davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Find Two Guilty
In us Airmun's
Death In France

EVREUX, France CUPID =
Two Negro American soldiers
were convicted Monday night of
unprecedented murder in the
death Of a white airman as a
result Of a fight at the us. air
base here.
Four other soldiers, including
one white, were scheduled to be
tried Wednesday on similar
charges arising from the same
incident last Sept. 6.
The verdict Monday night was
handed down against PFC. Ray
mond G. Bost Jr., q, Of Pitts
burgh, Pa, and PFC. Robert
Burrell, 20, of Philadelphia, Pa.
The court martial board was
made up Of 10 white officers.
Bost was sentenced to Is
years at hard labor and Burrell
was sentenced to II years, but
each of the terms is subject to
an automatic review by Army
officials in Europe and in Wash
ington.
They were convicted in con-
nection with the death of Air
man &c Robert Padgett Of
Woodlawn, Va, in a base hos
pital a few hours after the fight.
He received a fractured skull
and a blood clot.
The prosecution charged the
soldiers rushed into an Air
Force barracks carrying steel
bars and sticks in an unpro-
voked attack. Some other air.
men were injured in the fight,
but not seriously.
The defense claimed the sol
diers entered the barracks to
discuss racial questions and
that the fight broke out when
someone shouted a racial insult
to the Negroes.
81 am shocked" Capt. Nor
man H. Kirshman, a defense at
torney, said after the verdict.
Il hope you have clear con-
Sciences" he told the court.
"Any possible future they (the
defendants) have had you have
destroyed"
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Fire Destroys
Trailer In Pas

A 25-foot house trailer on
KrebS Lane was destroyed by
fire about 9 pm. Monday, Pas
cagoula firemen reported to-
day.
The trailer, owned by Negro
E. L. Garner Of Pascagoula,
caught fire from the inside. ORR
gin of the blaze is unknown,
said firemen, and amount of
damages were not disclosed.
Garner told firemen he had
some men lacking up the trailer,
when the fire was first spotted.
Firemen said the trailer was al
ready destroyed before the call
came in, and then no address
was given as to the location of
the fire.
Three firemen from Lake Ave
nue. station made the call.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
No Major Clue
In kidnapping Of
Young Sinutra

STATELINE, New. CUPI)-
Police officials in two states to-
day turned their attention from
six heavily armed bank rob-
berry suspects to the snow-cov-
cred Sierra in their search for
Frank Sinatra Jr., who was
kidnapped at gunpoint from his
motel room at this Lake Tahoe
gambling center.
The suspected bank robbers
were seized with a-smaH arse
nal 20 miles from the kidnap
scene in California Monday. Au-
thorities at first indicated the
six might be connected with the
kidnapping.
But late Monday night the
FBI said the only eyewitness to
the abduction, Sinatra'S room
mate, was unable to make "a
positive Identification Of any Of
the six men,"
The development apparently
left police without a major clue
to the kidnapping. Officials re-
peatedly refused to answer
newsmen's questions, deepening
the mystery that surrounds the
disappearance of the 19-year-
Continued on page p
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Fireworks Sale
To Be Stopped
In Pas Dec. 10

Pascagoula, Acting Police
Chief j. B. Gibson told The
Chronicle today he is warning
every local merchant to dispose
of all fireworks displays before
Monday or be brought to City
Court.
He said there is an ordinance
against fireworks and the sale
of such will not be tolerated
within the city limits.
"Of course we cannot arrest
every child that is caught shoot
ing the fireworks" he said, "but
we can sure stop fireworks from
being sold"
And he added, "This ordinance
will be strictly enforced by my
self"
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Mp 0s Two
OF Top Gainers
During October

The Pascagoula business di-
strict gained 4 index points for
a total of 2O6 during the month
of October, the Mississippi State
University business index re-
ported today.
Two cities in the district,
Ocean Springs and Moss Point,
showed business increases that
were among the highest in the
state.
Ocean Springs gained 81 points
during the month, for a total of
243, and Moss Point gained 10
for a total of 147.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Toys For Tots
Program Nears
YuIe DeudIine

