davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Beeon in MoX 1860

Neither the invaders mission
nor immediate detectives had
been defined. They just hoped the
United States would straighten
things out once they got ashore.
The whole business began in
earnest in May, 1860. 1t set in
motion a train of events the end
of which is not yet in sight-and
it was costly.
1t cost the lives OF 81 of the in
vaders, not including four Ameri-
can flyers who piloted two B-26
light bombers, and resulted In
the wounding Of so.
It cost s45 million to execute.
the then chairman Of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Lyman Lem
nitzer, repeatedly told a Senate
committee.
It cost upwards of $50 million
to ransom the invasion survivors
from Cuban prisons.
1t has cost SIS million to date
to support 100000 Cuban refugee
whose homeland is now closed to
them because the invasion failed.
1t cost the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA), which MASTER
minded the operation. a consid-
cradle portion Of its reputation
for competence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Vatican:
Peace Plea

Pope John XIII appealed
for an end 10 the arms race
in an encyclical issued last
week. The message was warmly
received around the world, even
In Communist countries.
It is perhaps fitting that Pope
John XIII chose Holy Thurs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14

administration officials agree in
part with Roger Blough that the
1862 battle did not help the Ma
tons economic advancement. Mr..
Kennedy is now more sensitive
to that intangible-business con-
fidence than he was last year,
1t is said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
The Foreign Scene

answer what must be a loud, II
unpublished. segment of society
the Central Committee will meet
on May 20 TO discuss theological
questions. BY that time, the state
OF Sino-Soviet relations should
also be better known.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Inquiry Under Way

Last week. her overhaul COM
pleted, she proceeded TO a point
about 220 miles off Boston for
trial dives. on Wednesday, In her
first dive TO test depth--the deep
est point she was designed 10 OPP
crate at-she disappeared with
100 persons aboard. Il was be-
lieved TO be the worst submarine
disaster in history peace or war.
While the Nation prayed for
her safety, the Navy sadly an
nounced that the submarine must
be considered lost. A naval board
Of inquiry was convened and met
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Assertions Of U. S. Betrayal

Bitter survivors of that ILL
fated expedition, claiming be-
trayal by the United States, as
sert:
A United States Navy aircraft
carrier operating under the code
name Santiago" was within 20
miles of the invasion beach with
jets and propeller driven fighters
aboard painted with the blue
identifying stripe of the anti
Castro brigade.
While some of these airplanes
were airborne during the critical
assault phase, none attacked.
Qualified sources in Washington
identify this carrier ss the USS
Boxer.
There was ample, though I'M
used, gunfire support available
among the United States war
ships within sight Of the landing
beach. These ships cruiser, at
least one frigate and several de-
Stroyers -had escorted the in
vaders' convoy from Nicaragua to
Cuba.
Until the landing craft actu-
ally started ashore there had
been no final selection Of beach
head area-and no reconnaissance
either.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14

tage operations none was directed
toward military detectives IT roads,
bridges, fuel and ammunition
dumps, airfields or motorized
equipment.
On April Is, three rocket firing
B-26s struck at three Cuban air
bases, two just outside Havana
and the third at Santiago de
Cuba. .-.
The planes were to have
knocked out Castro's air force,
consisting of United States-made
T-33 jet trainers, British Seafuries
and B-26 bombers.
They failed, but there was no
followup air strike on April 10
and no news either.
Now it was April II. All day
Havana Radio played soothing
music, interspersed with soap
operas and a lecture on how
young lovers should behave.
From time to time, however, the
programs were interrupted by ur-
gent orders for all militia to re-
port to their duty stations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Rodio Silent on Invosion

Throughout April Is Havana
Radio was exasperatingly silent on
the subject of the invasion though
the previous night it had appealed
for blood donors.
Diplomats and correspondents
from Iron Curtain countries re-
ported on April 10 that Cuba had
been attacked by planes and
carrying ships.
Late that same day, Havana Ra-
dio said Mr.. Castro had reported
an invasion attempt an was now
hopping up survivors. This was
followed by the grim announce
ment that two Americans and
seven Cubans had been executed
as United States agents.
On April 20, Havana Radio an
nounced the invasion attempt had
been crushed. Meanwhile, q drag
net was out for anyone suspected
of harboring the slightest anti
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Our Imose Tornished

