davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Navajo times., 1963-11-21
THE CHAPTER MOVEMENT


The development of a medium
for effective communication and
contact between the federal gov
ernmem and the Navajo people
remained a serious problem and,
in 1927. John Hunter. Superinten-
dem of Leupp Agency began the
development Of local community
organizations which came 20 be
known as Chapters. These were
designed to bring the Navajo peo-
ple together At q local level where
REPRESENTATIVES of the Bureau Of
Indian Affairs. in conjunction with
returned Navajo students. could
exert more effective influence to-
ward the Improvement of livestock
and agricultural techniques. the
advancement of educ alton and other
detectives of the administration.
The Chapter movement spread
rapidly as other Navajo jurisdic-
lions took il up. coming temPorar-
ily to a halt during the years of
controversy over stock reduction
and range coutrol--roughly 1882
l95O--tIe Chapter movement re-
vived after 1880. and it has stead
ily gained strength until today there
are 96 recognized Chapters located
throughout the Navajo Country.
The Chapter movement began
only a few years after the es-
fabIishmeut Of the first Navajo
tribal Council, but for many years.
Navajo times., 1963-11-21

Gil.
The need for creation of re-
preventative governing body had
existed for many years, but the
concept did not fit within the con-
text of traditional Navajo social
organization, and it was not until
1921 that motive presented it
self, sufficiently compelling to
overcome the inertia that had pre-
viously prevented steps toward the
institution of tribal government.
In 1921, oil was discovered within
the boundaries of the original
Treaty Reservation, and the Mid
west Refining Company was au-
thorized to negotiate with the In
dians of the San Juan (Northern
Navajo) Jurisdiction for an oil
and gas development lease. A "ge-
neral council lie. assembly, of
the Indians resident in that juris-
diction was called, and a lease
was approved for oil and gas pur-
poses on 4,8OO acres of land. The
calling of the general council"
no doubt met the requirement set
forth in Article K of the Treaty
of 1868 which provided that mo
future treaty for the cession of
any portion or part of the ReSer-
vation herein described, which may
be held in common, shall be of
any validity or force against said
Indians unless agreed to and exc
cuted by at least three fourthS of
all the adult male Indians occupy
ing or interest in the same. :"
However, the use of a general
council" as a medium for securing
the approval of the Tribe to leases
and other actions affecting tribal
resources was clumsy and actually
limited in its application on
wide basis.
At about the same time three
additional 4,8OO-acre oil and gas
leases we're authorized by gen.
eral council of Indians resident in
the Southern Navajo jurisdiction.
These we're surrendered for can
collation. after only few months.
Several additional leases were
subsequently negotiated with In
dians of the San Juan jurisdiction,
but these we're disapproved by the
Secretary of the Interior. Whereas,
originally, lease approval by a
general council of Indians within
the Jurisdiction where the oil and
gas was found was considered
sufficient. on the premise that it
belonged exclusively to the Indians
of that jurisdiction. the policy of
the Department of the Interior
changed to accept the premise that
Oil and gas discovered in any part
of the Reservation belonged to the
Navajo Tribe as whole. and not
exclusively to the residents of the
jurisdiction in which it was found.
Application of this policy made it
unfeasible to continue the system
of calling general councils
which might and mi ght not repre-
sent three fourths of the adult
male population of the Tribe. and
focused attention on the compel
ling necessity to develop demo-
cratic. representative tribal gov
erning body which would comprise
membership from all ofthe Navajo
Jurisdictions, and with whom al
matters of Tribal interest coulc
be resolved. During 1922 a"Busi-
ness Council composed of Chez
Dodge, Charlie and Dugal Chez
Bekiss acted on behalf of the
Tribe in the negotiation of leases
However, the legality of the
''Busines Council was question
able. and on January II. 1928
Commi ssioner of Indian Affair:
CLo~1oe IL R,,~ko nr0rVnI1Cofo6 :
Navajo times., 1963-11-21
TRIBAL COUNCIL


