davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Terrorist Chiefs
Flee Prison
In Venezuela

CIUDAD TRUJILLO, vene-
zuela, Sept. / (APO-Nien
key terrorist leaders escaped
yesterday from prison in this
State capital.
The fugitives got a head
start Of several hours before
their escape was discovered.
Discarded prisoners clothers
we're found in the village Of
Papamito. about 35 miles from
the prison.
Among the nine. Communists
and rightists serving prison
terms ranging from l8 to 30
years, we're: Fabrico ojeda. a
Cuban trained guerrilla; Capt.
Teodoro Molina, a leader Of the
Communist inspired Puerto Ca
bello marine garrison revolt In
1862; Mai. Pedro Vegas, leader
OF q similar revolt at Carupano,
also in 1862: 1t. Hector Flem-
ming. also captured In Caru-
pano: Capt. Omar Echevarria.
from Carupano; Luben Petkoff,
a Communist guerrilla who had
taken part in the Puerto Ca
bello revolt; and Gregori
oLunar. q commandant In the
pro- Communist underground.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
johnson Back Home
After Scandinavia Visit

tour. Mr.. Johnson visiteC
Sweden, Finland, Norway, Den
mark and Iceland.
He flew home from Reykja'
vik, Iceland. where he wal
honored at q luncheon yester-
day.
The Vice President Is sched.
uled to report to President
Kennedy on his trip today.
In Reykravik. Mr.. johnson
and his wife walked through 9
Communist sponsored demon.
stration demanding removal o.
United States troops.
Emerging from the luncheon
he found a mixed crowd o.
well-wishers along with aboui
200 pro Communist demon.
strators. Under police escort
he strolled through the Grove
TO his hotel 200 yards away.
The pro Communists de.
manded immediate Withdrawal
Of the 1000 United States sail.
ors and Marines from thu
NATo base at Keflavik, about
30 miles from here.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Senate Believed Right to Give President
The Benefit of the Doubt on Rare Event

and fasten the NATO mech
anism even more thorough
ly on its present dead center.
But the more one plows
through the testimony and
ponders its meaning, the
more one realizes that while
these objections are possi-
bilities and probabilities,
there are more certain ad-
vantages on the other side
of the argument. One, Of
course, would be the sharp
diminution in the radio
active dust settling upon the
earth. Another would be the
fairly certain slowing down
of the spread of workable
nuclear weapons to other
countries, which has always
seemed to me the most
pregnant danger of all
more dangerous than any
likelihood of surprise attack
or war by accident.
We have gone through epi-
sodes of peace euphoria" be-
fore - after the spirit Of
Geneva" and after the spirit
Of Camp David" (though I
do not know that we suffered
much measurable military
loss as a RESULT. But in the
political mix" that is pro-
ducing the present detente
there is an additional and
vitally different ingredient.
In the present case, Mr..
Khrushchev's political mott
vations are not solely-per-
haps not even Importantly
connected with his western
front. They are surely con-
cerned with China. This con-
sideration has never before
been present in anything like
its current proportions. His
China problem is, pre-emi-
nently, the problem he must
Evening star., 1963-09-17

fectively exercised in less
spectacular rays.
Whatever Congress may do
at this session will be re-
garded as inadequate by an
cry men anxious to accom-
plish overnight what must
take a long time to achieve.
For, as past experience in
dicates, customs and ways Of
life are not surrendered un-
der threat or in an atmos-
phere of passion.
This country has prided
itself on its constitutional
system "a government Of
written laws. Unjust laws are
not repealed by mob violence
but by steady and persistent
pleas in the court of public
opinion. The means of COM
munication are numerous to-
day and are available to pro-
ponents or opponents Of any
legislation.
The theory that demon
strations are essential to the
winning Of public opinion
fails to take into account
that, in an atmosphere Of
anger and bitter resentment,
there is no human progress
If laws are passed before the
electorate has really been
persuaded of their justness
through application Of the
rule of reason. Violence be-
gets more violence. It doesn't
vanish when provocative
speeches are made in the
name of "non-violence."
It is a time for self-exami-
nation by all sides Of the
current controversy. There
surely are in every commu-
nifty men Of all races who can
sit down together to work out
needed reforms and gradual
ly put them into effect
through city ordinances.
They can also bring about
the passage of the necessary
State or Federal laws to deal
with particular barriers to
the better understanding
which should prevail among
all races.
Even this process, however,
takes time for education Of
the citizens and a legal de-
termination of where private
rights end and public rights
begin. Time and reason can
solve any difficulty, but the
passions Of anger will solve
nothing-not even in the re-
lations Of governments or
nations, as the wars Of the
past have tragically proved.
q 1868, New York Herald Tribune Inc
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Pros and Cons of Test-Bun Treaty

