davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iOriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used ,DiII be
returned only iOheD accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15
Authors Old and New

In 1889 Benjamin Franklin
said: He who would give UP
essential liberty to purchase
a little temporary safety de-
serves neither liberty nor
safety"
Aren't the authors Of the
new test-ban treaty q dis
graceful lot when compared
with the authors Of our Dec
laration Of Independence?
Has courage in the face of
tyranny become q thing Of
the past?
Maurice r.. Franks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15
SPIRES or THE SPIRIT
We Shall Overcome
By DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
United States senate

scendants Of those forcibly
brought to these shores by
the hated and hateful insti-
tuition Of human slavery,
gathered around the sculp-
tured form Of the Emanci-
pator Of the scanned and
sad face, whose pen severed
the shameful shackles.
During that August day Of
demonstration again and
again groups were heard to
raise the song, I'VE Shall
Overcome Some Day" II
the stone ears Of that heroic
figure, seated upon that
which is as near q throne
as a democracy can know,
could have heard the chant
ing of those who have q
dream Of overcoming, it
would have awakened in the
heart and mind Of the mar
tyred President memories Of
the steep and rocky road,
with its frowning obstacles
and repeated defeats. up
which he toiled before as an
overcomer he was claimed
by the ages.
BY the modern miracle Of
sound and sight which Lin
coin never knew, from the
revered memorial the lead
ers' in the present crusade
for civil rights were seen
and heard by q listening Ma
ton, and the worldl
Every movement has its
saints lifted to the pedestal
Of overcomers. For those
who know the whole moving
story Of up From Slavery"
there were two Of dark skin
present whose forms were
not seen, and whose physical
voices were not heard, but
who are enshrined among
the victors as today the race
which they honor sings and
shouts the slogan, I'VE Shall
Overcome Some Day" The
one opened his eyes on q
world which offered him
little but bondage with no
rights four years before the
pioneer frontiersman was
elected to his garden OF
Gethsemane, the presidency.
His name was Booker I.
Washington. The second,
born while Abraham Lincoln
agonized in the White House
over q national house. di-
vided against itself, bore the
name Of George Washington
Carver. AS q baby he was
SO weak there seemed little
chance Of survival. Carver
and his mother were stolen
from their owners planta-
ton by q gang Of ruthless
raiders. After a pursuit the
bandits were cornered and
induced to restore the baby
in exchange for a worthless
old race horse. The mother
disappeared as the property
Of those who seized her. She
was never seen againl
Booker T. Washington and
George Washington Carver
were destined to be colleagues
on the faculty Of Tuskegee
Institute which the former
established for the uplift
and equipment Of his people.
These two men Of the Negro
race were brought together
in the sharing Of a mighty
task because Of q common
and profound conviction.
reached however independ-
entity.
A student Of the lives Of
Washington and Carver has.
in one sentence, stated the
creed that mastered them
in all their undertakings
and exploits: "They be-
lieved that their kith and
kin were heading for stark
tragedy unless by careful
education and vocational
training they could be fitted
for the freedom which they
were destined to enjoy"
Booker T. Washington
fought his way through a
youth barren Of all incen-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15

While the world Is con-
cerned today with the popu-
lation explosion. q German
anthropoligist so years ago
was worried that his country
might be committing "sui-
eide" by failing TO procreate.
The Star Of September /,
1918, said Prof. Won Luschan
Of the Berlin Ethnographi-
cal Institute had warned his
countrymen that IF they
continued to practice the
two-children system In their
family life. they would infal-
libby bring about the suicide
Of the nation. In Berlin the
birth rate has already de-
scended to the Paris level. 80"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15

I wish to add my protest
to that Of J. r. Smith re-
garding the cartoon of Barry
Goldwater by Conrad pub
lished August 20.
It was indeed the most
vulgarly insulting cartoon I
have ever seen and certainly
did The Star no good. Not
only does Mr.. Goldwater
make good sense TO many Of
your readers. but he has
never tried to attract atten-
ton by personal insult.
Mr.. Conrad's cartoons are
always revoltingly ugly
enough In their drawing
without STOPPING so low in
their content. In fact many
Of the cartoons in your paper
are the poorest done part Of
It.
Gertrude Kirkland
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15

Glib Crockett's cartoon in
The Star Of September 8,
depicting the position in
which Uncle Sam finds him
self in South Wet Nam, made
good use of the work Of my
late father, Bruce BARNS
father. whose cartoon, 1.-THE
Better OLE, is q classic of
World War I. It brought out
truly the difficulties Of our
present situation In trying
to help Wet Nam.
I was chagrined to note,
however, that nowhere was
there any reference to. or
acknowledgment Of, the
work of my father, of which
Mr.. Crockett's cartoon is al
most an exact copy. even to
the use Of the exact caption
Of THE Better OLE. Never
theless 1t gave me a warm
feeling of pride to know that
my fathers cartoon is still
considered most expressive in
depicting certain situations
arising in current military
and political lie.
Barbara Bruce Bairnsfather
(Mrs. william F. Littlejohn,
Jr.)
Editors note: The Star re-
orets the lack OF GcknotDI-
edOment. Our thought at the
time tDas that the original
cartoon iDds so iDeH knotDn Il
mould not be necessary to
identity the artist.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15

