davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
Macke Vendino
Sales, Net Post
Healthy Advance
BY CHARLES COVELL
Star Business Writer

Macke Vending Co. today reported sales Of $lO49S865
in the quarter ended June go per cent increase
in sales for the period in 1862 and the highest
for any quarter in the company's 37-year history.
Net rose to 1884, 03 equivalent to 20 cents share
during the quarter compared with $2l2Sl6 Is cents
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
MiIIionoires' Principles
Can Aid Small Investor
BY GERALD M. LOEB
North American Newspaper Alliance

NEW YORK The latest figures from the Internal Rev.
enue Service show that about 400 Americans filed income
tax return with adjusted 81 600 600
each you are one Of these need to read further because
you already know how you made it.
But If you Of the go million who did not file In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

you must buy most carefully.
One very successful investor
told me, my first investment
requirement is solvency. I like
to buy into situations where
earnings are low and can be
improved, but first I want to
know that the company's bal
ance sheet is strong enough so
1t can finance its recovery with
out dilution of the equity, or
worse"
Find A Specially
Almost all millionaires sue
ceeded by concentrating on one
major investment. We have all
heard Of automobile magnates,
of movie moguls, of men who
are identified with railroads,
copper, oil, and numberless
other industries. It is the ex-
ception when you find anyone
making two fortunes in two
different lines.
Some millionaires have be-
come wealthy riding on some
one else's coattails. Most of
those I can think Of personally
participated in the formation
and management Of the enter
prise that brought them wealth
and usually fame.
Men on the way up may have
reached their detectives in a
multitude Of ways. But in one
thing they all resemble each
other like peas In a pod:
In their primary drive to
make more money and put all
other considerations and dis
fractions into very minor cate
gories.
Copyright, 1868. Mana
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

SUBURBAN CADILLAC.OL DSMoBILE CO.
BrodIey Shopping Center. Phone OIL. 6-770o
Bethesda. Maryland
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
ONE LOOK TELLS YoU-TT1EY'RE BOTH CADnLACs;

Au
CAPITOL CADILLAc.OLDSMoBILE co.
22nd and N Streets NV. Phone re. 1880
Washington, D. c.
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30
Care of Carpets

The care you give your rugs
and carpets can mean dollars in
your pocket and postpone the
day when you'll need to spend
more money for requirements.
Proper rug care includes regu-
lar vacuuming, occasional sur
face brightining, periodic pro-
fessional cleaning and quick
stain removal.
Vacuuming even Seldom-used
areas regularly-once a week
prevents dust from becoming
imbedded in carpet fibers and
makes the job of regular up-
keep easier. Carpet sweepers
are helpful for daily light clean
ing, but a vacuum cleaner is
essential in removing below-sur
face soil.
Vacuuming the back of the
rug helps get deep dirt. The rus
should then be turned right sidt
up and thoroughly cleaned. Bea
ing the rug will cause tufts o
the pile to loosen and Otter
breaks the backing.
To prevent mating from regu
lar traffic lanes, turn area rug
occasionally and rearrange fur
niture once Or twice a year o.
wall-to-wall carpeting. If ther
is crushed pile, or curled col
ners, hold a steam iron owe
the affected area, but do nc
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30
County Agents News
by Sharon Fiegle and Hugh Maxwell

center of stained area. Test any
stain remover Including plain
water or detergent on the car
pet to determine its effect on
dyes. If the color comes off, call
a professional cleaner.
Keeping Frozen Foods
Homemakers should keep A
watchful eye on frozen foods
stored in conventional refrigera-
tors.
The difference between a con-
ventional refrigerator and re-
frigerator-freezer is that in q
conventional refrigerator the
evaporative, or freezing unit is
not insulated from the storage
unit of the refrigerator. In other
words, this evaporative unit il
the cooling system for the stor
age area.
Refrigerator-freezer combina-
tons have a freezing compart
ment completely insulated from
The storage area. Food can de
teriorate after only a few day
of storage in a conventional re
frigerator ice cube compart
ment. Home freezers are salts
factory for storage of froze
foods, if the control settings hol
the food in the freezer compart
ment at zero or lower and
recommended packaging an
other conditions are followed.
! In tests conducted by the US
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30

