davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Rail Decision

The arbitration board set Up by
Congress to settle the dispute between
the diesel locomotive firemen and the
railroads has made a decision which
in principle is a victory for the car
rierS. 1t supports their contention that
80 per cent of the firemen used in
freight and yard service are not needed
in other words, that the feather
bedding" complaints are true.
At the same time the arbitration
board has properly sought to soften
the impact on the 10000 firemen in
volved. OF these, about $4,000 will not
seniority they must be retained as fire
men. An additional 10,500-those whose
seniority ranges from two to 10 years
must be kept on as firemen or offered
comparable Jobs, with such things as
seniority and relocation expenses taken
care of. Only those with less than two
years of seniority-about $500 men
can be permanently laid off, and they
must be given severance pay in varying
amounts.
Thus, the principle is established.
The railroads, except in States where
local laws require 1t, will not have to
hire any more firemen for freight and
yard work. And over period Of years,
through such inevitabilities as death
and retirement, they will be relieved of
the heavy cost of paying those whose
services are not needed.
The unions have said they will
seek an early court ruling on the
validity of both the boards decision
and the law under which the board
was set up. This may be desirable,
since this is the first compulsory afbi
tration imposed by Congress in peace
time. 1t should be remembered, how
ever that the railroads repeatedly Of
ferred to submit the dispute to binding
voluntary arbitration. 1t was the unions
which baked and, through strike
threat, forced Congress to act.
Strike rumors are again being
heard, and strike could come at the
end Of the two-year period for which
the arbitration award will be in force,
or earlier over secondary issues.
1t is very difficult to believe, how
ever, that the unions will again force
Congress to act in consequence of
strike or a strike threat. For the over
riding public interest in continued
operation of the railroads must be pro-
tected, and Congress, we think, will
protect 1t. In fact, If any more legiS-
lation should be required, 1t ought to
impose binding arbitration as a last
resort in all disputes which vitality
affect the public interest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Next Stop, Paris?

Apparently after some reflection,
Chairman John Floyd Of the Montgom-
cry County Council says he intends to
bill the county for the business por-
ton" of the cost of his trip to Hawaii
to attend a meeting of the National
Alcoholic Beverage Control Association.
If so, he will be doing nothing more
than Councilman Grover Walker and
Councilwoman Kathryn DiggS, Who drew
81 900 each in expense money before
they left.
Or Montgomery County Circuit
Judge Kathryn L. Shook, who drew
81 1000 in county funds in order to make
a speech at the same convention.
The public return from Judge
Shocks expenditure is not quite clear.
But there is nothing unusual, we are
assured, about the attendance of county
council members at meetings Of the
aSsociation-whoSe members are 16
States and one county montgomery
which operate public liquor diSpensaries.
Why only last spring, Miss Diggs, Mr..
Walker and County Manager Mason
Butcher attended association sessions
in New York. And during the last few
years variety Of council members have
pulled up roots for the same purpose
to trek at public expense to such hard
ship posts as Miami, Dallas, Portland,
Ore, and San Francisco.
Montgomery taxpayers should be
immensely gratified by all this. For
county officials say they are picking up
all sorts of useful information about
how to operate a liquor business.
And besides that, as everyone
knows, travel is so broadening.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Homeless Sailor

If the story of Barnabe Garcia
Polanco'S new life in Canada is essen
TALLY correct as reported in the press,
it seems a pity that this man is to
be banished from the best life he has
known. For Mr.. Garcia's story is that
of another man without country, a
man once hero, now in jeopardy of
losing everything.
1t was Mr.. Garcia who saved
14-year-old girl, Linda Morgan, from
certain death when he found her I'M
conscious after the collision Of the SIS
Stockholm and Andrea Doria seven
years ago. A passenger on the Andria
Doria, the girl had been thrown onto
the bow of the Stockholm, on which
Mr.. Garcia was a seaman.
Four years ago the stateless Span
lard jumped ship in Montreal, and
until few weeks ago had lost himself
in a new personality He has married
a French Canadian woman, has an
infant daughter, and has worked hard
at various jobs including the reStora-
ton of religious paintings in Montreal's
Notre Dame Church.
Now the Canadian Government has
ordered his deportation for illegal entry,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Dedicated boy

