davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tabor City tribune., 1963-07-10

|N III were go
ing In the Common Market
countries Of Europe, we've got
TO emphasize higher quality in
the commodities we ship"
This Is the unanimous opin-
ION Of agricultural leaders
from Clemson College, fresh
back from a two-weeks tour Of
England and five nations in
the European Economic Com
munity
They-along with some ls0
other business and agricultur-
al leaders from North and
South Carolina-have Just TAX
en- a first-hand look at agri-
culture in Europe to check on
the export-import situation on
the continent and to see what
effect the "ECC" is going to
have in America.
What were their impress
sions? "Those folks want high
quality products from us. II
we're not going to send first
class comodities, we may as
well keep them at home" Ir
this, all the caravan members
agree.
DIR. Robert c. Edwards, pres.
ident of Clemson, says he be.
lleves the trip was very valu.
able. "A first-hand look at tn.
situation in the Common Mar.
ket countries - including thei
plans for growth and develop
ment-gave us informstio,
that could not be gained an,
4 other way" he said.
III Director of Extension Geor
i &c b. Mutt put it in thes
i words Whatever we sci
i to these nations, we must b
alert TO the demands of tn
market. We will be forced [,
seriously consider the qualit,
OF our products, the uniformit,
OF the commodities, quantit,
demanded, and customer ser
vice.
| "A good example fIue-
| cured tobacco" Mutt pointed
| out. THE demand for south
eastern flue-cured tobacco is
still great in Europe, but the
buyers are not as enthusiast
ic as they have been.
1--WE heard criticisms that
our tobacco has deteriorated
in aroma, flavor and filling
qualities in recent years." he
said. 1--WE saw tobacco ship
ped in from other countries
for instance, RhOdesia. II
did not measure up TO our
tobacco in flavor or aroma.
but for grading and uni
fOrmity, II was superb"
DR.. o. B. Garrison, director
of the Agricultural Experiment
Station, said, "In my opinion,
there is a definite opportunity
for us to export to the Com
mon Market countries - even
after they are more highly
organized. There will continue
to be a strong demand for
some of our crops-the feed
grains and soybeans, for ex-
ample-but we must give them
the high quality product they
are demanding"
The European market is al
ready reacting to the lack of
quality in some of our pro-
ducts, Garrison pointed out.
This has significant jmplica-
tionS for our research efforts in
South Carolina and the ma
ton.
"We need to find out how
to produce a top-grade pro-
duct, how to package it at
tractively, and get it on the
market without deteriorating,"
he said. This will be one of
the keys to our success in
meeting our competition"
Jimmy Youngblood, chief of
the Clemson Extension Mark
eting Division in Columbia,
Tabor City tribune., 1963-07-10

The only freedom worth
possessing is that which gives
enlargement to a peoples en-
crgy, intellect. and virtues.
William Ellery Channine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
BY CHARLES BARTLETT
Contributing Writer

A major revolt OF hometown
ing. church-going suburbanites is
being riled against the Presidents
tax proposal and the clamor Of
hostility has begun TO dominate
the proceedings In the House
Ways and Means Committee.
The substantial proportions OF
the gathering revolt are impress
sive as portents OF the almost
insuperable obstacles which the
President confronts in attempting
10 impose tax reform as a COM
panion 10 the tax reduction
which he is determined 10 get
from this session Of Congress.
The revolt is being stirred
among the Is million taxpayers
who now deduct such items as
interest on mortgages. charitable
contributions, and State and To-
cal taxes from the gross income
on which they now pay Federal
taxes. They would be allowed by
the Treasury's new proposal 10
deduct only the sum Of these
items that exceeds per cent Of
their taxable income.
v a man with a taxable In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17

