davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-27

says the master plan" calls for
a series Of attacks in rapid sue
cession. 1t envisages first wave
Of attack by ICBMs fired from
secret launching sites behind the
Iron Curtain. This, however, al
though of strategic Importance, is
planned merely as a major di-
versionary move.
The knockout blow is reserved
for a second wave Of missile
borne attacks, to be launched
from a fleet of Soviet submarines
deployed at their stations we'll in
advance off the east and west
coasts Of America.
Technical and tactical develop
ments have turned the modern
submarine into the most formi-
dable Of all weapons of attack,
and this fact, added to our past
experience In the Atlantic and the
Pacific, should incite us to create
the means of countering the dan
ger How does the United States
Navy face up to this threat?
Evening star., 1963-01-27

them were Associate Justice Of
the Supreme Court William o.
Douglas. the Ambassador of Swe-
den. His Excellency Gunnar Jar
ring. Mark Van Doren. the Hon.
orable August Heckscher (who
read a message from the Presi-
dent Of the United States), John
Steinbeck, Malcolm Cowley, and
Capt. Edward Steichen.
The object Of honor. when his
turn came, made grateful
acknowledgment: "I don't
know" he said. when I have had
an evening that has sunk so deep
In my heart"
He then read with sonorous
perfection the poem which gave
its title TO the latest Sandburg
first edition.
The festivities ended in song
a song from the Incompatible
voice Of Mahalia Jackson. Among
the 200 guests who gave a standing
ovation 10 him who has been called
"the last Of the troubadours" were
the Librarian Of Congress, l..
Quincy Mumford: this reporter;
and Mrs. David G. Mearns. II has
been suggested that the 1878 cele-
bration should be held In WASH
lngton.-David c. Mearns In the
Information Bulletin Of the Library
Of Congress.
Evening star., 1963-01-27

Martha Dodd. The Searching
Light
William Faulkner. Seven Stories.
Ernest Hemingway. Get a See
ing-Eye Dog (short story and
The Old Man and the Sea.
Langston Hughes, Trouble with
the Angels.
Felix Jackson. So Help Me God.
John o. Killens, YOungblOOd.
Sinclair Lewis. KlngsblOOd Roy
al.
Albert Maltz. A Long Day In .
Short Life.
Dexter Masters. The Accident.
William Saroyan. Adventures Of
Wesley Jackson.
Alexander P. saxton. The Great
Midland.
John Steinbeck, The Pearl.
Robert Sylvester. The Second
Oldest Profession.
John Weaver, Another Such
Victory.
Mitchell Wilson. My Brother,
My Enemy; Davy Mallory; and
Live with Lighting.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Soviet Idea of Our Best Writers

Seven United States librari-
ans toured the Soviet Union in
the spring Of 1861 studying ev-
cry phase Of Russian library
work, from services 10 readers
TO autOmatiOn In the buildings.
Their report was published last
week, written by Melville J.
Ruggles, OF Washington, vice
president Of the Council on Ii
brary Resources. Inc. Ruther-
ford d. Rogers, deputy librarian
OF Congress, was also in the
delegation.
This is an excerpt from the
report issued by the American
Library Association Publishing
Department, l47, paperbound.
81.
The delegates were In no posi-
ton 10 Judge how successful book
selection practices (by libraries)
we're In terms OF the policies they
were intended TO serve. They knew
too little about the policies and
saw too little OF the collections. as
they rushed from library TO IL
Evening star., 1963-01-27

brary. to evaluate practice against
policy In any event.
In only one narrow field OF lit
erature we're they able to draw
conclusions Of which they could
be confident. The selection Of
translated works of American
novelists. Here they found bellies
lettres of the United States Pc
culiarly misrepresented. For ex-
ample, the Moscow City Library
issued a recommended reading list
Of American prose works as a
guide TO It's own readers and 10
smaller libraries. A preface stat
ed that II contained "the most
important literary products OF the
United States Of America pub
lished after the Second World
War" and told the reader that by
using this list he could become
acquainted with modern Ameri-
can literature. This list, In its
entirety. follows:
Robert Bowen, Matter Of Price.
Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451
Lloyd L. Brown, Iron City.
Erskine Caldwell. Gulf Coast
Stories and Tales and Stories.
Jay Deiss, A Washington Story
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Reduced Power Navy

