davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Cuban Revolt
Is Viewed
As Unlikely

MIAMI, Fla, Aug. 81 (AP).-
An American Red Cross official
who was in Cuba during the
prisoner exchange said yester-
day he couldn't conceive" Of an
international uprising against
the Fidel Castro government.
On the contrary. Ralph J.
Mitchell told members Of the
Dade County Red Cross Ex-
ecutive Committee, the Cuban
government is getting stronger
every day.
Mr.. Mitchell spent six months
in the Cuban capital, handling
$50 million worth of goods
promised by the Red Cross to
the Castro government in ex-
change for prisoners.
During this time, he said
there was plenty of time for him
to observe that Cuba's economy
cannot necessarily be explained
in terms Of food shortages and
mechanical breakdowns.
"Ships from Communist
countries are bringing all the
parts and every imaginable
weapon" Mr.. Mitchell said.
Il hate to tell you this, but
the people are growing stronger
every day.
For the first time in their
lives many are living in concrete
homes instead Of shacks," he
said. Who's going to stir up
an uprising in a situation like
this?"
Mr.. Mitchell said he had
many problems with the Cuban
government when 1t threatened
to refuse to accept some of the
supplies. In all. he recounted,
1t took nine ships and SO cargo
planes to complete the transfer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Pentagon's Top Scientist
Sees ests Unnecessary

field suggested that inter-serv-
ice rivalry might explain the
fact that the Air Force has
shown less support for the
treaty than the other military
branches. DR.. Brown said that
some Air Force people may feel
frustrated by the test ban but
he was convinced that the over
all national security would be
served by ratifying the treaty.
Treaty Satisfies Army a
DR.. Brown pointed out that
although the Air Force seems
most concerned about the anti
ballistic missile system, the
Army which has responsibility
in this area is satisfied with
the test pan treaty.
He explained that periodic
meetings are held with Army
and civilian experts in this
field and all these people
"belieye the test ban treaty
will not prejudice their work."
Senator Kuchel, Republican
Of California, asked DR.. Brown
about DR.. Teller's claims that
the test ban treaty would
prevent the development of an
operational ABM system and
would be a "first step to war;
because it would undermine the
probability Of Americas retalia-
tory capabilities.
IT disagree" DR.. Brown said.
II have known DR.. Teller eleven
years. He is a personal asso-
ciate and a close personal
friend. I have had and do
have deep personal respect for
him. On this matter we dis.
agree. He thinks I'm wrong
and I think he's wrong. 49,
Another of DR.. Teller's reser.
vations was that the treaty
would prevent the United States
from gaining knowledge on the
effect a nuclear explosion would
have on its underground missile
sites which are supposed I'd
serve as a retaliatory force IN
case of attack. Would their
concrete casing, for instance,
Withstand a high yield nuclear
explosion? <s
DR.. Brown said it is true that
further atmospheric testing
might provide some useful IN
formation on this subject, but
stated that any uncertainty
could be compensated for by
designing around" the problem.
By this he meant that many
more missile sites than would
be necessary to destroy the
Soviet Union are being con-
structed with builtin projections
against Soviet weapons that are
probably not as accurate or as
powerful as the sites are de-,
signed against.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
PRINCE EDWARD

Continued From Page Al
students at Mary Branch
School. where she formerly
taught.
The registration, which will
be continued through Friday, is
being carried out in the school
where the movemnt for inte-
grafton was begun in 1851
Prince Edward County was one
of the four jurisdictions In
volved in the suits which led to
the Supreme Courts 1854 de-
cision against segregate d
schooling.
When the Prince Edward
movement was started, the
school now known as Mary E
Branch Elementary was the
Motion High School. students
began a demonstration In
which the original issue was
equal facilities but the move
ment later became one for de-
segregation.
After the suit was filed in
Federal court, Prince Edward
County built a new million
dollar high school for Negroes
and called 1t Motion High.
Layer of Dust
When the doors of Mary
Branch Elementary were open
ed for registration today. q
heavy layer of dust was over
the seats and tables.
The Rev. L. Francis Griffin
leader Of the Prince Edward
Negro movement and now State
NAACP president, said that the
only activity carried on at the
school in the past four years
was a carnival on the ground.
last year.
Among those at the registra-
ton today was DR.. Robert Lee
Williams, a manpower techni.
clan assistant for youth for the
Department Of Labor. He ha;
been detailed to the Depart.
ment Of Justice and the Office
Of Education temporarily as ar
adviser on the Prince Edwarc
situation.
He said that considerable
data has been collected on mos
Of the students through inter,
views. Many OF them also have
been tested, which will help II
assigning them to proper
grades.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21

