davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-27

things even more difficult for the
Tory Party in England, but Mr..
Macmillan said he would not quit.
In what has become a diplomatic
Dunkirk, the British will have to
be pushed from the table. They
will not yield to Mr.. de Gale.
The British decision to keep on
is not based solely on principle.
London economists have con-
vinced the government that Brit
aims future development depends
largely on whether Britain can
become a full partner of the
Western European nations.
Entry into the Market would
also provide Britain with better
trade opportunities in the United
States. Mr.. Kennedy's trade ex-
pansion act of last year is pred
icated on there being a large
Common Market that could trade
with America on equal terms.
Most of the tariff cutting
measures could not be used if
Britain is not accepted as a mem
Der of the Market, since without
Britain. Europe does not meet
the requirements written into the
bill.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Talks Tomorrow

There are varying reports on
what Mr.. Adenauer accomplished
and how hard he tried in his few
hours with Mr.. de Gaulle. Most
likely, when the Brussels talks re-
sumo tomorrow for the most cru
cial round of all, Bonn will offer
a face-saving proposal that will
keep the talks alive, without in
suring Britain's admission.
This might mean referring the
application to the Common Mar
ket Commission, group of nine
men generally considered more
flexible than the Council Of Min
listers, the body which has con-
Quoted the negotiations for Is
months.
The Commission may be asked
to decide whether it thinks Brit
ain meets the basic requirements
for admiSsion-as the other five
members of the Market say-or
does not as Mr.. de Gaulle
charges.
Paris spokesmen said Friday
that Mr.. de Gaulle has not budged
an iota in his refusal to seat
Britain at this time. And it is
not likely that he will be con-
vinced by any commission report.
He feels Britain is not Europe
orientated"; that it is a puppet
Of the United States (evidenced
by Britain's agreement to pool its
nuclear weapons in the United
States-led multilateral force;
and would weaken rather than
strengthen the Market.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
The Reforms

AS for the more controversial
reforms, Mr.. Kennedy listed
them under (a) relief Of hardship
and encouragement of growth, Cb)
base broadening and equity and
(c) revision of capital gains tax
alton for growth and equity.
BY far the largest amount
Of money the Kennedy pr ogram
would recoup would be from a pro-
posed floor under itemized deduc-
tions taken by individual taxpay-
ers. The President put it this way:
Il recommend that itemized de-
ductions, which now average about
20 per cent of adjusted gross in
comes be limited to those in ex-
cess of 5 per cent of the taxpay-
ers' adjusted gross income. This
5 per cent floor will make $2.3
billion Of revenue available. :"
The President saw a bit of SOL
ace for some individuals and for
the Internal Revenue Service. He
said SIS million more taxpayers
would no longer have to itemize
their deductions.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
The AchievubIe

Mr.. Kennedy, with good reason,
has been known as a pragmatic
politician, a man who limits his
goals to the achievable once the
limits of the latter are rather
clearly outlined.
Last week, despite his formal
statements advocating that the
program be enacted as a package,
the President indicated he would
go along with tax cuts now, tax
reforms later.
(This is what he will in all
likelihood get, if the opinions of
two Of his chief lieutenants in
the House of Representatives are
any reflection Of that chambers at
titudes. Both Majority Leader AL
bert Of Oklahoma and Majority
Whip Boggs of Louisiana declared
last week that tax cuts would
come first and separately. Mr..
Boggs said he doubted any re-
forms would be voted this year,
The President made his feelings
known when he told a reporter at
his news conference that tax re-
duction had first priority" with
him. He did add, however, that
If the reforms were put off we
should either "pick up some rev.
enue some other place" or reduce
the size Of the recommended cuts.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
LIE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
European Unity at Stake

