davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

ministration leaders hope to re-
verse the 209-204 House vote.
The House also defeated a pro-
posed two-year extension of the
Mexican Farm Labor Act. In the
category Of legislative defeats was
the House Rules Committee shelv-
ing of bills for TV-radio cover
age of House committee sessions,
for abolition of the Committee on
Un-American Activities, and for
dividing the Education and Labor
Committee into two committees.
The Senate rejected rules change
to require a three-fifths instead
of two-thirds majority to cut off
filibusters.
Major bills passed by the Sen
ate alone included those for a
mass transportation program, a
Youth Employment Corps, wilder
ness preservation, water resources
research, a $40 million program
of mental health studies, a Joint
Congressional Committee on the
Budget, Commission on Science
and Technology, a program OF
educational opportunities for mi
grant workers, and a 15-year term
for future FBI directors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
BY ADAM CLYMER
Contributing Writer

BALTTMORE.-This city, long
regarded as a 'cader in Southern
school desegregation, has been
sharply told it will now be treated
as a Northern city and expected
to move promptly and positively
to mix the races in the schools.
Legal action and mass demon
STATIONS are threatened If the
school board does not shift from
a free choice" policy which is
theoretically neutral as far as in
tegration is concerned to an ac-
tive role of opposing de facto
segregation, whatever its .ause.
The demands. first announced
by officials of the National AS
ISOLATION for the Advancement of
Colored People at a tense board
meeting earlier this month, plainly
startled the board, which for nine
years has heard nothing but praise
on this subject, but its first re-
action was cautious, not angry.
But now the board has quar-
relied in public, in an unprece-
denied shouting match between
board members who disagreed over
whether Negro staff members were
getting fair treatment In promo
tons. Mrs. Elizabeth Murphy
Phillips, one of the boards two
Negro members, began the row
by denouncing an appointment list
as token desegregation steps"
She said the board was Sinking
its responsibility"
Other board members exploded
at Mrs. Phillips In the first dis
pute outside q closed meeting that
any observer could recall. Finally
the promotions we're approved,
with only Mrs. Phillips dissenting.
Some New Charges
This meeting provided a sharp
contrast to the earlier one, when
the board sat and listened TO a
series Of complaints and de-
mands. I'VE may have been fool
ing ourselves" Attorney Ell Frank.
jr., board president, said then,
but we have always thought that
all our policies were non-discrim-
inatory."
Plainly the demands made an
impression. School officials like
DR.. George B. Brain. superirten-
dent of schools. who very recently
criticized as "repugnant" the $50
cial engineering" involved In DELHI
crate quotas, have suddenly
begun to talk In terms OF a ma
tional problem with a local focus"
and urged reorganization Of the
Baltimore situation.
The board has taken one step
and proposes another TO meet
some Of the criticism. Last week
II voted funds TO buy enough
temporary classrooms and buses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
On Transportation

The youth employment and
mass transportation bills have
been approved by House commit
tees but are begged down in the
Rules Committee.
Senate and House have passed
different versions Of a bill to con-
tinue the Export Import Bank for
another five years and increase
its capitalization. The House will
vote July 9 on whether to send
the bill to conference because Of
a "backdoor spending" provision
voted by the Senate.
Another issue likely to be tied
up in conference involves a rider
to the otherwise routine Foreign
Service Buildings bill. This would
provide payment Of $73 million
in Philippine War Damage claims
but also would ban use Of the
money for lobbyists fees.
The only aid-to-education bill
passed by either branch thus far
was the House bill for Federal
financial assistance for medical
and other professional health
schools and students. The House
Education and Labor Committee
has approved q bill for construc-
ton aid to colleges and univer-
stiles and for communities "im-
pactsd" by Federal installations.
The Rules Committee has shown
no eagerness TO clear the higher
education aid bill. The Educa-
ton and Labor Committee Is un-
likely TO agree on any bill for
Federal aid 10 elementary and
secondary public schools.
A tax reduction and reform bill
stands high In the hopes Of Demo-
cratic congressional leaders but
the time OF It's appearance is
highly uncertain. The House
Ways and Means Committee has
completed hearings and staff spe-
cialists are preparing a final draft
for submission 10 the House.
Speaker Mccormack said he
would be greatly disappointed"
II the tax bill were blocked by a
long wrangle over civil right legis-
lation.
other House bills almost GER
tainly headed for trouble. even
aside from any prolonged session
on civil rights and taxation.
would establish q National Service
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

