davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-02-08
LETTERS THE STAR.
What Solution to Problem Students?

because Of some eye-closing
in their school. And they used
force to keep the youngster
in school. for In some cases
there was sufficient provoca-
ton for expulsion. Now, DR..
Hansen tells US that he would
rather expel the child and
add him to the dropouts to
make q large force Of ig-
norant malcontents who
could disrupt the community
further.
No intelligent person likes
to use force as q solution In
handling a problem young
ster, for he knows that 1t
generally only breeds m ore
force; however, there are
times when force must be
used judiciously and immedi.
ately. Every teacher knows
how one student can disrupt
a class Of 40. He knows that
he has only three alterna-
tives In q case where the stu
dent openly defies the teach
er, and in some cases even
threatens bodily harm. He
can ignore him (try 10 ignore
q 6-footer who wants to
punch q 4-footer, or you);
he can send the student out o
class or to the principal
(the kids love this and the
principal hates it,; or he can
handle the problem In his
own room with force, II
necessary.
OF course, much Of the
present so called discipline
problem" could have been
solved by now, had the su-
perintendent recognized the
disparity in methods Of dis
cipline which existed in the
two school systems prior to
integration. Negro teachers
had used corporal punish
ment In their closed system,
and 1t was an accepted fact
among the students, teachers,
principals and parents,
though not o published one.
After integration, however,
since most white teachers did
not use force. youngsters
soon took advantage Of a new
situation. Those who for
merly had been controlled
were now able to act freely
because no teacher would lay
a hand on them - the white
teachers because this had not
been the practice In their
system. and the Negro teach
ers because they had to adopt
the white middle-class rules
Of their colleagues once the
schools were combined. What
followed was inevitable.
Since that time. teachers
have been caught in the mid
die. The supervisors won't
respect and uphold them
when they do use force. and
the students won't respect
them unless they do. It is
this dilemma and the lack Of
all-around respect for the
profession which Is forcing
many good teachers to leave
the system. More money Is
Evening star., 1963-02-08

PARIS.
The Western allies happily
are not the only ones to be
bennused, bothered and be-
wildered BY the obstreperous-
ness Of Charles de Gaulle.
The Russians seem to be
having at least as much
trouble trying to dig the
General as everyone else.
The first reaction from
Moscow after the mayhem in
Brussels was plainly one Of
satisfaction. That Britain had
been kept out Of the Euro
pean Common Market was,
from the Kremlin's point Of
view, Q fine and fortuitous
development.
The challenge to American
leadership Of the Western
Alliance laid down by Gen.
de Gaulle at his press con-
ference January IA also was
hailed in the Russian press
as proof Of the decline Of the
West under the weight Of its
own internal contradictions"
Added to this as O kind of
frosting on the cake were the
rumors Of O Franco-R Russian
agreement which have flooded
Europe since Brussels. Though
the Russians were in q better
position to know the truth
about these rumors than the
Western diplomats who en-
couraged them, they were
only too happy to fish in
troubled waters.
Thus, when the French gov
ernment issued . statement
saying that the Soviet am
baSsador had visited Gen. de
Gaulle on his own request
the Kremlin in Q highly un-
usual move issued Q commit
nique flatly contradicting
Gen. de Gaulle's official
spokesman. Childish as 1t
was the move was clearly
calculated to fan the suspi-
cions already rampant In
Europe.
Bad News for Soviet
In the meantime, however,
as in Washington and Lon
don, Q good deal Of serious
thought had been given to
the broader implications OF
Gen. de Gaulle's European
policies. And the upshot has
been that the Russians no
less than critics in the West
have come 10 the conclusion
that the Generals vision Of
Europe Is bad news for them.
It Ia not the first time
that the leaders Of the
Kremlin have discovered
that the French President Ia
hard to deal with.
Before the end Of World
War II. In December, 1914,
Gen. de Gaulle as the head
Of the Provisional French
Government went to Moscow
to sign q security pact with
Stain directed against Ger
many. For eight days with
terrible tenacity the Rus
sian tryant held up recogni-
ton Of the Communist gov
Evening star., 1963-02-08
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
Answer to What's Wrong With Us?'.
BY DONALD MINTZ

