davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Both Criticism,
Progress Noted

Certainly the Agency for In
ternational Development (AID)
Is now aware Of the criticisms
directed against our foreign aid
programs. The act for interna-
tional development Of 1851 is
a good one. The consolidation
OF AID agencies, improvement
In personnel. reduction in mar
ginal activities, better analysis
Of development requirements
and increased insistence on
self-help pursuant to the act
have been steps forward, as has
the shifting Of aid from a SUBJ
sidy to loan basis In several
countries and the establish
ment Of target dates for ter
minating aid in others. Amend
ments TO the act In 1862 also
have been helpful, especially
the Hickenlooper amendment,
requiring suspension of aid to
countries expropriating pri.
vately owned United sta te s
property without adequate
compensation, and the provi-
sion banning aid 10 Communist
countries except in extroardi-
nary circumstances.
The harmful effect on our
international accounts also has
been mitigated by tying United
States economic aid to procure
ment in this country. q step
which was necessary despite its
undesirability as a general and
continuing practice.
Also, more countries are be-
coming independent of United
States aid through the success
ful combination Of our assist
ance and their own internal
efforts. Greece, Israel and the
Republic Of China are expected
soon to reach the point where
their external financial require
ments can be met by conven-
tional loans from the Export
Import Bank. the international
Bank for Reconstruction and
Development and other sources
The Philippines. also. under It's
present vigorous leadership. is
moving TO a similar position.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Aid Since War l

At the end Of the war. only
the United States had the
strength and resources to fill
the power vacuum into which
international com m u nism
sought to move. To strengthen
the free world, the United
States then embarked upon an
extensive foreign assistance ef-
fort which has lasted well over
q decade. -.
Each Of our Presidents since
foreign aid began has repeat
eddy expressed his judgment
that this assistance is essen
tial to the national interests Of
the United States and to the
curtailment Of Communist eff
forts in all parts Of the world.
Criticisms Of aid activity, its
burden on the already heavily
pressed taxpayer and the pros
pect Of its prolonged continual
ton, however, have rails d
questions concerning the ma
ture and conduct Of these pro-
grams. There has been q feel
ing that we are trying to do
too much for too MANY too
soon, that we are overextended
In resources and under
compensated In results and
that no end Of foreign aid is
either in sight or in mind. /.
There is evidence the Amer
lean public feels strongly, too,
that other prospecting indus
trialized nations, having recov-
cred their economic strength
since the war with our assist
ance, should assume niue h
more Of the foreign aid burden
than they are now carrying.
There has been increasing
concern as well over the con-
tribution Of foreign aid to the
persistent deficits in our inter-
national balance of payments
Ia in the last 10 years. These
deficits have produced a sus-
tanned decline in our gold stock
and q marked increase in for
eign owned dollar balances.
with q resulting loss in our
international Hquidity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

guilty to the Communist bloc
occupy the frontier of freedom
Many Of these countries are
our allies, and some belong to
alliances with which we are
associated. Several of these
nations are carrying defense
burdens far beyond their In
ternal capacities. These coun-
tries are now receiving the ma
jor portion of United States
foreign assistance but are also
providing more than 2 million
men ready. for the most
part, for any emergency.
While their armies are to
some extent static unless gen.
eral war develops, they add
materially to free world
strength so long as conven-
tional military forces are re-
quired. Indeed, it might be
better to reduce the resources
of our own defense budget
rather than to discontinue the
support which makes their
contribution possible.
There are a few other bor-
der countries whose military
forces presently are Of value
largely for internal security
purposes. Even though they
belong 10 alliances with which
we are associated. we believe
the present level Of support to
these forces. particularly with
sophisticated weapons. cannot
be considered as essential TO
the security Of the free world.
In these countries. which have
substantial resources of their
own. significant reductions Of
military and economic assist
ance are In order.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Africa Interests
Less Evident

AS we consider the African
nations, immediate security In
terests are less evident than
in countries adjacent to the
Communist bloc. The United
States does have a stake In
helping to create a climate OF
stability and growth In free
dom, however, and the Com
munists have already displayed
their interest and subversiyt
potential In this area.
Also. the new countries OF
Africa, In most cases, have
maintained close ties with the
former metropolis without i'm
pairment Of their full inde-
pendence. and the latter In
turn have displayed considera-
BILE willingness to help meet the
assistance needs Of these young
nations. The committee regards
Africa as an area wherG the
Western European countries
should logically bear most of
the necessary aid burden. In
fact, this Is proving 10 be the
case. 80.
It can always be said that in
fragile. new. developing coun-
tries the United States must
provide aid lest they accept II
from Communist nations with
resulting political penetration
and eventual subversion. We
cannot accept this view. We be-
lieve these new countries value
their independence and do not
wish 10 acquire a new master
In place OF the old one: there
already have been instances on
the continent TO corroborate
this belief.
While our aid programs in
this area are generally new, ex-
perience has shown they tend
10 increase. In the light Of It's
other responsibilities, the Unit
ed States cannot undertake 10
support all OF the Afric q n
countries. especially when their
ties with other free world ma
tons are largely elsewhere.
The Congo merits particular
m ention. While recognizing
that the United States has en-
couraged the United Nations 70
assume great responsibilities
there. we believe the United
States also has contributed
proportionately more than IL
share 10 the taSL assumed.
We believe the United States
should attempt 10 maximize ths
economic assistance Of Other
nations 10 the Congo and thai
It's own contribution should b.
not more than half the tota
economic aid provided for tn,
next few years. after which ex'
ternal assistance beyond con.
ventional means could be dis
continued 10 this potential,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