that there were often differences
that I might be unable to detect.
In Kiev that year, when I saw
Nicolai Skachko, deputy minister
of culture for the Ukrainian So
Wet Socialist Republic. he at
tempted to demonstrate that $50
cialist realism" is more than Just
duplicating photography. 1t must
portray an image, he said. Thus
when an artist paints q woman
"kolkhoz" collective farm work.
er, he must "catch the image;
he must project the depths of
her SOUL"
Mr.. Skachko waxed with en-
thusiaSm: I'm her eyes / see a
woman more than a woman, I
see a mother-I even see more
than a mother-I see that some
one loves her. And beyond all
this ! see that she is performing
a heroic deed in her work at the
'kolkhoz.' This image is realism;
the rest is photography" What
the government is after In this
case, of course, is motherhood
and high productivity for the
"kolkhoz."
To my question. SHOULD the
artist paint the weak side of
life?" Mr.. Skachko replied af-
Tentatively. But he explained that
the weakness should be painted
only so that it can be eliminated.
He told me of a famous painting
called Discussion of the Two"
In the Soviet schools, the marks
used in grading the pupils work
run 5, 4, 3, 2, land 2 is "un-
satisfactory" Said the min
lister: Here you see young peo-
pie condemning- by their pos
tures-the behavior of a COM
rade who got 2. Here in this
painting" he said, "is socialist
realism" And so it was. The So
Wet government in this case was
using the artist to shame and
cajole students to greater effort
for the greater glory of the ia
therland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

people could come and look at
their paintings; quite manifestly
q potential buyer cannot knock
at every artists door. They told
me that the passageway between
their two buldings-se seemingly the
buildings originally were intended
as high schools-was supposed to
be a gallery. But it has been
given over 10 the monumental
artists" AS soon as there is
enough room for the monument
tai artists" elsewhere, this pas
sageway will be available for ex-
hibit purposes.
Later, I discussed this with the
powerful Ma dame Ekaterina
Furtseva, cultural minister OF the
USSR. Madame Furtseva is the
only woman who has ever served
on the top party presidium. I
suggested to her that she set UP
a gallery for the artists. ! told
her: Here is a place where art
and commerce can join; these pic
lures will be bought by many tour
lists" There is very little a tour
list can buy in Russia. And the
truth is that these pictures will
be more popular with American
tourists than 80 per cent Of the
contemporary American art that
can be viewed at the annual show
at the Whitney Museum in New
York. Although the Soviet art
lists may be deviating slightly from
the pristine purity of the 1855
models of Socialist realism"
they are turning out the kind Of
art that Sears Roebuck could sell
in vast quantities.
There were two little cars
parked outside the building of
studios, and Ostrowsky pointed
them out proudly. They belonged
to artists who were earning
enough money to buy cars.
Is there a striving among the
Russian artists for greater free
dom of expression? I like to hope
so. It would be natural. I have
only a few shreds Of evidence. 1t
is true that the radical paint
ers and Sculptors who displeased
Chairman Khrushchev were
soundly castigated for deviating
from Socialist realism" 1t is
true that public shame has been
heaped upon them. But none OF
these offenders has been reported
as having been sent to Siberia
and none of their orthodox works
has = as yet, at any rate = been
reported to have been banned as
a punishment of them.
Inevitably, Soviet art must I'M
dergo change; the thinking Of the
Russian people is undergoing
change and Russian art will re-
fleet that change. What hap
pened under Stain will yield to
new artistic influences under
KhruShchev and his successors.
The tide may move very slowly,
almost imperceptibly, but it's
moving.
North American Newspaper Alliance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

one Of the art classes I visited In
the Leningrad school ! turned to
the dean in front Of three Of the
students oil paintings which
seemed to me to be done COM
pletely by United States CONNER
cial standards of 40 years ago.
They were large paintings, per-
haps "a by 40 inches in size, all
three of them of a woman in
bright colored clothes with a not
unattractive face.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Protests:
Still Going