Christmas is nearing and the
Toys for Tots program is STEP
ping up, officers of sponsoring
Les Girls Club Of Pascagoula,
said today.
Donations of both toys and
money are being accepted
through Dec. %.
To date donations have been
received from Cats Pharmacy,
Gulf Mills, B. F. Goodrich, Fer
rer Motor Co., Pascagoula Elec-
trio, Baber's Firestone, Everett's
Hardware, Applewhite'S Air Con-
ditioning, Brumfield's, Jacks
Barber Shop, Toms Super Mar
ket, johnson Bros. Jewelry,
Bush Office Supply, Buffers,
Western Auto, K & M Motors,
BreIand & Hatten, DR.. S. B. Nc
Twain and K. M. Beach.
At the Dec. 3 meeting, Mrs.
Glenn Ryder presented the pro-
gram which began with a read
ing Of the Christmas story by
Mrs. frankie Larson.
MesdameS Walter Haarala
Stanley Peterson, Gun McGrath,
Jerry Walker and Francis Haar-
ala modelled hats which they
had made and prizes went to
Mrs. Walker and Mrs. Francis
Haarala.
Christmas gifts were ex-
changed and refreshments
served.
New members attending were
Mrs. Ronnie Dossett, James
Gully, Walker, Billy Larson.
Jim Withers, Peterson, Walter
Langston, McGrath, Butch Pow.
erS and Harvey Polk. Honorary
member Mrs. Robert Atwood
was also present.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Weather
CLOUDY. WARM

Middle Gulf: Variable winds 5
to Is knots today becoming east
to southeast IL to % knots
Wednesday. Partly cloudy
weather.
Coastal: Variable winds S to
Is knots becoming southeast and
south 10 to 20 knots tonight and
Wednesday. Mostly cloudy
weather with occasional rain
Wednesday.
Mobile Vicinity: Mostly
cloudy and warmer today, to-
night and Wednesday. Occasion
al light rain Wednesday. South
erly winds 8 to IS miles per
hour. High today 65, low
Wednesday As.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10

represents about 800 persons in
the Bayou Casotte area, had
previously requested that the
trial be held next term, as there
were numerous papers" to be
examined.
Karl Wiesenburg, attorney for
the city, had urged an early
trial, after pointing out that a
SIS million bond validation on a
proposed sewer and water SyS-
tenn for Bayou CaSotte was be-
ing held up.
Two other attorneys involved
in the case, Sid Beck and John
F. Bryan, are representing indi-
vidual residents of the Bayou
Casotte area.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
OddfeIiows Fefe
Judge In Pas

Over 200 Oddfellows from
three states met in Pascagoula
Saturday night to honor Judge
Kermit Cofer, Deputy Sovereign
Grand Master Of the worldwide
Independent Order Of Oddfel-
lows.
District 8 lodges were in
charge Of the meeting which
consisted Of a seafood and chick
en- banquet and various cere-
monies honoring Cofer, who now
holds the second highest office
in the international organization.
Guests from throughout Mis-
sissippi, Alabama and Louisiana
attended the meeting.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10

he t0lQ DemOcrduc congress
sional leaders to impress on
the House Of Representatives
that the issue "cannot be ig-
nored for another 100 years or
even another 100 days"
Johnson was quoted by
Speaker John W. Mccormack
as making the remark after he
was briefed on an effort to pry
civil rights legislation out Of
the House Rules Committee
through a discharge petition.
To force the committee to
give up control Of the bill, the
discharge petition must have
218 SignatureS-or a majority
Of the House. The petition was
filed Monday and in the
first day attracted 131 sigma
lures. The number was ex-
pected to swell to 165 or ITO by
Wednesday.
Mccormack said Johnson was
told that the number Of signerS
would grow in the coming days.
Mccormack told newsmen af-
ter the unusually long leader
ship meeting with the Presi-
dent - lasting about two hours
that he hoped education and
appropriation bills could be ap-
proved and signed into law
within the next two weeks.
He said the President was
Every much interested in the
discharge petition" on the civil
rights bill. Then Mccormack
added, reading from a type
written note:
"The President urged us to
impress on the House that this
great issue cannot be ignored
for another 100 years or even
another 100 days."
"The civil rights bill is de-
signed to fight racial discrimi-
nation in voting, education, en-
ployment, public accommoda-
tons and in the use Of federal
funds.
Though the bill is supported
by the leadership Of both par
ties, the procedure adopted by
the Democratic leaderS-use Of
a discharge petition to pry the
bill away from the rules COM
mittee-does not have the back
ing Of senior House Republi-
cans. They have endorsed the
proposal of rules committee
Continued on page D
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
November Tons
Through Port
TotoI 566,558

