davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-13
Birninghon's 3 Perspectives

mobs cried out, hes guilty
Of murder, let's lynch him"
Demonstrations can be truly
peaceful and lawful. They
can also incite violence as
resentments spread and deep
, emotions are aroused. Attor-
ney General Kennedy summed
UP the aspects Of an inflamed
psychology when he said last
Friday that the people Of
the South get in their papers
a picture Of a Negro with q
knife attacking q dog and q
white policeman.
They don't show that pic
ture UP in the North" said
the Attorney General "They
show the picture Of q dog at
tacking the Negro. The result
is that you are not talking
about the same thing"
Consultations between
white and Negro leaders
which started last week at
Birmingham are constructive
In purpose. They show the
beginning Of q conciliatory
attitude which probably will
never abolish deeply rooted
feelings about the mixing Of
races In intimate ways, but
which, nevertheless, recog-
nizes q simple fact: Violence
will not solve anything and
continued illegalities on
either side will not solve any
thing. About all that can be
achieved is to develop grad
ually and through the rule
Of reason what the diplo-
mats call q ''modus vivendi."
This is a formula by which
both sides find a method Of
living with or adjusting to q
problem, even though many
Of its phases remain unsolved
and emotional overtones con-
tinue a long, long time
thereafter.
For the controversy Is
basically human-a resent
ment against discrimination,
legal or illegal, on the one
hand, and o basic conflict,
on the other hand, between
differing concepts Of free
dom Of association as an in
dividual right. The unan-
swered question Is how much
can be accomplished by legal
compulSion or coercion
economic and political-and
how much by the slow but
more lasting process of vol
untarism in the community.
(Copyright, 1868 New York Herald
Tribune Ine.)
Evening star., 1963-05-13
No Corderock in Foreign Affairs

an hour, can be maintained
for IL seconds. Too short q
time for observations? You
forget the computer. One Of
them makes 250,000 compu-
tations q second. WhooshI
goes the blast. The model Is
turned this way and that Is
1t builds to a white heat.
In a few moments the
vacuum chamber is filled.
The squealing wind dies.
And then you settle down
for the winter with miles Of
computer tape to see what
happened.
Nothing is sacred at Car
derock. No old Navy man
would recognize the new
Quoted propellers, the fantas-
tic hydrofoils and the hydro
skimmers that win ride 2
feet above the water and
run around at 80 knots.
The curiosity Of these dedi-
Gated young scientists is In
satiable-and even gruesome.
Somebody suggested that
special cushioned shoes might
save sailors broken ankle and
leg bones If their ships
passed over mines. So some
cadavers were fitted with the
proposed shoes and trussed
up on q steel deck. A mine
was set off In the water
beneath. And the docs moved
in for a post-postmortem.
Carderock is q symbol Of
why the curve Of scientific
advancement these days Ia
approaching the vertical.
After ages Of stupidity re-
peating the same old me-
chanical mistakes, man has
now learned to test. He now
retains, polishes and breeds
his knowledge. And we are
off the pad and climbing into
orbit.
Unhappily. in the fields Of
politics, social science and
economics we have no Car
derocks. We are still hope
fully but idiotically trying
theories that failed with the
pharaohs. We continue to
launch all kinds of philo-
sophical Gustavus Vasas.
So we may blow ourselves
off the face Of the earth. But.
thanks to the eager young
men at Carderock, we can be
assured at least that the ship
that takes US across the
d River Styx won't turn over.
tcopyright, 1851
Evening star., 1963-05-13

