davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31
NEW BOOKS AT
HOLMES COUNTY LIBRAR

January 70, 1868
Nom Fiction:
The Pyramid Climbers, Vance
Packard.
Masterpieces of War Report
ing, Louis Snyder.
The Three Lives of Helen
Keller, Richard Harrity.
David, Warrior and King,
Frank Slaughter.
If | Knew Then, Debbie Rey-
nOlds.
Greece by Prejudice, Daphne
Atlas.
Homes of the American Pre-
sidents, Cranston Jones.
The White House and It's 33
Families, May Jensen.
Around the World Submerged,
Edward Beach.
American Authors and Books,
j. w. Burke.
Great Surveys Of the Ameri-
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Sterling Craw-
ford, Sterling, Jr., and Linda
of Aberdeen, spent the week
end visiting their parents,
Mrs. c. H. Ingram and Mr..
and Mrs. Lee Crawford.
Mrs. j. T. Lever visited in
the home of her brother, Mr..
and Mrs. Grady Crawford in
Yazoo City Friday night, re-
turning home Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Nor
phis and daughter, Michel of
Prentiss were visitors with
their parents, Mrs. ConAie
Boiling and Mr.. and Mrs. P.
l.. Montgomery over the week
end.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. G.. Cook
were business visitors in
Jackson Tuesday.
The town is delighted to
have Mr.. and Mrs. Pat Pep
per and children of Halle
hurst as residents. Mr.. Pep
per is taking over the Tri-
Coop in the place of Mrs. J.
T. Garland who is retiring
Feb. LIST.
Wallace Worthey is home
for a few days after taking
exams at Cleveland where he
attends school.
Mrs. Gordon Hart of Canton
visited her mother, Mrs. Le-
Ma Linn Tuesday afternoon.
They enjoyed a trip to Good
man.
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31
Xe1US
by Mrs. T.. X. Daniel

Rev. and Mrs. G.. H. Led
better went to Jackson Tues
day on business.
Mr.. Everd Dickerson under
went surgery at the Lexing-
ton hospital last week. He
came home Wednesday. We
wish him a speedy recovery.
Mr.. w. j. Waits had an eye
operation Tuesday morning
at the Baptist Hospital in
Jackson. He is reported doing
very well.
The AS You Like 1t Club
held Coffee Day at the City
Hail Wednesday for the Mar
Oh of Dimes.
Mrs. c.. E. Lyons, Mrs. A.
f. Jennings and Mrs. Charles
Martin of Jackson were
guests of their sister, Mrs.
S. d. Simpson Friday.
Mr.. George Atkinson and
sister, Mrs. Charles Mueller
of Memphis visited their mo-
Their, Mrs. Ed Atkinson over
the weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. R. People
and children, Randy and Ray
of Memphis were guests in
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. c.
V. Maxwell over the weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. David Hafer
and little daughter of Jack
son spent a few days with
her mother, Mrs. Martha Tye
McKie this week.
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31

The Wesleyan Service Guild
met with Mrs. G.. II. Ledbet-
ter at the parsonage Monday
night, Jan. 14th with Mrs.
Kenneth Wright as co-hostess.
Sixteen members were pre-
sent for the meeting.
Mrs. Josie Sledge was pro-
gram leader. The devotion
was given by Mrs. j. R. Ca
boon. During the social hour
the hostesses served a salad
plate with coffee.
Rev. and Mrs. G.. H. Led
better visited with Mr.. w. J.
Waits at the Baptist Hospital
in Jackson Tuesday.
Mr.. Marion Jenkins and
Vivian of Jackson spent Tues
day with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Arthur jenkins.
Mr. and Mrs. Willie Owen
are visiting this week in Oak
Grove, La. with Mr.. and Mrs.
w. G.. Hudson.
The Ed Linn House where
Mr.. and Mrs. Crooks are ltv-
ing caught fire Thursday aft
| ernoon. No serious damage
was done.
Mrs. Sam Bertrom, who has
been visiting with her sister
and family, Mr.. and Mrs. Bob
Bridgforth, left Saturday for
her home in Houston, Texas.
Mrs. William Owen enter
tanned her bridge club Fri
day afternoon. A plate lunch
was served.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Owen
and Steve will meet Mr.. and
Mrs. w. S. Owen in Vicks.
burg Sunday on their return
trip from Oak Grove, La.
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31

