davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-19
TO THE STAR
Welfare Departments Efforts Reviewed

mitted a proposal to provide
financial aid to needy chill
dren of unemployed parents
through the Federal ADO pro-
gram. The sum was included
in the 1868 budget on a %
of a year basis.
In fiscal year 1861, the de-
partment staff requested As
social workers to establish a
Family Service Unit with a
caseload ratio Of one worker
to rs cases, to provide for
an increased staff to deal with
an increased caseload and to
establish the Residential
Training Center for ADO
mothers.
AS result Of the concern
and support by Congress and
the District Government, the
department staff was able to
establish the Residential
Training Center, the first ex-
pertinent of its kind in the
country designed for the re-
habilitation of ADO mothers.
In fiscal year 1862. 10 posi-
tions were requested to pro-
vide intensive services for
BIS families in the second
precinct area. In addition, S
social work positions we're re-
quested to provide short-term
intensive services for families
and individuals having high
rehabilitation potential.
In fiscal year 1868, 70 ad-
ditional social service posi-
tions were requested by the
department.
On August /, 1861, the de-
partment staff proposed a
Work Training Program
coupled with emergency re-
lief for unemployed employ
ables.
In the fiscal 1863 budget
request, the District Govern
m ent originally included
$4,000 for a Training for
Work Program and for the
provision of emergency re-
lief to participants in the
program.
During the current fiscal
year, the department has ar
Evening star., 1963-01-19

tenth of the entire Congo"
the revolt of the Katangese,
1t seems, is unjust because
most Congolese do not want
it.
Sophistry, because: a. in
questioning the justice of the
secession of Katanga, we are
questioning whether the
Congo is an integral political
entity, whether 1t is sover-
eign; b. to argue that the
will Of the peoples who in
habit what was once the
Belgian Congo is the will
which ought to be consulted
in the governing of these
peoples. is to say that they
rule themselves. and are SOW
ereign; c. Mr.. Williams,
therefore, has assumed what
is in question. He has as
sumed that the Congo is an
autonomous body polite. Yet
If the justice Of Katanga's
secession be in question, as
1t is. then whether the Con-
go is such a body polite is
in question. Mr.. Williams
conclusion is one OF his
premises. His logic is too
tortured TO command our as
sent.
If no better a case for the
unification of the Congo can
be made. 1t might we'll be
that our commitment is as
catastrophe as 1t seems.
John +. Crosby III.
Now that the United Ma
tions, through the efforts Of
It's Secretary General, ct al,
has finally accomplished
unification of the Congo by
the capitulation OF Katanga
President Noise Tshombe.
what will be the next move
OF the U. NJ, as an alleged
instrument Of peace2
We have been taught that
the U N. was formed 10 save
us. yet all we have been do
ing, in addition TO paying
the bills, is surrendering our
precious hard-won heritage
OF freedom Has the U. N.
ever been an instrument OF
peace2 Let us stop kidding
ourselves, Since 1t was organ
lied In l945 there has been
fighting and bloodshed
around the globe. And
through II all the only ma
tions which have gained any
thing and emerged victorious
are Russia and Red China.
w. l.. Joyce.
Evening star., 1963-01-19

would make members Of
Congress, as well as the pub
lie, balk. If the so-called tax
reforms are unpalatable, they
will fail, adding to the Fed
eral deficit. The Presidents
program, however, takes into
account and is even based
on - deficit spending during
the next four years. So what
happens to the reforms" will
not halt tax reduction.
Change in Formula
The President apparently
has decided to take the ad-
vice of economists who have
no fear of deficits - who be-
lieve in big Government
spending, and bigger and big
ger Government to handle
the problems and services re-
quired by the people. In the
days of the late President
Franklin D. Roosevelt (the
New Deal days. the admin
istration was charged with
adopting a program Of tax
ing to the limit, spending to
the limit-and electing again
and again. The Kennedy pro-
gram now advanced, has a
change. 1t proposes to reduce
taxes, continue big spending
- and elect and elect. Politic-
ally, it could work, certainly
in 1864. 1t could leave the
President in strong position
for reelection, even If the
Congress should turn his pro-
posals down, for then he
could tell the electorate he
needed another term to put
through his program which
the country needed.
At least this tax reduction
proposal is a new try for the
Democrats, who have relied
heretofore on taxing and
spending. In the last 80 years
the national debt has been
increased from between SIG
and SIT billion to some $500
billion. This huge increase is
due primarily to the costs of
two wars and to the cold war
which now demands terrific
expenditures for national de-
fense. But it is due also to
the expanding civil govern
ment, and in part to relief
expenditures for the Ameri-
can people. And to the huge
expenditures for foreign aid
economic and military.
This new Kennedy budget is
the greatest. 1t exceeds even
the budget in the biggest
spending year of the Second
World War. 1t is all the more
shocking because we are sup
posed to be at peace. In real
ity, however, we are engaged
in shooting affairs if not
wars) in various parts Of the
world, and we are supplying
the United Nations with the
funds to make war in the
Congo.
The national debt contin-
ued to increase, largely be-
cause of the cold war, during
the Republican Eisenhower
eight years. There seems no
end to it. And the voters, ap-
parently, rarely think of it.
If they do, they hope 1t will
never catch up with them.
Evening star., 1963-01-19

