davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-30

MIDLAND, Tex, Oct. 30
(AP.-A 22-year-old former
has admitted killing
Mrs. Fred Turner, wife Of q
wealthy Gilman and race horse
owner. She was bludgeoned
during a burglary attempt.
Police said James L. Marion
was charged with murder. He
told reporters in the county
jail last night, 81 don't want
to talk"
Mrs. Turner, 66, so badly
beaten about the face that it
was first thought she had been
shot, was killed in the family's
palatial home early yesterday.
Marion fled after smuggling a
daughter Of the slain woman.
A short time later officers
pulled him from an attic hiding
place in a house two blocks
away, and he readily admitted
the killing.
Charged With Murder
He was charged with murder
and jailed in lieu Of $4,000
bond. Marion, a Midland Ne
gro, finished serving a State
prison sentence for burglary
last June.
Relatives discovered the body
of Mrs. Turner shortly after
1880 am. Although a wall safe
in a closet was open and empty
topsyturvy drawers in her
dressing room still contained a
fortune in diamonds she had
battled to save.
Mrs. Turner was alone in the
house. Her husband was at Las
Vegas, N. Mex, where he has
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Theft Of Dynamite 4
Probed in Birminqhom

BIRMINGHAM, Ala, May
20 (AP).-Authorities are in
vestigating the theft Of a large
amount Of dynamite several
days before twin blasts touched
off Negro rioting in this
Southern city.
Two cases Of dynamite were
stolen from a storage house
prior to the May IL bombings
Of a Negro house and a motel,
Sheriff Melvin Bailey dis
closed yesterday. ally,
that would be 100 pounds.
"It's a frightening amount"
said Sheriff Bailey. There is
plenty Of loose dynamite in
this area"
The bombings on May IL
ruined the home Of the Rev,
A. D. King, brother Of inte-
grafton leader DR.. Martin
Luther King, jr., and damaged
a Negro motel that has served
as headquarters for the anti
segregation drive.
An uneasy calm prevailed
during the week end. Nearly
1900 law enforcement officers
were available for duty and
potential trouble areas were
under heavy patrol. About 5000
Federal troops, called up by
President Kennedy for posi-
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Durham JaiIs
AdditiOnaI45

DURHAM, N. c., May 20
(AP) Negro leaders were ex-
pected to launch today what
they promised would be 80
consecutive days Of mass dem
onstrations against discrimina-
ton in this racially-t tense COL
lege city.
About 450 demonstrators
were jailed on tresspass charges
yesterday after they sat down
in the parking lot at a Howard
johnson restaurant and re-
fused to bulge. Two of their
leaders had been taken into
custody when they attempted
to enter the restaurant.
This brought to nearly 600
arrested here during the big
gest weekend of demonstrations
in months.
Leaders of the NAACP and
the Congress of Racial Equality
said the fill the jails" cam
paign to break racial barriers
in public eating places would
begin today. Police were pre-
pairing for that.
After the arrest of the 450
yesterday, large groups of
whites and Negroes lined up
facing each other across the
street in front of the county
courthouse, where the arrested
demonstrators were being pro-
cessed.
Several fist fights broke out,
but so officers managed to pre-
vent a general melee. Four
white men were arrested, one
of them for carrying a con-
cealed weapon.
After Saturdays non-vioient
demonstration police were ready
for a big one yesterday. A
dozen police cars and five buses
were waiting when the demon
stration began at the Howard
johnson restaurant.
When their leaders were
arrested, the students locked
hands and sat down in the
parking lot. They crowded
around cars in the lot and
refused to disband despite
threats of tear gas.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

BILE use in Birmingham, were
on standby at two Alabama
bases.
Gov. George c. Wallace, who
has sent about TOO State Off
GERS into the city, filed suit
Saturday in an effort to block
my use Of the Federal troops.
In other developments related
10 the Birmingham situation:
About 800 persons, mostly
whites, marched in White
Plains, N, Y, in support Of in
tegration and-in the words of
a placard-protesting "Bir-
mingham police terror"
A Negro leader said Birming-
ham Negroes are among the
roughest in the Nation and
that new provocations could
bring terrible violence. Roy
wilkins, executive secretary Of
the National Association for
the Advancement Of Colored
People, made the remarks on
a New York radio program.
Senator Harrison A. Will
liams, jr,, Democrat OF New
Jersey, said at a Plainfield,
N. j., rally observing the eman-
cipation centennial that there
are elements Of the Birming-
ham explosion in every COM
munity where inequality among
races exist. ="
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Bomb Damages
Three Cars Near
Montreal Armory

