davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The chronicle., 1963-11-20

The donkey that starved be-
cause it was equi-distant be-
tween two bales of hay and
couldn't make up its mind which
way to move had a minor di-
lemma to solve compared to
that faced by the American oil
industry.
If you don't believe the donkey
was in a comparatively enviable
position, you should listen to the
perplexity of oil men who at
tended a recent American Pc
troleum Institute meeting in
Chicago. The industry had been
treated to a speech by Thomas
S. Gates, President of the Nor
gan Guaranty Trust Company
and former u. S. Secretary Of
Defense, which paid high tribute
to the activities of American
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
Gov. Romney's Problems

gram which he wanted badly. The
COP has a six-vote control margin
in the House but his Republicans
joined with Democrats to scuttle
the deal.
Philosophically, he said the
measure drew more Republican
support than usual in Michigan,
Democratic stronghold Of many
time Governor Soapy Williams.
He won't try again, he said.
1t might have been that Gov.
Romney was getting another "po-
litical observer" reaction from his
Republican buddies who didn't un-
derstand his idea and wondered
how he could talk so much.
The chronicle., 1963-11-20

government has sent its agents
into the United States and has
financed organizations aiming to
overthrow the American govern
ment. Only last year there also
was exposed to world view the
plot to injure the people a n d
territory of the United States
by means of missile bases and
military forces stationed in Gu
ba. These hostile moves,
although ostenSibly the respon-
Sibility of the Cuban regime,
were directed as well as fl
nanced by the Soviet govern
ment in Moscow.
Less than two years a # e r
formal recognition was extend
ed, secretary Of state Cordell
Hull - in a statement to the
press on September l, 1885
pointed to the violation of vari-
Gus pledges by the Russians,
and said:
eff the Soviet government pur-
sues a policy permitting activi-
ties on its territory involving
interference in the internal af-
fairs Of the United States instead
of preventing such activities as
its written pledge provides, the
friendly and official relations
between the two countries cam
not but be seriously impaired"
American diplomats complain
ed and protested often in enSu-
ing years, but to no avail. In
1899, the Soviet government be-
came an ally of the NaziS and
in a signed agreement guaran-
teed Hitler that he would not
have to fight on his eastern
front. He was thereby Civ e n
a free hand to make war
against Britain and France. Fin
ally, after the Nazis attacked
Russia and the United States
entered the war in 1941, til e
military aid from this country
was so decisive that without it
the communist regime would
have been defeated. But no graf
itude was ever shown the Unit
ed States, and the recent in
cidents on the Berlin Autobahn
reveal a Grass indifference to
the rights of the western allies.
Indeed, in 1850, - less than
five years after World War II
ended the Soviet government
sent arms and munitions to Red
China and North Korea for use
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
AIbatross OF Aid

aid was spent outside the U. 5. and
hence represented a dollar drain.
Whatever the precise percentage
then or now, not even Washington
would deny that its foreign military
spending should be sharply reduced for
the sake of improving the payments posi-
tion And there is no good reason Why
it cent be reduced Japan doesn't need it.
Military spending could be cut in Europe
as well.
AS former President Eisenhower re-
minds the nation in the Saturday Even
ing Post, the deployment of American
divisions in Europe, mainly West Germ
any, more than a decade ago was un-
derstood as an emergency measure de-
signed to protect the West while the
transatlantic economics were recovering.
They have long since recovered; h e
European nations could not only replace
most of the American troops but pay
much more of their own defenses.
Nor would withdrawal Of most Amer
lean troops be an invitation to Soviet
attack These columns have long believ-
ed that token u S. military presence is
enough to suggest to the Reds the re-
taliation they risk if they should attack.
In General Eisenhower'S words, one di-
vision can show the flag as effectively
as six.
The present Administration undoubted-
ly would like to make some troop with
drawals. One Of the apparent purposes
of the fast airlift Of a full armored di-
vision from Texas to Germany is to in
dicate that it isn't necessary to perman-
emily garrison great masses of U. S.
troops in Europe. But it is another
question whether the Administration has
the determination and diplomatic skill
to make significant changes in these
and other areas of military spending
soon enough. At the moment u. S. Of
ficials are trying to reassure the Euro
peans that no big change is imminent.
What does seem plain is that the bal
ance-of-payments deficit cannot tolerate
slow motion on reforming foreign aid,
military and economic, The deficit is
net disappearing; as result of it, for
eign claims against U. S. gold stocks
exceed the remaining stocks. Thus the
conditions for financial crisis are al
ready present.
The Senate Foreign Relations Commit
tee is in effect telling the Administra-
ton to revamp foreign aid or Congress
will do it, If neither branch will finally
tackle this albatross, it is only too
possible that events may do it for them,
and in no uncertain fashion.
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
Student Agitotors

