davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-17
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Age of Milky Way Is Estimated
By THOMAS r. HENRY

The Milky Way galaxy is
about 10 trillion years old.
This, at least, is the
approximate age Of some of
the older Of its two-billion-
odd stars, some in the general
neighborhood of the sun, as
determined by scientists of
the Mount Wilson and
Palomar observatories Of the
Carnegie Institution of WASH
ington. They have used a
quite radically new method of
determining star age, de-
scribed in a report Just issued
by the institution.
Still the great conglomera-
ton OF about two billion stars,
OF which a minor one is the
about average sized solar
system, may be only an infant
among the several billion
similar galaxies constituting
creation, as now known. Ac-
cording to present theories Of
It's birth 1t necessarily was
preceded by something.
1t was created in the first
place, according TO the Car
negie report, out Of a vast
cloud Of dust and gas which
happened to be in this part
OF Allness. This dust and gas,
thousands of millenniums.
consolidated, through mutual
attraction between particles.
into stellar bodies. Some of
these probably still persist
after 10 billion years. Many
others long since have ex-
ploded, scattering their frag-
mentS Of gas and dust
through space. Out Of this
new stars and new planets
have been created.
Metal Content Of Stars
The new finding was incl
dental 10 a study OF the
metal content OF stars which
has been in progress for sew
eral years. The studies had
shown that stars formed early
In the history OF the galaxy
have substantially less metal
and heavy elements than
those formed later. This pro-
vides additional evidence for
the theory that metals and
heavy elements are formed in
the last days Of burned-out
stars which are about TO
explode.
The heavy elements are
spewed into space by the
explosions and mix with the
lighter gases and dusts OF
the universe. AS younger
stars form from this mixed
material, they contain more
metals and heavy elements
than those which preceded
them. Thus the metals and
heavy elements in the sun
and on the earth-are prod
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Good Place to Save

offhand, II would seem that the
Internal Revenue Service has the best
Of all opportunities for saving the tax
payers money. Only the other day, for
example, Mr. Tax Collector himself, also
known as IRIS Commissioner Mortimer
M. Caplin, announced that his agency
had gathered In record total Of S994
billion in taxes In the fiscal year that
ended last June 80.
Now 1t is revealed that the IRIS has
won the Treasury Departments top
Evening star., 1963-01-17
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used will be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Fry frye?

Why you print articles by
the reporter William r. Frye
/ don't know There is no
more gloating, biased. pro-
bully and pro-oppressor writ
er among the ranks OF news
papermen than the said Frye.
! hope they manage TO fry
and eat him In the Congo,
though l rather imagine he'd
make even the cannibals sick.
ClarksOn J. Beall.
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Lawrence on Schools

I would like to congratu-
late Mr.. David Lawrence on
his fair article on public
school integration in your is
sue OF January l2.
Students OF human rela-
tionships will agree that
conformity by coercion will
never succeed. In fact
coercion will only produce
adverse results, because 1t
ruins the proper atmosphere
needed for preparation to
accept the rights OF fellow
citizens The evolution that
brings about the recogni-
ton Of fellow citizens as
equal human beings irrespec-
tive Of race. color or creed,
takes a very long time. es-
pecially when II is allowed
TO take It's own course by
stages, so that II may be
real and effective. J. X. Dias.
Evening star., 1963-01-17
THE POLITICAL MILL
The Senate CIoture Issue
By GOULD LINCOLN