get under control before he
does anything else; and If
the Russians do abrogate
this treaty, it is highly un-
likely that they will do so
before Mr.. Khrushchev has
won the widespread and alb
solutely fundamental quarrel
with China within the world
Of Communists. He knows
that, fought on purely ideo-
logical, Marxist- feminist
grounds, ne must lose this
battle. AS one authority puts
1t, He has visited too many
doctrinal bawdy houses to-
stand pure before the Com 4.
muniSt world"
The only ground on which
he can fight this war with
China is the peace" ground.
1t is the Communists, In
spired from Moscow, after all, /.
who have been parading, year
after year, all over the world.
in their ban the bomb
demonstrations. He must E
drive ahead with this, partly
to try to disrupt the Western
alliance, but now more ur-
gently to beat back the
Chinese influence around the
world. He cannot trust China
any more that we can. It is,
for now, totally to his inter-
est that Chinese acquisition
of a nuclear arsenal be pre-
vented, as 1t is to our en-
terest.
What is happening, there
fore. is not just another
Camp David diversion. Thee
test-ban treaty has emerged =
at the moment of, and be-
cause Of, a rare concatenation
of world events. This is what
the President thinks he sees,
and this is what he is seizing
upon. and the Senate is sure
ly right to give him the
benefit Of the doubt for this
rare occasion. -
(All RiEhts Reserved)
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Russian Scientists Remarks at u. N.
Said to Indicate Reversal by Moscow

The attitude Of Soviet
scientists on the question Of
cooperating in space has
changed with such startling
swiftness that American Of
ficials now find themselves
Inusing on the fantasy Of
adapting an American n
booster to send q Russian
spacecraft to the moon.
The change became ap-
parent In a httle-noted
speech by Academician A.
Blagonravov, the chief So
Wet negotiator on space CO.
operation, before the United
Nations Space Committee
Hast Thursday night. He
talked for the first time as
If his country were prepared
to engage in positive co-op-
Grafton on manned space
flight. o realm Of activity
previously cloaked in high
military secrecy.
Z DR.. Blagonravov talked
emphatically . Of interna-
tional collaboration and
promised that his nation
would submit advance in
formation on its projects and
technical data on its flights
as well as publishing its dis
coveries in space biology, q
form of cooperation pre-
viously suggested by the
United States but ignored by
the Soviets.
DR.. Blagonravov amplified
his position in private con-
versation with DR.. Hugh
Dryden, this country's nego-
tiator, in which he said for
the first time that it might
be worthwhile to hold dis
cusSions on com bining
forces to reach the moon.
Mr.. Kennedy has been
persistent in urging that the
Evening star., 1963-09-17
CHARLES BARTLETT
Joint u. S.-Soviet Moon Project?

The scheduling of projects
could be based on the avail
ability Of resources and per-
sonnel instead of upon a COM
petition in which the Soviets'
secrecy works to this coun-
try's discomfort.
Russian thinking on the
moon race is apparently
divided between the engi-
neers, who are anxious to
send men to the moon, and
the scientists, who claim to
be satisfied with what they
will learn from the soft
landing of instruments, q
feat that is likely to be ac-
complished by the end Of
this year.
Mr.. Khrushchev, who has
intimated that he would just
as soon leave the moon to
the Americans, has apparent
ly kept the issue unreSolved
until his scientists learn
more answers to the prob
lens of expense and tech
nology involved In q lunar
landing.
They have always before
said that Joint missions
would be impractical because
Of the military secrecy Of
their boosters. They have
been unwilling to consider
any onfrontation" of
American and Russian space
equipment. Even as they
paid lip service to space CO.
operation, they seemed in
tent on the barriers that
would obStruct it.
But the pressures and cost
Of space competition are un-
doubtedly felt more keenly
in Moscow than they are
in Washington. These pres
sures and the new atmos-
phere point the present
prospect Of a serious attempt
to join in the voyage to the
moon.
G 1858
Evening star., 1963-09-17

