davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
Wax FREEDMAN
is. and Security for India, Israel

to the general stability of the
Middle East, the same pact
could be open, on exactly
the same terms, to all the
Arab countries. o..
This plan, which has q
great deal Of merit, has been
most carefully analysed In
the State Department where
the final Judgment has gone
against 1t. The Arab states
would be extremely reluctant
to accept o security pledge
from the three Western pow
ers, and to do 80 on terms Of
equality with Israel would
merely increase the difficult
ties. The Arab world would
feel that it was once again
dependent on the Western
nations for its security, and
this fact would chafe against
its sense Of independence. An
altogether separate difficult
ty would be created by Rus
sia's unquestioned desire to
be associated with any Sc
curity pact for the Middle
East.
For these reasons, Israel
will have to manage without
It's security guarantees, at
least for the practicable fu-
ture. But this does not mean
that Israel would be left alone
and unbefriended If she is
the victim Of an unprovoked
attack. It Is impossible to
find a single American Off
cial Of any consequence who
does not believe that Ameri-
can help for Israel, in the face
OF such aggression, would be
immediate and decisive. Is
rael knows this determination
70 be Q reality Of American
policy. even though 1t cannot
now be written into Q formal
guarantee. So do the Arab
states.
These two test cases of
India and Israel show the
difficulties which must be
overcome before the State
Department can resist the
special pleading Of foreign
governments and can follow
q distinctive American policy.
1t has made the right decision
In both these difficult cases.
and 1t deserves more public
understanding Of the reasons
which have guided It's judg-
ment.
o. lecS)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
Nursing Book
Is Rewritten

The familiar Red Cross Home
Nursing Textbook has been
completely rewritten and up
dated. the American National
Red Cross announced here to-
day.
The text. which has served
as q guide TO families for 80
years. Is longer by 100 pages
than the last (l95D edition
and gives more emphasis TO
mother and baby care and to
care Of the aged or chroni-
cally Ill patient.
Published by Doubleday g.
Company. Inc, 1t costs sl.25
paperbound or Sits clothbound
at bookstores or at local Red
Cross chapters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
DORIS FLEEsoN
The Democrats Lost Opportunity

more eyes wandered to the
attractive and dignified Negro
woman aide who sat quietly
listening just behind her
Governor, Romney of Mich4-
gan. She signifies the wage
Of the future and the confef-
ence knew it.
Gov. Russell of South
Carolina remained mute.
Gov. Sanders Of Georgia
departed the civil rights ses-s
sion, saying he had some
"non-political business" to :
attend to. rsd
A genuinely cooperative
and serious effort could have
yielded some good counsel
Particularly among the border
State Governors, those With
a foot In the North and Soulful
are shrewd and relaxed types
as Dalton Of Missouri, Combs .
of Kentucky, and Sanford
of North Carolina. The e4II
perienced head of the most
integrated State Of all, Burns
of Hawaii, was never invited
to open his mouth. 1850
' Democrats need not have
worried so much about helpy .
ing Gov. Rockefeller. He.
helped himself chiefly BY
pushing the question of Just
how much of a segregationsi
list Senator Goldwater really,
is. But private checks by re-
porterS show that the ques-
ton Of Gov. Rockefeller's Fe-V
marriage to the much younger
mother of four small chil-y
dren still rankles at the grass
roots. -|N
BaniShed at Miami was
any question of his desirer
for the nomination. Wide,
travels are in lis future this
fall and then the primaries. y
@ 1868 .EFJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
DORIS FLEESON