tage to bankers. The pro-
longed debate on the League
of Nations in the late Presi-
dent Woodrow Wilson's day
was another instance - an
instance In which sentiment,
in the Senate and outside,
changed greatly as the long
debate proceeded. And 1t was
in the last session of Con-
gress that several of the lead
ing progressives in the Sem
ate sought, by a filibuster, to
kill off the satellite commu-
nications bill.
But today the pressure is
on many members Of the
Senate to change the cloture
rule as a means of getting
votes on additional civil
rights legislation. 1t seems to
have been forgotten that civil
rights legislation dealing
with races and minorities -
has in recent years passed
the Senate and become law
on two occasions under pres
ent rules. 1t could happen
again.
SOutherners Need Help
Democratic Senators from
the South have been a hard
core of the opposition to the
curtailment of unlimited de-
bate in the Senate over the
years. They are today. They
need the support, however, of
other Democratic and Repub-
lican Senators. but how many
Of these others, who believe
in their hearts that the
change In the cloture rule
should not be made, are will
ing to take part in the fill
buster now looming? How
many Of them, when the
chips are down, are willing
to vote against such a
change? 1t is generally
agreed that not enough votes
can be found in the Senate
to support a majority vote
cloture rule. But how many
will support a three-fifths
rule is a whiting down
process - and the next drive
would be for a majority rule
to close debate.
This Is a serious question
for all the Senators-those
who are in the majority and
who another day may be in
the minority. 1t is certainly
a question for the Republi-
cans, who are in very much
minority in today's Senate.
For If they support a change
in the rules to give a ma
jority the right to shove
through legislation at will,
they may have many other
measures, economic and
otherwise, showed down their
throats. They should consid-
er that the Southerners may
someday become tired of
pulling the chestnuts out of
the fire, Many years ago
there was a full-fledged bar
on the House side of the Cap
itol. When the Anti-Saloon
League become powerful po-
litically, the House began
passing bills to abolish the
bar-relying on the Senate
to kill them, which it did.
One day, however, the Senate
shrugged its shoulders and
let the antibar bill 60
through. This drive Of the
drys lead ultimately to the
ohibition amendment,
which later still, an aroused
people repealed.
Evening star., 1963-01-17

award for that year for employe sugges-
tions and work improvement resulting
in operational savings of SIS million.
This may seem small sum compared
to that 1894 billion, but, more or less
as the old saying goes, take care of your
is millions and the billions will take
care of themselves" Fine work!
Evening star., 1963-01-17

More than a majority of
the individual Senator's are
content with the Senate rule
on closing debate. They be-
lieve that when a majority
of the Senate really favors a
resolution or a bill or a pres
idential appointment or a
two-thirds favors a treaty,
the necessary balloting will
take place, either with or
without the use of the
present cloture rule. Today
debate on proposed changes
in this rule is underway in
the Senate. One group is sup
porting majority vote to close
debate, another proposes a
compromise between the
present two-thirds rule and
a majority rule. The latter
group is supporting a three
fifths vote to invoke cloture.
Some Of the leaders are say
ing they believe the compro-
mise - the three -fifths clo-
ture vote - will win, pro-
vided 1t can be brought to a
vote. And yet, 1t is said, that
in this present fight to
change the rule, only the cru
saders (small groups on both
the Republican and DEM
ocratic sides of the aisle) are
really interested in a change;
that this indifference on the
part of a considerable num-
Der plus the strong opposi-
ton of others to any change
may result in no action.
What has begun as a de-
bate, If the fight to press
a vote on a change in the
cloture rule continues, is ex-
pected to develop into a full
fledged filibuster. The oppo-
nents Of any change in the
present cloture rule main
tain they are fighting for
freedom of debate in the
Senate and to preserve the
rights Of minorities. A fill
buster is only successful in
the Senate If a sufficient
number of Senators are will
ing to speak and hold the
floor indefinitely and so pre-
vent a vote. AS it happens to-
day the burden of the fill
buster is being thrust upon
the shoulders Of Senator
Richard Russell of Georgia
and the group of Southern
Senators. The attempt is be-
ing made to make civil rights
legislation the issue in this
rules fight. But it is not the
basic issue at all.
Earlier Filibusters
There have been many his
toric filibusters in the Sem
ate which had nothing to do
with civil rights - in fact
many more of them. They
have been battles to prevent
legislation which minorities
have strongly opposed - and,
in some cases, rightly op-
posed. These battles have
been waged by so-called
"progressives" against CON
servative" measures and vice
versa. One of the great
est filibusterers of them all
was the senior Senator Bob
La Toilette of Wisconsin-the
leading progressive in his
time - who established a
record of holding the floor
for l8 hours, seeking to talk
to death the Aldrich-Vreeland
banking bill which he be-
lieved gave too much advan-
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Stadium Riot Report

