davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-24

out the oxygen supplies that
are usually used in rarified air
at that altitude, because they
had emptied their oxygen cyl
inders.
Mr.. Dyhenfurth asked by
radio that the helicopter be
sent Sunday to Pheriche, a
Sherpa village between the
17,800-f -foot-high base camp
and the main Sherpa center of
Namche Bazaar.
The only helicopter operat-
ing here is under lease to the
United States Agency for In
ternational Development and
Evening star., 1963-05-24
Alarms VuInerobiIity
In Europe Stirs Action

ons now are hardened-that is,
hidden in deep. protected holes
widely dispersed and on quick
alert.
Also with the big weapons,
there has been a trade of
bombers for less-vulnerable
missiles. The trade has been
criticized by some Congress-
men and Air Force officers.
Could Be Overrun
The vulnerability of the air.
craft in Europe is obvious tt
any visitor. The fighters anC
fighter -bombers are crowded
onto a handful of airfields ir
West Germany. They are 81
close to the Iron Curtain thai
enemy bombs or missile war.
heads could wipe out the fields
before most of the planes could
take off.
Many of the Army's tactical
nuclear weapons are almost as
vulnerable. The 280-mm. can
non and the Honest John, Cor
poral and Redstone missiles are
so cumbersome and slow to re-
act that no planner can assume
they would survive an attack.
The Davy Crockett, a brand
new front-line nuclear mortar.
is so far forward that 1t could
be overrun by an attack. Also,
its limited function. high cost
and large manpower require
ments have about convinced
the Army that conventional
we apons could do the job
better.
Alarms Available
Nuclear-war targets now as
signed to the fighter bomber
planes viii be covered by three
missiles: Minuteman, firing
from protected underground
sites in the United States; Po-
larls. on board nuclear subma-
rines cruising IN the Mediter-
ranean and North Atlantic, and
Pershing, a new 400-mile mo-
bile Army missile that will be
sent to Europe within a year.
These missiles will be used to
take out air fields. communica-
See BOMBERS, Page A-6
Evening star., 1963-05-24
NATO Adopts Plan
To Beef Up A-Power
2 on { Everest Have Frostbite:
Copter Sought to Aid Them

KATMANDU, Nepal, May "a
(AP).-The American Everest
expedition asked today for an
emergency helicopter flight to
take Barry c. Bishop and Will
liam Unsoeld to a hospital in
Katmandu. They got to the
top of Everest Wednesday, Mr..
Bishop by the South Col, Mr..
Unsoeld by the west ridge.
A radio report from the base
camp said they were FROST
bitten on all their toes during
a night spent without shelter
$4,000 feet up on the mountain
after the summit climbs.
DR.. Thomas F. Hornbein and
Luther g. Jerstad escaped Sc
rious frostbite so far as he
knows, Norman Dyhrenfurth,
expedition leader, radloed.
Meet Below Summit
Mr.. Unsoeld, from Corvallis,
Greg, made his climb with Mr..
Hornbein, from San Diego,
Calf. Mr.. Bishop, from Wash
ington, D. c., and an employe
of the National Geographic
Society, which sponsored the
expedition, climbed with lIr
Jerstad, from Eugene, Greg
The worlds highest mountain
never before had been con-
uuered from the west ridge.
1t was the first time any ma
ton had had four men on the
peak of 29,000-foot Mount Ev-
crest on the same day. The
four barely missed each other
at the very top, but Mr.. Bishop
and Mr.. Jerstad finally dis
covered the other two had
crossed over the peak and were
coming down the South Col.
COpter Under Lease
The four met below the main
summit at 9 pm. Wednesday.
In darkness they we're unable
to find Camp 6 at 27.400 feet.
where the safety of tents and
sleeping bags awaited them.
They had to spend the night
on an open slope about $4,000
feet up. Mr.. Dyhrenfurth said
they probably we're also with
Evening star., 1963-05-24

Weather Forecast

District and vicinity-Fair tonight and
not quite as cool with lowest in the 40s
Mostly sunny and little warmer tomor-
row. Todays high, 81, at pm; low, 4S.
at Sis am.
Full Report on POss B-4
Evening star., 1963-05-24
World Tensions

