davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
Finoneing Credit

FNMA's purchases Of mort
cages have had the effect Of
providing additional home fl
nancing credit when and
where needed, and of stabil-
izing the market for mort
gage financing. With mort
gage purchases, more loan
money reaches private lend
ing institutions and these
funds, in turn, mean a greater
supply of funds for home
construction and purchases.
While FNMA is continu-
ously in the market for pur-
chase of FILA and VA mort
cages, these purchases are
particularly effective in perl
DDS of tight money" At
those times, it's purchases
tend to relieve the pressures
OF a shrinking supply OF
mortgage money and Of rising
interest rates.
FNMA, which is now cele-
brating its 25th anniversary,
can look back on an impress
sive record of assistance to
home financing. In a quarter
century, the association has
purchased IL million mort
cages aggregating $12.3 bill
lion. This has meant financ-
ing for 1.3 million housing
units. At the same time, it
has sold 81 billion worth of
mortgages.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

POTOMAC-"THE ORIGINAL GLEN" from which many nearby
ADVANTAGE amidst the wonders Of nature this attractive rambler
brook 10 fenced S525O MAY also be purchased with
Leonard. AK $4,000 942-sl37.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11
Home Buying Involves Decisions

Of the National Association
of Real Estate Boards, are
real estate brokers who are
equipped to do this by reason
of their training and expert
ence in day-to-day home
marketing.
Since the early 1930s, much
has been done through legis-
lation to place home pur-
chases within the reach of
middle and moderate income
families. The result has been
a trend Of increased home
ownership and the figure is
now better than three out Of
five families In this status.
The Federal National Mort
gage Association, which was
established in 1898, is proud
to have had a part in this
healthy development. AS a
Governme nt corporation
FNMA buys and sells FHA-
insured and VA-guaranteed
mortgages. including home
improvement loans. Its deal
ings are with eligible private
lenders such as banks, mort
gage companies and savings
and loan institutions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

at an accelerated rate. With
assistance from q VA-guar-
anteed or VA-insured loan,
4,741 veterans bought new or
existing homes in the WASH
ington area during 1862. The
toal amount of the loans was
$82, 900.
All sections Of the Metro
politan Washington Area -
except the District - shared
last years gain in CT home
loan activity.
Montgomery and Prince
Georges Counties in Mary
land showed a combined gain
of 81 per cent. The Virginia
portion of the area had a
gain Of 80 per cent from 1861
to 1862. In the District, 8
per cent fewer CT home loans
were made in 1862 than in
1861.
Prices Above Average
1t is interesting to note that
the average price paid for
homes in the Washington
area was higher than the ma
tional average.
During 1862 in the WASH
ington area the average pur-
chase price for new homes
bought with CT financing
was $40, $40, and the average
for exising homes was $751;
$50.
Nationwide averages were
$15,790 for new homes and
$13,725 for existing homes.
The Washington area also
has an excellent repayment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

Plenty the and growing family this attractive brick
spIeveI home Living oo dining modern kitchen with
for breakfast Down steps oro bright fomiY
den Four bedrooms besides
off the complete this very obIe home convenient
neeboood Competing included Priced the high 3O
to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-05-11

ROAD, POTOMAC-2Is ACRES BEAUTIFUL TREES
mui-colored
threshold extends past the inviting double door entrance into charm.
Kitchen bedrooms ga baths daylight
available S44 800 miles traffic lght) Deals
Walsh o. 6-5067.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
First Humans Believed
Here $4,000 Years AGO

A number Of anthropologists
have come TO believe that the
earliest Americans may have
arrived $4,000 or 10000 years
ago. according to DR.. Henry B.
Collins Of the Smithsonian's
Bureau Of American Ethnology
commenting on q new volume
OF the Anthropological Papers
OF the University Of Alaska.
The volume, presented at q
recent symposium on early man
In the Western American Arc
tic. mentions a number of arti-
facts found In Alaska which
may link early Alaskan cultures
with those Of Europe in the
Pleistocene and Paleolithic eras.
Among the artifacts are thin,
lozenge-shaped blades with o
laurel-leaf design, q very COM
mon find in European Paleo-
lithic diggings.
Or. Collins cited two possible
movements TO the American
continent, the first probably
coming from the Far East, NOV
ing down the Pacific Coast
This migration would have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
Kefouyer: A Memorable Loner'

