davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Weapon Carriers

Commissioner Tobriner's move to
lower the boom on the carriers of con-
cealed weapons is all to the good-as
far as 1t goes.
The Commissioner acted after six
men, all armed, had been arrested in
a four-hour period at one Northeast
street corner. He instructed the police,
over whom he, has Jurisdiction, to be
diligent in seeking out such offenders,
and he urged prosecutor and judges,
over whom he does not have jurisdic-
ton, to recognize the. gravity of carry
ing concealed weapons, and to treat
offenders accordingly.
One should not expect too much
from this effort, however. In the first
place, five of the six men arrested were
drunk and the sixth, with knife in hand,
was chasing another man In a personal
feud. People such as these undoubtedly
have potential for harm, but they are
not the ones who constitute the real
menace in this community.
The armed criminal who is bent
upon robbery, assault or what have you
generally is not drunk. He may be
dope addict, but he is not likely to be
staggering along the street or otherwise
engaged in some obvious law violation
which would justify his arrest for cause.
He goes about his vicious business fur
lively, and he is the more dangerous
for it. Until recently, in some circum-
stances, he might have been arrested
on suspicion, taken to police station
and searched. New regulations issued
by the Commissioners, however, require
that the police make arrests only on
probable cause"-that is, when they
have reason to believe that particular
individual has committed a particular
crime. So 1t would be unwise to expect
a great deal from this latest crack
down" 1t should serve to round up such
as the armed drunks, but it will be of
little or no help in coping with the
truly dangerous criminal who roams the
streets armed with knife, gun or other
concealed weapon.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Civil Servants Woes

1t is unfortunate that the
worthwhile aspects Of the re-
cent pay raise for Govern
ment employees had to be Off
set by the unforeseen shot
gun placed in the hands Of
certain supervisors. I refer to
the part pertaining to the in
grade increase which now is
received or denied - depend
ing on the sole recommended
ton of a supervisor. A new
form Of discrimination has
arisen. The subordinate in
many cases has no opportu-
nifty to show improvement;
his boss keeps him on routine
duties, ignores his potentials.
Thus the time spent in the
same position at the same
level of performance receives
no consideration. And what
of the prejudiced supervisor
land he exists who has just
been waiting for an opportu-
nifty to penalize an employe
who has curried his disfa-
vor? Morale has slithered to
a new low In more than one
agency. This miscarriage of
justice should be corrected
now.
Margherita Martin.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Gen. Walker Cleared

The Department of Justice appears
to have reached the end of the road in
its attempt to prosecute former Major
General Edwin A. Walker in connection
with last years riot at the University of
Mississippi
This has been a strange business.
After his appearance on the campus
during the riot, in the course of which
he made disputed speech, General
Walker was charged with inSurrection,
SeditiouS conspiracy, conspiracy to i'm
pede and injure officers of the United
States, and with aSSaulting, resisting
and impeding officers. 1t sounded pretty
serious-and for time it was.
After being assured he would be
released upon posting 100000 bond, an
excessive sum, General Walker was
flown from Mississippi to a Federal
prison hospital in Missouri. When he
got there, he learned for the first time
that he was to be held for mental
examination for a period of from so
to 80 days, and that he would not be
released on bond.
This stemmed from a decision in
Washington, presumably in the Depart
ment of Justice. A prison psychiatrist
in the Nations Capital forwarded a
flimsy affidavit to the United States
Attorney in Mississippi, who in turn
presented 1t to a Federal Judge. The
latter thereupon signed an order direct
ing that General Walker be held for
examination to determine whether he
was mentally competent to stand trial.
Thus, man who had been assured in
Mississippi that he would be eligible for
bond in Missouri found himself, instead,
in a mental institution-and this on the
basis of a statement by psychiatrist
who had never examined him and a
ruling by Federal judge who had never
seen him.
In this situation, there would have
been little hope for a man without
friends or means. General Walker, how
ever, was able to obtain writ of habeas
corpus and then post his bond, which
had been reduced to $4,000.
In due course he was returned to
Mississippi and found competent to
stand trial by the same Judge who had
committed him. incidentally, this judge,
who had not seen General Walker prior
to the commitment, said his observation
of the man at the subsequent sanity
hearing convinced him he was compe-
tent TO stand trial-which, Of course, he
was.
The next step was for the Govern
ment to present the charges and It's
evidence to Federal grand Jury. The
jurors refused to return any indictment
against the former general, and now the
charges have been dropped.
Unless new evidence should be
turned up, this, we suppose, ends the
case against General Walker. But he
can consider himself lucky. He could
be just getting out Of, or even still be
confined in, Federal mental hospital.
And this on the basis Of something a
Government psychiatrist had read In
the newspapers and deduced from cer-
tain unidentified sources.
Evening star., 1963-01-24

