davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-26
CUBA
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
plane as a Gas and said the
four reported one Of their en-
gines had gone out and they
were losing altitude. A search,
he said, turned up wreckage
but no bodies.
Another version Of the case
was reported in a recent issue
of the U. S. News & World
Report.
In an interview, Gonzalo
Herrer, former pilot for Guiana
Airlines who was operation Of
ficer of the invaders BPS
squadron, gave this description
of how four Americans whom
he did not name died in the
hectic hours of the invasion:
ION the last day of the bat
tie, our pilots were so exhausted
that some American instructors
volunteered to fly into combat.
They didn't have 70 do that.
1t wasn't their job. But they
volunteered.
-Four went. None came back.
The Americans rode In two
planes two in each plane. !
flew alone.
II heard one American pilot
radio that the antiaircraft fire
was hotter than any he had
gone through in Korea. Then
there was an explosion and he
was gone. o..
Then the other American pi-
lot radioed for help. He said
Please send air cover, Jets are
in the area Soon with one
engine afire, his plane fell ir
the water"
Senator Dirksen said details
OF his investigation, including
names of the four filters. will
be made public, perhaps THU
week.
Row Goes On
Meanwhile, the controversy
over the present Cuban situa'
ton continued to sputter.
The Castro governments for
NAL denial that its MICS fireC
on the United States SHRIMP
boat last week was delivered
to the State Department lat
yesterday by Czech Ambassador
Miloslav Ruzek. 1t said thu
planes were searching for two
small boats stolen from a fish
ing cooperative when the!
spotted the shrimp boat.
The MICS, said the Cubai
note. approached the shriml
boat but flew away withou
firing a shot.
The United States rejecte'
the explanation as propaeanda
United States Marine pilots
sweeping out TO check on plane
. which had been located on ra
dar. said they saw the Cubal
MICS fire rockets which cam
, within 40 yards OF the shrim
boat, the Ala. The MICS ap
I parently turned tail when the
sighted the United state
/ planes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

flee indicated 1t would accept
such Q move.
Senator'S from both parties IA
voring desegregation have disliked
the commerce clause approach,
fearing it will lead to Indignation
only Of large hotels and res
taurants while leaving small ones
untouched and unregulated.
The Fourteenth Amendment
simply says no State shall make
any law abridging privileges of
United States citizens, nor shall
any State deprive any person of
life, liberty or property without
due process Of law. -"
Whichever means Congress de-
cides upon seems Of little in
terest to Negroes, 80 long as 1t
Is done. Said Roy wilkins, ex-
ecutive secretary Of the NAACP
last week:
THE players in this drama Of
Illustration and indignity are not
commas or semicolons in q legisla-
tive thesis. They are people, hui
man beings, citizens of the United
States Of America"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
Governors:
Rocky Show

A stormy Governors Confer
ence ended in Miami Beach last
week after three days Of maneu-
verinE on civil rights. Observers
gave the outnumbered Republic
cans . propaganda victory.
The annual Governors Confer
ence, q 65-year-old tradition that
originated with Teddy Roosevelt,
has no power TO enact laws.
Although 1t can lead to major
changes, such as the conservation
policies dramatized by the first
conference back in 1908. the yearly
get-together is really q jawbone
session. Governors can debate is
sues, exchange views, and above
all. get on record II q platform
looks useful for picking up votes.
Last weeks session amid the
palm fronds and gilt Of Miamis
Hotel Deauville was no exception.
New York's Governor Nelson Rock
efeller, bent on enhancing his i'm
age as q q. o. p. liberal, offered
q resolution 10 set UP q State
Federal system for abolishing dis
elimination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

in South Africa is the white mans
by right. And he is willing to
have his white followers fight to
defend 1t If they are ever pushed
to that extreme. There is little
of the spirit Of compromise about
him.
This burning spear" Of white
supremacy in South Africa Is q
home lover. He adores his family
and is adored in return. Fishing
Is his favorite recreation. Ways
say even when fishing for relax
alton he can't keep away from
troubled waters.
He goes to bed late and gets up
early to cope with mountains Of
paper work. At social functions
he makes an impression as an az
fable and often humorous person.
He Is businessman as well aS
politician. He controls an influ-
entail group Of Africans news
papers. Fellow directors, according
to report. have learned to avoid
making hazy statements In the
presence Of this man who wants
to listen only to those sure Of
their facts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