ter-organized driving types.
Kefauver veterans still rath-
er look down on those who
did not serve with them on
their special st. Crispin's
Day. It was the more re-
markable because few really
shared what they could make
Of his often cloudily expressed
political philosophy. One re-
luctant admirer finally
worked it out that one
couldn't rebuff a big, friend
ly dog. even If his paws were
muddy.
The Senate has always had
to rely on its individualists
for its press. This stale and
stalled one will be much
poorer for the loss Of Estes
Kefauver.
He has no permanent legis-
lative monument; the Senate
establishment saw to that.
But while they dismissed him
as superficial and q filter at
windmills. a great many pow
erful interests viii find their
lobbying tasks less hard.
It does not Immediately
appear that his like will now
emerge from Tennessee. Gov.
Frank Clement is not fulfill
ing his early promise and is
increasingly criticized at
home. Senator Kefauver's
former opponents seem old
hat, and his old enemies have
faded from the scene.
Q 1853
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

seconds In West Berlin. In
July, a total Of 30,415 had fled
Protected by tanks and
heavily armed troops, workmen
began unrolling hundreds Of
miles of barbed wire along the
border between West and East
Berlin.
Thousands of angry West
Berliners threatened the next
day to tear the wire away with
their bare hands. Communist
armored cars, bayonets and
water cannons kept them back
Two days later, bricklayers
went to work. The wall has
since become the most forni-
dable fortification In the heart
Of Europe, winding for 2615
miles through the city.
It separates about 100000 OF
West Berlin's 90 million PEG.
pie from relatives on the Com
munist side. Another 741a miles
Of triple barbed wire with III
watch towers fences off the
city's outer borders from East
Germany.
Since August "a. 1861. when
Red submachine guns moved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
CHARLES BARTLETT
He Was a Symbol to Plain People

At the start Of his presi-
Dental campaign in 1852, an
overzealous supporter brought
a live and angry raccoon In.
a cage to a Kefauver rally.
The coon was his campaign,
symbol and the photograph
ers pressed around. Estes,
reach in and take him out"
someone cried.
No one would cheerfully
have braved those teeth for
the doubtful advantage of a
photograph. But the Sena-
tor compressed his lips in q
characteristic expression and
complied. This was, like the
presidential race itself and
many other chapters in Estes
Kefauver's career, the ges-
ture Of a man who could not
bring himself to turn his
back on a challenge.
@ 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

come about 10000 years ago. A
second movement might have
been about $4,000 years ago,
possibly Of men from the inte-
rior Of Siberia. DR.. Collins EN-
phasized. however, that Siberia
may be overrated as O source
OF American early civilization.
Some Of the artifacts de-
scribed have been known for
some time. Several deposits at
the bottom Of frozen Sits In
gold-mining pits near Fair
banks were discovered more
than 20 years ago. together
with the remains Of mastodon
and other prehistoric mammals
which help date the find. These
discoveries we're ignored, DIR.
Collins noted. because they were
not made by trained archaeol-
ogists and could not be fully
confirmed.
Other traces Of early man
principally similar blades TO
the ones found in Alaska, have
been found as widely scattered
as Florida, Oregon. and, with
mastodon bones. ct CLOVIS, N.
Mex.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

a following among Ameri-
cans. It is rarely big enough,
as it was not in the case Of
Senator Kefauver. But the
gangling soft-spoken Ten
neSseean plugged away, a
consistent source Of frus-
tration to the predominantly
Southern leadership which
could not interest him in its
niggling concerns and often
took petty revenge.
Most Senate 'Toners"
merely criticize and then go
off to Burning Tree. Senator
Kefauver worked hard on
what interested him and got
attention. The great consti-
tutionalists Of the Senate
win hardly be missed by so
many OF the folks"
Reporters who slog around
the chicken-and- mashed-po-
tato circuit with aspirants
for the presidency see few
well-managed campaigns, but
they are unanimous that
''Kefe" was anchor man of
the whole class. In a Ke-
fauver campaign, nobody was
ever on time. clean. comfort
able or well fed. and dead
lines seemed to have no real
existence.
But somehoW it was fun,
more fun than with the bet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
POTOMAC FEVER
BY FLETCHER KNEBEL