1t is important to put the
Birmingham episode "in per-
spective." But what perspec-
tive? There are three perspec-
tives--the legal. the polimcal,
and the moral. They are all
pertinent. Each has played q
significant part In producing
the present controversy and
in the attempts to find a
solution.
The legal perspective is by
no means definitive. Illegality
has bred illegality. From 1895
to 1854 period of SO years
the Constitution was inter-
preted one way by the Su-
preme Court of the United
States. Now 1t is being in
terpreted by the court In
exactly the opposite way.
There is, moreover, a de-
bate over whether the court
can amend the Constitution
and call 1t Interpretation"
Also, the Fourteenth Amend
ment, on the basis of which
the court in 1854 ordered
public schools to be desegre-
gated, is itself Of dubious ORR
gin. 1t was never ratified by
legal process. After the legis-
latures Of the Southern
States had been accepted as
fully legal bodies in ratifying
the Thirteenth Amendment
abolishing slavery, they were
denounced as illegal shortly
thereafter when they re-
jected the proposed Four
teenth Amendment. Congress,
which had already deprived
the Southerners Of their seats
in both houses, suddenly or
dered the Southern States to
ratify the Fourteenth Amend
ment. Federal troops were
sent in to compel ratifica-
ton. There Is, Of course,
nothing in the Constitution
which gives Congress the
right to compel a State to
ratify any amendment to the
Constitution.
The argument was made,
however, that the States had
left the Union when they
seeded In 1851 and that
they had acquired the status
of new applicants for admis-
sion to the Union. But Abra-
ham Lincoln had contended
that the South had not left
the Union-that there was
Evening star., 1963-05-13

On the 10th Of August, 1923,
the Gustavus Vasa. flagship
Of the Swedish navy. left It's
craving dock at Skeppshol-
men in Stockholm harbor for
Its maiden voyage.
Loaded down with "a can
non, 1900 barrels Of beer,
$50 barrels of bread, 200 bar
rels Of salted fish and $50
men, she eased out into the
channel with her guns ex-
changing proud salutes with
the forts. This was the ship
that would sweep the Poles
off the Baltic Sea, and all
Stockholm gathered at the
waterfront to cheer.
And then the Gustavus
Vasa tipped over. Just like
that. With only four sails
set and a slight breeze blow
ing she began to heel. Some
men rushed below to move
guns to the upper side, but
water was already pouring in
the gunports. In q moment
over she went and down to
the bottom Of Stockholm
harbor, where she remained
for more than 1872 years. When
they finally raised her on
April "a, 1861, white skele-
tons lay mired in the mud
alongside the pitted cannon.
There was, Of course, a
tremendous investigation in
the Swedish admiralty court
shortly after the tragedy. But
1t was cut short. King Gustav
Adolf, it seems. had given a
lot Of advice about how the
ship should be built.
For many, many centuries
men had been doing stupid
things like this. No one could
find out what a new design
would do until it had been
tried. The huge galleasses Of
Spain's armada contained
chapels, chambers Of state
and turrets. but they couldn't
sail into the wind and the
smaller British ships cut
them to pieces.
Charles rs Sovereign of
the Seas" which was the big
gest ship in the British navy
when 1t was launched in 1887.
had to have a deck taken off
before it was safe to venture
into a gale. The Royal Will
liam Of 1892 almost turned
over before it was hauled back
into the shipyard and re-
worked.
What was q sailing ship
supposed to do2 It sought q
combination of speed, man
euverability, ability to sur
vive storms. ana cargo -handl-
ing capacity. You would have
thought a system of testing
tanks for hull models would
Evening star., 1963-05-13
Lecture by Sorensen Makes Point
Senate Report Seemingly Missed