Institute Of Park Executives
the American Association OF
Geological Parks and Aquar-
iums, and the National Con-
ference on State Parks.
Meeting for the first time,
the grounps are expected to
total some 1000 delegates
from the United States and
Canada.
They will discuss progress
sive improvements In park
administration, conservation
and recreational facilities for
the public"
Speakers will include In
terror Secretary Udall and
Commerce Secretary Hodges.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Foreign Ministers
fiun TuIks Here
BY the Associated Press

West German Foreign Min
lister Gerhard Schroeder and
Italian Foreign Minister Attilio
Piccione will be in Washington
later this week and next for
conference with President Ken
nedy and Secretary Of State
Rusk. the State Department
said today.
Mr.. Schroeder Is due TO ar
rive Thursday and will meet
with Mr.. Rusk on Friday. The
German Foreign Minister will
be In New York Saturday, but
will return TO Washington Sep
tember "a for talks with the
President.
Mr.. Piccione will meet with
Mr.. Rusk Friday. State De-
partment Press Officer Richard
I. Phillips said Mr.. Piccione
also viii see Mr.. Kennedy but
that no time has been set for
their meeting.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
ERIC sEvAREID

Those who write or speak
or vote-on the nuclear
test-ban treaty feel q GER
tain sense of helplessnesS
when they read their mail
these days from listeners,
readers and constituents.
Most informed proponents
and opponents Of the treaty
are ridden with doubts about
their stand, because that is
the nature of this exercise
in hope, so clouded with un-
certainties. But nearly all
the letters from citizens, few
of whom. one gathers, can
have read the testimony with
care, reflect no doubts at all
the treaty is a Russian
trap. or, conversely, the
treaty is an irreversible step
toward peace and friendship,
an end to the cold war and
sanity at long last In the af-
fairs of man.
Would that things were so
simplel If they were, this
treaty would not represent
an act of great courage on
the part of the American
leadership. 1t took great
courage for the President to
issue an ultimatum to the
Soviet Union over Cuba last
year. and. though it repre-
sents the reverse side Of the
coin Of cold war, this treaty
has required courage Of much
the same order, even though
the test Of 1t is less imme-
diately in prospect.
The danger in it is not as
implausible as the eternally
sanguine among us appear
to think; the danger is not
something exclusively con-
jured up in the passionate
anti-Russian recesses Of DR..
Edward Teller's complicated
mind. There Is a possibility,
however remote, that the So
Wet Union might find. in
advance Of this country, a
workable anti-miSsile sys-
TEN. There is a real posi-
bility that many Of our best
weapons laboratory people
will drift away, that our own
missiles in their siloS will de-
teriorate in reliability as the
years pass without atmos-
pheric testing. There is a
strong possibility that for
some time to come, at least.
the treaty will not slow down
the arms race.
There is q strong posi-
bility that the treaty will
not decrease the military
tensions between this coun-
try and Russia. Indeed, it
is more likely to increase
them for a time, because 1t
is what military planners
don't know about the en-
emy that most persistently
engages their worries and
suspicious. There is a strong
possibility that the treaty
will further relax the alert
ness of our European allies
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Park Executives,
Related Groups
Convene Sunday

Members Of the cabinet and
Congress will be among the
featured speakers next week
at a Sheraton Park Hotel con-
ference.
The event runs for five days,
Sunday through Thursday. It's
title runs almost as long. It's
called:
The Washington Cd. c.
Conference Of the American
Evening star., 1963-09-17
DAVID LAWRENCE

