davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25

There could hardly be a less en-
viable diplomatic assignment than that
given Livingston T. Merchant. His task,
which he, has just begun in Paris as
the Presidents special envoy, is to sell
the idea of a multilateral or multi
national nuclear force within the COM
mand structure of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization. Unhappily, how
ever, he has two strikes against him
at the very start. s'4 'F ar
The first of these is this: Although
Britain has committed itself to the
project as set forth in the Kennedy
Macmillan Nassau agreement, Presi-
dent de Gaulle Of France is adamantly
opposed to it, his view being that his
country must develop and maintain its
own acknowledgement weapons on an
independent basis. And secondly, de-
spite, the fact that other members of
NATO have Endorsed the idea Gin princi-
pie" the proposed multinational force
involves great number of very big
complexities that have thus far been
dealt with by our Government in only
the vagueSt kind of manner. Indeed
Mr.. Merchant apparently has been sent
abroad primarily to carry out lex
ploratory" talks in which he will merely
feel his way and fight shy of offering
firm answers to any of the major ques-
lions that trouble our allies.
For example: win the Congress of
the United States approve arrangements.
under which mixed crewS-made up of
Americans and other NATO nationals
would operate Polaris submarines and
surface veSSels?. And would not this
require far-reaching amendment of our
country'S Atomic Energy Act? Mr. Mer-
chant, as indicated by the President,
will discuss these and similar questions
with our allies in Paris and elsewhere.
But he will not be able to say much
more-at least as far as the Senate
is concerned-than that any agreement
on the matter would have to have con-
gresSional approval And what If there
is no such approval2 How then can
there be an effective nuclear force
whose trigger finger will be not Just
ours?
These and kindred questions speak
pretty much for themselves. Mr.. Mer-
chant, whose long diplomatic career has
been distinguished one, can be counted
upon to do as good selling job as
possible in the circumstances. But the
circumstances, as the press in Paris
has made clear, are definitely not
promising and so his mission will be
accomplishing q miracle of sorts If it
turns out to be even moderately sue
cessful in averting arcomplete inter-
allied Snafu.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Thinking Big

General Motors Corporation, the
worlds largest Industrial enterprise, has
followed up its announcement Of record
sales and profits in 1862 with disclosure
Of plans to increase its worldwide plant
and equipment expenditures In 1868 to
SIS billion. The two-year total of capital
investment will amount to about $24
billion, with the bulk of 1t in facilities
in this country. If 1t takes money to
make money, the GIN schedule seems
to be In logical sequence and company
officials made 1t clear that their purpose
is exactly that Of remaining competi-
lively aggressive and profitable.
In one respect, this is a matter of
greatest concern only to GIN stockhold-
ers or to its rivals in the many fields
of company activity. It is, however, also
a program Of major Importance TO the
national economy as a whole, and TO the
Kennedy administrations perfectly
proper hopes Of expanding capital in
veStment and encouraging moderniza-
ton Of the .country's industrial capacity.
Americas Industrial giants are not
always pictured in a most favorable
image" and perhaps for valid reason.
Their muscle" is awesome, however,
when expressed in the confident terms
Of plans to spend billions Of dollars in
order TO produce more and better goods
for free-society market.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Corporal Punishment

The Juror kicked up by the proposal
OF DR.. Hansen to abolish the rule pro-
hibiting. corporal punishment" in
District schools is largely a problem OF
semantics. Inevitably the very term
conjures up visions of return to the
days Of the willow switch and the
hickory rod. And there is neither the
prospect nor the intent OF such return
in the current situation.
What is the intent2 The superin-
tendent Of schools explains 1t this way:
Teachers do not as a whole want TO
employ corporal punishment. They want
however, TO be relieved Of the effect OF the
rule against II. The general opinion is that
the prohibition against corporal punishment
causes some children TO become arrogant and
unresponsve to authority. There are repeated
references TO statements by pupils: you
cannot lay a hand on me or you will lose
your Job" To what extent the fear Of corpo-
raj punishment will improve discipline is
unknown. II is unlikely 10 be persuasive
among children who are mistreated beaten
and neglected at home. AT the same time
IL is clear that the Board Of Education rule
against corporal punishment encourages in
science on the part OF some children and in
isolated cases their parents.
Despite this explanation land as
surances that specific rules would be
drafted to define and restrict its use),
Wesley s. williams, the president OF the
Board Of Education, believes that aboli-
ton OF the rule would result in teachers
"slapping children around" Don't tell
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Teenuqer on Crime

