davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

teenth Amendments gave "pri-
mary responsibility" for pro-
tecting Negro rights to the Leg
islative branch. Yet for more
than rs years, the report said,
mot single law was adopted
by Congress to make real this
promise Of equality.
"The two modest if not minor
civil rights laws enacted by
Congress in 1857 and 1860
have hardly come close to full
filling Congressional response
bility," the survey continued,
adding:
"The contribution of the Su-
preme Court to the struggle for
racial equality has been much
greater than that Of the Presi-
dents Roosevelt, Truman, Els
enhower and Kennedy and of
course immeasurably greater
than that of Congress-"
The report pointed out that
a little-noted decision by the
court in the Peterson case, set
ting aside the convictions of
Negro sit-in demonstrators pro-
testing segregation at depart
ment store lunch counters in
Greenville, S. c., "may turn out
to be one of major Importance
ranking in significance with the
landmark cases of Baker ". Carr
Legislative malapportionment) J
and Engel v. Vitale New York
Regents prayer) of the 1861 -S2
term" The American Jewish
congress study declared:
"The Peterson decision and
its companion decisions reflect
a willingness on the part of the
court to provide legal frame
work in which the Negro NAV
strive for his own emancination
1t has, in effect, indicated that
it will not repeat the tragic
mistake of the Dred Scott de-
cision but, on the contrary, will
seek to create a lawful and
peaceful transition from racial
inequality to racial equality"
Liberal Bloc Held Dominant
While the court is united on
the major issues of national con-
Germ such as racial equality and
church-state separation, individ-
ual differences among the JUS
tees on other questions still per-
NIT a division of the bench into
"liberaF and conservative"
wings, the analysis found.
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

were all unanimous or near
unanimous. These includid rul-
ings upholding Negro sit in
demonstrations in the South,
outlawing Bible reading and
prayer recitation in public
schools, requiring states to pro-
vide legal counsel for INDECENT
defendants in all criminal cases
and ordering that the principle
of one-person, one-vote be ap-
piled in statewide and county
wide elections.
The unanimity of the court
can be explained in part, the
survey noted, by the fact that
relatively few cases involving
internal security came before it
during the 1962-63 term. This
issue has been the major source
OF division in the court within
recent years, it was stated.
Court Seen Acting In Face OF
Default BY Congress On
Civil Rights
The report said that during
the past lis years the high court
has been increasingly involved"
with civil rights and civil liber-
ties issues, reflecting the grow
ing concern of the American
people with these issues.
In its decisions on these oues-
tions, the study commented, the
Supreme Court appears to
have stepped into the vacuum
created by the default of Con-
gress in discharging the respon-
sibilities imposed on it's by the
Constitution"
The American Jewish Con-
gress analysis noted that the
Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fif-
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

Appointment of Justices Ar
thur J. Goldberg and Byron
White to succeed Felix Frank
furter and Charles Whitaker,
the report said, shifted the line
up of the court from a 5-to-4
conservative" majority to a
5-to-4 "liberal" majority.
A tally of the individual vot-
ing records Of the nine justices
schowed that Justice Goldberg
sided most frequently with the
liberals" - Warren, Brennan,
Black and Douglas-while JUS
tice White voted on many cases
with the conservatives" -
Clark, Harlan and Stewart. Be-
fore their retirement from the
bench, Justices Frankfurter and
Whitaker voted most frequent
ly with the conservative" wing.
The summary showed that
eleven of the AZ cases covered
in the 1962-63 study were decid-
ed by 5-to-4 votes. All but one
of these were carried by the
'Hberals."
Justices Voting Records
Analysed
The American Jewish Con-
gress report analyzed the JUS
tees opinions according to
whether they were favorable or
unfavorable to the individual or
group asserting a Constitutional
or civil right. This method was
adopted in preparing the sur
vey, it was explained, as a rel
atively objective method of clas-
sification. There was no as
sumption that the person claim
ing the right was necessarily
justified in doing so.
The difference between the
'1iberaP and conservative"
blocs was most apparent, ac-
cording to the report, in a COM
parative tabulation of the votes
of the justices in the az cases
covered. Of the five liberal"
justices, Douglas showed a rec
ord of SO favorable and un-
favorable votes; Warren, Black
and Brennan each voted SO and
4; and Goldberg voted 81 and 5.
The conservative" wing con-
sisted of Justices White (23 fav-
orable, 10 unfavorable); Stew
art (21 and 2D; Clark Q18 and
24) and Harlan ia and 28).
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
training.

