davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-12
Conversion of u. S. Wheeled Population
Calls for Planning on Vast Scale

sands Of jobs created by the
automobile assembly lines,
and by the industrial de-
mands Of two great wars.
A steady procession Of the
South's best prepared young
people moved east and west.
Most of the Nations farmers
we're in the Southeast and a
majority of their farms we're
small. Most Of the people on
them, white and colored, for
generations had known poor
and inadequate schools. They
had experienced nothing of
libraries of the most ordinary
cultural accessories of civili-
zation. In the corrosive
struggle to scratch a living
from too little land, images
and prejudices became fixed
and immutable. Wherever the
Negro was a potential eco
nomic competitor, these fixa-
tions were the more harshly
expressed.
All Of this was put on
wheels and distributed over
the Nation. The industrial
cities of today know this all
too we'll. Wheels and the in
dustrial urbanization have
presented us with old prob
lens In new and more de-
manding situations. The pop
ulation expansion has
brought all of Americas cit
les, large and small, to the
point where. If we do not
think and plan, we will, in
deed, soon be trampling out
the vintage where the grapes
OF wrath are stored. In Iact,
fact, in some areas we already
are so trampling out the
vintage where the grapes of
wrath are stored. In fact,
in some areas we already are
so trampling.
One Of the new situations
is housing. There are more
people, but there is less low
and medium cost housing for
sale or for rent. Pressures are
Evening star., 1963-01-12
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Ccfenea Wrifar

The Soviet Union may be
planning to put its latest inter-
planetary probe into orbit
around the planet Mars.
This possibility was raised in
an article by a Russian scien-
tist which has Just appeared in
translation in the United States,
The article. How to Fly to
Mars?" by Prof. @. Chebotarev,
appeared in a Moscow publica-
ton just after the launching OF
"Mars-l" on November /.
AS reported in the Depart
ment Of Commences publica-
ton. "Soviet-bloc Research in
Geophysics. Astronomy and
Space" Prof. Chebotarev said
only a slight showdown would be
Evening star., 1963-01-12
RALPH McGILL
Mobility Confronts the Cities

building UP. Private housing
will remain private, but this
is a part of the dilemma. II
it is truly private, then the
owner may sell to anyone who
has a price and the purchaser
may buy. Individuals may
make any private agreement
or convenant they wish, but
neither government nor court
can protect them in 1t. We are
all, indeed, private citizens
Of this country. We are free
to live where we wish or
wherever our income per-
mits us to establish ourselves.
In a free economy all money
is just one color-green. No
restrictive covenant, barrier
or Berlin-type wall is legal
In the United States If created
for the purpose of discrimt-
nation or restriction on the
basis of race. State and local
judges may, for a time, evade
the issue, but Federal courts
cannot. We are all private
citizens, equally protected by
our country's one Constitu-
ton. This is a fact painful to
some when confronted with
removal Of old customs which
have made some citizens
have fewer and fewer rights
than others.
George Romney, the new
Governor Of Michigan, said
recently at a metropolitan
conference in Detroit that a
free and open housing market
is a public responsibility. II
believe discrimination is our
most urgent domestic prob
lem" Gov. Romney plans
what he calls appropriate
action in some areas of
State legislation" We as pri-
vate citizens must not deceive
ourselves. Change has come.
More is coming. We must
decide how we shall meet it.
individuals may make any
private agreement conscience
dictates, but we cannot deny
the equal right to buy or sell.
We must not begin to tram
pie out the vintage where the
grapes of wrath are stored.
Evening star., 1963-01-12
Mars Orbit Goal Seen
For Soviet Space Probe

needed to put the spacecraft
into Mars orbit. The necessary
loss Of speed would be about
5000 miles an hour. according
to the Russians calculations.
Prof. Chebotarev's report gave
more information about the
gave more information about the
lished before in the West. A
summary with speeds con-
verted to United States units)
follows:
THE Mars-l' interplanetary
station was launched from a
heavy satellite in a circular
earth satellite orbit: the
velocity Of the satellite was 40
miles a second. The rocket was
launched from this satellite at
a velocity OF 81 miles a second,
but the rocket left the orbit at
8 miles a second. Mote: Sum
OF the two yelocities.)
1T headed toward Mars IN a
hyperbolic trajectory and left
the earth's sphere OF attraction
at 4 miles a second. For Il TO
assume an orbital path around
Mars the station would have 10
be braked 10 a velocity OF 81
miles a second.
THE computed trajectory Of
a space vehicle cannot be COM
puted with complete accuracy
because the position OF the
planets In space and their vel
ocity is known only approxi-
mately The principal source OF
errors is the inadequate accur-
aey OF the astronomical unit.
Mote: Distance from the earth
TO the sum- The trajectory
must therefore be corrected by
use Of rockets.
THE time required for the
flight 10 Mars is $50 days"
A 259-day flight would bring
Mars-l into the vicinity OF the
planet about mid-June. Nothing
definite about the progress Of
the space probe has been forth
coming since late November,
when the Russians reported It
on course and working properly.
Evening star., 1963-01-12

