davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
DRUGS
Continued From Page Al

try to prove the effectiveness
of its products"
The FDA first permitted an
antibiotic to be combined with
other drugs for use against
colds in 1852. The agency's
only basis for the decision I'M
der the law then in effect. was
whether the products would be
safe or not.
But with the legislation pro-
vided in the wake of the disas-
trous effects of thalidomide in
Europe, the FDA has powers to
require that drug manufac-
turers prove the usefulness. as
we'll as safety, Of their products,
On July %, the FDA hit over
the-counter manufacturers of
cold products with antibiotics
in them. FDA gave the prod
ucts' makes until September 6
to get these products off the
market or prove they are Of
value.
Yesterdays action against
prescription products came
after a seven-man panel. head
ed by DR.. Harry Bowling Of the
University Of Illinois School OF
Medicine. concluded:
/. There is no acceptable
evidence that any antimicrobial
agent (such an antibiotics) is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
BY MARY McGRORY
star staff Writer

After Is sessions in the wit
ness chair at the Tx hearings,
Air Force Secretary Eugene M.
Zuckert manages to give the
impression he is not mad at
Eanybody.
This is a considerable feat,
since the hearings, now in their
seventh month, have generated
a vast amount of ill-will and
the atmosphere in the closed
door inquiry is, according to
one weary member, like that
Of a county courthouse, with
the committee counsel acting
as the prosecutor"
The Senate's Permanent Sub
committee on Investigations.
after 5000 pages of transcript,
GA witnesses and 80 exhibits
seems no nearer than 1t was
last February to understanding
why the civilian chiefs in the
-Pentagon awarded the SIS bill
lion contract to the General
Dynamics Corp. when Boeing
Aircraft offered to make a
fancier plane for less money.
Mr.. Zuckert, bald, brown
eyed, cheerful, keeps trying to
explain 1t was a matter of
Judgment. So far, he has not
given any ground or lost his
temper or his head.
The other decision making
civilian chiefs have not Jared
so we'll. Secretary Of Defense
Mcnamara, testifying on a side
issue, became overweight at
the impugning Of his honor.
| Deputy Secretary of Defense
Roswell Gilpatric got into a
bitter wrangle with Senator
Jackson, Democrat of Wash
ington, the State where Boeing
lives.
Navy Secretary Fred Korth,
after a couple of inSinuations
from Senator Mundt, Republic
can of South Dakota, leaned
back in his chair and said he
would not take any more.
He Expected Hearings
Mr.. Zuckert is manifeStly
better off because he expected
the hearings all along. He was
once Assistant Secretary of the
Air Force and a member of
the Atomic Energy Commits
sion. ...
When he made the decision
for General Dynamics in No.
vember, 1862, he wrote him.
self a long memorandum on
the reasons. He anticipated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

trouble because Of the size
of the contract, the deep feel
ings of the military and the
keen competition for the bid.
The military was outraged
at being over-ruled by civilian
secretaries in its procurement
processes. No one in the Pen
tagon could help knowing that
Congress, smarting from his
displays Of ill-concealed in
telligence, has been for some
time on the lookout for an
opportunity to show that
Defense Secretary Mcnamara
can make mistakes.
When he received the fourth
evaluation report in which
both planes were described as
acceptable, Mr.. zuckert re-
marked loosely to the brass,
Il think you fellows made it
come out even so the civilians
would have to decide"
So he and Mr.. Mcnamara,
Mr.. Gilpatric and Mr.. Korth
decided for General Dynamics,
and the Pentagon has been
under seige ever since.
Swimming Through MOlasseS"
Mr.. Zuckert from the begin
ming has shown himself to be
a seasoned witness. He has
told his associates that testify
ing before the committee is
like swimming through mo-
laSses," but he operates on a
simple rule of never letting
anything go by and has shown
a lot Of spirit.
When Senator Javits, Re-
publican of New York, reproved
Senator Jackson for interrupt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
Shoot a MOckup Capsule

About the end Of September,
the first actual "off-the-pad
abort" will be attempted. This
will involve firing the escape
rocket, which by itself delivers
for a brief period about three
times as much thrust as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

