davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
For Rail Transit

comes again Martin WOhl,
transportation expert from
the Commerce Department,
to boost an all-bus transit
system for Metropolitan
Washington. Speaking before
the D. c. Advisory Board of
the American Automobile As
ISOLATION, he advises taking
into account with costs, diff
ferences in service, such
things as comfort, speed,
convenience, privacy and ca
pacity.
Favoring buses, as he does,
Mr.. Wohl must believe that
they excel rapid transit
trains in providing the
above mentioned services.
This leads me to believe that
transportation experts cat
least some of them should
be included with engineers
and planners in his state
ment that Engineers and
planners are not stating re-
suits in terms the public can
understand" 1t also leads me
to believe that Mr.. Wohl
greatly underestimate the
capacity of the public to I'M
derstand.
AT any rate, the report Of
the trio that he headed sug-
gested that bus transit sys-
TENS should be the systems
for the cities of the future
and relegated rail transit
systems to cities of the past.
If this is accepted as fact
1t would mean the quietus
to rail rapid transit.
Yet the facts indicate 9TH
erwise. San Francisco has
just voted for a modern rail
rapid transit system - to
cost as much as the Meta
report suggests as the cost
Of its proposed rail system.
In Europe, Amsterdam has
replaced bus routes with a
new rapid transit line. Other
cities are planning to build
rapid transit lines. Toronto
is expanding its subway sys-
TEN.
The facts are just the re-
verse of the forecast Of Mr..
Wohl that buses are for the
future and rails are of the
past. Rail rapid transit Is
the transit system that will
service the cities Of tomor-
row. Buses will be utilized
as collectors and distribu-
tors to a certain extent for
the rapid transit lines. But
the cities of tomorrow will
utilize rail rapid transit as
the backbone of their trans
portation.
Z. v. Mailman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
Worth q Trial

The Commissioners say hopefully
perhaps too hopefully-that their ban
on arrests for investigation" should not
&c hamper effective law enforcement. This
- is based on the contention that so per
cent or more of past arrests for investi-
cation could have been made on 'prob-
? able cause" But what about the others?
In such cases effective law enforcement
will be hampered-and this despite the
new legislation which Congress will be
asked to enact
This is not said in any spirit of
criticism of the Commissioners. Arrests
for investigation are illegal, and, with
the issue raised, they had no choice
except to ban them. Nothing is gained,
however, by trying to gloss over the
probable consequences in a city that is
already ridden with crime. This ban will
hamper the police.
To soften the impact, the Commits
sionerS have asked Congress for law
which may be of some help in felony
cases. If police officer has good cause
to believe" that a person may be able
to give evidence relating to crime, he
would be authorized under the proposed
law to seek a subpoena requiring such
person to appear before judge or a
United States Commissioner. The judi
cial officer would inform the defendant
of the purpose of the subpoena, would
advise him that he is not required to
make any statement which would tend
to incriminate him, and that any state
ment or evidence which he gives may be
used against him in a criminal pro-
ceeding The police officer then would
have six hours in which to question the
person, and the latter would be subject
to punishment for contempt should he
refuse to answer queStionS-except, of
course, questions which would tend to
incriminate him. Nothing is said about
any right to counsel, and this will stir
up row. But if the presence of a lawyer
should be required, the whole business
might as wei! be forgotten. For lawyer
surely would advise his client to make
no statement to the police on grounds of
possible Standardization, and this
would be especially true if the individual
actually had been involved in a crime.
In our opinion, the six-hour ques-
tioning period is not long enough. But
it is better than no questioning, which is
the result under the Mallory rule in an
actual arrest on probable cause. At least
the suggested procedure, or something
like 1t, deserves a trial. If experience
shows it to be inadequate-if the result
should be a significant hampering of
law-enforcement-the argument for leg
iSlative modification of the Mallory rule
would be that much stronger.
We think that the police, once they
have made lawful arrest, ought to have
a reasonable period of time in which to
question a suspect. And If voluntary
confession is obtained during this period
of time it ought not to be barred at the
trial. This is the general rule through
out the country. Why should it not be
the rule in the Capital City of the
country?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
Suez Report

