davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24
Highway Traffic Up
rs Percent In S. G.

An indication OF the need
for more and better highways
in South Carolina is wildly
shown i'll the report of state
wide traffic survey conducted
recently by the State Highway
Department.
The survey revealed that
rural traffic volumes on the
state highway system were
approximately 2.5 per cent
higher in 1862 than in 1861.
Motor fuel consumption las,
year increased five per cen,
over the previous year, reach
ing total of 1874 1888, 1876 gai-
Ions.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24

Look into the Payroll Saw
ings Plan where YOU work. It's
a safe. completely automatic
way To save. and it gives you
a big bonus of freedom-with
interest.
Series f and II Savings Bond
buyers pay no commissions
and clip no coupons. Their
bonds keep on earning interest
and building strength for A
mcrica as long as they hold
iHplNo
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24
Horryites Purchase
$41,l5O e, H Bonds

Series f and II Savings
BonuS sales during June an
Horny County amounted To-
S4l.l50, according to T. L..
Benson County Savings Bonds
Chairman.
Robert G.. Clawson, State
Savings Bonds Chairman, re-
ported today that sales of Ser
les E and II. Bonds in South
Carolina during June were ST.
254. 1893, IA per cent increase
over the corresponding month
last year. The SiX-month total
of + and II Bond sales for the
state was Sl3,49l Gal, an in
crease of So over the same
period year ago.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24

u. S. Savings Bond buyers
help defend freedom with their
purchases. Bonds are a safe
investment-aS safe as Ameri-
ca itself.
Here's a Family Fact: The
financial strength of your fam
lily is part of your countrv'S
strength. Invest in both with
u. S. Savings Bonds.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24

Millions of Series + Savings
Bonds bought 20 years ago are
still outstanding. They're worth
about 83'c more than their cost
price, and are still earning IN
tereSt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
3 Youths Assume
D.C.Heuds' Duty
For Brief Stint

Three junior District Com
missioners took over the city
government temporarily yes
terday.
The three youthful Commits
sioners were James Frank. IA.
of 1921 Fargo avenue, Birch
wood City, Md; Selwyn Jones,
IA, Of 337 Sixteenth street Sc.
and Joseph Hawkins. -. Of 403
Sixteenth street Sc.
The boys are all "a" students
In school and were elected
junior Commissioners by the
Eastern Branch Of the Boys
Club Of Greater Washington.
Walter N. Tobriner, president
OF the District Board Of Com
missioners. told the youths that
he was happy TO turn the job
OF running the city over to
them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Walter Simmons,
General Manager
Of Plumbing Firm

Walter P. Simmons, SO, gen.
eral manager of Atchison 81
Keller, Inc, died of cancer
Friday in Sibley Hospital.
Mr.. Simmons was born and
educated in Fincastle, Va.
About IS years ago, he moved
to Washington. He was en-
ployed by Frank E. Fields as
a plumber, but in the early
sos he transferred to Atchi-
son & Keller, Inc. where he
advanced to general manager.
For the last five years, he had
served on the board of direc-
tors Of the plumbing firm.
He was a member Of the
Colesville Methodist Church
and active in community af-
fairs.
He leaves his wife, Mrs.
Blanche E. Simmons, Of the
home address, 12608 Two
Farms drive, Silver Spring; a
daughter, Mrs. Margaret L.
Shomett Of 800 Claggett drive,
Rockville, and two sons, Wal
ter M. Simmons of 1880 Iver-
son street Sc. and Marvin E.
Simmons Of 2421 Seibel street,
Silver Spring.
Services we're to be held in
Humphreys Funeral Home,
8434 Georgia avenue, Silver
Spring, this afternoon, with
burial in the Fort Lincoln
Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
G. H. Mathews,
Vice President of
Muzo-Lerch

Clifford H. Mathews, SO, vice
president and general sales
manager of the Mazo-Lerch
Co, died Sunday at Doctors
Hospital after a heart attack.
Mr.. Mathews had worked for
the company since 1899, when
he moved to this area from
Austin. Tex. He was born and
educated in Birmingham, Ala.
For many years Mr.. Mathews
had lived in Silver Spring.
Since 1860, his home had been
in Bristow. Va, where he had a
large cattle farm.
Mr.. Mathews was an out
doorsman who hunted big game
in Canada and Wyoming and
fished in Florida. He was a
member Of the Mount Hermon
Masonic Lodge in Hyattsville
and the Petworth Baptist
Church here.
He leaves his wife Opal of
the home address. a son, Cliff
ford H. Mathews, IT,. of Or
lando, Fla; a daughter, Mrs.
Jack Mathews Davis. Of New
port Beach, Calf; his mother,
Mrs. Charles Powell. Of 6S5
Twenty-fifth street. Arlington;
a sister, Mrs. John Warfel, Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
500 Methodists
Pay Tribute to
Bishop Oxnum

