davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Aid for Skopie

Secretary Of Agriculture
Orville L. Freeman has Of
fered $50 million in Ameri-
can funds to rebuild the
quake-ruined city of Skopje.
Marshal Tito accepted imme-
diately and expressed his ap-
probation to the President
and to the Government and
people Of the United States.
The American people
should not have been In
cluded in the thank you"
since they had nothing to do
with this transaction. They
were not given an opportu-
nifty beforehand to express
themselves through their rep
resentatives in Congress as
to whether or not they we're
willing for $50 million Of
their tax dollars to be turned
over to a Communist die
tator.
The restoration Of a Com
munist city is not the busi-
ness Of the United States,
and when we supply money
to a Communist dictator, we
are helping a cause we sup
posedly are fighting.
Kitty L. Reynolds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
THE PASSING SCENE
Senate Reservations on Treaty
By WILLIAM S. WHITE

to repudiate the President in
this fateful arrangement but
which is all the same collec-
lively anxious about the
whole affair.
One easy way to look at 1t
would be to say that the Sem,
ate knows that it doesn't
know as much as the Presi-.
dent does about the degrees
of both opportunity and dam
ger and so is passing the buck
to history by writing outside
the text Of the treaty those
reservations and qualifica-
tons it would like to write
into that treaty itself. ~
Never to Be Unready
The more accurate estimate
is rather more difficult to de-
scribe. But it comes to this:
The Senate, having seen both
the Eisenhower and Kennedy
administrations caught off
base in earlier nuclear UNDER
standings broken by the Rus
slams when it suited their
purposes, Is resolved that
never again shall the United
States be unready, even in
the psychological sense, to re-
sumo testing literally at the
drop Of the hat. II
Again, one easy way Of
looking at it would be to say
that the Senate is suggesting
lack Of confidence in the
firmneSs of the President.
But it is not doing anything
Of the kind. No one suppoSes
this President is consciously
going to let down our secu-
rity any more than anyone
supposed Dwight Eisenhower
would consciously do so.
What the Senate is really do
ing is tee-totally binding the
"they" down below the Pres
ident-the advisers Of good
intentions whose view Of the
Russians is far more trust
ing than his-So that there
can be no alternative open to
them but to 60 instantly to
renewed testing If and when
the Russians should again
break faith.
This does not mean that
the President is not, in the
final sense, controlling in his
own house. But it does mean
that there is not toward
some of the Presidents as
sociates the same confidence
there is in him-or in any
other President. Every Presi-
dent-Kennedy or Eisenhow-
er or whoever - tends, as
time goes on, to become more
and more incloSed by the
palace guard which sur
rounds him. The Senate Is
making unwritten reserva-
lions, not about a President
but about a palace guard
not a dishonorable palace
guard, but a palace guard a
little too eagerly optimistic
about the Russians to suit
the sense Of the Senate.
O 1858
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21

The hue and cry raised by
a certain segment Of the In
dian press as well as by some
political leaders over the
Voice of America tranSmitter
deal with India betrayS,
however Internationally and
indirectly, a sense Of ingrati-
tude toward a friendly ma
ton that came to that coun-
try'S aid during the hour Of
her gravest peril only a few
months ago.
India needs a powerful
tranSmitter to counterfeit
Communist Chinese and
Pakistani propaganda against
her in Asia. This she cannot
obtain otherwise owing to
foreign exchange difficulties
and other pressing economic
problems. The Voice of
America <tranSmitter which
she will get under the agree
ment almost free Of costs
will be a potential weapon of
contemporaries as well
as an efficient wherewithal
to boost up the beaming
range of signals and thereby
the prestige of the govern
ment owned and operated
All-India Radio.
1t is therefore utterly in
comprehensive that anyone
should brand the United
States-India transmitter deal
as one compromising midas
policy of "non-alignment,"
and exhort the Indian gov
eminent to back out of an
agreement which in fact
would usher in a new era of
broadcasting in India, an
accomplishment which per-
hapS would not be possible
otherwise for many years. 1t is
equally hard to see any logic
in the argument that the
agreement under which the
Voice of America will have
daily three hours of relay ia
cilities over the tranSmitter
will jeopardize midas neu-
trality, especially when &C
cording to the Indian gov
eminent Interpretation, the
country has steadfastly chung
to the policy Of non-align-
ment despite acceptance Of
large consignmentS of the
Western military aid. Con-
trary to the views shared by
many, If India can remain
non-aligned by receiving the
United States arms aid and
by allowing Anglo-American
Joint air exercises over her
soil, installation Of a United
States transmitter and Civ
ing a few hours of relay ia
cilities to the Voice of Amer
lea for a limited period of
time certainly will not make
much difference.
Ranjan Bora.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21