Gov Rockefeller ndorses the test-ban treaty The only
major which haven't signed the treaty France
Red China and Goldwater.
Vice President johnson pleads with California Demo-
Gratis to quit feudng From the outside the Democratic
Party in California always sounds like Of those angh
lease breaking parties.
Georgias Democratic Senator Russell says Goldwater
would carry Georgia. JFK knows pains Russell say
and appreciates his thoughuness in breaking the
gently as possible on Nationwide TV
Vacation photographs: What inflct friends to
get with them for staying comfortably at home.
Making living is like golf. You drive hard for the
greenland wind up in the hole.
JFKs tax-cut is picking enthusiastic retro
active support James Lands early Kennedy adviser
failed to file any tax return for five years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
Senator Kef0Ver's liberalism Viewed
As an Instinct to Help the Little Man

seemed as hearty after it was
over.
His odysseys underlined the
points that running for
President is forbiddingly ex-
pensive and that the present
random pattern Of primaries
is a haphazard method Of
selecting nominees for the
highest office in the land.
His experiences will have
been the initiating force If
Congress someday enacts a
national presidential prefer
ence primary.
Senator Kefauver did not
succeed in national politics
because he was a loner, in
variably withdrawn in the
company Of his colleagues,
and because he was more
liberal than his times. He
carried with him a noun
taineer's reserve which
baked at easy congeniality
and often masked a very deep
and sincere kindness.
He seemed to like doing
things for people more than
: he liked talking to them and
he never pulled back from
the chance to perform q
gentle act or remember a
friend. Few Of his colleagues
knew him well, but many of
them regarded him as q
uniquely human and adj
mirable individual.
His liberalism seemed to
stem from an instinct to help
the little man and a par
TALLY to causes. He was
logged in his causes and
stubborn in pressing them in
a hostile climate. He was q
populist in his tits against
varying elements of the
status quo and he brought
qualities Of persistence and
courage to these ventures
which distinguished him
among liberals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
DAVID LAWRENCE -
Discrimination and Union Shop

work" laws. They outlaw the
discrimination in hiring. but
a majority of the States
have failed to act. Congress
has not made equal rights"
discretionary with the States
in any other field.
For all practical purposes,
the discrimination is gem
orally in effect in populous
States and hence applies in
almost all the major in
dustries. Millions Of Ameri-
can citizens are discrimi-
mated against and must be
deprived Of good Jobs and are,
compelled to seek other
employment unless they are
willing to accept the doc
trine Of trade unionism. The
discrimination can be re-
moved by repeal Of the pro-
vision hi the Federal law
and thus can be applied
uniformly.
The argument usually
made is that the trade union
carries on negotiations in
collective bargaining and
achieves wage and other
benefits for all employees. In
some instances, there have
been arrangements whereby
employees pay a certain fee
to cover such expenses and
are not obliged to join q
union. But the fact remains
that, under Federal law, a
worker must suppress his be-
liefs and accept the dicta-
ton Of another group Of
citizens as the only way he
can get or keep a certain
job. =
This violation Of the
equal rights" doctrine now
has been in effect 16 years,
but there doesn't seem to
have been any protest from
the so-called liberals
side or outside the churches
against the fragrant dis
elimination involved.
@, 1868, New York Herald Tribune Int
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

down 25-year-old Guenther
Lifkin as he tried to reach
West Berlin, at least SO per-
sons have been killed at the
wall.
Over 1900 Arrested
At least IL have been seri-
ously wounded by gunfire, more
than $500 arrests have been
observed. East German border
guards have hurled more than
400 tear gas grenades into
West Berlin.
Despite the wall and the
guns, more than 5000 persons
have escaped to West Berlin,
through tunnels dug beneath
the wall, In cars and trucks
and even an armored car which
smashed through the masonry,
and In a low-slung sports car
which twice slipped beneath
steel barriers at q crossing
point.
More than $50 OF those who
have escaped to West Berlin
were border guards. fed up with
communism and orders to
shoot their own countrymen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
DORIS FLEEsoN
Tennessee Senator Found in Forefront
On Rights and as on Internotionulist