Cartwright News

Mrs. Frank Lassey and Jerry
and Mrs .Bernice Harris and
Elaine spent The weekend in
Superior, Mont, with Mr.. and
Mrs. Chas. Brockway.
Many local people attended
the REA annual at Watford City
October 18th.
Mrs. Emma Derudder is a
surgical patient at Sidney Mem
orial Hospital.
Roy and Margaret johnson
attended the Golden Wedding
of Mr.. and Mrs. George Hunst
in Rose Creek, MINI. Enroute
they visited their son Vernon in
Fargo. They were joined there
by Arlan, who accompanied them
to Rose Creek.
Mr. and Mrs. Milton johnson
came from Great Falls for the
Silver Wedding celebration oi
Mr.. and Mrs. Severt Sponheim
fhe nall, decorated in pinE
and silver streamers and white
bells. was well filled Sunday fol
the Severt Sponheim celebration
Mrs. Arnold Skogen and Mrs
Floyd Monson baked and served
the 5-tier cake. Mrs. Odegaarc
served coffee, Faye Monson wa
at The guest book Elizabeth Paul
son and Jane Oakland served
the guest table at which Mr.. anc
Mrs. Severt Sponheim, Rev. anc
Mrs. Ausland, Ole Sponheim
Morton, Lyle and Dale Sponhein
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30
.ass "s ,s.. sss s"a :~,4 Turkey and Bacon Party

Department of Agriculture, the
temperature in the ice cube COM
partment in the conventional re-
frigerator was low enough to
maintain frozen food quality for
only a few days, even when the
temperature in the general stor-
age unit was reduced to the
lowest point of % degrees F. At
this temperature, food in the
storage section froze. The tenn
perature of food packages stor-
ed on door shelves of freezers
was higher than that in the main
freezer compartment.
Variation of temperature in
frozen foods, even though the
foods remain frozen, can con
tribute to a deterioration II
quality.
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30

allow the weight of the iron to
touch the surface. Steam for a
minute or two, then brush. Re-
peat until pile is erect. For cur
led corners, hold edges down
with weight after steaming if
necessary. When the carpet is
dulled by an accumulation of
soil which can't be removed by
vacuuming, home-cleaning me-
thods will brighten the carpet
surface.
Professional cleaning by re-
liable carpet and rug cleaning
establishment may be necessary
periodically, however, to remove
all the soil imbedded in carpets
and rugs. A rug can be cleaned
most thoroughly in a profession
al cleaning plant, but many
professional cleaners are equip.
ped to go into homes for on
location cleaning of wall-to-wal
carpeting.
Once the rug or carpet ha:
been cleaned, prevent spills
from becoming permanent stains
by treating them Immediately
When dry, many stains becom
permanent.
Blot or absorb liquid spill
Immediately with clean whit
unstarched cloth or paper towels
Don't brush or rub the spot an,
more than can be helped; worl
! from the outer edge toward tn
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30

and Mrs. Gunderson were seated.
A short program was given.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dale Olson and
children, Oscar Oaklands, Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Leens, Sophie
Youngstrom, Mrs. Scrivner, Mrs.
Odegaard, Myron Koch and Bry-
an spent an evening at John
Dunbars to join Mrs. Dunbar in
The celebration of her birthday.
The Episcopal church ladies
will join Fairview and Sidney
at the Presbyterian church ir
Fairview Friday to celebrate
World Community Day.
Merrill Dunbar, after an absen
ce of five years, returned II
this area from Washington for {
visit with relatives and friends
November 3rd is UTO donation
Sunday morning and afternoon
at 2:3O will be the reception date
for Mr.. and Mrs. George Dobia.
in the Hall.
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30
BrOrson

