davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Tshombe Off
To KoIWezi

ELISABETHVILLE, Katanga,
Jan. 19 (AP) President Noise
Tshombe flew back today to
Kolwezi to order his white and
Katangan troops to lay down
their arms before United Ma
tions forces move into town
Monday.
Mr.. Tshombe had been con-
ferring with U. N. officials in
Elisabethville since last Thurs
day on details for the surrender
of Kolwezi. his last stronghold,
as a step toward Katanga's re-
union with the Congo.
Unofficial sources said white
men of the Tshombe armed
forces had already begun re.
moving demolition charges
from mining and power plants
in the area of Kolwezi. so
miles northwest of Elisabeth
vile. The mines were planted
when the provincial regime was
considering fighting on with
scorched-earth warfare.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Greek Teachers
Strike for Raise

ATHENS, Jan. 19 (AP) -
More than l0,500 high school
and elementary school teach
ers throughout Greece went on
strike today for higher salaries.
High school teachers want an
increase of 1000 drachmae
about $33 monthly In their
basic salaries. Elementary
school teachers want a TOO
drachmae tS23) increase.
The teachers federation said
10000 more elementary school
instructors would join the
strike by next Tuesday.
High school teachers receive
an average of Silt a month.
Elementary school teachers av-
erage 500.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
BROWN
CENTO and SEATO Doomed?

than Portugal "a NATO mem
ber) received from her allies
when India attacked and took
Goa. Hence, Pakistan sees no
advantage to remain in the
moribund CENTO and is
making its own arrangements
with the Communist Chinese.
1t seems convinced that it
can receive more assistance
from its present allies who
continue to be hypnotized
by Mr.. Nehru's rhetoric.
The detection of Pakistan
which is regarded now as in
evitable unquestionably will
affect the SEATO-the
Southeast Asia organization
of which Pakistan is an i'm
portant member. From the
military point of view the
SEATO could not exist with
out the power of the United
States which could be backed,
in case of need, by the Pakis-
tani ground forces. Militarily,
its other members are Just
silent, ineffective members.
The two best striking forces
in East Asia. the armed forces
of South Korea and Ma
tionalist China are not avail
able, For political reasons,
these two countries have not
been permitted to join the
anti-Communist organization
The Geneva agreements on
Laos made the first impor-
tant breach in SEATO be-
cause it indicated our willing
ness to compromise with the
powers against whom SEATO
was created. The disen-
chanted Pakistanis are now
looking in the direction of
their former enemy, the Com
munists, for their security;
and by this action they will
in fact sound the death knell
of both Asian coalitions.
But" said a visiting Pakis-
tani official, America has
become now so strong and so
sure of herself that she no
longer needs the friendship of
little people like ourselves"
Evening star., 1963-01-19

Italian Prime Minister Am
intore Fanfani's talks with
President Kennedy and other
United States officials may re-
suit in removal from Italy of
80 Jupiter intermediate-range
ballistic missiles.
The nuclear striking power
they represent may be replaced
by the much more modern and
less vulnerable United States
Polaris missiles when the Unit
ed States starts operating Po-
laris submarines in the Medi-
terranean.
Mr.. Kennedy and Mr.. Fan
FAM in talks this week agreed
1t is necessary to "modernize
both the nuclear and conven-
tional weapons and forces"
which Italy and the Unit d
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Pokistoni Visitors to Switzerland
Predict Alliances Will Break Up

such a decisive role in over
throwing Syngman Rhee in
Korea and Menderes in Tur-
key.
Britain, the only Western
member of the alliance has
lost luster as her prestige has
been so badly damaged in the
last few months.
Pakistan, the most effec-
tive member of the coalition,
is bitterly disappointed in her
Western allies. That country
has the only strong army east
OF the Euphrates. 1t Joined
the coalition despite our
marked favoritism to India,
which is considered by the
Pakistanis as their worst en-
emy. So long as we provided
neutralist India with eco
nomic assistance only, the
Pakistanis did not worry too
much. But since the Indian
Chinese misunderstanding"
we rushed more military as
siStance to the Indians in a
few months than we have
given the Pakistanis in a
couple of years.
The adamant attitude of
Prime Minister Nehru on
Kashmir-one of the princi-
pal bones Of contention be-.
tween the two neighbors-has
increased considerably the
concern of President Ayub
and his people. They object
strenuously to America and
Britain giving the Indians
substantial military assist
ance without Washington
having first insisted that New
Dalhi settle the Pakistan-In-
dian quarrel.
The Rawalpindi govern
ment is convinced that after
the Chinese Indian border
war is settled, India will use
her new equipment in threat
ening the Pakistanis again.
And Pakistan expects no
more help from Washington
Evening star., 1963-01-19

