davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-04-25
Why to the Noon?

There may be some reason to queS-
ton whether the Nations space program
is enriching our civilian economy to as
great an extent, or as at fast pace, as
that suggested by Vice President john
son in his Dallas speech the other day.
What can hardly be doubted, however,
is the soundness of what he has had to
say about our projected lunar voyages
and other far-out enterprises. As he has
put it.:
When we send our probes on missions into
space near and far, we are not engaging in
idle adventures. AS some say. What man
can conceive, man can do" AS Just one ex-
ample, 1t is conceivable that an unfriendly
power might use space for arms storage, or
for the stationing of offensive weapons. or
for other hostile purposes.
II we are to be responsible and prudent,
we must anticipate today what the Soviets or
others might have or might develop 10 threat
en- our freedom. We cannot wishfuly and un-
realistically assume that no nation will extend
It's detectives of world domination by means
of space Weapons. -.
To reach the moon is a risk. But 1t is
a risk we must take. Keep in mind that fall
ure TO 90 into space is even risker. Where
the moon is a major goal today, 1t will be
tomorrow a mere whistle stop Tor the space
traveller.
AS chairman of the Space Advisory
Council, Mr.. Johnson speaks with au-
thority on this subject, and he is sup
ported by many of the Nations most
distinguished scientists and military
experts. He is supported also by Presi-
dent Kennedy, who has warned at his
latest news conference that we can defer
our lunar probes and similar ventures
only at our peril as Nation.
The warning is well-timed, espec-
tally so because OF what some otherwise
sensible and perceptive people have been
saying about the alleged nonsensicality
of flying to the moon when the money
could be better spent on such urgent
projects as building schools, sewage
plants and more and more highways
right down here on earth.
Evening star., 1963-04-25
Ass1teoque Seoshore

The first reaction to Secretary
Udall'S proposal to convert Assateague
Island to a National SeaShore area is
hopeful. S. Lawrence Zimmerman,
chairman Of Maryland'S Commission on
Forests and Parks, has warmly embraced
the concept Of public development and
control Of the entire 33-mile barrier
shore. Republican Representative Nor
ton, from the Eastern Shore, has said
very much the same thing. And Cover
nor TaweS has agreed at least to hold off
a contract award for the long proposed
Assateague bridge while he ponders the
Interior Department proposition.
1t is absurd, however, to think that
much time will be required for decision.
On the one hand the Governor can
choose the happy prospect of a $12.3-
million Federal program, which, added
to a nine-mile-long State park, would
reclaim and preserve a superb recrea-
tional and scenic resoure. This, OF
course, would benefit all the people. On
the other is the specter of haphazard
private development, which according
to State health official would lead to
"a ceSSpool paradise" plus the absence
Of unified effort to stabilize the shore
line now so vulnerable to the elements,
and, worst Of all, the loss OF the only sub
stantial natural shore area left along the
entire Atlantic coast north OF Virginia.
Those who know and love Cape Cod,
or the starkly beautiful and fascinating
miles OF shore which have been reclaimed
on the Outer Banks of North Carolina,
will need no convincing Nor does the
Bureau Of outdoor Recreation estimate
that the Assateague park areas would
attract million visitors annually seem
excessive. Cape Hatteras had 650,000
visitors in 1862 despite its isolation and
the difficulty Of access. BY contrast,
some 81 million people-almost a sixth
OF the Nations population-live within
a 250-mile radius Of Assateague. AS this
urban concentration continues to ex-
pand, the value Of such regional rec
Evening star., 1963-04-25
A Plea for Precision

The President, when asked at his
news conference about Republican criti-
cisms Of his handling of the Castro
problem, suggested bit acidly that he
is getting plenty of free advice. But
he also said he wished there might be
more precision" in a matter of this
Importance.
He went on to say he thought it
was unfortunate" that Castro was "per-
mitted to assume control" back in the
1950s (during the Eisenhower Nixon ad-
miniStration) and that it might have
been easier to have taken action then
than 1t is now.
Here, again, the vice of impreciSe-
ness creepS in. Mr.. Kennedy did not
say how he would have prevented Castro
from assuming control back in the sos.
How does he think the Eisenhower Nixon
team might have prevented itP BY
propping up Batista and keeping him in
power?
Evening star., 1963-04-25
Death of Pvt. Elmer Hunter

