davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Langston Hughes And
James Baldwin: Two
Important Books Reviewed

Deserved attention Is being commanded by
James Baldwins New Yorker essay ("Letter From
a Region in My Nfind") and the book that grew out
of 1t and has Just been published by Dial Press under
the title THE Fire Next Time" This Is work that
ought to make white people sit up and take notice.
Its publication, however Is a good occasion to
call attention to another work Of greater importance
and greater potential impact which has not re-
ceved the attention which 1t deserves.
Langston Hughes THE Fight For Freedom"
Berely Publishing Corp. Is just hard-hittng and
Just as bitter It Is also more in touch with the
realities Of the fight which Is going and 1t pre-
sents the struggle in more accurate perspective.
It Is important for Negroes and white people
alike to see the problem both realistically and In
perspective-and this emphatcally does not mean
pussyfootng with the issues the enemy. On the
contrary. So we hope that those who have been
touched by Baldwins powerful essay will also read
answer, to Baldwin's thesis We hope that every
body will read Baldwin, and we especially hope that
our white friends, sympathizers and otherwise, win
read him.
Much Of Langston Hughes report Is appalling
and terrifying. Some Of Baldwins observations are
terrifying, too For example, the observation that
only the Black Muslims, Of all Negro groups, have
learned how to deal successfully with the brutality
against Negroes which Is police policy north well
as SOUTH scare the police into inactivity from fear
of retaliation.
Hughes whose book Is the story Of the National
Association for the Advancement Of Colored People
favors the non-violent approach (as does Baldwin,
but Hughes does not soft-pedal the violence which
CONTINUED on Page 81
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
VIEWS & OPINIONS
THE WORLD OVER
Chester BowIes Points
Out Shame Of

US. Race Bios
Chester Bowles, the presidents
special adviser on African, Asian
and Latin American affairs, re-
ports that on a recent trip to Afri-
ca he was constantly questioned
about James Meredith and the
University Of Mississippi.
Why was there such racial dis
elimination? What was wrong
with America? Bowles found a
pat answer in defense Of our gov
ernment. He would say this:
Where else have you ever heard
of a government with such strong
convictions about racial equality
and such respect for law that 1t is
willing to muster 10000 soldiers to
enforce the right Of one Negro
student to an integrated educa-
ton?
The answer is impressive. But,
Bowles pointed out, there Is an
obvious follow-up question that
wasn't asked:
Why, 100 years after our Eman-
cipation Proclamation, was it nee
essary to call up an army division
to secure a basic human right es-
tablished under the 14th amend
ment to the United States Consti-
tuition?
That is the question Americans
should be asking themselves. The
government Is doing a fine job to
promote integration and guarantee
basic rights. But not enough ordin-
ary citizens are engaged in the
same thing. We have made gains
In the last few years. Yet 1t Is nine
years since the supreme court de-
cision on school education. And Of
some 100000 Negro children In
schools In IT southern and border
states only 100000 are In integrat-
ed schools. And most Of those
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
White Not Synonymous
With Right, Neither
Is Black

It has always been our position that white
chauvinism, as demonstrated by the white suprem-
acy crowd in this nation is a dangerous threat to
national unity. This paper feels the same about
black chauvinism, whether exploited by Black Mus
Inns cultists or the Negroes who use I'VE Negroes
techniques in irresponsible, emotional attacks on
whites in general.
We don't think white" means right, do we
subscribe that being a Negro Of African and Euro
pean descent makes superior to other ethnic
groups.
It is difficult for us to understand how the
American Negro who has all along been the victim
Of white chauvinism" in its worst form, can find
logic in copying the evils of the symptom by retreat
ing into extreme ''black nationalism."
Nor do we believe that the inherent good sense
which has made the Negro rather patiently accom-
odate himself to oppressive conditions, at the same
time pressing for and winning his rights will be
abandoned. Those forces which so foolish to
preach race hatred by Negroes as an answer to the
failure Of the majority group in this nation to grant
the Negro his full constitutional rights more rapid
ly, are on unsound dangerous ground.
The tremendous progress the Negro has made
In this nation has been due to the fact that he has
not used the despicable methods by which his op-
pressors have sought to keep him from full citizen
ship. After 100 years he stin proceeds steadfasty
forward trying to win equality within the frame
WOIh OI INC AmerlCan system Ok government ny use
Of his ballot the courts by direct but peaceful pro-
test by larger and increasingly effective Of his
economic power the Negro has been moving into
the main stream Of American Life without using
appeals to racial hate a weapon.
Luckily he has not In the main allowed frustra-
ton from mistreatment on every hand to embitter
him to the extent that he resorted to hate and bgot
ry his part. America Is indeed lucky that the
American Negro has not turned to subversion and
race hatred a emotional tool. That the Negro has
not resorted to such weapons Is evidence Of his faith
In a speeded up program Of extending all Of the
citizenship benefits well as the responsibilities
to Americans Of color.
Such devotion to the ideals which supposed
to be symptomatic Of democratic society must be
more greatly recognized by the white majority In
the us. less they unwittngly nurture In the Negro
feeling that he will only succeed by using the tao
tics Of the white supremacy crowd as exemplifed
by the Faubuses the Barnetts and the Eastlands.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Election Procedures
Proved Correct

