davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1963-09-19
BY
Raymond Nakai
Chairman of Navajo Tribe

''It is an honor to speak TO you,
Junior Chamber of CONNIE
Members of Phoenix, Arizona.
GAS we look ahead to the gen.
eral welfare and goals OF my
people, one of the great aims to-
ward which we must constantly
strive is the full realization of our
civil and political rights. the dis
charge of the responsibilities that
go with them, and the enlighten-
mem and educ alton necessary to
both.
'The road ahead will be one Of
our great and c ontinuing chal-
lenges; it will not be an easy road
but the road of the Indian is not and
has not been an easy path at all
times.
elm terms of our general well
fare we must constantly seek i'm
provement Of our physical cond-
ition: we cannot for moment ig-
more the sickness and disease
which troubles our people in far
greater proportion than the Amer
lean population as whole.
"HoWever, these are conditions
which our own continuing educ alton
and the wonders of medical science
will eventually eradicate.
'But in the field of social and
political rights we face other great
problems for which we cannot
like medical pr oblems--hope for a
precise solution from labor atory.
"The laboratory of our social
problems is life itself.
"Let us examine our situation:
the median family income for In
dams on reservations last year was
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1963-09-19

WlzuTd rs" Tire
Pump. For bikes. loot
boils. tool t4ondy TOR
emergencies. Develops
rs lbs. pressure. SOvs
Nov OF VA. A6AO5
Navajo times., 1963-02-28

now under prepar alton cases
for Navajos to be filed within
the immediate future which will
yield to these people approximately
$500, 10000
81 am sure that all of you are
familiar with my constant stress
on education throughout my ad-
mini stration, and with the Tribal
Scholarship Program. At the pre-
sent time. there are $50 Navajo
students in institutions of higher
learning receiving assistance from
this program. 1t also includes
some ia Navajo students who are
in attendance in VOC ational schools
and nurses in training.
81 am equally insistant on as
sisting the 5000 to 10000 Navaios
now on the Reservation who are
heads of families. and who are
largely without formal educ alton,
or at best. have only a limited
educ alton | shall strive to have
the Council endorse and ap-
propriate for a Vocational and
Adult Training Program. This will
permit these responsible Navajos
to learn to read and write and
do the requisite mathematical
computations necessary to enable
them to accept dignified jobs as
checkers. umekeepers, truck
drivers. equipment operators,
foremen and supervisors, welders.
carpenters. bricklayers and in
other trades where they would
be required to read plans, make
simple computations and carry on
similar work.
not only have, but shall con-
tinue to strive to provide jobs
and job opportunities for the Navajo
people, but | want those jobs to be
made available to Navaics in other
classifications than as mere labor
erS.
sin 1858. we were confronted
with situation in which we found
that there was substantial guam
tity of governmental work being
performed on the Reservation,
roads we're being built. schools
were being constructed. hospitals
were being put up in Shiprock and
in Gallup. There were very few
jobs being made available to the
Navajos. and we were brushed
aside by the Bureau and by its
contractors with the statement that
we were not competent, qualified,
nor members of unions.
After full hearings, and care
full consider alton the Council
adopted the view of the Advisory
Committee that the Navajo people
were not ready for organized labor.
a large percentage of our labor
force was meducated, and was
unable to intelligently comprehend
the workings of labor organizations
and the business of the locals
OF labor unions. We undertook
to exclude the unions from the
Continued on Page 81
Navajo times., 1963-02-28

