davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-02
STOP ITCHING
with this
DOCTORS FORMULA!
ADVERTISEMENT

Zemo speedily stops torment of ex-
ternally-caused itching D.. of
eczema, non-poisonous insect bites,
minor rashes and skin irritations. II
coolS, actually reduces ''itchability."
Desensitizes nerve endings, soothes.
Kills millions Of surface germs, helps,
prevent infection, aids healing.
"De-itch" skin with Zemo. Liquid or
Ointment. Get large size to saveI
Helps control infection Of PIMPLESl
Liquid Zemo dries excess oil, opens
clogged pores, resists infection. Also
controls the itching and taking Of
DANDRUFF. Fights scalp fungus,
stimulates blood flow. Money back
if you don't get relief from these or
other skin troubles on Zemo package.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
BY DAVID S. BRODER
Star Staff Writer

When a leader of the National
Draft Goldwater Committee Wis
tied Los Angeles recently in
search of campaign funds, the re-
action of one of his prospects
was-in somewhat cleansed form
WHO in the blue-eyed world
are you guys?"
It's a question that has been
asked with increasing frequency
since the largely unknown OPP
orators of the Goldwater Draft
staged their successful Independ-
ence Day rally at the National
Guard Armory.
Theirs is an unconventional
project. so 1t is hardly surprising
that there have been questions
about it. They are functioning
without the sanction or approval
Of their chosen candidate. On the
day they announced formation Of
the committee, one Of them main
tains, they had no assurance that
Senator Goldwater would not re-
pudiate them out Of hand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Defense:
New Savings

Defense Secretary McNamara
announced last week that his
departments efficiency drive
has already resulted In savings
Of about 81 billion In ore year.
The Secretary termed It q real
revolution" at the Pentagon. What
was itp His program for trimming
the Nations defense costs which,
in spite Of economies" are ex-
pected TO rise to q peacetime rec
ord this year Of about $54 billion.
Although an actual reduction
or leveling off Of the cost OF the
Nations security will not come for
some indefinite time" the Sec
rotary said. the savings nonethe-
less are preventing costs from 60
ing UP higher than they have. He
predicted the efficiency program
would save the taxpayers "a bill
lion by mid-1967 rather than the
SO billion figure he predicted last
year.
How is 1t being donep Buy
ing only what is needed, buying
at the lowest sound price," and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
THE NATIONAL SCENE

committee said that q practical
version Of the public accommoda-
ton bill would be sent to the
Senate in about two weeks.
Chairman Celler of the House
Judiciary Committee predicted
the House would pass q civil
rights bill by Labor Day.
Meanwhile. in other develop
ments on the civil rights front
last week:
Q In the worst violence 1t has
suffered since tension mounted
over rights demonstrations, Cam
bridge, Nd, was the scene Of
shooting by armed bands almost
on the scale Of warfare" as State
police described 1t. National
Guard troops which had been
withdrawn earlier in the week
were ordered back by Gov. Tawes
to impose martial law. Six white
men were wounded by gunfire be-
fore order was restored.
. Negro protests continued in
Savannah, Ga. Danville, Va, and
elsewhere and plans for a rally
August % Of 100000 in Washing
ton, D. c., were developed.
. Mobile and Birmingham, Ala,
were ordered by Federal courts to
start desegregating their schools
next fall. They were the first two
cities in the State TO receive such
orders.
The President met with lead
ers Of nearly 100 women's organ
izations and asked them to back
his civil rights legislation, open
membership in women's organiza-
tons to all races and otherwise
work TO help the Negro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
The Tx Row

Another example the Secretary
began to discuss, then decided not
to Che limited his press confer.
ence to be economy program only
is the controversial award Of the
$6.5 billion Tx airplane contract
to General Dynamics Corporation,
overruling earlier recommended
tons by the Navy and Air Force
military chiefs that the contract
go to the Boeing Company.
Senator Mcclellan, however, in
dicated he had no intention of
dropping his investigation Of the
Tx award. His permanent in
investigating subcommittee uues-
toned Navy Secretary Korth at
length last week. At one point
in the hearing behind closed doors,
the Senator accused the Secretary
Of "distorting" the performance
Of the Boeing plane, according to
the censored transcript. Mr.. Korth
denied this. The marathon probe
continues this week.
Before another congressional
panel, the Defense Department
did much better last week in get
ting its viewpoint across. A House
Armed Services subcommittee vot-
ed to authorize the full SITS mil
lion sought by the administration
to expand the controversial fall
out shelter construction program.
BY offering incentive payments to
public and nonprofit institutions
to include shelters In their build
ings, the program would provide
refuge for an additional II mill
lion Americans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