Uncle Sans new money
factory. the Bureau Of En-
craving and Printing, was
nearly ready to 60 into pro-
duction so years ago. The
Star Of September IA, 1918,
said that even In its an
tiquated red-brick quarters,
the bureau each day turned
out enough paper money to
cover five acres Of land. and
enough postage and revenue
stamps to plaster another II
acres. But not much Of this
stuck TO the employees fin
gers. The bureaus director
took home Tin pay. Of course)
$1,000 q year; clerks re-
ceived from $500 to $2.100
per annum. and laborers got
$500.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15
FROM THE STAR FILES.
so Years AGO

Secretary Of State William
Jennings Bryan's Chau-
tauqua lectures were going
over big so years ago, but
there was considerable criti-
cism because this Govern
ment official was making his
talks for fat fees. The Star
Of September 20. 1918, said
Bryan admitted he had taken
in $500 so far that year,
and had no intention Of dis
continuing the lectures. He
said: II regard lecturing as
entirely legitimate. I lectured
before I was nominated for
President: I lectured between
campaigns, and / shall con-
tinue to lecture. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15

Searcy, Ark.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-15
The Better ole

Chapel Hill, NC.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25
Racial In1boIonce in the Schools

ability Of this proposal is to imagine It's
fate in Washington. With an overall
ratio of only IS per cent white pupils in
public schools, the best balance" Wash
ington could possibly achieve If all the
white students were distributed equally
throughout the city would be IS per
cent Negro in each school. The fact Is,
Of course, that the ratio would go even
higher, for such policy would serve
only to chase additional white families
to the suburbs. No one would benefit.
The concept Of a homogenized
school system, in which the community
is scientifically shaken up to provide an
ideal" social mix, is not only unwork-
albeit is philosophically unsound. The
right position is that race should not
be factor in pupil assignment; once
that principle is abandoned, an ethical
Pandora's box opens up, It is better to
stick to the time-proved concept that
neighborhood schools should reflect the
neghborhoods which they serve.
Where legal segregation" in schools
exists in cities such as Washington and
New York, the answer does not lie in
frantic artificial devices which attempt
to make our schools shoulder all the
burdens Of the community. 1t lies-in
the case Of Washington, for example-in
the attraction Of more whites to the
central city, and the accompanying
spread of part Of the central-city Ne
gro population to the suburbs. The fac
tors which eventually will accomplish
these things also are clear: Urban re-
newal, the elimination Of discrimination
in housing, fuller employment, improve
ments in the economic status Of the
Negro-most of all, the growth Of under
standing and social maturity.
These are not the fast or easy
means. But so far as we know they are
the only means by which realistic
attack on this problem can be made.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25

In the best Of all possible worlds,
there is no question but that the best
school environment for Negro children
would be one in which the students are
Of varied racial, cultural, economic and
religious backgrounds. 1t is equally clear
that such an environment does not re-
suit automatically from meeting the
letter Of the school indignation law.
This is what the Education Commits
Sioner of New York State had in mind
when he directed last week that inte-
grafton" is not enough-that "racial
imbalance" also must be eliminated
from public schools Of the State. It was
not a new idea, of course. A similar
point, for instance, lay behind recent
demonstrations by Negroes In Engle-
wood, New Jersey. But the Commission
er called for drastic action in New York.
And for purposes Of carrying out the
order, he proposed to define "racially
unbalanced" school as one have so per
cent or more Negro pupils enrolled.
Whatever may be said for his mo-
tiyeS, Commissioner Allen is playing an
absurd numbers game BY his own adj
mission, the cutoff ratio Of so per cent
Negroes In any school is an arbitrary
figure, selected because I'VE had to have
some definition" of imbalance. The
mounting reaction, moreover, demon
strates the futility Of his action. The
difficulty Of enforcing such a policy in
New York City schools, according to
Calvin E. Gross, the city school super
intendent, would be Masquerade. He
characterizes the problem Of transport
ing students under such plan as Gun
believable" To meet DR.. Aliens defini-
ton, racial balances would have to be
changed in ass elementary schools in
the city alone. Negro leaders, who gen.
orally applauded the directive, have con-
coded the impossibility Of its total appli-
cation.
The extreme example of the unwork-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25
Late Light