In a week otherwise marked
by discOrd within the Western
alliance, France and West Ger
many signed a treaty Of CO.
operation to "bring an end to
age-Old rivalries."
Only hours after he received the
1862 Freedom Award in New York
on Wednesday, Jean Monnet was
aboard a jet flying back to Paris.
1t was not that the architect of a
United States of Europe did not
have friends on this side of the
Atlantic. He simply had to return
to Join battle with President de
Gaulle.
No two Frenchmen see less eye
to-eye about the future than do
Monnet and de Gaulle. No two
Frenchmen are more involved in
the present crisis on whether
Great Britain should Join the
Common Market.
Mr.. Monnet, of course, has less
power than Mr.. de Gaulle; he is
only a private citizen, Mr.. de
Gauiie is President of France. And
yet, among the European intellec-
tuals, Mr.. Monnet is Mr.. Europe"
1t was the Monnet plan which
made the Marshall plan effective;
and it was Monnet who engineered
the European Coal and Steel Com
munity in 1851 - the basis for
the European Economic Commu-
nifty (the Common Market) and
the European Community of
Atomic Energy (Euratom).
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Criticism at Home

Mr.. de Gaulle'S critics have torn
his arguments to pieces, pointing
out that in the present East-West
crisis. Little Europe is hardly
realistic. The French newspaper
lie Monde" called this policy lex
acerbated nationalism that can
only engender disorder and lead to
isolation"
And every other member of the
Common Market has spoken out
against Mr.. de Gaulle. Even the
West Germans who signed treaty
of o-operation, called for British
admission. AS President Kennedy
said at his press conference last
week, Britain's admission to the
Market would lead to a United
Europe which could act as an
equal partner" Of the United
States in solving international
problems.
Mr.. Monnet. speaking for most
Europeans, said 1T must be real
lied that to arrive at world peace
1t Is imperative that England
should unite with the commu-
nifty, and that a relationship of
equal partners should be estab-
lished between a united Europe
and the United States of America"
Evening star., 1963-01-27
The Checks

Since any nation participating
In a test ban must be sure the
other side is not cheating, the
United States believes there should
be no doubt on whether an explo-
sion is nuclear or not. The best
way, Washington believes, to in
sure compliance is through the
following combination of checks:
. Seismic stations manned by
citizens of the host nation,
but regulated by some sort of in
ternational control system.
o A series of unnamed "auto-
matte seismic stations" the So
called black boxes" that would
be inspected regularly by an in
ternational team. These boxes
would be both within the territory
OF a nuclear power and outside
its borders.
. From 8 to 10 on-site inspec-
tions yearly by an international
team when there is some doubt
whether an explosion was a nu-
clear one or not.
In his letter, Mr.. Khrushchev
agreed In principle with all three
OF these ideas, but offered fewer
black boxes" and fewer on-site
inspections than Mr.. Kennedy
thinks are necessary. Mr.. Khru-
shchev said he would only allow
three inspections yearly - and
this was emphasized by Foreign
Minister Gromyko later.
Officials here, however, believe
an agreement is possible, and Mr..
Kennedy told his press conference
that he was heartened by Mr..
khrushchev's agreeing in princi-
pei to on-site inspection. Actually.
the Soviet Union said It would
allow three inspections as long
ago as 1859, but later withdrew
the offer.
Part of the optimism stems also
from feeling in Washington
that Mr.. Khrushchev may sim
cerely want a treaty with the
United States and Britain on
nuclear testing to prove" TO his
people and TO the other Commu-
mist countries that Washington
is reasonable" and does not want
a nuclear war, This would give
credence to his peaceful CO.
existence" policy.
AS sign Of good faith. Mr..
Kennedy yesterday ordered a halt
temporarily" in our underground
tests. They will resume IL the
talks fail.
Militarily, a test ban would
have little significance at this
time. Both sides have tested for
more than a year and have more
than enough technical informa-
tion TO keep scientists busy in the
laboratory extrapolating the ma
terial. The arms race can con-
tinue without more tests.
Its effect would be primarily
political. A treaty allowing for
on-site inspection would aggravate
the Communist alliance, since
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Up to Congress

He further indicated that he
might not battle too hard to tie
cuts to reforms when he said, in
effect, that while he proposes,
Congress disposes. He put it this
way:
THE Congress will have to
make the judgment whether both
reform and reduction can be done
this year. I would hope that they
could be. In the final analysis, it
is going to be their judgment,
however"
1t appears clear that the Presi-
dent does not want to risk the
whole scheme of which tax cuts
are Of the more immediate i'm
portance-by battling against
congressional preference to
handle the reductions first. This
is so even though such a proce-
dure would increase the prospec-
tive fiscal 1864 budget deficit of
$11.9 billion and virtually assure
Mr.. Kennedy Of establishing
a new record in this unenviable
sphere. President Eisenhower
holds the old mark of $12.4 bill
lion. set In 1859.
In his special message to Con-
gress, the President disclosed de-
tails of his plan for cuts and re-
forms, explaining in politically
attractive language how every
Evening star., 1963-01-27
De GouHe Role