MIAMI BEACH-Demo-
cratic Governors prevented
nothing here that they wished
to prevent and in the end
for their own self-protection
accepted substantially the
Rockefeller civil rights pro-
posal.
Their basic mistake was to
use their overwhelming pow
er-they control "a Of so
statehouses-to push around
the minority. This is con-
trary to the American tradi-
ton and insures the minority
a better hearing than it could
get by itself.
The 1852 Republican con-
vention offers a classic in
stance Of such error. Con-
fident Of their control Of the
party organization, the Taft
forces undertook to steam
roller the surging Eisenhower
advance from the South. The
Generals troop yelled "Stop
thief" so effectively that the
late Senator from Ohio felt
compelled to offer to share
the contested Southern dele
cations.
Gen. Eisenhower's manager,
the then Senator Henry Cab
OF Lodge, virtuously refused
this deal" and the late Sen
ator Taft bitterly uttered the
now legendary complaint:
Lodge would rather have the
issue than the votes" The
only possible reply was: "Of
course" ~
At the Governors Confer
ence, the big majority Of
Democrats could not afford
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25

There appears In the cur
rent issue Of Newsweek a poll
conducted by Louis Harris, a
veteran pollster, which should
be examined carefully by Re-
publican as well as Demo-
cratic strategists interested
In planning the 1864 presi-
dental campaign.
The poll shows that Presi-
dent Kennedy would get 81
per cent Of the Negro vote in
the 1864 election II Senator
Goldwater were the Repub-
lican candidate. Also, the
fluctuations indicate the re-
suit would be about SO per
cent II Cows. Rockefeller or
Romney were the Republican
nominee. The poll points out,
moreover, that in 1860 Mr..
Kennedy got IS per cent Of
the Negro vote, while II per
cent went to Mr.. Nixon, and
4 per cent could not recall
how they voted.
So 1t appears that the
Republicans got an inconse-
quential proportion in 1860,
and they would get less in
1864. It also appears that
Mr.. Kennedy has made little
gain among the Negroes
despite his energetic efforts
in their behalf in civil rights
matters. It is surprising that
he didn't get 100 per cent Of
the Negro vote in the recent
poll.
Recently Senator Gold
water has been attacked by
some critics as being inter-
ested In making the Repub-
lican Party 'lily white" or q
white mans party" The
question naturally arises
whether the presence of a
substantial number of voters
IN, any party permits the
celebration of that party's
name. Would it be proper
now, for instance, to call
the Democratic Party "the
Negroes party" because the
Negro voters happen to be
prepared almost unanimously
to support the Democratic
nominee in 1854?
More important than party
labels, however, is strategy.
VIII the Republicans continue
to try to outpromise the Dem
ocratS on civil rights just to
WOO the Negro vote, which
the polls for the last rs years
or more have consistently
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
Fertile Field Of Votes Seen Among Thos
Who Resent Racial Demonstrations

shown to be on the Demo-
cratic side anyhow by a COM
Portable majority in every
presidential election?
The Negro vote began to
shift heavily from the Re-
publican Party to the Demo-
cratic Party in the 1882 cleo
ton due to economic condi-
tons. Many Negroes found
themselves on Government
relief in the 1930s and in sub
sequent elections they showed
their gratitude for the aid
they received from the Demo-
cratic administration. They
put aside memories Of what
Abraham Lincoln and the
Republicans had done for
them and deserted their
historic position because they
were far more interested in
jobs and wages and some
thing to live on than they
were in what happened in the
1905.
The Republican Party to-
day is sorely in need Of q new
strategy. Some Of its leaders
come from heavily populated
States, like New York and
Illinois, in which, If the divi-
sion were close in these areas,
the Negro vote could hold a
balance Of power. But the
truth is the integration prob
lem has aroused many pro-
tests among the white popu-
lation in the populous States
Of the North, and 1t is doubt
full whether President Ken
nedy could carry, for in
stance, either Illinois or New
York II he loses any substan-
tial part Of the white vote on
such issues as school integra-
ton or unemployment among
whites that may be brought
about through favoritism
shown Negroes.
The race disturbances in
the North in recent months
indicate that civil rights is
by no means a simple issue.
Resentments are created, for
example, when arbitrary
quotas are set to limit the
right Of parents to send their
children to public schools in
their own neighborhood so
that Negro children from
distant neighborhoods may be
permitted to attend those
same schools.
The South, Of course, has
potentially q big resentment
vote that probably will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
MAX FREEDMAN
American Decisions in 2 Cases Called
Deserving of Public Understanding