Gay OF Hlr0Sh1ma, a new age
began: the age in which at
any given moment we are
able to transform any given
place on our planet, and even
our planet itself into a Hiro-
shima. Since that day we have
become Eat least modo mega
two omnipotent; since, on
the other hand, we also can
be wiped out at any moment,
we have also become totally
impotent. However long this
age may last. even if it should
last forever, it is the Last
Age, for there is no posi-
bility that its differentia
Specifica, the possibility of
our self-extermination, can
ever end-but by the end
ITSELF"
Anders points out that
what we are fighting is not
this or that enemy, who
could be attacked or liqui-
dated by atomic means, but
the atomic situation as
SUCH"
He ends by remarking that
warfare is no longer even an
outlet for violence, q man
may satisfy his aggressions
by driving a bayonet into an
enemy, but the pushing of q
button is not an action and
1t cannot crafty a hatred.
1T is ESSENTIAL TO
RECOGNIZE that most Of
the contributors are under
no illusions about Soviet
policy. Won Weizsaeker in
particular is very careful
about this even as he out
lines the ghastly because of
probably self-defeating logic
OF nuclear deterrence. The
Norwegian architect, Odd
Nansen, If more emotional,
is no less hard minded.
But what of civil disobedi-
ence2 It is thoroughly dis
cussed in theory and in prac-
tice by-among others-the
well-known British demon
strators, and two almost
equally well-known Africans.
Kenneth Kaunda Of Rho
desia and Ego TIA Of Nigeria.
Some contributors, Martin
Buber, Albert Schweitzer and
Dr. TIA, Tor example, view 1t
as being based In whole or
In part on religious concepts.
Others avoid religion-theo-
logical religion at least-and
seek a humanistic basis. Err
ich Fromm, as one might
expect, contributes q brilliant
discussion Of the different
varieties Of conscience, ODE
dience. and disobedience.
Mrs. Urquhart would have
done well to have completed
the picture with an essay by
any one Of a number Of dis
tinguished American Ne
groes. 1t is hard to imagine
why she has not done so.
"A Matter of Life" must
be widely read. It Is not
utopian nonsense. Very little
OF 1t is soft minded; some
Of 1t is not even compass
sionate. 1t is hard. bitter
sense. o..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Does Himself

II local BARRIERS need seven
years to acquire the technique
Of cutting colored hair, / sug-
gest, judging from the lamen-
table shearing now prevail
ing, that, like Biblical Jacob,
they add another seven years
to their training In cutting
white hair.
I have circumvented the
dual problem Of being robbed
and butchered, with q gla-
brous assist from mother
nature who has graced me
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
NucIeor Deterrent Is Debated

A MATTER or LIFE ed

A MATTER OF LIFE edited
by Clara Urquhart. 256 pp.
Little, Brown and Com
pany, $50
"A Matter of Life" is sup
posed to deal primarily with
the ethics of civil disobe6i-
ence. 1t does indeed discuss
the matter at some length,
but it also includes consid-
cradle debate about the
strategy as well as the eth
les - If that is the word -
Of the nuclear deterrent.
Mrs. Urquhart's book first
appeared in Great Britain
where civil disobedience as
a means Of protest against
the governments military
policies Is a going affair.
Hence, the connection Of the
two issues which to us seem
something less than close.
The contributors of the in
dividual essays come from
many nations and many
walks of life. Some, like Lord
Russell and Norman Cous-
ms, are old standbys. Others
are not. One, Sir Isaiah Ber-
lin, Chichele Professor of So
cial and Political Theory at
oxford. agrees that at times
civil disobedience is neces-
sary, but opposes its use as
a protest against present
British policy.
"a Matter of Life" is any,
thing but a pacifist book.
Among the contributors are
two old warriors, David Ben
Gurion and Lazaro Cardenas.
This is one Of the books great
strengths.
Its disappointments so far
as discussion Of weapons is
concerned arise from no fault
Of Mrs. Urquhart, but from
the present state Of the
world. There are no contribu-
tors on any topic from the
Communist world, though
the Sicilian architect Danilo
Dolci is the holder of a Len
in Peace Prize. With the ex-
ception of Mr.. Cousins, no
Americans are represented.
Still worse, only one pres
emily active nuclear physicist,
Carl-FrieGrich Won Weizsae-
ker, is represented.
WHAT is SAID HERE
about morality. ethics, politics
and military strategy is so i'm
portant-so overwhelmingly,
unutterably vital - that 1t is
fair to say that any policy
making official who fails to
dip into "A Matter OF Life" is
guilty Of nonfeasance. II goes
without saying that any citi-
zen who reads one or more
books about public affairs
a year must read Mrs. Urqu-
hart's book.
The first essay is a diff
cult and almost technical
work by the German philos-
opher Guenther Anders whose
popular book about Hirosh-
ina, Der Mann auf der
Breucke. is famous In Europe.
Here Is the essays begin
ming: "on August 8, 1945, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Scope of Zionism