The Jackson County Port
Authority reported today that
SEC, $50 tons moved through the
Port of Pascagoula during the
month of November. Most of
the tonnage, which consisted
chiefly Of grain and bulk oil, was
outbound, with 79,425 tons in
bound.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
BY KEN ERNST
Chronicle Correspondent

A rare form Of marine life
not usually found on the beach
es Of the Gulf Coast was dis
covered by three young girls as
they toured the beach Saturday
morning.
Joan Marie Bulls, age 9;
Nancy Vann, age 8 and Brenda
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Escotawpu Vols
Put OUT Bluze

The Escatawpa Volunteer
Fire Department answered a
call to a brush fire in the Four
Mile Greek area Monday after
noon at about 4:3O.
The fire was extinguished be-
fore damage to nearby houses
could occur. The Escatawpa
volunteers were assisted by
state forestry workers
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Octopus Caught By Trio
Of Girls On Pas Beach

older girls calmly lifted the
eight-tentacled octopus into the
bucket and moved off toward
home with their catch.
Measuring four foot from the
tip Of one tentacle to the tip OF
another the octopus didn't really
brighten the older two girls but
said Brenda Il was really a lit
tie bit scared"
The chronicle., 1963-12-10

Vann age 7 suddenly came upon
an octopus summing itself on the
beach sand.
The sea creature, still alive,
was just a few feet from the
waters edge and Jean Marie inn
mediately scampered back to
the Vann household to get a
bucket.
Then with two sticks the two
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Trumun Is Slated
For Coast Meet

GULFPORT, Miss. (UP)-Al
Weodard, president of the Har-
rison County Young Democrats,
said today former President
Harry Truman will address the
organization here in mid-Janu-
airy.
Woodland said Truman would
appear at a Embarrassing dinner
which will likely be held be-
tween Jan. Is and 20.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10

on a desirable time"
Corban said he felt the case
should be tried sometime in
January, and that his goal was
not to bring the trial about
hastily, but only to avoid unrea-
delay.
Attorney Boyce Hollomon, who
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
President Says
US's Military
Strength Good

WASHINGTON CUPID - Presi-
dent johnson assured congress
sional leaders today that the
United States has the military
strength to survive a surprise
attack and destroy any aggres-
Sor.
Johnson made the statement
at a briefing of top leaders
both Democratic and Republi-
can-of the House and Senate
on the relative strength of US.
and Soviet military forces.
Defense Secretary Robert 8.
Mcnamara, Secretary Of State
Dean Rusk and Central Intelli-
gence Director John McCone
participated in the hour long
briefing in the cabinet room Of
the White House.
Afterward the White House
issued only a brief statement
about the meeting. 1t said:
"The discussion covered both
the status as Of today and as
it is forecast to be through
the decade of the SOS.
"The President emphasized
that the us. military program
will continue to provide for a
strategic force sufficiently large
to absorb a surprise attack and
survive with sufficient power to
be capable of destroying the
aggressor."
One More Step
Today's briefing was reported
to be one more step in John
sons efforts to keep key con-
gressional figures fully in
formed.
The session was similar to a
briefing given at the National
Security Council meeting last
week. 1t covered both conven-
tional and nuclear forces.
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger noted that
members of Congress have re-
ceived high-level military brief
ings before but said he did not
know if they ever got a COM
parison of Soviet and us.
Strength, such as was provided
Continued on page p
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
PoscogouIo Toll
For December

DdIIIdSIo VtSE.T ,.... YN,oNJ
This ''Safe Holidays chart
sponsored by the PascagOula
JayceeS).
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Pas Annexation
Hearing Monday

The Pascagoula annexation proposal has been set
for call next Monday in Jackson County Chancery
Court. Judge L.. c. Corban said he set the date "after
it became apparent that those involved could not agree
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
johnson Renews
Appea| For Rush
In CIR Legislation
Petition Aiming
For Quick Vote

WASHINGTON UPD President Johnson today
his ~insistence that Congress act without un-
necessary delay on civil rights legislation.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
Latest Stocks
Supplied by Merriii, Lynch,
Pierce, Fenner g. Smith Inc.