Joe Gartner and Russell Den
own attended the dispersion sale
at Miles City and bought some
breeding stock.
Mrs. Art Miller, Iona and Con-
ME Banta drove to Billings FRI
day. Corrine Banta accompanied
them home and spent the week
end.
The following were supper
guests at the VIM. Cundiff home
Friday evening in honor of Paula
and Johnny Obergfell's birth
day: Mr.. and Mrs. Merlin Lar
son and family, Mr.. and Mrs.
Lester Putnam, Mr.. and Mrs.
Jerry Obergfell, Mrs. Dorothy
Brose and family and Mrs. Ber-
niece Cundiff.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Gjertson OF
Cut Bank were overnight guests
Friday at the Andrew Hanro
home. Mr.. and Mrs. Volney An
derson and granddaughter, Don
ma, were supper guests that
evening.
Mrs. Joe Gartner and child
rem drove to Miles City Friday
to take Cassie to her home and
get acquainted with the new
granddaughter at the David Gil
man home.
MIR. and Mrs. VIM. CundIfl
and family were supper guests
Saturday evening at the Jonr
Cundiff, Jr., home.
Walter and Geralline Weaver
were dinner guests Sunday a
the John Cundift, Sr., home
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30
FunereI Services
Were Held for
Edna Parsons

Funeral services for Edna
Mae Parsons, 70, of Sidney were
held October "a at 10: 80 am. at
the Assembly of God Church in
Sidney with Dean A. Rohner
officiating. Mrs. Walter Quilting,
accompanied by Mrs. David An.
derson, sang "How Great Thou
Art" and Beyond the Sunset
Pallbearers were Clifford Kalle,
Wig, Harold Martin, James Peter
sen, Cliff Sowles, Calvin Step
pier and Lloyd Wick. Usher'
were Kenneth Olson and Ber
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30
MYF News

Methodist Youth Fellowship
held their regular meeting on
Wednesday instead of Friday
because Of Teachers Conven-
ton.
The Congregational P.F. MEM
berS invited us to Halloween
party in the basement of their
church Sunday, October q. We
are going to put on two skits for
the program.
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30

ME Finnicurn. 1nterment was
held in Sunset Memorial Gar
dens with the Fulkerson Funeral
Home of Sidney directing
Mrs. Parsons passed away
Monday afternoon, October u,
at the Community Memorial
Hospital in Sidney after being
i'll for about six weeks.
Edna Mae Parsons came to
Montana in 1916 with her hus-
band, settling on a homestead
in the Mona Community at that
time. They farmed and ranched
there until 1857 when they retir-
ed and moved into Sidney to
make their home and where they
resided until Mrs. Parsons
death. Edna's activities included
All, Richland County Fair
! Board, Mona Union Sunday
School, Election Board and Red
Cross chairman.
Surviving her are her husband
Oscar H. Parsons of Sidney; one
son, Lloyd Parsons of Mona;
four daughters, Thelma Barber
and Mrs. Robert (Phyllis) Perer
son of Sidney; Mrs. Reitar Joy
Coffman and Mrs. Ross (Cath
erine) Jameson of Billings, Mon
tana; three sisters, Mrs. Harr,
Dawson and Mrs. isabelle Doug
las of Dayton. Wash, and Mrs
P. M. Huston of Manteca, Calf.
T IL grandchildren and four great
I, grandchildren.
The Sidney herald., 1963-10-30

Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Hillman
and family were in Williston Sum
day attending the lions League
of the Reorganized Church Of
the Latter Day Saints. They al.
so took in the Inventors Conven.
ton that afternoon.
Navajo times., 1963-07-25

By reintr oducing some species,
of wildlife--biSons elk, and other
animals--Mr. Carver said, this
prairie might again be seen as it
was in the 18OOs.
During that time the prairie
was a vast and unique region of
plant and animal life between the
eastern forests and the Greaf
Plains, and presented a forbid
ding barrier to we stward
expansion which only the most
rugged of pioneers could conquer.
Later came the era of the open
range and the great cattle drives,
and, more recently, the Develop
mem of the cattle industry OF,
today. The rich prairie soils drew
settlers and homesteaders west to
what is now the 'breadbasket"
of the Nation.
The pending bill provides for
administrative transfer of juris-
diction over land above 1 ,O75 feet
elevation acquired for the pur--
poses of the Tuttle Greek
Reservoir) from the Army Corps
of Engineers to the Secretary of
the Interior. This transfer would
provide prairie land essential to
the proposed national park and
would preclude Developments
which, in the judgement of the'
Secretary. would defeat or i'm
pair the purposes of the Prairie
(Confinued on Page 49,
Navajo times., 1963-07-25
Aefor Ronaed 10
lmdiam Arts

