davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Dumping Mr.. Tobriner

There is no secret about Walter To-
briner's disappointment at the frustra-
lions he has encountered as a District
Commissioner. Nor, for a fact, has he
tried to stir up support for his reap
pointment to another term. Obviously,
however, there are deeper reasons for
the unseemly haste of the District Dem
ocratic Central Committee to depict Mr..
TobrinerS retirement from the District
Building next March as a foregone
conclusion.
Asked about 1t the other day, Mr..
Tobriner commented: There is only one
person 1.-THE President with whom I can
properly discuss my inclination or dis
inclination to serve another term" This,
to say the least, hardly sounds like the
statement Of a man who, in the words
Of the Democratic Central Committee
resolution, has made "clear and ire
vocable" decision.
The fact is that Mr.. Tobriner, who
was the darling Of the committee before
his appointment three years ago, has
not proved to be liberal" enough to suit
its leaders. They consider he has moved
too slowly, for example, in the approval
of an Understandable housing ordi-
nance. And he has committed the card
inal sin Of ignoring some OF their
recommendation for appointments.
On the other hand their own cam
didates for Commissioner, Tilford E.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
BIockmoiI and Mr.. Ayub

PakiStan's attitude toward India in
wolves deep emotions and understand
able suspicious. But that hardly juStifieS
the way President Ayub'S government
has reacted to the American aid being
extended to Prime Minister Nehru and
the Indian people to help arm them
against the threat of Chinese Commu-
mist aggression.
Mr.. Ayub and the PakiStani press
which has come under severe new gov
ernmental pressure and controls that
make its objectivity dubiouS-have been
less than just to the United States in
what they have said about its efforts to
bolster New Delhi against Peking. In
deed, PakiStan'S policy in recent weeks
has become kind Of blaCkmail-a policy
calculated to make our country worry
about the possibility Of an alliance of
sorts between Ayub'S regime and Peking.
Thus the PackiStaniS have recently
worked out a number Of agreements
with Peking on trade, frontier defini-
tionS and air travel-the latter an I'M
Outstanding under which Chinese Com
muniSt planes will be able to land on an
airport being built with American
money. President Ayub and his govern
ment thus seem to have deliberately
undertaken to irritate the United States
in retaliation for the help being extend
ed to India-deSpite our country'S guar
antees that such help will not hurt them
and that PakiStan can count on us for
aid against attack from any quarter,
India included.
These are political ShenaniganS Of
a senSeleSs sort, and they come as a
shock from a man as attractive and in
telligent as Mr.. Ayub. His country is
our ally, key partner in the SEATO
and CENTO alliances, and he himself, in
an address to Joint session of our Con-
gresS not long ago, pledged that Pakis-
tan would adhere faithfully to those al
liances and keep on fighting against the
menace Of communism.
But what have we now? Despite
UnderSecretary Of State Balls visit last
week with Mr.. Ayub, PakiStan-which
has received upward of SO billion in eco
nomic and military help from America
continues its filtration with Red
China, and some Karachi officials
openly predict that 1t may quit CENTO
and SEATO. Small wonder that the
foreign aid program is having a hard
time Of 1t in Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12

Dudley and Mrs. Polly shackleton, are
known mainly for their dedicated toll
in the vineyards of the local party.
We have nothing to say against
either Of them. But Mr.. Tobriner already
has proved to be an exceedingly able
Commissioner, and we think he should
be reappointed. If, indeed, Mr.. Tobriner
is now reluctant to consider another
term, the best interests Of the city will
be served If he is persuaded by the
President to change his mind.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Support the President