MONTREAL, May 20 (AP).
"A violent explosion behind
an armory in Montreal today
demolished one car, damaged
two others, hurled wreckage
for so yards and broke windows
in private homes a block away.
No one was injured in the
blast. in back of the ormory of
the Royal aCnadian Mechani-
cal and Electrical Engineers.
An army spokesman said the
damage was caused by a bomb
under the engine of one of the
cars. The damaged cars, all
owned by civilians. were in a
dairy parking lot next to the
armory.
Police did not Immediately
attribute blame for the explo-
sion to any person or group.
However, a recent series of ex-
plosionS at aCnadian army and
federal buildings in Montreal
has been blamed on the out
lawed seperatist group called
the Quebec Liberation Front
(FLQ).
The armory is in a predomi-
nantly French-speaking district
of Montreal.
Last Friday, police discov-
cred Is bombs planted in mail
boxes.
A demolition expert, Sergt.-
Maj. Walter Leja, was critically
injured when one of the bombs
blew up as he was removing
it from a mail box. He is still
unconscious in a Montreal hos
| pital. His left arm was ampu-
tated at the elbow and he suf-
fered gaping chest and face
wounds.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
SORENSEN j:
Other Nations Views
Bear on Decisions

a cost-and the most efficient
decision, therefore, is theoret-
ically the one which produces
the greatest margin of gain
over cost. But, in Government
and politics, gains are hard to
measure and costs are hard to
predict. One gain may breed
another while the cost of
failure may plummet out Of
control.
A Presidents resources are
limited-not only in terms of
money, but in terms of man
power, time, credibility, patron
age and all the other tools at
his command.
If he appoints a distinguished
Secretary of Labor to the Su-
preme Court, he loses him from
his cabinet. If he allocates a
billion dollars of his budget
to education, it cannot be used
for public works. If large num-
bers of scientists are recruited
for a moon shot, they are not
available for other needs.
Only a limited number of
commodities can be reserved
from meaningful trade negotia-
tions. Only a limited number
Of times can key members Of
Congress or leaders of the al
lance be approached with spe-
cial requests. Only a limited
number of televised appeals can
be made to the Nation with
out the danger of diminishing
returns.
Any President, in short, must
always be setting priorities and
measuring costs. The official
most often likely to loom
largest in his thinking when
he makes a key decision is not
the Secretary of State or the
Secretary of Defense, but the
Director of the Budget.
Tomorrow: Limitation Of
time and previous commit
ments.)
(copyrisht 1868. Columbia University
Press)
Evening star., 1963-05-20
When buying a new car. credit
is sometimes better than cash

First & Citizens National Bank of Alex
andria is firm believer in thrift-the
kind of thrift that lets you have cash on
hand for sudden emergencies, for extra
pleasures and luxuries. For nearly 100
years we've been encouraging good old
fashioned thrift among our depositors.
But there are times when conserving
cash and using credit-in the form of
deferred payments-is the better way,
especially il the cash purchase would de-
plete your cash reserve. Buying home is
one of these times few people have that
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Powell Hits
Stevenson
As 'Phony'

ENGLEWOOD, N. j., May 20
(AP). - Representative Adam
Clayton Powell, Democrat OF
New York, says U. N. Ambassa-
dor Adlai E. Stevenson is q
"phony liberal" who has re-
fused to take Negroes on his
staff at the United Nations.
Mr.. Powell leveled the blast
at Mr.. Stevenson during a civil
rights rally yesterday in this
community where the contro-
verSy has ragged for two years
over racial imbalance in the
elementary schools.
/ A spokesman for the United
States delegation at the United
Nations denied Mr.. Powell's ac-
cusation.
/ Mr.. Powell said there was
one Negro on the U. N. staff o.
500 under President Eisen.
hover. When the Kennedy ad.
ministration took power, Mr.
Stevenson "at first blocked any
attempts to add Negroes to the
staff" said Mr.. Powell. Nov
he's agreed to three. but a;
clerk-typists. And that's the
great liberal"
The United States delegation
said Mr.. Powell was wrong.
The United States mission
to the United Nations employs
ll2, not 500 people," he said
land it employs IL Negroes, moi
one, as Powell says. Two more
Negroes are being processed fol
employment.
The policy under Gov
Stevenson's tenure has beer
and continues to be to hire
persons for the mission on thu
basis of merit alone and fol
no other consideration"
In his speech at the rally
Mr.. Powell said his informa.
ton came from white House
spokesmen, Kennedy aides"
Evening star., 1963-05-20
BY the Associated Press