ZURICH, Switzerland.-In
this snow-blanketed city the
visiting Pakistanis in search
OF economic deals feel freer
to express themselves to
newspapermen than in their
own country. They believe
that CENTO and SEATO, two
defense systems devised by
the late Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles, are
doomed to an early and un-
spectacular death.
That prediction is made be-
cause the two organizations
no longer correspond to ac-
tual political realities. The
present friction seems to ex-
ist more in the ranks of the
enemies of international COM
munism than with the enemy,
itself.
CENTO no longer repre-
sents power. Iraq has aban-
doned it since Gen. Kassem
has Joined the neutral ranks.
Turkey is rendered powerless
because Of the continuous
economic and political crises.
Many of her senior officers
are more interested in domes-
tic power politics than in mil
itary matters. Turkeys eco
nomic crisis is far worse than
in the days of the late Pre-
mier Adnan Menderes.
Conditions in Iran, another
CENTO member, are not
much better despite the gen.
uine efforts of the Shah to
improve the lot of his people.
At long last, Shah Reza Mo-
manned Pahlevi has given
his people honest govern
ment. But the Russians, with
an eye to Trans oilfields. are
keeping the country in a po-
litical turmoil. The Moscow
supported Tudeh Party has
taken roots among the stu
dents and intelligentsia the
two elements which played
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Equality Ruling, Decades Old, Is Viewed
By Some as a Recent Innovation

West there are more sophis-
ticated methods than in the
South. But 1t is in the latter
region that the feeling is most
often encountered that giving
the Negro citizen the same
rights no more and no
less - as those held by all
other citizens is something
new, something unjustly
pushed down their throats.
Actually, nothing could be
more wide of the facts.
Atlanta's city council re-
Gently violated the adage that
one should never make a pol
itical error that can be pho
tographed, and adopted a
resolution that enabled city
employees to build a street
barrier seeking to prevent
Negro purchases in a white
area. 1t was a futile move,
muchly photographed. 1t is
not merely ineffective, but
productive of more de-
termined moves to assert the
free enterprise rights to buy
what is offered for sale. At
lanta's wooden barrier was a
curious manifestation of hu-
man folly and error. The Chi
nese once labored for decades
to build a wall to keep out
invaders. France built the
Maginot line to restrict the
Germans. The Communists
built the Berlin wall. The
Atlantans who erected the
wooden screen have done
themselves, their city and
their country a great deal of
harm. Such walls are self
defeating. They cannot in any
sense serve as we'll as COM
mon sense and integrity.
The further irony of the
barrier is that 1t was an At
tlanta case. still the law of
the State of Georgia, which
determined the issue almost
half-a-century ago.
In 1918, in the case of
Glover VS.. the City Of At
tanta, the Supreme Court of
Georgia, by unanimous deci-
sion, held unconstitutional a
Evening star., 1963-01-19

mittee In 1855 whether he was
ever a member OF the Commu-
mist Party or whether he ever
had conversations with a GER
tain suspected Communist.
He previously was convicted
OF the charges. but the Supreme
Court last year reversed the
conviction on the grounds that
the indictment had been faulty.
The high courts decision also
affected seven other contempt
convictions.
The cases are TO be retired
here over the next two months.
On the original conviction.
Mr.. Shelton was sentenced TO
serve six months In Jail and
pay a $500 fine.
He has consistently affirmed 4
his loyalty 10 the United States
but has refused TO answer the
subcommittee's questions on
constitutional - First Amend
ment - grounds.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Neeotiotors Wait
City Court Action
In Transit Strike

