davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
BY d. HAROLD OLIVER
Contributing Writer

One Of the most thumbed refer
ence books in Washington is due
off the Government Printing Of
flee presses near the end Of this
month.
It is the 1868 annual Congress
sional Directory, a popular blue
bound volume nearly 1000 pages
long, richly historical in descrip-
tive and statistical data a bout
Congress since the first session
in 1889.
The Directory is not q best
seller" in the ordinary sense Of
the term but Superintendent Of
Public Documents Carper w.
Buckley says:
II consider 1t among the most
popular Of public documents. In
addition to its wide use in Govern
ment, it Is In increasing demand
every year from the public"
Several public documents far
outsell the Directory. (such as in
structions on infant care and the
income taxi but there is no true
comparison because the latter fall
into the category Of documents
far less in price and with a more
general need to fill.
The GPO says $3.50 copies Of
the 1852 Directory were printed,
Of which 1924 were sold to the
public. including news media. The
latter figure includes 1909 copies
Of the regular edition at $2.75
and 4,235 of the thumb-indexed
edition at $3.50 each.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
The Indispensable Book in Washington

son and sedition in 1898 in hav-
ing plotted to aid Great Britain
in wrestling Florida and the Lou
isiana territory from Spain. The
Senate had expelled Blount by q
IS to / vote q year and a half
earlier. In view Of that the Inn
parchment was dismissed for want
Of Jurisdiction.
The only cabinet officer ever
impeached was Secretary Of War
William w. Belknap. The House
accused him in 1876 Of having ae-
cepted brides. He was acquitted.
Lost impeachment Trial
The last impeachment trial in
the Senate was in 1886. 1t was
that Of Federal District Judge
Halsted L. Ritter of Florida.
Charged with unethical trans
actions relating to court fees, he
was acquitted on six counts, but
found guilty on one count by an
exact two-thirds vote, 56 to 20,
and removed from office but not
disqualified from holding further
office. Ar.t
An impeachment trial is a dra-
matte affair with some of the
courtroom sirnilarities. Instead of
sitting In their chairs and voting
AYE" or mo" as on bills, the
Senators stand up and intone the
words guilty" or mot guilty"
A list Of State Governors ana
their politics, also In the Stats
teal section Of the Directory, Is
full Of interesting footnote data.
For example, 1t is shown that is
Governors cannot succeed them
selves under State law, 10 may
serve only two consecutive terms,
and rs are not limited as to serv-
ice except by the viii of the
voters.
Governor salaries range from
$4,000 a year in Maine and
North Dakota to $4,000 in New
York. Thirty-five Governors are
provided with executive mansions
and funds for maintenance and
expenses. Others are either fur
nished mansions without the ex-
pense fund or are allowed only
nominal expenses without man
sions.
A history Of the Capitol Build
ing and its five office buildings,
including the nearly completed
Rayburn Building on the House
side. Is carried over into the new
Directory, as is a history Of the
District of Columbia form Of
Government.
Biographies Of the newest
members Of the Supreme Court
will be In the new Directory,
along with updated names of Of
ficials Of the White House and
its six agencies; 10 Government
departments, and So independent
agencies.
The latter range from the huge
spending Atomic Energy Commits.
sion and National Aeronautical
and Space Administration to the
little known Congressional Club.
The latter comprises about 500
wives Of legislators who engage
In social, educational and first
aid activity and issue their own
yearbook. i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Some By-PIoy

Last week, as the @. o. P. con-
gressional leaders announced they
would seek reductions in spending
which they hope will take S. bill
lion out Of the 1888 billion Fed
eral budget this year, the Presi-
dent and his Democratic legisla-
tive chieftains endeavored TO pro-
woke their opponents into reveal
ing their plans.
Mr.. Kennedy said, In effect,
that we obviously cannot cut the
defense and space programs to
any degree lest we wind up
"second-best" in these areas.
Then, in remarks at his news
conference. he added:
Now. in addition to that, it
has been suggested that we cut
school lunches. we cut aid to de-
pendent children.
II want to see these In more
detail. think we have been gen.
eralizing enough"
Speaker Mccormack and SEN
ate Majority Leader Mansfield
also demanded details. saying
that the Republicans were resort
ing to wild claims" and bonn
bast" in waging war on the budg-
ct. And Senator Humphrey OF
Minnesota showed that he is no
SLOUGH as q politician when he
said:
IF they (the Republicans
want TO come out against people,
that's their privilege"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Dirksen Plans