And 1t furnished the image Of
the United States as a Nation Of
high moral persuasion in the con-
duct of international affairs,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14

members of the Alabama National
Guard, all former pilots Of the
World War II light bomber, the
Bog, were recruited.
These men were paid $2,250 a
month each, plus 5000 monthly
for expenses, so their survivors
reported.
In all. apparently. a. out 81
pilots were hired to train Cubans.
Gov. Orval Faubus of Arkansas
disclosed just this year that most
came out of his States Air Ma
tional Guard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
APPRAISAL
BY Benz PRICE
and THEODORE A. EDIGER
A..o,yo.od prnss staff WriterS

For the waiting, watchful Gu
ban troops of Prime Minister FL
del Castro, the sudden appearance
of the United States warship IN
the glare of the Cayo Guano
light was the final tipoff.
Cayo Guano is at the head of
the Bay of Pigs and southeast of
Havana.
Obviously, the long awaited in
vasion was abe 1T to begin. Cuban
radios began drumming out the
alert order in Morse code:
place yourself on a work
status. Urgent"
And so the invasion Of Cuba
at the Bay Of Pigs by 1900 armed
opponents of Fidel Castro on
April II, l96l-two years ago next
Wednesday-was doomed.
The now known facts indicate
that 1t was a failure from the
outset.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Stroieht-Aheod Attoek

The invading troops were
landed on Giron Beach, which Is
approached by land via a single
road, thanked on both sides by
impossible marshes and man.
grove swampS. There was only
one way to attack and that was
straight ahead into Mr.. Castros
$4,000 men. =.
BY the morning Of the 18th,
the men were giving up the hope
less fight. They were out of am
munition and Mr.. Castro's planes
dominated the air.
OF the l6 planes in anti-Castro
operation, eight were shot down
and the remainder arrived back
in Nicaragua full Of holes.
Mr.. Llaca reported that the in
vaders managed only to progress
from the beachhead to a road
junction designated as Central
Australia" This was 10 to II
miles inland. -
That was that. IL was q total
disaster. ~
On April "a. White House Press
secretary Pierre Salinger read
Washington newsmen a state
ment in which President Kennedy
accepted "a. full responsibility
for the events of the past few
days" fi
On June 20, 1861, Mr.. Kennedy
told a news conference he was
considering changes in the intel
ligence setup. Some revisions
were later made though how ex-
tensive they were is unknown.
Since the invasion, the top
echelon of the CHA at the time
has retired: Allen Dulles, direc-
tor; Air Force Gen. c. p. Cabell,
deputy director. and Richard M.
Bissell, jr., deputy director for
plans.
1t was a gradual process spread
over a year. There was no hint
that their departure had any
thing to do with the Bay of Pigs
disaster.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Enemy Prepared

But by the time the small
landing beach was decided upon,
the enemy had time to get ready
for US. L don't know why the
spot wasn't selected beforehand.
THE Houston went in first. 1t
was received by artillery fire d.
rected from the Bay of Pigs air.
field. There was cross fire which
was marvellous. 49,.
(The Houston with the COM
munications gear aboard was
damaged and beached0
a. =. When Decentralization be-
gan it was under an aerial battle
between our planes and Fidels.
Then Seafuries hit the wooden
bridge of the Rio Escondido. Our
ship blew up and sank in five
minutes we swan to the
Blagar.
ION April 10 we received a ra-
diogram from the American air.
craft carrier Santiago telling us
that at 2:30 pm. that day we
would get air support from six
Psi planes (World War II fight
ers). -.
AT 2:30 we saw two planes
cross. A minute later two others
went towards Cuba. Immediately
afterward the first two planes re-
turned the others followed.
From that moment we knew
the war was lost for us and that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
Two Small Boots

Aboard the transports were
two small boats, the Blagar with
IA machine guns and the Barbara
j. with nine. These were small
converted coasters.
Seven landing craft were pres
ent for the invasion-three LCU's
Qanding craft, utility and four
LCVP'S 0anding craft, vehicle
personnel. Also 80 cupboard mo-
tor communication launches, six
aboard each Qiberty) ship. Also
five tanks.
THE landing craft with the
tanks aboard were escorted to a
point near the Cuban coast by an
American-type ship. I only saw
its silhouette. That was the eve
ming of April 16.
I'VE could see the lights of
Cayo Guano. There. at what was
called our convoy point, an Ameri-
can cruiser was visible in the
tower light.
why that spot in front Of the
tower was selected for the cruiser,
I don't know. Nor do / know
why the general site was selected
for the invasion.
1T was not until about four in
the morning that a landing place
was fond. 1t was difficult for
there was a violent sea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14
The Total Disaster That Was the Bay Of Pigs

