davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1963-11-15

| think that American Education
Week is a time for us all to reflect
on the contribution American educa-
ton has made to our nation, and for
those of us in the field of education
to review the status, the progress and
the needs of education.
In effect, each citizen is stock
holder in American education. Each
of us has an investment in educa-
ton and each of us receives a divi-
dend. The dividend may not come
to us in the form of cash, SO it is
sometimes easy to overlook the re-
turn we receive from education.
VALUES OF FREE MEN"
The theme for the first day of
American Education Week Sunday
is values of Free Men" This theme
pinpoints the role of education in
preserving, in transmitting and in
emphasizing the distinctive charac-
teristics of our society. How much
we take for granted. We so seldom
stop to think what it means to live
in free country, where we make
free choices, where we are free to
do and think as we choose. We rarely
remember that the concept of indi-
vidual worth and dignity, so basic -
our way of life, is not universally
accepted principle.
America was born out of a need
for a haven for freedom. American
cd 1f4 1,o IrVo
edge that a popular government
could not sustain itself without an
educated people. AS Adlai Stevenson
has said, "The American dream be-
gins in the classroom Popular, free
education has enabled us to maintain
free, popular government.
But one of the great threats to
education today, and consequently
to our very form of government, is
the growing activity and promi-
hence of those people who want to
have us think alike, who would limit
education to those of superior in
tellect, who would regiment Ameri-
can education to the extent that
freedom of thought would no long,
err exist
Many people, think, are beginning
% become aware of just how serious
! threat this activity is. think it
las been difficult for many of us to
AXE this threat seriously because
# our natural tendency to assume
hat other people are men of good
viii and common sense.
We tend to take for granted that
mong the ''Values of Free Men,,
long with justice and liberty, is the
rinciple of representative govern
vent government which has among
s aims the promotion of a social !
rider in which the rights of each are c
and the welfare of all q
advanced. Basically, we realize C
lat human nature is not perfect, and i
lat ungoverned behavior almost GER d
inly leads to barbarianism where o
light alone makes right. Government, "
en-, is the way we as civilized peo-
e choose to protect ourselves from h
lrselves to, among other things, p
omote the general welfare and in
re the domestic tranquility. tt
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1963-11-15

ing to provide additional opportuni.
ties?
While Montana is primarily am ag-
ricultural state and does not have the
same problems that face urban areas,
we need good auto-mechanics, plumb
ers, business machine repairmen,
key-punch operators and commercial
cooks. Further, we are losing popu-
lation in the young working age
group as youth move to other states,
making it clearly our responsibility
to share in the occupational prepa-
ration of all our youth.
Under existing federal law, we
could increase student opportunities
by expanding the vocational techni-
cal program at Northern Montana
College, or programs such as the one
offered at the Helena School of Aero
nautics and Related Trades, or by
creating some area vocational schools;
or by increasing the offerings in
existing programs.
Amy of these takes money. For
example, county vocational techni-
cal center was recently developed in
the rural area of Sussex County,
Delaware, to offer training in Is
skills ranging from agriculture ma
chinery and commercial cooking
to electronics. This pro-
gram was begun with a million-dollar
appropriation from the legislature
and hundred thousand dollars in
private funds, with the legislature
continuing to make specific appropri-
atoms for current operation.
LACKS
FUNDS
Money, of course, is limiting
actor in the vocational education |
picture in Montana. Under Title VIII |
# the National Defense Education
Act for Training in Technical Fields
elated to the National Defense, fed
raj funds available to our state have
lot been fully used because of the
ack of local matching funds. Since
$50, approximately $4,000 in fed
raj funds have been used; approx
nately 100000 remain unused and
valuable TO Montana for these newer
rograms.
Similarly, the earlier programs of
ocational agriculture, home eco
omics, distributive education and
rade and industrial education are
mited in number and scope by the
unds available.
But economically, as well as So
cially and morally, we cannot af-
ford joblessness, and every oppor-
tunity must be made available for
both young and adult, ,
TO achieve and to be self-support-
ing, self-reliant citizens. 1t is not !,
opinion, but fact, that education, ,
and economic growth +
are inextricably linked.
QUALITY TEACHING c
Now let us look at the next days c
eme for American Education Week T
Equality Teaching Quality teach !.
g, of course, depends both on the
acher and on what is taught, or a
e curriculum. In these areas, I think n
ontana can be proud of the pro- :
ans we have made in a relatively Z
ief time. AS some of you know l am o
re, since 1857 we have had under F
~ a program of curriculum develop @
emit for the elementary and secon-
ry schools. Some of you here may Il
members of the statewide curricu- 81
n committees which have been de- 4,
Looping courses of study for each II
the subjects taught in the schools. =,
Under Montana law, the State Su- &C
lis responsible for the al
lrse of study, but because the leg til
ature has never made funds avail m
lie to carry out this responsibility, la
has been necessary TO make prog by
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1963-11-15

