davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Court:
Equal Votes

The Supreme Court on Mon
day ruled that GeorgiaS
county unit voting system IL
unconstitutional and that all
votes In Statewide elections
must carry equal weight.
A year ago next Tuesday, the
Supreme Court. 10 the accompa-
niment OF q brilliant dissent by
Justice Frankfurter. since retired.
ruled that q voter may bring suit
IN Federal court 10 challenge the
apportionment OF State legislative
districts.
The court did not set forth any
guidelines for actions by the Legis-
latures. But. by It's ruling. II
cleared the way for what might
very well be a major revamping
OF the American election system
10 give the under-represented
urban voter a stronger voice.
Many State governments are still
Evening star., 1963-03-24
BY PETER STURSBERG
Contributing Writer

OTTAWA. The Canadian elec-
ton campaign is entering the
critical last two weeks with many
indications that a great many
voters haven't made up their
minds how they'll vote on April 8.
This fact favors the Conserva-
tives. It suggests that Prime Min
lister John Diefenbaker has been
making progress in his appeal for
the peoples sympathy. A month
ago few would have put money
on his reelection. Now many
consider that he has a good fight
9ng chance to win more parlia-
anentary seats than the Liberal
Party will get.
: Mr.. Diefenbaker is an incom-
parably better politician than his
Liberal rival, Lester Pearson. He
entered the campaign after being
hefeated in the Commons. desert
ed by part of his cabinet, and
The target Of a dump DEF" plot
within his party that nearly sue
ceeded. But the Prime Minister
has been able to generate public
sympathy by portraying himself
rs the victim Of unjustified at
lack by numerous foes in politics
md out.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
crewmen 60 Deaf

Since loud noise Is o constant
factor in military helicopter fly
ing, the crewmen usually wear
hard hats, crash helmets with
earphones built inside so that
they can talk to other crew men,
bers. If they don't have hard hats
(Which are too darned hard and
always make your ears red and
sore and your scalp itchy). crew.
men wear earphones to deaden
the sound, or failing that they
will stuff rubber earplugs or cot
ton into their ears.
The H-21s look like overgrown
sausages, with the belly down and
a rotor on each high end. In the
old days they used to be called
Flying Bananas" but in Wet
Nam they are generally called
simply H-21s. Frank Piasecki, one
of the great helicopter designers,
is credited with building the first
Of the Bananas in the firm that
carried his name then, and many
Of the H-21s in Wet Nam stem
from those early days. In fact,
many Of the Hal jockeys In Wet
Nam have said that Wet Nam is
the H-21 graveyard; they are OBJ
solete and they will probably be
left there II they don't fall apart
or get shot down first.
The H-21s are neary 90 feet
long. not counting the reach Of
the rotors. and they are consid-
cradle targets. being about the
size Of the average Wet Namese
farmhouse.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Congress-:
RoodbIock

The House Education and
Labor Committee last week ap-
proved the youth corps bill. but
the aid 10 medical schools
measure was held up By the
Rules Committee.
Even the enlarged House Rules
Committee cannot be counted
upon, as the administration had
hoped. TO guarantee that welfare
legislation will be promptly
cleared for action on the House
floor.
This was demonstrated on
Wednesday when, by Q 7-to-7
vote. the rules group blocked the
march Of President Kennedy's
S236 million bill 10 aid medical
schools and students. The tie tally
was brought about by the illness
OF Representative Madden. an In
diana Democrat and an admins
tration supporter.
The measure thus will be held
up at least until Mr.. Madden's
return, which Is not expected
much before the Easter recess.
The rules vote indicates that
another favorite Kennedy meas
ure may face the same fate. The
House Education and Labor Com
mittee approved the youth en-
ployment bill. 10 10 IL. over solid
Republican opposition on Thurs
day. with Mr.. Madden absent, the
committee probably viii block
this measure. too, II II Is brought
10 vote soon.
That Mr.. Kennedy was an
noyed by the action OF the con-
servative coalition In the rules
group was made clear at his news
conference on Thursday. Asked
about the medical school bill de-
cision. he said:
THE five Republicans on the
committee voted no. Judge Smith
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Policy Meetinsl

