davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

Commerce, issued a statement
calling on all citizens to do
nothing which would destroy"
the peace.
He said the task of his group
was neither pleasant nor easy"
but was undertaken to avoid a
dangerous and imminent explo-
SION" He said the white nego-
tiators represented 80 per cent
of the working force of Birm-
ingham, both white and Negro.
Segregationist Police Com
missioner Eugene Bulb Con-
nor, whose use of police dogs
and fire hoses on demonstrat-
ing Negroes drew worldwide
attention to Birmingham. de-
clared that the Negroes didn't
win a thing"
Predicts Shutdown
He predicted that lunch count
ers opened to Negroes would
soon be shut down because
whites wouldn't patronize them.
He called Mr.. Kings announce
ment a "face-saving statement
because he knew he was licked
we had the force to stop
them"
Segregationist Arthur j..
Hanes, one of the city's two
mayors, called the agreement a
surrender by weakened mer-
chants and said it means
nothing"
The other mayor, Albert
Boutwell,, who was elected last
month but hasn't been able TO
take over because of a court
fight by the Connor- Hanes
forces, was taking a cautious
approach. He repeated an ear
lier statement that he had made
no commitments to the nego-
tiators, but he said he would
use his office to promote peace
and pood will"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

lat the NATO ministerial meet
ing in Ottawa May %.
7. The dispute over fishing
rights in the Great Lakes,
which led to rifle fire on a
Canadian vessel in Cleveland
two days ago. Mr.. Pearson said
Secretary of Labor Writ and
AFL-CIO President George
Meany would meet their OPP
posite numbers, Minister of
Labor Allen MacEachen an d
Canadian Labor Conference
President Claude Jodoin, to
mediate the dispute.
Pearson Lauds Kennedy
President Kennedy adde d
that last nights session would
be devoted to a general review
of East-West relations, wit h
specific attention to Laos. On
today's agenda, he said, are
! problems in Latin America and
Canadian American differences
over fishing, oil, lumber and the
Columbia River treaty.
If Mr.. Pearson upstaged the
President a little in the eX-
change of pleasantrieS. he was
generous in praising the CHIEF
Executive to reporters.
Chatting informally with
newsmen before Mr.. Kennedy
arrived at his brothers houst
for the reception, Mr.. Pearson
described him as "a very gooC
, man to talk to very in
cisive. The President has al
amazing grasp Of the detail
: as we'll as the issues" he said
5 The talks, he added, we're Ever,
informal but every serious"
The Prime Minister proved
: his own awareness of seem
ingly far-removed subjects b!
/ his detailed discussion of tn,
: current baseball season.
Shows Sports knowledge
He said he thought it IRE
markable" that the Boston Rec
Sox were leading the American
League.
When a New York reporter
asked him about the Nets, Mr.
) Pearson said he followed theil
. improving fortunes with inter
= est because "one of their beS
pitchers - Ken Mackenzie
comes from Gore Bay OF
!, Manitoulin Island in my con-
! stituency. I knew him wher
he was a little boy. He won {
, scholarship to Yale. He's also
: very good hockey player. He!
won two games for them"
CThe Prime Minister'S intel
: ligence system broke down or
that, for Mr.. Mackenzie wor
his third victory, in relief, or
Thursday
Someone asked if he WERE
Nets fan.
Not particularly" he replied
But / was in the opposition
: so long myself I developed
, certain sympathy for the un'
, derdog."
He paused, then added: Nov
of course, I'm for the Yankees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
Continued From Page Al

ly seen fit to stay indoors. No
one, white or black, wants to
run afoul of Haiti's modern
"bogeymen."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
RACIAL
RACIAL
Negro Leaders Hail
Birmingham Accord
Continued From Page Al