training.
The industrial advisors are:
William l. Elrod, who is sta
toned in Atlanta, Ga; Mrs.
Amy Terry, working in New
York City; Cicero Scott Of the
Chicago office, and Charles R.
Jaymes out of the San Fran
cisco office.
Representatives from minor
ity groups on the 15-member
Advisory Committee on Appren-
ticeship, which is chaired by
Under Secretary of Labor John
F. Henning, are: the Rev. Wal
ter Janer, Nativity Mission
Center, New York City; Eman-
uel Muravchik, Director, Jew
ish Labor Committee, New York
City; Chester Lewis, National
Board Member, NAACP; John
Welch, Dean, School of Mechan-
ical Industries, Tuskegee Insti-
tute; and Mrs. Dolores Huerta,
California Legislative Repre-
sentative, Stockton, Calf.
Following are the criteria
which must be met by local ap-
premiership programs to meet
Labor Department certification
standards:
l. Selection of apprentices
must be determined on basis
of equal opportunity. Qualifi-
cations should be determined by
fair tests, occupationally essen
tial physical requirements, and
other merit standards.
2. Previously developed appli-
cation lists for apprenticeship
must be in harmony with the
first standard.
8. After selections have been
made, it must be demonstrated
that no discrimination exists
either in the apprenticeship pro-
gram itself or in the employ
ment to which the program is
related.
4. Where apprentices are Sc
lected from a restricted pool,
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
u. c. Court

Continued From Page One)
that the six carriers have been
brought under specific court
order to cease their jim crow
practices.
Some of the carriers have
been guilty of maintaining dual
waiting rooms even though seq
regation policies and signs have
been removed.
Carriers joined by Legal De-
fense Fund attorneys are the
Jackson Municipal Airport
Authority, Continental Southern
Lines, Inc. (Trailways), South
ern Greyhound Lines and the
Illinois Central Railroad, Inc.
The Circuit Court asknowled.
ged the claim of the defendant
companies, that all racial signs
in and around their facilities
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

seeking vindication of civil
rights or civil liberties. This
amounted to 500 per cent, as
compared with 63.5 per cent dur
ing the previous six years.
Particularly significant, the
survey found. was that the ma
jor decisions on pressing ma
tional issues among the AZ cases
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

have been removed and tina
discriminatory laws are no long
er followed.
However, the Court notes
that segregation is the patterl
in Mississippi, and that it il
within this climate that the car
riers continued to maintain
their policies of racial discrim
ination" long after numerous
court rulings that such is uncon
stitutional.
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

as in the instance of present
employees of a firm, the fore
going standards shall govern
both admission to the pool and
selection for apprenticeship.
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12

(Patronixe Our Advertissrs)
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
High Court

All Major Cases Decided
Unanimously Or Nearly So
The survey covered AZ cases,
of which 81 were decided in
favor of the person or group
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
wirtz owes -.
Continued From Page One)

Continued From Page One)
partment on development, re-
view and promotion Of more
effective programs and policies
in both apprenticeship and
other occupations requiring high
skill levels.
4. Opening of apprenticeship
information centers in the Ma
tion's larger industrial and man.
ufacturing areas to inform and
counsel youth on apprenticeship
opportunities and to refer in
terested persons to employers
and joint labor-management ap-
premiership committees.
5. Appointment of four indus
trial training advisors by the
Bureau Of Apprenticeship and
Training as step toward insur-
ing that qualified Negroes and
other minorities know about ap-
premiership and of what open
ings there are in this field of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Prisoners Charge
County NeeIects
Comfort, Laundry

Prisoners at the Montgomery
County Jail have complained TO
the grand Jury that their
blankets are not laundered
enough and winter clothing Is
inadequate.
AS a result. the grand Jury
has asked County Manager
Mason A. Butcher 10 investi-
gate complaints brought to the
grand jury's attention by an
inmate after the jurors In
spected the Jail this week.
The grand jury report, pre-
sented TO circuit court yester-
day. asked Mr.. Butcher 10
determine also II some inmates
are receiving more bedclothlng
than others. The report con-
tanned complaints alleging that
blankets are Numbered only
once a year even though they
are passed from inmate 10
inmate.
The grand jury also con-
Sidered "a cases, heard so Wit
nesses and returned 20 indict-
ments.
The grand Jury, after hear
ing testimony from Col. James
S. McAullffe, head OF the police
force. said II was very pleased
that there was no organized
crime or serious narcotic
offenses in the county.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Judge Backs
Teucher on
Punishment