In the West, such an Anglo
American-Soviet treaty, would ex-
acerbate relations with France,
since Paris will not abide by any
such pact. Mr.. de Gaulle has made
II clear he wants to become a
nuclear equal-and will not stop
nuclear development because Of
such treaty.
Mr.. Kennedy was asked about
whether France and China's nom
participation would prevent Amer
ican signing. He said II a treaty
could be arrived at with Moscow,
he would be in favor Of signing
1t. If later, another country's
testing endangered our security,
Washington would have to decide
whether to continue to be bound
by the treaty.
There has been no public re-
port on how the discussions are
going. William c. Foster, the head
of the disarmament agency, N. T.
Fedorenko, Soviet Ambassador to
the U. NJ, and British Ambas-
sador Sir David Ormsby Gore are
participating In the secret talks.
Even though information has
been scanty about the progress
of the talks, some members of
Congress have already made them
a political issue at home. Rep
resentative Hosmer, the ranking
Republican of the Joint Atomic
Energy Committee, told Congress
on Thursday that the United
States risks closing its nuclear
shirt" in the current negotia-
tions.
Mr.. Hosmer plans to call sew
eral officials, including former
Atomic Energy Commissioner
Lewis L. Strauss to a meeting
of House Republicans that will
discuss a test ban. Many men,
bers of Congress have con-
sistently looked with a wary eye
on these talks, afraid a test ban
might not have strict enough
provisions to protect American
security.
1t is no secret that all sides
would like to have a treaty ready
for presentation to the Geneva
disarmament conference which re-
convenes next month. This would
allow East and West to share the
propaganda advantages of ridding
the world Of radiation fall-out.
1t might also lead to further
steps along the road to disarma-
ment.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Basic Steps

The first steps 10 be taken are
the basic ones: Implementation
Of a new constitution, more or less
on a Federal basis: an equitable
distribution OF Katanga's wealth;
and development of an efficient
Congo gendarmerie which can
eradicate the violence that flares
continually among hostile tribes.
Already heavily involved in the
Congo. the u. N. will have to play
the major role In putting the
Congo on its feet. U. N. spokes-
men In New York said last week
that the major powers will be
asked TO contribute several mil
lions Of dollars for a technical
aid mission-"the largest in his
tory" II is hoped that nations
which contributed not a penny TO
the military operation (the Soviet
Union, France) will dig deep for
the more humanitarian program.
Although Mr.. Tshombe was his
usual smiling self at capitulation
time. he can be expected to argue
stoutly for a strong voice In Congo
affairs. The u. N. recognizes him
as provincial President-his title
before the secession-but there are
other voices not so mindful Of the
Katangan leader
The more radical members Of
the Central Congo government.
backed by such anti-Tshombe par
tisans as Ghana and Moscow. are
calling for Mr.. Tshombe's arrest.
Under pressure from the u. N. and
Washington, Cyrille Adoula, he
Congo Premier. has given Mr..
Tshombe amnesty for his "trea-
SON. II there is any difficulty In
uniting the Congo. Mr. Adoula
may come under heavy political
pressure for not throwing the Ka-
tangan leader in jail. This could
lead TO a serious political crisis.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Roy of Hope

