davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
DAVID LAWRENCE
Retail Business Faces Chaos

merely an excuse and that he
was motivated by local Gus
TOMS"
From the standpoint Of
those who want to see in
dividual rights preserved -
which means the right Of
every private business to use
its own judgment, even II it
be Observation-Disclosures choice
ahead may be between an ac-
ceptance of Federal authority
or the expense and worry of
politically generated law
suits.
But it is being argued by
some members Of Congress
that interstate commerce in
its total dollar amount will
be expanded If there is no
racial discrimination. Will the
total number of customers,
however. suddenly increase?
Will Negroes eat more than
before2 Rather, it is as easy
to speculate that many res
taurants will be hurt, and no
small part of the damage
will be inflicted upon those
who now cater primarily to
the Negro trade.
If the Negroes desert their
own restaurants, the Negro
owners will have less BUSH
ness. Similarly, the white
owner who caters to an Elm
tegrated" group Of customers
may find that he Is gradu-
ally losing the trade Of those
white persons who may de-
eide to patronize private
clubs more than before or
organize new clubs. Which,
ever way the subject is
viewed, there is likely to be
an economic impact due to
shifting customers in the
restaurant business.
The biggest effect Of all,
however, inevitably will come
in the field of employment.
If white persons lose their
jobs in factories and Negroes
are employed instead, Ill
feeling will result.
Irrespective Of the merits
of the current controversy.
many a member Of Congress
who votes for a system Of en-
ployment that could mean
regulation of promotions or
salary claSsifications by Gov
eminent edict is bound to
encounter a new wave Of pro-
test in the next election. It
could make deep inroads in
side both parties and fur
nish a real surprise.
(Copyright, 1868,
New York Herald Tribune, Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08

1t made sense. These
Johnnys Cor Yanks) were to
be killed, and it's hard to kill
without the help Of passion.
So the stories Of brutality
and treachery passed around
the camp-fires and in the
heat Of battle you ripped at
the paper cartridges with
your teeth and yelled as you
jabbed and slashed with your
bayonet. War is not a judi
cious thing. Let the unborn
sit in judgment.
And 100 years later the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
Strike Ends in Guiana,
But Race Riots Go On

gan's labor bill. Unions
charged it would give him dc
tatorial control over union af-
fairs. The legislative assembly
adjourned last month without
acting on the bill.
But the labor agreement is
not expected TO ease the ra-
cial tensions. East Indians
have a majority in the popu-
lation OF 100000 in this Brit
ish South American colony
and control the government,
Negroes are dominant in the
capital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
De GuuIIe Alone Doubts u. S. Pledge
On the Defense of Western Europe

unknown President in the
vague future.
This long-distance suspi-
cion is the enemy of NATO
and the source of its present
confusion. To the extent
that France has placed her
national suspicion ahead of
her reliance on shared secu-
rity, the responsibility for the
deterioration in the alliance
rests squarely on the French
government.
President de Gaulle's
spokesman would never have
Numbered into his random
accusation Of contingent be-
trayal if he had been familiar
with the debate in the Senate
on the NATO treaty.
A leading figure in that
debate was the late John
Foster Dulles who was serv-
ing an interim period as
Senator. The di sous 81 on
turned on Article Five which
makes an unprovoked attack
on any one member, an at
tack on every NATO coun-
try.
Did this mean that New
York should be exposed to
attack if Copenhagen were
under assault? Should Wash
ington follow Paris into the
nuclear peril?
These questions did not
await the French spokesman
who tried to discredit Presi-
dent Kennedy'S trip. They
were asked in the Senate be-
fore the NATO treaty ever
was ratified, and they were
answered clearly and de-
cisively.
In his effort to win in
dorsement of the treaty by
a large majority, Mr.. Dulles
at one point suggested that
Article Five contained a
margin of discretion which
allowed Americas response
to be conditioned by the ma
ture of the attack on our
European allies.
The late Senator Robert
Taft, who was critical of this
provision in the treaty, OBJ
jected to any attempt to di-
lutte Americas obligations.
He wanted these duties to be
defined with stark precision,
so the American people would
know exactly what they had
to do in the day of danger
and fulfillment. Nor did he
have any fear that the
United States would dishonor
a treaty which it had volun-
tarily approved.
Mr.. Dulles, of course, like
the other supporters of the
treaty, was eager to have the
debate continued with the
full obligations of the NATO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
JENKIN LLOYD JONES
18th of July 100 Years Ago