HAGERSTOwN. Nd, Mar. 6
(AP).-Use Of corporal punish
ment by a teacher at Hancock
High School has been upheld
by Magistrate william j. Dwy-
er.
The teacher. Ronald Busey,
Of Hagerstown, was charged
with assault. Magistrate Dryer
found Mr.. Busey not guilty.
A 15-year-old student, Ber-
nice Pryor of Hancock, charged
Mr.. Busey grabbed her by the
hair. then dropped her to the
floor. She said she had beer
told to stop talking in class
but had continued anyway.
Mr.. Busey testified he
grabbed the 10th graders haiI
and shook her. then let her fall
back into her seat. He said her
seat overturned and the girl
slipped to the floor.
The girl testified that her hip
and neck became sore because
Of the fall.
In clearing Mr.. Busey. Magis-
trate Dwyer said:
THE right of the teacher to
maintain discipline in the class
room is the same as the right
of a parent to maintain discip-
pine in the home.
The teacher-student rela-
tionship is as sacred a rela-
tionship as between the par
ent and child because the
teacher stands in the place of
the parent"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Cofe Suit Challenges
County Liquor Low

The Montgomery County sec
ton Of the State liquor law says
that class B licenses can be
granted only 10 restaurants
that we're in business IN 1892
and are located In the Potomac,
olney and Rockville election
districts. II also states as quail
fications a seating capacity Of
30 chairs and a capital invest
ment Of $4,000.
"The law Is discriminatory
because only three restaurants
Normandy Farms. the Olney
Inn and the Anglers Inn-have
class B licenses and because the
legislation was enacted for
them" Mr.. Goldburn said.
Constitutions violated"
This violates the Constitu-
tons Of the United States and
the State Of Maryland" he
added.
County restaurant owners for
years have attempted 10 get
legislation opening the way for
more class B licenses. But their
efforts have been successfully
blocked In Annapolis, primarily
by church groups.
Senator Guide has introduced
a bill calling for an end 10 bottle
clubs. a device the restaurants
have used 10 get around the
class B qualifications. Since the
law does not prevent the prae-
tlce, some restaurants have for
saken their beer and wine
licenses so customers can bring
their own liquor into the
restaurant.
Acting Montgomery County
Attorney Douglas H. Moore. jr.,
said his office will file a motion
to dismiss the suit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06

Mr.. Gleason said the COM
promise was IAN ill-concealed
victory for the slot-machine
interests and. a tragic defeat
for the people Of Maryland. 4"
During the added two-year
grace period, he said. "the slot
machine interests will make
sure that the machines are
never silenced in Southern
Maryland"
The Southern Maryland leg
islators are expected to use the
local issue" argument to rally
delegates from small counties
against the bill.
The strategy calls for amend
ments exempting three of the
four counties where slots are
legal from the general bill.
Usually such county exemp-
tons are a matter Of courtesy
but m this case, they could
nullify the bill. which is pegged
on the theory that slots are a
Statewide issue. At present,
the machines are legal only in
Anne Arundl. st. Marys,
Charles and Calvert Counties.
Legislators from the four
counties also agreed yesterday
that If this strategy doesn't
work. they viii attempt to hurt
the bills chances Of success by
seeking elimination Of the
multi-odds pinball machine as
well as slots.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Welfare Job
Still Open,
Duncan Says

District Commissioner John
B. Duncan said today that it
will be at least two or three
weeks before he is ready to
make a recommendation on a
new director for the District
Welfare Department.
Mr.. Duncan said reports that
Sterling Tucker. executive di-
rector Of the Urban League,
had been offered the job were
completely false"
Mr.. Tucker has not even SUBJ
mitted an application for the
post and "is not seeking it.
said Mr.. Duncan, who had
asked Mr.. Tucker to file an
application for the job.
The Commissioner said that
he has now received about rs
applications for the post which
has been vacant since Gerard
Shea recently stepped down to
become chief of city welfare
institutions.
The final decision on a new
welfare director will be made
by the Board of Commissioners
with the recommendation of
Mr.. Duncan, the Commissioner
responsible for welfare matters.
Mr.. Duncan said that he ex-
poets to receive more applica-
tons before any decision is
made.
Mr.. Tucker said that he does
not plan to apply for the well
fare director job.
MY feeling is that the job
should seek the person rather
than the other way around, !"
said Mr.. Tucker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Planners Elect
In Alexandra

