davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
A Letter From the Birmingham City JAIL
Kings Explanation Of Non-Vio|ent Approach

Last April 8 white reIi-
giOus leaders Of Alabama issued
q public statement o. concern
and caution over the develop
ing demonstrations for Negro
rights. II was directed TO the
Rev. Martin Luther King, jr.,
leader Of various demOnstra-
tons In Alabama and other
States. Several days later MIR.
King answered In a Letter
from Birmingham City Jail" IN
which he gave at considerable
length his philosophy on the
nOn-violent approach 70 the re-
structuring Of our social order.
The text Of the letter has re-
Gently been given circulation
BY the American Friends Serv-
Ice Committee and this h .
compilation Of the main points
rs made by Mr.. King In it:
My dear Fellow Clergymen:
Since I feeA that you are men
Of genuine goodwill and your
criticisms are sincerely set forth,
] would like to answer your state
rnent in what I hope will be
patient and reasonable terms.
You deplore the demonstrations
that are presently taking place
IN Birmingham. But I am sorry
that your statement did not ex-
press q similar concern for the
conditions that brought the DEM
onstrations into being. am sure
that each Of you would want to
80 beyond the superficial social
analyst who looks merely at eff
fects, and does not grapple with
underlying causes. ! would not
hesitate to say that 1t is I'M
fortunate that so-called demon
strations are taking place in
Birmingham ct this tine. but I
would say IN more emphatic
terms that 1t Is even more I'M
fortunate that the white power
structure Of this city left the
Negro community with no other
alternative.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

ing familiarity. This wait" has
almost always meant never" It
has been Q tranquilizing thalid-
omide, relieving the emotional
stress for a moment, only to give
birth to an Uniformed infant Of
Illustration. We must come to see
with the distinguished jurist Of
yesterday that Justice too long
delayed Is justice denied" We
have waited for more than $40
years for our constitutional and
God-given rights. The nations Of
Asia and Africa are moving with
jet-like speed toward the goal Of
political independence. and we
still creep ct horse and buggy
pace toward the gaining Of a cup
Of coffee at Q lunch counter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Toward the Promised Land

Oppressed people cannot re.
main oppressed forever. The urge
for freedom viii eventually come.
This Is what has happened to
the American Negro. Something
within has reminded him of his
birthright Of freedom: something
without has reminded him that
he can gain It. Consciously and
unconsciously. he has been swept
In BY what the Germans call the
Zeitgeist. and with his black
brothers Of Africa, and his brown
and yellow brothers Of Asia,
South America and the Carib-
bean, he Is moving with q sense
Of cosmic urgency toward the
promised land Of racial justice.
Recognizing this vital urge that
has engulfed the Negro commu.
nifty, one should readily under
stand public demonstrations. The
Negro has many pent-up resent
ments and latent Illustrations. He
has to get them out. So let him
march sometime: let him have his
prayer pilgrimages to the city
hall; understand why he must
have sit-ins and freedom rides. If
his repressed emotions do not
come out In these non-violent
ways. they will come out in
ominous expressions Of violence.
Now this approach Is being dis
missed IS extremist. must ad-
NIT that was initially disap-
pointed in being 80 categorized.
But as ! continued TO think
about the matter I gradually
gained q bit Of satisfaction from
being considered an extremist.
Was not Jesus an extremist
In love? Love your enemies, bless
them that curse you, pray for
them that despltefully use you"
Was not Amos an extremist for
justice-"Let justice roll down
like q mighty stream" Was not
Paul an extremist for the gospel
Of Jesus Christi bear In nv
body the marks Of the Lord
Jesus"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
Two Negro Extremes

You spoke Of our activity In
Birmingham as extreme. At first
! was rather disappointed that
fellow clergymen. would see my
nonviolent efforts as those Of
the extremist. I started thinking
about the fact that I stand In
the middle Of two opposing forces
In the Negro community. One Is
q force Of complacency made up
Of Negroes who, IS q result Of
long years Of oppression. have
been 90 completely drained Of
self-respect and q sense of some.
bodiness" that they have adjust
ed TO segregation. and Of q few
Negroes In the middle class who.
because Of q degree of academic
and economic security, and be-
cause at points they profit by
segregation. have unconsciously
become insensitive to the prob
lens Of the masses. The other
force Is one Of bitterness and ha-
tired and comes perilously close
TO advocating violence. II Is ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