AS a native and lawyer in
this community, I was deeply
disturbed by your editorial
Of April 20 entitled "The
Death of Pvt. Elmer L. Hunt
er" which seems to be an eff
fort by your newspaper to in
sinuate a criminal accused Is
afforded undeserved protec-
ton by a public that is soft
towards crime e. I especially
resent the sentence therein
"The bleeding heart brigade
of our community who con-
sistently seem more inter-
ested and concerned with the
technical rights Of criminals
than the basic rights of law
abiding citizens to be Sc
cure :" for bein. mislead-
ing and not in accordance
with fact and law.
Be advised am the court
appointed counsel for the ac-
cused charged with killing Of
ficer Hunter, and this is one
of numerous cases in which
I have appeared as appointed
counsel without compensa-
ton. which is part OF the sys-
tenn that gives real effect TO
the privileges OF indigents
guaranteed by the Bill Of
Rights.
MY resentment at your
editorial results from my
sincere belief In justice under
the law, and because II seems
calculated to prejudice the
constitutional rights OF all
defendants In criminal cases.
The Bill OF Rights does not
afford an accused the tech
nical rights" as indicated by
you. but basic rights" ex-
tended to all. Even II you
meant technical" as synon-
ymous with "procedural.' you
should know that the history
OF liberty has largely been
the history of observance OF
procedural safeguards. and
that the effective admins
tration Of criminal justice
Evening star., 1963-04-25

hardly requires disregard Of
fair procedures imposed by
law.
I regret the killing Of Of
ficer Hunter as much as you
do, but I, as well as the ma
jority Of the people, believe
that a defendants privileges
under the Bill of Rights must
be preserved. Criminal trials
involve q conflict between the
defendants constitutional
rights and what you seem to
think is effective law enforce
ment. Any consideration Of
that conflict must start with
the proposition that the de-
fendant is presumed to be
innocent until due process OF
law finds him guilty. Please
remember that the same Bill
Of Rights which guarantees
you freedom Of the press"
also guarantees every de-
fendant a fair and impartial
trial" and 1.-The effective as
sistance OF counsel"
MyrOn G. Enrich.
Editors note: Mr.. Ehrlich
errs in his reference tC "your
editorial" The editorial was
a reprint from The Police
mems Association News)
E&
THE Death Of Pvt. Elmer
L. Hunter" Is, II seems to
me, another attempt TO hang
an albatross Of guilt around
the collective necks Of those
derisively called the bleed
ing heart brigade" Surely
the anti-bleeding- -heart-bri-
gaders are not maintaining
that Pvt. Hunter should have
shot the offender at the very
outsetl
II seems TO me. further,
that a vitality pertin INT ques-
ton is being official.
skirted: why did the police
man not frisk the miscreant
In the initial process Of ar
resting him7"
J. w. Haywood, jr.
Evening star., 1963-04-25

cism Of wrong-headed and
futile foreign policies - to
mention two, the Congo and
the Cuban Communist men
ace. I have also found David
Lawrence'S excellent articles
most enlightening and stimu-
lating.
I earnestly hope that your
editorials, Cuban Policy"
and Unworthy Politicking,"
which are not in line with
your usual views and COM
ments, do not signal a shift
from the role of constructive
critic to that of apologist Of
appeasement, broken prom
ises of positive action in our
Nations defense, fear, and
the adoption Of a policy of
coexistence with Communist
dictators, timid and weak and
confused leaders, and grovel-
ing before a braggart with
out the economic resources
to wage a war Of any dura-
ton.
Your courageous, enlight-
ened and constructive crit
icism is a patriotic service,
and source of encouragement
to many of your readers.
Ira B. Hill.
&& =
I believe we can look with
respect on the adminiStra-
tion's firming-up attitude re-
garding the Cuban refugees.
Now that the Sentimentalists
and do-gooders have wiped
their crocodile tears and left
the scene, the realists are be-
ginning to come on strong.
1t seems these Castro de-
fectors are not all heroic free
dom fighters. Cardona is evi-
dence that some are miSfitS
and prima donnas. 1t is not
hard to reach the conclusion
that If these Cubans were so
ardently patriotic they would
even now be in the Sierra
Maestro mountains biding
their time-even as Castro
did. Castro on his part very
gleefully and profitably un-
loaded his disSident compa-
triots on Uncle Sucker.
1t is a bit thick to expect
the American people to go on
paying dearly for the privil-
ege of assuming this liabil-
ity. What with Mississippi
and all we have enough to
worry about. Perhaps we
ought to simply shove these
Cuban renegades firmly out
of the country and have done
with 1t.
Yankee 81! Refugee no!
Carl Wickum
4 4 y
While I am certainly not
condoning the belligerent at
Evening star., 1963-04-25
THE POLITICAL MILL
Kennedy-Jo Johnson Ticket Gets OK
By GOULD LINCOLN