On East-West problems, in
side and outside the North
Atlantic treaty area. the draft
communique said tensions and
difficulties continue TO exist"
and have a profound effect
on the alliance"
II went on:
Soviet military personnel
See NATO, Page AS
Evening star., 1963-05-24
Music in Palace

LONDON May "a APP
Three-year-old Prince Andrew
is making Buckingham Palace
resound with the strains OF a
barrel organ, eift Of King Bau-
douin Of the Belgians and
Queen Fabiola.
Evening star., 1963-05-24
Concerned
Over Red
Pressure

OTTAWA, May "a (AP).-
The Atlantic Alliance nations
today ended a three-day parley
with an agreed program to beef
up the nuclear power Of their
forces.
A communique approved by
the North Atlantic Council Of
Ministers also expressed dis
quiet about continuing Commu-
mist pressures in Cuba, Laos
and Berlin.
The declaration warned that
the presence of Soviet military
personnel" in Fidel Castro's
island is producing repercus-
sions throughout the Caribbean
area which still give cause for
concern.
The allies reaffirmed their
resolve to defend West Berlin
against any outside attack, just
as if the divided and isolated
city were part of their own ter
ritory.
Moves Spelled Out
A four-point program set
forth in the communique her.
aided a new phase of North
Acknowledgment co-opera-
ton in nuclear weaponry and 1t
spelled out these moves:
/. The assignment Of Brit
aims V-bomber force and three
American Polaris submarines,
with their H-weapons, to Gen.
Lyman Lemnitzer, supreme al
lied commander, Europe.
2. Establishment by Gen.
Lemnitzer at his headquarters
near Paris Of a deputy to take
charge Of nuclear affairs. The
deputy has not yet been
chosen. although a Dutch gen.
eral is being considered for
the post.
8. Arrangements for NATO
member states to participate
in "nuclear activities" in al
lied commands and in CO.
ordination of operational plan
ming at Omaha, Nebr., head
quarters of the United States
Strategic Air Command.
4. Interchange of fuller
nuclear information from
member countries. both in a
military and policy sense.
Carefully Negotiated
The joint communique of
the NATO foreign ministers
said the four measures had
been designed to:
Increase the effectiveness
Of the nuclear capability at
the disposal of the alliance and
to improve coordination and
control of its nuclear deter
rent forces"
The statement had been
carefully negotiated between
France and her partners dur
ing the last several weeks.
President de Gaulle was
anxious to avoid any impression
that the inter-allied nuclear
force represents a grand new
structure heralding an era of
closer North American and
European cooperation.
The American and British
authors OF the plan for the
force. however, wanted to get
1t going as a symbol of their
readiness to share some OF their
secrets and strike powers with
the nonnuclear members Of
NATO.
World Tensions
On East-West problems, in
side and outside the North
Atlantic treaty area, the Lraft
communique said tensions and
difficulties continue TO exist"
and have a profound effect
on the alliance"
II went on:
Soviet military personnel
See NATO, Page AS
Evening star., 1963-05-24
Next Step on Embassy
Believed Up to Moscow
Russians Here Make No Move
AS DeudIine Neurs to Revise PIuns
BY CHARLES PIERCE
star Staff Writer

Another snag has developed in the Russian Embassy
Chancery zoning case-this time involving Moscow.
Although the District Board of Zoning Adjustment has
agreed to permit revised plans for the proposed embassy
chancery to be submitted by deadne this Sunday the
Evening star., 1963-05-24
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
Star Staff Writer

The administration is deeply
concerned about the vulner-
ability of many tactical nu-
clear weapons now in Europe.
Current studies indicate that
many of the fighter-bomber
planes and older Army mis-
siles could be wiped out in
an attack-even a non-nuclear
attack.
The solution to the problem,
the administration has now
decided, must be to use mobile
and hardened" missiles to
cover enemy targets now as
signed to the vulnerable planes
and missiles.
Several hundred Air Force
fighter -bombers will turn their
primary mission" of fighting
nuclear war over to a combina-
ton of Army, Navy and Air
Force missiles and then be-
come, basically. launching plat
forms for TNT-loaded bombs
and missiles.
Old Army missiles will be
exchanged for new.
ChangeOver Begun
The changeover already has
started and will take at least
two years to complete. The
same sort of changes will be
urged on the NATO allies who
have tactical nuclear weapons.
American officials say the
change will increase the effec-
tive nuclear power Of NATO in
Europe.
But some critics on Capitol
Hill who have caught wind of
the shift are threatening TO
criticize it in public. These
Senators say privately that this
is a potentially dangerous trade
OF aircraft for missiles and is
another step toward a soft"
defense policy in Europe.
The change parallels that al
ready made in long-range, stra-
tegic nuclear weapons.
Two years ago many of the
long-range weapons and their
elaborate communications and
control systems we're vulner-
able, too. Most of these weap-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-04-15
Dairy Legislation

