davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-21

Ambassador Dean against any
misuse Of control for purposes
of espionage.
Road to Agreement
We believe that now the road
to agreement is straight and
clear. Beginning from January
l Of the New Year Of 1868 the
world can be relieved of the
roar Of nuclear explosions. The
peoples are waiting for this
this is what the U. N. General
Assembly has called for.
With the elimination of the
Cuban crisis we relieved man
kind Of the direct menace of
combat use of lethal nuclear
weapons that impended over
the world. Can't we solve a far
simpler question--that Of ces-
sation Of experimental explo-
sions of nuclear weapons in the
peaceful conditions?
I think that we can and
must do it. Here lies now our
duty before the peoples Of not
only our countries but Of all
other countries. Having solved
promptly also this question
and there are all the pre-con-
ditions for that-we shall he
able to facilitate working out
an agreement on disarmament
and with even more confidence
proceed with solving other ur-
gent international problems,
which we and you unfortunate
ly are not short Of.
Sincerely,
Evening star., 1963-01-21
Selected After Study

In my message of December
19, 1862. I indicated those
three areas where in the opin-
ion of our scientists automatic
seismic stations should be set
up on the territory of the
Soviet Union. Those areas
were selected after a thorough
study with comprehensive con-
sideration being given to
geological and seismic condi-
tions in those places.
In the areas Of Kokchetay
and Bodaibo automatic seismic
stations would be located, &C
cording to our suggestion, al
the exposures Of crystalline
rocks while in the Yakutsk
area-in the zone OF eternal
congelation. AS is known on
crystalline rocks and on
grounds frozen deep down al
ways only minor seismic him
drances are noticed which facil-
itate reliable detection OF un-
derground nuclear explosions.
In combination with seismic
stations abroad, on territories
adjacent to the seismic zones in
the Soviet Union, automatic
stations located in the above
mentioned points will be ade-
quate means capable OF remov-
ing possible doubts Of the other
side with regard TO the correct
ness Of functioning Of the ma.
tional seismic station network
You did not make any COM
ments on the location OF ar
automatic seismic station foi
the Altai zone in the region od
the city Of Bodaibo, and thus
we could consider this question
as agreed upon.
Evening star., 1963-01-21

States or international observ-
ers who took in portable seis-
mometers and placed them on
the pedestals, it would be very
helpful in reducing the prob.
lem of Identification.
Pugwash Proposals
You have referred to the
discussion of the "black box
proposal at the 10th Pugwash
Conference in London in Sep
tember of this year as a United
Kingdom proposal to which the
United States has agreed.
do not believe that this was the
situation.
This proposal was reported
to me as a Soviet proposal
which was discussed with some
United States scientists. OF
the United States scientists who
signed the statement none rep
resented the United States
Government or had discussed
the matter with responsible Of
ficials. All were speaking as
individuals and none we're seis-
mologists.
Their agreement does not
signify anything other than
that this was an area which
justified further study. The
United States Government has
given it that study and the re-
suits have been the conclusions
which 1 have indicated above.
Notwithstanding these prob
lens I am encouraged by your
letter. I do not believe that any
of the problems which I have
raised are insoluble but they
ought to be solved. I wonder
how you think we might best
proceed with these discussions
which may require some tech
nical development. 1t occurs to
me that you might wish to have
your representative meet with
Mr.. William c. Foster the di-
rector of our Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency at a mu-
tually convenient place such
as New York or Geneva. I will
be glad to have your sugges-
tions. After talks have been
held we will then be in a posi-
tion to evaluate where we stand
and continue our work together
for an effective agreement end
ing all nuclear tests.
Evening star., 1963-01-21
1710- --17- n
Kennedy, Khrushchev State Views on Nucear est Ban