pressed IN the various black ma
tonalist groups that are spring.
ing up over the Nation. the larg-
est and best known being Elijah
Muhammad's Muslin movement.
This movement is nourished by
the contemporary Illustration over
the continued existence Of racial
discrimination. It Is made up of
people who have lost faith In
America. who have absolutely re-
pudiated Christianity. and who
have concluded that the white
man IL an incurable devil"
! have tried to stand between
these two forces saying that we
need not follow the "do-nothing-
ism" Of the complacent or the
hatred and despair Of the black
nationalist. There Is the more ex-
cellent way Of love and nom
violent protest. I'm grateful to
God that, through the Negro
church, the dimension Of nom
violence entered our struggle. II
this philosophy had not emerged
! am convinced that by now
many streets of the South would
be flowing with floods Of blood.
And ! am further convinced that
II our white brothers dismiss us
IS "rabble rousers" and outside
agitators"-those of US who are
working through the channels Of
non-violent direct action = and
refuse to support our Ilon-violent
efforts. millions Of Negroes, out
Of Illustration and despair, will
seek solace and security in black
nationalist ideologies, q Develop
ment that win lead inevitably TO
Q Tightening racial nightmare.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

moderate would reject the myth
Of time. / received q letter this
morning from q white brother In
Texas which said: IAN Christians
know that the colored people will
receive equal rights eventually,
but Is It possible that you are in
too great Of q religious hurry?
It has taken Christianity almost
1000 years TO accomplish what
1t has. The teachings of Christ
take time to come to earth" All
that Is said here grows out Of Q
tragic misconception Of time. Il
Is the strangely irrational notion
that there Is something In the
very flow Of time that will In
evitably cure all Ills. Actually
time Is neutral. It can be used
either destructively or construc-
lively. am coming to feel that
the people Of Ill will have used
time much more effectively than
the people Of good will. We will
have to repent in this generation
not merely for the vitriolic words
and actions Of the bad people.
but for the appalling silence Of
the good people. We must come
to see that human progress never
rolls In on wheels Of inevitability.
It comes through the tireless ef.
forts and persistent work Of men
willing to be co-workers with
God. and without this hard work
time itself becomes an ally Of the
forces Of social stagnation.
We must use time creatively,
and forever realize that the time
Is always ripe to do right.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
q Youths
Are Released
By Ketchum

-Four Washington youths,
transferred because Of unruly
behavior from the National
Training School to other Fed
eral institutions. have been re-
leased by Juvenile Court Judge
Orm w. Ketcham.
The judge said he acted be-
cause there is nothing in the
Juvenile Court act to permit
placing juveniles in Federal
prisons"
Judge Ketcham's order, as
well as a scheduled review this
week Of 10 similar cases, came
in the wake of his latest dis
pute with James v. Bennett.
federal prison director.
Mr.. Bennett believes he has
authority under Federal law to
order the transfer Of any juve-
nile who proves himself "un-
manageable" at the National
Training School. where most
serious juvenile offenders are
committed.
The four youths, all over Is,
were transferred to prisons in
Kentucky and Virginia because
they had tried to escape sew
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
SmoII Firms Adopt
UGF PoyroII Plan

Payroll deduction for en-
ployes Of small firms is a spe-
eial project Of the d. c. Divi-
sion Of the United Givers Fund
this year. and the project is
bearing fruit.
Six employers have agreed so
far to help employees give by
having their contribution de-
Quoted in installments from
their pay check.
The firms are Life Insurance
Co. Of North America, Bell
Conn, District Parking Co,
Cafritz Parking Co.. Charter
House Motel, and Musak.
So successful was Muzak's
that the firm went
over the top before the official
kickoff Of the drive October 1.
Muzak had 100 per cent partic-
ipation. with IA employees con-
tributing a days pay.
Mrs. Jessie B. Solomon, man.
ager Of the D. c. Division, not
ed the division goal this year is
1851 .645. She hopes it will some
day raise 81 million.
The division has 5000 volun-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
NEWS OF MUSIC
6 Boch Concertos Get
Uneven Performance

