davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
Military Assistance to Nations Defense
Called Also Prournn to Deter China j.


facing the future more real,
istically.
This realism has won re-
spect in Washington as In
other Western capitals. so
has the Indian insistence
that the peril from China is
to be measured in years
rather than In months. The
Indian people are ready to
tax themselves severely for
national defense, and to
change many Of their priori-
ties in economic Develop
ment, so that they can mobi-
lie the country's resources
against the continuing
danger. But without Western
help on a large scale, the In
dian cause cannot stand. The
eclipse of midas influence
in Asia would demoralize
world politics and give Com
munist China its largest and
most sinister victory. To
prevent this calamity the
Kennedy administration, like
other Western governments,
is ready to give India the
sinews Of resistance.
India and America have
not yet been able to agree on
every detail Of the program
Of military assistance. The
Indian request is larger than
the American commitment.
But this gap is less serious
than 1t seems. The United
States can best help India by
moving without delay to full
fill those parts Of the pro-
gram, substantial and i'm
portant. on which there
already is agreement. The
differences can be resolved
later, and the untitled por-
ton Of the Indian program
examined afresh in the light
Of new conditions.
Before Congress begins TO
complain of the cost Of this
aid, it should ask itself what
the cost would be to this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
Presidents Subw0y-Surf0ce Rail Plan
For Copitol Hailed as Blow for Masses

suming that Congress has
sense enough to 60 along with
him. thus rings the alarm for
those who would lay eight
lane ribbons Of concrete in
and around cities to increase
the already unmanageable
flow Of automobiles into the
urban eenters.
Most people who study
z this problem for any length
Of time come to the conclu-
sion that the only solution
lies In balancing the use Of
private automobiles with
modern mass transportation.
But how do you get, or
where do you really have,
modern mass transportation?
Not in New York, surely, with
its putrid, uncomfortable
miasna Of a subway system.
Nor In Cincinnati, which built
q subway In 1885 which has
never been used. Nor In Los
Angeles, with perhaps the
worst mass transit system in
any Of the largest cities.
Maybe there's hope In San
Francisco. where the voters
approved q 1892 million bond
issue for q high-speed rail
transit system. 1t Is calcu-
lated that this system will
reduce the need for freeways
from the present 48 lanes to
40 and avoid the necessity Of
building "a added lanes that
would be needed by 1875.
Another little fact to bear
In mind Is that the rail line
along the Congress Street
Expressway in Chicago. oper-
ating at about rs per cent of
capacity. carries more people
into and out Of the city's
heart than the eight lanes Of
the expressway filled bumper
to bumper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
MAX FRIEDMAN 4 ~
The Argument for Aid to India

country II China succeeded
in disrupting East Pakistan
and in scoopihg Up q large
part Of India in the Commu-
mist net. American military
assistance is much more.
than a program to help Indias
: 1t Is also a program TO deter
China. For. the very fact Of
American help places China
under notice that the United
States will not remain in
vacant indecision while the
Communists impose their will
by force on a friendly country.
1t Is therefore very important
that the aid should be given
without hesitation and
should be supported in Con-
gress without bitter divisions.
This sort Of national COM
mitment will be as important
as the actual volume Of mill
tary help in reminding the
Chinese Communists TO avoid
a reckless gamble that might
endanger world peace.
Indian has removed nearly
all its troops that once faced
the army of Pakistan. It can.
not believe that Pakistarl
would seize this emergency to
start trouble. Nor can PAX
istan's friends. The Chinese
threat has failed to end the
quarrel between these two
countries but 1t would be
folly. beyond all excuse II they
continued their active feud
while a common enemy hung
over them. ~
1t may be necessary. in the
worst circumstances. for
America to become involved.
in the fighting that will one.
day break out again between
India and China. But the
best way to lessen that risk Is.
by. giving India prompt, reli-
able and significant help
now. This is common sense.
not theology. and the weight
Of the Indian argument
should not be lost on Con-
gress. -,
Q 1893, Publishers Newspaper q
VIE Syndicate y,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05