It Is that at some point In late
January or February. there was q
climactic meeting OF the policy
making Presidium In Moscow at
which the whole question Of re-
lations with China was thrashed
out and q decision made TO at
tempt a reconciliation.
This could mean that Mr..
Khrushchev lost control OF the
Presidium majority. once before,
In 1857. that happened.
At any rate. the Khrushchev OF
February and March Is behaving
very differently from the Khru-
shchev OF November and Decem-
Der, In many OF his public ap-
pearances. the mouth has been
that Of a recognizable Khrushchev
but the words have been those
OF old-line Stalinists.
There probably is little the
West can do at this time 10 re-
cover the opportunity. All II can
do. in all likelihood. is 10 sit tight
and walt for another chance
ready 10 exploit II. II II comes.
more daringly and more swiftly
than the one which was lost this
past winter.
Evening star., 1963-03-24

equality can mean only one
thing one person, one vote"
In his lone dissent, Justice Har-
Ian noted that the disproportions
in the Georgia unit system are
not greatly out Of line with those
existing under the Electoral Col
lege. "t7
He said that in 1850. for ex-
ample, the disparity in population
per Electoral College vote was 5
to / between New York = and
Alaska-226,l67 residents Of the
49th State had three electoral
votes whereas 1912 ,304 residents
Of New York had IS. .-acs
Evening star., 1963-03-24
H-2ls,HUS's and HUEYs

We have three kinds Of hell
copters in Wet Nam: H-21s, the
1851 version of the Piasecki Ply
ing Banana" built by Vertol;
HUSs. the Marine chopper which
is higher-powered and better-per-
forming than the H-2l, and more
recently conceived and built by
Sikorski; and the HUEY (Army
slang for HULA and HUIB), built
by Bell, which is the best per-
forming and most powerful Of the
whirlybirds in Wet Nam. The
HUEYs are heavily armed with
rockets and machineguns, and
used as fighter-helicopters to
convoy the more vulnerable
troop-carrying choppers into air
phibious assaults.
All the different types Of hell
copters In Wet Nam are noisy:
The HUEY with its drumming
and popping jet-powered rotor, Is
the least noisy. However, in ac-
ton the HUEY can be q real ear
bangor because the rocket tubes
and machineguns are mounted to
the rear and their chunging and
rafting are always a surprise and
shock Except perhaps to the CO.
pilot who presses the triggers and
is therefore prepared.
Another source of noise in the
HUEYs is the chatter Of the au-
tomato carbines fired by the
Evening star., 1963-03-24
And Now Spring =.

All winter long the encased in It's hard sheath Frost
upon the EARTH the trees are brittle shells the river
acquires plating likewise button themselves up IN
thick clothing hiding limbs and torso Woodchuc and cnpmuns
petracto earth and It's creatures each dwelling IN
own coffin You touch life anywhere only It's easing
time theory hypocrisy for Imagined sin ana
affected time 10 find fault In words ana 70
reform the world on paper clevernes and scholarship
vanity makes himself at home on the earth Ike
flea In the ear Of sleeping ordering matters TO suit himself
Then spring comes the casing off, and the living body OF the
exposed 10 see and touch Lie slowly
fushes and fills t-Lous j. Halle In Spring In washington
Atheneum Paperback. ei25
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Continued From Page B-l

Continued From Page B-l
q weekend recess In their battle
Of words-the hearings resume e
on Tuesday the big questions
being asked in Washington are
these:
Why2 Why did the Pentagon
civilian high command elect to
declare war on the highly regard
ed Mcclellan subcommittee
Why did Mr.. Mcnamara and his
aides break the unwritten law Of
political combat In the Capital by
questioning the motives Of indi-
Vdual Senators and by publicly
criticizing subcommittee proce-
dures2
What, II anything. does the
Defense Secretary hope TO gain
by warning with the subcommit-
tee2
Evening star., 1963-03-24
AP Voc DisosteT

Meanwhile, we are suffering
more casualties among the hell
copter pilots and crewmen than
In any other branch Of our war
effort in Wet Nam. Our first hell
copter battle fatalities came near
Kontum on July is when three
men of the Eighth Helicopter
Company were killed as their H
81 was shot out of the sky by
VIC automatic weapons fire.
The hardest casualties suffered
by the helicopter in the Wet Nam
War to date were at Ap Vac in
the Delta in early January when
four H-21s and one HUEY were
shot out Of the sky by VIC fire.
Two gunners we're killed.
Since the Ap Vac defeat, the
helicopter boys, especially the
HUEY pilots and crewmen, have
been agitating for q change In
the rules of engagement so that
the HUEYs could go in Just be-
fore a helicopter assault and shoot
up q landing zone in the VIC ter
ritory and soften 1t little so that
the VIC wouldn't be able to meet
with such effective fire. This kind
of preparatory spraying by ma
chine gun and rockets before a
landing is known as suppressive
fire. On February IS the Defense
Evening star., 1963-03-24
News Attack