Methodists of the Washing
ton area yesterday paid tribute
to the late Bishop @. Bromley
Oman at a service Of COM
memoration In the Metropolitan
Memorial Church on Nebraska
avenue opposite American Uni
versity.
More than 600 persons filled
the church. many from Balti-
more and other places as Meth
odist Bishop John Wesley Lord
Of Washington extolled his
predecessor in the post. Bishop
Oxnarn. who died last month,
served as Bishop OF Washing
ton from 1852 to 1860.
Bishop Lord declared that
the noted church leader was a
man under the compulsion of
love-" He praised him as a
person who understood and felt
for his fellow man despite any
disagreements he may have had.
The speaker emphasized that
Bishop Oman "loved America
and knew what America needed
most. In a time when we have
put more content into our fears
and hatreds than into our love,
our Nation and our world need
men of charity and understand
ing"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Contractor Dies
As Car Crashes
Into Residence

A Washington contractor
who lived in suburban Wheaton
died a few blocks from his
home yesterday when his car
swerved off a street and crashed
into a house.
He was Aubrey r. Stinson,
IS, Of 1898 Farnell drive, who
had offices at 1740 North
Capitol street.
Montgomery County police
said it was thought at first
that Mr.. Stinson may have
been stricken with a heart at
tack before his car went out
of control in the $500 block Of
Lindell street.
But DR.. Frank j. Broschart,
county medical examiner, said
that an autopsy showed that
Mr.. Stinson died from a rup-
tured heart and also had re-
ceived a broken breastbone in
the crash about los pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Herman E. Riley, Sc, Aide
In Recreation Department

Decatur place, woodlawn. Md.
Mr.. Riley joined the Dis
trict government in 1927 as an
assistant at Garfield Play
ground, Second street and Viz
GINA avenue Sc.
He was q past president OF
the District Softball ASsocia-
ton and a commissioner Of the
Amateur Softball Association
Mr.. Riley was associated with
the Barney Neighborhood House
in 1887 as director Of boys &C
tivities and was games di-
rector for the Boys Club Of
Washington for five years.
He had received medals from
both the American Legion and
the Veterans Of Foreign Wars
for his work with youth.
Mr.. Riley leaves his wife
Lottie L., Of the home; q son
Herman E., jr.. Of the home
a daughter, Mrs. Donald L
Bridget, Of 1910 Sixty-seconC
avenue, Riverdale. Md: hi
mother, Mrs. Lille L. Smith
of the home, and two grand
children.
Services will be at IL am
Friday in the s. H. Hines Flu
neral Home, 1901 Fourteenth
street NV. Burial will be IL
Cedar Hill Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Mrs. Stone
ToRunAgoin
ForDeleeote

Delegate K athryn Stone
Virginia's only woman legisla-
tor, today announced that she
will seek a sixth term as an
Arlington representative in the
General Assembly.
Like the county's two DEM
ocratic delegates, she is ex-
pected to encounter no OPP
position in the party primary
July 8.
Mrs. Stone is one Of the
four Northern Virginia legisla-
tors who filed the suit which
last fall produced a Federal
court order requiring reappor-
tionment Of. the State legisla-
ture on the basis of popula-
ton. The Supreme Court has
stayed enforcement of the
order pending an appeal by the
State.
The mother Of three children
and a former teacher, Mrs.
Stone voted against every meas
ure that formed part Of Vir-
ginia's massive resistance" to
school desegregation.
In the General Assembly she
has been concerned particular
ly with legislation to promote
education, health and welfare
programs.
She identifies herself as q
national Democrat" who Wig
orously supported the election
Of President Kennedy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Maryland Court
ReVerses Bon on
District Lawyer

The Maryland Court Of APP
peals has reversed a Mont
gomery County Circuit Court
order which prohibited a WASH
ington attorney from repre-
senting a defendant in county
courts.
The attorney, Malcolm w.
Houston, with offices at 1910
Vermont avenue NV, said to-
day he had received a man.
date from the Appeals Court in
Annapolis which reverses and
vacates the June %, 1862, Or
der of Circuit Judge Ralph G.
Shure. Mr.. Houston also was
awarded the costs of his ap-
peal in the mandate which was
entered on March 8.
Last year, Judge Shure ruled
that an office Mr.. Houston
claimed to maintain at the
Triangle Radio & TV Co., Inc,
11118 Georgia avenue, Whea-
ton, was not valid because
this office does not provide
privacy nor does it have a
professional appearance"
Mr.. Houston now declares
this office had been main
tanned and used by me for a
considerable period prior to
the adoption of the rule in
question :" which was struck
down by the Court of Appeals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
PercivoIH. WhoIey Dies;
Founder of NewsIetters

