davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23

THE SENATE ESTABLISH
ment. By Joseph S. Clark
and Other Senator's. Fore
v word by James MacGreeor
Burns. Preface by Senator
Clark. Tables, Illus; 1873
PIP. (American Century
Series AC67.) Hill and
Wang, Softbound $50, cloth
$3.50. -,
Last February, Senator
Clark, Democrat Of Pennsyl-
vania, launched an attack on
some Of the Senate's rules.
The debate seems to have
confused nearly everybody ex-
cept Senators (S0me Of them,
anyway and the experts in
arcana who cover the rites of
Capitol Hill for the press.
THE Senate Establishment"
reprints the relevant parts of
the record for February 10,
20, q, and IS, partly to give
the matter still wider public
itY, and partly to let brave
men try to find such firm
spots as may exist in the
bog.
The issue Is serious.
6. by and large, the two
thirds majority Of the Demo
cratic Senator's who are Ken
nedy men, and therefore lib
erals, and therefore want to
get the country moving again,
and therefore believe in the
inevitability Of change, are
represented sparsely, If at all,
in the Senate establishment. "
This statement Is the heart Of
the charge.
Liberals and Conservatives
Its ramifications, as Senator
Clark sees it, are just short of
disastrous. The country votes
liberal. The Senate. votes
conservative. As q result,
Congressional Governm ent
tends to come into disrepute.
81 believe" writes Senator
Clark in his preface, that
the Senate has become ar
chaic, outmOded, obsolete as
a meaningful democratic In
Stitution. If the Senate is to
perform its constitutional role
In the 10th century, it must
be changed to meet the needs
Of the 10th century, and made
capable of responding to the
problems Of the 10Th century"
Senator Clark and his main
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23

A three-Side presidential
campaign Il already going
on, more than q year In ad-
vance Of the election Of No
vember. 1884. In the hap
piest Of all possible circuFn-
stances for the incumbent,
John ?. Kennedy.
Only he can relax at this
point. The other two. Gov.
Nelson Rockefeller Of New
York and Senator Barry
Goldwater Of Arizona, are
involved IN the most urgent
contest to come at so early
a date in half-a-eentury of
White House politicking.
The first purpose Of any
national politician Is to d.
vide his antagonists and thus
70 rule. President Kennedy.
however. Is the beneficiary.
OF such q division without
having had to lift . hand to
create it. This Is being done
for him by Gov. Rockefeller.
whose attacks on Senator
Goldwater have become I'm
comparably more bitter than
any from the Democratic
side = and incomparably
more effective than any
from that side could possibly
be.
No Burden for Kennedy
When Gov. Rockefeller
charges that Senator Gold
waters foreign policy views
could mean. q disaster for
the future Of freedom" he
not only goes much farther
Than Mr.. Kennedy himself
would be prepared to 20. He
also lifts from the President
the whole burden of taking
those early and preeaution-
airy steps against the Senator
which otherwise he would
have to take. In q word, the
situation permits his own
strategy while Republican
fights Republican.
This. p destructive internal
Q. o. P. struggle, is precisely
the thing which above ali
others Senator Goldwater
has been trying to avoid.
aware, as he Is. that his Is
essentially a minority party
and can far less afford fam
lily snfping than can the
Democrats. This Is the mean
ing OF his persistent refusals
TO engage Gov. Rockefeller
In intra-party public debat-
ing from which the sole I'M
questionable gamer would be
the opposition Democrats.
It is all these circum-
StanceS-and not soma Ran-
nedy notion that Senator
Goldwater would necessarily
be q soft touch-that are
leading many observers to
suppose that the President
Is actively hoping for the
Senator's nomination. But
the truth is much more COM
plicated.
The President has not, in
fact. selected even in private
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23

Q. Where was the Ameri-
can Legion organized?-E. o.
A. The groundwork Of this
veterans organization was
laid in caucuSes held in Paris.
France. March 15-l7. 1919,
and in Washington, D. c., on
March z, 1919. Organization
work began both in the
United States and France on
April Z, 1919. A month later.
at q caucus in st. Louis, Mo-,
a temporary constitution was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23

adopted and policies were
formulated. The American
Legion was granted q charter
by Congress on September
Is, 1919, the first national
convention was held at Min
neapolis November 1912,
1919, q constitution was
adopted, and national Off
GERS elected. Perm anent
headquarters were estab-
lished in Indianapolis on No
vember "A, 1916.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23
LETTERS 10 THE STAR