Nh w
The shocking details of the
Thanksgiving Day riot at
d. c. Stadium, the soon-to-
go investigative arrests, the
difficult -to-understand rea-
soning underlying our Gov
ernment's support and sane
ton of the U. N. action in
Katanga-what a sorry COL
lection of sins of omission
and sins of commission we
have lodged on our Nations
conscience! How can our law
abiding, tax-paying citizens
interpret or even pierce the
shroud Of our country's
thinking? Here, in our Ma
tion's Capital. a large per-
centage of our teen-agers
and young adults steal, as
sault, disrupt claSsrooms, in
cite riots = so lacking in
discipline and morality are
they. Yet, we close our eyes
to this mounting menace in
our own backyard and go
blithely forth to far off lands,
there to tell the ruler of a
province those with whom he
must feel rapport, those with
whom he must share his
provinces wealth. I thought
the days Of forced marriages
were long gone.
In the report on the sta
dium riot a police officer was
quoted as saying he recog-
nized known thugs" in un-
ruly groups. If those known
thugs" had been arrested for
investigation perhaps the riot
would have died aborning.
In our exercise over the
rights Of the undesirables, at
home and abroad, we sacri-
flee the rights of the starch
and fiber of our city, our
Nation, the world. With re-
spect to our city, must our
Commissioners strip the Po-
lice Department of its last
vestige of discretionary pow
er? They propose so to do.
'Tis said inveStigative arrests
are illegal. 1t is not unheard
of, however, that laws are
modified when such action
is deemed to be in the best
interests Of the majority.
On the other hand, what
is being done to steer the
youngsters through the mar
row gate, to safeguard them
from the taint of the known
thugs? Practically nothing.
Our time and money are con-
Sumed in deviSing means of
protecting the known thugs"
assuring them Of their con-
stitutional rights. Fhe back
wash Of this strange, twisted
rationale Is that the law
abiding residents of the Dis
trict walk the streets in fear,
pondering the decline of our
country's moral foundations,
wondering who will guide our
Nation a generation hence II
the climate Of our todays
presages the harvest Of our
tomorrows.
Lucille Raiche.
-
The report which DR.. Shane
MacCarthy and his commit
tee submitted to the Com
missioners and to the public
was most gratifying. 1t
showed keen insight and per-
ception on the part of DR..
MacCarthy and all the COM
mittee members, and ii would
seem that a vote of thanks
and hearty congratulations
are in order for each Of them.
They have performed an out
standing service TO the COM
munity in general and we the
students in particular. More
over, this was done at no
advantage 10 themselves.
Their only motives seem to
have been Christian charity
and concern for their fellow
man.
speak for the Gonzaga
student body and, / feel sure.
for all the students concerned
In this matter when / COM
mend this committee and of
fer them as proof that the
citizens OF Washington can,
by determination and vigor.
cope with any crisis which
arises.
Thomas Y. Lugenbeel,
President, Student Council,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

and Death. Then, in the seventh grade
we had a man teacher. Men are some
thing to be coveted in schools, there
are so few of them, but this man had
shortcomings. He was weak, and some
times unfair. began testing my mettle,
and my Honor, by batting him. remem-
Der Spell-down. There were five of us
who were invariably the last to be
spelled down. In this SpelldOwn one
of us five (not me, but don't think it
would have mattered, was so bound
to Principle) was given a second
chance on a hard word. The next word
was given to girl who failed and was
asked to sit down. spoke up loud and
clear. If one girl was given second
chance, sang out, why not another?
Was this favoritism? asked. don't re-
member what happened next. l have
the feeling that my blood pressure
must have scared, that I felt had
scored victory for Honor. Yet there
was something hollow in the victory.
That teacher didn't come back the fol-
lowing year. He was drafted into the
army and later heard he had become
a spy. wondered what kind of spy he
would make, he had so little sense of
Honor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