On United Nations Human
Rights Day December 10),
I can think of no more ap-
propriate move the United
Nations can make, than to
dedicate this day to the late
President John F Kennedy,
and to the achievement of
the civil rights goals he had
set for us. There seldom has
been a world leader so keenly
aware Of the rights that be-
long to man by his nature,
and yet are being denied
him throughout the land
that is his. Seldom has there
been a leader so dedicated to
helping man overcome his
distorted and shortsighted
approach to the problems
involved in this area. We
have only to lock at his
Peace Corps and civil rights
programs. his medicare,
health and education aid
programs, for reinsurance on
this point.
Phelps Phelps,
Former United States Am
bassador to the Dominican
Republic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
RnDs Liberals

Columnist Max Freedman
seems surprised to learn that
the Southern feeling on the
racial issue Is one Of depth
and passion and that the
Southern people bitterly re-
sent the hypocrisy and SNUG
self-righteousness Of those
Northern liberals" who,
like himself, assume an air
Of ominiscience and infalli-
bility in dealing with the Ne
gro problem.
These So-called liberals,
like the blue-noSed prohibit
tionistS Of an earlier day.
appear strong in theory and
morality but weak in expert
ence and human understand
ing. They seem to hold the
fanatical belief that it Is
Gods will that they impose
their social reforms upon
others without regard to the
obvious consequences Of their
acts.
So long as the Supreme
Court does their bidding,
these so-called liberals hold
that the power of the court
is absolute. Were the court
to deviate they would turn
upon 1t with q wrath not
seen since the bred Scott de-
cision.
Harvey III, Hewitt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Track Program

Board Of Education mem
Der, DR.. Euphemia L. Haynes,
was quoted In The Star Of
November 81: The determin-
ism hidden in the track
program is now bringing
forth its ugly fruit" 1 fav-
ored the track program when
introduced in 1856 and I
favor 1t even more now. To
quote her further, THE track
program emphasizes diff,
ferences and provides for the
development Of q class society
rather than q democratic So
ciety." I get the impression
that she would have all
pupils move at the speed of
the Slowest rather than risk
unequal development, and so
doing there would be no
laggards and hence much
fewer drop outs"
The track program did not
develop the "class society,
as DR.. Haynes fears, because
the so-named society has al
ways been with US and too
many refuse to recognize it.
Just as she found that many
are discouraged I believe that
even more can be stimulated
and encouraged to break out
Of their track and move to
q higher one. It's a COMPETE
tive world and 1t may be wise
at an early age for the pupils
to recognize 1t now rather
than at more mature age.
Joseph Barlanstein.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Getting the Facts

without a doubt, the President
has done both the right thing and the
wise thing in naming a committee of
distinguished men to study and report
to the people on all of the facts sur
rounding the assassination of John F.
Kennedy and the subsequent murder
Of Lee Harvey Oswald.
There is no reason, as far as we
are aware, to believe that anything has
been covered up in connection with
the late Presidents death, or that the
killing of Oswald was the product Of
some kind of Communist or Castroite
conspiracy. Still, rumors are being
spread and they should be put to rest
If possible.
The membership of the committee
of inquiry, headed by the Chief Justice,
is such as to inspire confidence. We are
satisfied that all Americans will accept
the findings of these men as represent
ing the facts as far as it is humanity
possible to ascertain them. We also
welcome the decision by Senator East
land to call off the inquiry planned
by his Judiciary Committee, and we
hope that two House groups which
have been considering probes will now
follow his example.
What is needed is not a multi
plicity of Investigations, accompanied,
of course, by variety of headlines.
The need is for a competent, search
ing inquiry, and this can best be had
through the group picked by the Presi-
dent for the task.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. What is the Flinders
bar, used to correct deviation
in a ships magnetic COM
pass? Where can I find in
structions for using it?-M. C.
A. A Flinders bar is a bar
of soft unmagnetized iron
placed in a vertical position
near a ships magnetic COM
pass to counterfeit deviation
caused by magnetic induc-
ton in vertical soft iron Of
the craft. Capt. Matthew
Flinders (1774-1814), Eng
hsh navigator and explorer,
is generally credited with dis
covering both the deviattng
force and the method of adj
justment. Instructions for
use of the Flinders bar are
given at length in American
Practical Navigator Bow
ditch. published by the U.
S. Navy photographic Office
and sold by the superintend-
ent Of documents, Govern
ment Printing Office, Wash
ington IS, D. C. This book
may also be consulted at
libraries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02