the ground. He said more tests
in the air are necessary to
catch up with the Russians
Such information is vital to
developing an ABM system.
DR.. Brown said, however
that Russia and the United
States have about the same in
formation, but that neither side
has sufficient knowledge to
perfect a system yet.
Regarding an anti-ballistic
system generally, DR.. Brown
repeated the administrators
contention that the most i'm
nortant elements ARE design OF
radar, missiles and data
processing system" None Of
these, he said, depends in de-
tail on developing nuclear war
heads.
Further tests in the atmos-
phere, as urged by DR.. Teller,
would have an important but
not decisive influence on system
design" DR.. Brown said.
He stressed that offensive
systems have considerable ad-
vantage over defensive systems
He did not go as far as Presi-
dent Kennedy has in stating
that an effective system is i'm
possible to develop, but en-
phasized that the United States
is confident it can break
Through any Soviet system.
Calls Teller Mistaken
In answer to a direct ques-
ton by Senator Humphrey,
Democrat of Minnesota, wheth-
er DR.. Teller was correct in
saying the Russians were
ahead, DR.. Brown said, II do
not believe we are behind"
DR.. Brown also told Senator
Humphrey that DR.. Teller was
mistaken in accusing the adj
ministration of limiting the
number Of tests it made in 1862
because of political conSidera-
ton" about the rate of fallout
that might be produced.
DR.. Brown said he was a
member of a subcommittee of
the National Security Council
which decided what kind and
how many tests to carry out.
He said the considerations were
based on technical reasons and
that in fact more tests were
carried out than had even been
planned.
Asked by Senator Humphrey
if he agreed with the number
of tests that were held, DR..
Brown said he did and pointed
out that in the past two years
the United States has held 1873
tests both underground and in
the atmosphere. In the 10
years before that only 100 tests
were carried out.
Senate Majority Leader Mans
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
TREATY

Continued From Page Al
tinue our nuclear developments
and remain prepared, and that
indeed it could enhance our
strategic superiority compared
with unlimited testing, I find
the arguments for it on broader
grounds persuasive and I fully
support its ratification"
DR.. Brown said that If fully
observed, the treaty would
actually improve somewhat
the position Of the United
States vis-a-vis the Soviet
Union as compared with a
situation where both sides are
not bound by treaty to refrain
from tests in the prohibited
AREAS" He continued:
II speak here Of the military
technical situation, and omit
effects on other powers than
ourselves and the Soviets. AS
Stunning that the Soviets cheat
to the maximum extent pos
sible, and that they suddenly
violate the treaty openly, they
could still not obtain, in my
Judgment, any substantial mill
tary gain relative to the United
States compared with the stu
alton in which both sides test
without restriction"
Reasons Cited
He said any Soviet gains from
cheating would be small be-
cause Of:
/. The very low yield which
surface, atmospheric, and near
space tests would have to be
for a violator to hope to escape
detection.
2. The elaborate prepara-
tons and equipment necessary
for useful effects tests (the
only good reason for clandes-
tine atmospheric tests, which
makes them highly subject to
detection by conventional in
telligence."
8. The legality of under
ground tests, which removes
the motive for deep space tests
for yield so high they are likely
to be detected"
4. United States determine
ton to be prepared to resume
atmospheric testing on short
notice If necessary.
Probably because Of DR.: Tel
ler'S lengthy discussion of the
anti-missile system, DR.. Brown
devoted a considerable portion
Of the opening statement to
this complex subject.
Sees Information Vital
One of DR.. Teller's arguments
was that Russia has more in
formation on the effects of
nuclear explosions on commu-
nications systems, radar net
works and nuclear weapons on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Kennedy Sisters
Go to Bucharest

