davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

dealing with advertising and
membership solicitation"
Thus, NPU is m aking the
same accusations against the
four unions that they made
against NPU.
The csc is in the middle of
the bitter dispute.
It's no secret that NPU this
year came up with a very at
tractive health insurance plan.
NPU officials, before the COM
missions announcement of no.
tice of intent to terminate the
plan, had expected anywhere
from 10000 to $4,000 new
members in its plan, postal as
well as non-postal Government
employees. In order to join the
.NPU plan, F FEDERAL employees
nave to enroll as sSocia e
members of NPU at a cost of
$3.50 a year.
AS reported in last Sundays
column. the entire situation
has caused the csc to start
work on changing regulations
regarding advertising of FEEDER
al e ploye health insurance
plans and the dissemination of
information to Government
workers so that they can make
the most-informed choice.
=
PAY RAISE ATTACKED
Representative Gross, Repub-
lican of Iowa. the doughty
leader Of the House economy
bloc, has served notice he will
seek a roll call vote in the
House when it votes on Federal
pay raise legislation, including
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
Let South Africo Alone,
EnVoyAsksin IN. Plea

UNITED NATIONS N. T.. oct. 10 CAP).-South Africa
appealed to United Nations members today fresh
look at its racial problems and to give objective study to the
governments plan for commonwealth Of black white
states
with about half the % African seats vacant Secretary of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10
Purple From Shells

NEW YORK-The royal pur-
pie worn by ancient kings came
from a dye obtained from the
shellfish Purpura murex.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-10

tee they oppose a Latin-Ameri-
can move to cut still other
assessments on IS poorer men,
bers Of the U. N.
Evening star., 1963-05-28
On Usinq Troops

The Supreme Court has acted SEN
Sibly in refusing to hear Governor Wal
lace'S suit challenging the Presidents
authority to send some 5000 Federal
troops to Army and Air Force bases in
Alabama.
In its unsigned order, the court
alluded to purely preparatory meas
ures" by the President, and this, it seems
to us, goes to the heart of the matter.
We do not think this order can be con-
Strued as putting the Supreme Courts
stamp of approval on the argument that
the Presidents power to use troops un-
der an 1871 statute is not subject to
judicial review. If the President had
sent Federal troops into Birmingham
after the local authorities had regained
control following riot, and at a time
when no Federal laws or court orders
were being violated, quite a different
situation would have been presented.
Probably the court, under those circum-
stances, would have heard the case. For
the President historically has not been
thought to have, and should not have,
the power to use Federal troops willy
nilly, without regard for the Constitution
and without his action being subject to
judicial review.
1t is far cry from this, however,
to assert that the President must wait
until disaster has struck before taking
purely preparatory" steps to invoke the
authority conferred on him by the 1871
statute. The issue is one of fact. Mr..
Kennedy did not "uSe" the Federal
troops In Rirmingh and It is q gross
Misrepresentation to suggest the con-
trary. Instead, he sent them to Federal
bases so they would be readily available
for use If needed. That was the rational
thing to do, and we are at a loss to
understand the thinking of those who
seem to believe he must wait until blood
runs in the streets and local authority
has broken down before taking even the
preliminary steps to assert his Federal
authority.
The President evidently means to
protect any constitutional rights which
may be threatened in Birmingham, and
he clearly does not intend to be caught
unprepared again by vicious rioting
such as that which swept the University
Of Mississippi We think this is the right
attitude, and it is inconceivable that the
court would handcuff him in advance.
This refusal by the justices to inter-
fere may not have any deterrent effect
on Governor Wallace, who insists he will
personally prevent the enrolment of
two Negroes in the University Of Ala
bama. But it must impress him as one
more chapter in the message on the
wall-a message which says he will be
heading for jail If he tries it.
Evening star., 1963-05-28
Mrs. Johnson's Award