lcal factions. There has been evidence
that the peasant class is strongly in
favor Of the Shah's renewed vigor in
pressing these economic and political
changes, and that the vote will go that
way.
This is matter of real interest to
the United States. With all its troubles,
Iran has managed throughout the post
war period to stand up against numerous
Communist Enthusiastically and in
ternally. Our military and economic aid
has been large. But of the Shah'S over
all program and his energetic personal
efforts to implement 1t, our present di-
rector of aid in Iran, Robert M. Macy,
has said: "This is self-help at its best"
This is more convincing testimony than
the slogans on picket posters on MaSsa-
chuSetts avenue.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Moscow-Pekinq Plot

The so-called "split" be-
tween the Soviet Union and
Red China coupled with the
recent Chinese aggression in
India is, in my opinion, a
carefully contrived opera
ton to weaken American
Western European unity.
Reports from France indicate
that DeGaulle is now con-
vinced that the Soviets will be
forced to join with Western
Europe in common defense
against a threatening" Asia.
Such an East-West alliance
would destroy NATO and
neutralize most Of Western
Europe.
Add to this the present
Communist domination Of
Asia and the danger Of fur
ther Red conquests in South
America. Each step is design
ed to advance the grand
strategy of international
communism - the encircle-
ment of America.
Carl w. May
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Progress of Mors-1

Your science writer, w.
Hines, concluded his recent
report about the latest So
Wet space probe with the
statement that nothing def
mite about the progress of
the space probe has been
forthcoming since late No
vember, when the Russians
reported it on course and
working properly"
Laconic but fairly precise
reports about the flight of
"Mars-1," as they call this
probe, are publis d in
"Pravda" and "Izvestia" at
least once each week. The
latest bulletin appeared on
January 8.
Earlier reports we're issued
January 2, December 26, and
December 20. On December
IS, Pravda carried an article
almost a full page long giving
a very detailed description of
Mars-1 accompanied by two
fairly clear photos (front
view and rear view of this
probe, two schematic dia-
grams of its construction
(side view and top view) and
diagrams of its orbit. One Of
the latter shows positions of
the probe relative to the earth
and Mars at different points
of its journey from the be-
ginning to the moment of the
probes nearest approach to
Mars.
Remaining on its present
trajectory. the space probe
would pass the planet Mars
about June "a at a distance
Of some 10000 miles from
the latter. The probe, how
ever, carries a special mech
anism, which will be switched
on by a signal from the earth
when the probe will be ap-
preaching its target and this
will correct its course so that
the probe will pass within
5000 miles Of the planet.
The fact that the publica-
ton in mid-December Of such
a highly informative article
has been almost completely
overlooked is not too surpris-
ing. Intentionally or not,
publication Of this article CO.
incided with the reports on our
own Mariner-2 bound for We
nus, which was our first un-
questionably outstanding and
highly successful first" In
cosmic space research. Per-
haps, II was only natural that
our attention was absorbed
by 1t TO the extent of our be-
coming nearly deaf and blind
TO anything else.
G. G.. Nikiforoff
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Absentee Dissenters

