davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-03-31
BY JOHN SHERWOOD
star Staff Writer

Panama's San Bias Indians
must have thought DR.. Alexan-
der Wetmore a foolhardy man
Not only was he entering the
rain-forest jungles after night
fall and thereby tempting the
demons who ruled the darkness,
but he was taking this risk to
trap some birds.
This is how the former
secretary Of the Smithsonian
Institution spent his evenings
while making bird studies from
January Is to March is in
Panama. An honorary curator
of the Smithsonian's Division
Of Birds, he has been studying
the varied bird life in Panama
for two months every year
since i946.
The 76-year-old information
ally known ornithologist will
add 900 more birds to the
Smithsonian study collection as
a result Of his most recent ex-
pedition. A half dozen Of these
are entirely new species.
Most Of DR.. Wetmore's latest
bird trip was spent IN the land
Of the San Bias Indians on the
Caribbean sescoast hear the
Colombian border.
Travels Inland
Starting from the coastal
Indian village Of Armila. the
white-haired curator Travelled
inland with Is porters after
first getting permission to enter
Darien Province from the Local
chieftaln, the "Saghila."
The San Bias are very suspi-
cious Of outsiders. They are
proud and peaceful, but they
wanted to know what Dr. Wet
more was up to, II anyone else
was coming, and when he would
be leaving.
The chief was a very decent
chap" said the ornithologist
back home at his specimen
cluttered desk at the Museum
of Natural History.
Setting up camp in q jun
gle clearing, the former Ma
tional Geological Park super
intendent went out into the
dense forest alone In the eve
nings with a flashlight.
When he spotted q pair oi
eyes glowing in the dark, he
slipped UP" on the bird anc
captured It. II the bird proved
to be a specimen he was aftel
he would skin 1t and mount
it for study.
Jungle Awakes
! At dawn the jungle woult
awaken with the cries Of the
Evening star., 1963-03-31
THE FEDERAL SPOTLIGHT
College Democrats Are Told How
To Get Summer Government Job

thy Davies at the White
House"
Mrs. Davies is an assistant
10 Kenneth ODonnell. special
assistant TO President Kennedy,
and is handling Government
summer employment for the
White House.
The Democratic student pub
lication mentions that wash
ington's summertime lure Is
getting to- many college Young
Democrats this time Of the
year"
With such mpetition
among the Young Democrats.
II reminded them that a po-
litical letter Of recommended
tion TO the White House from
ones Senator or Congressman
may not be a guarantee" OF
getting a summer Job. II urges
the young Democrats TO follow
up ANY personal leads you
may have" In pursuing a Gov
ernment job.
The article concludes by re-
minding the Young Democrats
that II they have any further
questions they should contact
Jim Hunt, the college director
OF the Democratic National
Committee.
sas
/ GOVERNMENT CURE
ASKED - Bipartisan legisla-
ton 10 eliminate Government
activities and functions which
are In competition with private
industry has been introduced
In House and Senate.
The legislation would set up
a policy whereby Government
would not perform functions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
No Action Taken

DR., Hansen presented ~ pro-
posals for improving discipline In
the schools. Two rather firm and
Immediately controversial ones
we're these: To lift the ban on
the use OF corporal punishment
by teachers and the granting Of
authority 10 expel incorrigible
students under the age Of l6. Such
offenders, who are so disruptive
TO classroom order, could be as
signed TO special study groups.
The board took no immediate
action on the controversial pro-
posals, but assigned them TO its
Rules Committee for study and
recommendation The matter may
not come up again for Board &C
ton until April or later.
Or, Hansen also set forth some
sensible guidelines 10 responsible
ity for pupils, parents and teach
ers In his report 10 the board.
II they are followed they could.
along with congressional help in
the attack on the root sociological
problems. go a long way In bring
ing about order In the schools.
The citizenry OF the District will
be watching closely the decisions
Of the board and the Congress on
this matter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

