davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
They Deserve q Raise

A bill that matters a great deal to
the military, and hence to every person
In the United States, is now before a
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee.
1t would help to correct gross inequities
in the pay Of personnel presently in the
Armed Forces, as we'll as the pensions
OF those who retired before June /, 1858.
Recently the House demonstrated
an awareness Of the situation by almost
unanimously approving most Of the pay
raises requested by the Defense Depart
ment. However, there was one serious
setback which military planners, in
Guiding Defense Secretary Mcnamara,
view as damaging to the morale and
efficiency Of the services and therefore
to the countrys security.
The House voted inadequate raises
for first lieutenants, captains and
majors, and their naval equivalents.
Too many top-quality officers of these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Protecting News Sources

Every newSman in the country
shared the victory of two Philadelphia
Bulletin executives whose contempt
convictions were reversed by the State
Supreme Court. The 6-to-1 decision
was more than one newspapers vindi-
cation. Even in States without such
laws, it added substance to the I'M
written code that no newspaper should
be required to reveal sources of con-
fidential information obtained in the
public interest.
The Philadelphia case revolved on
more than the ordinary refusal to dis
close confidential source. In fact, 1t
was interviews with this primary source,
quoted by name in news stories, which
led to grand jury investigation of
alleged City Hall corruption. The stick
ing point came when the Bulletin Of
ficials were ordered to produce any
documents or tape recordings resulting
from conversations with their inform
ant. This they refused to do.
In his majority opinion, Chief
Justice Bell went to the heart of the
ideals which motivated the Bulletin
officials, President Robert L. Taylor and
City Editor Earl Selby. They are the
same ideals which all responsible pub
fishers live by in the conviction that,
unless confidential sources are pro-
tected, much that should be exposed
to public scrutiny will be left unbared.
Said Judge Bell:
Independent newspapers are TODAY the
principal watchdogs and protectors of honest
as well as good, government. They are, more
than anyone else. the principal guardians
OF the general welfare of the community
and with few exceptions. they serve their
city, State or Nation with high principles,
zeal and fearlessness. They are in the best
sense Of maxim, pro bono publico"
This is high praise, indeed, but
praise which the gentlemen of the
Philadelphia Bulletin have earned in
full measure. More than that, the reso-
luton of this case could not have been
timelier in connection with a bill Sen
ator Heating of New York recently in
troduced.
Senator Heating is proposing legis-
lation which would extend the rule of
news source immunity to the Federal
District courts and the committees of
Congress. The Justice Department and
the Administrative Office of the United
States Courts have been invited to sub
NIT reports to the Senate Judiciary
Committee. Senator Heating has an
open mind on the details of such law,
and has invited lively discussion by
other legislators and the public. 1t is
bill that deserves earnest considera-
tion-not on behalf of newsmen who, II
necessary, can go to jail for a principle,
but for the public which stands to be
better informed and protected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Montgomery orqoin'

Everybody likes a bargain,
and Montgomery County
never had such an opportu-
nifty. The SO million worth
of double-deck parking lots
now being planned are
"naturals" for fallout and
blast protection Of thousands
OF citizens. This has been
shown by several forward
thinking governments here
and abroad. BY doing Moth
ing Montgomery County will
get a moderate number of
shelter spaces in spite Of it.
self. But, with a small
amount Of thought to the
design. 1t can multiply this
protection many times over.
Several level-headed citi-
zens groups have been call
ing on the County Council to
authorize community shelter
programs. These groups can
now get a large part Of their
wishes, and the county coun-
Gil can get a large feather
in its cap. at a ridiculously
small expenditure Of effort
or dollars.
All large architectural
firms have government =
trained shelter experts ready,
willing and able 10 insert the
extra bonus in fallout and
blast protection into these
sturdy structures.
But the time is now, be-
fore they are designed, not
during the next Cuban or
Berlin crisis.
TrebOr YelOf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
What q Quiet 9TH!