The Volunteers OF America pre-
sented their humanitarian" award TO
Mrs. Lyndon Johnson the other day.
and the Vice Presidents wife, in ac-
cepting 1t, made little speech.
The speech will not 90 down in his
tory with the Gettysburg Address, but
II made point. Mrs. Johnson recalled
that her father ran a store in Texas
under the sign: 1T. j. Taylor, Dealer
In Everything" And she went on TO
say: Science and time and necessity
and / hope compassion-have pro-
PEELED us, the United States, TO be the
general store for the world, dealers in
everything. Most Of all, merchants for
a better way Of life, ! hope"
When some Job has needed TO be
done In this merchandising, Mrs john
son has never been found unwilling or
unready. For the American way, she
is a gracious and effective sales lady.
Evening star., 1963-05-28
A Sense of Loss

Orvil E. Dryfoos, who died un-
expectedly last Saturday morning, was
yet to complete the carving Of his own
niche in journalism. He had succeeded
his father-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulz-
berger, as president of the New York
Times only six years ago. He had as
sumed the added title of publisher Just
over two years ago. At so, although
it held great promise, his career as a
newspaper executive still lay largely
before him.
The news Of his death, however, has
conveyed sense of shock and personal
sadness to an unusual number Of his
professional colleagues throughout this
country. This is in part tribute to a
warm, gracious and able personality
which attracted friendship and good
will by always remaining its unasSuming
self. But 1t is also tribute to the char
acter OF the New York Times-a char
acter in large degree nodded, nurtured
and jealousy protected by Mr.. Dryfoos'
two immediate predecessors, the late
Adolph s. ochs and Mr.. Sulzberger.
The general feeling of confidence in
Orvil Dryfoos as their worthy successor
in the executive conduct Of newspaper
endowed with some characteristics Of a
public institution accounts now for the
singular impression OF loss, as we'll as
sorrow, occaSioned by his premature
death.
Evening star., 1963-05-28
This Month on Everest

One thing to do in May is to climb
Mount Everest. People who have been
there say it is the ideal time of the year.
What winds there are seldom exceed
$50 miles an hour, temperatures rarely
drop beneath 50-below and it SHOWS only
on cloudy days. Some tourists still find
Cannes, Biarritz or St. Moritz more
fashionable, but there is mounting evi-
dence Everest is catching on big.
Only recently group Of 10 Ameri-
can climbers, 80 Sherpa guides and 895
porters set out on an Everest holiday.
They went well equipped-the sponsor
ing National Geographic Society saw to
that-with no less than $3.50 pounds
OF supplies. 1t began as the most ex-
citing trip any Of them had ever taken,
and ended as the most glorious mountain
climb Of all time.
There was the May Day moment
when Jim Whitaker and the Sherpa,
Gombu, reached the summit and left a
beautiful calling card, the Stars and
Stripes. Then on May % business at
Old Hilltop really picked up. That was
the day Tom Hornbein and Bill Unsoeld
made II TO the top via the hitherto
unscaled west ridge. Soon after they
crossed over the top and began the
descent they learned 1t is a small world,
indeed. For whom did they meet but
their old friends, Barry Bishop and
Luther Jerstad, who already had been
10 the top by way Of the comparatively
well-traveled South Col.
Now, except that their minds were
reeling, their bodies numb, they might
have paused to relish this epic moment
In history Tom Hornbein and Bill
Unsoeld might have basked in their
triumph over the peak via Communist
held Tibet. And all might have shared
the satisfying thought with the rest
Of us) that although the soviets have
put two men into space at one time,
they have never caused a small traffic
Jam atop the world
Unfortunately, there was not time.
The four still faced an awful night
without shelter, sleeping bags or oxygen.
They battled desperately against FROST
bite and worse and, with the help Of
Evening star., 1963-05-28

