobs.
But 1t didn't work out that
way at all. Mechanical spin
ming meant cheap cloth,
which vastly expanded the
market, which demanded
more workers than ever.
The automobile ruined the
carriage-makers, the harness
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Film Festival Set
At College Park

Free public showings of "a
prize-winning films will be
presented in the College Park
Municipal Building during a
three-day film festival spon-
sored by the Prince Georges
County Memorial Library.
The films, all award-winners
at last springs American Film
Festival in New York, will be
shown under the sponsorship
of the Adult Services Depart
ment of the Library. Afternoon
sessions Wednesday through
Friday will begin at 1880, eve
ming sessions on Wednesday
and Thursday will start ct 8
o'clock.
These films cover a wide
range of subjects. Titles include
Portrait Of Mexico, Dream Of
Wild Horses, Budget Flower
Arrangements, Cars in Your
Life, Friendship Seven, Pulse
of Life. Tarpon Fishing with
Ted Williams, Silkmakers Of
Japan, and This is Steel, Night
and Fog "a documentary Of
Nazi concentration camps.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Pact Opposition Held Beneficial

their testimony before a Sem
ate subcommittee shows that
nobody inside the Govern
ment has been misled by the
signing of the treaty by the
Russians. There is no ten
dency to let down the guard
Of this Nation.
VIII e Their such a trend
might have developed but for
the outspoken opposition by
leaders in Congress as we'll
as military chiefs is less i'm
portant now than the fact
that the points have been
fully reported and are i'm
bedded in the public records.
The first reaction in the
press to the signing of the
treaty was perhaps too opti-
mistic. The aura surrounding
the event was calculated to
create the impression that
the millennium in world af-
fairs was just around the
corner. Even in Britain in
1898, Prime Minister Cham
berlain himself promptly saw
the danger of such an exag-
gerated optimism and tried
to deflate it. He said to
Parliament that he hoped the
members would not misread
what he had said about
peace for our time" He
declared that he had made
this comment "in a moment
of some emotion, after a long
and exhauSting day" and
after he had driven through
miles of excited, enthusiastic,
cheering people" He added:
IT do indeed believe that
we may yet secure peace for
our time. but I never meant
to suggest that we should do
that by disarmament, until
we can induce others to dis
arm too"
Since the recent signing Of
the treaty limiting nuclear
tests, there has been time to
read the fine print, and
there are many aspects that
will continue to be discussed
long after the ratification
process is complete. But the
big answer to doubts will
come in deeds, not words.
and the important fact is
that the Government Of the
United States in all its
branches is on the alert and
will act to protect the peo-
pie. For there is no safe al
tentative to such a precau-
tionary mood or policy where
survival is at stake.
1868, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09

duce the strength Of the
South in the Senate, sweep
away the rights and powers
of the States, and increase
the trend toward a central
lied welfare state.
If President Kennedy took
this advice, he would become
the architect Of chaos. He
could bid farewell, a melan-
choly and irrevocable fare
well, to his hopes of reform.
He would be brought into IA
tai collision with the Sen
ate. He would violently es-
TRANCE powerful sections Of
opinion throughout the Ma
ton. He would plant a stub
born feud with the South.
And he would bring a curse
on the Negro movement.
For the Negro is not trying
to change the Constitution.
He is asking for equal rights
under that Constitution. He
does not want to punish the
South. He seeks to exchange
his grievances for his rights.
He has no desire to wreck
national unity. He believes
instead that he will strength
en- that unity by plucking out
an ancient evil which bred
confusion and mischief.
At the centenary ceremony
at Gettysburg, In a speech
worthy Of the place and the
occasion, Vice President
Johnson defined the purposes
of the present racial struggle
with a wisdom quite beyond
the sophistries of the New
Statesman. He said rash men
in the North are crying
now" Angry men In the
South are shouting never"
But reasonable and respon-
sible men in the North and
South know that the answer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
DAVID LAWRENCE

The treaty limiting nuclear
tests will be ratified by the
Senate. And yet the construc-
tive opposition which has
been recorded during the
Senate hearings has served a
beneficial purpose. This
sounds paradoxiCal, but the
treaty itself is a paradox
nobody knows whether it will
ever come to mean what it
says. For the unresolved
question is the good faith
of the Soviet government.
The criticism ana caution
airy words spoken lately in
debate have been registered
all over the world. But they
are most important inside
this country. For they indi-
cate that the treaty is to be
ratified with eyes wide open
and with mental reservations
that can be rendered aca-
demic only if there is good
faith on the part of the
Russians.
The military chiefs Of the
United States, despite the
way their testimony has been
CLOSED over in administra-
ton circles, remain skepti-
cal. This doubt is influenced
further by the announcement
that several leading Demo-
Gratis will vote against the
treaty-two Of them, Sena-
tors Russell of Georgia and
Stennis Of Mississippi, being
chairmen, respectively, Of the
Senate Military Affairs Com
mittee and its subcommittee
on preparedness. The mega
tive vote of other Senator'S
Eastland Of Mississippi, Rob-
ertson Of Virginia, Byrd of
West Virginia-is an addi-
tional sign that the Demo-
cratic Party is by no means
united. Senator Goldwater Of
Arizona, Republican, who has
a military background, has
also declared that he will
vote against the treaty.
For several weeks now the
treaty has received a favor
able reception and the i'm
preston has been conveyed
that it is the forerunner of
bigger things in the search
for peace. Just Is years ago
this month, another inter-
national agreement set off a
wave of applause throughout
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Labor Periodical Confuses Basic Law,
Negro Aims, and Southern Position
MAX FREEDMAN