Senator Republican Leader
Dirksen later In the week gave
the Democrats a little peak at
O. o. p. plans. He said in an
interview:
I'VE must prevent some Of the
built-in increases that are repre-
sented in the Presidents program
by minimum budget figures this
year but which would grow into
large expenditures in the next
couple OF years"
He declared that the first two
O. o. p. targets would be bills TO
provide for coordination and de-
velopment OF State Federal out
door recreation programs and TO
establish youth employment
corps.
But n the Republicans we're
stingy with details OF their budg-
et-cutting plans, Senator Robert
son. Democrat Of Virginia, Chair
man Of the Banking Committee
and a senior member OF Appro-
priations. accepted the Kennedy
challenge. He told precisely how
the Senate should. In his opinion,
cut SO billion from the fiscal 1854
budget.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Roads Position

The railroads want to negotiate
on the basis Of the recommended
tons Of the Presidents special
study board. The unions earlier
rejected these proposals, which
would lead to the elimination Of
some $1,000 jobs, 10000 Of which
involve firemen aboard diesel
electric engines. About $4,000 fire
men would be released within q
year and given three years pay.
The remaining $1,000 firemen
would be permitted TO work until
retirement. They would not be
replaced. nor would any who died
before retirement.
In the event the new negotia-
tons break down and the unions
call a strike, the President could,
under the Railway Labor Act, ap-
point an emergency board to
study the dispute. This would
force a 60-day postponement OF
the walkout. Congress could also
act during this time and enact
special legislation for compulsory
arbitration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

for Mr.. Powell's committee for
l963-began on the House floor.
the New Yorker was not there.
He was reported to be suffering
the Asian flu In Puerto Rico,
where he and his wife have a
beach house.
Forty-five minutes later, with
nary a Democrat rising to defend
Mr.. Powell, the House clipped his
wings 'in absentia."
BY an apparently unanimous
voice vote-reporters could hear
no dissents-it approved the
5000. 900 resolution. What is more,
1t voted that $4,000 of the sum
should be split equally among the
six Education and Labor Sub
committees. This left $780, I'M
der Mr.. Powell's direct control
for the full committee.
Some observers saw the House
action as more than q slap at
Mr.. Powell. They contend that 1t
is another indication Of the
chambers determination to cut
operating expenses and improve
Its housekeeping.
In support Of the contention.
1t was recalled that the House
earlier this year voted TO restrict
foreign travel by Its members and
staff employees and to permit only
a handful of committees TO use
American-owned foreign curren-
cies (the counterpart funds) for
expenses abroad. The House also
voted TO tighten allotments for
monies for committee investiga-
lions and study programs and TO
exercise a stricter control TO avert
Implications in investigations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Budget:
Fight Starts

Republican congressional
leaders last week declared their
intention TO cut Federal spend
ing hard and drew a challenge
from the President TO pinpoint
the programs they would re-
duce.
One OF the aspects OF President
Kennedy's proposed tax-cut leg
islation which strikes fiscal con-
servatives on their most tender
philosophical point is the idea Of
deliberately reducing revenues in
the face OF an already testimated)
huge deficit.
Accordingly, there Is In Con-
gress a move afoot 10 try u cut
substantially the Administrations
spending plans. The would-be
budget cutters are principally Re-
publicans. although many power
ful Democrats have voiced the
same determination.
The Republicans-and their
mail apparently has told them
they are on the right track-see
an important political issue de-
veloping over budget deficits and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

