davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Theoretical Idea

The Secretary brushed aside the
untlateral moratorium proposal as
theoretical" He said that the
United States has no plans for
testing In the atmosphere in "the
immediate future" He did, how
ever, take note Of the speculation
that the Russians may be pre-
pairing for q new series of nuclear
tests.
Why are the Russians so stub
born on test ban negotiations
Mr.. Rusk suggested two reasons
and both are probably valid: %
They are preparing for more
atmospheric testing and (2) they
DO not want TO get down to seri-
Gus negotiations before the ND
coming high-level theological talks
between Soviet and Chinese Conn
munist leaders in Moscow begin
ming July S.
The Chinese Reds repeatedly are
not far away from the capability
TO explode a crude atomic device
OF their own. Any agreement with
the West by the Russians for out
having nuclear explosions could
provoke new and more bitter
Chinese charges that the Rus
slams are soft" toward capitalism.
A unilateral moratorium : 10
mold until the Russians test again
may be the only move open 10
the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02

growing strength and confidence,
can one expect to see the develop
ment of a political and military
balance to Red China in Asia.
What is more, successful, ex-
banding India demonstrates that
democracy is more than an un-
practical Western political lux
ury; 1t is a realistic, political and
economic system which actually
works and which produces results
even in under developed coun-
tries.
Indians are the first to agree
that the outlook for the success
Of their democracy would not be
so bright, had it not been for
the generous assistance from the
United States in the last is years.
So far. India has received. as
loans and grants. $50 billion in
economic aid. Approximately, IS
per cent of this was in the form
Of surplus commodities - wheat,
cotton and corn.
The bulk of the Indian national
income is produced in the pri-
vate sector, and that, too, by the
small peasant and the trader.
Since 1858, Indian national
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02

trality would come to troubled
Laos II the Soviet Union put its
full weight and support behind
the 1862 Geneva accord on the
small Asian kingdom.
Fourteen nations signed the
pact setting up a coalition regime
Of neutralists, Rightists and pro-
Communists in Laos. Great Brit
ain and the USSR acted as CO.
chairman Of the conference,
which also established an Inter-
national Control Commission,
composed Of India, Canada and
Poland, to see to it that the ac-
cord was implemented.
When the fragile peace was
broken last month by pro-Com-
munist Pathet Lao attacks on
neutralist positions in the Plain
of Jars, the ICC sought to in
vestigate despite the opposition of
the Polish member. An ICC hell
copter carrying Indian and Cana
dian officials was fired upon by
Pathet Lao forces. Prospects for
peace and neutrality" looked
bleak, indeed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Latest Move

The latest diplomatic develop
ment failed TO resolve the mat
ter. On Wednesday, the Soviet
Union Joined Great Britain in a
plea TO each Of the three coalition
parties TO bring about peace
-. and strict neutrality" in Laos.
The co-chairmen OF the Geneva
pact also asked that the Control
Commission be supported and
suggested that Prince Souvanna
Phouma cali at a meeting Of the
neutralists, Rightists and Pathet
Lao without delay" at a place Of
his choosing.
But there was nothing In the
message which indicated that the
Soviet Union had backed away
from its "unanimity" stand. In
deed, on Friday, Moscow again
demanded that the ice take no
action unless all three Of It's MEM
bers agree.
This made the peace picture
even darker. Then, in a matter Of
hours. new fighting began on the
Plain Of Jars. According 10 Prince
Souvanna Phouma's office, "for-
eign troops" led violent Pathet Lao
attacks on the neutralists, firing
at least 1000 artillery shells in
one period.
The foreign troops" presum-
ably we're North Wet Namese. The
fact that they are participating in
the front ranks. without any ef-
fort 10 disguise their involvement,
is cause for concern that the Com
munists have rejected once and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
THE FOREIGN SCENE

