davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
Seony Side of Life in Kentucky
By DONALD MINTZ

NIGHT COMES TO THE
CUNBERLANDS by Harry
M. Caudill. With a FORE
word by Stewart L. Udan.
Illus, 395 PIP. (Atlantic-Lit-
tie, Brown and Co., $6.75O
"(My SOM went out to CAL
ifornia where he's got some
kinfolks and went to a fac
tory where they was hirin'
men. The sign said all the
work hands had to be under
IS years of age and be high
school graduates. Well, this
company wouldn't recognize
his diploma because it was
from a Kentucky school.
They said a high-school di-
ploma from Kentucky, Ar
kansas and Mississippi just
showed a man had done
about the same as 10 years in
school in any other State.
But they agreed to give the
boy a test to see how much
he knowed and he failed it
flatter than a fritter."
So says a 56-year-old job
less coal miner on the Cum
berland Plateau in eastern
Kentucky. That the mans
son got through high school
is nothing to be taken for
granted; that he nevertheless
is functionally illiterate or
nearly so Is not particularly
surprising. Not in the Cum
berlands.
A MINER RECENTLY sat
in Harry M. Caudill's office
and remarked to me that for
IL eight-hour shifts of work
he collected 20 dollars in
wages" Mr.. Caudill says ibis
situation was unusually Sc
vere." He does not say that
1t was typical.
Night Comes to the Cum
berlands" is a merciless re-
port on the present situation
Of the Kentucky part Of that
miserable area combined
with a superb essay on its his
tory. Mr.. Caudill is a lawyer
there Tin Whitesburg, to be
precise) and has served six
years in the Kentucky House
of Representatives" He
knows what he is talking
about.
What he says borders on
the unbelievable, but it can
not be denied. 1t is infuriat-
ing beyond measure; towards
the end Of the book both
typesetter and proof-reader
had moments when they were
unable to see, and they have
the readers sympathy.
Some Of today's problems
have come about through the
more or less inevitable work.
ings OF history, beginning
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10
Open OccupnncX

Your editorial, open Oc-
cupancy," ends up by saying,
In one way or another,
however, an anti-diScrimina-
ton housing rule should be
established for Washington. {"
Now, just who is being dis
eliminated against? In a city
where IS per cent of the
public school students are
Negroes. and where virtual
ly all Of the lower and mid
die income housing is occu-
pied by Negroes, and where
the population is SIS to so
per cent Negro, it seems to
this writer that it is the
white people who are being
Disseminated against.
Now this proposed flair"
housing ordinance will not
remove this discrimination
against white people-it will
intensity it and drive more
and more of them into
Maryland and Virginia sub
urbs. If only the present
trend continues, the Nations
Capital city will be IS per
cent Negro by 1880; but If
the trend is rapidly accel-
Grated by the proposed fair"
housing ordinance, the Ma
tons Capital will become
virtually all Negro by 1870.
You cannot name one
single valid reason why the
Capital City Of a Nation
which is nearly 80 per cent
white should be converted
into a Federal reservation
for Negroes only. Such an
incongruous situation is not
the indignation which the
Negro high-pressure groups
profess to desire, but rather
complete Government pre-
cipitated segregation, such as
exists on Indian reserva-
tons. The Capital City Of
America rightfully belongs
to all the American people
not to just the presently
favored Negro race. Why not
let the people Of America
vote in a Nationwide ref
erendum as to whether or
not they want the two-bit
politicians Of this city to
make a shambles Of the
American peoples Capital
City? r.. A. Mullen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10
THE PASSING SCENE
RockefeIIer's Risky Rights Drive
By WILLIAM S. WHITE

Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of
New York is making urgent
and dangerous use of the
civil rights issue as he at
teinptS to arrest the great
decline in his fortunes as a
1864 Republican presidential
possibility that followed his
divorce and remarriage.
He has seized the leader
ship Of an extremist Eastern
and urban @. o. p. faction
which would actually like to
go even farther than the
Kennedy administration it
self in its appeal to Negro and
other minority group voting
blocs.
This he has done by his
announcement that at the
national Governors Confer
ence in Miami Beach, July
1924, he will demand the
adoption Of a very strong"
civil rights line. It is most
doubtful the Governors gen.
orally will follow him in this
thrust. But it is unqueStion-
ably true that it will tend to
bring him back to massive
public notice, just as it will
operate as a challenge to
President Kennedy's thus far
unchallenged leadership
among minority groups in the
civil rights field.
The current racial tensions.
in short, have given the Gov
ernor an opportunity which
so rarely comes to politicians
as to be regarded as Heaven
sent. He is able to join his
undoubtedly honest convic-
ions for far-out civil rights
legislation with his clear nee
eSsity to find some way to
try to restore his position in
the presidential race.
That position has been
steadily weakening, not SIM
ply relative to Senator Gold
water Of Arizona but also
relative to such other G. O.P.
presidential possibilities as
Cows. William Scranton of
Pennsylvania and George
Romney Of Michigan.
A PerilOus Course
If there are significant re-
wards for Gov. Rockefeller
in this enterprise, however,
there are even more signifi-
cant dangers. He has taken a
perilous course in breaking,
publicly and imperiously, with
the entire top leadership of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10