The Iranian students who have been
striking" their Embassy on MasSachu-
setts avenue probably are much like stu
dents the world over. They are more
against" than "for."
In this case the students are against
theil Shah, on grounds that do not sound
very convincing, and for DR.. Mohammed
Mossadegh, on grounds that are mex
plicable. DR.. MosSadegh, now in his 80s,
spent some fearful and tempestuous
months as Premier Of Iran more than
10 years ago and is currently reported
living quietly under house arrest in
Teheran. He made real mess of things
as Premier, including the confiscation
and shutdown Of oil-producing facilities
and driving the country to the verge
Of bankruptcy. After DR.. Mossadegh
was ousted, consortium of Western
oil companies came in to operate the
industry on a $3.50 division OF profits
with the government. This arrange
ment has since been used as a model
for other international oil operations
and is generally considered fair to all
parties.
Il Paradoxically, the student protests
here amount to opposition against the
very reforms which Iran still needs so
badly. Most prominent Of the reforms
is a redistribution OF agricultural lands
on which II million Iranians earn their
living, but which have been owned
by handful Of wealthy and powerful
families. The youthful Shah, who has
incidentally been stout friend Of the
West, already has set the program
in peration-despite resistance from
many Of the great landowners and from
urban intellectuals who apparently pre-
fer revolution TO reform.
To facilitate his efforts the Shah
has called for a national referendum on
Saturday. At that time, the people will
have opportunity TO vote not only on
the land program but on new election
and education laws, and to give the Shah
authority TO bypass obstructionist polit-
-
Evening star., 1963-01-24
FBI Building Desiqn

I find 1t most interesting
that our deservedly celebrated
head Of the FBI indicates his
displeasure at installing
places Of business in the first
floor Of the contemplated
new FBI building on the
north side Of Pennsylvania
avenue, between Ninth and
Tenth streets NV, and per-
haps no more will be heard
Of that constructive sugges-
ton because it violates the
esthetic senses Of Mr.. Hoover.
I wonder If consideration
will be given now whether
installing business on the first
floor Of this new building
would permanently reduce
expense Of said building to
the taxpayer by so much as
the rental income from said
business installations would
enable 1t to: whether sales
taxes. If they are not uncon-
stitutional in such Federal
property, would not be help
ful to District revenues;
whether employment in such
places Of business would
not beneficially contribute to
the Districts economy, and
whether such places Of busi-
ness would not afford pleas
ure. profit and convenience
to the Government personnel,
the District citizen and the
Washington visitor.
I think it's fine that we
hallow the abodes of our Fed
eral Government, but it seems
to me that Government func-
ton and life need not divorce
themselves from each other
in order to maintain the
dignity and contribute to the
well-being of both. If money
can be saved the Federal and
District taxpayers by install
ling business in the first
floors of Federal buildings,
surely plans can be made to
install such with architectural
dignity and render service
to the Federal and District
taxpayers and contribute to
the well-being Of our Nation
and our community. Hurrah
for Mr.. Hoover as an FBI
head, but do not let that
hurrah go to our heads in
considering the suggestion of
installing business IN the
ground floor of the new FBI
building.
Milton Hoffman.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
'S0th Birthday

Your editorial, "B0th Birth
day." must have brought
forth many a hearty guffaw
from your thousands OF read
ers who have had even a
passing acquaintance with
the operations Of the merit"
system.
The fact that 80 per cent
OF all Federal workers fall
within the competitive serv-
ice is something less than
meaningless, when it is con-
sidered that the more desir-
able jobs, that is, those paying
high salaries, are still filled
on the basis Of "who-do-you-
know" rather than on the
principle Of merit.
Congressman still persist
In championing"the cause Of
favorite constituents, par
ticularly those who have
helped elect them, and II is
no secret TO the vast majority
Of Federal employees In WASH
ington that some eligible"
lists are entirely devoted 10
making appointments Of
those In the know" Ma
turally. these lists are used
TO fill the highest-paying
Jobs.
II therefore came as no
shock 10 anyone that the New
Frontier was busily engaged
In shaking down the upper
crust Of Government society,
TO the tune OF 500 a man.
Considering the "meritorious"
manner In which many Of
them obtained their positions,
they can only expect to have
TO pay tribute 10 the politi-
clans who placed them.
The "spoils system" at
least, pretended 10 be moth
ing more, and so Is not guilty
Of the sin Of hypocrisy, which
characterizes the prevailing
merit system.
M. l.. Sellers.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Good Show