Continued From Page d.
rule. At any rate, some observers
believe that he has, in the cir
cumstances that prevail, sought
too much in seeking q ban on all
nuclear testing - atmospheric,
space, underground and under
water.
The point was illustrated last
Monday when "a United States
Senators signed q resolution call
ing for an effort to reach an
agreement with the Soviet Union
on q treaty which would outlaw
only atmospheric Gin which the
radioactive fallout danger is
greates0 and underwater tests. If
the Russians reject the proposal,
the resolution added, then the
United States should declare a
unilateral moratorium and not
test again unless the Russians do.
The action was particularly in
teresting because 1t was led by
two Democratic Senator's - Dodd
Of Connecticut and Humphrey of
ADMINISTRATIVE have not seen
eye-to-eye on the administrations
test ban views.
Anticipating comment that both
Mr.. Eisenhower and Mr.. Kennedy
had tried to get the Soviet to sign
a limited test ban treaty, Senator
Dodd declared that neither of
the Presidents really pressed the
proposal with any vigor.
Mr.. Kennedy has not publicly
reacted to the Dodd-H Humphrey
proposal. but Secretary of State
Rusk dampened 1t with cold water
at his news conference on
Wednesday. He said he had
preached the idea Of a ban on
atmospheric testing with Soviet
Ambassador Dobyrnin on May is.
but found no sign that the Soviet
Union was prepared to accept 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Why Negro Crisis Arises Now

considered docile and tractable,
harbored suppressed resentments
that broke easily out into the
open. Further delays will make
the explosion more severe.
Nor viii time alone make the
prejudiced whites more yielding.
The nine years since the Supreme
Court decision have not softened
the determination Of the white
supremacists 10 resist. A decade
ago they were in full retreat. The
war had discredited racism and
the Dixiecrat fiasco showed the
strength Of moderate southerners.
When the Armed Forces were
integrated by a stroke OF the
presidents pen there was hardly
a murmur OF protest: and the
decision Of the Supreme Court in
1854 aroused no immediate re-
sistance movement.
The intervening years. however.
offered the racists an opportunity
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
U. S. Blamed

The Russians, while asserting
their desire to see peace restored
to q neutral Laos, backed the
Polish ICC members charge that
the United States was guilty Of
stirring UP trouble by sending
arms to one Of the political
parties" there.
Furthermore, they charged that
the visit Of the Indian and
Canadian ICC members to the
Plain Of Jars was ain contempt
Of the Geneva agreements" which.
the Russians contend, calls for
"unanimity," both In the Control
Commission and among the three
parties to the coalition govern
ment.
The United States takes the
position that Prince Souvanna
Phouma, as Premier. represents
the coalition government. Add
tionally. 1t holds that the Geneva
accord plainly states that on mat
tiers of investigating violations to
the accord a majority vote within
the ice is sufficient.
1t is precisely this dispute over
"unanimity" which hinders q real
agreement on Laos.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Continued From Page d.

continued From Page Del
Vestiges Of prejudice that no long
er have a place in the modern
world.
Increasingly. therefore, the Ne
gro voices the demand for full
equality through the courts. the
ballot box. sit-ins and parades.
Fortunately, thus far, he has not
resorted TO violence. But II would
be a mistake TO assume that there
Is no limit 10 his patience. He now
wishes the government not only TO
cease to discriminate but also 10
take positive steps 10 compensate
for the deficiencies OF the past.
The world situation makes these
claims more strident. Our states
men, In the conformation with
the Communists. argue the vir-
tues OF freedom: the Negro asks
why full freedom should not also
extend 10 him. The colored men
Of the new independent states Of
Africa are treated with the
dignity OF equals. The black
Americans in Alabama and Missis-
sippi insist on the same treat
ment.
Most important OF all, in the
suddenly shrinking world In which
We now live. racial divisions are
totally anachronistic. There are
dangers enough 10 our institu-
tons and ideals from external
forces. We cannot afford divisions
from within that prevent us from
acting united as Americans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Carrying the Ball