to protect against our concern
that the on-site inspectors
might engage in Espionage"
en- route to the area Of in
spection.
In a statement at the United
Nations, Ambassador Steven
son suggested that the United
States would accept any rea-
sonable security provision
while the inspectors were be-
ing taken to the site, so long
as they had reasonable provi-
sion for satisfying themselves
that they were actually at the
intended location and had the
freedom necessary to inspect
the limited designated area.
With respect to the number
Of on-site inspections there
appears to have been some
misunderstanding. Your i'm
preston seems to be that Am
bassador Dean told Deputy
Minister Kuznetsov that the
United States might be pre-
pared to accept an annual num-
ber Of on-site inspections be-
tween two and four.
Ambassador Dean advises me
that the only number which he
mentioned in his discussions
with Deputy Minister Kuznet-
SOW was a number between 8
and 10. This represented a
substantial decrease in the re-
quest Of the United States as
we had previously been insist
ing upon a number between IL
and 20.
I had hoped that the Soviet
Union would match this mo-
ton on the part Of the United
States by an equivalent motion
in the figure of two or three
on-site inspections which it
had some time ago indicated
it might allow.
Aware Of Difficulty
I am aware that this matter
of on-site inspections has
given you considerable diff
Guilty although I am not sure
that I fully understand why
this should be so. To me, an
effective nuclear test ban
treaty is Of such Importance
that would not permit such
international arrangements to
become mixed up with our or
any other national desire to
seek other types of information
about the Soviet Union. I be-
lieve quite sincerely that ar
rangements could be worked
out which would convince you
and your colleagues that this is
the case.
But in this connection, your
implication that on-site in
spections should be limited to
seismic areas also gives us
some difficulty. 1t is true that
in the ordinary course we
would have concern about
events taking place in the
seismic areas.
However, an unidentified
seismic event coming from an
area in which there are not
usually earthquakes would be
a highly suspicious event. The
United States would feel that
in such a circumstance the
USSR would be entitled to-
an on-site inspection of such
an event occurring in our area
and feels that the United
States should have the same
rights within its annual quota
of inspection.
Perhaps your comment would
be that seismic event in an
other area designated for in
spection might coincide with a
highly sensitive defense in
stallation. I recognize this as a
real problem but believe that
some arrangement can be
worked out which would pre-
vent this unlikely contingency
from erecting an insuperable
obstacle.
Evening star., 1963-01-21


President Kennedy and So
viet Premier KhrushcheU on
nilcledr test ban talks.
From Mr.. Khrushchev to Mr..
Kennedy, December 19.
Dear Mr.. President,
In our recent correspondence
related to the events in the
Caribbean area we have touched
on the question of cessation of
nuclear weapon tests. Today I
would like to come back again
to that problem and to set
forth my views concerning pos
sible ways of its speediest So
luton which would be mutually
acceptable to both our sides.
It seems to me, Mr.. President,
that time has come now to put
an end once and for all to nu-
clear tests, to draw q line
through such tests.
The moment for this is very,
very appropriate. Left behind
is n period of utmost accute-
ness and tension In the Carib-
bean. Now we have united our
hands to engage closely in
other urgent international mat
ters and, In particular, In such
a problem which has been ripe
for so long as cessation of nu-
clear tests.
A certain relaxation of in
ternational tension which has
emerged now should, in my
view. facilitate this.
War Not Needed
The Soviet Union does not
need war. think that war
does not promise bright pros
poets for the United States
either. If In the past after ev-
cry war America used to in
crease its economic potential
and to accumulate more and
more wealth, now war with the
use Of modern rocket nuclear
weapons will stride across seas
and oceans within minutes.
Thermonuclear catastrophe will
bring enormous losses and suf-
ferings to the American people
as well as to other peoples on
earth.
To prevent this we must, on
the basis of complete equality
and with just regard for each
others interests, develop be-
tween ourselves peaceful rela-
tions and solve all issues
through negotiations and mu-
tual concessions.
One of such questions with
which the governments of our
countries have been dealing for
many years is the question of
concluding a treaty banning
all tests Of nuclear weapons.
Both Of us stand on the same
position with regard to the
fact that national means of de-
lection are sufficient to con-
troll banning experimental nu-
clear explosions in outer space,
in the atmosphere and under
water. So far. however, we have
not succeeded in finding a
mutually acceptable solution
to the problem of cessation of
underground tests.
Evening star., 1963-01-21
thanks TO KroQer Volume!

