davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

first to move, In the face OF
official, customer. employee OF
competitive pressureS.
Negroes, consequently, car
be expected to continue In
crcasingly to seek the vindica.
ton Of these rights through
organized direct action, with
all It's potentially explosive con-
sequences. such as we have
seen In Birmingham. In Phila-
delphia, In jackson, In Boston,
in Cambridge, Md, and In
many other parts OF the coun-
try.
In short, the result Of con-
tinued Federal legislative in
action will be continued, If not
increased, racial strife-causing
the leadership on both sides to
pass from the hands Of reason
able and responsible men to
the purveyors of hate and vio-
lence, endangering domestic
tranquility, retarding our Ma
tons economic and social
progress and weakening the re-
spect with which the rest Of
the world regards US. No Amer
lean, feel sure, would prefer
this course Of tension, disorder
and division-and the great
majority of our citizens simply
cannot accent IL.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
3 Major Areas
Need Progress

Relief OF Negro unemploy-
ment requires progress In three
major areas:
/. More jobs must be created
through greater economic
growth.
The Neero-too often un.
skilled. too often the first to
be fired and the last to be
hired--is Q primary victim Of
recessions. depressed areas and
unused industrial capacity.
Negro unemployment will not
be noticeably diminished in
this country until the total
demand for labor is effectively
increased and the whole econ
omy is headed toward a level
of full employment. When our
economy operates below Ca
pacity. Negroes are more
severely affected than other
groups. Conversely, return to
full employment yields par
ticular benefits to the Negro.
Recent studies have shewn
that for every 1 percentage
point decline In the general
unemployment rate there tends
to be q 2 percentage point
reduction In Negro unemploy-
ment.
Prompt and substantial tax
reduction Is q key to achieving
the full employment we need.
The promise Of the area rede.
velopment program - which
harnesses local initiative to-
ward the solution of deep
seated economic distress-must
not be stifled for want Of suf-
ficient authorization or ade-
ouate financing. The accel-
Grated public works program
Is now gaining momentum;
State, cities and local COM
munities should press ahead
with the projects financed by
this measure.
In addition. I have instructed
the Departments of Labor,
Commerce. and Health, Educa-
ton and Welfare to examine
how their programs for the re-
lief Of unemployment and eco
nomic hardship can be still
more intensively focused on
those areas Of hard-core, long
term unemployment. among
both white and non.whlte
workers. Our concern with civil
rights must not cause any d.
version or dilution of our ef.
forts for economic progress
for without such progress the
Negroes hopes will remain UNI
fulfilled.
2. More education and train
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
Asks Congress
To Stay Here

For these reasons, / am pro-
posing that the Congress stay
In session this year until 1t has
enacted-preferably a. o single
omnibus bill-the most respon-
sible, reasonable and urgently
needed solutions to this prob
lem, solutions which should be
acceptable to all fair-minded
men.
This bill would be known as
the civil Rights Act Of 1868"
and would include-in addition
to the aforementioned provi.
sionS on voting rights ana the
Civil Rights Commissioned.
ditional titles on public accom-
modationS. employment, Fed
orally assisted programs. b
Community Relations Service,
and education, with the latter
including my previous recon-
mendation on this subject.
In addition, am requesting
certain legislative and budget
amendments designed to I'M
prove the training, skills and
economic opportunities Of the
economically distressed and
disconnected. white and Negro
alike. Certain executive actions
are also reviewed here; but
legislative action Is imperative.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
Property Rights
Not Violated

Such legislation is clearly
consistent with the Constitu-
ton and with our concepts OF
both human rights and prop
erty rights. The argument that
such measures constitute an un.
constitutional interference with
property rights has consistently
been rejected by the courts In
upholding laws on coming, coll
lective bargaining. minimum
wages, smoke control and count
less other measures designed
70 make certain that the use
OF private property Is consistent
with the public interest.
While the legal situations are
not parallel, II Is interesting 10
note that Abraham Lincoln.
In Issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation 100 years ago,
was also accused OF violating
the property rights OF slave.
owners. Indeed, there Is an
Ake-old saying that property
has It's duties a. well as It's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
I. EQUAL
ACCOMMODATIONS IN
PUBLIC FACILITIES

