davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Almond Confirmed

The Senate did good days work
when, without fuss or fireworks, it voted
the other day to confirm the nomination
Of Lindsay Almond to be judge Of the
United States Court Of Customs and
Patent Appeals.
Judge Almond has been serving on
that bench long enough, without con-
firmation, to demonstrate that he is
eminently qualified for the post. The
only real doubt turned on the attitude
of Virginia's Senator Byrd. After years
as political allies he and Judge Almond,
then Governor of Virginia, came to the
parting Of the ways in the bitter fight
over the best means of dealing with
school desegregation in the State. 1t
had been feared that Senator Byrd
might take revenge by blocking confir-
nation, which he easily could have
done. But he didn't do it, and is to be
commended for not doing it.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Frozen Out Aquin

Having twice decided tentatively
to add the District of Columbia for the
first time to the national program Of
aid to Federally-impacted areas, the
House ducation Committee disappoint-
ingly has reversed these decisions in
its final version of the bill by close
15-to-11 vote. At least one member
has promised to fight for restoration
Of the District provision on the House
floor, however, and similar effort Is
expected in the Senate. We trust both
will prove successful.
While the city's general revenue
picture is still uncertain, there is not
likely to be enough money even to
approach adequate provision for our
school needs. The "a million or so which
would accrue from this additional
source would be great help. But an
even stronger argument for the Dis
trict is the fact that its exclusion in
the past has been discriminatory and
arbitrary. For as long time as Con-
gress sees fit to continue this form
of Federal subsidy, the District deserves
to be included along with other major
cities as a matter Of simple equity.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
A Yeast at Work

One can feel 1t in the marrow Of
the bones. There Is yeast at work in
the world. The old order changeth. The
verities of yesterday particularly the
verities Of the cold war-are no longer
as unaSsailable as they once seemed to
be. Now we have to reckon with the fact
that the Kremlin may not be irretriev-
ably bad, that its portentouS clash with
the Chinese Communists may be beyond
settlement, and that it may therefore
be sincerely intent upon seeking a rap
prochement with the West, meaning
especially the United States.
1t is against this background that
our Government must Judge the speech
delivered the other day by Soviet Pre-
mier KhruShchev in East Berlin. Pres
ident Kennedy, according to Pierre Sal
niger, regards the event as "a matter of
importance"-s much so that he has
decided to celebrate the Fourth of July
not by holidaying, but by studying Mr..
Khrushchev'S text "and other informa-
ton" If these words mean anything at
all, they mean that the White House
has reason to feel-perhapS on the
basis of special message from Moscow
via Ambassador Kohler, who met with
Mr.. Kennedy in West Germany-that
the atmosphere is ripe for detente
of sorts, or possibly for something even
better, between East and West.
In any case, Mr.. Khrushchev ap-
pears to have moved significantly to-
ward accepting our American view that
the cold war might be considerably
abated with an agreement banning all
nuclear tests except the hard-to-detect
underground ones Although the matter
is still somewhat murky, he seems to
have conditioned such an agreement on
the Vests acceptance Of his call for
aggression pact between the So
called Warsaw powers (the Kremlin and
its East European satelliteS) and the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
In the past we have viewed this
proposal with suspicion, largely because
East Germany is Warsaw Pact mem
Der. If we signed such treaty it might
imply recognition of East Germany.
This is, of course, point to be con-
Sidered. 1t may be, however, that 1t
should not be for us controlling factor,
in the light of all the circumstances
existing today.
A decision on a non aggression
treaty, Of course, would be up to all
NATO. SO far as the United States is
concerned, the point seems to be that
this is not the moment to close any
doors.
1t is interesting to remember that
as far back as 1856, winston Churchill
suggested that it might be splendid
thing for the world If the Soviet Union
and its puppet Warsaw allies merged
with NATO. AS he said, it conceivably
could promote international unity on
vast scale, thus avoiding the unity
of ashes and death" that might other
wise result from armed conflict between
the blocs that oppose each other now.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
By the Numbers