the Navajo lr1De, 20 a0OkN Gull
stitution, limited only as state
constitutions are limited. that is
to say. so as to conform to the
Federal Constitution, then | will
be prepared to consider and will
discuss with you the advantages
attending the adoption Of such a
constitution. | am convinced that
during the 8 years which have
been Chairman. we have not yielded
to the Secretary any authority
which he was not entitled to
exercise. If we undertook to get
the Secretary to say how limited
his powers actually are, that he
would not limit them to our Salts
faction.
81 can assure you that none of
the tribes which have adopted con-
Stitutions exercises the freedom
of governmental action which the
Navajo Tribe exercises. and it is
my hope that we will continue in
that way.
"One of my opponents has stated
that we are governed by the
lawyers, and not by the people.
The Legal Division does not run
the Navajo Tribe, and has never
attempted TO do SO. They do not
dictate. they do not direct the
Navajo Tribal Council: they do not
make these decisions; they simply
advise and counsel us as their
learning and judgment dictates.
l, for one. am hopeful that the
Council will heed their advice
and profit from their experience
and judgment. These men are
devoted to their work. and have
asserted the rights of the Navajo
Tribe and of the Navajo people
whenever and wherever anyone
has sought to defeat the accomp-
hshment by the Tribe of the things
which it is entitled to do for it
self and for the Navajo people.
The monetary value to the Navajo
people of the legal department
(which is one of our smaller de-
partments) is illustrated in the
approximate amount which the
Navajo Tribe either has or will
receive as a result of the work
of the Legal Division and which
it would not have received but for
their efforts, this is $50. 764. 600. -
90. and it is limitedto the fewitems
mentioned in response to the Coun-
cilmen's questions. The true value
to be received over the period
of future years inincreased royal
ties and other benefits due to the
activities of the legal department,
cannot be properly estimated. In
addition, the Legal Aid Service
has produced remarkable results
and has rendered services of i'm
mense value to the individual men,
bers of the Tribe. They have
covered for individual members
of the Tribe, from persons who
have injured or damaged them.
more than $500. 600. 90. and have
Navajo times., 1963-02-28

government, ana move the Ir1De
closer to termination.
"a. Our friends in the Bureau
of Indian Affairs published a book
in 1858. updating and restating an
earlier work prepared by former
solicitor of the Department of the
Interior. This book. put out by the
Bureau of Indian Affairs is titled
''F ederal Indian Law and con-
tains this simple summary of the
decisions of the Supreme Court of
the United States and of the appi-
cable laws:
The whole course of judicial
decision on the nature of Indian
tribal powers is marked by adher-
ence to three fundamental princi-
pies: Il An lndi antribe possessed.
in the first instance. all the pow
ers of any sovereignState. (2)Con-
quest rendered the tribe subject to
the Legislative power of the United
States and, in substance, terminal
ed the external powers of sover-
eighty Of the tribe. e.g.. its power
to enter into treaties with foreign
nations, but did not by itself termi-
nate the internal sovereignty of the
tribe, i.e., its powers of local self
government.
"(3) These internal powers
were. of course. subject to quail
fication by treaties and by express
legislation of Congress. but, save
as thus expressly qualified. many
powers of internal sovereignty have
remained in the Indian tribes and
in their duly constituted organs of
government.
Thus. we can see that the
governme ent itself recognizes
powers of self government intreaty
tribes as the Navajo Tribe. are
too dear and too precious to us
to warrant tampering with at this
time.
"As you all know. in the early
days. and even during the period
of our conflict with the federal
government. the Navajo Tribe was
governed by Councils of Head Men
The first Tribal Council was
formed in 1923. 1t was largely
under the control and domination
of the Bureau of lndian Affairs.
and while it did much good work.
it did not function to the Salts
faction of either the government
or the Navajo people.
"The evils of attempting to
organize the Tribe under these
acts as recommended by one of
my opponents is that the Con-
stitution would have to be sub
mitted again to the vote of the
people at special election, called
by the Secretary of the Interior
under such rules and regulations
as he may prescribe. The Con-
Stitution and Bylaws would still
have to be approved by the Secre-
tary of the Interior.
"When and if the Congress of
the United States will permit and
authorize an Indi an tribe such as
Navajo times., 1963-02-28
Jones Outlines Platform
iContinued from Page IL