The Supreme Court upheld
today a Federal Power Com
mission plan to use a new
''area price method" for de-
termining allowable producer
prices for natural gas.
Under the plan, FPC would
set a guide price for all gas
produced in a particular field.
Adjustments would be made II
evidence showed the price was
unfair to consumers or to pro-
ducers.
Justice Harlan delivered the
ga decision. Justice Clark
dissented with an opinion in
which Chief Justice Warren
and Justices Black and Bren-
nan Joined.
Backlog of Cases
Under the old method, FPC
studied each application to see
If the price proposed would
give the individual producer a
fair rate Of return on his in
vestment. This unit-by-unit
method resulted in a big back
log of undecided rate cases.
Commission adoption of the
new "area price method" was
announced in a case affecting
Phillips Petroleum Co., OF
BartleSville, Okla, major seller
Of natural gas.
The new method was ap-
proved by the United States
Court of Appeals here in an
opinion stating there was moth
ing in the Natural Gas Act to
prohibit a trial of the plan.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

way and refused to walk to
highway patrol cars.
A few score Negroes lining
the highway applauded politely
Miss Sherwood, 35, said be-
forehand that she expected to
be arrested. She said she
wanted to do something for the
lntegration movement, because
it is something l believe in
and this is the only way l
know to help"
The arrest came after a
brief memorial service for Mr..
Moore at the place where he
was killed about IS miles north
of this Northeast Alabama
town.
The service was directed by
Jim Peck. a white New Yorker
who was beaten severely in
Freedom Rider demonstrations
at Birmingham on Mothers
Day in 1860.
Wreath Is Laid
Mr.. Peck and Miss Sherwood
laid a wreath of yellow chrys-
anthemums on the gravel be-
side the highway where Mr..
Moore's body was found.
Others arrested besides Miss
Sherwood were Nelson Barr,
jr.. Chattanooga, Tenn; Cor
don Harris. Rochester, N. Y;
Albert Uhrie. Glen Gardner,
N. j.; Bob Kachnowski, New
York, all white, and Claude
Edwards, Forest City, Ark; +;
Benny Luchion, New Orleans
La; Arleau Wilks, High
Point, N. c.. and Don johnson
Bardwick Jackson and John
Jackson. Cleveland, Ohio, all
Negroes.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Supreme CourtUp UphoIds
FPC Gos-Pricing Plan

The Court Of Appeals decision
was appealed to the high
tribunal by Wisconsin, Cali
fornia and New York Public
Utilities Commissions.
Justice Harlan in upholding
the commission plan. said that
it retained "the flexibility 1t
must have at this still forma-
tive period in a difficult area
Of regulation"
Doubts Legality
He said the court cannot tell
the commission lit has made
an error of law-abused its
discretion-in deciding how
best to allocate its resources.
Justice Clark's dissenting
opinion declared that the COM
mission in summary fashion
had "junked" its cost of service
regulation program, wasted a
half dozen years of work there
on and is now experimenting
with a new, untried, untested
inchoate program which, in
addition, is of doubtful legal
ity." He added:
LAS a consequence, the con-
sumers Of gas all over the
United States and particularly
in the large metropolitan cities
along the Eastern Seaboard
the Midwest, and West Coast
will pay for the commissions
area pricing wild goose chase
/ predict that in the end the
consumer will find himself to
be the biggest goose of the
hunt and the small producer
the dead duck"
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Students Exhibit Art