ton improved each party and
meant that South Dakota's repre-
sentatives in Congress would be
more responsive to the States
needs"
At the completion Of his second
term in the House, where he
fought vigorously for agricultural
reform, Mr.. McGovern decided in
1860 to enter the Senatorial con-
test against Senator Karl Mundt.
He was defeated in q Nixon State
wide landslide carrying the entire
Republican ticket. Observers at
tributed his defeat largely to voter
uneasiness over the prospects Of
q Catholic President. Whereas Mr..
Nixon won by 50,347 votes, Sen
ator Mundt received only 1920
more votes than Mr.. McGovern.
Food for Peoce Job
For two years Mr.. McGovern
served as Director Of Food-for-
Peace In the Kennedy admins
tration. He expanded the school
lunch program so that 81 million
youngsters in 80 countries are now
fed with United States surplus
farm products. He also started
the plan for use Of surplus grain
in paying workers In developing
countries.
The official canvass Of the No
vember senatorial election gave
Mr.. McGovern a 100-vote lead
(128,581 to 128.48D over Repub-
lican Senator Joe Bottom who had
been appointed to fill the unex-
pired term after Senator Francis
Cases death last summer. Conf
dent he could overturn the result.
Mr.. Bottom demanded a recount.
Then the McGovern organization
had to train its staff, mostly law
yers working on a voluntary basis.
on procedures to be used. Recount
schools were formed and q hand
book was prepared. In each
county a recount board, composed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

He said that almost 50 billion
could be saved Just by eliminat-
ing new domestic spending pro-
grams proposed by the President.
Another $1.3 billion could be
pared from the biggest military
spending program in peacetime
history and $l8 billion could be
Topped off foreign aid.
Finally. the Virginian advocat-
ed a 5 per cent across the board"
reduction in the number of Eed-
eral employees. Republicans say
there are 2l5,000 more persons on
the Federal payroll now than
when Mr.. Kennedy took office
and that he is asking for $1,000
more.)
The battle over the budget
looks like it will be an enduring
one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Powell Absent

Mr.. Powell had sought soo7 900
TO run his group for the next two
years. In defending himself
against Republican charges. he
said at a news conference on
February 20:
Il wish 10 state emphatically
that / will always do what every
other Congressman and commit
tee chairman do In the House.
Sure I'm In favor OF having rela-
tives on the payroll; and use OF
counterpart funds even for night
club and resort expenses Is not
wrong"
When the debate on the Ad-
ministration Committees resolu-
ton which provided for $500. 900
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

has spoken unanimously on the
matter, q threat Of a strike by
the five operating railroad unions
hangs over the industry. No strike
call is expected Immediately. how
ever, because the carriers and
unions have agreed to renew ne
gotiations on the work rules
changes on Wednesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
M'Govern' S Political Unorthodoxy

Of the county judge and one
member Of each political party.
undertook the task Of checking
each ballot in "a per cent Of the
States precincts. In some coun-
ties the recount, which started
November 26, lasted more than a
week.
The board did not find any
fraud but did discover many cases
of ballots with identifying marks
which are illegal in South Da-
kota.
A native South Dakotan, Sena-
tor McGovern is the son of a
Methodist minister, an early set
tier In the State. After working
his way through public school and
Dakota Wesleyan University. he
distinguished himself as a bomber
pilot In World War II ami re-
ceived the DFC while serving
with the 18th Air Force in
Italy.
A six footer, he is known
among his colleagues on the Hill
for his quiet strength" AS one
of them remarked, ''he doesn't
push hard but he doesn't give
ground either" One prominent
Republican Congressman, who
worked with the new Senator, re-
calls that he was q civilized, self
effacing member who expressed
his views effectively and always
was constructive"
Appraised by q Colleague
George is 9 shy person." COM
mented q liberal House Democrat.
HE seems to shrink from the
rough and tumble Of politics.
George will have influence in the
Senate by winning gradually the
confidence and respect Of the
other members but 1t will take
time"
During the recent fight over
the Senate rules, Senator McGov-
ern cast his vote with those Sem
ators supporting the Anderson
resolution which would have
killed the filibuster by either a
majority or three-fifths vote Of
the Senate.
Senator McGovern, though he
may be shy and have q disarm-
ing manner, isn't afraid Of tack
ling tough issues. He was the
only Senator In this session to
request assignment to the Agri-
culture Commute, which he re-
ceived as well as Interior. A quar-
ter century ago Agriculture was
considered one Of the most de-
sirable posts.
Senator Hubert H. Humphrey,
a native South Dakotan, an old
friend Of McGovern's and an i'm
portant influence in his political
career, commented recently that
George is a patient man which
I am not. He is geared tempera-
mentally to the legislative process
which many outstanding Senators
are not. He is strong mentally
and morally"
George McGovern comes to the
Senate acclimated to the political
and social life of Washington
which is very important. The
hardest period in a new Sena-
tors life Is the first two years
because most new Senators are
lost among the important people
who crowd the Washington scene.
But George has broad horizons
from Sphinx County, South Da-
kota to New Delhi, India. He
understands the world with which
Congress must deal"
As Senator McGovern sees the
task confronting him and the
other freshman Senators, one
quality I'VE will desperately need
Is a sense of history"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
By GEORGE w. CAKES
Contrihuting writar