Astronaut Alan B. Shepard's
Redstone impaired on the first
American sub-orbital space
flight.
Then, early next year, a Lit
tie Joe will boost a mockup
space capsule into a situation
Of high dynamic pressure and
then abort" the mission by
firing the escape rocket. This
will test both the abort rock
cts reliability and the cap
sule's stability in flight.
The two subsequent flights,
one late in 1864 and one early
in 1865. will repeat the pad
and high altitude abort mis-
sions, but will use actual flight
spacecraft rather than mock
ups.
Seven Little Joes have been
ordered. in case some tests
must be repeated. They are
being built by General Dynam-
ics-Convair of San Diego. a
different branch of CD from
the concern that builds Atlas
rockets and the one that won
the controversial Tx" war;
plane contract.
Although Little Joes are not
designed primarily for high
altitude work, there is a pos
sibility that a specially adapted
one may be used to test the
moon landing bug"
This two-man craft, which
will carry astronauts from the
main spacecraft in orbit 100
miles up down to the surface
of the moon, will gets its first
test sometime in 1865.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
PRIME Tx TARGET
Zuckert Remains Unruff|ed

ing Mr., zuckert, Senator Jack
son asked the Secretary If he
felt interrupted and harrassed.
Replied Mr.. Zuckert: "You
and I have known each other
for a long time and I have
appeared before you before
and whether you interrupted
me on that last question I don't
know. 1 think that you did"
1t was a model reply, COM
bining a reminder of old &C
quaintance with a reluctant
reproach.
Words of One Syllable
When Senators take off into
the wild blue yonder with
learned chat of thrust revers-
ers and top air ducts, Mr..
zuckert brings them back to
earth with words Of one syl-
liable. 1.-THE difference between
building a coffee-pot and a
watch" he said on one fine
technical point.
When a dissident Air Force
colonel got mired hopelessly in
his own federalese, Mr.. Zuck-
ert said hearteningly, What
you meant is, Nothing is per-
feet"
When Senator Mundt sug-
gested a conflict of interest
for Mr.. Zuckert because he
comes from New York, where
Grammar Aircraft, the major
General Dynamics subcontrac-
tor for the Tx is located, the
Air Force Secretary said, THAT
is the most far-fetched thing
ever heard Of"
Mr., Zuckert is so impersonal
about the nonstop hearings
that he has been heard to
praise 1.-The thoroughness and
pertinacity" Of the subcom-
mittee staff.
The Pentagon still does not
know where the hearings are
going or where they will end.
It's bucked up, however, at
having an old hand, who has
read all the documents, giving
its side of the story.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
Montreal Fair Aided

MONTREAL, Aug. II (AP) =.
Prime Minister Lester B.
Pearson has announced the
government will contribute $50
million to the 1867 Montreal
Worlds Fair to build a Cana
dian exhibit and a wall to pro-
tect the fair grounds on it's
island site in the st. Lawrence
River.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

If a super booster called Sa-
turn-IB is ready in time, the
bug will be shot into q 100-mile
circular orbit from Cape Ca
naveral.
If not, a beefed-up Little Joe
II will launch it in a SUBJ orbital
trajectory from the NASA pad
here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
Abandonment
Of Tx Hinted
By Mcclellan
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
A suggestion that top defense
civilian officials may be forced
to abandon development of the
controversial and costly Tx
warplane came yesterday from
Senator Mcclellan, Democrat
Of Arkansas.
Senator Mcclellan, directing
the lengthy special Senate
probe of the planned multi
billion contract award, made
this comment Friday in a series
Of sharp exchanges with Air
Force Secretary Eugene zuck-
ert.
"You may have to abandon
the whole plane, ultimately"
Senator Mcclellan, chairman of
the Senate Investigations Sub
committee, said in censored
testimony made public yester-
day.
Mr.. zuckert, for eight days,
has been defending the decis-
ion of Secretary of Defense Nc
Namara and other top Penta-
gon Navy anc Air Force officials
in awarding the contract to
the General Dynamics Corp. OF
Fort Worth, Tex.
Chairman Mcclellan, with
strong support from Senator
Mundt, Republican Of South
Dakota, has been pointing out
advantages Of the rival design
for TFX-which means tacti-
cal fighter experimental - by
the Boeing Corp. of Seattle.
BOeing Lost Contract
Boeing lost the contract, al
though its offer for develop
ment and production was lower
in cost and military panels had
recommended it get the con-
tract.
Senator Mcclellan and Sena-
tor Mundt have peppered Mr..
Zuckert with questions about
thrust reversers, a braking de-
vice for aircraft. They were
included in the Boeing pro-
posalS but not originally in
General Dynamics'.
Mr.. zuckert and supporting
Air Force witnesses testified
these novel devices might not
be adaptable to the supersonic
Tx. Sen. Mcclellan and Sem
ator Mundt commended Boeing
had proved their use on COM
mercial jets.
II think the whole concept
of the plane, from beginning
to end, might have so many
uncertainties about 1t that you
might have to abandon the
whole subject" Senaor McClel-
Ian told Mr.. zuckert.
mo, STR" Mr.. Zuckert re-
piled, because we believe this
is within the state Of the art,
although we realize it is a diff
ficult development program"
The Air Force Secretary said
the first major problem 'is to-
get this plane. with a variable
sweep wing, flying"
I'VE don't want to accumu-
late the development prob
lems," he added.
Drag Parachute Proposed
A variable sweep wing can
be folded back for supersonic
speeds or extended for slow
maneuvers.
Chairman Mcclellan asked
Secretary zuckert II he agreed
with Gen. Walter C. Sweeney,
jr., chief OF the Tactical Air
Command, that the concept Of
using a drag parachute to slow
down a landing plane lis OBJ
solete."
II don't agree with him
-" Mr.. zuckert said.
Senator Mundt took over at
this point to suggest that Cen
eral Sweeney lis a little better
qualified witness in what is
the best way to stop a plane"
Senator Mundt suggested that
Secretary zuckert figure out
some good reasons why you
think he was wrong and you
are right about this obsolete
characteristic Of q drag para
chute /"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18