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. Is
tAP) - Union and manage
ment negotiators resume null.
ing over proposals to end the
5-day-old transit strike today
under what both sides regard
as the cloud of a city court
action.
Talks in the strike that ha,
left the Nations fourth largesr
city without trolleys, buses o.
subways since Tuesday. brok,
off abruptly yesterday whel
negotiators learned of the cit,
action.
Acting in the name of Mayor
James H. J. Tate and two city
councilmen-all three Pic di-
rectorS-a deputy city solicitor
filed suit to place the Phila-
delphia Transportation Co. in
receivership. The city owns
much of the PIC equipment.
The suit said the receiver
could sign a temporary agree
ment with the Transport Work
ers Union, thus getting some
$500 TWU workers back on the
job while negotiations continue.
Talks which had just begun
when the action vas announced
broke up with PIC President
Robert Stier saying he wasn't
sure whether he or the receiver
should bargain for the COM
pany.
Mr.. Stier later agreed to so
back to the bargaining table
today, end the union, mean
while. fired off a telegram to
Tate urging him to at
tend negotiations, too.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Union toVote
OnNeWOffer
OfBoeineCo.
BY the Associated Press

The Federal Mediation Serv-
ice says union employees of the
Boeing Co. will vote Wednesday
on the company's latest con-
tract offer.
William E. Simkin, director
of the service, said yesterday
the International Association
Of Machinists has postponed q
threatened strike against thu
company until after the ballot.
ing.
A walkout had been threat
ened for last midnight in the
6-month-old dispute. The chief
issue involved is the IAM's de-
mand for a union shop, under
which all workers would be re-
quired to join the union.
Boeing, major missile-plane
producer, employees about AZ.
persons. Its principal plants
are at Seattle, Wash, and
Wichita, Kans.
P. L. (Roy) Siemiller Of
Chicago, machinists union vice
president, said the company had
refused a union offer to submit
all unresolved issues to binding
A Boeing spokesman, Lowell
P Michelwait, said the vote to
be taken Wednesday was un-
fair in that it would be only
a poll of the unions members
and would not include non
union workers.
He said the vote would be
on the company offer of a
wage increase of % to 80 cents
an hour over the proposed
three-year contract term, plus
a cost-of living adjustment an
nually and several other issues.
Evening star., 1963-01-19

threaten parts Of the West
Coast.
Ahead are negotiations in the
electric, shipbuilding and rub
Der industries. Steel labor con-
tracts could be reopened in
coming weeks.
The shift in emphasis in col
lective bargaining issues, Mr..
Simkin said, has made negotia-
tions increasingly a two-way
street.
Competition Shsrpened
Management comes TO the
table with serious demands Of
its own" he said. Manage
ment seeks 10 increase effici-
ency and to reduce unit pro-
duction costs. Competition
within most industries has
sharpened; many plants are
operating below full-capacity
levels; tand there's the impact
OF ever increasing foreign COM
petition"
On labor'S side. Mr.. Simkin
saw increased emphasis on
working conditions and guaran-
tees, such as supplementary
unemployment benefits. or 9TH
er guarantees OF wages or
hours" and severance pay and
early retirement, and Job clas-
sifications.
THE bulk OF the trade union
movement has gone on record
IN favor Of the shorter work.
week." Mr. Simkin noted. IAN
adamant stand on this issue In
collective bargaining would, in
my opinion, set the stage for
an all-out fight"
While productivity and auto
nation rarely are direct issues.
the Federal negotiator saw their
effects as stimulating and cre-
ating the closely related uirect
issues.
Evening star., 1963-01-19

"Ne 'NbPbNAAoNN w AAlN uNANilbt
Subpoenaing a Senator, how
ever, is more complicated than
subpoenaing an ordinary citizen
because a Senator is not COM
PEELED to accept the court sum-
mons, And even II he chooses
to do so, II appears he must
ask the Senate's permission.
Agreement Reported
Yesterday. Senator Eastland
repeatedly agreed TO accept the
request that he come TO District
Court TO answer questions Of
Mr.. Sheltons lawyer. Joseph l..
Rauh, jr.
A United States Deputy Mar
shal said he delivered the
papers, as instructed, TO the
Senate Sergeant at Arms. who
in turn was TO pass them on TO
Senator Eastland. The Senator
was then supposed TO ask his
colleagues for permission TO
leave the Senate to testify.
Somewhere along the line
something went wrong. Judge
Leonard p Walsh recessed the
trial at noon TO await the Sena-
tors arrival AT 5 o'clock, after
no word from Capitol Hill, the
Judge adjourned the trial until.
10 am. Monday.
Mr. Shelton, 35, faces two
counts Of contempt for declin-
ing TO tell the Senate subcom-
Evening star., 1963-01-19
RALPH McGILL