we had been the victims Of a
great betrayal.
I'VE had 16 plane. It took
them three hours to fly from
Puerto Cabezas. They would fight
for about three quarters of an
hour and then fly back for sup
plies. Then they would come back,
1t was most gruelling. I had a
friend. Joaquin Varela, who went
46 hours without sleep.
Porotroopers Toke Airstrip -
ION April 10 when the Cuban
pilots were played out, four Amer
leans stepped in to relieve some
OF them. The Americans in two
B-26s were the ones from Ala-
bama who were shot down. They
were killed" s.~
AS for the paratroopers, there
were 1856 of them, Mr.. Darias said,
and they captured the Bay of Pigs
airstrip, but couldn't hold 1t be-
cause Of strafing from Mr.. Cas-
tro's aircraft.
Were the Cuban invaders ever
promised air cover? Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy.
brother to the President, said in
a magazine interview this year
that at no time had the United
States ever promised military air.
support.
The key work is military" that
is, uniformed pilots in United
States marked planes. y.
DR.. Enrique Llaca, one of those
captured and ransomed, said:
I'VE were told there would be
air cover. Not officially. But it
might as well have been official.
We all knew the United States
had a hand in the matter. We
were transported to the training
area in United States planes. We
were trained by Americans. Our
weapons and planes were Ameri-
can. What else could our con-
clusion be? We are not morons.
No one wanted to commit sui
eide"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14

Castro sentiments. In Havana
alone, some 100000 were rounded
up and stuffed into any place with
a wall around 1t.
Any possible sympathy uprising
was thus crushed ct the outset.
What had happened?
On April 10-l1, tl4- brigade had
sailed from Puerto Cabezas on
Great Corn Island, Nicaragua, a
tiny port to which they had been
ferried from Guatemala,
Guatemala could not assert
truthfully that the invasion had
not been staged from her soil.
Dagoberto Darias, 40, once
wealthy Cuban businessman and
a coffee expert, was chief officer
Of the Rio Escondido, one Of the
ships in the invasion force. In
an interview in Miami. Mr.. DariaS
said:
1--WE left Puerto Cabezas on
April IL. Five Liberty-type trans
port vessels, the Rio Escondido,
Atlantico, Caribe, Houston and
Lake Charles. The Lake Charles
was the Operation 40 (code name
for the command ship ship. 1t
remained behind and was to land
later for mop-up operations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-14

when he left office January 20,
1861, no firm plan for the en-
ployment Of the refugee Cuban
force had been determined.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-09-27
OTY ATTORNEY

(Confinued From Page Il write in names other than those listed
 We trust that the city attorney shares the indignation of the Mirror and the vast majority of the people of this community, that anyone, particularly a per son in an office of public trust should attempt to tamper with the ballot in any way.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-09-27
Latitude or Limitation THE CITY CHARTER

opposition proposed charter Most o< city opposition to it nobody city attorney desse aciadng sapzinsy enough hoe who zrote it P-hzps d1e merely little that good be said for #
 rs vi be publshed printed that te puhEe kspt adequately informed to important odznz.ess notices or definition of publish under of proposed would permit the h pezspepe- of circulation E done
 Under the terms there reueat be competitive bidding contracts for public zad local improvements of less than slo0oo-
 right city dispose of real personal property -iut yoe Of the people limitation of 5oooo
 Thers is 10 provision primary well general esecton
 Tse-e 70 provision ~Ould alox the people to by wished appointed city eou.cd nzyo-ouncl form of government The prepoodezncs fzso-lng elected chairman the borouga election suggests people tn sogeuent people should afforded oporun Ky to sote on tht-zs son possible
 Ee ruz that those city charter cozis 1 provisions perulng the people vote such akeraze rorissos =ithin the any charter proposed Lztu6e NOT what the people should hare
 Karl Armstrong;
Kodiak mirror., 1963-09-27
HAVE GUN WILL TRAVEL

Anyone having predsto including Kodiak Bear and Russians please contact John Morton Ny guns ana esaef equipment are hire to the public instead ' my using for the State of Alaska for nothing
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
matanuska Ski Club Susiina
 Patrol Elect Officers al Annual Meet