OOnJInucu FEuHh age M
test, Mr.. King called 1t the
climax land not the end" Of
the struggle.
For though we have come
a long way" there is still
strenuous path before us, and
some of it is yet uncharted."
he said.
He said he will remain in
Birmingham perhaps two mere
weeks to help plan implementa-
ton of the agreement.
He said Negroes would not
begin testing the agreement
until both the Negro and white
communities have had time to
get used to it.
The Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth.
another of the three ministers
who led the movement. warned
that demonstrations would be
renewed If the white citizens
do not hold up their end of
the bargain.
Becomes Ill
Mr.. Shuttlesworth, who was
injured when knocked down
by a fire hose during the dem
onstrations, became i'll during
the press conference and was
returned to a hospital.
Mr.. King credited Burke
Marshall. Assistant United
States Attorney General, with
bringing the Negro and white
leaders together for negotia-
tons. But he criticized Presi-
dent Kennedy for not doing
more to end segregation.
I'VE feel there is still more
that can be done by the Pres
ident in graphing with the root
of the problem" Mr.. King said.
THE time has come for the
President to sign an executive
order declaring segregation
illegal"
He also said the Justice De-
partment should protect the
Negroes from arrest for seeking
their constitutional rights.
IF the President had played
the role he should have since
he has been in office, it would
not have been necessary for
Marshall to come to Birming-
ham," said the Rev. Ralph D.
Abenathy, one of the demon
stration leaders.
Registration Drive
Mr.. Abernathy announced
that those who participated in
the demonstrations now will
begin a massive drive to get
Negroes to register to vote. He
said they hoped to double the
Negro registration within a few
months.
on behalf of the white nego-
tiators, Sidney Smyer, former
president of the Chamber of
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
Russian IrrationuIity Risks

munity which might have been most sym
pathetic to any Khrushchev moves to
ease tensions. And while the professor
has been freed after being held incom-
municado for two weeks, that chill
will remain a while.
This element of irrationality has roots
longer and deeper than communism.
Advance and retreat, push to the point
of resistance and then pull back - this
was the way Of ancient MuScovy: as
such it was sensible enough for incipient
lmperalistS. But what got mixed into it
over the centuries was a kind Of nation
al paranola on the part of RusSia'S rul-
erS, a sense Of isolation, Illustration, in
feriority, suspicion and xenophobia.
Lenin'S theory of zig and gag to keep
the enemy off base was to some extent
just an adaptation of the old tactic of adj
vance and retreat. The fact that it now
comes dressed in Communist clothes,
however, could hardly emove the psy-
chopathic tendencies so long a part of
Russian internal and external policy. If
anything, the irrationality of commun-
ism as an theology could only compound
them.
This, at any rate, is what the West
has to contend with - not merely mill
tant communism but behavioral charac-
teriSticS that can have unpredictable and
dangerous consequences.
1t is no answer to say we should
have nothing at all to do with the So
vietS, any more than it is an answer to
heap loving kindness on them. But such
considerations should at least reinforce
caution.
Many have put great store on these
cultural exchanges, for one thing. In
fact, not all Of them combined can by
themselves alter Soviet ambitions or deep
rooted Russian attitudes. In the larger
contexts of policy, a test-ban treaty
cannot bring summer if the political ba-
rometer still says winter. Even if
KhruShchev actually wants closer e
with the U. S. for his own nations pro-
lection, what has to be kept in mind
for our own protection is that it is
bound to be a. slow and hating process.
And if current and past history is any
guide, the West will best contend with
the Soviets by remaining prepared for
all the risks and dangers that spring
from that most unhappy combination:
False theology, modern weapons n d
political irrationality.
The chronicle., 1963-12-09

peace" meeting in Warsaw last
week by refusing to take part in a
tribute to the late President.
A French delegate had pro-
posed that representatives of the
90 nations attending stand in a
minute of silent tribute to Mr.. Ken
nedy. Then a Chinese delegate
named Tang Ming Chao rushed to
the platform and charged it was
improper" that the 400 delegates
should honor the leader of a Gov
eminent (which is pursuing a poll
cy of Intervention, war and ag-
erosion all over the world" That
broke up the session.
Such action and attitude can be
only charitably described as churl-
ish, loutish and the height of boor-
ishness. 1t is doubtful that even
Mao TSe-tung, the master Of China
and reputedly a great scholar, can
60 along with this.
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
Height OF B~oorishness

Communist China never had a
kind word for the late President
Kennedy and even in death there
is no relaxation of this spirit of
hate.
Moscow and the Soviet bloc Of
fered praise and condolences but
the Chinese evidenced scorn and
ridicule in a manner amazing to a
civilized world to such an extent
it is difficult to determine which
of two actions is worse.
This came about: Two days af-
ter the Presidents assassination,
Picking published a cartoon Of him
captioned Kennedy Bites the
Dust and denounced both Mr..
Kennedy and President Johnson in
broadcasts.
AS if that were not nastiness
enough, Red China broke up a
Communist : sponsored world
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
Willidm S. White
COP Possibilities

