davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-04-28
BY RICHARD SPONG
Star Special Writer

About 100000 workers in the
steel industry are jobless. Many
Of the jobs these men held have
disappeared through automation.
The industry employs 10000
fewer production workers today
than it did five years ago. These
considerations must be kept in
mind in any discussion of steel
labor strategy on wages.
The timetable is this: Con-
tracts signed last spring-without
a wage Increasingly be reopened
on wages and certain other is
sues this Wednesday. Negotiators
would then have 80 days in which
to reach agreement. That would
put the strike deadline at July 81.
Incidentally. this would give nego-
tiators 80 days more bargaining
time than they had last year.
Before the round Of selective
price rises announced in mid
April, it had been believed in the
industry that the United Steel
workers might make only a token
demand, or even pass one by.
Union members had shown little
interest in a wage increase and no
desire at all to go on strike. The
talk was of a package of job
security benefits.
The reason for this apathy was
obvious. In the four counties of
Allegheny, Beaver. Washington,
and Westmoreland that make up
the Pittsburgh steel area. the
heart Of the industry, 1O.7 per
cent OF the labor force were job
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Rights:
Bobby's Tour

Attorney General Kennedy,
on a civil rights mission, Wis
tied the Deep South last week
TO talk to the Governors of Ala
bama, South Carolina and Geor-
gia. Earlier, a white integra-
ZIONIST from Baltimore was shot
to death in Alabama.
Bobby Kennedy thinks an ounce
of prevention is worth a pound of
cure, but the Governor of Ala
bama says the Attorney General
is just "whistling in Dixie" with
that message.
The two men conferred at the
State Capitol in Montgomery for
90 minutes on Thursday after po-
lice, who were out in heavy num-
bcrs to protect the visitor from
Washington, arrested II white
segregationist demonstrators for
"parading" without a permit.
Mr.. Kennedy told the Governor
that there would be no Federal
interference in Alabama if the
State enforced court orders on ra-
clal matters. But he made it plain
that the Federal Government
would DO all that was necessary
including, presumably, the dis
patch of troops to Alabama-to
enforce the orders if the State
failed to do so.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
THE NATIONAL SCENE

economizers concerns the worth
WhileneSs of the enormously ex-
pensive man-to-the-moon (Apollo)
program. Estimates, and they are
only that, of the cost of accom-
pliShing this astronomical feat are
astronomical - varying anywhere
from $50 billion to $40 billion
when the whole business is
added up.
The administration rather ex-
pected some opposition when it
came to picking up the tab for
the moon program. At first, it
replied with the argument that
the United States could not afford
not to do it. that we could not
remain second in space" to the
Soviet Union.
More recently, the contention
that the space program, including
the moon adventure. was creating
new jobs, new industries and
doubtless would have great fall
out" for the civilian economy in
terms of new materials and prod
ucts has been emphasized.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
The Foreign Scene

government will maintain the
coalition after the election, but
much will depend on the size of
the Socialist vote. II is possible
that an increase in Socialist
strength may lead Mr.. Nenni TO
seek seats in the Cabinet. This in
turn might cause a split in the
Christian Democrats who have
accepted the Nenni support. so
long as 1t kept out Of government.
The Communists, whose pop
ularity is an anomaly in Catholic
Italy. are not expected to gain
significantly. Most OF Italy is
firmly behind the Common Mar
ket and the NATO alliance. both
opposed by the Communists. More
ever. the Communists have been
embarrassed by the recent re-
strictive acts in the Soviet Union.
highly distasteful TO the Italian
intelligentsia.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Space:
The Cost

President Kennedy on Wednes-
day defended the national man
tO-the- moon effort as the debate
inside the Government and out
rose over the expense and the
manpOwer priorities Of the space
program.
When the President sent TO
Congress his record-breakinG S98 8
billion spending budget last Janu-
ary, with It's planned deficit Of
Slio billion, one didn't have to
have the gift Of prescience TO
forecast that the big items, such
as defense, space and foreign aid,
would be- particular targets OF the
economy bloc IN Congress.
Mr. Kennedy asked S42 billion
for spending on military space
projects for fiscal 1864 and new
educational authority OF S57 bill
lion indicating plans for higher
expenditures IN the future
The predicted drive on Capitol
Hill for cuts in space spending
has begun and one of the ques-
tons raised frequently by the
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Continued From Page B-I