Just as important to carry
Texas for the Kennedy ticket
next year as to carry New
York. Republican leaders be-
lieve they have a real chance
to break even more effective
ly into the electoral vote Of
the Democratic solid South
next year than did Gen.
Eisenhower in 1856, when he
carried five of the II States.
Former President Eisen-
hover, while he has not OPP
posed but supported space
developments, has declared a
dim view of the Kennedy OBJ
jective of placing man on
the moon-at q cost Of $40 to
$40 billion dollars. And he
has said all this in his argu-
mentS for a curtailment of
Government expenditures and
against the deficit spending
program of the Administra-
ton.
The G. o. P. is planning to
make Fiscal responsibility"
a major issue against Mr..
Kennedy in the 1864 cam
paign. II the party follows
the lead of Gen. Eisenhower
toward what he has called
the "spongy" space program
of President Kennedy, the
proposed huge expenditures
for a man-on-the-moon prof.
ect will be part Of the Re-
publican challenge.
Industrial Revolution"
Vice President johnson,
whose interest in space de-
velopment began years ago,
in his Dallas address said
that one fact about the Age
Of Space which many have
overlooked and neglected Che
may have been thinking Of
Republican critics, including
Gen. Eisenhower is that it
signals "a second industrial
revolution" for all regions Of
America.
Some of our countrymen
suspect that space is a gim-
mick or a gamble" he said.
Others regard it as forced
upon us solely by considera-
tions of national prestige and
international competition
the necessity of keeping up
with the Russians" Such
conceptions. he said, are false.
After emphasizing the value
Of space investigation to man,
the Vice President spoke par
ticularly of the industrial
revolution" these programs
are performing. "Our pro-
gram" he said, sis creating
and helping to create new
basic industries for our econ
omy. The number of private
companies and research or
CARNATIONS participating in
our space programs has grown
in less than six years to more
than 5000. A single orbital
flight by one of our astro-
nauts last year required the
supporting services of more
than 400. 900 Job holders. Out
Of our space research have
come more than 5000 new
products and methods avail
able for the use of private
enterprise"
ITO reach for the moon is
a risk. but it is a risk we
must take" for national Sc
curity, too. ~ ."
Evening star., 1963-04-25
Purgers, Stay Home