Estes Kefauver had a sure
instinct for the family
troubles Of Americans. He
seemed always to be sitting
down at table with people
to talk about the bad in
fluences which might affect
their children, the high cost
Of drugs, their utility and
grocery bills.
The stuff Of daily life for
most people was his special
ty. His native capacities,
joined with q law degree
from Yale, helped him to use
the political jungle most
hostile to reform in Wash
ington, the Senate Judiciary
Committee, as q forum for
these issues.
He was often ahead of
Tennessee opinion, as in
civil rights. He refused to
sign the Southern manifesto
against school desegregation
and took no part in south
ern filibusters or caucuses.
At the same time, he was an
ardent internationalist and
sowed much seed in fields
where the more sophisti-
Gated who scorned him as
naive now reap.
Against such q man the
Senate establishment is help
less, but he will always have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
French AirIiner
Crashes, Is Dead
Girl, 3, Survives

LYON, France. Aug. Is (AP)
A three-year-old girl les the
sole survivor Of the crash of a
French domestic airliner in
which Is persons died, one of
them a farmer on the ground.
Officials Of the Air-Inter
line said all IL passengers and
four crew members were from
Northern France.
TIE Viscount plane crashed
into a barn during a thunder
storm yesterday as the pilot
was preparing to land at Lyon.
Two nephews Of the farmer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
CHARLES BARTLETT

Senator Estes Kefauver
combined oxlike strength
with an extremely gentle
spirit, and his sudden death
at so is q testimony to the
demanding rigors Of Ameri-
can public life.
Senator Kefauver played
his political role with far
more drive and thoroughness
than most politicians, His
campaigns in the presiden-
tial primaries of 1852 and
1856 set a pace that none
of his competitors could
emulate. He applied awe
some stamina and bold dar-
ing to achieve a degree Of
national support that as
founded the hierarchy Of
the Democratic Party.
He became in these trav-
els a symbol to plain people
in small towns who had been
attracted by his crusade
against the mobsters and
found assurance in his UNI
adorned, hating manner.
He was one of them who had
left his own small town and
gone forth to slay the drag
ons in the cities.
The significance Of Sem
ator Kefauver's grueling for
avs into national politics lay
less in his ultimate capture
in 1856 Of the Democratic
vice-presidential nomination
than in his awakening Of
many small people to the
potential of their strength
in politics. He set a pattern
Of handshaking through the
grassroots and passing along
the factory workbenches
which has since been en-
ulated by a majority Of the
successful candidates for
office.
His untimely death is
almost certainly a conse-
quence of these exertions,
which became a physical or
deal of massive proportions as
he moved from State to State
to contend, with bare finan-
cial backing, against the
party organizations. An in
credibly robust man when he
began, Estes Kefauver never
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
Russians Reported
Near Guuntunumo

MIAMI, Fla, Aug. 10 (AP).
The United States Guan-
tanamo Naval Base in Cuba Is
being surrounded on the land
side by Soviet troops and mile
tary equipment, says a newly
arrived refugee from Eastern
Cuba.
The refugee. Jose Cuadradc.
SO, was among a group of 81
arriving at Key West aboard q
26-foot boat over the week end.
Other members of the party
said Cubans are complaining
about new ration cards which
reduce the amount of purchas-
able foods. =
s-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

It may be wondere d
whether the many clergymen
and church-organization lead
ers who are publicly urging
their congregations to par
ticipate In the August %
demonstration here would
help to organize a similar
protest If they fully under
stood the gross discrimination
which is sanctioned by Fed
eral law today as between
workers, whether they be
white or Negro.
A white man and a Negro
may be hired nowadays in
many plants because both are
efficient and Of good charac-
ter, but each must agree in
advance to join a labor union
after 80 days. It doesn't
matter II the employee has
conscientious beliefs against
government by trade union.
II his beliefs were in favor Of
socialism or any kind Of radi-
calisrn, including communism,
it would promptly be asserted
that the individual Is pro-
tected by the First Amend
ment to the Constitution.
But, under existing law, the
trade union demands that
when a majority in a plant
decide they want employment
closed to anybody except un-
ion henderson those work.
ers who viii agree after 80
days to join, the employer
must agree to abide by the
unions wishes or face a ruin
Gus strike.
u acn employe, however,
resuma bly, has equal
rights under the Constitu-
ton along with other citizens.
He is supposed to be immune
from punis Inn emit If he
chooses to reject someone
else's beliefs. But where there
is a union involved he soon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
Law Said to Require Worker to Suppress
Own Beliefs and Accept Dictdtion