These comments, by one
Of the most important men
in the White House, who
stood at President Ken
nedy's right hand at every
stage Of the Cuban crisis,
were not made in reply to
Senator Stennis or the sub
committees report. They
form part Of the text Of his
second and final Speranza
lecture at Columbia Univer-
sity. If anything, they be-
come more significant and
persuasive because they were
not made in. the context Of a
political debate.
1t is very easy for the
committee to be wise after
the event. With q high ges-
ture Of infallibility, it can
distribute its prizes and its
criticisms. But how wise a
guide would 1t have been
during the agony Of the Oc-
tober crisis? Judging from
the belligerent folly Of Sena-
tor Thurmond and other
self-appointed experts on
Cuban affairs as they clamor
for a stronger policy full Of
menace and ambiguity. the
Nation has reason to be
grateful that these congress
sional critics were not in
charge Of policy last fall.
What does Mr.. Sorensen
tell us Of the Cuban crisis
as 1t hit Washington and
caught the President and q
select group Of advisers in
its tolls? He says the un-
precedented nature Of the
Soviet move, the manner in
which it cut across so many
departmental juri sdictions.
the limited amount Of infor-
nation available and the Sc
curity restrictions which in
terfered with normal staff
work. all tended to have q
leveling effect on the prin-
cipals taking part in these
discussions, so that each felt
free TO challenge the assump-
tions and assertions Of all
others.
He states without qualifi-
Evening star., 1963-05-13
Racial Conferences May Be Beginning
OF Effort to Find Modus VVendi


no right Of secession. When
the War between the States
was over in 1865. both Presi-
dent Lincoln and his sue
cessor. President Johnson,
took the view that the legal
status Of the seeding States
had not been altered.
Many people in the South,
therefore, look upon the 1854
decision Of the Supreme
Court as being based on q
fraud. Significantly enough,
though the Supreme Court
has decided many questions
Of law on the assumption
that the Fourteenth Amend
ment is a part Of the Consti-
tuition, the court itself has
repeatedly refused for the
last 95 years to take any case
for consideration that might
involve passing Judgment on
the legality or illegality Of the
ratification" device used
arbitrarily by Congress in
1868.
This naturally has had an
impact on the political per-
spective. No Senator or
Representative in the South
gets elected unless he is
sympathetic with the view Of
the majority Of the people
there on these questions. In
the North, the large Negro
vote influences the politicians
Of both parties to brush aside
debates on constitutional
questions involved in the ex-
ercise Of State or Federal
powers. The theory applied
is that the Negro has suf-
fered injustice long enough
and that the end now justi-
fieS the means.
But what is the basic moral
issue? White people In the
South, especially the women.
fear not mixed schools as
such or mixed use of public
eating facilities. They fear
socialization Of the two races
and intermarriage Of their
children when they grow up.
Negro leaders become i'm
patient with the slowness Of
the legal processes and Or
ganize demonstrations at the
behest Of pastors Of their
churches. White people in
the South also used to be-
come impatient over the slow
ness of legal processes. The
Evening star., 1963-05-13

Theodore c. C.>Sorensen, spe-
cial counsel to President
Kennedy, has just made an
important point which seems
to have been overlooked by
the Senate Preparedness
Subcommittee in its critical
report on the Cuban problem.
He pointed out that a mem
Der Of Congress or the press
can achieve some measure Of
fame by reporting Tumors or
stating problems or raising
questions. But that can never
do for a President who must
make the decisions that will
affect the whole Nation.
He added that refugee re-
ports on offensive Soviet mis-
siles installed on Cuba recur-
red for well over a year be-
fore these missiles we're ac-
tually brought to the island.
Each report was methodically
examined by the intelligence
authorities. So long as these
finding were negative, no
President - whatever others
were saying-could stake the
security Of the Nation on
"unfounded rumors and exag-
geration." Once such a mis-
sile threat was found to exist,
the Government took the
most resolute action, even at
the risk Of q nuclear clash
with Russia.
Mr.. Sorensen said that last
fall most specialists in Soviet
affairs believed that long
range Soviet missiles, with
their closely guarded elec-
tronic systems, would never
be stationed in Cuba, nearly
5000 miles from Russian soil
and supplies. All the same.
each rumor to this effect
was checked out" and in
creasing rumors brought in
creased surveillance. When.
finally, the unexpected did
happen. this discovery did
not diminish President Ken
nedy's respect for these Ca
reer servants. 1t merely DEM
onstrated once again that
the only infallible experts
are those whose forecasts
= have never been tested"
Evening star., 1963-05-13
MAX FREEDMAN
Presidents Cuba Responsibility