During the first ten years of
its existence the Tribal Council
met on an annual basis, usually for
a period of two days. The MEM
bership of the first Council was
to have been composed originally
of a delegate and an alternate from
each of the six superintendencies
(San Juan, Western Navajo, Sou
thern, Pueblo Bonito, Leupp and
Moqui), who in turn elected
Chairman and a Vice Chairman.
However, the inequality of this
apportionment apparently led to
revision in the April "a, 1923
version of the Council regulations
to provide for a total of twelve
delegates and twelve alternates,
apportioned among the six juris-
dictions in proportion to the pop
ulation.
The Chairman was chosen from
candidates outside the. Council
members ship, while the Vice Chair
manSh1p was tllled by one OF the
delegates. Council meetings were
called by the Commi ssioner of the
Navajo Tribe, and could not be
held except in his presence.
The Regulations Relating to
the Navajo Tribe of Indians" as
promulgated on January 27, 1923,
and as amended on April "a of the
same year, are reproduced as an
appendix to this section as a mat
ter of historical interest. Although,
in general they paralleled each o.
Their closely, there are significant
differences as noted above.
ITO be continued in
next iSSue)
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

Jaycees also voted to send
copies of the Constitution, the
Declaration of independence
and the Bill of Rights to
County Supt. of Schools, Mabel
Ernster, for distribution to
schools in the area; endorsed
the Kiwanis Club project which
will bring in a former FBI
agent, w. Cleone Scousen, to
speak on Communism here
Jan. 10; and agreed to place
monies left over from the
Christmas Shopping Tour in a
special fund to be used for
similar activities for needy
youngsters throughout the year.
Jaycees also helped sponsor
a dance for teenagers at the
Elks following the Friday night
basketball game and made
plans to send three delegates
to the State Board meeting in
Bozeman Feb. 15-16-17. Dele
gates will be named later.
After the business meeting
members saw a movie on Medi-
care.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Mountain States
To Build Micro
Relay System

will link Opheim and Plenty
wood. The new circuits added
by the micro-wave system will
supplement facilities presently
provided by pole line routes
and will augment inter-city
services for 20 north eastern
Montana communities.
The micro-wave tranSmitters
and receivers will be the la
test type of hi-frequency radio
operating in the 6 million cycle
range. The transmitting and
receiving antenna at the Z new
locations to be established will
be direct line-of-sight with
each other. Telephone CONVEX
sationS carried on the system
will flash from hill top to hill
top with the speed of light, be
amphlified and passed on to
the next station.
The relay system used can
be comparer to the Pony EX-
press rider who obtained a
fresh pony at frequent inter
walls and carried the messages
to their destination.
Construction of the new sys-
tenn is scheduled to start this
spring with completion in mid
summer this year, Redhair said.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Elks Preparing
For Mid Winter
Conference

The Sidney Elks will host
the Montana State Elks As
ISOLATION Mid-winter meeting
this weekend.
Delegates are expected to be-
gin arriving in Sidney Friday
afternoon for early registra-
ton. The convention will get
under way Saturday morning
at 9 am. with the opening
business session.
State president John J. Cum
bingham Of Butte will be on
hand for the Saturday meet
ings. Cunningham, who is the
fifty-ninth president of the
Montana State Elks Associa-
ton, was born in Leadville,
Colorado. He has lived in Butte
for the past fifty-nine years.
Cunningham has been a
member of the Butte Elks
Lodge for thirty-five years and
served as Exalted Ruler in
1886. He has served con-
tinously on various state AS
ISOLATION committees for TWEEN
ty-one years.
There will be a noon lunch
con on Saturday and a dinner
at 7:30 ON A dance for Elks
and their wives will be held
after the dinner. 1t is expected
that about $50 out-of-toWn
Elks will be in attendance.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Once Nazi Youth to
Speak at Fairview

Kurt Peters, manager of in
formation and education for
Montana-Dakota Utilities will
be guest speaker at the Fair
view Chamber and Soil Con-
servation banquet at the East
Fairview School at $50 pm.
January 81.
Peters was Is years old when
Adolph Hitler became chancel-
lor of Germany in 1888. The
slender, blond boy lived with
his parents, Frieda and August
Peters, in an apartment house
in the seaport city of Hamburg.
Life as a Nazi youth was excit-
ing, he enjoyed the feeling of
belonging to a master race
His father, a cabinetmaker
and social Democrat, would
gently admonish, my son, you
may be right, but you must re-
member that there are other
ways of living and other races
in the world"
Kurt was uncOnvinced. Dur
ing his winter vacation in 1895,
he and a friend hitch liked to
Continued ON Page A.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
employment i'm
Sidney IS Good

During the calendar year
1862, 767 local and out of area
workers were placed on non
agriculture jobs in Sidney and
the surrounding area by the
Sidney Employment office, re-
ported Howard Sarbu, mana
ger. Nearly 100 more workers
were placed on jobs in 1862
than 1861.
Sarbu attributed the increase
in the placement of workers to
the start of several projects
during the year. At one time
seven construction jobs were
being worked simultaneously.
These included a school in
Lambert, an electrical sub
station, an electrical transmits
sion line, telephone building,
city hall and two service sta
tons.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Chuirmen
Have Been Chosen