There has been life on
earth for 3 billion years -
twice as long as previous es-
Inmates.
This has been determined
by scientists Of the Carnegie
Institution Of Washington
Scientists, headed by DR..
Philip H. Abelson, director
of the Institutions Geophysi-
cal Laboratory.
DR.. P. L. Parker Of the
laboratory staff, according to
a report just issued, has ex-
tracted fatty acids Of nearly
undoubted organic origin,
from rocks as old as 500 mil
lion years, using sensitive
and powerful new techniques.
These strongly suggest that
life Of some sort was pres
ent when these rocks we're
laid down.
In studies Of still older
rocks, the report says. DR..
T. H. Hoering measured sta
BILE carbon isotope rations in
carbon and carbon combina-
tions and obtained evidence
that algae, the one-celled
green plant which makes up
the green scum on ponds,
were living at the time the
rocks solidified. Samples an
allied included a limestone
from Glacier Park. Mont,
with a minimum age of IL
billion years; a dolomite from
Michigan whose formation
dated from about is billion
years ago. and a limestone
from southern Rhodesia with
a minimum age Of 81 billion
years. These are among the
Oldest sedimentary rocks on
earth.
Age Of Mountains Studied
But a long period Of evolu-
ton must have been neces-
sary TO produce the algae
themselves. They stand fairly
high among single-celled or
ganisms and must have been
preceded by much more prim-
tive forms. The absolute
earliest appearance OF life
remains unknown. as we'll as
the form II may have taken.
II certainly preceded the
planets earliest mountains.
For some time scientists
Of the Institutions Depart
ment OF Terrestrial Magnet
ism. headed by DR.. Merle
Tuve, has been determining
the dating Of North Amer
ica's mountain system. using
methods OF radioactive dat
ing They have found one
belt OF rocks. extending from
Labrador TO Texas. ranging
from Q million TO IL billion
years old. Another, ranging
In age from IL trillion 10
i.55 trillion years OF age. oc-
cupies a large part OF the
central and southwestern
parts Of the country. A third,
between 2 billion and 3 bill
lion runs from the Rocky
Mountains northwestward 10
Evening star., 1963-01-19

wanted. 1t was apparently the
only thing to do since all
seemed to be aligned against
him. Later as he made his tor
tured way down the street
he suddenly realized he had
not Jared too badly; after
all, he had not been sent to
jail and nobody seemed to
notice him now that the ne
gotiations had been success
fully concluded.
Edward w. Larson.
-
! congratulate William s.
White on his timely and ad-
mirable analysis, ~. Ms Evil
Empire Building"
If the British, French or
Dutch were to do what the
U, N. has done in Katanga,
U. N. fans would be the first
to scream "colonialism." For,
not so long ago, they blew
their emotional fuses when
Britain and France tried to
protect their own property,
the Suez Canal.
But what Mr.. White so
aptly calls ~. N. - right or
wrongers" think 1t fine for
the U. N. to seize by force
property TO which II has no
title and TO finance this bur-
glarious enterprise with funds
mainly provided by the u. S.
taxpayer. They raised no OBJ
lection when the u. N. bor-
rowed funds originally in
tended TO help children
through UNICEF, TO subsi-
die warlike operations.
In a recent letter, my
namesake, Edward Russell,
blames the Katanga tragedy
on "an alignment of British,
French and Belgian CONNER
cial interests and reactionary
racists." / hope he will supply
names and details soon be-
cause II is not fair 10 your
many readers, like myself,
who enjoy a good "whodunit"
about sinister international
forces" TO keep us waiting
for a further thrilling INSTALL
ment.
Edward c. Russell.
one OF the most conspicu-
GUS non-sequiturs Of which
q. Mennen williams has
been guilty appeared in his re-
cent interview Sunday Star,
January i3) concerning the
United States policy in the
Congo.
That policy "is based on
the doctrine Of majority rule
Katanga is only one
Evening star., 1963-01-19
THE POLITICAL MILL
Cut Taxes, Spend and Elect
BY GOULD LINCOLN