The report that some New Frontiers
men would like to purge some Southern
Democrats in Congress is, Of course,
hardly surprising. AS we get the story,
a group of downtown" liberalS-includ-
ing labor's COPE group and friends Of
the Attorney General, but not including
the President-have been talking about
invading the primaries on behalf Of
candidates more friendly to the admin
Stration than the incumbentS have been.
Now that this plan has been publicized,
1t might very we'll be dropped. And this
would be good thing.
In the first place, there is something
unattractively arrogant about the way
the contemplated maneuver floutS the
principle of democratic government in
the House of Representatives. This prin-
ciple is that the views of the people are
reflected in the legislature by delegates
chosen for the precise reason that they
do reflect the views Of their constituents.
The legislative process in such body
theoretically thus becomes the net prod
uct of the popular will. This is as close
as modern government can come to the
ideal Of democracy.
But, for the burgers, this kind OF
democracy won't do. 1t is up to political
operators in Washington, not elected by
anybody, to decide what sort Of repre-
Sentatives should be put forward by the
Democratic Party in the South. Right
thinkers are to be helped to take the
place Of wrong thinkers, and the test Is
not whether the lawmaker thinks like
his constituents, but whether he thinks
like Bobby Kennedy. The John Birchers,
according to another story, are going to
try exactly the same sort of thing.
Well, politics is politics. Maybe the
downtowners are entitled to whatever
they can get away with, particularly
because, If they succeed, the most likely
immediate result in the Southern pri-
maries would be a bonanza for the
Republicans.
There is, however, serious reason
why we can't accept this prospect with
equanimity. Underlying the whole con-
cept Of such purge is the notion that
the political health of this country would
be improved by a clean right-left divi-
sion Of the two major parties. That Is
a tidy, simple idea which has always
had great appeal to tidy, simple-minded
people. Assuming the parties take their
missions seriously, two-party system
with sharp cleavage between the liberal
and conservative groups is an exceeding
ly difficult arrangement. Changes in
administration must lead to abrupt
wrenches of the economy and political
structure Shifts of handful Of voters
in key areas can lead to establishing
socialist institutions one year and to
tearing them down the next.
Not so with us now. The genius Of
the American system lies in the fact that
our great political parties are both mass
parties, cutting across the political spec
trum, overlapping each others positions.
This is a source of stability. 1t produces
a government Of evolution, by a sort OF
rolling consensus. A change in governing
parties means that change goes little
faster-or eases up bit. The social ap-
paratus builds slowly, but 1t builds to
stay.
Somehow we think Bobby and his
friendS-and the John BircherS, too
ought not to mess around too much with
this basic Setup.
Evening star., 1963-04-25
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
The 'Reeking Tube and Iron Shord
BY RALPH McGILL

In one of Rudyard Kipling's
most quoted poems he warned
against putting all trust in
reeking tube and iron shard.
It is relevant to q discussion
Of disarmament only as we
understand that there is, after
all. no ultimate security in
ornaments.
If we could, in an instant,
destroy all the arms Of steel
and other metals in the world
today. the United States would
be more vulnerable to her
enemies than now. Berlin and
West Germany would be In
even greater jeopardy. The
island of Taiwan would fall
soon after Quemoy and Mat
su were overrun by hordes Of
men from the mainland. The
Chinese and the Russians,
presuming the latter could
muster even two-thirds Of
their S tellite manpower,
would possess overwhelming
manpower. They could pick
up clubs, produce bows and
arrows, spears and other
primitive implements and
overwhelm their opposition by
sheer force Of numbers.
Evils Of Testing
1t is not possession Of weap-
ons which makes for aggres-
sion and conflict. This is pre-
cisely why search for an ef-
fective nuclear test ban seems
to be in the national interest.
The nations which have large
stockpiles of mans most
dreadful and awesome force
would not, under proposals
now UP for discussion, destroy
them. They would begin by
agreeing to halt further test
ing Of nuclear mixtures. This
would Immediately benefit the
world including the two major
powers. The air both breathe
would be cleaner. Strontium
90 would disappear from milk,
meat and vegetables. 1t also
would not be additionally
stored In the bones OF chill
dren and adults.
An associated proposal To
test bans Is that O start be
made at abolishing delivery
vehicles. especially the near
obsolete BAT OF the United
States and the Soviet Badger
Both we're designed and con-
structed as intercontinental
bombers capable Of delivering
atomic bombs. Rockets and
other refinements In delivery
systems reduced them to the
status Of q Model-T Ford in
modern transportation In SO
far as warfare between con-
tinents Is concerned. But In
the hands Of smaller nations
they would change the bal
ance OF power. A suggestion
was made that II the Rus
slams and the United States
would begin a schedule oi
eliminating these aircraft, de-
signed for the early stages Of
the atomic-weapon age, q test
Evening star., 1963-04-25