Secretary Of the Inferior
Stewart l.. Udall today announced
the reappoinfmem Of Vincent
Price, the actor and art conmois-
seur, for an additional four-year
term as q member Of the Indian
Arts and Crafts Board.
Mr.. Price. Of Los Angeles.
Calif.. was first appointed TO the
Board In 1857 to fill the une,pired
term of william ]. LippincOet. In
light Of his diseingui shed service
in the advancement of Indian arts
and crafts. he was reappoinred to
the Board again in 1859. HIS cur
rent term started July 6 and ex-
pires July 6. 1867.
AS one of the five commits
sioners On the Board. MIR. Price
will share the responsibility OF
operating two Indian museums. He
will also ald In the establishment
of policies for the many field staffs
which work directly withthe Indian
craftsmen and artiSts--giving
them advisory assistance In the
production. pricing, publicity.
marketing. and the maintaining OF
trade standards.
Mr.. Price will serve on the
present Beard with it's chairman,
DIR. Frederick ]. DOckstader. di-
rector. Museum Of the American
Indian, New York. N.Y.: Rene d
Harnoncourt, director Museum OF
Modern Art. New York. N. Y:
Erich Kohlberg. International
dealer in arts and crafts. Of Den
yer. Cole: and Lloyd New Kiva,
artist craftsman and director OF
arts ag xlae institute Cf America
Navajo times., 1963-07-25
AS In Early Days
Prairie May Again
Sustain Bison Elk

Dakota to Texas have disclosed
that the Pottawatomie County
grassland is one of the few best
remaining areas in the Nation and
is typical "blue stem country
within the Flint Hills--a relative
ly narrow, highly scenic, lime
stone formation extending north
and south through eastern Kansas.
'The proposed area, Assis-
tant Secretary Carver said, lis
eminently suitable for preserva-
tion and stabli shment as a
national park because it posses
ses the quality and size that would
enable visitor to recapGure
much of the feeling ard eper-
ience of the prairie. !"
The eastern portion consists
of gently rolling hills, while the
western half, through which most
of the major drainages flow con-
sists of unusual grass-covered
scenic hill formations which ap-
pear as long. narrow, flat fingers
meandering generally north and
Navajo times., 1963-07-25

The Department of the Interior
has recommended to Congress the
establishment of a 6O,OOO-acre
Prairie National Park in Potta-
watomie County, Kansas, to pre-
serve one last remnant of rich
prairie grasslands and native
Wildlife.
Responding to a Congressional
request for the Department at
titude regarding pending legisla-
tion to create such park, John
A. Carver. Jr.. Assistant Secre-
rary. said:
''We have no doubts about the
need for preservation of repre-
sentative section of prairie,
illustrating an important part of
the country's heritage, so that
present and future generations
may experience and enjoy sam
pie of prairie as it existed during
the days Of Indians. early set
tiers, and emigrams.
Extensive studies by the Ma
tional Park Service over large
portions Of the prairie from North
Navajo times., 1963-07-25

Indian Art in Santa Fe, N. Mex
The Indian Arts and Crafts
Board was created as part Of the
Department of the Inferior by an
act of Congress in 1885. Its func-
tion and duty is the promotion OF
economic welfare Of Indian people
through the development of their
arts and crafts and the expansion
of the market for such products.
Members of the Board are
appointed by the Secretary of the
Inferior and serve without pay.
Navajo times., 1963-07-25

before the with the R. Red Sox
uy 16 The Red of 15 Fron
lr) Hardy. Denny Mark James, Lawrence Lano
Harding Jonathan Second r) Clyde
Svrs. Douglas Euy (coach Jonah Begay Edmond
Manelo. Ronald Woodman Tommy Madman hugh smith,
Robin Whia andCu (Staff Photo. R.C. Bille)
Navajo times., 1963-07-25