tremely rare gas which is nor
mally invisible from earth. The
corona viii not be seen from
Washington, since the eclipse is
not total here.
Scientists. viewing the sun take
great precautions to protect their
eyes = precautions which laymen
sometimes neglect. 1t is absolutely
essential that the eyes be pro-
tected when viewing an eclipse.
serious eye-burns, even blindness
can result from carelessness. This
is especially true with partial
eclipSes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Continued From Page E:

Continued From Page Ell
and conflict that has been stirred
up Throughout our entire Nation
is largely Communist-inspired.
His charges brought swift de-
mands for proof from some COM
mittee members. In responses, the
Governor said the President told
the Nation the Negro is not be-
ing treated fairly and not getting
his Just due" and therefore had
to resort to the streets" This
was an apparent reference to the
Presidents speech on civil rights
June IL in which he said that
unless the Congress acts their
(the NegroesD only remedy is the
street"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Old Science

Prediction Of eclipses is closely
tied in with an astronomical pc
Rod called the "saros," which was
known to the ancient Babylo-
mans. This period Of 10 years.
1015 days is the time it takes
the sun and moon to come
around again to the same posi-
tons they once held relative to
each other and to the earth.
In effect. this means that an
eclipse viii repeat itself once each
10 years and 10h days, and
indeed Saturdays eclipse corre-
spends to earlier solar eclipses of
June 20, 1927 CSC years ago) and
July 8, 1945 (18 years ago), and
to scheduled eclipses Of July 81,
1881 (l8 years hence) and Au-
gust IL, 1899 (36 years from now.
A solar eclipse happens when
tie moon passes between the
earth and the sun in such q way
as to cast the lunar shadow on
the earth's surface. The other
kind Of eclipse, that of the moon,
occurs when the earth passes be-
tween sun and moon and OBJ
scures the moon with its shadow.
Lunar eclipses are rarer than
solar eclipSes (154 VS.. 237 per
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
A Look at the Draft GoIdwaterf Team

utors. AS chairman of the Texas
Republican Party, he is the leader
of the largest solidly Goldwater
State and looks out for the SEN
ator's interests in meetings Of
State chairmen and the Repub-
ican National Committee.
. F. CLIFTON WHITE, the ex-
ecutive director, is something Of
an egghead m politics, a New
Yorker with a fondness for bow
ties who has made a career Of
both teaching and practicing pol
itics. He got his academic train
ing at Colgate and Cornell, his
basic political education in the
Dewey organization. He has also
taught political science and, in
recent years, has served as public
affairs adviser to o number Of
large corporations.
Though q New Yorker, Mr..
White has always been on the
opposite side from Gov. Rookie
Teller. He helped lead State SEN
ator Walter Mahoney's UNI
successful bid for the 1858 q. O.P.
gubernatorial nomination, cap
tured by Gov. Rockefeller, and In
1860 aided Richard M. Nixon in
the latter's successful effort to
head off the Governors try for
the presidential nomination. Mr..
White was No. 2 man In the
Nixon-Lodge Volunteers organiza-
ton during the 1860 campaign.
He had been touring the presi-
dental primary States and MAIN
tanning contact with leaders and
workers In the Midwest and East.
Q MRS. lone F. HARRINGTON,
the co-chairman, is the national
committeewoman from Indiana
and a veteran leader OF O. o. p.
women's affairs. She and Mrs.
Judy Fernald Of New Jersey, a past
co-chairman OF the National
Young Republican Federation,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

