davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27

Robert Dilks, IN O recent
letter, declares that James
Madison was outspokenly
against the Government
chaplain system" and cites q
portion Of Madison's De
tached Memoranda" to sup
port mis- contention.
Although Madison's De
tached Memoranda" contain
some interesting passages
concerning the First Amend
ment 1t Is q bit difficult to
determine the weight 70 be
accorded these passages. The
Memoranda" were written
some time between 1917 and
1892 and, according to Eliza
beth Fleet The William and
Mary Quarterly, Ord Ser, III,
Oct, 1916, PIP. 5S4-56S), were
hastily jotted down TO
be corrected, expanded, and
completed later" The tenta-
tive nature Of this document
is indicated by the numerous
misspellings and abbrevia-
tons found In 1t.
In the Memoranda" Madi-
son wrote that the congress
sional chaplain system vio-
lates the Constitution. He
does this with no indication
that 1t represents a complete
change OF mind on his part.
He took the opposite position
In 1889 when he was a men,
Der OF the Joint congress
sional com mittee which
planned and initiated the
chaplain system. During
Madison's administrations
public funds we're used 10
support chaplains In Con-
eress and the armed forces,
and for religious work on
Indian reservations. with no
word OF objection or protest
on his part.
A careful study OF the
Memoranda indicates that
Madison's later doubts as TO
the constitutionality OF the
chaplain system rested not
upon the fact that Govern
ment support was given 10
religion but were based on
the idea that the election OF
chaplains by q majority in
the Houses OF Congress vio-
lated the principle Of equality
among the various religions.
Madison was concerned
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
Crimes of the Road

In all probability, there never will
be a monument raised to Henry Car
ruthers Yates. But there should be. It
was Mr.. Yates who gained a small
measure of fame when, at the age Of SO,
he voluntarily surrendered his District
drivers permit in the interest of safety.
AS might be expected, Mr.. Yates
had at all times been careful and con-
Siderate in his driving, and had done his
part toward reducing the hazards Of
"RuShin' Roulette" the grim title The
Travellers Insurance Companies gives
to the risks of the road.
Had there been more like Mr.. Yates,
there would be little reason to publish
annual statistics on the mass murder
and suicide of the highways. For it is
a fact that nearly nine out of every 10
casualties last year were caused by
human error and lack Of judgment,
with speeding the No. killer.
To put 1t Succinctly, of the 40,500
persons who lost their lives in accidents
last year, $4,000 were sacrificed to heed
less, careless, law-breaking driving, for
which there can be no excuse and
seldom any forgiveness.
How often must these dreadful,
figures be repeated before it begins to
sink into each drivers head that she
or he is just as responsible as the next
person for preventing these crimes Of
the road? Until that day dawnS, the
massacre will go on undated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
Lest We Be Second

In customary fashion, and most
probably with tongue in cheek, Nikita
KhruShchev has once again blamed the
United States for all the tensions that
trouble the world. His remarks in that
respect have ranged the gamut Of every
thing. But what is particularly interest
ing is his charge that we and the British
are doing whatever is possible to wreck
the effort to put an end to nuclear
testing.
Anyhow, as the Soviet Premier has
explained things in his windy interview
with the Italian newspaper II Giorno, the
world would be at ease today II only
we Americans, along with our cousins
in the United Kingdom, would stop being
angry and suspicious. That is to say,
a test-ban treaty could be worked out
in matter Of minutes If Washington
and London would Just take the Krem-
Inns word that there would be no Rus
sian cheating. All Of which is nonsense,
Of course, as Mr.. Khrushchev himself
undoubtedly knows. His position, in fact,
makes 1t clear that test ban is one
Of the most unlikely possibilities OF the
immediate future. He doesn't want one,
quite obviously-at least not one that
could be effectively policed.
Presumably the men OF the Kremlin
still wish to carry out detonations Of a
sort that could lead to the anti-miSsile
missile and the so-called neutron bomb
Certainly, in the absence Of foolproof
ban on testing, the leaders of our own
country should feel the same way, with
sense Of urgency, with driving de-
termination TO be first In the field lest
we be second best and thus placed at
perilous disadvantage in the world power
balance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
Quarantine on Cuba