The Fourth OF July is not
a celebration Of independ-
ence any more, but q day Of
sales a day at the beach
>. a few flags here and
there -. a piddling display
Of fireworks.
Are we forgetting the
greatest single reason for
our enjoying this great and
wonderful country OF ours?
The Fourth should be a ma
tional holiday in every sense
Of the word.
There should be a mighty
parade telling and retellinR
our children and the new
corners to our land, Of the
greatest struggle and victory
over tyranny the world has
ever seen.
Do we fail to fully celebrate
because we feel there is not
full freedom here for all, but
for the majority
Next year. let the Presi-
dent declare 1t a real Ma
tional holiday and have COM
mittees plan a day that will
show all people-Americans
included-how very much we
love our country and our
freedoml
Martin Buxbaum.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Talented Ones

A letter from John C.
Rogers noted that Booker T.
Washington, George WASH
ington Carver, Marian An
derson, and Ralph Bunche
didn't need demonstrations
to achieve success. I've
noted that white people who
invoke the names of people
like George Washington Car
yer and others like him are
white people Of a very special
kind. They are people who
feel that a Negro must be a
scientific genius before he
can eat In the same restau-
rant with the grimiest white
grease monkey; that he must
win a Nobel Prize before he
can use the grubbiest gas
station rest room, that he
must have a sparkling oper-
attic voice before he can ride
a bus with the most talent
less white sales clerk; or that
he must possess the bril-
lance Of Einstein before he
can go to school with the
dullest, most ordinary white
person.
What they are saying is
that the Negro must strive
for as a reward that which
the white person gets as a
birthright; that he must be
an extraordinary phenome-
non of nature before he re-
ceives what others receive
Just for being human beings.
Barbara Fields.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS

By RALPH McGILL

brothers were Is years in
building their community.
and three brothers learned
the art Of staining glass from
instructors from the parent
monastery.
Man learned about glass
early in his evolutionary de-
velopment. Fires on beaches
or on sandy areas inland,
where silica and alkali were
present. produced glass. With
his mind and inspiration,
man took the accidental Gre
alton from the ashes of his
cooking fires and began to
make glass vessels-and,
finally, to stain it and de-
velop a new art form.
Part Of New South"
The story of the Trappists
is a part Of the evolving
New South" Thirty years
ago the Roman Catholic
Church in the Southern
States was almost exclusively
an urban establishment. To-
day, there is hardly a small
city or town that does not
have its Roman church or
mission. Its growth rate is
well ahead Of the Protestant
churches. Quietly. but intel
ligently, the Roman Cath
olics have provided the Ne
gro with schools, impressive
churches, and a full oppor-
tunity for religious life.
The result is a large and
steadily growing total Of Ne
gro communicates. While
the dominant Protestant
churches In the South have
been, in the main, supporters
Of segregation, the Roman
Catholic desegregation Of
schools and the mass has
proceeded successfully.
When President Kennedy
had his recent audience with
Pope Paul VI, the Holy
Father made reference TO the
American problem: I'VE are
ever mindful in our prayers"
said the Pope to the young
President, "of the efforts to
insure to all your citizens
the equal benefits Of citizen
ship, which have as their
foundation the equality OF all
men because Of their dignity
as persons and children OF
God"
There are many new
things in the emerging South
O 1858
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Dimes for DoLLnrs2

I found it highly disturb
ing to read how the General
Accounting office insulted
the D. c. government for not
acting fast enough to
qualify for $1.8 million dol
lars in Federal aid for old
age medical care.
The GAO criticized the
D. C. government for not
having effective manage
ment control" This is an in
triguing staten MT. Who
controls management? Does
management have its deci-
sions made for it? Or does
it manage" its own deci-
sions? Does management
manage" or is it man
aged?
But there's no point In
wandering into the mists of
Federal logic. It's a 30-year-
old fog that has yet to lift.
What / would like to know
is this: How much money do
District residents put into
the Federal till? And how
much Of it do they get back?
We know that it is dispro-
portionate, but by how much?
Many States receive much
less than 10 per cent Of their
money back. Is D. c. in that
category?
Is the Federal Government
taking dollars out of our
back pockets and teasing us
with dimes?
Joseph H. MOnahan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Furnishing States