After a generally quiet first
hour the market began to move
ahead fractionally. Trading ac-
ton continued at a moderate
pace.
The chronicle., 1963-12-10
wEATHER FORECAST

Mostly cloudy and warmer today,
tonight and Wednesday. Occasional
light rain Wednesday. SoItherly winds
8 to Is mph. High today IS, low We'd
nesday As. Rainfall, Monday. none.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22
FULFORD RITES

Services were held Tuesday
of this week at Greater Blail
Street A. M. E. Zion Church
for Mrs. Myra Moore Fulton
who died June 13 at the age
of 76.
Following the reading of the
scriptures by Father A. B
Keeling; prayer by the Rev
c. w. Speight; Remarks by
Mesdames Jennie r. Johnson
and Mary Ford; an original
poem by Mrs. Annie Butler;
Solo, Mrs. w. M. McCarter
Acknowledgements by Mrs
Ruby Davis; the Eulogy was
given by Presiding Elder D
S. Williams.
A native of Crystal Springs
Mrs. Fulford had lived in Jack
son for many years. She was
married to the late Rev. David
Grady and later to the late
Rev. Moses F. Fulford.
She is survived by a daugh
ter, Miss Johnney Grady OF
Jackson; and a son, Algermon
Grady of Los Angeles. Inter
ment was in Willow Park.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22

Hurley, Mrs. Tarea H. Pitt
man, Clarence Laws, obert
L. Carter, obert w. Saund-
ers, L. c. Bates, Clarence
Mitchell, Henry Lee Moon,
and Derrick Bell of the MA
ACP Legal Defense and Edu-
cational Fund.
Also oy euther, Jack Ed
wards, Horace Sheffield, Mrs.
Mildred Jeffrey and William
A. Oliver, United Automobile
Workers, AFL : CIO, Detroit,
Mich; Arnold Felman, Mich
ael Straight, DIR. Paul Cook,
Frank We'll, Congressman Will
liam S. Ryan, American Vet
Grams Committee; Congress
man Charles Diggs; Vincent
Shean, author; Dick Gregory;
John Doar, u. S. Department
of Justice; James Farmer,
Congress of Racial Equality ;
Frank Reeves, Democratic N
tional Committeeman; DR.. T.
j. Jamison, National Baptist
Convention; Rev. DR.. Mart
in L u t h e King, Reverends
Ralph Abernathy, Wyatt Tee
Walker, G Gorge Lawren-
ce, Southern Christian Lead
ership Conference; Theophil-
us M. Taylor, United Presty-
terian Church; A. Dudley
Ward, National Council of
Churches; B. Raynal Ariatti,
Catholic Council on Human
Relations; Vernon Jordan,
Southern Regional Council.
Bishop David H. Sims, Afri-
can M e t h o d t Episcopal
Church; j. st. Clair Dranke:
and Phillip Weightman, ALL
CIO Political Action Commit.
tee.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22
Ground Breaking in DC.
For Bethune House Project