opening of the Mississippi,
the enforcement of the West
from the Confederacy. Be-
cause this happened at the
very moment Lee began his
retreat in Pennsylvania we
call it a turning point" 1t
Is easy to chart the turnings
of the road from the emin-
ence of time.
But on that Fourth Of July
there was little Joy in the
Sixth Wisconsin Battery. For
on the day before, when the
surrender negotiations were
getting underway-well, let
17-year-old private in the
Battery describe it in his
diary:
after the flag had ap-
peared on the left and the
firing had ceased on both
sides, and the men careleSsly
exposed themselves, a mis-
creant, yes, a brute in hui
man form, took one life when
under other circumstances he
would have failed.
"Alvah B. Page, gunner OF
the second piece, was shot
in the left ear while sitting
on the piece, instantly kill
ing a noble life and one Of
the best shots in the battery.
His last words were the hope
full ones I guess they are
gone up
HE lived to sight the last
gun fired at the enemy's
stronghold. A siege gun was
to be given him the very
morning he was buried in a
soldiers grave, 2 pm"
The diary-keeper was my
grandfather.
In the great stream Of his
tory we can easily see how
insignificant Gunner Page
really was. He is one in the
orderly ranks Of crosses in
the Vicksburg Military Gene
terry. His comrades are all
gone. The parents who
mourned him, the brothers
and sisters are gone, too.
The old casualty lists have
lost the quality Of flesh and
blood. They have returned
to the dust Of names and
numbers. We cannot under
stand the white-hot anger Of
the young artilleryman from
Wisconsin whose day Of VIC
tory 100 years ago was ruined
by the passing Of a name,
the elimination of q blurred.
grinning face in a tintype
taken at Memphis.
We know there were mis-
creants on both sides, brutes
and towards and noblemen
and heroes. From the alti-
tude Of q century we enjoy
looking down on the old bat
tlefields and playing the
game Of "might-have-been."
But the hate of those distant
hours seems strange and I'M
real.
Yet in the worm's-eye view
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08

An era Of confusion, If not
chaos, in the retail business
in America seems to be on
the way due to an unprece-
dented stretching of the law
making power such as is
being proposed by Congress
without the support of a
single Supreme Court deci-
sion.
For Congress is being
urged by the administration
to yield, in effect, to a stam-
pede of street "demonStra-
tions" and pass a law which
creates virtually a Federal
dictatorship over the rela-
tons of private business and
its customers.
The legislation recon-
mended by President Ken
nedy and his brother, the
Attorney General, is osten-
sibly directed at racial dis
elimination. They deem it
constitutional, even though
the Supreme Court has never
ruled that the Federal gov
eminent could expand the
interstate commerce clause
to cover control over who
may or may not be served
in business.
1t might mean that, by
using the executive order de-
vice and relating it to the
racial problem, the Federal
government will also feel
authorized to regulate who
shall or shall not be given
a job and whether promotions
are being made to suit the
wishes of the administration
in power. 1t could mean also
that the Federal govern
ment, as well as the States,
would assume the right to
use the granting or with
holding of licenses as a
method of opposing alleged
racial discrimination. 1t could
mean, too, that Federal au-
thority would be exercised to
interfere with what are called
equitable wage or salary
scales for particular CLASH
fications Of jobs.
While labor unions at pres
ent fix hours and wages, they
do so by a Joint contract with
the employer, who has the
right-without penalty of law
to refrain from entering
into any contract he does not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08

GEORGETOWN, British
Guiana, July 8 (AP).-Workers
began returning to their Jobs
today after the end of a costly
ll-week general strike, but ap-
peals for an end to racial riot
ing went unheeded.
Two East Indians were
killed and two other rioters
seriously wounded in a battle
Saturday night between East
Indians and Negroes in George
town. British Coldstream
Guards, flown in from Britain
recently to maintain order,
fired into the mob after their
warnings were ignored.
The unchecked racial vio-
lence Of the last week has re-
suited in 8 dead, more than 20
injured and about so arrested.
Shortly after signing a 10
point strike settlement Satur-
day night with Guiana union
leaders, Prime Minister Cheddi
Jagan appealed for racial peace.
I'VE must reunite and rebuild
British Guiana" he said.
The strike cost the govern
ment 81 S million in budget rev.
enues. Nearly 81 million in
wages was lost.
The accord stipulated that
future labor legislation would
not be introduced without con-
sulting the unions. The strike
was called to protest DR.. ia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
Gettysburg and Vicksburg Recalled;
Experts Like 'Might-Hove-Been' Game

