davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Defense Aide Approves
6 Attest Inspections

and 10 or 10 and seven does
change the chance that you
will catch the Soviets If they
cheat, but you will still have
some kind-you still have got
a reasonably good deterrent
above the threshold at which
you can detect tests, providing
you get decent inspections.
80 it is more important,
perhaps, to get the right kind
of inspections. When you get
down to two or three inspec-
tions (the Sovet Offer think
you are out of business because
you cannot use, you do not
dare use the last one because
that is the end Of it for that
year, and they could have a
whole test series, and you
would not be able to go in. -.
IF you are going to be able
to make a case that allows you
to say they are violating the
treaty, and we withdraw. you
have to have some number
more than two or three"
After telling Senator Syming-
ton he would not be happy with
four on-site inspections per
year and somewhat unhappy
with five" DR.. Brown said:
II think you could live with
six or seven. providing that you
got inspection procedures that
were acceptable. and providing
the decision on when an in
spection was made was not sub
ject to lots Of negotiation or
each one"
Evening star., 1963-05-20

manded that in return the
United States agree to an au-
tomato formula for adjusting
gaps between high American
tariffs and lower European
ones.
West German Deputy Chan
cellor Ludwig Erhard claimed
credit for the new proposal
which he said he thought would
end the deadlock with the
United States.
French Finance Minister VAL
cry discard D'Estaing said Its
for the Americans to say"
JOckeying for Position
The full session of the 73-
nation General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trades (GATT)
Conference marked time while
the Common Marketers anc
the Americans jockeyed for po-
sition.
Chairman Hans Schaffner Of
Switzerland called off an after
noon meeting but agreed tc
preside at a special evening
get-together of the disputine
sides. Some expected him tc
come up with a compromise oi
his own.
Crux of the situation is thai
ministers of the Common Mar.
ket countries-France, Wes'
Germany, Italy, The Neither
lands, Belgium and Luxem'
Evening star., 1963-05-20

on a map" he said. He re-
ported seeing cities but re-
sponded to a question about
military secrets" by saying he
had not seen any.
Asked about a report that
hc had taken a snooze on the
launching pad. Mai. Cooper
confessed he had. During a
slack period there I dozed off
for a little nap" he said, thus
qualifying himself as one Of
the century's cooler characters
He slept well in space, but
for rather brief periods at a
time. He felt rested after each
nap. the longest Of which was
/ hour and ] minute.
Mai. Cooper reported that he
ate and drank sparingly. partly
because of difficulty with a
water system which he needed
TO reconstitute specially packed
Evening star., 1963-05-20

stretched. They may sometimes
be absent. But they cannot be
broken or ignored by a Presi-
dent on too many occasions
without his suffering the con-
sequences.
would guess that Woodrow
Wilson. for example, upon COM
pletion Of his second term -
his dreams shattered as we'll
as his heath, his proposals re-
jected as well as his party
regarded the presidential office
with a somewhat different view
than he had expressed In his
Columbia University lecture
some Ia years before. "T h e
President is at liberty" he had
then declared, both in law and
conscience, TO be as big a man
as he can. ... His office is
anything he has the sagacity
and force TO make II -. His
capacity will set the limit"
Wilson, and all who preceded
and succeeded him, found that
there ars-aother limits. There
Evening star., 1963-05-20

Second OF Two Articles
marked by the hammer and
sickle and plastered with so
cialist" slogans. without being
very much aware OF the fact.
No one can listen 10 a speech
by any Yugoslav leader with
out being persuaded OF his de-
votion 10 Marx and Lenin.
No one can talk about the
possibility Of improving rela-
tons between Yugoslavia and
the United States without TAX
ing the Communist factor fully
into account.
For a nominally mon
aligned" neutralist country,
Yugoslav leaders talk with dis
tressing regularity out of the
Eastern side Of their mouths,
However cordial they may be In
their dealings with American
diplomats, their outlook on
world affairs in general Is radi-
cally different from ours. In the
United Nations Yugoslavia'S &
vote is cast at least go per cent
OF the time with the leftist
group OF neutralist nations with
the Soviet Union and against
the United States.
In this resr', President
Evening star., 1963-05-20
TITO IS ANCHORMAN
Aid Helps Yugosloviu
Steady Unstable Area

