davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1963-05-08

OTTAWA R - Canada has ac- cepted recommendations of the In- ternational North Pacific Fisheries Commission to permit Japan to fish for halibut in the Eastern Boring Sea and for herring west of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Foreign Minister Paul Martin said today
 The recommendation already have been approved by the United States and Japan. The lifting of the ban on Japanese fishing in the two areas had been strongly op- posed by British Columbia fisher men.
 The statement said the govern ment also has approved conserva- tiOn measures recommended by the commission for halibut fishing by Canadian, American and Japanese fishermen in the Eastern Bering Sea.
 Canada, the United States and Japan signed the International North Pacific Fisheries Convention in 1852. Under the original terms, Japan agreed to abstain from fishing in the North Pacific and Boring Sea for salmon, halibut and herring of North American origin.
 The commission determined at it's annual meeting last year that the stocks of halibut in the East ern Boring Sea and of herring west of the Queen Charlottes were suf- ficient to permit fishing by Japan.
 Japan has requested review of the convention and the three na- tions will meet in Washington in June to consider continuation or possible modification, Martin said.
The Nome nugget., 1963-05-08
Calls Ii Big Disaster
 VANCOUVER. BC. q

is a disaster for Canadian fisher men," Homer Stevens said today "It's victory. number one for the Japanese and the beginning of the end for the Canadian halibut, herring and salmon industry"
 Stevens, seceretary-treasurer of the Independent United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union, speak ing for about 1000 fishermen, said it was disgrace" the government decision should be announced only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

WHEN ONE Of Nurse Gerry Kedrick's
patients wants to say thank you" he's
likely to leap up and give her big, wet kiss
and even the straitest-laced supervisor
won't scOwi. Gerry is a veterinary nurse :
these pictures were taken when she was on
the night shift at New York's new, eight
story Animal Medical Center.
Like most major modern animal hospitals
- such as BOston's Angel Memorial and
San FranciscO's SGnbOrn Doe Memorial :
the Medical Center provides 24-hOur emer.
gency service. An animal hurt in any Of New
YOrk's FIVE bOrOughs can get quick help.
Medically speaking. animals never had it
so good. Almost everything available to
people is also for them - radioisOtOPe injec-
ton diagnosis, eleCtrocardiograms, latest eye
and brain surgery techniques, treatment
for sllergies, modern theraPy for fractures.
Advanced research is being carried on con-
stantly to improve their health and PrOlOng
their lives.
Always an animal-lover, Gerry Kedrick
got her nurses training from two veterinari.
ans in California before she married and
came East. Rounds, injections, preparing
patients for surgery aren't too different from
nursing people = and, Gerry says, animals
need just as much to know you really care
how they feel. JEANETTE MOSS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16
She's an Angel to

Modern pet hospitals offer
almost everything from
kaleidoscope injections to
tenderhearted nurses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-16

TINS WEEK NIGERIA. I jSas 10. 1893
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
The Courts Routine

He talked easily OF the courts
functions and routine. He showed
us the large. beautiful conference
room adjoining his own chambers
where the nine members OF the
court usually meet on Fridays TO
discuss and vote on cases after
having read all the briefs and
heard oral arguments.
These meetings are held In ut
most secrecy other than the nine
justices, no one, not even the
clerk Of the court, is allowed In
during conference. II a law book
or document needs 10 be sent for.
the man who delivers II gets only
as far as the door. Who on the
inside answers his knock7
by custom, II Is usually the
newest Justice, In this case Ar
thur Goldberg" Justice Warren
said. but quickly added. This is
not any form OF hazing. don't you
know. II Arthur happens 10 be
busy. another justice goes 10 the
door. But usually It's the newest
member"
Does the discussion In confer
ence ever warm UP TO hot de-
bate7
You'd be surprised at how little
heat there is In our discussions"
said the Chief Justice. That's be-
cause we all know what the other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
The Chief Justice: A Study in Pragmatism