4Ou are W NC COkIlFklII1euCeu
for your fair and extensive
article describing the current
investigation Of Zionist agen-
cies by the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee. The
sworn testimony has revealed
the complex apparatus by
which vast sums contributed
as philanthropy by Ameri-
cans Of Jewish faith are
ultimately used for polititi-
cal lobbying in the United
States without the knowledge
of the contributors. The fol-
lowing facts should be made
clear:
/. The sworn testimony
showed that at least IS mil
lion sent abroad for philan-
thropy was returned for
political use of the World
Zionist Organization In the
United States. This is the
same organization as the
Jewish Agency for Israel,
which is registered as a for
eign agent with the Justice
Department.
2. Current investigations
should not be construed as
affecting properly labeled
religious, educational or phil
anthropic institutions Of
Americans Of Jewish faith.
8. The vast majority Of
Americans-Jews and nom
Jews-have no knowledge of
the structure and the politi-
cal purposes of the World
Zionist Organization. It is
generally assumed to have
philanthropic aims but it is,
by its very definition, the
overseas arm of Jewish ma
tionalism. It operates as a
quasi = governmental agent
under a legislative act of the
Knesset (Parliament) Of the
State of Israel.
4. There is no question Of
the full attachment to the
best interests of the United
States of the more than S.
100000 U. s. Jews. 1t is dan
gerous, improper and patiently
false to interpret this inves-
tigation as implying dual
loyalty" beyond the announ-
ced commitment of the vari-
Gus Zionist organizations
themselves to the policies
resolved by, and directed
from, the Jewish Agency
Executive in Jerusalem. This
commitment is probably little.
understood or accepted ex-
cept by a small group of top
level Zionists.
5. This investigation Of
Zionism does not alter any
Americans right to support
or oppose policies of the
United States Government
with respect to the State Of
Israel. But such exercise Of
American rights must be
without suspicion Of any d.
rection, instigation or con-
troll on the part of the organ
ism of a foreign sovereignty.
1t is therefore wrong to as
sociate them automatically
with the religion or the re-
ligionists of Judaism.
For, in truth, no organiza-
ton or group Of organiza-
tons can represent all or
even most Americans of Jew
ish faith.
Leonard r. Sussman.
Executive Director, American
Council for Judaism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Reviews Versailles