We have had occasion during the election re-
count to comment upon the highly unsatisfactory
conditions under which Minnesota elections are
Quoted: the impossible hours, the inadequate work.
ing facilities, the occasional sharp practices in
things.
1t Is interesting, therefore, to find that despite
all Of the handicaps and limitations under which
election judges labor the original result which Min
nesota's voting process turned In Is the
that arrived at by a laborious recount under the
very best auspices carried by technical experts
subject to the challenges Of other technical experts
At the time that the Republicans obtained
order from the Supreme Court to the Canvassing
Board to count revised totals from precincts
lected by Republican sharpshooters and reverse the
original decision, high authority pointed out the
danger of this selective reopening Of precincts,
well its iegality. He pointed out that there
bound to be errors in the count, but that these
will tend to cancel each other out, except
where selective recounting is permitted.
This is exactly what has happened. There were
errors. The result, close it was, is the same
the original result. The result obtained by allowing
the Republican group to pick certain precincts for
recounting, has been reversed by a recount
full and technically correct it possible to get
Although there has been some grumbling about
the interference of the Supreme Court in the elec-
ton machinery, there has been nothing but admira-
ton for the excellent work done by the panel of
judges in charge of the recount Judges Sylvestre,
Keyes, and Kaner have earned the gratitude Of all
for difficult job well done.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

estimated 5000 Negroes fought in
the Revolutionary War.
March 8, 1857 - The Dred Scott
Decision Of the Supreme Court,
which denied Negroes the right OF
citizenship, was rendered.
March 8, 1920 - Slavery pro-
tected by Missouri Compromise.
March 8, 1853 - Bishop Daniel
A. Payne, AME leader, purchased
Wilberforce university from the
Methodist Episcopal Church for
$40, 900, at Xenia, Ohio.
March 8, 1857 - The Republic
Of Ghana, formerly Gold Coast,
was granted independence from
Great Britain.
March 7, 1899 - Estavanico ex-
plores Southwestern United
States.
March 7, 1920 - Cortez had Ne
groes in his party in conquering
Mexico.
March 8, 1871 - Oscar DePriest,
Chicago's first Negro alderman and
congressman, was born in Ala.
bama.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

Social and Personals writer Jones ran across this topical
written by Anna Burnett in the Wilmington NC JOURNAL
Titled Promoion?" thoughtful questions to
those who work for living. Miss Burnett's poem:
There's going to be a vacancy above you later on;
Some day you'll find the foreman the superintendent
you growing big enough case
To quit the holding and step into his place?
do work you have do with ease day to day.
But getting ready to deserve the larger pay?
If there should vacancy with bigger tasks to do,
Could step in and fill the place offered your
Tomorrows not so far nor is the goal you seek;
Today you should training the you'll
The bigger job just ahead day changes brings
suppose tnat post were vacant now could you take charge
things?
enough know enough your place today;
It's not enough to do enough to your weekly
Some day there be with greater tasks to do
Will you be ready for the place when shall fall to you?
Every longer
AS who has really thought too much about
occupation with its inevitable has been
daily young
oppressive lines
William Smith, assistant editor the first
edited the Twin City HERALD of 65 when first be-
working together nothing
did reminded his through the
association
gave youths
not completely but he extremely in spirit Un
you impressed by svey gray you'd you
working talking
the sO-caed prime of % which supposed to be somewhere
years age.
a early community
and figure became bedden his seventies and could longer
small office this whole establishment suffered
outlook optimism tolerance that
acrbe the failing often recognize that
youth in spirit is just as about as vital as youth in
this field the newsbOys with the older people
visit and then who personally col
their subscriptions, the pry citizens
thinking positive things, make
the good fortune begin O
dared call themselves editors We etorpub
Usher long that the factor does not important
retrospect 1t possible that than think will slow
already without realizing as
think outor the people who
this including the fellow with
coming will
Whenever anybody suggests this remind them of ~ Smith
seemed old in spirit Frank Nevens
dyeng business that still bears his
go along with that old saying "A
theory practice Of which younger
spirit than you years.-Ceci E. Newman.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Our Past This Week
CLIP for Negro History scrapbO,