AS Tar as he went, Senate Majority
Leader Mansfield was on the right track
when he called upon the Organization
Of American States to consider the pos
sibility OF a hemisphere quarantine
against Cuba"
Perhaps Senator Mansfield did not
wish to put himself in the position OF
telling our Latin American friends how
to run their business Otherwise, he
might have rephrased his statement to
read: THE time is past due for the GAS
to join the United States in economic
sanctions against Fidel Castro's Cuba"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
A Gift to Free State

1t Is welcome news that
House District Committee
Chairman Mcmillan has
agreed to hold hearings on
the several home rule pro-
poSals before that committee
during this session Of Con-
gress. One measure to be con-
sidered is my H. r. 1854 to
retrocede a portion Of the
District to Maryland. Under
my bill most, but not all Of
the original portion belong
ing to Maryland would 90
back to that State. 80
From the time Of the To-
cation Of the seat Of Gov
eminent In the District, pro-
posals for retrocession for
the purpose Of restoring the
franchise to its citizens have
been heard and have been
considered by committees Of
Congress. The particular pro-
posal which led to the re-
PROCESSION Of the Virginia
portion Of the District was
submitted by a committee Of
the town of Alexandra to the
House Of Representatives in
1846. The reasons advanced
for retrocession are of par
ticular importance to our own
lives and times. Proponents
of retrocession contended
that:
/. The lack Of self-govern-
ment in the area in ques-
ton was bad government
and time would aggravate
rather than improve the sit
uation.
2. The denial of franchise
rights in this 10 mile square
area was inconsistent with
the increase Of it elsewhere.
3. The lack Of franchise
deprived the people of polit-
ical rights and privileges dear
to American citizens, and in
spite of a wise and moder-
ate exercise Of exclusive jur-
isdiction such circumstances
would and should certainly
excite the sympathy Of ev-
cry member Of Congress.
Despite the precedent OF
the retrocession Of the Vir-
ginia portion to Virginia, and
the support which that pro-
posal had In Congress, most
home rule bills now before
the House District Commit
tee would provide a kind OF
self government akin to a
secondary school student
council going through the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
An Amish Lesson

Again Amish fathers are
being sent to jail for send
ing their children to Amish
schools which are considered
inferior.
These Amish people have
no unemployment, no debts,
no poverty, and no juvenile
delinquency.
II only Washington could
learn the lessons these Amish
teachers teachl X. ID. Vass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
Obvious Conclusion?

Your April 20 edition re-
ported the answer Of the
President to questions before
the American Society Of
Newspaper Editors, in part
as follows:
&c. Quite obviously, no.
body in the United States
Government ever informed
anyone in the Government
Of outside the Government,
DR.. Miro Cardona or anyone
else, that we were going to
launch, committed ourselves
to launch. a military invasion
with six divisions. -"
Your lead editorial on the
same date commented on this
subject, and in reporting
what the President had said.
stated 1t this way:
g. President Kennedy,
on the other hand, was ex-
plicit in his statement to the
American Society Of News
paper Editors. Nobody, In
the United States Govern
ment' he said, ever informed
anyone in the Government
or outside the Government,
DR.. Miro Cardona or anyone
else, that we were going to
launch, committed ourselves
to launch, a military invasion
with six divisions"
1t is quite obvious the text
of this denial could be great
ly improved, but where did
The Star get authority for
leaving out the words, quite
obviously" in commenting on
the Presidents statement ed
itorially?
Barring mere play on
words one might say 1t is
quite obvious the President
m a de practically such q
promise in his speech to the
Cuban refugees. with battle
flag in hand when he prom
iSed 1t would go back and
them with 1t. Vivian o. Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
Madison and the First Amendment

