davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
Expulsion Criticized

Expulsion Criticized
Mr.. Chen addressed a rally
for the five Chinese thrown
out of Moscow last week for
distributing a Peking attack on
Soviet policy. The New China
News Agency said 1000 Red
Chinese officials and govern
ment employees gave the five,
including three diplomats,
prolonged, warm applause"
Deputy Foreign Minister Liu
Hsiao told the rally the Soviet
expulsion of the five was "un-
reasonable" and that "all just
minded Soviet people disagree
with this behavior, which is not
in the interest of Chinese
Soviet solidar...."
Some Western diplomats felt
q Soviet Chinese breach might
prompt Mr.. Khrushchev to
make new efforts for agree
ments with the West. But 9TH
ers believed he might try to
turn the rift between Presi-
dent Charles de Gaulle of
France, and the United States
to his advantage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08

At that time Mr.. Meredith
referred to what he called "the
very low quality leadership
present among out young Ne
groes and the childish nature
Of their activities"
He also criticized the pro-
posed Negro march on Wash
ington and used the term
"burrheads" in referring to his
audience at the NAACP youth
banquest at which he spoke.
He has used similar terms
in several other speeches, not
in a derogatory manner, a close
friend said today. but as a
parody on their usage by some
white persons and to emphasize
his strong conviction that once
the Negro wins equal opportun-
ity, that even a 'burrhead' has
a chance for unlimited achieve
ment."
Obviously in such a manner,
he referred to his audience as
"Niggers" several times in a
speech before alomst 5000 Ne
groes in Jackson last month.
The crowd laughed and APP
plauded.
wilkins Attacks
Mr.. Wilkins blasted Mr..
Meredith for using "burrheads"
in the Chicago speech, saying,
IF he had been a white man
his life might have been in
danger for the remarks he
made"
After the speech Mr.. Mere
dith said no insult was intend
ed and he had only compli-
mentary things to say about
the NAACP.
Many times in the past he
has said he disagrees with the
tactics of mass marches and
civil disobedience. He says he
feels the most effective meth
DDS would be mass work STOP
page and economic boycott.
Commenting on the reception
at the Chicago meeting, Mr..
Meredith said he was over
whelmed "by the discourtesy
shown me-"
In a statement he said, in
part, Il shed my first tears
this morning since 1 was a
child =. I don't intend to
subject myself to such treat
ment. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
FOUND

DOG, large shaggy female. vic. Of
thompson Corner and Rte. No. 4, on
July 2. Call Ro. s-tesB
DOG, male, black. brown, white, Short
naTe mixed breed. We'd. 18th and
Pa b3@-O36O after Ia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
By the Associated Press

Senator Scott, Republican of
Pennsylvania, yesterday urged
immediate release Of all United
States Information Agency
polls of overseas public opinion
about American prestige.
He addressed kilograms to
Edward r. Murrow. USIA d.
rector, and Chairman Moss Of
the House Government Infor-
nation Subcommittee.
Senator Scott asked them to
cancel an agreement they
reached February 81 providing
that polls classified as con-
fidential are to be made public
two years after their compile
ton.
He said the agreement was
violated by what he called q
leak to . reporter yesterday Of
a USIA poll purporting to show
United States prestige is very
high in Europe"
Senator Scott added:
THE A. P. reports that the
poll was taken last month and
then goes on to say, The re-
suits, still marked confidential,
were obtained by the Associ-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
FRED HIRSCH