No. 1t arises from Cor An),
- genuinely meaningful re-,
lation between the spe-s
officially characterized indi.
vidual and the vast social orr
der Of metropolitan culture"
(The reader who asks how Q
specifically characterized In
dividual is different from o,
plain. old. ordinary individ-
ual is being rude and trou-
blesome.) \
BUT YOU CANNOT relate
to the whole of society the
way q peasant could to his
community. Industrial socie.
ty Is too vast and complex.
What then2 "(Commit-s :
ment) Is distinctly not :
merely reproducing in ones
personal experience the basic
forms Of social organization
found everywhere in the So
ciety. 1t Is. rather, the intel
LIBERALIZATION from ones own.
experience. abstractine and
re-ordering the data from
personal observation so that
different forms may be
grasped and understood. -"
What little part Of the book
is directly related to educa-
ton In effect asserts that
schools must produce the sort
Of minds that can perform
this rather difficult function.
One question Ia not an
swered: Is II possible TO find
ones place In society. ones
own identity, from "intellec-
tualization." the word, by the
way. being defined as an ss-'
sentially logical. quasi-scien-
tifie activity
Evening star., 1963-02-08
Mr.. Kennedy and the D. c.

Although all details Of the discus
sion are not known, the unprecedented
session which President Kennedy held
with congressional leaders on District
Of Columbia problems the other day
quite obviously accomplished several
gratifying and highly beneficial results.
First, Senator Bible and Representa-
tive Mcmillan, the chairmen respectively
Of the Senate and House District Com
mittees, promised to schedule prompt
hearings on the Presidents request for
legislation to authorize an equitable
formula" for the Federal payment, q
flexible authority for the city to borrow
money, and selective raise in local
taxes. In related decision, Representa-
tive hatcher and Senator Byrd of West
Virginia agreed to delay action by their
appropriation subcommittee on the
District budget until the revenue legis-
lation is settled.
This timing Is vital. Too often In
recent years the appropriation COM
mittees have been forced to determine
city expenditures without knowing how
much revenue would be available to
support them. Fiscally, the result has
been chaotic. And invariably the city
has been shortchanged. The current
sensible and orderly means Of handling
the budget in Congress.
For their part, the Commissioners
have properly ordered drafts Of the
legislation which will form the basis Of
portion of the possible tax boosts.
They were wise, however, to withhold
final decision on real-estate tax
increase until they learn how the re-
mainder Of the revenue program fares.
For local taxation alone can do little to
alleviate the present fiscal dilemma.
The urgent needs cited by the President
In the budget will be met only II Congress
also will grant . truly fair Federal
payment and an orderly program Of
loans.
Apart from finances, Mr.. hatcher
took the opportunity at the White House
conference to stress the need for both
freeways and rapid transit in WASH
ington, to warn the President, In short,
that killing off one system Thighwaysl
to build the other Is not the right ap-
proach." It most assuredly is not, and
Mr.. Watchers advice was timely in view
Of the recommendation which Mr..
Kennedy soon will make on local trans
portation expenditures. Similarly, SEN
ator Byrd made the valid point that the
solution to District financial problems
does not lie alone In higher appropria-
tions, but also In more efficient admin
istration and the reduction Of waste.
The most encouraging aspect Of the
conference. however, was its indication
that Mr.. Kennedy intends to follow up
the commendable interest In the Nations
Capital which he displayed by sending
Congress q special message on its needs.
His congressional visitors expressed the
hope that further meetings may be held
at critical periods later in the session.
We second that hope. There Is much
that his able assistant on Washington
affairs, Charles Horsky, can do. There is
no substitute, however, for the continued
personal interest Of the President.
Evening star., 1963-02-08
Answers to Questions
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

ns riss's e sns sa1 sus:sios s:s q q snIs i.ss
: ;I!I:!: S SS!:1$s;E$ ,!;?E $::P:;:: a;
ale or self addressed. stamped,
Evening star., 1963-02-08