1889, when the Senate con-
Cured in his final version
previously approved by the
House. AS one historian
said: The final version was
definitely a victory for Madi-
son and for the more demo-
cratic House" During the
deliberations on the wording
of the First Amendment,
Congress and the people had
ample opportunity to learn
Madison's will and intent re-
specting the religious clause.
and the result was a pro-
nounced victory for Madison.
What Mr.. Marlborough terms
"the individual views Of Mad
ison" thus must have been
shared by the majority Of
Congress. who approved Mad
ison's version Of the law. and
the States which ratified 1t.
What are we TO use. then.
as the principal basic source
for interpreting the First
Amendment II not the views
OF the man who actually
wrote II? Surely the single
fact that the Supreme Court
has yet TO rule on the con-
stitutionality Of the Govern
ment's chaplaincy system
should not be construed as
discrediting Madison. II
Madison's views are entitled
TO great respect" as Mr.. Var
borough rightly says, then we
should pay more attention to
what Madison was trying TO
tell us about freedom. He
was against the chaplaincy
system because II was based
on the principle that the
state should officially support
religion, directly or indi-
rectly. That principle. and
the chaplaincy system. we're
Numerically opposed 10 the
uniquely American principle
OF separation Of church and
state reflected In his BRAIN
child. the First Amendment.
He put IL this way: The OBJ
ject OF this establishment Is
seducing: the motive 10 1t is
laudable. But is II not safer
10 adhere 10 q right princi-
pie, and trust TO Its conse-
quences. than confide In the
reasoning. however specious,
In favor Of q wrong one7"
Robert Dilks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
THE POLITICAL MILL
The Peace Issue May Rise Again
BY GOULD LINCOLN

next Democratic National
Convention. acclaiming him
in words similar to those used
In praise Of Mr.. Wilson In
1915.
Mr.. Wilson's tactics. his
firm notes to Germany. many
in number. his demands upon
the warning powers to let the
United States frame for them
q peace without victory"
were unavailing. Finally the
German announcement that
there would be unrestricted
submarine warfare, after
repeated sinkings Of our
merchant vessels, brought
President Wilson to Congress
with his demand for q decla-
ration Of war.
OhVWCU Willingness
President Kennedy's prob
lem with Cuba and world
communism Is vastly differ
ent from Woodrow Wilson's
problems with the Central
Powers. But in Wilson's day,
this country was unprepared
for war. Today, the United
States is the most powerful
nation in the world because
Of its arms and Its resources.
In Wilson's day the war was
far from our shores, threat
ened only by submarine at
tack. Today, because Of the
deadly change in arms, war
may be at our doors. The
Kaiser in 1915 did not under
stand our willingness to fight.
President Kennedy showed
that willingness when he
amassed huge naval, air and
land forces on the Atlantic
Coast and threatened to use
them II the Russians did not
withdraw their nuclear mis-
siles from Cuba. And Khru-
shcheV backed away.
In the last six months.
however, there has been
swelling criticism Of the
President, among Americans
and now among the Cuban
exiles in this country, because
Of what appears to be only a
waiting policy-waiting for
something to turn up to the
disadvantage Of Fidel Castro
and his Communist govern
ment. President Kennedy an
swers these criticisms with
statements Of the economic
presSures he and other ma
tons of the free world, in
GLIDING Latin-America, are
placing on Castro's Cuba, as
well as this country'S deter
mination, along with Latin
American republics, to pre-
vent Communist incursion
and subversion in our sister
nations to the South Of US.
There remains the hard
fact, however, that Soviet
Russia has and retains q
Communist base in the West
ern Hemisphere. and mil
lions Of Americans do not
like 1t, any more than the
millions Of Americans who
did not like the sinking of
American ships by German
submarines in 1916.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
Thresher Parts Inquiry Urged
By RALPH McGHL

That the naval hierarchy has
not liked him Is q compile
ment, but also is q disturbing
revelation Of an unhealthy
attitude. Only the Congress
and the American press pre-
vented his retirement years
ago when the Navy COM
mand was opposing construc-
ton Of nuclear-powered sub
marines. The admiral, for
some time. has been direct
ing his fire at manufacturers
who provide faulty compon-
ents. In this he seemingly has
had little or no help from
the Navy Department. .
Last October Admiral
Rickover made q talk to the
National Metal Congress. in
which he said that a high
percentage Of materials and
components that did not meet
Specifications were delivered
for submarine construction.
Successful operation Of q
nuclear power plant" the adj
miral said, depends on the
reliability Of all Of It's parts.
The reactor as well as the
conventional coInponents 90.
the heat exchanges, pressure
vessels, values, turbo genera
tors, and 50 forth.
Hits Reliability
"It has been extremely DIFF
ficult to get management TO
give effective attention TO
these conventional compon-
erts. These all are designed
and manufactured by long
established procedures and so
should present no special. DIFF
ficulty. Yet, delivery and per-
Torrance OF these conven-
tional items have been less
reliable than delivery and
performance Of the nuclear
reactors themselves. II we
are TO build successful nu-
clear power plants at reason
able cost and in reason
able time. the whole plateau
OF industrial workmanship,
engineering, inspection and
quality control must be
raised above the present
level. This Is the responsi-
bility Of management E"
Loss of the Thresher. with
the conclusion that some OF
her components failed TO re-
spond In time OF emergency,
demands that the Navy De-
partment get tough with
suppliers. There should have
been an immediate response
TO Admiral Rickover's speech
OF last october. There was
not. The Navy has been too
timid and too fearful OF Of
Tending major suppliers. II
the tragedy Of the Thresher
does goad the command TO
get tough with manufactur-
ers and II the administration
does move 10 obtain Admiral
Rickover as q civilian TO do
his present job. then the
taxpayers and those who 90
down 10 the sea In ships will
have q better. deal.
tAn Rishts Rsssrvsd)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry Uriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27