Forty Yale students arrived in
Jackson recently to campaign in a
mock election under leadership Of
civil rights groups, the UPI report
ed at weekend.
In Georgia several Of these
knowledge seekers, including a
National Merit Scholarship stu
dent from Harvard, got in Jail, one
with a bloodied head. They said
they were assaulted by police. The
police said they threw bricks and
attacked an officer.
And SO it goes-zealous white
Fighters" join with Negroes of
such groups as the Student Nom
violent Coordinating Committee,
an outfit always associated with
violence and as terribly misnamed
as Martin Luther Kings Southern
Christian Leadership Conference.
King, of course, hit the all-time
high in student agitation with his
atrocious parading Of hundreds Of
teenage and under children in Bir-
mingham and landed scores in jail.
That item capped the climax not
only with whites but with many
Negroes, and to some reSentful
parents there can be traced a re-
ported growing Birmingham op-
position to Kings leadership.
Things certainly have changed
in the field of education since the
days Grandpa used to tell about
walking miles in mud, snow and
rain to the little red Schoolhouse
to study readin', 'ritin' and 'rith-
metic-not how to raise sand, defy
policemen and get in Jail.
The chronicle., 1963-11-20

Recently George Romney,
Michigan's Republican Governor
and sometime Presidential aSpir-
ant in public thought, revealed in
an apparently jovial moment let
ter from "an observer Of Michigan
politics" It went like this:
Dear Gov. Romney, | liked
your speech but | did not under
stand it. 1t was good anyway. How
can you talk so much?"
The letter was among dozens
the Governor receives each week
from school children.
Last week the Michigan legiS-
lature refused to go along with
the Governor on tax reform pro-
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
(From Wall Street Journal)


The warning could hardly be clear
er: The Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee, foreign aids best friend in
Congress, says it seriously considered
an amendment ending the whole pro-
gram in its present form on June 30,
1865.
The Senators pointedly add that they
refrained from adopting the amend
ment only in the expectation that the
Administration would before then pro-
duce major reorganization and re-
orientation of the foreign-aid program.
Such an overhaul is indeed overdue,
for many long familiar reasons: The
programs general ineffectiveneSs d
waste, its mentors basic misunder-
standings of the problems of economic
development, their unaccountable zeal
for promoting socialism in underde-
veloped regions.
But what gives urgency to the need
for the kind Of reorganization that
would also mean drastic reduction in
ments deficit We trust that the full
Senate, scheduled to take up the aid
authorization bill today, will give seri-
GUS consideration to the role of foreign
assistance in that deficit.
A variety of circumstances, includ-
ing inflationary fiscal and monetary
policies at home, conspireS to keep the
payments deficit going. 1t is difficult to
escape the conclusion, however, tn a
foreign aid is the biggest single factor.
Total aid has been running around 81
billion or SIS billion a year for some Is
years. The payments deficit has con-
tinued, with one single years Interrupt
ton, for some Is years.
Lately officials have been arguing
that the economic part of the aid is
a small, even negligible, factor in the
payments deficit because more than
80 per cent Of the expenditures for COM
modities are made in the U. S. This is
at best somewhat deceptive; there re-
mains considerable foreign spending
for products and for the thousands of
people administering the aid abroad. In
any case, the bigger part Of total aid
goes to finance American and foreign
military forces and installations over
seas.
One expert Or. Lewis z. Lloyd,
head of business research at Dow
Chemical recently presented esti-
mates at variance with the impression
conveyed by some Of the officials. He
told d House committee that in fiscal
1862 something like "a per cent of total
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
David Lawrence
so Years Of Broken PLEDGES

against the United Nations fore
eS which had baen sent to repel
aggression. Since the "armiS-
tice" Of 1853 in Korea the COM
munists have repeatedly vio-
lated their written pledges and
have kidnapped American troops
or Wantonly fired on them. More
than 100000 persons, includ-
ing Koreans, were killed or
wounded on the United Nations
side in the Korean war. Yet the
Soviet Union is still accepted as
a member Of the Security Coun-
Gil of the United Nations.
Today the Moscow govern
ment is deeply involved in fl
nancing Subversive activities in
all parts of the world, including
the United States. Yet the 3Oth
anniversary of the signing of
those pledges Of forebearance by
the Soviet government - which
have been violated in acts of
treachery and hostility to til e
United States - has gone almost
unnoticed here. The American
government might well h a V e
reviewed the record and lei t
the Russian people know the
basis for the universal diStruSt
today of the written pledges of
the Soviet government.
The chronicle., 1963-11-20