Downtown
2O9-217
Fourth NV
Albuquerque
N. Mex.
Evening star., 1963-05-01
Frenchn1on Reveals
Ideas on Makeup

A veteran Of the South
Pacific in World War II and
the Korean War and an op-
Grating room nurse for II
years, Col. Phillips is now as
sociated with the Pathology
Institutes casualty simula-
ton branch.
She explained the work is
of value as a visual educa-
ton aid in Civilian Defense
preparation.
Mr.. Francois has also ap-
piled his facial art" theory
in treatment of women pa
tients in mental hospitals,
and claims success in helping
them improve their mental
outlook.
He said he once had sue
cess in encouraging a woman
patient to smile by convinc-
ing her that "you build out
side beauty from within"
Evening star., 1963-05-01

Says Senator Hugh Scott,
Republican Of Pennsylvania,
enough of this shoo-fly pie
and apple pan dowdy bit, he's
for pushing Pennsylvania In
every way from fashions to
food.
Yesterdays all-day Penn
sylvania Products Fair was
a first Of its kind in the New
Senate Office Building.
Exhibits hit on travel, coal,
steel, gas, q model Of the Nim-
bus Weather Satellite. soft
drinks. "Philly" cigars and
cigarettes. home and food
products.
An eye-catching live ex-
Evening star., 1963-05-01
BY RUTH DEAN
Star Staff Writer

A Frenchman with q
throaty Charles Boyer accent
yesterday demonstrated his
theory of combining cosmet-
les with psychoanalysis.
With the help of an Army
nurse, Mr.. Francois, world
beauty director of Revlon,
set about to show that beauty
can be more than skin deep
If you keep in mind that
"the face is the rendezvous
of the body and SOUL"
To prove his hypothesis,
Mr.. Francois told a service
wives luncheon that the
face of 1t. Col. Kathleen w.
Phillips, Army Nurse Corps,
needed little of his facial
art therapy" because her
years of unselfish service to
others gave a beauty to her
face that needed only a few
touches here and there to
bring out its contours.
AS he worked away with
creams, powder, eyebrow
pencil and lipStick, Mr.. Fran
co.'s made his fayorite OBJ
Servation.
Makeup is a mask" he
exclaimed, "a wall between
a woman's face and the
world.
But facial art is some
thing else again; it high
lights the beauty that is al
ready there and gives q
woman confidence in her.
self and what she is"
Before the luncheon, given
by U. S. Lady Magazine in
the American Newspaper
Women's Club house, Col.
Phillips and Mr.. Francois
did some note comparing.
He too is a World War II
veteran. having been in the
French Resistance and be-
fore that one Of Frances
youngest playwrights.
He turned to a career In
cosmetics after studying psy-
chology in Morocco.
His curiosity about the
part played by couture and
cosmetics in the motivations
Of women throughout history
led to more intensive study
and the deduction that to
bring out their inner beauty,
women should exercise more
care In their application of
cosmetics than in their
choice Of clothes.
He thinks a tribute written
to him by his good friend
Jean Cocteau best sums UP
the meaning Of his work: "a
defect Of the soul cannot be
corrected on the face. but q
defect Of the face, If you cor
rect 1t. can correct a soul"
AS the nurse and the
beauty expert talked, Col.
Phillips revealed that her
present duties are virtually a
beauty in reverse" project.
While Mr.. Francois works
with creams and lipstick TO
beautify the face, Col. Phil
lips uses these same mate
rials to create simulated bat
tie injuries at the Armed
Forces Institute Of Pathology.
"Cold cream. lipstick, a
jagged piece Of cleansing It's
sue and a sprinkling Of ashes
around the edge make the
worst looking burn you've
ever seen," she said.
Evening star., 1963-05-01
Pennsylvania Fashions
Are Shown on The HiII'