President Kennedy has sent
Strongly-Worded letter to the Senate
which he hopes will smooth the path
for ratification of the test ban treaty.
It should help. But when the final
word has been written and the last
speech made, there doubtless will re-
main a sincere doubt in the minds of
some, though apparently not many,
Senators.
To these, one thought should COM
mend itself. The Senate's role in the
treaty-making process is not to be be-
Titled. A Senator should explore all
the implications Of any treaty and If,
in the end, he finds himself definitely
opposed he should vote against it, But
If the testimony and the arguments pro
and con leave him with nothing more
than doubt in his mind, that doubt
should be resolved in favor Of ratifi-
cation.
This is so because the President
has primary responsibility in making
treaties. He also has the fullest access
to the relevant ormation-military
political, economic or whatever. There
is also the fact that any President,
once he submits a treaty to the Senate,
puts his prestige on the line. This is
true even If nothing more than, say,
fishing rights are involved. 1t is in
finitely more true when the subject
matter of the treaty conceivably deals
with the ingredients of the difference
between war and peace.
This latter surely is true Of the
proposed test ban treaty. For the Senate
to reject 1t would be to deal a shat
tering blow to the Presidents stature
throughout the world. A rejection could
also strike a fatal blow at the hopes
for peace. These are very large con-
Siderations. And when placed in the
balance against mere doubts, they
should tip the scales in the Presidents
favor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Leap in the Dark

For years, Senator Byrd has held
picnic in one Of his Virginia apple
orchards for his friends and constitu-
ents. This year was no exception.
In speech prepared and released
for the occasion, the Virginia Senator
poked little fun-and ridicule-at
efforts by the Department of Agricul-
ture to control or eradicate the gypsy
moth. The Senator suggested that
this was another Federal boondoggle,
dreamed up by some bureaucrat to
waste the taxpayers money.
He couldn't have been farther from
the mark If he had leaped without
looking which, in fact, is quite prob
ably what he had done. The real story
OF the gypsy moth, as related in letter
elsewhere on this page, is fascinating
one.
Seventy years ago these creatures
were threatening to defoliate the trees
In New England. And, Of all things,
they preferred apple leaves. But the
Department Of Agriculture met the
challenge. In cooperation with local
authorities the gypsy moth was brought
under control by batting traps for the
males with an extract from captured
females. This program alone cost the
Federal Government about $4,000 a
year. But it saved millions of acres of
hardwood trees. And the cost now has
been brought down to a pittance. A
synthetic lure has been developed which
costs about $40 pound, and with which
1t would be possible to bait 100000 traps
per year for 800 years.
One would think that such pro-
gram might commend itself to an
economy minded Senator-eSpecially a
Senator whose sideline is raising apples
Perhaps this is why Senator Byrd, in
his delivered speech as distinguished
from his prepared speech, didn't men
ton the gypsy moth. Possibly 1t &C.
CURED to him that he might not be
standing under those leafy apple trees
had it not been for the Department of
Agriculture and its gypsy moth program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Puzzled by Kraft

I have been left more
puzzled than informed by
the observation of Joseph
Kraft that American CORE
spondents in Saigon have
little confidence in the Diem
government because, among
other things, 1t is "a minori-
ty regime, Catholic In a
Buddhist country. and trans
planted from the north" Mr..
Kraft further urges us to
ponder the misgivingS of
these same correspondents
in the matter of the "politi-
cal Vaccinations" of the
ruling family, and particu-
larry the use of the police
power by the Presidents
brother.
Without wishing to go into
the equities of the situation
in South Viet-Nam, I am
left wondering whether Mr..
Kraft, in the emphasis which
he attaches to these other
wise quite irrelevant points,
may be craftily suggesting
that they have some solemn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS
A House Divided Against Itself. .
By RALPH McGHL