On Tuesday. q panel Of repre-
sentatives from news media
sharply attacked the administra-
tons news policy in testimony
before the House Information
Subcommittee. They declared that
lies by Government officials are
undermining the credibility Of
what the Government says and
they denounced the news man
agement" they said is being prac-
ticed by the Kennedy admins
tration.
A particular target Of the
newsmen was the Pentagon and
It's press chief. Arthur Sylvester.
Evening star., 1963-03-24

chairman Howard SMITH and
Representative Colmer. Of Vir-
ginia and Mississippi voted no.
The seven Democrats voted yes"
As the Congressiona Quarterly
observed, the reference TO Messrs.
Smith and Colmer appeared to be
a departure from q practice fol-
lowed by the President In the S7th
Congress Of avoiding direct at
tacks on Southern opponents in
his own party"
Evening star., 1963-03-24

want is to obtain the facts which
attended the making Of the (TFX)
award; that Is all"
The Senator and his committee
will get the facts and the hearings
no doubt will be expected II the
Pentagon ceases its attacks and
co-operates promptly.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Could Be the End

Your auditory nerves are brit
tie with leaning out for the shot
or shower Of shots which could be
the end Of you or hit you with q
wound which could cripple you or
disfigure you for life, or even
burn you alive Gas several hell
copter crews have been burned to
DEATH. -s
But the chances are about. so
to one that your ship won't be
hit, since this Is q Marine hell
copter with plenty of poop and
speed, well flown by highly trained
people; 1t will take off and go
back and pick up the next load
Of troops. and repeat again and
again. The strange. tense cycle
will repeat three or four times
per morning-flights into differ
ent landing zones, usually after
a bombardment by fighter planes
to soften up possible enemy re-
sistance, and each time the same
climactic moment when you touch
the ground and the chopper Is
stationary as the troops tumble
out, and each time the breathless
wait which could be your last, or
maybe the last with all your arms,
legs. eyes and ears. 81
That is the way it Is with the
helicopter war In the north.
copyright. 1853, by MANA. Ine.) y
Evening star., 1963-03-24

back end of the troop compart-
ment on the left side.
Because Of their age and their
lack Of power and speed, the H
21s, by far the most common
helicopter type In Wet Nam, are
not very much respected by Amer
leans.
The sad fact Is that II the
double -domes who several years
ago planned our so-called mill
tary posture had been on the ball
and had brought along some new
helicopter designs for Just such
bush wars as this, we would have
faster. less vulnerable. better
armed troop-carrying helicopters
in Wet Nam. But these same
double domes made the same
mistake scientists often make
when they dabble in military SCI
ence: They oversimplified. They
felt that the emergence Of nu-
clear weapons made other types
Of fighting equipment unneces-
sary.
But the mistake has been
made, and we have to patch
along with 1t until newer equip
ment can be developed and sent
over there.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Rulings to Come

What this latest Supreme Court
decision implies with respect, to
States assemblies and senates and
TO congressional districts may be
resolved In later rulings. e
Another question which likely
will be decided one day is whether
the high tribunal will reject q
compromise proposal being ad-
vanced by rural-oriented State
Legislatures that one chamber be
based on population cone person.
one vote"D and the other In part
on geography, as Is the United
States Senate. .'-s1'
How the court moves on these
big issues clearly will deeply affect
American politics and elections In
the years TO come. aur
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Diefenboker's Strotegy

Many persons who a month
ago were firmly resolved to vote
against Mr.. Diefenbaker now
aren't so sure. Liberal Leader
Pearson has not proved an ap-
pealing alternative. He does not
project the image of q strong
leader, and even the strong posi-
ton he took January IL favoring
acceptance of American nuclear
arms has been weakened by his
suggestion, later recanted. that q
Liberal government would seek to
renegotiate its nuclear commit
ments In order to abandon nu-
clear ans.
i Mr.. Diefenbaker's strategy has
been to make sweeping claims
that his administrations policies
have been beneficial for the coun-
try, but to waste little time In
detailed defense Of his record
against the attacks Of the Lib
erals, the Social Creditors and the
New Democrats. Instead. he at
tacks the Liberals as being re-
sponsible for his governments
failures. He contends that the
Canadian dollar crisis Of last
tpring was caused by the Liberals
sdenigration Of Canada" in the
Election campaign at that time.
He asserts that the Liberals "ob-
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Testing Ground

Wet Nam. besides being the site
Of q bitter civil war between
Free Wet Nam and Communist
Wet Nam, is q testing ground for
weapons and techniques which
we Americans land the Commu-
nists) will be using in the hot
spots Of South America, Africa,
the Middle East and Asia as we
help free governments to fight off
the menace Of creeping commu-
nism.
That is why $4,000 American
soldiers, Marines, airmen and
sailors, are giving their all to de-
velop a new kind Of blitzkrieg for
the nuclear age, the l00-mile-an-
hour. infinitely flexible, dazzling
ly powerful but strange and some-
times uncouth war Of the whirly-
birds.
As q correspondent, I have seen
some Of those weird and wonder
ful battles which our helicopter
strength enables us to bring off.
On my Wet Nam assignment, I
flew Al missions with the various
kinds Of helicopters.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Something Happened -.