Q. How often should fruit
trees be pruned?-A.T.
A. Pruning should be done
yearly. usually when the
trees are dormant. but some
pinching off may be done
during the growing season.
Pruning helps TO shape q tree
and 10 produce growth for
fruit. Cross branches and all
dead and diseased wood are
cut out. A good pruning Job
takes considerable knowledge
Of trees. 4.
Q. Does the pilot fish
actually pilot q ship7-C. II.
A. The pilot fish. Maui
crates ductor. follows rather
than guides ships. II Is prob
ably attracted TO ships by
scraps OF food thrown over
board. The ancient Greeks.
however. believed that the
pilot fish guided lost sailors
10 port and that the fish
Also guided whales. The pilot
fish lives In tropical and
warm temperate seas
throughout the world. II IA
marked with five broad dark
vertical bands and may reach
q length OF 2 feet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
Bloody and Bowed

OF the As witnesses who testified
the other day on the proposal to build
an interstate freeway along the Potomac
Palisades in Maryland, grand total of
three had anything good to say for the
route. We are amazed that the proposal
got so much support.
From the m m emit Montgomery
Palmer j. Newton Brewer dreamed it
up, this was an idiotic suggestion. Except
for the time wasted in connection with
the hearing, however, no great harm
has been done. For his part, Mr.. Brewer
has taken defeat with good grace, con-
ceding publicly that he is bloody and
bowed" No one, we are sure, is more
anxious than he is to forget the whole
episode.
Actually, it is altogether possible
that some good may come of it. For hav-
ing disposed of the Palisades once and
for all, Mr.. Brewer announced that the
county planning board now will proceed
to a reappraisal of other routes which
would serve the western part of Mont
gomery-Starting, very likely, with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13

suggestion to build the freeway from
BetheSd a to downtown Washington
along Oregon avenue, Just inside broad
western boundary of Rock Greek Park.
Mr.. Brewer should be forewarned
that he will stir up a hornets nest on
this one, too. The difference is, how
ever, that this time he will be right
The Rock Creek route was developed
as the most logical connection to In
terState Highway 70-S more than 10
years ago. 1t made great deal of sense
then, and it still does. 1t eventually was
Shelved solely as the result of political
preSSureS against any intrusion of Rock
Creek Park by highways, although its
actual impact was not great. No doubt
these same preSSureS will be exerted
again. If they again should prove sue
ceSsful, it will be necessary, of course,
to return to the more disruptive pro-
poSal for freeway in the Wisconsin
avenue corridor
But this possibility should not deter
vigorous reanalySiS of the Rock Creek
plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
Hawk Talk

These are good days for hawk
watching and If you haven't watched
any for while, make a note to note
them. You can see them anywhere in
town and in what remains of the coun-
try roundabout. But two places seem
especially fine. Over the Potomac and
over Rock Creek Park you're likely to
see whole flight of the poised birds,
hanging in air, slowly turning and skid
ding down the wind.
You know what they're doing there,
Of course. They're scanning the earth
for prey, such as mice, squirrels and
small birds. Or the corpSes thereof. But
ignore it If you find it distressing. Ma
ture made them that way
Another danger in watching
hereaboutS is the know-it-all who will
inform you that they are not hawks at
all, but turkey buzzards Ignore him,
too. BuzzardS are hawks.
These perilS past, go gawk at hawks.
There's more to the Potomac than rocks
and water. Above Key Bridge, between
the bluffs on either side, there is a
whole enclosed, inverted mountain of
air and space, normally invisible Hawks
in flight measure that space and you
can see the air.
The birds themselves are incompa-
rable. No air machine of ours is re-
motely in their class of beautiful flight.
The latest jet is vulgar, puShy, essen
TALLY earth-bound contraption along
side that poised power in the air hang
ing there, taking the sun, working the
wind with but the slightest movement
of wing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
Opening to the Center?