Today the Navy has fewer than
900 ships, compared with 5000 at
the end Of World War II. 1t en-
ploys only about 100000 officers
and men, less than one-fourth of
its strength 20 years ago. The
active fleet consists of attack car
riers, ASW carriers, destroyer
types, amphibious lift for assault
elements, submarines and ballis-
tic-missile submarines.
This is the Navy that must per-
form the most difficult dual task
any military organization ever
faced In history. On the one
hand, 1t must develop and sustain
the offensive power this country
must have at sea to assure its
survival in any contingency. On
the other hand, 1t must organize
and support a defensive program
to prevent the enemy from ever
mounting a strategic attack on the
United States or from interfering
with the sea communications OF
this country.
AS a result, the foremost mill
tary truism of today is that the
power which has the advantage in
this interplay is the power that is
likely to win. The question is,
which power has this advantage2
While the offensive power of the
United States Navy's submarine
effort is second to none, and is
bound to improve still further, so
vastly and rapidly. indeed. that
neither friend or foe will be able
to catch 1p with 1t and overtake
it, the defensive power packed into
its antisubmarine warfare effort
Evening star., 1963-01-27
A Birthday Celebration

The place was the Jade and
Basildon suite in New York's Wal
dorf-Astoria. The date was. as 1t
had TO be. January 8. 1868. The
host was William Jovanovich,
president of Harcourt, Brace a.
World. The occasion was the 85th
birthday Of the man with the
festooned lock and the abundant
virtuosity and the imperishable
achievement: Carl Sandburg. BY
q strange coincidence, II marked,
In addition, the appearance of a
new book Of poems, or, perhaps.
better. q book Of new poems,
Honey and Salt.
The exercises opened at 7
o'clock, with a rhapsody composed
for many glasses. This ended on
a magnificent crescendo. Then
came an elegant repast. When
the last dish had been cleared
away, the vocal proceedings be-
gan. Master of ceremonies was
that arch enemy Of exalted en-
nui, the trite trippe, the stilted
Stilton: Herbert Crafts. Exactly
10 years before, he had given q
comparable performance on q
snowy evening at Chicago's Black
stone. One by one he called upon
the payers Of tribute, who
delightedly forked over; among
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Into High Geor

Then, however, the project VENT
into high gear, was adopted as a,
system after all, a Texas tower,
type structure was constructed off
Bermuda to serve as a relay point
between several Artemis ships.
Then conversion of other ships
began to accommodate additional
transducers which are. In fact,
underwater radar sets, each five
stories high and weighing hum
dreds of tons. The Importance of
this project is comparable to that.
of the Polaris. In the interplay
of measures and countermeasures
it may tip the balance in favor
of the United States.
However, it is only a step to-
ward better ocean surveillance
and not a tangible weapon the
combat elements of the United
States Navy can use, right now,
to hunt and kill hostile sub
marines. The forces afloat-the
so-called action agents of the
vast ASW activity-are full Of
complaints on this score. Their
accredited spokesmen are flag Of
ficers. but junior officers can
also be heard In their exaspera-
ton with the patent inadequacies
of practical ASW.
The detection problem Is the
Alpha and Omega of the anti
submarine warfare effort, but as
Of now, 1t is nowhere near solu-
ton.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
MISSILES w~TMmSgH%o mSgH%o%% ''
Soviet Submarines An Ever-Present Threat

tvs Hudson laboratory as the
chief contractor. 1t is a fascinat-
ing project whose basic secret
was borrowed from the Dolphin.
Scientists in California and
Florida discovered that the DOL
phin navigated at night by "ra-
dar" and also found his food by
it. 1t was constantly sending out
pulses through the sea and was
receiving echoes which it was
constantly evaluating. This DOL
phin radar" was found to be op-
Grating on a wave length higher
than sound but lower than stand
ard band radio. The application
of the Dolphin's very low fire.
quency then produced the Ar
tennis.
However, the bare chronology
of this program illustrates how
long it takes to develop even such
a crucial project, or even how
long it takes Just to find out
whether it would make a system.
The program began in earnest in
November, 1858, with the meas
urements of sound, and contin-
ued in March, 1859, with th9
analysis of pertinent data OBJ
tanned from TINT shots. The
sound source trials were repeated
in July, 1859; and in January,
1860, work began on the conver-
sion of a tanker, the USNS Mis-
sion Capistrano, designated as the
first Artemis vehicle.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
De GouIIe's Logic