Then, near the end Of January.
something happened 10 alter the
course of events The world does
not yet know for sure what II
was. But suddenly. on January
81, Moscow broke off the test ban
talks In New York. and resumed
stonewalling IN Geneva.
Soon. Mr.. Khrushchev began
talking like a stalinist 10 his in
tellectual community. The So
Wet Union and the United States
exchanged intelligence probes on
the high seas. Moscow accused
the United States Of firing on q
Soviet trawler. and promptly over
flew Alaska. The whole atmos-
Evening star., 1963-03-24
AerioI CovoIry

There have been some difficult
ties In our use Of the helicopters
in this new kind Of small hot war.
But q good deal Of the time. the
helicopter techniques have been
crowned with success. The Wet
Nam experience Is showing that
in future little hot wars Of this
type - and we are destined for
many Of them in the next decade
or two as the Communists press
against us all around the world
the helicopter is truly q magic
weapon against Red insurgents,
an aerial cavalry which can hit
them any time, without warning.
The latest wrinkle in the hell
copter war Is the "fire brigade"
or reserve troop, q small, we'll
trained and well-armed striking
force, standing by their helicop-
ters and ready to be committed
whenever q VIC concentration has
been turned up and needs to be
encircled or blocked.
These helicopter striking forces
are called Eagle" or Condor"
flights in the Delta or southern
section, where the heaviest fight
ing in all Wet Nam continually
goes on; Platoon Forces" in the
plateau country ct the center Of
Wet Nam, around Kontum or
Pleiku; and Tiger Forces" up in
the jungly mountains Of the
North, inland of Hue and Danang.
In all three areas, the fast, he'll
copter mounted cavalry troops
have been successful In surpris-
ing the VIC and killing or cap
turing them.
My own experience with the
choppers in Wet Nam began in the
northern part Of the country.
where I spent about q month
with the Marine Helicopter Squad
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Armor Vests

They have Q crew Of four: Pilot
and co-pilot riding up at the
front with q commanding view,
and crewmen at the two doors,
armed with automatic weapons
land protected by armor vests
and pants). The troops, usually
10 to IL per airplane, file into
the cabin between the forward
door, Just behind the pilots cock
pit, and the rear door, at the
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Persons Campaign

Mr.. Pearson's strategy has been
to campaign on a high plane Of
issues and the Liberal program,
for the most part refraining from
replying in kind to the personal
attacks that his foes have been
leveling against him. This STRAIT
egy is intended to present him as
a responsible statesman in whose
capable hands the voters can
safely entrust the direction Of ma
tional affairs. Mr.. Pearson has
often been likened to Adlsi Ste
venson, with this difference: Ste
venson quit after two defeats.
whereas this Is Pearson's third
try against Diefenbaker.
AS II recognizing that Mr.. Pear
son is perhaps too bland q politi-
cal campaigner, the Liberal cam
palgn directors added punch to
their assault on Mr.. Diefenbaker
by distributing q Liberal color
ing book" Of caricature and ridi-
cule aimed primarily at the Prime
Minister. and by putting a truth
squad" on Mr.. Diefenbaker's trail
with instructions to check his
speeches for falsehoods. exaggera-
tions and neutrality-suspicious..
Evening star., 1963-03-24
HELcop1ERs THE KEY
In Wet Nam Is the War Of the Future