In light Of all the recent
comments on our local
Thanksgiving Day fiasco at
d. c. Stadium. this is going
to sound like a voice in the
wilderness. But / think ev-
eryone who read that tragic
account should know Of an
other event which took place
about the same time. 1t was
a press conference with Red
skin Bobby Mitchell. spon-
sored by the Downtown ID. G.
Junior Chamber of Commerce,
About 300 high school and
junior high school students
from the Metropolitan area
assembled at the National
Press Club on a cold. rainy
Saturday afternoon. and this
40 per cent Negro audience
interviewed the football star
for nearly two hours. They
worked together In asking ex-
cellent questions and prepar-
ing extensive notes for the
Bobby Mitchell feature story
contest To follow
Those Of us responsible for
this project and the local
sportswriters and announcers
at our head table that day
were pleasantly surprised on
two accounts:
First Of all, the audience
turned out 10 be one OF the
most mature groups OF young
adults we have ever met.
They weren't just inteRrated.
They we're Of one mind and
one heart. They had a COM
mon objective and not one
failed II.
Our second surprise was
Bobby Mitchell. He Is a most
articulate gentleman who
captured the spirit OF the
gathering and carried II 10 a
satisfying conclusion with
the help OF the NC. Eddie
Gallaher.
The intelligent uues-
tioning at the confer
ence and the evolution
Of some excellent feature ar
ticles has given this writer a
greater confidence IN these
young people. President Ken
nedy's press conferences are
no more professional than
this one was As q matter of
fact, next year. we hope 10
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Space to Spy?

SO the Russian Embassy
needs more room and wants
10 move 10 the suburbs, where
there will be ample space. II
they were back in their own
country, they would manage
with considerably less space
than they now have In their
Sixteenth street location; IN
fact they probably would be
very content with 25 per cent
OF their present space. The
truth Is they want 10 get
away from constant surveil-
lance BY moving 10 the area
for which they are negotiat-
ing, they can carry out their
plots and espionage free from
prying eyes. A. l.. Beall.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Spocemen Subjected to Freeze or Fry

condition reached once he is
beyond the gravitational pull
Of the earth?
This is one Of the real
problems of space explora-
ton. To date the condition
has been experienced only
quite briefly by both Ameri-
cans and Russians, seemingly
without bad effects. Long ex-
posures may be quite differ
ent and now are being studied
at the Air Forces Wright Air
Development Center.
Several attempts at simula-
ton at the earth's surface
are being made. The first
tried was an air-bearing plat
form. A circulating metal
platform, held in place by a
spindle, is supported on COM
pressed air which allows 1t to
revolve freely with little or
no friction. Even though very
imperfect, this pointed out
some Of the problems of hui
man performance under ex-
tended weightlessneSs.
Sophisticated Methods
For instance, without any
force on man due to gravity,
a space traveller would need
some means of controlling
his movements If he were to
leave his vehicle to make re-
pairs. A reaction pistol,
which would blast him in one
direction by pointing 1t in
the opposite direction has
been suggested. This would
be an extremely delicate OPP
Grafton, however.
Now, says an Air Force re-
port, more sophisticated meth
DDS Of weightlessness simula-
tion have been achieved.
Simple tasks such as replac-
ing radio tubes OF turning a
screw driver are being stud
led, as we'll as the position
Of the hands TO make these
simple tasks possible.
Significant are the rela-
tions Of mass 10 weight. Re-
gardless Of size, ore object
weighs as much as another
in a weightless condition.
One moving object, however,
will have a greater impact
than another. depending on
mass. Tests are being given
TO determine how well men
can discriminate between
masses under weightless con-
ditions.
Weightless flights lasting
up 10 Is seconds have been
flown repeatedly with a spe-
cially devised plane. More
than 500 zero gravity flights
have been made in this plane
during which the psycholog-
lists floated, studied the ef-
fects Of somersarllts. walked
on the ceiling and tried SIM
pie maintenance tasks. 3
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Constructive Report

High praise is due Star
staff writer David Broder for
his brilliant and incisive arti-
Gle, "GOP Voices Oddly Mute. 4"
Such reporting jobs are
tremendously constructive.
Let's have more Of the same.
Richard c. Peet
Evening star., 1963-01-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry writers' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1963-01-24
Open Mind