Tito himself is something Of
a special problem.
His speech TO the neutral
nations conference In Belgrade
In 1861. defending Russia's re-
newal Of nuclear testing and
containing kindly references to
the East German Communist
regime, raised hackles through
out the West. His triumphal
visit TO Moscow last winter
where he was lionized by Pre-
.mier Khrushchev did nothing
10 endear him or his country
TO Washington.
AS one OF the very few re-
naming Yugoslav leaders who
got his training in feminist
Russia. Tito clings 10 the ira
ditional Communist verbiage
more strongly than his younger
colleagues. There is no doubt
whatever that his standing In
Moscow Is infinitely more Inn
portant to him from an emo
tional standpoint than his
standing in the West. His
reception by Khrushchev
amounted for him TO a final
rehabilitation and, In effect, an
official admission that II was
tie Russians and not he that
had been responsible for the
break In l948.
All this. inevitably. has had
a disturbing effect on relations
between Yugoslavia and the
United States In the past. Be-
yond any doubt there will be
more problems in the future.
See YUGosLAvIA. Ege Az
Evening star., 1963-05-20

bourg-insist on reductions ir
individual United States tariffs
they considered too high as
we'll as agreed general cuts.
The United States delegation
has insisted on equal percent.
age cuts from both sides, with
a goal of slashes as high al
so per cent. 1t wants to oper
formal bargaining sessions May
6. 1864.
A Common Market officia,
said no date could be fixec
for bargaining talks until the
United States and the trade
bloc agree on an approach. He
said the Common Market woulc
agree to a date If the United
States consents to handle the
high tariff problem on the
same level as its proposals fol
across-the board cuts.
Maurice Brasseu. Belgian
minister of foreign trade. con-
veyed the market groups de-
cision to Christian A. Herter
President Kennedy's chief ne.
gotiator at the GAIT talks
The talks wind up tomorrow.
The United States propose
calls for substantial equa
linear tariff reductions, with
limited exceptions" In short
the United States wants nearly
all tariffs slashed by the samt
percentage
Evening star., 1963-05-20
BY THEODORE C. sORENsEN
Special Counsel to the President

Special Counsel 10 the President
No President is free TO go
as far or as fast as his ad-
visers. his politics and his per-
spective may direct him. His
decisions and their advice -
are set within at least five
ever-present limitations. He is
free to choose only within the
limits OF permissibility. within
the limits OF available re-
sources. within the limits Of
available time. within the limits
OF previous commitments and
within the limits Of available
information.
I will discuss the first two
OF these limitations In this
article and the other three In
the two succeeding articles.
Some OF the limits operate
directly on the President
others shape the choices that
come before him. Thus, In
logical terms, II may be DIFF
ficult 10 differentiate between
the limits I shall discuss now
and the influences on decisions
TO be described later. They may
on occasion be interchangeable
or even indistinguishable,
But whatever the difficulties
Of semantic classification, / be-
lieve these five limitations are
tSlre. They may often bt
Evening star., 1963-05-20
ExiIes Form
Anti-Custro
Organization

MIAMI, Fla. May 20 (AP).-
Cuban exiles formed a central
organization today to wage war
on the Communist regime Of
Fidel Castro.
Members Of the body, called
the Cuban Committee of Lib
Grafton, were selected by $50
exile leaders who signed a
charter Of Cuban unity" II re-
portedly has the approval Of
the United States Government.
The charter states: I'VE now,
in unit. Internationally declare
that we will fight to achieve
once again the independence Of
our country" II was signed on
the 6lst anniversary OF the
birth Of the Cuban republic.
Names Of the 35 committee
members will be announced
Saturday after 10 more are
selected.
Among the charter signers
were Caros Prio Socarras,
former President OF Cuba; DR..
Carlos Marquee Sterling, an un-
successful candidate in the last
presidential elections held In
Cuba; DR.. Guillermo Martinez
Marquee, former president OF
the Inter-American Press AS
ISOLATION; Or. Jose Ignacio
Rivero, publisher Of Diario de
La Marina, q newspaper ex-
propriated by the Castro gov
ernment; Mai. Pedro Luis
Diaz LAM, first commander Of
Premier Castro's air forces;
Santiago Alvarez OF the action
group. Commandos l.. and
Ernesto Rodriguez, president OF
the Christian Democratic Move
ment.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
BY EARL H. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