resS more slowly than we would like,
but nevertheless progress has been
substantial and | think sound espec-
ially because of the fact that so many
educators have contributed their
services as volunteers on these cur
riculum development projects.
Five years ago Montana had no
course guides at all. Today we have
a number in the final stages of de-
velopment, some have been completed
and others are now being subjected
to the years trial use in the schools
preparatory to final review and
adoption.
Course materials, of course, are
only part of the story. They are an
important part because they establish
the content of elementary and Sec
ondary education and insure that
every pupil will have instruction in
the basic fundamentals in each sub
ject regardless of whether he attends
a small school or a large school, or
regardless of what county or city of
the state he resides in. But the teach
err. after all, is the heart of the
school and the preparation of teachers
is a matter of vital concern to us all.
The latest Conant Report on the
Education of American Teachers has
called our attention to the series
of recommendation for strengthen
ing the education of teachers. AS you
may know. DR.. Conant surveyed six
teen states to obtain the material for
his book and, of course, Montana, be-
ing sparsely populated as it is, was
not one of the states selected. We
can't help but feel, if it had been,
that he might not have concluded
that the picture was quite as black
as he found it.
l don't mean to imply that we
in Montana have no problems in
teacher preparation, but do think
we can take pride in the fact that
for several years we have been
working in the very direction of
the Conant recommendations, and
we have made some significant
progress already.
In 1857, I appointed a statewide
committee ON teacher supply to work
IN the problem of getting enough
Qualified teachers for Montana
chools. Just as DIR. Conant views
egislation as a basic step, so did we
n 1857, and our committees first
'roject, of necessity, was concerned
nth the complex certification laws
nd procedures. At that time, Mon
ana had some 25 kinds of certifi-
ates. II
During 1857 and '58, the commit
ee made thorough study of certifi-
alton laws and developed broad goals
Or certification. The committee then
a bill which was enacted
y the 1859 Legislature.
The new legislation removed from
lie statutes multitude of details
nd conflicts, and substituted a brief,
dequate statement of authority,
road enough to permit experimental
on and continuing Improvement
ithout the need for constant amend
emit. There are no detailed course
,quirements, no numbers of credits,
} constructing definitions.
PREPARATION
y n r
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1963-11-15
TEACHER PREPARATION
EVALUATED

The Teacher Supply Committee
next turned it's attention to the eval-
uation of the teacher preparation
programs. Here, this committees
work became directly related to that
of our other committees. The cur
riculum committees were developing
basic minimum courses of study for
the public schools. The generalization
groups were developing standards, in
Guiding the implementation OF the
course guides developed by the cir
riculum committees. The Teacher
Supply group then had to concern
itself with the adequacy of the prep
aration of teachers for teaching the
materials required for generalization
in other words, the academic edu-
cation of teachers, which lis also one
of DR.. Commits major concerns.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1963-11-15

With the national observance. of
American Education Week beginning
on Sunday, thought 1 would dis
cuss current developments in Mon
tana education around the themes
designated for each of the days of
American Education Week.
Beginning with Sunday and going
through the week, the themes are:
Values of Free Men
Learning Opportunities for All
Quality Teaching
Balanced Curriculum
. Community Resources
Financial Support-and
. Goals for Tomorrow
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1963-11-15
FIRST INQUIRY CENTERED
ON ENGLISH

The committee selected English for
its first inquiry, and called in repre-
sentatives of the English and Speech
departments of all teacher training
institutions in Montana, as we'll as
members of the English curriculum
committee; teachers, administrators,
and Department of Public Instruc-
tion personnel. AS a result, seven
major recommendations were formu-
lated and voluntarily put into effect
by all of the teacher training insti-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
Radio In Contact


