davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
RICHARD WILSON,

BONN.--Congress will be
interested to know that
Richard N. Goodwin, one
time White House Assistant
on Latin American Affairs,
is busily organizing an Inter-
national Peace Corps.
This is the more interest,"
ing because Congress recently
refused to appropriate any
money for the purpose. An
$4,000 authorization was
killed, mainly through the
efforts of Representative
Glen Lipscomb. Republican
Of California.
Mr.. Goodwin, however. is
not deferred and is now OPP
Grating under the resounding
title Of Secretary General Of
the international Peace
Corps Secretariat. This COM
mittee was organized recently
in q conference in Puerto
Rico Of enthusiasts from 43
nations. The United States
Is putting UP part of the
money, apparently from
funds not specifically appro-
priated for this purpose.
Mr.. Goodwin's adventures
in government have not al
ways been happy ones.
Though he advised President
Kennedy during the 1860
presidential campaign on Gu
ba and was an adviser to the
United States Government at
the Punta Del Este confer
ence, he achieved no per-
manent status as q Latin
Ame rican expert. His
introduction to high levels Of
government was as q secre-
tary to a Supreme Court JUS
tice.
Now his enthusiasm for an
International Peace Corps is
unbounded. Mr.. Goodwin was
in Bonn vixen President Ken
nedy was there and, like Mr..
Kennedy, addressed the new
German Peace Corps, the
second to be organized out
side the United States. AS
was the case with the Peace
Corps in the beginning, and
with its successor Domestic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03

policy, as stated by Wash
ington and jefferson and
Hamilton. The skirmishes in
Congress in the next few
months viii be judged by an
exacting standard because
they concern this unfulfilled
American promise.
For us today the lesson of
Gettysburg is to be found not
in the glory of any soldier,
no matter how brave or en-
during, but in the still great
er granduer of Lincoln. With
his matchleSs compassion and
his devotion to ''man's vast
future" Lincoln could never
have been the friend Of in
justice and inequality. Nor
did he ever stand with the
impatient dogmatists, who
clamored for q swift solution
to ancient wrongs. Gettys-
burg has its admonition to
all factions in the current
controversy, if only they viii
consent to listen.
@ 1868
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
MAX FRIEDMAN
His Compassion and Devotion to Man
Is Called Gettysburg's Lesson Today

It did not take the wisdom
of later years to make men
see the somber meaning of
Gettysburg. Even at the time,
one hundred years ago, this
battle held the attention of
the whole Nation. Perhaps
Grants victories in the West
had a deeper military signif-
icance. But they never
touched the conscience and
compassion Of the divided
Nation as did the struggle
at Gettysburg. That is why
Lincoln went later to Gettys-
burg, and not to any other
site of battle, to mourn the
dead and proclaim his faith
in freedom.
To this day, historians and
military experts fight the
battle of Gettysburg yet again
to see If q change Of plan
or some lucky stroke in an
intrepid charge could have
altered the final result. Nor
is this an idle exercise. Get
tysburg belongs to a vanished
art of war when men counted
for more than machines. In
the age Of the rocket and
missile and push-button de-
vices of destruction. it seems
strange to wonder If the OUT
come would have been diff
ferent If Jeb Stuart had re-
NAMED in closer touch with
Lee, or If Stonewall Jackson
had been spared to fight once
more, or If Meade had shown
more energy in pursuit Of a
retreating foe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03

War, as historians from
Caesar to Churchill have re-
minded us, is always a chap
ter of accidents. Rarely even
in war have a succession of
accidents and the unpredict-
able impact Of personal de-
cisions so determined a great
military event. We are still
fascinated by Gettysburg. be-
cause men familiar to us, in
their pathos and glory, held
the hinge of American des-
tiny in their hands and
slowly bent it to a new pat
tern.
Just before Gettysburg the
Northern forces again suf-
fered the confusion of d.
vided counsels when Hooker
asked TO resign as command
ing general because Halleck,
back in Washington, ques-
toned his decision. Hooker
complained that he was I'M
able Ito maneuver his own
army in the presence of the
enemy" Mai. Gen. George
Meade succeeded him. In 10
months there had been five
changes in the. commanders
of the army that guarded
the approaches to Washing
ton.
Meanwhile the South
looked to Lee for victory,
and saw in his stalwart
genius the shield on which
the larger armies Of the
North would ultimately
break. Napoleon said that
Gin war men are nothing, a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
Presidents Visit With the Pope

