davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-05-12

All last week, as the Birmingham
drama unfolded, we found our thoughts
reverting to the speech last Sunday by
Representative Adam Clayton Powell.
It was Objectionable on many counts.
First, Of course, as has been widely
noted, many of Mr.. Powell's hearers
and readers doubtless interpreted his
prediction" of impending mass vio-
lence In Washington as an invitation,
even an urging, to violence. More gen.
orally, his remarks about the local race
situation were unjustified on the basis
Of the record.
In ten years this city, historically
as Southern as any town in the South,
has made extraordinary, peaceful prog
ress toward racial equality. mtegration
has been achieved In our schools, parks
and Fairgrounds, municipal and Federal
employment, eating places and places
Of entertainment. Much has been ac-
complished in such vital areas as pri-
vate employment and housing. In the
past few days the Episcopal Bishop and
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Wash
ington both have called conStructively
for further action along these lines.
Their promptings will be needed. For
despite the real difficulties Of the sit
uation, Washingtonians have demon
strated an encouragingly mature ac-
ceptance Of the need for change.
The hopeful look Of the picture here
Is owing in large part to the intelligent
efforts Of local Negro leaders. They
have pushed, as they should, to secure
the full rights Of citizenship for all the
city's Negroes. In general, they have
done so with patient moderation. And
they have-particularly Of late-wisely
coupled the drive for rights with par
allel drive for acceptance of full civic
responsibility by all the city's Negroes.
1t may be, as was suggested Fri
day by Representative DiggS, the Negro
Democrat from Michigan, that leaders
Of our white communicative power
structure" as he called it-have been
Indifferent in correcting abuses. But
that charge cannot fairly be leveled at
the Negro leaders. They deserve some
thing better from Mr.. Powell than a
crude dismissal of their efforts.
It seems to us the New York Con-
gresham did the gravest and subtlest
diSservice Of all to the cause he thinks
to forward in his senselesS crack at
these distinguished representatives of
his race, calling them the "black bour-
geolsie"
In his view, the "black bourgeoisie"
are those Negroes who have made
place for themselves in the American
society and economy as skilled workers,
businessmen and professionals, and who,
intent on their families and on their
work, fail to give the single-minded
service to racial justice that the Con-
gresham evidently imagines he does
himself. His attack on this group is an
Evening star., 1963-05-12
FROM THE STAR FILES.

cut off the Confederate sup
ply line into Vicksburg. Grant
abandoned his own supply
wagons. ordering his men to
travel light and live off the
land Grant followed his own
orders, slogging along like
the lowliest rank private. A
correspondent wrote: "On
this whole march for five
days he has had neither a
horse, nor an orderly nor
servant, a blanket or over
coat, or clean shirt, or even
a sword; that being carried
by his boy l3 years old. His
entire baggage consists Of a
toothbrush -
Evening star., 1963-05-12

said: Gen. Grant has taken
Jackson - Capitol burn
ed. :" That the Confed-
eracy was aware Of the i'm
portance of Vicksburg was
evident In comment from
Dixie newspapers reprinted in
The Star of May 20. 1858.
The Augusta (GaD Chronicle
was quoted: I'VE have
trembled the past few days
at the thought Of disasters
that might befall us in the
Department Of the Mis-
sissippi. We have watched
the progress Of the enemy
with painful anxiety. and the
massing Of his forces for the
desperate and final attack
upon the strongholds that
defend the Mississippi VAL
ley. !" The jackson APP
peal said: "fhe enemy that
is now making such hercu-
lean efforts to wrest the river
from us are fully aware OF
the great advantage TO them
and the inestimable detri-
ment TO us that such a re-
suit would work out. Besides,
they also know what depress-
ing results would follow fall
ure on their part TO accom-
plish this cherished scheme,
and hence they are bending
all their energies TO its ac-
complishment. Better far
would II be to sacrifice Rich
mond, Charleston. Savannah
or Mobile, than to yield the
river, by which the Confed-
eracy VIII be rent IN twain,
the West hopelessly cut off
from the East, and a vast
section OF the best producing
portion Of the country sub
ject to the depredations and
spoliations Of the enemy. The
very thought Of such a re-
suit is excruciatlng. +" The
decisive battle leading TO the
siege OF Vicksburg was at
Champions Hill. where
Grants army routed q Con-
federate force commanded by
Gen. John Pemberton. In his
haste and determination TO
Evening star., 1963-05-12
100 Years AGO

