davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

I pressed, that the dispute is. not
at all over blacks or whites.
Military men want more judg-
ment, leadership and expert
mentation; the civilians want
more analysis, management,
objectivity and efficiency.
They agree also that a dis
pute exists only because money
is short. The Kennedy admin
istration added $40 billion a
year to defense spending, but
another 500 billion a year
could not buy all of the weapons
and soldiers that could reason
ably contribute to national
security.
Pushing Ceiling
The present $50 billion de-
Tense budget is pushing through
the ceiling the administration
would like to set. The White
House, State Department and
Treasury say spending must
come down.
Mr.. Mcnamara, with all his
prestige and coSt-effectiveneSS
studies, cannot resist forever
the pressure to cut back, The
services just cannot have the
weapons and troops they be-
lieve they need, 1t is argued.
How then can the choices
among recommended weapons
and force levels be made-and
who shall make them? Most
military men want the de-
cisions to stem from their own
judgment of what is needed,
although the civilians actually
would make the decisions.
Limitations Recognized
Mr.. Mcnamara and his COL
leagues believe that there
should be a minimum amount
Of personal judgment and a
maximum number of coSt-ef-
fectiveneSs studies.
The civilians recognize the
limitations of their studies. DR..
Enthoven, who directs many of
the key ones, says:
Our general impression is
that the art OF systems analysis
is in about the same stage now
as medicine during the latter
half of the 10Th century; that
Is, it has just reached the point
at which it can do more good
than harm, on the average"
Mr. Mcnamara says he uses
these analyses only as a tool, as
a check on professional judg-
ment when things can be
reduced to costs, quantities and
comparative efficiencieS. He
says he actually spends more
time listening to military men
express judgments than to
whiz kids presenting analyses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
TREATY
Continued From Page Al

NOlltuluCu EEOH age Al
rush this through" Senator
Mansfield assured Senate Re-
publican Leader Dirksen, who
asked about the timetable.
Earlier, Senator DirkSen in
Dictated he is likely to support
ratification of the pact, which
bans all tests except under
ground.
Senator Dirksen talked with
reporters after the Foreign Re
lations Committee, which ap.
proved the treaty 1871 last
week, published a formal re.
port that the balance of risks
is acceptable and recommended
its ratification without reser-
vations.
The Republican leader said
that at his invitation a small
group Of @. o. P. Senators was
krfefed last week by Secretary
1E Defense Mcnamara, Under
sHecretary of State w. Averell
Narriman, william c. Foster
head of the Arms Control and
disarmament Agency, and some
tofher officials.
81 Some Doubts Resolved
sThey resolved a good many
ct the doubts in my mind about
stle treaty" Senator Dirkser
aid. But he declined to say
soefinitely that he would vote
10 approve it.
Senator Cooper said in an in.
sterview that "the risks are
snown and were fully developed
IN the hearings.
<'Breaches can be managed
y believe, by the provisions OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Big Train HoIdup
Suspect Charged

LONDON, Sept. 5 (AP). =
Ronald A. Biggs, "a, was for
mally accused in court today
OF taking part in Britain's ST.
100000 mail train robbery on
August 8.
He is the fourth man charged
with playing a role in the Glas-
gow-London mobile post office
robbery Five other persons are
under arrest on charges Of re-
ceiving portions Of the loot.
After a brief hearing, Biggs
was returned to Jail pending
a court appearance next Tues
day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05
Pakistan Asks
j. ). Restraint
On China Issue
BY RICHARD CRITCHFIELD
Star Special Writer

