davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-01
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1868

ticipate that the United States will
answer in kind-with retaliatory bar
rierS against what they would like to
export to us.
In fact, as a result of the EEC's
decision against our poultry, the United
States Government is even now engaged
in working out precise measures of
retaliation. The prospect is depressing.
What is in the making is potentially
dangerous type of trade warfare be-
tween our country and some of it's best
allies. And this is particularly ironic
because of the large role Americans
have played, inspirationally and other
wise, in bringing about the creation of
the Common Market. Why now should
we be at war with it?
This is situation that encompasses
more than mere trade. Obviously, If a
kind of economic warfare develops
between the United States and the Com
mon Market, the Western alliance will
be hurt, perhaps mortally. After all,
allies cannot be genuinely good allies If
they fight each other in the market
place with such throat-cutting devices
as eXport-import barriers. 1t is gloomy
outlook all the way around.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Chickens and the West

The six members Of the European
Common Market-France, West Ger
many, italy, Belgium, the Netherlands
and Luxembourg-are united on one
thing They have no sympathy with our
country's request for lowering of tariff
barriers against American poultry.
Chickens, of course, are very small
things in our very big and very complex
world. But in relation to the Common
Market-the European Economic Com
munity-they are no laughing matter.
Last year, for example, our exports of
chickens to the FEC were valued at $50
million, a sum Of more than passing
Importance to the Americans engaged
In the business.
Apart from the dollars involved,
however, the most disturbing aspect Of
this matter is its symbolism. 1t seems
to portend strong policy Of protection
ism on the part Of the Common Market
not only as regards American chickens,
but also as regards our other agricultural
exports to the area, exports valued at
about $400 million annually. Certainly,
If the nations of the FEC put up bars
against these exports, they must an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Judicial Integrity

Since they reflect so adversely on
the integrity of the judicial process, the
charges which have been made by
Judge Ben Cameron, of the Fifth
United States Circuit Court of Appeals,
are much too serious to be brushed
aside or ignored They ought to be
thoroughly investigated, and, though
one might prefer that the investigation
should be conducted by some other
agency than Senator EaStland's Judi
ciary Committee, the facts, we suppose,
will speak for themselves once they
have been assembled.
The jurisdiction Of the Fifth Cir
cult Court covers the Deep South, and
this court has long been held in low
esteem by the white people of that area.
But this is the first time, as far as we
know, that the tribunals integrity has
been challenged by anyone-much less
by member of the Court itself.
,~ The Fifth Circuit Court is COM
posed of nine judges Zone has been ill)
but most cases actually are heard by
panels of three judges. 1t is this of
which Judge Cameron complains. He
says in effect that the assignment of
judges to the panels has been rugged
in order to produce decisions favorable
to Indignation. Judge Cameron charges
that four of the nine judges have sat
on panels which decided % of Is recent
cases. One Of these four judges, John
Minor Wisdom, says the selection of
the panels is governed by pure
chance" Obviously, Judge Cameron
doesn't agree. And in a criticism di-
rected specifically to Chief Judge Tut
tie, Judge Cameron declared: 1.-THE idea
that the chief judge may thus gerry
rnander the United States judges of
State in order to accomplish a desired
result is, think, entirely foreign to
any just concept of the proper conduct
of the judicial process"
This, Of course, is inconteStable.
The question, however, is whether the
facts support the accusations. That is
an issue which should not be left dan
Cling. For the prestige Of the higher
Federal courts already has suffered
enough in popular estimation. If Judge
Cameron is right, drastic remedial &C
ton should be taken. If he is wrong,
the falsity of his charges, at least in
fairness to the other members of the
court, should be exposed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Keep the Powder Dry

This country must not lose sight of
the fact that the nuclear test ban agree
ment was carefully drawn to permit
further development Of nuclear weap-
ons. The treaty would permit under
ground explosions as long as the radio
active debris which might accidentally
result did not spread beyond the Dor
derS of the country testing.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff believe 1t
is necessary to our security to proceed
with underground testing. In fact, one
of the important reasons why they have
reconSidered their opposition to test
ban is that their scientific advisers
have assured them that 80 per cent
OF the weapons development they con-
slider necessary can be accomplished
underground
Underground tests would be useful
: for development Of smaller, potentially
safer weapons and would provide much
OF the research needed for a warhead
that will neutralize enemy ICBMs.
There is some unspoken concern in
the Pentagon that the general satisfac-
ton about achievement Of an agreement
with the Russians will lure the admins
tration into a moratorium on all tests.
Such moratorium would threaten our
security. The United States, of course,
should not test underground Just for
sport, but 1t should pay close attention
to its own needs and continue that kind
Of testing II necessary.
In all probability the Communists
will continue to test underground, and
until the cold war really comes to an
end and genuine disarmament is pos
sible we must not fall behind in nuclear
technology
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Prenatal Clinics