ron, HMM 1853 (Helicopter Ma
rine Medium) flying out of Da-
nang. The squadron was led by
1t. Col. Robert l.. Rathbun Of
Oakland. Calf, a 40 year old
veteran of Marine fighter opera
ton in World War II.
In the HUSs, the Sikorsky made
Marine helicopters. you climb up
into the cabin via a wide door,
way which is at the right side
Of the fuselage Gas you face, the
'front.'. The cabin, or troop COM
partment, is large enough to, hold
ten or IL fully equipped troops,
with a few small windows. and
sometimes q bright PHOTOGRAPHIC
portrait Of a winsome lass, redo
lent with powerful flesh tones,
clipped from a "Playboy""-type
magazine and stuck UP on a bulk
head.
ioa}
What II Feels Like
Sitting in the belly, as this
troop compartment is usually
called by pilots and crewmen, you
look UP forward to see the feet
Of the pilot and co-pilot, clad in
rough field shoes.
Action begins when your flight
Of choppers, IS or 20 strong,
sweeps into q field to pick UP as
sembled Wet Namese troops, tiny
brown men struggling valiantly
with heavy American weapons.
You look at their childish, beard
less faces, usually trying to ap-
pear implacable and expression
less, sometimes grinning when
they see you looking to them.
Then come the tense moments
when you hear your drumming
rotor churn into full pitch, or
maximum power setting, and the
crew chief flips a round into the
chamber of his gun.
You sweep close over tall trees
and thick underground, and the
steel-helmeted Wet Namese next
to you in the cabin are fidgeting
now and crowding short-winded
around the door and you know
this is the critical time when you
are the best target for the en-
emy below; the pilot sinks the
Hopping big bird over lush green
trees and into the wet brown
marsh Of rice paddy. you sweat
out the 10 or IL seconds while
you are stationary In the muck
and the troops are splashing into
the chocolate-covered mess where
they haul themselves and guns
and packs through waist-deep,
clinging wetness.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Conservatives Lead
lin Race in Canada

structionism" in Parliament pre-
vented passage Of government
legislation that would have meant
more jobs for the city dwellers
and more government aid for
farmers.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

N2UNTTED NATIONS. N. y
Draw q rough graph Of East-West
relations beginning with the mo-
tnent of the Cuba settlement last
fan. Then, covering the same
,nonth period. sketch relations be-
tween the Soviet Union and Red
China.
The result is fascinating and
Illuminating. The two graphs
mirror one another with remark
pble accuracy. Turn one upside
DOWN and 1t virtually comedies
With the other.
There long has been q work.
ing hypothesis in Western diplo-
matte capitals that the chance Of
satisfactory cold-war settlement
with Moscow varied inversely with
the warmth of Sino-Soviet rela-
tions-that is, that Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev sought a bridge
TO the West most realistically
when he was In closest harness
with Peiping.
Now we have had an excellent
chance to test that theory-and
TO draw conclusions from 1t.
a.
.conciIiotoy Attitude
Last October, Mr.. Khrushchev
agreed to pull his missiles and
-bombers out Of Cuba. and In the
fervor Of the moment - having
come face to face with the night
mare Of nuclear war - asked for
talks to settle other outstanding
fEast-West problems.
Shortly thereafter. he agreed in
principle TO on-site inspection Of
q nuclear test ban. On January
IL, Soviet diplomats met privately
with American disarmament ex-
perts In an atmosphere Of high
hope for q breakthrough.
This was the period Of maxi
mum Sino-Soviet hostility. Pei
ping called Mr.. Khrushchev an
1appeaser for pulling out Of Cuba.
Mr.. Khrushchev was openly hos
tile to Red China's attack on In
dia. The wraps came off. and In
addition TO theological double talk.
practical grievances such as
Russia's withdrawal of economic
aid IN lo60-were cited.
At an explosive Party Congress
IN East Berlin january i5-20 I.
the Chinese delegate was sub
jected TO organized boots. catcalls.
and laughter. He In turn lam
basted Russia and sat morosely
IN his chair while Mr.. Khru-
shchev was toasted.
II seemed that an historic re-
versal OF alliances might be In
process - Moscow breaking de-
finitively with Peiping and seek
ing a reconciliation with the
West.
Evening star., 1963-03-24
Sino-Soviet Clashes
Reflected in West

phere Of Soviet-American rela-
tons chilled.
Similarly. the atmosphere Of
Sino-Soviet relations improved.
Moscow and Peiping decided to
rein In on the edge Of the prec-
ipice," as the Peiping Peoples
Daily" put 1t. and began cropping
toward a reconciliation.
On February 10, Moscow sug-
gested direct. bilateral talks with
China "at any level and at any
time" Peiping agreed, in part.
though 1t invited Mr.. Khrushchev
to China for them-a site not
likely to appeal to the Soviet
chief.
Nothing in diplomacy Is wholly
clear-cut; almost everything is
subject to qualification. Soviet
troop Withdrawals from Cuba, for
example. continue-though at a
snail's pace. But broadly. East
and West seem headed further
apart while Moscow and Peiping
seem to be inching back together.