delay, defy and disclain, then
our cities will reap a harvest
that will be both harsh and
unnecessary?
Lincoln, plagued by internal
problems caused by the need
to see the country's tradi-
tions from a new angle. spoke
Of this in 1858 at the Repub-
lican Party State convention
at Springfield, nj.
IF we could first know
where we are, and whittier we
are tending, we could far bet
ter Judge what to do and how
to do it. Agitation not
only has not ceased, but has
constantly augmented. In my
opinion it will not cease I'M
til a crisis shall have been
reached and passed. . A
house divided against itself
cannot stand I do not
expect the Union to be dis
solved. I do not expect the
house to fall but I do
expect it will cease to be di-
vided E. E"
Surely by now we know
where we are, and whittier we
are tending. A crisis has
been reached. 1t is passing
but slower than needs
be. The house is still in con-
siderable measure divided.
But 1t will not fall. The
granting Of uniform citizen
ship rights will make it less
divided.
Fears Are Familiar
The fears advanced as rea-
sons why two and two should
make five are familiar. The
race will be mongreliZed &.
this is the most familiar.
1--WE have had laws. Let us
look about u.s. The private
sector Of ones life, the choice
OF friends or associates, the
guests one has-all this will
depend, as now, on the indi-
vidual choice and decision
and not on law.
What we are faced with is a
fact - II Americanism does
not mean the same thing for
each citizen-in his share of
it-then surely 1t will not en-
dure as the property Of a
privileged group.
We are increasingly an ur-
ban nation, a nation Of cities.
Those who govern our cities
and serve In the chambers Of
commerce, those who pro-
vide the cultural life, the edu-
cation, and the economic
base OF our cities. whatever
their reasons not to act, can
not avoid the sum OF two and
two.
Gan Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Mason on Education

The columns you publish,
like those Of any newspaper,
are generally harmless at
their worst. But one of your
syndicated features-Dr. Ma
son on Education-prompts
me to register a protest and
to offer a warning to parents
and students who may take
its advice seriously.
One can overlook DR.. Ma
sons glibness. One can even
ignore his unverified faith in
willpower as an antidote to
lack of motivation. But 1t is
impossible to forgive his dis
torted view of education;
good grades and the acquisi-
ton Of skills are neither the
end-goals nor the immediate
purpose Of a decent educa-
ton.
Although at times 1t may
not seem true, we already
have produced a surplus Of
students with adequate
grades and skillS. What we
lack is individuals who recog-
nize education as a continu-
ing, limitless, and inherent
part Of life itself.
DR.. Nason'S emphasis can
only perpetuate the common
myth: that the educational
process is simply a matter
Of gathering credentials. Need
we wonder, then, when our
embarrassing that the Gre
dentialS rarely buy" a salts
factory life-rebel, drop out
of school, or listlesSly follow
the path of least resistance?
Why should the press en-
courage the dissemination Of
a point of view. masquerade
ing as expert opinion, that
has been rejected by a vast
majority of those who are
currently attempting to re-
form the schools?
Alex Rode.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Harnesses Away

A letter from Edward
Shaner urges citizens of
Montgomery County to re-
frain from harassing the
august Board of Education
on the grounds that there is
nothing that the citizens can
do regarding the sadly depict
ed school budget.
I should like to refer both
Mr.. Shaner and the Board
Of Education Of Montgomery
County to a document written
in l776 and titled The Dec
laration of independence"
jefferson based this declara-
ton on the assumption that
when government ceased to
represent the sentiments of
the people it should be over
ILlIOWIl.
Granted that revolt against
either the County Council or
the Board of Education is re-
mote, there is no sound or
logical reason why these bod
les should be exempted from
public harassment or criti-
ciSm.
AS long as politics plays the
dominant role in the selection
of these bodies and IN their
daily functioning then public
haraSsment is justified and in
the present situation such
harassment is just what the
doctor ordered.
Philip Freedenberg
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Outlook for NATO Chonqinq
Foreign Correspondent Of The 81

de Gaulle, the development
over American protests Of an
independent French nuclear
deterrent, the increasing
trade competition Of the
Common Market or the trend
of Europe toward q neutral
list position in the cold war
struggle.
To these factors is added
the almost universal impress
sion that a new phase in
East West relations Is about
to begin.
Whatever skepticism there
may be about the concrete re-
suits OF negotiations with the
Russians on various problems.
there is little doubt that ne
gotiations are in the works.
While talking goes on, the
cold war detente is likely to
continue. And whatever the
result may be the main cen
tiers of conflict are no longer
in Western Europe.
Reassessing NATO's Value
What it adds up to is q
thoroughgoing reasSesSment
of the value Of the NATO
Alliance, both as q military
organization and as a po-
litical apparatus.
The reassessment is being
made by Europeans as well
as Americans with remark
able equanimity on both
sides. If Americans can con-
template calmly the with
drawal of France from the
alliance, most Europeans for
their part are not unduly
disturbed over the possibility
that a considerable number
Of American troops might be
withdrawn from Europe in
the months to come.
This does not mean that
NATO is about to fall apart.
AS Gen. de Gaulle once
remarked: Alliances are like
young girls-they last while
they last"
No one at this point is
likely to argue that the or
ganization has entirely out
lived its usefulness.
But if the American COM
mitment to European Sc
curly is still essential and
desired, the outward and Wis
ible signs of this commit
ment are becoming a good
deal less so.
The premises on which
NATO was founded Is years
ago have changed radically
with the evolution Of Europe
in recent months. And a Sc
rious rethinking Of the pur-
pose and validity Of the
alliance is already under
way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Philip Freedenberg
Inteqroted HOUSING