"Tell me not, in mournful numbers"
sang the poet, Life is but an empty
dream" Mournful indeedl Little did
H. w. Longfellow know, 125 years ago,
how mournful numbers can get.
Probably the worst he had to deal
with was metrical feet, juggling act
at which he was rather good. But we
doubt whether he would have had the
patience, time or disposition to versify
in today's mechanical, atomized and,
perhaps saddest of all, numberized
world.
The thing about 1t is, the digits
keep multiplying all around us until 1t
seems that, some day, our world will
be one giant googol, and instead Of
gamma rays or fallout, we will be done
in by an Einsteinian formula.
But the nightmare is real enough
right now. Take a look through your
wallet or purse If you doubt 1t. Find
that Social Security number - some
thing like 443-07- 1901? Hang on to It;
II you are lucky, 1t will come in handy.
And be extra careful with the Group
disqualification (262661 -6997-14). You
surely know your car tag number (843-
62-H2R). And only dope would fail
to recognize his own bank Identification
number 1852 80 969). That chain store
number, good for cashing checks, is
84,688, remember2 II you want to
play 1t safe you have memorized your
insurance file number (G U ala 2951)
and policy number wv 4142951). Better
ncr forget the old Army serial number
either (36727784).
You have all that straight Okay.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Peter, Paul and Puerto Rico

In a recent letter to The
Star, my distinguished coll
league, Congressman Clar-
ence D. Long, reiterated his
proposal for a reversal Of the
policies In existence since the
United States acquired sover-
eignity over Puerto Rico in
1891. The United States has
never taxed the Puerto Rican
people. AS Mr.. Long ex-
presses 1t, "the Puerto Rican
people should assume the
role Of dues-paying members
Of the Nation"
The following observations
may be pertinent.
The treaty with Spain
(1899) did not incorporate
Puerto Rico into the United
States. The citizens of Puerto
Rico were declared in 1917
to be citizens Of the United
States, but the United States
Supreme Court decided in
1922 that such declaration Of
citizenship did not incorpo-
rate Puerto Rico into the
United States. Consequently,
in order for the Puerto Rican
people to enjoy the political
rights Of their citizenship,
they must establish residence
In the United States. AS long
as they remain in Puerto
Rico, they do not participate
in the national political life,
although they are subject TO
Federal law. except United
States tax laws.
The Puerto Rican people
are organized into. a COM
monwealth under a constitu-
ton of their own adoption.
The Commonwealth is self
governing in all internal
matters. The ties Of Puerto
Rico to the United States
now derive not only from the
Treaty of Paris, but also from
the terms Of Public Law 600,
81st Congress, pursuant TO
which the people Of Puerto
Rico were enabled politically
to organize themselves. AS
expressed In its own Ian
guage, such law was enacted
''in the nature Of a compact"
In order to become effective,
1t had TO be accepted by the
people Of Puerto Rico In a
referendum, as 1t was. Thus,
the compact was completed.
While the Puerto Rican
people are not called upon to
pay taxes for the support Of
the United States Govern
ment, they support their
Commonwealth government
under their own tax laws.
The tax system and rates Of
Puerto Rico are comparable
to those Of the United States.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Our independence

The war began in evaporation with
the British Crown. The effort, at first,
was to protest in arms the usurpation by
the Crown of the diStinctively British
rights of the British colonistS along this
seaboard. Reason having failed, the
put-upon colonistS took arms to prevent
the enforcement of unjust laws and
thus, hopefully, to recall the British
sovereign to his obligations.
There were armed encounters at
Boston, at Lexington, at Ticonderoga,
at Charleston, s. C. The war, as we
would say today, eScalated into wide
spread open rebellion under the central
direction of Washington.
The idea behind the war escalated,
too. The original questions Of trade and
taxation quickly opened discussion of
fundamental issues Of government and
politics. At the initiative Of the Vir-
ginia delegation the Continental Con-
greSS found itself declaring, on the
Fourth of July, 1776, that "these United
Colonies are, and of Right ought to be
Free and Independent States"
But impassioned logic took Jeffer-
son beyond even independence, and the
Congress followed him. The case against
George III is constructed with lawyers
care and with "a decent respect to the
opinions Of mankind" But preceding
the recital of the "long train Of abuses
and uSurpationS" Jefferson the philoS-
opher inscribed his major premise, the
nnIR a,,,dnv,k %~,,fke GtIaaf oIl WAN ora
created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable
Rights, that among these are Life, Lib
ierty and the pursuit of Happiness
THAT to secure these right, Governments
are instituted among Men, deriving their
sjust powers from the consent Of the
: governed"
. In the history Of mankind that
statement of the purpose Of government
is profoundly revolutionary. 1t is the
basis Of the continuing revolution that
is American history. The Constitution
itself takes form from that statement
of purpose. Even before the Constitu-
ton, the new Government pledged its
allegiance to the new principles by its
provision that the new lands in the West
could make themselves States and join
the Union as equals.
Thus from the very beginning each
generation Of Americans has accepted
the duty Of preserving and extending
the JefferSonian revolution, Of learning
anew and making newly real the full
meaning Of the Virginian'S thought. In
our time, and indeed this very summer,
the irresistible logic of Jefferson the
American has arrived at civil rights.
The time is here for modern-day Amer
leans to subscribe in full to Jefferson's
first principle, "that all men are created
equal"
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Red Rift