This finally will get around
to a unanimous decision OF
As years ago by the Supreme
Court of Georgia outlawing
discrimination in housing
But first a preamble:
Southerners, for so long
wrapped in the protective lay
ers of myth and custom,
often appear to believe that
the Federal Constitution and
amendments thereto are
something brand new, per-
haps some sinister offshoot
of radicalism, even commu-
nism.
This was the reaction after
the school decision of 1854
banning discrimination in
education. 1t repeatedly is
asserted In the many weirdly
written, semi-literate, pamph-
lets and smudged, mimeog-
raphed sheets which find
their way into the mails. "The
Socialist court" the Commu-
mist race mixers" and SINH
lar phrases are the chief stock
OF those who peddle such
idiosies. The feeling obviously
is that court rulings to the
effect that all citizens have
equal rights are something
brand new, born of the times.
Nowhere is this feeling
more evident than in hous-
ing disputes. The problem is
the more exacerbated by the
crowding of cities, the seri-
GUS lack of moderate and low
priced housing, and, paradox
ically, by the rising income
Of some groups, Negro and
white. Higher incomes permit
moving from low income
housing to that of the med
ium or low = upper income
ranges. A recent presidential
order, quite proper, and sure
to have been directed by the
courts had not the White
House acted. ruled out dis
elimination in housing built
with Government loans.
1t should be said that dis
elimination everywhere is
practiced. In the East and
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Fonfoni oIks Believed
On Missile Removal

States contribute to the NATO
alliance.
There was no official ac-
acknowledgement that the removal
OF Jupiters had been discussed,
but it was clearly indicated this
matter was involved.
The Fanfani government has
been under strong pressure
from left-wing Italian parties
for some time to remove the
American-made missiles.
The Jupiters, l,50O-mile-
range weapons, were among the
earliest rockets to reach COM
bat readiness. They are en-
placed on above-ground bases
which are considered highly
vulnerable to a nuclear knock
cut blow.
The United States, whic h
now has nine Polaris subs with
the fleet in the Atlantic, is ex-
pected to send missile firing
submarines into the Mediter-
ranean as that fleet grows.
These subs probably would be
based at the big United States
installation at Rota, Spain.
In addition to the 80 Jupi-
terS in Italy, there are is in
Turkey.
Sixty Thor missiles, also L.
500-mile-range weapons, are in
the United Kingdom. The tar
gets assigned to these weapons
have been taken over by other
elements of the free worlds
strategic striking force, chiefly
United States Polaris subma-
rines on patrol within range of
Russia.
Mr.. Fanfani flew to New
York today after a one-day
visit to Chicago. He flew to
Chicago yesterday after two
days of talks with President
Kennedy in Washington.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
BY FRED s. HOFFMAN
Associated Press Staff Writer

Hesitant leadership by South
Wet Namese field officers and
lack Of aggressiveness by South
Wet Namese GIs may prolong
the war to crush Communist
guerrillas threatening that
country's independence.
This assessment emerges
from talks with United States
military officials involved in
the massive American effort To
help the pro Western govern
ment In Saigon.
In the last year. the United
States has fed money, military
advisers and modern equipment
into South Wet Nam and has
made significant progress In
improving the firepower. mobil-
ity, communications and plan
ming Of It's armed forces.
Seek Stronger Leadership
At the same time, United
States experts have been trying
TO shape strong South Wet
Namese military leadership
from the top command to the
squad level.
Results so far have been dis
appointing, particularly at the
field echelon.
There is a feeling among
some United States military
authorities, who were inter-
viewed here and declined TO be
identified, that poor leadership
could be the Achilles heel Of the
South Wet Namese effort TO
wipe out the persistent and re-
sourceful Communist Wet Cong
American experts are hopeful
this situation will improve with
time and experience, but It may
take years.
The top United States COM
In south Wet Nam,
Gen. Paul d. Harkins, took
note OF criticism voiced by un-
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Hesitant Leadership p Feared
ProIonging War in Wet Nam