ROME - The London Sun
day Telegraph recently ran
a cartoon which produced
both amusement and q dead
serious political viewpoint It
depicted President Kennedy
as a two-timing suitor. On
his knees before a skeptic
angular lady of the horse
hair chair era resembling
Chancellor A denauer, the
suitor is offering "her" an
engagement ring. However,
seated behind the suitor is a
pudgy peasant gal, a head
scarf framing "her" mole
dotted cheeks, feet dangling
from a tufted sofa. She
shows an unbelieving happy
smile, for suitor Jack has his
other hand behind his back
and is also offering Miss
Khrushchev" a ring.
The title Of the accompa-
nying story reads, "At the
trouble center Of Germany it
seems increasingly likely that
America and Russia will
make a bargain - and then
tell their allies"
The author of the article
says flatly that all the big
issues now pending in Eu-
rope "are of American or
Russian origin" And this re-
calls a recent discussion your
reporter had with a promi-
nent analyst of European af-
fairs. My friend used words
which this reporter had nei-
ther heard before nor ever
seen in print. Their blunt
substance was to the effect
that the now prosperous Eu-
ropeans are disgruntled with
the United States arranging
their destiny.
My face must have given
away my surprise - and also,
I suppose, shock. Perhaps
my expression opened the
floodgates, for he gave forth
with a Niagara Of pent-up
thoughts.
Evening star., 1963-01-12
RALPH McGILL

Detroit might we'll be des-
ignated as the source of the
single most powerful force in
the American industrial revo-
luton. 1t was Detroit's inven-
tors, mechanics and tool
makers who made Americans
mobile with wheels. This has
had the effect Of homoge-
niZing the Nation.
AS millions of PERSONS
moved about on the wheels Of
their own cars or buses they
took with them a part of
what and where they had
been. Some carried along with
them lack Of schooling, pref
udices Of family and commu-
nifty, ShiftlessneSs, a lack of
skills and an ignorance of
their country's constitutional
promises. Others took along
talent, learning, exceptional
abilities. ambition, a belief in
the promises and a commit
ment to and awareness Of the
national creed and need.
This astonishing mobility
of the American people con-
tinues. About two decades ago
John Steinbeck wrote a novel
titled THE Grapes of Wrath" f."
Those who have not read it
would do we'll to fetch 1t from
the library and do so. 1t tells
a story of the beginnings Of
mobility when the use of
tractors began to move peo-
pie off the farms. The jour-
ney Of an Oklahoma family,
embittered, illiterate, yet pos
sessing many sound virtues,
newly become a casualty of
industrial progress, was a
symbolic one of the early
stages of departures from
the land toward the beckon-
ing cities and the distant un-
known home of greener pas
lures.
The largest percentage OF
mobility has been out of the
South. 1t was accelerated by
the boil weevil, by the thou
Evening star., 1963-01-12
BY the Associated Press


Businessmen worried about
new tax rules might get q
strained chuckle over the cor
poration that reported make
believe income and paid taxes
on IL.
The case, reported by the
United States Court Of Claims
isn't expected TO set any new
trend in Internal Revenue
circles.
Neither is the practice OF
inventing fictitious items Of
income "out Of whole cloth,
as the court put II, expected
to win many devoteeS among
the taxpayer set.
The firm, the General Credit
Corp. OF Anderson. Ind. II
now in the hands Of receivers
who won a court-ordered re.
fund. The amount was not de-
termined Immediately.
Exodus Of AndersOns
The Anderson family thai
used TO run the corporation
doesn't work there any more.
m. d. Anderson resigned al
director, w. A. Anderson re-
signed as assistant treasurer
and director. Robert A. Ander,
son resigned as assistant sec.
s~tary and director, Marie Z
Anderson resigned as an en-
ploye. and w. q. Anderson re-
signed as treasurer and d.
rector" the court said.
An accounting firm callet
In 10 check the books reported
that mo opinion could be furn
ished" as 10 the company's II
nancial condition, the cour
said.
The corporations bookkeep
Evening star., 1963-01-12
BY GEORGE SHERMAN
Star Staff Writer