@. When is a star in its
infancy and youthful. T.
A. One theory is that a
star is born from a large,
non radiating (lnvisible)
mass Of gas. This eventually
contracts, through gravita-
tional energy, and becomes
hot enough to constitute a
red giant. visible by the red
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10
Ill., Neiqhbor!

~
1t came as a delightful
surprise to note in The Stars
Teen Section recently a list
Of actions and courtesies that
go to make up a young
gentleman" At our several
score years, we had become
convinced that the word
gentleman" was obsolete,
and courtesy completely
corny!
I am not here concerned
with the depraved intellects
of so many Of our youngsters.
But a word to the parents:
Several things you do are not
very considerate of your
neighbors and thus are bad
examples for your kids. These
three are, most widespread
and extremely ulcerating:
/. Lawn mowers. These
noisy appliances could very
well be left in the tool house
until after 10 am, especially
on Saturdays and Sundays
when tired people, including
numerous older ones. need
that late sleep.
2. Cook-outs. Smog build
UP predictions for the Wash
ington area being what they
are, the common affectation
of gracious" living manifest
ing itself In nightly cook
outs poiSons the air with the
all pervading stencil of raw
gaSoline-like fire starters adj
ded to that of beef drippings
burning on hot charcoal.
Some Of us like the smell
Of clean air and the scent
of spring flowers in our own
yards occasionally. Is
it impossible for neighbors
to confer and decide on. say,
only two, or at most three,
suffocating evenings a week
for any given locality?
8. outdoor radios, TVS.
Why should 1t be necessary
to tell any adult that his
neighbor may not like the
baseball game broadcast
you're listening to Qoudly)
or may be such a lover of
good music that your blast
ing 1t out in your back yard
adjacent to your garbage
cans makes 1t garbage to
him?
Can't we all try to be Just
a little bit more gentlemanly
this summer? Or is 1t that
we hate all our neighbors-
or want to make sure they
hate us?
F. M.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10

with the nature and back
ground of the people who set
tied the plateau. A lot of it
results from the sins of BUSH
ness in the 10th century.
But other areas have recov-
cred from the havoc wreaked
by the lumberman and the
extractive industries. In the
Clmberlands things get
steadily worse. Why? Four
words summarize Mr.. eau
dill'S explanation: /. Big
Business; 2. Big Government.
Mr.. Caudill cites cases. He
shows that in the Cumber-
lands large steel companies
operate by methods aban-
doned elsewhere so and more
years ago.
They get much Of the coal
brought out by fantasically
destructive strip and auger
mining, techniques that ruin
far more than the immediate
area of operations. I'm
checked, they dump rubble
down on towns and pollute
streams.
And the Government, in
the form Of IVA, gets much
Of the rest. In Mr.. Caudill's
view, there is no doubt that
iva has been one of the
prime movers in the accele-
rating destruction of his be-
loved home.
Then the Government
comes with welfare-ADC.
food distribution and all the
rest. And these palliatives
keep people from starving.
BUT IN ESSENCE they
are a narcotic. Very good for
immediate symptomatic re-
lief, and absolutely deadly
in the long run.
Mr.. Caudill wants a
Southern Mountain Author
ity. He wants regulation of
extraction and such lumber
ing as is still possible. He
wants an end to destructive
floods. He wants someone to
pick up the responsibilities
rarely assumed by the coal
companies and recently
dropped by the United Mine
Workers. "A public policy Is
scarcely sane" he writes.
when it supports idleness in
the midst Of a region which
desperately needs public i'm
provements." And that Is
what welfare does.
Might Comes to the Cum
berlands" Is a magnificent
book, full of that fine anger
that tempers wisdom. It is
not about cities. but residents
OF megalopolis contemplating
Cor not contemplating their
slums can and must learn
from 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry priters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used iDiH be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVl
BY THE HASkIN SERVICE
writing
addressed