identified American military
advisers and issued a statement
recently in Saigon saying:
Il believe that anyone who
criticizes the fighting qualities
of the armed forces Of the Re-
public Of Wet Nam is doing a
disservice to the thousands of
gallant and courageous men
who are fighting in the defense
Of their country"
Cites 1-3 Casualties
Gen. Harkins said about TO-
900 South Wet Namese soldiers
have been killed in action in
the last year and that almost
10000 dead Wet Cong insur-
gents attest to their courage"
United States advisers can
only go so far they are barred
from issuing any commands In
battle. There is little likelihood
that this will change.
South Wet Mans President
Ngo Dinh Diem insists on hold
ing a tight rein on his military
forces. And even II he should
consent TO allowing United
States officers command au-
thority, there is the strong pos
sibilty the Communists would
seize on this TO picture South
Wet Nam as a complete puppet
Of the United States.
Samples Of Timidity
The setback suffered by the
South Wet Namese forces in the
Mekong River delta early this
provided a number OF
examples Of timid native lead
ership.
Some instances, as reflected
In reports coming TO the Penta-
gon:
! A battalion OF the civil
guard lost its commander TO
Communist gunfire. No other
officer would take command,
and the battalion milled about
aimelssly.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Tough Year Predicted
InCoIIective Bargaining

NEW YORK, Jan. 10 CAP).-
The head of the Nations me-
diation service predicts a po-
tentially tough year ahead for
labor management collective
bargaining. The reason: Chang
ing demands on both sides.
There is no question but
that there is a definite shift
In emphasis in collective bar
gaining issues" says William
e. Simkin. director Of the Fed
eral Mediation and Concilia-
ton Service. Il believe this
shift will become more pro-
nounced."
Mr.. Simkin stated his views
In an interview in the current
issue Of Iron Age, the metal
working trade magazine.
He said labor's demands have
shifted away from wage issues
toward job security, while man
agement now is demanding
flexibility, efficiency and econ
omy.
Causes Are Listed
Mr.. Simkin attributed the
changing emphasis TO "the ef-
fects Of unemployment, tech
nological changes and increased
competition. both foreign aud
domestic" "
More than 100000 contracts
will be signed IN 1868. which
Mr.. Simkin characterizes as a
potentially difficult year be-
cause Of the times in which we
live
Already the year is proving
a tough one, A shipping strike
has tied up ports on the At
lantic and Gulf Coasts. News
paper strikes have 80 far detied
mediation IN New York and
Cleveland. A transit strike has
hit Philadelphia hard. Defense
and missile work stoppages
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Boston Women Joins
Library of Congress
BY the Associated Press

The Library of Congress an
nounced today the appointment
of Virginia Haviland, Boston
librarian, as head of a newly
created children's book section
at the Library.
Miss Haviland has beer
granted a leave of absence
from the Boston Public Library
to take the post. She has beer
with the Boston library since
1884, a year after graduation
from Cornell University.
Evening star., 1963-01-19
BY the Associated Press

Justice Department suits
seeking racial integration OF
schools attended by Federal
employees children in three
Southern states have met
strong resistance from Ala
bama Gov. George Wallace.
Gov. Wallace called the suits
a prime example of the Fed
eral government taking hard
earned money from the pocket
books of AlabamianS and
threatening them" with a loss
of Federal funds.
He called upon Alabama's
Senators and congressman ito
resist this new assault" with
every legislative weapon they
have, and he asked the people
of the State to oppose the suits
he said would destroy their
Southern traditions and GUS
toms.
Four separate suits were filed
yesterday in United States
District Courts in Alabama,
Mississippi and Louisiana. The
suits contend segregation of
children of servicemen and
other Federal workers in four
federally impacted counties vio-
lateS the 14th Amendment to
the Constitution and harms
the morale of Servicemen and
civilian workers.
Other Suits Held Up
Similar suits we're held UP
in three Georgia counties be-
cause the Justice Department
said the possibility remained
of reaching an agreement on a
local level. The Georgia cities
involved are Columbus, Savan-
nah and Albany, each the site
of a major military installa-
tion.
The four suits were filed at:
Birmingham, Ala.-Involving
Redstone Arsenal in Madison
County which employs 1870
servicemen and women and
10000 civilians.
Mobile, Ala.-Brookley Air
Force Base in Mobile County
where there are 987 military
personnel and 15,441 civilian
employees.
Jackson, Miss. - Keesler Air
Force Base in Harrison County
which has about 25,225 mill
tary personnel and $3.50 civil
fans.
Shreveport, La. - Barksdale
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Acc Fund to College

NORFOLK, Jan. 10 CAP). -
The Atomic Energy Commission
has awarded an Sll,650 grant TO
Old Dominion Colleges biology
department TO buy radiobiolog-
ical equipment.