has ruled out this grand coali-
ton for the present. Most likely,
events will probably have to wait
for 1865 elections for such a
shift to the left in Germany.
or all Gen. de Gaulle's Euro
pean critics none has been more
outSpoken than Amintore Fanfani,
Premier Of Italy. Long a strong
advocate Of the Atlantic Alliance,
Premier Fanfani has increased in
stature both at home and abroad
as a result Of his strong support
for the alliance and for his publi-
cized opening TO the left" In
which he aligned his centrist
Christian Democratic Party with
the left-wing Social Democrats
tSaragat SocialistO the Republi-
can Party and the Socialist Party.
The Socialists, under Nenni. long
the ally OF the Communists, have
supported the government Of
Fanfani, but have not been given
any cabinet posts.
The election today is in a large
sense a vote Of confidence on the
center-left coalition. The passive
support Of the Nenni Socialists gave
the government a clear majority
and broke the political power OF
the Communists. In the past Par
lament, the Christian Democrats
had 46.3 per cent Of the seats,
the Communists, 237, the social
lists. l4.4, the right-wing liberals,
3g the Social Democrats, 3.2, and
the minor parties held the ball
ance.
1t is expected that the Fanfani
Evening star., 1963-04-28

contract reopening seemed almost
certain. Indeed, there Is talk now
in Pittsburgh to the effect that
the union may press seriously for
increases. ,--
Lobor Stronger
Labor's case was strengthened
by testimony before the congress
sional Joint Economic Committee
by Leon Greenberg, assistant
commissioner for productivity and
chronological development in the
U. S. Labor Department. Mr..
Greenberg'S figures showed that
the cost Of labor In producing a
ton Of steel had not risen ap-
preciably in the last five years.
Indeed, employment cost per unit
OF output rose slightly more
rapidly among executive, clerical
and other Salaried employees than
among production workers.
Management Of course will reply
that this reflects productivity
growth made possible by great in
vestment in new plant and proc
esses. Even so. the data were re-
leased at fort dnate moment for
the Steelworkers.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Age of Space =

In a speech in Texas on Tues
day, for example. Vice President
johnson. head Of the National
Space Council, said:
The age Of space is, for all
regions of America, a second in
dustrial revolution, a revolution
that is bringing a new future, a
new degree of participation. a new
scope Of contribution for every
region Of our country, and for
every segment of our society"
But this contention has been
running into substantial skepticism
in the scientific community. Many
scientists feel that the technolog-
ical "fall-out" OF the moon pro-
gram will only be fraction of its
cost. Furthermore. there is a be-
lief that NASA's Unsuitable appetite
for scientists and engineers may
very well be hurting the civilian
economy by depriving it of talent
necessary to an expanded research
and development program in the
private sector.
DR.. Philip H. Abelson, director
Of the Geophysics Laboratory Of
the Carnegie Institution and edi-
tor of Science. the magazine Of
the American Association for the
Advancement Of Science, charged
on Friday that science is being
used as a front for technologi-
cal leaf-raking," new-style work.
relief projects designed TO bolster
the national economy.
He wondered whether science
can maintain its ethical stand
ards and vitality" in view OF the
large sums OF money being
pressed upon II.
The President was asked about
the wisdom Of the lunar effort at
his news conference on WedneS-
day and conceded that there was
growing concern over IL.
Evening star., 1963-04-28

statehood bills to bypass the Rules
Committee. where they had been
blocked.
And in depression days, he
thumbed back through $4,000
pages Of House rulings to find in
President Andrew Jackson's era
the legislative key that opened
the door for President Franklin
D. Roosevelt's hundred days" of
high speed reform legislation.
At the same time, Mr.. Deschler
gave impartial parliamentary ad-
vice to Republicans who sought
to use the rules to block Mr..
Roosevelt's programs.
Mr.. Deschler's opinion can
mean victory or defeat in a bitter
legislative battle, but members of
both parties trust him.
They come to me and ask me
questions. 1 answer them," he
says. 1T does not matter to me
Evening star., 1963-04-28

should get any credit there is.
I'm not running for anything"
He is less we'll known in the
United States than many men of
less Importance here" says Rep
resentative Boiling. Democrat of
Missouri.
Speaker Mccormack calls him
"The No. / Parliamentarian of
the World"
Says the Republican House
leader. Charles A. Halleck of
Indiana: Il have known no other
person more fiercely proud Of the
highest traditions Of the House"
Without the rules, and Mr..
DeSchler to interpret them, added
Mr.. Halleck, I'VE never would get
anything done around here"
The late Democratic Speaker
Rayburn used the highest acco-
lade in his lexicon to describe
Evening star., 1963-04-28
BY NEIL GILBRIDE
Associated Press Staff Writer