at least my parents thought I was not;
yet l could never bring myself to talk
about this incident. 1t taught me to
keep my thoughts to myself, in school
and Out-fOr few years at least.
The next traumatic occurrence was
in the fourth grade, l had the same
teacher for the third and fourth grades,
a charming young woman from Ken
lucky who taught us to say "zeerO" and
who pronounced cant" to rhyme with
"ain't." We found this quaint and low
able. My only regret is that she did not
protect me from feeling of guilt an
other teacher caused me to have and
which bore for many years to come.
This is what happened:
Our class had geography with the
fifth grade teacher, Miss Hitchings.
She was nice, though made of sterner
stuff than our own teacher. She was
also less interesting. Her worst fault,
as far as was concerned, was that she
never called on children she thought
knew the answers. fell in that cate
CORY. There ceased to be any point in
following the recitation. One day,
bored to distraction, began expert
menting with writing upside down, and
then backwards. To do this properly
had to put the paper up to the light to
read it. wrote, Il hate Miss Hitchings,"
holding my paper up to the window
after each word. When had finished,
Miss Hitchings walked around the
room, wastebaSket in hand, and asked
me to drop my paper into it. did, and
promptly forgot it. Actually, I rather
liked her.
Later, when we were buSily doing
arithmetic in our own room, Miss
HitchingS came to the door. She talked
first to our teacher, and then l was
asked to 60 out of the room. Miss Hitch
ingS confronted me with my evil ex-
pertinent in mirror writing. Hardly
believing that she could have taken my
words seriously, stammered out some
sort of apology. She said she could not
accept it just then. must come to her
later. Again tried to apologize, but to
no avail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

1he next year Miss. Hitchings was
our teacher in the fifth grade, but the
time never came when could make
my formal apology. l kept putting it
off, broOding over it the while, till Miss
Hitchings married and moved away.
Not till much later did find the cour-
age to confess my burden, under sworn
secrecy, to my closest friend. Perhaps
if were now to undergo pSychoanaly-
sis this childhood episode would take
up a session or two. still consider it
unfinished business. But have
learned to live with it.
remember little about the sixth
grade but I recall that about that time
I became a Girl Scout, and Scottish
Chiefs" was one of my favorite books.
Honor was more important than Life
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

IL entered the eighth grade plan.
ming to WOW the teacher. We were the
oldest class in the school, and had
gained reputation for unrulinesS. Our
teacher was new, and wouldn't know
the ropes. We were very sure of our
selves. The first day l sat in the back
row, in the seat nearest the door. When
we saw that she was a woman, and
pretty, we knew that the year would be
ours What we hadn't counted on was
that she had a firm will, soft but clear
voice, and lot of common sense. She
also liked to laugh. She recognized the
ringleaders Immediately and moved
US all up to the front row. From then on
we ate out of her hand. Without trauma
she taught US all the things we had
missed in the previous two years, and
a lot more. At the end of the year,
though we were impatient to graduate,
we shed a tear at leaving this teacher.
The last year in grade school had been
as good as the first.
Some of the teachers l knew in
that school and later in high school and
college taught well with comparatively
little knowledge of their subjects;
others taught badly with a great deal of
knowledge. Everywhere there must be
teachers who are friendly and cheer
full, honorable and kind. They are we'll
versed in the things they are trying to
teach, and they inspire each member
of their class to reach out for more and
more and more knowledge. All schools
have at least one such teacher. Some
times, perhaps, they can even teach
without causing trauma, although, as
the Greeks said, "A man that's never
been beaten cannot be educated"*
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

