davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
De GouIIe and the Market

President de Gaulle of France is an
aloof and mystical man with an obvious
touch Of grandeur and greatness about
him. But he is down-to-earth enough
to realize that he cannot forever brush
aside the wishes and will of his as
Sociates in the six-nation European
Economic COMMUNICATIVE Common
Market.
The associates are Belgium, the
Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy and
West Germany. All five Of them agree
that Britain should be member of the
FEC. They have been holding fast to
that view ever since General de Gaulle
vetoed it last January. And now they
have made some progress against his
opposition: They have persuaded him
to let the British have periodic economic
and political contacts with the Common
Market.
These contacts (every three months)
would be effected through the Western
European Union, to which Britain be-
longs. UNDERSTANDABLE enough, the Brit
iSh themselves are not singing and
dancing in the streets over the fact
that the French President has conde-
scendingly assented to this. After all,
at best, the arrangement amounts to
little more than a rather vague agree.
ment under which France is grudgingly
permitting them to peek through the
back door and have fleeting look at
what is going on in the inner circles Of
the FEC.
Actually, as everybody knows, the
Common Market is faring poorly at the
moment. France and the five other
members, do not seem to be able to
agree on such matters as agricultural
policy and relationships with 1.-THE
Outer Seven" the rival trading bloc
made up of Britain, Portugal, Austria,
Switzerland, Norway, Sweden and Den
mark Clearly enough, the clash between
these two groups could become grave
for Western Europe and the Atlantic
community in general.
Indeed, economically, politically,
militarily and otherwise, the rivalry be-
tween the Common Market and the
remainder of the free West could dan
gerously weaken the North Atlantic
Treaty Organizations ability to cope
with the ever-present Communist threat
in all parts of the world General de
Gaulle undoubtedly is aware Of the
menace, and that may account for his
new willingness to let Britain have some
contact with the Common Market.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
Downtown Renewal

In blocking Senate action the other
day on the bill to authorize the use Of
urban renewal powers in WaShington's
downtown business and shopping dis
tricts, Senator Miller of Iowa expressed
concern that the legislation might not
afford adequate protection to private
property rights. He indicated that after
further study he may propose additional
Safeguards"
1t is hard to imagine what the SEN
ator has in mind. There is nothing in
this bill which runs roughshod over pri-
vate property. Its sole purpose-but one
which is absolutely vital to the effective
ness Of WaShington'S downtown revitali-
cation programs to extend to predom-
inantly business areas in need of rejuve-
nation precisely the same urban renewal
authority which already applies in pre-
dominantly residential areas. This is
nothing new or revolutionary. Such
authority already exists in virtually
every other major city in the country.
To deny the Nations Capital this iden-
teal weapon against the evils of deteri-
grafton and blight would be the most
gross and Senseless kind of discrimina-
ton.
Indeed, among all the complexities
Of urban renewal in Washington, this
simple legislation in the past has been
almost devoid of controversy. 1t has the
support of the business community, as
well as that of the Commissioners. 1t
passed the House last year after extern
sive hearings. After due consideration
this year, 1t has been approved by the
Senate District Committee.
While It's effectiveness thus far for
tunately has been limited, there is a de-
liberate effort on Capitol Hill, conducted
mostly behind the scenes and at staff
levels, to sabotage urban renewal in the
District of Columbia wherever and when
ever possible. It would be a grave dis
service to the city of Washington II
Senator Miller-perhaps without his
knowledge-were to permit his name to
be lent to this effort through gripping
amendments to the downtown renewal
bill
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
Why Did He Wait?