/ hope The Star will con-
tinue its present close atten-
ton to planning issues in
Maryland and Virginia sub
urbs Of Washington. In par
ticular I hope you will main
tain the kind Of news
coverage that got you the
May l8 story on the Henson
Creek coming case. The fate
of planning unfolds by Just
such small episodes, and only
If the day-to-day perils of
plans are reported promptly
and In context can the citi-
zen know how the public in
terest is being treated.
The May Is story con-
cerned application for recon-
ing Of 10 acres from rural
residential to commercial
CD. Citizens In the Mar
low Heights area opposed the
application. partly on the
grounds that 1t would be in
conflict with the Just
adopted Henson Greek plan.
To their horror, they
learned. In the course Of the
hearing, that the Planning
Commission had changed TO
CO its recommendation for
the tract covered in the ap-
plication. Whether or not the
applicant knew this, the ad-
joining residents did not:
nor did any member OF the
public who attended the
planning commission meet
ing Of May is at which the
plan was adopted.
This incident emphasizes
again the crying need for
public discussion OF public
business. particularly In pub
lie agencies concerned with
planning and land use. The
reality OF powerful private
pressures for public favors is
quite clear.
The history OF the Henson
Greek plan is relevant here.
The proposed plan was pre-
sented 10 the planning COM
mission by It's technical staff
In May, 1861. The printed
plans were not released 10
the public until a year later,
after the primary elections.
Hearings on the proposal
we're held In July, 1862. Since
then. there has been no dis
cusSion Of the merits of any
aspect OF the proposal at any
public meeting Of the COM
mission. Al the Prince
Georges Planning Board
meeting OF May Is, william
Stevens, the newly appointed
full-time chairman, trans
mitted 10 the planners a let
ter from the county commits
sioners requesting adoption
Of the plan. The county COM
mlssioners desired a number
OF changes In the plan, Mr..
Stevens said. and produced
a map overlay which had
been prepared by the staff
showing the commissioners
changes. With no questions
and no further discussion.
the planning board agreed 10
recommend adoption Of the
plan, with the requested
Evening star., 1963-05-28

and apart from production
controls. 1t may be that Con-
gress will not dodge this is
sue and pass some kind Of
price support for wheat. Or
they may leave the whole
matter in the hands of the
farmers to run the gamut of
open competition.
C. F. Haughawout.
= y y
1t is with deep gratifica-
ton that I noted the re-
sounding defeat suffered by
the Administration in the
wheat referendum. Inasmuch
as no politicians were run
ming for office in this elec-
ton. undoubtedly no one
bothered to rig the results
as happened in the Presi-
Dental election Of 1860. A
true reflection Of public opin-
ion was therefore demon
strated by the farmers even
though it did cost them by
so doing.
One of the traditions that
made America the greatest
country in the world was less
Government control and do
mination of the individual;
not more and more, as the
trend is today. The people
are no longer free enough to
spend their own earnings,
but must turn over about
half to the tax collector for
dispersal around the world
and other assorted boom
doggles. ]. A.
- -
The vote on the wheat
referendum means one thing:
Freedom is not for sale at So
O h,,ehaI ID Cn-k.YI
Evening star., 1963-05-28
II will bar the door"

WAAA DdA bIlC QOOT.
One wonders if Gov. George
Wallace of Alabama realizes
what a dark symbol he be-
came when he said he would
stand in the schoolhouse or
university door to bar entry
to those directed there by
the courts Of his Nation-and
accepted by the institutions
involved.
For generations the South's
children and her young men
and women have had an in
visible something standing in
the doors Of their schools
barring adequate education.
Southern students have been
sacrificed to lack Of funds,
to prejudice. Their educa-
tion has not been equal to
that received by children in
other regions. Southern drop
out totals are higher than
those Of other areas. Southern
teachers are paid less. The
per-pupil expenditure is far
below that of the more pros
porous States. The South,
though it tries. still spends
below the national average
on school plant, equipment,
and teaching aids. Fewer
Southern children 60 to high
school and college.
We are In a period Of crisis
In education.
A recent report issued by
the Department Of Labor
concluded that: "Unemploy-
ment among the Nations (un-
educated. untrained) youth
is already critical and II It
continues TO be neglected It
could develop into one Of the
most explosive social prob
lens in the United States"
Bars Entry
II is against this back
ground that we see the
Governor Of Alabama stand
ing In the schoolhouse door
TO bar entry.
The prophets have had
their say about the dangers
OF vanity. But the political
vanity OF the man who once
worked his way through
school, boxed in the Golden
Glove contests. and whose
prejudices are so intense he
Is willing 10 set an example
OF defiance at the highest
level In the State. is more
than shocking. II makes one
wonder. ...
The university and college
officials involved are willing
10 accept the applicants
whom they-the universities
have found qualified. That
entry OF the disputed students
could have been quietly, de-
Gently, honorably accom-
plished as was done at Glen,
son, s. c., a few short weeks
ago is undoubted.
But no. The Governor OF
the State. sworn 10 uphold
the Constitution OF the United
States, and knowing that the
Federal orders have primacy
over State courts and State
constitutions, has chosen 10
stand In the door"
One is compelled 10 wonder
what lights guide Governor
Wallace.
Evening star., 1963-05-28