The tragedy Of Birming-
ham reflects the conflicts of
angry men. 1t emphasizes a
defeat for the rule of rea-
son and a triumph for the
spirit of mobocracy.
To preach non-violence,
yet to sanction street DEM
onStrations which incite to
violence, is to stir up the
deepest emotions. Under
such circumstances, men on
both sides tend to feel rather
than to think.
Responsibility for the re-
cent outbreaks of violence
will be attributed by each
side to the other in the inte-
grafton controversy. 1t will
be said that, If the churches
themselves had not become
active participants in the
public demonstrations, there
would have been less resent
ment in the communities. It
will be argued in reply that
there was no other way to
dramatize what was felt to
be an innate injustice, both
in law and morality.
There is no question about
the fact that the bitterness
Of those who have been dis
criminated against because
Of race or color produces an
anger that often brushes
aside pleas for a rule of rea-
son and for the operation Of
a system Of law. Not so many
years ago, the anger Of the
mob caused the lynching of
many an innocent man.
The mob always felt sure
that the suspect was guilty
and cried out: why wait
for the courts-he's quilty!"
The cry today is: why wait
for the process Of law-it's
too slow!"
The air is filled with
threats. 1t is being said that,
unless this or that reform is
Immediately granted, there
will be race violence. No con-
structive purpose is served by
such threats and, when ut
tered by clergymen, they are
even more discouraging. For
what is lacking in the con-
troversies today is the re-
straint that comes from a
true religious spirit. Saint
Thomas Aquinas In his IA
nous book said:
"The angry man Is ener-
getic in the pursuit Of Justice.
Evening star., 1963-09-17

moon race be fused into a
combined effort. He mem
toned the idea in his first
speech to Congress and car
ried it to Vienna, where Pre-
mier Khrushchev seemed so
menacing that he kept it in
his pocket. He has put 1t pri-
vately forward again in the
warmer climate of recent
weeks and is now awaiting
a response from Moscow.
The essence Of the Presi-
dents enthusiasm for the
plan is the point that CO.
operation in space science
and exploration would "em-
phasize the interests that
unite US, rather than those
that always divide U.S." 1t is
a question Of whether this
new dimension Of mans
activity is to become q uni
flying challenge or merely an
extension Of the cold war
battle-ground.
His enthusiasm has also
a practical base-space ex-
ploration is painfully ex-
pensive. Even as he strug-
giles with the budgetary bur-
den Of the moon race, Mr..
Kennedy must decide
whether to go further with
a moon station and an orbit
ing space laboratory. The
cost Of these projects makes
it impossible to justify them
as prestige spectaculars and
difficult to weigh them
against the varied needs on
earth.
A relaxation of the race
into q co-ordinated effort
would have the great virtue
of removing the high cost
of uncertainty as to what
the other fellow Is doing.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
All Sides Urged to Work Out Reforms
And Put Them Into City Ordinances

But anger can destroy the
reasonableneSs and prudence
of our actions. Frequently
angry men exact a greater
vengeance than the injury
done to them merits"
This applies particularly
to the men who bombed the
Negro church in Birming-
ham. They do not represent
or reflect a majority senti-
ment in the community.
They gave vent only to their
own passions Of anger, and
their evil deed will bring
about an adverse reaction to
whatever cause they had in
mind.
Who committed the crime
tossing a bomb that killed
four young girls in a church
during Sunday School serv-
ices? Could this possibly have
Seen the premeditated plot Of
any organized movement?
Could it have been-as some
observers are beginning to
suspect -. the work of that
small but dangerous clique
inside this country who capi-
talize on every public con-
troversy? They provoke fric-
ton and violence because
these will injure the image
Of America throughout the
world-an objective sought
by Communist subversives
who even employ some Fas-
cistS for the purpose In order
to conceal the true origin Of
the drive.
1t will be of little avail to
accuse any one in public Of
fice-or the people of Bir-
mingham - Of responsibility
for last Sundays crime. This
will tend only to increase Bit
terness all around. Maybe the
perpetrators of the bombing
will never be caught. Wheth-
er in the North or South,
most bombings in recent
years have gone unsolved be-
cause the bombs can be toss
ed from a speeding automo-
bile which then vaniShes, or
they can be planted clandes-
timely during the night.
The answer to the coun-
try's race problem will not
come from bombings any
more than it will come from
demonstrations, however or
derly they may appear to be.
The right Of petition under
the Constitution can be eff
Evening star., 1963-09-17
By the Associated Press