The eruption of bullets and blood
shed in Cambridge on Thursday did not
just happen 1t was the inevitable climax
of the tensions and violent incidents
which began to mount as soon as the
National Guard was withdrawn last
Monday. BY Wednesday the threat of
mob action was apparent. BY Thursday
afternoon the leaders of both races
clearly had lost control. Yet not until
yesterday morning did Governor TaweS
concede that the situation was serious
enough to order troops back on the
streets.
Why? What evidence did the Gov
ernor need before he was stirred to act2
Could he have thought that having gone
so far the course of events would sud-
denly reverse? Why did he walt until
events actually passed beyond the con-
troll of State and local police, instead of
taking prudent action to avert the threat
of further violence?
According to Statehouse spokesman,
Mr.. TaweS was in constant touch" with
State officials on the scene, and relied
upon their advice. AS late as IL o'clock
Thursday night the Governor repeatedly
was assured" that the situation was
thoroughly under police control. If this
is so, these officials were guilty of in
credibly bad judgment.
But the primary responsibility was
the Governors. When he decided to
withdraw the Guard last week end, he
hoped the atmosphere in Cambridge
had improved to the point where a
peaceful resolution of racial differences
might be possible. When that hope
proved illuSory, Mr.. TaweS just seemed
to choke up. His indecisiveness has
served only to make the crisis as a
whole-and the prospects for agreement
on the iSSueS-incalculably worse.
There is a moral here. Responsible
leaders in this country had better take
note: When rule Of law starts to break
down in one of these situations, the time
for preventive action has come. 1t is
desperately dangerous to wait and see
what happens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13

stead q reluctance to make
full use of Soviet power.
These American officials,
in trying to foresee the next
stages Of Communist policy,
think it would be wrong to
assume that Russia's policy
will be tinid and moderate,
while Chinese policy will be
bold and adventurous. The
realities Of the Chinese strug-
gle do not allow either coun-
try to follow q consistent
policy. There will be twist
ings and turnings, strategic
retreats and peremptory de-
mands, cunning expedients
and brutal forays.
Mischievous Role
In the next few months
we viii probably see an in
crease In the volume Of Rus
sian arms shipments to the
Middle East and Asia, and
perhaps to Africa. Nor does
1t follow that Peking's criti-
cism Of Moscow will drive
China into a more active
military role in Laos or vi
etnam. What is likely to
happen in Asia is that China
will become the mischievous
counsellor Of local insurgent
groups, without any Offset
ting restraint from Moscow.
At present American Of
ficials are reluctant to be-
lieve that the Communist
split viii produce an economic
boycott Of China. Several
Com munist satellites in
Eastern Europe, Of whom
Romania probably is the
most important. would resent
this interference with their
Chinese trade. Nor would it
be easy for Mr.. Khrushchev
to impose a general Conmu-
mist embargo against China
while he Is seeking an &C
commodation with the Unit
ed States. Any embargo
would at once bring serious
reprisals, for China would
repudiate her Korean debt
to Russia which Picking has
been paying off at the rate
of $1S6 million a year. The
Chinese giants may snarl
and scratch at each other,
but they are caught In the
same net and cannot easily
detach themselves.
It should be added that
there are significant limits on
China's power to provoke
unrest in Asia. China has
about two thousand jets. but
Russia gave her no modern
or advanced types. This vul-
nersble air power = Chinese
pilots spend no more than
five hours a month in nor
NAL training flights = kept
China from a reckless at
tack in the Formosa Straits.
Part of this reluctance to
train and develop its air force
may arise from China's de-
sire to save fuel for use in
an emergency. Whatever the
explanation, 1t is beyond
dispute that the Chinese
air force is weak. unframed,
inexperienced and vulner-
able. This fact, when placed
against the prodigious strik-
ing power Of the United
States, may well become the
most effective restraint on
China in the next turbulent
months.
@ 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13