On January /, 1868, the
United Arab Republic paid
S9.2 million to the share
holders Of the nationalized
Suez Canal Company. This
sum represented the last in
stallment of compensation
provided for in the Ma
tionalization Decree Of July
26, 1856.
The Naturalization Law
stated that Shareholders and
holders Of constituent shares
shall be compensated in &C
cordance to the value Of the
shares on the Paris Stock
Market on the day preceding
the enforcement Of this law"
Pursuing this promise and
implementing this law. Egypt
reached an agreement with
the representatives Of the
shareholders in Rome on
April 20, 1859, and the pay
ment on New Years Day was
the last installment accord
ing TO this agreement. Thus,
Egypt's account with the ma
tionalized company and its
shareholders has come to an
honorable end.
The news OF this payment
from Cairo has not been
published here. / am sure you
realize that this payment is
not only a fulfillment Of an
obligation, but an achieve
ment Of the kind OF con-
clusion the government Of
Egypt had intended TO ac-
complish as an end 10 the
long story Of the Suez Canal.
Yet, Egypt's intentions we're
interfered with by the series
OF events that constituted
what is now termed the "Suez
Crisis" and which in effect
impeded her intentions.
Recalling the anger and
resentment which Egypt
faced in 1856; the voices OF
pessimism and doom which
threw serious doubts on our
ability 10 run the canal and
on the sincerity OF our prom
Uses, the petulant efforts OF
the nationalized company TO
cripple the operations OF the
canal by withdrawing 10 per
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
Liberty Amendment

The Kennedy administra-
ton is determined to lower
taxes during a year Of an
ticipated expenditures of 500
billion. The increased deficit
spending will initiate our cur
rency and increase consumer
prices. There are many pos
sible motivations to impute
to those economists" who
support tax reduction at this
time.
One possible motivation for
tax reduction could be fear of
adoption Of a presently pro-
posed amendment to our
Constitution. Entitled the
Liberty Amendment, its pur-
pose is TO get the Govern
ment out OF all businesses not
specifically authorized by the
Constitution. The losses sus-
tanned annually by the Fed
eral Government require the
expenditure Of practically all
individual income taxes col
lected by the Federal Gov
eminent, The Liberty Amend
ment would repeal the indi-
vidual income tax (Amend-
ment XVI and restrict our
Governments income TO
funds collected through cor
porate income taxes, excise
taxes, and import export
taxes, CThe remaining con-
stitutionally authorized func-
tons Of our Government are
supported by these taxes
Data substantiating the fea-
sibility of the Liberty Amend
ment have been compiled by
the National Committee for
Economic Freedom, 64l3
Franklin avenue, Los Angeles
%. Calf.
Seven States wyoming,
Texas, Nevada, Louisiana,
Georgia, South Carolina. and
mississippi have ratified
this amendment. Thirty-four
States are planning TO con-
slider II for ratification dur
ing legislative sessions in
1868 George II. Miller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
Planning Struggle

According to Maryland's bi-county
planners, the Metropolitan Washington
Council Of Governments is engaged in
an empire building" effort which "du-
plicates" the functions Of other agencies
and which threatens the autonomy OF
local area jurisdictions. Therefore. says
the MarylandNational Capital Park and
Planning Commission, the governing
bodies OF Montgomery and Prince
Georges Counties should withdraw COM
pletely their financial support from the
Council OF Governments.
II is a fact that a power struggle
over the control Of planning in the
Washington area has been developing
for some time-a point on which the
Maryland planners are UNDERSTANDABLE
sensitive. Several weeks ago. for exam
pie, the director Of the National Capital
Regional Planning Council suggested a
grandiose scheme for his group, which
in our opinion was highly unrealistic.
Possibly someone will come up with a
proposal for expanding the Council Of
Governments that might be Just as bad.
II so, II will have to be judged on its
merits.
But II is ridiculous TO suggest that
the Council Of Governments serves no
useful purpose, or that 1t poses any
serious threat at this time to local au-
tonomy. The council, which is composed
OF governing and legislative officials
from each city and county in the area,
was created about five years ago to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
THE PASSING SCENE
BY WILLIAM S. WHITE
Mccormack 'Emerqes' as Leader