Your front page story con-
corning the beating Of a 81
year-old bus driver on Feb
ruary l6 clearly shows the
lack Of discipline found In
some teenagers today.
A large share OF the blame
OF these Juveniles disgrace
full action is due In part TO
their parents failure TO con-
troll their activities or in
struct them in proper public
conduct. Because OF this lack
OF supervision, II is no won
der there IS a breakdown Of
discipline In our schools.
This shocking incident Is
further proof that II is I'M
safe 10 walk the streets Of
the Nations Capital at night.
AS a teenager. believe the
delinquents committing these
and similar crimes should be
punished 10 the full.extent OF
the law.
But enforcement Of the
law is not the real solution
10 this growing problem. A
more determined. effort
should be made by all of us
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Don't WoIk-Run!

When President Kennedy
asked Marines to have q So
mile walking >test, the idea
was to see if officers Of to-
day are as full Of vigor as
the officers Of Teddy Roose-
velt's days. Foot-travel i'm
mediately swept the country:
people everywhere we're de-
termined to make their So
mile hike. 1t is a good idea
to build up American weak
lings. However, in Washing
ton, d. c., 1t does not ap-
pear that the hike is quite
the thing. Noting the crime
rate in the District and the
number of automobile acct
dents, a physical fitness IA
matte might find himself run
over or robbed after a brisk
walk through the city.
I do not wish to seem crit
ical of the President, but for
the District there must be a
better way to make the citi-
zens physically fit. Consid-
er Rock Greek Park, which
extends the length of the
city. 1t is truly an enormous
park to have through an ur-
ban area the size of WASH
ington. With some engineer
ing ingenuity this polluted
waste area could be turned
into a public dream. With
some well-placed dams for
aerating or chlorinating the
water, together with the
elimination of sewage drain
age into the creek. it could
become a haven for SWIM
mers in summer and for ice
skaters in winter. In addi-
ton judicious dredging and
installation of a few locks
would make this sylvan area
a most attractive scenic wa
terway for boating.
Visualize Rock Creek Park
opened up for public usel To-
morrow's would-be criminals
might learn some respect for
other peoples property and
reform. Many of our reckless
drivers might turn to boat
ing, ice-skating or swimming
With fewer automobiles on
the streets and fewer crimi-
mails but more physically-fit
citizens, instead of a 50-mile
walk we could try for a So
mile run.
Henry G.. TrainOr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Part of the Package

Both the House and Senate DISTRICT
Committee chairmen plan early hear
ings on the Presidents legislative pro-
poSal to authorize a more equitable
Federal payment and more flexible
borrowing powers for the city. This is
good news. On the House side, however,
Chairman Mcmillan repeatedly does not
intend to consider at the same time
proposed increased in local taxes. And
this complexities the picture.
According to one of his aides, Mr..
Mcmillan is not convinced Of the need
for the tax boosts, and wants evidence
of that need before acting. When could
that come? Ordinarily, the evidence
would be available after the District
budget requests are analysed and adj
justed by the appropriations commit
tees. Under the carefully worked out
plan which seeks to restore more order
to District fiscal processes this year,
however, Chairman hatcher of the
House District Appropriations Subcom-
mittee has agreed to delay his hearings
on the budget until he has a better
idea Of precisely what revenues will be
available. And he will not have that
idea until some action is taken on the
new Federal payment-local tax-borrow-
ing legislation.
We can sympathize with Mr.. Nc
Millan's reservations about rushing into
an increased local-tax authorization at
this early stage in view Of past expert
ences. Almost invariably when local tax
increases have been proposed in recent
years as part Of a package of greater
Federal support, the District has been
Shortchanged. Little more than the tax
increases have been provided, and Con-
gresS has merely tailored the eventual
budget to the slight revenue increases
resulting from that source.
There are three reasons, however,
why the situation is different this year.
First, the needs of the city have be-
come so great, the backlog of unmet
needs has piled up so high, that there
is no danger of excess revenues being
authorized. Even under the most opti-
miStic revenue estimates, only the most
urgent Of the city's needs could be fl
nanced. Secondly, there is scant chance
Of any meaningful increase this year
in the urgently needed Federal pay
ment, as a purely political matter,
unless taxes also are raised to some
degree. And finally, the tax provision
is an integral part of the detailed and
complex revenue package which Presi-
dent Kennedy has proposed, and has
discussed in detail with legislative lead
ers. The President has given. every
indication, moreover, that he intends
to maintain his personal interest in
the legislative progress Of this package
throughout the session. If he should
do so, the benefits to the District could
be substantial. '>" p
We hope, therefore, that Mr.. Nc
MILAN will reconsider the matter In
this light, and conduct his hearings in
the closest possible coordination with
Mr.. hatcher, and with their counter
parts in the other body, Senator'S Bible
Of Nevada and Byrd of West Virginia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Nothing New?