Even President de Gaulle, con-
sidered the epitome of French
logic, could not be said to have
followed a wholly purposeful
course.
His effort to stiffen the bar
gaining position Of the Euro
pean six" vis-a-vis Britain in
the Common Market negotiations
had had the opposite effect Of
softening up his own partners. He
brought to the surface their eager
ness to have Britain join.
Paradoxically, too. Gen. de
Gaulle's opposition to an inte-
grated atomic striking force for
NATO was making the proposal
no less, and probably somewhat
more, attractive to Italy. West
Germany, and others.
There seemed to be no limit
to the curious contradictions. The
same five European countries
which vigorously sought British
economic integration with the
continent, disputing France, were
also aiming over the longer run
at political unity In European
objective which would be vastly
more difficult. though no doubt
more rewarding, with Britain par
ticipating. Britain and France
prefer to go slow on political uni
fication.
Perhaps illogic, inconsistency,
and irrational behavior are in
evitable, given the world as 1t is.
international politics is not an
algebraic equation. Moreover,
some Of the illogic is more ap-
parent than real.
But U. N. people may perhaps
be forgiven a bit of head-shaking.
They thought there could never
be anything quite like the Congo.
But that problem - with all its
complexities, its contradictions,
and its mercurial changes-never-
theless had an underlying sim
plicity that was sometimes al
most child-like.
Is the rest Of the world simply
a much more sophisticated
Congo?
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Lessons Of World War II

Nest Of the Navy's established
antisubmarine strategy and most
of its arsenal are derived from
the victorious lessons and weap-
onry of World War II. In both
cases. this is a liability rather
than an asset.
The weapons are, of course,
better than their World War II
ancestors in most cases. Our
homing torpedoes are more effec-
tive, the flying arm of the fleet
is more sophisticated, and detec-
ton devices have been beefed up
to provide greater range.
The billions Of dollars the Navy
spent since 1852 on ASW develop
ment have thus produced some
progress, to be sure, but nothing
spectacular occurred to justify
the optimism frequently voiced
by the Navy's ASW specialists.
Listening to them as they claim
100 per cent reliability" you
would think ASW ceased to be a
problem. But most of the time,
they are referring to research
and almost invariably to research
accomplishments.
The American ASW effort is
thus made to look "awfully good"
and is supposed to give the ASW
forces afloat or in the air "a
much greater capability." The
trouble is that not enough Of the
research accomplishments is
translated into operational weap-
ons, and only relatively few of
the latter are in the hands of
combat units.
While the United States is thus
made to appear safe behind a
fantastic shield of ASW weapons,
actually it is wide open and vul-
nerable because most of thoe
weapons are still in the research
and development stage. Nobody
processes to know when they will
become available for operational
use and whether they will work
or not.
The Navy's major effort in
ocean surveillance is the Artemis
project, originally proposed by
DR.. Frederick v. Hunt. the world
famous Harvard physicist. DR..
Hunt propounded the theory that
water as we'll as air could con-
duct radar waves. The theory was
turned over to some 80 scientific
groups with Columbia Universi-
Evening star., 1963-01-27

negotiations, but only one wage
settlement dictated by an Arbi-
tration Court.
That was in 1941. when the
price index had risen 26 points,
from l78 to 204. in about a year.
At the same time newspaper pub
fishers faced unfavorable times.
Advertising receipts were de-
creasing.
Compositors demanded a SIS
per cent raise in wages. The news
papers refused, partly because
other trades had got only a "a
per cent raise.
The Court Of Arbitration first
tried to persuade the two sides
TO return to the bargaining table
and settle 1t themselves. When
this failed the Court decided on
Evening star., 1963-01-27
ExpendobIe Angle