The proposal to raise Con-
gressmen's pay from s22,500
to $4,000 leaves me cold.
Few Congressman are worth
that much to their constitu-
ents.
Compare the proposed In
crease to the one given the
rank and file Of Government
workers last year (about 8
per cent? and you have some
thing to think over. And any
thing around 10 per cent us
ually evoked howls Of anguish
from our esteemed represent
atives on both sides Of the
Capitol.
Usually the Government
worker in the middle brackets
has to pass a stiff examina-
ton, or else have certain ed
ucational qualifications. or
possess years of experience,
in order TO obtain a modest
position. But in most In
stances, he is better qualified
for his Job than the Con-
gresham is for his. Popu-
larity at home and the ability
to garner votes is what gets
most Congressman to Wash
ington. And at a salary Of
$22,500 they are receiving
more on the average than
they would make at other oc-
equations.
The rank-and-file Govern
ment worker has TO be on the
Job or suffer loss Of leave or
pay. The Congressman can
have as much absenteeism as
he wishes and he is not PEN
allied for II. Why? Because
he holds the purse strings
and makes his own rules. He
also gets four months vaca-
ton per year from his ardu-
Gus CD duties.
I am not discounting the
few really brilliant men who
serve In Congress. but they
are the exception and not the
rule. There are some dedi-
Gated. Woodworking Con-
gressmen who are not paid
enough and they deserve all
they can get.
G. r. Haughawout.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
PASSING SCENE
The Sino-Soviet Feud Deepens
By MAX FREEDMAN

When Averell Hartman
on Monday begins his ne
gotiations in Moscow on the
test-ban treaty and related
matters, he will be, in a sense,
q prophet indicated. For he
scented q change in the
Russian atmosphere many
weeks ago.
At first there was skepti-
cism in the State Depart
ment when he suggested that
a mission should be sent
to Moscow. Gradually the
doubts faded as, it became
clear that events were on the
move In Russia. though their
direction is still obscure. In
recent days Mr.. Hartman
has found 1t necessary to
caution some Of the former
skeptics against excessive
optimism. An old hand at
dealing with the Russians,
Mr.. Hartman is the last
man to expect easy negotia-
Tons or an abrupt surrender
of the Soviet Unions tradi-
tional bargaining positions.
In the State Department
the prevailing Judgment now
is that Russia's willingness
to talk with the United States
is directly related to the
widening quarrel with China.
The American officials who
know most about Chinese
affairs confess their amaze
ment at the size, the passion,
and the results of that
quarrel. They have revised
their own estimates and pre-
dictions, made within the
past IL months, to take into
account these changes in the
Communist world with their
impact on American policy.
AS seen here, the quarrel
between Moscow and Peking
turns less on the doctrines
Of communism than on its
strategy. Ever since Premier
Khrushchev visited this
country and exchanged af-
liabilities with President
Eisenhower. there has been
q deepening suspicion in
China that Russia under its
present leadership will always
retreat when confronted with
American power. That inter-
probation of Soviet policy has
been strengthened by Mr..
Khrushchev's repeated fall
ures to enforce his Berlin
ultimatum and by his cratic
Cuban policy last October.
Favor Use Of Force
In reviewing this record.
the Chinese spokesman have
accused Mr.. Khrushchev Of
neglecting the importance of
force in achieving Commu-
mist victories. They think it
is very significant that Fidel
Castro seized power by armed
force, and they would like
his precedent to be followed
in other countries, with Rus
sia's resolute support. When
met with the argument that
any such move by Russia
would provoke a determined
American response, the Chi
nese simply ask why it
should always be assumed
that it must be Russia, rather
than America, that will break
and will give ground under
pressure. 1t is the primary
Chinese complaint that Mr..
Khrushchev's moderation Is
not a reasoned assertion Of
Russia's interests but is in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
Mob Rule