President-elect Juan Bosch
of the Dominican Republic has
come and gone. He has left
behind a strong feeling Of good
will and several intriguing ques-
tions unanswered.
During a week of unofficial
visiting here, the suave Do
minican received constant VIF
treatment from virtual every
top person in town concerned
with Latin American affairs.
And everyone, from President
Kennedy on down, is said to
have been impressed with the
mans intellect and basic devo-
ton to democracy.
But nagging uncertainty re-
mains as to how this devotion
is to be translated into prac-
tice once the white-hairec poet
is inaugurated president or
February 27.
No Government Experience
Mr.. Bosch generally is de-
scribed as a "humanist." sucked
into politics through 20 years
of exile warfare against the
hated dynasty of assassinated
dictator Gen. Rafael Tru-
jillo. He has no experience in
government administration OF
active domestic politics.
He won the December 20 elec-
tions-the first free ones in SO
through an active cam
paign for drastic and speedy
reform. His main appeal was to
land-hungry peasants who de-
mand a quick end to their un-
derprivileged second-class citi-
zenShip.
Officials here are convinced
that Mr.. Bosch intends to honor
those pledges. He belongs tt the
generation of "revolutionaries'
who-like President Romulo
Betancourt of Venezuela
believe that democracy in Latin
America means nothing without
economic and social progress.
Today this democratic left
is the chief ally of the new Alli-
ance for Progress in the hemi-
sphere.
But Mr.. Bosch is still un-
Evening star., 1963-01-12
An Observer Says the Iron Curtain
Was Primarily Caused by America

America has spent billions
upon billions in Europe" he
said. first to win the war
against the NaZis and then
to help us dig out Of the
wreckage and begin life anew.
We've been saying Thank
you ever since. United States
aid was essential for our sur
vival, for the end Of the war
did not bring peace, but fear
of an enemy far worse then
Nazis. The Nazi theology took
roots nowhere, but commu-
nism is taking fearsome roots
everywhere"
He paused for breath, and
I did not interrupt him. He
continued:
THE Germans, naturally,
could not cry out against any
injustice of the peace-their
divided country, their capital
in a sea Of enemy territory
for they were the ugly ag-
gressors who had brought on
the war. But today, every
German and every European,
for that matter, knows that
there would be no German
crisis If you Americans had
not agreed to divide their
country with the Soviets. No
German citizen, however,
dares to say so out loud.
"You people are always
speaking of freedom, inde-
pendence, equality. and each
word has a hiss like a flam-
ing torch flung in the sky.
Are the Romanians free? Are
the Hungarians free? Are the
Lithuanians, Poles, Cechs.
E. :? Nobody is free behind
the Iron Curtain, not even in
Russia. And who made the
Iron Curtain possible? The
United States at Yalta, Teher-
an and Potsdam. But no one
dares point their finger at
you. They still have a faint
hope that some day, some
way, America will free the
slaves of Soviet chains.
Evening star., 1963-01-12
'UNINTEREsTING; MILITARIST'
Soviet Officer Group
RoPs Army Profession

Apparently, lectures have
been given at various command
schools on that subject, but not
all Officers have been convinced
that military life is indeed
beautiful"
The letter notes that a lec-
turer, Vladimir Petrov, deliv-
cred a talk on THE Wonderful
and Lofty Part of Fulfilling a
Soldiers Duty" He said the act
of defending the socialist
motherland and the entire So
cialist camp is wonderful, and
that it contains all the symbols
of true beauty: service to public
interests, private SelfleSsness,
genuine heroism and a great
upsurge Of spiritual forces"
"Militarist Preachings"
Some dissident officers, how
ever, complained. according to
the letter, that these are the
preachings Of militarism and Of
a martinet-like attitude" They
said there can be no beauty
in places where people are be-
ing trained to kill other people.
The very hardness and stern
ness of military service, the ne
cessity for constant subordina-
ton, restrictions Of freedom,
and the stern order exclude any
concept of beauty"
The letter writer's said that
they opposed this view, saying
that these thoughts smack Of
pacifism."
Marshal Budyenny, a veter-
an officer, turned the letter
over to Red Star, promising to
answer 1t through the paper
later.
Evening star., 1963-01-12
Grand Jury to Probe
Police Terror Charges