Recently he was selected 10 car
~ the ball, on the military side.
for project dear to the heart Of
President Kennedy and highly
important 10 the prestige Of the
administration. This Is the Ken
nedy proposal for q multilateral
nuclear force (MLF) within
NATO. a force which would be
composed Of rs merchant-type
ships. manned by mixed crews
from participating nations and
armed with a total OF 200 Polaris
ballistic missiles.
The Admiral has one success
ful mission 10 his credit on his
additional-duty Job. He Travelled
10 West Germany where he con-
vinced that country's naval chiefs
Of the feasibility Of the MILF
plan. And the Germans, who have
had some experience with sub
marines, were not easy to con-
vince on the surface-ship appli-
cation.
But now come his most diff
cult assignment. He will 90 TO
London this week 10 answer
tough nuts and bolts" questions
being posed by skeptical British
Navy men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02

or to provide escort vessels for the
missile carriers.
There are questions, too, Of
communications systems. the feas-
Utility Of mixed-manning port ia
cilities and the like which bother
the cost-conscious British. The
Admiral win try to answer them.
There is no Understanding
the Importance of the Ricketts,
visit by Washington officials. The
success Of the entire MILF plan
could largely rest on how well he
does his job. on how sharply his
powers Of persuasion are honed.
This is because 1t is widely felt
that without British cooperation
the MILF concept may never be-
come reality. The United States
does not want the multilateral
force to be. in effect. a bilateral
force Of West German and Amer
lean contributions. A fully partic-
ipating Great Britain could guar
antee the creation Of q true MILF.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02

native to specific regions of In
dia: Indeed, the boundary lines Of
India's states are fixed mainly by
the distribution of midas Ian
guages.
Thus, Tamil is the language Of
Madras State: Perhaps 80 million
people in India speak it. In Ke-
rala the language is Malayalam;
In Maharastra. Marathi; in Oris-
sa. Oriya; in West Bengal, Ben
gall. Tonight in Madras you
could 60 to one Of half-a-dozen
movies in Tamil; in the Punjab
In April the Governor awarded a
seropa, or ceremonial robe, to a
distinguished Sikh historian for
his works in Punjabi. The re-
gional languages are taught in
school, spoken in temple and ba-
Ear, painted on shop signs, print
ed in newspapers; they are as
basic to India as French, Ger
man and Spanish are TO Europe.
But to free India the lamen-
table fact is that no single Indian
language dominates: No one pre-
walls all over India or links the
States and territories as English
links the United States. And this,
of course. is the heart Of the mat
ter: India yearns for a national
language.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02

income has increased by AZ per
cent, with food grain production
up by so per cent. In 1947, 100
million cases of malaria developed
annually. Now this disease has
nearly vanished. Life expectancy
now is AZ years as against ~ in
1947. Before independence, only 10
per cent were hterate. Now nearly
80 per cent of all children under
IL go to school. Indian industrial
production is expanding by 10 per
cent annually - one of the high
est rates in the world.
India has freedom Of speech,
freedom Of religion, freedom of
the press. And 1t has gone through
three general elections. based on
adult franchise and secret ballot,
involving, as last year, an cleo
torate of 210 million people.
Mr.. Nehru's policy of mon
alignment" in international af-
fairs has been the biggest cause
of misunderstanding in the United
States. Several times have the
Americans felt that this policy
erred quite often on the side of
the Communist bloc. In India It
self, a bitter controversy Is now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
The Veto Question

It has been reported unofficially
that the United States and West
Germany would each pay for
about 40 per cent Of the cost Of
the Polaris surface force (esti-
mated at IS billion over q 40
year period. with Great Britain
asked to contribute 10 per cent
and the remainder to be borne by
Italy. Greece. Turkey and those
Benelux countries interested. Pres
ident de Gaulle has made 1t clear
that France is not interested.
Under current American West
German understanding any one
Of the participating nations could
exercise q veto over the use Of the
MILF. This means, Of course, that
the Polaris missiles could not be
fired for Europe's defense unless
the United States agreed.
The West Germans are not hap
py over the veto-idea, but have
gone along with 1t to get the
force underway. II possible. They
have declared that they would like
10 see the veto dropped eventually
In favor Of q majority (perhaps
weighted vote.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
The German View