Events Of recent weeks have
again underlined how deeply our
Negro citizens resent the injus-
tice Of being arbitrarily denied
equal access to those facilities
and accommodations which are
otherwise open to the general
public. That is daily insult
which has no place in a country
proud Of its heritage-the heri-
tage of the melting-pot, Of
equal rights, Of one nation and
one people.
No one has been barred on
account Of his race from fight
ing or dying for America I.
there are no white" or col
ored" signs on the foxholes or
graveyards Of battle. Surely, in
1868, 100 years after Emancipa.
ton. 1t should not be necessary
for any American citizen to
demonstrate In the streets for
the opportunity To stop at q
hotel. or TO eat at q lunch
counter in the very department
store in which he Ia shopping,
or to enter q motion picture
house. on the same terms as
any other customer.
As I stated In my message to
the Congress of February %,
mo action is more contrary to
the spirit of our democracy and
Constitution or more right.
fully resented by a Negro citi-
zen who seeks only equal treat.
naent than the barring Of
that citizen from restaurants,
hotels, theatres, recreational
areas and other public accom-
modations and facilities"
The United States Govern
ment has taken action through
the courts and by other means
to protect those who are peace
fully demonstrating to obtain
access to these public facilities;
and It has taken action to
bring an end TO discrimination
In rail. bus and airline termi-
mails, to open up restaurants
and other public facilities In
all buildings leased as well as
owned by the Federal Govern
ment, and to assure full equal
ity Of access to all Federally
owned parks. forests and other
recreational areas.
When uncontrolled mob ac-
ton directly threatened the
nondiscriminatory use Of trans
portation facilities In May,
1851, Federal marshals were
employed 10 restore order and
prevent potentially widespread
personal and property damage.
Growing Nationwide concern
with this problem, however.
makes 1t clear that further
Federal action Ia needed now
10 secure the right OF all citi-
sens 10 the full enjoyment OF
all facilities which are open TO
the general plhlic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

member, and acceptable to the
progressives, who observed him
as a member Of the important
commission for council revision.
They find him reserved but
open minded.
The rur1or in Rome is that
Cardinal Confalonieri, . strik-
ingly handsome 60-year-old
Alpinist who is in charge Of the
ConsiStory Of Bishops, has
found favor with the Spanish
cardinals. Counting Spain and
South America, they number
81, a good bloc to begin with.
The cardinals believe their
new choice will be divinely in
spired. They are sure they will
find one who can make the
two opposing currents Of the
church flow into one stream.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
Text Of Message on Civil Rights

FOLLOWING is the teIt OF
President Kennedy's message
to Congress today requesting
netO ciUI rights legislation:
Last week I addressed to the
American people an appeal to
conscience--a request for their
cooperation In meeting the
growing moral crisis In Amer.
lean race relations.
I warned of 70 rising tide OF
discomfort that threatens the
public safety" in many parts
Of the country. I emphasized
that the events In Birming.
ham and elsewhere have 50 in
creased the cries for equality
that no city or State or legisla-
tive body can prudently choose
TO ignore them" 1T is a time
to act" I said, "in the Con-
gress. in State and local legis-
lative bodies and, above all, in
all Of our daily lives"
In the days that have fol-
lowed, the predictions Of in
creased violence have been
tragically borne out. The fires
Of illustration and discord''
have burned hotter than ever,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