Welcome, Eldon Steffens.
Committees have been drawn
up, but additions and deletiOns
will no doubt affect the final
committees which are to be an
nounced at a later date.
The primary change this year
will be an Activities Committee
which will combine the former
Merchant and Athletic Promo
ton Committees. This commit
tee will have a SiX-man coor-
dination group and will also
continue with the monthly
merchant meetings as long as
Continued on Page a
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
December Was Kind TO Frontier
Air|ines at Sidney Airport

Passenger boardings at From
tier in Sidney established a
record in Sidney as we'll as
throughout Frontier Airlines'
10-state system, according to
Frontier manager Jim Sebas-
tan.
There were 500 passengers
that passed through the local
airport in December, Sebastian
said. Sidney is a transfer point
for flights originating in Billings
Bismarck and Great Falls.
On December 80 there were
81 persons in the Sidney ter
minal building, which accord
ing to Sebastian, is quite a feat
in itself. He credits the increase
in passengers to Frontiers
youth plan, whereby a below
% can purchase a oneway
ticket for half and also to
Frontiers family plan which
has rates that allow the wife
a so per cent discount and
children to 81 a rs per cent
discount.
During the 3-day weekend
preceding Christmas 4,426 pas
sengers used Frontier flights
for a 35 per cent-increase over
the same holiday weekend per-
iod of a year ago. 1t was q
new high record for weekend
travel on Frontiers system.
For the year 1862 Frontier
carried 374,400 passengers
Continued on Page d
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
City Promotion
Expected to Aid
March of Dimes

Plans are now under way
for a March of Dimes "benefit
sale" to be held Friday and
Saturday, January IS and 26
by participating Sidney mer-
chants.
Additional details of the
program will be carried in
next weeks issue of the Sid
ney Herald.
The March of Dimes program
this year is being guided by
Jack Fulkerson of Sidney.
eve hope to have sale tab
les, grab bags and other types
of sales approaches next week.
he said. Fulkerson explained
that merchants will be donat-
ing a share of their sales those
two days to the March OF
Dimes.
Anyone who hasn't been con-
tacted about the program by
the March of Dimes committee
can contact the Sidney Herald
for further Information.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

In addition, a new union
contract calling for a shorter
work week resulted in many
more job openings becoming
available in sugar beet process
sing work.
Sarbu said he also noted an
increase in the use of the Sid
ney Employment office facili-
ties by employers to meet their
hiring needs. More and more
local employers are realizing
that the Sidney Employment
office is the community head
quarters for securing qualified
and willing workers. Every
year sees a new list of employ
ers turning to the Employment
Services advanced methods of
selection, screening and testing
for their new and replacement
workers.
Sarbu went on to say that
646 applicants registered for
work at the Sidney Employ
ment office during 1862. OF
this total, 141 were given job
counSeling to assist them in
securing suitable work. Gen
eral aptitude tests were given
to 5 to determine their highest
skills. Specific tests were adj
ministered to an additional SO
applicants to determine their
qualifications for certain job
openings, and As tipping and
short hand tests were given to
determine the applicants pro-
ficiency before referral to job
openings.
The Sidney Employment Of
flee offers many related SER
vices such as help in reducing
turnover and absenteism, inn
proving effectiveness of the
work force, providing current
and complete labor market in
formation on a local and ma
tionwide basis. Sarbu said many
requests were received for these
services during the year. Sarbu
said the job opportunity out
look in Sidney during 1868 is
very promising. Recent oil dis
Continued on Page a
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

Chairmen for the eleven COM
mittees of the Chamber of
Commerce have been named
by President HUI Williamson.
They are Agriculture, c.
bud" Bracken; Aviation, Jack
Knoop; Activities, Charles
Evanson; Civic Affairs, Curt
Ball; Membership and Finance,
Walter Dasinger; Convention
and Tourist, Wayne Cumming;
Education and Business Rela-
tons, Francis Jones; Industrial
Development, Elmer Sorensen;
Legislative Action, Gene La
londe; Road, Oscar Anderson;
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
PTA VIII.
Discuss New
Grade School