Pen names may be used n
letters carry i0riters' correct
names and addresses. An let
tiers are subject to condenser
ton. Those not used sDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23

chickens may be small potatoes in inter-
national trade. But what they symbolic
here is rivalry and competition Of type
that could gravely weaken NATo Wis
avis the ever-present Soviet threat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23
Men at Work

When my wife and a
neighbor and / went to Up
per M arlboro to oppose q
developers" attempt to stick
a i0-story apartment COM
pick into the midst Of our
wooded single home subur-
ban area. we found our
Prince Georges County Com
mtSsioners hearing other
coming cases ct 1:30 pm.
At midnight they were still
listening to other cases, and,
when our case came up at
S:l5 am, I want to tell the
voters what happened. Too
often the press reports only
news Of Africa, Asia, and Al
ALBANIA instead Of news that
happens in our own baili-
wick. -
The five commissioners.
after 10 hours Of hearings,
were still alert. patient, cour-
teous, kind, and even humor-
Gus. They were expertly in
formed Of the geography and
economies Of our case, its So
cial implications, and It's
smaller aspects. Y.
We were impressed and
proud. Whether we win or
lose, we'd like to tell voters
that Frank Lastner, M.
Bayne Brook, Jesse Baggett,
Gladys Spellman, Robert
Surphin and their aides in
Leonard Dyer. the clerks Of
flee, are Woodworking public
officials who really seem to
care.
Napoleon had David. paint
a propaganda portrait Of him
working on state papers. "a
can die had burnt low, tfe
clock showed 4 in the norm
ing. May my letter be such a
genuine report Of Gun, local
leaders. John s. Hamilton.
Advice for Barry
Unless the Senator changes
his direction. the Goldwater
express Is bound to slow
down and run into trouble,
particularly when 1t m eets
the liberal faction. Of the
Republican Party. B. G.'s
vague and foggy platform Of
today could hardly carry its
own weight, much less win
the badly needed industrial
States: The powerful liberal
group OF the @. o. p. Just
doesn't figure. to back q cam
didate unless they believe he
has a good chance to win.
Herbert S0n,9nNrS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-23
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

reader BY mall question Of tact
D Please
Evening star., 1963-02-03
Background

NKTNTER had set in Except for relatively minor en-
W 0Ggements the lOGters around the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts and the endless skiTmishes on land the
GTies Of North and South preoccuped sOth trying
to make Themselves comfortable against the cold and
Oe In the critical thedteT of in Virginia the focus
Of attention the reorganization Of the Army of
the Potomac after its bitter defeats fredericksburg
and By the mud farther up the RGppdhannOck Riuer At
this season of 0Lbutmpossibe combat operations the
Rebels and their Federal counterpGTts sOere happy
enough to spend their time ScTounon0 up Dhdteuer
equipment and mGkeshtts they could to make homes"
for themselves and enjoy the respite from combat While
soldiers life IN the field battlefront has 0Oovs
been less than dreGmLGnd- matter Ohich por-Civi
War soldiers IN Ointer quarters to hare done quite
De With shelter hGlueS, tents and p0nchos as basic
ingredients, their protection against the elements Oent
as far their ingenuity iOOud take them Some dug
gopher holes" and erected the coverings to provide
heGdTOOm. Others built IO0Gndmud sdinOs above
ground Dith pOnehos for roofing FrOntierstvLe log
cabins popular And most eOntrUed replGces and
chmnevs Of sticks and mud and often these sOere topped
Nth empty barrels to improve the draft Leaves and pine
needles usually Serued flooring they could not find
furniture By moonlight reqistiOn." the men Uould
make their out Of bores and soplin0s Evergreen
boHOhs served aromatic decorations Occupants Oaoe
their homes picturesque names like "Astor House."
"S0ine Hotel" "Buzzdrd Roost" and the inevitable
"DeV Drop Inn" With candles for illumination they
loOed in their ipropised hunks and ssO0pped Stories
sang nostalgia songs, pIueked Orovbacks" from their
clothing. conided to their diaries, read pOcketsize
Bibles, vrote letters home (nost Of them using most
original spellin0) and 0ambled CiU War GIs had no
Ernie Pyle chronelin0 their davtoddy life In The Star
The correspondence pheh reached the paper dealt Cith
NpAY MAGAZINE THE WASHINGTON STAR FEBRUARY 3, 1
Evening star., 1963-02-03