MAGAZINE WASHINGTON STAR. AUGUST IS. 1858
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-06
SATURDAY. JULY 6. 1868

other -conformists as Ilya Ehren-
burg and Yevgeny Yevtushenko on the
SidelineS of Soviet Journalism.
Other signs of cultural rebellion
are seen in Poland. There, too, leaders
are grumbling that writer's and those
engaged in theater, radio, television
and press are not hewing closely enough
to the party line. Said Party Secretary
Ryszard Strzelecki: "The problem is all
the more important since the hostile
centers of imperialism are not sparing
financial OUTLAWS to poison our life and
retard the maturing of our society by
various methods"
The idea that the West is somehow
responsible for all these interesting
developments is Of course gross over
Simplification of the Kremlin'S problem.
Their society is indeed maturing, in the
sense that it is becoming too sophiSti-
Gated to stomach solid diet of MarxiSm.
Mr.. Khrushchev, obviously aware of this,
has vacillated between easing up on re-
StrictionS and cracking down again when
things threaten to get out Of hand. The
significant point is that Soviet intellec-
tuals do not seem particularly awed, at
present, by the governments power. The
situation is worth watching.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-06
A Mass Demonstration?

Leaders of seven Negro groups, in
Guiding the NAACP, have set August %
as the date for massive march in or
on Washington. There is no question Of
their right to do this. What is question
able is the wisdom of the thing.
Recently there has been a more
moderate tone in the comments by lead
ers Of this projected march. A few days
ago one spokesman was threatening
wave after wave of sit-ins in Congress.
The Reverend Martin Luther King is
quoted now as saying that there will
be no Sit-inS at the Capitol. This is
sensible. In the first place, Sit-inS
ought not to be permitted and, secondly,
there could be no Surer way of killing
the prospects for a civil rights bill.
Dr.. King also is reported to have said
that 1--WE have the machinery that
will control the demonstration" so that
mo acts that could be considered civil
disobedience will occur" 1t is to be
hoped that DR.. King is right, but when
1t comes to controlling the actions Of
100000 or more demonstrators there
remains the distinct and dangerous
possibility that he is not justified in
giving such assurances. This danger
surely is not minimized by the disgrace
full performance in Chicago this week
at the NAACP meeting.
The District of Columbia branch Of
the NAACP is headed by the Reverend
E. Franklin Jackson. He has expressed
the hope that civil rights legislative
convention, to be convened in Washing
ton August through 8, could serve as a
substitute for the proposed mass march.
This suggestion has much merit, eSpe-
cially since the intention is that indi-
vidualS attending the convention will
make personal visits to their Congress
men to urge favorable action on the
civil rights bill. This makes more sense
and might produce greater results than
walking around the streets on a prob
ably bliStering day in late August. But
there is one hitch. The August 6-8
session is planned as an exclusively
NAACP affair. Why not invite repre-
SentativeS Of the other groups to par
ticipate?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-06
A Deed Most Foul

At a time when the baseballing
Senators are driving for an all-time
losing record, this history making feat
may be obscured by something much
grimmer. Our fans are Injured to and
even look forward to midsummer losing
Streaks. But the whole city is shaken
by the new signs at D. c. Stadium which
read: "Hot Dogs-30 cents"
Repeat that slowly and reflect on
its import. Here, in one damning price
tag, is an indictment Of everything that
has gone wrong in this country. An
American institution, the common de-
nominator Of democracy, has been over
taken by the trends which first kayoed
the good scent cigar and since, inch
by inch, have eroded those things we
hold most dear.
Two-bits seemed an awful price to
pay for this commodity which is as
necessary to us as the air we breathe.
But we could live with It, Now, 80 cents!
The common hot dog is luxury item;
maybe they should put 10 per cent
tax on it, too. Do you realize how many
hot dogs were turned out last year2
One billion, six hundred million. That
figures out, they tell us, to six pounds
per person. What has happened to low
cost mass production2
In the memory Of such gourmets
as Babe Ruth, who devoured IL dogs
land got terrible stomach-ache be-
tween double-header games), the 30
cent hot dog is a shame and disgrace.
In the name Of humorist Tad Dorgan,
who supposedly exclaimed Hot dog!"
on eating his first frankfurter sand
wich, thus immortalizing the title, 1t
is travesty on the so-called good and
simple life. Coney Island, first home
Of the dog (lS71), must be hanging
It's head in shame and disbelief. There
will be no Joy in d. G. Stadium. Free
enterprise has struck out.