The Germans, who have doubts
about the Kennedy McNamata
strategy Of using only convention
al forces In the first phase Of any
Soviet attack on Western Europe,
believe that the United States veto
over the MILF gives an appar-
ent validity. whether correctly or
not. TO the French contention that
II Is not safe 10 assume that the
United States will always be VIII
Ing to use atomic weapons 10 de-
fend Western Europe. ''l
president Kennedy met with
French Foreign Minister couve de
Murville In the White House q
week ago yesterday and discussed
NATo nuclear problems. while
the discussion was cordial, neither
the American or French position
shifted an iota) 500
The Kennedy administration,
fully aware Of the all-but-impos-
sible task OF persuading Congress
~ TINS stage 70 provide nuclear
warheads for a force which the
United States could not control,
contends that. as the primary nu-
clear power In NATo. II should
have the right 10 exercise q veto
over the Use OF the MILF. or'
On the other hand, some Amer
lean officials view the MILF rs an
interim organization which could,
II Western European political
unity Is achieved, lead 10 an In
dependent European force, but
one. hopefully. which would still
be tied closely 10 our own ma
tional arsenal. Meanwhile. the
MILF would promote greater Euro
pean participation IN atomic plane
ming, strategy and operations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
NATO Arms:
Key Mission

British American talks on
creation Of q muItllateral nu-
clear force within NAT0 are to
begin In London on Tuesday, II
was announced last week.
Admiral Claude ". Ricketts,.
USN. is a quiet-spoken. scholarly
man who. try as he might, has
been unable TO keep his light hid
den under q bushel.
Within a i0-month period in
1861. he vaulted from rear adj
miral (two stars) to admiral
flour stars) and his present post
as Vice Chief Of Naval Operations.
Much Of the burden Of running
the Navy has fallen TO this top
strategic planner because the
Chief Of Naval Operations must
devote a good deal Of his time to
pressing problems at the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff level.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Chinese Role

While it is easy to Jump to the
conclusion that the Soviet has
lost control of the situation and
therefore must go along with the
more aggressive approach Of the
Red Chinese and North Wet Nam
csc, this may not be the correct
appraisal at all. 1t may just be
that the Russians. Chinese and
North Wet Namese are simply
joining up to further international
communism's basic goal Of world
domination-doing 1t in this case
by an effort to liquidate Western
influence in Southeast Asia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Laos:
New Violence

The Soviet Union on wednes-
day Joined Great Britain In an
appeal for cease-fire and strict
neutrality In Laos, but yesterday
the pro-Communist Pathet Lao
again attacked neutralist po-
sitions.
There Is q considerable body Of
opinion In Warrington that the
twin blessings OF peace and neu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
English: Unifyins Language

Ironically, the one language
which comes closest to unifying
India is English. This foreign
tongue imposed during 200 years
Of the British raj and spoken
often brilliantly by Indians is In
dia's nearest approach to a lin
qua franco. Perhaps is million
Indians, most Of whom are edu-
Gated, use it: Last month In Ke-
rala State. for example, this writer
talked in English with the corre-
spondent Of the Times Of India,
the manager of the Malabar Ho-
tel, the Secretary of the Port at
Cochin, and a Kathak classical
dancer. Even the taxiwalla at the
railway station in Cochin spoke
English: He said -Four rupees"
(The fixed fare to the hotel is
three rupees.)
Yet English is a foreign tongue,
not an Indian. Nothing has con-
tributed more to the promotion
Of unity in India than the study
OF English language. literature
and history" declares a writer in
The Hindu Of Madras-and In
dia will agree. But India also will
agree with Prime Minister Nehru,
himself an artisan in English, who
said recently in Parliament, Eng
fish cannot be, we must admit, a
language that rouses the under
standing and emotions Of the COM
mon people of India"
Here, then. are the curdling in
gradients Of midas language
problem: A big country of $50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
BY JOHN E. FRAZER
Contributing Writer

