davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15
Here Are Choices Available
I'm Mdy Wheat Referendum

the non-certificate wheat -
would have a price support of
$1.30 per bushel.
Each producers acreage allot-
ment would be cut by 10 percent
for which he would receive a
payment for diversion equal to
80 percent of the So support
price times his average yield.
In addition, a grower may di-
vert an extra 20 percent of his
1864 allotment for which the di-
version payment would be on a
so percent basis.
If a producer does not have
enough wheat to match the
marketing certificates for his
farm because of a crop failure
or use of the wheat on the farm,
the certificates may be redeem
ed at 70 cents per bushel at the
county ASC office. This is
known as the insurance" fea-
ture.
If the referendum is defeated:
Price supports would fall to
so percent of parity = about
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

al production of wheat will be
about IL billion bushels, a little
under the national quota be-
cause Of expected voluntary di-
versions with approval of the
program; while with a no-vote
US. wheat production will shoot
to LIS billion bushels or more
depending on conditions adding
at least 300 million bushels to
the government carryover. A
yes-vote will permit reducing
the carryover by 100 to $50 mil
lion bushels more.
For Montana a national no.
vote could mean a loss Of about
$4,000, 900 a year on a normal
crop. This would be a heavy
blow not only to farm people
but to the entire business econ
omy of the state.
Price for wheat is an impor-
tant matter to be concerned
about in the forthcoming refer
endum. But that is not all. An
other matter of extreme impor-
lance is the credit base for many
farm operators. Because of the
need for much capital and high
operating costs, many farm ope-
rators must make much use of
credit. What will happen to the
credit base if growers disap-
prove of the higher benefits in
the wheat program? I am told
that when a farmer comes in to
expand his loan, extend it or get
a new loan, the credit agency
takes a good, hard look at his
wheat allotment and the expect
ed supports. Deeply involved in
the credit plan for many an ope-
rator is the income for carrying
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

When wheat farmers vote i'll
the national referendum on May
Fl to determine whether or not
to accept the wheat program for
1864, they will be voting on a
plan that has been discussed by
Congress for the last 80 years.
The issue is clear-cut. If two
thirds Of the voters decide they
want to cut back production
without lowering their wheat
income, the wheat certificate
plan will be in effect for
next years crop. If the program
is rejected, there would be I'M
limited production and low
prices. Here, then, is a sum-
mary of what would happen
with a eyes" or "no" vote:
If the wheat program
is adopted:
Producers would receive
wheat marketing certificates
representing 80 percent of their
normal production. This wheat
would be supported at 81 per
buShel.
The remaining 20 percent =
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

not more than Is acres. He
would not be eligible to vote in
the referendum or to receive di-
version payments.
Although farmers have histor-
ically voted in favor of produc-
ton control in return for price
supports, the certificate pro-
gram, by limiting both the num-
Der of bushels a farmer can mar
ket and the number of acres he
can plant, is more positive than
past programs.
Without a program, however,
few farmers would abide by
their allotments and acreage
planted would jump to nearly
IS million acres. Farmers would
plant 49.5 million acres if the
program is approved.
Studies indicate that the 1915
million additional acres would
boost production to the point
where the price would drop to
less than 81 per bushel, result
ing in a $500 million loss to the
farmer.
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

SIPS per bushel = for those pro-
ducers who stay within their
1864 acreage allotments. Grow
ers exceeding their allotment
would receive no price support.
There would be no acreage
diversion program.
For small. rs acre" growers:
Each farm will have an allot-
ment based on the larger of Cd
the farms allotment based on
the national allotment or (2) 80
percent of the average 1959-60-
81 wheat acreage but no more
than Is acres.
If a small grower decides to
participate he may vote in the
referendum, receive his share of
certificates, qualify for price
supports and receive diversion
payments. In addition, he has
the option of %diverting all his
allotment and receive the high
so percent rate.
If a small producer decides
not to participate, he may grow
his 1959-61 average acreage but
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

crease in agricultural
income. The $50 in
crease in farm mach
inery purchases in the
first quarter of 1868
is uncontrovertible
proof of what the pro-
gram would do if per-
mitted to operate.
Dent fear loss of
freedom by delegat-
ing authority neces-
sary for a good admin
istrative job so long as
termination at will
rests with the people.
The freedom issue is a
'bogie' scare intended
to stampede the vot-
ers. Such tactics are
always used when facts
are lacking.
How can the oppoSi-
ton promise new wheat
legislation when they
failed in their all out
attempt to defeat the
proposal that was en-
acted?"
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15