It is considered likely that
the scandal Of sloppy work
and Of faulty components
supplied the nuclear SUBJ
marine Thresher will become
a subject of congressional in
quiry. That a high-level in
vestigation Of great thor
oughnesS is called for cannot
longer be disputed. Morality.
the safety Of submarine
crews, and the national
security all require it.
Testimony by 1t. Raymond
A. McCoole, who. because Of
an accident suffered by his
wife, was not abroad the
Thresher when she was lost,
is an indictment Of Ameri-
can workmanship and sup
pliers Of components. The
air systems had been O con-
tinuing problem. There had
been errors In the angle
indicators that controlled
diving. Twenty per cent Of
the hydraulic system valves
had been installed back
wards. The plane and rudder
mechanisms had been found
to be defective and had been
replaced the day before the
ship sailed. The periscope
mechanism was installed
backwards. Trials In March
developed so many "weeps,"
a navy word for deficiencies,
that a four-day test was
Interrupted to correct them.
Two crewmen who had
served on the Thresher testi-
fled In the Naval court Of
inquiry that some general
work done at the Portsmouth
Navy Yard during q nine
month overhaul was very
sloppy. A petty officer told
the court there had been con-
tinuous trouble with the
vital high pressure air
system used in surfacing.
Breakdown Seems Evident
These are the highlights
OF q story that reflects on the
character and quality Of
American craftsmanship and
on at least some OF the sup
pliers OF components. That
all the flaws had been cor
rected by specialists in the
crew before the vessel sailed
Is beside the point. II there
had. indeed, been continuous
trouble in the pressure sys-
tenn and II there had been
failures OF components after
previous corrections, then
there was reason TO expect
other failures. That there was
q breakdown In the ships
mechanisms at q time OF
crisis is clear.
II the tragedy Of the
Thresher does produce q
congressional inquiry and II
II does bring about an exec
utive order TO continue Ad-
miral Hyman Rickover after
retirement In January 1864
In the same work he now
does. the loss will not have
been entirely in vain.
The national debt 10 Ad-
miral Rickover increases.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27

because only ministers OF
certain Protestant sects could
be elected and. due to the
religious convictions Of some.
not all could participate In
the services ordained by the
majority. Madison wrote in
the Memoranda: ct h e
tenets of the chaplains elect
ed Thy the majority shut the
door Of worship against
the members whose creeds
a. consciences forbid a
participation In that Of the
majority. To say nothing OF
other sects, this is the case
with that Of Roman Catholics
IL Quakers. Could a Catho-
lie clergyman ever hope to
be appointed a chaplain? To
say that his religious princi-
pies are obnoxious or that
his sect is small, is to lift the
evil at once and exhibit in
its naked deformity the
doctrine that religious truth
is to be tested by numbers. or
that the major sects have a
right TO govern the minor"
1t is clear that Madison
was not opposed TO the chap
lain system per sc but only
to certain "evils" in the sys-
TEN. This Interpretation, and
not Mr.. Dilks', would be con-
sistent with Madison's I'M
derstanding OF the First
Amendment. his work in
helping TO set UP the chap
lain system. and his actions
as Representative and Presi-
dent.
James A. Miller.
Did James Madison oppose
the will and intent Of the
people and his fellow Found
ing Fathers In his work on
the Bill Of Rights2 Kemp p.
Marlborough has raised this
question in his letter (Star.
April IS. 1862 by referring
TO what he calls strong evi-
dence that the general will
and intent respecting the
religious clause OF the CFirst)
amendment differed from
Madison's"
Madison not only intro
duced the First Amendment
but shepherded II through
long Legislative debates from
June 8 10 September rs,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27