1 rights" and no property owner
who holds those premises for
the purpose Of serving at a
profit the American public at
large can claim any inherent
right to exclude q part Of that
public on grounds Of race or
color.
Just as the law requires COM
mon carriers to serve equally
all who wish their services, so
It can require public accommo-
dations to accommodate equally
all segrnents OF the general
public. Both human rights and
property rights are foundations
OF our society and both will
flourish as the result of this
measure.
In d society which Is increas-
ingly mobile and in an econ
omy which is increasingly
interdependent, business estab-
lishments which serve the
public-such as hotels, restau-
rants, theaters, stores and
others - serve not only the
members Of their immediate
communities but travellers from
other States and visitors from
abroad. Their goods come from
ell over the Nation. This parti-
cipation in the flow Of inter-
state commerce has given these
business establishments both
increased prosperity and an in
creased responsibility to provide
equal access and service to all
citizens.
Some 80 States, the District
Of Columbia and numerous
cities - covering some two
thirds Of this country and well
over two-thirds of its people
have already enacted laws
of varying effectiveness against
discrimination in places Of
public accommodation, many
Of them In response to the rec
ommendation Of President Tru.
mans Committee on Civil
Rights In 1e47. But while their
efforts indicate that legislation
In this area is not extraor-
binary, the failure Of more
states to take effective action
makes 1t clear that Federal
legislation Is necessary. The
State and local approach has
been tried. The voluntary APP
proach has been tried. But
these approaches are insult
ficient to prevent the free flow
Of commerce from being arbi-
trarily and inefficiently re.
strained and distorted by dis
elimination in such establish
ments.
Clearly the Federal Govern
ment has both the power and
the obligation to eliminate
these discriminatory practices:
First, because they adversely
affect the national economy
and the flow of interstate COM
merce; and secondly. because
Congress has been specifically
empowered under the Four.
tenth Amendment to enact
legislation making certain that
no State law permits or sane
lions the unequal protection
or treatment Of any Of its
citizenS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
Congress Action
Required Soon

Although these recommends
tons were transmitted TO the
Congress some time ago, nei-
Their House has yet had an
opportunity TO vote on any Of
these essential measures. The
Negroes drive for justice, how
ever, has not stood still-nor
will 1t, II Is now clear. until
full equality IL achieved.
The growing and under
standable dissatisfaction Of
Negro citizens with the present
pace of desegregation, and their
Increased determination TO Sc
cure for themselves the equal
lty of opportunity and treat
ment to which they are right
fully entitled, have UNDERSIGNED
what should already have been
clear: The necessity OF the Con-
gress enacting this year-not
only the measures already pro-
posed-but also additional Leg
islation providing legal RENEE
dies for the denial OF certain
individual rights.
The venerable code Of equity
law com ands for every
wrong, n remedy" But In too
many communities. In too
many parts OF the country,
wrongs are inflicted on Negro
citizens for which no effective
remedy at law "a clearly and
readily available. State and To-
cal laws may even Affirmative
ly seek 10 deny the rights 10
which these citizens are fairly
entitled-and this can result
only In a decreased respect for
the law and increased VIOLA
tons OF the law.
In the continued absence OF
congressional action. too many
State and local officials a. well
as businessmen will remain
unwilling 10 accord these right,
10 all citizens. Some local
courts and local merchant,
may well claim 10 be uncer.
tain OF the law, while thoss
merchants who DO recognize
the justice OF the Negroes re.
quest land I believe these con.
stitute the great majority oil
merchants, North and SOUTH
will be fearful OF being tn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
Response to Plea
Found Reossurino

AT the same time, the re-
spouse Of the American people
to this appeal to their princi-
pies and obligations has been
reasSuring. Private progreSs-by
merchants and unions and local
organizations - has been
marked, II not uniform in many
areas. Many doors long closed
to Negroes, North and South,
have been opened. Local bi.
racial committees, under private
and public sponsorship. have
mushroomed. The Mayors of
our major cities. whom 4 earlier
addressed. have pledged re.
newed action.
But persiSting inequalities
and tensions make 1t clear that
Federal action must lead the
way, providing both the Ma.
tons standard and q Nation
wide solution. In short, the time
has come for the Congress Of
the United States to join with
the executive and judicial
branches in making 1t clear to
all that race has no place in
American life or law.
On February 20, / sent to the
Congress a message urging the
enactment this year Of three
important pieces Of civil rights
legislation:
1. Voting. Legislation to as
sure the availability to all of a
basic and powerful right-the
right to vote in a free Ameri-
can election-by providing for
the appointment Of temporary
Federal voting referees while
voting suits are proceeding in
areas of demonstrated need; by
giving such suits preferential
and expedited treatment in the
Federal courts: by prohibiting
In Federal elections the apphca-
ton of different tests and
standards to different voter ap-
plicants; and by providing that,
in voting suits pertaining to
such elections, the completion
Of the sixth grade by any APP
plieant creates q presumption
that he is literate. Armed with
the full and equal right to vote,
our Negro citizens can help win
other rights through political
channels not now open to them
in many areas.
2. Civil Rights Commission.
Legislation to renew and ex-
pand the authority Of the Com
mission on Civil Rights, enab-
ling 1t to serve as q national
civil rights clearing house Of
fering information. advice and
technical assistance to any pub
lie or private agency that so
requests.
3. School DesegregAtlOn. Leg
islation to provide Federal
technical and financial assist.
ance to aid school districts In
the process Of deseGregation in
compliance with the Constitu-
ton.
Other measures introduced In
the Congress have also received
the support Of this administra-
ton, including those aimed at
assuring equal employment OPP
portunity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