The South Dakota election
which sent George McGovern to
the United States Senate last fall
was one of the most unusual in
the States history for many rea-
sons.
In the first place, his victory
by SGT votes out Of more than
100000 cast wasn't determined
until completion Of an official re-
count on December 8. It was the
first recount in South Dakota in
rs years.
In second place. Mr.. McGovern
almost single-handedly built UP
the party that barely elected him.
In 10 years the 40-year-old former
history professor at Dakota Wes-
leyan University completely revi-
talized the Democratic Party In
a traditionally Republican State
by working at the grass roots.
1.-THE Job was really a one-man
show" he said the other day in
his Senate office. II raised the
money to pay my salary as execu-
tive secretary Of the party and had
no paid help at all. ! spent long,
hard days and nights travelling
throughout the entire State.
"As professor Of history and
government Senator McGovern
took a Pho. degree in history at
Northwestern under Prof. Arthur
s. Link, Princeton historian and
editor Of the Woodrow Wilson pa
pers) naturally was interested in
politics. Adlai Stevenson's 1852
campaign inspired me to take an
active part myself. The fact that
Adlai plunged so vigorously into
the political battle made me want
to help him. While I was teach
ing political science, ! wrote a
series of semi-historical articles
for the Mitchell Is. Dak.) Daily
Republic tracing the record Of the
political parties. These articles
caught the attention of the youth
full Democratic State chairman
who then asked me to work full
time on the reorganization Of the
party which was in such a low
state that there was no compe-
tition for leadership.
The Slate Of 1854
Therefore the organization,
such as II was, gave me a free
hand. I developed a list Of can
didates and in 1854 we were able
for the first time in years to Of
fer the voters a full Democratic
slate for county. State and ma
tional office.
''At least once a week I issued
q press release on some State
problem. Either ! took issue with
the Republicans or we offered a
positive proposal. In 1855 / gave
serious thought to becoming a
candidate myself and began to
take on a heavy speaking schedule,
addressing meetings Of Chambers
of Commerce. Kiwanis, church
groups. PTA's, ETC., and spoke five
or six times week throughout
the entire year.
I'm January 1855 announced
my candidacy for Congress and
resigned as executive secretary Of
the party. No one in South Da-
kota history every campaigned
more intensively. I made as
many as 10 or IL appearances a
day in that many different towns
and went to every village In the
eastern half of the State.
I'VE won, not only because Of
hard work and good party organi-
cation, but also because many Re-
publicans realized that q two
party structure was IN the best
interests of the State. COMPETE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
THE NATIONAL SCENE

spending. They have rallied their
troops and mapped a plan Of COM
bat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Special Senote Sessions