Congress has at last en-
tered the st-Rayburn era,
more than a year after the
death of the man whose pow
er and personality had domi-
mated 1t so long - Speaker
Sam Rayburn of Texas.
The success Speaker,
John w. Mccormack of Mas
sachusetts, has now emerged
from the long shadow of Mr..
Sam" to become the head, in
fact, of the House of Rep
personalities. So, too, has
emerged the assisting group
Immediately around him -
Representative Carl Albert of
Oklahoma, the Democratic
floor leader, and Representa-
tive Hale Boggs of Louisiana,
the Democratic Whip, or as
sistant leader.
All this must now in fair
ness be said by those who,
like this columnist, had seen
Sam Rayburn of Texas, agree
with him always or not, as
more or less the indispensa-
BILE man. 1t is not necessary
to go so far as to say that
Mr.. Mccormack has succeed
ed to all of Mr.. Rayburn's
prestige or rare sense of ma
tional responsibility.
He has, however, now truly
and fully succeeded to Mr..
Rayburn's position. Hereto
fore, he was a sort of proba-
tionary Speaker serving in q
chamber where the old mas
ter's commanding voice had
been so profoundly missed
that the ukases of his sue
cessor tended to be lost in
the nostalgia of the yester-
days.
All this, though not incon-
siderable, is about the only
real meaning of the success
of Mr.. Mccormack, Mr.. AL
bert and Mr.. Boggs - allied
with the Kennedy White
House - in keeping the vital
House Rules Com mittee
packed as Speaker Rayburn
himself had packed 1t at the
onset of another Congress in
1861.
Bad Situation Averted
The mere result itself, de-
spite much happy gee-whiz-
zing by leadership Democrats,
was not so much a victory as
a staving off of defeat. After
all, the administration is no
better off than it was before.
But - after all, too - 1t is
surely no worse off; and
worse off it very well might
have been.
The Rules Committee has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
A Case Book of Law for Loymen
By DONALD MINTZ

their decisions on concepts Of
property rights.
The idea that privacy" in
and of itself is a right that
can and should be protected
by the courts, even where
statutory authority is lacking,
was first clearly enunciated
not in a decision but in an
article by Samuel D. War
rem and the subsequently ia
nous Louis D. Brandeis in
the Harvard Law Review for
December, 1890. This article
is reprinted in full, though
most Of the actual decisions
in the book are abridged.
ERNST AND SCHWARTZ
do not go into matters like
overlapping and more tech
nologically sophisticated sorts
OF electronic eavesdropping.
They seem to feel that there
is still too much confusion
here; the law is just now be-
ing made. This is a real loss,
for the book makes plain
that the authors are fully
capable of making complex
legal matters accessible to
the average reader.
Perhaps one should say
the average. sophisticated
reader" If such a person can
be imagined. For 1t is not
until page 2l3 that the au-
thors remember to define
concur" and dissent" In the
legal sense. Statutory"
common" and "constitu-
tional" as those terms are
used In the law fare some
what better. They are de-
fined on page l49.
II the reader is assumed
to need those definitions. he
must be assumed to need
them sooner than that; they
have every appearance Of be-
ing afterthoughts.
Not many laymen will OBJ
ject to the elimination of
citations. But why should
the names Of the justices be
omitted from the decisions
themselves, and then some
times allowed TO make sur
reptitious appearances else
where in the book?
Finally. there seems no rea-
son why Messrs. Ernst and
Schwartz should labor so dill
gently TO be colloquial; they
merely sound labored. The
decisions themselves, OF
course, are highly formal,
sometimes even magisterial-
which is not surprising. Most
OF them demonstrate that for
all the sad. old Jokes about
legal prose. the law Is often
expounded with a sharpness
and clarity far surprising
that Of most "easier" writing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11

