davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-02-09

DOLL HOUSE PLANS AVAILABLE: You detsIsd soys
Aehteets SkshboOk The Washington so Boz z7 General Pest
Office New York I. Y.
Psoss send Doll House Plans S-%
CITY ond state
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
Senate Measure Viewed as Involving
Change in Constitutional System

ion. But the courts would
thereby usurp a power they
never really we're granted by
the Constitution. The courts
are authorized to interpret"
but not to rewrite, the Con-
stitution.
The new bill reported from
the Senate Commerce Com
mittee makes the broad
statement that racial or reli-
gious discrimination Is "a
violation Of the spirit and
letter" Of the Constitution.
But the only place where the
Constitution forbids a elton
that denies equal protec-
ton" to all citizens is in the
Fourteenth Amendment, and
this deals with State action
alone. The Supreme Court in
1883, moreover, ruled that
the Federal Government it.
self couldn't legally pass a
public accommodations" law
based on the Fourteenth
Amendment to deal with pri-
vate discrimination.
The Department Of Justice
abandoned, however, the idea
of basing its public accom-
modations" proposals on the
Fourteenth Amendment and
announced that 1t would rely
instead on the Commerce
Clause" of the Constitution.
But the Supreme Court has
already said, in effect, that
the Commerce Clause" APP
plies primarily to the ship
ment Of goods or the travel
Of persons actually passing
from State to State. Under
the Courts rulings, there can
be, for instance, no racial
discrimination on planes,
railroad trains or buses that
operate across State lines.
But nowhere in the Su-
preme Courts decisions is
there any approval given to
the use Of the Commerce
Clause" to interfere with the
operations Of businesses in
their customer relationships.
Yet the Senate bill specifi-
cally forbids discrimination
''in any hotel, motel or other
public place engaged in fur
nishing lodging to transient
guests, including guests from
other States or travelling in
interstate commerce" The
bill also forbids discrimina-
ton in any m o tion-picture
house, theater, sports arena,
exhibition hall or public
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

mer FBI agent, said the pro-
posed legislation might let the
CHA director make his own de-
finition of hazardous" and also
give him blanket power to fire
practically anybody.
Mr.. Rivers urged approval of
the bill so that CHA hazardous
duty employees could receive
essentially the same liberal re-
tirement and disability pay
ments that have applied for
years to some classifications of
FBI and Foreign Service en-
ployes. One provision would
permit retirement with annuity
b en- efits at age so after 20
years service.
Mr.. Rivers said the number
of CHA employees was "classi-
fled" Thus, he said, he was
unable to estimate 80 per cent
Of that unknown factor. But he
promised to find out.
Colleagues told Mr.. Rivers he
must have made a particularly
persuasive presentation to win
the Armed Services Commit
tees unanimous approval of
the bill September "a.
But as far as my presenta-
ton to the Rules Committee Is
concerned" Mr.. Rivers sighed,
about all I have left is my ho-
nesty."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
Mrs. Mus Father
Plans U. S. Tour

NEW YORK, Oct. 10 CAP).-
Tran Van Chuong. father Of
Mrs. Ngo Dinh Nhu, is plan
ming a speaking tour Of his
own in the wake Of his daugh-
ter's coast-to-coast travels.
Mr.. Chuong has been booked
by a commercial lecture bureau
to speak October 10 at the
University Of Nebraska. October
IS at the University Of Mis-
souri,. October % at Boston
University, October 80 at Wes-
leyan University in Middletown,
Conn, and October 81 at Bran
deis University in Waltham,
Mass.
Mr.. Chuong resigned as South
Wet Nam Ambassador to the
United States in August in pro-
test against the policies Of
President Ngo Dinh Diem, Mrs.
Mus brother-in-law.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
Viewed as Possibly Undermining
US. Decision to Stick With Diem