the general and the official aspects of the armies Post
UGr memoirs, letters and diaries, and the i0or of the
combat artists and comp photographers UouId edpe the
best record You could certainly conclude from
HentoTy in The Star, that the of the Army of the
Potomac that iOnteT looking to their needs and
keeping their spirits up despite recent defeat and
adversely Of UeGther.
From The Evening STAR Thursday. January -. 1888;
THE RAPPAHANNOCK ARMY.
Its Condition.
seat of war;.
The Army ofthe Potomac (he says) is like the soil
of Virginia the upper crust is hard but thn little
rain soaks it and underneath lies a treacherOus
quicksand Break through the crust and you sink in.
stantly to depth that makes movement impossible.
good deal has been said of the Generalization of
the army The word is too strong does not apply to
the mass of the army at ALL.
So long as they iOere SOGrm and reasonably
sOeII5ed, the troops paid little mind to iOhGt the
high brass wGs doing
From The Evening Star. Wednesday February 4 1853
FROM THE ARMY OF THE
RAPPAHANNOCK.
Correspondence Of the Philadelphia Inquirer)
IN CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA, Feb. L.
Matters remain here without change.
General Hooker, our new commander, it sun
derstOod. intends making thorough reorganization
of the army, before a forward movement takes
place..
Cen Hooker knows too well the importance of
harmonious action in army like this, and, fully
sensible to the responsibilities Of his position, has
determined to make the army a unit ...
NEXT SUNDAY: Furry on Charleston
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
WestVirginio
Fight Urged
By GoIdwuter

CHARLESTON, w. Va, July
81 (AP).-Senator Goldwater
Republican of Arizona, has In
dicated he would like to see
three or more Republicans en-
ter the West Virginia presiden-
tial primary election next year.
At the same time, Senator
Goldwater left the door open
for his own entry into the West
Virginia primary.
Senator Goldwater's remarks
were included in a letter to
WCHS-TV, which had offered
its facilities for debate between
Senator Goldwater and Gov.
Rockefeller Of New York If the
two G. o. P. leaders wage q
primary campaign in West Vir-
ginia.
Should the situation develop
that you alphabetically outline
in your telegram" Senator
Goldwater replied in a letter
received by KCHS-TV, II will
certainly give every considera-
ton to your invitation"
However, I would be disap-
pointed as a Republican If 1t
turned out that there were only
two candidates regardless Of
who they are"
WCHS-TV said 1t had re-
ceived no reply from Gov
Rockefeller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
ests Prove Slain Koreans
Killed Two u. S. Soldiers

SEOUL, Korea, July 81 (AP)
The Communist guns which
killed two United States SOL
dierS and wounded a third Mon
day just south of the demil-
itarized zone were the same
weapons carried by North Ko-
rean soldiers killed yesterday,
a United Nations Command
spokesman announced.
"BalliStic tests have proven
conclusively that submachine
guns taken from two North Ko-
reans killed Tuesday afternoon
are the same weapons used in
the Monday morning ambush
attack" Col. George Creel said.
Col. Creel explained that the
markings on the bullets taken
from the dead (American)
cavalrymen compare with the
markings on bullets fired from
the captured submachine guns.
The lands and grooves of the
inside Of the gun barrels left
the same markings on the test
bullets as those found on the
bullets removed from the bodies
during the autopsy"
The land is the raised part
between. the grooves inside a
gun barrel.
Shots Exchanged Again
United States soldiers Tex
changed fire with the enemy"
early today for the third con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31