A new goal seems to have ap-
peared on the college horizon in
recent times - that of agitation,
not education.
This is in addition to the more
elegant goals of swallowing gold
fish, seeing how many youngsters
can be crammed into a telephone
booth, jamming IA or 20 to the
bed, or pushing the bed cross
country to the campus of favor
ite football foe.
Harvard, alma mater Of Presi-
dent Kennedy and about half Oh
the administration, and Yale, that
other great fountainhead OF learn
ing, still gives some attention to
turning out graduates. But there
seems to be a tendency also to pro-
duce another variety of under
graduates and alumni which might
be known as agitator cum laude.
Just recently a Yale professor
and some campus inhabitants said
there was a group standing by
ready to go into Mississippi, Geor-
gia and other parts of the South
to join and support Negro demon
strators. Already others were on
the spot and Harvard, Rutgers
University and Trinity College
also had representatives in the
melee, some of them in Jail.
AT Jackson, Miss, Negroes
asked the Justice Department to
halt police interference with Yale
students aiding them. They wired
Bobby Kennedy to complain Of ar
rests and intimidation"
The chronicle., 1963-11-20

failed to persuade President Il
liza to honor North American oil
contracts entered into by tn c
previous Frondizi government.
Being no fool, Mr.. Gates had
not skipped blithely over til e
question of possible expropria-
ton Of U. S. oil company invest
ment in foreign lands. Neverthe-
less, the news from the Argen-
tine offered a most bitter COM
mentary on his speech. N North
American petroleum companies
had don yeoman work in max
ing Argentina Self-sufficient in
oil. They had carried out effec-
tive drilling operations W hi c h
have resulted in a domestic flow
Of oil that now saves the Ar
gentine consumer from kicking
up more than 100000, 900 an
nually in hard foreign curren-
cies to import fuel. Indeed, the
ArgentinianS are even exporting
some oil. But President Illia a
refused to promise Averell Har-
ri1nan any just compensation
for an impending confiscation Of
Yankee-created property.
Meanwhile, as the oil men
were listening to Mr.. Gates say
that ''it has been gratifying to
note that the United States gov
ernment is reported to h ave
spoken up in support of tn e
agreements which American
companies made in good faith"
Brazil'S President "Jango" Gou-
lart was busy jangling his spurs
and figuratively rattling a sword.
Addressing a conference Of the
Alliance for Progress, the in
effable "Jango" informed visit
ing North Americans that Latin
America could solve its own
problems. AS "JangO'S" self-suf-
ficiency relates to oil, it con-
sists Of collecting hard money
from foreigners as an import
tax and then paying the for
eigner for his product in oft
Brazilian cruzeiros, which de-
preciate almost as fast as ice
cream meltS in a tropical sun.
Senator Hickenlooper wants to
cut off aid to any foreign ma
ton which expropriates Ameri-
can oil properties. AS for the
oil companies themselves, they
might be forgiven if they were
to dynamite their foreign pos
sessions before relinquishing
them. That is something that a
Castro could understand.
The chronicle., 1963-11-20

leges and universities. Higher
education has helped important
ly to raise the standard Of liv-
ing in America and to increase
the demand for industry'S pro-
ducts. !"
The key point is that almost
the entire load Of corporation
aid to higher education is being
carried by the equivalent of a
handful of companies. only
about 3 per cent Of our COM
panies have any educational aid
program of any kind. Today, Ga
companies are contributing a
one-fourth Of the total corpor-
ate aid to our colleges and uni
versitieS.
"A few top companies have
done an excellent job Of build
ing and expanding educational
programs" says DR.. John Pol
lard, research vice president OF
the Council for Financial Aid to
Education. "They have stuck to
their commitments in good
times and bad. But it is still
an elite movement. This fact is
as serious a problem as the
whole business Of financing high
er education In the United States
today"
What if industry doesn't as
sumo its ''fair share" Of support
to higher education? What If 9th
er private sources cannot fill
the gap - which viii widen as
the operating costs OF higher ed
ucation soar during this decade?
Then, says David Packard,
president of the Northumberland
Co., a generous contributor to
higher education in recent years,
government must necessarily
assume the responsibility. Yet,
government can only give what
it has first taxed away.
Increased government sup
port means increased financial
contributions from business -
only in the form of taxes rather
than direct giving"
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
Sylvia Porter -.
Business & Colleges