IF Ewell had pressed the
attack on the first day
Good God! He still had
four hours of daylight"
IF Warren hadn't discov-
cred the Importance of Little
Round Top in the nick Of
time"
eff Lee hadn't ordered the
frontal assault"
IF Meade had pursued
quickly and sealed the river
crossings"
It's all easy to say now.
We have the birds eye view.
We move the tin soldiers
here and there on the sand
table. We know how it was
and how it could have been.
But the worm's-eye view
was different. Tired men.
Men with inadequate maps.
Men who could only guess the
strength of the smudged
lines Of gray and blue lying
along the fence rails. Frag-
mentary news from the dis
tant, waving signal flags.
Garbled reports from the
GREATNESS couriers on their
lathered horses. This is the
way history is made.
At the moment the rain
began falling on Gettysburg
the sun was shining at Vicks-
burg, Mississippi. Just before
noon Pemberton's army
marched out of its fortifica-
tions, stacked its arms, and,
while the Union bands joy
fully played Hail. Column
bia," 81 800 Confederates sur
rendered themselves and the
town.
With our bird's-eye view
we understand the signifi-
canoe Of Vicksburg. 1t was
the double-whammy - the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08

BY midday 100 years ago
last Thursday, the outcome
of the American Civil War
had been decided.
At noon on July 4, 1868, a
drenching rain swept the
green hills around Gettys-
burg, Pa. It washed the open
mouths of Pickett's dead on
the gentle slopes of Gene
terry Ridge. 1t blanketed
with a gray haze the view
from the hastily-erected
Union lookout towers. And
then in muck and agony and
disappointment the Army of
Northern Virginia began to
move backward.
First, it was only the am
Misunderstanding, SpringleSs
wagons filled with moaning
or screaming men who
begged the drivers to leave
them by the roadside. Then
in the dripping dusk the
columns crawled away-the
first corps under Longstreet,
the second under Ewell, the
third under A. P. Hill.
And in the midst rode a
pensive man with a white
beard and an erect bearing,
a man who had rarely moved
this way before but who
would retreat often now.
The road to Cashtown and
the fords Of the Potomac
was also the road to Apo
mattox. Robert E. Lee was
going home.
The historians and the
West Point professors and
Ike Eisenhower and winston
Churchill and the battlefield
guides and all the rest who
have since become experts
on Gettysburg can see 1t all
now. With the omniscience
Of 100 years they say:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
MAX FRIEDMAN
Frances Role in NATO

commitment clearly visible to
every member of the Senate.
1t was after this kind Of de-
bate that the Senate gave its
approval by a huge majority
to the treaty.
The obligations of NATO
are reciprocal and mutual.
No spokesman Of the Ken
nedy Administration has cast
doubt on the courage and
willingness Of France to carry
out its obligations years from
now If there ever is a COM
munist attack. Why should
France spread these sus-
picions about the integrity
and reliability Of America?
The NATO treaty runs for
20 years and can be renewed
before it expires in 1869. II
France wants still clearer
obligations written into the
treaty, she can ask for them;
and If they are useful they
will be accepted. That is the
way to strengthen NATO-
and it is very different from
engaging in transatlantic
Slurs against this country.
From 1949 to President
Kennedy's re-affirmation Of
American policy in Europe,
there has never been the
slightest doubt that NATO
can be used only for defensive
purposes. It can never be
invoked by West Germany to
satisfy her own national
ambitions. 1t can never be
used to end the partition Of
Germany, unity all Of Berlin,
and recover the lost German
provinces now under Com
munist control. That en-
during fact is as clear to
Bonn as it is Washington,
and as 1t should be in Paris.
AS this discussion goes on
it will become increasingly
hard to convince a majority
of Americans that France
has the best policies for
Western Europe and that
PreSid en- t Kennedy should
defer to President de Gaulle
on these supreme matters.
q 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08