big Toronto Stock Exc ha nge
plunged 1917 points within an
hour sharpest decline in Its his
tory.
The flow Of capital and trade
between Canada and the United
States Is massive. An estimated
40 per cent of the dollar outflow
last year went to Canada. But
that country regards the invest
ments of new capital by Ameri-
cans as vital to It's development
and its purchases Of Yankee
goods.
BY last Monday, Washington
had had some second thoughts
about the tax. The administra-
ton announced 1t would exempt
new issues of Canadian securi-
ties Ito maintain the unimpeded
flow Of trade and payments be-
tween the two countries"
Although Canada was the only
one of "a nations spared. the
agreement left Q loophole: The
President would also seek stand
by authority to exempt other
countries with fiscal problems.
Most likely candidate to line up
next behind Canada for the ia
vored treatment. observers said.
will be Japan, another big Gus
toner with q growing list Of Sc
curities attractive to American
investors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
RoyoI Commission Had Power

whole Resolutions Committee. The
80 to 16 vote was strictly on party
lines.
If the Democrats thought this
would avoid embarrassment to the
Dixie wing Of the party on the
laundering civil rights issue. 1t
was an inept miscalculation. Gag
rule" cried Mr.. Rockefeller and
his G. o. p. colleagues lost no
time picking UP the cue.
Sensing their error, Democrats
on Tuesday rammed through Q
new vote instructing another COM
mittee to give civil rights top pri-
ority in the coming year. o move
that silenced further debate.
But the damage had been done.
Events left the impression that
Republicans suddenly were the
champions Of civil rights.
The Democratic majority left
Miami with little more than sun
tan to show for q week Of effort.
In @. o. p. intramural games,
Mr.. Rockefeller also left Miami o
winner over Senator Goldwater.
Not only did the New Yorker DOM
mate headlines throughout the
conference, but he was aided by
other speakers In portraying the
Arizona conservative as o presi-
Dental candidate who win not dis
own the "lunatic" right fringe,
who may be q segregationist. who
is certainly q States Fighter.
Senator Goldwater already Is
on record against compulsory Fed
eral desegregation Of public &C
commodations. Gov. Romney Of
Michigan, another presidential
hopeful, remarked he did not
know whether Senator Goldwater
Is q segregationist and would like
an answer. He got none.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
Civil Rights:
Progress

In q week Of steady progress
on several fronts, the desegre-
CATION movement saw peace
achieved In Cambridge, Md, q
new bipartisan rights approach
In Congress, and a labor move
ment drive to accept Negroes
While the Senate Judiciary
Committees hearings on civil
rights inch ahead (some members
are mot only defending the
Southern way OF life, they are
living It," wrote The Stars Mary
McGrory), things are brisker
elsewhere.
In O week distracted by test
ban talks abroad and a rail crisis
at home, the desegregation move
ment seemed like a quiet, UNI
watched tide moving up a beach
In moonlight. In places 1t met
obstacles and stopped. But the
waterhne elsewhere Tapped for
ward, and even those opposing
1t could not deny the tides force.
The most dramatic point was
perhaps In Cambridge, Nd, where
demonstrations and violence had
occurred ever since last April. A
pact signed Tuesday called for de-
segregation Of schools, conStruc-
ton Of q public housing project
for Negroes, q new racial COM
mission and acceptance OF q char
ter amendment vote affecting
service To Negroes In restaurants.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
BY TRUMAN r. TEMPLE
Star Staff Writer

While Washington wrestles with
the railroad work rules problem,
q nightmare 1t has failed to solve
In nearly four years Of talk and
reports, Canada's rail transport Is
highballing ahead.
This issue is settled" O Cana
dian official commented In an in
terview last week. I'VE are grad
ually getting rid Of firemen on
diesel trans. The unions were not
entirely happy, but phasing out
the workers gradually cushioned
the shock"
Canada reached the crisis that
Washington Is now going through
back in January, 1857. The events
that followed might well have
offered a model for the United
States somewhere down the
line Washington was shunted
into q siding where the political
bushes grow thick.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
On Cities