I have read recently that a
bill is pending in the Senate
that would permit the Fed
eral Government to withhold
Federal funds from an entire
State or area under certain
circumstances. Admittedly
there are situations that need
cleaning up in any State and
now is the time to do it, but
this borders too much on
discretionary dictator powers
that could be invoked by the
Federal Government for any
cause. Conversely, these lines
of thinking do not tend to
bring all the States together
as a united Nation.
Since the people make up
the States and the States
make up the Union, what,
other than an armed Federal
force, is to prevent a State
from cutting off its contribu-
tons to the Federal Govern
ment Of all the Federal levies
against individuals and bust
ness firms within a State?
If this step should be taken
also, then we, as a Nation,
are again divided in deed and
fact.
So 1t must remain that in
dividuals must cease think
ing small and perhaps the
Federal Government can
think a little higher and all
go forward with good faith
under the Constitution and
solve the difficulties pre-
sented to us as a Nation of
varied peoples with many
different ideas and views but
as one Nation with great
pride! MRS. T. E. Miller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Politics and Riqhts

A recent column OF Gould
Lincoln contains a reference
to ADA which is grossly I'M
fair. He asked Are the lib
eral Democrats and their al
lies, including the ADA, seek
ing an alibi If anything goes
wrong with the Kennedy
civil rights legislative pro-
gram? If not, why the deter
mined effort by some Of
them to put the blame-in
advance of the fact-on Re-
publican shoulders?"
AS far as ADA is con-
cerned, he is talking through
his hat. ADA is working
closely with Congressman of
both parties who are sup
porting the Presidents pro-
posed legislation-and with
those who also believe, as
ADA believes, that the leg
islation should be strength
ened by addition of a Fair
Employment Practices Com
mission and a complete Part
III.
In a crisis as great as the
revolution for civil rights
which is taking place in this
country today, only the ig-
norant or those who wish
the United States Ill would
play politics with civil rights
legislation.
AS evidence of ADA's BIZ
partisanship on this issue, let
me remind Gould Lincoln of
a statement I made on be-
half of ADA this spring when
seven Republican Senators
proposed comprehensive civil
rights legislation: THE Re-
publican civil rights package
is the most complete answer
to segregation and discrimi-
nation yet offered in Con-
greSs. We call upon Minor
ity Leader Dirksen to sup
port his Republican col
leagues, and upon the Ad-
ministration to update its
own proposals in the light Of
the Republican package"
ADA will fight totally for
a civilized civil rights bill,
and we, like everyone else
around the country, will give
credit for its passage to those
who support the bill, and
blame those who try to
thwart it regardless of race,
color or party.
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
Vice Chairman, Civil Rights
and Civil Liberties,
Americans for
Democratic Action.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
FOCUS ON THE NEWS
By CHARLES BARTLETT
Unity of West Vital on Red Trade

italy for 81 o barrel against
q minimum Western price OF
$1.40 for oil from the Middle
East. The tendency Of Eu-
rope to develop q reliance
upon Soviet supply may have
to be countered by the &C
ceptance Of voluntary quotas
on Soviet imports.
Unity Necessary
But this or any step to con-
solidate the Western position
on bloc trade must stem from
a unity of approval that does
not exist. The United States
is not competing for this
trade and the allies, aware Of
the public attitudes and con-
gressional restraints against
commerce with the Commu-
lists, are not prepared to deal
seriously on the subject or to
respond to an American ini-
tiative.
Western unity will develop
only if the American position
gains commanding strength
from a hostile turn in the
Cold War or If the United
States loosens its restraints
to bring them into line with
the more liberal European
policy. The Kennedy admin
iStration favored q liberaliza-
ton when it took office and
concrete moves in this direc-
ton undoubtedly will be
made in the event Of real
progress toward a relaxation
of tensions.
This presumably would re-
quire acceptance of the mar
rover list of export restric-
tons which is now observed
in Europe and a willingness
to give Government guaran-
tees on credits extended to
the Com m unist nations.
These steps, placing United
States manufacturers on a
competitive basis with the
Europeans, would be likely
to induce the allies to join an
effort to achieve a common
economic policy.
This common policy is es-
sential to the second-step
negotiations between the
West and the bloc to regu-
larize the character of world
trade. The West would be
seeking in these negotiations
to outlaw the crude trade
practices, including dumping
and other disruptive tech
niques, that have gained in
creaSing vogue among the
Communists. The aim would
be to establish circumstances
in which the two economic
systems may compete under
Marquis Of QueenSbury rules.
ITO trade or not to trade"
is now an emotional issue in
the United States, but it is
also a political and economic
issue and it ultimately will
have to be faced in those
terms.
@ 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Consent of Governed