up West Germany. Italy and the
Benelux as full participants. II
will be a major advance on the
road 10 Atlantic unity. blocked
by Mr.. de Gaulle's recent veto OF
Britain's Common Market appli-
cation.
II Mr.. Merchant fails, II will
be another severe blow TO Mr..
Kennedy's "interdependence" pol
icy. and may further fragmentize
the alliance. Failure 10 proceed
on the multi-national sc h e m e
probably also would encourage
France to try 10 organize It's
own European force. an event
which would have a shattering
impact on the whole framework
OF the Western alliance.
There is also a belief that II
the rest Of Europe Joins the multi
national scheme, France will give
UP It's ideas Of an independent nu-
clear force. Mr.. de Gaulle is the
only European leader 10 have
turned down the invitation 10 par
ticipate in the force.
The De Gaulle push 10 build a
French nuclear force has brought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

date there has been little agree
ment. The NASA scientists have
been obliged to start from the
very beginning. They have Just
announced one Of their deduc-
tons.
Meteors, or falling stars, are Of
very little concern on earth. Most
Of them are burned up in the
high atmosphere. Very rarely a
big one hits the ground. 1t is
quite different on the moon
where there is no atmosphere to
stop these particles from space.
The present calculations lead to
this picture Of the lunar surfaces.
In q cooperative research pro-
gram Of NASA. the United States
Geological Survey and the Uni
versity Of Iowa Research Center
investigations have been con-
Quoted on "the impact cratering
of rock targets considered to be
similar to the lunar surface ma
terials." Results to date indicate
that a minimum Of 10000 parti-
Giles Of rock flour and larger de-
bris are elected from a crater
created by q single impacting
projectile such as a micrometeor-
lite. When one considers the prob
able number Of such impacting
projectiles the resultant large
number Of secondary particles
would result in dust storms. The
large amount Of dust would be
destructive or at least a serious
hazard to both manned and I'M
manned lunar vehicles. This
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

traditional position Of the print
ers against arbitration. AS q mat
ter Of fact opposition to arbitra-
ton Is general among labor
unions and is one not usually
favored by the President himself.
The Presidents finger-pointing
was not well received by Mr.. Pow
ers or his National ITU boss or
by George Meany. president Of the
AFL-CIO All took issue with the
idea that labor is fully responsible
for the shutdown in New York.
They said five Of the nine news
papers involved were shutdown by
the publishers after only four had
been struck. Mr.. Meany told q
reporter:
THE city OF New York does not
have TO be without newspapers.
The unions have declared they
are willing TO continue publishing
five New York newspapers. But
these newspapers have locked out
their employees. This is a two-sided
situation"
Three non-striking newspaper
unions embraced Mr.. Kennedys
idea for an impartial umpire. So
did the publishers. But the print
ers' union has held back approval.
Its constitution does not permit
1t TO agree to compulsory arbitra-
ton and 1t fears that that Is
what the President has suggested
although he did not use the term.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

dropped by 10 per cent from 1850
to 1860. This means that more
funds are needed for public serv-
ices at a time when the tax source
is diminishing. In addition. the
Negro population, which has eco
nomic and social resources below
those Of the white population. has
become the majority, 81 per cent
to 46 per cent. Eighty-four per
cent Of the pupils in District public
schools are Negroes.
The presidential concern I'M
doubtedly has provoked a greater
interest in city problems on the
part Of some members Of Con-
gress, the citizens OF the Capital
and local officials. But Mr.. Ken
nedy's concern is not the only
factor. Lawlessness in the streets
and q lack Of adequate discipline
in many Of the public schools are
others.
Last week, the matter Of dis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Attenuation Factor

