Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-12-01

and solidlfy its FelofIoaS with thot
region? Nh. Hiektower, the Asso-
eiated Press chief diplomatic core
spoadent in Washington, mode q
sH-vsek tour throueh South Amer
leo to w to find the onsvss TO this
ond rsIoted questions Here is his
report.
come the failures Of its first
two years and realize the high
hopes Of its launching, the new
administration In Washington
will have to find some way to
deal with these demands In the
neSr future.
South America Is caught up
in . revolutionary wave Of So
ciai, economic and political
change keyed to industrial ex-
pa1ision and land reform. This
is O crucial moment and, per-
ha6s, q moment Of great oppor-
tunity. Millions Of people are
looking for higher incomes and
better living conditions. They
want houses, schools, hospitals.
roads, telephones-and hope
for the future. Some are show
ing an interest In more stable
governments and honest Off
cials.
q. S. Policy Spearhead
The Alliance for Progress is
the spearhead of United States
policy for Latin America In
this restless age. 1t was de-
signed to encourage the revolu-
ton, to support reform leaders,
narrow the gap between rich
and poor and build q base for
political stability.
President johnson rededicat-
ed the United States commit
ment to the vast program in q
public statement to Latin
American leaders Tuesday.
Pledging AL the energies Of
my government to our common
goals" Mr.. johnson proposed
that the Alliance be . living
memorial to the late President
Kennedy.
So far the Alliance has
meant little to the people Of
South America. Foreign Minis
ter Miguel Angel Zavala Ortiz
of Argentina said, In one wide
ly typical remark, that 1t had
failed to capture the popular
imagination.
President Fernando Belaunde
Terry Of Peru said 1t was ham
pered by red tape. What the
Alliance needs. he said. Is to
build some great Landmark Of
history" He has advanced the
boldest proposition yet. o huge
highway system to open new
frontiers In empty land east Of
the Andes, In the South Ameri-
can interior.
Washington Blamed
South American leaders put
the burden Of Alliance short
comings on Washington. But
the program was set up as a
partnership. and they have as
much responsibility for its sue
cess as Washington. They all
say they like the purposes Of
the Alliance. The only question
is- whether they can make it
work.
The challenge to Latin
craftsmanship, however. Is Sc
we're. Some countries have ire
snonsible If not corrupt govern
ments. Some presidents are
caught between powerful ma
tionalist sentiments against the
United States and their need
for United States assistance.
Some nations are so poor their
leaders say they have little
money for development. They
want the United States to put
up q bigger share.
The late President John F.
Kennedy projected the Alliance
in.1961 as q 10-year. $40 billion
United States aid program,
coupled to $50 billion worth Of
seif-help and capital from 9TH
er-sources, including private in
vestors. In the first two years,
the United States has commit
ted loans and grants totaling
$23 billion and paid out an es-
tirnated $1.8 billion.
The biggest recipient has
been Brazil. Although 1t is
South Americas largest coun-
try, the government has proved
urico-operative with the United
States. Under the Alliance for
Progress, the United States is
not supposed to pay out more