The United States could
"live with" six on-site inspec-
tions per year-one fewer than
now demanded of the Soviet
Union-to police a nuclear test
ban, a Senate committee has
been told by one of the most
influential voices in forming
administration test ban policy.
Pentagon research chief
Harold Brown gave this opinion
under sharp questioning by
Senator Symington. Democrat
of Missouri, in closed-door
hearings before the Senate
Armed Services Committee last
February 26, just after tn G
administration had reduced Its
demands to seven on-sight in
spections per year from IN
previous request for from eight
to 10.
DR.. Browns comments or
the number Of on-site inspec.
tions were deleted from the
published transcript of the
hearings on the ground the
information was classified, but
recently the remarks were de-
classified at Senator Syming-
toms request.
The Defense Department re-
search chief also limited he
might go along reluctantly
with further reductions in the
ceiling for on-sight inspections
He told Senator Symingtor
he would be somewhat un.
happy with five" per year anc
he would not be happy witt
four.
DR.. Brown had these othel
comments in his discussion
with Senator Symington:
THE difference between 2(
Evening star., 1963-05-20

other objects from an altitude
of more than 100 miles.
1T rather surprised me" !"
Mai. Cooper said. The first
time, over the Arabian high
land going in toward India,
I saw individual roads and
rivers. Indian villages, and I
saw also trucks on a road, and
a train"
Saw No Secrets
He further observed a boat
on a river and saw the city
OF Houston and the nearby lake
on whose shore his family lives.
He couldn't see people, Mai
Cooper added.
Asked what he saw In two
daytime passes over Commu-
mist China, Mai. Cooper had
less detail to supply.
1T looks just like 1t looks
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Surprised at Clarity

Woshington's business b.
rometer is deeisively infIu-
eneed by fluctuations Of the
Federol poyroH. Government
poy hikes, loy-offs or hir-
ings affect W0shingtonions
whether they ore Federal
employees or not.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

This is the second Of eight articles by
Mr.. Sorensen. President kennedy's
top White House ossistont The
ortieIes ore bosed on his SperonIO
Lectures OF Columbia University.
which ore being published os book
by the Columbia University Press.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Finds Illegal
Use Of State
Po|icePoWer
Series of Rulings
Reverses 7 respuss
TriuIs in South
BY DANA BULLEN
Star Staff Writer

The Supreme Court today
reversed the convictions of sit
in demonstrators because State
power was used unconstitu-
tionally to enforce segregation.
In its rulings, the court over
threw the convictions Of
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Warsaw Book Fair

WARSAW, May 20 tAP).--
Warsaw's international book
fair opened this week end with
more than 5000 volumes from
% nations Of East and West
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Press Conference Set

President Kennedy will hold
a news conference at 4 pm
Wednesday, the White House
announced today.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Court Upsets Sit-In Convictions
Common Market Acts
To End Toriff Snoq
European Group Accepts U. S. Cuts
On Condition Wide Cops Are Adjusted

GENEVA, May 20 (AP).-The European Common Market
countries agreed today American demands for acrosshe
board tariff cuts This apparent reversal of position
aimed at ending the deadlock between the worlds two
greatest trading bocS.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
By CROSBY 8. MOVES

bN ONODnN % INON I'd
European Correspondent Of The Star
BELGRADE.-In Yugoslavia,
II may be communism with
a difference. but II is still
communism.
No one can walk around this
city, draped with red flags
Evening star., 1963-05-20

Columnist Joseph Young's
column, THE FEDERAL
SPOTLIGHT, is first with the
news on whot the Admins
trotion. Congress and Civil
Service are doing for and
with the Federal empIoye.
In Today'S Star
Page A-2
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Bomb Threats
Made Against
NAT0 Talks
Rusk and Other
Top Diplomats
Guther in Ottuwu