If there Is any rejoicing on
this side Of the Atlantic as q
result Of the Red China
Soviet Union feud, it viii
probably prove premature.
The two Communist giants
have had squabbles and mis-
understandings before, but
usually managed to patch up
their differences and then
presented us with a stronger
and more determined agenda.
It would be wishful think
ing to envision anything less
than complete agreement be-
tween themselves, and q
powerful blast at the United
States at the termination Of
their July 5 meeting.
Herbert SOmmers.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Free Blood Insurance

In these days of increasing
costs on all sides, it was most
interesting to read william
Grigg's series of articles on
'"The High Cost of HEALTH"
particularly his suggestions
about ways to protect ones
family. The Star is to be
commended for giving the
public this valuable informa-
ton.
In MIR. Grigg's final article,
he recommended that the
head Of q family, after hav-
ing taken out the best health
insurance coverage available
to him, should also "give
blood to the Red Cross so
your family will qualify for
free blood when needed.
Otherwise, blood transfusions
can be enormously expensive
and your insurance may not
cover the cost"
Under the Red Cross Blood
Program, whenever blood is
needed, there are no liInita-
tions as to quantity and no
exceptions as to the nature Of
an illness. BY the simple ex-
pedient Of donating one pint
of blood to the Red Cross,
any person may protect him
self and members Of his i'm
mediate family Chis or her
spouse, children under 18
years Of age, parents, and
parents-in-law) against any
possible need for blood they
may have during the next IL
months. This, in effect, is a
very valuable "free blood In
surance policy"
In addition to individual
donor coverage, a group plan
provides that when blood has
been donated by 20 per cent
of an organized donor group,
such as a group of employees,
club or fraternal organiza-
tion, blood needs will be COW
cred for members of the en-
tire group and their immedi-
ate families. as outlined
above.
The process Of donating
blood is simple, brief, and
Evening star., 1963-07-04

War, Second World War and
the Korean episode.)
Cd puerto Rico is eligible
to grants-in-aid received by
each Of the States"
Congress has been gener-
GUS in extending grants-in-
aid laws to Puerto Rico. This
action Of Congress Is a sort
of little Marshall Plan or
Alliance for Progress for
Puerto Rico. Given the ties
Of Puerto Rico with the
United States. it is hardly
surprising that it be so. How
ever. the people Of Puerto
Rico do not believe that they
have a legal claim to this aid.
That grants-in-aid be given
depends exclusively on the
decisions Of Congress.)
O line people OF the
States pay taxes both to the
Federal Government and the
State governments"
If the people Of Puerto
Rico paid taxes to the Fed
eral Government, the taxes
now paid to the Common
wealth government would
have to be greatly reduced.
The Commonwealth govern
ment would be deprived Of
badly needed revenues to
carry out its functions. The
well-to-do In Puerto Rico
might not care TO whom they
pay the taxes, but the two
million under privileged
would care where taxes we're
paid, for 1t is out Of Com
monwealth revenues that they
get their schools, their health
services and practically all
the needs that q developing
community must meet. In
spite Of Puerto Rico's eco
nomic progress, its per capita
income Is still about half Of
that Of the State Of Missis-
sippi, the poorest State Of
the Union.)
Lastly. 1t would seem that
TO tax the Puerto Rican peo-
pie In order to help other
er-developed countries In
the world would be taking
from Peter to help Paul.
The above should not be
interpreted as opposition on
my part to a revision Of the
relationships between Puerto
Rico and the United States.
on the contrary, I am sup
porting legislation now under
consideration by the Con-
gress TO perfect the relation
ships. Naturally. any existing
inequities should be corrected.
A. Fern0s-Isern,
Resident Com missioner,
Commonwealth Of Puerto
Rico.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS,
Some Reflections for the Fourth
By RALPH McGILL