Meet the man who lays down
the law to the Nations law
makers.
He is Lewis Deschler, parlia-
mentarian of the House of Rep
resentatives-a big, genial Ohioan
who for 35 years has passed
judgment on legislation affecting
millions of United States citizens
and the world at large.
II don't make rulings, I Just
give opinions" Mr.. Deschler in
siSts.
But so seldom have his "opin-
ions" been challenged over more
than third Of century OF both
Democratic and Republican rule
Evening star., 1963-04-28

hey General Kennedy's warning
that the racial violence of today
will be as nothing compared to
that of 10 years from now if real
progress in solving the Negro
rights issue is not made and soon.
Mr.. Kennedy also made stops
N Columbia, S. c., where he made
couple of speeches and met with
Gov. Donald Russell. South Car
DINA integrated Clemson College
peaceably some months ago and
Mr.. Kennedy complimented the
Governor for it. Mr.. Kennedy also
had some good things to say
about racial progress in Georgia
when he stopped in that State
to see Gov. Carl Sanders.
The Attorney General appeared
to be conciliatory and as friendly
as the man in charge of enforc-
ing Federal !ntegration orders
could be in the Deep South. He
acknowledged to a questioning re-
porter at one of his many news
conferences that his brother, the
President. will have difficult
time carrying Alabama and Mis-
Sissippi in 1864.
Meanwhile, elsewhere along the
civil rights front last week:
. The Rev. DR.. Martin Luther
King and 10 other ministers were
sentenced to five days in Jail and
fined $50 for defying a State in
junction in Alabama against ra-
cial demonstrations. Their at
torneys will appeal.
. A Mississippi legislative COM
mittee charged United States
marshals with deliberate and re-
peated brutaities" during and
after the rioting at the Univer-
sity Of Mississippi last fall. A JUS
tice Department spokesman called
the charges untrue.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Disposing Of Money

Part OF Mr. Kennedy's reply was
on the pensiye side. He observed
that some people have said that II
We do not spend all this money
on space we would have plenty for
more housing and education. but
that his guess was that If Con-
greSs did cut space requests IL
still would not vote money for
adequate housing and education.
MI Kennedy also agreed that
there was a feeling that perhaps
scientists should be working on
other matters, but contended that
the United States has great re-
sources This program in many
Evening star., 1963-04-28

ways is going to stimulate science
... I think it would be a mistake
to arrest it," he added.
The President indicated he be-
lieves himself to be on a rather
unhappy spot, with those persons
now demanding a cut in money re-
quests for space likely to be those
who complain the loudest, after
a Soviet spectacular, why didn't
we do more"
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Top Priority

Mr.. Kennedy considers the tax
measure the most important piece
Of domestic legislation in 1868
Whfn hs Was asked at his news
conference whether he shared the
sew reported TO be growing on
apitOl Hi that the frightening
sr9nor-ic picture might make it
-znt 20 delay lie effective
4 The cuts II income levies.
ne gr --ed with yieoT
= hIEk il would be a great
Saistakc % sscg tie tax cut . it
wou.S b, q great mistake 70 delay
II because no one predicts
with certainty the level of the
economy
He asserted that the economy
is moving along at relatively the
same figure as was estimated by
the Council of Economic Advis-
ers" or about So billion more. He
cited these reasons for the i'm
provement: The level of Govern
ment expenditures. the vitality in
the private sector of the economy
and the stimulus of the prospect
OF the tax cut
Should business news continue
favorable should profits, sales.
production and individual in
comes continue to climb - the
President will need all the public
support he can rally If Congress
is to be convinced 1t should re-
duce taxes beginning next July /,
The biggest concern in Con-
gress still is over the advisability
of reducing income when a large
deficit in the budget is already
anticipated. Many members would
readily agree to the reductions
If spending also were cut back
The President has estimated a
$92 billion deficit for fiscal 1864
without the tax cut; Sll9 billion
with IT,
Evening star., 1963-04-28