turn-IB is ready in time, the
bug will be shot into q 100-mile
circular orbit from Cape Ca
naveral.
If not, a beefed-up Little Joe
II will launch 1t in a sub orbital
trajectory from the NASA pad
here.
Plenty Of Thrust
At maximum performance. a
Little Joe can develop 1000
pounds of thrust for "a seconds
and 100000 pounds for an
added half minute. This is
plenty to get a lunar bug to
the edge of space.
White Sands can easily
handle such a shot. From its
launching areas at the south
of the reservation there is a
completely unobstructed stretch
of about 100 miles north with
an average width of about 40
miles east and west.
Space experts say that while
the range is short by Cana
veral standards 10000 miles
downrange), White Sands is
the best Instrumental launch
ing area in the Free World.
Mountain tops on both sides
of the range are studded with
radars and cameras.
White Sands has some adj
vantages that Canaveral lacks
though it also lacks many
that Canaveral enjoys.
White Sands is one-up where
weather is concerned. Its desert
climate offers many more
shooting days a year than
at the Florida base. and the
drier air here cuts down on
corrosion and damage to
delicate parts.
Then, too, White Sands is
sufficiently off the beaten path
to afford secrecy. The posi-
bility of a Russian submarine s
lying-to three miles off the
launching pad is remote, to
say the least.
Boasts Canaveral Standards
Although White Sands role
in the moon program to date
is limited, work here is going
on under the same rigid stand
ards as apply at Canaveral. Mr.
Messing's operation here is 9
branch Of the manned Space.
craft Center at Houston. Tex.
which also has a Florida office
directed by a Project Mercur!
veteran named g. Merritt Pres,
ton.
Both Mr.. Messing and Mr.
Preston have been ordered II
keep the same work standard
so that experience gained herr
can be integrated into the ex'
haustive Recommendation" tina
must go on before the Apollo
machinery is certified as read!
for men.
7 Officially, the NASA takeove'
Of 81 square miles is only unit
1870, and the Little Joe pad
lifetime is theoretically set a
two years or so.
But nobody looking at TIL
work going on this eerie noun
tain-and-desert land, so mucl
like the moon in appearance
would be willing to bet tn
White Sands story will end 81
soon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
Nehru's Sister
Replaces Menon