haps not generally realized
that the United States had
consular representatives at
the Vatican from 1877 to
1884, while papal consular
officials served uninterrupt-
eddy in the United States
from 1926 to 1895. Regular
diplomatic relations were. in
itiated in 1848, with the
establishment Of an Amer
lean legation at the Vatican.
This mission continued until
1867, when Congress refused
to appropriate further funds.
Since 1892 the Vatican has
been represented in WASH
ington by an apostolic dele
cation in q large and hand
some residence, but the dele
cation has never been ac-
corded diplomatic status by
the American Government.
President Franklin d.
Roosevelt in 1899 sent the
late Myron c. Taylor to the
Vatican as his personal rep
resentative during World
War II. Mr.. Taylor contin-
ued in the same capacity
under the Truman admins
tration until 1850. President
Truman in 1851 submitted to
the Senate the name Of Gen.
Mark w. Clark to be Ameri-
can Ambassador to the Vati-
can. It was a formal move to
establish full diplomatic re-
lations. Strong opposition to
the idea developed, and Gen.
Clark requested that his
name be withdrawn from
nomination. No other nomi-
nee was submitted for ap-
prevail by the Senate, and
the whole plan was dropped.
So there is at least a prece-
dent for proposing diplomatic
relations with the Vatican.
Talk Of it often arises large
ly because Of the desire to
achieve a liaison status with
a most influential instrument
tally in the world of diplo-
macy. Whether this will ever
come about while a Roman
Catholic is President Of the
United States or whether it
will be achieved some day
when q Protestant is Presi-
dent Is one Of the questions
which is the subject of con-
siderable speculation among
political observers. 1t is given
renewed attention whenever
a President and a Pope en-
gage in private conference
at Rome.
@ 1868, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
INTERPRETIVE REPORT
Outcome Of u. S. Gamble
Near in Argentine Election
INTERPRETIVE REPORT

while Argentina drifted on the
shifting sands Of chaos.
But by last July the policy
makers here began to recuper-
ate. They saw that the power
struggle mainly within the mil
itary would determine whether
Argentina was to return to CT
villain constitutional govern
ment. They also saw that
deepening economic depression
could only aid the champions
Of new dictatorship.
The result was a conscious
decision to strengthen the
interim government Of Presi-
Carlos Ongania fought his way
possible. And after September
this resolve was immensely
strengthened when Gen. Juan
Carlos Angania fought his way
to the top of the Argentine
army with the pledge Of hold
ing new elections and return
ing the country to civilian rule.
At every turn the United
States government has broad
cast its determination to aid
that effort.
But perhaps the greatest i'm
pact has come In economies.
The United States has been
responsible for obtaining more
than $500 million in credits to
save Argentina from bank
ruptcy. The tactic has been to
show official confidence in the
enduring stability Of the coun-
try.
The result is that Argentina
has been able to stretch out
payments due this year and
next on a crushing foreign
debt Of $2.6 billion built up
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
BY GEORGE SHERMAN
Star staff Writer

One Of the biggest CANDLES
Of the United States in this
hemisphere nears the crucial
pay-off stage this week end in
Argentina.
For a year the Kennedy adj
ministration has done every
thing in its power to promote
a return to constitutional gov
eminent in It's southern pivot
of Latin America. On Sunday
the confused and bullied Ar
gentine electorate is finally to
cast ballots for a president and
congress.
Since March, 1862 the nation
has been ruled by q weak care
taker government which came
to power after irate military
leaders threw out President
Arturo Frondizi. He had al
lowed lieutenants Of exiled die
tator Juan Peron--and bitter
enemy of the military-to run
in and win congressional and
provincial elections.
The presidential custer and
subsequent closing Of Congress
threw United States policy into
q tailspin. The military had
acted contrary TO all the DEM
cs;ratic rules laid out nicely in
the new Alliance for Progress.
Political strategists here
were left high and dry with the
publicized promise Of $3.50 mil
lion Alliance credits deliberate
ly made before the elections to
bolster Frondizi stock. In the
succeeding three months the
United States maintained only
the coolest formal relations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03