IdhcIl III Ills T6lSTcIlCeS 10 Tile
question Of reservations" and
the Treaty Of Versailles in
1919. The so-called Lodge
Reservations" did not "nul-
lily" the treaty, and Senator
Hitchcock's so-called "inter-
pretative reservations" were
not reservations at all.
Debate on the treaty CEN
tered on our obligations I'M
der Article x of the Cove
nant Of the League of Ma
tons. Under its provisions
League members mutually
guaranteed each others in
dependence and territorial
integrity against external ag-
erosion. The Senate asked:
Does this obligate the United
States to provide military as
sistance, if necessary, in the
event Of aggression whenever
it appears?" President Wilson
said emphatically that it did
not. Congress, which under
the Constitution alone can
declare war, would be free
to determine in each instance
whether to provide military
assistance. He repeated this
publicly as the very clear
meaning Of our obligations
under Article x many times.
The Senate'S reservation on
Article x merely sought to
express this Interpretation in
a legally binding form as part
of our instrument of ratifica-
ton. To Senator McCumber,
who drafted it (not Senator
Lodge President Wilson had
publicly stated he had no OBJ
lection to the substance of
this reservation. What he OBJ
jected to and fatty rejected
were reservations" them
selves. He would only accept
what he diSin genuously
termed Interpretive reSer-
vations," expressing the same
ideas in a separate Senate
resolution but not as part of
our instrument of ratifica-
ton.
This was the crux of the
issue because a Senate resolu-
ton is nothing more than an
expression of opinion, while
a reservation" by definition
is part Of our instrument Of
ratification and as such le-
gally binding on the United
States Government. The Sen
ate rejected Senator Hitch
cocks Interpretive reserva-
tons" based on a draft pro-
posal Of President Wilson,
simply because they were not
reservations at all. Senator
Hitchcock in introducing
them avoided the issue of
reservations versus resolu-
tions by carefully emitting
the resolving clause, a man.
euver that did not escape
the Senate's attention.
President Wilson repeatedly
rejected reservations in prin-
ciple in public: to the Foreign
Relations Committee in Au-
gust, 1919, and in his jack
son Day Address in January,
26. 1920 he once more re-
jected the form" of reserva-
lions as unfortunate" al
though adhering to their sub
stance. In composing this
letter the President used in
part a draft proposed by his
secretary. Mr.. Tumulty, from
which he deliberately struck
out a paragraph accepting
the principle Of reservations
as an integral part Of the
treaty in our instrument Of
ratification.
The Treaty Of Versailles
was defeated on the issue Of
reservations or no reserva-
tons at all because the Presi-
dent made 1t clear to his
Senate supporters that he
would veto any treaty con-
tanning reservations by refus-
ing to exchange notifications
with the other signatories.
Only their dumb support Of
his position against their own
better judgment prevented
his being forced to this final
act.
James Il. Hewes, Jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21

with a partial permanent
haircut, by cutting my own
spare locks for the past few
years. The do it yourself
tonsorial operation has been
highly successful.
Leo E. Anderson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
An Executive Pledge

This is the true meaning Of
the bipartisan demand of the
Senate Armed Services Com
mittee for a written bill Of
particulars" from the admin
istration stating specifically,
and specifically pledging it
self to, those steps which the
joint Chiefs of Staff say will
be required to keep us at a
constant state of high readi-
ness for further nuclear
development.
Much has been made Of the
fact that the originator Of
this Senate demand is a sin
gle openly troubled and can
didly skeptical man-Senator
Jackson of Washington. What
is not, perhaps, generally I'M
derstood, however, is that
Senator jackson is anything
but alone. He is the hammer
in the hands Of the Senate
generally Senate which
quite rightly is not prepared
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21

In its slow and troubled
march toward ratifying the
partial nuclear test-ban treaty
with the Soviet Union the
United States Senate is stimuli
taneously negotiating a Sec
ond and no-less-grave pact
Of understanding.
This second and informal
treaty is not with the Rus
slams, but instead is with
President Kennedy-or, more
exactly, with the vast bu-
reaucracy under him.
It's purpose is to produce
black and white guarantees
that in making this risky &C
commodation in the cold war
the United States will never
for one moment. or in any
circumstances, let down its
nuclear guard.
In truth, two essentially
separate movements are go
ing on. The Senators whose
Jurisdiction is primarily for
eign policy-for illustration,
William Fulbright of Arkan-
sas, chairman of the Foreign
Relations Committee - are
writing a record by which the
Senate at length will "advise
and consent" to the Presi-
dents arrangement with the
Russians.
But those Senators whose
essential field Is national de-
fense-men like Richard Rus
sell of Georgia, John Stennis
of Mississippi and Henry
jackson Of WaShington-are
looking not so much at the
treaty as at what might lie
beyond. They are determined
to make certain that If the
Soviet Union again breaks its
word the bureaucracy of the
United States will have been
absolutely and beyond argu-
ment committed to resume
about testing on the instant
Of betrayal-if, indeed, be-
trayal comes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-21
Trunsmitter for India

Leo E. Anderson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-09

Here's whot we do for you:
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9 Mst1 tHlaG BaAn lnD sItImKs KsIn1lr..
q tAauUllI INSPECT NJ uoak poNl.
A. All 2 Market Tire Stores
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-09
Funk Suffers
Leg Injury
In Terp Drill