WASHINGTON, D. C.-Mrs.
Daisy E. Lampkin Of Pitts
burgh, chairman Of the Edu-
cation Foundation Of the Ma
tional Council Of Negro Wom-
en-, Inc, officiated at the
ground-breaking ceremony on
the site of Bethune House, 4o1
Chaplin ST., S. E. highlighting
the councils commemoration
observance. The ceremony
was witnessed by local and
out-of-town council members.
Bethune House, when built,
will consist of Al apartments
built under an insured loan ac-
cording to the provisions in
the relocation sections Of the
National Housing Act.
Bethune House Is the first
project in the u. S. or else
where under Federal Housing
Administration Jurisdiction for
which a women's organization
has served as a developer or
sponsor. The Educational
Foundation of the National
Council will be producing the
first new housing under the
special relocation housing pro-
gram in the District of Col
umbia.
Bethnne House viii consist
Of one and two bedroom apart.
ments in the four-story, air
conditioned elevator building
In addition there will be on
site parking and a play area
with special equipment for
children.
Trustee in charge of the
project is Judge Marjorie Nc
lenzie Lawson.
The festivities were brought
o a close at NEA Auditorium
where plaques were presented
% four young Washington
women for outstan din {
achievement by Miss Althea
Gibson, Community Relations
Representative for Ward Bak
ing Company and former
women's tennis champion.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22
THOUGHT FOR TODAY:

1HOUGd1 rOR 1ODA
"Truth is more eloQuen
lived than spoken"
PREPAR TIONS FOR
FIRST CLASS CITIZENSHIP
AS we go about preparing our.
selves and our children for 9
better and fuller life, il
would be well that we adhere
to the sound logic to be found
in the following words that
we read recently. Most
of us begin life seeing JOY
through GETTING and have
to learn that the deepest sat
isfaction comes through SER
WING. There is a univer-
sal law that the HAPPIEST
PEOPLE ARE. THOSE WHO
DO MOST FOR OTHERS" +.
But there is something mighty
fine we can do for. ourselves
if we have not already
done it. and that, BE-
COME A QUALIFIED VOT-
Err. be able to take an
intelligent part in our govern
ment on all levels. be able
to, VOTE YOUR CONVIC-
TIONS. to VOTE FOR MEN
AND WOMEN who can and
will do the best for all citi-
zenS. Remember. A
VOTELESS PEOPLE WILL
FOREVER BE A HOPELESS
PEOPLE.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22
FAMILY NIGHT AT
UNITED CHRISTIAN
| ICHTIRCH

The u n i t e d Christian
Church Christian Women
Fellowship sponsored Fam.
lily Night program on last
Sunday night, at which an in
spirational address was given
by Mr.. c. c. Mosley, Sr., well
known civic and church work.
er, whose subject was, "Fel'
lowShip, The Basis of Unity in
the Church. After the pro
gram members and friends
went into the education area
where they were served a de-
licious repass by Misses Viii
ma Mosley and Curtis Steen
Gross. Other members pres
ent were: Mrs. Bertha Brown
Mrs. A. F. Smith, Mrs. Minnie
Mallard, Mrs. Gladys Gill
Mrs. Verona Ratten, Mrs. Ro
mona ]. Suffers, Mrs. c. j
Warner, Mrs. Beulah Gross
Mrs. Ruth Hobbs, Mrs. Annie
Lee Thomas and Mrs. M. L
Pender. Elder w. 0. Gill
pastor, Mrs. Beulah Gross
president.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22
WESLEYAN SERVICE
GUILD CENTRAL
METHODIST CHURCH

The initial meeting of the
ERIN ROGERS WESLEYAN
SERVICE GUILD for this
conference year met Wednes.
day, June IL, 1868 at 6: p. m,
in the home of Mrs. Elmetta
Davenport, hostess.
The president, Miss Hazel ].
Hardy, declared this meeting
open, and devotion was led by
Mrs. Nettie Spence.
Objectives and activities for
this conference year were out,
lined in this meeting.
The program for this month
was held by Miss Paretha
Sampson, Vice President OF
the Guild. Participants were,
Mrs. Marie A. Carter, Mrs
Nettle Spence and Miss 0
Bryne Price, District Guild
Secretary.
A delicious repass was serv
ed by the hostess and enjoyed
by everyone. Miss Sampson ex
tended appreciation to the hos
tess for the group.
Everyone left the meeting
with the feeling that the
proper step forward had beer
made toward successful year
of work.
Miss Hazel j. Hardy, Presi
dent.
Rev. Wendell p. G. Taylor
Minister.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22
Thousands Attend
CONTINUED from mage IL