The District was again
given the Colonial treatment
when one CongresSm a n
Finnegan, Democrat Of nli-
nois), on moral grounds
killed a $1,000 item for show
ing films on pregnancy and
birth at prenatal clinics. This
was to have been the begin
ming of a realistic program
on the part Of the District
to meet the serious problem
of illegitimacy and such re-
lated problems as high well
fare payments and over
crowding at juvenile homes.
The negativism of Congress-
man Finnegan guarantees
the perpetuation Of these
problems.
Since the Congressman's
thinking comedies with the
legislative thinking in his
native State of Illinois and
the problem there is increas-
ing in intensity, he should
at least have been willing to
let the District officials pre-
scribe their own remedy for
the District and not impose
the Illinois policy of inaction.
Sidney Hatkin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Jobs Despite Attenuation

Not all the news on the employ
ment front is bad. In spite of auto
nation, and actually because of it, one
segment of the population has found
an abundance Of job opportunities. The
secret is quite simple but, unfortunately,
will not solve the problem as it affects
the average displaced worker today. The
secret is a good college education.
This years crop of college graduates
was in demand exceeding last years
turnout. Particularly welcome were
engineers, 80 per cent of whom already
have been snapped up, and in the future
will be even more at a premium. But
80 per cent of the business school
students and 10 per cent with liberal
arts training also were signed up by
commencement time.
Instead of cutting back on Jobs,
. automation actually has opened new
vistas for highly trained personnel, &C
cording to report by Northwestern
National Life Insurance Company. This
includes non-technical graduates needed
for planning and supervising use of
automated machinery. Employment was
high in aircraft, chemicals, Government,
defense industries, and most civilian
business. Heartening to women gradu-
ateS was broadening market in many
fields other than social service and
-Secretarial.
The conclusion is obvious. The
emphasis must be more and more on
high-level education. Colleges and uni
yersities must be given the kind of
support which will lead to expanded
campuSeS and new seats Of higher
learning. This is one answer to the
challenge Of automation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
High Hospital Costs

The high cost of disqualification,
steadily advancing by 10 per cent year,
has become major problem which
most families must at one time or an
other face. 1t is a problem reflected
in rising insurance rates and in hos
pital bills sometimes almost too shock
ing to contemplate.
How to head off the spiral is a
matter of such concern that local and
State governments are taking unusual
measures to find an answer Governor
TaweS of Maryland has appointed a ID.
19-member commission to study the
States 40 general hospitals where costs
have scared so per cent in less than
a decade.
Maryland'S situation is no different
than any other part of the country,
including the District area. Nationally,
the average cost per patient day rose
from $3.50 in 1916 to $3488 in 1861.
In the District, the rate now is $3.50.
This is what the hospitals say it costs
to keep the average patient-not the
cost to the patient which, of course,
varies from case to case.
Part of the high expense to the
private patient is due to the charity
case load. The District Government, for
instance, pays but $32 day for some
10000 charity cases in private hospitals.
The slack has to be taken up, the hos
pitfalls say, in hidden costs to private
patients-a little bit added here and
there to the various services. The Hos
pital Council Of the National Capital
Area hopes to convince Congress that
the Government should pay the entire
cost.
But the principal burden Of the
soaring costs is an even more formi-
dable problem. This is the cost of labor
which has rocketed from S4.98 per
patient day in 1916 to $21.54 in 1861,
rise of 1913 per cent No commission
is likely to find an answer to this, since
hospital employe salaries still are below
those OF comparable industry jobs today.
Very few critics would argue that hos
pital wages are excessive.
Commissions such as that in Mary
land, and organizations such as the
Hospital Council, should by all means
be given free rein, and Government CO.
operation, in finding a solution to one
of the basic problems of our time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Gold Outflow