with q wary eye on the
auto makers and highway
builders, President Kennedy
has struck q blow for the
great masses who are trapped
every day In the exasperating,
expensive and hazardous
journey between home and
work. Collectively, this trip
Is vastly more dangerous and
costly than going to the moon
or even to Mars. and harder
on the traveller.
It Is calculated that the
registered vehicles in, this
country, end to end, would
stretch out for 10000 miles;
however. there are only $780,
900 miles Of city streets and
automobiles are increasing
five times faster than the
streets. At this rate there will
be no room for automobiles
In cities. nor in the central
sections Of suburban shopping
areas. ~
Mr.. Kennedy was subtle
and roundabout, but he
grasped the nettle in an act
unknown outside the city Of
Washington, except to the
specialists in this field. The
President. urging on Con-
gress the construction of q
subway-surface rail system
In the Capital, also dropped
several long cherished loop
and freeway projects. =
This was q move In the
direction Of the advanced
theories Of Lewis Mumford,
author Of "The City in His
tory" who argues. in effect.
that it Is ridiculous TO ex-
pand existing traffic access
for automobiles that can't be
handled in the central city.
The Presidents action, as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
RICHARD wilson
ABoost for Trapped Motorists

However, IS is well known,
people are funny. A survey In
Chicago showed that 50 per
cent Of those interviewed
would not take the subway to
work If the city paid them As
cents a trip. They Just don't
like to be punched UP with
! people they c onsider their
equals or interiors.
But as time races on, how
one gets to and from work
may no longer be q matter Of
choice. The, auto makers fig
ure the 1854 model year as
the biggest in history with
sales topping ~ million.
Where these cars will be
parked Is no joke.
Innocent people who think
the F ederal Government
outside the City Of Washing
ton - can really help In this
should bear In mind that the
mass transportation bill re-
Gently passed by the Senate
authorizes for the entire
United States less than the
people Of San Francisco are
about to spend on their single
system. Full Federal respon-
sibility would be bigger than
the project Of going to the
moon.
Sponsors Of the legislation
justify 1t as seed money" to
encourage cities in developing
mass transportation. Well. the
seeds are already planted by
the millions as the new cars
emerge from Detroit. 1t will
not be many years before
modern mass transportation
Is an absolute imperative for
the continued existence Of
cities. Otherwise, to indulge
q little exaggeration. you will
not be able to get to work
at all.
distributed By the REGISTER and
Tribune Syndicate, 1889
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
MAX FREEDMAN

The Indian Government,
in one sense, has reason to
regret the deceptive calm
that has fallen on its
troubled border If the Chinese
Communists were still on the
attack. it would be much
easier for India to awaken
the Western world to the,
danger. An emergency is a
great teacher. But nations
are less eager to absorb pain
full truths when they are no
longer under the scourge
Of an actual crisis. That is
midas problem. 1t must per-
suade distant governments,
with many anxieties Of their
own, to share midas aware
ness Of the Communist
danger and to unite in meet
ing the deferred but urgent
threat.
Thus far the response to
midas call for help has been
encouraging. 1t Is no secret
that India has disappointed
many Of its Western friends
BY deciding that 1t could not
become the center Of an
Asian alliance to resist the
encroachments from China.
The government in New Delhi
has reluctantly accepted the
conclusion that such an al
lance would be without pow
er and would impose no
restraint on China's military
ambitions. India has there
fore gone for help to AM
erica and Britain and to a
lesser extent to Australia and
Canada.
In explaining the danger,
India has spoken with coura-
geous candor. 1t could not
have been easy for midas
leaders to admit that they
were wrong In their reading
Of Chinese policy. They
wanted to be China's friends.
They took the risks Of friend
ship. That was a mistake
which India now admits while
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
DAVID LAWRENCE.

Legalised extortion = Fore
ing the payment Of money
by . non-naember Of q union
to q labor organization as the
price Of keeping his job-now
has been sanctioned by the
Supreme Court Of the United
States. H.
Only o week ago, Justice
Harlan Of the same court was
writing q dissent In another
case Involving impairment
Of individual rights. He said:
Freedom Of the individual
to choose his associates or
his neighbors, to use and dis
pose Of his property as he
sees fit are things all en-
titled to q large measure Of
protection from government
al interference. i. F. There are
areas Of private rights upon
which Federal power should
not lay q heavy hand"
Strangely enough, the
eight members Of the court
who participated in this
weeks decision shut their
eyes to q fragrant violation
Of the principle Of freedom
Of association." For the
court, In the edicts it now
proclailns, has produced the
following results:
/. Whether or not an en-
ploye has conscientious ohjec-
tons to joining q labor union
or to making financial con-
tributions to its support Is Of
no consequence.
2. The employer must fire
an employee who, though not
q member Of q union, refuses
to pay money to support that
union.
3. II the employer refuses
to sign a contract with the
union which would order him
to exercise such compulsion
upon every employe who does
not belong to the union, q
costly strike could ensue and
shut down the business.
4. II the employer signs
such . contract with the
union. he must see to it that
the employees who are not
union members pay the ini-
tiatiop fee and regular dues.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05