cation that everyone In that
group" altered his views as
the issues were debated. Every
solution or combination Of
solutions was coldly examined
and its disadvantages weigh
ed. President Kennedy has
said the fact that the group
Of advisers started out with
a sharp divergence Of views
was very valuable" to him in
hammering out a policy.
But it is precisely these DIFF
ferences. with their unpre-
cedented mixture Of uncer-
tainty and danger, that have
been ignored by the commit
tee. 1t Is as II it criticized the
time Of the operation while
forgetting that the patient
has recovered. The missiles
have been removed. Cuba is
being watched as no other
nation has ever been watch
ed In peacetime to make sure
that no more offensive weap-
ons will be brought to the is
land. Nor can any hidden Of
fensive weapons be produced
suddenly without this country
knowing about 1t. Do the cri-
tics in Congress want Presi-
dent Kennedy to tell them
everything he is doing in and
over and near Cuba? He has
already been candid to the
limits Of responsibility. It Is
the critics who have not dealt
fairly with the country. Their
wisdom about the past, which
now safely belongs to history.
cannot excuse their reckless
mes about the future, which
can still be lost by blunder-
ing and provocative action.
Evening star., 1963-05-13
Apprenticeship Office
Proposal Indorsed

Undersecretary Of Labor
Henning's February propose
for q center to collect and dis
burse information on appren.
ticeships has been indorsed by
the D. c. Apprenticeship Coun-
ell, Chairman John r. Evans
announced.
The Council also has in
dorsed the Federal Equal En-
ployment Opportunity Bill in
troduced into the House BY
Representative Roosevelt, Dem
ocrat Of California.
Evening star., 1963-05-13
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Republicans snake-bit. They got less attention
throwing dinner than JFK got Just cutting
his finger while fixing himself snack
New Frontier color problem: They can't get Washington
out Of the Red-nor the Reds out Of Havana.
When astronaut gets job in the front office, the
people Of the promotion that he's been kicked
downstairs
FBI Chief j. Edgar Hoover starts his 40th year the
job Of chasing You've got to admire Hoovers udg
ment young man. He picked growth business
Evening star., 1963-05-13
No News Conference

President Kennedy will not
hold a press conference this
week. White House Press Sec
retary Pierre salinger said to-
day.
Evening star., 1963-05-13
By the Associated Press

The State Department thinks
the time may be right for re-
suming full diplomatic rela-
tions with Communist Hungary
and is sounding out key men,
bers of Congress to see if they
agree.
The means is an informal
memorandum being circulated
among members Of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
and the House Foreign Affairs
Committee. 1t contends the
Hungarian government has
been relaxing its oppressive
rule.
Among the recent develop
ments cited-a March 81 am
nesty that the department estl-
mates freed 5000 to 1000 peo-
pie, and efforts by the Kadal
government to work out some
sort Of accommodation" with
the Roman Catholic Church.
Sanction Unneeded
The United States has de-
clined to send a top-ranking
diplomat to Budapest since the
bloody 1856 fighting which
crushed an uprising by the
Hungarian people and put Pre-
mier Janos Kadar in power.
Legally, congressional sane
ton is not required to restore
full diplomatic relations with
Hungary. However, the depart
ment would be reluctant to
take the step If It felt q storm
Of protest would erupt on Cap
itol Hill.
Cite Cultural Farley
One problem on which recent
negotiations have been reported
between the Kadar regime and
the Vatican has been freedom
for Joseph Cardinal Mind
szenty. He took refuge in the
United States Legation at the
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1963-03-21