After appearing to slam the
door In Britain's face two weeks
ago. Mr.. de Gaulle seemed to be
opening 1t ever so slightly last
week after meeting with Chan
cellor Adenauer. The Chancellor
reportedly told Mr.. de Gaulle
that German public opinion is so
strong on Britain's side that the
Bundestag might not ratify the
Franco-German treat II Paris
prevents London's admission.
The treaty itself is a compre-
hensive one calling for regular
governmental consultations on a
variety Of subjects. Provisions are
made for co-ordinating diplomat
ic. defense. educational and cul-
tural policies.
The signing represented a his
toric step for two nations which
have fought three bloody wars in
the last century. The treaty has
little real meaning however, since
NATO and the Common Market
already are binding on the two
nations. The wording seemed
more Mr.. de Gaulle's than Mr..
Adenauer's and represented the
De Gaulle view Of a Franco Ger
man axis serving as a core for a
future Little Europe.
The treaty was attacked
ST ongly by Italian Premier Fan
FAM In the Parliament. He said
1t was menace 10 the Com
mon Market" and a menace to
European unity" Observers ex-
pect that Mr.. Fanfani-fresh
from recent visit TO Washing
ton-will use Mr.. Macmillan's
visit this week 10 Rome TO make
public his warm support for
Britain's entry. Some sources
hint that Italy may even offer
special concessions TO Britain in
an effort to offset the Franco
German axis which 1t fears may
overwhelm the alliance.
Mr.. Fanfani also repeated that
Italy supports the multilateral
nuclear force e-and may even use
Polaris missiles on its warships.
This was interpreted as another
Evening star., 1963-01-27

side to negotiate and not prop
agandize.
What are the issues involved?
Both sides have already agreed
that the main area of doubt sur
rounds detection of underground
nuclear explosions. Atmospheric
tests can be detected quite easily,
without the need of inspectors or
control stations on another ma
tion's territory.
The underground explosions.
however, offer problems of verifi-
cation when they are Of small mag
nitude - scientists say beneath a
scale Of 400 on the Richter seis-
mic scale. Nuclear tests at this
level sometimes are indistinguish-
able from normal earthquakes
when they are registered on seis-
mographs.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Market Entry

with Britain's membership
vital to furtherance of the long
sought goal of a United States
of Europe, Mr.. Monnet has been
working behind the scenes trying
to gain support against Mr.. de
Gaulle's plan to keep Britain out
of the Market.
Mr.. de Gaulle - as he made
clear at his press conference on
January IA - feels that Britain's
entry would destroy his concept
of a Little Europe - a third
force" dominated by a Paris-Bonn
axis. This third force" would act
as a buffer between the United
States and the Soviet Union. 1t
would protect "Europe's interests"
through tight economic co-opera-
ton, and it would develop its own
nuclear force.
Britain's entry, Mr.. de Gaulle
has said, would result in "a CO.
lossal Atlantic community under
American dependence and leader
ship which would soon completely
swallow UP the European COM
munity."
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Casualty Losses

The President also would tight
en- deductions on casualty losses,
allowing them only to the extent
that they are in excess Of 4 per
cent of the taxpayers income. This
would add 500 million a year in
receipts.
Another item Of reform ad-
vocated by Mr.. Kennedy involves
the repeal Of the dividend credit
and exclusion. Currently there is
no tax on the first $50 Of divi-
dends received from domestic
corporations and, In addition, the
Government allows q credit
against tax equal to 4 per cent Of
dividend income in excess Of $50.
Repeal Of these provisions would
Continued on Page b.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
THE NATIONAL SCENE
I axes as the Key
To Kennedy Goal

President Kennedy on Thurs
day sent his net S1O.2 billion
tax cut-tax reform proposals to
Congress.
Ever since the Kennedy admin
istration publicly pledged itself
last summer to push for an
across-the-board income tax cut
and an accompanying program of
tax reform early this year, it has
been considered inevitable that a
storm in Congress would ensue.
The President believes his COM
bined tax program to be the most
important piece Of domestic leg
islation he will submit for 1868.
He has said so several times. He
devoted a large part Of his state
of-the-Union message to its ad-
vocacy. He repeated hiG argu-
ments in its behalf in his eco
nomic report to Congress last
Monday. In his special tax mes
sage on Thursday he went all out
to show how Just about every in
dividual and group in the Nation
would benefit from tax cut-tax
reform. And a few hours later in
the same day, he used his news
conference to "sell" the program
again before a Nationwide tele-
vision audience.
Few observers believe that the
first half of Mr.. Kennedy's two
part program-ta tax reductions
will run into any serious diff
Guilty. The congressional fight will
be over reforms and the bitter
ness of the struggle will depend
in large measure upon how force
fully the President pushes them.
Evening star., 1963-01-27
NucIeor:
Direct Line