OTTAWA, May 20 (AP).-
Terrorist threats to bomb
Ottawa hotels brought in
creased security precautions to-
day as top-ranking diplomats
C continued arriving in the
Canadian capital for the min
isterial meeting of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Among those due in today
were United States Secretary
of State Dean Rusk, British
Foreign Secretary Lord Home
and French Foreign Minister
Maurice Couve de Murville.
The meeting begins Wednes-
day.
A number of hotels received
anonymous letters during the
week end saying hotels housing
NATO delegates would be blown
up.
1t was assumed the threats
came from the FIG (QuebeC
Liberation 'FRONT.'. the under
ground group that wants tc
separate French-speaking Que
bee province from Canada. The
FIG has claimed credit for 9
number of bombings in the past
few months in Montreal. 81
far its violence has been con.
fined to Quebec Provinc e
Ottawa is in Ontario, and mos
of the PROVINCES people are o.
British descent.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

demonstrators in Greenville,
S. c.; Durham, N. c.; New
Orleans, La; Birmingham, Ala,
and Savannah, Ga.
The action was contained In
two major opinions by Chief
Justice Warren on cases from
South Carolina and Louisiana
and in accompanying decisions
in other cases.
Chief Justice Warren said
the 14th Amendment does not
permit States to, in effect,
bring about restaurant segrega-
ton through local ordl-
nances or executive action and
then bring criminal charges to
enforce the discriminatory acts.
The decisions today are cer-
tain to provide strong encour-
agement for further efforts to
crack racial barriers at res
taurants and other facilities
and will have a direct effect on
thousands of other cases in
which demonstrators have been
convicted for their actions.
Courts Actions
Specifically, the court today:
/. Reversed unanimously the
trespass convictions Of 10 Ne
gro students who refused to
leave a Kress Department
Store lunch counter in Green
vile, S. c., in 1860.
! 2. Reversed, 81, the convic-
ton of one white and three
Negro students on criminal
mischief charges after they re-
fused to leave a New Orleans
dime store lunch counter in
1860.
3. Reversed, 81, the convic-
tions of 10 Negro students on
charges of trespass in 1860 sit
ins at Birmingham department
store lunch counters and tea
rooms.
4. Reversed. 81. the convic-
ton of two Negro ministers on
charges of inciting demonstra-
tors to violate a Birmingham
trespass ordinance.
5. Reversed. unanimously. the
conviction of six Negro men
on charges of unlawful assem-
bly, after they played basket
ball at a Savannah (Ga9 pub
See COURT, Page AS
Evening star., 1963-05-20
COmmad Approval Seen

Mr.. Rusk is scheduled to see
Mr.. Martin tomorrow. He also
will confer with other delegates
in advance Of the NATO meet
ing.
Diplomatic sources said there
is little doubt that the Is
NATO countries will approve
the new nuclear command. No
effort will be made. however,
to get a decision on the more
ambitious proposal for a multi
lateral nuclear force consisting
Of some 200 Polaris missiles on
surface ships manned by mixed
crews. Negotiations on this
are continuing.
The Canadian House Of Com
mons wants to open a week Of
policy debate during the after
noon. The debate will bring
one or more motions Of no con-
fidence In Prime Minister
Lester B. Pearson's Liberal
government. but political OBJ
servers believe the government
will survive the challenge.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Rusk at Embassy

Mr.. Rusk and many of the
NATO ministers will be housed
at their embassies. Lower
ranking delegation members
will be spread among the city's
hotels.
Talks In preparation for the
three-day NATO meeting are
under way.
West German Foreign Min
lister Gerhard Schroeder ar
ranged a meeting with Cana
dian Foreign Secretary Paul
Martin for this morning. The
German made clear that he will
back the proposal to set up a
new NATO command structure
to handle national nuclear
units in the alliance and to CO.
ordinate their operations.
Germany supports the re-
grouping of a part Of the al
liance's nuclear capability
under discussion" he said. I'VE
believe that such cooperation
will mean progress in handling
the difficult task of nuclear
strategy"
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Took Photographs

Describing the mission from
countdown to splash in his mar
rative at the start of the news
conference. Mai. Cooper made
these points:
He was surprised that the
powered-f flight phase beginning
with liftoff and ending with
orbital injection was moi
rougher and with more vibra-
ton" While on his way ur
he felt like I was right on the
point Of a needle and goinl
right to the target"
After booster separation anC
turnaround, he looked out hi
capsule window and saw thu
See COOPER, Page Al
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Retraces Flight Plan