1t won't last long, so see 1t while It's
here. For these few days after the sum-
mer solstice, light fingers amazingly late
in the sky. It is helped along, to be sure,
by our pleasant custom Of daylight saw
ing time, but the fact that there is so
much daylight to be saving is not our
invention but the earth's, in It's ma
jestic tilt toward the sun.
Out in the country, especially II you
happen TO know an open meadow
bounded by stand Of trees, the effects
are spectacular. The earth is In dark
ness ever deepening but the sky burns
brightly as II sunset would last forever.
Creatures of the meadow stir, scramble,
cheep and chatter In the supposition
that full night is upon them. The hui
man walker In the meadow can hear
their traffic, never heard in daylight,
and yet all but breathe the late light
from the sky as II 1t we're some sweet
air. The trees go black and become sill
houettes against the luminous red and
blue.
Down in the town things are no less
lovely. Our Washington OF broad streets,
low buildings and open circles Is, at this
time Of day at this time Of year, nothing
less than light trap. Golden light falls
on pale rose marble or dark red brick
and is diffused TO us below. Early street
lamps seem impertinent, even ridicu-
lous, as we move through palpable rose
and gold. AT the very end, when the
town turns reluctantly dark, the fire
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25
THE POLITICAL MILL
National Conventions Stages Set
BY GOULD LINCOLN

Francisco in July. And q
third reason is that Cali
fornia has no potential can
didate for the Republican
presidential nomination, now
that Mr.. Nixon has moved to
New York and so cannot be
accused Of seeking undue adj
vantage over hopeful candi-
dates from other States.
G. O. p. Line Of Attack
Both national political con-
ventions are more than @ year
in the future. No one can be
certain, as Of today, which
issues will predominant at
that time. The Republicans
are intent on making fiscal
policies Of the Kennedy adj
ministration - with ever
mounting deficits princi-
pal point Of attack. Along
with this will be the Kennedy
programs which look to bigger
and bigger Capitalization Of
government in the National
Capital. And then there Is
foreign policy, particularly as
1t relates to Cuba and the
Americas. All these issues
could be overshadowed by the
civil rights or racial issue.
The Democrats have no
worry over q presidential or q
vice presidential candidate.
The Republicans. on the con-
trary, still have a wide open
race for both nominations,
and the prospect Of a conven-
ton fight as interesting land
as serious - as the fight
which was waged between the
Eisenhower and Taft forces
in 1852, over conservative and
liberal viewpoints. The con-
servatives have Senator Barry
Goldwater Of Arizona as their
Taft Of 1864. And the liberal
Republicans will work over
time to find a candidate to
defeat him - Rockefeller,
Romney, Scranton, Morton or
another. But the Goldwater
strength has been developing,
in ever wider circles, largely
because Of the Arizona Sena-
tors strong and appealing
personality. It could wind up
with him so far in the lead
that no one win be able to
stop him. In the meantime,
however, the effort is on to
bring as many "favorite-son"
candidates into the field as
possible as q means Of pre-
venting o first ballot nominal
ton.
All this could change as far
as Republican presidential
possibilities are concerned. It
would appear that. If Senator
Goldwater is finally to win, he
must show his vote-getting
strength in q number Of the
presidential primaries next
spring. Just as President Ken
nedy did in 1860. The main
argument Of the Republican
opponents of q Goldwater
nomination is that he cannot
win the general election-an
argument that was made
against Mr.. Kennedy until he
won a number of primary
fights in early 1860.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25
Sino-Soviet Rift