WASHINGTON. - Meanwhile,
back at the compound of { h e
old G. 0. P. elephant.
The Republicans have now
entered a prolonged period -
one likely to last in reality if not
in form until after New Years
Day - of reflection and re-ex-
animation Of their 1864 Presi-
dental approach and possibili-
ties.
The tragic death Of John F.
Kennedy and the succession to
the Presidency of Lyndon B.
Johnson have dictated a time
of pause in partisan political
activity of a depth rarely seen
before in American history.
It is, actually, a pause with
in both parties and even within
the factions Of both parties, but
in the nature Of things this long
armiStice is a more thought
filled armistice among the Re
publicans.
All the principal G. 0. P. fig
ures and notably all the pres
ent and potential candidates for
The chronicle., 1963-12-09

in the last two years? The an
swer doesn't seem likely to be
found by looking for a Republi-
can presidential nominee W h 0
has a colorful personality and
makes a good impression on
televiSion.
Maybe the coming campaign
will be a striking exception to
the superficial rules Of Ameri-
can politics. Maybe the Repub-
lican Convention will pick the
man who can best express the
true sentiment of his party and
of the many voters who in re-
cent years have been crossing
party lines because they care
more about fundamental prin-
ciples than they do about slo-
ganS or the glamor of political
personalities.
The chronicle., 1963-12-09

the 1864 Republican Presidential
nomination - have entered this
phase of hush and waiting with
two motives. 1t is the right and
tasteful thing to do; and at this
juncture it is the necessary
thing to do.
AS a collective entity, the Re-
publican party now needs TO
reconsider its whole basic cam
paign strategy for next year,
quite apart from what is mo-
mentarily the secondary prob
lem Of the identity of its ulti-
mate candidate against Presi-
dent Johnson.
Had Mr.. Kennedy lived, the
Republican strategy would have
been, within limits, fairly well
settled right now. While there
was little prospect in any event
Of any all-party attack on him
on personal grounds, nearly
three years Of his occupancy
of the White Houe had in them
selves established the general
lines Of the Republican CAM
paign.
1t was to be an attack on his
foreign policy record and nota-
bly, on what the Republicans
saw as the shaky state of the
Western alliance ~ this point
exemplified in the recent sharp
but not personally harsh obser-
vations Of Gov. Nelson Rookie
Teller of New York. 1t was to
an attack on Mr.. Kennedy's
spending and taxing poll
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
Ddvid Lawrence
Sad Commentary On Politics

this had much to do with per-
sonalities, but did have a good
deal to do with basic issues.
One thing seems certain. 1t
the polls in 1864 the opposition
sentiment of many citizens will
be recorded on several policies
identified with the incumbent
administration in the last IS
months. The new president will
have to champion or oppose
these policies in detail in the
interval between now and the
November 1864 election.
1t all boils down to one point
issues are more important
than personalities. The Republi-
can party is being told it must
read just itself to a new politi-
cal situation. But if that means
the party will ignore the basic
trends in governmental policies
which have produced substan-
tial opposition in all sections Of
the country, then the Republi-
cans and conservative Demo-
Gratis might as well throw in
the sponge. Their restraining in
fluence = often the true value
of an opposition = would diSap-
pear.
The American people are deep
ly interested in fiscal soundneSs.
The citizen wants to know whe-
Their his dollar will lose pur-
chasing power. He is afraid
of initiation. He was to be con-
vinced that $1OO-billion budgets
and continuing deficits are just
statistical phenomena and cam
not possibly hurt him.
Civil rights" is a phrase
with emotional overtones. Ev-
erybody is in favor Of promot-
ing people or hiring them in
preference to others just on the
basis of race. Discrimination
has been found in both direc-
tons in recent months. This is
a growing issue in many plants
and factories and stores.
What Republican can forth
rightly state the opposition case
and point to constructive alter
natives? Who can really mobi-
lie the opposition sentiment
which has not been insignificant
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
From The Wall Street JournaD