Cities are q product Of time.
They are the molds in which mems
lifetimes have cooled and con-
sealed. giving lasting shape. by
way OF art, TO moments that
would otherwise vanish with the
living and leave no means or
wider participation behind them.
In the city, time becomes visible;
buildings and monuments and
public ways, more open than the
written record. more subject to
the gaze Of many men than the
scattered artifacts Of the country
side, leave an imprint upon the
minds even OF the ignorant or the
indifferent. Through the material
fact Of preservation, time chal-
lenges time. time clashes with
time; habits and values carry
over beyond the living group,
streaking with different strata Of
time the character Of any single
generation. Layer upon layer, past
times preserve themselves in the
city until life itslf Is finally
threatened with suffocation; then.
in sheer defense, modern man in
vents the museum. Lewis Num-
ford in "Ths Culture OF Cities"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
ALL q Target

The labor federation was asked
by President Kennedy at . White
House conference June IL to
establish biracial community COM
mittees In city councils, and this
will be carried out.
Few within the labor move
ment had illusions about which
unions are the segregationist die
hards. While the CLIO Industrial
groups back In the 1930s swept
in Negroes in their broad APP
proach to organize whole factories,
many old AFL craft unions have
chung to the lodge philosophy,
with It's exclusive and parochial
trappings. And whether pro-
nouncements at the top will
change their ways remains q moot
question.
But as II to set an example.
Mr.. Kennedy last week said he
will appoint q Negro, Howard
jenkins, jr., TO the National Labor
Relations Board. the first in the
boards history.
Signs Of an accommodation be-
tween Republicans and the adj
ministratioh on q new civil rights
bill came last week with O new
approach offered by Senator Ken
meth B. Heating.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
For Cunodo::
Tax Relief

The United States last week
agreed 10 modify Ito proposed
tax on purchases Of foreign
securities where Canada is af-
fected. The move, prompted BY
grave concern In Canada, sig
nailed improved relations be-
tween the two nations.
To halt the gold flow abroad.
President Kennedy two weeks ago
announced q drastic measure:
Tax all purchases Of foreign Sc
curities Is per cent, and tax debt
securities, such as bonds. up TO
that amount. depending on their
maturity period.
The loudest cries OF anguish
came not from Wall Street but
north OF the border, where the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
How Canada Solved Featherbeddinq

men were to be eased out gradu-
ally. The scheme had compassion
in 1t; Canadian Pacific figured the
program would cost more than
$3S million. extend over 10 years.
and involve transferring some en-
ployes to other Jobs.
But the CPR reckoned the
price was worth 1t all: annual
savings on diScontinuing firemen
in diesels was estimated ut 96.7
million initially, $11.6 million Q
year ultimately. Omitted States
railroads think their savings
would be around 5000 million 0
year,
The Firemen's union did not 60
down without q struggle. Realiz-
ing its very life was at stake. 1t
called another strike in May, 1858,
as the CPR layoffs began.
But public opinion was solidly
behind the CPR, and other un-
ions, unconvinced Of the firemen's
cause, crossed picket lines. The
strike collapsed after three days.
The Canadian National Railways,
CPRs Government-owned rival,
also adopted the new work rules.
and today peace reigns in Canada
on this issue.
In some ways, affairs In Wash
ington ct first paralleled the Ca
madam case. President Eisenhower
appointed q special commission,
and for IA months 1t went Ger
much Of the same ground.
Both commissions studied many
work rules, but the aspect that
drew most attention remained the
firemen. The Eisenhower Com
mission also concluded that fire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
PROFILE OF VERWOERD