|
RAWALPINDI, Pakistan
Sept. 5.-Grim, close-mouthed
Pakistani officials today con-
fided that only a cool, restrained
United States reaction to this
country'S recently thawed rela-
tons with Red China could
prevent a horrifying decline in
Pakistani's internal stability.
Undersecretary of State
George Ball mplaned this
afternoon for Lisbon after
three days of frank exploratory
talks with President Ayub Khan
Gen. Ayub's government has
crawled way out on a. pro-
Chinese propaganda limb ano
now seeks to retreat to safety
before an irritated United
States Congress saws the limb
off. accordingto both ?akistani
and American observers.
Pakistan's 80 million Muslims
Historically fear Hindu India S
domination, yet the govern
ment cannot afford an arms
race with India without wreck
ing its developing economy.
Outlines Problems
PakiStan officials told Mr.
Ball that delimiting Of the
country's 1ong-disputed borders
with China is common sense;
that Pakistan must find new
markets and that the country's
leadership badly needs a civil
air link through China to bal
ance midas prestige air run to
Moscow.
Mr.. Ball, according to Ameri-
can sources, will report to
President Kennedy Monday
that Pakistan intends no re-
proachment with China that
would interfere with United
States alliances.
Behind Gen. Ayub's feeling
that he needs to create a
Chinese DOGGY to hold New
Delhi in line lies the fact that
Pakistan's economy is Straining
under the weight Of present
arms spending. Finance Min
lister Mohammed Shoaib, Paki-
STAINS second most powerful
man and for 10 years the able
executive director of the World
Bank, said in interview today
that 81 per cent of Pakistan's
budget now is spent for defense.
To Plead Case Here
Mr.. Shoaib, with foreign
Minister z. A. Bhutto, will plead
PakiStan's case in Washington
in late September. He was en-
phatic that Pakistan intended
to get no closer to Red China
than normalization Of long
hostile relations.
In answer to a hypothetical
question, Mr.. Shoaib said a
cutoff of United States eco
nomic aid would mean the loss
Of around $3.50 million in aid
a year. In the event military
aid stopped. PakiStan would re-
appraiSe the whole situation
before increasing its own rupee
spending on arms. Mr.. Shoaib
doubted such a cut off of
United States aid would spell
total disaster for Pakistan's
economy. No independent ma
ton goes into bankruptcy, he
said. The standard of living
goes down but other countries
have lived through it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-05

lysts," are "above the profess
sional military level rather
than in an advisory capacity
to the military. :"
The civilian analysts them
selves say the name of the
game really is analysis versus
horse trading and guessing.
Too often, they say, military
men do not base their recon-
mendations on valid expert
ence and professional judy
ment, but on deals worked out
among the services and on mis-
leading memories of the last
war.
This, say the military men
is a misunderstanding based
on inexperience. Services rest
on the sort of leadership mill
tary men have developed
through centuries Of trial and
error, they argue.
The dispute might be called
leadership versus manage
ment," according to the Off
GERS.
Or perhaps it is GOODNESS
versus warmth" The analyst.
love their computers; officers
love their men.
"Our Nation will defy every
lesson of history If we think
that Stockpiles of weapons OF
the decisions Of computers wir
wars" Admiral Anderson saic
yesterday. Man, his wits anc
his will, are still the key to wal
and peace, victory and defeat.
Again the civilians disagree
The dispute can be labeled
combat power versus expert
mentS," the say. For if you
look at the record, all of the
talk about leadership, men and
experience sounds mighty hol-
low beside the wasted weapons
bought by the military with
the taxpayers money.
One "whiz kid" Deputy Con-
troller Alain Enthoven, points
out that when Mr.. Mcnamara
came to office there were Is
defense weapon systems in OPP
or under development,
all designed to deliver nuclear
at long range. Doz-
ems more were proposed.
Only Six Left
Now, all but six are killed or
being phased out, leaving three
airborne, two land-based and
one seaborne system.
The six still offer a variety,
but the reduction permits more
to be concentrated on
fewer combat systems, thus
more combat power for
the amount Of money available
for weaponry.
Both sides agree, when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
PIutt Is Speaker
AT WILLIAMSBURG

WILLIAMSBURG. - Noted
explorer Rutherford Platt. Of
New York will address the
gardeners banquet Of the 1868
Williamsburg Garden Sympos-
ium here March 81.
Mr.. Platt's gardening adven-
lures have even taken him. to
the polar regions as a crew
member and botanist on two
expeditions. He collected polar
plants for the New York Be-
tanical Garden.
He also served as natural
history adviser for Walt Dis
ney's series of nature films.
Further information on the
Symposium may be obtained
from Mrs. Mary B. Deppe,
Drawer C. Williamsburg. Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