Charges that the Montgomery
County police force is a terror
organization" when dealing
with Negroes will be investi-
gated by the grand jury, States
attorney Leonard Hardy said
yesterday.
Immediately after being
sworn in for his second term
Mr.. Hardy said he had recalled
the october grand jury to in
vestigate statements about po-
lice brutality. the effectiveness
of the school systems employe
fingerprinting setup and the
role Of county officials in the
Potomac water pollution con-
troversy.
"Very serious charges have
been made concerning county
police action toward Negroes,
the States attorney said, "and
/ think the grand jury and
the county's chief law enforce
ment officer are entitled to
examine these charges.
Summonses Out
Summonsens already have
been issued for the appearance
of Mrs. Mary Y. Williams, for
mer president Of the county's
chapter OF the National Asso-
citation for the Advancement oi
Colored People, and DR., Give
E. jackson, a Rockville physi-
clan. Mr.. Hardy said top county
police officials would also APP
pear.
The prosecutor said basis oi
the subpoenas we're comments
made by Or. Jackson In a let.
ter Of complaint 10 the County
Council, and by Mrs. Williams
on a local radio program.
ION this radio show" Mr.
Hardy said, MRS. Williams sale
the situation OF Negroes ir
Montgomery County can very
easily be compared with the
lot OF their brothers In Missis.
sippi.' She also said she wasn't
at all certain that q Negro car
get a fair trial In Montgomery.
II want her 10 explain thest
statements 10 the jurors" ht
said.
nr. Jacksons letter re,
portedly claimed that the po'
lice force - which has no Ne,
gro officers - has "the repu-
Evening star., 1963-01-12
Better COLLEGE
Training for
Negro Urqed
BY CLARENCE HUNTER
Star Staff Writer

Negro colleges and universi-
ties must realize the sense of
urgency" to improve their aca-
demic programs to prepare their
graduates for the jobs of to-
morrow.
This was the concensus ex-
pressed yesterday by some so
presidents and executives Of
Negro institutions of higher
learning when they applauded
the summing : up remarks of
two Of their members at the
end Of a two-day conference
at Howard University.
The conference was spon-
sored by the Labor Department
| to discuss the responsibility of
colleges and universities in the
preparation and motivation of
youth for opportunities in gov
ernment and industry. The ed
ucators were from six States
and the District. Other such
conferences are scheduled for
Atlanta, Nashville and New Or
leans.
I'VE must increase the levels
of achievement in all our COL
leges and put more exacting
demands upon our students and
ourselves" declared James M.
Nabrit. jr., Howard president.
I'VE must let our students know
that their opportunities in the
world Of tomorrow will depend
upon their spirits and the tools
they possess. The limitations
on them will depend upon their
own inadequacies."
Jerome Holland. president of
Hampton Institute in Virginia,
said: I'VE cannot delay for a
moment the preparation of our
young people for the fruits OF
a new day.
I'VE must return to our cam
puses in a mood of urgency
and raise the standards OF our
programs"
Negro institutions must pro-
vide the motivation for Negro
students TO overcome their feel
ing Of rejection, and their de-
featist attitudes toward many
areas Of employment, DR.. Hol-
land pointed out.
The fact that Job barriers
are being removed daily in
creases the responsibility Of Ne
gro colleges, DR.. Holland said.
He added that Negro schools
need to raise their academic
standards; provide more money
for research and scholarships
Tor talented students.
Also let students know more
about employment opportuni-
ties and equip them for these
opportunities; and work more
closely with the public schools
TO raise the level OF aspiration
OF pupils, so they will be en-
couraged TO seek the advant-
ages OF higher education.
Earlier yesterday. the univer-
sity executives heard Don Frye
Of the Housing and Home FL
nance Agency criticize Negro
universities for having low aca-
demic standards and Of prepar-
ing too many teachers
preachers and farmers"
He also was critical OF these
schools for having inadequate
placement services and urged
the executives to provide "the
funds. facilities and encourage.
ment for these programs" SC
their students can better com.
pete In the Job market.
Evening star., 1963-01-12

cases. They need more infor-
nation from court appointed
auditors OF several firms now
in receiyership, he said.
He added, however, that he
hopes 10 be ready TO try al
ready indicted officials OF four
other savings and loan firms
In late March.
The october grand Jury will
begin deliberation January 81
The first item OF consideration
will be 40 criminal cases.
Evening star., 1963-01-12
Roundup in Tunis