F~eferendum wer
|wn, many small
go out of wheat
BITE crops would
than wheat
10 a bushel.
bny ways that 9
bwer will be bet
Yes vote, he said.
the fact he will
b certificates on
Etion of the crop
rs certificates
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

! income about a
method of
(ation'S needs for
b one-third of the
IS of the nation
referendum May
hat we will have:
bn acreage allot-
be in effect; price
Frop to so percent
|out $1.20 a bushel
Eers who stay in
their acreage al
|ontana this would
a bushel on the
likely well below
b the market.
bry a S to be-
the growers vote
t referendum pro-
bat IN 1864 will be
BED.
will follow price
B with a no-vote.
axe up for loss of
shel, many grow
fpt to grow more
will likely see
beat fence-line-to-
into the section
|ere are no fences.
peat productivity
armerS, there will
ous o~utpouring of
|ther depress the
lntains of cheap
nake feed grains
s will attempt to
OF their cheap
g it into livestock;
sstOek production
huge numbers OF
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15
Eligibility Rules
Are Given for
Wheat Growers

Rules of eligibility for voting
in the wheat referendum have
been announced by the Asses
information division, as follows:
Producers who have an inter-
est in a 1864 farm wheat acre
age allotment are eligible to
vote in the 1864 wheat market
ing quota referendum. How
ever, if the allotment is less
than Is acres, the operator must
elect 7 days prior to date of such
referendum to participate as an
allotment grower in 1864 if he
and other producers on the
farm wish 20 vote in the refer
endum, This election is made
p.y signing in the space provid-
ed ON the back of the regular al
1otment notice, MQ-24 for the
farm or on another copy of the
form provided by the county
ASC office.
A person may cast only one
ba 1lot in the referendum regard
less o. the number of wheat
farms in which he is interested;
except:
l. Individual members Of a
partnership shall each have a
vote, but the partnership as such
shall not have a vote.
2. A person may also vote as
the representative of an organi-
cation, such as a corporation.
Such an organization is entitled
to only one vote.
3. A person may also vote as
the administrator or executor OF
an estate, or as a trustee or
guardian, but the persons whom
he represents are not eligible.
Producers who have an inter-
est in an allotment include:
1. Landowners who receive all
or a share of the wheat crop or
proceeds thereof. Landowners
who rent their land to a tenant
for cash are not eligible. In the
event land is owned jointly by
two or more persons, joint own
ers (both names on the deed) are
eligible to vote if the allotment
is on the jointly owned prop
erty.
2. Tenants or Sharecroppers
having an interest in the farm
acreage allotment because of
sharing in the wheat crop or
proceeds thereof. Producers who
lease land as joint tenants (both
names on the lease) are each
eligible to vote.
Example: (a) Husband and
wife both sign written lease to
operate farm-both are eligible
to vote.
(b) Only the husband signs
written lease to operate farm
only the husband will be eligi-
BILE to vote.
(c) Husband and wife lease
the farm on a verbal lease with
the owner, and the county COM
mittee determines that both are
responsible for carrying out the
tenant obligations under the
lease.
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

ALFRED ANDERSON:
State Commissioner of Agri-
culture 1949 to 1853 says: I
am strong for a Yes vote in
the referendum because it gives
assurance of a sensible ap-
preach to the wheat problem
A trial run in 1862 resulted
in substantial reduction of sur
pluses and a billion dollars in
The Sidney herald., 1963-05-15

Clarence Sheldon stressed the
great need to pass the wheat
referendum which comes up in
May, at the March 20 conven-
ton of Flathead County Farm
ers Union.
Evening star., 1963-01-17
RALPH McGILL
A Christmas Card From Africa

built in a day. or that the
present position of developed
nations is a result Of two or
three hundred years Of as
sociation with the industrial
revolution that began with
steam, will stay them. The
values old to us are bright
and shiny new for them
and the attraction is irresist-
ible.
This, indeed, is the major
problem Of those who came to
political power in the new
nations. Their people are not
ready for independence and
the responsibilities Of It.
There are not enough trained
leaders in education, in in
dustry, in medicine, In gov
ernment, or any other field.
So we see the new leaders,
trying to ride such a tiger,
all too often resorting to
tyranny or grasping at any
straw that comes by in the
desperate turbulence Of their
problem. They are not ready
but the worm has entered
the apple. and their people
will not wait.
So what does a developed"
country do7 II can at least
read Commissioner Edwards
Christmas card from the
Cameroons.
(All Rishts Reseryed)
Evening star., 1963-01-17
DAVID LAWRENCE
Politics and Kennedy Tax Cuts