BUDAPEST. Hungary, Aug.
81 tAP).-Mrs. Peter Lawford
and Mrs. Stephen Smith, two
Of President Kennedy's sisters,
left Budapest for Bucharest,
Romania. by car yesterday
after a two-day tourist visit to
the Hungarian capital, the
United States Legation here
announced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Birmingham Bombing
Sets Off Negro Rioting

BIRMINGHAM, Ala, Aug. 81
(AP).-Seething racial tensions
exploded with new violence last
night and left Birmingham
fearful of still more trouble
when its schools desegregate
two weeks from today.
A dynamite bomb ripped
away part Of the fashionable
home of a Birmingham Negro
attorney, and minutes later
groups of Negroes roamed the
streets, hurting rocks at police
and passersby.
No one was injured in the
bombing at the home of Arthur
D. Shores, an active participant
In the long struggle against
segregation. Two policemen
were struck by rocks, but were
not believed seriously hurt.
Two Negroes were jailed on
charges of rock-throwing and
another for carrying a gun.
Order Finally Restored
Police Chief Jamie Moore
said his officers. with the help
of deputies from the Sheriff's
office, broke up the rock
throwing crowds and restored
order two and a half hours
after the bomb tore a four foot
hole in a corner of Mr.. Shores
garage, which is attached to
the eight-room brick house.
A Cadillac parked in the ga
rage was damaged.
Mr.. Shores was alone in the
house, watching televiSion in a
bedroom and waiting for his
family to return from a movie.
Someone probably would have
been injured if the family had
been at home, the attorney
said. because we'd have been
in the playroom near where the
bomb went off,"
The force of the blast left
the lawn, driveway and interior
of the house Uttered with glass,
roofing and splintered wood.
The explosion was heard miles
away.
The Shores home is situated
in North Birmingham.
Negro ministers, including the
Rev. A. D. King, whose own
home was dynamited in an
other bombing three months
ago, climbed to the top of a
police car to plead with the
shouting Negro mob to dis
perSe.
IF you are going to kill
someone, kill me-" shouted Mr..
King, whose brother, the Rev.
DR.. Martin Luther King, jr., is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
WET NAM

Continued From Page Al
could command wide support
among the Wet Namese peo-
pie. In the meantime. their
first priority has been and
still is the fight against the
Communists.
High-ranking United States
authorities stated today that
there is no thought Of the
United States abandoning it's
large scale effort to help push
the long and bitter drive
against the Reds to a success
full conclusion.
Although normal communica-
tons were cut, the United
States and other embassies in
Saigon got some word out to
their governments.
Shooting Reported
The South Korean Foreign
Ministry in Seoul said there hao
been some shooting and arrests
in the Wet Namese capital ano
described the martial law proc
lamation as a precautionary
measure.
The japanese Foreign Office
said its embassy reported "the
situation is tense"
Saigon's International Air
port was reported closed tc
commercial traffic at 7 am. fol-
at least "a hours because Of
internal difficulties"
The United States Embassy
In Saigon messaged the United
States Embassy in Tokyo and
the State Department in Wash
ington Of the Diem govern
meUL dCJlOH.
A United States Embassy
spokesman in Tokyo said one
message informed Henry Cabot
Lodge, new United States Am
bassador to South Wet Nam
that embassy employees were
being taken care Of, but made
no reference to United States
citizens in Saigon on private
business.
Mr.. Lodge reached Tokyo to.
day en- route to Saigon to sue
coed Frederick E. Noting, jr.
who is returning to the United
States.
The new ambassador was tC
leave Tokyo Friday by plane
for the Wet Namese capita
but there was some doub'
whether airlines could operate
into Saigon by then. A United
States Air Force spokesman
in Manila said military traffic
was not interfered with.
Although Mr.. Lodge tolc
newsmen the Joint figh
against communism's spread
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Jets Power Vast

CINCINNATI.--An Air Force
B-58's four Jet engines develop
power about equal to that OF
81 diesel locomotives.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Calls on Businessmen