From The Wall Street JournaD
The wintry new blasts from the Krem-
lin are chilling many who had begun
to warm themselves in the testban's
Esprit Of Moscow Yet these alternat-
Ing airs = and no one in the West
should forget it - form a pattern
which has persisted throughout the cold
war and indeed long before it.
It's not that most observers thought
the Russian Communists had basically
changed in the past few months; today's
students Of the Soviet are c%uStomarily
more sophisticated than that. R a h r,
they thought K%hrushchev might be seek
ing accommodations with the U. S. for
the Soundest of reasons, namely pure
Soviet self-interest in the face of trouble
with Red China and a host Of domestic
difficulties.
What we are getting at the moment,
though, are a fresh spate of haraSS-
ments on the Berlin Autobahn, belliger-
ent KhruShchev talk on Cuba and anti
missile missiles, and the arrest of a
distinguished American professor on spy
charges. His release only adds to the
confusion. And as usual, speculative ex-
plantations abound.
All these manifestations, for example,
can be attributed to a feeling on the
part Of Khrushchev that he must show
his own militarists and the Chinese that
he can still be tough, especially after
the seeming thaw. Or to a general at
tempt to keep the West off base.
In the particular case of Professor
Barghoorn, some saw it as a childish
retaliation for the recent U. S. arrest
of Soviet spies; others as an effort to
sabotage the cultural-eXchange talks that
were about to begin. In the case of Ber-
lin, some say the Russians never meant
to ease the pressure.
However much validity there may be
in any or all Of these explanations, we
suspect that Soviet moves on the inter-
national chessboard are not always as
we'll calculated as they seem. A certain
irrationality, from the point Of view
of their own interests, has long pervad-
ed Soviet policy.
1t was an excess Of Soviet beIliger-
ence that Jared the West into forming
NATO nearly Is years ago. 1t was the
Soyiet-sponsored invasion Of South Ko-
rea that gave tremendous impetus o
that rearmament effort. These develop
me.lts scarcely served the Soviet inter-
est.
So today. the brutal arrest Of Mr..
Barghoorn has shocked the world, and
especially the Vests intellectual COM
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
No Cog Rule Yet

resentatives of countries which do
not have such constitutional pro-
tections, the struggle to establish
the freedom of speech, which is
the foundation Of all free political
systems, was a long and bloody
one and, having won that long,
painful struggle for the freedom
to speak and to print 49,. we in the
United States have no intention of
giving it up, or whiting it down,
even for such a good cause as this
one"
Immediately Russia poked ridi-
cule at this idea and said such
dedication to free speech was be-
ing used to cover up activities Of
raciSt organizations.
But Mr.. Stevenson deserves a
pat on the back of well and nobly
said, sir" 1t warns the cookies of
the heart to have someone sudden
ly remember that there still is a
Constitution of the United States,
or what is left of one. There is no
gag rule yet and thank heavens we
still can think out loud. So long as
it is possible to talk out and print
ideas and thoughts there is hope,
even. slim as it might be.
The chronicle., 1963-12-09

The United Nations approved
by reclamation the other day a
declaration calling for the end of
all racial discrimination which it
termed san offense to human dig
nifty" that must be wiped out all
over the world.
It wasn't a whole-hog action,
however, because of a couple of
little incidents, one Of which was
most significant.
South Africa Of course, object
ed and of all things, III represen-
t%ative, Adlai Stevenson, for once
at least, put in some U. S. reser-
vations,
This came Ove a paragraph of
the declaration which asked mem
Der nations to take immediate
measures to outlaw organizations
which promote or incite to racial
discrimination"
Mr.. Stevenson reminded the
gathering that the promotion of
ideas, including advocating racial
discrimination, is protected in the
Y. s. as part of the basic freedom
of speech. Said he:
For the benefit Of those rep
The chronicle., 1963-12-09
Sylvid Porter =.
Education And Earnings