a qualified - but not a total
right to prevent legislation
from reaching a vote in the
House, because this commit
tee normally must give right
of way to all bills. Two years
ago Mr.. Rayburn had in
creased 1t from IL to is mem
bers so as to reduce the pow
er of its conservative coali-
ton to bottle up Kennedy
measures. The change was
only to last until 1868 unless
the House by affirmative &C
ton decided otherwise.
The question as this new
Congress opened thus was
whether the committee
should revert to the total
clutches of the Republican,
Southern Democratic coali-
ton or remain the moderate
instrumentality which Mr..
Rayburn had made it.
Proof of Leadership
With a good deal Of hard
wheeling and dealing, and
maybe a little log rolling -
all of which is both constitu-
tional and permissible - Mr..
Mccormack and his associ-
ates saved the committee at
its present size. Though lit
orally 1t was a standoff, in
spirit it was more than this
since 1t was so much better
than the defeat which had
seemed only weeks ago likely
to await them.
The value Of the episode
to the Kennedy administra-
ton is its proof that the Nc
Cormack leadership - allied
to other increasingly savvy
Boston political pros in the
White House like Kenneth
ODonnell and Larry O'Brien
has come into its own.
So, too, have they.
1t would be the greatest
mistake, however, to suppose
that all is now clear in the
House for liberal" legisla-
ton. The Rules Committee is
still there, and unchanged.
That part of the Presidents
program which is welfarist
in tone will be no better off
than before.
For the sole real victory
here, apart from the personal
vindication of Mr.. McCor-
mack's leadership, is a VIC
tory not for liberalism" but,
again, for moderation. 1t is
the mixture as before, the
only difference being that the
new pharmacist, Mr.. McCor-
mack, is now fully qualified
In his own right.
(Copyright, 1963)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
Fire Detectors

Recently The Star reported
that. according TO estimates
Of the National Fire Pro-
lection Association, fires
killed about 1890 persons
In 1862 and severely burned
a staggering number OF our
citizens, some / 100000
This comes about TO q
large extent because a fire
In the night is a sneak at
tack, claiming It's victims
while they are asleep, over
powering them with SUPER
heated gases. noxious fumes
and flame.
For years people looked on
a disastrous fire as an act
OF God, something that little
II anything could be done
about, However, thanks TO
technical Developments steps
can be taken 10 eliminate
most Of these injuries and
deaths.
l refer TO the automatic
fire detectors which are
listed by the Underwriters
Laboratories. They give
prompt and loud warning,
when properly installed. and
IN the opinion OF many fire
authorities are the only de-
vices which can effectively
guard against the conse-
quences Of fire IN the night
In the average home.
Edgar v. II. Hobbie.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11

cent Of the pilots and techni-
clans Of the canal in Septem-
Der 1855 and the foolish ag-
erosion launched at the end
Of october 1856 against the
land and the people of Egypt
recalling all of these i'm
pediments, perhaps you
would agree with me that a
word Of qualification might
have been fit upon the &C.
casion Of Egypt's fulfillment
Of her compensation promise.
1t is disquieting to have
this final event in the most
significant chapter of the
history Of the last decade go
unrecorded by the American
press, which devoted so much
space and effort to the
Crisis" But, since the finale
has gone untold, please
permit me to briefly tell
about the rest of our in
tentions. We intended, by
Matchmaking the Suez Canal
Company, to thrust the
waterway into a new era in
service to world commerce
and navigation. Our program
to deepen and widen the
canal has permitted the
largest vessels and oil tank
ers Of today to sail its
waters and further improve
ment programs will allow the
largest ships and tankers of
tomorrow to navigate the
waterway.
The canal traffic, laden
with vital material, has al
most doubled since 1856. Its
safe, efficient passage is
now directed by television,
wireless, and helicopters, and
is serviced by some of the
best equipped dry and float
ing docks in the world. The
waterway is maintained by
the most modern hydraulic
dredges and the satisfaction
of world navigation and
world commerce circles is I'M
restrained.
Therefore, the UA.R. has
not only fulfilled the promise
of compensation to the
stockholders, despite the
Crisis" but has demon.
strated a great sense Of in
ternational responsibility by
emphasizing the future i'm
portance Of the canal as a
lifeline Of world commerce.
MOhamed Habib
Press Counselor,
Embassy Of the
United Arab Republic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry DrtterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
PRIVACY: THE RIGHT TO