momentarily. Earl Warren quickly
closed 1t and returned to the ivory
tower. far above the clang Of pub
lie battle.
"But. Of course. we can't" he
said. "A Senator or Governor may
explain or defend his position
publicly, but not members of the
Supreme Court. We can't be
guided by what people think or
say except In legal discussion. We
can't be guided by public APP
praisal. II we did. we'd be decid-
ing cases by other than legal
means"
Does the Chief Justice have any
escape valve for his suppressed re-
actions?
"Yes," he said. smiling. II go
to baseball games and football
games and get rid Of some of my
Partially that way. Also, like
TO get away with my three sons
and go fishing or duck-hunting
In California"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
BY SAUL PETIT
Associated Press Staff Writer

For one brief moment. the Chief
Justice Of the United States
savored an appetite he could no
long indulge. He was sitting in
his chambers, a tall, white-haired
man of quiet dignity. The place
was what you'd expects high
ceilinged room, paneled in oak.
lined richly with law books. cush-
toned in stiffness. altogether a Sc
rene island walled in majestic
white marble.
Quietly. Earl Warren had been
explaining that the Supreme
Court, unlike other branches OF
Government. cannot engage in
public debate or even defend its
decisions from attack.
Does he sometimes wish It were
otherwise2
His dark blue eyes lighted up
and a big hand came down on
the desk. slapping II hard. crack
ing the decorous quiet.
"oh boyl" said the 14th Chief
Justice Of the United States.
Sometimes II makes you cringe,
10 see what other people say and
writel"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
After Lincoln

President Lincoln's general idea
of an executive program for post
war reconstruction was taken up
by President johnson. A group
of House and Senate Republicans,
led by Representative Thaddeus
Stevens of Pennsylvania and sub
sequently to be called Radicals"
wanted to approach the problem
from the congressional angle.
They not only intended to deal
in their own way with the South
ern States but also complained
that the Lincoln-J johnson ap-
proach would not assure voting
privileges and even more basic
civil rights and projections for
Negroes.
The Radicals" as well as more
moderate members of Congress
noted with indignation or suspi-
cion the so-called BLACK Code"
laws which many Of the South
ern States began enacting imme-
diately after the war.
Mainly through the efforts Of a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
A Tenth Anniversary

Next September. II will be 10
years since Earl Warren was APP
pointed Chief Justice by Presi-
dent Eisenhower. Although he is
now ~ and eligible for retirement
at full salary (s35.000), he has
no thought OF quitting SOON
He continues 10 enjoy his Job.
the judge said In a recent rare
interview. despite the fact that
he has been attacked more in
tensely than most Of his prede-
cessors. The criticism. which In
some quarters has risen even 10
shrill cries for impeachment. gen.
orally stemmed from Warren's
opinions on racial segregation In
schools, on the rights Of individ-
uals in anticommunist investiga-
lions, on the constitutionality OF
State written prayers In the
classroom.
Asked TO describe his reaction
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
The Fourteenth" Was Adopted Only After Iona Fiqht

cope with State laws or practices
countenancing racial discrimina-
ton. The administration report
edly favors working through the
interstate commerce clause of
the Constitution. The Republic
cans would rely directly on the
Fourteenth Amendment ITO pro-
vide the minimum tools to aid
the Negro in his valiant crusade
for equality throughout the Ma
ton"
Even before the Civil War end
ed in 1865 other kinds of differ
ences were developing not only
on how to handle the Southern
States which had seeded but
also how to safeguard the rights
of the Negro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

plan of lordly mien, is now oc-
cupied by Gov. George Corley Wal
lace, small, peppery former Judge
with a common touch and a new
quarrel with Washington.
In his simply-furnished, old
fashioned office in the capitol,
Gov. Wallace for five months has
been making plans for a show
down with the Federal Gov
eminent. A close friend says he
has been utterly obsessed" with
it.
Because of his nationally noted
pledge to stand in the school,
house door" to block indignation,
he will be the man of the hour
Monday when two Negroes seek
to enroll at the University of
.Alabama's main campus in Tusca-
loosa and a branch at Huntsville.
Gov. Wallace is expected to
oppose enrolment of Vivian L.
Malone, 20-year-old Negro from
Mobile, on the Tuscaloosa campus.
Alabama's sovereignty, he says,
will be represented in his person.
For the 43-year-old Governor,
1t likely will be the climax of
a political career built upon de-
fiance Of Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