There is a famous maya
zine in London called the
New Statesman whose name
has gone round the world. 1t
is an eXasperating magazine,
since 1t manages to combine
an admirable literary tradi-
ton with the most obstinate
political prejudices. 1t speaks
for the intellectual wing of
the British Labor Party and
is read with admiration by
thousands of students in
British universities. It has a
vast influence among the
leaders Of Asia and Africa.
The other day this eccen-
trio oracle delivered itself of
an opinion on the racial
problems of the United
States. With exquisite stu
pidity it succeeded in one
editorial in misunderstanding
the Constitution, in twisting
the aims of American Ne
groes, and in confirming the
ugliest fears of the South.
Judged even by the standards
Of the New Statesman, this
was no mean achievement. 1t
said:
What prevents the Negro
from receiving his due is not
the verdict of the overwhelm-
ing majority of Americans
but the elements of sovereign
ty which the States still en-
joy and their further express
sion in the composition of the
Senate. The concept of
the semi-sovereign State dates
from the era Of colonial set
Element and is inconsistent
either with universal suffrage
or the degree of central or
ganization required by a
modern welfare democracy"
Here is a witch's brew
served up as a liberal recipe.
Amend the Constitution, re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
JENKIN LLOYD JONES
Attenuation May Change Society

purchasing power. II unat-
tended machines could sud-
denly produce all the COM
moditieS in the country,
you'd have disaster and star
walton unless you could put
these goods into the hands
of consumers.
So we may, indeed, have
to move into q system Of
stretching out jobs by shorter
work weeks, long vacations
and early retirement. But II
these non-work periods re-
duce productivity per man or
prevent employers from &C
cumulating the extra cash
necessary for automation, we
will simply have busted in
dustrieS which will employ
no one.
There remains the prob
lem of the chronic unem-
ployables, the unskilled, the
unschooled, the people who
will be increasingly out
thought and out-performed
by the marriage of comput-
ers and mechanics. Since
Government is now in the
business of substituting the
production of illegitimate
children, it Is not likely
that the ratio Of poorly
gifted offspring Of irrespon-
sible parents will diminish.
Yet If we support in ease
and idleneSS those who are
incompetent to command
useful Jobs in an automated
age, the social consequences
will be sad. Not only do idle
people rust out morally and
spiritually. but you have to
maintain a wide disparity Of
rewards in order to keep the
able and the gifted hopping
for the benefit Of all. The
Communists very quickly
found out that under Marx
doctrine Of from each &C
cording to his ability, to each
according to his needs"
everybody sat down.
So we may eventually
wind up with a brainy elite,
a fabulously prosperous, If
h alf- employed, technician
class, and a huge mass Of
citizens on permanent WPA.
The prospect is not entirely
alluring.
G 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Criticism Indicates That Agreement
Will Be Ratified With Open Eyes

the world as the British
Prime Minister. Neville
Chamberlain, said it meant
peace for cur time"
Today, as IAN important
first step, a step towards
peace" - to use the Presi-
dents words-iS hailed, and
approving comments are ut
tered on every side even in
the midst of official words of
caution, there is noticeably
different atmosphere here
from that which prevailed in
1888 after the Munich treaty
between France, Italy, Ger
many and Great Britain was
signed. In that chorus of
approval, this correspondent
Joined as he wrote:
Force was really defeated
not triumphant-at Munich,
The force that modified
armies was pushed finally to
one side in an outburst of
fraternal emotion which
seems incredible TO read
about today as we contrast
it with the newspaper head
lines of only a few days be-
fore. 1t is we'll to note these
quick changes for their
epochal meaning. The Ger
man leaders now avow
through their spokesman a
feeling of friendship for their
erstwhile enemies, the
French. The British and Ger
man heads Of government
announce that they desire
never to see their respective
peoples go to war again.
Pacts to limit ornaments are
in process of development
already"
DiSillusionment, however,
came, at least to this cor
respondent, only a fortnight
later as he read Hitler's
speeches, which were in di-
rect negation of the spirit
of the Munich treaty. Then,
scarcely IL months later, a
surprise attack on Poland was
ordered by the Nazi chief,
and World War II began.
Will such a reversal occur
this time? The chances are
against it. For the West has
learned its lesson. There may
be some who think the criti-
cisms of the nuclear teSt-ban
treaty were superfluous. But
a careful reading Of what
the military chiefs said in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Unit Backing Tax Cuts
Warned by Eisenhower