SVbOG NGHC
The extravagant praise
given by Senator Humphrey
and some Of the newspapers
TO the Gwynn Oak direct
action" demonstration and to
the clergymen who took part
in 1t leaves me dumbfounded.
Such direct action demon
STATIONS, as distinct from the
truly peaceful demonstra-
tons in which picketing signs
are carried but no law is vio-
lated, depend for their eff
cacy on creating a sense Of
martrydom for principle by
provoking police arrests with
the possible accompaniment
Of police violence and vio-
lence by opposing mobs.
Now there are occasions
when the evils complained of
are very great and when the
hearts of men are closed
against change-which JUS
tify the resort to such tao
tics land even the participa-
ton Of men of the cloth in
them in an attempt to
awaken the public conscience.
But what is the situation
with regard to the Gwynn
Oak Amusement Park? The
problem of segregated private
parks and other privately
owned public accommodation
facilities has been abundant
ly brought to public atten-
ton by direct action demon
STATIONS, and the public con-
science is actively engaged in
finding a solution to the
problem. The question Of
segregated private amuse-
ment parks is before the Su-
preme Court, having been put
there by Just such a direct
action demonstration as has
been taking place at Gwynn
Oak. In addition it is part of
the new civil rights package
which President Kennedy has
sent to Congress and upon
which Congress has started
legislative action.
What legitimate purpose,
then, is served by the Gwynn
Oak direct action demonstra-
ton? Are the demonstrators
seeking to supersede the ju-
dicial and legislative proc
esses and hoping to attain
their end by the pressure Of
demonstrations? In the Mid
die Ages people resorted to
the trial by ordeal as a way
Of determining whether a
man is guilty or innocent.
Apparently the demonstrate
ors would have us use the or
deal by demonstration-the
test as to which side can as
semble the greatest number
of picketers and martyrs-to
determine what social prac-
tices are right or wrong.
If this is really their pur-
pose, they are leading Amer
lea down the road to mob
rlle-with the blessing Of the
clergy and the self-styled lib
erals, both Of whom ought To
know better.
BENJAMIN GinzhurR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
ClarksOn j. Bean
White on RIGHTS

William s. White MAIN
tains that private property
rights are absolute, not sub
ject to public obligatiC u.s."
and that any infringement
upon them-such as a shop
keeper being compelled by
unexampled Federal force to
serve all who appear there"
would ultimately mean the
end of private property as an
institution, and with its de-
mise, so also the demise Of
personal privacy.
Mr.. White has painted him
self into a logical corner.
He warns against shouting
fire in a crowded theater,"
correctly implying that such
action perverts liberty into
license. Yet he fails to con-
slider that denying a human
being equal treatment, on the
basis Of color. at a private
facility whose business 1t is
to serve the public, may also
be a perversion Of liberty into
license. He also fails TO note
that the institution of pri-
vate property does not be-
queath absolute rights, and
that, in fact, property rights
have CONF under increasing
regulation by the public,
through government, ever
since the heyday Of Populism
and Progressivism, when no.
torious abuses of private
property liberties were
recognized and action was
taken TO curb them.
The way to preserve our
liberties, is by recognizing
and curbing abuses of them,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
The Else Pool

There's trouble at Dulles Airport.
Arriving and departing passengers, and
perhaps Just plain visitors, have been
tossing coins into the pool there at the
rate of 5000 a week and officials don't
know what to do with the watery har-
vest.
Regulations call for turning the take
into the Treasury as unused money.
Naturally, this fills the bureaucratic
heart with horror and application is be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
A Time of TumuIt and Shouting
BY RALPH McGHL

sions, from the many called
meetings to discuss civic
improvements and policies.
Within the past few years the
political leadership Of cities
large and small, in the South
and out, have learned 20 their
dismay they literally did not
know the Negro leaders in
their respective municipalities
and townships. In some
places, especially the m ore
rural, there was no leader
ship.
1t also is true, as even the
most casual may see, that too
many in the white local pow
er structures have remained
aloof. hoping, even demand
ing. that washington" settle
things. There are others Who
have tried, only to be thwart-
ed, or stymied by associates
in local government or busi-
ness. Here and there, Of
course, there are the intran-
sigents who somehow believe
that the old pattern. the old
ways, will be re-established.
Their cities and areas already
are damaged and viii suffer
the more. The old ways will
not return. It is not this fact
of the old days gone beyond
repair that matters. What is
important is that Americans,
1876 millions Of them, commit
themselves TO an honest APP
proach of allowing 10 mil
lions to share equally and
fairly in the Nations oppor-
tunity and life. It will be
tragic If we continue to act
as II the whole issue is where
one sits In school, In q troll
ley, a restaurant or movie.
These are minor things which,
after all, cause little or no
trouble unless deliberately
agitated.
Many Elements Of Work
Meanwhile, 1t is hot. The
slums steam. Unemployment
In America is largely Negro
unemployment. The total Of
jobless teen-agers. white and
colored. rises to a dangerous
level. James Meredith Is booed
for telling the truth = that
some of the younger Negro
leadership has acted irrespCn-
bly,. The depth Of Negro feel
ing has been largely under
estimated. even by Negro
leadership. Emotions are
loosed and aroused, hopes
long denied. affronts endured,
determinations delineated,
churches that close their
doors, agitators who shout
insults and ask for violence
= all these elements are,
along with temperatures 90
degrees in the shade. at work.
q 1893
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13