-r ~SoAS 1SAJ oOAoPOOOh
March 1, 1895 - Abyssinians
defeat Italians at Adowa.
March 1, 1922 - Arthur G. Free,
upon the resignation Of John f.
Costello, became Recorder of
Deeds In Washington.
March I, 1927 - The first brick
was laid In Morris Memorial build
ing, Nashville, Tenn, The mort
gage-payng was celebrated in
1912.
March 2, 1867 - Reconstructiou
bill passed over President John
sons veto.
March 2, 1853 - Frederick
Douglass appeals to Negroes, to
join Union forces.
March 8, 1867 - Howard Univ
ersity, Washington, d. c., was
chartered by an Act Of Congress.
March 8, 1884 - Bishop Isaac
Lane, CME leader and educator,
was born in Jackson, Tenn.
March 8, 1887 - James M. Trot-
ter was confirmed as Recorder OF
Deeds, succeeding Frederick Doug
lass. .....
March 4, 1843 - Peter Ogden
was granted charter from England
to organize Negro Odd Fellows.
March s, ITO - Crispus At
tucks became first martyr for
American independence. Attuclxs,
a Negro sailor, was killed In the
Boston Commons Massacre and
was among first to shed blood An
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
A Subscriber Who
Is Student PIunS

To Pay Eventually
Editor: I read the Publishers
Corner" in the paper Of March 7,
1868. After reading this, I feel I
should write this letter.
I owe you for some years back
for the subscription to the paper.
I am still in school, the University
of Minnesota, and am not working
at the present time. I have been
very low on funds since 1859. How
ever, I do feel now that I should
have somehow managed to pay you
what owe. I will keep this in
mind in the future, and when
do have money I will pay my past
dues. Please continue to send the
paper to me if you can. - Sin
cerely yours, Q. T., Minneapolis,
Mimi, March 8, 1868.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

family. I did not realize until I
read your Publishers Corner of
two weeks ago that our Negro
fellow Americans had been prac-
tically excluded from social affairs
given by all us. Presidents until
the John Kennedys took over the
White House. I am sure millions
Of white friends Of the American
Negro are still unaware Of the sit
uation. I say bravo to the John
Kennedys! I repeat that I certain
ly vicariously enjoyed your Wash
ington trip with you, every min
ute Of it through the two pieces
you have written on the trip
Mrs. TheIma BerlacE, st. Paul,
Mimi, March 8, 1868.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Thinks Meeting Was
Flop; Questions Kings
Candidacy Eor rouunei

Editor: I wish to inform you of
the confusion which has arisen in
our Eighth Ward community on
the subject of Rev. Stanley Kings
decision to run for alderman of
this ward.
Rev. King and the Banner news
paper called a meeting March 8,
at Sabathani Baptist church, the
ostensible purpose which was sup
posed to help press the Negro for
ward in our community. However
the content of the meeting was a
flop. Frank Alsup was the chair
man.
I hope in some way that you
and others can put Rev. King on
the right track because he has not
shown the interest or participated
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Typographical Errors
Happen In The Best
AR n-ARs