Sidney's proposed new grade
school will come up for discus
sion at the PTA meeting jan
uary %.
The discussion will be led
by Supt. H. F. Mikelson, Prin-
cipal James E. Weitz and mem
bers Of the school board. Mikel-
son said petitions were ready
for some type Of action.
James Wood. will give a talk
explaining the program and
procedure in the modern math
courses which are offered at
the Sidney schools. Wood is a
graduate of Montana State
University with a major in
mathematics.
Everyone is urged to attend
this important meeting.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Council Looks &c
Plans Fsor Possible
Y True K Route

The route would use Holly
st. to 9th Ave. East, then fol-
low 9th Ave to the road just
south of town before turning
west again to rejoin the high
way at the intersection near
the former Lone Tree Inn. 1t
would be essentially a farm
to market road. Mayor Harold
Mercer said.
Total cost of the route, which
when completed, would be a
"A fit. wide oiled road, is APP
proximately 100000, of which
about $4,000 would be with
in the city limit. Cost TO the
city for its share will be $685.
400, Mercer said.
Councilmen are considering
the possibility of a bond issue
to finance the route when the
State Highway Department has
completed securing rights of
way.
Councilmen also discussed
ways to help another proposed
oiling project, which is being
considered by Rich1and county
commissioners. This would call
for oiling of about two miles
of road from Highway 16 to
the Sidney cemetery.
Commissioners appointed
Paul Kordonowy to the Sidney
Police Force, replacing Harold
Grinolds, who resigned to be-
come a deputy sheriff.
Bids for an all purpose trac-
tor were tabled pending fur
Their study.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

Construction of a new micro
wave communication network
for northeastern Montana was
announced today by George I.
Redhair, vice-president and
general manager of Mountain
States Telephone.
The $500 900 project is one
of the largest programmed in
Montana by the firm in 1868.
The new system will provide
the latest in communication
technology for linking cities
together by micro-wave.
The general route of the mi
cro-wave network follows eX-
listing highways from Glendive
and P~lentywood. Other sites
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Frontier Official
Will Visit in
Sidney sday

Vern Carlson, assistant to
President Lewis Dymond of
Frontier Airlines, will be in
Sidney from 9 am. to II pm.
January II to discuss From
tiers service to Sidney and any
matters pertaining to the forth
coming Montana "Use 1t or
Lose 1t" investigation.
Carlson will be accompanied
Continued on Page A.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
ESQ Attend
BIND Annual
Feeder Banquet

About $50 feeders and ladies
braved the sub-zero weather
last Saturday to attend the
32nd Annual Lower Yellow
stone Feeder banquet at the
LalOnde Hotel.
With the temperatures at a
minus 25, the tour attendance
was down to about sixty brave
feeders and others interested
in the farms visited. However,
the attendance picked up con-
siderably for the afternoon pan
Ell discussions and nearly reach
ed normal for the evening ban
quet.
Continued on Page A
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

City councilmen heard a re-
port by city engineer Willard
Webster on the proposed truck
route which would allow
trucks carrying such products
as sugar beets, livestock, or
hay and feed, or articles des-
tined for the railroad shipment
or the livestock yards, to leave
the main highway detour the
business and residence section.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Jaycees Map Plans for
Bosses Program

Plans for the annual Bosses
Night dinner meeting were re-
ported complete at a meeting
of the Sidney Jaycees Thurs
day evening.
The speaker for the evening
will be Harrison Fagg of Bill
lings and awards will be made
for the "BoSS of the Year. and
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Noted vioIinist
And Pianist
Slated Here

Two internationally known
musicians, KEGS Hooper, Dutch
violinist and Mary Louise
Boehm, American pianist, will
be presented in joint recital by
the Sidney Concert Association
Thursday, January "a, at 8:15
pm.
The artists have already
gained an outstanding inter
national reputation through
their many appearances in this
country and in Europe. Critics
and audiences alike have land
ed their innate sense of style,
their vitality and brilliance and
their masterful command CT
technique, which place them
among the top artists Of their
generation.
Before coming to the
United States, Mr.. Hooper
was considered one of the
major violinists in his ma
tive Holland. At his debut
in the famous Amsterdam
ConcertgebOuw in 1949,
the excited public brought
him a standing ovation. In
1851 the young virtuoso
added to his fame as a
prize winner in the Inter
national Queen Elizabeth
Of Belgium violin contest
in Brussels, which is con-
sidered one of the most
difficult competitions in
the world. /
Miss Boehm, a native O
Iowa, made an suspicious debu
in Chicago at the age of Is
She reached full artistic mat
urity under the guidance 0
the master pianists Rober
Casadesus and Walter Giese
king, and has concertized ex
tensively both in the Unite
, States and in Europe.
The two artists met on tn
: concert stage in Paris, and wer
married three years later. 1
: addition to continuing thei
= separate careers as Soloist,
} they have combined forces i
7 joint recitals and in chambe
music with great success. The
Continued on Page a
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Several Groups
Endorse Talk
OF Skousen