The Russian communicate
said radio contact with the
space vehicle is good. The fire.
ouency is 1885 megacycles. All
instruments and equipment
were reported functioning nor
rnally.
The Crimean observatory
photographed the device last
night and said It showed up as
{ star of the 14.5 magnitude.
This is dim. Only stars Of the
sixth magnitude or brighter are
visible to the naked eye.
Scientists speculated tn a I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03

and proof Of the need for an
about effort.
1.-THE country which really
plants itself in outer space first
will have something to say
about the future Of this globe -
said Senate Majority Leader
Mansfield.
Red Lead DOwngraded
The Ranger program of pre-
liminary moon flights is under
study. American authorities do
not plan another launching
until December.
D. Brainerd Holmes, chief OF
the United States m a nne d
space effort, said the program
is proceeding at "a reasonable
and proper pace" He said nc
sound program could be guided
by what the other fellow Is
doing"
Representative Roudebush
Republican of Indiana, q men,
Der Of the House Science and
Astronautics Committee, said
the shot represented mo leap
frog advance or new break
through" He said there was
mo reason for panic or hys-
terra"
DR.. Hugh L. Dryden, deputy
administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Admin
istration, commented that the
moon competition is like q
horse race and lin q horse race
sometimes one, horse is ahead
sometimes another
80 tassH y HsHs-.f1 -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
$4,000 in Jewels
Stolen From Suite
Of Pearl BoiIey

Jewelry valued at $4,000 was
stolen last night from the
shoreham Motor Inn suite Of
singer Pearl Bailey and her
husband, Jazz drummer Louie
Bellson, police reported.
Miss Bailey, who opens an
engagement April IL at the
Howard Theater. arrived here
from Miami Beach yesterday.
She said the jewelry included
a watch, bracelet, pin and a
pair Of l5-karat diamond ear
rings.
The jewelry, in a large cos
metics bag, was taken from a
bureau drawer, according to
police. Police placed the $15,-
900 estimate on the jewelry
after a larger loss had first
been estimated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
BY JOSEPH YOUNG
star staff Writer


The House Appropriations
Committee denies that 1t seeks
TO bar regular in-step pay
raises to Government and
postal employees.
The committees denial came
as q result Of the Juror re-
sulting from Its action in re-
porting the 1854 Treasury Post
Office appropriations bill.
In trimming the Post Office
Departments budget request by
$50 million, the committee said
some of this could be absorbed
by reducing" the $46.6 million
estimated cost of the automatic
within-grade salary raises of
postal workers.
This was interpreted by some
postal and Federal employe
union leaders as we'll as some
members of Congress to mean
that postal employees Within
grade pay raises would be
barred this year as an econ
ony measure, and that the
House committee would bar
similar in-step pay raises for
Government classified en-
ployes.
However, a House Appropria-
tons Committee spokesman de-
clared that these fears are
groundless. He said the commit
tee In its report merely meant
that the $46.6 million Post Of
flee Department estimate OF the
cost of postal employe in-step
raises may be too high and
that this item could be reduced
a bit by the department.
Postal workers within
grade pay raises are automatic
by law and the committee had
no intention Of denying postal
workers these raises the
spokesman said. He added that
nothing about limiting in-step
raises was In the portion OF
the committees bill dealing
with Treasury Department en-
ployes. and that this was suf-
ficient proof that the COM
mittee doesn't want 10 deprive
employes-postal or Federal
OF their in-grade pay raises.
Also, the Interior Department
1864 money bill approved by
the committee and the House
did not have any ban against
in-step pay raises, he pointed
out.
Meanwhile, the National As.
ISOLATION Of Letter Carriers Il
notifying all It's members anc
It's ladies' auxiliaries 10 BON.
bard Congress with telegram
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
-- -----I INTERPRETIVE REPORT
Twists and Turns on ExiIes