lateral and bilateral assistance
programs win have important
roles in the foreseeable fu-
ture. -.
A multilateral organization,
having no political or CONNER
cial interests Of Its own TO
serve. is able to concentrate on
Technical Assistance
The most serious obstacle to
growth In many less developed
countries is the inability Of
their people to effectively uti-
lie the resources ct their dis
posal. Technical assistance
should be directed primarily at
the removal Of these obstacles
and is the major means by
which external aid can help de-
velop leadership and technology
ical skills-essential precondl-
tons for development - where
they do not now exist. -.
There is no doubt Of our de-
sire to help developing coun-
tries with what they essenti-
ally need and can absorb in
the form of such assistance.
The major limitations upon
this are not financial but, in
stead. those which restrict their
ability to utilize 1t well and
which relate to the quality Of
the personnel at both ends of
this process. Experience makes
us doubt AIDS ability to mo-
Billie the high-quality man
power necessary to implement
well and supervise properly all
Of the current technical assist
ance programs amounting to
approximately $3.50 million an
nually.
We recommend that new pro-
gram starts be sharply limited
until the present total program
review is completed in the
light Of developmental priori-
ties for the various countries
and of actual project operat-
ing effectiveness. -.
Loan Terms
We believe that loan
terms should be determined on
a more flexible basis after
country-by-country analysis.
This would result in somewhat
harder terms in the case Of
some countries than those
which AID previously has ex-
tended and the transfer of
strictly hard-term loans to
other agencies. -. ,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Special Attention
Given to India

In addition there are other
countries in this border area,
particularly In Southeastern
and Western Asia, 10 which we
provide economic assistance
and, In some cases, military
equipment. though they are
neither allies nor members OF
alliances with which we are as
ISOLATED. We believe most Of
this military assistance Is not
essential 10 our own free world
security. and we cannot recon-
mend continued supply OF this
equipment.
In any review OF front-line
countries, special attention
must be given 10 India, even
though IL is not an ally.
Together with our ally. Pakis-
tan, II is the only area OF
ooutn ASIA able TO offset the
Red Chinese colossus. Unless
their freedom and economic
growth continue, there can
never be a balance OF power in
Asia, and our own involvement
In this area could be indefinite
and infinitely more costly.
We cannot leave this area OF
the world without special ref
erence also 10 Indonesia. Be-
cause Of It's population, re-
sources and geographic posi-
ton, II is Of special concern
TO the free world. However, we
DO not see how external assitt-
ance can be granted 10 thu
nation by free world countries
unless II puts It's internal house
In order, provides fair treat.
ment 10 foreign creditors and
enterprises and refrains from
international adventures.
On the western end OF the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
2-Stotus, Guides

Even with due consideration
for improvements. however,
much remains 10 be accom-
plished. While we are concerned
with the total cost OF aid, we
are concerned even more with
whether its volume is justified
and whether We and the coun-
tries receiving 1t are getting
our moneys worth. We believe
that we are indeed attempting
too much for too many and
that a higher quality and re-
duced quantity Of our diffuse
aid effort In certain countries
could accomplish more.
We cannot believe that our
national interest is served by
indefinitely continuing COM
mitments at the present rate
TO the IS countries and terri
tories which are now receiving
our economic and/or military
assistance Substantial tight
ening up and sharpened OBJ
Jectives In terms OF our ma.
tional interests are necessary
based on a realistic look Al
past experience, present needs
and future probabilities.
There should be no doubt
however. Of the great value OF
properly conceived and admin.
tstered foreign-aid programs tC
the national interest OF the
United States and OF the con.
tribution OF the foreign assist.
ance dollar IN such program,
70 the service OF our Nations
security. We life In . world n
which poverty, sickness, insta.
bility and turmoil are rife ant
where q relentless Communists
imperialism manipulates thil
misery 10 subvert men and ma.
tons from freedoms cause.
A foreign-aid program is one
instrument among many which
we and other developed coun.
tries adequately can afford anC
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
Alliance for Progress
And Latin America