O11 1O(t Tic HldJOI OPCI dl1OuS VI UIC
Navajo Tribal government | do
not recall if either of them ever
were consulted concerning or had
any voice in the Solutio on of any of
the major problems confronting the
Navajos when | became your Chair
man and neither has made any rec
ommendati or rendered any
assistance whatsoever in the solu-
tions which were worked out for
your benefit.
81 am told they are both going
about the Reservation saying that
-..ey will "sweep OUT. dismiss
and get rid of the non-Indi ans on
the Tribal staff who have assisted
me in formulating, securing appro-
val and adoption of, and, in the
execution of the programs which
resulted in the marked progress
which has been made on the behalf
of the Navajos. wonder if these
men can be serious? | wonder if
they even know just what consti-
tutes the problems of the Navajo
Tribe. You might ask yourself
what effort has any or either of
them ever made TO secure per-
manem, dignified jobs or job
opportunities for the Navajo peo-
pie.
Zone of them says that he would
ako fhn D,.hEo WN~Lc
provide year-round employment
for all the unemployed Navajos.
This is ridiculous! If this or SIM
liar program should be undertaken,
the Navajo Tribe would be in bank
ruptcy in less than three months
and the resulting unemployment
which would follow such misman-
agement of the Tribal assets would
be many times greater than it is
today. The Tribe would be without
funds to provide intelligent devel-
Opment of its resources so as to
provide lasting. permanent and
digmfied jobs for our people.
THE other of my opponents is
reported TO be in support of the
proposition to get rid Of all the
"Anglos" Don't be fooled by this
declaration! There are /, 1858 en-
ployees of the Navajo Indi an Tribe.
/ .17O of them are members of the
Navajo Tribe, and 33 are members
of other Tribes. Only 13O of them
are non Indi ans. OF the total num-
ber of nom Indians employed. are
duly licensed attorneys at law,
others are engineers. architects.
stereotype reporters. and special
lied personnel in the trades and
professions. There are few. if any.
Navajos or Indi ans for that matter.
available to US who would be quail
flied to perform their jobs. Many
Of them do not want responsible
positions when vacancies have oc-
Cured. Could it be that if either
Of these gentlemen are. selected
by you to be Chairman that they
propose to abolish all of these ser
vices SO necessary to the welfare
of the Navajo people and leave their
work undone2 Certainly there are
few Navajos who are competent.
qualified or licensed to do this
skilled and professional work.
sincerely wish there were Navajos
to fill all these positions, but we
must continue Navajo progress as
we are doing today until we can
staff the Tribal organization en-
tirely with our own qualified peo-
ole.
Il assure you that every effort
has been made TO promote and
provide jobs Of responsibility for
qualified Navajos in all branches
Of Tribal government. This is a
standing policy of my administra-
tion and there are competent Nav
Navajo times., 1963-02-28

and Tribal property. This was
instituted about the time became
chairman of the Navajo Tribal
Council. Together with the staff,
we have developed the budget and
budgetary control to such an ex-
tent as that the Secretary, Com
missioner and other financia al Off
GERS of the Indian service have
many times public ally commended
the Tribe for its manner of opera
ton: many other Tribes have con-
suited us for assistance in helping
them similarly arrange their fiscal
affairs. The program operates in
this manner; the Budget and FL
nance Committee of the Council
meets in March of each year. The
Committee hears and considers the
needs of each partm ent and
makes preliminary determination
OF funds to provide a tent ative esti-
mate of the funds necessary for
effective operation of the depart
mem. The Budget and Finance
Committee carefully screens and
recommends to the Navajo Tribal
Council the individual budgets. The
Council is then enabled to give
more Intelligent, effective and in
telligent consideration to the Tribal
programs and to the amount which
shall be appropriated to operate
them The Council also hears, in
detail. the amounts received by the
Tribe from the development of it's
resources. the operation of all con-
cessions, all lease holds, and all
enterprises onthe reservation, and
determines accurately the amount
of Tribal funds developed during
the yes year.
This enables me to give you
this assurance which believe you
should have. You are assured that
every dollar of revenue and income
which the Navajo Tribe has from
all sources. is fully and accurately
accounted for and the amount
thereof paid into the Tribes
account inthe Treasury of the Unit
ed States. Likewise. and with the
same degree of accuracy. every
dollar of the Tribes funds which
are withdrawn from that Treasury
deposit. is used for the purpose
and in the amount authorized by the
Navajo Tribal Council. Thus it is
that every dollar the Navajos have
or are rightly entitled to is ac-
counted for. and every dollar of
expenditure made is authorized by
the Navajo Tribal Council in their
judgment for the best interests of
the Navajo people. A certified audit
is made by an outside accounting
firm attesting to the correctness
and accuracy of accounting of the
Tribal funds.
Zone of the andidate for
Chairman of the Navajo Tribal
Council recommends immedi ate
adoption of a Constitution by the
Navajo Tribe and organization OF
tie Tribe under the Wheeler-How
ard Act adopted in 1884. or under
the Navajo-Hope Rehabi litation Act
of April 10. 1850. There are many
reasons why l do not consider or
ganzation of the Navajo Tribe un-
der the Wheeler Howard Act or the
Rehabilitation Act and the adoption
of a Constitution hereunder to be
in the best interests of the Navajo
people, and | do not recommend
it at this time. The reasons. among
others, are as follows:
81. On June IA, 1884, a pro-
posed constitution and a proposal
TO organize the Tribe under the
Wheeler-Howard Act was submit
ted to a referendum vote of the
Navajo people. and was refused and
Navajo times., 1963-02-28