whatever we did with regard to
Cuba should be within the con-
fines Of international law"
He explained that what he
advocated was using radio,
television. the press and the
moral power of the American
Government" to let the forces
of freedom in Cuba know we
believe freedom will again rise
in their country"
Then the opposite happened.
On April II. 1861, the Ameri-
can-backed invasion by Cuban
refugees at the Bay of Pigs
began. 1t collapsed four days
later. Fidel Castro threw about
l 200 of the invaders in jail.
On April "a Mr.. Kennedy took
full responsibility for the Unit
ed States role in the fiasco.
Mr.. Kennedy didn't try that
again. Another crisis came last
fall when Soviet Premier
Khrushchev slipped his missiles
into Cuba. Mr.. Kennedy forced
O showdown. Mr.. Khrushchev
pulled his missiles out.
And before the end OF 1862,
Mr.. Castro, for ransom, freed
over l,l00 of the Bay Of Pigs
invaders. They returned to MI
ami and Mr.. Kennedy made a
speech to them last December
20.
It was full Of hope about
the eventual freedom Of Cuba
and completely blank on when
and how. And Mr.. Kennedy
made no promise Of American
help for another invasion. The
most he did was predict free
dom.
Congress Aroused
This year Congress got con.
cerned about the presence Of
Soviet troops in Cuba. There
weren't enough Of them to In.
wade the Americas. Their pres
ence meant primarily two
things:
Mr.. Khrushchev now had q
base In the Americas. Any In.
vasion by refugees or anyone
else, since 1t almost certainly
would involve the Russians,
might lead to war with Russia.
But the refugees, who have
their headquarters in Miami,
got busy although 1t still isn't
clear whether they took off
from this country or some.
where else.
They began making raids on
Cuba and hit Russian ships. II
this continued. and the Rus.
SLAMS and Castroites retaliated,
this could lead to ugly things,
too.
Last Thursday something
happened that looked like re.
taliation although Mr.. Castro
apologized for 1t yesterday. Two
MICS from Cuba fired around
an American freighter.
Then, to make sure the ref
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
THE FEDERAL SPOTLIGHT
Appropriations Group Denies
! Intent to Block Any Pay Raises

NO GOVERNMENT JOB AL
LURE - Scientists and engi-
neers in industry haven't much
desire to work for the Govern
ment.
This has been disclosed In q
survey just released by the re.
search division of Careers In
corporated. a job clearing
house maintained by industrial
firms In the recruitment Of en-
gineers, scientists and other
professional personnel.
A survey of $50 engineers and
scientists who recently were
placed on the groups national
manpower register showed that
the Government rated ahead OF
industry in only three of III
specific categories. Moreover,
the areas in which the Gov
eminent rated well were all Of
the non-intellectual or pass
i've" variety such as "fringe
benefits" lob security" and
vacation leave"
Industry placed far ahead OF
Government in such categories
as encouragement OF initia-
tive" challenging work"
achievement OF recognition in
your field"-all goals OF any
first rate professional man.
Also, industry was far ahead
of Government as far as salary
was concerned and in "compe-
tence Of supervisors" "oppor-
tunity TO learn more" working
facilities" and lack OF red
tape" in the opinion Of the
scientists and engineers who
were surveyed.
William A. Douglass, presi-
dent Of Careers Incorporated,
commented on the surveys
findings: More eloquently
than a thousand words, this
table shows how badly a career
In the Federal Government
compares TO private industry
In the eyes Of men now work.
ing In private industry. ObW-
ously the old cliche. Govern
ment needs only better salary
scales In order to compete with
industry, does not tell half the
story. AS this scale plainly re-
veals, Government salaries rep
resent only one out OF seven
critical areas that operate TO
deprive the Federal service OF
our best engineering and SCI
entific talent"
The dim view OF Government
service taken by these scientists
and engineers would appear to
constitute a warning that
should not be ignored by ma
tional policymakers." Careers
Incorporated concludes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
BY JAMES MARROW
Associated Press Staff Writer