Yorktown High School in Arl-
ington will stage its third an
nual student art exhibit this
week, opening at 7 tonight in
the gymnasium. Hours will be
8 am. to 4 pm. tomorrow
through Friday and 7 to 9 pm,
today through Friday. The final
showing will be Sunday from 5
to Z pm.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

was shot to death April "a.
Mr.. Moore was walking to
Jackson, Miss, where he hoped
to present his integration views
to Gov. Ross Barnett.
This was the third group Of
walkers arrested in Alabama
since May /. Others are await
ing trial on charges of breach
of peace, the same charge
placed against Miss Sherwood's S
group.
Four Of the demonstrators,
including Miss Sherwood, fell
to the grass beside the high
Evening star., 1963-05-20
COURT
Continued From Page A..

continued from Page Al
lie park in 1861 and refused to
leave.
s. Ruled, unanimously, that
lower courts must reconsider
convictions of two white and
five Negro college students on
srespass charges in a 1860
trespass charges in a 1860
sit-in at a Durham IN. c.
In addition. an unsigned or
der returned a nearby Mary
land trespass case TO the
courts calendar for reargu-
ment, probably some time next
fall.
The case involved the con-
viction Of five Negro students
on trespass charges after they
refused 10 leave Glen Echo
Amusement Park on June 30,
1860. The park was deSegre-
gated in 1861.
COncurs In Main Case
Justice Harlan. in a separate
opinion, said he concurred in
the result in the main South
Carolina case, on the ground
that Greenyille's restaurant
segregation ordinance was State
action in the area Of discrimi-
nation.
He dissented in whole or in
part in all OF the other cases
except the Savannah one in
volving a public park.
Chief Justice Warren. in the
South Carolina opinion, said
Greenville had a city ordinance
requiring separation OF the
races in restaurants.
y He said the main issue was
whether the demonstrators had
been deprived Of equal protec-
ton OF the laws secured against
State action by the l4th
Amendment 10 the Constltu-
ton.
II Cannot be disputed" he
said. that under past decisions
private conduct abridging indi-
vidual rights does not violate
the equal protection clause un-
less the State In some way be-
comes involved IN the private
conduct TO a significant extent.
Removed from Choice
when the State has COM
manded a particular result II
has saved 10 itself the power
10 determine that result and
thereby TO a significant ex-
tent has become involved in
and in fact, has removed the
decision from the sphere OF
private choice" he said.
In the context Of the Green
Vile situation, In which the
city ordinance required seRre-
cation. Chief Justice Warren
said the State, through the
city. has effectively deter.
mined" that a person control.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

much cash, anyway; another time is
when you buy new car.
Today, a car is more often than not an
absolute necessity. You should, therefore,
feel no hesitancy in approaching us with
regard to financing your new car. We will
save you money with low-cost, new-car
financing, and you can budget your pay
ments just as you would your home
payments, your rent or any other normal
expense.
Please come in and talk it over.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Actress Seized in Rites
At Moore Killing Site

ATTALLA Ala, May 20 (AP).-As a racial demonstration
Actress Madeleine Sherwood applause from Negro
taors and trip to Alabama Jail with 10 other Freedom
Marchers
They arrested yesterday beside u S. Highway II
at the spot where Baltimore Postman William L. Moore
Evening star., 1963-05-20