schools this year, having sur
fered q loss which can never
be regained.
Indeed, discrimination In
education Is one basic cause of
the other inequities and hard.
ships inflicted upon our Negro
citizens. The lack Of equal
educational opportunity de-
prives the individual Of equal
economic opportunity, restricts
his contribution as q citizen
and community leader, encour-
ages him to drop out Of school
and imposes a heavy burden on
the effort to eliminate dis
crtminatory practices and
prejudices from our national
life.
The Federal courts, pursuant
to the 1854 decision Of the
United States Supreme Court
and earlier decisions on insti-
tutions Of higher learning, have
shown both competence and
courage in directing the de-
segregation of schools on the
local level. It is appropriate
to keep this responsibility
largely within the judicial
arena.
But 1t is unfair and I'M
realistic to expect that the
burden Of initiating such cases
can be wholly borne by private
litieants. Too often those en-
titled to bring suit on behalf
of their children lack the eco
nomic means for instituting
and maintaining such cases or
the ability to Withstand the
personal, physical and eco
nomic haraSSment which some
times descends upon those who
do institute them. The same
is true of students wishing to
attend the college Of their
choice but unable to assume
the burden of litigation.
These difficulties are among
the principal reasons for the
delay in carrying out the 1854
decision; and this delay can.
not be justified to those who
have been hurt as a result.
Rights such as these, As the
Supreme Court recently said.
are present rights. They are
not merely hopes to some flu
ture enjoyment Of some for
malistic constitutional promise.
The basic guarantees Of our
Constitution are warrants for
the here and now. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

ing TO raise the level Of skills.
A distressing number Of un-
employed Negroes are Hitter
ate and unskilled. refugees
from farm automation. unable
to do simple computations or
even to read q help-wanted
advertisement. Too many are
equipped to work only in those
See TEXT, Page A-1e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

NEW YORK. - The total
a m cunt Of air-conditioning
equipment In use In the United
States has a cooling capacity
equivalent to melting 20 million
tons Of ice per day, say engi.
neers of q large manufacturer
of air-conditioning units.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
VATICAN
Continued From Page Al

continued From rage Al
that perhaps the extraordinary
manifestations of love and
grief which poured out from all
the world after the Pope's death
were not inspired by devotion
to the moral and democratic
of the church.
It is q thesis that cannot be
seriously argued. Pope John.
with his charity and charm, so
eroded the institutional quality
Of the papacy that astonishing
numbers Of his separated
brethren" and even non-be-
levers, whatever their reserva-
tons about his authoritarian
office. regarded him simply as
q member Of the family.
Cardinal Cushing Of Boston,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

more Jobs are not found in the
larger Northern cities in par
ticular.
Employment opportunities,
moreover. play q major role in
determining whether the rights
described above are meaning.
full. There Is little value in q
Negroes obtaining the right TO
be admitted to hotels and res
taurants II he has no cash in
his pocket and no lob.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