Of the civil rights guarantees set
forth in the Fifth Amendment.
Unlike the aforementioned draft,
the first section did not specify
that Congress in the first instance
could make all laws" necessary
to secure civil rights in States.
House and Senate lost little
time in adopting the constitu-
tional amendment resolution.
Hosty Approval
The method and haste with
which the Fourteenth Amendment
was ratified by the States left
much to be desired. The legality
of the adoption is still attacked
in various quarters but, unlike
the unpopular Eighteenth Amend
ment, there is no move to
repeal it.
The Thirteenth Amendment
abolishing slavery had gone
through in rapid fire fashion
when President Johnson as well
as Congress insisted that States,
North and South, ratify it in
1865. Critics of the Fourteenth
Amendment contend that its adop-
ton was even more tainted be-
cause ratification was often used
as prerequisite to "readmisSion"
of several Southern States to the
Union.
Tennessee quickly ratified it
and was ''readmitted" in July
1866. The other 10 Southern
States rejected the amendment at
legislative sessions later that year.
Several of them "reconsidered" in
1868. Then, Ohio and New Jersey
withdrew their Publications. This
raised a question as to whether
and when 20 Of the then 81
States provided the three fourths
majority necessary for final adop-
ton.
On July 20, 1858. Secretary of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

State Seward conditionally certi-
fled that the Fourteenth Amend
ment had become part of the
Constitution IF the Withdrawals
of Ohio and New Jersey were in
effective" On July 81, Georgia
ratified the amendment as South
Carolina had done on July 9. Con-
gress Immediately passed a joint
resolution declaring final adoption
of the amendment. On July %,
1868, Secretary Seward certified
it Internationally. Several other
States subsequently ratified it.
In any event, the Fourteenth
Amendment was revolutionary in
defining citizenship and Federal
State relationships. Congressional
debates and State legislative pro-
ceedingS throughout the country
showed that the trainers and
ratifiers of the Amendment were
well aware of this.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

TO this kind of attack. Warren
replied quickly and firmly, My
reaction is that I just don't dis
cuss it."
Slamming doors shut on any
subject, one gatherss does not
come naturally to the Chief JUS
tice. His manner. off the bench,
is generally one Of warm affabil-
ity. almost a small-town folksi-
ness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Corporote Person

They probably had no idea how
greatly the scope and interpreta-
ton of the amendment would be
extended in years to come to
many other areas besides civil
rights and how the word person"
would later come to embrace cor
porations.
The amendments second Sec
ton provided that the basis of a
States representation be reduced
in proportion to the number of
citizens whose voting rights were
denied or abridged. For many
years that section resembled the
weather. about which many talked
but did nothing.
The NAACP Legal Defense
Fund recently filed a Federal
Court suit to test that section.
The NAACP estimates that if
the section were strictly enforced
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

mans basic views are and we
respect them. But many times
there is an accommodation that
can be reached.
1T is all very informal and
there's very little irritation shown
in conference. We take the cases
in the order in which we heard
them. The Chief Justice starts by
stating his opinion on the first
case. usually in two or three
minutes.
Then the other justices, in Or
der OF seniority. state their in
dividual views without interrupt
ton. Then, after some dis
cussion, ! ask II we are ready for
a vote. BY custom. the newest
justice votes first and so on UP
the seniority ladder"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
curtoin Is Closed Quickly