THIRD GRADE Teresa Ca
de and Bill Bowie.
P. T. A. meeting was sche-
duled for last Wednesday eve
ming but because of bad wea-
Their it was postponed.
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31

GRADE Rodger MCGEE and
Rooney Fleming. SIXTH
GRADE Ralph Bouchillon
and Sammie Aldridge.
FOURTH GRADE WAYNE
Marshall and Sue Edwards.
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31

Mr.. jim Lacy of Canton
was a welcomed visitor here
Friday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fritz john
son and children from Alaba-
ma are visiting their parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Fritz Johnson,
Sr. over the weekend.
Two bridge clubs met to-
gether at Reeds Cafe We'd
nesday for luncheon.
Guest players were Mrs.
B. II. Maxwell and Mrs. Billy
Atkinson. Mrs. H.. S. MCKEE
won high score, while Mrs.
William Owen bingoed. Mrs.
Norman Brown and Mrs.
Lloyd Dixon were hostesses.
Holmes County herald., 1963-01-31

Wallace Worthey is home
for a few days after taking
exams at Cleveland where he
attends school.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22
St. James Plans Special Service

The Women of St. James the Fisherman Episcopal Church will attend corporate service of Holy Communion Sunday, March 24, at 8 am
 Episcopal Churchwomen through out Alaska will be partaking of the corporate Communion, as will tn women of the Diocese of Michigan, the sister Diocese of Alaska.
 New ECW President Mrs. Chuck Powell, urged all women of St. James to attend Sundays service. Coffee and rolls will be served afterWard.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22
To Clear The Air

Dear Bill,
 Would you please publish the fol- lowing:
 Last week in your column "Ko- diak Kapsuies' you reported the humorous item that local minister was flagged down for exceeding the speed limit recently at the Naval Station.
 You mentioned in your whimsi- cal news item that the Marine who did the chasing and Tagging down thought that I was the driver of the automobile.
 No, 1t wasn't me. It was the Rev erend Donald Bullock of St. James the Fisherman Episcopal Churcn.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22
PTA Takes Stand On Pending Bills, To Name Officers

Members of the Kodiak PTA took stands on various legislative measures at their meeting on March IA. after hearing a discus sion on them by Supt. Ivor Schott and Phil Anderson.
 The organization endorsed HB 23 and 24 which proposes to add two members to the State Board of Education to represent rural and cn-base schools; SB 50 which would set up Board of Directors composed of three men for state operated schools; SB 67 which is measure for foundation pro- gram to equalize the tax program throughout Alaska.
 Definite opposition was ex- pressed to HB 32 which would lower the age of those who could purchase alcoholic beverages from 21 to 19.
 The group heard Mrs. Elsie Batchelor talk on speech and hear ing therapy and saw wide collec- ton of educational materials pur- chased with funds contributed by parents.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22
12O Job Openings At Alaska Ice?

In Sen. Ernest Gruening'S weekly newsletter from Wash. ington, D.C., commenting on the ARA $26O,OOO industrial loan to Alaska Ice and Storage, Inc., for expansion in Kodiak, it was brought out that some new 12O permanent jobs will be created in the expanded plant which processes fish and rents bulk cold storage space.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22
March PC Next Borough Meet

Next Borough Study Group meet ing will be held on Tuesday, March 26, at the district courtroom above the postoffice.
 At that time committee reports on the pros and cons of second class borough will be brought out by committees headed by Attorney Roy Madsen and Jim Barr.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22
IEO HUM DEPARTMENT

Mainland and US. papers have been carrying banner headlines about Russian planes flying over Alaska the past week The Rus sians have had several hundreds Of huge vessels operating 3 few miles off Kodiak Island the past two years.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22