Because we buy big, we buy for les, and pass the
savings on 10 you through Rrogr discount prices few
" "ch are shown IN this reproduction of last THURSDAYS
hroger al All discount prices in this ad are cfcctyr
through Wednesday at your Kroger store.
Evening star., 1963-01-21
Main Obstacles
From Mr.. Khrushchev to Mr..
Kennedy, December 19.

Inc main OBSTACLE to an
agreement is the demand by
the American side of interna-
tiona control and inspection on
the territories of nuclear powers
over cessation of underground
nuclear tests. I would like to
believe that you yourself un-
derstand the rightness of our
arguments that now national
means are sufficient to control
also this kind of tests and be
sure that agreement is OBJ
served by any side. But so far
you do not want to recognize
openly this actual state of
things and to accept 1t as a
basis for concluding without
delay an agreement on cessa-
ton of tests.
Striving to find a mutually
acceptable basis for agreement
the Soviet Union has made
lately an important step to-
ward the West and agreed to
installing automatic seismic
stations. This idea, as is
known. was put forward not by
US. 1t was introduced by Brit
ish scientists during the recent
meeting in London of the par
ticipants Of Pugwash move
ment. Moreover, 1t is well
known to us, that when this
idea was proposed. It was not
alien to your scientists who
were In London at that time.
We proposed to install such
stations both near the borders
OF nuclear powers and directly
on their territories. We stat
ed Of our agreement that three
such stations be installed on
the territory OF the Soviet
Union in the zones most fire.
quently subjected TO earth
quakes. There are three such
zones In the Soviet Union where
these stations can be installed:
Central Asian, Altaian and Far
Eastern.
Soviet Proposals
In the opinion OF Soviet SCI
entists the most suitable places
for locating automatic seismic
stations in the Soviet Union
are area Of the city Of Kok-
chetav for Central Asian zone
OF the USSR, area OF the city
OF Bodaibo for Altaian zone and
area OF the city Of Yakutsk for
Far Eastern zone.
However, should, as a result
OF exchange Of opinion be-
tween our representatives, other
places be suggested for locating
automatic seismic stations in
these seismic zones, we will be
ready TO discuss this question
and find mutually acceptable
solution.
Beside the above-said zones
there are two more seismic
zones IN the Soviet Union -
Caucasian and Carpathian
However, these zones are so
densely populated that con-
ducting nuclear tests there is
practically excluded,
or course. delivery 10 and
from international center Of
appropriate sealed equipment
for It's periodic replacement at
automatic seismic stations I'm
the USSR could well be made
by Soviet personnel and on So
Wet planes.
However. n for such deliy-
cry OF equipment 10 and from
Evening star., 1963-01-21
N. KHRUSHCHEV.
From Mr.. Kennedy to Mr.,
Khrushchev, December 2S.
Dear Mr.. Chairman:

Dear Mr.. Chairman:
was very glad to receive
your letter Of December 19,
1862, setting forth your views
on nuclear tests. There appear
to be no differences between
your views and mine regarding
the need for eliminating war in
this nuclear age. Perhaps only
those who have the RESPONSE
bility for controlling these
weapons fully realize the awful
devastation their use would
bring.
Having these considerations
in mind and with respect to the
issue Of a test ban, I therefore
sincerely hope that the sugges-
tions that you have made in
your letter will prove to be
helpful in starting us down the
road to an agreement. I am
encouraged that you are pre-
pared to accept the principle
of on-site inspections. These
seem to me to be essential not
just because Of the concern Of
our Congress but because they
seem to us to go to the heart
of a reliable agreement ending
nuclear testing.
II we are to have peace be-
tween systems with far
reaching theological differ
ences, we must find ways for
reducing or removing the re-
curing waves of fear and sus-
picion which feed on ignor-
ance. misunderstanding or
what appear TO one side or the
other as broken agreements.
To me, the element OF assur-
ance is vital to the broader de-
velopment Of peaceful rela-
tionships.
Espionage" Provision
With respect TO the question
Of on-site inspections / would
certainly agree that we could
accept any reasonable provi-
Evening star., 1963-01-21
Security Measures