This Is the time for all good men
to take resolute stand against wishful
thinking. The theological gulf between
Moscow and Picking is wide, with
promise Of growing wider. And this Is
a trend which could have implications
Of great importance for our own rela-
tions with Russia and for the future of
the supposedly monolithic Communist
world. At this stage, however, it is
important to avoid reading unwarranted
significance into the clash between the
Communist giants. The break is not
necessarily irreparable, and a patch
ing Job may be done when the Russians
and the Chinese meet in Moscow for
their conformation on July 5.
II the quarrel is to be smoothed
over, however, someone will have to
back down. We do not think there will
be a retreat by Mr.. Khrushchev, for
that could be fatal for him. OF Mao
Tse-tung it is harder to say. There
are those who think he is the ablest
man in the Communist community.
Back in 1855, when Georgi Malenkov
came tumbling down in Russia, there
were predictions that Mao would emerge
as the real international party leader.
However, this hasn't happened and 1t
is hard to see how his interests could
be served by an open and complete
break at this time with the Kremlin.
So Mao, after some harsh and bitter
words, may decide to pull back and wait
a while. Still, 1t is not arniss to recall
piece written in l948 by Sumner Welles
Those who speak as though the 400
millions Of the Chinese people could be
used today as the servile instrument Of
the Soviet Union" he said, "are offering
the United States no objective appraisal
of the facts Of present day international
life" II this was true of 400 million
Chinese in l948 1t is hardly less true Of
700 million Chinese in 1868.
From the point Of view Of the
United States, Mr.. Khrushchev makes
a certain amount Of sense. At least, he
talks of peaceful coexistence" and
seems to understand that nuclear war
could be the undoing Of all Of us. Mao,
however, talks as though he is ready to
push the theological conflict up to and
including a nuclear holocaust. This
makes no sense at ALL
In these circumstances there is at
least chance that coming events will
push Russia closer TO the United States,
and we think this is prospect to be
welcomed, not feared. There have al
ready been a few straws in the wind.
Last week the Russians suddenly stopped
tanning Voice Of America broadcasts.
There has been an agreement on the
"hot" line. And on Sunday Mr. Khru-
shchev, while hailing his country's latest
space feat, also spoke Of mobile and
worthy partnership in the competition
for a peaceful conquest Of outer space"
between Russia and the United States
This may reflect transitory mood
Of small significance. But 1t also may
be something more. At any rate, we
would not rule out the possibility, espe-
cially as we look back on our official
attitude toward japan and Germany
Just few years ago, that the time may
come when we will be "allied" with
Russia in a common front against the
"Peking peril"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25
Anocostio Serene

Committees for easing racial
friction in Anacostia would
seem a quite unnecessary
effort since racial friction In
Anacostia Is very limited.
The fact that the population
of Anacostia itself is half
white and half colored would
indicate that white residents
Of this area have remained
to integrate while in many
areas, the white population
has fled to the suburbs leav-
ing a predominently colored
population.
Anacostia has always had a
percentage Of colored and
white residents living In har-
mony without incident. Col
ored and white residents are
proud Of the decency and low
crime rate which exists here.
Trouble-makers who would
try TO destroy this good ex-
ample should be discouraged.
Resident of Anacostia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25

The President is right when he says
discrimination practices are morally
wrong wherever they occur-they are
especially inequitable and iniquitous
when they inconvenience and embar-
raSs those serving in the armed services
and their families" There is no excuse
for even the diminishing amount Of
racial discrimination that exists within
the armed forces. Negroes should get
the promotions and assignments they
earn And the new recommendations Of
the Presidents Committee on Equal OPP
portunity in the Armed Services will go
along way toward making promotion
boards and personnel officers color
blind.
President Kennedy also has ordered
massive assault on discrimination
against Negro soldiers In communities
near military bases. Here the moral issue
is the same, but the solution Is more
difficult.
The Presidents committee recon-
mends that each military base COM
mander become a community leader In
the fight against segregation. The COM
mander would use moral persuasion, law
suits and economic pressure to open all
public facilities to Negro soldiers. The
commander would try to desegregate
housing, schools, restaurants, swimming
pools, buses and all the rest.
1t is easy to anticipate the uproar
that will follow such efforts, particularly
in the deep South. And the commanders
themselves, taught through their mill
tary careers to stay out Of politics, will
be disturbed to find themselves in 1t
up to their brass hats. Yet the United
States cannot force Negro men into the
military service and then force them to
move to bases in racially segregated
areas and then force them and their
wives and children to submit willingly
to local discrimination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-25
Warren 'Ficureheod'

Doris FleeSon's colum n
(June 49, on Chief Justice
Earl Warren gives him
entirely too much credit Cor
debit) on the Supreme Court
ledger. Regardless Of whether
you want to praise or inn
peach the Chief Justice, the
courts decisions have been
merely the augmentation Of
the theology Of its compo-
nents.
In 1896, FDR referred to
the Supreme Court as mine
old men" when they declared
his socialistic policies were
unconstitutional. His pro-
posed "court-packing" plan
to increase the number Of
justices from nine to fifteen
failed; however, after five
years (l94l), through selec-
tive appointments he had
achieved his detectives Of a
sympathetic court. Since that
period, the selection of JUS
tices has been based upon
their amenability to the
Presidents personal philoso-
ply rather than their indi-
vidual judicial qualifications.
And If you could plot the
policies of FDR, HIST, Ike
and JFK on an theological
spectrum of 1870 degrees,
there probably would be q
span Of only 10 degrees with
Ike not necessarily being on
the right" Of that span).
In spite of this new method
Of "court-packing," a certain
balance Is maintained, and
most Of the controversial de-
cisions are based upon a five
to-four vote, The justice who
welded the most power In
this tenuous balance was Jus
tice Felix Frankfurter (re-
tired who kept the bench
well waxed so that he could
slide to the conservative or
liberal side.
Any fame or blame that the
chief justice deserves is de-
rived from his position as
fisurehead Of the court.
George II. Miller.