Calls on Businessmen
In urging rapid passage. he
said businessmen whose invest
ment plans are keyed to this
program should be certain that
both steps will become fully
effective by January /, 1865.
The committee-approved bill
calls for tax cuts in two steps,
the larger in 1864.
The President emphasized
that the "sureSt way" to get
away from budget deficits is
quick passage of the tax re-
duction program because it
will result in greater tax rev.
enues to the Government ss a
result of increased national in
come spurred by tax reduc-
tions.
The President also wrote
Chairman Mills that he sees
mo reason for placing any con-
ditions or contingencies on
the effectiveness of the second
phase of the tax reduction
program"
Expresses Confidence
At his press conference, the
President said he could not
see why Congress could not
stay in session long enough to
pass both the tax and civil
rights bills.
He also asserted confidently
that Americas balance of pay
ments problem - arising from
more dollars going abroad than
are coming in - will be con-
quered "by one means or an
other"
When asked how the econ
omy is going, Mr.. Kennedy re-
piled: II would say good"
He added that Federal Re-
serve Board statistical COM
parison using the l957-59 base
as 100. has risen to 1877 now
from ll9 in January.
A reporter had asked the
President about talk on Capitol
Hill that it might be a good
idea to postpone action on both
the ia and the civil-rights bills
until the next session starting
in January.
Fears Effect Of Delay
The President remarked that
II the tax bill were started all
over again in January, 1t might
be May or June or July Of next
year before 1t got to a vote.
and asked: What would hap
pen 10 the economy In the
meanwhile?"
Mr.. Kennedy told another
questioner that he did not be-
lieve the Nations balance Of
payments deficit would be the
largest since World War II, as
might be indicated by Stats
tical data showing the deficit
reached an annual rate Of $50
billion in the second quarter
OF this year.
He said the second quarter
was particularly difficult. and
that since then the indications
are better.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Dixie Governors Okoy
Plan to Boost Industry

The administrators civil
rights bill is irresponsible" be-
cause it reflects an unbridled
effort to cater to a minority
block" Gov. Wallace added.
The Wallace-Barnet pro-
posals will not win a vote, since
they did not clear Gov. Carvel's
resolutions committee, as re-
quired by the rules.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
By q Star staff Writer

w III = OOAr nun Or fC4INGO,
w. Va, Aug. 21.-The Southern
Governors Conference today,
by a unanimous vote, adopted
adopted II resolutions to pro-
mote industrial development
and friendly cooperation below
the MaSon-Dixon Line.
This official business Of the
goth annual meeting Of II
Southern and border State
governors has been overshad-
owed for four days by civil
rights controversies.
Two rebel governors, George
C. Wallace of Alabama and
Ross S. Barnett Of Mississippi,
today filed four anti-integra-
ton proposals, but no vote
was asked.
These resolutions were
doomed yesterday when the
conference changed its rules
to require unanimous consent
to any expression Of conference
sentiment. Deep South COVER
norS had Joined their colleagues
in the unanimity rule, as a
means of blocking border State
moves distasteful to white
supremists.
Ask DenunciatiOn
Without mentioning race, the
two Deep South governors
asked for a denunciation of the
Presidents civil rights program,
of the defense policy permit
ting segregated facilities to be
declared off-limitS, the August
% march in Washington and
liberalization Of troops to en-
force school indignation.
THE people of my State are
not going to tolerate illegal
usurpation Of power by the
Federal government" Gov.
Wallace warned. in my judg-
ment, people all over this
country are fed up with a
Federal Government which
intrudes to the point of re-
gulating their lives each and
every day"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Employment Studies

Adopted by the governors
were demands that:
Federal Government studies
Of educational and employment
opportunities in the South be
handed over to the next
Southern Governors Conference
for study.
Advisers from industry, agri-
culture and labor assist Federal
negotiators in preparing trade
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21