Vice President johnson re-
turned home early today from
his two-week. l5,000-mile good
viii tour Of five Scandinavian
nations.
Mr.. johnson and his party
landed at lao am. at Andrews
Air Force Base. where he took
off on September 2. On his
Evening star., 1963-09-17
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Rockefeller says he'll in November whether to
run for President-or for cover.
The nation of Malaysia born made UP of Malaya
Singapore Sarawak and North Borneo One more and it
would have been instant quintupets.
The Kennedy administration drives for an $l billion
tax cut It's the partnership theory Every American
squander some Of his money right along with the Govern
ment
Republican Chairman Miller committee officials
to be neutral in the presidential fight means it. too:
From now on Godwater stckers the bumper only
It's true that not all schools are really nteVrated-
but then not all Of our States really united.
Wisconsin politician Of Polish ancestry Jumps all the
way into the Kennedy cabnet-a champion Pole
vauter.
Evening star., 1963-09-17

The signed columns on these pages, like the
c1rtoon beo, are intended to present Star readers
NTH Utde range OF opinions on issues of the day,
Including opinions 1ohich conflict Nth our oUn
The Stars UtetDS are expressed In its editorials
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-11

the need for the travel per-
formed"
Commenting on the savings
that could be made if coach
instead Of first-class accom-
modations are used, the GAO
said that the difference in a
flight to Chicago, for example,
is $9.75, a saving of % per cent
in trip cost.
%. We believe that the
Board Of Commissioners should
require District personnel and
others travelling for the District
to utilize less than-first- class
air accommodations to the ex-
tent possible and to fully justi-
fly all first-class travel" the
GAO said.
Walter N. Tobriner, president
Of the District Board of Com
missioners, has now advised the
GAO that the District will
adopt a policy providing due
guidelines for department
heads to follow in authorizing
air travel. the report said.
However. Mr.. Tobriner said.
there are instances involving
unusual circumstances where it
is sometimes necessary to use
first class air accommoda-
tions."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-11

and less costly accommoda-
tons were generally available"
"In our opinion" said the
GAO, "this practice is incon-
sistent with the Federal Gov
ernment's policy of encourag-
ing the use of less-than-first-
class air accommodations to
the extent practicable"
The report said that during
the 18-month period from July
1, 1861, through December 81,
1862, the District spent $32,960
for air travel, of which SIG, 1885,
or So per cent, was for first
class travel.
"Of the 1893 air trips made,
264, or 81 per cent, were made
by first-class air accommoda-
tons"
The report said that "a sub
stantial number of the trips
were made for the purpose Of
attending meetings and conven-
lions on matters of interest to
the District of Columbia gov
eminent. while other trips were
made in connection with spe-
cific performance of law en-
forcement, health, welfare and
other District activities.
I'VE did not examine intC
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-11
Foes of Bon
On Bias Sett
Press Fight

BALTIMORE, June IL CAP.
-Segregationists win continue
to gather more signatures for
a petition to bring two pro-
posed equal accommodations
laws to a referendum, a State
legislator said yesterday.
Delegate c. Maurice Weide-
meyer, Democrat of Anne Arun-
del, chairman of the Maryland
Petition Committee, said claims
that the petitions would be in
validated because of legally
deficient signatures were being
made only to discourage sup
porters of the referendum.
The equal accommodations
law, which was to have gone
into effect June /, could still
take effect this year if 1856 of
the signatures on the petition
to bring it to q referendum are
found to be invalid.
The States Republican leader
meanwhile, said a strong"
Governor Of Maryland would
convene the Legislature in spe-
cial session and force passage
Of an adequate accommodations
bill in time to be effective
Statewide this summer"
But David Scull, chairman of
the Maryland G. o. P. State
Central Committee, predicted
there would be no such action
and said the results would be
felt in the elections of 1864
and 1866.
Mr.. Scull told a meeting Of
the Montgomery County Young
Republican organization that
Gov. Tawes has returned from
Europe "just in time to dis
cover the fruits of the public
accommodations bill that ex-
empted without protest from
the Governor almost all Of the
counties fhof v.ooIIxr ,aaadad a. -