American business today is
failing to pay $10O million a year
Of its "fair share" Of support
to cur nations colleges and uni
versities.
This accusation is valid de-
spite the fact that in 1862 cor
porations contributed a record
5000 million to higher educa-
ton, up from $50 million in
1858 and comparing with a min
or $24 million only Is years ago.
This indictment holds despite
the fact that, for the first time
in history, education has dis
placed health and welfare as
the leading beneficiary Of cor
porate gift-giving and corpora
tions account for II per cent Of
all voluntary contributions to
higher educational institutions.
This default can be substan-
tiated despite the fact that the
growth in some corporation do
nations has been enormous and
these corporation gifts drama
tie what one executive C allS
zone Of the greatest leaps for
ward in philanthrophy that the
world has ever seen."
We're these comments coming
from the hard-pressed colleges
or from politicians involved in
the laid to colleges" Squabble,
you might properly shrug them
off as biased. But the indict-
ment is from industry'S own
leaders - men representing such
great corporation names as STAN
jard Oil Of New Jersey, East
man Kodak, Sears Roebuck,
General Motors, U. S. Steel.
Industry itself estimates that
1t should contribute as its 'fair
share" Is per cent of the out
side support needed in running
at $1.1.25 billion and it will be
up to So billion by 1870. Had
industry contributed its fair
share of Is per cent in 1862,
its donations would have amount
ed to $312 million instead Of
around 5000 million. If it is to
contribute its fair share in the
years ahead, its annual dona-
tions will have to rise to $500
million or to more than double
the present level.
Why should industry take on
this burden? At a national con-
ference a while ago, repreSen-
tatives of A top U. S. corpora
tons signed "A Statement of
Conviction" which says it blunt
ly:
Business and industry, as
major beneficiaries of American
higher education, should, in their
own Self-interest, assume a re-
sponsibility to contribute their
fair share.
'They employ almost half of
all college alumni. The over
whelming percentage Of senior
management of the major COM
panies 1865 per cent? is col
lege-educated. Business concerns
benefit from research carried
on in university laboratories.
They advance through new
knowledge nurtured by our col
The chronicle., 1963-11-20
David Lawrence a..

WASf1lNGlON - y u [ 81
years ago - on November 16,
1888 the United States Gov
ernment formally recognized the
government of the Soviet Union.
The anniversary furnished an
opportunity to publicize formally
the many violations of pledges
by the Soviet government dur
ing the intervening years, but
somehow the United States gov
ernment was strangely silent.
The act of recognition and re-
sumption of diplomatic rela-
tons came in 1893, after 16
years of hesitation and reluc-
tance by Presidents Wilson,
Harding, Coolidge and Hoover,
and with misgivings by Presi-
dent Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Certain conditions were i'm
posed in the agreement which
have since been flagrantly vio-
lated again and again by the
! Soviets.
In a significant memorandum
written on July 16, 1888, to Pres
ident Roosevelt by Robert F.
Kelley, chief Of the division Of
Eastern European affairs in
the Department of State, tn e
following warning had been
given:
''It would seem, therefore, that
an essential prerequisite to the
establishment Of harmonious and
trustful relations with the So
Wet government is the abandon
ment by the present rulers of
Russia Of their world revolu-
tionary aims and the discontinu-
ance of their activities designed
to bring about the realization
of such aims. More specifically
and with particular regard to
the United States, this prerequi-
site involves the abandonment
by Moscow Of direction, super
vision, control, financing, etc,
through every agency utilized
for the purpose of communist
or other related activities in the
United States"
The documents exchanged in
Washington on November 16,
1888, between President Roose-
welt and foreign minister Max
i'm Litvinoff made a particular
effort to cover the point in the
Kelley memorandum. The notes
of recognition contained mutual
promises, and the Russian gov
ernment thus agreed to the fol-
lowing pledge:
''To refrain and to restrain all
persons in government service
and all organizations Of the gov
ernment or under its direct or
indirect control, including the
organizations in receipt Of any
financial assistance from it,
from any act overt or covert
liable in any way whatsoever to
injure the tranquility, prosperi-
ty, order or security Of the
whole or any part of the United
States, its territories or posses
Sions, and in particular, from
any act tending to ir1cite or en-
courage armed intervention or
any agitation or propaganda
having as an aim, the violation
Of the territorial integrity of the
United States, its territories or
possessions, or the bringing
about by force a change in the
political or social order Of the
whole or any part of the United
States, its territories or posses
Sions."
Yet the Federal Bureau Of In
vestigation and congressional
committees have uncovered in
the last 30 years instance after
instance in which the S oviet {
Evening star., 1963-02-03
SILVER SPRING

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Evening star., 1963-02-03
SILVER SPRING

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Evening star., 1963-02-03
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Evening star., 1963-02-03
WHEATON WOODS
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Evening star., 1963-02-03
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Evening star., 1963-02-03
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Evening star., 1963-02-03
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Evening star., 1963-02-03
949-4330
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