There are 45,2OO,000 members of the American Red Cross-26, 400, GOO adults and 18,8Oo,0o0 young people.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22

Since many of my people are confused as to what really hap pened, would you please publish this reply in your paper.
 Sincerely,
 Rev. John J. Marx
Kodiak mirror., 1963-03-22

Mirror Ciassifieas bring results.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05

Filming has already started
on the episode for The Greatest
Show on Earth series in which
Lucille Ball plays her first TV
dramatic role. Called
Lady in Limbo" the show
features Lucy as a circus head
liner who performs with a
trained horse.
Lets Make Love-" the Yves
MOntand-MariIyn Monroe movie
Saturday (NBC-4) struc k
many as a funnier, tidier show
on the small screen than the
large screen. Cast Milton
Berle right-playing a varia-
ton Of the Berle image-and he
can be tremendous, as he was
in this feature. Chat was
quite a movie bargain night:
Lets Make Love-" Channel 4,
"The Dark at the Top of the
Stairs" Channel Q and thence
to Baltimore's Channel 2 for the
windup of "Sayonara.")
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05

What impressed me tremen-
dOusly was the acting, finest
I've seen in several seasons,
and the story's taut, documen-
tary-like direction. When Scott
tells the father that the father
would have consoled him
(Scott) in the same manner,
the story achieves PerIs high
est intent, and the intent Of
David SuSSkind and his asso.
ciates, to make this series say
something about the vast, bitter
problems we must all face to
gether.
49,
Face The World Dept: When
Ellen Wadleigh, who co-pro
duces CBS's Face the Nation
with PrentisS ChildS, left Bonn
last week with tapes of Sun.
days interview of West Ger.
mans Chancellor Ludwie
Erhard, she was teased because
she took one tape with her,
cautiously put the other on
another plane THAI
other copy, Ellen grinned yes.
terday, is still in transit: 81
was right" 81. The series new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05

ised since its premiere. Let's
hope it isn't too late; the series
first national rating was a di-
Saster.
For once, SCOTS role as the
social worker seemed in suita-
bic perspective. The focus, prop
erly, was on the young Negro
couple and their struggle to lift
themselves out Of the slums.
The man, played by James
Earl Jones, is the bitter one.
When he learns that the union
won't accept his trade school
diploma, he quits school and
tries to pursuade his wife
DIANA Sands) to quit her job
as a cocktail lounge waitress.
When their baby is bitten by a
rabid rat and dies, it is she who
breaks.
Mr.. Perl, who also produced
the episode, may have stacked
his story too obviously, but the
excellent acting and some beau
tifully written scenes gave il
rare credibility and power. Writ
er Perl made a few mistakes,
one of which was a bitter ref.
erence to Elizabeth Taylor.
Such lapSeS were happily I'm
common.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05
TODAY'S GOOD
MUSIC DIAL

1880. WHFS-FM (1O2.3 Me-
Stereo Concert Time. The
Chicago Symphony Orchestra
conducted by Fritz Reiner
and Erich LeinSdOrf. Works
by Brahms and Prokofiev.
SOS, WASH-FM (97.I Me-
Symphony in Stereo. Mo
zart's Marriage Of Figaro
Overture; Schumann's Sym
phony No. 3.
SOS. WGMS AMIN $50 Kc.
and 1885 Me- - Concert
Stage. Franck's Prelude,
Chorale and Fugue; Hinde-
mith's Sonata for Oboe and
Piano.
1890, WGTB-FM (9O.I Me-
Classical Repertoire. Proko-
fiev's Cinderella" Violin
Concerto No. 2 and Sym
phony No. 5.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05
EDUCATIONAL N
(CHANNEL 26)