It is interesting to note
how the New Deal history re-
peats itself on the New
Frontier. This is despite a
vast difference in the nature
of the two periods. There
we're deep depressions then
as compared to reasonably
prosperous times now. Big
pump-priming and deficits to
end unemployment we're
among the New Deals plans
which didn't work.
Now q tax cut, and con-
tinued big spending, creating
a near record deficit, are
again advocated to end un-
employment. The Youth
Conservation Corps urged by
President Kennedy resembles
the New Deal Civilian Con-
Servation Corps. Mr.. Kenne-
dy's proposal to employ 40, 1000
youths the first year on nom
profit community services,
such as hospitals, schools,
parks and settlement houses
is a slight switch. The New
Deal had the CCC to pick
up sticks. rake leaves, etc.
Also Mr.. Kennedy's proposed
National Service Corps for
people Of all ages is likened
to the New Deals PWA and
WPA.
The reason, of course, for
all these projects is unem-
ployment. The big issue is
VIII these projects help? II
experience of the New Deal
is any guideline they will
not. for after nearly 10 years
Of New Deal spending and
wasting money like it was
going out of style and plung-
ing the country to the brink
Of bankruptcy. 1t took World
War II to get the country
out Of the depression and
save face.
NiSh Showers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25

Deep trouble is building
up in the Senate for any nu-
clear test ban arrangement
which may be reached with
the Russians at the cost Of
further substantial conces-
sions by the United States.
The Senate must say yea
or nay to any nuclear treaty.
One third Of its membership
plus one can refuse ratifica-
ton.
The latest stated American
minimum demand" in the
Zigging and tagging dis
arment conference at Geneva
has been for a rock-bottom
eight to ten on-site inspec-
tons q year to police Soviet
performance on any pledge to
halt nuclear testing. The
Soviet Union has made q
take-it-or-leave-it offer Of
two to three a year and peri
odically threatens to with
draw even this absurdly in
adequate form Of inspection
guarantee.
Ambiguous" Denials
There are accommodating
signs, however, that in our
eagerness to achieve some
progress our negotiators are
not unprepared to go down
to seven inspections, and per-
haps even below that. This
has been privately conceded
even while somewhat am
biguous public denials have
been floated about.
So obvious has It become
that we are considering a fur
ther softening Of our posi-
ton, indeed, that so ardent
a test ban advocate as Sena-
tor Hubert H. Humphrey Of
Minnesota has felt compelled
to warn that, while 1t is the
President who proposes in
treaty matters. it is the Sen
ate which disposes. Senator
Humphrey has said, from his
post as an observer at Cen
eva, that any scheme for few
er than eight inspections
would be difficult" to get
through the Senate.
Impossible" would In fact
be the accurate term.
The long, long story Of
American efforts to come to
some agreement with the
Russians to end nuclear test
ing, with its consequent nu-
clear fallout, has been a long,
long story of repeated fall
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Notorious Traitors of Our Time
By DONALD MINTZ