At first glance there seems
almost nothing in common
between the security pro-
blems Of India and Israel.
The borders Of India are
menaced by China's military
power, but Israel Is the
strongest state Of the Middle
East. All the same, there is
one crucial similarity be-
tween these two countries.
midas needs cannot be con-
sidered by the State Depart
ment in isolation from the
anxieties Of Pakistan, Just as
1srael's case cannot be judged
apart from its impact on the
Arab states.
In recent weeks the State
Department has once again
felt these conflicting press
ures as it tries to follow q
policy that will preserve
Americas long standing
commitments, while allowing
1t to keep pace with swiftly
changing events.
PakiStan is afraid that its
alliance with the United
States has been shaken and
compromised by midas cam
paign for American help
against Communist agrees
sion. Without having any
evidence to prove the validity
Of its fears, Pakistan con-
tinues to believe that the
Kennedy administration has
a strong bias In favor Of
India and Japan as the two
pivots Of American policy In
Asia.
Instead Of removing Pakis-
tan's suspicious, China's at
tack has actually deepened
them. For Pakistan accuses
India Of exaggerating the
Chinese danger and Of using
the Chinese threat as an ex-
cuse for getting American
weapons that could later be
turned against Pakistan. The
State Department has been
told that a closer association
between India and America
may bring Pakistan into
friendly contact with China.
This threat has been taken
so seriously that 1t has led
two fellow members OF the
British Commonwealth,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25
Progress on Racial Issue Held Possible
II Governors Had Made q Serious Effort

to give the issue to Gov.
Rockefeller and the unex-
pectedly united Republicans.
After confused and trans
parent maneuvering, they
yielded on both the votes
and the issue.
They were handicapped
further by the circumstance
that the Democratic chair
man of the conference, Gov.
RoSellini Of Washington, was
a pitifully inept driver, for a
steamroller. In what should
have been his hour Of glory,
he very early bore the look
Of one who wished fervently
that he had stood in bed
back home in Olympia. BY
contrast, his Oregon neigh
Dor, Gov. Hatfield, the hand
some Republican spokesman,
was made to seem a combina-
ton Of Mark Hanna and Lin
coin.
Democrats are bravely say
ing that none Of this matters
very much. True, it is an
opportunity lost rather than
a disaster. But 1t was an
opportunity bigger than they
ever seemed to realize.
For an outstanding impress
sion left by this conference
was the isolation Of the only
two Governors who spoke up
for segregation. Alabama s
Wallace Of the patent leather
hair and bantam strut did
his town bully act, but as he
had nobody to bully, it fell
flat. MiSsissippi's Barnett
said his piece about Negro
crime and delinquency, but
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25

Canada and England, to re-
monstrate with Pakistan.
Their criticisms and appeals
have alike been in vain.
Pakistan's fears have sur
vived repeated assurances by
India, pledges Of friendship
by the United States, and
growing evidence Of China's
sinister purposes in Asia.
Ever since the Chinese
assault shook midas border.
the Nehrur government has
wanted large-scale military
help from America and other
Western countries, together
with a public pledge against
aggression. The opposition of
Pakistan has made 1t very
difficult for the United States
to enter a security arrange
ment with India. But the
State Department, with ad-
mirable flexibility, has taken
the lead in developing a plan
for achieving the same re-
suit by different means. The
delivery of American military
supplies to India will be so
public that it will constitute
In itself a continuing pledge
Of American resistance to
Communist aggression.
In short. Pakistan's fears
are understood here, without
being respected, and in no
sense are they being allowed
to dominate American plans
for the security Of this troub-
led area. Pakistan may swiftly
have reason to repent its de-
cision II 1t chooses to dilute
us alllance with America by
cooperating with China.
For some time now Israel,
and its friends In this coun-
try, have been seeking a pub
lie commitment to defend
Israel from an Arab attack.
They place their primary
trust on the American guar
antee, though they would
also welcome q pledge Of as
istance by Britain and France.
1t should be understood that
Israel wants a security pact
which she could at once in
woke against aggression In
the certainty Of receiving i'm
mediate help from the West
ern powers. As o contribution
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25