Additionally. the American sea-
mems unions are increasing their
demands while fighting desper-
ately against labor-savinR auto
nation, But not many observers
look upon new mechanical mar
wells as the cure-all for the ailing
industry Rather the general feel
Ing Is that labor and manage
ment have got TO come 10 some
reasonable agreemen on the
number OF men actually needed 10
man our commercial ships II the
American merchant marine Is TO
survive In health.
Elsewhere on the labor front,
President Kennedy spoke out
sharply on the strike which has
shut down New York City's news
papers for 10 days. He laid the
blame for the breakdown In coll
lective bargaining at the door OF
Bertram Powers, head OF a New
York local OF the International
Typographical Union.
Declaring that the strike has
''long since passed the point OF
public toleration," Mr.. Kennedy
called for settlement by "inde-
pendent determination OF some
kind" Asked II that was the same
thing as arbitration" the Presi-
dent said he had tried TO use a
different phrase" because Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
THE NATIONAL SCENE

responsibility and a special rela-
tionship to the District Of Column
bia."
Thus spoke President Kennedy
on January 10 when, breaking
precedent, he transmitted the
District budget with a separate
message TO Congress.
At a subsequent news confer
ence, In reply to a request for
comment on the Thanksgiving
Day riot at d. C. Stadium after
a high school football champion
ship game last year. the President
stated frankly his belief that nei-
ther the White House nor the
Congress has been concerned
enough about the Districts prob
lens and that 1t was time that
this situation was corrected.
For his own part, Mr.. Kennedy
has shown more interest In the
city's problems than any previous
President. He has a special adj
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

finding was too sweeping, but he
said that the results Of his own
inquiry corroborated I'm the
main" the charges on the serious
ness Of the disciplinary problem
in the schools He put It this way:
MY first reaction was: This
Just isn't so. Since then I have
made 1t my business to check, to
see whether I had been living in
isolation the reports from
1900 teachers and principals) in
the main corroborate the findings
of the Citizens Committee.
II have come TO the conclusion
after all this analysis that we
have not been realistic about the
problem Of the teacher In the
classroom. want TO say TO
the Board OF Education. In all
sincerity. 1t cannot be ignored.
II is there and II cannot be
swept under the rug . There is
no real safety in refusing TO take
aggressive action"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

ciplins in the schools took front
stage center.
School Supt. Carl F. Hansen
submitted a lengthy report to the
Board of Education on the recon-
mendations made by a special BIZ
racial Citizens Committee which
studied the Thanksgiving Day riot
at the Stadium. DR.. Shane Mac
Carthy, chairman Of the National
Youth Fitness Program during the
Eisenhower administration, headed
the committee, which stressed the
lack Of discipline and the inability
of many teachers to control their
classrooms.
DR.. Hansen's immediate reac-
ton TO the MacCarthy report was
that 1t exaggerated In finding an
atmosphere Of lawlesSness" pre-
vailed In the schools.
In making his report 10 the
school board, DR.. Hansen held 10
the belief that the MacCarthy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Continued From Pare d.

Continued From Pare d.
that the unions should take their
case to Congress. implying that
what they seek requires a change
In existing law.
The problem or the American
merchant marine is a critical one.
Congress has said in more than
one law that our goal should be
to carry at least so per cent Of
our own cargoes in international
trade. Today. American flag ships
haul only 10 per cent.
Some American shipping COM
panies probably could not stay In
business Ct certainly not under the
American flag-if 1t we're not for
Government (defense) subsidies.
The shippers who have registered
In Panama. Liberia and Honduras
maintain that they could not
meet world competition with
high-priced American crews.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

Continued From Page d.
and will supply the nuclear war;
heads.
Together with some OF the
United States Polaris-armed sub
marines, these British ships will
make up the underwater arm OF
the force. Other countries that
Join the force will most likely be
asked 10 build non-nuclear pow
cred surface ships TO carry Amer
lean Polaris missiles.
As President Kennedy noted at
his press conference. a surface
force would solve many Of the
technical problems although II
would create others. A surface
force could be put into service
sooner than a submarine one
and 1t would be much cheaper.
Such ships, however. can be
tracked by enemy submarines
quite easily. and are not as Sc
cure from attack as submarines.
Thus, whereas few nuclear sub
marines armed with Polaris mis-
slles could provide an excellent
deterrent force. a large number
Of ships some acting as decoys
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
The Foreign Scene

would be necessary to provide
similar protection above the water.
Italy, West Germany. Belgium
and the Netherlands already have
agreed "in principle" TO particle
pating In the multi national
force. They will be asked In COM
ing weeks by President Kennedy's
special envoy. Livingston Mer-
chant, whether they would be
willing TO pay a full share In the
costs Of the force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Liquid Fuel Motors