Aaron BernStein'S action
in opening his eight apart
ment buildings in Arlington
to all qualified tenants, re-
CARELESS of race, increases
my hope that Northern Vir-
ginia may yet become a
working example Of the
ideals of our American
democracy.
Surely in these Northern
Virginia communities which
so often pride themselves on
the intelligence and decency
of their citizens, we are
ready to judge each neigh
Dor on his merits and not
by his skin color. No one is
asking the apartment own
erS to lower their require
mentS of good character
and ability to pay the rent,
but simply no longer to bar
people because of the ir-
relevant factor of race.
I hope that other North
ern Virginia landlords will
follow the commendable ex-
ampleS of Mr.. Bernstein,
Metropolitan Life Insurance
Co. (owner of Parkfairfax) =,
and the owner of Presiden-
tial Gardens, by beginning
a program Of desegregation
without the publicity and
attendant ill-will that inte-
grafton drives sometimes
bring.
Marina T. ThowVaaam
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Norma L. Chapman,

Of an infestation before 1t
can enlarge or spread. Con-
troll measures need be applied
only to those areas where the
insect is found and only as
long as 1t continues to be
present. In this manner con-
siderable economies may be
effected and needless broad
casting Of toxic materials
avoided.
Although the lure is a
practical necessity in the
State Federal gypsy moth
program. the collection, clip
ping, and processing Of suf-
ficient numbers OF females
needed to bait the thousands
OF survey traps required each
year was both time-consum-
ing and costly: the average
annual cost Of this undertake
ing alone to the Federal Gov
eminent was approximately
$4,000. investigations were
therefore begun by the De-
partment of Agriculture TO
isolate and identify the at
tractant with a view toward
its possible synthesis. This
was accomplished in 1860 hf-
ter painstaking effort and
resulted in the development,
the following year, Of q syn
thetic attractant whose Use
has completely supplanted
the natural extract. If used
for gypsy moth survey alone.
one pound OF this synthetic,
prepared for approximately
$40, is sufficient to bait l00,-
900 traps per year for 300
years. Attempts are being
made to utilize this readily
available attractant for gypsy
moth eradication.
Stanley A. Hall,
Chief, Pesticide Chemicals
Research Branch, USDA,
Beltsville, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Lookout, Senator, Here's That Gypsy Moth Again.!

The Sunday Star quoted
Senator Byrd Of Virginia as
saying las for us farmers.
let's not overlook the fact
that two Agriculture Depart
ment chemists recently re-
ported discovering that a
male gypsy moth on the wing
can spot the presence Of a
receptive, grounded, female
gypsy moth as far as a quar-
ter OF a mile away-down-
wind" Since the chemists
referred to work under my
direction, l feel compelled to
make known the facts lead
ing to and resulting from this
investigation.
The gypsy moth (Por-
thetria dispar) was first in
troduced into America in 1869
by a French mathematician.
who conceived the idea OF
crossing 1t with the silkworm
moth to breed a hardy race
of silk-producing insects. In
the course of his experiments
some of the eggs were lost by
accident, or possibly some OF
the caterpillars escaped. He
appreciated the danger and
made public an announce
ment OF the accident. The
moths which were now free
multiplied at a prodigious
rate, but 1t was not until 1889
that the true seriousness Of
his accident was brought
home TO the public. The de-
scendants OF these moths
then existed in such numbers
that they defoliated fruit.
shade, and woodland trees
throughout New England. OF
the fruit trees attacked by
the gypsy moth larvae, apples
suffer most seriously.
The State Of Massachusetts,
in which the infestation had
originally begun, suffered
most, but II tackled the prob
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12