TUNIS, Jan. IL tAP).-Four
more persons have been arrest
ed for plotting last month
against President Habib Bour-
guiba's life. bringing the total
10 25. officials report. A 26th
person still was sought today.
Evening star., 1963-01-12

tried in government. And Off
cials here are not sure that he
or anyone knows how his elec-
ton pledges are to be kept.
They further fear that when
the job proves harder than he
realizes, in Illustration he may
seek Scapegoats. The United
States could be just such a
scapegoat, if nationalism runs
riot.
Nevertheless, the Kennedy
administration is more than
willing to run the risk. Policy
makers point to a year-and-a-
half of peaceful transition away
from dictatorship. They are de-
termined to make the Domini-
can Republic a showcase OF
democracy opposite Castro Cuba
in the Caribbean.
Since the assassination OF
Gen. Trujillo in May, 1861, the
United States has committed
$53.5 million to bolster land,
health and housing reform. Of
ficials maintain this aid pro-
gram is proving one Of the
most effective under the ALI
ance for Progress.
Briefed on Alliance
The central focus of Mr.
Bosch's visit was a detailed ex-
change on just what this bud
ding Alliance means. Previously
he had shown acute suspicion
that it is a United States-for-
mulated and directed program
which he has simply inherited
He also emphasized through
out his talks that he is as
much interested in theological
as economic aid. He maintained
that in the months ahead many
of his reforms would be mis-
interpreted by "rightist" forces
with vested interests. He ap-
pealed for understanding and
restraint here.
For their part, United States
officials tried to find out just
what reforms he has in mind
They we're not altogether sue
cessful. But they say they
proved to Mr.. Bosch that this
Government will be flexible In
meeting whatever reasonable
program he may formulate.
Evening star., 1963-01-12
BY BERNARD GWERTZMAN
Star Staff Writer

SkoA oNnAA WlAlUI
A group of Soviet army Off
GERS have submitted their res
ignations because they believe
that their profession is "unin-
teresting and unromantic."
This came to light in a recent
issue of the newspaper Red
Star, published by the Soviet
Ministry Of Defense. The issue
has Just arrived in Washington
A letter from the Far East
Higher All-Army CommanC
School reported that a debatt
had started at the school or
the value of the military pro.
feSSion.
Prefer Civilian Professions
According to the letter, sent
to Soviet Marshal Semeon M
Budyenny, matters have pro-
ceeded so far that some course
participants in our school are
writing reports demanding tc
be dismissed, believing that to-
day the officers profession, al
though necessary, is uninterest-
ing and unromantic and that
any civilian profession is more
beautiful than the military pro-
fession."
Publication of the letter in
dicated to observers in Wash
ington that the problem of Off
GERS morale probably is not
limited to the Far East. An edi-
tors note following the letter
asks the readers to contribute
thoughts on What Consti.
tutes the Beauty of the Military
Service"
Evening star., 1963-01-12
Dominican President-EIect
Leaves Points Unexplained

The aim is to let the new
president, who is extremely
sensitive about his power, take
the lead. To help him find the
direction, officials gave him
some is pounds of Alliance
documents and literature to
take home with him.
Question Of TrujillO Properties
The biggest question is still
what Mr.. Bosch plans to dc
about the confiscated TrujillC
properties. In the rich Domin-
ican sugar and industrial econ.
omy these properties account
for an estimated 70 per cen
of the national product.
The provisional council o.
state in power for the last yea1
has held up their redistribu.
ton in the belief that only ar
elected president could take
such vital decisions.
But Mr.. Bosch gave no finaI
definition of intention here. He
outlined a kind of pragmatiC
approach which would decide
on each Trujillo property, &C.
cording to its place in the
economy.
Vague Position
The upshot was a rather
vague middle position on the
largest properties, particularly
the rich Trujillo sugar planta-
tions. Mr.. Bosch said he is
against both Matchmaking this
wealth in state hands and re-
turning it to private interests,
Instead, he would like to turr
the properties over to worker.
run co-operatives operating ir
a basically free economy. II
the case Of the sugar lands
the peasant co-operatives
would revolve around state-rur
sugar mills.
Officials here are not op.
posed to this formula. But they
want more details than Mr.
Bosch was able to supply. They
have their fingers crossed thai
this and other formulas will,
look as good in practice a;
they sound in theory.