If you're planning to be a car
penter, you can count on earn
ing an average of $2O9, 900 dur
ing your working lifetime if you
have a high school diploma but
only $178,O 900 if you drop u
after grade school = a differ
entail Of $31, 900.
If you expect to be a plumber,
you can count on average life
time earnings Of $252, 900 if you
graduate from high school but
only $222,OO0 if you quit after
elementary school - a differen-
tial of $50, 900.
Among truck drivers, too, the
differential in average lifetime
earnings for those with and with
out a high school education is
marked = $212, 900 against $780,
600. The gap becomes even more
dramatic among plaSterers,
mine workers, policemen, rang
es up to $42, 900 over the work.
ing age years Of 10 to Ga.
What good is a high school
diploma to an American who is
not going on to college and
who is heading for an occupa-
ton where the emphasis is on
aptitude and know-how, not on
formal education?
The blunt answer is that en-
ployerS in virtually all trades
today prefer high school grad
yates and are willing to pay
for them - and this is what DR..
Herman P. Miller, Special AS
SiStant to the Director of tn
U. S. Census Bureau, will say
in the Bureaus Occupational
Outlook Quarterly to be publish
ed this Friday.
That a college-educated man
makes $17O, 900 more during his
working lifetime than a high
school graduate is an impress
Sive fact but it's not surprising.
What IS vitality important
news is the mounting dollars
and-cents value Of education to
workers in just abut every
trade - ranging from bus driv-
ing to hair cutting, from fire
fighting to pipefitting.
Take a carpenter, for ex-
ample" says Miller. with a
high school diploma, he has a
better chance to get a regular
job with a big and diversified
construction firm. Then, rain or
shine, he works every day. In
like the less educated-and Of
ten also less trained = carpent-
er, he may be the last to be
laid off in slack times.
"Or take the busdriver. With
a high school diploma, he may
be considered for a job by a
nationwide carrier = without it,
he may need a little luck to
turn the wheels for any firm,
often at lower pay"
The chronicle., 1963-12-09

Miller's up-to-date findings on
the money value of education,
based on the 1860 Census, ara
Of extraordinary importance be-
cause, as he says, "There are
still many in our society who
have had little exposure to eGu-
cation, diSadvantaged people
who cannot see how education
can help them or their chill
dren."
Yet, the fact is that In the
trades, high school graduates
are preferred for apprentice
training and this, in itself, in
creaseS the financial benefits OF
the diploma. The fact is that in
tensive, thorough training for
skilled occupations easily can be
worth more in the long run
than picking up the SklllS on the
job.
High school : educated crafts
men and foreman can expect
to earn an average 5000 more
in a lifetime than those without
the diploma.
OF course, a college degree
is a must for most of the pro-
LESSONS and even for the few
professions which do not de-
mand a college degree, the dol
larS-and-centS advantage for the
professional man with the de-
gree is enormous, can 60 up
to 100, 900 over a lifetime.
Here are the average lifetime
earnings for men between ages
Is and 81 by years Of school
completed.
frS. Oh ScnOOl Lie earnings
Less than 8 years ......$143 600
o yrs. -$lo4,U OO
1-S yrs. high sch. SIP, 600
4 yrs. high sch. ...$247 900
1-3 yrs. college 1928 600
4 or more yrs. coll. 80. .$417 900
The chronicle., 1963-12-09

cies = this point exemplified
by the whole general position Of
the Republican party in Con-
gress. And so on.
Now, however, confronting not
John Fitzgerald Kennedy but
rather Lyndon Baines johnson
in 1864, the G. o. p. must tear
up the old blueprint, if only
for the simple reason that Mr..
Johnson has only barely begun
to make his own Presidential
record. Any prior notions of a
Republican campaign tactic bas-
ed on the presumably hostile at
titude Of business to President
Kennedy, for one illustration,
could not possibly be retained,
for the time being at any rate,
in light of a stock markets
spectacular rise since President
JohnSon'S accession.
In short, much time will be
needed before any new and gen.
eral Republican blueprint c a
be brought forward to replace
the old.
The position on candidates is
equally confused and tentative.
There are wide early asSump-
tons that Sen. Barry Goldwa-
ter's candidacy for the COP
nomination has b injured.
They are based on the notion
that Mr.. johnson will be more
acceptable than Mr.. Kennedy
would have been in those South
ern and Western areas where
the Senator is thought to have
his chief strength.
There have also been wide
early assumptions that Cover
nor Rockefeller's hopes have
been improved - as well they
may have been. To this OBJ
server - and to a good many
others - neither Of the fore
going assumptions can be at all
firm at this point, or even two
or three months from now. For
one point, MIR. johnson has
no intention whatever to draw
back from the Kennedy civil
rights program, and inasmuch
as this program was hurting the
late President in the South and
West, it can surely do the new
President no good there, though
strictly as a person he may
be more popular tnere.
What looks more interesting
now is not the precise degree
of help or harm to either Gold
water or Rockefeller. It Is the
clearly promoted possibility, in
the new national situation, that
the Republicans may now b
Spurred toward a decision many
had in fact already been con-
templating: the final selection
Of some such third choice az
Richard Nixon or Gov. william
Scranton Of Pennsylvania.