Recent announcement of the Ken
nedy administrations proposals for
new dairy Legislation brought some
Improvement in the outlook for Con-
gressionaI action in this field.
The key to the Improvement was
I sUSDA's, decision not to ask for any
reduction in the legal floor of rs per
cent of parity under price supports
for manufacturing milk. USDA rec
ognized that inSistence on a cut i'm
supports as part of a new dairy pack
age would have, doomed the whole
package.
AS compromise, the administra-
ton, is asking for payments of ST. to
So hundredweight to any farmer will
ing to voluntarily cut milk production.
Also, USDA is backing the base-excess
plan under which producers in Federal
marketing order areas would get fluid
milk prices for their Individual shares
of the local fluid markets, and lower
prices for excess milk.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-04-15
Referendum Figures

USDA'S official announcement of
the May 21 date and terms for the
1964-crop wheat control referendum
gives farmers the firm figures they
need for determining how the pro-
gram would affect individual
farms.
AS expected, the 1864 wheat allotment
is 49.5 million acres. For most farms
this means an allotment of the same
size as in 1962-about 10 per cent below
the 1868 allotment.
Two separate acreage-diversion pay
ments are part of the "a program. For
acres pushed out of wheat by the 10
per cent allotment cut from '63, pro-
ducers will get payments based on 80
per cent of normal return from the
acreage. Any farmers who want to
voluntarily retire up to 20 per cent
of their '64 allotments would get pay
ments based on so per cent of normal
returns.
Price supports? No surprise here.
Wheat covered by marketing certifi-
Gates will be worth national average
of So bushel. This So wheat will
amount to about 80 per cent of the
production from the average 1864 allot-
ment. Remaining allotment wheat will
be worth an average of $1.3O bushel.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-04-15

pace as the cattle reach market weight.
Don't expect any USDA action to
crack down on beef imports. There
have been some demands for govern
ment action along this line, but you
can write the idea off for two reasons.
No. 1-USDA economists tell Free
man that heavy imports had little to
do with the drop in fed cattle prices.
The imports have been almost all man
ufacturing beef which completes with
cow beef and slaughter cows, and those
prices haven't been affected much.
No. 2-USDA has no power to limit
imports of meat for economic reasons.
Even if it had the power, it might
ponder the wisdom of such move at
time when we're pressing the Euro
pean Common Market to be liberal
about imports of us. farm products.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-04-15

Agriculture Secretary OrviIIe L.
Freeman and his economic experts
are urging cattle feeders not to try
to hold back their cattle during the
next few months.
Freeman sees. little chance for any
real Improvement in fed cattle prices
during the next few months. But if
feeders try to hold cattle beyond the
time they reach grade, hoping for bet
ter. prices, the situation would not i'm
prove.
Withholding could run the market
up. temporarily. -Buteit would only mean
an eventual glut of heavier, lower-grade
beef to run down the market later.
The best course, Freeman says, is to
tackle the admittedly hard job of NOV
ing the current heavy supply of beef
into consumer kitchens at an orderly
Montana farmer-stockman., 1963-04-15
Feed Grain Legislation Likely
Before May q Referendum
: By JAY RICHTER