The University Of Maryland
started It's spring football prac-
tice yesterday and suffered a
major blow when Mike Funk,
one OF the key men In the
Terps' plans. suffered a leg In
Jury that will keep him out OF
further spring drills.
Funk, getting a trial at quar-
terback after starting at end
last season, suffered a torn
cartilage when pivoting In a
non-contact drills.
Maryland officials said today
that Funk will undergo an OPP
Grafton on the knee. which has
troubled him In the past. They
are hopeful that he will be able
TO play next fall. but 1t appears
likely that Coach Tom Nugent's
plan to shift Funk to quarter
back behind Dick Sinner will
have to be junked.
with Funk injured and Jim
Corcoran. last years No. 2 sig
nal-caller, sidelined academic
cally. Nugent Is expected 10
groom Hank Lilly, who former
ly played at Gonzaga High. as
Sinners replacement. Lilly.
while ineligible last season,
played quarterback on the
Terps' scout team.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-09
Maris Is Out
As Yankees
Open in K. T..

The Yankees begin their
drive for a fourth straight
American League pennant to-
day in Kansas City, but Roger
Maris, the man who hit 81
home runs in 1861, won't be
in the starting lineup.
MariS told Manager Ralph
Houk that his injured left leg
still bothered him after a work.
out yesterday. Houk immedi-
ately named Hector Lopez to
start in rightfield.
Three other games are sched-
uled for the American League
with the Senator'S and Orioles,
who opened yesterday, taking
the day off. The Red Sox,
making their debut under
Johnny Pesky, will be at Los
Angeles for a night game:
Cleveland, now under veteran
skipper Birdie Tebbetts, visits
Minnesota. and Chicago is at
Detroit.
AS Turn Gaudy
There will be more than new
faces in the lineups at Kansas
City. The Athletics, with moth
ing to defend but ninth place,
will come dashing out in their
new Kelly green and gold uni
forms. Owner Charles Finley,
who says he wants TO take the
dowdiness out of baseball, also
has invited the fans to deck
themselves out in green.
Eddie Lopat. the one-time
Yankee pitcher who now man.
ages the Athletics, has nomi-
mated Diego Segui (8-5) to
start against the world cham
pions. Whitley Ford. almost an
opening-day fixture for the
Yankees, has a sore left shoul-
der. so Ralph Terry (23-12)
gets the call instead.
Ray Herbert (20-9) will pitch
for the new-look White Sox
against Jim Burning 19-10)
lat Detroit. Manager AL Lopez
will have four newcomers IN
his White Sox lineup - Ron
Hansen, Pete Ward and Dave
Nicholson, all acquired in q
trade with the Orioles, plus
j. c. Martin, q converted third
baseman who will catch.
Rollins Jaw Broken
Camilo Pascual COLD will
pitch for the Twins against
Jim Grant (7-10 Of the In
dams. Sam Mele, who guided
the Twins to a second-place
finish in 1862, will have prac-
tically the same lineup as a
year ago with only Rich Roll
Inns, the AL sophomore of the
year, missing. He's sidelined
with a broken jaw, the result
of being hit by a wild pitch
from Detroit's Paul Foytack
Sunday.
The Indians open with
rockies Vic Davalillo in center
field, Tony Martinez at short
stop and Max Avis at third
base.
At Los Angeles it will be q
duel between righthanders Bill
Monbouquette (l5-l3) Of the
Red Sox and Ken Mcbride Ill
50 of the Angels. Monbouquette
had one Of the AIS no-hitters
last year while Mcbride won
10 games in a row before he
was put out of action with q
cracked rib. This will be the
first home opener for the
young Angels, who are start
ing their third season.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-09
Harrison Sturs
In CIV Net Win

Harvey Harrison. George
Washington's No. / tennis
player, led the Colonials to a
90 victory over Lafayette
yesterday. 1t was GW's seventh
triumph in nine starts.
Singles-Haryey Harrison (Gw) def.
Bob Durgan, lie, e.; Jerry Rudy
lGWl def. Larry Levin, 2--6, 60,
Cotton, 81. 60; Allan Green cow
def. Mike Campbell. "a, 8-3: Mark
Sherry lGW) def Pete Bloom. DO.
60; Dan Singer (oW) def. Jim
Doubles-Harrison and Rudy (Gw)
def. Durgan and Levin, 81. 80:
Green and Singer (dWl def. Cotton
s Rs SaT12BS % ae Bloom nd Ks M,b and
60, 0-1