davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-02-10
President Acts

With the Keating -Thurmond-
Stennis drumfire continuing and
reported prominently in the Ma
tion's press. the President decided
that the administration must do
more to put in perspective" as
he later phrased 1t. the Cuban
situation.
And so, the Kennedy counter
attack was launched last Wednes-
day.
Intelligence Chief McCone testi-
fled In secret before a meeting OF
the Senate Preparedness Subcom-
mittee, but he released a state
ment to the press in which he
stated that only a relatively small
amount" OF Soviet military equip
ment had been landed in Cuba
since the october quarantine.
He assured the Senators that
I'VE are convinced beyond any
reasonable doubt" that the Rus
slams had removed all offensive
missiles and bombers known" TO
be In Cuba and added somewhat
surprisingly that the high total
OF $4,000 Russian troops was on
the island as early as last Sep
tember. This latter was surpris-
ing because the President as late
as August 20 told a news confer
ence that I'VE do not have infor-
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Secret Talks

Secret talks began - at Can
ada's request but no progress
has been reported. Meanwhile, the
Nassau pact In late December
convinced Mr.. Diefenbaker that
he should not take "nukes." on
January 25, spurred by criticism
from the Liberal side. and an
gered by Gen. Lauris Norstad's
remarks that Canada was not
living up to her NATO obliRa-
tons In refusing nuclear weap-
ons. Mr.. Diefenbaker spoke In
Parliament on the subject. These
we're his main points:
Q In 1858 when NoRAD was set
up, Bomarc anti-aircraft missiles
we're thought necessary because
the great challenge 10 North
America was believed to be bomb
ers carrying bombs"
. Today. that Is changed. More
and more there Is a phasing out
In connection with the bomber
threat as more and more missiles
that span continents are increas-
ing In number"
Q The United States has entered
into a new era OF military STRAIT
egy. concentrating on ICBMs and
Polaris. 80 what should we do7
Should we carry on with what
we have done In the past, merely
for the purpose OF saying, We'll
we started, and having started
and having proceeded. we will
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Opposing Forces

A pragmatist by nature, Kas-
sem tried 10 balance these op-
posing forces. In September,
1858. he cracked down on the
nationalist" His right-hand
man NOV the new Presidentl,
Col. Abdul Salam Arif. was fired
and sent 10 Bonn as Ambassador.
In 1859. Kassem put down two
uprisings supported by the UAR.
In October, 1859. he was wounded
by an assassin. and this led 10 q
feverish roundup OF all the ma
tionallsts."
To put down the nationalists.
Kassem relied heavily on Com
munist support. In 1859 a vir-
tual reign OF terror began. News
papers we're censored and all op-
position was muzzled. Once the
nationallsts were subdued, Kas-
sem turned against the COMMIT
nists and by the end OF 1850,
Kassem ruled virtually without
the support Of any organized pc
litical force.
Moreover. his army-"the only
force which can be relied upon
al moments Of emergency"-was
unhappy with the military action
against the Kurds-the largest
single minority group In Iraq.
Ethically diSsimilar TO Arabs. the
Kurds have always wanted their
homeland TO be carved from Iraa.
Turkey and Iran. where large
Kurd tribes live.
For years. these tribal peoples
have been fighting q strong guer-
rilla war against Iraq's army. q
war which Baghdad's officers felt
Continued on Page B-2
Evening star., 1963-02-10
AsoFriend

In the first place, Mr.. Diefen-
baker has been q friend. The
North American Air Defense Com
mand was signed during his first
years in office, and trade across
the unguarded border has risen
to new heights. Yet, he has spent
much Of his energy trying to stem
the forces that seem to drag
Canada flirtheE into the United
States orbit. His government has
tried to put limits on American
investment in Canada (Americans
own two-thirds of Canada's min
erals). Politically, he has traded
freely with Red China Canada
has sold about $500 million Of
grain to China) and has sold nom
strategic goods to Cuba, over
Washington's protests.
AS a good neighbor, he agreed
in 1858 to the stationing in Can
ada Of two squadrons OF Bomarc
anti-aircraft missiles and Of 66
interceptor Voodoo planes. Once
they were delivered, Mr.. Diefen-
baker had to deal directly with
the question of whether they
should be nuclear-armed. Without
nuclear warheads, the weapons
are useless or less effective. Mr..
Diefenbaker could not get him.
self to accept weapons that would
be under AmCrican control (Con-
gress forbids transferring Ameri-
can "nukes" to any nation in
time OF peace. Presumably. Mr..
Diefenbaker would have O veto
on the equipments use. but the
presence Of nuclear weapons on
Canadian soil could nevertheless
involve Canada In q nuclear war.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