Has the United States yet
faced reality in its balance
OF payments problem2 That
is the question being widely
asked In Europe as America
enters its sixth year Of ma
jor monetary deficit. Many
Of the proposed remedies, 1t
should be said right away,
would do far more harm
than good.
This is especially true Of
the back to gold" school led
by M. Jacques Rueff, who
has had a great deal Of in
fluence over French financial
recovery in the past and now
insists that the United States
must stop Giving beyond its
means" This evidently means
that the United States should
settle It's foreign payments
by transferring gold instead
Of dollars; and Mr.. Rueff
says, existing dollar balances
should be paid off in gold.
Other representatives OF or
thodox banking opinion in
Europe, without going quite
so far, still doubt whether q
rise in the gold price-a de-
valuation Of the dollar in
terms Of gold-can be avoid
ed.
These are voices which the
American administration and
Congress cannot ignore: they
should serve as a warning Of
the urgency Of wiser rene
dial action. Neither a rise in
the gold price nor a repay
ment of Americas short term
monetary debt would get to
the roots Of the payments
problem now facing the
United States and the whole
Western economy with it.
The real problem is twofold:
to make an impact on Amer
ica's running deficit; and, as
a long term structural re-
form, to give the interna-
tional payments system a
rational basis that would al
low reasonable swings from
deficit to surplus without
threatening the world cur
rency system in the process.
Americas external deficit,
1t deserves to be said time
and time again, is not and
never has been q loose-living
deficit in the usual style.
Americas trade and services
transactions still show q very
large surplus. The monetary
deficit is produced only by
the large special outflow Of
government aid and military
expenditure and by private
capital outflows in direct in
vestment and loans of every
kind. America is not living
beyond its foreign income; 1t
Is investing and giving be-
yond its foreign income. To
this extent 1t deserves the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16

States help in arranging for
eign aid Of around SIS billion
ever q three-year period to help
get Brazil on Its economic feet;
postponement Of the $3.50 mil
lion debt Brazil is due to pay
the United States this year.
Initiation, Poverty
Brazil. country Of go mil
lion, has experienced calamitous
initiation, among other evils.
Numbing poverty Is the lot Of
multitudes, especially In the
northeast. There have been
predictions the country Is
headed for collapse. followed by
q possible Communist takeover,
unless Its government pushes
stern economic and social re-
forms.
Some $3.50 million in United
States aid has been given 10
Brazil since 1851. President
Kennedy said last December
that Brazil had IAN initiation
OF so per cent, which is almost
unprecedented and eats UP
our aid"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
Ex-U. S. Official
jailed in Plotting
Laos Aid Freud

A former United States for
eign aid official has received q
one to three-year jail sentence
after pleading guilty to charges
of conspiring to defraud the
Government in connection with
the multi-million dollar for
eign aid program in Laos.
The defendant was Edward
T. Mcnamara Of Bloomfield.
N. J. who served from De-
cember. 1855 until November.
1857 as the public works and
industrial officer in the Laos
mission Of the International
Cooperation Administration.
Judge Edward A. Tamm SEN
fenced Mcnamara yesterday.
He had pleaded guilty to an
indictment which charged that
between July, 1856. and Octo-
Der, 1857, he helped Universal
Construction. Ltd. Of Bangkok
Thailand. obtain foreign aid
construction contracts in Laos.
The indictment also accused
him Of approving payments to
Universal without examining
contract performances and Of
receiving $12,230 gifts from
two Universal executives.
The executives, Gerald Pea
body former Universal chair
man and Willis H. Bird. for
mer managing director, were
also indicted but they are re-
portedly living abroad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
RALPH McGILL
Benin, Early African Art Center

There are notes in the
histories Of the 3. c. years
of Phoenicians trading for
gold along the West African
coast In 500 BIC. Henry The
Navigator, Portugal's great
est figure, opened up the
west coast. In 1885 the Por-
tuguese penetrated to Benin
for peppers. Then came the
slave trade to supply labor
in Brazil. BY 1910 trade
with Benin was almost ex-
clusively in slaves. The de-
cline began.
The Portuguese had built
q church. A school was
opened. An existing docu-
ment CPortuguese) dated In
1916, says that many persons
in Benin became Christians.
But rum, guns, beads, cloth,
and the most ruthless sort
Of greed outpaced Chris
tianity. The rulers Of Benin
became successfully more
corrupted. The city devel-
oped q reputation for de-
graded practices. Human
sacrifices began to play q
role in the despotic tyranny
Of the city. Ironically, the
victims we're crucified, some
times as many as 100 in a day
In 1897 the situation was
such that the British sent
an expedition. The king,
hearing Of it. sacrificed ex-
tensively. The British SOL
diers found the palace court
yard almost carpeted with
bodies. Hundreds were on
crude crosses leaning against
the walls. Magnificent
bronzes, Of the earlier aban-
doned culture, were found
under piles Of refuse in an
old building. Peace was re-
stored.
Today Benin is a quiet
provincial city of perhaps
100000 persons.
IAN Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Our Image Is Anti Communist