Q. What is the size OF the
regulation court for the Itali-
an bowling game, Boccie
How many balls are used? {?
DID.
A. There is no regulation
court for Boccie, but so by Ia
feet seems 10 be an average
installation. This space IL
enclosed by To- or i2.ineh
wooden sides and somewhat
higher wooden ends 10 serve
as backstops. The game ia
played by teams OF one. two.
or four players. Eight balls
and one smaller Jack ball are
used Points are scored BY the
team getting It's balls closest
TO the Jack ball. which may
be thrown anywhere In the
center court.
Evening star., 1963-05-28
Secret Decision-Muking' on County PIonninq

changes, to the full planning
commission meeting that
same day.
At the commission meeting
that afternoon, Mr.. Stevens
repeated his references to the
request Of the commission
ers for adoption Of the plan
$50 that the commissioners
would have something to
hang their hat on in connec-
ton with coming" He stated
that the Prince Georges Plan
ming Board had that morn
ing agreed to recommend the
plan with the changes, and
offered to have the staff
summarize these changes for
the benefit of the Montgom-
cry County members of the
commission. This offer was
politely declined and, again
without any discussion of the
substantive proposals Of the
plan or the changes in 1t, a
motion for its adoption "as
revised" was passed without
dissent from members from
either county.
The procedure followed
with the Henson Greek plan
is similar to that followed
by the commission in adopt
ing the North Bethesda and
the White Oak plans in
Montgomery County during
the last year. Both these
plans concerned areas where
pressure was strong for
highly controversial recon-
ings 10 more intensive uses.
Public attention was focused,
and public hearings we're
held, on preliminary plans
attributed TO the technical
staff. Some months later,
however, after closed work
sessions Of It's Montgomery
members, the commission
took swift action by Lnani-
nous vote 10 adopt for these
areas plans which differed
drastically from the proposals
upon which hearing mad been
held, In particular. they rec
commended more intensive
coming for tracts on which
rezoning applications were
either already filed or known
TO be pending. There was
little or no discussion OF the
merits Of these changes at
any time, nor was the staff
point Of view discussed or
even noted except In the most
cursory way.
This procedure has a num-
Der OF attractive features for
developers and commission
members. % II avoids the
painful process OF public de-
cision-making on important.
complex, and controversial
matters. Instead. there Is
presented 10 the public a
single completed decision,
never publicly discussed, In
which vital subsidiary decis-
ions and the positions OF In
divldual members are con-
oealed In one monolithic and
anonymous lump. (2D BY
this device II becomes possi-
BILE for the commission and
the county governing bodies
Evening star., 1963-05-28
LETTERS TO THE STAR
Frontiers Wheat Control Program Throshed

My heartfelt thanks go to
all the farm families who
have so courageously DEM
onstrated their will to retain
the freedoms our ancestors
so nobly fought for. At the
risk of self-sacrificing, and
against tremendous Federal
pressure, the farmer has
helped to maintain his in
dividual dignity. He has dealt
creeping Federalism a we'll
deserved blow that we city
folks are either unwilling
or unable to do.
Secretary Freeman denied
the wheat farmer q choice
between two realistic alter
natives. Coming from a
wheat state himself, Free
man should have known bet
ter.
A gradual easing Of price
supports is the surest way to
get the Government out Of
the farming business. Federal
farm programs cost the tax
payers over $5 billion per
year. The storage of surplus
alone runs over 81 million
per day.
BY voting mo" in the re-
cent referendum, the Amer
ican farmer has protested
the unfair treatment shown
him by an entrenched bu-
reaucracy and q hostile
President. In supporting Free
mans unrealistic proposals,
President Kennedy has
shown q serious lack Of un-
derstanding regarding the
basic problems facing our
farm population.
A successful farm proprarn
Evening star., 1963-05-28