on the Sixth of June, 1914,
all We had at stake was the
greatest battle in history
and perhaps even the great
est war--and the lives Of
many who would never see
another day in June as the
sun rose, for the last time for
them. over the already red
dening beaches Of Normandy.
/ remember seeing many
men Of many races and many
religions land some Of no
religion at all except the
bleak religion Of duty on
D-Day. There was the red
headed corporal from the
Bronx, passing alongside in
an Lei (landing craft. in
fantry). who was lingering
his rosary In the leaping
light Of the small pre-dawn
fire forward In the boat. This
the platoon commander had
lit. obedient TO previous In
structions. 10 burn his not
so-secret orders before we
reached the touchdown on
the other side Of the English
Channel.
The sergeant Just next was
a prematurely bald, once
black haired. youngster from
Philadelphia. He was "a kind
Of a Jew. I guess" he had
mentioned at one point;
meaning. ] think. that while
for whatever reason he had
strayed from the ancient
faith, the hour had come 10
seek reinsurance from the
long yesterdays.
The battalion major. in q
larger Lei there, was. as I
happened TO know. a Presby-
terrain from a place In the
South so small rs 10 be only
Q mark on q rural free de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
Forcing q Non-Member of Union to Pay
Viewed as Sanctioned by Supreme Court

Presumably, he can withhold
the money from their wages.
The theory is that the
union-as the "agent"sfor the
majority Of the employees
becomes, for all practical
purposes, a government to
which q non-union employe
must pledge allegiance by his
financial support. It is con.
tended that a non-union
member who refuses to pay 9
proportionate share Of the
unions expenses is . "free
rider"
Yet the Supreme Court Of
the United States in 1887
ruled that non-union mem
bers have a right to bargain
for themselves as individuals
in negotiations with the en-
ployer, or else to acquiesce
in the contract terms
obtained by q majority. Now
these individual workers are
being compelled to pay money
to exercise their rights.
1t Is averred by the de-
tenders Of the scheme that
the non-union member re-
ceives benefits Of various
kinds and doesn't himself
pay any of the expenses Of
obtaining them. But there
are lots Of things in the busi-
ness and professional world
from which all employees
union as well as non-union--
receive benefits but pay no
share Of the expense.
Employers provide certain
lunch. facilities and other
conveniences in their fac
tories and plants. Also, park
ing lots are often furnished
for which employees usually
don't contribute money to
help defray the cost Of keep
ing vacant land which other
wise might be used produc-
lively. Is the employer pro-
viding . free ride" for those
who use these facilities at
the expense Of those who
choose not to use them? In
q sense, there are many kinds
Of free riders"
But the significant point is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
Common Courage and Compassion
OF the Sixth Of June Is Recalled

II is good now to think
back to another June day Of
long ago and so TO let menu
ory Of the honor and gall
lantry Of the past wash us
clean for q moment, Of the
little and the sweaty and the
ugly contentious Of the pres
ent.
Now. though directly and
MORALLY we face no enemy
shell and flame. we spend our
national energy In bitterness
and pickering among our
selves about this mans rights
and that mans privileges.
Then. 10 years ago. facing
unexampled perils while
death walked heedlessly
among our troops along the
coast Of France, we knew a
timeless and an unforgotten
hour Of true national union
and true national brother
hood. We thought then Of
mans duty.
Union was based then upon
common courage and COM
mon compassion and not up
on pompous exhortations
from self-serving reformers-
OF whom few were present on
D-Day. Brotherhood was
based then upon a common
sacrifice and a common gen.
erosity In which no man
spoke much OF his rights but
every man thought long upon
his obligations. Brotherhood
was not formed by "biracial"
committees or white or black
Citizens Councils. however
these may be officially named
of which none were present
on D-Day.
Now. all we have 10 lose ia
our national dignity and our
national self-control. Then,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-05
POTOMAC FEVER
BY FLETCHER KNEBEL