We actually used q black
Jack against the conservative
Katangan leader Tshombe,
preventing Katanga by force
from being autonomous. Only
recently we offended the
Portuguese Salazar govern
ment when Assistant Secre-
tary Of State Mennen VIII
liams stated that the United
States favored self-determin-
alton Of the Portuguese ter
ritory Of Angola.
In Europe. Washington has
frequently needed the con-
sentative German govern
ment. We scolded Ambassa-
dor Grewe and caused his
recall. President Kennedy
gave q dressing down to AM
bassador Grewe's successor
and we have established O
lobby in Bonn against the
Paris-Bonn treaty. The dis
like for President de Gaulle
in Washington is well known
because Of his policy Of q
Europe Of the Fatherlands.
We have offended Canada's
conservative DEF e n b @ ker
government, causing its over
throw. And although our re-
lations with Britain are still
cordial. President Kennedy
greatly weakened the Mac
milan Conservative govern
ment when he pulled the
Skybolt rug from under 1t at
Nassau.
All this, Of course. is well
known among political OBJ
servers, but the rank and file
of citizens around the world
still look upon the United
States government as de-
terminedly anti-Communist.
Perhaps this is so because Of
the vast sums we spend on
economic and military aid,
and the great publicity given
to our plans to strengthen the
NATO. Abroad. our goal for
peaceful coexistence seems to
get lost in the shuttle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
Traveller Traces Nigerion City History
Which Produced Magnificent Bronzes

known to Europeans, who
had done little more than
slave trade at hurriedly built
coastal castle forts. There
were the kingdoms Of Benin
and Efe, that produced art
now known and a dmired
throughout the world. There
was Bornu, with a history
dating back q thousand years.
The Fulani empire had ruled
most of northern Nigeria for
a century before the British
conquest. The Yoruba empire
held power over a long
stretch of the area along the
vast-curving Gulf of Guinea.
Benin now is q quiet, slow
moving town. Its market is
huge and an almost I'M
believable completely Of col
ors and sounds. The reds Of
peppers, the beige of the
huge yams, two and some
times three feet long and
sometimes four or five inches
in diameter; the golden
plum like fruit, the scarlet
look of oranges, the tan
gold Of pineapples, the
blood-red clusters of palm
oil nuts - all this, and more,
is mingled with laughter,
shouts. appeals Of vendors,
the smell of goat meat on
skewers placed in rows about
a charcoal fire, the aroma
of plantain and meat being
fried in palm oil. And always
the sun burns down.
Benin reached its peak
in the 18th and 18th
centuries. 1t was then q
highly organized govern
ment, supported by a large
and, one judges, an effective
army. It Produced not
merely bronzes. but q large
variety Of carvings, today
priced by many museums.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
FRED HLRSCH
Rghting u. S. Monetary Deficit

That means q larger budget
deficit, which Congress does
not like. But it is the only
way In which Americas do
nestle and external economic
problems can now be solved
at the same time.
Some rethinking in the
American administration Is
also needed on the long run
question Of creating an en-
larged mechanism Of inter-
national credit. The United
States now has a clear inter-
est In such a new setup. But
when the British Chancellor
Of the Exchequer, Reginald
Maudling. proposed a for
ward-looking and yet not
over-ambitious scheme at the
meeting Of the international
Monetary Fund last autumn,
he received short shrift from
the United States authorities.
above all from the very able
Undersecretary Robert Roosa
Of the United States Treas
ury.
Mr.. Roosa's chief objection
seemed to be a reluctance to
acknowledge that there was .
problem to be discussed: the
dollar. he implied, could look
after itself. At that time 1t
was still hoped that the dol
lar deficit would be elimi-
mated by the end of this year.
These hopes have now faded,
and Mr.. Roosa and his fellow
currency managers would do
well to get closely together
with their British opposite
numbers and back the Maud
ling plan to the hilt. Unless
they do, M. Rueff and those
Europeans who think like him
may yet win the day.
Copyright, The Economist Intelligencs
Unit Limited american Media
Service), 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
USIA Urged to Release
Polls on U. S. PRESTIGE

ated Press from a source who
asked not to be named"
This, Senator Scott con-
tinued, suggests that the
agreement itself is encouraging
the worst sort Of news man.
agefnent yet attempted by Gov
eminent officials"
To-day. the Government is
committed only to releasing
polls whose results it already
knows" Senator Scott added,
polls which will be made pub
lie during the height of the
1864 election campaign. But
when a Government official
decides that a confidential
poll reflects kindly upon his
agency, he leaks the poll to a
reporter"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
Move to Bar Aid to Brazil
Spurred by Red-Tint Report