under the Frondizi govern
ment.
Execution Of this policy Of
mutual admiration has largely
been in the skilled hands Of
U. s. Ambassador Robert Nc
Clintock in the Argentine capt.
tai Of Buenos Aires. No stranger
to military and civilian intrigue,
he was United States ambas-
sador in Lebanon when Amer
lean troops landed in 1858. In
Argentina he has somehow
managed to maintain contact
with all groups in the political
struggle, without alternating
any of them.
The game has not been an
easy one. The United States
refusal to go beyond declara-
tons in favor Of constitutional
government has angered both
civilians and military extrem-
lists.
Even the most starry-eyed
optimists here are not prepared
to predict that the United
States gamble will pay off. Only
days before the Sunday cleo
tons. 1t still is not clear who
are the presidential candidates
let alone who will win. Most
people expect an indecisive re-
suit which will throw the final
choice Of president to the ma
tional college Of electors meet
ing on July 81.
But at this point, officials
are congratulating themselves
that Argentina has survived
the year Of troubles" to reach
even this first point in the
electoral process.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
MAX FRIEDMAN
Grandeur of Abraham Lincoln

man is everything" The
chlvalry Of Lee would have
kept him from turning this
brutal military aphorism
against the patient heroisn
which sustained the South
ern soldier. But Lee certainly
confirms Napoleon's truth
that in the shaping of bat
ties mere numbers count for
little when placed against
the towering fact of military
genius. The South was new
er daunted by the superior
size and strength of the
Northern forces. It regarded
these odds as the inevitable
tribute Of the North to the
leadership Of Lee and the
value Of his captains in war.
For tremendous months this
was no braggart'S boast but
the star of victory.
Certainly at Gettysburg, if
anywhere on the field of
battle, there is honor enough
for everyone, if one can
think of honor after the pain
of the losses. The bleeding
did not stop with Gettys-
burg. Desperate marches,
many forlorn causes, the
strife of vast armies. the
sudden fury of battle, and
the pitiless pressure Of
avenging war - all this had
to be endured before the last
day at Appomattox. But the
end was in sight in the stub
born glory Of Gettysburg.
Wise and sensitive Ameri-
cans often regret the compul-
sion Of memory which drives
us to dwell on the men and
events Of the Civil War. They
are right, profoundly right,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
DAVID LAWRENCE

There must be a wall Of
separation" between church
and state, says the Supreme
Court of the United States.
In public schools supported
by Government money, even
a brief prayer is not per-
mitted by the court.
Now some new questions
are being asked here: Did
President Kennedy. wisely or
unwisely, ignore the separa-
ton doctrine when he pre-
sented. as a gift to Pope
Paul VI. a gilt desk box on
the lid of which are en-
graved not only the papal
seal but the seal Of the Pres
ident Of the United States,
which is usually reserved for
imprint on official commu-
nications? Was this SYM
bolic, rather than indicative
Of a formal relationship such
as might occur naturally
between heads Of state?
Diplomatic niceties were
brushed aside also when
the Pope himself, in the
presence of the President on
Tuesday, made an address in
which he said in part:
I'VE are ever mindful in
our prayers Of the efforts to
insure to all your citizens
the equal benefits of citizen
ship which have as their
foundation the equality Of all
men because of their dignity
as persons and children Of
God"
This comment on what
some might call a problem of
internal politics"-the racial
controversy in the United
States-illustrates the ten
dency nowadays to ignore the
rigid lines Of formality with
respect to matters within a
country which are deemed to
havea distinctly moral aspect
when viewed from the outside.
This has always been the
traditional Vatican attitude,
though lately, out Of a kind
of new difference perhaps to
the power Of the Soviet Union
in the world, there has been
less outright condemnation of
communism and Of the per-
secution Of Christians that
was so unequivocally express
ed In previous years.
Two other Presidents be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
A Question Of Relationship Between
Heads Of State Found in Gift to PontiH