Because OF the unusual I'M
portance Of and difficulties In
this area, the committee has
given it special attention.
The Alliance for Progress
predicated on q Joint endeavor
to achieve for the Latin Amer
lean peoples economic progress
and social justice with free In
stitutions and political liberty
was born In the face Of q
formidable inheritance.
Political and economic insta-
bility, habits of government
and social rightly in Latin
America, ambivalent emotions
toward United States power
and influence in the hemis-
phere, deteriorating Latin
American terms of trade, vac
uums Of political leadership
and technical skill. the absence
of United States and Latin
American institutional struc-
lures adequate to deal with
these problems and increasing
Communist efforts TO exploit
them-these and other condi-
tons combined to argue for
both the urgent necessity and
short-term impossibility Of the
Alliance. -,
Now that the first and Or
ganizational phase Of this COM
pick enterprise Is completed, we
believe the United States
should increase its efforts to
achieve greater Latin American
performances beyond promises
under the charter. This insist
ence on national economic and
social performance. notwith-
standing the internal and In
ternational political problems
involved. Is necessary. both be-
cause Of and despite the pri-
mary importance Of this area
TO the United States. The Unit
ed States and Latin America
cannot allow another Castro
ite- Communist Cuba TO come
into existence. No matter
what the amount Of outside as
sistance. nothing will avail TO
promote rapid progress II Latin
American leaders do not stimu-
late the will for development,
mobilize internal savings. en-
courage the massive flow Of
private investment and promote
other economic, social and ad-
ministrative changes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

rich country. We believe also
that military aid and cxpendi-
lures should be reduced as
rapidly as possible, consistent
with rnd designed to improve
the internal security problem
which now exists.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

plished in two years what must
take much longer.
2. While the Alliance has
spurred some progress in Latin
America willingness and ability
to make necessary changes, the
United States and hemisphere
organs of the Alliance should
make even more clear to the
governments and publics of the
hemisphere that they are seri-
Gus about self-help. fiscal re-
form and other changes.
3. The United States should
be increasingly more specific
on the self-help and reforms 1t
seeks and do so on a country
by country basis. -.
4. Assistance should be con-
centrated heavily on tn o Sc
countries which undertake 10
meet the principles established
in the Charter Of Punta del
Este.
5. We must continue to as
sumo leadership with Latin
Americans in stimulating the
offering Of incentives to the
private sector which are re-
quired II Latin development
goals are TO be attained.
6. While the United States
must employ the judicious
withholding of funds as well
as their timely award to en-
courage necessary internal re-
form. neither granting nor
Withholding funds Is Of value
II incapacity and not unwill-
ingness Is the source Of the
problem. What is needed in
such instances Is an internal
effort to build new institutions
and external provision Of the
technical advice and backing
needed In connection with these
changes. 1t viii take an ex-
traordinary mobilization OF
United States and other talent
TO make such external advice
sufficiently broad and incisive
TO be effective In the near fu-
ture.
7. Normally. the financing of
most local costs Of economic
and social development are
borne by the recipient country,
as external assistance Is pro-
vided in the form Of foreign
exchange. Thus far. this has
not been the case with the ALI
ance for Progress. We do not
believe the United States
should continue TO finance
such costs directly or through
the Inter American Develop
ment Bank except In countries
which are moving 10 mobilize
their own resources for this
purpose and TO build the local
institutions and procedures
necessary TO channel them into
productive investment. :.
8. The United States should
continue and expand It's efforts
10 assist the freer trade and
economic indignation OF this
region, with special note Of the
Importance Of wide and nom
discriminatory Latin American
access 10 the Common Market
and 10 the economic develop
ment and increased hum a n
well-being which would be slim
ulated by a free Latin Ameri-
can economic community.
Q. Finally. we would stress
the Importance OF Latin Ameri-
can governments consulting
with and enlisting In the pur-
suit OF their development pro-
grams the support OF indus
trial, financial. labor, co-oper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

bloc periphery, Greece and
Turkey are moving toward In
creased security and well being.
Both of these important ma
tons, however. are still in need
of military assistance and eco
nomic support, and Turkey viii
require both forms Of assist
ance for some time to come.
T.. Elsewhere In Europe, there
is no apparent need for fur
Their military or economic as
sistance other than for the full
fillment Of existing commit
ments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
MuItiIoteroI Aid
For Free Nations

The Importance OF increasing
the amount and improving the
nature OF aid provided for de-
veloping countries leads d.
rectly 10 the subject OF multi
lateral assistance from the free
countries.
We believe that both multi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
py y. A..ocIated pres.