Negro civil rights demOnstra-
tiOns continued last week, per-
haps fewer than in the weeks
Immediately preceding introduce
ton of the administrations
civil rights legislation but still
numerous enough to occupy a
lot of attention all over the
country.
The success of Negroes civil
rights demonstrations undoubt-
edly had led to a hesitation to
abandon them even in the face
of strong advice from friends.
Last week apprehension grew
that the proposed giant march
on Washington would hurt -
rather than help - the pending
rights legislation on Capitol Hill.
Senator Ribicoff, Democrat Of
Connecticut. a supporter of the
Presidents program, made a
speech in the Senate pointing TO
the right of the demonstrators to
march on Washington but warm
ing that "even If one Of the dem
onstrators commits an act of dis
order, 1t would grievously injure
this bill"
Only the day before the Rev.
George Lawrence Of Brooklyn,
regional director Of the Southern
Leadership Conference and CO.
chairman Of the proposed March
on Washington. had announced
that plans were going ahead for
1t and giving August % as the
date. The figure Of the marchers
was put at 100000. the largest
yet. II a filibuster should de-
velop over the legislation, Mr..
Lawrence warned. the march
might come off sooner.
A taste Of mass demonstrations
- running into the six-figure
class - came with a parade of
100000 down Woodward avenue In
Detroit last Sunday. The Rev.
Martin Luther King. IT,. led the
marchers who were demonstrating
for fuller rights. No incidents
we're reported. It was the goth
anniversary OF bloody Detroit race
riots In which "a persons we're
killed and TOO injured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
THE NATIONAL SCENE

States citizenship on Sir Winston
Churchill.
A Sc billion TreaSury-Post Of
flee appropriation bill has been
enacted. A 1928 million Interior
Department bill is in Senate
House conference. The House
alone has passed money bills for
the Labor. HEW, Agriculture,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

Corps patterned after the Peace
Corps, and provide cotton price
supports. The NSA bill might
come out of the Education and
Labor Committee in July. The
cotton bill already has emerged
from the Agriculture Committee
but currently is snagged by a tie
vote in the Rules Committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Trouble Spots

Cambridge, Md. remained one
OF the main trouble spots but
there was a ray OF hope as talks
were resumed between the Mayor
and Negro leaders for the first
time since June IS. AT issue was
a broad program OF civic rights
demanded by the Negroes and the
unwillingness OF the city council
TO grant It without q referendum.
In Danville, Va, where racial
disturbances have been marked by
outbreaks OF violence, 10 men were
indicted on a State charge Of in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

81 billion for the remainder of
the fiscal year ending June 80.
The acknowledgements
bill for an additional sass mil
lion for redevelopment of de-
pressed areas was the major cas-
ualty in the House since Janu-
airy. The Senate, however, passed
a similar bill last week and adj
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

State, Justice, Commerce and ju-
dietary, legislative and Defense
Departments. 1t still must act
on those for the District, foreign
aid, independent offices, military
construction and civil public
works. Senate and House earlier
agreed on two supplemental APP
preparation bills totaling almost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
More Thon Photography

asked the dean how anyone
could determine which Of the
three was the winner of the medal
he was offering. All seemed to
me to be the same. The dean
shrugged his shoulders and said
that sometimes it was impossible
to determine the best among
works of equal merit. He insisted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