Democrats in the 1854 elec-
ton. But there is also the pos
sibility that the tax cuts will
not spur the economy because
of the presence of other fac
tors, such as the insistence Of
laber-union leaders on higher
wage rates as their share Of
the savings from a lowering
of corporate taxes. Naturally,
the employers will then want
to increase prices. If the in
creased wage costs cannot be
offset by higher prices, more
profit squeezes" will develop
and the Treasury will get less
tax receipts than 1t has anti
cipated.
Altogether, America is in
for a period of economic con-
fusion and an era of uncer-
tainty that is not conducive
to the development Of the
confidence so essential to
business planning. Juggling
budget figures for political
purposes may win the 1864
election, but the state-of-
the-Union messages in 1865,
1867 and 1868 will have to
acknowledge the futility of
relying on tax cuts alone to
stimulate sound business
growth. 1t is already con-
ceded by high officials that
the budget will not be bal
anced until 1867.
An inflationary price wave
seems certain to cut down
the purchasing power of the
dollar to the lowest point in
so years. This is because the
idea Of cutting-down nom
defense expenditures has
been scorned by the admin
stration.
Evidently the theories Of
the l930s that kept Ameri-
cas- unemployment figures
high, as pump printing"
failed. are being applied
again. If a tax cut doesn't
stimulate the economy this
year or next, will it be argued
that higher deficits will then
be in order2 This dilemma
will someday confront an
administration which is bor-
rowing billions to reduce
taxes.
(copyright, 1963)
Evening star., 1963-01-17
DORIS FLEESON
Efforts by Moderotes and Liberals
Found in Opening Senate Activities

The big political story
emerging from the first few
days of Senate operations is
the effort of Democratic
moderates and liberals to
form a survival party for
1864.
The new fight to liberalize
the Senate rules is part Of
it. So is the leadership taken
by Senator Humphrey, the
party's liberal whip, in that
fight and his candidacy for
chairman of the Senate DEM
ocratic Campaign Committee.
The urgency attaching to it
stems from a few simple
facts. OF 33 Senators up next
year, "a are Democrats, only
three of whom are from the
Deep South. Even those
Southerners have problems of
health and internal politics.
The 81 others can expect
vigorous Republican opposi-
ton and fear a future which
does not contain at least a
few triumphs on bread and
butter issues.
The unusual imbalance in
the class Of 1864 results from
the great breakthrough in
1858 when Democrats won
control Of the Senate by a
handsome majority despite
the efforts Of the then Presi-
dent Eisenhower. In contrast,
the group up last fall in
cluded 10 Democrats and is
Republicans; in 1866 roughly
the same ratio will prevail.
President Kennedy will, Of
Evening star., 1963-01-17

heavy tanks, the production
is below that of a few years
ago. From low echelon Com
munist leadership on to the
hierarchy there is a growing
disgust and contempt for the
bungling of the top leader
ship. Increased hardships
and failures of bureaucracy,
after boastful promises by
the Kremlin that Russian
production would soon sur
pass that of the free world
and especially the U. S. A.,
raising the temperature
Of the already sick Com
munist leadership.
This was felt in the past
only regionally-such as in
the Ukraine when the crops
failed. The rebellion Of the
people was easily suppressed
by the police and armed
forces by killing thousands
Of 'deviationists." Now it ap-
pears that the discomfort is
spreading to the whole area
from the Vistula to Siberia.
And it is compounded by the
fact that corruption, thievery
and abuse Of power by high
and low officials is becoming
worse than in the days of the
Cars. The Russian people
who don't seem to object to
all kinds of oppression by the
Communist regime. strongly
resent being barefacedly
cheated.
These conditions do not
spell actual mass uprisings;
the Russian masses" are not
now and never have been
revolutionaries. They have
always accepted their fate
with oriental fatalism. The
important factor is that the
power groups within the
Kremlin could take advant-
age of the situation to upset
the present leadership. A
dog eat dog" situation can
easily occur.
While in Washington it
is believed that a successor
to Mr.. Khrushchev could
bring to power a more diff
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Party Believed Aided, Even if Congress
Skips Reduction After First Year