In an exchange of letters re-
leased last week, President
Kennedy and Premier Khru-
shchev discussed proposals for
a nuclear test ban. As a re-
suit, Soviet and American Of
ficials began new talks.
AS Professor Hans j. Morgen-
thau noted recently, the Cuban
crisis was solved when President
Kennedy and Premier Khru-
shchev "resorted successfully to a
device which neither belongs to
the traditional diplomatic proce-
dures nor is a summit meeting
proper: kind Of distance
summit in the form of an ex-
change Of personal letters"
Apparently both men were en-
couraged by the speed with which
their Cuban notes achieved sue
cess. They are now using the
same sort of long distance sum-
mitry in an effort to solve the
four-year-old question Of a nu-
clear test ban.
"The moment for this is very,
very appropriate" Mr.. Khru-
shchev wrote on December 18th
to the White House. Left behind
is a period of utmost acuteness
and tension In the Caribbean. Now
we have united our hands TO en-
gage closely in other urgent in
ternational matters and. In par
ticular, in such a problem which
has been ripe for so long as ces-
sation OF nuclear tests"
II was very glad to receive your
letter." the President answered on
December 28th. g. -. ! therefore
sincerely hope that the sugges-
tions that you have made
will prove TO be helpful in starting
us down the road TO an agree
ment"
Evening star., 1963-01-27
Talks Begin

After Mr.. Khrushchev's second
note Of January 7. Soviet,
American and British officials be-
gan talks in New York two weeks
ago The talks were transferred
TO Washington last week, stimuli
taneously with the release Of the
Khrushchev-Kennedy correspond
ence Traditionally wary of opti-
mistic predictions, officials never
theless were encouraged by the
tone OF Mr.. Khrushchev's letters
and the willingness Of the Soviet
Evening star., 1963-01-27

China, now on the verge of test
ing herself, will see 1t as another
example of Moscows selling out"
of the revolution. Peking says that
under no circumstances should
Communist country indicate to its
people that the imperialists are
peace-loving or reasonable.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-11
OBITUARIES
Miss Morriss, IS
Buried Thursday

y TUGGLE, Jan. 10 - Funeral
services for Miss Mary Louise
Morriss. IS, were held today
Thursday at Doyne- Burger Flu
neral Home, Farmville, with
burial in the Salem Methodist
Church cemetery, at Spout
Spring. The Rev. DR.. w. Otis
McClung officiated.
Miss MorriSS was the daughter
Of the late Leslie T. and Bessie
Chiffon MorriSs. She was born
in Appomattox county February
Z. 1906. She was graduated from
LongWood College and was a
member Of Reedy Spring Bap-
list Church.
Surviving are two sisters, Mrs.
Virginia Morl1Ss Eisenman, OF
Montevallo, Ala, and Mrs. P. B.
Meyer. of Richmond: two broth
ers, L. H. Morriss, Of Prospect,
and Henry H. Morriss, of Fay
etteville, N. c.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-11
Steve r. SZenasy
Buried Wednesday

BLACKSTONE, Jan. 10 - A
funeral service for Steve R.
Szenasy. 83, a farmer who died
on Monday. Jan. 7, was held at
2 pm. Wednesday. at Hammer
Hardin neral Home with
burial in Butterwood Churc h
Cemetery.
Surviving are his wife, Mrs.
Rose Macy Szenasy: a son,
Steve W. Szenasy; three broth
ers, John Szenasy, of New Jer-
sey. Antoine Szenasy, Of North
Carolina, and Andrew Szenasy
of Powhatan; four sisters, Mrs.
Joe Bezdan, Mrs. Clara Tribo-
witch and Mrs. Kate Zsari, all
of Richmond. and Mrs. Robert
Preiszer, of Illinois.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-11
W. c. Pike Dies
On Tuesday

AMELIA, Jan. 10 = Funeral
services for William Cephas
Pike. "a, who died on Tuesday,
Jan. 8. were held at pm. to-
day Thursday at Little Flock
Baptist Churc with burial
there.
Surviving are his wife. Mrs.
Nell Chimney Pike; two sons,
w. c. Pike, Jr., of Oklahoma
City; Okla. and Larry A. Pike
OF Newport News: a sister. Mrs.
E. L. Smith; two brothers, Mel
vim and Leslie Pike. all OF
Amelia, and six grandchildren.