Yesterday, In a hot meeting
room, with the sweat pouring
down his face and dripping
from his square chin, Mai.
Cooper told his story. He
started it out by saying he
would tell the whole truth.
Then he went through his
flight plan orbit by orbit. hour
by hour, using as a memory
aid the same graphic flight plan
in a metal roll-up holder that
he used in space during 341s
hours of flight.
For about As mintues he dis
coursed-probably the longest
sustained conversational effort
he has made in his entire life
AS he promised, he spoke
frankly. He also spoke with
a wry humor, to which his pro-
nounced Oklahoma twang was
an eII6cIlVe pIOp.
Surprised at Clarity
Mai. Cooper reported seeing
much more than his precedes-
sors in space observed. This
was due partly TO the fact that
he was up longer and partly To
the excellent condition of the
worldwide weather. But he
seemed to be able TO see OBJ
jects on the ground others hac
not seen-indeed, things SCI
entists say are impossible u
discern from orbital height.
But he was there and the
scientists weren't, as a ques-
toner pointed out In asking
about seeing Tibetan huts anc
Evening star., 1963-05-20
REPLAY OF A FLIGHT
Earth's Clarity Amazes Maj. Cooper

foods. He exhibited a package
which he said he had tried to
reconstitute.
1t was an amorphous, grey
ish-brown mass that looked
anything but appetizing. The
flyer said it was dehydrated
beef pot roast and very good
when water is added.
Little bite-size pieces of food
we're acceptable. he said. anc
he ate about 10 such cubes. But
they were mostly dessert-typt
items and he found himself
getting tired of dessert after
awhile.
AS a result, Maj. Cooper was
both hungry and dehydrated
when he finally reached the
aircraft carrier Kearsarge in
the Pacific some 40 hours after
his last sit-down meal. He
drank gallons of fluid" on the
ship, he said.
Evening star., 1963-05-20

Supreme Court Upholds FPc Cos
Pricing Plan. Pose A-6
Evening star., 1963-05-20
Weather Forecast

District and vicinity-Partly cloudy and
cooler tonight following scattered evening
showers. Continued partly cloudy and
cooler tomorrow. Low tonight about 54.
Today's high, 80, at noon; low, IS, at
$40 am.
Full Report on Poss B-4
Evening star., 1963-05-20

man said with a grin at a press
conference here yesterday.
1t was we'll he didn't. The
light heralded the start of a
series of troubles which con-
ceivably could have left the Air
Force major to die in orbit.
AS it was, "Gordo" Cooper
was very much alive yesterday,
and extremely talkative - for
Gordo. His taciturnity in flight
was almost as remarkable last
week as his GOODNESS under
pressure.
Evening star., 1963-05-20
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Staff Writer

COCOA BEACH, Fla, May
2O.-When a green light showed
up on his instrument panel at
the wrong time in flight. As
tronaut L. Gordon Cooper's first
inclination was to ignore it.
But then I decided I'd bet
ter not," the 36-year-old space
Cooper Women Toke Limeliehl
colmIy. Pose B-7
Evening star., 1963-05-20

Second Of Two Articles
Evening star., 1963-05-20

demonstrators in Greenville,
S. c.; Durham, N. c.; New
Orleans, La; Birmingham, Ala,
and Savannah. Ga.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1963-12-27

that in Germany and Austria
where these happy conditions
exist, playwriting creatiVity is
not high Elfrieda felt, while
she was in Germany, that with
decentralization of that coun-
try, there is no "theatCr center"
which can encourage a school
of playwriting, and that there
is little style in the few pro-
duced efforts of German writ
ers. The vast majority of plays
are either German or other
European classics, as we'll as
the translated plays of the con-
temporary English speaking
stage. The revival Of Brecht
and his Epic theater is evident
throughout Germany, but the
only acclaimed German play
wright in the pass 80 years
is Rolf Hochhuth.
Hochhuth has achieved uni
versal fame with the produc
tion of his first play. Der
Stellvertreter." more famili-
arilY known TO the English
speaking stage as either The
Deputy" or The Vicar"
Like many Germans, Hoch-
hAth had a Jewish relative who
died as the result of Nazi per
secution. This so impressed him
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1963-12-27
PAULA SOBOL

When Elfrieda Silver talks
about the theater in Europe,
there is an air of excitement
and enthusiasm she lmpartS,
and I'd like to share some OF
this with you. Elfrieda, whose
theater background and out
standing performances are well
known to Valley audiences, has
lust returned from Europe af-
ter a four-mOnth visit filled
with exciting theatrical eX-
periences, ranging from seeing
Elizabeth Bergner in Long
Days Journey Into Night" to
the Zurich Stadttheater'S pro-
duction of Sunset" never
before produced YiddiSh play
by Isaac Babel.
In talking to Elfrieda, | was
particularly interested in the