coins and lights the candle and
incense.
Everyone comes out to see
the krathongs from water
side porches, bridges, or boats,
Nearly every private and COM
mercial boat in Bangkok-and
there are thousands-becomes
a party vessel on 10y Krathong
night.
Our boat party was given by
an American who lives in
Bangkok. He invited about 10
friends - two Americans, the
rest Thai-and hired a taxi
boat for the evening, at a cost
of about IS.
The boat-one of hundreds
like it that ferry passengers
and small cargo across the
Chao Phraya River all day
was about 20 feet long by 5
feet wide. with q wooden roof
and a geared engine and steer
ing wheel In back.
The owner driver brought
along his wife, two little chill
dren, and a couple of young
men-presumably brothers or
cousins-for the ride. when we
got into heavy traffic one Of
the young men would scramble
onto the roof to act as combi-
nation lookout and guide.) The
boatman and his family sat in
back, the host and his guests
in front, and the hosts cook
and houseboy in the middle.
Dinner Is Served
The party began at shutdown
about $3.50 o'clock. AS the
boat moved from the dock the
cook served cocktails to the
guests and soft drinks to the
drivers children. Later she pro-
duced a complete hot dinner
beef curry, shrimp. salad. and
the works-from the pots and
thermos bottles the houseboy
had loaded on board.
We picked a quiet canal to
launch our krathongs, so they
would have a safe journey. "a
tipped over krathong brings
very bad luck.) Here the mood
was pleasantly peaceful-fam-
lilies sitting on their porches
watching for pretty krathongs,
a group gathered at a temple to
mark the holiday.
But as we cruised onto the
river we burst into the midst
Of an aquatic New Years Eve.
Countless boats Just like ours,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Puris PIuns Giunt
New Sports Palace

PARIS.-A new. ultra-mod-
ern Palais des Sports is planned
for completion in 1864 a half
mile from the Pont de Neuilly
on the western edge Of the city.
Capacity is rated at over
1900 spectators and parking
for 5000 cars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Bangkok Beauties Night,
Floating Its Sins to Sea

the now-sinless celebrants toss
ing gifts Of fruit into passing
boats; big three-decked river
streamers, straight out Of Mark
Twain, with orchestras and
bars going full tilt: the house,
boat sampans Of the poor, decks
crowded with children; police
boats, made far less forbidding
by the presence of the officers
wives and children, brought
along to see the spectacle; and
everywhere, brilliant krathongs
floating by.
Barge Lit Up
Our driver headed for the
Grand Palace where a tremen-
dous traffic jam had built up.
Everyone wanted to see the
royal barge.
The incredibly long and thin
boat - one of dozens in the
Kings personal fleet - was
trimmed end to end with cleo
trio light bulbs and bathed in
flood lights. The royal oarsmen
sat in their places. wearing
their scarlet and gold uniforms.
Even through the fumes of in
cense and diesel smoke, it was
magnificent.
About IL o'clock, the boats
began to return to their docks
and the celebrators went home
to start a new collection of
Sins"
The rest of 10y Krathong
night belonged to the small
boys who make a good thing
out of capturing krathongs and
fishing out the coins.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03

IIoWer, tnaJS even better - a
lotus is said to hold more sins
than the paper jubs.)
On 10y Krathong Day, kra-
thongs are sold all over town
most cost l to 5 baht Is to rs
cents, but the bigger, more
elaborate models go up to 81
or so.
A tiny candle and two in
cense sticks are stuck into each
krathong. Just before launch
ing. the sinner drops in a few
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
BY ADELE CHIDAKEL
Contributing Writer

bANGkoK-In this wateroriented capital any for
noat party viii do But the best the might
ratnong festival when out the river
canals 70 float his sins away the tide
Inc sinremovers colorul little banana leaf
flowers called krahongs Of you happen to have real lotus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-03-03
Why you
should sail
to Europe
on April 6 or
April Is:

Because on these two
dates Canadian Pacific's White
Expresses will sail for Europe
direct from New York.
The sleek Empress OF
England departs New York for
Liverpool on April s; our flag.
ship, the Empress Of Canada.
follows on April IS.
As q passenger aboard a
White Empress, you'll enjoy
every comfort Of luxurious sur.
roundings and modern design.
Ships are stabilized and 1907
air.condltioned.
Then, en- route to Europe,
you'll discover why our service
is Justly world famous. Our
skilled, friendly staff sees to Il
that you enjoy every minute Of
shipboard life as only Canadian
Pacific can offer Il.
And when you plan an
April White Empress sailing, you
take advantage OF our special
thrift season rates. One way min.
lmum fares from $20l tourist,
$325 first class; 1917 reduction
on round trip passage.
Choose your Empress and
make your reservations now for
April s or April IS. For details
contact your travel agent or
GuG1u@re
1904 X Street, NV, Wash. ., DC.
National e-45Se
Tssias Tfostt gkiot pls.ss tts.t.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-04-30
1t. Hanenkrat
Completes Course