an American-assisted project to
help each family raise q pig;
hamlet elections, in which there
rarely is an opposition slate; &C.
casional free medical service and
agricultural advice from a trav-
cling civic action" team - such
measures have not yet had an
important effect in swinging Wet
Namese peasantry to the side of
President Diem.
A peasant woman in the CEN
trail highlands spoke for many
others when she said: I've been
lucky this month. The Wet Cong
didn't seize my rice and neither
did the Wet Namese army"
The truism seems to hold good
that the peasant just wants to
be let alone.
When the Wet Cong, harassed
by helicopter raids and rockets
and napalm, begins stealing rice
in an area, the peasants some
times move out In q body and
take refuge In a new fortified set
Element provided by the govern
ment with American help and fl
nancing.
When the government steps up
the draft or uprooss families to
force them to move into strategic
villages, menfolk often disappear
into the jungles and paddles to
join the Wet Cong.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17

that the proposed new schedule
will provide a net tax reduction
TO every taxpayer despite the curb
on deductions.
But a businessman can find
compelling reasons for preferring
10 keep the present deductions
even at the cost OF securing less
OF a cut In his tax rates. II the
provisions permitting these de-
auctions are repealed as the new
schedule is enacted. he will prob
ably pay less taxes for the pres
ent. But he has a strong sense
OF the possibility that a new in
ternational emergency may
prompt Congress TO raise the tax
rates again and confront him
with the old level OF taxation
minus the advantage OF the de-
auctions he enjoyed before 1864.
The opportunity TO enlist Is
million taxpayers against the
cause Of tax reform is not being
lost by those who have more mar
row advantages such as allow
anceS on oil depletion and diw-
dend taxes TO protect. This Is
why the per cent floor on item
lied deductions has become
rallying point even though Treas
ury experts maintain that 20 mil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Photo by Paul Berg.

firmness Of the American COM
mitment. Vice President Richard
M. Nixon spoke for Republican
administration in 1858. at an ear
her stage in the struggle for Wet
Nam. when the United States was
trying to persuade the French to
keep fighting.
Under no circumstances could
negotiations take place that
would place people who want in
dependence under bondage" Nix
on said. 1T is impossible to lay
down arms until victory is COM
pletely won"
In similar words, Attorney Gen.
eral Robert F. Kennedy stated the
kennedy administrations po-
sition a year ago in Saigon: I'VE
are going to win in Wet Nam.
We will remain here until we do
win"
Responsible officials have been
frank and realistic in warning
that war would be long and
bloody.
Admiral George w. Anderson,
jr., Chief of Naval Operations,
told a congressional committee q
year ago: Il would not minimize
the fact that we are going to lose
helicopters and we will lose air
planes. and we will probably have
people killed, Americans killed and
wounded and perhaps captured.
You cannot provide this type Of
assistance, which is absolutely es-
sential, without some bloodlet-
ting"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Political Problems

But II the war sinks into a
stalemate. possibly along the lines
of the French experience in Al
geria, 1t is questionable how long
the effort would remain accept
able to the American people or
to President who likes TO see
foreign problems solved promptly,
particularly If they carry politi-
cal disadvantage at home.
No reappraisal Of United States
policy in Wet Nam Is In sight
yet. Grave doubts are expressed
by some American officials In
Washington and in Southeast
Asia, but not by those who have
real power In the Kennedy ad-
ministration.
II the situation does eventually
reach the point Of thorough re-
appraisal, three other main
courses are available:
/. Send in far more American
troops and commit them fully to
combat.
2. Withdraw support from Diem
in hope that a more popular ma
tional lea 'er will emerge and lead
the country in a successful inde-
pendence.
3. Negotiate a settlement. pos
sibly under the Geneva agreement
Of 1854, which provided for the
military naturalization Of Wet
Nam and It's eventual reunifica-
ton.
The first choice seems unlikely
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17

run the Wet Namese regime
President Ngo Dinh Diem: his
brother and political counselor.
Ngo Dinh Nhu, and Mus out
spoken wife.
They are familiar with Mao
Tse-tung's doctrine that a guer-
rilla depends on the support he
gets from the peasants, whether
through persuasion or coercion.
President Kennedy was express
ing the same thought when, as
a Senator in 1854, he said, II am
frankly of the belief that no
amount Of American military as
sistance in Indo- China can con-
quer an enemy which is every
where and at the same time no
where, an enemy of the people
which has the sympathy and
covert support of the people"
Breaking the Wet Cong's hold
on the peasants is the central
problem in Wet Nam. To solve 1t,
the United States and the Diem
regime have joined in a "stragetic
hamlet" program, In which a Wild
ening network of protected settle
ments is spreading slowly across
the country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Foees Defect