to wage an eternal war, for
the wretched pretexts by
which this rebellion is sought
to be justified. The bonds
that unite US as one People,
q substantial community Of
origin, language, belief and
law (the four great ties that
hold the societies Of men to-
gether); comon national and
political interests; q COM
mon history; a common pride
in o glorious ancestry; Q
common interest In this
great heritage Of blessings:
the very geographical fea-
lures of the country; the
mighty rivers that cross the
lines Of climate and thus
facilitate the interchange Of
natural and industrial prod
ucts; while the wonder-work-
ing arm Of the engineer has
levelled the mountain walls
which separate the East and
West, compelling your own
Alleghanies, my Maryland
and Pennsylvania friends, TO
open wide their everlasting
doors to the chariot wheels
Of traffic and travel; these
bonds Of union are Of per-
ennial force and energy, while
the causes Of alienation are
imaginary, factitious, and
transient. The heart Of the
People North and South Is
for the Union" ~
It was q bit f1owery-in
the style of the era--but the
conclusions Of the Everett
address have meaning in our
times. ~
The hour is coming, and
now Is, when the power Of
the leaders Of prejudice and
defiance against the orders
OF our courts to delude and
inflanne the masses must
cease. The people Of the
South (and the rest Of the
Nation) are not going to
wage eternal opposition for
the wretched pretexts by
which this rebellion against
orderly processes Of consti-
tutIonal law and morality is
sought TO be justified.
Heart Of People for Union
Today, 100 years after
Gettysburg and Vicksburg,
It may be said that the heart
Of the people. North and
South. Is for the Union
the United States Of America.
Certainly. 1856 million
Americans are not so lack
ing in imagination and char
acter as to be unable TO do
what is just and right on
behalf Of q mere IS million.
We cannot sustain the
wretched pretexts OF the fear
.ful and Of those for whom
the Union has no meaning.
IAN Rashta Reserved
Evening star., 1963-07-04
Freedom Bells

Let's ring freedoms bells! !"
My question is. Mr.. Presi-
dent, where are they?
When a citizen has earned
his possessions by the sweat
of his brow and cannot rent
his property to whom he
pleaSeS, nor can he select
employees for his business
best suited for his needs,
viii we have q free form Of
government, or viii we have
a dictatorship?
How long before the Amer
lean public can be aroused
to put the ring back in our
freedom bellsl Blanche Berry.
Evening star., 1963-07-04
FOCUS ON THE NEWS
BY CHARLES BARTLETT
A MiIit0ry Ban on Segregation


A test Of the feasibility Of
an equal accommodations re-
quirement in the hardcore
South win be afforded soon
by the Defense Department,
which has the power and in
tention to require proprietors
to give service to both races
or sacrifice all their business
from local military installa-
tions.
This is q tough step
charged with difficulties for
the commanders Of Southern
military bases, who must
maintain the morale Of their
men as well as harmonious
relations with neighboring
civilian communities. But
Secretary Of Defense Robert
Mcnamara shows every sign
Of a determination to move
hard to eradicate the ele-
ments Of racialisrn which re-
main in the armed forces.
The order has already gone
out to base commanders to
allow Negro military person.
mel to participate. during off
duty hours and In mutt, In
the non-violent demonstra-
tions which are being staged
In many Southern cities near
Federal installations. This
was q reversal Of q previous
policy, which had specifically
prohibited such participation.
Mr.. McNamara's deter
mination to oblige the serv-
ices to respond to the pres
sures for equality may also
add substantially to his own
problems with Congress,
where the committees which
control military legislation
and appropriations are uni
formly in the hands Of South
ern chairmen. The political
problem will grow when he
faces up, at some point in
the near future, to the prob
lem Of integrating the Ma
tional Guard divisions. which
remain under the authority
Of the State Governors
until they are ordered by the
President into Federal serv-
ice.
Base Segregation Nearly Gone
The military has respond
ed to previous directives by
the Truman and Eisenhower
administrations to the extent
of virtually eliminating seq
regated facilities on bases.
The process has been slower,
particularly in the Navy, in
regard to personnel. The
Army now has $3.50 Negro
officers, the Air Force 1900,
the Navy 174, and the Ma
rines 80. The tendency is
strong, particularly in the
Navy and Marine Corps, to
concentrate Negroes in the
menial service jobs which re-
siSt advancement and the op-
portunity to learn technical
skillS.
The base commanders,
who are generally not re-
formers by training or incli-
nation, have been almost
unanimously content to let
their concern with the race
problem stop at the base
gate. Their performance Isl
measured in part by their
talent for good relations with
neighb oring communities,
and they have had little in
centive to toy with the dyna-
mite Of local prejudices.
As a consequence, Negro
military personnel often find
Evening star., 1963-07-04