Nikita KhruShchev, verging on 70,
seems to be bidding for what our politi-
clans might call an opening to the
center-a move away from cold war,
from the threat of hot war, and from the
great accompanying demands which
these impose on heavy industry and the
Soviet war machine.
Mr.. KhruSchev'S speech to his Cen
trail Committee had to do primarily with
economic prioritieS. But the underlying
theme, we think, was that turn in the
road has been reached; that the Strug-
gle for decisive military advantage has
ended in Stalemate. Thus the preponder-
ant emphasis on heavy industry has
reached the point of diminishing re-
turns, and henceforth the Kremlin must
pay great deal more attention to feed
ing, clothing and otherwise looking to
the material needs of the Russian
people.
If this is the case, it conforms to
what has seemed to us to be the trend
in recent years. Except for political
ideology-and this is not the stuff from
which eternity is compounded-there
is no reason why the United States and
Russia should be at one another's
threats until doomsday. A short two
decades ago most of us were ready to de-
Stroy Japan and Germany. Who is
rash enough to predict what another
two decades will bring?
If there is validity to the aSSump-
ton, however, that the Soviet Union is
not now serious military threat to
the United States, it certainly does not
follow that we can sit back and rest.
Mr.. Khrushchev is talking in terms of
more food and more consumer goods
for Russians. These things are running
out OF our ears in the United States.
We do not quite know what to do with
them-except that gradually we realize
we are pricing ourselves out of the world
market.
Mr.. Khrushchev will not price him
self or his country out of this market.
And if one looks back, just for a mo-
ment, on the truly remarkable achieve
mentS of Russia since the revolution, or
even since World War II, in terms of
heavy industry, weapons and space, it
would be a mistake to underestimate
the capability of the Soviet Union, if
it makes the effort, to produce food and
other consumer goods.
Mr.. KhruShchev said a few months
ago that the Soviet Union would bury
u.s." When this was taken as a military
threat, he explained that he was speak
ing in terms of what he calls peaceful
competition"
This could very we'll be what he has
in mind today. We should welcome such
competition. But we must not lose
sight of the fact that our system still
will be in fight for survival.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
Immigration Bars

On November Is the ALL
CLIO was informed that "un-
employment is the country's
number one issue"
This assertion is inconSiSt-
ent with previous public
statements of the admins
tration urging amendments
to the immigration Act in
creaSing the number of i'm
migrants legally authorized
to enter the country.
If unemployment is the
problem visualized by the
administration it is inconsist-
ent to advocate the admis-
sion Of additional immi-
grants. 1t would be more ap-
propriate to recommend that
all immigration be diScontin-
ued until the number one"
issue is solved.
Increasing development of
automation will tend to in
crease unemployment, there
fore Americas altruistic con-
Germ for the surplus popula-
ton of other nations should
be subordinated to conSidera-
ton for the unemployed 6
per cent Of the country's to-
tai working force of 70 mil
lion.
J. C. Russell,
San Francisco.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
If Your Honors Please

David c. Acheson has not asked us
to represent him in the case of Acheson
VS.. four judges of the District Court
who are eligible to retire and who, if
nudged enough, might do so.
It is good that we have not been
asked to serve as counsel for Mr.. Ache
son, who happens to be the United States
Attorney. For our Sympathies are not
entirely with him. He ought to know
that, once the foot has been placed in
the mouth, there is not a great deal that
counsel, especially editorial counsel, can
do for a client.
Still, and without benefit of re-
tainer, we feel impelled to say word
in Mr.. AcheSon'S behalf In his re-
marks at Georgetown Law School he did
not name names. He did not say it
would be good thing if Judges Pine,
Holtzoff, Keech and Mclaughlin were to
retire-and still continue, in their re-
tirement, to carry full work load. Nor
did he state in so many words that the
courts job would be eaSed if the four
possible retireeS, their requirements,
and the other judges now sitting would
really get down to work
In our role of volunteer counsel,
we throw ourselves upon the mercy of
the court. May it please your honorS,
meaning Judges Pine, Holtzoff, Keech
and Mclaughlin, to remember that the
quality of mercy is not strand, that
it droppeth as the gentle rain from
heaven-even upon David c. Acheson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13