Right or wrong, President
Kennedy's tax reduction and
Government spending pro-
posals will in large measure
be accepted by the new Con-
gress. A reason tax reduc-
ton is favored by a big ma
jority of its members and by
business and labor groups
throughout the country, and
Government spending, even
though 1t leads to large def
cits, will be favored also by
a large number Of Represen-
tatives and Senators. The lat
ter want things for their in
dividual States and districts.
And some will listen to vari-
Gus pressure groups among
their constituents. This is a
hard political view. But the
1854 national and congress
sional elections are "only a
swallow away"
Admittedly, the Presidents
1888 billion budget message
although the figure had been
widely published in advance)
came as a shock to many on
Capitol Hill. 1t has brought
forth immediate and shrill
howls of pain from the econ
omy-minded. The estimate Of
an $ll.9 billion deficit for
fiscal 1854 is responsible for
cold shudders running up and
down legislative spines, par
ticularly as 1t could be in
creased several billion dol
lars If some of the Presi-
dents legislative proposals go
through the Congress - Gre
ating a new Department of
Urban Affairs and adding
$4,000 Federal employees to
the payroll are some Of the
smaller ones.
Undoubtedly, these fiscal
proposals will lead to major
battles in the Congress and
its committees on Govern
ment finances. But when
many of the members get
their second wind, they will
see things the Presidents
way. There may be cuts in
the estimates when appropri-
tions are voted - there al
ways are some. And there
may be some increases over
estimates. Presidential budg-
cts frequently are larger than
the amount for which an ad-
ministration expects to win
Congress complete approval.
Deficit Spending
The President has held up
his tax reduction proposal to
the Congress and to the
country as a sine qua non
if the economy of the coun-
try is really to move forward.
Cearly, the economy has not
been moving at the pace he
hoped for during the last
Congress. He argues that 1t
is not enough merely to make
some recovery and then stand
still. He has not yet revealed
what tax reforms and revi-
sions he wishes to make in
addition to the reduction in
tax rates. However, it has
been predicted that some of
the revisions like the aban-
donment of Joint income tax
returns for husband and wife
Evening star., 1963-01-19
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
o. What is the purpose Of

Q. What is the purpose Of
the antitrust law2-G. j.
A. The Clayton Antitrust
Act, enacted in 1914, is in
tended TO ensure business
competition and prevent
monopolies. No corporation
engaged in commerce may
buy or acquire large holdings
in another commercial cor
poration II the result might
be 10 lessen competition be-
tween the two corporations,
or 10 tend to create a monop-
oily In any line OF COM
merce, or TO restrain such
commerce In any section or
community.
Evening star., 1963-05-15
SHOP TO-DAY UNTIL 6P.M.

Store Hours Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays $50 am
TO pm. darlington only open til $3.50 PM. Tuesdays,
Wednesdays and Saturdays $3.50 am to pm. Free
Parking At All Big Sears Stores.
Evening star., 1963-05-15
Safe Crackers
Strike Z Stores,
Get S3,3o8

Safe crackers early yester-
day took $3,398 from two
Rockville businesses after fore
ing open doors to enter the
buildings. Montgomery County
Police reported.
Thieves used tools in stock
at the Hechinger Co., 625 North
Washington street, to break
open a safe in the rear of the
home supply store and take
$2.637, police said.
Three rifles on sale at the
store and loaded with store
ammunition were found al
three entrances, leading police
to theorize the safe crackers
had posted lookouts to deal
with possible police interfer-
ence.
The other theft occurred
about two miles away at the
Burgundy Pharmacy. 804 Bal
timore road, where thieves tool
$76 from a safe, police said
They said about six weeks age
q safe containing $500 wal
taken from the store.
Evening star., 1963-05-15
Virginia Youths
Win Scholarships

Two Northern Virginia
youths have been added TO the
list Of l.400 National Merit
Scholarship winners in the
Nation.
Hammond High School stu
dent John r. Tappin. son OF
Maj. and Mrs. Francis d. Tap
pin, 1889 Raleigh avenue, AL.
exandria. has won a United
States Air Force Merit scholar.
ship, and Fred E. Haynes oi
Arlingtin's Washington Lee
High School has been named Q
United States Career Merit
Scholar.
He is the son Of Col. anc
Mrs. Pred Haynes, jr., OF 1901
North Lebanon street, Arling.
ton.
Evening star., 1963-05-15
Morse Says
Decent Pay
Is Social Cure
BY GRACE BASSETT
Star staff Writer