is highly desirable, but only II
the persistent and frightening
increase in Federal expendi-
lures is halted in its tracks. ="
Tax reduction without a
spending freeze, he warned,
would be "unwise. undesirable
and certain to damage our
currency and the Nation"
He said taxes should not be
cut unless Mr.. Kennedy pledges
TO hold Federal spending down
to this years level OF about
500 billion, until the budget
shifts from deficit to surplus
Gen. Eisenhower said he was
happy that his views on hold
ing down Federal spending ARE
In accord with those OF the
Business Committee for Tax
Reduction"
Limits Promised
He quoted the committee as
saying last May that there is
no justification for a continu-
alton OF the upward trend" in
spending. He concluded:
II trust that these senti-
ments expressed by the Busi-
ness Committee in May con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
Bad Advice From Britain on Race

must be together" For that
is the only way forward, the
only way to make lasting
progress now.
The New Statesman may
not like this American ira
dition but we have no inten-
ton of changing it in order to
win its hayward approval.
With luck we may even man.
age to survive its Olympian
disapproval. Anything would
be better than to follow its
advice.
q 1861
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

President Kennedy will tour the country, inspecting
natural His "a campaign aides doubt however
that he'll find much terrain with the fertility Of Chicago
where they grow two votes for election day.
O. How long does 1t take to become well-pad secretary
recepion? Three months for the tipping and shorthand
and 20 years for the British accent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09

The signed columns on these pages, like the
cartoon beoO, intended to present Star readers
Nth Wide range OF opinions on issues of the day.
Including opinions Whtch conflict Nth our DUN.
The Stars UietOS are expressed In its editorials
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-09
BY LEE NJ. COIN
Star Staff Writer

Former President Eisen-
hover is trying to undercut a
business groups campaign for
tax cuts.
He issued a statement yes
terday obliquely chiding the
Business Committee for Tax
Reduction. President Kennedy
is scheduled to address a meet
ing OF the committee here to-
morrow.
The committee, headed by
Henry Ford II and SGuart T
Saunders. indorses the tax-cut
bill expected to be cleared this
week by the House Ways and
Means Committee.
It's meeting is planned as
sort OF pep rally TO builG UP
support for enactment OF the
bill this year. Prospects fol-
passage OF the legislation are
good in the House but doubt
full In the Senate.
Warns Of Expenses
Gen. Eisenhower, In yester-
days statement from Gettys,
burg, Pa, declared: "A Tax cut
Jackson advocate., 1963-12-14
Lanier Senior
Choir To Present
Xmas Cantata

The Lanier Senior High
School Choir will present "The
Story of Christmas" a Christ
mas Choir Cantata by Ellen
Jane Lorenz on Sunday, De-
cember Is, 1868 at 500 pm.
in the schools auditorium.
The Choir under the directions
of Mrs. Naomi Sans and Mrs.
Rosemary Bradford will perform
as part of Lanier's observance
of the Christmas season.
Tn public is cordially invited
Jackson advocate., 1963-12-14
Dr.. j. H. Jackson Addresses
Purdue Club OF Purdue University

Chicago, Ill. DR.. J. II.
Jackson, president Of the Ma
tional Baptist Convention, u.
8. A., Inc, was the principal
speaker at the MONDAY lunch
con of the Purdue Club, Purdue
University, December 4, 1868.
The Club is composed Of en-
gineers, lawyers, business exc
cutives, and investment brok-
ers. It is a part of the largest
engineering school in the world.
DR.. Jackson pointed out that
Jackson advocate., 1963-12-14
STUDIO RECITAL
HELD DECEMBER 8

The Piano Music and Ballet
classes held their Studio Recital
on Sunday, December 8.
Music students participating
were: Bettina Taylor, Gloria
Ann Williams, Garland Robin
son, Ruth Ella Williams, larry
Mcdonald, Elsie Tatum, Caro-
lyn Mcneil, Laa Wandaa Ann
Jones, Elbra Ann Paige, Min
ME Pearl Mcdonald, Susie Mae
Robinson, Rolean Smith, Jacqu-
line Dampier, Marylene Paige,
Gertrude Jamison and Gloria
Ann Ross.
Ballet students participating
were: Lorna and Loretta Shird,
Bettina Taylor, Mairah v. Dean,
Velma Lightscy, Gertrude Jami-