Major difficulties are expected
In the operation of motors with
liquid fuels. These, in any design
yet known, flow downhill. In
space, If they are used at all, they
will flow Just as easily uphill and
remain stationary in the tank.
A special problem arises in con-
sidering landings on the moon
where the gravitational hold is
much less than that on earth. II
the space craft hits with even a
slight bump on any solid surface
it would bounce not a few inches
as in the case Of an airplane on
earth but six to eight feet, three
or four times. 1t will be a rough
landing.
The geographical distance to
the moon. a mere 100000 miles to
be traversed at three or four miles
a second through the near emp
tiness beyond the earth's atmos-
phere-is the least part of the
problem. Some day 1t may be no
more than nice trip over a sum-
mer week end.
With the first such voyages
scheduled for only four or five
years from now, however, there
now is almost complete ignorance
about the nature Of this near
emptiness and the obstacles and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Usual Snoq

At his press conference Mr..
Kennedy noted that the test ban
talks we're running into the usual
obstacles. mostly dealing with on
site inspection. On the question
Of French participation. Mr.. Ken
nedy said II would be UP 10 the
Russians 10 do something about II.
In other words. as Mr.. Kennedy
sees a nuclear test ban. either side
can abrogate the treaty any time
II feels It's security is being chal-
lenged.
II Russia feels continued French
testing harms It's security. Mr..
Kennedy said II would have the
right TO break the agreement.
Likewise. II the United States felt
Chinas testing was harmlng Its
security, II could do the same.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

wiser at the White House on this
matter. He is seeking q more
realistic and substantially in
creased Federal payment (from
Congress) to the District.
He has urged the Commission
ers to show the way in the estab-
lishment of facilities where new
approaches to the treatment Of
mental illness might be demon
strated-if Congress will provide
the money. In the budget mes
sage mentioned above. he stressed
the need for more teachers, more
school buildings and more funds
for new textbooks.
Mr.. Kennedy pointed to the
changing characteristics In the
city's population and clearly in
dicated his belief that this is at
the root OF the major problems.
While the school-age and over
IS populations increased marked
ly, the wage earning group
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
D. {. Schools:
Discipline

School Supt. Hansen last
week recommended removal Of
the ban on corporal punishment
by teachers In District schools
and the custer Of incorrigible
pupils under l6 years Of age.
-. the problems OF the Dis
trict have become so critical as TO
challenge the national Govern
ment both the administration
and the Congress 10 redouble It's
understanding OF and interest in
It's Capital city. Because Wash
ington is the Nations Capital, the
national Government has, and
must continue TO have, a special
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Ultraviolet Photography

Space radiation, however, not
only constitutes a danger for men
and machines. 1t may be turned
to considerable advantage. Work
has just started, for example, on
experimental photography Of stars
in the ultraviolet. This is being
carried out under contract with
the University of Wisconsin. Sci
entists there will devise and de-
velop methods for stellar photog-
raphy at attitudes Of about 40
miles above the earth.
On the ground and at moderate
attitudes ultraviolet rays from the
the sun and stars are stopped by
the ozone in the earth's high at
mosphere. An advantage in space
will be the astronaut's ability to
orient his space ship to face to
stars above the ozone layer. This
will make possible a continuous
series of photographs in various
ultraviolet wave lengths.
Studies Of the problem Of
shielding against the charged
particle radiation in space now
are being pushed in several lab
oratories across the country and
, scientists have high hopes Of a
"breakthrough" in this most SEN
sitive field.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24

him into conflict with the United
States over q nuclear test ban.
France has never participated In
the soviet-American talks.
since Mr.. de Gaulle says he will
not stop testing until he has big
power nuclear parity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Legislative Changes