Suggested honorary degrees for the June graduation
season-John F. Kennedy: Doctor Of Laws-and In-Laws
Gov Nelson Rockefeller Doctor Of romance languages
Senator Godwater: Doctor Of ancient cultures
HAA
Premier Khrtshchev: DR.. No.
Foreign Aid Boss Dave Bell: Doctor Of Philanthropy.
Attorney General Robert Kennedy Doctor Of a-master
Of none.
Press Secretary salnger: Image mot to say witch)
doctor.
...
Gov George Romney: Horse doctor, dark only.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Hearing Set Tuesday on Bill
To Alter DC. Liquor Rules

restaurants on Sunday. The
definition Of Eight wines"
which may be sold on Sunday
would be expanded to include
champagne.
The city's new drinking rules
would be supervised by an
Alcoholic Beverage Control
Board that would be taken out
from under the control Of the
Commissioners.
Other provisions Of Mr.. Null
ter's range from extension of
the city's "stand-up" drinking
privileges to hotels and clubs,
to elimination of a retail bottle
stamping requirement that po-
lice say helps them trace stolen
liquor, to false advertising bans.
Two bills introduced earlier
by Mr.. Multer offer a combina-
ton Of false advertising pro-
visions and price advertisement
bans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Astronuuts End
Jungle Training

HOUSTON June 8 a.
The first contingent Of 16 as
tronauts who underwent jun
gle training in Central America
have returned to Houston.
The first eight astronauts to
return vent to their homes i'm
mediately after their arrival
here last night. The remaining
eight are due to return today.
The original seven Project
Mercury astronauts and the
nine selected last September
participated. It was the first
time the astronauts had re-
ceived jungle training, and the
first time all 16 were involved
in a training program at the
same time.
The exercise was to prepare
them in case of emergency
landing of a spacecraft in a
tropical region.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
BY SAM EASTMAN
Star staff Writer

Liquor store bargains would
evaporate, the martini order
could go on the cuff. the
Wholesale tax on whiskey
would be raised and cham
payne would no longer be out
lawed on the Sunday restau-
rant menu.
These are among the pro-
posed changes in the drinking
habits and prices in the Dis
trict that will be spotlighted at
a congressional hearing Tues
day.
The sweeping revisions in
the city's liquor regulations are
carried In a 71-page bill intro
duced by Representative Null
ter, Democrat Of New York. A
House District subcommittee
headed by Mr.. Multer will take
UP the legislation at the Tues
day hearing.
Last year a bill by Mr.. Null
ter to revamp Washington's
liquor laws was blocked in the
full House District Committee
by q vote Of IL to IL. The new
measure is a mixture of old
and new proposals.
Bans "LOss-leader" Items
Once again, Mr.. Multer's leg
islative proposals would, II en-
acted. wipe out the loss lead
er" items offered as bargain In
ducements by the high-volume
cut-rate retail liquor stores.
These sales would be banned
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

by q minimum price regulation.
The store could not sell below
cost. This figure would be equal
to the price the retailer paid,
plus the shipping bill and a
MAKEUP to cover the cost Of
doing business.
An exception would be per-
mitted when a below-cost price
is needed to meet the price Of
a competitor.
The wholesale dealer also
would come under o similar
minimum price requirement.
Tax Would Be Raised
The Multer measure also
would hike the city's wholesale
alcohol tax from $1.25 to $3.50
a gallon. raising the possibility
that this increase would be
passed on to the consumer.
At the same time the bill car
ries a goodwill tax exemption
provision for foreign diplomats
here. The District Commission
ers would be authorized to lift
the tax for the foreign diplo-
mat on imported alcohol or on
liquor purchased from a GUS
toms bonded warehouse.
Champagne on Sunday
Another major provision
would allow restaurants to ex-
tend credit to cocktail orders.
Except for special credit-card
arrangements, the city's cur
rent law limits this credit to
beer and light wines.
Champagne could be sold in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Guild to Dedicate
Maintenance Truck