have been dividing the schedule
of Republican women's meetings
and will be responsible for or
ganizing the volunteer efforts of
the Senator's female hackers.
. FRANK J. KOVAC, a crew-cut
Cleveland man who has become
one of the top political money
raisers in the country, is the
fourth key member Of the team.
He was recruited just six weeks
ago. AS finance director of the
Draft Goldwater Committee, his
job is to raise the cash to keep
the operation going.
A product of Ohio State and
the Harvard Graduate School of
Business Administration, he
moved up through management
ranks at Standard OIL Of Ohio
after World War II to the post
Of assistant to the president and
chairman of the board.
In 1860, he Joined the Repub-
hcan National Finance Committee
and in 1851 became It's executive
director. Last year, he was in
strumental in setting up the mass
solicitation Of $40 contributions
that netted the party almost
three quarters Of a million dol
lars. He quit the party post to Join
the Draft Goldwater group.
An adherent of the "get-a-
Observation-Disclosures people" theory
OF political Embarrassing, Mr..
Kovac is concentrating now on
the big contributors whose support
is needed to launch the opera
ton, but plans soon to strike for
what he calls his mass market"
BY years end, the Draft Gold
water operators hope to have set
up responsible State and local or
ganizations and have a card
indexed file of contributors and
workers ready to go to work for
the Senator when he declares
himself q candidate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Photo of King

Regarding the Communists role
in the civil rights agitation, he
displayed a picture purporting to
show the Rev. DR.. Martin Luther
King, jr, head Of the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference,
one of the prime demonstrating
groups. in a photo captioned at
Communist training school,"
The Governor said he had no evil
dence from the FBI Of Commu-
mist association with civil rights
leaders.
Democratic Senator's Monroney
Of Oklahoma, Hart of Michigan,
and Magnuson OF Washington
were among those who criticized
the Governors Characterization
OF the civil rights protests as
Communist inspired.
Aside from these dramatic ex-
changes, the committee hearings
also probeo further into the con-
stitutional and practical ques-
lions involved in legislating nom
SEGREGATION for restaurants, no.
tells. retail stores and other busi-
Ilesses which open their doors to
the public.
GOV. Barnett said the bill would
be unconstitutional under either
the Fourteenth Amendment or
the commerce clauses, both Of
which the administration is rely
ing on--the latter more than the
former.
= Pour Senators on the commit
tee. two from each party, ques-
toned Assistant Attorney Gen.
seral Burke Marshall closely on
the administration's primary le-
,IiaI1ce on the argument that dis
elimination in public accommo-
cations is a burden on interstate
commerce and therefore Congress
has the power to outlaw It.
Senator Pastore. Democrat Of
Rhode Island. said: II believe in
this bill because believe In the
dignity Of man, not because dis
elimination impedes our COM
merce. I like feeling that what
we are dealing with is morality
and that morality comes under
the Fourteenth Amendment"
Chairman Magnuson Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Protect Your Eyes

An article in Sky and Telescope,
a magazine for amateur astron-
mers, gives this warning and
explanation:
Looking at q partial eclipse
can be extremely hazardous. The
suns surface brightness is not re-
duced as the eclipse progresses.
The total light decreases, causing
the surrounding landscape to
look somewhat darker, but any
particular area on the exposed
part of the suns disk is Just as
bright as it is when the moon
is far from the SUM-"
Ordinary sunglasses are not
adequate viewing filters. For its
own use the Naval Observatory
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Best With Moon OF Perigee

Conditions are good around
July /, when the earth is farthest
away from the sun in its not
quite-circular year-long orbit.
They are best Of all around July
/, with the moon at perigee, when
the eclipse can be seen at the
equator at noon.
Under these all-too-rare con-
ditions a total eclipse can last
over seven minutes. The equato-
rial total eclipse Of June 80, 1878,
will be 10 minutes long. Satur-
days eclipse will occur about
three weeks after July l, with
the moon a few days past perigee,
with the eclipse reaching totally
quite far north and Gin the case
of the East Coast part of the
eclipse) a long time after noon.
In Maine 1t will last only about
q minute.
What happens when the moon
comes In front of the sun is that
a cone-shaped shadow is cast out
into space from the side of the
moon opposite the sun. Next Sat-
urday this shadow will be about
235.000 miles long, or consider
ably greater than the distance
from the moon to the surface Of
the earth.
Under ideal conditions, the
shadow-circle cast on the earth's
surface can be as much as 1877
miles across. On Saturday at
noon over Canada the circles di-
ameter will be only So miles. Near
sunset in Maine the shadow will
be q long oval about 80 miles
north-to-south and 90 miles east
lowest.
When an eclipse occurs with
the earth at its closest to the
sun and at its farthest from the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Solar Eclipse: A Rare and Dramatic Phenomenor