The State Department,
since President Kennedy's
return from Europe, has re-
ceived enough reports to show
that France stands virtually
alone in doubling the dura-
bility of Americas commit
ment to the defense of West
ern Europe.
The issue arose when a
spokesman for President de
Gaulle said France had faith
in President Kennedy, but
no one could know what a
later President would do if
Europe's cities were under
nuclear attack.
This criticism, as the Euro
pean reports make very clear,
is widely resented as an at
tack on the fundamental
principles of the NATO COM
munity. American officials
point out that the French
government in taking this
stand is guilty of bad logic
and bad history.
When the NATO treaty was
signed in April, 1949, it was
already apparent that the
United Nations could not be
relied upon by itself to pro-
tect world peace. The world
organization needed the
strength of regional group
ings among free nations able
to act without the threat of a
Russian veto. Events since
1949 have confirmed the
prophetic wisdom of Presi-
dent Truman and Mr.. Ache
son in seeking the NATO
treaty.
Mr.. Kennedy was not even
in the Senate when it de-
bated and confirmed this
treaty. Yet he has repeated
NATO'S basic pledge with
an emphasis and solemnity
never surpassed by Mr.. Tru-
man himself.
The obligations of NATO
have been regarded by the
United States as national
obligations. They do not de-
pend upon the character or
temperament or ambitions
of any particular President.
On its record, the United
States deserves to be trusted
when 1t says it will go to the
defense of Europe in fulfill
ment of a treaty long debated
by the American people and
ratified by their conStitu-
tional processes.
In defiance of this ex-
perience, and with nothing
but its own prejudices as
evidence, the French govern
ment causes trouble for the
Kennedy Administration as
it speculates on the posi-
bilities Of betrayal by some
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
Kennedy Racial Plan Considered
Pretext for Federal Dictatorship

like. He may choose union
or nonunion employees, but
it is his decision. With the
racial problem as 1t leverage,
Federal control of employ
ment practices becomes a
powerful instrument of ma
tional politics.
If the proposed law on
public accommodations"
moreover, is held valid by the
Supreme Court, there is no
end to the powers that could
be exercised on the mere
pretext that it affects" in
terstate commerce. The Con-
stitution, of course, speaks
only of the power of Con-
gress to regulate" interstate
commencement the behavior
Of persons or their rights to
select their own customers.
If 1t be conceded that all
men are created equal and
are presumably to be given
equal opportunity to earn
equal compensation when
they do the same work, then
a standardized system anal
ogous to that which prevails
under communism can be as
logically applied by the Gov
eminent here by merely in
voking the doctrine of equal
pay for equal work" The
private-enterprise system
would thereupon be materi-
ally changed. A political adj
ministration then becomes the
judge of efficiency.
Meantime, what Is begin
ming to bother many small
business people, especially
restaurant owners, is that the
moment they open their doors
to all kinds of customers,
they begin to lose patronage.
They know that, If they
allowed white persons, for
instance, in dirty clothing
and of disheveled appearance
to frequent their restaurants,
other customers would stay
away. Yet, if a Negro dressed
in the same way should be
refused a seat in the restau-
rant among white customers,
the owner could be threatened
with Federal punishment.
Even if the owner argued that
he was not discriminating on
the basis of race but because
of the personal appearance
of some of his customers, he
cannot be sure the Supreme
Court will not say this is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Health bulletin: JFKs 50mile hike didn't take so well
in cold weather but that it's hot everybody and his
brother are out in the streets demonstrating.
The draftGodwaer committee its aim is to create
"a vision Of victory" for the Democrats that's
no vision, man. That's nightmare
The sleeping porters threaten to strike They want
more pay to make up those featherbeds.
The right-wng doesn't say much about civil rights
apparently the theory that you don't to be civil to
be right.
The office boy there's nuclear attack he's going
to jump under the wasebasket Nobody the has been
able to hit it in 20 years
The Government says unemployment increased in
June, chiefly teen-agers One kid complains he pored
the help wanted ads for a week-and didn't see
single opening for president chairman the board
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-08
ADVERTISEMENT


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time to have your watch fixed
Estimate free while you wait
Ernest Burk. Inc, 614 18th st
NV. between F and G SITS
Next to First Federal. Our only
store. el96I
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-11
H.PL Studen mt Does
Pratice Teaching Here