settled its difficulties with the
Tribe by formal treaty dated June
/, 1868, is a clear and convincing
recognition on the part Of the fed
eral government that the Navajos
were then and still are sovereign
tribe having the power of self gov
ernmem and regulation of its in
ternal affairs. limited only by the
terms of the Treaty and such acts
of the government as have been
passed since. limiting. restricting.
or. modifying, these treaty powers.
"3. None of those who propose
that the Tribe organize under and
adopt a constitution have or can,
for that matter, point out single
additional power which the Tribal
government would have or receive
as result of such reorganiza zation.
There are none. On the contrary.
it would inevitably result in a fur
ther restriction and limitations on
the Tribes power Of local self
government, and move the Tribe
closer to Termination.
Navajo times., 1963-02-28

I'VE have been criticized on our
budgetary control. One Of the prin-
cipal factors which has been in
strumemral in e establishing the
Navajo Tribal government as the
best and most efficienr Of any Indian
tribal governments in the United
States IS the budget control Of III
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

Bass" On a brief vacation from the
hospital, head nurse Thorpe tShirI Con-
way) is eataputed into whirlwind
romanSs.
HOO q NEWS a WASHINGTON.
Color. Hardness. Streeter.
@ FACES AND PLACES.
News Dick Morgan, host.
a NEWS FINAL.
abe News; Commentary. Sports;
Weather; Area News, Editorial.
q IL PM. REPORT.
News, Weather, Commentary Sports and
Tv Editorial.
lilo q HOLLYW00DS FINEST.
Approx. Iva Hours. MY Sister Eileen"
1912 Rosalind Russell.
Ills q SITUATION REPORT.
Color.
ll:2o O WEATHER AND SPORTS.
Color. Meearry. Simpson.
11:25 q THE STEVE ALLEN SHOW.
Variety. Iva Hours.
l1:30 a THE TONIGHT SHOW.
Variety. Iva Hours. Color.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-15
Barney House Awards

District Commissioner Wal
ter N. Tobriner will present
awards at the Night of Cham
pions" at 8 pm. Tuesday at the
Barney Neighborhood House,
3118 Sixteenth street NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-15
AID
AID
Bills Passage Pushed
Before Congress Quits
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
supporting economic assist
ance would not suffice to COW
er program plans and commit
ments in several of the coun-
tries where United States po-
litical and security interests
are most seriously threatened
including Wet Nam, Laos,
Korea, Jordan and the Congo.
The amount proposed for
the technical assistance pro-
grams. under which the
United States conducts people,
to-people assistance in less de-
veloped countries, would be Sc
verely restricted.
II cannot believe that the
Congress intends to require
the United States of America
to follow policies of weakness
and retreat.
Il urge the Congress, there
fore. to appropriate the funds
essential to conduct strong and
programs in the United States
national interest"
Debate Expected
If the House passes the bill
tomorrow Democratic Leader
Mansfield expects the Senate
Appropriations Committee to
report it out Tuesday with SEN
ate debate Starting Wednes-
day.
| 1t will require unanimous
consent to waive a rule under
which appropriation bills ordi-
narily lie over for three days
after being reported. Since the
leaders are committed to ad-
journment by Saturday for
Christmas, it will take the CO.
operation of opponents to clean
up the foreign aid bill this
week.
Last years appropriation was
$50 billion, but Representative
Passman, Democrat of Louisi-
ana and in charge of the bill,
said there was also a carry
over of about the same amount
as this years. For that reason,
he said that if the total is fig
ured at $3.01 billion this year,
it should be compared with
SAL billion last year.
The committee allowed 81
billion, the full amount author
lied, for military assistance
which means that economic aid
bore the burnt of the cuts.
In addition to foreign aid.
the bill provides for other mis-
cellaneous activities, including
1929 million for the Peace
Corps.
House Expenses
The bill also covers some OPP
Grating expenses of the House.
These miscellaneous items raise
the grand total of the bill to
S3.1 billion. In addition, the bill
places a limitation of 1.3 bill
lion on operations of the Ex-
port Import Bank as recon-
mended by the Budget.
House leaders will make a
survey over the week end to
determine whether they should
attempt to get back any of the
foreign aid cut on the floor to-
morrow.
Well-informed sources indi-
Gated no such attempt would
be made for fear it would pro-
duce counter-moveS to cut the
bill more draStically.
Before the Presidents sharp
statement, one House member
commended that the Presidents
current economy drive, which
will shut down some military
installations in various parts of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-15
Virginion Named
Rhodes Scholar