budget figures for years now
say that the Presidents esti-
mate of a deficit of around
$12 billion for the fiscal year
ahead is too rosy a predic-
ton. They think the de-
ficit will go much higher.
1t is always difficult, Of
course, to estimate tax re-
ceipts. Under the Eisenhower
administration and its pred
ecessors, the final figures
often varied from those fore
cast, but the percentage Of
overestimate has seldom been
as big as the one Mr.. Kenne-
dy made in his state-of-the
Union message in January,
1862.
Plainly, the new device Of
spreading the tax cuts over
three years will not tend to
clarity the picture. Individ-
uals will not know when or
whether they will get the
promised tax cuts. Congress
has a way Of changing its
mind from session to session
about legislation projected
for the future. Thus, for nine
straight years Congress has
declined to permit certain
taxes to expire at the time
set under the laws previously
written. Instead, these taxes
have been regularly retained.
Many members Of Congress
are by no means convinced
that the Presidents new for
mula will ever be applied as
he outlines 1t. For If economic
conditions get worse instead
Of better, there may have to
be changes in the formula.
Also, If business does boom
and big deficits still continue,
the demand will be for a cut
in the deficits by postponing
some Of the tax cuts.
The whole picture is, Of
course, political. The admin
istration apparently feels
that, by promising cuts in
three separate years, the
voter will look forward to
them and will reward the
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Deterioration in Communist Area

cult man to deal with, here
the thinking is of an oppo-
site nature. A court up
heaval" in the Soviet Union
could undermine its whole
structure Just when Russia's
position in regard to China
is precarious. This is consid-
cred as an important asset
for the free world.
Conditions in the satellite
countries are equally bad.
Czechoslovakia, for instance,
is suffering unprecedented
hardships. It's economy, ex-
cept for arms and heavy in
dustry production, is in a
state of near collapse--NCl se
than that country has ever
experienced. Electricity is
strictly rationed for consum-
ers in order to enable heavy
industry to produce. Food
shortages are worse than
during the war. Here, too,
the high and low officials
of the Communist Party
have been caught with their
hands in the cookie jar, and
the Czechs have become
more restless than they were
in the last days of the
Hapsburg empire. Conditions
are no different in the other
satellites such as Poland,
Romania, Hungary and East
Germany.
So long as Mr.. Khrushchev
could boast of important
bloodless victories over the
Capitalists and coIonialists"
his domination was accepted
in the USSR and the satel-
lites. But the quick retreat in
Cuba and the slaps in the
face he received from China
have weakened his hold in
Russia. This is having a dis
tinct impact on the stooges
now precariously running the
satellites.
OF course, it is added by
Swiss observers, the apparent
delicate handling by Wash
ington of Mr.. Khrushchev
may help him overcome this
crisis. And, once that is ac-
complished, he probably will
once more change his smiles
to snarls.
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Hunters, Interior
Are Blamed In
Whooping Loss
BY the Associated Press

Hunters who can't tell a
whooping crane from a sand
hill crane have been blamed
by a Congressman for killing
s OF the last 80 whooping cranes
left in hte world.
And the fault lies with the
Department Of Interior. said
Representative Reuss, Demo-
crat Of Wisconsin. for allowing
an open hunting season on the
sandhill crane in Texas and
New Mexico.
Il am confident that what
happened" Mr.. Reuss said. "is
that the .trigger-happy Texas
and New Mexico hunters who
were shooting at sandhill
cranes last fall accounted for
the six missing whooping
cranes"
Only the most knowledgeable
bird watcher can tell a whoop-
ing crane from q sandhill
crane, Mr.. Reuss said. He
urged closing the season on
sandhill cranes.
Evening star., 1963-01-17
Peace Corps Couple Find Sharp Lesson
Of Underdeveloped Peoples Problem