was pledged TO continue the same
policies as before allegiance to
NATO and to NORAD. In the
last two years, however. the gov
ernment took an ambiguous posi-
ton on nuclear weapons for Ca
madam forces In Europe (princi-
pally RCAF bombers) and on the
Bomarc and Voodoos.
The question Of the weapons
led to moral, political and mill
tary debate throughout the coun-
try. The Liberal Party, which
originally led Canada into NATO,
objected to nuclear weapons last
year. but reversed itself recently.
The debate came up again last
October. Simultaneous with the
Cuban crisis, the Voodoo fighters
began arriving In considerable
number. American leaders realized
that in any war Canadian weap-
ons would be needed in Europe
and in America but there still
was no way of arming them with
"nukes."
Evening star., 1963-02-10
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Canadas Crisis-And Ours

After. receiving q nO-cOnfi-
dence vote, Prime Minister DEF
enbaker dissolved the Canadian
Parliament last week and called
q new election for April 9.
The Canadian complaint against
the United States usually takes
one Of two lines: Either we're
ignorant Of their affairs or we're
meddling In them.
Last week United States de-
termination to hold together the
military framework of the West
ern alliance including, i'm
portantly, Canada set off q
major Government crisis In OF
tawa. Prime Minister Diefenbak-
er's government had failed to pur-
sue understandings with this
country about using nuclear war
heads on defense weapons. Such
an agreement was particularly
necessary now because Of recent
troubles with both France and
Great Britain over control of nu-
clear weapons.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Time of Change

There Is certainly no longer
any doubt that NATO is UNDER
going q time of change, marked
by differences on both sides Of
the Atlantic. In coming months,
the multilateral nuclear force,
agreed on by President Kennedy
and Prime Minister Macmillan In
Nassau. win be urged on other
Western powers including
Canada.
The difficulties with President
de Gaulle stem from his insistence
that France must have Its own
nuclear force regardless of Ameri-
can objections. His rejection Of
the Nassau pact's multilateral
arrangement and refusal of Eng
lands Market application have led
to a serious crisis In the West.
No one can predict when 1t will
end.
The dispute with Canada there
fore came at a particularly un-
fortunate time for Western diplo-
mats. Officials in Washington,
however. believed that after Cana
da's upcomtng election, the diff
ferences can be resolved.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
u. S. as Issue

All sides have asked that the
United States not become an is
sue. but 1t is actually already
one. Because Of his long service
as Ambassador to Washington.
and his reputation in the u. NJ,
Mr. Pearson will be linked with
the pro-United States forces. Mr..
Diefenbaker will continue TO get
the support of those seeking less
United States influence.
1t is generally agreed that 1t
can teven II 1t tried do little TO
influence the election. Whoever
wins will have to take UP the
nuclear problems with Washing
ton. The best the United States
can hope is that those discus
sions be free of Canadian do
mestic politics.
Militarily, Mr.. Diefenbaker's
discussion Of the new concept In
strategic planning has some mer-
its. The Russians will be deferred
from attacking the United States
not by two squadrons OF Bomarc
missiles, but by an effective and
impervious missile system - q
second strike" force. Within the
decade, the Bomarcs will be OBJ
solete.
Thus, at some time In the near
future, planners will be ready to
discuss the removal OF such mis-
siles Just as Jupiter missiles are
being removed from Turkey and
Italy. At present. though. WASH
ington believes the anti-aircraft
missiles are needed for our COM
mon defense.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Sovereignty Line

Thus. he has persisted In argu-
ing for complete sovereignty over
any nuclear weapons something
he knows Is impossible. Pressed
by American officials. he hedged.
He raised new questions about flu
ture nuclear strategy. This am
bivalence led to his downfall.
One Of the troubles has been
the fact that Mr.. Diefenbaker has
had to operate with q minority
government. Last June his Con-
servative Party was reelected but
with substantially less than a
majority OF seats In Parliament.
II was made UP like this:
Conservatives Roughly the
philosophic brothers OF the Tory
Party in Britain, the Conserva-
tives won li6 seats. They gen.
orally support higher tariffs and
higher price supports In agricul-
ture. They tend also TO align
themselves more with Britain
than the Liberal Party mem
bers do.
Liberals - Led by Lester B.
tMike) Pearson. a former leader
Of the U. ~, the Liberals resemble
the Democratic Party In philos-
ophy. The Liberals won 90 seats.
and can be expected TO campaign
for further economic expansion
and a more decisive role for Cam
ada In world affairs. but within
the alliance.
Social Credit Party-A right
wing party, against deficit SPEND
ing and socialism. Their party
won 30 seats and provided Mr..
Diefenbaker with the support nec-
essary for his minority govern
ment. Its leader. Robert Thomp-
son, turned against Mr. Diefen-
baker last week and this gave
the opposition the needed mo-
confidence" vote.
New Democratic Party A left
wing outgrowth OF the former
Canadian Socialist Party. II won
10 seats.
In military matters. Mr.. DEF
enbaker's minority government
Evening star., 1963-02-10
St. Valentines Day, 1868