government by force. we deal
with them on an essentially
pragmatic basis and the ide-
illogical fog rarely rises above
ground level.
ALL THIS ASIDE, the
specific cases in DR.. Boveri'S
book are most interesting. 1t
is easy and convenient to
have q totally one-sided pic
ture Of o man like Pierre
Laval. Yet, as DR.. Boveri
shows, this relentless oppor-
tunist had q certain vision of
France that to tell the hard
truth is not totally unlike
De Gaulle's. To be sure.
Laval sent Frenchmen to
work under slave conditions
in Nazi Germany, and for
this, among other things, he
was condemned. But he sent
not the requested 2 million
but a mere 100000, and in
order to accomplish this re-
sorted to every known eva
sive tactic and not q few
that he developed himself.
But are 100000 men mere?
Are the million and q half
who were not sent justifica-
ton for collaboration?
Treason in the Twentieth
Century" does not answer.
It does seek to present the
facts in all their completely.
and in this it is successful.
Whether DR.. Boveri's Sys-
TEN for dealing with these
facts is profound or merely
obscure cannot be deter
mined without the rest of
her book.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
Subway for D. c.

RegardleSS OF the eccen-
tricities Of Washington's
transportation agency. the
case for a subway system for
the entire area cannot be dis
missed with the statement
that such a plan would "dect-
mate" our proposed free
way system.
This is the kind Of think
ing that seems to be unfor-
tunately typical Of the high
way engineer. Freeways are
not q goal in themselves;
they are intended only to
maintain and increase the
vitality Of the metropolitan
area and its people. Depend
ence upon more and more
freeways to the exclusion of
subways would, in fact, deci-
mate the city, its business
properties. and our homes.
Subways are not a radical
or ultra-hberal idea. New
York has had them for about
half q century and, in a
heavy snowstorm two winters
ago, the city functioned eff
fectively at a time when all
automotive traffic was
barred from Manhattan. Bos-
ton. Chicago and Philadel-
phia have subways. .
II we want to look into the
future, we have in this case
an opportunity to do 1t.
Philadelphia Is. one possi-l
BILE example of the WASH
ingtoY1 Of tomorrow. Los An
geles is another. Philadelphia
began making plans for mas
sive urban redevelopment
years ago. Today it is physi-
cally one Of the most dynamic
cities in America; it has a
fully = interloeked subway,
train, and bus system. Its
downtown revenues have in
creased enormously since the
days of the old "Chinese
Wall" .
Los Angeles, by contrast,
has depended entirely upon
automobiles to hold the city
together and provide access
and egress for its residents.
Today. some 70 per cent Of
the city's downtown area has
been paved over with con-
crete. The highway inter-
changes are not only ugly to
behold but frightening to
drive on. If you mention this
to a Los notwithstanding
the air is possible to breathe
at the time-he will likely
tell you: "Oh, nobody comes
downtown anymore"
Saying that people prefer
cars to rapid transit is non
sense; we've never been given
an adequate alternate in
Washington. Saying that
rapid transit can be provided
on the surface via exclusive
lanes for buses overlooks the
simple fact that washington
weather can slow or halt any
surface vehicle. and a road
for buses only Is an extrava-
CANT luxury. Saying that I'VE
can't lose the 90 per cent
Federal contribution Ia
highway building is myopic
thinking. BY spending it we
hurt only ourselves. II its
good capitalism to take Fed
eral subsidies for roads, how
does It become socialism To
do 1t for subways2
It's time we took our heads
out of the sand: II We don't
Wen eventually find them In
concrete. ? '.'.
Robert r. Denny.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
L1wrence's Thinking
Nish Showers