II they say yes. the Kennedy
administration probably will 90
10 Congress for legislative changes
In the laws restricting the trans
fer OF nuclear weapons and secrets
10 other countries. Such changes
will be necessary 10 convince
Europeans that the multi-nation-
al force is not a United States
monopoly.
Washington is pinning It's hopes
on Mr.. Merchants mission, know
Ing that II he succeeds in signing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
To Venus or Mars

First step beyond the moon will
either be to Venus or Mars. They
are our nearest space neighbors.
Life may exist on both although,
it seems highly probable, not life
Of a very high order such as
mammals. birds or fish. The
shortest way to Venus is close to
80 million miles. The brilliant sill
ver-white morning or evening star
will be the easiest object to reach
in space beyond the moon. 1t is
only about 100 times as distant.
Essentially nothing is known
about its surface conditions be-
cause Of its heavy cloud cover.
For more than q century there
have been conjectures about life
perhaps even high form Of life
on Mars. second nearest Of the
planets. When closest to the
earth about once every IS years
its distance Is about 35 million
miles. At its greatest distance in
its orbit 1t is SO million or more
miles away. or several hundred
times the distance of the moon.
The astronaut going there will
face all the perils Of q moon
voyage for a much longer time.
There also probably will be many
more perils, some of which as yet
have not even been imagined. At
present there is the greatest con-
Germ with the Mars objective. This
planets orbit is some million miles
more distant from the sun. One
probably will find an atmosphere
of some sort and water there.
There is a quite high probability
Of some sort Of life. Scientists
hardly expect their pioneer astro-
naut to step out Of his space
craft and shake hands with Mar
tan man. There Is the greatest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Lightning Bolts

Anybody In space is In constant
danger Of being hit by x-ray
lightning bolts. There is an enor-
nous increase In x-radiation &C
companying solar flares, which
are frequent and unpredictable.
1t is almost futile to think Of
protecting an entire space craft
with enough lead shielding to stop
these bolts. A present solution
proposed is to provide each space
ship with a lead "doghouse" a
small enclosure in which a pilot
can find shelter for the necessary
few minutes.
The primary concern about ra-
diation effects concerns the safe
ty Of the pilot. OF outstanding
Importance, however, are the eff
fects on delicate machine parts
and instruments. Several of these
have been radiated experimental
ly by scientists. Low frequency
transistors and solar cells were
found to be significantly dam
aged. Work is under way to de-
termine effects on such sensitive
items as coatings, optical instru-
ments and lubricants. Methods Of
adequate shielding are under in
vestigation. Use Of magnetic
fields for shielding show consid-
cradle promise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-02-24
Borroee Of Particles

Once outside earth's atmos-
phere going toward these planets
space explorers may run into par
ticles no bigger than grains of
sand, moving at enormous veloci-
ties. They may 60 through, 1T is
calculated, about any material of
which a space craft can be con-
structed. Their probable source is
the surface of the sun. This ma
chine gun fire never is encoun-
tered on earth. The particles burn
up very quickly when they en-
counter the friction of the outer
atmosphere. Otherwise the globe
misht not be habitable.
The aStronaut also will en-
counter the suns artillery fire
whose cannon balls are rock
sizes masses-the meteors. Every
now and then a particularly big
one hits the earth. Most, how
ever. are burned up In the outer
atmosphere like the meteorites.
They are seen as shooting stars"
They never have been regarded as
a particular hazard. The hkeli-
hood that one will hit a space
craft is considered rather small,
but it is q risk which must be
recognized.
Initially the research will de-
termine the severity of the mete-
oroid hazard and provide data on
the penetration rates in various
materials in the near-earth en-
vironment. Later the program
will determine these data In lu-
mar as well as planetary environ
ments. The program is already
underway and satellite has been
exposed to near-earth space.
The physiological effects Of be-
ing struck with a space bullet"
may be quite different from any,
thing yet experienced. Military
doctors know a good deal about
wounds produced by bullets or
other missiles moving up to 5000
feet q second. Nobody knows,
however, what would happen to
q man hit by a particle moving
at meteoroid velocities.
If a spacecraft is punctured by