5:30-Kindergarten.
6:OO-What's New. Children.
6:30-The American Economy.
7:OO-Operation Alphabet.
7:30-Georgetown University
Forum.
Subsistence Reporter.
S:3O-PTA Night.
9:O0-PhOtography.
s:3O-Survival in the Sea.
TOmOrTOw-AM
lin SCHOOL,
9:15, Science Reporter; Gas,
French l; 10:15, French II (R);
1890, Window On Our World;
Hoo, Language (R); 1880, Kin
dergarten; lis, Window On Our
World; las, Science Spotlight
R); 2:3O. French II; sis, Sets
and Systems.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05
WOOK-TV
(ChonneI ~

5:0O-Teenarama Dance Party.
6:3O-News, Weather, Sports.
7:OO-The Pendulum Mystery.
7:3O-Uncovered. Mystery.
S:OO-Mahaia jackson Sings.
S:3O-0scar Brown Jazz.
s:OO-Movie, Tough to Han.
de-" Action melodrama with
frankie Darro.
1O:3O-News, Weather, Sports.
11:OO-Mahaia jackson Sings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05

lease on life this season is no
accident After a two-year
hiatus, the programs return
with an international focus
Erhard last Sunday, Algeria's
Ahmed Ben Bella earlier-be-
speaks the networks upper
echelon interest. Next rec
commended steps: a more con-
venient time; a TelStar Give"
transmission.
80
On The Run:
NBC announces that Henry
Fonda has been signed to host
and act in the one-hour "pre-
view" of the American version
Of the British satirical revue,
That Was the Week That Was.
Don't look at me; I'm
just relaying the newS.) d.
TV date: November 10.
WGMS is wisely replaying a
revealing interview by The
Stars Grace Bassett Of DIR. NgO-
TOn-Dat, former first secretary
of the South Wet Nam Embassy
:. (Repeat, tonight, 9 o'clock
-. On the show, DR.. Dat says:
"MoSt of the generals in the
Army fighting the communists
Of North Vietnam would over
throw the government of Ma
dame Mus brother-in-law,
President Diem, given an op-
portunity Of assured success.
Our favorite TV magazine
section Tin the monthly PTA
Magazine) dismissed Harry's
Girls almost as abruptly as
Jack Paar: 'The critics seem
to be just about unanimous in
designating this show as the
worst of the season. 1t Ger.
tainly gets our own private
Empty Award"
Jack Benny sends us a copy
Of the classic "R Robinson
Crusoe" ahead Of his TV yer.
sion, set for November 10.
Jack adds: "Any similarity be-
tween the characters contained
herein and my television show
is purely a Pigment Of my writ
ers-who have no imagination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05
TODAY'S RADIO
HIGHLIGHTS

$3.50, WAMU-FM (8S.5 Me-
Let's Learn German. New
time.) Weekly language in
struction including classroom
discussion.
1890, WHFS-FM (IO2.3 Mc.)-
Sounds Of Jazz. GIN Stereo. }
Music recorded live from
W ashin gton's Showboat
Lounge. Guitarist Yves Mont.
gomery and his trio are
featured.
10:45, WRC-Election Highights.
Returns from all elections Of
national interest, including
the gubernatorial races in
Kentucky and Mississippi.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05
lndiu Buys Tobacco

NEW DELHI-The United
States has agreed to sell In
dia s2.6 million worth Of tobac-
co for use in cigarettes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-05
ON THE AIR
SCOTS N Series
Finally ExpIodes
By BERNIE HARRISON
Star ~ Critic

East Side West Side the laundering George Scott drama
series for which Of the seasons highest hopes were held
finally came through last night WT0P-s) with who Do You
kip? stngingy real story Of the New York sums which
Arnold Perl fashioned from the newspageS like catapult
This precisely the kind of an explosion we've been prom
Evening star., 1963-09-28
Caracas Arrests,
Frees U.S.. Editors