w. Cleon Skousen, former
FBI agent, noted lecturer, and
author of the best-selling book,
''The Naked Communist" will
speak in Sidney Friday, jan
uary 18 at 8 pm. at the Sidney
Junior High School.
The Acknowledgements speak
er, whose subject will be "Com-
munist Challenge 1863" is
sponsored here by the Kiwanis
and endorsed by the VFW,
Elks, Richland County Farm
Bureau and the Jaycees.
Skousen, a native of Ray
mond, Alberta, Canada, served
as student body president at
San Bernardino college in Cali
fornia, then attended George
Washington University in Wash
ington, Dc, where he received
his LIB degree.
He entered the FBI in 1885
while attending law school and
was subsequently appointed a
special agent. He served in
various parts Of the United
States and during World War
II was appointed to a supervi-
sorry administrative position al
FlBI headquarters in Washing
ton, DC. He left the FBI ii
1861 to become director Of
public services and a member
of the faculty at Brigham
Young university.
In 1856 Skousen was giver
a leave of absence from thi
university to reorganize tn
Salt Lake City police depart
ment. At the end Of this as
signment, Time Magazine sal
Continued on Page a
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Chamber Dinner
VIII Be Held
On January "a

Chief Justice James Harrison
of Helena will be the main
speaker for the annual mem
bership meeting January "a.
Milt Anderson will be mas
ter of ceremonies.
HUI Williamson will officially
accept the office of Chamber
Continued on Pace ~
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

for the outstanding Young
Man for 1862" at the January
% banquet in the Lalonde Ho-
tel. Any full time employee
may recommend his employer
for the honor. Dean Brunsvold,
chairman for the annual event,
reported on the completed
plans.
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
Rainbow Girls
Elect Officers
For New Year

The Order of Rainbow for
Girls, elected Kathleen John
son as Worthy Advisor for
the winter term at their jan
uary meeting. She is a daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Erwin John
son.
Other officers elected are
Jane Weber, Associate Advi-
sor; Karen Hyde, Charity; Pat
ii Price, Hope; Mary Jane Eek
ley, Faith; Pauline Foss. Re-
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16

corder; Mary Ellen Ellington,
Treasurer; Georgane Ellington,
Chaplain; Bonnie Burns, Drill
Leader; Sonia Witt, Love; Judy
Wind, Immortality; Marcia
Continued or Page a
The Sidney herald., 1963-01-16
This Weeks Chuckle

Many people who complain
about being up to their ears
in work are just lying down
on the job.
Jackson advocate., 1963-09-07

tury-long custom of segrega-
uon. OF those nine, incident
aIiy, one requested trans
Ter back to her original school.
and the other eight graduated
with high academic marks
DR.. Stephens said that no
special police protection is
planned for the Negro students
who enter this year, because it
is not expected any will be
needed. In September. 1861, the
four high schools that were TO
be integrated were surrounded
by police officers, and the Ne
gro students were escorted by.
guards when they arrived.
Another significant difference
in planning is that this year
there will be no special orien-
tation meetings for Negro stu
dents. Those attending white"
schools for the first time will
be included in the "get-ac-
quainted" program that is pro-
vided for all new students.
This, DR.. Stephens believes. will
relieve the Negro lStudents Of
any feeling that they are being
set apart from the ,rest of the
school group.
Strategy Noted
However, one OF the first four
high schools to be integrated-
Northside - which received
three of the nine pioneer" Me-
gro students, no longer has any.
All three graduated. and no
others have been assigned there
merely because very few
Negroes are living in the
wealthy, fashionable neighbor-
hood Northside serves. Those
originally assigned there trav-
eled an average Of 10 miles
daily from their homes.
1t now can be disclosed that
the selection of Northside for
the largest number of original
Negro students was purpose.
full bit of strategy adopted by
the school officials. They did
not want parents in less pros
porous sections of Atlanta to
feel that their schools were be-
ing integrated while wealthy
Northside families were escap-
ing it.
Now there Is less and less
talk of escaping" Gradually
and except for a few extrem-
istS-school integration is being
accepted in Atlanta rs an
established and normal way Of
life,