sides MIR. Kennedy have visit
ed the Vatican. President
Wilson in January, 1919 had
a private audience with Pope
Benedict XIV. who then re-
ceived the members Of the
presidential party and news
papermen, in which latter
group this correspondent hap
pened to be. The visit was
important at the time be-
cause President Wilson was
anxious to mobilize world
opinion behind the League Of
Nations and realized the sup
port Of the Vatican meant
much in Latin America and
in other countries where the
Catholic religion was en-
braced by a majority Of the
people.
It was In December, 1859
that President Eisenhower, in
the course Of a worldwide
tour-also in behalf Of the
cause of peace-had a half
hour visit with Pope John
XIII at the Vatican. It
started speculation at the
time as to whether the call
was a possible forerunner of
diplomatic recognition Of the
papal regime by the United
States. But the elaborate
trappings of a state visit we're
omitted to avoid giving that
impression. Pope John re-
quested, however, that the
Star Spangled Banner be
played and that special marks
of respect be given. The dis
cussion conferred on efforts to
relax world tension and adj
vance the cause of peace.
President Kennedy's con-
ference with Pope Paul this
week comes at g. critical time
in world affairs when the
moral forces of mankind are
being modified to help in
fluence the Russian people
to develop a government
which will join the free ma
tons in removing the fear Of
nuclear war.
Mr.. Kennedy happens to
be the first Roman Catholic
elected President of the
Z. United States. and it is
doubtful he would wish to re-
vive the question of diplo-
matte recognition of the Vat
lean by the American gov
eminent because of the i'm
pact Of such a proposal on
domestic politics. It is per-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-07-03
Official Honored

Miss Mary E. Switzer, United
States Commissioner Of Voca-
tional Rehabilitation, was
awarded a plaque last night
in recognition of her outstand-
ing services to the deaf. The
award was presented at q
Workshop for Lutherans on
Deafness and Rehabilitation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-31

very high ratio and 1t is superior to that
Of most American Orchestras. Selling
the orchestra to the public is part of
the managers job.
Our most active concert series has
performances Tuesday and Wednesday
evenings in Constitution Hall and then
the program and visiting star change
for the following week. The vast major
ity Of our concert tickets are sold by
subscription before the season begins.
Well over 1000 adults commit them
selves to our various concert series for
the whole season. Young subscribers
to our school concerts add another
10000 and these do not include the
thousands of young people who 60 to
our concerts inside the schools, which
are sponsored by leading business
firms and to which admission is free.
Purchasing talent and negotiating
contracts are other duties of the man.
ager. The conductor chooses the 05
musicians who play in our orchestra
and the manager negotiates their
contracts.
The conductor and manager to-
gether choose the visiting musicians
who appear as sOloists and guest con-
ductors during a season. Then it is up
to the manager to deal with the artists
representatives the most famous are
Sol Hurok and Arthur JudsOn-in
order to arrange dates which are
mutually acceptable and fees which
the orchestra can afford to pay and the
artists can afford to play for Booking
concert is something like playing q
chess game by mail Matching the avail
able dates for the artists with the dates
you have open requires quite bit Of
maneuvering and much more applica-
ton of the rules Of give and take than
you would usually have in pure bust
ness enterprise. In addition, this par
ticular chess game is played on board
called concert hall, which means that
the available dates In the auditOriums
in which we play, chiefly Constitution
Hall, have to be worked into the
planning.
The manager Of a symphony or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-31

chestra is also businessman. FOrtu-
nately, the business side of operating
an orchestra is one ofthe lightest Of the
burdens which must be faced. The rea-
SON is that the vast majority of its ex-
penses 60 into payroll = chiefly that of
the musicians and the only commOd-
ity we have to sell Is music itself, which
means that we have no problems of
inventory control. By maintaining a
careful accounting system, the bust
ness side of the symphony can largely
run ITSELF
Indeed, a highly competent though
small permanent staff is what makes
slightly more than bearable what my
distinguished colleague in Boston,
Thomas d. Perry, Jr, calls "this strange
and wonderful occupation" The
strangeness / have attempted to con-
vey already. No one man can do well
all of the things that he should do, as
have described them. No man entirely
in his right mind should want to. It is
Mr.. Perry's word wonderful" that up-
sets all logic and makes not only the
manager but everyone connected with
the symphony accept a preposterous
way of life. The satisfaction of having
had part in living and growing cul-
tural institution, and seeing every day
the evidences of the great and essen
tial good it creates through its services
to the community are the significant
rewards for our musicians, our staff
workers and our volunteers.
The wonderful world of the Ma
tional Symphony radiates from How
ard Mitchell, now about to celebrate
his fifteenth anniversary as conductor,
and his thirtieth year of association
with the orchestra. Only two conduc-
tors, Ormandy in Philadelphia and
Sell in Cleveland, have served longer
at the heads of their orchestras and
none has had as long an association
with his band as Howard Mitchell has
had with the National Symphony. It is
his vision and musicianship which
have transformed the National Sym
ph0ny into an orchestra that has won
such high respect nationally and inter-
natiOnally%
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24
FAIR BLUFF NEWS