Interpreters Of these strategic
speculations believe that the Rus
slams consider their long-range
submarines as fully expendable at
the outset of the war. An indica-
ton of this is said to be the pres
ence of a large number of only
moderately trained submarines in
the Red Fleet, presumably to COM
mence hostilities with a strategic
attack even though they are like
ly to perish in the process, much
in the manner of a reckless gam
bier who will risk all he has on
a quick gain.
Those analysts who expect the
showdown to come with Red
sneak attack assume that the So
Wet leadership has a master
plan" to foil United States retail
atory power. According to them,
the submarine plays the domi-
nant and decisive part in that
master plan"
The same school Of analysts
Evening star., 1963-01-27
installation Completed

The installation of the receiver
modules was completed In Octo-
ber, 1860, and the tanker's con-
version was finished in April,
1861, when the extremely high
powered transducer was first low
cred through her bottom into the.
water. Experiments continued
through 1861, in a most cautious
manner because the Artemia
needed electric power enough to
light and heat a city of $4,000,
and nobody knew what would
happen when all this power was
put in the water.
Even in 1861, although ArtemiS
had picked up everything that
moved beneath the surface Of the
sea for 500 miles," it was only
an exploratory development. as
Vice Admiral John T. Hayward
called it, and not system. I'VE
do not know enough about It,"
he said, land all this program
was meant to do was to test the
feasibility Of detection Of sub
marines at hundreds of miles by
use of sonar. There is not suf-
ficient technical information to-,
day for anyone to say that We
should make a system out Of
this"
Evening star., 1963-01-27

marine defense, testing the detec-
ton and tracking proficiency Of
the United States Navy's Goblin
Hunters"
Although close contacts are
rare, Soviet submarines are fire.
quently tracked and even harassed
on their ocean prowls. When an
object is identified as q nom
NATO submarine in waters close
to the American shore, a mock
action ensues with much of the
sound and fury of a real engage
ment. The spot is marked with
smoke bombs, and surplus depth
charges are dropped at a safe dis
tance. not to do any real harm,
but to prod the intruder to move
out Of shoal water into the ocean
sea.
international waters are free for
all, and the Russians have as
much right as anybody else to
prowl about In them. However, the
presence Of the big new Soviet
submarines in distant ocean areas
clearly indicates that the strategic
concept of the Red undersea fleet
is no longer continental and de-
fensiye, but global and offensive.
According to Raymond L. Garth
off, an eminent American student
of Soviet strategy in the nuclear
age, there are two roles specifi-
cally reserved for the long-range
Soviet submarines. One is the neu-
tralization Of the enemy's naval
and marine transport capability.
The other is strategic striking
power used against the enemy's
military forces and installations,
and his military industry.
Evening star., 1963-01-27

a wage increase of 3.5 per cent.
Both sides accepted the decision.
In July l949, when the pub
fishers and compositors reached
one Of their periodic agreements
for a five-year contract, the two
sides issued an unusual Joint
theological statement:
"A free democratic forming Of
opinion is a part Of the founda-
tions Of society. BY prolonging
the collective peace agreement
the two parties have wished to
make their contribution to a de-
velopment Of such a nature that
no impediment to the free word
is raised by conflicts within that
part Of the graphic agreements
sphere represented by the parties.
Although the prolongation is lin
tied in time. the parties hope
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Sweden Has Plan to Prevent Newspaper Strikes

that this scheme may become
permanent"
There were some special con-
ditions in Sweden to make the
unique agreement possible.
Printers working for newspap-
ers were separated from other
printers. from Job printers and
others not working on news
papers.
Both sides were swayed rather
more by theological considera-
tions than either employers or
employees normally are in the
United States.
In Sweden. the concept is al
ready we'll along that newspapers
are a special kind Of public util-
ity which should not be allowed
to suspend its service to the
people.
Evening star., 1963-01-27

rights but responsibilities. The
most important responsibility, 1t
was said. is that newspaper pub
fishers had not only the right
but also the duty to furnish the
public with newspapers.
In consequence, stoppage Of
newspaper publication, either
through lockout by the publish
ers or through strikes by the EN-
ployes, was a violation Of the
Swedish constitution, which also
guarantees freedom Of the press.
On this basis labor and man.
agement made these decisions:
Unions would withdraw from
their labor associations. broadly
Evening star., 1963-01-27
BY EARL H, VOSS
Star staff Writer