LA PAZ, Bolivia.-Thirteen
Peace Corps volunteers are
working with Bolivian farm re-
searchers and co-operatives to
increase production in the
Santa Cruz area development
project.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-25

specific guidelines for consti-
tutional apportionment.
Arguments on the question
Of standards viii be heard this
fall In cases from Virginia,
Maryland, New York and Ala
bama. Action on the Florida
appeal may be deferred until
after these cases are decided.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-10-19
Heroes Of Emancipation
A Weekly Feature by The MAGP
JOHN q. RUssWupM

y. I'm re tfsi p,p,1'Dn II me United State
1at ~ tDDV) ~ fk-. n,HD5 tDg,fis 51O.c than u
pe, otn r, syDgt ~ M Nsgfoes in~Dding
nrafls ~ t,ee peFtof u 'ol,r = uerihcsnt
rsubef - ~ .r9roes ro9d read 1e apesk intel
A2eIly Jfcse ~. rrDtie yaf,' m pioneer
.cgfo !, rf> 80. DrDte Jenrrss ,he,f therefore cr,
lcree ~ pfp as.ef, gfosr as zc ne American Col
ol3ltt srlels and .gosD.Als DENOUNCED the p5opon
cni. ~ asery
~ ms gro9p ~ uritcfs J,hn Rpss1urm
- ne roti prcrlfrn fje horn JsmsIcs West
indies D,t,bef i719 k1Asnurm 1as educated in Gan.
EDwdpln College Nbet hc becsfne The DnitEd
State irs' Negro clcge graduate 1926 He nss grad
Jaird n the .ans clast rnifcd Senator John
Hale In March Is27 he cstablishcd this co0nirys first
Ncgfo %ewspspcr FREEDOMS JOtkNAL ~hich he re-
named RIGHTS or ALL IN March 1929 and published
until 1890
Russw1na was staunch advocate oi immediate
cpaton and nc columns Of RIGHTS Or All. filled
with articles cilng for emancipation " all slaves IiI'
paper used as forum for the nssyery societies
Bold headlnel proclaimed the resolutions Of
meetings Of rsc Negroes held throughout Of the
North 10 dcnoulce enemies of the antlslsyery movement
FOR four years NIGHTS or ALL presented the program
of the Negro america oppoaistioD TO coIoniaizaon
However about 1880 -Russwunm began 10 advocate col
onzaUon and his paper carried biography Of Paul Cuffec
ship of Massachusetts who eOonzationaisi
who took thirty Negroes Sierra Leone prior his death
In 1917 II was al this point that Kusswurms advocacy Of
colonization destroyed his influence among the Negroes
lie subsequently Joined the coOnzationaists and went 10
Liberia the first superintendent Of schools there
For time he served governor Of the Independent
province oi Maryland before il became part Of Liberia
Isusswurm died June H. 1851 at the age of nfty-two.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-10-19
GOVERNOR
RONINEY
REPORTS