painless. Donors not only will
be protecting themselves and
families, but will have the
satisfaction Of knowing that
their blood may be used to
treat a desperately sick or
injured person. to alleviate
suffering and, perhaps, to
save a life.
Additional demands for
blood occur during the sum-
mer months because Of high
way and other vacation acci-
dents, yet during these same
summer months all too many
people leave town on vaca-
tions without remembering
to donate blood. For this
reason, blood banks some
times become critically low
and donors are particularly
appreciated. The critical per-
iod begins with the Fourth Of
July and extends, unfortun-
ately, through the Labor Day
week end.
A schedule Of hours and
locations of Red Cross blood
mobiles Is published regularly
in The Star. Blood may also
be donated at the Washing
ton Regional Red Cross
Blood Center, 2O25 E street
NV, ! pm. to 8:45 pm. on
Mondays, and from 9 am. to
4:45 pm. Tuesday through
Fridays.
We sincerely hope that
many new first-time donors
win respond to this appeal
for blood and thereby insure
themselves and their families
against an otherwise possible
High Cost Of Health"
Maurice Friedman,
Chairman, Washington
Regional Blood Council
Evening star., 1963-07-04

that they are required to
move to the rear Of the COM
mercial buses which shuttle
between the base and town,
to dine in segregated cafes
tertas and to attend segre-
gated motion pictures. Since
many Of them come from
Northern cities where these
differentiations are extinct,
the military service which
should be an important ave.
nue. Of personal and educa-
tional Improvement for large
numbers of them is often q
difficult adjustment that
chafes their patriotism.
The application Of the de-
segregation principle to the
private places where soldiers
spend their paycheclks can be
ordered by the simple ex-
pedient Of declaring off-lim-
its those establishments
which do not provide service
regardless Of race.
Varied Response Indicated
A survey indicates that the
response to such an edict
would vary greatly through
the South. The problem has
largely been met for example
in Norfolk, Va, where the
pattern Of desegregation has
been extende d to movie
houses over the past year
and the Navy base conn
mander serves as q member
of the new inter-racial COM
mittee.
Fayetteville, N. c., whose
economy hangs heavily upon
Fort Bragg. has been stimu-
lated by demonstrations and
an inter-racial committee to
narrow its determinations to
the movie theaters and some
restaurants, whose owners
may yield only to the threat
Of being placed off-limits.
But in Charleston, the
focal point Of South Caro-
lina's Negro pressures, the
popular mood is to tolerate
the demonstrations while
standing more or less firm
against the demands. The
civilian cafeteria at the Navy
base was desegregated over
five years ago and it Is still
boycotted by the white
workers, who bring their
lunches or buy them at
snack counters. Little en-
thusiasm for an inter-racial
committee exists in Charles
ton and If the local pro-
prietors were confronted by
the Pentagon with the choice
between serving Negroes and
forfeiting all service busi-
ness, they would face q diff
cult commercial decision.
Hope for an agreeable
conclusion to the Mcnamara
effort is derived from the
experience Of the USO,
which has managed in tha
last eight months to con-
solidate their white and
black recreation facilities in
about 20 Southern communi.l
ties. Dancing was eliminated
in the consolidation process,
but the attrition in terms Of
attendance and local support
has been generally negligi@
bic. USO officials are hope
full that they will soon be
able to negotiate eonsoliday
tions in six other cities
which have resisted them to
date.