Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-22
TREATY
Continued From Page Al


hoped the Senate would vote
into the treaty.
A reservation is virtually
an amendment. If any are
approved by the Senate it
would mean the whole treaty
would have to go back to the
original negotiating table to
see If the original signers agree
to the reservation. The admin
istration, to avoid this. is
pressing for ratification of the
treaty as it stands.
The first reservation Of Ad-
nairal Strauss asks that the
language In Article / which
rules out all nuclear explosions
except those underground be
not construed as preventing the
use by the United States of
nuclear weapons in case of
aggression.
Secretary of State Rusk
already has stated that the
United States would not be
bound by the treaty in case its
national interests were endan-
gered nor would it feel obliged
to wait three months before
abrogating the treaty in case
Of a dire military threat. The
escape clause" of the treaty
obliges a nation to give three
months notice before with
drawing.
Seeks Peaceful Uses
Admiral Strauss second res
ervation would allow construc-
ton Of harbors, canals and
other peaceful works by the
use of nuclear explosives even
If prohibited by the treaty.
The pact does not rule out
peaceful uses of nuclear explo-
slons, but states that certain
underground explosions are
prohibited if the radioactive
debris that leaks" to the sur
face carries beyond national
boundaries. Thus, while explo-
sions in the interior of the
United States would probably
be allowed, such projects as
another Panama Canal would
probably have to be ruled out.
This problem also drew the
attention of DR.. Libby this
morning, who suggested that
the. treaty be amended in the
future when the United States
is ready for such peaceful
projects.
Admiral Strauss other four
recommendations generally re-
peated those made by the ad-
miniStration in the past.
These are the so-called safe
guards" which President Ken
nedy has pledged to carry out
II the treaty is ratified. These
include keeping proving
grounds ready for atmospheric
tests in case the treaty is bro
ken, a vigorous program of I'M,
derground testing. improve
ment of detection capability
and keeping nuclear labora-
tories in operation.
Admiral Strauss also recon-
mended that Congress require
the executive department to
report Immediately all informa-
ton about any suspected nu-
clear explosions.
Dr.. Libby said that because
Of the built-in prohibition
against development of high
yield weapons, the test ban
treaty 'iS potentially the most
significant step toward disarm-
ament made in recent years g.
1t is not to be taken as a mere
token move but as being sub
stantial and real in all respects"
He also urged that the nu-
clear laboratories be kept busy
with development of nuclear
weapons and therefore sup
ported the Safeguards" already
promised by the administration.
Admiral Strauss, in supporting
Dr.. Teller's contention that fur
ther atmospheric testing is
necessary, said "the coming
months should see marked de-
velopments in anti-missile sys-
TENS, for these are critically
essential to our defense I
will only add my belief that
underground testing will rot
suffice to prove an anti-ballistic
missile system"
He criticized those who said
an ABM system cannot be de-