The Junior Guild of the Davis
Memorial Goodwill Industries
will dedicate a specially de-
signed repair and maintenance
truck at ceremonies Tuesday.
The $4,000 truck will be used
to repair the Goodwill deposit
boxes at supermarkets and
other locations in the WASH
ington area without removing
them from the site. 1t was
purchased with proceeds from a
Guild ball in February.
The dedication ceremonies will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

called an inquiry into "Castro's
network In the United States"
Their testimony was made pub
lie today.
The three men are John
Rossen, Boris Evans Ross and
Richard Criley.
All three invoked their Fifth
Amendment protection against
possible elf-incrimination in
refusing to say whether they
were Communists and in de-
clining to answer numerous
questions about the Fair Play
for Cuba Committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Three Took 5th'
In Probe on Cuba
By the Associated Press

Three Chicago men linked by
Senate investigators to the Fair
Play for Cuba Committee have
refused to testify whether they
were Communist Party men,
bers.
The witnesses were ques-
toned at closed hearings here
on July Is and IA. 1861, by
the Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee in what 1t has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

Mr.. and Mrs. william F.
McWilliams, Of Ill Green
street, Annapolis, Md,
celebrated their sixtieth
wedding anniversary yes
terday with a mass at st.
Mary's Church, Annapolis.
One Of their six children,
Rev. Gerard McWilliams,
pastor Of the Georgetown
Church Of the Epiphany,
was celebrant. MIR. McWil-
liams is a retired empIOye
Of the Naval Academy.
The couple has IL grand
children and two great
grandchildren.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

be at 2:l5 pm. at the organi-
cations headquarters, 1918 New
Hampshire avenue, NV.
Tundra times., 1963-06-03

electorate for the International House of Justice. the supreme gov- erning body for the Baha'is of the world.
 The Congress ended on note of optimism. bringing to mind the words of Shoghi Effendi, late Guardian of the Baha'i World Faith: "Whatever may befall this infant Faith of God in future decades or in succeeding centuries, how ever great the rcvcrscs and setbacks it may suffer, we who have been privileged to apprehend, to the de- gree our finite minds can fathom, the significance of these marvellous phenomena associated with it's rise and establishment. can horbour no doubt that what it has already achieved in the first hundred years of its life provides sufficient guar antee that it will continue to forge ahead, until its glorious mis- sion, stretching into the dim ranges of time that lie ahead, is totally fulfilled"
Tundra times., 1963-06-03

Mrs. Winifred DemoSki, who was expecting a baby in few weeks. said, q saw the dance hall float ing down the main street, also a building where the womens club meets, sews, and has parties"
 Pausing briefly, she said, We sure appreciate what everyone is doing for us in Fairbanks
 She said she was a little girl in Galena during the last flood in 1945. This years flood was worse according to older people. The water was higher and the ice did lot of damage. Mrs. Demoski re- called, Tn the 1945 flood, l re- member my mother packing me on her back padding a canoe to safe- ty."
 Many Dialicts
 Mrs. Kay Henry. another flood victim, was resting on cot with her 14-day old baby. She has three other children. She and her hus- band David have spent two years in Koyukuk translating the Atha- bascan Ko-Yukon dialect with the Wycliffe Foundation. There are eight different dialects in the Atha- bascan language.
 MT. Kokrines Kriska, the oldest man in Koyukuk said, "The Koyu- kuk language is the hardest of al the Indian languages to speak. The children laugh when I try to teacf them. They don't even know how to say grandfather" in our Ian guage. Unless grandparents liv, with the family, the children don hear Indian spoken anymore. Int young married couples are now
Tundra times., 1963-06-03
Monday, June 3, l963
QUESTIONS ANSWERED ABOUT
 Me @seaf za~z

temperature of minus 78 degrees. The highest temperature reported was in Fort Yukon in June, 1851, of plus 100 degrees.
 Why did Alaska want to become a state?-Robin Strachman, 10 Pa tricia Lane.
 Alaska wished to change from ter- ritorial status to that of a state because its people believed it had achieved the necessary maturity In other words, the people of Alas ka wished to be on an equal basis with the people in other states.
 How cold does the water in Alas ka get in the summer time?-Robert Shwab, 6 Susan Court.
 do not know the exact tempera- ture but it is above freezing. Some of the lakes are warm enough to swim in, but I wouldn't encourage anyone to go swimming in the riv- CTS.