The United States has the
greatest debt Of any country
in the world. Even our in
creased exports are recog-
nized to be largely the result
of our own subsidies. We give
foreign nations money (for-
eign add and they buy from
us. Could this be termed
economic growth2" No. This
is artificial growth, for we
are giving others money to
buy from us.
A program Of fiscal respon-
sibility would stop the gold
outflow from the United
States. This means a planned
program TO pay off the debt
in regular installments; bal
ancing the budget, and al
lowing interest rates TO seek
their free market levels. All
Of this has been proven, his
torically, to hold the answer
to our economic problems
and would stop the gold out
flow. It would also insure
a continuance Of individual
freedom in the U. s. A.
Geraldine Berryhill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03

lion Americans should be
fearful about where a mere
20 million others work, eat,
or go to school is one of the
more inexplicable features of
the problem.
These fears, which some
communities land some
United States Senators and
Governors express are the
more mysterious when one
considers that more than 100
Southern communities have
for some time been operating
so that all citizens enjoy
equal treatment. Some of
these situations are several
years old. In none Of them
has trouble developed. The
schools and businesses con-
tinue as before. In fact, with
strains and threats Of dis
turbances eliminated, busi-
ness has improved. These
many Southern cities offer
open. easily examined evil
dence of what their several
experiences are, and have
been. They are in no sense
secret.
Fears BaseIess
Yet, other Southern COM
munities are filled with heat
and violence. They are beset
by fears Of what may hap
pen. They could, If they
wished, send q committee Of
citizens to visit the many
cities and towns that have
eliminated discrimination.
Such committees would dis
cover that fears are not
based on reality. Schools
and business function nor
mally. In fact, such COM
munities invariably are as
tonished at how little differ
ence there is in their lives
and pleased at how much
better they feel with the
weight Of guilt off their con-
science. There is a lot Of
truth In the old cliches. It
is rewarding to do what Is
right. Yet, many communi-
ties, faced with decisions. will
not do the common sense
thing Of seeing how well ac-
ceptance Of law and the
American principle work In
other, even nearby, cities and
towns.
The Vive Presidents para
graph is worth re-reading.
Once In the mind 1t will not
go away. Nor will the de-
cision the Nation must make
to accept the fact that all
citizens IN all States have q
right TO equality before the
law, and to understand that
granting this to those now
denied 1t In no sense changes
an individuals or q family's
private life.
OF what are 100 million
persons afraid7
G1g03
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Feotherbedding

In the railroad dispute
there is one question that.
should be settled without
delay, and that is, feather
bedding" The railroad work.
ers might just as well face
the facts. "Featherbedding"
is wrong and works a hard
ship and injustice on the
owners and management.
Why should a man be kept
on a job If he is no longer
needed? In any other line OF
work, the man would be dis
missed without question. But
not the railroads, because the
railway unions have been too
strong and arrogant over the
years, and so far they have
been able to make this rep
rehensible practice stick. I
have yet to hear one sound
argument in favor Of "feath-
EMBEDDING"
But all good things come
to an end, and 1t is about
time. The unions want to go
back to the bargaining table
where they hope to get their
way. The administration
wants to turn the matter
over TO the I.C.C. This would
be passing the buck, Of
course. The Republicans pro-
pose the Taft-Griffin bill
which would ban feather
bedding" altogether and pro-
vide severance pay for those
whose Jobs were abolished.
The question as TO which
Jobs are not necessary would
De lett up 10 the courts TO
decide. This could take up a
great deal Of time.
So now the railroads have
agreed to a postponement Of
80 days for consideration Of
the work rules. However, any
delay works TO the advantage
Of the unions. because
"featherbedding" goes on
until the matter is settled,
with the railroads paying for
that which gives nothing in
return. G. H.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Religious Freedom

AS a group Of non-believers
in the supernatural we wish
to commend the Supreme
Courts school prayer de-
cision, not because it strikes
a blow at religion, but be-
cause it protects all religions
from the Entertainments of
state power. The Constitu-
ton was designed to guar
antee religious freedom, not
a particular religion. In South
vie t n a m, unfortunately,
there is no such distinction.
John w. Walker,
National Capital Area Chap
ter, American Humanist As
ISOLATION,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
THE POLITICAL MILL
JFK Meets Race Issue Head On
BY GOULD LINCOLN