On January IT, The Star
included me In a list of IA
House members who ire
portedly" oppose home rule
for Washington. D. c.. while
at the same time stating I
have taken no stand on this
issue publicly.
1t is a rather novel as
sumption that anyone who
has not come out in favor
of something is automatical-
ly against it. 1t would not
surprise me If a majority of
the members of Congress
approach this in the same
manner that l do: with an
entirely open mind.
Stanley r. Tupper
Member of Congress,
Maine
Evening star., 1963-01-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
Once More Into the Bay of Pigs
By GOULD LINCOLN

tor said he had visited the
President at his request a few
days after the invasion at
tempt and he added: II cer-
tainly got the impression
then that an air cover had
been part of the original in
vasion plan. i suggest 1t Is
proper to inquire into this
latest example of news man
agement' by the New From
tier. Has this practice Of the
administration now been ex-
tended to the rewriting Of his
tory in an image acceptable
to the men presently IN
charge of the national gov
ernment?" In fact, Senator
Goldwater charged that the
most recent Kennedy state,
ments were motivated by po-
litical reasons, the purpose
being to attach a major por-
ton of the blame to the Ell
senhower administration.
The Arizona Senator told
the Senate he believed that a
Congressional investigation
should be made. His sugges-
ton was later adopted by the
Republican Policy Committee
Of the Senate on motion Of
Senator Dirksen of Illinois,
Republican leader Of the Sem
ate. Mr.. Dirksen has said
that he personally will take a
preliminary look and report
to the committee. 1t is diff
cult for a minority party IN
the Senate and House to con-
duct a full-fledged investiga-
ton of an antagonistic ad-
ministration, or to force a
committee of the Senate to
conduct such an inquiry. 1t
has been done on occasion,
however. For example, the in
vestigation Of the Teapot
Dome oil scandals by the late
Senator Tom Walsh Of Mon
tana, Democrat, during the
Harding administration.
Much to be Cleared Up
There remain a lot Of
things to be cleared up - and
not brushed under the rug
in the Bay Of Pigs abortive
invasion Of Castro's Cuba. If
reports are correct, the United
States gathered a great ar
ray of naval and air strength
in the vicinity Of the Isle Of
Pines and Cuba at the time
set for the invasion. For what
purpose If 1t had not origin
ally been intended to use It?
When and for what reason
were the original plans
changed? President Kennedy,
himself, in discussing his first
two years in the White House
on a television program on
December II freely admitted
that the advice he received
from those called in on the
Cuban invasion had been
wrong" He was contrasting
the handling of the Bay of
Pigs affair with the successful
naval blockade of Cuba in
1862. He said: "In the Cuba
of 1861, the advice Of those
brought in on the Executive
branch was also unanimous.
and the advice was wrong.
And I was responsible" 1t
has still to be disclosed who
were all of those brought in
and just what they advised.
It is time the whole story
were told the American peo-
pie.
Evening star., 1963-01-24

entice the President to be our
second personality.
Ronald d. Albrecht,
Chairman, Jaycee Junior
Journalism Committee.
Evening star., 1963-01-24

The most complete studies
ever made of mans tolerance
of heat and Of temperature
changes now are under way
at the Air Forces Wright Air
Development Center.
A chamber now is under
construction where it will be
possible to produce a tenn
perature change from so F.
to 500 F. in four minutes, a
wind velocity that can be
changed from two to 100 miles
an hour, and an altitude
range from sea level to 10000
feet.
1t will be possible to heat
a man on one side and freeze
him on the other, Stimulating
a condition that may be en-
countered in space. While
walls are at a high tempera-
ture, a cold wind can be
blown on him.
To date temperatures as
high as 300 F. have been at
tanned in other chambers. At
that temperature, 1t has been
found, a man in good physi-
cal condition can perform for
10 minutes without clothes is
minutes at 24O F. in flying
clothing and the same heat
indefinitely with the latest
heat protective clothing. The
scientists believe that with
a ventilated garment a man
can Withstand a cockpit tenn
perature OF 240 F. indefi-
nitely with protective cloth
ing.
Orbiting Problem
Heat, they say, should be a
problem only Of exit and re-
entry into the earth's atmos-
phere on any space flight.
From acceleration studies
these periods should be very
brief. While orbiting a We
hicle could be very hot on
one side and below freezing
on the other. but a rotating
vehicle may do away with
this problem.
To study pulsing heat
loads. such as might be en-
countered In re-entry, a small
chamber was constructed. A
nude man. when the temper
ature was raised so F. a min
ute. reached a peak OF 230
degrees, while at a rise OF
400 F. a minute he withstood
a peak OF 400 F. Lightly
clothed. he could withstand
$50 F. while In heavy Arctic
clothing he went TO 500 r.
No higher temperatures
were tried because Of danger
Of igniting the clothing.
How long can a man en-
dure weighing nothing-a