forces in fulfilling their NATo
or NORAD obligations"
o The NORAD system Is de-
signed ito defend the North
American continent against air
attack. The Soviet bomber fleet
win remain at least through this
decade a significant element In
the Soviet attack force. An effec-
tive continental defense against
this common threat Is necessary"
o As for Canadian sovereignty
over such weapons, "joint control
fully consistent with national
sovereignty can be worked out To
cover the use Of such weapons by
Canadian forces"
Coming on top OF a parlia-
mentary debate, the United States
note infuriated Mr.. Diefenbaker.
He considered 1t interference"
and tried TO use II as an arguing
point. but since all parties criti-
cized Washington's action, his re-
buke lost It's sting.
Last week end. most Of the
Canadian press criticized Mr..
Diefenbaker for not living up 10
his obligations under NORAD-
while sniping at Washington's
undiplomatic behavior. On Mon
day. Defense Minister Harkness
resigned, stating that he was In
favor OF taking on the nuclear
weapons. Added 10 Mr.. Diefen-
bakers problems was a revolt by
the Social Credit Party. unhappy
with his fiscal policies.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Social Credit Party

on Monday. the Social Credit
Party. joining forces with the
other opposition parties. offered
a resolution OF no-confidence, at
tacking Mr.. Diefenbaker for not
having a firm defense policy and
for not living up 10 his budgetary
responsibilities
on the vote. Tuesday evening.
Mr.. Dlefenbaker's government fell.
i42 10 Ill. A new election will be
held on April g.
Although the nuclear debate
was the immediate cause OF Mr..
Diefenbaker's fall. II will not be
the only issue In the coming
campaign.
Since no party is wholeheart-
edly In favor OF nuclear weapons.
the argument may develop along
different lines. The Conerva-
tives probably will pledge accepts
ance Of nuclear weapons II there
Is no proved alternative. More
Evening star., 1963-02-10

nation that (soviet) troops have
come into Cuba"
Later on Wednesday, Mr.. Nc
Namara called an unusual radio
TV news conference at the big
State Department auditorium to
give the Nation a briefing the
likes of which 1t had never had
before.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
First Reports

The Presidents failure to obtain
the "on-site" inspection he had
at first demanded led to all kinds
of reports Of Soviet missiles being
hidden In Cuban caves and in
creaSeS in Russian troop strength
and conventional weapons in the
island.
Senator Heating, Republican of
New York, perhaps the first pub
licly to call attention to the So
Wet pre- October buildup and warn
of the construction of nuclear mis-
sile bases, renewed his warnings
on Russian military strength in
Cuba. He was joined by Senators
Thurmond of South Carolina and
Stennis of Mississippi.
The White House attempted to
fend off the new controversy over
Cuba with quick hearing con-
Quoted by Senator Morse and a
Foreign Relations subcommittee.
Secretary of State Rusk and John
A. McCone, Director of Central In
telligence, said, In effect, that the
situation was under control and
also under constant check. b
But the furor only grew louder.
Senator Stennis, chairman of the
Preparedness Subcommittee, an
nounced that his group would hold
full hearings on the matter of So
Wet arms and men in Cuba. He
said Cuba was becoming the Sec
ond ranking military power in the
Western Hemisphere.
Defense Secretary Mcnamara
and the President had recently put
the official estimate Of Russian
troops and technicians in Cuba at
1900 men-more than three times
the number Senator Heating
warned were on the island on Oc-
tober Q. less than q week before
the big missile showdown with Mr..
Khrushchev began. The assertion
by the administration leaders that
nearly 5000 Russians had been
withdrawn-from q one-time total
Of 22,000-d did little to allay public
and congressional concern.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