discovers that he must aban-
don his convictions as the
price Of q job in free Amer
lea.
So, in this instance at least,
equal rights" is q misnomer.
It is a form Of discrimination
and, in theory. is Just as rep
rehensible as an attempt to
discriminate between citizens
because Of race or creed or
color.
It viii come as a surprise
to many people to learn that
the authority for the dis
elimination is written in the
Federal statutes. It was not
In the original Wagner La
Dor Relations Act, but, in
l947, this was amended by
what became known as the
Taft-Hartley Act. 1t legalized
what IS called the union
shop" This correspondent
incurred criticism from Re-
publican leaders OF the
Senate at the time for point
ing out the gravity Of this
alteration from the equal
rights doctrine. The House
of Representatives did not
favor such a provision, but
in the final conference the
Senate amendment was ac-
cepted. 30
For many years now ef-
forts have been made to
abolish the discrimination,
which really amounts to
compulsory unionization.
Congress, with a bit Of guilty
feeling. did declare in the
same law that, If a State at
any time wanted to nullify the
discrimination, it could pass
a law barring the effective
ness of the Federal laws
provision for compulsory
unionization in that State.
Several States have passed
statutes known as right to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13

were injured, but not seriously,
by flying debris.
The plane was bound from
Lille to Nice, on the Riviera.
The plane took off the roof
of the barn and also hit a
power pole. Wreckage was
scattered for 200 yards across
fields about IL miles northwest
of Lyon.
The pilots last message said
the sky was almost black with
low clouds at the time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
RedWaII 2 Years Old Today;
West Berlin Mourns Victims

BERLIN, Aug. IS (AP).-
Security forces were strength
ened on both sides Of Berlin
today as the divided city
marked the second anniversary
Of the Communist-b built wall.
During the night, West Ber-
lin police reported they heard
an explosion in the southern
outskirts Of East Berlin accom-
panied by a roar Of flame 80
feet high. They said they also
heard one shot fired.
The police said they had no
idea what had happened.
Heinrich Alberto, Deputy
Mayor and security chief, called
on West Berliners, meanwhile.
to remain calm and not repeat
last years anniversary riots.
Demonstrations won't get
US anywhere. They lead us to
trouble" he said over the radio.
Off-Limits Defined
British commanders in the
tri-partite city declared East
Berlin off-limits for British
forces today, except those with
duty there. while American
authorities appealed to United
States soldiers and civilians to
stay out Of the downtown east
sector.
French forces set up an
armored car patrol along the
part OF the wall bordering their
sector; British and American
troops reinforced their cross
over points into East Berlin.
Communist East Germany
increased the number Of border
guards.
At points along the concrete
barbed wire-topped barricade
West Berliners held me-
mortal services for the walls
victims - the dead the i'm.
prisoned and those separated
from families anc friends.
West Berlin police stationed
achievements along the wal
to keep any demonstration
from turning violent. On the
first anniversary last year
several thousand West Der.
liners attacked Soviet vehicles
with rocks and bottles and un.
leashed tear gas battles between
East German border guards anc
Western police.
Barbed Wire UnroIIed
On Sunday. August 10, 1861,
East 0ermany's Red regim,
sealed off West Berlin TO stem
the tide Of refugees from com,
munism. The day before. a new
refugee was registeref every a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-13
Barbed Wire UnrOIIed

On Sunday. August 10, 1861.
East oermany's Red regime
sealed off West Berlin TO stem
the tide Of refugees from COM
munism. The day before. a new
refugee was registeref every 40
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-05
mary W1y1nGn
fashion shows

informed Modelling from ~ Am. TO q PM
Embassy Millinery Scion : Downtown Store Only
Eoster Millinery FiestoI A delightful array of Spring
eonfeetons from the top designers In America Emme,
Adofo chondo, Mr. John. Sally Victor Irene Of New York,
John Frederies, Mr. Arnold and Vincent 4ornick
you'll see breothfokns creations by them all the most
eesonf collection we've ever assembled in one group
shownsl Mary Wymon will be in our Downtown Millinery
Salon on Wednesday and Thursday 10 help with YOUR
selections Come :. {. see deIaht IN our choices and
make them yours. From SIS 20 $40
Skefehed' Froth of white Illusion by AdoIfo
Hat $3.50, Stole, SIS.