But the opposition Is already
sufficient 10 move political real
lists 10 a conclusion that the 5
per cent floor on deductions will
ultimately have 10 be junked.
There Is no haste 10 take the
step because Chairman Mills
House Ways and Means Commit
tee will be considering the bill
until June and the provision can
serve for the present as a light
ming rod 70 divert attack from
other portions OF the reform
package.
The line OF retreat is an easy
one the reduction In tax rates
can simply be narrowed 10 COM
pensate for the s2.3 billion that
will be lost by dropping the pro-
vision. This Is the practical spirit
In which the entire tax bill will
be legislated because there Is lit
tie instinct in the administration
10 let tax reform stand In the
way Of tax reduction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Disoster Possible

Too many plumbers or misfor-
tunes on the American and South
Wet Namese side could bring a
military disaster that would make
the abortive Bay Of Pigs In Cuba
look like a beach party.
Some Of the participants and
observers In Wet Nam maintain
the standard view Of cautious
optimism" Public statements by
officials along this line must be
discounted, however. Techniques
Of psychological warfare call for
attitudes OF confidence and pre-
dictions OF success. all calculated
TO create an air OF victory and
to discourage support for the
enemy.
But others express an uneasy
feeling that the operation In Wet
Nam may 90 the way OF the OPP
Grafton in China In 1919, when
Chang Kai-shek's Nationalist SOL
diers sold their American weapons
70 the Communists and lost China
by default.
The United States part in the
operation involves about 1000
American troops. They are called
advisers" but they are risking
their lives q ongside combat forces
and some tlnes take part In
combal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Positive Aspects

Positive aspects Of American
policy consist mainly In helping
build the economies of the nom
Communist nations bordering
China and specifically in helping
make India a beacon of hope that
win outshine Communist China in
Asian eyes.
How well is all this working?
And If 1t does work, is it enough?
To answer these questions, the
Post Dispatch sent q reporter
photographer team on an 11-week
tour Of Southeast Asia and India
to observe, ask questions and take
pictures.
Their conclusions are a number
Of plusses and minuses and some
question marks. They add UP to
a bleak total-hard going in the
next months and years and no
end IN sight. Barring a major
reappraisal Of the American role
in Asia, the greatest hope lies In
Chinese plumbers and misfortuneS.
The worst Of the present prob
lens is Wet Nam. American armed
forces are actively engaged in the
only current shooting war along
China's border. They are advising,
supporting and occasionally fight
ing in a war against Communist
led insurgents trying to overthrow
the government Of an unpopular
but anti Communist dictator.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Any Ally Acceptable

A corollary is and has been
that we will accept virtually any
ally, no matter how repressive
or unpopular, so long as he is
reliably anti Communist.
Popular revolts have over
thrown two such leaders in re-
cent years-Nuri Said in Iraq and
Syngman Rhee in South Korea
but supposed stability and
anti-communism continue to be
put before popularity and indie
=pendence.
Under the Kennedy admins
.tration, as under the Eisenhower
and Truman administrations,
American policy with respect to
China is essentially a negative,
short-run course of reaction to
Chinese initiatives, whether ag-
erosion or subversion.
American policy no longer looks
for any early collapse of the Com
n1unist regime in China. "Only
two people expect a collapse -
Chang and Joseph Alsop," runs a
current quip that expresses the
prevailing view.
Nor does current policy look
toward q day when China may
be brought into the community
of nations and at least go through
the motions Of seeking world
peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17

ly curtailed. The charge is heard
that the Treasury plan will favor
the man who lives in a rented
house. stays away from church
and doesn't contribute TO charity.
The issue is important since
the Treasury is counting on this
proposal 10 produce $2.3 billion
OF the revenue gain OF $3.4 bill
lion anticipated from the whole
tax reform package. These new
revenues were deemed necessary
TO offset the fiscal impact Of the
$i3.6 billion cut In taxes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Wet Cong Strong