KEYSVILLE, Jaifs 10 - Jack
Walker. a student at VPI from
Accomack,' arrived at Kent
wood" on Monday where he will
make his home for the next two
and One-half months while he is
doing his practice teaching in
the shop at Randolph Henry High
School under the supervision of
l.. A. Startling.
Mrs. George Wilson, georgia
Wilson, Jr., and Mr.. and Mrs.
Jimmy Wilson and small son,
Michael. all Of Richmond, visit
ed friends here on Sunday.
The Wesleyan Service Guild
met with Mrs. H. H. Hammer,
Jr., on Tuesday evening.
H. R. Pettus. Of Richmond,
visited his brothers, Lewis and
Richard Pettus, one day last
week.
Mrs. Zillah H. Shafer and Miss
Betty H. Upton attended the
AAUW luncheon at the tearoom
at LongWood College, Farmville
Tuesday.
Mr. and Mrs. Jud Conifix, Jr.,
OF Richmond. were week end
guests of her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Guy Keeling.
Mrs. Laura B. Haley, of On
tallo, is visiting her son-in-law
and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. 4.
F. Hoffman. in South Boston for
several months.
The Tuesday evening bridge
club met last week with Mrs. w.
G. Ward, Jr.
Mrs. Mercer o. Clark shopped
III Richmond, Saturday.
Roy Newcomb celebrated Ills
seventh birthday with a party,
recently.
Dinner Guests
Dinner guests on Sunday OF
Mr.. and Mrs L. E. Gryder were
Mr.. and Mrs R. G. Gryder and
infant son, Ray. II, of Peters
burg; Mr.. and Mrs. o. N. Mat
theWs and son, Tommy. of Ap-
pomattox, and Mr.. and Mrs. @.
F. Duffey and daughter, Lois.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gene Johns and
daughter, Ruth, Of Victoria,
visited his aunt, Mrs. D. S.
Gauldine, Sunday.
The Women Of the Church met
with Mrs. w. B. Lyle on Tues
day evening.
Mrs. Floyd Gee returned to
the Keysville Hotel, where she
makes her home. on Sunday
after spending several weeks
visiting relatives in B Wiling
Green and Richmond.
The Hi Low" bridge club
met with Mrs, Ben Fox, last
Wednesday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. E. Gryder en-
tertalned at their home, Merry
Oaks, at a dinner party on Fri
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-11
Hall Is Reelected Board Chairman

BUCKINGHAM, Jan. 10 -
Thomas B. Hall, Sr., was re
elected chairman of the Bucking.
ham County Board Of Super
visors for 1868 at their regular
meeting this week.
Mark SwitZer is home from
the Martha Jefferson Hospital,
Charlottesville, recovering from
an operation which he under
went last Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. L. Harris,
Charles Harris, Jr., and Mrs. r.
Paige, in Benson, N. C.
The Rev. and Mrs. S. C. Owen
were week end visitors Of his
brother and slster-in-law, Mr..
and Mrs. Rio Owen. in Brook
neal. The Rev. Owen was also
guest minister in the pulpit of
the Brookneal Baptist Church at
the Sunday morning service.
The Woman's Society Of Chris
tan Service met with Mrs. P.
F. Garland, Thursday evening
Mrs. G. o. Pettus, Jr., was all
overnight guest of her brother
law and sister-in-law, Mr.. and
Mrs. L. W. Roberts, at Brock
Springs. Ashland, Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Robert And
erson, of Richmond, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Otis Barnes and Mr.. and
Mrs. Richard Barnes, all of
Raleigh, N. c., visited Messrs.
Barnes cousin, Mrs. Charles w
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-01-11

/ Day, The hlghlight of the day
was the call that came from her
daughter. Mrs. Robert Wagner,
OF Tucson, Ariz.. who called to
wish her mother a happy birth
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Marshall Smith,
of Cumberland, and Roger
Speas. of Richmond, were recent
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence
Speas.
Mrs. Donald Duncan has re-
turned to her home in Albu-
querque, NJ NJ, after visit Of
two weeks with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Phillip Lowell, of Dill
Wyn.
Mrs. Lewis Daniel and daugh-
tiers. Cheryl and Betsy. sp IN t
several days last week in Rich
mond, visiting friends and rela-
tives.
Mr.. and Mrs. Pete Gown, of
Keysville, were visitors of her
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. j. B.
Wood.
Miss Shelby Wright spent the
week end with her brother-in-
law and sister, Mr.. and Mrs.
David Cobb.
Buckingham Central High
School boys and girls will play
Brunswick this Friday night at
the school. Game will start at Z
pm.
Mrs. Mary Rosen and family
are living in the James Davis
home at the courthouse.