Sweden has struck upon Q
unique formula for labor peace
in the newspaper business. Since
1897 newspapers have been COM
ing out regularly. without missing
an edition.
The labor management agree
ment which ended the strike
threats and assured the survival
Of newspapers is rooted in the
principle Of freedom Of the press.
Freedom Of the press, the
Swedes decided, confers not only
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Only Twice in rs Yeors

The Arbitration Court has been
convened only twice In more than
25 years.
on one occasion no award was
handed down. The dispute was
referred back 10 the negotiators
and a settlement was reached.
There have been many wage
Evening star., 1963-01-27

1t could subject Peking to severe
neutralist pressure.
Red China itself was acting
curiously. Having urged the East
German Party Congress to adopt
a forward-thrusting program,
Peking proceeded to acquiesce in
principle in a neutralist truce
plan for the India border war
which met many If not most Of
India's essential requirements.
Peking seemed ready and even
eager to extricate herself from
her forward-thrusting adventure
in India.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Fear Of Concessions

But the fact remains, in the
view of experts here, that the
United States missed the boat in
1859. Again, part Of the explana~
ton was fear Of making "con-
cessions" to the Russians, what
ever the compensating reward.
part, too, was Difference to
France - which Washington no
longer feels obliged to pay)
Soviet Premier KhruShchev him.
self INDUCED in some inconsistent
If not illogical, behavior last week.
He had Just proposed a truce
in the bitter internecine struggle
between Russia and Red China.
But his negotiators In Washing
ton seemed seriously prepared to
consider a step-the banning of
nuclear testing-which was con-
trary to Red China's interests
and which seemed certain to pro-
woke a furious Chinese reaction.
A test ban would make 1t more
costly politically for the Red Chi
nese to conduct the test series
they apparently are envisaging.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
How Much of q Threat?

That Soviet sea power is a
strategic threat to the worlds
oceanic powers is dramatized al
most daily in the United States
Navy's big ASW plotting room at
Norfolk, Va, where black dia-
mond shaped markers indicate
the "goblins" on a wall-to-wall
map. They are Soviet submarines
presumed to be at large In spe-
cific ocean areas.
During one recent six-month
period. the plotting board showed
1876 separate reports of what
may have been Soviet subs." ap-
parently probing American sub
Evening star., 1963-01-27

Should World War III break
out, the main Soviet holocaust
may be directed at the United
States not from the skies, but
frOlss the sea. 1t IL against
these H-bOmb = carrying sub
marines, right off our coasts,
that America is least prepared.
This Is an article by the former
Chief Of Research and Planning,
United States Naval Intelli-
gence, whose warnings on the
Soviet sub menace have caused
a controversy In Defense De-
partment circles. The articles
are excepted from his new
book, "The Tenth Fleet" (Ivan
Obolensky, Inc.)
Evening star., 1963-01-27

equivalent to the AFL-CIO here.
Publishers would withdraw
from their employer associations.
Unions would pledge not to
strike.
Publishers would pledge not to
lock out their employees.
Disputes would be settled by
arbitration.
The first general agreement,
signed December /. 1897, was
called the Collective Main Agree
ment between the Newspaper Pro-
prietors' and the Swedish Com
positors' Union for Typographical
Workers" 1t was to be valid for
ten years. until June 80. 1948
photographers, distributors and
other unions later Joined. Writers
had long been In a guild which
traditionally did not strike)
Evening star., 1963-01-27
No-Strike Pledge

No-Strike Pledge
Article I OF the agreement
states: Lockout, strike, boycott,
or blockade, whether yelled or
open. shall not take place at the
plants Of employers who are
members Of the Newspaper Pro-
prietors' Association. in connec-
ton with personnel belonging to
the Swedish Compositors' Union"
Article III states: "If at nego-
tiations during the period OF va
lidity Of this general agreement
disputes arise concerning new
collective agreements. an impair
tial chairman conversant with
conciliation negotiations. and APP
pointed by one Of the parties,
shall attempt in every way pos
sible TO bring about agreement
between the negotiators. The
chairman shall refer any unset
tied dispute 10 the Arbitration
Court mentioned in Article ~ for
decision"
Article ~: "The Arbitration
Court referred 10 In Article III
shall be permanent and consist
Of three impartial persons con-
versant with Cancellation and
wage negotiations picked
jointly ..
when trying disputes referred