has been strongly aided in
recent years by government
power. But nevertheless, the
fact remains that a union is
a private organization.
1t is a great wrong to force
a man to pay tribute to any
private organization in order
to work at his trade. Are the
unions so weak that they
must have power to force
unwilling workers to join? I
would not like to be a men,
Der of any private outfit that
was unable to get people to
join voluntarily.
The power to grab money
from unwilling victims leads
to corruption. If a union
must sell itself to workers. it
will be much more likely to
find out what is desired by
the membership, and act
accordingly.
III. Paul Murray.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
OF Course HHurts

Let's strike off a medal of some
kind for LouiSiana'S Congressman
Hebert. For he is truly a man of dis
tinction.
The walls of anguish we're rising
from Capitol Hill after Defense Sec
rotary Mcnamara had announced that
80 military establishments will be closed
or cut back Mr.. Hebert, whose district
will lose two installations, was heard
to say: I've been preaching economy
for all these years and I'm not going
to start screaming now just because
they shut down something in my back
yard" Compare this with New York'S
Congressman Stratton, who threatens
to turn the Pentagon upside down
before accepting cloSingS in his State.
That Congressman should protest
comes, of course, as no surprise. For
one thing, it is almost an automatic re-
action with most Of them. For another,
they probably feel that for political
reasons they have to proteSt-at least
for the record. But none of this should
be permitted to stop or even slow down
the project upon which Mr. Mcnamara
has embarked. Nor will it-aSSuming
that he has the unwavering support of
President Johnson. There is every in
dication that he has.
Actually, Mr. Mcnamara is trying
to make this as painless as possible
The program will be spread over 3l2
years. About $500 civilian jobs will
be eliminated. (There will also be a
reduction of about 1900 in military
personnel) Mr.. Mcnamara has given
assurance, however, that every civilian
employe whose job is eliminated will
be Offered another job opportunity
And the Government will refrain him
and pay his costs of moving to it. Of
course in spots this retrenchment still
will hurt. But the services themselves
say that these installations are not
needed and can be eliminated or cut
back without impairment of national
security. Thus, unless we are to main
tain bases indefinitely as a kind of
military boondoggle, they must be done
away with.
In fact, there is nothing new about
what Mr.. Mcnamara is doing. Accord
ing to the Pentagon, more than 400
installations have been closed or re-
duced since March, 1861. And Mr.. Nc
Namara has made it clear that he plans
still more cutbackS in the future.
To the taxpayers this will mean
an annual saving by June 80, 1855 of
SAP million, an end we'll worth striv-
ing for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. How much do the met
eorS and meteoric dust strik-
ing the earth each day
weigh? s. o.
A. Estimates Of weight
range from Is tons to one
million tons a day. Scientists
explain that the differences
in estimates of weight are
due to such factors as uncer-
tainties in densitieS of meteo-
ric material, inadequate ex-
perimental techniques, too
few observations, and incom-
plete theoretical bases for in
terpreting observations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-13
Federal Poy Views

A recent letter from John
w. Macy, jr., chairman,
United States Civil Service
Commission defended the
concept Of compatibility
between Government and
private industry pay scales"
Mr.. Macy states: ". pay
increases (for Government
workers. are warranted all
along the line. :"
On February 2. 1858 this
same Civil Service Commiss-
sion released a report pre-
pared for the House Civil
Service Committee which
set out to show how much a
Government worker would
have to earn in private
enterprise to equal the sal
ary-plus-protection" of his
Federal job.
THE result is rather dra-
matte" the report said. 1T
shows that the individual
must receive a gross income
the value of which will be
nearly double his gross Gov
eminent salary"
Possibly Mr.. Macy could
most effectively demonstrate
his advocacy of this some
what older concept of COM
parability" and also support
of President Johnson's re-
quest for economy by taking
a voluntary pay cut. If this
would conveivably lead to
Government-w realign-
ment of pay scales, 1t would
surely immortalize Mr.. Macy.
Thomas H. Burrowes.