grees from Hobart College,
Geneva, N. Y, and Kenyon Col
lege. Gambler, Ohio, won two
successive Rhodes scholarships
but refused both because of
personal reasons. He also at
tended Tulane University Law
School and was admitted to the
Louisiana bar in 1905 and the
District of Columbia bar in
1892.
From 1924 until Pearl Har-
Dor in 194l. Mr.. Whaley also
published and edited a monthly
magazine - National Sphere.
He also published the Foreign
Letter, devoted to interpreting
foreign affairs in the same
manner that the American Let
ter reviewed the domestic scene.
Mr.. Whaley. scion Of an old
South Carolina family whose
plantation on Edisto Island
dates back to Revolutionary
days was born in Sharon, Conn.
He was married to the late
Mrs. Clara King Dyer Hull in
1907. Survivors include a STEP
son, Edward s. Hull III; one
brother, Porter A. Whaley, San
Antonio, Tex, and three sisters:
Mrs. j. H. Rast, Charleston,
s. c., Mrs. Ernest c. Baynard,
of Washington, and Mrs.
George r. F. Cornish, EdiSto
Island.
Funeral services will be held
at IL am. tomorrow at his
home. Burial will be private at
Edisto Island, s. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Romuny, Figure
In 3-DeIegote
Recount, Dies

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico,
April 2 (AP) MARCHING Ro-
many, who won some fame as
a floor strategist in the 1852
Republican National Conven-
ton, died Of cancer last night.
He was 10.
Mr.. Romany was the Repub-
lican national committeeman
from Puerto Rico who broke
up a tense moment in the Chi
cago meeting July 8, 1852, by
demanding a recount of the
three-man Puerto Rican dele
cation.
That brought a laugh and
took the heat from a quarrel
over which Georgia faction
should be seated.
A lawyer and former Judge,
Mr.. Romany had been hos
pitalized for eight weeks. He Is
survived by his wife Maria
Esther. a son Jorge and daugh-
ter Gladys.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Annapolis Group
Kills Bill to End
Unit Vote system
BY q star staff Writer

ANNAPOLIS. April "A bill
to kill the Maryland unit sys-
TEN Of voting, twice passed by
the House, was allowed to die
in the Senate Judicial Pro-
ceedings Committee last night
Attorney General Thomas B
Finan has ruled that q Su-
preme Court decision on q
Georgia unit vote case cast
grave doubt on the constitu-
tionality Of the 55-year-old
Maryland system Of nominate
ing candidates in Statewide
primaries.
Earlier In the session, before
the high court had ruled, the
House had voted to abolish the
system, but the bill was killed
by three votes in the Senate.
When the Attorney Generals
opinion was announced to the
Legislature, however, the House
passed a new bill-the one re-
jected by the Senate commit
tee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Daniel Muhoney,
Miumi Publisher

NEW YORK. April 2 (AP).-
Daniel ]. Mahoney, publisher
of the Miami News and long
active in civic affairs in that
Florida city, died in a hospital
yesterday while undergoing
lung surgery. He was rs.
Mr.. Mahoney, chairman Of
the University of Miami's
Board Of Trustees, had been in
declining health. His wife and
two sons were at the hospital.
Mr.. Mahoney's interests in
cluded all phases of community
life and included the Orange
Bowl, United Fund, University
of Miami, Variety Children's
Hospital, Crusade for Freedom,
civic, welfare and charitable
programs, society and sports,
aiding the handicapped and
human relations.
A native of Springfield, III,
Mr.. Mahoney worked for the
Southern Pacific Railroad and
later was sales manager Of Lo-
comobile Corp. in Denver. Colo.
He was a first lieutenant dur
ing World War I and served
with the Army Of Occupation
in Germany.
In 1919 he joined the News
League in Dayton, Ohio, and
was general manager Of the
Dayton News from 1928 to 1925.
He became a year-round res
ident Of Miami in 1880, a d.
rector and vice president Of
the Miami News in 1885 and
publisher in 1851.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
BY the Associated Press