Editor: Just as I was preparing
to phone your office and kid your
staff about a gosh-awful typo
graphical error on last weeks
front page I picked up my copy
Of the evening daily and saw an
error on its front page almost as
wild as the one your staff perpe-
trated. I then decided instead to
write you and tell you that my
wife and our family think that
even with the occasional typogra-
phical errors and lapses, your
paper Is still outstanding and we
are glad it comes to our house
each week.
My wife who had some Journal
ism in college thinks your paper
excellent in makeup, style and Vi
tality. Watch those typos Il picked
that word up from a newspaper
man friend) and keep the paper
coming. - A. L. Erickson, Minne-
apOlIs, MINI.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

sun will set on Everett Luoma
Portuguese Africa before Congress
ever gives self-government to the
only city in the United States with
a Negro majority"
Although it is true that the Con-
sitution does give Congress ex-
elusive authority to arrange the
government Of the District of Col
umbia, this does not necessarily
preclude home-rule.
Indeed, until the 1905 the
people of Washington did elect a
mayor and city council. In the
1S7Os, Congress suddenly decided
that the capitol was not ready for
democracy because, after the Civil
War, Negroes had won themselves
the right to vote.
This began a gradual degenera-
ton Of conditions within Washing
ton. By the 1920s, apartheid was
almost as rigidly enforced in Wash
ington as it is now in South At
rica. In this city, where the orig
inal Declaration Of independence is
enshrined in stately marble build
ing located on the site of an old
slave market, a Negro could not
eat in downtown restaurant, stay
at a luxury hotel, join the local
Bar Association or Press Club, or
become an apprentice in a build
ings-trade craft union.
These inhuman barriers of the
1920's have gradually fallen. The
Negro, however, still cannot be-
come a union bricklayer or elec-
trician because labor leaders, along
with the real estate men, remain
among the most devoted disciples
of jefferson Davis, the President
of the Confederate States of Amer
lea.
In 1854 occurred the greatest
victory yet in the Supreme Court
decision that declared segregation
itself an infringement of individual
liberties. But the Supreme Court
can only give the nominal rights to
the Negro. Only Congress can al
ter the economic conditions of the
Negro and Congress is determined
not to act.
Meyer further writes in the same
article, 1T is an old saw in the
Capital that General Lee never
captured the city in the Civil War
but that Confederates have ruled
it since"
The Confederates control
Washington, DC. because Of the
majority system so religiously
adhered to by both political part
les. In each Congress, either the
Senate or House District Of Col
umbia Committee Is invariably
In Dixiecrat hands.
How useful and important Con-
federate control Of Washington can
be was illustrated by an incident
few years ago when a notorious
Louisiana racist hired a photo
grapher to stir up a few staged
fist-fights between white and Ne
gro youngsters in order to drive
home the wickedness of "mixdn'
and minglin'."
The Dixiecrats can starve the
Washington school system Of
funds, harass it by Investigations
and then condemn the very results
they have helped to bring about.
This success In maintaining pow
erty causes the results Of poverty
The whites have been escaping to
the suburbs that the Negro Is moi
permitted to enter even If he had
the resources to do so. The result
Is that now s2% Of the public
school students In Washington are
Negro. Washington certainly is ar
ideal tool for anti-desegregatior
propaganda
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
FRANKLY SPEAKING
BY Everett Luonna

Karl e. Meyer writes in the Feb.
22nd edition Of the British weekly,
New Statesman, Two anti-coion-
ial rituals take place annually in
North America. At the United
Nations, Portugal Is condemned
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Political Assassination Is
cuIIed Worse Than
hl.I n -

mUToeT ny Snleo9o roper
If there Is a crime worse than
murder it is political assassina-
ton. Such a crime compounds the
sin Of taking life by weakening the
ability Of the people to govern
themselves in an orderly society.
There Is no proof as yet that
Aid. Benjamin s. Lewis was killed
from political motives. The man
ner Of the murder strongly sug-
gests, however, a deliberate ex-
ecution.
The Daily News rated Aid.
Lewis among the best members Of
the City Council. This Judgment
was ratified Tuesday when 12,189
voters in his oath Ward voted to
re-elect him, while only 888 op-
posed. This was more than an or
ganization victory; It was q per-
sonal tribute.
In the dark ways Of q segment
Of Chicago politics, the truth about
these matters is rarely fully re-
vealed. There had been a transit
ton Of power in Aid, Lewis's ward,
but he had won praise for the
sl1illful, amicable manner In which
the new Negro leaders had taken
command. But the ward has a
history Of violence, and the clue
may lie among some Of its smold-
ering feuds.
There appears to be a fun COM
munity realization Of the import
OF this shocking crime. This sense
Of horror is the best assurance that
the hunt for the guilty win be
unrelenting. - Chicago DAILY
NEWS.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
DRY POINTS