We are at a time, filled
with the tumult and shout
ing Of a developing attack on
ong-existing determinations
and fears, that reminds us Of
the beginning of 1.-THE Tale
of Two Cities" Dickens, writ
ing about characters in the
French Revolutions violence
and terror, said:
ut was the best Of times,
It was the worst of times, it
was the age of wisdom. 1t was
the age Of foolishness, it was
the epoch of belief, 1t was the
epoch Of incredulity it
was the spring of hope, 1t was
the winter of despair in
short, the period was SO far
like the present period that
some of its noisiest authori-
ties insisted on its being re-
ceived, for good or evil, in
the superlative degree of COM
parison only. 80"
The Negro organizations
are up against human ma
ture. They must all lead the
parade - for one to hold
back is, for the time being,
fatal. History is replete with
such conditions. At the time
of the American Revolution
those who opposed the DEM
onstrations aroused against
British imposed restrictions
we're often handled roughly,
were jeered and booed, and
given no hearing. The
Colonial revolutions Of our
time give a meager ear to
moderation) Once organiza-
ton catches UP with events.
there will be more reason and
less insistence on the superla-
tive degree. But not now.
Nationwide Problem.
We desperately need to
understand that the problem
is not one involving merely
the Negro and the politician.
It is one in which the whole
country inevitably is en-
gagged. For better or worse, 1t
is the duty of every thought
full citizen TO try and give
the problem his best thought.
Those politicians who con-
tribute only irresponsible. in
flammatory indictments when
the country needs help, can
do nothing save add TO the
cost. Unhappily, payment will
be made by many, not mere
ly the irresponsible.
There is a shortage Of Ne
gro leadership. The reason is
not difficult TO find. In only
q few cities has there been
any opportunity for such
leadership TO develop. There
has been only exclusion from
community meetings, from
the ballot, from school ses-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
Captive Nations

Hungary Is only one link
in the chain constituting the
Russian empire.
Since World War II, the
colonial peoples of the Eng
lish, French, Dutch, Spanish,
Belgian, and other European
colonies have attained their
freedom, excluding a few CO.
lonial territories belonging
to Western European coun-
tries. During the same time,
the Russian colonial empire
was steadily growing and ex-
panding, devouring such in
dependent countries as Es-
tonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Eastern Germany (including
Eastern Berlin, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Rumania, Bulgaria. and Al
bania.
The Eastern European peo-
Piles and millions of Ameri-
cans Of Eastern European
descent ask themselves the
always repeating questions:
Why should there be a dou-
BILE standard in international
affairs and morality? Are
only the colored races the
privileged ones to enjoy i'm
munity from colonialism?
Above all, should Soviet
Russia constitute the only
privileged colonial empire?
Were the Estonians, Lat
VANS, and Germans of East
ern Germany able to discover
a magic formula proving
they are Negroes, savages, or
at least some kind of semi
savages or barbarians, they
would have found many de-
tenders in the United Ma
tons for their independence,
free elections, and self deter-
mination. Mr.. Khrushchev
and his criminal clique Of
Communists do not deprive
only their own people Of any
kind of freedom; they sub
jugate advanced peoples to
their system of colonial plum
dering and exploitation at
the same time when most
primitive independent Negro
states have sprung UP like
mushrooms after q good
rain.
Common sense tells us that
an arch-reactionary policy
Of Communist Russia has to
collapse sooner or later, caus-
ing the fall and disintegra-
ton Of the Russian colonial
empire-the large-scale con-
centration camp Of many
peoples.
Alexander v. Berkis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-13
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used tOiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.