Percival Huntington Whaley.
editor of the old Philadelphia
Evening Ledger and creator Of
one Of the earliest Washington
newsletters, died yesterday
at his home, 1924 'Edmunds
street NV, after a long illness.
He was 80.
Mr.. Whaley, also an attorney,
became assistant editor Of the
Charleston, s. c., News and
Courier before he was 80. He
Joined the Philadelphia Public
Ledger in 1918 after four years
on the News and Courier and,
in 1914, became editor-in- chief
Of the Evening Ledger.
He continued with the Eve
ming Ledger until 1918 when
he resigned over a matter OF
editorial principle and 81 men,
bers of his staff quit with him.
Mr.. Whaley then came to
Washington and joined in the
establishment Of the American
Letter-generally credited as
being the Nations first bust
ness newsletter.
Establishment Of the news
letter stemmed from. his belief
that the editorial pages OF
newspapers Of that era were
humorous, unprecise and un-
enlightening in the interpreta-
ton of the news" and that
there was a lack Of objectivity
in the reporting Of news from
Washington.
Mr.. Whaley, who held de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
q Dismissuls
At Frostburq
Being Probed

BALTIMORE, April 2 (AP) D..
The American Civil Liberties
Union said yesterday it plans
to investigate the dismissal of
four young English professors
at Frostburg State College.
DR.. Irving r. Murray, chair
man of the organizations
Maryland branch, said the
chairman of the Academic
Freedom Committee, DR.. Arthur
Stinchcombe, would leave to-
day to investigate the matter.
A report probably will be is
sued tomorrow, Mr.. Murray
said.
The investigation was re-
quested by one of the fired
teachers, DR.. Edmund Skellings,
associate professor of English,
The four teachers were in
formed last week by r. Bowen
Hardesty, Frostburg president,
that their contracts would not
be renewed beyond June 80.
Those receiving notification,
besides DR.. Skellings, were Nor
ris L. Merchant, 81; John Ire
land, %. and John Cole, %.
Mr.. Hardesty said they were
dismissed as a matter Of rou-
tine and that immaturity fig
ured in the decision. The
teachers said it was for lib
eral ideas"
They cited their requests for
three controversial novels for
student use: Lolita" Lady
Chatterly's Lover" and "TropiC
of Cancer"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
TODAYS WEATHER REPORT

District and vicinity-Fair
and mild tonight, low in the
middle sos. Tomorrow mostly
sunny and quite warm, high
in the middle Dos.
Maryland-Mild and fair to-
night, low in sos. Mostly sunny
and warm tomorrow, high 80
to IS, except upper 7Os in
mountains and along coast.
Virginia-Fair and mild to-
night, low in SOS. Tomorrow
mostly sunny and quite warm.
High in middle Dos except up
per 70s in mountains and on
coast.
Lower Potomac and Chesa-
peake Bay-West TO southwest
winds at 5 to 10 knots tonight
increasing to 10 to OCCASION
ally 20 knots tomorrow. Fair
weather. Visibility 8 miles ex-
cept 2 TO 4 miles in morning
fog and haze.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Housewife, II,
Rape Victim,
Tries Suicide

A IT. year : old Arlington
housewife tried to kill herself
last night after she said she
was raped in her bedroom, po-
lice reported.
Friends rescued the girl, who
is expecting a baby in four
months, by breaking down the
door to her apartment when
they detected gas escaping from
1t.
Police charged a 22-year-old
mechanic, Robert Phillip Rim
mer, with rape. He was held in
lieu Of $4,000 bond pending a
hearing Friday.
Had Seen Doctor
Juvenile Squad Officer Ern-
est Light said the housewife
provided this report of the
crime:
She visited her doctor yester-
day afternoon and returned
home feeling quite Ill. Her hus-
band was away at the time.
Seeing that she was sick, a
man whom she knew as a
neighbor helped her into her
apartment. He suggested that
she go to bed and said ne
would remain in the living
room a while to insure that
she was all right.
Man Entered Room
After the girl retired, the
man entered the bedroom and
made advances which she re-
sisted. He then ripped off her
nightgown and assaulted her,
she said.
Officer Light reported that
the girl was so distraught she
locked all windows and the
door after the man left and
opened the gas valves.
After friends from nearby
apartments pulled her from
the gas filled bedroom, she
was treated at Arlington Hos
pital and released. Police said
Rimmer is married but sepa-
rated from his wife. He was
arrested at his home after
police interviewed the girl at
the hospital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Funeral Set Thursday
For ; Crush Victims

A combined funeral service
will be held in Silver Spring
Thursday for three relatives
who died in a head-on auto
crash near Jamestown, Pa,
Sunday.
The service will be at / pm
at the Chambers Funeral Home,
1855 Georgia avenue, Silver
Spring, for Victor S. Flu, 10, q
student at Cornell University,
Of 1921 Nebraska avenue NV.
and his sister and brother-in-
law, Berlin and Hua She OF
Binghamton, N. Y. Burial will
be in Washington National
Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Lutheruns to Hear
Representative Quie