its success viii depend sub
stantially on this govern
m ent's ability to surmount
its recent division, which left
many scars upon the rela-
tionships between officials
and agencies.
The division has been DIFF
ficult to contain because
there was validity on both
sides. The feeling Of State
Department officials, part
icularly Averell Hartman
and Roger Hilsman. that the
United States could not af-
ford the onus Of support for
an autocratlc and oppressive
regime was countered by the
confidence Of the Pentagon
that the war against the Wet
Cong could be won despite
this liability.
The State Department ex-
pected that its indignation at
the pagoda raids could force
a reform of the Diem gov
eminent or its replacement
by more moderate leaders.
But the ways Of the East are
stu b born-neither the re-
forms or the alternative gov
eminent developed, and the
Department was left to deal
with q regime that it had
bitterly reproved.
The emotions arising from
this Illustration led to criti-
cisms of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency as the covert
force that was holding the
Mus in power and obstruct-
ing the Departments pol
icies. These laments found
their way into the press and
stirred the latent congress
sional uneasiness at the OBJ
scure nature Of the agency'S
operations.
But the criticisms have
been rejected by the top Off
cials closest to the situation.
The CHA appears in the pri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
ADVERTISEMENT

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

The citizen reads in his
newspaper that the Senate
Commerce Committee h as
report rte d a bill which, If
enacted into law. would bar
racial or religious discrimi-
nation in hotels, motels, res
taurants, theaters, retail
stores and almost every other
place of business serving the
public. At first glance, this
looks like a worthy measure.
For who really believes that
racial or religious discrimi-
nation in public places is in
itself morally justified?
But this very proposal
strikes at the heart Of consti-
tutional government In the
United States. There isn't
the slightest constitutional
basis for the passage Of such
q bill. In fact, the Supreme
Court Of the United States
has never stretched the so
called Commerce Clause" Of
the Constitution to uphold
any measure even remotely
resembling the bill just re-
ported to the Senate by its
Commerce Committee.
Almost every Am erican
who doesn't believe that "the
end justifies the means" and
who feels that, no m after
how grave the injustice, 1t
should be cured only by con-
stitutional means, will find
himself wondering whether
the action of the Senate
committee indicates a trend
toward an abandonment of
the safeguards Of the Consti-
tuition. He will ask himself
whether m bocracy-or
street demonstrations" plus
thre t@h a S inundated
members Of c congress and
caused them to support q
measure which most Of them
know in their hearts is not
constitutional.
There is a way to correct
any injustice done any group
in the community If present
constitutional provisions do
not apply. 1t can be done by
amending the Constitution.
This requires a two-t hir d S
vote Of both houses of Con-
gress an ratification by
three fourths of the States.
The argument is made that
this process is too slow and
that it's quicker to appoint
judges who will rewrite the
Constitution by judicial opin-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
CHARLES BARTLETT
Mrs. Nhu Running Constant Risk

vate record to have per-
formed its assignments well
in South Wet Nam. One Of
these assignments was to
maintain direct dealings with
Ngo Dinh Nhu. Mrs. Mus
husband and the central fig
ure in the Buddhist contro-
versy. The nature and extent
Of this haison were judged
necessary in Washington be-
cause Of Mus power and the
CHA cannot be blamed for his
intrsnsigence.
The President summoned
his Executive Committee, the
inner core Of trusted advisers
that was born in the Cuban
missile crisis, 10 bridge the
dispute among his officials.
He invited the former Am
baSsador to Saigon, Frederick
Noting. to sit with the Ex-
comm while taking pains to
assure the present Ambassa-
dor, Henry Cabot Lodge, that
he stood ready to back his
tactical judgments.
Cohesion has slowly en-
erged from an untidy situa-
ton. The CHA chief in Sal
gon, John Richardson, must
be replaced because his cover
has been destroyed. Some
American officials there will
be recalled if they seem inca
pable Of working with the
Diem government. But Lodge
and the military commander,
Paul Harkins, have q firm
relationship and the expecta-
ton is that President Diem
will cooperate to prosecute
the war.
Mrs. Nhu can disrupt this
fragile harmony If she uses
her visit to agltage the de-
bate on the merits Of the
Diem government. It seems
less practical to resolve this
question than to make the
most of the dry season in the
campaign to get rid Of the
Communist guerrillas.
q 1864
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
Proposal Viewed as Shabby Apology
In Majority Secretary Boxers Case
DORIS FLEESON