NEW DELHI, India, Aug. II
I tAP) Madame Vijaya Laksh-
mi Pandit, sister of Prime Min
lister Nehru, will lead midas
delegation to the U. N. General
Assembly next month, an Of
fetal spokesman said today.
She replaces former defense
minister v. K. Krishna Menon,
who held the U. N. delegation
Craftsmanship from 1852 to
1862. Mr.. Menon is now out of
the onUaVt,V,a ont
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-18
ROCKET
ROCKET ="
White Sands Sets 5 Tests
For 'Man-on-Moon' Project
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
cts that will be used on or
near the moon.
And on other land, still con-
trolled by the Army, the Little
Joe series is nearing Its mi
tial blast off.
White Sands On Schedule
Only about $25 million has
been allocatetd by NASA to the
White Sands operation, which
is utter peanuts by space-age
standards.
But Wesley E. Messing, the
towering engineer who heads
NASA's operation here. says
with pride land a twinkle in
his eye), This facility is on
schedule and within the
budget"
The Little Joe launching fac
ility was built-or rather. re-
modelled from an old Redstone
pad - for SIT million in a
crash program that started
last April 10.
Work on the 87-square mile
tract across the rugged Organ
Mountains some 20 miles west
of the Little Joe pad is also be-
ing pushed with vigor.
At the new area Mr.. Messing
plans a first test firing of a
20,000-pound rocket motor for
the three-man Apollo space
craft In November, and hopes
to be firing a smaller engine for
the two-man moon landing
bug" a year from now. The
bug motor, designed to operate
on the airless moon, will have
to be fired in vacuum chambers
still unbuilt.
Plans to use White Sands
have been underway at NASA
for more than one year, but
by coincidence or otherwise the
New Mexico launching has
grown Importance since the
senior Senator from that State,
Clinton p. Anderson, took over
Craftsmanship Of the Senate /
Space Committee early this
year.
Ideal for Spacemen
Now there is talk that White
Sands may become the target
area for return flights from
the moon. Some planners say |
the large, bright area of white
gypsum sand for which the
missile range was named is an
ideal target for homing space
men. An area near Corpus |
Christi, Tex, is repeatedly ia
vored, however.
The five tests planned for
Little Joe relate to the abort"
system designed to whisk the
three-man Apollo crew to
safety in event of trouble in
the big rs million-pound .
Saturn-5 rocket on the pad
or just after liftoff.
The Apollo abort system uses
a powerful solid rocket atop a
tower, very much like-but
very much bigger. than-the
Mercury escape system.
Objective Of the first Little
Joe flight will be to test the
test rocket. Little Joe is a
cluster Of solid rockets designed
to give a substantial boost to
40 tons or so Of hardware.
Shoot a MOckup Capsule
About the end of September,
the first actual "off-the-pad
abort" will be attempted. This
will involve firing the escape
rocket, which by itself delivers
for a brief period about three
times as much thrust as
Evening star., 1963-05-05

biggest business in cats and
kittens.
The league, located at II o
street NV. maintains so in
dividual kennels and outdoor
yards for animals. It costs So
to adopt a male dog from
the league and $40 for a female.
The Tailwaggers' Club keeps
a veterinarian on the premises
and runs an out-patient clinic
where all treatments are pro-
vided at cost. The club also
sponsors spring and fall dog
training classes in Rock Creek
Park.
The league co-operates with
The Stars new pet Of the week
series, which has doubled in
terest in the league operation
since mid = February, Miss
Wright said.
Evening star., 1963-05-05
81 Gu Seniors to Get
Phi Betu Kappa Keys

Thirty-seven Catholic Uni
versity seniors will be awarded
Phi Beta Kappa keys at a din
ner at $3.50 pm. tomorrow at
the school.
Dr.. Leon Dostert, q George
town faculty member, will
speak. Two faculty members
also will receive membership
keys to the honor society.
Evening star., 1963-05-05
Rabies Clinics
Slated in County

The Montgomery County
Health Department will offer
free rabies vaccination clinics
for pets Of Montgomery County
residents on eight days from
May 8 through May "a.
The first two days schedule
is: May 8-Gaithersburg High
School, Summit avenue, $3.50
Evening star., 1963-05-05

pm; Flower avenue, theatef
parking lot, 5:30-7 pm; Ian!
coin Park, Old School building,
5:30-7 pm.
May 10 - Wheaton High
School, Lakewood drive and
Randolph road, 5:30-7 PM:
Bethesda public parking lott
North Woodmont and Battery
lane, 5:30-7 PM; Damascus
High School, Damascus, 6-7:3O
pm; Fairland Elementary
School, Route 2, Silver Spring,
6-7:30 pm. 80
Evening star., 1963-05-05
Kindness to AnimoIs
Is q 7-Doy-o-Week Job

Princess is all that her name implies She is ovable in
teigent wel-mannered little dog and happy that
she of the family Thanks again for such affec-
tionate little dog"
This quotation from letter relates the success story
Evening star., 1963-05-05
Big Business in Cats

The city has no cat law.
"Cats are too difficult to
CATCH" Poundmaster John R.
King explained.
The Animal Rescue League,
on the other hand, does its
Evening star., 1963-05-05