~P~~soi SeUote Ses9iOUs
There have been AZ special ses-
sions Of the Senate. The longest
was in 1881 and lasted "a
months. It launched the short
lived administration Of James A.
Garfield with q bitter row over
Garfield appointments that re-
suited in the designations Of both
New York Senators, Roscoe Con-
king and Thomas c. Plat.
There have been IL impeach-
ment trials In the Senate involv-
ing charges against nine Federal
judges. q President, a Senator,
and q cabinet officer. -Four Of the
IL. tried on impeachments tradi-
tionally originating in the House,
were found guilty and removed
from office - all OF them judges.
The only President ever inn
peached was Andrew johnson OF
Tennessee, who succeeded 10 the
presidency In 1865 after the as
sassination OF Abraham Lincol.i.
johnson was accused Of usurpa-
ton OF the law. corrupt use OF
the veto power, and interference
at elections. His Senate trial In
1858 lasted three months. with
two thirds necessary 10 convict.
he was acquitted by a single vote,
35 voting guilty and 10 not guilty.
Another Tennessean, United
States Senator william Blount.
was the first official ever Inn
peached. He was accused OF trea-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10
Extensive Revision Due

The new Directory. which COM
pliers say may run about $40
pages, about 80 pages more than
the 1862 issue is an extensive re-
vision, mostly because 1t includes
the personally approved biog-
raphies Of newly elected Sena-
tors and Representatives, updated
biographies Of reelected legisla-
tors, more international organiza-
tons, and generally more names.
New matter also includes Sec
ton Of maps Of congressional dis
tricts showing the effects Of
change in district boundaries
since the 1860 census. Also, the
1862 congressional election re-
turns 60 with results for 1860
and 1858; hundreds Of changes in
lstings of higher bracket Federal
and District Government person.
mel, and a revised diagram Of the
Capitol with all rooms renum-
bered.
Directories are largely old ones
brought up to date. The 1868 is
sue - for the first session Of the
88th Congress - will climax
nearly five months Of strenuous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

The remainder were distributed
for use Of Senators and Repre-
entatives and their staffs, con-
gressional committees. Govern
ment departments and agencies,
and Federal depository libraries.
Some no doubt found their wsy
around the world on the book
shelves Of American embassies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-10

work In which scores Of Govern
ment workers had q hand In
making personnel and other
changes since last year.
But the brunt Of the compila-
ton and proofreading as usual
has fallen on a small staff Of ex-
rerts of the Joint Committee on
Printing housed in the center Of
the Capitol. Staff director is Mr..
John F. Haley.
Herbert v. Bibus of the COM
pilation staff says the work takes
much more time for an issue fol-
lowing an election than for Other
editions. Second session editions
come out in January because less
revisionary work is required.
The Joint Committee experts
say there Is a possibility the new
Directory may go up in price q
bit for public sale because Of It's
added length.
Dotes Beck to 1903
The first Congressional Direc-
tory was issued in 1908 for the
first session of the 9th Congress.
The printing was done by private
firms under contract until the
GPO was established in 1861.
There used to be two issues q
year, but in 1949 this was reduced
to one for economy reasons.
The 1862 Directory had 20
thumb indexed divisions. The
largest - $50 pages - was de-
voted to biographies Of the Vice
President. 100 Senators, 437 Rep
resentatives (reduced to 435 in
the 1868 edition., and the Resi-
dent Commissioner Of Puerto
Rico.
One of the sections Of all edi-
tons valued most highly is simply
marked Statistical" 1t covers q
wealth Of material which, when
combined with background from
other reference works. makes good
reading. For instance. did you
know that:
The longest continuous meet
ing Of Congress was that preced-
ing and Immediately following
World War II. It embraced the
third session Of the 76th Con-
gress and the first session Of the
nth and ran without interruption
for two years.
The first and second sessions
Of the First Congress (1789-90)
were held in New York City. Sub
sequently. including the first ses-
sion Of the 9Th Congress (l799-
1900. the meeting place was In
Philadelphia. Since November II,
1900. Congress has convened in
Washington.
Speaker Of the House in the
First Congress was Frederick A. c.
Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania. Sem
ate Pro Tempore was John Lang
don Of New Hampshire, who was
elected TO count the vote Of the
first presidential election. Al
though the session began March
4, 1883, q quorum was not present
until April 8 when the vote count
ing was done. Vice President John
Adams appeared April 81 and took
his seat as President Of the Sen
ate