and he is fighting back through an
appeal. An attorney is representing
him without charge. During his resi-
dence in Canada, Mr.. Garcia had lived
openly without attempt at concealing
his identity. Seemingly man Of gentle
instincts, he has spent much Of his
time helping young poets through a
literary publication he established.
Surely, there is a place for such
a man in the country where he has
taken root. Canada should ponder long
and well before setting him adrift.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02

I was surprised by your
November IL editorial de-
scribing the Federal pay bill
approved by the House Post
Office and Civil Service.
Committee as "a bad bill''-
particularly in view of your
earlier editorial September
26. 1852 in favor Of the
concept of compatibility
between Government and
private industry pay scales"
The measure you oppose goes
far toward carrying forward
this principle Of comparable
ity which Congress made q
matter Of public policy in en-
acting the Salary Reform
Act of 1862.
I must question both the
reasons and the data you
cite to support your view Of
H.R. 1886:
l. The cost of the legisla-
ton should not automatically
make it "a bad bill: actu-
ally, simple equity demands
that the Government fulfill
its commitment to the COM
parability principle on which
1t is founded.
2. The substantial" raises
scheduled to take effect in
January. 1864. were provided
as the second phase Of o
gradual catch-up formula in
the Salary Reform Act Of
1862: They actually average
only IL per cent, would ben
eft only those in the first
is pay grades, and would ex-
tend full compatibility only
through grade Z and only to
1861 representing about q
three-year time lag).
5. Your reference to Sub
tantial fringe benefits for
certain jobs" leaves the i'm
preston that these are
greatly to the advantage of
Federal employees compared
to those found in the private
sector. Studies we have con-
Quoted show that this is not
the case. Although Govern
ment is generally credited
with somewhat more liberal
leave policies, it does not ap-
pear to be as liberal In group
insurance policy and oppor-
tunities to acquire extra in
come such as through profit
sharing. bonuses, stock OPP
tons. etc. And Federal en-
ployes tend to pay a higher
share Of the cost Of group in
surance and retirement ben
efits.
4. Under the principle of
compatibility. pay increases
are warranted all along the
line-not just in the "sec-
ondary levels" where you
agree increases are justified
as you will see explained
below.
S. Your comparison of the
lower average pay rates OF
workers in private employ
ment with those of Federal
employees is akin to compar-
ing apples with oranges and
has no validity for proof Of
your point. The average pay
in the private sector Is
dragged down by the inclu.
sion Of a large proportion Of
unSkilled and industrial-type
positions, while the Federal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02