ban might thereby be assisted.
Even more important, these
still powerful vehicles would
be kept out of the hands Of
smaller. less stable nations in
which struggles for power are,
and for some time will be, q
way Of political life.
There was very little politi-
cal outcry against the sug-
gestion. Senator Goldwater
loudly opposed on the basis
OF economy The moment
passed. The Soviets began a
stepped-up barter Of Badgers
to Egypt. Russian ground-to-
air anti-aircraft missiles are
being installed in the Suez
area. A Badger can fly the
length Of Israel, for example,
In perhaps 10 minutes. 1t can
cross the entire Middle East
ern area Of the Mediterra-
mean in a half hour. Turkey
is a brief flight away.
Omin0us Trend
The Soviets seemingly are
gambling on q Nasser-type
revolution slowly gaining the
upper hand In Arab lands.
For much the same reason
the revolutions which are
stewing In Latin America will
begin in the Castro form-as
protests by those long disin-
herited and exploited by their
own governments. II things
60 as they are 1t will not be
more than q decade before
"nuclear hardware" viii be
for sale in the world markets
just as machine guns, artil-
lery. automatic rifles, gre
nades. ct cetera, long have
been for sale at marked down
prices. Much Of today's sup
ply Of arms being used, and
smuggled into Latin America
for guerrilla groups. comes
from Finland. Czech guns also
are for sale in quantity, and
lesser supplies carry the labels
Of many nationalities.
A test ban on nuclear weap-
ons would not halt prolifera-
tion. But II would be q moral
example. II could be expanded
into something more effective
Certainly humanity cries out
for a continued effort by
man himself to try and con-
tain the motivations which
lead to uses for the ultimate
weapons.
CAN Rishts Reserved
Evening star., 1963-04-25
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Just what are truffles2
III. r.
A. Truffles are edible fungi
which grow underground in
the poorest soil; they can
not be cultivated. The finest
specimens are black all
through and are considered
q delicacy. Truffles may be
small as a pea or large as an
orange. In Europe, young
sows and dogs are trained TO
find them.
Evening star., 1963-04-25

It's a far cry from New
York's Manhattan Island to
Dallas, Tex. However, q
speech by Democratic Ma
tional Chairman John M.
Bailey in the first and an
other by Vice President Lyn-
don B. johnson in the Sec
ond provides q link. Both
were delivered Tuesday
night. Chairman Bailey gave
the 1864 Democratic national
ticket-Kennedy and john
son-an official blessing. The
Vice President put in an i'm
portant plug for one of the
administrations most cher
ished programs-the devel-
opment Of outer space for in
dustrial and national security
purposes. The address Of the
Democratic National Chair
man was entirely political
before a gathering of New
York's Democratic leaders;
that Of the Vice President
was as chairman of the Ad-
visory Space Council at q
meeting of the American In
stitute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics. q
It has been taken for
granted-more and more as
Mr.. Kennedy's political needs
in the South have been de-
veloping - that the Presi-
dents running mate next
year would be Mr.. johnson
Of Texas, who performed
yeoman service for the Presi-
dent in that area of the
country in 1860. Mr.. Bailey,
urging the New York Demo-
Gratis to unite and forget
their local fights to save the
Empire State for the national
ticket next year. said: "It is
no secret that New York
will be a very important
State in the election of 1854
and my job Is to work with
the Democratic leadership
everywhere to do everything
we can to re-elect our Presi-
dent and Vice President and
give them a strongly Demo-
cratic Congress with which
to work."
Kennedy Stand Seen
The Democratic radicals of
the North did not take
kindly to the nomination of
Mr.. johnson for Vice Presi-
dent in 1860. Some of them
would like to Shunt him aside
when the Democratic Ma
tional Convention meets next
year. It Is not likely that
Chairman Bailey would have
spoken so positively as he
did If the Kennedys had any
other idea about the Presi-
dents running mate in the
coming national election.
The Vice President has
been a strong spokesman foi
the Kennedy administration
and a close adviser. He ha.
been sent by the President
on many important mission.
abroad and in this country
His was the voice used BY
President Kennedy to reas.
sure West Berliners that thil
country would support theil
freedom from Communis
domination when their mo.
rale was at q low ebb in 1861
He was most successful. Or
the political front, 1t could b,
Evening star., 1963-04-25

reation area will likewise grow. Mary
land should join the Interior Department
in an all-out effort to make the ASA
league National SeaShore reality.