one OF the Nations foremost
indignation leaders.
Another barrage Of rocks
answered his appeal.
Second Outbreak
Police fired rifle and shotgun
blasts into the air to break up
the yelling crowd, estimated by
police at 1000 or more.
After the Negroes finally left,
Chief Moore ordered the area
around the Shores home roped
off to keep bystanders away.
I'VE can make a better exam
nation of the scene in day.
light that way" he explained.
1t was the second outbreak
of bombing and rioting since
Negroes in Birmingham began
an almost-d daily series of mass
anti segregation demonstra-
tons last April 3.
The demonstrations ended
after a bi-racial committee an
nounced an agreement May 10
to comply with some of the
Negroes demands, including in
tegration of some downtown
lunch counters.
But the pent-up racial feel
ings erupted into a wild rioting
the following night after bombs
damaged Mr.. Kings home and
a Negro motel used as a head
quarters for the deSegregation
campaign.
More than so persons were
injured in the outbreak which
ended only after riot-trained
State troopers, who had left
the city only a short time be-
fore, rushed back in.
Racial barriers came down
ultimately at some lunch coun-
tiers. But last Thursday a tear
gas bomb was thrown into a
trash container at Loveman's,
one of the department stores
which agreed to serve Negroes
at its lunch counter.
Twenty-Five persons caught
by the gaseous fumes were
treated at hospitals.
Ordered to Desegregate
Birmingham city schools have
been ordered by the Federal
courts to start desegregation at
the beginning of the fall term
September 4.
The indignation will start
with the 18th grade in high
school.
There have been no open
threats of violence for the
opening Of schools, but the
tear gas incident last week and
the bombing and rioting last
night left Birmingham resi-
dents uneasy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
SOL Treasurer Denied
Motion to Revise Plea

A Montgomery County Cir
cult Judge today denied mo-
tons to withdraw a guilty plea
and reduce a three-year jail
sentence for Morton Lifschutz
who was found guilty Of con-
spiracy in September in con-
nection with the Mutual
Security Savings g. Loan Asso-
citation.
Lifschutz, SO, a Washington
rabbi, last week had requested
reconsideration by the court
on grounds that he didn't fully
understand his attorneys plea
Of no contest in the case.
He was listed as treasurer of
the bankrupt Silver Spring
firm, from which 1000 share
holders are expected to receive
only a few cents on the dollar
in return for their initial total
investment Of $1.3 million.
Lifschutz' present attorney,
his younger brother David, told
Judge Thomas M. Anderson
last Wednesday that the rabbi
thought that the no contest
plea illegally known as "nolo
conendere~ meant that he
was entitled to withdraw his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
AnnunduIe Man
Is Found Dead

A 49-year-old airplane
mechanic was found dead of a
shotgun wound in the head in
his Annandale home Saturday,
police reported. Police ruled the
death a suicide.
Fairfax County police said
Curtis B. Markle was found
dead at about 7 pm. in a front
room of his home at 1900
Gamer street. with a 12-guage
shotgun nearby. Police reported
he had been depressed for
several days.
Mr.. Markell, born In Blue
field. w. Va, had been a
mechanic at the United Air
Lines hangar at National Air
port since 1913.
He leaves his wife Mary, and
daughter Clara Anita, both OF
the home address; another
daughter. Mrs. Darlene Small,
of 4217 Gamer street, AMMAN
dale; a sister, Mrs. Mary E.
Dillon, Of Roanoke, Va; four
brothers, Herbert B., of Lorton,
Robert c., Of Alexandria, Ralph
B., of Salem, Va, and Charles
E., with the Air Force in Peru,
and his step-mother. Mrs. Gym
thia w. Markle of Roanoke.
Services will be at 8 O'Clock
tonight at the Everly- Wheatley
Funeral Home at 1900 West
Bra ddock road, Alexandria.
Burial will be in Christianburg,
Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02

from not understanding each
other.
Il think the more we know
Of each other, the better. 1t 1
not only America. When 1 was
in England, the questions
school children asked made mi
realize they know nothing o.
Russia. DO all the children get
to go to School?' they asked"
Held $4,000 Shows
Mr.. Obratsov Is fond of say,
ing two monkeys brought mi
back to your city" He was herr
SO years ago. the youngest &C.
tor in the Musical Studio o.
the Moscow Art Theater.
II used to carry two toy
monkeys in my coat pocket
that I made myself. I didn'
know than I would be giving
up my acting career to devote
myself to them"
In 30 years he has given 49,.
900 shows and he and his pup.
pets have Travelled to London
Rome, Delhi, Cairo, Halsinki
Berlin, Warsaw, BursSels, the
Far East and The United
States.
Along the way to the United
States, his name became slight
ly Anglicized. BY mistake a e.
was omitted in his name and
since Obratsov was easier to
pronounce than Obraztsov, it
remained that way on all the
ads and posters and on the
theater marquee.
Mr.. Obratsov gave a very I'M
temperamental shrug of his
shoulders and said, That is
nothing. The Chinese pro-
nounce it 'O-bee -la-So-foo."