idea of future life is. From their
point of view, the Sadducees who
asked this question thought they
1ad sure-fre way to hold both
Jesus and the Pharisees (their
enemies) up to ridicule.
Third Question Which is the
greatest commandment? MEAN
ing which of the Ten Command
ments, no doubt Whatever Jesus
said about this, He would run into
people who had other ideas, and
have endless arguments on His
hands.
How the Master answered
The reader is referred to his
Bible mark IL, the Bible Mate
riaD to see exactly what Jesus
said to each of these questions.
We here observe the how of His
answers. The first question He an
swered by calling attention, dra-
matically too, to something they
hadn't thought of: these profess
sional patriots owed something to
Caesar. The government they
hated had made business possible
by coming money, had made life
safe by their military police, had
made travel possible by building
roads. And then Jesus calls their
attention to something else they
hadn't thought of: What about
their debt to God? The second
question He showed was meaning
less; no one would ask it who
knew as much about heaven as
Jesus knew. The question assum-
ed that the next life would be lust
like this one, with wives-and per-
haps groceries, medicine and Cos
sip! Jesus never tried fully to
describe the next life; He made it
clear that it could not be de-
scribed. AS for the last question,
He answered it in such a way rs
to attract a thoughtful, serious
man, and do him good.
Why the critics?
So Jesus crushed His critics, in
different ways. But why did He
have critics at all? For the same
reasons that He is resisted today.
Some men are too proud to bow
to the Carpenter of Galilee. Some
men do not want to believe what
they cannot first understand. Some
perhaps in their hearts would like
to believe and follow Him, but
they are afraid of what might be
said about them if they turned
Christians. (What did the Sanhe-
drin think of the one or two men
who stood up for Jesus?) Some
hang back because they know, as
the SadduceeS did, that if they
take up with Jesus they will have
to ditch their prejudices and ira
ditionS.
Biased on outlines copyrighted by
the Division of Christian Education,
National Council of the Churches of
Christ in the U. S. A. Released by
Com m unity Press Service.)
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1963-03-21
Critics Crushed
Lesson for March "a, 1868

Bible Material: Mark 12:1344.
Devotional Reading: John 12:44-50.
YOU can always tell how a
L mans mind works by getting
him into some kind of corner. 1t
may be a physical corner, such as
being caught in a burning build
ing; or it may be a mental corner,
as when some public and contrO-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1963-03-21

Assembly of God Gull Gospel
church,, Deer Park. Rev. Gail
Hixon, pastor. Sunday School, Gas
a. M; Worship, 10:45 a. m. Evan
gelistic service, 7:45 p. m. Wed, 8
D. M, Bible Study and Prayer serv-
ice.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1963-03-21
Sunday Services In The
Churches of the Community