Gen. Grant was beginning
to assume the stature of a
military genius at this time
a century ago. After months
of Illustration, he had moved
into position to begin the
siege of Vicksburg. An am
phibious operation, in which
Admiral David Porter played
a key role, was decided upon
by Grant. 1t necessitated
moving the Union fleet down
the Mississippi under the fire
of Vicksburg's formidable big
guns. This was done by piling
the sides of transports with
cotton bales and sacks Of
grain and hay. Ironclad yes
sells were bolstered with logs.
The gauntlet was run at
night. with the Confederates
putting the torch to great
barrels of tar, and even
houses, to better sight their
targets. Porter got his fleet
safely below Vicksburg to
help Grants army cross the
river. The Union troops Of
this outfit were mostly West
erners of the hard-bitten,
durable frontier type. They
served Grant well in a series
Of battles as they pushed
northeast between Vicksburg
and jackson. Miss. Grant oc-
cupied Jackson on May IA,
1868. The Star Of May 10,
1858. observed: "The capture
Of Jackson, Miss, is an i'm
portant step toward the re-
duction OF Vicksburg. and II
Grant can deal with the rebel
force there before the Con-
federates are able TO con-
centrate troops upon him or
effect a flank movement, the
solution OF the question Of
free navigation Of the Mis-
sissippi seems likely TO be
speedily solved. Independent
ly Of the political Importance
OF the place, as the Rebel
Capital, and OF It's military
Importance as the key 10
Vicksburg, the possession OF
jackson is an advantage OF
no little Importance. The
town contains a beautiful
State House, erected at a cost
OF half q million dollars, the
Executive Mansion, the State
Lunatic Asylum, the Peniten-
tiary, sundry churches, and
three or four newspaper
edifices. II is-or was before
the war - the center Of q
large and lucrative cotton
trade. :" A news dispatch
in this paper the same day
Evening star., 1963-05-12

whole nation goes another
ing, for untold millions one
Of the ancient Ten Com
mandments is changed from
a statute to a song. Honor
Thy Mother" becomes a
sermon in the pulpit, a theme
on the speaking air, q topic
for an editorial, a flower
Of appreciation in the lapel.
and a prayer in the heart.
But Mothers Day is no
hour to Groom nostalgia lul-
labies about safe yesterdays.
This is a day Of danger, Of
crisis, Of alarm, Of destiny.
AS we battle for survival Of
the free life we see now, and
are aghast at what we see,
that we face at home Gas well
as abroad, utterly alien
foes which war against our
religion, our culture, our
ideals, and our heritage.
Mothers Day is q search
ing time for our spendthrift,
gadget-fascinated generation,
soberly to appraise anew the
precious values so endan-
gered. This sacred day is an
af frvuation that a true
moCLer still holds the balance
Of power In human affairs
in partnership of course with
the true father. But after
all 1t is the mothers precepts
that are more binding than
the statutes Of statesl Her
word is more powerful than
the command Of rulers; her
ideals are more regal than
the tradition Of nations; her
example more determining
than the strutting command
Of dictators; her faith more
effective than the formal
creeds Of the churches.
Yet, how true 1t is that
as one Of our great writer's,
w. D. Howells, has said: "a
man rarely sees all that his
mother has been to him till
it's too late to let her know
that he sees It,"
One who took all that
wealth for granted has, for
this latest Mothers Day,
dipped her pen in the might
have-beens as she sadly
writes:
l wish had given Q fond word
Of praise
When she toiled for my comfort
on long, busy days.
wish had told her, when steps
BICW ulOTC blON
And I knew that they had not
much farther to 60
30 long ! was silent, and now
we're apart.
I wish had told her the thoughts
In my heart
Thank God that not with
such a lament, but with joy
full remembrance Of the for
get-me-nots cher favorite
flower Of love, I put into
her hands long, long before
the undertaken was sum-
moned, I could write these
lines about my own wonder
full mother on her first
Mothers Day away:
Never Q garden half so fair,
Mother, as yOu-just standing
Never q flower Of beauteous hue.
Mother, as full Of grace as you.
Never q sky of bending blue,
Mother. but mirrors your heart 50
Never q day but We stroll again.
Mother of mine, down Memory's
Never a world so vast. this or
another,
Sunders your soul from mine.
Mother, my Motherl
Evening star., 1963-05-12