The G major Concerto which
followed was badly flaWed by
pitch trouble on the part Of vio-
list Ynez Lynch, and the same
trouble popped up in the B fiat
Concerto.
Most successful was the D
major Concerto, which preceded
the intermisSion. Here, harpSi-
chOrdiSt Albert Fuller, flutist
John Solum and viOliniSt ISidore
Cohen managed to achieve good
ensemble. The piece was set
forth with excellent effect.
/ must say that l do not feel
that it is very sensible to pro-
gram all six Brandenburgs in
a one program. All are master
pieces, but too much Of a good
thing is still too much.
Mr.. Dunn, who comes here
with a well-earned reputation as
a firSt-clasS conductor-scholar
did not show to best advantage
yesterday, although the per-
Torrance will doubtless result
in a more satisfactory evening
for Philharmonic Hall patrons
in New York. The rehearsal was
needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13

Arthur Fennimore, previously
heard as a piano recitalist in
Castor Hall after having made
a national reputation in the
Van Cliburn International Com
petition last season at Fort
Worth, Texas. showed his mettle
as a chamber music performer
last night. His associates, the
veteran resident quartet led by
George Steiner, worked well with
him.
There were only a handful of
people in the attractively pam
eled and acouStically warm
Castor Hall for this concert, but
they were enthused in their ap-
probation. After an Archduke
Trio that was well-routined and
expreSsively played, the pianist's
next assignment was the great
Brahms quintet in F Minor.
The Brahms had its moments
really only in the opening move
ment and the Andante that fol-
lowed. Power was lacking in
the Scherzo and the Finale, and
somehow the work as a whole
never seemed to lift off its
feet for the soaring impact the
composer wrote into it.
The quartet had its solo stint
on stage in the third of Paul
Hindemith's works for four
strings. 1t was played with
energy and grace, and far better
sound that the strings accom-
plished in the Brahms work
which followed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13

eral times. they were disciple
nary problems. and they dis
rupted the school. Mr.. Ben
nett said.
Judge Ketcham said that
while he does not disagree with
Mr.. Benefits authority under
law. he believes the transfer
violates the principles under
which the Juvenile Court op-
crates"
The Juvenile Court law
shows clearly that a youth
cannot be placed in prison."
the Judge said. II do not
think that anyone can place
a youth in prison in behalf Of
the court"
Chef Juvenile Court Judge
Miller said Judge Ketch-
ANS release order was a "ju-
dcial decision which I can
not question"
But he added that he had
not similarly acted when he
learned that some of the youths
he had committed to the Ma
tional Training School were
transferred to other prisons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
FIR EE
Installation

We install every tire we
sell FREE OF CHARGE. IF
you buy whitewalls, you
can be sure they'll be
scrubbed sparkling clean
too!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13

teers now. but could use 500
more.
One volunteer to every II
prospects is the ideal ratio
Mrs. Solomon said.
The Importance Of the vol
unteer worker is stressed by
another step the D. c. Division
has taken this year.
The division sent out letters
to 1000 prospects who once
gave more than IS but weren't
reached in recent years.
SO far. sS.s2s has been
pledged by l25 Of these pros
poets. for a per capita average
Of $40.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
Marine Killed
In TriunqIe Crash

A Marine stationed at Guam
tico, Va, died yesterday after
his car smashed head-on into
another on State Route 619
two miles west of Triangle, Vo.
Gunnery Sergt. Herbert C..
Seitz, 38, was pronounced dead
in Quantico Naval Hospital at
3 pm.
State police said his car was
IN collision with one driven by
Mrs. Alma L. Mars, %, Of Tri-
angle. Mrs. Mars and her hus-
band, Richard, a Marine lance
corporal also stationed at
. Quantico, were admitted to the
hospital for observation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
FREE
Tire Rotation

When you buy a set Of
tires at Merchants, you
are entitled to a COM
plete criss-cross tire
rotation service every
5000, miles at NO EXTRA
COST!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
Brezhnev in KubuI

KABUL. Afghanistan, Oct. IL
(AP).-President Leonid 1.
Brezhenv Of the Soviet Union
arrived in Kabul today for a
five-day state visit. He was well
coined at Ksbul airport by King
Mohammed Zahir Shah.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13

Last night at Constitution
Hall, Westinghouse got a pre-
view Of what New Workers will
be hearing at Philharmonic Hall
for the next few days when
Thomas Dunn led a brilliant
assemblage Of inStrumentahSts
through all the Brandenburg
Concertos.
Mr.. Dunn offered the same
program last year at the State
Department Auditorium. The
response to this formidable I'M
dertaking was so encouraging
that he decided to repeat it here
this year.
Despite the advertisements,
which stated that the six would
be traversed-in two hours Gan
accomplishment which would
have set something of a worlds
speed record l left after two
hours without hearing any Of
the spectacular F major Con-
certO, which featured the art
of Henry Nowak on the high
trumpet, so l cannot report on
how he accomplished his noun
tain-climbing.
As for the rest, l must con-
feSs that l was pretty much dis
appointed.
Despite the great array of
talent, and passages of great
eloquence and power, for the
most part the performance
sounded pretty much like a
dress rehearsal rather than a
finished job.
Things got off to a rocky star
with the F major Concerto. The
. ensemble was very ragged. AnC
violiniSt Isidore Cohen and horn.
. list Ralph Froelich (bOth play.
ing magnificently) were unable
ito play together.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
Arob Arts, Crufts