It Is very hard to recon-
cile David Lawrence's think
ing IN his article Kennedy
Policies Hurt Economy" He
Is blaming the recession "in
part" because the Demo-
cratic Party in Congress -
carelessly and without weigh
ing the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
a new law on expense-ac-
count deductions. :" Mr..
Lawrence states this tax rul-
ing makes 1t harder and
more difficult TO wine and
dine customers, hence this
has brought depression in
the restaurant and hotel
business. Also cattle prices
have suffered a setback be-
cause higher-priced restau-
rants have cut their buying
Of top beef.
He is against cheating the
Government but is. at the
same time, against laws that
will catch up with these
cheats. To ask that a COM
plete and thoropgh record be
kept Of such entertainment is.
in his mind, penalizing in
. nocent citizens. II seems 10
me that II a person takes al
lowed deductions. 1t is not
too much 10 ask for proof
OF such expenditures. All
individuals must have re-
ceipts for their personal de-
auctions. II this is such a
time consuming task. the
business man could put this
on his expense account as
overtime or better still hire
a secretary 10 take care OF
details and this would help
the economy by providing
more Jobs.
There must be a lot OF
cheating in this field II the
Government found II neces-
sary TO make such a ruling
and II. because Of this ruiz
ing. the business man is get
ting more cautious and caus-
ing the recession In part"
as Mr.. Lawrence states.
Virginia Moore.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25
THE PASSING SCENE
Senate Hurdle for Test Ban
BY WILLIAM S. VIII.

back by us in the face of So
Wet pressure for more and
more yielding on our side.
Senator Thomas j. Dodd of
Connecticut has Just told the
Senate, in q major speech IL
Illustrating with rare COM
pleteness the agony and an
guish of this issue to man
kind, Of IL such major Amer
lean concessions since 1858.
All this is apart from the
greatest and most generous
concession ever for sharing
the atom-that offered long
ago by the commission head
ed by Bernard Baruch at a
time when the United States
had a monopoly on the
atomic bomb.
FatefuI Question
The agony and the an
guish is this: All men Of good
will, and Dodd among them,
honestly wish to see an end
to the nuclear arms race.
They are, moreover, not less
human than other men in
wishing desperately for an
end to nuclear fallout. They
are not able, however, and a
majority Of the Senate will
never in a foreseeable time
be able, to follow that artiA
culate minority in current
American life which is so
fatally bent upon some ac-
commodation with the Rus
slams that 1t would put this
country's very life in pawn
to what would amount to a
nuclear moratorium resting
on Soviet promises alone.
This is not to say that this
Governments negotiators
themselves are so fatally
bent. 1t is to say, however,
that in their understandable
drive to bring off a nuclear
treaty they lean more to-
ward the trusting than to the
skeptical side in this i'm
mense and fateful question.
1t is not easy to cling to
the Skeptical side-as Dodd
above nearly all others has
surely had reason to learn.
For it is easy to present the
skeptics as hard Of heart as
well as hard of nose, as in
favor Of fallout and against
peace" But somebody has
to mind the store of national
security-and this the Sen
ate Of the United States will
surely do, II 1t must.
(copright 1889
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-25

@. Is it true that a man is
trying to carve an Indian out
Of q mountain? c. OF.
A. Korczak Ziolkowski, a
sculptor-engineer, has been
carving a gigantic memorial
to Crazy Horse, the Indian
chief who defeated 1t. Col.
George Custer in 1876, out OF
the top Of Thunderhead
Mountain in South Dakota.
The monument, carved in the
round rather than in relief,
will be GAL feet long and 500
feet high. 1t will be a warrior
with outstretched arm,
mounted upon a horse. and
will be so huge that each Of
the horses nostrils will be
large enough TO contain q H.
room house. About 8 million
tons Of rock will have to be
removed. Mr.. Ziolkowski be-
gan the project In 1948 and
estimates that II will cost IS
million and will take 80 years
In all TO complete. Mr.. Ziol-
kowski foresees an American
Indian Center with university,
hospital. museum, and air.
field at the mountain base.
The sculptor was Gutzon
Borglum's assistant on Mount
Rushmore where Presidents
Washington. jefferson, Lin
coin, and Theodore Roosevelt
are sculptured.
@ Is the giant clam edible7
e. v.
A. Yes. The. giant claw
Tridacna gigas, OF the South
Pacific is much relished for
food. One medium 10 large
clam will provide 20 or more
pounds Of meat. The shells OF
this larges known bivalve
are often longer than 3 feet
and weight over 500 pounds.
They have been used for
baby's bathtubs and baptis-
NAL fonts.