In mis- inspiring column,
Spires of the Spirit" DR..
Frederick Brown Harris puts
the spotlight of truth upon
the sorry spectacle Of our
Government compromising
with the Communist forces
which have enslaved the peo-
pies of Hungary, East Ger
many, and other European
nations. DR.. Harris theme
was the principle Of govern
ment by consent Of the gov
erned" and the extent to
which that principle has
been vitiated by our Govern
ment in its seeming willing
ness to accommodate to the
forces Of tyranny.
But if our Government has
compromised the consent Of
the governed" principle in its
foreign policies, it has gone
even further in its domestic
policies, especially in the
field Of civil rights" Since
the hySteria of Reconstruc-
ton following the close Of
the Civil War, Congress has
consistently refused to legis-
late Negro Indignation in
either public or private IA
cilities. In doing so, members
Of Congress were following
the wishes Of their conStitu-
entS. That is the essence Of
the principle Of government
by consent Of the governed.
Frustrated in their efforts
to obtain legislation, minor
1ty pressure groups, in def
ance of the will of the ma
jority, have prevailed upon
the Supreme Court and upon
the President to do their
bidding by judicial edict and
by executive order. That, I
submit, is the essence of the
principle Of government by
authoritarian control which
is the antithesis of individual
freedom.
Harvey n Hewitt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
For Better Transit

Six Leagues of Women
Voters in the Washington
Metropolitan Area have given
their support to "a co-ordi-
mated metropolitan trans
portation system which in
cludes rapid rail transit, with
construction of a downtown
Washington subway as an
initial step"
Therefore these leagues.
representing approximately
5000 members, urge the pub
lie to support and Congress
to pass a bill to en-
power the National Capital
Transportation Agency to
undertake the construction
and acquisition of transit ia
cilities Substantially in &C.
cordance" with the Meta
plan.
The prompt development
OF an effective transit system
is vital to the future of
Washington and its suburbs.
Mrs. VILLA m BOzman,
President, LWV of Ar
ington; Mrs. Brooke
Schumm, Pres, LWV Of
Alexandria; Mrs. Claude
Grace, Pres, LWV of
Fairfax County; Mrs.
William Carrot, Pres,
LWV Of Montgomery
County; Mrs. Jehu
Hunter, Pres. Lwv Of
District Of Columbia;
Mrs. Charles A. Gend-
reau, Pres, LWV Of Falls
Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. What is the earliest
Bible reference TO q stand
ing army?-N. II.
A. The first traces Of a
standing army in Israel are
found In the reign OF Saul.
He retained 5000 men Of all
Israel TO hold the Philistines
In check Il Samuel 1920,
and impressed any men OF
marked valor whom he saw
Il Samuel l4:52). The army
OF Israel consisted originally
OF infantry only, composed
OF spearmen, singers. and
archers. It included all the
able-bodied men OF the ma
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18