w. Bowman Cutter, 81, of
Waterford, Va, was one of four
Rhodes scholars selected yes
terday at a district meeting in
Atlanta. Mr.. Cutter, a senior
at Harvard, is majoring in
anthropology.
Other Southeastern winners
of the scholarships, which are
awarded annually to provide
for two or three years of study
at oxford University, were Paul
M. PreeSSly. 81, of Atlanta,
history major at Princeton;
Earl Thomas Davis, 81, of
Miami. Fla, a graduate of the
Air Force Academy who is now
studying Latin American affairs
on a Fulbright scholarship at
Buenos Aires, and James F.
Speth, jr., 81, of Orangeburg,
S. C. a history major at Yale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-15

the country, make this a bad
time to ask the House to go
above the Appropriations Com
mittee on foreign aid.
/ Moves on Floor
| Mr.. Passman told reporters
there are more likely to be
moves on the floor to cut the
bill deeper than to raise it. But
he said he would stand by the
committee figures and would
resist further cuts.
In a brief speech in the
House yesterday afternoon, Mr..
Passman said he still believes
the bill is "a bit fat" but urged
his colleagues to take the COM
mittee bill and to pass it quick:
ly.
| Senator Mansfield said he
would like to see the House to-
tai increased by a reasonable
amount, in view of reforms
that are being inaugurated by
aid officials.
Although the House commit
tee allowed only $50 million of
new money for the Presidents
contingent fund, instead of the
$3.50 million authorized, it con-
tinued available an unSpent bal
ance of S127 million from last
year which otherwise would
have remained in the Treasury.
Important Step
This was one of the most i'm
portant steps the House COM
mittee took because it makes
available to the President $177,-
098,666 for unforeseen emer-
gencies, which is actually a lit
tie more than the new authori-
zation.
This was one of the steps
which boosted the actual total
available to a little more than
SO billion.
Here is how some of the 9TH
er major phases of the foreign
aid program Jared:
Alliance for Progress, S430
million for loans and grants in
stead of $525 million author
lied.
Development loans, $500 mil
lion as against 1925 million au-
thorized.
Supporting Assistance
supporting assistance, for
countries that maintain free
world defense forces, $500 mil
lion instead of $3.50 million au-
thorized.
In addition to foreign aid,
Agricultural bills are in a dead
try to finish up several other
appropriation bills for the fis-
cal year which began July /.
Many government agencies
have been operating for six
months on a resolution which
merely continues last years al
lotments.
J, Other bills still unfinished
are for Agriculture, District
government, the Legislative es-
tabliShment and the combined
budget of State, Justice and
Commerce. The Legislative and
Agricultural bills are in a dea-
lock and may have to go over
until January.
Milford chronicle., 1963-06-21
GLENDALE

On July 2, 1868, at one
O'Clock, the Glendale Fire Co.
will have their annual picnic at
Fowler's Beach. The firemen
and their wives will enjoy the
delicious "eats" prepared at
this time by the firemen, so
don't forget the date.
The Glendale Ladies Aux
iliary Of the Glendale Fire Co.
will meet on Monday evening,
July 8, 1868, in the fire house
at 500 O'Clock. Hostesses for
the entertainment and refresh
ments will be Mrs. Enid
Williams and Mrs. Elizabeth
Wilson.
The Glendale Fire Co. will
meet on Wednesday evening,
July 10th, in the fire house at
500 O'Clock.
The Glendale Home Eco
nomics Extension Club will be
celebrating their goth ami
versary with a covered dish
luncheon on Tuesday evening,
Milford chronicle., 1963-06-21

A treat for the LADS.

A treat for the LADS.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Osborne
and daughters Jean and Leslie
Of Dover, spent the week with
their parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Lucius Webb.
Miss Kathryn Webb of Phila. !,
was a weekend visitor Of her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Lucius
Webb.
Saturday evening callers on
Mr.. and Mrs. Robbins Webb and
family were Mr.. and Mrs. Rob
ert Osborne and daughters and
Miss Kathryn Webb.
''When temptation tries tolure
you
Just regard her as a foe;
Call upon your friend will
power
He will teach you to say no."
On Sunday evening, Mr.. and
Mrs. Joseph Horvat entertained
Mrs. Shirley Frankel at an out
door barbecue. On Monday eve
ming, Mrs. Thelma Hill was their
dinner guest. Later In the eve
ming they we're Joined by Mrs.
Mary Hobbs and daughter Jennie.