er-in-law. Deputy Leonel Bri-
cola, an anti-American fire
brand, said Of Mr.. Gordon:
He doesn't have the minimum
respect for Brazil's sover-
eighty"
In Washington. Representa-
tive Harsha, Republican Of
Ohio, called attention to a re-
cent acknowledgement by Mr..
Dantas that United States aid
money would be used in part
to promote trade with all
countries. including Russia. I"
"At q time when we are US
ing American tax dollars In the
Alliance for Progress to try
to strengthen Latin America
against communism" Mr.. Har-
sha said. II think 1t would be
an exercise in futility to turn
over money to Brazil SO 1t can
promote trade with Russia"
Cramer Expresses Distaste
Representative Cramer, Re-
publican Of Florida, said he
would look with extreme dis
taste and indeed adherence"
on aid to Brazil at this time.
He said: =
There Is no question that
there Is substantial subversive
activity In the Brazilian gov
eminent, including the armed
forces. This is q real danger
and threat"
Senate Democratic Leader
Mansfield said he would re-
serve comment until he could
study the matter further. Many
other legislators were unavail-
able for comment, but there
was little doubt that develop
ments had made the road for
Brazilian aid more rocky.
Mr.. Dantas is reported TO be
hoping for:
Release OF ss4 million In aid
suspended In 1861 during q
period Of political turmoil In
! Brazil; substantial United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
But Washington Bullets Conservatives
Around the World, Observer Says

minister counselor in Rome
and paid little special atten-
ton to the "leftist elements"
In Italian politics.
\ 1t has been known for
some time that members Of
our foreign service as well as
those serving in the State
Department In Washington
must be exceptionally careful
with whom they associate If
they expect promotions.
This has been so for the last
five or six years and has
been accentuated in the last
two years.
In Rome Mr.. Horsey was
known for his independence
in associating with those on
both sides of the fence in
the belief that this was the
best way Of obtaining q COM
plete picture Of Italian poll
tics. But Senator Humphreys
questioning Of this sort Of in
dependence Is serving as a
warning to every member of
the State Department at
home and abroad.
The questioning of the
Horsey appointment also
brings clearly into view the
basic foreign policy Of the
administration; that Is, warm
approval for leftist govern
ments and frowns and some
times hostility for those right
of center. II one reviews the
policies Of the New Frontier
over the last two years 1t
becomes obvious that this
was its intention from the
beginning. To name q few
instances. in Laos we did not
support the conservative ele-
ment, but rather encouraged
forcefully a neutral govern
ment with o broad base"
That is a government COM
posed of conservative center
and Communist elements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
RALPH McGILL

WEST AFRICA, Nigeria
Fifty five minutes by air out
of Enugu the sun begins to
glitter from the roofs of a
city called Benin. Coming
nearer one may think this
looks to be a modern place
with many, many new con-
structions. But as the plane
is low over the town, one sees
that 1t Is not new, but old.
There are many two-storied
buildings, but they are made
of the huge, red unfired-clay
bricks. Only the roofs are Of
our time, being corrugated
aluminium. There Is q charm
about the place. 1t sits amid
tall palm trees, whose flaring
tops seem to be q collection
Of green peacock tails.
History leaps at one from
Benin - the good and the
bad. (History is equitable,
giving to all nations, and
cities, portions Of the best
and the worst.) The Portu-
guese came first. always
one encounters the soldiers
and traders from Portugal
when one begins looking into
the records Of Africa When
they arrived they found the
sculptors Of Benin already
were casting bronze. They
had learned the art of sculp-
ting figures of beeswax and
then coating them with clay.
This was allowed to harden.
It was then baked. The heated
wax drained out. Molten
bronze then was poured in.
Some Of these casting are in
British and Portuguese mu-
seums. Others are in Benin.
They date to the 18th and
14th centuries.
There were then many COM
pick kingdoms in that Africa,
which was so new and I'M
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16