The chief actors In the nations
famous election contest are again
being urged to end the suspense by
Tipping a coin. Latest word from
the Horses Mouth, however, Is
that they are more In the mood to
flip a couple Of lids.
Assorted space probes have
failed to yield evidence that there
is life as we know 1t on other plan
cts: no carbon monoxide.
Indignation, outrage, and high
dudgeon are the reactions Of the
trade to legislative proposals that
manufacturer label their packages
with understandable statements Of
what's inside. Their spokesmen
protest that this violates their
most cherished article Of the Bill
Of Rights. The one that says
There's a sucker born every min
ute."
A major cause Of common colds,
says a researcher, Is polluted air.
This Is not to be confused with
polluted airwaves, which are held
responsible for malalse In a quite
different part Of the anatomy.
II It were true that time Is
money. just think Of the good for
tune Of those who wait for the bus.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
Enjoy Report On
Washington Trip BY
| p0narJe nn,hlishaS

Ss SHCs
Editor: Sometime ago I called
to complain about something !
didn't agree with which appeared
in your paper. Now, I think I
should tell you how much I am en-
joying the washington Diary"
telling Of the recent trip which
you and other Twin Citians made
to Washington for the Lincoln day
reception and buffet at the White
House.
Although I am a liberal Re-
publican I admire the youth and
spirit Of the present White House
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

I'VE get as upset as any at this
new crop Of teen-agers. And then
we read a letter one Of them has
written an expert asking how to
get rid Of pimples, and we realize
nothing has changed" - Richard
Mayer Jr, North Vernon (Tnd)
Sum.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

for her repression
in Angola, and ir
Washington ar
American Presi.
dent appeals
for an end tc
foreign rule In
the Capital City
1t is a prudent
wager that the
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14
It's AS Simple
AS This

The majority Of the American Negroes today do
not like minstrel shows, period They feel with good
reason that minstrel shows help perpetuate the
stereotypes which have hindered the acceptance Of
the Negro American citizen.
The fact that American Negroes reject minstrel
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

schools are either 95% Negro or
95% white. Furthermore, there Is
widespread job discrimination.
Government action isn't enough.
Nor is it enough to point to the
Constitution, to our laws, to the
Communist menace as reasons for
encouraging an end to discrimina-
ton. Bowles points out why we
must end it:
The reason is purely and simply
because racial discrimination Ia
fundamentally wrong. It files In
the face Of our Judeo-C Christian
heritage, our democratic ethics, our
sense Of how man should treat his
Observation-Disclosures journal.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1963-03-14

II It were true that time Is
money, just think Of the good for
tune Of those who wait for the bus.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

The suicide Of prominent person like Marilyn
Monroe is invariably followed by an increase in the
suicide rate. Exactly one week after Marlyns death
last August S, fewer than II people in New York
took their lives. In two days, ten persons in Los
Angeles did the same.
On The other hand, careful i.Sessisasion has
revealed Ghaf q large percentage Of the people
contemplating suicide eGse cry for help whieI,
u recesnised in time, woaId have made pos
sibIe 70 prevent ahe final act Of seIdesGrueGioH.
Much Of the important pioneer research in this
new field Of spOtting suicide types is now being done
inLOs Angeles by unique agency called the Suicide
Prevention Center. 1t has conducted compre-
hensive study of suicide based on data supplied by
the 5000 to 10000 persons year who make serious
Evening star., 1963-02-10
By JOE HYAMS
los AN0sIEs


SUICIDE is the tenth leading cause of adult deaths
in the United States - but because Of social and
religious tabOOs many people reluctant to admit
that it has affected their lives until headlines break
about someone prominent like Marilyn Monroe.
'Marilyn Monroe's death made the public aware
that suicide is one of this nations pressing public
health problems and common tragedy, +" Los Angeles
County's Medical Examiner, T. ]. Curphey told me.
The magnitude of suicide in this country is
generally underestmated. Here are the tragic facts:
In 1861, 1910 persons were officially listed as
suicides in this country, though prominent medical
statisticians such as Louis l. Dublin believe the
annual figure is actually nearer 25,OOO.
There is one suicidal death every 80 minutes =
and, for every at least eight suicide attempts.
Evening star., 1963-02-10

person VINO Is calling. And that
phone rings 700 times a year. !.
For example, on a recent day
when DR.. Farberow took such a
call he instantly reached for a
mimeOgraphed four page form
labeled Assessment Of Suicidal
Potentially"