century on the average, but
more people see lunar eclipses.
This is because when the earth
eclipses the moon, the event is
visible from a whole earthly hem
isphere, whereas the moons
eclipse Of the sun traces only
narrow track across the earth's
surface. Any given town can ex-
pect to see about 80 total lunar
eclipses each century, as COM
pared with only about one total
solar eclipse in each 3.5 centuries.
The last total lunar eclipse Wis
ible in Washington was on March
Is, 1860, and the next one will
be visible on December 80 OF this
year. AS mentioned above, there
has never been a total solar
eclipse here since the area was
settled.
The phenomenon of the total
solar eclipse is probably unique
with the earth in the whole solar
system. 1t results from the null
tiple coincidence of q delicate
balance Of size, distance and po-
sition in the heavens Of earth,
moon and sun. If the moons d.
ameter were only 140 miles less
than it is. or If the moon were
only few thousand miles far
ther away from earth, a total
eclipse Of the sun would be i'm
possible.
The moons diameter is just
about 1I400 of the suns and its
distance from the earth is Just
about H400 Of the suns. Hence,
the two bodies appear. from
earth, to be about the same size,
and the closer one can cover"
the remoter one when conditions
are just right.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

Furthermore, If and when the
Senator announces for the presi-
dency, he may well select and In
stall q wholly different crew Of
campaign managers.
Their present liaison with him
is indirect-mainly through Sen
ator John Tower of Texas-and
they have no control Of his sched-
ule, his speeches or his activities.
Nor can they make any commit
mentS in hts name.
Their sole function at this
point. as they explain 1t, is to
establish the credibility Of the
Goldwater candidacy" by organic
ing his diffused grass-roots sup
port to the point where it is po-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Stoke Out o Good Spot

For viewers of a total eclipse,
one of the most exciting sights
is "Baily's beads" Just before, and
just after totality, bright points
Of light seem to spark out around
the edge of the moons dark disk.
These are caused by the peaks and
valleys along the rough surface
Of the moons edge as seen from
earth. Like the corona, Baily's
beads cannot be seen unless the
eclipse is total.
Two reminders for viewers Of
the Washington areas partial
eclipse:
/. Stake out a looking spot for
yourself in advance, with the view
unobstructed to the west from the
zenith down at least three fourths
land preferably four-fifths) Of the
way to the horizon. The sun will
be only 20 degrees up in the
western sky at the moment Of
maximum eclipse, and nothing
would be more maddening than to
find trees or a neighbor's house
in the way.
2. Don't forget those viewing
filters double thicknesses of ex-
posed film, heavily (but heavilyD
smoked glass, or a special filter
approved by a doctor or an as
tronomer, or a pinhole viewer.
That summer sun can be muir
der - especially when you look
straight at it during an eclipse.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
More Shelters

Although the program must still
be approved by the full committee
and the House, and then hurdle
the appropriations barrier, the
unanimous vote Of the subcommit-
tee in favor Of the program was
considered q substantial victory
for the department. The subcom-
mittee had been critical Of the
shelter program, but Chairman
Hebert, Democrat Of Louisiana,
said that the testimony Of Gov
eminent witnesses had been per-
suasive.
II won't pass judgment on the
lives Of tens Of millions Of peo-
ple." Mr.. Hebert said and prom
Used his group would fight vigor-
ously for House adoption Of the
program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

savings through indignation and
Standardization, Mr.. Mcnamara
explained. He bombarded report
ers with charts, figures and per-
Suasion. One example: A pack
radio set which used to cost the
Army $2.278 under a negotiated
contract but which came down to
$S43 under a contract awarded
by competitive bidding.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

duration of the total eclipse on
the ground.
Scientific interest in eclipses
stems from the fact that they give
astronomers their best opportu-
nifty to study the suns corona.
This is the bright halo of ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

moon. the moons shadow does
not quite touch the earth's sur
face. What can then be seen is a
spectacular, but scientifically less
important event called an San
nular" eclipse, from the Latin
annulus, meaning ring. The suns
brightness shines around the dark
disc Of the moon, yielding a
ring Of light.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