The Arab World" an ex-
hibit of Middle Eastern arts
and crafts. opens at 6 pm.
Tuesday at Middle East House,
1907 New Hampshire avenue
NV. 1t will close October %.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
PIANIST, QUARTET
WELL RECEIVED
BY JOHN HASKINS
Contributing Critic

George WASHINGTON University
String Quartet (George Steiner and
Donald Radding. violins; Richard
Parnas, viola: Morris Kirshbaum,
cell0l, with Arthur Fennimore,
piano. At CASTOR Hall. GEORGETOWN
Beethoven: String Quartet No. 3.
Op. 20. Hindemith: Piano Quintet in
Minor, on. "a. Brahms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-13
NEWS OF MUSIC
BY IRVING LOWENS
star Music Critic

Ths Festival Orchestra Of New
YORK. Thomas Dunn. conductor
6oloists. IEidore Cohen, Allen Dimes.
Marc Gottlieb. Alan Martin. violins;
TneE Lynch. Bernard ZaslaV. Lamar
Asop, vioias: Alexander KouEuel
william Harry. Sterling Hunkins
cellos; Barbara Mueser. SterlinE
Hunkins. ViolaS da Eamba. Alvin
Brehm. double bass. Melvin Kaplan.
Sampson Giat. oboes; John Solum.
flute; Morris Newman. Eric Leber
recorders; Ralph FToelieh. Howard
Howard. horns; Morris Newman. has
soon; Henry NoWak. trumpet; Al
bert Fuller. harpSiehord. Constitu-
ton Hall. Al-Bach program. The
Brandenburg Concertos mo. in p.
No. 3 in q. No. 5 in D: No in O.
No & in 3 fiat: No. ? IN p
St. Paul recorder., 1963-06-13
Along Desegregotion Front.

Chicago (ANP-Presdenial orders Supreme
rulings progressive steps
ntegraton throughout nation
path cleared by massive Birmingham demonstrations
part Negroes
groups began falling line with
tension of civil rights to Negroes.
At weeks end the nations spot of resistance appeared
jackson, Mtrun demonstrations
the city administration to yield Negro demands
official cooperation working out series Of social reforms
Striking directions President Kennedy issued
barring racial in the hiring OF workers and apprentices
being build with federal funds then called 100 business
outlets the South and them to take the lead
desegregating their establishments.
While holding introduction in strong civil rights
launched extended his western trip to include Hawaii SO he could
at the conference further
voluntary desegregatiOn program
Meanwhile the us. handed down momentous
declaring that aggevd parties must first exhaust all
before bringing the attention of the nations
highest court. /. l. 8
The Justice Department significant victory
Judge Seboune Lynne ruled that Gov James Wallace
authority
10 University of Alabama
Along Mcdowell Jackson state college honor
grad the University Mississippi when he
Negro the Ole division
DOwe entered the Law school without incident and over the objection
of Barnett
Elsewhere: Cow Burns OF signed a
residents this state believe Fair Employ
ment Practice Act.
The law prohibits employers
discriminating against empoye union member because of
age, color ancestry.
Supreme Little ruled uncOnsHtu
that the NAACP cOntended had been drawn to
suppress Its activity.
Baton Rouge organized
settling the touchy problem in
isianas capital city.
served for first time at the
continued crUmble in North
Carolina deegregatOn Durham mOs and hotels and
nearly half of the City's restaurants.
appointed by Mayor Byon M Wnn,
ntegraon problem GAINESVILLE held its first
meeting.
recognizes principle ineg7
Negotiations urged all citizens cooperate
n of the problems facing Gainesville
Negroes admitted the Agricultural and Mechanical
College breaking color barrier The
Negroes college policy adopted last
admit qualified students regardless of race"
Negroes Jackson of Bryan and George Douglas
Prairie View A. and M and will
Foundation students The third
Leroy steing undergraduates has attended Texas
Southern University.
Negroes Arlington College,
part Of the agricultural and mechanical system
asked all businesses in the city
serving general public Mayor
swimming pools open IL desegre-
gated basis in compliance with federal court order
compromise agreement leaders
Cairo resulted dropping charges against Al
made last under city
ordinance mOtes restaurants roller sat
ing swimming pools opened to Negroes
developments equal opportunities in city agencies and
dusry.
action tensions head off
possible assertions spoesmen for
groups people opportunities in New York
City that should be open to all
St. Paul recorder., 1963-06-13
INTERFAITH DIRECTOR
NAMED TO NATIONAL
COMMISSION POST