The Senate. which has
never deigned to consider its
own conflicts Of interest. is
talking about framing a code
Of ethics for Senate staffs.
This would represent its apol-
Ogy in the case of Robert O.
Bobby Baker. who resigned
as majority secretary only a
few minutes before he was to
discuss his lucrative private
business with senior Sena-
tors.
1t is q shabby and sancti-
monious one. Congressional
staffs are as honest as the
Congress which employs
them and not more so.
Baker initiated some bad
examples around here and
has been caught doing 1t.
Great blame lies with senior
Senators who pride them
selves on being custodians Of
the noblest traditions of the
Senate. They are the So
calle d Establishment, and
they resist change IN the in
stitution they control. 1t is
now shown that in their
preoccupation with their
power system, they lost con-
troll of one Of their most i'm
portant employees.
The man most greatly
harmed politically by Bakers
fall from grace is his long
time sponsor, Vice President
johnson.
When Senator Mansfield
succeeded TO the leadership,
he kept Bobby in difference
to Bobby's experience and to
johnson. who had put Mans
field in the line of succession.
1t was a fateful decision for
the kindly Mansfield and for
the Democratic Party.
For apart from the head
lines, it is a well-known
fact that among Bobby's ad-
mirers. another Bobby, the
Attorney General, is not in
cluded.
A natural friction arose
between them when Kennedy
was pushing his brother's
presidential candidacy and
Baker was pushing john
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
PUZZLES AND ENIGMAS
GA Retirement Bill
Battles Rules Group

disability benefit system for
"cc tain employees" of the CHA.
Speaking for the Armed
Services Committee, he admit
ted he was in the dark about a
lot of things about the CHA. He
said he understood tha t the
certain employees" were in ha-
zardous duty and constituted
about 80 per cent of the agen-
cy's personnel.
Chairman Smith, Democrat
of Virginia, tried in vain to
determine why the words "ha-
zardouS duty" were not defined
or even mentioned in the bill.
He and several colleagues
also wondered whether any
clear and present danger justi-
fied apparently absolute au-
thority for the CHA director to
assign employees to such duty
or retire them for undisclosed
reasons and without recourse.
Representative Allen Smith,
Republican of California, a for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
By ROBERT X. WALSH
star staff Writer

often a bit mysterious itself
the House Rules Committee
was baffled today by an inscru-
table Central Intelligent e
Agency bill.
The deceptively simple mea-
sure dealt with retirement pay
for CHA employees who engage
in hazardous cloak and dagger
duty-except that it didn't ex-
plicitly say so. Finding still
other puzzles and enigmas, the
committee reserved action
until the lid is lifted bit more.
The committee started look
ing into the matter at an open
hearing yesterday because the
Armed Services Committee re-
quested that the bill be cleard
for House consideration next
week.
As explained by Representa-
tive Rivers, Democrat of South
Carolina, the bill would esta-
blish a revised retirement and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
DAVID LAWRENCE
Riqhts Bill and the Government

place Of amusement or enter
tainment. 1t would, moreover,
deny to the owners Of a bust
ness the right to choose their
own customers if "a substsn-
tial portion of the goods held
out to the public" by any
such place or establishment
has moved in interstate
commerce.
Is there any article or prod
uct today which is sold in
any store or business which
doesn't have parts or materi-
ais that were obtained from
other States? No such broad
claim to jurisdiction has ever
been made before. A Senator
quipped the other day that
even birth control to hold
down population could be
forced on the pubic at any
time merely by claiming that
the diapers or safety pins
used by b a bies had been
shipped in interstate COM
merce.
Incidentally, the restric-
tons which are obstensibly
proposed so as to ban racial
or religious discrimination in
public accommodations"
would also give the Federal
Government power to regu-
late hiring and firing. 1t may
certainly raise questions as
to whether seniority" privi-
leges in labor unions can
hereafter be sustained. For
they are a form Of discrimi-
nation as between workers.
And, If the Conn cree
Clause" gives the Federal
Government a right to sit In
judgment on certain ques-
tons of discrimination as be-
tween persons who buy from
or work for businesses whose
products have been obtained
in whole or IN part from 9TH
er States, then labor unions
could eventually find them
selves under strict Govern.
ment regulation and supervi-
sion Of all their operations.
There is, of course, no con-
stitutional basis for such in
tervention.
The more the Senate bill Is
examined, the more it will be
found to involve q revolu-
tionary change in the Ameri-
can constitutional system.
For, If upheld by the SUI
preme Court, it could mean
that the Commerce Clause"
would virtually set aside all
other provisions and Itself
become. for all practical pur-
poses, the whole Constitu-
ton.
g 1868, N. Y. Herald Tribune, Inc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