Photo Evidence

Supported by scores of enlarged
aerial reconnaissance photos and
charts, one Of the Secretary's In
telligence experts gave an ex-
traordinarily thorough report on
the discovery Of the Russian mis-
siles, bombers and their bases and
the subsequent removal of the
weapons from the island. Mr.. Nc
Namara then answered reporters
questions.
BY disclosing many intelligence
photos for the first time, the ad-
ministration clearly was attempt
ing in this two-hour television
review to impress the American
people with the careful and con-
tinuing surveillance it had con-
Quoted over Cuba and to assure
them that Soviet offensive dong
range) missiles had been removed
and that none had been re-intro-
duced since October.
The conclusion the administra-
ton hoped the American people
would draw was something like
this: If the United States Gov
ernment could maintain such a
close check on the Soviet in Cuba
during the, October crisis, 1t must
know what's going on there now.
The Mcnamara performance
was generally, regarded as an i'm
pressive one. But there were sew
eral questions which we're en-
barrassing because he could not
really answer them. For example:
Why didn't we know the Rus
slams were sending in large weap-
ons like medium and intermediate
range missiles until we found the
construction of their bases2
If we didn't know before, how
do we know that they can't slip
them In again?
What is the purpose Of the
presence of the 1900 Soviet
troops in Cuba?
Evening star., 1963-02-10
THE NATIONAL SCENE
The WeightyMoves
On Cuban Threat

President Kennedy last week
directed an administration
counterattack against con-
gressiOnal charges Of cOntinu-
ing Soviet buildup and threat
in Cuba.
II West Berlin is a bone In
the throat" Of Nikita Khrushchev
so much more must Communist
Cuba be one for John F. Kennedy.
Almost from the day he entered
the White House, on January 20,
1861, the Caribbean island 30 miles
off the coast Of Florida has been
a painful problem for the Presi-
dent.
First there was the Bay of Pigs
fiasco in April, 1961-the crush
ing by Castro of a Cuban rebel
brigade, inadequately directed and
supported by the United States.
A little more than a year later
there was the buildup of Soviet
military might on the island, first
denied and then reluctantly ad-
mitted by the Kennedy admins
tration.
This led last October to the d.
rect conformation and threat of
nuclear war with the Soviet Union
over the clandestine emplacement
of Russian offensive missiles at
several bases in Cuba.
But though we stood "eyeball
to eyeball" with the Russians and
made them blink = that is, we
forced them to remove the missiles
and medium-range L-2S Jet
bombers they had also introduced
into the island = the bone" in
Mr.. Kennedy's throat definitely
had not been removed.
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Iroq::
New Revolt

The government ef Prime
\ MlnisteF Abdul KAriin KaSbem
wAe oeerthrown last week and
the Ifaql leader executed.
On the evening OF July 10. 1858,
an unknown Iraqi army officer,
Brig. Abdul Karin Kassem, COM
manding troops passing through
Baghdad, staged q lightning coup
d'etat. Young King Faisal II and
pro-British Prime Minister Nuri
Said were murdered and the re.
naming members Of the royal
family arrested.
BY morning the whole country
was under Brig Kassem's control
and q republic was proclaimed.
This revolution" without an ide-
ology startled the world and led
to unfounded fears about further
revolts In the area.
To lead Iraq on q new path,
Kassem broke It's military ties
with Britain (Baghdad pact) and
accepted large amounts OF aid
from the Soviet Union. In his
first days in office he was widely
acclaimed by the population as
an Arab leader to rival Egypt's
Nasser in popularity.
AS many before him found,
however. seizing power Is one
thing: holding 1t another. Kas-
SENS popular regime found itself
unable TO solve the complex prob
lens Of Iraqi politics. His main
supporters seemed split among
the "nationalists" who wanted TO
align Iraq closer with the pam
Arab forces In Nasser's Cairo and
among the Communists who
sought q neutral path for Iraq.
hoping someday TO seize power
themselves.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

continue7' Should we con-
tinue with such programs in the
light Of changing circumstances"
Mr.. Diefenbaker's rem arks-
which also revealed that secret
Canadian American talks were
going on-led the American En-
bassy In Ottawa to request a
Qualification statement from the
State Department. The depart
ment's note was short. but to the
point. II said:
o The Nassau pact "raises no
question of the appropriateness
Of nuclear weapons for Canadian
Evening star., 1963-02-10
Two Unconvinced