first two North Korean soldiers
yesterday.
Sergt. Cooper, an infantry
man with battle experience in
the Solomons and Philippines,
said the machine gunners who
killed the Communists came
within three or four yards of
them.
Growth Of grass and weeds
in the region near Munsan-ni
is so thick and high I'VE
couldn't see them" Sergt.
Cooper said. "They were lying
down on the ground and in a
depression.
Zone Of them fired at us
when we were about Is yards
away partially revealing their
position" Sergt. Cooper said.
He shook his head, adding,
that was the shot that killed
the fellow from the 7th Infan-
try Division"
Corpl. Larion had been tax
ing machine-gun practice on
the 4th Cavalry Regiment range
and went over to join the skir-
mish line. He was hit Just be-
low the rim Of his helmet.
Sergt. Abraham McManus.
q 6-foot-41a-inch Negro from
Hamler, N. c., and Pfc. Robert
e. Eldridge Of st. Louis, Mo-,
were credited with killing the
two North Koreans
They were practicing with
Corpl. Larion on the machine
gun range when Sergt Cooper
organized his skirmish line.
Sergt. McManus reported:
II was about five yards away,
I think, when we spotted the
North Koreans lying in front
Of a trench. We had been
shooting at anything. There
was not much time to snalyze
the situation.
II didn't feel anything at
all. If I had to do 1t over,
I'd do it again"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31

grooming to succeed me-" viii
serve out the remaining yeal
and a half Of Mr.. Walters
term. Mr.. Walter, a 30-yeaI
veteran of Congress and chair
man of the House Un-American
Activities Committee, died OF
leukemia on May 80.
Mr.. Rooney, the bachelor son
of an Irish immigrant, cam
paigned as a strong supporter
Of medical care for the elderly
under social security, area re-
development and the retraining
of workers.
Most of his voter support
came from industrialized
Northampton County, in which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31

secutive day Just south Of the
demilitarized zone separating
North and South Korea, Brig
Gen. Charles Pershing Brown
announced.
Gen. Brown, acting COM
mander Of the LIST Cavalry Di-
vision, gave this account:
"Stakeouts north Of the I'm
jim River but south Of the de-
militarized zone observed move
ments in their sectors and there
were exchanges Of fire. No one
was wounded or killed on ouI
side and there were no definite
results from the contact"
Gen. Browns statement gave
credence to the belief that the
Communists have increased
their infiltration Of the To-
year-old buffer zone dividing
North and South Korea.
Two Commit Suicide
North Koreans ambushed
three troopers Of the LIST Cav
airy Division early Monday,
killing two and wounding the
third. Yesterday patrols OF
United States troops and
South Korean policemen
flushed four North Korean SOL
diers six miles south Of the
armistice line.
A 7th Division infantryman
and a cavalry trooper killed
two Of the Reds. The other
two committed suicide.
One American, Corpl. George
F. Larion, "a, Of Dawson, Mich,
and q South Korean policeman
were killed in the action yes
terday, bringing U. N. casualties
for the week to three Ameri-
cans and q South Korean killed
and one American wounded.
Sergt. Mai. Kenneth w,
Cooper Of Sterling, Colo, was
identified as the soldier who
organized the skirInish line
which stalked and killed The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31

is located the home town Of
both candidates, Bethlehem.
He also carried Carbon County
in the anthracite area, hut he
lost the other two counties in
the district, Monroe and Pike,
in the Pocono Mountain resort
area.
Mr.. Rooney said the outcome
was "a distinct defeat for the
radical wing Of the Republican
Party" During the campaign,
Mr.. Bartlett denied charges Of
"rightiSt tendencies"
Mr.. Bartlett went to Mr..
Rooney's headquarters and, be-
fore hundreds of Democratic
workers, conceded the election.
Mr.. Bartlett and Mr.. Rooney
shook hands.
Mr.. Rooney, a real estate
salesman, entered politics in
1854 when, at the age Of 20, the
late State Senator Joseph j.
Yosko put him to work reorgan-
izing the Young Democratic
Clubs Of Northampton County.
Mr.. Yosko was so impressed
with Mr.. Rooney's ability that
he made him q partner in his
real estate firm.
In 1858, Mr.. Yosko died and
Mr.. Rooney was elected his sue
cussor.
Mr.. Rooney served two years
in the Army after his gradua-
ton from high school in 1914.
He was discharged with the
rank Of corporal in the para
troops. He then went to the
University of Georgia and was
graduated in 1850 with q major
in business administration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
Young Democrat Is Elected
To Walters Seat in House