hibit played UP the charms,
not only Of Allentown models
Hess in Allentown, but
fashions designed and manu-
factured in the State.
Some Of these are Vanity
Fair Lingerie, Briarbrook,
Joan Leslie, Leslie Fay, Ca
bana Sportswear and Loom
togs.
Omitted from the lineup,
however, were fashions for
the pool and boudoir.
Perhaps worrying about
what the constituents might
say was going on in the staid
halls Of Congress, was the
reason for the big x marks
Evening star., 1963-05-01

on the lineup sheet crossing
out a "glamorouS penoir
and gown" "two-piece suit,
striped bra and solid shorts"
to mention Just two. Though
Bikinis had been limited at
in previous news releases
they were mo shows" yester-
day.
Most fascinated spectator
at the show was 92-year-old
Mrs. Eva Paro who lives at
The Methodist Building near
the new Senate Office Build
ing. She had q front-row
chair-the only one around.
The day-long show wound
UP with a VIP reception in
Evening star., 1963-05-01
Robert Kennedy
To Be Honored

The Fordham University
Club OF Washington will pre-
sent its 18th annual dinner
tonight at the Sheraton
Park Hotel with Attorney
General Robert Kennedy as
guest OF honor and Health.
Education and Welfare Sec
retary Anthony Celebrezze as
principle speaker.
The Rev. Laurence McGin-
ley. president Of the univer-
sity in New York City, will
also be present.
Mr.. Kennedy will be pre-
sented the Brien ]. Mcmahon
Memorial Award by the Ford
ham Club. The late Senator
Brien ]. Mcmahon, a Ford
ham alumnus. was RESPONSE
BILE for the creation OF the
Atomic Energy Commission.
Evening star., 1963-05-01

the late afternoon, to which
were invited most of Senator
SCOTS Senate colleagues,
plus Pennsylvania House
members.
Evening star., 1963-05-01
Mothers Day
Meetinq

The Ladies Auxiliary 10
Post SO Of the Jewish War
Veterans Of America will hold
It's Mothers Day meeting at
s:15 pm. tonight at the
ATudath Achim Synagogue.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-11
SsGrs Q Stores

Sears does not establish
artificial "list' prices to
allow for sO-called "dis-
count or trade lin"
prices. Sears original
prices are low prices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-11
Customer Convenience Centers Offer
These Services:

Check Cashing Stamps Money Orders ..
Travellers Checks Merchandise Gift Ger
iificaies = Good Reserved Seats for Lawrence
Of Arabia"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-11
NO ! NON i! ~ 3|''l|I' X O.

UP TO Sc MONTHS TO PAY =. ask Sears Salesman
how you may have up to full years to pay for Sears
home appliances.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-11
Popular ROund-BObbin Style

This is truly the sewing machine for either comelaey
who has been sewing for years both will
love its features Sews straight fancy decorative stitches
Even das, mends, appques and monoams Makes button
hOes buttons Sews pins you need haste
forward and reverse No attachments needed and it's
easy pie Astounding at this low Anniversary sale
price, Come it your fingers will itch sewing
it! Complete with base and foot control.
Sean Stores
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-11

EXPERT SERVICE is always as near
as your phone anywhere in the U.S.A.
Replacement parts readily available for
reasonable life expectancy of appliance.
Ask about extended service protection
for just pennies day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-06
BUICK SPECIAL
SALE
CHEVY II SALE

'6S CHEVY II Noa Super Sport
Hardtop Coupe beautiful Bur-
gundy with black vtnyl bucket
seats, 2. and h., Wv. tires,
still under factory warranty.
Was $2096. Special sl895.
Save 500.
's3 CHEVY ii Nova converti-
bic. Black with red vinyl in
terror and white top, Wv.
tires. Standard shift. I. and b.
Was S2195. Special e10o6i
'63 CHEVY II 100" Abr.
Sedan. poppy 9 cyl. engine
with eco. straight shift. T. q
b., beau. autumn gold. Was
81 .996. Special Sl,705. Save
,62 CHEW II Nova Convertible,
white with red vinyl bucket
seats, black top. Wv. tires,
standard shift, T. a h. Former
u sold for SI,995. Our Sale
Price, s1,75O. Save seas.