A disturbing fact Of the war
thus far Is that. at the best esti-
mate. the number of armed Wet
Cong guerrillas remains at about
$4,000. even though the govern
ment claims q weekly kill of
around 500. Recruiting of new
guerrillas inside South Wet Nam
seems to offset losses through
casualties.
The tide will have turned when
peasants begin stopping army
conveys to warn them Of an am
bush ahead; when young men in
large numbers, instead Of mainly
women and children and old per-
sons. enter the relocation camps
voluntarily; when the women OF a
raided Wet Cong village say,
They went that way" instead OF
replying with a blank look when
asked where the guerrillas fled.
II the tide fails to turn, II the
cautious optimism voiced by top
officials fails to develop a solid
basis, then what2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Don't Shore Kennedy View

Some Of the men actually en-
gagged in the undeclared war do
not share the view expressed by
President Kennedy in his state
of-the-Union address that "the
spearpoint Of aggression has been
blunted In Wet Nam" They are
restless under the present restric-
tons and would like to see Ameri-
can forces In either full combat
status or withdrawn altogether.
There can be no doubt Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Long Fight Aheod

The big battles last month gave
new evidence that the fight for
Wet Nam will be long and diff
cult. that 1t must go on for at
least another year before we can
know whether the operation has
even a reasonable chance Of sue
cess-and that 1t may be lost en-
tirely.
All involved in the campaign
in Wet Nam agree that 1t can
be won only by a combination
Of military and political means.
The American advisers say 1t,
American diplomats say 1t and
American aid officials say 1t. So
do the three powerful figures that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
The Geneva Aeeords

The Geneva settlement was
signed by IL nations. including
Communist China. North Wet
Nam. France and the two con-
ference chairmen. Britain and the
Soviet Union. 1t provided for the
withdrawal Of Wet Mini and
French troops TO their own sides
Of the 18th parallel. It prohibited
the entry Of additional troops or
military equipment except for re-
placement Of what was there al
ready. Neither zone was TO join
any military alliance or permit
any foreign bases on Its territory.
Neither the United States nor
South Wet Nam would sign the
accords. The American delegation
merely took note of them and
stated that the United States
would refrain from the threat or
the use OF force TO disturb them"
Both sides have violated the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Opposition Grows to New Tax Bill Deduction Plan

come OF $4,000 whose interest,
charity and local tax payments
amount 10 5000 is entitled now TO
deduct the full amount before de-
termining his tax rate. The Treas
ury proposal would allow him to
subtract only $500. the difference
between the total of these item
lied deductions and 5 per cent Of
his taxable income.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Stroteeie HomIets

Each strategic hamlet is sur
rounded by a fence of sharpened
stakes or barbed wire. Often there
are two fences and, between them,
a moat filled with poisonous cac-
tus or short spikes to pierce the
feet Of intruders.
The hamlets' three-fold pur-
pose is to protect the peasants
from the Wet Cong; to separate
the Wet Cong from its sources Of
food, weapons and recruits, and
to instill loyalty and respect for
the government.
American political and military
advisers place great Importance
on the last feature. Their theory
is the same as that Of British
Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer
in the campaign against Commu-
nist-led insurgents in Malaga In
the l950s This is a battle for
the hearts and minds of men,"
They want the armed villages
to work in two directions In
building a new relationship be-
tween the people and the govern
ment. They want the people to be
organized into an effective loyal
supporting force that will supply
food. manpower and intelligence
to the government. instead Of to
the enemy. They believe this can
come about only If the govern
ment makes itself the friend and
protector of the people and gives
them a stake in its management
and survival.
Officials OF the Wet Namese
government express similar views.
but their actions show that they
consider the hamlet program a
military device first Of all and a
political device only as a poor
second.
A limited land reform program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Reform lmpOrtont