one Of the three main studio
buildings in the city-this one an
enormous block of concrete, five
stories tall, which contains 100
studios for $50 painters.
The artists don't have their
apartments here, just their stu
dos, and very large and commo-
dious studios they are. Each is
about 20x30 feet, with high CELL
ings. The artists living quar-
tiers are scattered all over Mos
COW. We were told that 5000 of
the Soviet Unions 1000 artists
live In Moscow. ! assume that
the $50 judged to be the most
preferred politically get studios in
these three buildings.
The painter who took us in
tow was a Mr.. Ostrowsky, about
35 years old. Stocky and blond
with q ready smile-he greeted
us in shirt sleeves. With his crew
cut, he looked as though he might
have been foreman in a steel
factory or a teacher Of physics
or football in a high school.
He displayed a recent series Of
his paintings, outskirts of Mos
cow" which had been exhibited in
a one-man show. They glorified
Moscow's growth. The minister
of cultures had bought two of his
works very large canvases -
executed in the tradition of so
cialist realism" but with some
slight relaxation from the ultra
realistic Photographic technique.
One Yearly Show
I asked him how many paint
ers got their work exhibited. He
said that all accredited painters
exhibit annually and all to-
gether-a have ever since 1854.
The president Of the artists union
appoints a committee, which Sc
lects the artists who can exhibit.
No one can exhibit without such
approval. Thus the union has
the key control. 1t represents the
Kremlin, which in this manner d.
reefs the ambitious painters
brush.
I asked the Moscow artists
whether they feel their paintings
are Socialist Realism" and, Of
course, each attested that his work
qualities as such.
I asked the artists how they
sell their pictures. This is indeed
a problem for them. People have
to come to their studios to look
at the paintings unless the
works happen to sell at the one
exhibit of the year in which all
participate. The government ap-
parently is the big buyer. (This
is undoubtedly another way in
which the government keeps the
artists in line.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Continued From Page CT

to bring up the whole thing either
in July or early August.
In the Senate there is no ex-
pectation that any action will
come before Labor Day. In fact.
there was talk of a two-week re-
cess in August and a fresh start
in September. The next date mem
toned - by the peSSimit S - was
Thanksgiving.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Visit to Studios

In Moscow, asked to see some
thing Of what was going on in
Soviet painting, particularly
among the younger artists. My
wife and I were invited to visit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Slight Relocation

But by 1862 it seemed to me
that some of the canvases were
no longer the same literal and
exact Photographic realism of
1855. The artists were beginning
to break away a little bit. One
figure in a painting I saw had
no face. Some emphasized color
as much as or even more than
form. However, there was no hint
of any kind of abstract art or
of what many Americans call
modern art"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Why No Gallery?

I inquired why they didn't have
a gallery in their building where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Politics.:
Set for'64

The two major political par
ties last week selected their
convention cities for the
1864 presidential nominating
sessions.
When the 1864 presidential cam
paign rolls around, the Republic
cans will be turning their eyes
to the West; the Democrats, on
the other hand, will be looking to
the East.
Aside from any political impH-
cations, there is a simple geo.
graphical explanation for this:
The Republican National Com
mittee, at its recent meeting in
Denver's Brown Palace Hotel, Sc
lected San Francisco as the site
of its 1864 presidential nominat-
ing convention. The Democratic
Committee, meeting three days la
ter at the International Inn here,
picked Atlantic City, M.
The Republicans, with the pros
poets of razzle-dazzle gathering
to pick its standard-bearer, de-
cided to convene on July %.
The Republican decision to take
its convention to the Far West,
was not, apparently, a difficult
one. San Francisco wrapped up
the gathering with a solid bid
of $3.50 900. and the decision was
one that most Republicans could
applaud.
Some Memories
For them. It Is a place Of pleas
ant memories. It was there In
1865 that the Republicans renom-
mated the ticket Of Dwight d.
Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon
with no more excitement than an
effort to nominate q fictitious
Joe Smith" for a spot In the
party armament.
When Atlantic City won the
Democratic convention on q bid
Of S625, 900 with rent-free use OF
It's convention hall, New Jerseys
Gov. Richard J. Hughes was quick
10 express his thanks. In q state
ment he pointed out that Atlantic
City is "the playground Of
America"
The Democratic delegates prob
ably viii have plenty OF time for
play. They will find themselves
pretty much In the position the
Republicans were In San Francisco
In 1855.
They will have q ready-made
ticket In President Kennedy and
Vice President johnson. Nothing
more arduous confronts them
than sitting through the usual
round OF party speeches and put
ting q stamp Of approval on q
platform which probably will be
written in the White House or
dictated from there. They might
even relish a Joe Smith" move
TO enliven what promises 10 be
the dullest Democratic gathering
In many years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
Good News