Her features are more deli
cate than her phrases and
Mrs. Ngo Dinh Nhu will run
a constant risk. while she Wis
its this country, of under
mining the administrations
renewed decision to try to see
1t through in South Wet
Nam with her famfly's re-
gime.
She cannot win her case In
the public forum, where
there is little detailed inter-
est In the pros and cons Of
the Diem administration. But
she can easily hurt her case
in the Washington forum,
where President Kennedy is
struggling to maintain a con-
sensus that the military eff
fort in South Wet Nam must
be pursued in spite of the
Mus.
She is attractive and pun
gent and she will have great
access to the public, but she
cannot expect to impress the
officials, who remain sharply
divided on the key question
Of whether it is possible to
win In South Wet Nam
against the h dicap Of
President Diem's lack Of
standing with his people.
The public here cannot de-
eide the rights and wrongs in
the Buddhist prosecutions.
Mrs. Nhu will be raising is
sues that the administration
has determined to ignore In a
priority effort to establish a
military security in South
Wet Nam that will enable
the country to deal with its
political problems without
the threat Of c m unist
subversion.
The President settled upon
this policy after a bitter in
ternal struggle among his
officials. The policy is recog-
nized as a gamble at best and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

sons. 1t was aggravated
when the Kennedys became
convinced Baker was exceed
ing his authority in the Sen
ate to help johnson and hurt
Senator John F. Kennedy.
There is much talk now
among insiders about the ap-
parent promptness Of the
FBI and the Internal Rev.
enue Service in probing the
Baker case. The Vice Presi-
dents friends, always sus-
picious Of his real standing
with the Kennedys and espe-
cially Of the Attorney Gener-
al, profess to believe that
such intervention is unduly
prompt and designedly so.
The Vice President wants
and expects denomination.
The Baker case could prove a
problem as the proliferating
examination of all of Bakers
affairs and conduct in office
continues.
The Senate, sorry and en-
barrassed, could, Of course,
turn its eyes upon its own
management of stats and
the examples set by Senators.
They have been invited in
various bills to state their
own finances. but only Sena-
tors Young, Clark, Scott and
Javits have voluntarily OBJ
hged.
In one measure Senator
Case, New Jersey Republican,
avoids the repugnant flavor
OF passing moral judgments
by proposing that all Federal
employees making more than
$4,000 a year disclose their
salary and perquisites, their
assets. gifts and business
transactions. 1t would also
record all ex parte commune
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

Foundations 1864 most valu.
able student competition.
For further information, con.
tact either David Berry, vii.
liam Spano or Harold Harris
all Of the Prince Georges lodge
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ballad Of the Russian wheat deals Eenie meenie mimic
mo. Bargain with your crimson foe If you catch him
take his dough. When he's fat, he may shoot slow
Eisenhower says he wants short Republican platform
One things sure If it's longer than page he won't
read it.
Bill collector: fellow who tries to keep up with the
Joneses.
Taxpayers advice: Don't worry Washington takes the
shirt off your back They've always got handy
to put 1t in.
What worries the White House about Wet Nam isn't so
much the minority Buddhist as the growing Nhudst
colony.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

The signed columns on these pages, like the
cITtooH belo, are intended to present Star readers
Nth Ctde range of opinions on issues Of the dav
including opinions Which conflict NTH our otDn
The Stars UtetOs are expressed in its editorials
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
EIks Competition
Lists Applications