Representative Quie. Repub-
lican of Minnesota, will address
a banquet meeting Of the Luth-
Ieran Service Commissions
Eastern area staff conference
at 7 pm. Thursday in Luther
Place Memorial Lutheran
Church, Thomas circle.
The group will hold its meet
ing Thursday and Friday in the
Luthern Service Center, 523
Eleventh street NV. The men,
bers will discuss ways Of i'm
proving their services to men,
bers of the armed forces. Ses-
sions will be held from 9 am
to 5 pm. each day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
Gunshot Kills Aide
Of Disabled Officers

Joseph M. Lovci, As. ma
tional adjutant Of the Disabled
Officers Association, was found
dead of a gunshot wound in
the head in the organizations
office at 1912 X street NV,
this noon. A .32-caliber auto
matte pistol was found lying
nearby. police said.
Mr.. Lovci lived at 427 Vista
drive, Falls Church, police said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02
MiliturySuteIIite
Sent Into Orbit

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE
BASE, Calf, April 2 (AP).-
Another military satellite has
roared into orbit from this Air
Force missile base.
The Air Force doesn't release
details Of military launchings.
After the shot yesterday a
spokesman announced only: "a
satellite employing q Thor
Agena combination has been
launched"
The Thor-Agena first and
second stage units have been
used in almost all launchings
Of satellites In the Discoverer
series. The DISCOVERIES are re-
search vehicles. They have
been used in the past in the
development Of the Midas and
Samos surveillance satellites.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02

they will receive from serv-
Ices this year.
Mr.. Halleck and Mr.. Byrnes
said the Republican task
force was studying what II
believes are a few soft spots"
in the recommended appro-
priations for the Post Office
Departm t. Republicans
probably will propose some
further reductions when that
bill comes up in the House
on Thursday. the lie a ders
said.
Mr.. Halleck claimed that
cuts already made by the
committee in the Interior
and the Treasury-Post Office
bills we're q "salutary influ-
ence." He predicted they
would be followed by much
heftier reductions later this
session in larger government
tai appropriations bills, par
ticularly the foreign aid
measure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02

ton for students who do not
wish to pursue an academic
curriculum at one Of the other
three schools.
The fifth Board member,
Barnard Joy, said that before
adopting a position he desired
Ito restudy quite a bit of data
which he had not examined for
some time.
The board scheduled the
special conference tomorrow
after hearing conflicting argu-
ments from the public con-
corning the future of the school
and its 227 students.
Miss Kitty L. Reynolds
warned that complete integra-
ton of the Negro high school
student would result in the
kind Of breakdown of law and
order which was brought to
light after the Thanksgiving
riot at D. c. Stadium"
White Rights Seen Infringed
Mrs. Vivian FARRELL charged
that "Mr. Stockard here doesn't
think that the poor little white
child should have any rights
in the United States anymore"
Nazi leader George Lincoln
Rockwell agreed.
Mrs. FARRELL proposed that
Hoffman, Boston be reserved
exclusively for white children
whose parents object to inte-
grafton.
The Arlington branch Of the
National Association of Colored
People and spokesman for three
other Negro organizations
urged abolition Of Hoffman
Boston high school, asserting
that it is inferior to the other
school and that maintenance
of it is uneconomical because
of its small enrolment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02

Herman E. Riley, Sc, as
sistant director Of the City,
Wide Division Of the Districts
Recreation Department. died
yesterday in George Washing
ton Hospital Of heart disease.
Born in Fairfax, Va, Mr..
Riley came to Washington as a
child with his family and lived
in the District until six years
ago when he moved to $3.50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-02

to consider whether steps to
abolish the Hoffman-BoSton
High School can begin this
fall.
Privately, they have been as
sured that any practical plan
to integrate Hoffman-Boston
pupils and their teachers into
the other three schools will
receive political support from
county board members.
Method Held Only Issue
Because State law requires
that prior held to April is each
student must be notified of his
assignment for the forthcom-
ing year, it remains doubtful
whether any plan adopted can
be put into effect in September
However, comments made to
a reporter by board members
James G. Stockard, Laszlo
Ecker RACE and Mrs. Ruth Cox
made it clear that the issue no
longer is whether the high
school will be abolished, but by
what methods and how soon it
will be eliminated.
Their colleague, Mrs. Eliza
beth Campbell, said she wants
to assure that redistribution Of
the Negro pupils is carefully
prepared so that the individual
children will benefit and so
that none will be induced to
drop out of school.
She also suggested that the
board should consider whether
to establish a vocational train
Ing program at Hoffman-Bos-