Here Is a partial teri OF the
report TO the president by a
special committee to investi-
gate operations OF the foreign
aid program:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24
4MHitory Bases

Inc cOmmlGJcc mas examined
the economic and military as
sistance the United States pro-
vides to certain countries In
exchange for bases. In many
instances, the practical cost
seems excessive. particularly
where the bases provide both
considerable dollar income
from expenditures by our per-
sonnet and substantial local
employment. Aid for such
purposes should be viewed as
defense costs, and no economic
assistance should be provided
as their consequence. More
over, every effort should be
made to reduce assistance to
foreign countries in return for
these rights. especially Spain
and Portugal, which are ale
ready more than adequately
compensated.
obtaining the greatest possible
return, in terms Of economic
and social development, for
each dollar Of aid funds In
vested. -.
United States contributions
to the budgets Of these organ
izations should not exceed our
proportionate share Of our reg
llar U. N. assessment. Excep-
tons should be limited to con-
tributions designed to increase
the totals of these budgets
proportionately and should be
discontinued promptly II they
fail in this purpose.
In addition to our remarks
above concerning various areas.
the committee wishes to note
its general view that only in
extraordinary circumstances
should the United States pro-
vide MAP aid. including mill
tary equipment Of a small
arms nature. where the prin-
cipal quarrel Of the recipient
country is with a non-Commu-
mist neighbor with which the
United States also maintains
friendly relations.
The Private Sector
AID has shown increasing
awareness Of the vital role
played by local and foreign pri-
vate investment in the develop
ment processes, but fuller cog
nizance Is required In conceiv-
ing, conditioning, and imple-
menting Its programs In vari-
Gus countries. What we have
said on this subject above con-
corning the Alliance for Prog
ress has worldwide application.
Our conviction Is based not
on doctrine but on the prac-
teal realization that II Is the
private sector, operating with
the cooperation Of a vital and
democratic labor movement
and enlightened management
on the basis Of essential gov
eminent services and sensible
policies. which will make the
greatest contribution 10 rapid
economic growth and overall
development. -.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-24

atives and other leaders who
believe in the goals Of the ALI
ance. -.
Kodiak mirror., 1963-09-13

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, 1963-04-30
STOCK MARKET
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All subscribers t, a market service receive the same analyses.
(which another service may differ with, and the same lists
Of recommended purchases. The service may or may not
meet his needs.
Usually, the recommendations reach substantial numbers.
Only a mutual fund could take on even a small fraction. And.
have ycu noticed how simple ii is TO select the wrong ones?
!. Our clients are served purely on an individual basis. The
amount of money TO be used is divided into equal parts for
Investigation. There is no going overheard. The reason for
purchase or sale is clearly explained by means of price action.
The stock is followed along continuously.
Advisory Consulting Account Operation
Box 2e5 ". E. WILCOX christiansted
, 1963-04-30
by THE ACTING GOVERNOR
- OF THE
VIRGIN ISLANDS OFsTHE UNITED STATES
a PROCLAMATION
TrArr1rpc1 nav ~
TEACHERS DAY

WHEREAS Title 1, Sections 172 and 173 Of the Virgin
Islands Code designates the first Friday in May OF each year
as Teachers Day" in the Virgin Islands; and
WHEREAS the future Of the Virgin Islands depends to
very large extent upon the training and instruction lmpart-
ed to our children and youth by their teachers; and
WHEREAS it is fitting and proper that a day be set
aside each year in recognition of the services rendered by
school teachers and all other persons who work for the cause
of education:
NOW, THEREFORE, I, PERCY de JONGH, Acting Gov
ernor of the Virgin Islands of the United States, by virtue OF
the authority vested in me, do hereby proclaim Friday, May
{3, 1868, as Teachers Day throughout the Virgin Islands.
I urge all citizens, schools, the information media, and
civic and service organizations to participate in appropriate
ceremonies, programs and demonstrations in tribute to our
teachers and in gratitude and appreciation for the precious
contribution to our heritage and the promise for our future
made by our teachers.
IN TINES WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand
and caused the Seal of the Government Of the Virgin Islands
to be affixed at Charlotte Amaie, ST. Thomas, Virgin Islands,
this 10Th day of April, AID, 1868.
PERCY de JoNGH
The frontiersman., 1963-12-19

It's Christmas time! Every
where, glad sights and sounds
reflect the spirit of the season,
as this community celebrates
the joyous holiday.
The spirit of Christmas is
seen, in gaily decorated streets
and stores, in homes aglow
with light and festive with
evergreens. in churches where
the manger scene tells anew
the wonderful old story of a
holy Babe who was born in
Bethlehem nearly two thous-
and years ago.
The spirit of Christmas is
heard, in bells ringing out from
street corner to steeple, in hap
Ply voices singing all the songs
of the season, from old familiar
carols to the more solemn, but
at the same time joyful, anth
ems, cantatas and oratorios.
The spirit of Christmas is
felt. as last minute prepara-