light 1t emits. This red giant
stage is sometimes termed
the infancy Of a star. In the
several stages Of its youth,
a star undergoes varying nu-
clear reactions, and eventu-
ally increases in temperature
to the point where It can
start the conversion of its
hydrogen into helium. With
the establishment Of this
process 1t becomes a mature
star such as our sun. Even
tually Its hydrogen will be
exhausted and the forces of
gravity will again take
over. The star will become a
faint, old. tightly packed
white dwarf star---and. IN
time, a cold, dead, invisible
black dwarf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-10

@. Why is the deathwatch
beetle called that2-E. s.
A. This little, brown. wood
boring beetle gets It's name
from the sound it makes-a
knocking or ticking sound
long believed by superstitious
people TO foretell a death in
the family.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-08

How CAN YOU COPE with the diff.
ferent kinds Of stuff the wheels Of
your car have to run on in winter?
One minute you might be blowing
through nice fresh snow, the next
it will be hard-packed and slippery.
An hour later you may find yourself
on glare ice or even bOne-dry road.
SNOW nRES are fine when you're
driving on loosely packed snow.
They'll dig in nicely and will, accord
ing to tests made by the National
Safety Council, give you 81 per cent
more traction than regular tires.
Don't imagine that snow tires
will allow you to get gay. The tires
stopping distance, even on unpacked
new snow, is still more than twice
that on a dry road - So feet as COM
pared to 81 feet from 20 miles per
hour with locked wheels). And you
can get into some pretty scary skids
with them, too.
on zee. -. CHAINS. Ice is the tricky
stuff. Itgets more slippery as it gets
warmer. An ice cube fresh out of
the freezer is sort Of sticky and not
too slippery, but after it sits around
a while the thing is so slippery you
can hardly maneuver it into your
drink.
Similarly, when the temperature
ofthe ice on the road is down around
zero, you have fair traction and
braking with snow tires or even
ordinary tires. But if the surface Of
the ice warns and forms a slick film
of water, you may find your car try
ing some very fancy skating.
Reinforced chains - the kind
with cleats welded to the links of
their cross chains - are the remedy.
Chains are a bit fussy to put on (see
how below and you have to take
them off when the roads dry up.
They'll wear and break if you don't.
But on ice chains can stop your car
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-08
Non-skid Secrets
They'll help make you good winter driver

in less than half the distance of snow
tires II feet compared to ia
feet, from 20 miles per hour at 2O'
Fahrenheit. And chains have about
four times the starting traction Of
snow tires.
AND NOW =. STUDDED TIREs. If you
watched movies of Rally drivers
attacking an Alp and wondered how
they could possibly roar up slippery
hills and around icy corners at such
crazy speeds, here's their secret.
They used tires with tungsten car.
bide studs sticking out of them,
which claw into ice with a grip like
an angry tOmcat's. These studs are
a Swedish device called the Season
Safety Stud in the US. Their tung-
stem carbide cores are surrounded by
tough plastic to prevent tire damage
and are injected into the tires with
an airgun. They sit flush with the
tire and can be used on dry roads.
Although you can keep studded tires
on your wheels all winter, Rally
drivers carry pair in the trunk and
slap them on the rear wheels when
they hit slippery conditions.
Currently, most Of the big Amer.
lean tire manufacturers are expert
menting with Season Studs; some
Of them will offer tires with pre-cast
holes to receive them this winter.
Studs cost a dime each = you'll
need about $50 of them for normal
sized tire.
MO0eE racing DOOM
This Christmas an awful lot of
small-fry land their fathers) are
going to give up being railroad en-
gineers. They're turning into Grand
Prix drivers in the still booming
hobby Of miniature auto racing.
which will have model cars buzzing
around some 100000 new tracks
this year.
In Is minutes flor a simple
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-08
HOW TO PUT ON CHAINS

.. ALOSC eight feet in rear Of car. Spread
chains on ground. hooks up. 2. Hang chain
on loops Of APPlier. ,. Press APplier on tire
near fender and gather cross chains in back.
=. Drive car tO'uOrd until APpIier has come
full circle. Remove APPlier. hook up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Union Leader
LaudsCourtin
ExtortiOn Trial