hoods is solved and the pub
lie spared a national trans
portation strickland in q
way that will suit labor to
some degree-the President
will be aided. And If he can
prevail upon Congress to en-
act a cut in Federal taxes,
effective during the election
year, he will be aided still
more. And if the economy of
the country continues to be
as strong as it is today it
will take a political earth
quake to upset him at the
polls. !
No Retreat
While there is a long list
of "ifs" in this picture, it
is far too early to say that
the race issue, as explosive
as it has become, either can
or will upset the President
in his race for a second term
in the White House. Further,
he is meeting 1t head on,
with no retreat. Obviously,
the Negro demonstrations
which have been staged in
the North have been discon-
certing to the Democratic ad-
ministration. AS long as they
were confined to the States
Of the deep South, 1t was pos
sible to shrug off some Of
the political possibilities. Mr..
Kennedy was elected without
the votes Of five Southern
States in 1960-th three giving
their votes to Republican
Richard M. Nixon and two
to Democratic Senator Harry
Flood Byrd Of Virginia. He
could have lost two or three
more Of these Southern States
and still have won. But when
these demonstrations, with
some rioting started in the
North. it was a political horse
of a different color.
1t Is regarded as certain
that President Kennedy will
have the support of an over
whelming number of the Ne
gro voters in both the South
and the North. Some figure
that around SO or 80 per cent
OF this vote will go for the
President against the Repub-
hcan candidate, Senator
Goldwater, Gov. Rockefeller
or any one else. But 1t is the
white vote that is now worry
ing some of the Democrats.
After all. only 10 per cent Of
the population of the United
States is colored. While there
are big concentrations of the
colored in some Of the large
industrial States which Mr..
Kennedy must carry, he did
not carry some of these
States in 1860 by any great
margins.
None of the potential Re-
publican nominees for Pres
ident is against civil rights
for the Negroes, including
Senator Goldwater of
Arizona. He has spoken out
against headlong speed to-
ward complete indignation
which others support. GEN
orally, the attitude of the
Republicans is to continue to
support civil rights programs
and to keep their mouths
shut about the political i'm
plications of the program and
let the chips fall as they may.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
Church Pressure

David Lawrence is one of
the eminent columnists of
modern-day newspaper work
and he is to be highly COM
mended for his article,
Churches Role in Lawmak-
ing"
Among his many points Of
view on the subject, he
pointed up the assumed role
of the church without refer
endum. There is a we'll
known saying, eff you don't
stand for something, you'll
fall for anything" The men,
bership of the church has not
made a stand on the Supreme
Court decision on school
prayers - individuals have
made the representation.
As a public school teacher
for nearly 20 years, I have
been aware of the great need
for prayer in the schools.
Congress should restore
prayer in our public schools.
Teacher.
4 4 + 4
I respect David Lawrence
but it disappointed me to
read his article dealing with
civil rights pressure on Con-
gress by religious groups.
He says, THE campaign Of
some Of the church organi-
cations goes beyond mere
statements to congressional
committees. A commission of
the National Council of
Churches. a leading Protes-
tant organization, has just
issued a public appeal for
10000 members to take part
in person in the March on
Washington on August %.
Many ministers, white and
Negro, have already partici-
pated in the demonstrations
in different parts Of the
country, and some have been
arrested for disturbing the
peace"
He did not include any
thing with regard to the
Catholics appeal, which is
also public. He should have
also pointed out that priests
and nuns have also demon
strated and their pictures
were carried in your news
paper. Protestant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
A Concise Opinion on Equal Rights
By RALPH McGHL

Vice President Lyndon
Johnson's mail following his
speech delivered to the self
frustrated Governors in re-
cent convention at Miami,
provided evidence that he
has communicated" A sur
priSing number of persons
who read the newspaper &C
counts of the address wrote
about being especially i'm
pressed with a single para
graph In 1t. It is relatively
brief, yet it says much. It
goes direct to conscience. The
concise opinion expressed
cannot be dismissed or ar
gued away. The Vice Presi-
dent said:
Whatever the reasons, 1t
Is wrong that Americans who
fight alongside other Ameri-
cans in war should not be
able to work alongside the
same Americans, wash up
alongside them, eat along
side them, win promotions
alongside them, or send their
children to sit in schools
alongside children of other
Americans"
This is a paragraph which
may not be ignored. 1t con-
tains a moral force as strong
as that Of a statement made
by the United States Attor-
ney General a few weeks ago
that criminals. prostitutes,
Communists, and others Of
Ill repute and character freely
are admitted to public places
Of business while soldiers
wearing the uniform Of our
country, many judges, teach
ers, and persons Of recog-
nized character are barred.
Issue Must Be Met
1t must now be plain that
this issue Of citizens OF a
common country having
equality before the law is
not going away. 1t must be
met. Resolvement of 1t in
favor of such equality before
the law is inevitable. Con-
gress is being asked TO act
only because Of local failures
to act voluntarily. We can
not complain about Federal
interference when there Is
failure at the local level. And
certainly there is no more
communism in this struggle
for equal citizenship than
there was in the Boston Tea
Party demonstration to
name Just one demonstra-
ton famous and revered in
our history.
Nor is there anything OF
social" mixing In the details
spelled out In the Vice Pres
ident's paragraph. Going to
school. working at q Job, and
eating In a public restaurant
are not social visits or
events. That some 100 mil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-03
It's the Flight Bock to the Senate, I'm Worried Aboutv
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom- =
panied By self addressed,
stamped enUeloDes.