BETHLEHEM, Pa, July 81
(AP).-Fred B. Rooney, 81
year-old Democrat, has been
elected to fill the unexpired
term of his political tutor, the
late Representative Francis E.
Walter, in a special election in
Pennsylvania 18th congress
sional district.
Mr.. Rooney said his victory
yesterday over Republican
Robert A. Bartlett, 3I-year-old
personnel executive of Bethle-
hem Steel Co., was "a decisive
vindicatlon of President Ken
nedy, whose policies were under
attack" in the campaign, and
a reputation of Republican
Gov. William w. Scranton.
In the unofficial tally, Mr..
Rooney received 1887 votes
to Mr.. Bartlett's 41,174.
The total represented more
than go per cent Of the dis
trict's voters. It surprised most
political observers, who had
predicted q small turnout be-
cause Of the midsummer cleo
ton date.
Third Special Election
It was the third special cleo
ton in the Nation this year.
Republicans won the other two,
succeeding Democrats. The
Republican National Commit
tee sent several representatives
to help Mr.. Bartlett. The
Democratic National Commit
tee sent one aide to Mr.. Rooney.
Mr.. Rooney, who said "the
biggest thrill of my life came
when Congressman Walter in
troduced me as the man I'm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
By the Associated Press

United States military chiefs
kept clear of the alarm but
ton today while watching for
signs indicating whether the
outbreak Of shooting incidents
in Korea might foreshadow
major action by the Commun-
lists.
So far, the disposition In the
Pentagon is to regard the Incl
dents this week as isolated.
Any further ambushes by
North Korea's Red marauders
or encounters with them could
raise the level of concern, sour
ces said, because they might
point to development Of an Of
fensive pattern.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff
were being kept abreast Of the
situation along the demilitar-
lied zone by a stream Of mess
ages from the Far East.
But for the present at least
they were leaving the reins In
the hands of the United States
Command in Korea.
No Special Alert
There has been no special
alert Of American forces out
side Korea. informed authori-
ties said.
In South Korea itself, pa
trolls have been strengthened
and vigilance increased along
the 150-mile no mans land
separating Communist and
Communist halves Of the
country.
Three United States soldiers
and a South Korean policeman
have been killed this week
battling raiders near the de-
militarized zone. Four North
Korean Communist infiltrators
died violently yesterday on O
penetration 6 miles south OF
the armistice line. A U. N
spokesman said two Of the In
filtrators committed suicide
when surrounded.
Meanwhile, American diplo.
matte officials we're studying
the flareup In Korea against
the background of the Chimes
Communist cleavage with Rus.
STA and Red China's espousal Of
a hard line against the west.
The North Koreans have
aligned themselves with the
Chinese, who supported them
In the Korean War.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31

United States soldiers Tex
changed fire with. the enemy"
early today for the third con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
Night Raiders Attack

CORAL GABLES, Fla. (AP).
- An unusual rash Of night
raiders - foxes, raccoons, and
possums - have plagued res
idents here by overturning gar
bage cans and scattering OF
eating the contents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-31
Korea FIoreups Viewed
AS Isolated Incidents

State Department spokesman
Richard I. Phillips said yester-
day the North Koreans agrees
siveness appeared to be q dem
onStration Of turbulence con-
nected with the 10th anniver-
sary Of the armistice which
brought an end to big-scale
fighting In Korea.
However, I would not want
to exclude the possibility OF
their being linked to wider de-
velopments In ASIA" Mr.. Phil
lips said.
BY this, he meant reports OF
a Chinese military buildup
along midas frontier, which
Chinese troops penetrated last
fall. The new buildup has In
volved mainly ground elements
the State Department spokes-
man said.
Significantly. Mr.. Phillips
told newsmen there have beer
no reports here Of troop move
ments inside China itself.
The United States and South
Korea are in an infinitely better
military position than they
were Is years ago when the
North Koreans poured across
the 38th Parallel in q surprise
attack.
TrOps Had Left
At that time, the only Amer
lean fighting men In Korea
were about 500 military ad-
visers stationed with Korean
forces. The last United States
combat troops had been pulled
out more than a year before,
The South Korean Army in
mid-1950 had only about 65,-
900 combat-ready men and was
badly outgunned by the North
Koreans. The South Korean
air force then numbered 20
planes.
Today, there are $4,000
American military men In
South Korea, including the LIST
Cavalry and 7th Infantry
divisions.
The South Koreans now
have q 100000 man force
equipped and trained by the
United States.
Backing UP United States
Army and Air Force units In
Korea are some 10000 men on
Okinawa, strong air elements
in Japan. on Okinawa, in the
! Philippines and on Formosa.