Naturally. in such a case II
will be necessary to take ap-
propriate measures which would
exclude a possibility to cause
damage to the interests OF Sc
curity OF the state on the terri
tory Of which inspection Is car
ried out. In this respect ]
fully agree with the considera-
tions expressed in your mes
sage.
Mr.. President. in your mes
sage you suggest that our rep
resentatives meet in New York
or In Geneva for a brief pre-
Iliminary consideration OF some
OF the problems you touched
upon. We have no objections
TO such meeting OF our repre-
sentatives.
The Soviet government for
that purpose appointed N. T
Fedorenko, USSR permanent
representative 10 the u. NJ, and
s. K. Tsarapkin, USSR repre-
sentative 10 the ls-nation Dis
arament Committee, who could
meet with your representative
Mr.. William c. Foster in New
York on January 7-i0.
We proceed here from the as
sumption that meetings OF our
representatives should lead al
ready In the very near future
TO agreement on questions still
unsettled so that upon the re-
opening OF the lB-nation COM
mittee session our representa-
tives could inform II that the
road 10 the conclusion OF agree
ment banning all nuclear nu-
clear weapons tests is open.
Sincerely,
N. Khrushchev.
Evening star., 1963-01-21
Other Locations

However, you have doubts as
10 the location OF automatic
seismic stations for the other
seismic zones in the Soviet
Union-Far Eastern and Gen.
trail Asian ones. As far as those
zones are concerned, in your
opinion, II would be expedient
TO place such stations in the
Kamchatka area and In the
area Of Tashkent.
In the opinion Of Soviet sci
entists. placing automatic seis-
mic stations In the areas OF
Tashkent and Kamchatka
would be a worse variant as
compared 10 the one that we
propose because in those areas
functioning OF automatic sta
tions will be seriously hand!-
capped by seismic hindrances.
But II you believe II more ex-
pedient 10 relocate those sta
tions we will not object 10 that.
In my message TO you have
Evening star., 1963-01-21
From Mr.. Khrushchev to M
Kennedy January 7 1863.


Dear Mr.. President
I received your reply to my
message Of December 19 1862
I am satisfied that you have
appraised correctly the Soviet
governments proposals set
forth in that message as di-
rected to securing in the very
near future a ban on all tests
Of nuclear weapons.
We understand your answer
as meaning that you do not
object that national means OF
detection together with auto
matte seismic stations should
be the basis for control over
an agreement banning under
ground nuclear tests.
We note your agreement that
installation of automatic seis-
mic stations will prove useful
from the point of view of in
creasing the effectiveness of
control over cessation of un-
derground nuclear explosions.
During the Geneva talks it
was justly observed, also by
your representatives that in
stallation of such seismic sta
tions would serve as good
means of verifying the cor
rectness of functioning of
national seismic stations.
1t is precisely by these con-
Siderations that the Soviet
government was guided in pro-
posing that the idea of in
stalling automatic seismic sta
tions put forward at the Pug
wash meeting of scientists be
Iut1liznd
The chronicle., 1963-12-19
Spain To Begin
Work-And-BuiId
Progrum Jan. !

MADRID CUPID - Spaniards
historically have been spectacu.
lar dreamerS and brilliant i'm
provisers. But can they buckle
down to the steady unSpectacu.
lar routine demanded by Q
work-and-build program?
On Jan. |, a massive program
of this kind officially gets TN.
der way. More ambitious thar
the country ever has attempted.
it is designed to bring the coun.
try closer to economic equality
with Europe's more developed
nations.
The government has an
nounced it will spend almost SO;
billion pesetaS (about SIS bill.
lion) in the first four years Of
the program.
It hopes this public spending
and increased private invest
ment encouraged by the pro.
gram - will Lift SPANS gross
national production by six pei
The chronicle., 1963-12-19
mates from whom to choose.