House committees consider
alton Of the data and pro-
posals-that produced H. r.
1886.
Our own careful analysis
Of H. r. 1886 is that Cd it
contains important reform
provisions which are clearly
consistent with the princi-
Piles of the Federal Salary
Reform Act Of 1852; CD it
reaffirms congressional sup
port for the principle that
Government pay and pay for
like jobs in the private econ
omy should be kept at COM
parable levels by periodic re-
view and appropriate statu-
tory adjustment; and CD it
achieves compatibility in the
lower career levels and moves
in the direction Of attaining
compatibility in the upper
career levels. The increase
in the rates for the lower
career levels does not depart
from the compatibility prin-
ciple but takes into account
the 1868 BIS survey data
released last month; in the
intermediate levels, compa-
rability on a 1862 basis
would be achieved; and, in
the highest career levels, the
rates are roughly compare
BILE with the 1851 BIS data.
The bill falls below the
executive-branch scale sup
ported by the administration,
but it rationalizes and SIM
plifies the executive salary
levels in all three branches
Of Government on q basis
which provides badly needed
relief for top positions in the
executive branch - although
still considerably below the
salaries recommended by the
Randall panel.
AS the House committee
report on the measure states,
this bill represents the first
and undoubtedly the con-
clusive-test as to whether
Congress intends to abide by
its commitment to the COM
parability principle or dis
card it within a year after
its adoption. The bill is
predicated upon the convic-
ton that Congress will not
abdicate its responsibility
but, instead, will meet its
obligation to Federal en-
ployes and the public by
maintaining and strengthen
ing the compatibility prin-
ciple."
1t is because Of these i'm
portant and overriding con-
siderations that the admin
istration has expressed the
hope. by letter Of November
8 to the chairman of the
House committee, that 1t will
be possible for the House to
consider H. R. 1886 in the
near future In order to per-
NIT time for final congress
sional action on pay legisla-
ton this year. In view of the
foregoing facts and your
previously stated position in
favor Of compatibility, I
would hope that you would
reconsider your editorial ap-
praisal Of the bill.
John W. Macy, jr.,
Chairman, United States Civil
Service Commission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
FREEDOM AND AFTER. B,

Tom Mboya. End paper
map, illus, 28S PIP. little,
Brown & Co.; $500
When Tom Mboya began to
encounter racial discrimina-
ton in its most Grass forms,
he rebelled. 81 felt something
was wrong and someone
should do something about it,"
he writes.
He has done a great deal
about it. Though he is only
80 years old, he is Kenya's
Minister Of Justice and Con-
stitutional Affairs, and gen.
eral secretary of the Kenyan
African National Union, the
country's largest political
party.
His new book, Freedom
and After" contains a rela-
lively brief and Of course in
tensely partisan sketch Of
Kenya's progress to its i'm
minent independence and a
good deal more about what
Mr.. Mboya feels is the COM
ing shape Of things in East
Africa.
An Unpleasant Book
Both the tone and some Of
the specific allegations Of the
book are irritating. The
worst possible construction is
put on everything non-Afri-
can. Mr.. Mboya, for ex-
ample, sees the abortive talks
about associate member
ship" in the Common Market
for some African states as
some sort of European plot.
He will not distinguish be-
tween a certain normal
jockeying for advantage and
full scale and totally evil
'neocolonialism."
Moreover, a careless reader
who knew nothing whatever
of Africa might come away
with the impression that the
Mau Mau terror either never
existed or was instigated by
the British or possibly even
both, though Of course Mr..
Mboya never says outright
anything so foolish.
But one would have to be
almost incredibly insensitive
not to see the source Of this
aggressive disingenuouSness.
Generations Of oppression and
discrimination do not produce
cool heads whose strong points
are knowing how to see many
sides and how to compromise
everything except a few fun
damental principles.
Mr.. Mboya's attitude and
the intellectual gyrations he
must sometimes undertake in
order to maintain his emo
tional position are going to be
with us for a long time. We
must learn to deal with them
cOolly and without anger.
In this sense, Freedom
and After" is good psycholo-
gical exercises for the west.
Things to Come
But there is a good deal
more to the book than that.
Mr.. Mboya has definite ideas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
Approises Federal Pay Bill