CARACAS, Venezuela. Sept
% (AP).-PoIice held two
American newspaper editors for
a time Thursday after they
interviewed Communist leader
Gustavo Machado. one of the
editors said yesterday.
Charles K. Lucey, editor OF
the Trenton IN. JO Evening
Times. said the arrest was "a
mistake on the part Of a police
officer"
Mr.. Lucey said he and Walker
Stone, editor In chief OF
Scripps Howard Newspapers
were taken to two separate po-
lice stations and released with q
summons to appear in court.
The sum m IONS was with
drawn, he said, after an inter-
view yesterday with President
Romulo Betancourt.
II think it's all washed up
now." Mr.. Lucey said. "Presi-
dent Betancourt didn't make
anything Of 1t and we didn't
make anything OF 1t to him."
The police have been keeping
close watch on the activities
Of communist congressman. ac-
cused by the government Of
directing terrorist attacks under
cover Of their parliamentary
immunity from arrest. Machado
and his brother are deputies.
Evening star., 1963-09-28

TOKYO, Sept. % fAP).-
Communist China today created
two new cabinet posts-the
fifth and sixth ministries Of
machine building-and named
an artilleryman and a former
army-navy commander to head
them.
The New China News Agency
did not reveal the functions OF
the two ministries but the min
isterial choices suggested they
may have been set UP to turr
out military hardware, possibly
of the nuclear rocket variety.
1t. Gen. Chiu Chuang-cheng
political commissar of artillery
of the Peoples Liberation
Army, was named to head the
fifth ministry. Fang Chang, a
former general and admiral
who has been deputy minister
of the first ministry of machine
building, was appointed TO the
sixth.
Joined Army at 16
Gen. Chiu was generally re-
garded as the artillery master
mind behind the massive she'll
Evening star., 1963-09-28
MAX FREEDMAN
Column Hitting CIA Stirs Row

made plain to me that this
conclusion, standing by itself.
did less than justice to a very
complex story, and events in
Wet Nam had to be seen in a
much larger context. I then
wrote with more than my
customary sharpness, not be-
cause I was trying to do a
hatchet job on anyone in the
CIA, but because my mind
was still smarting from what
I had come to regard as my
unfairness to the State De-
partment. I am quite sure
that the CIA, If 1t wished,
could go over the record to
prove that the State Depart
m ment's wisdom, too, has
sometimes faltered.
There is really only one
Justification for this frag-
ment Of Journalistic history.
BY its very nature the CIA is
the only agency, apart from
the Supreme Court, that
cannot defend itself in public
against criticism, VIII e t h er
fair or unfair. The criticisms
which it has received over
the years have made the CIA
peculiarly sensitive and vul-
nerable to attack. The plain
fact is that no one yet has
proposed anything that will
solve the problems Of Wet
Nam. So the debate will con-
tinue with vehemence and
deep conviction, as 1t should,
and in that debate the CIA is
we'll able to hold its own. And
it can do so by looking firmly
at Wet Nam and not looking
anxiously over its shoulder at
the State Department.
BY my own standards, I
have already been punished.
I had intended to write a CO.
lumn today in tribute to T. s..
Eliot on his 18th birthday.
Now that is a really impor-
tant subject, unlike the
quagmire in Wet Nam. I sup
pose I will now have to defer
my tribute to the great poet
until his 80th birthday, by
which time all of us, I trust.
will long have forgotten the
miseries of Wet Nam.
@ 1868
Evening star., 1963-09-28

A m erican businessmen that
they do not ant to sign a con-
tract until they are sure the
United States Government will
not block the deal.
Presumably, the businessmen
will file an export application
with the Commerce Depart
ment. This will force the ad-
ministration to make the policy
decision, which Is expected to
be favorable.
The Russians want to pur-
chase the wheat at the world
price, Mr.. Joseph said. This Is
about $l.30 a bushel. compared
with the United States domest-
ic price Of around $1.90.
The United States Govern
ment makes UP the difference
in sales to friendly countries
and the administration believes
1t has the authority to do the
same with the Soviet Union.
Evening star., 1963-09-28
Jurist Appointed
Greek Premier