woodrow Wilson nearly
half Q century ago won re-
election to the presidency on
the slogan "he kept US out Of
war" Political history may
repeat itself once again when
President John F. Kennedy
next year runs for O second
term in the White House. In
1915. Mr.. Wilson was harshly
denounced by Republican
eaders-particularly former
President Theodore Roosevelt
for not adopting q firmer
policy toward Germany. Pres
ident Kennedy is denounced
today by Republicans for hes
itation. vacillation in his poll
icies toward Communist Cuba
and its master, Russian So
Wet Premier Khrushchev. Mr..
Wilson was re-elected-but
that election did not keep us
out Of the first World War.
II Mr.. Kennedy is re-elect-
ed, as many believe he will
be, that. too, may not keep
US out of O third World War.
But. as in the case Of Presi-
dent Wilson, President Ken
needy may reap the benefit of
having kept US out Of war"
with the Cuban and Russian
Communists-unless hostili-
ties shall have broken out
between today and the 1854
national election.
When Mr.. Wilson was re-
nominated by a Democratic
National Convention in st.
Louis, Gov. Martin Glynn Of
New York spoke eloquently
Of the Wilson policy Of neu-
tralism to keep us out Of war.
This policy" said Gov.
Glynn, may not satisfy i.
the fire-eaters or the swash-
bucklers, but 1t does satisfy
the mothers Of the land at
whose hearth and fireside no
jingoistic war has placed an
empty chair" And william
Jennings Bryan, who earlier
had been Wilson's Secretary
Of State, but was attending
the convention as a news
paper reporter, when called
upon to speak by q roaring
mass Of delegates, said: II
agree with the American peo-
pie In thanking God we have
a President who has kept us
who will keep us-out Of war. 4"
Can Forecast Speeches
President Kennedy Is now
being shot at by the Repub-
lican leaders, including Gov.
Rockefeller of New York,
Senator Barry Goldwater and
former Vice President Nixon
Of California. He is hailed by
his supporters for calmness
and patience-for his watch
full waiting-a policy adopted
in those earlier days by
Woodrow Wilson. They-and
the President himself-de-
mand to know If his critics
are urging that We invade
Cuba and run the risk of ar
atomic war with Russia. And
II the peace. even an uneasy
peace, continues, 1t is easy to
forecast the speeches at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-27

Representative in
from Iowa.
Smyrna times., 1963-10-31
Pharmacists
CONTINUED from Page one)

CONTINUED from Page one)
the Elsmere Fire Hall);
WILMINGTON = Roger An
derson, Public Building; Arthur
Berk, Kingswood Community
Center; Bill Merritt, Fournier
Community Memorial Hall; a
representative of Johnson's
Pharmacy, Christ Our King
School; Miss Claire Mazda, St.
Elizabeth's School; Stan Vein
berg, Academy of Medicine;
David Krigstein, State Board oi
Health Office; Robert Toulson,
Boys Club; Don Watson, Olivet
Community Center; Ken Ander-
son, St. Mary's Church; Joe
Healy, Southbridge Community
Center.
The Delaware Pharmaceu-
tical Society has participated
in a volunteer capacity In a
number of similar programs ir
the past, such as Diabetes Week
and Poison Week.
Smyrna times., 1963-10-31
j.B.M. Honor Roll

The Scholastic Honor Roll for
the first marking period at the
John Bassett Moore High School
has been announced as follows:
First Honors : No grade be-
low SO in a major subject.
18th Grade Catherine Grad
eris!
1lth Grade = Donna Dunnack,
Louise Masten, Janice Wilder.
10th Grade : None
9th Grade : Michael McGrath
Second Honors No grade be-
low IS in a major subject.
18th Grade Roger Attix.
Marjorie Ballinger. Wesley
Conley, Alma Cox, Patricia Di-
nlicke, Debbie Downs, Nelson
Eyerhart, Donald Faucet. Lu-
cille Fischer, JEANNE Gilmore,
Ronald Hoffecker, Robert Mer-
rill, Vicky LaSage. Patricia
Pase, Patricia Rebar, judith
Steele, Sharon Tritt. Eunice