My recent tour of "a cities in Michigan to explain nv
fiscal reform program has convinced than
that the people of Michigan will support tax reform.
In addition the experience added to nv belief that
is the time for tax reform.
During those six days of travelling visited cities
from Houghon to Wyandotte and spoke to more than
1000 Michigan citizens
The questions and comments from these people
plus the questions and the many hundreds of
letters I've received from Michigan citizens indicate
to me that the majority of people accept basic sruc
ture OF the tax reform program have placed before the
legislature
The doubts and dsagreements generally speaking.
have been concerned mainly with various elements of the
tax reform program and not with its basic fundamentals
From these contacts pattern has developed would
like to here the questions most frequently asked
about my tax reform proposals.
QUESTION Wouldn't school districts cities town
ships and other local units of now receiving
earmaked funds lose out through repeal reduction of
the property sales and intangible taxes
ANSWER Not at sH One Of the KEY features ef the
program TO replace s local
including schools - would receive exactly the same
amount Of money they get from these taxes
QUESTIONS How can we be the income tax level
will not get out of hand rising to the heights of the fed
cral income tax?
ANSWER The only certain wsv to hold taxes down
to hold down spending government spends than tax
payers pay would not object reasonable esnos for
me personal and business income part Of an sc
eePfshle program would have OBJECTION n these ress-
enable ceilings written into the Constitution bv
vote OF the people, that future legislatures would have
70 90 back to the people they wanted 10 raise tax levels
above that point.
QUESTION: Why don't you submit YOUR entire pro-
gram to a vote of the people?
ANSWER; The people elected ne knsvina shss I
would propose fssI reform ineudno an neonc. ,.x as
part OF fiscal reform. would not be doing my isb
were now to ask he voters decide what should - dons
wnen ! was elected platform Importantly based on
STRENGTHENING ovf Miehissns tax structure Rssides how
eeo'o my entire program be smitfsd on baIlos7 II In
V'Ses much more than just income taxf that were hs
only question I'd oppose myself My program L cam
p"esed but comprehensive one which neuss business
TAX reef property tax relief consumer tex rslis< epsn-
'sns authority for local government and e1er items
my responsibility governor to propose tax rsfo~n;
now me ies'sisvres responsibility 10 s&hss psss
The Detroit tribune., 1963-10-19

Legislative Mzlzpporiionneni
zoc Ea,sel vs ystsle lNew YOrs
Esgenis i-rs,eE3 of the 1861 g
tern The American Jezish Con
gTess study declared.
TIE Peterson decision and as
companion decisions reflect Z
willingness on the psrt II the
co1rt 70 provide q legal frame
xork in Which the Negro may
strive for has Dan emancipation
II has. il effect. indicated that
u will not repeat the tragic ms
take of me Dred Scott decision
but. On the contrary. viii seek
10 create lawful and peaceful
Transition from racial inequsli-
y 10 racial equality"
Liberal Bloc Held Dominant
While the court IS united on
the major issues Of national con
Germ such as racial equality and
church-stste separation. indiyi-
dual differences among the Jus
tices on other questions sill
permit a division Of the bench
into liberal anl conservative
wings, the analysis found
Appointment Of Justices Art.
hur J. Goldberg and Byron White
to succeed Felix Frankfurter and
Charles Whitaker. the report
said, shifted the lineup OF the
court from a 5-to-4 ~conser,s-
tive" majority 10 a 5-to-4 -liber-
al" majority.
A tally Of the individual vot-
ing records OF the nipe justices
showed that Justice Goldberg
sided most frequently with the
liberals Warren, Brennan,
BLACK and Douglas - while JUS
tce White voted on many cases
with the conservatives" -
Clark. Harlan and Stewart. Be-
fore their retirement, from the
bench, Justices Frankfurter and
Whitaker voted most frequently
with the conservative" wing.
The summary showed that eleven
Of the AZ cases covered in the
1929 study we're decided by
5-to-4 votes. All but one Of these
we're carried by the liberals" ."
Justices Voting Records
Analysed
The American Jewish Congress
report analyzed the justices O.
pinions according to whether
they were favorable or unfavor.
able to the individual or group
asserting a Constitutional or
civil right.
The Detroit tribune., 1963-10-19