WASHINGTON, DC. = A Congress
sionaI showdown on new feed grain
legislation is near. 1t could affect pros
poets for the May 21 referendum on
1964-crop wheat controls.
You can expect House vote be-
fore the end of April on bill ex-
tending voluntary acreage retire
ment for feed grains through the
1864 and 1865 crop years.
lie the House approves-and prospects
for approval seemed good at presstime
Democratic leaders in the Senate will
be geared for fast action in an effort
to get final passage of the bill well
before the May 21 wheat vote.
The feed bill, as approved by the
House Agriculture Committee, would
continue the program generally along
present lines. USDA would get broader
authority than at present to decide
how much acreage farmers would have
to retire in order to qualify for price
supports. The Secretary of Agriculture
would also have power to decide how
much of the price support would be in
the form of a regular support loan
and how much in the form of a direct
payment.
lie Democrats manage to pass the
feed grain bill before the wheat refer
endum, they'll strengthen the claims
of Democratic leaders who maintain
that the Congress isn't likely to come
up with any substitute wheat legisla-
tion if the 1864 control referendum
fails to win farmer approval. 1t would
be much harder to pass wheat bill
alone than a combination wheat-feed
grain bill, strategists say.
Senate Majority Leader Mike Mans
field, Mont, is among the top Demo
Gratis, including President Kennedy, who
have issued recent warnings against
expecting new legislation if the refer
endum fails
Mansfield said the present wheat
legislation gives farmers a choice, and:
speaking for myself I see no need
to consider new legislation on wheat
this year.
Republicans aren't taking this too
seriously. One COP congressional lead
er predicted recently that if the refer
endum fails, the Democrats will 3tfall
all over themselves to pass new
wheat bill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Recommendations
OF Committee

With this in mind. the COM
mittee believes the following In
order:
/. The United States should
continue 10 make unmistakably
clear that the Alliance for
Progress is q long-term VEN
ture OF extraordinary complex
ity and scope, demanding a
decade or more OF sustained
effort BY all involved 10 attain
truly significant results.
Also, the Am erican public
should cease 10 Judge the ALI.
ance on whether II has accom-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

We are convinced that .! .
United States security interests
win require maintaining our
military assistance program for
some years 10 come, though 10
should be reduced progressively
as the economic capacities OF
recipient nations improve. We
believe that in a few years, the
basic need for such assistance
can be served by an annual
appropriation Of 81 billion.
II should be noted that the
Department OF Defense also
cortemplates the PHI reduc-
ton Of military assistance 10
this figure, though II believes
II cannot be attained until fis-
cal year 1868. We believe fur
Their that the supporting assist
ance which supplements major
military aid In several coiln-
tries win continue 10 be nee
See TEXT, Page A-T
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Will to Be Free
Should Be Evident

If countries with q will to be
free are to become or remain
so and If their governments
are to prove to their peoples
that the democratic, nom
Communist route TO political
and economic well-being is the
better one, some form Of ex-
ternal assistance TO their In
ternal efforts is necessary. /.
In asking whether we receive
optimum value from our as
ststance programs, we must
know what we seek and what
1t Is we expect. We must not
be disappointed If nations
which receive our aid do not
always agree with us. If our
assistance strengthens the will
and capacity Of a country to
remain independent and helps
1t move toward political and
economic stability, our money
will have been wisely spent.
If our aid simply postpones
the inevitable day Of financial
and national reckoning. then
we have wasted our substance
and helped the country not at
all. 1t is for this reason that
aid to countries which are
avowedly neutral and some
times critical Of us may be in
50 long as their inde-
pendence is genuine, their over
all behavior responsible, and
their use Of their own re-
sources prudent and purpose
full.
We must be clear as well as
to the kind Of economic sys-
TENS We attempt to foster and
assist we believe the
United States should not aid
a foreign government In prof.
ects establishing government
owned industrial and CONNER
cial enterprises which compete
with existing private endeavors.
While We realize that in aid
ing foreign countries we can
not insist upon the establish
ment of our own economic
system, despite its remarkable
success and progress, we should
not extend aid which is incon-
SiStent with our beliefs. demo-
cratic tradition. and knowledge
OF economic organization and
cOneeQuences.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Credit Given Those
Sharing in Effort