teers to participate in sit-in
demonstrations.
Justice Warren. noting that
the court today had upset con-
victions of the demonstrators
allegedly influenced by the
minister. said their convictions
for inciting the demonstrations
therefore must be set aside.
1T is generally recognized
that there can be no conviction
for aiding and abesting some
one to do an innocent act" Re
said.
The Chief Justice, in hand
ing down the opinion upsetting
the conviction Of the Savannah
tGa0 Negro basketball players.
said the command of police
that the men leave the park
area was a violation OF their
constitutional rights.
He said a person cannot be
punished for failing to obey
an unconstitutional demand.
To the claim that the Negro
activities in the park might
lead to disorder by others
cannot justify exclusion of
persons from a place if they
otherwise have constitutional
right founded upon the equal
protection clause to be pres
ent," Justice Warren said.
Harlan's Dissent
Justice Harlan declared "the
majority's approach to the State
action issue is quite untenable. a"
! Although the right of a
private restauranteur to oper-
ate. II he pleases, on a segre-
gated basis is ostensibly left un-
touched" he said, the court
in truth effectually deprives
him Of that right in any state
where a law like this Green
vile ordinance continues To
exist"
He went on TO assert:
IAN individuals right Ia
restrict the use OF his property
however, unregenerate a par
ticular exercise OF that right
may be thought. lies beyond
the reach of the l4th Amend
ment.
THE dilution or virtual
elimination of that right can
not well be justified either or
the premise that II will haster
formal repeal OF outworn segre-
cation laws or on the ground
that 1t will facilitate proof O!
State action in cases OF thi,
kind"
Protection From Government
Freedom OF the individual
10 choose his associates or his
neighborS. to use and dispose
OF his property as he sees tit
TO be irrational, arbitrary
capricious, even unjust In his
personal relations are thing,
all entitled TO a large measure
Of protection from Govern.
ment interference" Justice
Harlan said.
He said: ALSO inherent In
the concept OF State action
are values OF federalism. a rec
ognition that there are areas
Of private rights upon which
Federal power should not lay
a heavy hand and which
should properly be left 10 the
more precise instruments oi
local authority.
MY differences with tho
court relate primarily 10 III
treatment Of the State actor
issue and TO the broad stride,
with which II has proceeded
IN setting aside the convictions
In all OF these cases"
He said today's cases called
for individual treatment anc
separate results.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
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Evening star., 1963-05-20
SORENSEN
Continued From Page Al

Continued FROM rage Al
ruefully remarked to a group
Of us, the leaders of every ma
ton seem to believe that the
United States can change the
minds and course Of all ma
tions but their own.
A decision in domestic af-
fairs land often in foreign af-
fairs, as in the case Of YugoslaV
trade) may depend on its being
accepted, or its not being re-
versed, by the Congress- or
the President under our system
is not empowered to remake
the Nation in his own image
Surprisingly enough, a Pres
ident's decision in either do
mestic or foreign affairs may
also depend upon its acceptance
within the Executive Branch
itself-on the Presidents ability
to gain acceptance for his point
Of view over dissent, inertia
incompetence, or impotence
among his own appointees and
policy officials as well as the
permanent bureaucracy.
Few outsiders understand
this-they view the Executive
Branch as a monolith, where
the Presidents every word is
a command and all lines OF
authority run to him. But in
truth there are checks and
balances within the depart
ments and agencies and I can
recall more than one occasion
when it was necessary for the
President to convince his own
appointees before they could
undertake to convince the Con-
gress. the Soviets or some other
party.
Is It Enforceable?
Nor is it enough that a de-
cision be acceptable. 1t must
also be workable. 1t must be
enforceable. 1t must be pos
sible. The President is not
omnipotent. Choices within his
control may be altered by
events beyond his control.
Revolutions, assassinations
elections and disasters daily
change the face of the globe
A decision to maintain a nu-
clear test moratorium may be
shattered by a Soviet resump-
ton. A decision to use only
Federal marshals to protect a
Negro student in Mississippi
may be reversed by the violence
of a mob. A decision to lower
the deficit by withholding taxes
on dividends may be rejected
by Congress.
In the minds Of the public
and the press. as Philip Jessup
has said, g. Impossi5ility is
sometimes confused with in
competence or indecision."
Last summer, for example
the preSsures on the President
to request a quick tax cut be-
fore the election were very
large. His delay was attributed
by some to indecision. Yet ir
the absence of economic evi.
dence sufficiently alarming tt
overcome key congressional OBJ.
/ jections = evidence which wa!
never forthcoming such a re.
quest would have been only
an exercise in futility, and pos
sibly a harmful one at that.
There is no clear standard
of feasibility. 1t may depend
on the Presidents prestige al
the moment of decision-aS was
notably true in the first 50C
days of Franklin Roosevelt. Il
can be affected by an unex-
pected turn of events - such
as occurred last year when the
thalidomide tragedy increased
the acceptability of drug re-
form.
Gains VS.. Costs
What is clear is that a Presi.
dents authority is not as great
as his responsibility and thai
what is desirable is always
limited by what is possible Of
permissible.
Secondly, there are limits o.
available resources. 1t is a Law
Of life that every gain incurS