James A., Tillman, Jr., execu-
tive director of the Interfaith
Fair Housing Program has been
named to the National Conference
on Religion and Races Commits
sion on the Role of the Church and
Synagogue in Changing Urban
Areas.
This Commission has been or
ganized to formulate programs of
education and action and to de-
velop materials for use by leader
ship at the grass roots level all
across the country as systematic
attempts are made by organized
religion to implement the spirit
and practical suggestions of the
National Conference on Religion
and Race which met in Chicago
January 14-17 of this year.
Tillman presented two papers at
that Conference and also served
as Chairman Of the Workshop on
the Role of the Church and Syna-
gogue in Changing Neighborhoods.
Tillman will attend the first
meeting of the National Commits
sion on the Role Of the Church and
Synagogue in Changing Urban
Areas June IT in Chicago.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-06-13
NAB MOONSHINER, BUT
NOT RY JUST SNIEEING

Cleveland (ANP) - us. Treas
ury Alcohol Tax Unit agents, often
able to virtually sniff out a still,
admitted that an East Side man
gave them a run for their money
by using odorless raisin jack to
make liquor.
Joseph Minis, 80, the accused
moonshiner, waived a preliminary
hearing before rs. Commission
Herbert A. Horn and was bound
over to the Federal Grand Jury
under $500 bond.
ATU Investigator R. E. O'Calla-
CHAN said the suspect had been
operating a still in the attic Of
his home here.
In Minis home, the raiders had
found a 55-gallon still containing
80 gallons of mash, a 25-gaIlon
condenser, three 55-gallon ferm-
enter barrels with 1876 gallons of
mash, a 55-gallon drum with so
gallons of mash and 26 gallons of
distilled spirits.
Minis is a buffer for a Cleveland
polishing firm.
St. Paul recorder., 1963-06-13
Naff0Iin Wins:
Bennett Elected;
KruSchke Loses

Mayor Arthur F. Naftalin won
reelection in the Minneapolis city
election Tuesday over P. Kenneth
Peterson, former mayor by a vote
Of 63,109 to 56,495.
Former Judge L. Howard Ben
nett, only Negro among candidates
nominated in the primary led the
vote for the Minneapolis School
Board. He is the second Mime
apolis Negro in the city's history
to be elected to a city-wide office.
Nellie Stone Johnson was elected
to the Minneapolis Library board
in the 1940's in a city-wide cleo
ton. Bennett led the ticket in
total votes.
Candidates endorsed by the
Minneapolis Spokesman newspap-
er won their races in most in
stances.
Among the Spokesman candid
ates elected by the voters were Al
Hansen, city comptroller; Robert
J. White and Caroline White, lib
rary board; Benjamin Berger,
Richard M. Erdall and Mrs. Louis
r. Smerling, park board.
Spokesman endorsed aldermanic
candidates elected to office were
Donald Risk, first ward; Robert
MacGregor, second ward; Richard
Kantorowicz, third ward; Joe
Greenstein, fifth ward; Joe Green
stein, fifth ward; H. P. Christen-
sen, sixth ward; Arnett Leslie,
seventh ward; George Martens,
ninth ward and Richard v. Fran
son, 18th ward. Council liberals
are now in the majority in the
aldermanic body.
Merle L. Kruschke was narrowly
defeated for the 9Th ward by in
cumbent Elsa johnson by q mar
gin of only 105 votes. Kruschke
lost the race it is believed because
too many people failed to vote.
Negroes in the 9th ward were
generally disappointed by Krus-
chke's defeat because 1t was felt
he would have given their peculiar
problems more consideration than
Mrs. Johnson has shown in the
past.
Some observers blame Kruschke
the liberals defeat on a schism
which developed in the Negro COM
munity in the primary election
which was not sufficiently healed
by general election time.