side-by-side with all that is
contained in the substance Of
the lines they composed.
Every day they see hunger,
disease and babies who will
not live to be five years old
because of malnutrition and
Ignorance Of sanitation. They
are but two of four teachers
working TO tighten the
weighty needs Of a great mass
OF people and to train more
teachers who can attack the
long-accumulated problem OF
superstitions and custom S
that are so incongruous and
pathetic in an era Of spec
tacular scientific and medical
achievements that prolong
health and usefulness.
The problem Of what we
too-glibly call the underde-
veloped countries is so vast
as to present what appears TO
be an impossible task. But
the plain and awesome truth
is that 1t will not let us be.
We cannot ignore 1t. II we
the United States and the
other developed nations
do not go 10 II, then II will
come to us, directly or in
directly. There is no escaping
this any more than there is
the existence OF nuclear
weapons and the possibility
OF their use. eve are be-
ginning TO see that our own
domestic problems Of race.
slums and those produced by
the new technoloeies. will not
go away. either. We cannot
close our eyes 10 themO
The worm has entered the
apple Of our world, and the
worm is communication.
Hundreds Of millions OF per-
sons, who for centuries have
lived in the oblivion OF Jungle
and mountain. Of isolated
plains and islands. now know
that there is education 10 be
had, that some people do not
live always with hunger and
disease. They are in a hurry
and no amount Of reminding
them that Rome was not
Evening star., 1963-01-17
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

JFK offers two-way budget Looked at way outgo
exceeds income But If turn it upside down, you'll
that the income is really far less than the outgo.
Khrushchev blasts Red China for advocating The
Reds suffering from that old Communist dsease-the
ism schism.
The Senate debates another effort to curb fbusters
Long before the Pentagon heard of the anmisse missile
the Senate invented the ant-talk talk.
The Supreme Court faces three school prayer
It's polishing up its motto: Learn now-pray later"
One fellows found way TO remember his all-dgt
telephone number He just adds six to and pretend
it's the national debt.
Reading a headline, "JFK Urges $40 Billion Tax Cut"
gentleman says his old ahead Of his time He
cut his taxes mere ten grandand they sent him up
for five years.
Evening star., 1963-01-17

course, seek reelection in
1864 and his standing in
opinion polls is now high.
But it is always a question
whether presidential coat
tails help other candidates.
Often Presidents profit vi
tally from strong Statewide
candidates, as Harry Truman
did in 1948.
The President probably will
help some of the ga Senators
and almost certainly will
handicap a few others.
One experienced campaign
technician estimates that the
only Democratic Senator as
sured of reelection in 1864
is Edward Kennedy Of Mas
sachuSetts who is filling out
the unexpired term of his
brother, the President. Some
of the rest, he comedies, have
more ground for optimism
than others, but he sees none
who will not need a we'll
planned, well-financed cam
paign.
Democratic Leader Mans
field, confronted with the
1864 difficulties of so many
in his flock, is showing once
again his distaste for the
clear-cut decision. He has
been proposing that the pres
ent Senate chairman, Senator
Hartke of Indiana, stay on
another year, apparently
fearing Southerners will be
offended by a Humphrey
choice.
Yet Senator Mansfield has
Evening star., 1963-01-17
U. U.S.Expecting
MOreRefugees

HAVANA, Jan. II (AP) "A
Swiss diplomat said today Fidel
Castro's government is expect
ed to allow a second planeload
of Cuban American citizens to
go to the United States tomor-
row.
The envoy, whose govern
ment handles United States in
terests in Cuba, said he did not
know how many would be sent
this time. More than 700 Amer
leans have filed applications
for repatriation.
The first group of SO men,
women and children of United
States citizenship arrived in
Miami by special plane last
Sunday. There were also 21
Cubans on the plane.
None of the estimated 25 to
80 Americans held prisoner by
Mr.. Castro's government was
on the first flight, and there
was no indication any would
be released tomorrow.
There are about 900 Ameri-
can citizens still in Cuba, most
of them children. About ITO are
working with the Castro gov
ernment.
The first group left aboard a
Pan American World Airways
plane which carried $4,000
pounds of medicines as part of
the ransom payment for the
lib Bay of Pigs invasion
prisoners returned to the Unit
ed States just before Christmas.
Almost 1000 relatives Of the
prisoners we're sent to the
United States by ship on De-
cember 81.