regated politically, economically.
socially.
His career at the top has been
highlighted by the following major
events:
Q In 1860, white South African po-
lice opened fire on q large crowd
of African demonstrators at
Sharpeville, killing SO and injur-
ing many more, tumbling the
country into a racial crisis which
brought foreign condemnation
that has not yet abated.
. During the 1860 state Of
emergency he was the target of an
assassin's bullets. He survived the
attack to strengthen a deeply re-
ligious Afrikanerdom's belief that
providence was on their side.
. He carried out a referendum
in which the white electorate
gave him the go-ahead for con-
verting South Africa from q self
governing dominion under Queen
Elizabeth to republic.
o Unwilling to stomach mainly
Afro-Asian criticism Of his coun-
try's race policy at the 1860 Com
monwealth Conference. Mr.. YER
woerd took his young republic out
of that international community.
Some say he was kicked out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
PROFILE OF YERWoERD
The Man on Top Of South African Volcano

side Of the West in the cold war.
Mr.. Verwoerd denies political
rights to Africans in the white
government, but, recognizing the
facts Of African nationalism, he
digs his tongue deep in his cheek
and states that these aspirations
can be fulfilled by the Africans in
their own regions.
Mapping these regions, Develop
ing them, and preparing for
strictly controlled African take
over in them have been in prog
ress for many years. The National
lists are in their 18th year Of rul-
ing this country.
Air Of Professor
When Mr.. Verwoerd addresses
public rallies and explains his
grand scheme he has the air Of
a college don patiently explain
ing his system. His followers VEN
crate him and on occasion
party lieutenants have proclaimed
that he surely is "the foremost
leader Of the white race" add
ing that mankind would have had
a brighter future If only he &C.
cupied the White House in WASH
ington rather than Libertas in
Pretoria.
Behind Mr.. Verwoerd's somewhat
angelic face is a mind as sharp
as needles. Critics say that be-
cause of his inflexible adherence
to racial segregation and his
wishy-washy partial solution Of
penning Africans in their own
tribal areas, he is the most sim
lister man In Africa"
He believes that the good life
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
New Form OF II

Recently. academic scientists
have fostered q new form Of dis
traction. A man Of any stature,
according to the current vogue,
must have at least one nonpro-
fessional assistant and, II he Is O
person Of real consequence, O bat
terry Of assorted flunkeys. II O SCI
enlist Is doing routine develop
ment work or is administrative
head Of q large laboratory or de-
partment. nonprofessional help Is
essential. However. II his major
function il to perform funda-
mental research, nonprofessional
and even professional assistance
can be q drain rather than q
help. These aides may render ded-
icated service, but the price Of
this service can be destruction OF
the creative fire. To Justify their
presence and to satisfy their need
for achievement, the scientist
must keep them busy must plan
for them and direct them. Later
he must hear the details Of why
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

The New York Republican,
who has nagged the White House
on Cuban matters for q year. sug-
gested an amendment Monday
that held hope for bipartisan sup
port. II would broaden the adj
ministration ban on discrimina-
ton in public facilities by basing
1t also on the Fourteenth Amend
ment as well as the Constitu-
tons commerce clause. Two days
later, the Attorney Generals Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
THE NATIONAL SCENE

trucks at a construction project
and lay down to block move
ment. At another site, IL Negroes
and whites chained themselves
together and sat in the street.
Police had to call for wire cutters
before packing them in patrol
wagons.
Just how much impact the
maneuvers were achieving came
from Washington, where the ALL
CLIO announced last week 1t will
begin q new national campaign
against discrimination.
George Meany, president, said
1t will be directed not only against
union bias against Negroes but
as community action In all forms
employment, housing, voting,
public Accommodations and schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
Do Lab FIunkeys Hell p
The Role of Science?

Most scientists require Q stimu-
lating atmosphere to realize their
full creative capacity. The factor
Of most Importance in determine
ing q favorable environment Is
constructive interaction am ong
colleagues. Discussions can gen.
crate enthusiasm and q stream Of
sparkling ideas. In the implement
tation Of new concepts, members
Of the group can be mutually
helpful. One person may remem-
Der . relevant article in the lit
erature. Another may know Of an
applicable technique. Az research
progresses. suggestions for other
approaches may open new doors.
Az results come in. discussion Of
their validity and significance
can lead to o more rigorous ap-
proach and ultimately to addi-
tional insight.
Interaction among members Of
q research group must be con-
tinuous, with minimal intrusion
Of distracting influences. Indeed,
1t Is distractions that can most
readily quench creative fire or
prevent 1t from igniting In the
first place. One potent destructive
influence Is irritation. This can
stem from outside events, but It
is more likely to arise within the
group itself. Jealousy and gossip
can be effective poisons, and one
trouble maker can ruin the spirit
Of laboratory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
ROised the Sofety Issue