Army 2nd 1t. Frank 7. Han
enkrat, %. whose wife Linda.
lives in Prospect, completed al
eight-week officer orientation
course at the Infantry School.
Fort Benning Ga. April 9.
During the course Lieutenant
Hanenkrat received instruction
in the duties and responsibilities
Of infantry platoon leaders.
The lieutenant was graduated
from Appolnat,ox High School in
1857 and received his bachelor
of arts degree from the Univer-
sity OF R chnond in 1861 A
member Of scabbard and Blade
society and Of Pi Kappa Alpha
and Phi Beta Kappa fraterni-
ties. he also attended the Uni
verslty of Washington. Seattle
His parents. Mr.. and MI. WI
liam F Hanenkrat, live on
Route , Appomattox.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-04-30
W arning Issued
On Blue Mold

Tobacco growers in Virginia
should beware of blue mold this
season. says S. B Femme, plant
patholoelst at VPI Blue mold
appeared in Florida and Georgia
on February %, but has not
become widespread yet.
Growers are urged 10 begin
control measures before they
get the disease in their tobacco
plant beds Weather forecasts
fol- the next month indicate tenn
pcratureS will be about normal
and heavy rains are expected
IN many areas. These conditions
are ideal for the development Of
blue mold.
Femme says. 1T certainly
would be wise for all tobacco
growers to start spraying Of
dustlng with fe.bam or zineb.
starting as soon as plants are
the size Of a dime and repeat
ing applications twice each week
until plants are set in the field
II and when Blue mold ap-
pears in the northern part Of
North Carolina or the southern
part Of Virginia. it is very m
portant tn t growers do
thorough Job Of spraying or
dusling Every leaf should be
we'll covered with the spray. on
The bottoms as We'll as the tops
Of l2aNcS.
Fcrbam is used at the rate oi
about four pounds TO 100 gallons
OF water or about five lcNc /
tablcSroonSful of each gallon.
Zincb is used at a slightly light
er rate al about two and one
half to three pounds to 100 gal-
Ions. or two and one-half table
spoonsful per gallon
Warns Fenne. We have had
several years recently without A
severe outbreak Of blue mol d.
This might be the YEAR that
blue mcld may wipe out your
crop unless 1t is properly con-
troLed III the plant bed"
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1963-04-30
Student Day And
Bermuda Short
Day At Powhatan

POWHATAN. April 25 Stu
dents of PoWhatan High School
SEA are sponsoring Student
Day Oh Friday, April %. Each
teachers is being represented by
students during the day In years
past. Student Day has proven
to be educational as well as rec
reational, and the SEA hopes it
will benefit all students again
this year
The following students viii be
representing their activities in
the various capacities of: princi-
pal. Thomas w. Stafford. Jimmy
Riddle. office secretary, Mrs
Doris Kornegay. Linda Lawson.
For teachers. Mrs Margaret
Franklin. Brenda Leadbetter and
j n ct Flowers: Mrs. Nancy
Bolte. Pat Wilson and Nancy
Campbell. James E. Altizer.
Cheryl Garrett and Jimmy Kor-
negay. Mrs. Evelyn Blandford.
Carol Bradley and Nancy New
ton: John Guidon. John zban
and Melvin Blankenship: Mrs.
Rachel Elan, Phyllis UT and
Steve Boite William Epperson,
Liston Rudd and Bula Hatcher.
Miss Mary Ann Martin. V a d
Condrey: James Arbough, Bill
Richter and David Childress;
Mrs. Donna Bell. Bunny Hurt
and Margaret Mann.
Also, Mrs Kenneth Clarke.
Nancy Stratton and Sandra Wal
ton: and Maxwell w. Timber
lake in vocational agriculture
Will be represented by David
Payne. Miss Fran Callahan is
instructor in the commerce., de-
partment and she Will be rep
resented by Betty Mae Babcock
and Shirley Graham. While in
the home economies department
Mrs Frances Gordon Will be
represented by Mary Brauer and
Judy Ford. Band representatives
for John G. Perkins will be Ron
HE Clements and Robert Brad
bury.
New Officers
The SEA officers elected for
1864 recently by the student
body are Bula Ann Hatcher.
president: Steve Bolte, vice
president; Mary Brauer, secre-
taly. John Zban treasurer, and
Phil Blankenship reporter
Bula Ann Hatcher and Bunny
Hurt attended the state conven-
ton held on April at Madison
College.
This year. the SEA is plan
ming to have another Bermuda
Day on May 3. In order to wear
bermuda shorts. a student must
pay . cents to one of the
members Of the Bermuda Day
Committee. Last year. this was
quite a successful event. and the
SEA hopes it VIII be even bet
ten this year
Evening star., 1963-05-19
By WILLIAM HINES
Star Staff Writer