Officers for l963-64 wer e elected at the annual meeting of the Matanuska Valley s k i Club on Jan. 10, ard the Susit- na Ski Patrol was organized, club president and patrol lead CT Hal Loomis announced this week.
 Officers of the club include Loomis, president; Larry Le- veen, vice president Kay Moor, secretary; and Jim Meckel, treasurer. Julius Moor was ap- pointed to the board of direc- tors, made up of the club off cers and one appointee.
 Anyone who wishes to join the ski club may contact a n y of the officers.
 Ski patrol leader is Hal Loo mis, and assistant patrol leader is Larry Leveen. J i m Meckel will handle publicity, and Jo- han Johnson, activities. B Q n DanSie is patrol instructor, and
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
HouSton-Wi||oW News
By Kelly Palmquist

The committees working on the Willow Carnival will hold a meeting on Jan. 16 at the Com munity Hall in Willow.
 A 12-hour power shortage beginning at 8::45 am. darken- ed homes from just outside of Wasilla through Big Lake and Willow Monday. It is reported that Red" Phillips 6x6 truck slid off the road at the curve about three miles from Wasilla and knocked the pole down, breaking the supporting cable. At the same time, John Lime bur, who was right behind MT. Phillips, slid down the steep ditch on the other side of the highway. After walking into Wasilla, the two men immedi- ately reported the damage done to the power line to the tele- phone operator because they couldn't reach the MEA. The MEA didn't learn of the trouble until about ? p.m., however, and several trucks and an extra pole were rushed to the trouble spot.
 
 The area community club held it's monthly meeting at the home of Mrs. Rose Palmquist on Jan. g. The main topic of business was the organization of local band under the lead ership of Ray Holtz. Anyone in the community wishing to par ticipate may talk to Mrs. Palm quist or Mrs. Yates. You do not have to be able to play an instrument.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17

The whole community is busy making preparations for the second annual winter car nival to be held at Willow Feb. 1, 2, and 3. It looks like an even bigger and better show than last year, with some extra events scheduled. There will be junior dog mushing, in addition to the regular races this year, also the wood chopping contest, chain saw contest, Women'S S SWede saw contest, snow shoe race, and sports car race, plus a number of exhibitions and exhibits. The queen contest will be climaxed by dance and the crowning of the reign ing queen on Saturday even- ing, Feb. ?.
 Anyone wishing to partici- pate in any of the events or volunteer their services in any way should contact a member of the steering committee or Mrs. White at Whites Cross ing.
 |
 Willow has lots of snow for the Winter Carnival-while the rest of District 2 got rain, snow fell at Willow-30 inches of it
 
 The 18th of January proved birthday party time for Mil dred Bryant and Jack Carl With only a years difference between their ages, both en- joyed the celebration held for them at the Basil Bryant home Sunday.
 Rex Gjertson is again in the Valley Hospital because of his back. He is also the father of a baby boy, Tim David, who was born Jan. 2 at 8:17 pm, weighing five pounds, eleven ounces. Mrs. Gjertson and the three children are staying at the Valley Christian Home un- til Rex returns home.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
WASILLA PTA
 MEETS MONDAY

Postponed from Jan. II be- cause of icy driving conditions, the regular meeting of the Wasilla PTA will be held Mon day, Jan. q at the new high school. A short business meet ing is scheduled for 7:30 pm, to be followed by a special basketball game at 8 pm, the Wasilla faculty versus the Wasilla PTA fathers. The pro- ceeds from the game will go to the achers' Scholarship Fund.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
HOSPITAL PATIENTS

In and out at the Valley Pres byterian Hospital during the week of Jan. l0-16 were Brock Brown, Jesse Lee, Jean Char les, Mrs. Fred Loyer and in- fant son, Shirley Smith, Althea Scheibl, Maurice Pelletier, Mrs. Robert Clements and infant son. Mrs. Carol Christiansen and infant daughter (the first baby girl to be born at Valley Hospital in 1963), and George McFeeley.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17

so that the refunds can be pro- ccsSed without delay.
 If you have any questions re- gardlng federal taxes tele- phone your local internal rev enue office at BR 7-215l; or mail your inquiries to P. O Box 1900, Anchorage.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
FEDERAL TAX RETURNS GO TO ANcHoRAc

District Director of Internal! Revenue. Lewis J. Conrad, said Monday that all federal tax returns for Alaskans should be filed with the Anchorage dis arlct office at $40 Fifth Ave 1ue, Anchorage, Alaska.
 Conrad said that all returns should be mailed to Anchorage
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17

Dick Anderson, Julius Moor, and Duane Jacoby are in charge of equipment. Relief patrolwomen are Laura Sten- burg and Pat Kromett. Dr. Boyd Skille is patrol medical advisor.
 The Susitna Ski Patrol is still in need of more patrol men, and anyone interested should get in touch with a pa trol member" Loomis said We are in training at present and there is still time to join. ,
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17