litically useful, 1. e., can produce
convention delegates, campaign
funds and workers.
Offbeat as the Draft Goldwater
Committee sounds, It's formation
was dictated by two hard political
realities:
/. Some means had to be found
to channel the volunteer efforts
on his behalf that were springing
up around the country. Such un-
solicited enthusiasm can be a
precious campaign asset; but par
ticularly in Senator Goldwater's
case, there was an urgent need
to see that his name was not
appropriated by irresponsible ele-
ments Of the q. o. P. In certain
areas.
2. Some device had to be Gre
ated to match the team Of adj
vance political agents operating
for Gov. Nelson Rockefeller Of
New York. Since Senator Gold
water was unwilling and/or unable
either to finance such q team
himself or to convert his Senate
staff into q campaign staff, some
one had to establish 1t for him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

serve this weeks eclipse from a
flying lab" Jet transport plane
high above Canada. By racing the
moons shadow eastward the plane
will be able to extend its observa-
ton of totality to about 2la min
utes, or almost half again the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Why They're Brief

The duration Of an eclipse at
any point on earth depends on a
number Of things in addition to
the relative positions Of earth,
moon and sun. For one thing,
the earth is spinning on its own
axis at a speed of some l,04O
miles an hour at the equator.
Next, the earth is travelling
around the sun at roughly $4,000
miles an hour. And finally, the
moon is travelling around the
earth at about 2,100 miles an
hour. There are also less impor-
tant motions Of the three bodies
that affect the eclipse.
Fortunately the earth's spin
and the moons travel are both
in the same direction west to
east. This tends to reduce the
relative speed Of the moon and
extend the duration Of the eclipse.
Otherwise. even the most favor
able eclipse conditions would be
over in jiffy.
At the equator. the shadow Of
the moon chat is, the eclipse, as
we see IT'D moves across the earth's
surface at about 1000 miles an
hour. At Washington's latitude the
eclipse's speed is about 1880 m.p.h.
and in northern Canada about
1880 m.p.h. This is where the
Biographies jet will come in
handy; If it can fly at $40 m.p.h.
in the same direction as the
shadow is going at 1880, the rela-
tive speed Of plane and shadow
will be cut down to the equivalent
Of an equatorial shadow-pass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14
Serious ToIk at chieogo

These matters were discussed at
q gathering Of conservative Re-
publicans in Chicago last Deem
Der. Three Of the four key OPP
eratives Of the Draft Goldwater
Committee were at that meeting.
. PETER ODONNELL, JR., the
chairman, is a wealthy Dallas
businessman who has moved UP
fast In party ranks from his start
as a precinct worker in q 1855
congressional race. A talented or
ganizer and better-than-average
speaker, Mr.. oDonnell travels the
South and parts Of the West, con-
tacting supporters and contrib
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-14

here has devised filters made of
Photographic film which are so
dense that an ordinary electric
light bulb or fluorescent lamp
cannot be seen through them.
PHS: Don't Wotch Sun
A Photographic buff can make
cheap. safe filters for his whole
family for the price Of roll Of
black-and-white film. Just unroll
and expose the whole strip Of
film, to broad daylight, then de-
velop 1t to maximum density. Cut
squares Of this developed, dried
film, and make your eclipse
viewing filter from two thick
nesses Of this, tapped together
with masking tape around the
edges.
The Public Health Service urges
even more caution. PHS advises
making a ''pinole" viewer. Punch
o tiny hole in a piece Of shirt
cardboad and project the eclipsed
suns image through this onto
white card. Look at the projected
image, not at the sun, PHS says.
Eclipses have been observed for
more than 1000 years and a
method of predicting them has
been known for about 5000. Bib
lical students believe the verse
Amos viii 8 is q prediction Of
an eclipse that was total at Nine
yah in 1853 BIC. The verse reads:
II will cause the sun to go
down at noon, and I will darken
the earth in the clear day"
The basic reference work on
eclipses is remarkable German
language volume Of tables and
maps called Canon Of Eclipses"
by Hofrat Prof. Theodor Ritter
Won Oppolzer. Published in Vi
emma in 1887, the Canon con-
tains a map delineating perfectly
the start, noon-point, end and
path of next Saturdays eclipse.
Probably the best known
eclipse prediction in English lit
erature was that Of Mark Twain's
Connecticut Yankee" who
astounded King Arthur's Court
and discredited Merlin the Magi-
clan by plotting out the sun"
over 9Th Century Britain.