Furthermore, neither Senators
Stennis nor Keating was con-
vinced by the McNamara briefing
and said SO. Senator Stennis said
that the 1900 so-called "defen-
sive" troops. which are armed
with plenty Of the latest anti-air-
craft rockets, could screen the in
PRODUCTION Of more Soviet often
sive arms and units. Senator
Keating asserted that the Defense
Secretary only confirmed his
statements that the Soviet threat
persists.
On Thursday, a slightly testy
Mr.. Kennedy took up the case at
his own news conference.
In tones almost beseeching the
reporters and public ito please be-
lieve me-" the President asserted
that Soviet weapons and men now
in Cuba do not represent o mill
tary threat to the United States.
He also made these points:
Q We are faced with q different
situation today from the one we
met in October when Russian nu-
clear missiles posed an offensive
threat. The 5000 (out of the
1900 Russians) formed into reg
ular military combat units repre-
sent no danger TO us or to other
hemisphere nations.
o No one can prove "in the finite
sense" that no Soviet missiles have
been hidden in caves. but that TO
be used they would first have TO
be moved, put on to pads and
readied for firing. II this were
done II would mean that the So
Wet Union is prepared TO risk
another great encounter with u.s."
Q on-site inspection OF the mis-
sile sites in Cuba is q dead-letter
Continued on Page BE-
Evening star., 1963-02-10

likely. they will suggest waiting
until after this Mays NATO
meeting In Ottawa before de-
Gliding
Evidence of a party split was
shown by the resignation yester-
day Of two more ministers who
disagree with the Prime Minister
on defense policies.
The Liberals will accuse Mr..
Diefenbaker's government of
floundering, and press for q
change. Economic issues also will
continue to dominate the scene.
The aftereffects of the Common
Market breakdown and the value
Of the devalued Canadian dollar
will provide the grist for many
domestic II tedious argu-
ments.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-11-14

He is a Marine Corps veteran
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-11-14
NATIONAL ELECTION ROUNDUP
(COntinued From Pape an


Democratic opposed by Philip TsmOc also Negro
running the Republican
IN PITTSBURGH, ONE UP, ONE DOWN
Pittsburgh (ARIP-Despte endorsement from both parties VII
seeding controller to garner SUI
nent votes to put him office during Tuesdays
t Negro TO win bipartisan endorsement literally obered
fore onslaught party voting especially Negro
stronghod the
appeal leading fellow
ootncimanic candidate in all but two districts
was returned to his seat in mon contest" baloting
NEGRO DENIS WIN NEGRO COPS LOSE IN PH1LY
Philadelphia CANP)-Negro prefer
red over Negro Republicans during elections in the Cv Of Ehev
Tuesday Negro
candidates while Republican
winning Marshall L. Shepard
posted the figure
field candidates. Mcintosh oppon-
en Andrew Wilson the 5th district
and Edward Cox fourth running magteal candidate out field
Of 1s For to be selected and for
magistrates A.
Evans who placed
eighth Andrew Wilson who lost Mcintosh
seeking placed
18th the masera and Charles Wright failed
OF the three seats for city He ran last in field Of
four.
GEORGIA BUSINESSMAN LOSES ATHENS RUNoFF
ELECTION
Athens Ga (ANJP-The Negro to run for city office in
Athens Reconstruction defeated
E. L. Gardner 4syearold seeking Ward
seat on city council poed 357 votes $40 for white
Henry Morton supervisor bottlnig company
Democratic primary election
So6 votes Morton.
GARY MICROBES REMAIN DEMOCRATIC
Gary (NEP)-POOf Gary Negro
Negro
sooed into office while their Republican opponents lost
the councilman Large voting R. Gordon Hatcher poled
against Republican
Htchers count 358 82 against Nit
chells 1858.
In district voting, a
margin DISTRICT while Wesson
about a 6-1 margin with his 7,2OS tally
Negro the sde included Edna Norris
vote of Ss 524-15,732.
IT'S DENT IN EAST CHICAGO
Chicago (ANP)James Dent Of Democrats
catapulted to city council seats Chicago
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-11-14
Data 'N' Chatter
BY DARCY DEM1ILE

Chicago (ANP)-F1om Hollywood to Harlem Mcae
received quite bonus her bosses at the Village gate New York
following her smash opening That should be swinging wide
open quite spell chArpng De-
tot another singer Gloria the city fathers beamng
direction Cause of a?? admitted fond
the Motorty! Speaking singers and that Is not
ring Leslie Uggams dainty finger But the dazer
WIS gift ~ .EF%'
Comedian Jimmie Rogers probably wouldn't win
office he having lot OF fun with his
recording, IF / We're President"
the gaseous only believes
activities Now Archie Moore
signed before the teevion After talking with Bob
Hope geefuy
his hand dramatic part So don't be
prtsed signs UP Hamlet! casting would
fighter from Kentucky a real ham
Spotted marqueeThe Chldrens Hour (and) Toys in
he (also) "A Child Is Waiting"
sltry singer
McFae opening ?? And western
Contrary reports otherwise Sidney Potter
Juanita) agreed daughter
commercials.
Lameta Jones has expected should
spected members Of the theatre elite for quite
weren't they spotted househuntng in the New Haven