that he is accepted without Ques-
ton as the lawgiver of the House.
Mr.. Deschler, a 6-3, 250-pound
former tackle for Miami (Ohio)
University, describes the Job as
something like refereeing at a
football game"
But no football referee ever
faced the problems of the man
who must have every one Of the
1000 rules of the House at his
fingertips and keep the 435 mem
bers from each others parlia-
mentary throats.
Only once has he been over
ruled by the House, and then with
his own agreement In order to
straighten out technicality.
He acts as constitutional law
yer, historian, adviser and confess
sor to the always independent,
sometimes rambunctious members
of the House.
Evening star., 1963-04-28


automatically bring It's influence
into the Market If Britain Joins.
1T appears essential to us that
Europe be Europe and that France
be France"
. While participating in defense
alliances. France will retain its
own atomic weapons. Since mo
one, nowhere, can know in adj
vance whether. in the event OF a
conflict, the atomic bombs would
or would not be used at the start"
by the United States and the
Soviet Union. or which countries
would be attacked, France must
itself have means of directly reach
ing any state that would be its
agressor."
Evening star., 1963-04-28

There's a man here who
never was elected to anything,
yet has a powerful influence on
the Nations laws and history.
Without his work, for instance,
the Franklin ID. Roosevelt New
Deal could have been grounded
at the beginning; Alaska and
Hawaii might not yet be States.
This Is the story of the House
Of Representatives parliament
tartan, Lewis DeSchler.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
WORLDS NO. PARLIAMENTARY
This Official Keeps the House in Order

Mr.. Deschler: "A big brain man"
Mr.. Deschler's minute knowl-
edge of the complex workings of
Congress would make him inval-
liable to any industry, but he has
turned down offers to become a
lobbyist at many times his $22, 900
year salary.
This is my life. my love-" he
says.
Mr.. Deschler was a Republican
when first appointed assistant
parliamentarian by G. o. P.
Speaker Longworth in 1927. but
now, as to politics, II wouldn't
describe myself at ALL"
Mr., Deschler's opinions have
ranged from such solemn matters
as the procedure for declaring
war, to deciding how soon Ameri-
cans could buy a drink after the
repeal of prohibition.
After a mixup in timing be-
tween the House and Senate, Mr..
Deschler advised that April 7,
1888, was the earliest date a
thirsty citizen could legally hoist
highball. The ruling stood.
The Constitution. Thomas JET
ferson's manual and the nearly
two centuries Of precedents make
up the rules Of the House. They
have confused more than one
trained lawyer, but Mr.. Deschler
boils down the legalistic maze to
one basic principle:
"The Nation" he says, "is en-
titled to fair play in enacting its
legislation"
Mr.. Deschler has been around
so long that now. he says, II can
walk but on the floor and feel It
when something is going to hap
pen"
Anniversary Celebration
But one proceeding he failed to
anticipate was the recent eulogy
to mark his 58th birthday and
seth year as parliamentarian.
A rare House tribute usually
reserved for congressional bigwigs
or other national notables, 1t
covered nearly five pages Of the
Congressional Record.
Looking proudly down from the
gallery were Mr.. Deschler's par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Desch-
Ter, both now In their 80s.
Il never dreamed when I was
a barefoot boy in Chillicothe that
I would ever be here" Mr.. Desch-
Ter said later.
If Mr.. Deschler ever doubted
his value to the House, there Is
no question in the minds Of its
members, past and present.
One Of them-President Ken
nedy - sent Mr.. Deschler this
message:
you have played q unique and
vital role In the life and work of
the House Of Representatives. I
had an opportunity myself as q
member Of Congress to know Of
your wise and effective influence"
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Adomunt

1t seemed that Mr.. de Gaulle was
deliberately making 1t clear he
was not prepared to retreat from
his policies, no matter how much
they irk Washington and other
Europeans. A showdown seems in
store when the NATO ministers
meet in Ottawa next month TO
discuss the creation OF the much
publicized multi lateral surface
nuclear fleet. and the inter-allied
nuclear force, France will be under
pressure 10 at least allow It's two
fighter-bomber squadrons IN Ger
many TO participate in the inter-
allied force.
Mr.. De Gauile carried this mess
sage In his speaking tour around
the country, as part OF his policb
TO win support for his policies
directly from the population.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
France:
Cooling off

President de Gaulle toured
the French countryside last week
after a nation wide television
talk in which he reafflrmed his
independent policies.
The cordial glow that emanated
from Paris earlier this month has
faded with the first blossoms OF
spring. The hope expressed in
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Power of Truth