Everett c. Weitzell was re-
elected chairman Of the Alex
andria Planning Commission
last night. He has been chair
man since 1858.
Col. Henry Brooks was named
vice chairman, filling a vacancy
created when the City Council
did not reappoint the former
e-chairman, Roy c. Bragg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Truman TO Speak

FORT MONROE. Va. Mar. 9
(AP).--Former President Harry
s. Truman has accepted an
invitation 10 speak here May IL
at the 32d annual convention
Of the Virginia Department of
the Reserve Officers Associa-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06

keep you here or send you to
court for grownupS.
"In your case, George, we
haven't finished the investiga-
ton. / want you to know what
the situation is today. Now
you will go back to the Receiv-
ing Home. Do you under
stand?"
George answered, again
softly, yes sir"
The boys mother burst into
uncontrolled weeping as the
Judge mentioned the death
penalty and reached for her
son as the marshal stepped
forward to lead him away.
LET me talk to him. Please
let me talk to him." she
pleaded.
However, parents are not
allowed to talk to their chill
dren in the confinement area
at Juvenile Court and George
was taken from the room.
Mother SObs
Then Robert was escorted
into the courtroom for ar
identical appearance before
Judge Miller. Standing with
him was his mother. The
woman was unable to CO.
herently identify herself. sc
severe was her sobbing.
Robert exhibited the same
detached composure shown by
George as he spoke his name
and told the Judge he was borr
on December 10. 1851.
When Robert was taken back
to the detention area, a matror
was called to assist his mother
from the room.
If Judge Miller decides
against waving the cases TX
adult court-and this has moi
been recommended by eithel
the police or the United States
attorney-the boys may have
either a jury trial or a tria
before the juvenile bench alone
Under the law, a case can b
waived to District Court II thu
boy is between 16 and 10 year
old and If a felony has beer
committed. In the case o
homicide. with which the twI
are charged, any boy Of an,
! age may be waived for adul
trial by Juvenile Court.
No minor is ever fount
guilty" in Juvenile Court bu
minors may be found to be Gin
volved." The court can decide
either on probation or on com.
mitment to the District juve'
nile institution in Laurel, Md,
or to the National Training
School. These commitment
require release when a chile
reaches the age of 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Jockey for Support

The slots forces feel they can
gain support Of legislators fom
Baltimore City and other coun-
ties where the pinball machines
are now in operation. II this
provision Is contained in the
final bill.
The jockeying for support on
the slot issue comes when the
General Assembly faces its
busiest day so far this session.
Other controversial bills are
scheduled to reach the floor Of
the House and Senate this aft
ernoon and In the first Of many
evening sessions.
These include Gov. Tawes'
public accommodations bill and
a plan to create a new con-
eressional district. In addition,
a public hearing viii be held
later today on the future of
Assateague Island. which citi-
zens groups feel should be de-
veloped as a State park.
AUTO INSPECTION: A Joint
House Senate subcommittee
voted 4-3 yesterday TO back leg
islation requiring yearly auto
inspection at private garages
under State Police supervision.
The original bill. which begged
down In controversy and pre-
cipitated q rash OF counter
proposals. would have required
inspection In state-owned ga
RACES.
DETERGENTS: bill TO out
law the sale OF detergents In
Maryland ran into stiff opposi-
ton In the House Judiciary
Committee hearing yesterday.
Bill sponsors claim II would
help keep the States wells and
streams free from pollution.
Opponents OF the bill said It
would not solve the pollution
problem. Committee vote Is ex-
pected tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Chimney Honored

RICHMOND Mar. 6 (AP) -
Richard D. Chimney of Amelia
County, who became Virginia's
agriculture commissioner, has
been named 1868 winner Of the
national All Club alumni rec
ignition award.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06