~Ai<sr tsese ihings Jesus
x<Ei Ner rne ses o. 11A'ee'
Ek1ch a the sez ot licerlzs.
And ; greet nni'ItDdr
fo10Eei hiin. h<cznse fney
xzE ms miracles shirn ne
tSE cn then that we're diF
ease.6
;r,o
49,. be
@
And The passover. .
tesSr Of the te~s- Vas nssn-
When Jesus then iifleo
gp his eyes and ssz . great
company oocse unto nm. ne
saith unto Philip. Whence
snail xe bay bread. that
fhfse nav este
And this he said 10 prove
hsFn. for ne kliHsseif knew
what be would do
-Pnilip answered hIm. Two
hundred pennyRorih OF
ssesd is not sufficient for
them that ever one OF them
msy take . Little.
One Of ms disciples. An
drex Simon Peters brother
saith unto him.
There x : Lad here. which
haih five barley Iosves. and
two small fishes but what
are they among 50 many
And Jesus said Mske the
men slt down Nor there
The Detroit tribune., 1963-10-19

Tfs Lrzrlmiiy o. tie co1r-
czr b< eEplzne1 H par. ste
f1rsey noted. by TIE fser TIA;
relatively ieE cases involving IN
terms security eSs1e befo<e i
during the 1920 term ms IS
k-e nSi beer ihe nsssor source
II ciilss0n IN the court within
recent years. 4 ~ss stated
csyrf Seen Acting in Face sf
'Defsvir by Congress on
Cwa Rights
The rerorr ksid that during the
past IS yesrs the high cogrr
nss been inueszingly involved
Slx cisI rights and ciyil hber-
tea ia9es. renecfirg the gro~
.ng concern of the American
pecp.e xIth these issues.
II - ceciksDns On these ques-
tons the stud; commented. the
Supreme Court appears 10 have
stkpped INTO TIE vacuum created
by the default of Congress ia
diAchsTging the responsibilities
imposed or Il Dy the Constltu-
tiOn
The American Jewish Congress
analysis noted that the Thirte
enth. Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments gave primary re
sponsibility" for protecting Ne
gro rights TO the Legislative
branch. Yet for more than rs
years. the report said, not
single Law was adopted by Con
gress to make this promise Of
equality.
The two modest il not minor
civil rights laws ea.cted BY Con
gress in 1857 and 1860. have
hardly come close to fulfilling
Congressional responsibility" the
survey continued, adding:
The contribution Of the Su-
preme Court TO the struggle for
racial equality has been much
greater than that OF the Presi-
dents Roosevelt, Truman, Eisen-
hover and Kennedy and Of
course immessurably greater
than that Of Congress"
The report pointed out that
a little-noted decision by the
court in the Peterson case, set
ting aside the convictions OF Ne
gro sitin demonstrators protes-
ting segregation at department
store lunch counters In Green
Vile, S. e., may turn out TO be
one Of major importance, rank
ing in significance with the land
mark cases Of Baker VS.. Carr
The Detroit tribune., 1963-10-19
The Bible Tells Us:

than bgeiber, ard mkt
.xelye baskets raih the fr7e-
u.ents Of the Aye barley
losyes. which remained over
ana above unto them fhzf
Mad eaea-
sTheo tbose nAo. WIEN
they had seen the miracle
that Jesus did, said. This IS
Of q truth that prcphet that
should come into the world
When Jesus therefore
perceived that they would
come and take him by force.
10 make him a king. ne de-
parted again into q mountain
himself alone.
And when even Was now
come, his disciples went
down unto the sea.
And entered into a ship,
and went over the sea toward
CsbeTnaum. And il was now
dark. and Jesus was not
come 10 them
And the sea arose by rea-
son OF . great wind that
blew.
so when they had rOwed
about five and twenty or
thirty furlongs. they see Je-
SIS waking on the sea. and
drawing nigh unto the ship:
and they were afraid.
But be saith unto them.
Il il |. be rot afraid.
Then they willingly re-
ceiyed him into the ship:
and immediately the ship
was at land whittier they
went
John 6: l-2l)