Senator Morse, Democrat of
Oregon, last night chided busi-
ness leaders for failing to at
tack slum, disease and delin-
quency problems by paying de-
cent wages.
The Senator maintained that
his bill to guarantee minimum
wages would not only help cure
social ills, but also improve the
economic health of the COM
munity.
He spoke at a meeting Of
civic and labor leaders at the
Hamilton Hotel.
Enlightened business and
civic leaders in this Nation are
coming to recognize that pow
erty below the subsistence level,
as we all should know by now,
is quickly translated into slums,
delinquency and disease-and
the ultimate result invariably
is higher taxes for the tax
payers to curb these evils" he
said.
He repeatedly called "un-
fortunate" the opposition of
the Metropolitan Washington
Board Of Trade to a minimum
wage law. And he answered,
argument by argument. the
major points of opposition
voiced by board spokesmen and
individual businessmen.
Initiation Move Denied
They had claimed many busi-
nesses will be forced to close
doors. Labor Departm e n t
studies discount this argument,
Senator Morse said. Acknowl-
edging some dislocations would
flow from a fair wage" he
said he preferred that indus
tries adjust to that wage
rather than keep going by ex-
plotting human beings.
To say that minimum wage
legislation is inflationary is
economic nonsense" accord
ing to the Oregonian. He said
that prices may have to 60 up
slightly, but that prices always
have increased more under
changes in business activity
and demand than from wage
increases.
Sees Skills Improved
He said his answer to the
argument that low-paid work.
ers are unskilled was that they
would remain unskilled unless
given better pay, which itself
will enable them to improve
their skills.
The Morse bill would extend
minimum wage protection
which now applies to a limited
group, to some 1861 men,
women and minors in the Dis
trict. 1t would promise a mini
mum of SIPS an hour, proce-
dures for recommending higher
rates, and overtime pay at
time and one half for work in
excess of 40 hours a week.
Senate hearings on the
Morse bill will be held before
his own District subcommittee
in June. Chances for a hearing
or action in the House District
Committee are slim. To date
the Board Of Trade opposition
has been a major factor in
sidetracking the legislation.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

Waller Foraker
Jack Ford
Earl Cooley
Skip Kitchens
Bob Jocobs
Leroy Leagcr
Bill Marsh
Henry Marshall
Butch Miller
Joe Passwaters
MiIlard Passwaters
Frank Richardson
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

Bob Scorah
Earl Shane
Harvey Singleton
Ray Slaughter
Donald Thornley,
Ra ph Walton
Charlie Wheatman
Herman White
Bill Willis
Bill Willis, Jr.
Dickie WooIeyhan
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
Manger Once Pagan Site

most, a visit to the Grotto of
the Nativity = additionally,
at least, the manger where
Christ was born.
Opposition to Christianity in
the first years of the new rel
igion actually led to the pre-
servation of the manger =
an improvised stable in a cave
hewn out of rock, near the center
of the hill town of Bethlehem.
The Roman emperor Hadri-
an, who ruled from III to 1873
AID, sought to halt the fast
spread of Christianity, and he
had the cave converted to a
grotto for the worship of the
pagan god Apollo. The very
fact that the cave was marked
though for pagan purposes,
helped to preserve knowledge
of the site of the Nativity.
Later a silver star was set in
the stone floor of the cave, and
since 1873 each regime to rule
bethlehem = now a part of
Jordan = has posted night and
day guard over the star.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
Times Have Changed but Shepherds
Still Watch Over Sheep at Night

Sheep and sheepherding are
CLOSELY linked with the Christ
mas story, and they also serve
.as a symbol of the kindness
and loving care that was part
of Christ's message to man
kind.
When darkness falls on
christmas Eve, today's sheep
|herder is watching his flocks
by night and, probably, look
ing at the stars in the heavens,
JUST as the shepherds of old
did.
There are some differences
for instance, the sheep
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

herder on the Western ranges
of the u. S. has changed the
shepherds robes for Lewis, and
the flocks he watches are much
larger, numbering sheep by the
thousands. But the meaning of
shepherd = ''to herd, guard,
lead" says a dictionary de-
finition = hasn't changed.
Sheep still must be watched
by night, because, for some
reason known only to the sheep
night is the time they are most
likely to decide to roam to
faraway places. In sudden
storms, the sheep-herder, his
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
Remembers
Bethlehem

20 Little Town Of Bethle-
hem", U. S. carol, was written
by Episcopal Bishop Phillips
Brooks in 1868, while he was
rector Of Holy Trinity Church
in Philadelphia, Pa.
On trip to the Holy Land
TWO years earlier, he had seen
the 'little town of Bethlehem"
on Christmas Eve, and the WV
Id memory Of this scene later
led to the writing of the carol.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
Carols Spring
From Many
Sources