Shortly before this report
er left Rome for a brief visit
to Washington. he asked a
Roman newspaperman what
he believed was President
Kennedy's image in Italy.
The reply was, THE Com
munists and leftists win al
ways hate President Kennedy.
But In the last year or SO he
has disappointed the right
Of : center people. However.
there are still those who look
upon him as the man who
win save the world - and
naturally italy - from COM
munism."
This recalled a recent din
ner conversation in Rome.
The signora on my right
asked, why does President
Kennedy give such warm sup
port TO Premier Fanfani?
Fanfani has brought o left
government to Italy"
I replied that the Kennedy
New Frontier was itself a
progressive" government in
the belief that this policy
would further It's goal for CO.
existence and world peace,
and naturally. 1t tends to sup
port leftist governments. The
signora's surprise on learning
this caused her to say, But
then we are LOST Italy-the
whole world is-if America is
not determined to destroy
communism"
The above conversations
came to mind when recent
ly Senator Humphrey delayed
the approval Of the Foreign
Relations Committee Of Out
erbridge Horsey as Ambasss-
dor to Czechoslovakia.
The reason, he said, was
that Mr.. Horsey had Offend
ed some Of the more lib
eral element" Of the State
Department when he was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
Gold Proposals Are Believed Harmful;
Alternative Possibilities Discussed

gratitude Of the other free
world peoples. For these
peoples It would clearly have
been disastrous to cut the
deficit off at its source
the major outpayments of
the United States Govern
ment.
Yet, after six years, the
net outflow Of dollars has
still to be checked, whatever
its source. Since there Is no
prospect Of any great In
crease In the already very
large surplus on trading ac-
count--at a time when Brit
ain and other European
countries are trying equally
urgently to increase their own
exports-more and more ex-
perts in Europe are coming
round to the view that the
balance will have to be
squared on capital account.
And since the administration
would not wish, for impor-
tant political reasons, to risk
the terrible disintegration of
the West that could possibly
be caused by a sudden drying
UP Of American aid and for
eign military expenditures,
this leaves as a target the
large private capital out
flows.
The target is not a diff
cult one. A straight increase
In American interest rates Of
even one per cent would have
considerable effects. And en-
lightened opinion in Europe
is urging that the undesirable
restrictive effect Of higher
rates in the United States
domestically should be off
set by a larger budget stimu-
lus - lower taxes or high
er government expenditure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
POTOMAC FEVER
BY FLETCHER KNEBEL

Franklin Roosevelt jr, tells Senators he'll be "purer
than Caesars wife, Undersecretary of Commerce.
Smiling Senators concede pure as driven snow Job
AH&H
Barry Godwater Rshes the "mnd-changers" at the
Pentagon None Of that stuff for Godwater He hasn't
changed his mind since 1898.
General Motors beats the Government in an antitrust
1t blow for Bob Kennedy He had planned to
bust 1t to Corporal Motors.
Strange turn of events During the Eisenhower admin
istraton it Ike who the golfer Now it's Nixon who
turns up with Paar
Egghead newspaper One that fills the paper with inter-
pretative stories of all the news it printed.
So
It mistake to change the income tax deadline to
April In the old days when you made the March is pay
ment, you knew it was the end Of winter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-16
BY the Associated Prs

An official United States
statement that Communists
have bored into Brazil's gov
eminent put new steam today
into @ congressional movement
to bar aid to the huge, trouble
racked South American coun-
try.
Pouring more millions into
Brazil now would be IAN exer-
else in futility," one Congress-
man said. There were demands
that assistance be denied until
Brazil cleans house Of Reds or
extreme leftists in any positions
of power, and shows that
American aid will not be used
to promote Brazilian trade with
Russia.
The United States statement
about Red infiltration came
out in q curious. mixed-up way
at q time when Francisco San
Tiago Dantas. Brazilian Finance
Minister, was here seeking
multi-milliop dollar aid. A
powerful man In the Brazilian
government, he Is an advocate
of q soft policy toward Com
munist Cuba.
Transcript Issued
On Thursday. @ House For
eign Affairs Subcommittee
issued q transcript Of testi-
mony attributing the following
statement to Lincoln Gordon.
United States Ambassador 10
Brazil.
Their number (the Commu-
nists In Brazil) Is small but
their influence is much larger
than those numbers would sug-
gest. The principal field OF
infiltration and influence is In
the labor unions. In the gov
eminent itself there has been
infiltration. The student move
ment Is another major area OF
penetration, with the National
Student Union now being DOM
mated by Communists"
This statement was reported