As both countries have aban.
doned the steam buffers in favor
o. the more economical diesels,
the need for q man In the cab to
shovel coal vanished. Foreseeing
this, the Brotherhood Of Locomo-
tive Firemen began stressing his
Importance to safety. Manage.
ment disagreed.
BY 1856 the railroads in this
country and Canada told the
brotherhood that the old diesel
rule would be changed to exclude
firemen in some services. Most
lines later backed away. however,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
Trouble in New York

It appeared to be q personal
victory for Attorney General
Robert F. Kennedy. who had
brought his now-famous pressure
to bear on the Negro leaders.
Authorities had become alarmed
q week ago because even the
presence Of some 900 National
Guardsmen with bayonets seemed
unable 10 halt disturbances.
The picketing continued else
where, chiefly In the New York
area, where 1t assumed novel
forms. In Brooklyn, demonstra-
tors darted In front OF arriving
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
In Good Old Duy,

I was privileged to be o grad
uate student in Berkeley during
the late l930s when nuclear re-
search was the big frontier In
science and the Radiation Lab
oratory was one OF the most ex-.
citing places In the world. The
staff Of the laboratory consisted
almost entirely Of pre- and post
doctoral fellows and totaled about
rs. There were no secretaries 10
answer the telephone or make
coffee. A machinist fabricated
some parts for apparatus. but al
most all the experimental equip
ment was made by the fellows,
They also took care Of the opera
ton and repair of the cyclotron.
In this purely professional atmos-
phere there was intense concen-
tration on physics. Although the
staff dncluding Professor Law
rence) performed what now would
be regarded 90 mental Jobs, their
conversation ut such times was
largely about research. I
In today's academic world
many tasks are performed by
technicians, and supposedly the
scientists are free to do higher
things. It doesn't work out that
way. In practice. scientists spend
much OF their time being the
equivalent Of straw bosses in q
factory. These days 1t Is easy for
q promising young scientist TO
surround himself with pairs Of
hands, but he should ask. "Is u
worth while7"-P. H. A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
By HENRI JONKER

JOHANNESBURG. - South AZ
RIGA is potentially the worlds hot
test racial cauldron.
And Of those stirring the brew,
one with the biggest spoon has the
face Of a cherubim - Hendrix
Fresch Verwoerd. But critics say
so far as Africans are concerned,
he has heart of flint.
South Africa's Prime Minister d.
reefs a very explosive experiment
in the worlds foremost racial lab
oratory. The conformation of diff
ferent races and colors is nowhere
as acute as in this country. Each
of the white and non-white
groups is too large to be absorbed
or pushed out by the other.
The man with the greatest
power for good or evil In this
situation is the Prime Minister.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
Continued From Page B-1

Continued From Page B-1
alive Francis E. Waiter Of Pennsyl-
varia q conservative Democrat,
ruled the Joint Committee on I'm
migration. With Mr.. Walter gone,
the administration bill will have
q fighting chance Of clearing the
committee for q floor vote in the
House. Its chances in the Senate
are considered good.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
The Women Behind the Mon

One astute commentator has
said that behind "the brain" Of
the all-white government IL the
brain Of his wren-neat wife who
"ceaselessly strengthens his con-
viction that the National Party Ia
the political ark Of the tabernacle
Of the Lord"
Elizabeth Schoombee and Hen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28

dirk Verwoerd have seven children.
Like most Afrikaner women, she
Is q devoted mother. She boasts
that no servants hands, black or
white. have ever been allowed to
battle any Of her children. THAT
is q mothers duty" she insists.
Mr.. Verwoerd met Betsy" in
his university days ct Stellen-
bosch, at o time when his future
was still undecided. He had
thoughts Of following his Calvin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-28
A Political Issue Here

This IL an editorial In Sci
ence, the magazine Of the Amer
lean Association for the Ad-
vancement Of Science. II Il BY
the editor Of the magazine,
Philip H. Abelson.