1t is a piece of idle sentiment
tality that truth. merely as truth,
has any inherent power denied to
error Of prevailing against the
dungeon and the stake.-John
Stuart Mill in On Liberty. .e
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Continued From Page B-1

feet, that the agreement on re-
ductions was much more impor-
tant. Congress is believed unlikely
to vote any major tax reforms
this year. Neither the business
men or Mr. Kennedy want reduc-
tions jeopardized by legislative
wrangling over the controversial
reform proposals.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Mon Of Opinions

Many members call him Judge, 4"
but he has never presided over
a courtroom or served as an at
torney, and he didn't even have
a law degree when he first took
the job
Yet Mr.. Deschler's opinions can
decide the course of the Nations
history.
There would probably still be
only 48 States instead of so if
he had not searched a century
Of House precedents to find a rule
allowing the Alaska and Hawaii
Evening star., 1963-04-28

some allied quarters that France
would drop its separatist policies
has proved to be illusory.
In a television broadcast over
the government-controlled French
network 10 days ago, President de
Gaulle bluntly, and somewhat
rudely. repeated his governments
refusal to join in a larger Atlantic
community or TO participate in a
Joint nuclear force.
Despite the sirens that sing
TO us the sweetness of renunci-
ation." France will pursue its own
course, he said. There is abso-
lutely no chance that, giving In to
facility, we would allow France 10
be pushed into the background"
Evening star., 1963-04-28
In the End We Get
Back to Standards

Rather than a domestic goal OF
loafing and Incidence, I feel cer-
tain most Americans would prefer
to remain active and apply them
selves.
l suppose everyone has his own
idea as to what real progress is,
but to me, progress is that which
will give the greatest numbers Of
people beneficial control over their
future.
We need to have the same re-
spect and admiration for academic
achievement and excellence that
we have for excellence in little
league, or football, or basketball
teams, For the greatest resource
we have, and that which we some
times take the least pride in de-
veloping, is the human mind.
Facts, inventiveness and possess
sion of knowledge are good. but
unprincipled and unguided use of
the power of knowledge" could
be ruthless. There must be guide
lines for us to follow.
Some Spiritual Words
Guidelines based on intangible
principles have gone a long way
toward making this country what
1t is today. Here I woukd think
about such words as ideals,
standards, religion, pride and pa
triotism." These are all spiritual
words. Aren't they some how
funny, and old-fashioned for
these modern, practical times?
Aren't people strictly squares"
to be talking this way about
moral standards" and spiritual
beliefs? Isn't this rather a time
to forget all that-to live 1t up,
to look for kicks. tU grab the
buck, and to live for the day?
Well, there is only one way that
know of to answer these ques-
tionS:
1t is by looking back to chart
the rise and fall of other civiliza-
tionS. And when you do that, you
suddenly find that ideals - far
from being impractical - are the
very stuff" of survival.
Every great society which came
into being, and long endured, did
so on the basis of convictions and
beliefs so strong that they lifted
individuals clear out Of them
selves and caused them to live
and die for some aim or purpose,
nobler and better than them
selves.
Look back, and you will see that
the whole fabric of this Nations
growth, of its success and its
glory, was woven of belief = belief
in God, in the individual, in the
land, in liberty, and in the
emerging concept of democracy,
as summed up in the Declaration
of Independence and the Consti-
tuition of the United States.
Evening star., 1963-04-28
Holding Lines

In rapid fire order, he listed
ways France would not allow itself
TO be up-staged:
II would not agree to a tight
political union Of the present Com
mon Market nations-"we have no
desire TO be dissolved within IT,"
Such a system. advocated by the
smaller Market nations, would
be incompatible with the rights
and duties Of the French Re-
public"
. 1t would not allow the British
TO join the Market until they free
themselves from that which keeps
them out Of our community" This
was another slap at the United
States, which Gen. de Gaulle has
charged has a special" relation
ship with Britain and which would
Evening star., 1963-04-28

what party they belong to. They
are all entitled to the same serv-
ice"
More than one President has
had reason to be grateful to Mr..
DeSchler.
When he was introduced to
Franklin Roosevelt as 1.-The man
who has kept four House speakers
straight" the President plagued
by balky Senate-replied:
why don't you let him work
on the Senate"
Anonymous by Choice
Mr.. Deschler's anonymity in
the midst of a whirl of nation
ally known Washington person.
alities is by his own choice.
Il am not an unduly modest
man." he says. II just believe
these members who have to run
for reelection every two years