NEW DELHI.-The Rajya Sab
.ha, midas upper House of Parli-
ament, on May Z passed the new
Official Languages Act" and the
legislation now has gone to the
President Of India for his assent.
A highlight of the balloting. how
ever, was the angry reaction Of
some opposition members who.
crying "Shamel Shamel" Tin Hin
di, stalked out of Parliament in
protest.
Earlier in the session, a saffron
robed member Of the Lok Sabha.
the lower House, one Swami Ra-
,meshwaranand, took even more
drastic action. Into the Central
: Hall Of Parliament he brought
holy vessels, a tumbler of sacred
water and sticks of sandalwood,
and announced that he would per-
form the Hindu rite of "havan,"
or penance, and burn a copy Of
the offending measure in the puri-
flying fire.
What is 1t that so enrages OBJ
jectors to the new Act2 Simply
this: The Official Languages Act
provides that English may" con-
tinue to be used after 1865 for
all official purposes of the Indian
Union and for the transaction of
business in Parliament. This is
anathema to patriots who cham
pion Hindi. and Hindi alone, as
midas official language. They
demand the use Of Hindi now:
they are incensed that English, a
foreign language. is used officially
at all In India.
Actually. midas language prob
! lem is far too complex for easy
remedies. Language differences
vex the best minds of the land,
pit North India against South
India, hamper trade, and BATTLE
educators. Only time and horse
sense. 1t seems abundantly clear,
can reconcile what now is woefully
trreconcilable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
They Soy -

Near the end OF his aaron
Burr's) life q lady said 10 him:
Colonel. I wonder II you we're
the gay Lothario they say you
we're" The old man turned his
eyes. the luster still undiminished.
toward the lady and, lifting a
trembling finger, said In his quiet
impressive Whisper: They say.
they say. they say. An, my child
how long are you going 10 con-
tinue 10 use those dreadful words2
Those two little words have done
more harm than all others. Never
use them, my dear. never use
them."-William Carlos williams
In The American Grain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
In Many Tongues

The problem itself is simply
stated: India speaks an incredible
s45 languages and dialects. About
$50 Of these, it is true, are tongues
Of sparse tribes and castles, many
Of whom are relics Of ancient
migrations. Another SO languages
have adherents Of 100000 and up
wards to two or three million:
these include the tribal Santhalis,
the Gonds. and the Bills.
But IA are major languages
listed in the Eighth Schedule Of
the Constitution Of India: ASA
mese. Bengal. Gujarati. Hindi,
Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam,
Marathi, Oriya. Punjabi. Sanskrit.
Tamil, Telegu. and Urdu. All IA
Except the classical Sanskrit) are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02
Visit Of midas President This Week
Points Out Differences With u. S.

raging, mainly because Of the Pc
king aggression, whether. the Gov
eminent should continue to stick
to it. The opposition parties, ex-
cept, Of course, the Communists,
want India to align itself openly
with the West, now that the So
Wet Union is not giving military
aid beyond the MIG factory con-
tracted for and the Soviet news
paper, Pravda, has spoken Of FRA
ternal China" and only friendly
India"
aH
On Alignment
For the Nehru Government,
unemployment is partly philo-
sophical and partly practical in
the sense that India does not de-
sire the Importation of a cold war
atmosphere In this area. This does
not mean that India has no ideas
or views or that India Is neutral.
Last year. India voted "a times
with the United States in the
United Nations and only 13e
times with the Soviet Union and
against the United States. rs
Indians now realize that Com
munist China poses the biggest
threat to them, both immediate
and long-term. This menace, MIR,
Nehru has repeatedly reminded
them, might last up to 20 years.
On midas ability to face Red
China adequately viii depend the
future independence Of many of
the nations In Southeast Asia.
Partly due to geographical posi-
ton and historical accident and
partly because of the mere fact
OF It's huge population. India has,
inevitably, an important role to
play In this region. When q big
country like India is hit and goes
under to the Chinese, the people
Of Southeast Asia would think
many times before they even tried
to stand UP to Red China.
midas task would, admittedly,
be much easier II an understand
ing is reached with Pakistan. After
the failure of the Ministerial
level talks. there is talk Of q
mediator. Pakistan holds that q
solution Of the Kashmir problem
must be found first while India
insists that all problems between
the two countries should be tack
led in one assault in the interests
OF peace and stability Of the sub
continent. Despite the tension, In
dia has taken the unilateral step
Of withdrawing Of some Of its
forces from the Pakistan border
to meet the Peking threat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-02

for all the idea Of q truly inde-
pendent and neutral Laos.
Even more ominous, persistent
reports were received by the ICC
last week that Chinese Red troops
have crossed over into northern
Laos. The Indian and Canadian
members Of the ICC want to in
vestigate, but the Polish member
refuses and the Pathet Lao, Of
course, have shown no inclination
to permit it.