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla.-The
22-orbit flight of Astronaut Le-
roy Gordon Cooper marked, for
practical purposes, the end of
Project Mercury.
There may be additional Mer-
curry flights, in response to a real
or fancied public demand for
more bread and circuses in the
18 months before Project Gemini
is ready. But the real reason for
Mercury's existence has ended,
and the program can now justly
be assessed.
Even the most hard-bitten
critic would admit that Project
Mercury has been signally sue
cessful in achieving it's aims.
These aims were to test men and
machines in the unfamiliar en-
vironment of space, and to learn
whether men can survive and op-
crate in extended periods of
We1ghtleSSneSS.
If Mercury looks puny by COM
parison with such programs as
the moonbound Apollo, this is
only because times have changed
so drastically in the last few
years. In 1858, when Mercury was
being organized, literally nothing
was known about man in space,
and precious little about instru-
mentS.
Evening star., 1963-05-19

these capabilities are spreading.
What If there were-as President
Kennedy told us recently there
may be 10 years hence-a null
tiplicity Of nuclear powers, each
capable of setting off irreparable
consequences? I wish this was not
the prospect. Certainly efforts to
limit the spread of nuclear capa-
bilities deserve attention.
But how could a test ban agree
ment between the United States,
the United Kingdom, and the So
Wet Union stop atomic Develop
ment in China or France? Or in
any other country which is able
and willing to invest substantial
resources in the effort2 The an
swer is that 1t would not stop 1t.
Moreover, atomic research and
testing are not the only means by
which proliferation could occur.
Governor Rockefeller has shown
considerable realism about test
ban. But a few days ago he pub
licly-and I believe mistakenly
advocated the sale Of nuclear
weapons TO Western Europe under
certain political conditions. If this
advice were followed, obviously
atomic capabilities could spread
without any testing.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
SOVIET CHALLENGE

First, one false notion is that
the Soviet challenge Is over
rated and that the Soviet Union
is really a paper bear.
With this way of thinking, 1t
follows that our problems will
melt away II we deliver an ulti-
matum to Russia, demanding
peace on our terms. Demagogues
claim that the Communist threat
would dissolve II our Government
would but state its demands as
forcefully as the demagogues do
at their weekend rallies.
II will not. Communist power
Is a reality. They are continuing
TO build a vast military machine
- and TO use force where cir
cumstances seem favorable. We
face long-term threat that has
been mounting for many years.
and will not be suddenly reversed
In q few days.
Nor does discord between Mos
COW and Peking necessarily reduce
the threat. In fact, the danger is
that In their rivalry both Khru-
shchev and Mao are under greater
pressures TO show success in
achieving Communist goals. Each
is pushed TO demonstrate that he
is best qualified 10 preside over
the final burial OF the West.
Evening star., 1963-05-19
On Space Programs

Mr.. Carey thinks the same ap-
proach would work on military
and space programs.
The villain is modern COM
plexity.
"There has been great waste"
Senator Russell, Democrat of
Georgia, has told the Senate,
running into the millions of dol
lars, and perhaps billions Of dol
lars, in our weapons systems con-
tracts. I have told Secretary
(of Defense) Mcnamara that, if
he applied his genius to this
subject and still produce Id
the best weapons on earth, he will
be entitled to the acclaim of the
country"
The Budget Bureau should be
helping Mcnamara here, and it
is, but a curious thing has hap
pened. In 1947, when the annual
budget was $39 billion, the bu-
reau had 600 employees. Now it
has $50 for $l00 billion.
We've got so employees on the
defense budget" Mr.. Carey says,
"or not quite one for each billion.
We've been doing this thing
backwards"
Possibly no other Government
bureau is so well educated. Fifty
seven per cent of Budgets profess
sionals have more than one de-
gree; % are doctors of philosophy.
James E. Dodson, a retired
budgetary expert for the Labor
Department, says maybe the
Budget people have overdone it.
They're too theoretical" he
says. TOO many are from outside
the operating ranks"
The budget directors task is so
tough that Mr.. Dodson believes it
should be a career job. not a po-
litical appointment, but he is all
sympathy.