Prince Georges County Lodge
No. 1778 Of the Elks is accept
ing applications from area
schools in the Elks National
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
DORIS FLEESoN
Code of Ethics for Senate Staff

cations to the Federal regu-
latory agencies. Full disclos-
ure only is asked and the
matter left to public opinion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-01
Sunday
Lion

A village priest in Belgium takes
an unusual pet on his parish calls
nMUssRs
AHE SAFEST MAN in Europe - at least on
Sunday afternoons = is the parish priest of the
tiny village Of Waarbeke, Belgium. He walks
through the cObbled streets to call on his par
ishiOners accompanied by large, loyal lion.
few months ago Father De Wolf, who
raises exotic birds, found his aviary was being
raided by rats. Guarding birds didn't seem
quite the job for an ordinary cat. Then friend
with circus connections came up with an un-
orthodox offer = Jakka. Father De Wolf, fear
less man, decided his problem was solved
1t was. Not only that, but the priests col
lections for the poor seem bigger when Jakka
goes along! -LRP.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-11-16

supervisor from Pageland fac
tory. is training young women
TO staff the plant Already, they
have made more than 500 gar
ments while learning These will
be distributed bv welfare organi-
zations to needy children
For the first two years, Page
land Manufacturing Company
will market all the garments
the new factory makes. I'VE
have head start" Mr.. Brewer
said with smile the other day
as he talked with State. Exten-
sion Supervisor f. N. Williams
who has encouraged the enter
prise.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-11-16
S. Ambassador To Niqer
Reports U.S.. Aid A Success

WASHINGTON-"We are getting won
derful return on a relatively small investment,
Ambassador Mercer Cook us envoy to the
West African Republic of Niger, says of the
US aid program in that country.
Washington born. Ambassador Cook was in
terviewed here while on leave from his post
in Nancy, the Arab-style capital of Niger A
former French colony, Niger became indepen-
dent in 1860
The former Howard University professors
particular enthusiasm is for a UNESCO-origin-
ated adult education pilot project The United
States and France have each contributed $500
to the project" he explains land the people
themselves have built their own thatch-roofed
schools The thrilling thing to see is the ex-
citement of these people as they write their
names for the first time" The Niger govern
ment plans to expand the projec this year.
"A most successful development project
in the country" Cook adds, lis a recently be-
gun model school for agriculture in Maradi an
eastern city An American technician there has
constructed a low-cost well, which is the talk
of that region, where water is a serious prob
lem.
Change is definitely afoot in this country
of million, the size Of California and Texas
combined The Common Market is financing an
IL million road program and the Niger Gov
ernment is seeking us aid for bridge across
the Niger River But confesses Cook, change
sometimes produces strange sights - like the
on camel | saw stop at the first red
traffic light set up in Nancy"
The sixtyyear-old diplomat emphasizes the
friendly reception he has had in this predomi-
nanty Moslem country. Though the people are
quite poor, they are the last word in cordiali-
ty" he relates. There is never ripple Of
trouble over ethnic or religious differences and
they appreciate the slightest sign of help"
A self-styled freshman Ambassador" Cook
is relatively new TO the diplomatic service, but
as the former foreign representative for the
American Society of African Culture, he is an
old friend of West Africa
THE Ambassador has to work on all fronts"
he observes. pointing out that his daily work
includes not only supervising us. economic
aid programs, but also administering the Peace
Corps operations Of six English teachers and
nine agricultural volunteers, and overseeing
U.S. international and cultural activities
as well as his diplomatic reporting annd rep
resentational responsibilities.
Ambassador Cook is proud OF his wife's
activities in Niger A former social worker. she
The Detroit tribune., 1963-11-16

local Rural Areas Development
Committee to which he belongs.
During committee discussion
of broader job opportunities for
all two years ago, garment maun-
facturers present suggested the
need for another factory.
Later, one of these, the owner
of Pageland Manufacturing Com
pany, which specializes in child
ren's clothing, offered to assist
Mr.. Brewer in setting up fac
tory like his own. if the teacher
and farmer could organize a
group to sponsor it.
Mr.. Brewer and neighboring
farmers jumped at the chance
The county agricultural agents