National Association for the
Advancement of Colored Peo-
pie in December 1864 as Field
Secretary and served until his
death. &c is survived by a w
and three children sses, 1..ne,
eight and three.
After the funeral services a
procession of over five thous-
and persons followed the body
back to the Frazier & Collins
Funeral Home from which it
will be shipped to Washing
ton, d. c., for burial with mil
itary honors in the Arlington
National Cemetery.
Following the funer a l
procession for which the city
had granted parade permit,
a group of the marchers pro-
ceeded from the funeral home
towards c a p t o ! Street, the
city's main thoroughfare.
They were met by police who
herded them into a side street.
A potentially dangerous situ-
alton was averted when John
Doar, a Department of Justice
attorney in the civil rights di-
vision, prevailed upon the
demonstrators to disperse. Ne
gro clergymen joined him in
a plea for dispersal.
Among hundreds of out of
town visitors paying tinal
tribute to the slain NAACP
leader were NAACP Board
Members: DR.. Ralph j. Bum
che, c. l.. Darden, Alfred Bak-
er Lewis, DIR. H. Claude Hud-
son, James Stewart, DR.. Eu-
gene T. Reed, Jack E. Tan
ner, Kelly Alexander, Mrs.
Daisy Bates and William r.
Ming.
NAACP Vice Presidents /:
DR.. Algernon Black, John
Hammond. z. Alexander Loo
by and A. T. Walden.
NAACP Branch and State
Conference Officials: Mrs.
Bera Mae Pigee, Clarksdale,
Miss; Mrs. Mercedes Wright,
er and Mrs. Maxine A. Smith,
Memphis. Tenn; DR.. Charles
r. Roquemore, Wellington,
Kans.; DIR. L. H. Holman, Jol-
let, ILL.,; William H. Booth,
Jamaica, N. Y; w. Lester
Banks, Richmond, Va; DR..
B. E. Murph, Laurel, Miss. !;
DR.. Gilbert Mason, Biloxi,
Miss; and Mrs. Clara Luper,
Oklahoma City, Okla.
NAACP staff members pres
ent, in addition to Mr.. Wilk-
ins, inclnded John A. Morsell,
Gloster B. Current. Mrs. uby
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22

ity, Harry Faggett, DR.. Rhod-
ney Higgins, Huel Perkins,
DR.. Carl Marshall; Grambl-
ing, Roy Moss, DR.. Mary w.
Hymon, DR.. Bessie E. Dicker-
son, DR.. George w. Horton;
Jackson State, DR.. Jane Meal
lister, Harry j. Wander, III,
B. c. Price, H. T. Sampson,
DR.. r. H. Jefferson, Lee E..
Williams, Gene Mosley, Joe
Darden, and Miss Barbara
Merrell. Others present in
cluded Thomas E. Jolly, Com
munication Consultant for
Southern Bell Telephone and
Telegraph Company.
The Mississippi enterprise., 1963-06-22

The May meeting OF the admin
istrative board of the Community
Hospital for Negroes at 1909 Wig
gins Street was held at College
Park auditorium with the follow
ing persons in attendance: Mes
DANES Phineas Stevens. George
Butler, Herbert Langsford. L.
Ross, c. c. Mosley Sr.. Ada B.
Adams, Amanda Turner. z.
Sampson, Elise Williams. Brown
and M. M. Hubert and Miss Dish
man, A. P. Johnson, DR.. Miller
and the Rev. Black. Chairman l.
S. Sanders presided.
The hospital report. read BY
Mrs. Turner In the absence of
the chairman. showed IL patients
served with DR.. W. E. Miller Civ
ing free medical service.
The chairman reported that the
Jackson Professional Beauticians
Club, Mrs. Sidney Marshall OF
il0a Hickory Street. president.
had given television for the
women's ward. This is the second
set given. by this group to the
hospital.
Miss Charlotte Capers had sent
a check for SOS to be used for the
hospital in any manner which the
board saw fit. A report was also
made concerning the benefit pro-
gram sponsored by the Sunny
Dale Garden Club for the hos
pital building fund. Mrs. Robbie
Owens. president of the club,
presented to the Board a purse
Of $25792 from this effort.
New members at this meeting
were Mesdames Stevens, Adams
and Williams.