y
BE LET ALONE by Morris
L. Ernst and Alan U.
Schwartz. (Milestones of
Law Series, vol. H. 238 PIP.
Macmillan Co., So
THE right of privacy, or
the right of the individual to
be let alone is a personal
right. which Is not without
judicial recognition. 1t is the
complement of the right to
the immunity of ones per-
son. The individual has al
ways been entitled to be pro-
tected in the exclusive use
and enjoyment of that which
is his own. The common law
regarded his person and
property as inviolate, and he
has the absolute right to be
let alone. When there
is an alleged invasion of
some personal right, or priv
ilege, the absence of exact
precedent and the fact that
early commentators upon the
common law have no discus
sion upon the subject are Of
no material Importance in
awarding equitable relief"
1t is in passages like these
that the courts make the
common law. And, as so Of
ten happens, the justices OF
the New York Court Of APP
peals, the States highest
court, who were not disturbed
by 1.-The absence of exact
precedent" were for the mo-
ment in the minority.
This dissent was written
in 1902 in Robertson VS.. Roch-
ester Folding Box. Miss Rob-
erson found that without her
or her parents consent, $25,-
600 photographic prints. pho
tographs and likenesses were
being used in the advertis-
ing Of a brand of flour. She
said that her privacy had
been invaded. for although
Others might have appre-
ciated the compliment to
Ctheir) beauty implied in the
selection Of the picture for
such purposes it was dis
tasteful to her"
MISS ROBERTSON known
to generations OF law stu
dents as "Abigail"-lost by a
vote Of 4 TO 3. But the next
year, New York State had a
statAte upholding the minor
ity justices contention that
the sort OF affront Abigail
suffered can be redressed by
the courts.
Robertson VS.. Rochester
Folding Box is one of the key
cases discussed by Morris
Ernst, the famous civil lib
critics lawyer, and a younger
colleague, Alan U. Schwartz,
In a volume that is intended
as a case book for laymen.
Two further volumes In the
Milestones OF Law Series
concentrating on the CEN
sorship OF obscenity and the
right 10 n fair trial-are
promised for the near future.
In the present volume.
Messrs. Ernst and Schwartz
begin with three classic Eng
fish cases dealing with an
authors rights IN his letters,
a veterinarians right TO Sc
cret remedies and the ques-
ton OF whether n published
catalog of etchings violates
the artists rights even
though none OF the etchings
themselves are reproduced.
None of these recognizes a
right 10 privacy as such; the
ruling Judges sought TO base
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11

Q. When and where was
Carole Lombard killed?-F. K.
A, The popular actress and
third wife Of the late Clark
Gable, was killed January 10.
1912, in an airplane crash on
the slopes OF Table Noun
tain, 35 miles southwest OF
Las Vegas, New. She was
returning home from a World
War II bond tour. Twenty
two persons were killed In
al inclusli ~ NJ o. t.-.' IDS
mother and is Army officers
anu igv,l.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-01-11
The Foreiun Student

am sure JnaC the article,
1.-THE Foreign Student t."
which appeared in your
magazine Sunday on January
6, 1868, has made a great
contribution to the store
house of unpleasant memo
ries which many foreign stu
dents take home from the
United States.
At first I was convinced
that the author must be
joking; shockingly Mrs.
Reischer never made this
clear. Does she believe that
students come to this coun-
try to serve as novelty toys
for her amusement? Also,
the days of the indentured
servant are over. I am sur
prised that any student
would remain in her home
for as long as two semesters.
Her condeScending attitude
is precisely that thing that
foreigners hate most about
so many Americans.
1t is fortunate that there
are many fine foreign stu
dent advisers, intelligent stu
dents and charming Ameri-
cans who can try to dispel
the unpleasant image that she
has helped to create.
Barbara r. Cooper.
What Charlotte Huston
Reischer had to say about
foreign students in her article
in your Sunday magazine
would hardly be welcomed by
thousands of those who have
chosen this country as the
place for their higher educa-
ton. While the most senSi-
tive among them would be
apt to regard her comments
as an affront, the article
would make a great majority
of them ponder twice on the
ACCESSIBILITY of seeking hos
pitality in American homes.
For although Mrs. Reischer
speaks of international I'M
derstanding on mutual basis
- the student imbibing
Americana, and the family
getting an armchair visit to
distant lands-her chief in
terest seems to lie on what
she emphasized upon, and
that is, the student would
provide free cooking, free
dishwashing and free baby
sitting.
Since hardly any self-re-
specting foreign student can
be expected to agree to be-
come a free servant in an
American home, her COM
plant that in her efforts to
find foreign students for her
home she did not have much
luck with foreign student adj
visers is not surprising at
all. Indeed. those advisers
are a lot wiser than to send
boys and girls to American
homes on Mrs. Reischer's
terms.
Speaking at the annual
White House reception to
foreign students this year,
President Kennedy said that
the very fact that the stu
dents from many countries
had chosen this country as
the place for their higher
education by itself con-
stituted a tribute to America.
Mrs. Reisoher will do we'll
to remember these eloquent
words in her dealings with for
eign students. Ranjan Bora.