in one Of his many press con-
ferences, said 1t would not be
enough to find q Pope who
would carry on Pope Johns
policies.
The cardinals must, he said,
find someone like John" This
would appear q hopeless quest.
The Pope invested his pontifi-
cate with @ cosy, occasionally
impish quality which no mem
Der Of the College of Cardinals
could likely duplicate.
still, the conclave will end
with a puff Of white smoke.
the signal that a new Pope has
been chosen. The cardinals
and their "conclavistas" at
tendants-will remain in the
sealed area around the Sistine
Chapel until they do.
ConfalOnleri Most Mentioned
Cardinal Lercaro of Bologna
Is said to possess something Of
Johns pastoral spirit. Cardinal
Montini of Milan processes to
be heir to Johns ecumencial
dream.
Right now. however, the
compromise" candidate most
mentioned is Cardinal Con-
falonieri, who is acceptable to
the Curia, of which he is a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19
Federal Action
Provides Remedy

InCEC nave UCCl hASA CeoAAAe
public demonstrations Of re-
sentiment directed against this
kind OF Observation-Disclosures
onstrations which too often
breed tension and violence.
Only the Federal Government.
It Is clear, can m a Ike these
demonstrations unnecessary by
providing peaceful remedies for
the grievances which set them
off.
For these reasons. / am to-
day proposing, as part OF the
Civil Rights Act Of 1858, a pro-
vision TO guarantee all citizens
equal access to the services and
facilities Of hotels, restaurants
places Of anausements and re-
tail establishments.
This seems TO me to be an
elementary right. Its denial is
an arbitrary indignity that no
American In 1853 should have
to endure. The proposal would
give the person aggrieved the
right to obtain q court order
against the offending estab-
lishment or persons.
Upon receiving a complaint
In q case sufficiently important
to warrant his conclusion that
a suit would materially further
the purposes of the Act, the
Attorney Generate he finds
that the agerieved party is un-
able to undertake or otherwise
arrange for q suit on his own
for lack of financial means
or effective representation. OF
for fear Of economic or other
injury)-will first refer the
case for voluntary settlement
TO the Community Relations
Service described below. give
the establishment involved
time to correct Its practices
permit State and local equal
access laws Of any to operate
first, and then, and only then
initiate q suit for compliance
In short. TO the extent that
these unconscionanle practices
can be corrected by the indi-
vidual owners. localities and
States land recent experience
demonstrate how effectively
and uneventfully this can be
done). the Federal Government
has no desire TO intervene.
But an explosive national
problem cannot await city-by-
city solutions. and those who
loudly abhor Federal actor
only invite IL II they neglect
or evade their own obligations
This provision will open
doors In every part Of the
country which never should
have been closed. It's enact
ment will hasten the end ID
practices which have no place
In a free and united Nation
and thus help move this poten-
tally dangerous problem from
the streets TO the courts.
SCHOOLS
In my message OF February
20. while commencing the
progress already made In
achieving degeneration OF edu-
cation at all levels as required
by the Constitution. ! was COM
PEELED TO point out the slow
ness OF progress toward pri-
mary and secondary school de-
segregation. The Suprem
Court has recently voiced the
same opinion. Many Negro
children entering segregated
grade schools at the time OF
the Supreme Court decision In
1854 will enter segregated high
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-19

the general public.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

like who's Who" and in
cludes Ambassador and Mrs.
Winthrop Aldrich. the Mays,
the Duke and Duchess of
Windsor. Mrs. Dale Chester,
the Stephen Sanfords, Ar
rnours, Astors. DuPonts,
Cushings and others.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gardner have
been away from the resort.
They flew to Detroit for the
funeral Of Mrs. Frederick M.
Alger, wife Of the former AM
bassador and daughter of
Charles s. Dewey Of WASH
ington.
Former Ambassador VIII
liam Pheiffer has arrived
from New York and has
Joined Mrs. Pheiffer at their
seasonal suite in the Palm
Beach Towers.
George Marshall of the
Capital has been at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
PALM BEACH REPORT
Mar-a-Lago Is a Busy Setting

his yacht. honoring Miss
Adams.
Charles Baskerville, one Of
the Nations leading painters.
has Just closed o one-man
show at the Palm Beach Gal
leries. While in the resort.
MIR. Baskerville was the
house guest Of former AM
bassador and Mrs. Arthur
Gardner.