ATHENS. Greece, Sept. "a
(AP).-The president Of the
Supreme Court has been named
by King Paul to head a care
taker government until Greece'S
parliamentary elections No
vember 3.
Stylianos Mavromichalis, a
81 l-year-old jurist who has been
out of politics since joining the
tribunal in 1946, was ap-
pointed Premier yesterday fol-
lowing the resignation OF Pre-
mier Panayiotis Pipinelis.
The appointment Of a judge
rather than a parliamentary
deputy as Premier was regarded
as a major concession to oppo-
sition parties, which had de-
manded a nonpolitical care
taker regime.
Mr.. Pipinelis, member Of the
leading National Radical Union
Party, took over in June when
Premier Constantine Caraman-
lis resigned in a dispute with
the royal family.
Led by the Center Union
Party. opposition elements ac-
cused Mr.. Pipinelis Of trying
to rig the national elections
and threatened to boycott the
voting unless he was replaced
Evening star., 1963-09-28
Cholera Toll Hits
26 in South Korea

SEOUL, Korea. Sept. %
AP).-The death toll from
cholera since last week rose to
26 today. an increase Of 4 in
"a hours. the Central Anti
Cholera Center announced.
The number Of cases across
the country was $50. Eight new
cases were reported in this cap
ital, the center said.
TOKYO, Sept. 20 (AP).-
The Japanese Coast Guard to-
day deployed a Gordon Of 81
patrol ships in the Korean
Strait to prevent the spread OF
the South Korean cholera cpl
demic TO Japan.
The Maritime Safety Board
strung out 40 vessels at inter-
walls Of about six miles on a
280-mile sea front TO intercept
and board ships coming from
Korea. Another l3 ships were
placed on patrol in front and
10 the rear OF this line.
Evening star., 1963-09-28
ARTHUR HOPPE
Just Plain Jack in the WiIds

Pierre-Oh, no, Chief. This
is a conservation trip. We
worked 1t out so you won't
see a soul for days. All, will
derness! Nothing but wilder
ness. You'll preserve all this
grandure. Think how your
memory will be revered by
generations yet unborn.
Jack-Right. And think
how many Of them will vote
next November. Maybe we
better change that itinerary
a bit. Now, let's see. Well
make speeches In Salt Lake
City. Laramie. Seattle. Taco
ma and Great Falls, Mont.
We've got trouble in Monta-
ma. Toss in Las Vegas. Neve-
da's touch and go. And throw
in a dam in California.
That's a real swing State.
And =.
Pierre-But, Chief, what
about the wilderness?
Jack Chand over heart)-
No one, Pierre, loves the will
derness more than I. Even
tn ou g h I've never seen 1t.
And I will prove this to one
and all. No matter how many
big cities I must go to.
Will Jack save the Wilder
ness? Will Jack Give a Dam?
Tune In to our next episode,
folks. And meantime, as you
go down the byways of life,
remember: To preserve the
age-old glories Of nature all
you need is Just plain jack.
Evening star., 1963-09-28
Sensitive Response Shows Emotion
Aroused by Controversy on Wet Nam

That colum n was finished
the day before the Presi-
dents last news conference.
Not a word had to be
changed by what he said.
Any satisfaction which I
might have had at this result
soon disappeared when I re-
ceived a call from the State
Department. My caller ex-
pressed surprise and sadness
that anyone as friendly to
the administration as I am
could have written about the
complicated and d protracted
debate on Wet Nam with so
little acknowledgment of the
wisdom In the State Depart
ment'S case.
My friend who had given
me the first briefing never
had any thought of being
unfair to the State Depart
ment. He was so eager to
educate me that he had no
time for other matters. Later
and more extensive discus
sions resulting from that dis
turbing call convinced me
that an unintentional injus-
tice had been com mitte d
against the State Depart
ment. Now 1t so happens that
the good name of the State
Departm mt has always
meant a great deal to me;
and so l agreed to do a Sec
ond column.
1t should be evident from
this history that nothin G
could be more remote from
the truth than the suspicion
that someone in the State
Department wanted to use
me to strike a dirty blow at
the Central Intelligence
Agency. The facts forbid any
such conclusion.
But 1t was not easy to
write that second column.
given the point Of view ex-
pressed in the first piece. For
I had said that there was no
clear or visible alternative to
the Diem Government or to
the present policy. 1t was