the William Opdyke family at
ITO Devonshire road, Takoma
Park. Except for the Animal
Rescue League that fed and
cared for her until she was
adopted, the story Of Princess
might have been just another
statistic.
BE Kind to Animals Week, /"
May sill, is that time of year
when the value Of having pets
in the family for companion
ship and protection is stressed.
Full-Time Operation
But for Phyllis Wright. di-
rector Of Washington's Animal
Rescue League, this week is
no different than last week. I"
This is O full-time operation,
with 24-hour service, including
Sundays and holidays. In 1862
the league handled some 1888
animal cases.
The Washington Humane
Society is another active ami
NAL agency. Chartered by an
act of Congress in 1870, it
maintains two full time en-
ployes to process complaints Of
cruelty to animals and follow
up investigations with court
action whenever the evidence
warrants. They also inspect
local pet shops, riding stables
and race tracks.
Approximately rs old horse
troughs throughout Washing
ton are owned by the Humane
Society and are maintained
now-for the use Of birds.
The City Pound also per-
forms an important service.
Working with nets and humane
traps constructed with a trig-
ger on which food is placed,
pound personnel enforce the
District law which forbids dogs
without licenses and leashes to
run in the streets.
Big Business in Cats
The city has no cat law.
"Cats are too difficult to
CATCH" Poundmaster John R.
King explained.
The Animal Rescue League,
Evening star., 1963-05-05

5-Year Guarantee
Free service and parts for S
years from sale il any defect
occurs in compressor. Any
necessary mechanical adjust.
ments free during first year.
Free service and parts II any
part In air conditioner system
proves defective within | year
Of sale.
Evening star., 1963-05-05
Phone for FREE
Cooling Survey

Of your home. Make an ap.
pointment for day or evening,
in your own home. Our experts
will estimate your needs with.
out obligation TO you.
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
West Indian
Negro Enters
Alabama j.

Huntsville, Ala. - A Sec
ond Negro registered last week
for a graduate course at the
University of Alabama Exten-
sion Center in Huntsville.
The man, A. A. Dean, is the
second of his race to enroll at
the university. David Nicola
thery made history when he at
tended the summer session ear
ier this year.
Dean is a native Of Nassau,
Bahamas. He is a British SUBJ
ject and has taken preliminary
steps for American citizenship.
The new student is employed
in Huntsville by a space con-
tractor.
McGlathery, a mathematic-
ian at Marshall Space Flight
Center, failed to complete an
advanced math course he start
ed in the summer session. It
was not known whether he in
tended to register this fall.
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
King Back
In Birmingham
Despite City's
Negro Leaders
Issue Massive
Demonstration
Renewal Threat

Birmingham, Ala. Oct. 8 -
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
was back in Birmingham Mon
day despite the action of two
of the city's most prominent
and influential Negro leaders,
Dr.. A. G. CASTOR, Birmingham's s
Negro millionaire businessman,
and Attorney Arthur Shores,
the states most prominent Ne
gro lawyer.
The two Negro leaders, be-
lieved to have widespread sup
port among other Negro lead
ers of the city, as well as
mong the rank and file of ordi-
nary people, issued a joint
statement last week, which in
no uncertain terms, rejected any
further help from the Rev. King
on the city4s current racial
crisis.
King arrived in the city from
his home in Atlanta sometime
Continued On Page Two
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
More Educational Opportunities Offered Negro Students
Annua! Analysis OF High Court
Decisions Finds High Percentage
OF Rulings UphoIding Asserted
Guarantees Of The Constitution
Court Seen Filling Vacuum Created By
Congress- Lack Of Action On Civil Rights

The United States Supreme
Court which began its new term
Monday, was described in re-
port issued Saturday as "more
firmly united than ever before
in its role as the great defender
of the basic freedoms of the
American people"
In its annual analysis of the
decisions of the high court, the
American Jewish Congress said
the 1962-63 term was remark
able" for the percentage of rul-
ings upholding racial equality,
separation of church and state,
freedom of expression and other
Constitutional guarantees.
The 83-page summary and
analysis, seventh in an annual
series, was prepared by the AJC
commission on law and social
action under Leo Pfeffer, direct
or; Joseph B. Robinson, assist
ant director; and Carol Weis-
brod, staff counsel. Ephriam
London is chairman of the COM
mission.
Continued On Page Six)
Jackson advocate., 1963-10-12
Negro High
School Closed
In PIaquemine

Plaquemine, La. - The all
Negro Iberville High School was
closed Monday until further
notice, in the wake of a series
of disturbances in this racially-
plagued city on the banks of
the Mississippi River. The fac
ulty tried to reopen the school,
which has an enrolment of 629,
Monday after classes were sus-
pended at mid-morning last Fri
day following a book and rock
throwing melee. All but about
$50 pupils gathered in the gym
nasium instead of their class
rooms Monday, and organized
a march on the all-white school
board headquarters downtown.
When most of the students
started marching in columns of
twos, hand-in- hand, Police Chief
Dennis Songy shouted several
times get back, get back, |
tell you," and when the column
continued, police broke it up
with tear gas. The marchers
reassembled in a nearby vacant
lot. Later most of them drifted
away, about 80 Of them going
to ,Hoffman's office. Principal
w. o. Williams said School is
dismissed until further, notice.