later to dispose favorably Of
whole basketfuls of contro-
versial rezonings quite pain
lessly, by piously noting
that they conform to a
plan" CD The embarrass-
ment Of a staff report un-
favorable to the individual
rezonings is avoided, since
staff policy is to recommend
favorably any rezoning which
conforms to an adopted plan.
Thus the process of ad-
vance planning becomes a
painless method Of granting
controversial rezonings - a
laughingstock instead Of
protection for the public
against arbitrary rezoning =
because Of the secrecy with
which the substantive pro-
posals Of plans are dealt
with. Efforts TO remedy this
situation during the last leg
islative session failed, a mat
ter we may all regret most
sorely when the time comes,
If 1t ever does. for adoption
OF a general plan. At that
time, we are likely to find
ourselves confronted with an
adopted plan" for the BIZ
county area In which are
concealed dozens Of subsidi-
ary decisions taken without
any opportunity for public
discussion-and without any
Individual commissioner
having to embarrass himself
by taking a public position
and without any necessary
relation 10 the proposed gen.
eral plan upon which public
hearings were held.
Recent examples Of other
actions worked out In secret
session on vitality important
subjects are worth noting.
They include the decision TO
elect as chairman OF the
commission the new full
time member from Prince
Georges. Mr.. Stevens, whose
only employment since he
left a Job on the commits
sion staff has been with the
home builders and the local
real estate board: the de-
cision 10 fire the director OF
planning. the decision 10 de-
lay action on the general
plan; and the decision 10 ap-
point ITO revamp the plan"
Donald Gingery. a developer
member from Montgomery
County who has consistently
sought 10 block work on any
meaningful plan and who
appeared at a public hearing
In Montgomery County 20
oppose the creation OF the
proposed rural zone so close
ly bound UP with the open
space proposals Of the plan.
The ratification OF most OF
these decisions by unani-
nous vote In open session
without discussion or dis
sent does not IN the least
ameliorate the evils OF Sec
ret decision making.
Ramsay Wood.
President, Montgomery
County Citizens Planning
Association.
Evening star., 1963-05-28
THE POLITICAL MILL
Race Issue in 1864 Elections
By GOULD LINCOLN

ment employment. And the
Supreme Court, with a Chief
Justice appointed by a Re-
publican President, had de-
clared segregation in public
schools unconstitutional "a
Republican President who
several years later did not
hesitate to order Federal
troops to Arkansas to see
that a Federal court order
for the integration Of public
schools in Little Rock was
carried out.
Favored Kennedy
James H. Meredith, the
Negro student at the Univer-
sity of Mississippi for whose
protection President Ken
nedy sent Federal troops into
that State, in a television
interview on MICS Meet the
Press on Sunday, stated
clearly that he considered
the Democratic national
platform in 1860 stronger
on the issue Of civil rights
than the Republican and for
that reason he favored the
election Of President Ken
nedy over former Vice Pres
ident Nixon. Instead, he said
that If Mr.. Kennedy had
not been elected 1t was
doubtful he would have
pressed for admission to
"Ole Miss"
The Republican Party SO
far has not announced can
dldates for the presidential
nomination next year. But
those who have been mem
toned as likely nominees,
including Gov. Rockefeller of
New York and Gov. Romney
Of Michigan, have made it
clear that If they should be
elected to the White House
they would use strong meas
ureS to obtain all civil rights
for the Negroes. Senator
Goldwater of Arizona, in his
book entitled THE Con-
science of a Conservative"
has stated he is in favor of
integration-for example, in
public schools-that he be-
lieves that it is both wise
and just for Negro children
to attend the same schools
as whites and that to be de-
MED this opportunity carries
with it strong implications of
inferiority. At the same time
he believes the matter of in
tegrated schools should be
left to the States, under the
Constitution. He is not i'm
pressed, he said, with the
1854 decision of the Supreme
Court.
AS of today, 1t seems GER
tain that President Kennedy
will have the support Of
Negro voters next year r
irrespective of the COP.
nominee against him-even
though he has been criticized
severely by some Negro lead
ers for not pressing hard
enough to stomp out discrim-
ination. The effect on the
white vote remains to be de-
termined.