On the other side the the coin:
Gov. Bert T. Combs of Ken
lucky signed an executive order
prohibiting racial discrimination
in all businesses licenses by the
State. This includes restaurants,
barber shops. funeral homes, tav-
erns.
The California legislature out
lawed racial discrimination in
virtually all publicly assisted
housing and about so to 70 per
cent of private housing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
On Socialist Realism

In 1855 the dean at the Lenin-
grad Art School explained to me
that Socialist realism is realistic
art understandable to the masses
of the people" The style of paint
ings I saw there reminded me of
the Illustrations that used to APP
pear in the Saturday Evening
Post" and Golfers" in the 1920s.
Seven years later, in 1862, the
paintings I saw in the USSR were
still realistic" as judged by New
York standards. But they did not
seem to me quite as literal photo
graphic realism as in 1866.
Let me cite a 1855 example. In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

used to describe the official style
Of art In the Soviet Union. ABB
stract painting is no joking mat
ter to Mr.. Khrushchev. In De-
cember he snorted:
Such art is alien to our peo-
pie and they reject it. Let those
people who consider themselves
artists and yet paint pictures
where one cannot tell whether
they have been painted by a
mans hand or daubed by the tail
Of a donkey ponder over that. Let
them understand their errors
and work for the good Of the
people"
Mr.. Khrushchev's snort fol-
lowed his inspection Of q Moscow
exhibition of 1000 paintings and
pieces of sculpture. marking the
30th anniversary of the founding
of the Moscow branch Of the So
Wet Artists Union. The Chairman
who admits he is no art spe-
cialist but knows what he diSlikes
charged that a number OF
works display journalistic ten
denotes and make people appear
ugly and Inundated" The artists
were accused of succumbing to
the allen influence Of the de-
cadent art of the West" Later,
in March, he castigated writers
along the same line.
Sham Defense
The accused artists we're Elm
vited" to appear before tie Soviet
Artists Union to present their
case-but they didn't make much
of an impression. In the Soviet
Union the Kremlin assigns the
artist q single task: Advance the
cause of communism. He is sup
posed to do this by inspiring the
populace to work and fight,
through paintings In the form OF
so-called Socialist realism"
Interestingly enough. Socialist
realism" is based on a concept
adopted by a group of Is Russian
artists In the 1905. Calling them
selves 1.-THE Wanderers" they
were sponsored by a Russian rail-
road tycoon, Savva Mamantov, a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

citing to racial riot. Leonard w.
Holt, a Norfolk Negro attorney
and long active in indignation eff
forts, was arrested. The situation
was complicated further when De-
partment of Justice efforts to get
a commitment from the city on
hiring for city jobs were not sue
cesSflll
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

The author, publisher Of the
Encyclopedia Britannica, Is for
mer Senator from Connecticut
and an ex-assistant Secretary
of State. He has visited the
Soviet Union several times and
Is a close student Of Russian
art.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30

wisdom and heroism Of the Com
munist Party" Thus art, realistic
art, became an arm Of the party's
propaganda. It portrayed the tri-
umphs of communism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-30
BY WILLIAM BENTON

SOUTHPORT, Conn.-Is there
q "thaw" in Soviet art? Or will
Chairman Khrushchev revert to
the Stain era and apply a new
freeze?
Premier Khrushchev has lev
eled his wrath at Soviet artists
who stray from the narrow path
of social realism"-the phrase
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-20

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