mates from whom to choose.
The group he picked range ir
age from Is to 90 and include
persons of varying ethnic back
grounds, including one Negro.
One was a near genius and one
was illiterate.
The inmates willingly ADM
they hoped to help themselves
by participating in the expert
ment.
John Parks, one Of the prison
ers, said he entered the pro
gram ito help myself and man.
kind" and added: people al
over the world are starving anc
sick. Maybe this diet will helE
than"
The convicts agreed the liquic
was smelly and foul : tasting
and a sample furnished by 9
nurse proved their statements
to be true.
An orange : favored sample
tasted heavy. syrupy and toe
sweet. 1t was just plain sicken'
ing-and the prisoners al n
that after three months they
still aren't used to it. They've
had raspberry, peach, banana
orange and coffee favored.
AS one prisoner put it: Zone
swallow kills all your hunger
pangS."
The chronicle., 1963-12-19

cent each year of the four. It's
goal is a per capita annual in
come Of $3.50 by the end Of 1857
as compared with the present
per capita income of $500.
Some Specifics Known
Not all Of what the govern
ment plans to do has yet been
spelled out. The complete plan
will fill 80 large volumes, of
which only one has been pub
liShed so far. That one volume
gives general goals and project
ed amounts of investment in
various sectors of the economy.
Some specifics, however. are
known.
In the area of transportation
the government plans the repair
and construction Of $500 miles
Of roads, the renewal Of 1850
miles of railway track, the
building of 494 new railway To-
comotives and 20 light trains,
installation of 470 modern
The chronicle., 1963-12-19
Cambodiu Suffering No
Immediate III Symptoms

planning a rationing system on
gasoline.
Pays Military Salaries
The United States donates
more than $40 million In local
currency annually towards the
salaries of Cambodia's armed
forces.
The grant aid has In the past
paid more than 40 per cent of
the military's salaries and ac-
counted for more than 10 per
cent of the entire national bud
get.
To make up the loss Of this
sum, Sihanouk will have to in
crease the deficit in his budget
even beyond the present level
which is about 40 per cent
more expenditures than in
come.
Highway Endangered
The halting Of one program
will have long-range effects on
Cambodia's economy. That is
the year-round rehabilitation Of
the Khmer-American Friendship
Highway which links the rapid
ly expanding port Of Sihanouk-
vile and the interior.
One high American official
said that if the rehabilitation,
made necessary by faulty con-
struction and tropical monsoon
rains, stops, the highway which
now carries a majority Of Cam
bodia's commerce will crumble
away and become practically
unusable within months.
Cambodia's military forces al
so will deteriorate, observers
fear.
A major weak point of the
Cambodian military has been
the maintenance Of American
military hardware. Even with
American technical assistance,
more than rs per cent Of the
military vehicles are present
ly out Of service for repairs,
according to qualified military
sources.
Without American military
advisors, practically all the
military equipment is expected
to fall apart or go out of serv-
ice within a matter of weeks.
The chronicle., 1963-12-19
SHIPS SAILED PREVIOUS WEEK

cranes at ports, and the i'm
provement Of II airports. /.
1t plans to build an average
Of 10000 new housing units
each year, and to provide addi-
.tional hotel space for 81 million
tourists and visitors a year ian
estimated 10 million tourists
have come to Spain in 1851
More Schools Planned
In the educational field, four
new technical colleges and an
additional $1,000 classrooms or
primary education are planned.
In agriculture it is hoped to
The chronicle., 1963-12-19
By RAY HERNDON

PHNOM PENN, Cambodia -
CUPID - The suspension of
American economic and mill
tary aid Is expected TO have
little immediate impact on Cam
bodia's national economy. but
experts fear the economy will
begin to deteriorate within the
next few months.
There has been no serious
economic panic. The black mar
ket value of the Cambodian riel
has settled back to the normal
level it occupied before Prince
Norodom Sihanouk's somewhat
unexpected decision to demand
an immediate cessation of all
American military, economic,
cultural and technical assist
ance to his kingdom.
The decision is believed to
have resulted from pressure
by Cambodia's neighbor-Red
China.
American aid officials said
that some consumer goods be-
ing imported under the United
States commodity import pro-
gram will continue flowing into
the country, even though the
program technically has been
halted.
Qualified business sources
said that one Of the major prod
uctS which the United States
furnished under its aid program,
petroleum, will continue to come
into Cambodia for several
months. The United States re-
leased some So million for oil
imports only a few days before
Sihanouk demanded the aid
halt.
The Cambodian government,
however, already has begun