Many a man succeeded by doing a little more than h e boss expected and doing it better.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
CAN'T PAY

CAN'T PAY
 Self-pity gives some people the feeling that they owe themselves more than they can ever pay.
The frontiersman., 1963-01-17
( EN I E K
 THEATRE 4 PALMER

FRIDAY and SATURDAY Both Evenings st 7:3o
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-23

course of history over after
dinner cigars.
The New York Times called
''The Rothschilds" Fascinating
-. lively, highly entertaining,"
and Atlantic Monthly said IL
should delight every reader"
Proof of these predictions Is
evident in the hardcover sales.
Over 100, 900 copies of the orig
inal edition have already been
sold. Now, with cresfs reprint
of The Rothschilds," which
contains 16 pages Of photo
graphs, the book Is available
to millions more.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-23

Whof's in a Nome7

Nowadays. mention OF the name Rothschld" evokes two
images family which associated with magnifcence and al
most unimaginable wealth and power and book which has
become of the years biggest bestseler The Rothchd
Frederic Mortons chronicle OF this powerful dynasty still
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-23
MISS DEVON ARE" TO
EELINQUISH CROWN

Sydney Marlee Gardner, daugh-
ter of proud parents Mr.. and
Mrs. Alfred (Marie) Austin and
Mr. Levi Gardner will soon re-
linquish her 1862 crown as Miss
DevOn-Aire" TO a new queen TO
be named this month. A year OF
parties, dinners and public appear
anccs has been all too short,
but exciting for this charming
young lady, who amidst all the
excitement has retained her b.
average at the High School Of
Commerce. Upon graduation this
June, she will enter Howard
Uniycrsity's Pre-Law School. She
expresses her thanks to every
one for the many kindnesses
shown her during her regn.
The st. Paul Grand Lodge
Ancient and Accepted Scottish
Rite Masons held their Second
Public installation of Officers
Celebration, Sunday, Feb. 10, in
Composite Hall, 1881 Caniff,
Hamtramck, Michigan. The cele-
bration included dinner and re-
freshments. James ID. Moore is
Provincial Grand Master.
The Youth Choir of Greater St
Peters AME Zion Church, 4400
Mt. Elliott, observed their anniver-
sary. 4-6 pm. Sunday. Feb. II.
The Young Adult Choir of New
Light Baptist, rendered the en-
tire program. Pr sston Baldwin,
The Detroit tribune., 1963-02-23
vagraney Rap
Against zeIIner
Dropped In Ala,

MONTGOMERY Ala Feb. - -
Nagrancy chargcs were drop
ped today in trial here against
Robert Zellner, field secretary for
the Student Nonviolent Coordin.
ating Committee.
City Attorney Dave Cosland
recommended that the case be
mol pressed in a 40-minute adj
dress to the jury. and Judge
Eug ne l.oe concrrreI
Today's trial grew out of Zell-
ner's arrest for vagrancy Jan. 8,
on the campus Of his alma-mater,
Huntingdon College His attorney
had subpocnaed Huntingdon Of
ficials, AL Lingo, State Director
Of Public Safety, Willy Painter,
q state investigator, and Maury
Smith, assistanst circuit solicitor.
Crosland said today that a
thorough investigation" had re-
vealed that Zellner was gainfully
employed as a field secretary for
SNCC. Crosland reviewed Zell-
ner's life history, from the time
Of his birth through all of his
arrests since he became a field
secretary in October, 1861.
crosIsnd said that Zellner was
properly employed even though
money comes from the Student
Nonviolert coordinatins Commit
tee, q group that calls itself 'non-
violenf but does nothing but
create dissension, hatred, and
sometimes bleodshed such as
the recent riots in Oxford, Miss" I"
He recommended that ZelIner be
publicly sdmonished for his con-
duct and the strife he created in
Montgomery"
Additional charges OF raise
pretenses" we're added on Jan.
9 while Zellner was in Jail on
the vagrancy charge. The Grand
Jury will render a decision on
Feb. 10 to determine whether
Zellncr is TO be indicted for
false pretenscs."
Zcllncr had written a check
on the day of his arrest for S85.
State officials charged that Zell-
ner did not have sufficient money
in his account to cover the check
at tho time Il was written. but
SNCC officials said in Atlanta that
the money was deposited for
him several hours later, and
pointed out that the check, which
was never sent through the bank,
would have cleared during the
ordinary course of business.