mier Khrushchev does want
the friendship that will avert
a decimating war while he
employs trade and other
forces to develop communism
to a point where it may
eclipse capitalism. This dual
ity of purpose seems as
straightforward to Russians
as 1t is confusing to Ameri-
cans, who do not compre-
bend the use of friendship as
a means to an unfriendly
end.
The American response to
this curious Soviet PROPOSE
ton has never really been
formulated. The indetermi-
nate character Of the Cold
War has thus far averted
the necessity for political
leaders to make a choice, but
the time may be at hand
when the Nation will have to
face more Squarely the issue
Of East West trade.
Nikita Khrushchev has
grumbled already at the
omission Of any reference to
trade in the Presidents
peace-f e cling speech at
American University in June.
AS quickly as the negotia-
tons begin to move, he is
certain to resume the cam
paign for freer trading pol
icieS that he began in 1858.
Temporary Advantage
If the negotiations do not
succeed and the Cold War
continues to drift, the issue
may nevertheless be forced
by the spreading Emergencies
between the United States
and its European allies in re-
gard to bloc trade as well as
by the growing capacities Of
the Communists for economic
penetration. The West holds
a great current advantage
its trade with the bloc ac-
counts for only four per cent
of its total trade whereas the
bloc does Is per cent of its
trade with the West-but the
advantage will decline as the
Communists industrialize.
The advantage is diluted
also by the monopolistic pot
entail of Communist indus
try, which has shown itself
most wildly in the export of
oil to West Europe. The So
VETS can, according to a
study in a forthcoming book
by Michael Deutch, sell oil to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSG-
ton. Those not used iDiH be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18

Roman Catholic Monastery
of the Holy Ghost, near Con-
yers, Ga, are making "a
stained glass windows for
three new Baptist churches
now under construction in
Southwest Georgia. An At
lanta architectural firm gave
its services in designing the
buildings. Public fund drives
raised the money to pay the
bills.
These three congregations
were burned and bombed out
by persons whose race hatred
made them willing to destroy
churches because educational
meetings in voter registration
and citizenship were being
held in them. Destruction Of
a church shocks even the
more callous. That there are
persons whose minds are sick
enough and warped enough
to burn or bomb a place of
worship never fails to arouse
moral anger.
The names Of the churches
soon to be rebuilt in attrac-
tive form are pleasant. The
Shady Grove Baptist Church
is in Lee County, Georgia.
Oee County is in the old cot
ton plantation region. It's
major crops are cotton and
peanuts. Its farms are larger
than average. The county's
population has been declin-
ing.) The Mount Olive and
Mount Mary Baptist churches
were adjoining Terrell Coun-
ty. The crops in Terrell
are those Of Lee. It, too, fol-
lows the national pattern in
losing population.
Heart-Warming Deed
The three churches were
small, wooden buildings.
Their congregations were
small. They were made up of
farm workers, tenants, and a
few owners Of modest farms.
The new churches, beautiful
IN design, and possessed OF
stained-glass windows, will
be comparative show places.
They are expected to be dedi-
Gated In mid-autumn.
That Roman Catholics of
the famous monastic order
OF Trappists, vowed to silence
and prayer for all mankind,
should have been so aroused
as to volunteer to make the
stained : glass windows for
three Negro Baptist churches
also is one Of those stories
that warm and cheer the
heart. There are three
monks at the monastery who
have become artists Of imagi-
nation and skill because
there was need for them.
The monks moved to Geor-
gia about l6 years ago. They
lived in a barn until they
had completed their COM
munity buildings-includin
what is almost certainly the
most beautiful church in the
Southeast. It's beauty attracts
thousands Of visitors. The
Monastery Of the Holy Ghost
began as q mission from the
older and ong-established
Gethsemane In Kentucky.
The reverend fathers and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18
The Else Poor

In this day Of great tur-
MOL and mighty issues, II
was a refreshing change OF
pace to read your editorial
THE Else Pool" which makes
It's point in such a delight
full and witty way.
Virginia N. Ruth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18

Since Adam Smith men
have argued whether foreign
trade should ideally be an
act Of friendship or of VEN
geance toward the trading
partner. In recent years the
Soviet Union has confused
the West by proposing to
trade for both reasons stimuli
taneously.
The offer is not hypocriti-
cal, since it is clear that Pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-18

Last Of three articles on Eost-
West trade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-11-17
Steel Viking Wins
With Lute Drive

PAWTUCKET, r. l., Nov. II
(AP).-Steel Viking, 3-year-old
son of Silver Wings owned by
w. H. Grinold Of Wallingford,
Conn.,, today strengthened his
claim as the seasons New Eng
land champion Of that age with
a nose victory in the $4,000
James E. Dooley Memorial
handicap.
Steel viking paid 5000
straight and $3.50 to place.
there being no show or combi-
nation be tting in the race.
Winners time was $50 and
fourth-fifths. Heliotwist paid
$3.50 to place.