"the rug was pulled out from
under the anti-slot movement"
with the acceptance Of the COM
promise legislation by David
Hume. Mr.. Hume a Democrat,
is credited with getting Gov.
Tawes to back anti-slot legis-
lation on a Statewide basis.
Mr.. Gleason has been a mem
Der Of the Committee for the
Adjustment Of Slot Machines
for about one month. In q
letter to committee chairman
Frank d. Wilde Of Annapolis,
he called the acceptance Of the
compromise legislation "a po-
litical deal"
Foes Mobilize
The dissension in the ranks
Of the slot foes came as legis-
lators from the four Southern
Maryland counties where the
machines are legal drafted
strategy to defeat the Cover
nor's anti-slot bill on the floor
Of the House this afternoon.
The bill, as it finally emerged
from committee, would give the
four counties five years to
eliminate the machines grad
ually. The original bill pro-
vided q two-year period.
Mr.. Hume has been quoted
as saying the compromise was
probably necessary to get the
bill through the House. OPP
ponents of the measure are
expected today TO argue that
the one-armed bandits art a
local issue and that the coun-
ties involved should be al
lowed TO exempt themselves
from the bill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06

parJmenJS Receiving f1OIlle III
stead Of placing them in Gus
tody of their parents. He said
he expected a probation office
investigation report on the boys
in about a week.
A decision on whether they
will be tried for the Staying in
District Court or in Juvenile
Court will be made after the
report is received. and after
hearing recommendations of
the other two Juvenile Court
judges.
The boys, standing before
Judge Miller's bench. demon
strated calm mixed with curl
osity as the jurist slowly and
with gentleness explained the
nature of the hearing to them,
one at a time, in nearly identi-
cal words.
Ordered Held by Jury
The boys, who will be called
George and Robert here al
though those are not their
names. were ordered held for
Juvenile Court action yester-
day by a coroner's jury in the
Staying of Theodore S. Nickens,
81, last Friday night. Detec-
tive John w. Cannon Of the
Homicide Squad testified the
boys stole the pistol Of Georges
father, also a guard with Mr.
Nickens at 400 Pennsylvania
avenue NV, and that George
shot the victim to get a CUR
for Robert,
Today's hearing was a pro-
cedure to determine where the
boys viii be held pending q
decision on whether they viii
be tried as adults or children
Holmes
George, larger Of the twt
fifth-grade boys from North
east Washington, was led II
first by a Deputy Marshal ant
stood beside his mother ant
father and the grandmothe
with whom he lived in Brook
land. His parents are estrangeo
A clerk asked George to Civ
his name and birthday. Georg
said his name so softly he ha
TO be asked to repeat it an
said he was born on Decembe
Is, 1851. He stood passively i
maroon shirt and khaki trous
ers, but his mother sobbeI
quietly as she stood beside hin
before Judge Miller
Told to Say Nothing
Judge Miller said:
George, your attorney. MI
IONeill illegal Aid Bureau At
torney Edward O'NeilD is no
here. But if he were here, h
would tell you not to say any
thing now.
II am going to give you tn
same advice"
The judge told George h
was in a law court and .ex
planned that it works under tn
laws passed by Congress. H
continued:
There's a sentence which
says that when a juvenile
that's you, George, does some
thing that, If done by a grown
up would be punishable b
either death or life imprison
ment. Juvenile Court makes
study to determine whether +
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06

MIR. HAMILTON GIVES
each child IS on birthdays,
during the tour. and they
have learned to save 1t until
they get home TO Seoul where
the rate Of exchange is one
American dollar to 1870
Korean dollars.
He called TO the young
est member of the choir, a
tiny boy with piercing eyes,
who got off his chair with
some difficulty and came
over smiling. his red bow tie
bobbing a bit.
This Is Woo chul Chang"
said Mr.. Hamilton. what Is
your favorite food, Wool"
he said.
"Shlck'n," said Woo.
Woo left. IL turns out he
has become the choir's great
attraction. He sings second
alto. Women want TO steal
him away from the choir.
Two years ago." said Mr..
Hamilton" Woo Chang was
begging In the streets Of
Seoul. They found him hud-
died In a doorway. He had
pneumonia and absolutely no
recollection Of his parents. "
The choir sings tomorrow
night In Constitution Hall.
The seats are free.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-06
Slot Machine Enemies
Split Over Compromise
BY WILLIAM DUKE
S.ar staff Writer

ANNAPOLIS Mar. 6.-The major anti-sot machine force
In Maryland its Montgomery County representative today
protest compromise legislation to give slot to
TO get out of business
James p Gleason, Of Silver Spring. who for the Re-
publican nomination for United States Senate last spring.