See Editorial, "Lsop in the Dark"
lem energetically, and be-
tween 1890 and 1900 this
State single handed, prac-
tically exterminated the gypsy
moth by control spraying.
BY 1900 the pest had been so
reduced In numbers in
Massachusetts that its raw
ages were no longer apparent,
and then, owing to public
apathy and reluctance to
spend money, the work was
discontinued for five or six
years. This gave the gypsy
moth its great chance and by
1905 the situation was so bad
that an extensive campaign
against 1t, with Federal help.
was initiated. The average
annual cost of controlling the
pest since 1906 has been sew
eral million dollars, but this
has prevented its spread over
millions of acres OF hard
wood forests from northern
Maine TO the Ozark Noun
tains.
This control Is due in TO
small measure TO the sex at
tractant produced by the
adult female gypsy moth to
lure the male for mating. It
was found In 1918 that a ben
zene extract OF the abdominal
tips Of unfertilized females,
when placed In field traps,
would attract the males in the
same way as the virgin se-
male, but 1t was not until
l94l that use was made Of
such an extract on a large
scale for the detection and
estimation Of gypsy moth pop
ulations. The male, in re-
spending to a trap baited with
the specific lure. is caught
and thereby signals its pres
ence, assuring early detection
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry t1riterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd =
ton. Those not used WiH be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE


q. How long did Felix
Frankfurter serve on the
United States Supreme Court?
&C. c.
A. Mr.. Frankfurter was a
justice Of the United States
Supreme Court for almost "a
years. He was nominated to
the court by President
Franklin d. Roosevelt on
January 5. 1889 and took the
oath Of office on January 30
OF that year. He retired on
August 20, 1862.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-12

OoAAANSA OOAAAAoOAAg WIN AAAN
a tart tongue, once said to an
argumentative friend: Your
giving a reason for it will
not make 1t right You
may have a reason why two
and two should make five but
they will still make four"
In the wake of the march
in Washington, participated
in by colored and white citi-
zens. representatives Of the
Christian and Jewish faiths.
it is possible that at least
some Of those who have been
giving reasons why the Ma
ton cannot now move to es-
tablish uniform citizenship
are now ready to consider
that the reasons are not right
that two and two make
four.
The United States has be-
come a nation Of cities. There
is hardly a city in this coun-
try that does not have a sub
stantial population Of those
who have been denied equal
citizenship. MeXicans are in
volved in areas along the bor-
der of the Nation to the
south Of us. In some few cities
1t may be Orientals. But, in
the main. the great power
magnet Of industrialization
has drawn Negroes land a
substantial number of white
persons) from the Southeast
ern region to all the cities of
the country where industry
has created Jobs. A grievous
number Of these are not we'll
educated and do not have
skills.
Must Face Problems
Since a substantial per-
centage Of each American
city has such a problem
(which will increase) the
bleak, familiar fact Of two
and two making four should
by now become plain. II our
growing cities are to progress,
find stability Of business and
government, and enjoy al
least reasonable tranquility
Of life. they must face this
problem. The uneducated and
unskilled person, white or
Negro, must be given oppor-
tunity to be taught how to be
a wage-earner and a partici-
pating citizen. This is so be-
cause 1t is now bleakly clear
that the new age into which
we presently are entered is
not one in which enlarging,
fostering slums. and great
groups OF unemployed and
unemployables. will be toler-
ated.
Denial Of citizenship rights
and opportunity to use what
skills one does have because
Of race or regional traditions
does not make two and two
add UP to five. 1t still is four
Whether we like II or not,
events and change require us
TO regard the country's tradi-
tons from a new angle and
to look toward the future
with what the present has
shown us.
So, what shall we who live
In cities.-as does q vast ma
jority Of the Nations people
do with our problem2 Is 1t
not plain that II we deny and