service has fewer Of these
and a greater proportion of
professional and high-skill
white-collar positions. AS to
the comparison Of the aver
age pay Of employees of the
State of Ohio and the Fed
eral Government, I would
point out that Ohio ranks in
the lower half among the so
States in average pay rates
for its employees. The invalid
ity Of both comparisons Is
demonstrated by the Bureau
Of Labor Statistics surveys
discussed below.
6. Contrary to your asser-
ton, the Federal employe is
not better off than his oppo-
site number in private en-
ployment, except in the two
lowest grades, as the follow
ing facts make clear.
The Salary Reform Act Of
1862, In addition to establish
ing the current salary sched-
ules and the higher rates to
be effective in January, 1864,
also provided for an annual
review and a report by the
President to Congress as a
means for achieving and
maintaining compatibility.
The basis for determining
compatibility is the annual
Bureau of Labor Statistics
survey of clerical, admins
trative and professional jobs
in 80 different metropolitan
areas, covering IS classes or
categorieS Of jobs. In report
ing these surveys the Bureau
of Labor Statistics provides a
national average figure for
each of the different levels
Of responsibility in each job
category, and these averages
serve as the basis for deter
mining Federal salary sched-
ules which would be compar-
able with private enterprise
pay levels. L deserves en-
phaSis that the rates re-
ported by BIS, being national
average rates. are lower than
those paid by the highest
paying half of private enter
prise.
In its report on legislation
that became the Salary Re-
Sform Act of 1862. the Senate
Post Office and Civil Service
Committee noted that time
did not permit adequate de-
velopment Of needed infor-
nation on executive pay, and
it specifically requested the
President ito recommend fol-
consideration in next session
Of Congress appropriate in
creaSes in Federal executive
salaries at all levels" In re-
Spouse to the committee re-
quests the President asked his
Advisory Panel on Federal
Salary Systems (the Randall
Committed to study the
question Of executive pay and
to report its findings and
recommendations. It's subse-
quent recommendations fol-
substantial adjustments for
key positions in the execu-
tive, legislative and judicial
branches are well known to
you.
1t was this review process
the BIS survey, the Ran
dali Committee report, the
Presidents recommendations
for pay adjustments, and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-02
THE PASSING SCENE
BY WILLIAM S. WHITE
Swift Decisions and Firm Leadership

waste away or TO become diff
fused into nothingness by alb
sence Of bold action at the
top.
To him q moment lost Is
not only something to be de-
plored. II Is q grave spoilage.
For In his view history IN the
present world runs with that
Nation which does not sit
down to rest after each task
but finishes one only TO
reach with zest for another
task to finish.
He viii therefore never
carefully divide his duties
and programs into something
labeled domestic" and SINE
thing labeled foreign" Civ
ing q priority to the one or
the other. To him q problem
is q problem, and the prob
lens and challenges Of ma
tional neutrality-suspicious.
across thousands Of miles Of
ocean or simply up PEN
nyslvania Avenue on Capitol
Hill-are all big and urgent.
He will be neither q
domestic" nor q foreign af-
fairs" President. He win only
be President, q Job he consid-
ers to be indivisible.
Capacity for Persuasion
Even as he Is pressing
Congress on his domestic leg
islative program he will be
pressing his purposes on the
international scene with
what Is his greatest operat-
ing skin. This is q capacity
for persuasion to his point Of
view-already long since
known to Congress-which
before many weeks will be
about equally known to the
worlds leaders, some Of
whom he has already met
and will meet yet again and
again.
Most Of all, he will never
willingly lose his and the Ma
TONS present momentum in
behalf Of q rest here and
there.
He will not get from Con-
gress this year all the legisls-
ton he wants. and perhaps
not even next year. But he
viii get some of it; and he
will always come back and
back until at length he gets
1t all. And Allied statesmen
and potential enemy chief
tains, too-will find in him
what the late President Ken
nedy also found in him:
A skilled, seemingly casual.
negotiator needing no mass
of papers and no briefcases,
with an absolutely untrou-
bled certainty as to where
the real point in every dis
cussion lies.