There was no Doubt that Earl
Warren, former district attorney.
attorney general and three-time
Governor Of California. q man
who had been a politician most
OF his adult life. would dearly
relish chance 10 hit back at
his critics. The statement was
made not so much In bitterness
but In remembered zest. much like
an ex boxer recalling how he
would have counter punched In
the old days.
But having parted the curtain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Long Discussion

LOU9 OloNuoolOU
The length OF discussion varies
although most cases are disposed
Of within one days conference.
Sometimes the little cases,
which you wouldn't think would
be any trouble, take an hour and
a half or more. Sometimes the Inn
portant cases 20 quickly. But IN
any event, II any one member OF
Of the court wants more time 10
study and discuss a case, we sim.
ply put II over 10 a later con-
ference"
After a vote is taken the Chief
Justice. II he sides with the ma
jority. assigns the writing OF the
majority opinion. He may take the
Job himself or ask another JUS
tice 10 write Il. Among the dis
senting members. the senior MEM
Der In that group assigns the
writing Of their opinion.
once written. the opinions are
then sent down. again In COM
plete secrecy, TO a carefully
guarded print shop In the courts
basement. Once printed they still
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Cleaned Up ScOndoIs

A teetotaler himself, he set out
to reform the scandal Hinged State
liquor store operation. Economy
has been a strong emphasis: He
sold one of the States two yachts
and put the other on limited duty
for the city of Mobile; he cut
down the fleet of State automo-
biles; and he called for a big cut
in his own executive departments
budget.
Rather than use a chauffeur
driven limousine, he prefers to ride
in a police car, sitting alongside
the highway patrolman who
drives.
His racial stand remains the
chief target Of criticism, some Of
1t from people who supported him
for Governor. They believe most
Of Alabama's leadership has
turned down another street while
Wallace has continued to march
on his collision course with the
Federal Government.
Gov. Wallace has been faced
with a constantly rising tide of
opposition on his school,
house door" pledge. Civic, reli-
gious and business groups
throughout the State have adopted
law and order" resolutions, which
are considered a warning against
defiance Of Federal integration
orders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

ga margin. He said at his inaugu-
ration on January IA that the
South held the balance of United
States political power and 1t,
rather than "the insipid bloc voter
sections" would elect the next
President. He promised "segrega-
ton now, segregation tomorrow,
segregation forever"
Strong invective seems a way
Of life for this jaunty, cigar-smok-
ing man. He has called Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy a
"pugnacious wilding" and q sap
ling Caesar" the Federal courts
lousy" and irresponsible" and
President Kennedy the boss of q
military dictatorship"
Even his critics grant that Mr..
Wallace has made some excellent
appointments in his administra-
ton, with a strong cleanup" em-
phasis that follows the looser
ways of former Gov. Patterson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
Negroes as Citizens

But Congress soon OVERRIDE a
presidential veto of a civil rights
bill in April, 1866. That measure
provided that all persons born in
the United States were citizens.
1t thus reversed the Supreme
Courts bred Scott decision, that
Negroes could not hold citizen
ship. The bill also contained far
reaching provisions giving Ne
groes much the same legal and
political rights as whites.
So many doubts were raised
about constitutionality of the
1866 civil rights law that the
"Radicals"-who actually includ-
ed some legislators much more
moderate than Mr.. Stevens-be-
gan formulating possible consti-
tutional amendment proposals.
Mr.. Stevens and Representative
Roscoe Conkling of New York in
PRODUCED a constitutional amend
ment resolution early in 1866 to
cut House representation of any
State in proportion to the
abridgement of any persons po-
htical rights in that State. Rep
resentatives Blaine Of Maine and
Garfield Of Ohio urged Mr.. Ste
vens to tone down the resolution
but he refused. 1t was passed by
the House but rejected by the
Senate.
The Joint Committee on Re-
construction several months later
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
-AP Photo.

the Southern States could lose
about 25 of their more than loo
House seats. e
The Amendments third and
fourth sections are obsolete be-
cause they deal with Southern
participants in the Civil War and
with United States assumption Of
debts of States that seeded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
"A RuroI Heritage