send and Mr.. and Mrs. Louis
Rogers.
| Mr.. and Mrs. Wayne Bailey
left from Charlotte by plano
Sunday for visit of two weeks
in California. In Indiana they
will visit a son, Eiroy Bailey
and family.
Ray Thigpen and Doug Rog-
erS, summer school students at
Carolina Military School in
Maxton, came home for the
weekend.
Mrs. George c. Strickland,
Jr., Kathy 10 and Betty spent
last week with Mr.. Strickland
in Wilmington.
Mrs. June Waddell and in
FAINT daughter Helen Ayres,
came home Saturday from
Southeastern General Hospital,
Lumberton.
Spending some days last
week at Tyler's Retreat at
Crescent Beach were Mr.. and
Mrs. b. w. Tyler.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Venable
and son Leon of Durham have
been visiting Mr.. and Mrs.
Walton Parrish.
Cindy and Carolyn Waddell,
daughters of Mr.. and Mrs.
Jack Waddell Of Riegelwood
are spending the week with
their grandmother, Mrs. Frank
Waddell.
Billie Waddell was bust
ness visitor Saturday in Laur-
inburg.
Visiting Mr.. and Mrs. A. M.
Anderson last weekend was
Mrs. Shep Edmonds of Null
Inns, S. c.
Mrs. Celia Townsend Norris
of Raleigh was a recent week
end guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
LOUIS NUGGETS.
Enroute to their summer cot
tage at Crescent Beach, after
leaving their Farmville home,
Mr.. and Mrs. Jesse Hardy were
dinner guests Monday of Mr..
and Mrs. Paul Scott.
Mr.. and Mrs. Van r. Pow
ell visited b. c. Powell and
Bruce, Jr. after vacationing at
Myrtle Beach a week when re-
turning to Cheraw, S. c.
Thursday.
Mrs. Simon Herring and
Mrs. Edna Herring of Myrtle
Beach, S. c. and Mr.. and Mrs.
Pete Herring of Myrtle Beach,
S. c. were dinner guests CT
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert H. Hin
son.
Mr.. and Mrs. Poe Barnes
were Saturday dinner guests
of DR.. and Mrs. Thad Bethea
at their beach home on Hog
Island.
Mrs. Marcus Turner and
son, Marc visited in Tabor City
recently.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24

of Wilson Hall. dormitory for
women students, for the Sum
mer Session at East Carolina
College.
Dormitory officers at the
college carry out a number of
duties connected with the Stu
dent Government Association,
social life in the residence hall,
and the general welfare of
students.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24

\. no ! Tor his device designed
10 give a multiplied tractive
power to the locomotive and
TO prevent the evil Of the slid
ing Of the wheels"
samuel Morse is remember
ed chiefly for his invention Of
me electric telegraph and
Morse code. but he was also
one Of the finest early Ameri-
can portrait painters, accord
ing to World Book Encyclo-
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1963-07-24

lude these words OF Christ
Jesus: "Ye shall know the
truth, and the truth shall make
you free" (JOhn 1922.
Related readings from "Sci-
ence and Health with Key 10
the Scriptures" by Mary Bak-
er Eddy will also be heard and
will include the following:
Prayer cannot change the I'M
alterable Truth, nor can pray
er alone give us an under
standing OF Truth; but prayer.
coupled with Il fcrvcnt habit