Churches of the Community
st. Paul's Methodist, Oakland
Rev. Lawrence Sherwood, pastor
Sunday School, $50 a. m; Worship
Service, 10:45 q. m.
St. Marks EV. Lutheran, Oak
land rhe Rev. VIM. Ernest Fox
pastor Mathis, $50 a. m; Sunday
School, $3.50 a. m; The Service
10:45 a. M: Luther League Nit
District Spring Assembly, 3 to GAS
p. H. Mid-wcck Lentcn Vcspcr
service, Wednesday, 1890 p. m.
Church of ST. Peter the Apostle
Rev. Fr. Michael K. Carney, pas
tor; Rev. FIR. Joseph w. Krach, as
sistant. Masses Sunday, s a. m. and
10 a. m. Confessions Saturday, S
to 6 p. M, 7:30 to $50 a. m, and
Sunday before each mass. Immacu-
,ate Conception, Kitzmiller, Mass,
Sunday, 10 a. m.
st. Matthew's Episcopal, Oakland
The Rev W. Shelby Walthall, rec
tor. Holy Communion, a. m;
Church School and Morning Pray
err, II a. m; Holy Communion,
list Sunday, IL a. m.
Oak Park Church of the Breth-
rem, near Oakland. opposite South
ern High school, Rev. J. Stanley
Earhart, pastor Sunday School,
10 a. m: Worship, II a. m; CBYF,
7:30 p. m.
Church of the Nazarene, 8th and
Alder SITS, Oakland. Rev. Robert
c. Roberts. pastor Sunday School,
10 a. m; Worship Service, II a m;
Junior meeting, II a M; Nazarene
Young Peoples meeting, GAS p.
M Evening Service. 7:30 p. m.
Prayer meeting, Wednesday, 1870
p. m.
First Christian Church, Oakland,
Rev H. B. Rittenhouse, minister.
Worship Service, 10 a. m. Broad
cast over WKYR); The Holy Com
muniOn, 1920 a, m. +
First Baptist Church, S. Second
St, Oakland. Rev E. H. Wilt, pas
tor Sunday School, 10 a. m; Wor-
ship Service, II a. M; evening Fell
loWship, 7:30 p. m. Mid-week
services, Thursday, 4 p. m. Joy
club land 7:3O p. m. Prayer and
Bible study. Singspiration, Satur-
day, $50 p. m.
Bear Greek Church OF the Breth-
rem, Accident, Roger Fike, pastor
Sunday School, $50 a. M; Worship,
1870 a. m.
Friendsvile Methodist Charge,
Rev. Charles Hinkle, pastor. First
Methodist, 1st and 3rd Sunday,
Church School, 10 a. M; Worship,
II a. M; End and 4th Sunday, Wor-
ship, 10 a. M; Church School, IL
a. m. MYF each Sunday, p. m.
SeIbYsport, Worship, LIST and 3rd
Sunday, 9:45 a. m; Church School,
10:45 a. m. MYF each Sunday, Z
p. IN. Hoyes, Church School, 10 a.
m; Worship LIST and 3rd Sunday,
1870 p. m; End and 4th Sunday, IL
a. m. MYF each Sunday, p. m.
Blooming Rose, Church School, 10
a, M; Worship, End and 4th Sun
day, 1870 p. m.
creIIin E. U. 3. Church, Rev.
Charles fleets, pastor. Sunday
School, 9:45 a. M; Worship Serv-
ice, IL a. M, LIST and 3rd Sundays;
1880 p m, on the End and 4th Sun
days; Youth Fellowship, 1880 p m,
LIST and 3rd Sundays. Prayer Serv-
ice, Wednesday, 7:30 p. m.
Guiding Light Mission, miles
from Grantsville on Bittinger road.
Rev. Lloyd A. Trout, pastor Sun
day School, 10 a. M; Preaching and
healing service, IL a. m.
United PentecostaI, Sang Run,
Rev. VIM. Feather, pastor Sunday
School, 20 a. M; Evangelistic Serv-
ice, 7:30 p. M; Young Peoples
Service. Wed, 7:30 p. m.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1963-03-21
Bloomington Methodist Charge,


Rev. Clarence Winkler, pastor.
Bloomington: Preaching Sunday
nights, 7:30 p. M; Sunday School,
10 a. m; Prayer Meeting, Wed,
7:30 p. m. Cross, w. Va: Preaching,
End and 4th Sundays, II a. M;
Sunday School, 10 a. m; Prayer
meeting, Sunday, 1880 p. m. Chest
nut Grove: Preaching every Bird
Wednesday, 7:3O p. m, and LIST and
3rd Sundays, 10 a. M; Sunday
School, 10 a. m. Prayer meeting,
Friday, 1880 p. m. North Glade:
Preaching service 1st and 3rd Sun
days, II a. M; also LIST Friday, 1880
p. M; Sunday School, 10 a. m. Mt.
Zion: Preaching service, End and
4th Sundays, 3 p. M; Sunday
School, las p. M; Bible Study,
Wednesday, 6 p. m. Swanton:
Preaching service every Saturday,
Evangelistic Service, p. m; Bible
Study, Tuesday, 7:45 p. m.