NEWARK, N. j., June
(AP). - Teamster leader An
thony (Tony Pro- Provenzanc
praised the Judge and prosecu-
tors today as his extortion trial
neared conclusion.
The stocky, 46-year-old asso-
ciate of Teamsters Union Presi-
dent James r. Hoffa, said that
Judge Robert Shaw and Assist
ant United States Attorneys
Matthew P. Boylan and Rich
ard Levin had conducted them
selves in a fair and creditable
manner.
Provenzano called newsmer
together TO give them his opin-
ion before today's session Of the
21a-week- old Federal court trial
Later Defense lawyer Henry
Singer launched a long sum-
nation Of the case to the jury
Of six men and six women. The
Brooklyn IN. " lawyer con-
centrated his attack on the ties.
timony Of the chief government
witness, Walter A. Dorm, presi-
dent Of Dorm Transportation
Inc, Of Rensselaer,, N. Y.
Provenzano is charged with
extorting $17,100 from Mr.
Dorm in return for labor peace
Mr.. Dorm testified that he paid
81, 500 to Provenzano and
$15,600 in monthly payments
over seven years to Michael
Comunale, a Jersey City lawyer
Mr.. Dorm said Provenzano gave
him Comunale's name on a slip
Of paper as a lawyer he could
put on a retainer.
Mr.. Singer said that Mr.
Dorm had tried to deduct the
payments to Comunale from
taxes and had appealed to the
Internal Revenue Service that
the payments were ordinary
legal expenses.
"The nerve, the consummate
gall Of the man." Mr.. Singer
told the jury. Caught with
red-hot checks, he swore they
we're ordinary expenses anc
add up to extortion."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

with the expedition, appeared
well on the mend.
Mr.. Jerstad walked the past
three days and while the nails
of his toes and several fingers
were still blackened and pain
full, the expedition doctor said
he was in no danger of losing
them. Before walking unat-
tended, Mr.. Jerstad had ridden
on horseback for six days.
Mr.. Jerstad and Mr.. Bishop
made up the team that con-
quered Everest via the tradi-
tional South Col route May %
while Mr.. Unsoeld and Thomas
G. Hornbein of San Diego,
Calf, were accomplishing the
unprecedented approach from
the previously unconquered
West Ridge side.
The four men met near the
top after their successful
climbs for the first such meet
ing weather that the three
the difficult descent in freez-
ing weather. that the three
suffered frostbite.
James C. Whitaker, "a, of
Redmond, Wash, and a Sherpa
guide, Nwang Gombu, were the
first two expedition members
to reach the top, climbing from
the traditional South Col side
May /.
Norman r. Dyhrenfurth of
Santa Monica, Calf, the
Swiss-born expedition leader,
emphasized in an interview in
Panchkal that it was a team
effort that made it possible
for the six men to reach the
top Of Everest.
He said the expedition had
been the fulfillment Of an IL
year old dream and he hoped
1t showed the American public
that mountaineers were not
Just a bunch of nuts"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
BY ALAN b. KENNEDY
AP Correspondent

PANCHkAL, Nepal, June B.
Thin, sunburned and straved
for civilization, the victorious
Am erica n Everest expedition
camped among rice paddles in
this river bottom hamlet today
for their last night on the trail
They spoke longingly Of their
first glass Of beer to come.
The expedition is due ir
Katmandu tomorrow, and a big
celebration awaits them there
Some Of the men were already
sprucing UP their newly &C
quired boards. Others were
clean shaven.
The expedition struggled into
Panchkal, 40 miles east OF
Katmandu, in several groups
The men were bone-tired from
the 180-mile return trek over
Himalayan ridges after con-
quering the worlds highest
peak, 20,028-foot Mount Ever
est.
Most Of the men were
stripped to the waist but carried
their own packs. Porters fol.
lowed with tents and supplies
The Americans had lost from
10 to 80 pounds since they
set out for Everest from
Katamandu February 20.
The mountaineers fell eag-
erly on sandwiches and toma.
toes brought to Panchkal by ar
American correspondent. Since
February they had existed pri-
marily on canned foods, some
times augmented by chickens
purchased from Nepalese along
the trail.
Two members of the expedi-
tion-William Unsoeld, SO, Of
Corvallis, Greg, and Barry C
Bishop, 30, of Washington
d. C.-were already in Kat
mandu under treatment fol
frostbite suffered in the climb
Other members of the expedi.
ton were heartened by the
news they were responding well
to treatment.
Luther G. Jerstad, 26, OF
Eugene, Greg, who also suf-
fered frostbite but remained
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