President Kennedy has had
some second thoughts - and
third ones. too-on Cuba.
He has been most consistent
in holding out hope for Cuban
refugees that their homeland
will be freed. But he has re-
manned vague on how the free
dom would be won.
While at one time he talked
of using only radio, teleVision,
the press and moral power
against Cuba, he later backed
an invasion.
At one time he was also
against boxing in the refugees,
but now he's boxing them In,
The evolution, and the
changes, In his thought can be
traced by starting with his
statements in the 1860 cam
paign. On october Is that year
he said:
I'VE must end the harass-
ment which this Government
has carried on Of liberty flowing
anti Castro forces in Cuba and
other lands. :.
g. We must recognize these
exiles and rebels represent the
real voice Of Cuba and should
not be constantly handicapped
by our immigration and JUS
tice Department authorities"
Stresses Legality
Five days later he was say
ing: I'VE must attempt to
strengthen the non.B atista
democratic anti Castro forces
in exile. and in Cuba itself,
who offer eventual hope of
overthrowing Castro. Thus far
these fighters for freedom have
had virtually no support from
our Government"
What did this mean: Raids?
An invasion2 II wouldn't seem
so from what he said October
%, 1860:
II have stated that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03

servatory, speculated the Rus
SLAMS will try to land the space
vehicle on the moon intact. He
said this seems the next logical
step in the Soviet space pro-
gram.
After its launching yesterday,
the Russians said the rocket
will reach the area Of the
moon in three and one half
days, presumably late Friday or
early Saturday.
The Russians gave no clear
picture Of how the rocket was
launched.
The communique was inter-
preted by some to mean q sort
Of mother ship was put into
orbit around the earth and the
moon rocket fired from that.
Another Interpretation was
that the moon vehicle itself was
put into q parking" orbit
around the world and then, at
the desired time and point in
space. sent on to the moon.
Capsule Heavy
1t was the first Soviet moon
shot announced since 1859, and
the instrument capsule was five
times heavier than It's three
predecessors, testifying to the
tremendous lift power Of the
Soviet rockets. The feat i'm
pressed Washington.
Senator Cannon, Democrat Of
Nevada, a member Of the Sen.
ate Space Committee, said 4
showed the Russians obviously
are much more advanced II
some techniques than thu
United States.
Supporters Of the program Il
get an American on the moor
saw the shot as a challenge
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
Algeria NotionuIizes
50 Privute Hotels

AGIERS,. April 8 (AP).-
Sixty-nine privately owned
hotels were seized and ma
tionalized yesterday in an ex-
panding program Of socializing
Algeria.
The government announced
that the hotels were in the
Algiers area. They win be run
BY the government
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03
Lunik Is Halfway to Moon,
Its Mission Still a Mystery

Lunik-4 is intended either to
land an unnamed observation
station on the moon or orbit
the moon to take detailed pho
tographs and to gather other
data.
Such preliminaries are in
dispensable to landing a man,
and "a big range OF studies
must be carried out before man
flies there" wrote Astrophysi-
cist Yuri Lipsky in Pravda to-
day.
However, the Soviet govern
ment gave no hint Of Lunik's
mission. Close studies of state
ments by Soviet scientists who
should know turned up few
clues.
Nikolai Barabashov of the
Kharkov Observatory men,
toned the need for better pho
tographs and a robot observa-
tory in an article he wrote for
the Soviet news agency Tass.
Vladimir Siforov, a radio en-
cheering and electronic expert,
predicted that Lunik-4 will
help to introduce clarity in
photos Of the lunar surface and
to measure more accurately the
height of the lunar mountains
and the depths of the craters. ="
Mr.. Lipsky said. 1.-THE physi-
cal conditions on the lunar sur
face must be studied as we'll
as its soil and its temperature
The density and composition of
the lunar atmosphere must be
analysed. The small details OF
its relief must be photographed
and the radiation and seismic
conditions determined"
He did not say how many Of
these tasks Lunik-4 viii under
take.
Sir Bernard Lowell, director
Of Britain's Jodrell Bank OBJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03

ugees didn't use American
bases for future raids. Mr.. Ken
nedy cracked down on them.
Last Saturday the State and
Justice Departments said the
United States would take ev-
cry step necessary" to see that
refugees didn't use American
bases.
The statement indicated in
tensified action by the Coast
Guard. FBI and immigration
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-03

and Customs Services. an &C
ton which recalled Mr.. Ken
nedy's 1860 complaint against
handicapping the refugees.
On Sunday a Justice Depart
ment spokesman said Is Gu
bans in Florida had been re-
stricted to the Miami area.
And the British cooperating
with the United States. grabbed
a refugee raider and its crew
Of II in the Bahamas.