Wallace, who stands 5 feet Z
and has never weighed more than
$50 pounds. is young enough to be
caught in the mainstreams of
American change in 1868. But he
is old enough to claim a sort of
.log-cabin rural heritage fast dis
appearing from American life. He
is a poor country boy who rose
to fulfill his highest ambition.
He was born in q frame house
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

at the Black Belt cotton COM
munity of Clio on August Is, 1919,
the son of a poor farmer and
grandson of locally famous ply
sician who had Travelled the Ala
bama frontier on horseback to see
his patients
In the rural South politics
starts early. When Wallace was
Is he knocked on doors in Clio
to help a candidate running for
Alabama secretary of state, and
at l6 he served briefly as a page
in the legislature in Montgomery.
A Football PIoyer
AS a 98-pound quarterback at
Barbour County High School, he
was a competitor whose witness
and agility made up for small
stature. He won the State Golden
Gloves bantamweight title when
he was is and repeated the next
year. Later he made money by
fighting a few bouts as q profess
sional in the old smokers" that
entertained small towns.
When he went to the Univer-
sity of Alabama in 1887, he was
almost penniless. His father died
a few months later, and his moth
er went to work as a sewing SUI
pervisor to help make their way.
Wallace waited on tables at a
boarding house for students,
worked as a clerk in the regis
trar's office and drove a cab to
work his way through college.
When he graduated from the
university law school in 1912, he
took a temporary job driving a
dump truck from the State High
way Department at 80 cents an
hour. He began to make frequent
visits to a dime store in Tusca-
looSa to see a pretty clerk named
Lurleen Burns, then a 16-year-
old high school graduate hoping
to become a nurse. They were
married in May of 1913.
BY that time Wallace was a
cadet in the Army Air Corps. His
hopes for becoming pilot van
ished when he was stricken with
spinal meningitis, which left him
critically i'll. When he recovered
he became a flight engineer and
went to the Marianas with a B.
20 group assigned to raid the
Japanese mainland.
After his discharge as a flight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09
A Fight Is Nothing New to Gov. Wallace,
SchooIed in Very Practical Politics

sergeant, Wallace saw his family
and then hitchhiked to Mont
gomery. He had connections with
Gov. Chauncey Sparks and went to
see him about a job. He became
an assistant attorney general Of
Alabama.
In 1946 he won a seat as q
State Representative from his
home county. His six-year career
as a legislator won him State
wide attention. He championed
bills creating Statewide network
of trade schools, setting up ma
chinery for bringing in new in
dustry and enabling small COM
munities to establish natural gas
co-operatives when they could not
obtain service from private firms.
But there was not much drama
in this.
Was a Stote Judge
That came after he became a
State circuit Judge for Barbour
and Bullock Counties in 1852. He
began to preach from the bench
against the Federal Government.
In 1858 he won a brief furry of
attention by issuing an injunc-
ton against removal of segrega-
ton signs In railroad terminals.
His biggest tilt with the Fed
erals came when he refused to
make voting records available to
Government Investigators and was
cited for contempt of Federal
court. What followed is still a
subject of hot debate in Alabama.
United States District Judge
Frank johnson, who had been
Wallace's university roommate,
eventually held that Judge Wal
lace had not been in contempt
because he actually had made the
voter records available to the
agents Through devious methods"
That decision was In early 1859.
BY then Wallace had run for
Governor the first time, finishing
a strong second to John Patter-
son.
When he ran again last year,
his opponents threw Judge john
sons decision at him with glee,
charging hypocrisy. But Wallace
always denied he had helped the
Federal agents. He said they "were
defied and backed down."
In a runoff campaign, he de-
feated a young moderate, State
Senator Ryan deGraffenried, by a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-09

Reese CleghOrn, who writes
frequently for The Star on the
South, is editorial associate on
the Atlanta Journal.