From the first angelic cho-
rus, Glory to God In the High
est" the sound of voices raised
in song and rejoicing for the
birth of Christ swells across
the ages. Today, carols from
many lands and many epochs
fill the air at holiday time.
Sources of some carols are
lost in the past, but many can
be traced to interesting ori-
gins.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
''Silent Night

A broken organ inspired
"Silent Night. So that the
people of the parish might have
song at Christmas, Father
Joseph Mohr, an Austrian
priest, wrote the carol, and his
organist composed the music.
1t was sung on Christmas Eve,
1918, to guitar accompaniment.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

Gathered in the Church of
the Nativity, thousands of
Christians from around the
world will worship In Bethle-
hem this Christmas. A high
light of their pilgrimage is, for
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
Deck the Halls

Expressing the merriment of
Christmas, 'Deck the Hall with
Boughs Of Holly" is an Eng
lish carol set to an old Welsh
air. 1t refers to such ancient
traditions as the Blazing
Yule" log.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

horse and dog must guide the
flock to shelter.
The ailing sheep or the new
born lamb are sure of the
herder's gentle care, and when
part of the flock has strayed,
he searches with a diligence
that recalls the parable Of
Jesus:
"What man of you, having a
hundred sheep, If he lose one
of them, doth not leave the
ninety and nine in the wilder
ness, and 60 after tnar which
is lost, until he finds "(Luke
1874.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24
aaaa.assa..a...a

Acute respiratory infections
are the most frequent cause
of sickness. Christmas Seals
fight respiratory diseases.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

Most familiar of many
rhrismas carols originating In
Germany, 20 Tannenbaum, "or
20 Christmas Tree" eel
ebrates the evergreen as an
emblem of immortality. 1t has
added familiarity in the U.S.,
since the tune is used for SER
eral college songs and for the
state song, Maryland, My
Maryland.
MERRY, Gentlemen
An old English carol that
sometimes suffers from COM
ma out of place is "God Rest
You Merry, Gentlemen. The
meaning is not God rest you,
merry gentlemen, but God
keep you merry, gentlemen.
''Herald Angels Sing
Charles Wesley, who during
his lifetime Q707-l78S) wrote
hundreds of hymns, was in
spired to write ''Hark, the
Herald Angels Sing" as he walk
ed to church on Christmas day
and heard the London church
bells chime.
Clan Carlo Menotti's opera,
"Amahl and the Night Visi-
tors" was inspired by the story
of the Three Kings of Orient.
Smyrna times., 1963-12-24

Bob AIfree
Larry Armstrong
Abe bigger
Ralph Billings
Tommy Billings
Dan BIoxom
Joan Bradley
Merritt Brown
Irwin Burton
Harry CIendanieI
Jimmy CIough
Allen Emerson
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Objects to Ruling

in expressing my feelings at
the officials CALL" he said.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Giants Ace
Becomes Sd
To Win %

While the Dodgers and
Cardinals were opening their
big series in st. Louis last
night, Pitcher Juan Marichal
of the Giants furthered his bid
to become baseball'S winning
est pitcher of the year.
Marichal allowed six hits
over the route and famed
seven in a 4-3 victory over
Milwaukee's Tony Cloninger.
Orlando Cepeda hit his 31st
homer for the winning run in
the fifth.
That gave Marichal his 23d
victory. Sandy Koufax of the
Dodgers and Whitley Ford of
the Yankees also have won %.
In the only other game
played, Bob Veale pitched a
two-hitter and Bill Mazeroski
drove in the only run with a
single in the last of the ninth
as the Pirates topped the Cubs
and Larry Jackson, 10.
Evening star., 1963-09-17
Yunks Send
Muris Home
ToGet Rest

MINNEAPOLIS, Sept. II
(AP).-The Yankees sent slug
ger Roger Maris back to New
York yesterday for rest and
examinations due to a back all
ment in the area of the sac
roiliac. Maris has been out of
action since Sept. II and has
appeared in only So games this
season.
Although Maris is expected
to be ready for the World
Series opening October ., his
continued injuries may handi-
cap him. The Yankees reason
that it would be better to have
him resting in New York, where
he will be examined by DR.,
Sidney Gaynor. the club rhy-
sician, than making the one
day trip to Cleveland for a
game today. The Yanks are
idle tomorrow and Thursday
before returning to Yankee Sta
diun to finish the schedule.
Maris has hit .265 and has a
total of % home runs and SO
runs batted in for the season