The reform is important also
In the minds Of the tax purists
who feel that the itemized deduc-
tons are q growing source Of tax
evasion and manipulation since
they include a range OF business
and trade expenses as we'll as
payments for interest and charity.
Some Treasury officials warned,
as the proposal was being pre-
pared, that the per cent floor
on deductions would stir relent-
less opposition but the purists
prevailed with their argument
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
lndion Commitment

Off 10 the West. around the
arc Of China's southern border, the
United States has embarked on
another commitment that could
surpass in cost and effort and
lives the commitment In Wet Nam.
The United States Is backing with
arms and advice the new Indian
determination 10 contest Chinese
territorial claims In the high Him.
alayan border country.
Asians are watching these vari-
GUS American operations on their
continent. as well as the con-
tinued backing OF Chang Kali
shek and his dreams OF returning
TO the mainland; the encourage
ment OF Japan'S shift away from
the extreme pacifism that fol-
lowed the World War II defeat:
the cold-shouldering Of outer
Mongolias overtures for diplo-
matte relations with the United
States and the adamant insistence
on keeping China out OF the
United Nations.
Americas future In Asia will de-
pend partly on American techni-
cues OF using It's aid and show
ing It's strength. More Importantly.
II will depend on correct reading
OF the Peking- Moscow split. Chi
mas motives In attacking India.
China's capacity 10 survive as a
nation, North Wet Mans role as
a satellite Of China or something
more neary approaching Yugo-
slavia, and the true nature OF in
surgent movements such as the
Wet Cong and the Pathet Lao.
How well these techniques are
working and how we'll these de-
velopments are understood will be
explored In further articles.
TOMORROW: The kind Of war
being fought In Wet Nam.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Many Are Unaffected

Another rs million taxpayers,
who now take the STANDARD
Treasury deduction without item
ization, would be unaffected by
the change. Some 90 per cent OF
this group is taxed on income OF
less than $4,000.
But the suburban home owners
who would be affected include
much Of the articulate element
OF the society and their dissent
is being fostered and encouraged
by the home builders and mort
gage loaners whose activities
could be adversely affected. Fur
Their hostility is arising from the
churches and charitable organ
izations whose officials feel that
future donations might be sharp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
FRONTIERS OF FREEDOM
BY RICHARD DUDMAN
Contributing Writer

American policy along the rim
OF China can best be characterized
as a holding operation.
1t Is really not a single policy.
put a collection of different pol
icies.
1t supports the national leaders
mainly dictators-who say they
are for us and against commu-
nism. 1t sometimes helps and
sometimes ignores the leaders
also mainly dictators call
themselves neutrals. 1t frowns on
a third group Of dictators, those
VINO side with the Communists.
1t guarantees the territory of
Chang Kai-shek, joins with
China and the Soviet Union to
support a neutral coalition gov
eminent in Laos but hesitates to
give similar assurances when
Cambodia requests them. It
spurns altogether a request for
diplomatic relations with Outer
Mongolia.
Ehe best that officials in
Washington can do to give CO.
herence to these varying and
sometimes contradictory policies
lis to say that the United States
is supporting and strengthening
the free nations" on China's
periphery. They say that incon-
sistency is inevitable; different
situations require different poll
cies.
The aim, in short, is to contain
Chinese expansionism, just as the
overall postwar policy toward
the Soviet Union has been to
contain Russian expanSionism.
(Some officials object to the
term "containment" as being too
negative. They say American pol
icy Is to CHECK and roll back"
Communist expansion by both
the Soviet Union and mainland
China.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Expensive War

The war is costing the United
States roughly So million a day
81 million In military and eco
nomic aid TO Wet Nam and poss-
IDLY another 81 million In Ameri-
can troops and the arms, trucks,
planes and supplies they are
using directly.
Official casualties since Janu-
airy /, 1861. now stand at SO dead.
including "a killed In combat. and
90 wounded.
on a purely military level, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-17
Ten Articles

This article by Richard Dud-
man. st. Louis Post Dispatch
Washington correspondent, is
the first Of 10 which will analyze
the social. political, economic
and military situations in the
countries along the rim Of Red
China.
The second article will appear
In tomorrow's Evening Star.