One must begin by giving Que
credit to the revived nations Of
Western Europe and Japan, as
well as Canada. for taking up
an increasing share of the bur-
den of economic assistance to
the less developed countries.
Bilateral economic assistance
from the government Of these
nations rose from about 81 bill
lion In 1856 to 50 billion in
1861. -.
We are convinced that the
burden Of sustaining foreign
assistance to the less-developed
countries is falling unfairly
upon the United States and
that the industrialized coun-
tries can and should do more
than they are now doing.
The present inequity is even
more apparent when one adds
defense expenditures to eco
nomic assistance to determine
the national shares in the total
expense Of protecting and ad-
vancing the free worlds we'll
being. This matter is of even
greater concern when one con-
siders the negative Unite d
States balance Of payments.
-. Among our specific aims
should be for Italy, despite her
special problems, to allocate
budgetary funds for aid, ex-
pand volume and liberalize
terms; Canada, to raise the
volume of aid: the United
Kingdom. 10 lower interest
rates and increase the volume
Of its aid TO independent. de-
veloping countries; Germany,
to raise its volume and soften
terms; France, to soften its aid
terms outside OF Africa, and
Japan. to soften its terms.
other developed countries
cannot. In q realistic world, Je
expected TO assume their prop
er proportions Of the assistance
effort SO long as we are appar-
emily willing 10 bear more than
our fair share. The Unite d
States should make clear its
views 10 aid-giving and aid
receiving countries. since both
have q role 10 play In its i'm
provement. The United States.
other aid-providing countries
and the respective aid-receiv-
ing countries concerned should
seek some understanding on
the latter's borrowing patterns
as developing nations. This Is
especially important 10 those
countries which would utilize
soft-term United States loans
for repaying continuing hard
term loans from other sources.
Also. developing countries must
refrain from accepting map
propriate terms OF aid and ac-
lively seek better terms from
their various lenders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
3--Findinqs

The conclusions Of our ex-
animation embrace the nature
OF United States interests and
programs In various areas OF
the world, general matters con-
corning the free world develop
ment assistance effort and as
poets OF United States pro-
grams deserving special COM
ment. We will consider them
In that order.
In examining our national
interest In foreign military and
economic assistance. the direct
relationship TO free world Sc
curity is most evident In the
defensive strengths OF those
nations which. In their CONT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Inefficiency Breeds
Grove Doubts

Moreover, the observation Of
countless instances of politi-
cally operated. heavily subsi-
died and carefully protected
inefficient state enterprises in
less developed countries makes
us gravely doubt the value Of
such undertakings in the eco
nomic lives Of these nations.
Countries which would take
this route should realize that,
while the United States will
not intervene In their affairs
to impose its own economic
system, they, too, lack the right
to intervene in our national
pocketbook for aid to enter
.prises which only increase their
costs Of government and the
foreign assistance burden they
are asking US TO carry. -.
Some aid projects have come
into being as gifts TO prove our
esteem for foreign heads of
state. hastily devised projects
to prevent Soviet aid. CANDLES
10 maintain existing govern
ments in power. leverage for
political support and similar
reasons. While q certain
amount Of this is unavoidable.
there have been too many ex-
ceptions TO the rule.
Insofar a. others believe we
accept promises In lieu Of per-
Torrance. respond 10 careful
campaigns against our embas-
sizes, pay higher prices for base
and other settlements II nego-
tiations are long and unpleas-
ant enough. and give unjusti-
fled aid in the hopes Of pre-
Guiding Soviet assistance In
marginal cases. TO that extent
the firmness Of United States
negotiating positions loses
eredibility. our efforts TO make
aid more effective by getting
local self-help are weakened.
and United States congress
sional and domestic Backing
for aid Is undermined.
We are convinced that the
United States must take more
risks for the purpose OF OBJ
tanning performance from for
eign governments, be more will
ing 10 live with charges that
II Is insensitive TO other coun-
tries needs and accept the con-
sequences that In some coun-
tries there will be less friendly
political climates.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

vigorously must use in the de-
tense and advancement Of free
world interests.
There is ample evidence Of
the need for aid and that 1t
can be successful under proper
circumstances. While 1t may be
argued that the cost Of Mar
shall plan assistance to the
United States taxpayer was
laTger than necessary, 1t is
clear that its provision made
possible the rebuilding of a free
world nucleus with the strength
to Withstand and forestall
Communist pressure. Presently,
there are many countries IN the
developed areas which wish
TO be free Of Communist DOM
nation but lack the political or
economic strength to maintain
their independence without
help from more fortunate
nations.