establish a transit rider fund
they will just have to be re-
plenished by the amount drawn
This would amount to hav-
ing no transit rider fund anc
preserving the status quo or
fares.
Benefit Future Riders
The proposed settlement
however. specifies that the fund
be used to benefit future rid
ers. How this conflict is to bt
resolved is not clear.
The riders, however. are ap.
pealing the wMATc decision
Of April IL. One point in theil
appeal is a challenge to the
WMATC's justification of the
charges TO the depreciation re.
serve which the United States
Court of Appeals ruled were ir
error as of the time of the 1861
fare case.
If they can get the court tc
say that they are still unjusti-
fled charges, this would tenc
to preserve the transit rider
fund for future use.
The 1868 fare case appear:
headed for a long fight in the
courts, If the experience of the
1860 case is any guide. Thii
took approximately three years
There are delaying elements o.
that case, however, not present
in the 1868 case.
Appeals of D. c. Transit fare
orders now go directly to the
Appeals Court instead o.
through the lower District
Court first, for instance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
S2.4MiIIion Fund Poses
Transit Fares Dilemma
BY DAN GOTTLIEB
Star Staff Writer

D. Transts agreement last week to return about $24
million collected from past transit riders into fund for the
benefit of future riders is not likely to have effect its
fares in the future.
First of ALL the fund.- resulting from settlement of transit
rider appeals must approved by the United
States District Court Secondly the fund approved be-
subject Of controversy to when and how it to be
used.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Everest Climbers Iona
For Beer, Civilization

AP Correspondent AIon B. Kennedy
iourneyed TO Ponehkol, NepoI, to
meet the returning American Ever
est expedition. Here is his report,
sent by messenger to the NepoIese
capitol for relay to the United
Stotes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Longer Battle Avoided

AOAAbGA D&sSA~ AANOANS~
Assuming the settlement and
the fund are approved after
that date, then the Washing
ton Metropolitan Area Transit
Commission will have the res
possibility of deciding its use
The wMATC has indicated that
a transit rider fund may not
make any practical difference
on fares because of develop
ments since the two fare cases
contested by the riders. The
riders. however, can be expected
to insist that it does bring
some tangible benefits,
The settlement, however, did
prevent, In the opinion of OBJ
servers close to the cases. q
much longer battle over setting
up a fund.
Meanwhile, however, the
WMATC has cast a cloud over
the possibilities of using the
fund to actually reduce fares
or hold off future increases
In an opinion Of April IL grant
ing D. C. Transit an increase
in its token fares, the WMATC
argued that the basis for the
riders victory in a 1860 fare
case was the claim that GER
tain expenses claimed by the
company were not warranted
These were charges to reserves
for depreciation and track re-
moval.
Subsequently, the WMATC
opinion said, these charges
have been justified. If the re-
serves are drawn upon now tc
The chronicle., 1963-11-18
Women
BY MARY RODGERS
Two-In-0 One Appliance Meets
Every Cold Storage Problem
BY MARY RODGERS

Fresh food, frozen food, fami-
ly food, baby food = there's
room for it all in the new cleo
trio refrigerator-freezers. ~
lis a good idea to store all
the baby things together in one
Of The door shelves of the re-
frigerator section to make them
easi Y accessible. Prepared for
mula, fruit juices, sterile wa
ter, buildings, jars of baby food
that have been opened and re-
capped, vitaminS and medicines
that require chilling can all go
on one roomy door shelf.
All foods retain their quality
longer in a new electric refrige-
rator-freezer than in units only
a few years old. To make sure
of top quality follow h e S e
simple rules:
Keep refrigerator and freezer
doors closed as much as pos
Sible, since opening them t S
warm air in, causing the unit
The chronicle., 1963-11-18

Ito work harder to maintain the
right temperature. To cut down
on the number Of time doors
have to be opened, take out
everything you need for meal
making at one time. Use a tray
or assemble the items on a coun-
tertop. After a meal, put every
thing away at once, too, for
the same reason.
Meats deserve special atten-
ton. Always remove paper
bags and butcher wrappings
from fresh meat as soon as you
bring it home. Store it immedi-
ately in the special meat COM
Ipartment or in a shallow dish
covered lightly with waXed
paper or foil.
To avoid clutter, store I'M
opened jars of pickles, olives,
catsup, and cans on bottles of
non-frozen fruit juices in a cup
board until it's time to chill
them.