The protests over the show
ing OF certain films In the
public libraries OF Fairfax
County are q cause for sert-
Gus concern. Citizens Of the
county will recognize the
right Of anyone 10 criticize
public programs, but they
will want 10 speak UP for a
vigorous public library sys-
TEN dedicated 10 the search
for knowledge and respect
for freedom Of thought and
expression.
For It's part. the Executive
Committee OF the Fairfax
County Federation OF Citi-
zens Associations supports the
stand Of the director OF Coun-
~ Libraries In upholding the
right OF the public 10 Judge
for itself the value OF books,
films and records made avail
Evening star., 1963-05-12
Laws of the Land

1t seems fairly obvious
that under our constitutional
Government it Is not the
function Of any court, no
matter how high, to enact
laws Of the land" which
drastically affect the lives
and fortunes Of millions of
our citizens.
Under our concept Of Gov
ernment Of, by and for the
people, our Constitution pro-
vides for a legislature, COM
posed Of representatives Of
the people voted into office
for short terms, to enact
whatever laws are necessary
for our Government and the
regulations of our affairs.
1t is usurpation Of the
powers Of Congress by the
Supreme Court, particularly
in its racial integration
edicts, and more recently in
its reapportionment edicts,
which has aroused dismay
and resentment among many
citizens, especially in those
regions where these edictS
are likely to have a deleteri-
Gus effect.
What started out as an
organized movement to in
sure equal rights" for Ne
groeS, has now developed into
q frenzied drive to secure for
Negroes preferential treat
ment at the expense Of white
citizens. This proves once
more that there Is no such
thing as absolute equality for
anyone. With every conces-
sion made under duress, a
more extreme demand Is
bound to follow.
The traditional role Of our
courts has been to interpret
the laws which the legiSla-
ture has enacted. I say let
us return to this concept be-
fore the constitutional struc-
ture of our Government is
completely destroyed.
Harvey HI. Hewitt.
Evening star., 1963-05-12
Ak in Classroom

On April %, the Allied
Civic Group, comprising over
so civic associations in the
Silver Spring Wheaton area,
adopted by q 2-to-1 margin a
resolution expressing its
deep concern" over the ac-
ton Of the Montgomery
County Council in eliminat-
ing 200 classroom teachers
from next years school
budget.
The ACG's concern stem
med from its conclusion that
"a cut Of such magnitude
cannot be made without a re-
duction Of educational stand
ards in our county schools"
This cut, plus a predic-
table 6,000-increase in en-
rollment next fall, inevitably
means more students per
classroom. The county coun-
Gil said the reduction would
only raise the pupil teacher
ratio from about % to rs. But
one cannot help wonder
whether the council had
available to 1t the follow
ing facts about the present
size of classes in basic sub
jects:
This year in the junior and
senior high schools Of the
county there are some TOO
classes in English, 500 classes
in mathematics, and 400
classes in science with more
than 80 students per class.
Yet, the council made its
largest cut among secondary
teachers even though the
greatest enrolment gains will
be in junior and senior highs.
According TO the press.
school board member Everett
Woodward said the only ones
complaining we're "the 'holier
than thou press and pressure
groups"
Not so. Over the years, no
group in Montgomery County
has offered more construc-
tive suggestions for holding
down school costs than the
Allied Civic Group. It has
consistently fought for realis-
tic action on administrative
costs that might have saved
hundreds OF thousands Of dol
lars without sacrificing edu-
cational quality. The board
and the county council have
largely ignored these recon-
mendations. Then the coun-
Gil. with no objection from
the board, swung It's ak where
II hurts the most - In the
classroom.
This was too much-even
for the ACGl
Clarke L. Fauver.
Evening star., 1963-05-12
Mr.. MeIchior's Gift

Lauritz Melchior has chosen the
perfect way for repaying his debt to
America, as he puts It. Like many
another music lover, the great Danish
tenor fears there is a decline In the
quality OF the most noble OF instru-
nlents, the human voice. Unlike others,
Mr.. Melchior proposes TO do something
about IL.
Mr.. Melchior, who at 73 still out
Evening star., 1963-05-12
Not Her Dish

Your editorial Mrs. Muir
phys Chowder." was a poor
try and I am amazed at the
sly attacks on both the Irish
race and on the dignity.
goodness and splendid patri-
otism Of the Kennedy family.
Our country is indeed for
tunate TO have them and all
the rest Of the fine Irish who
inhabit this grand land Of
ours.
Marie McClosky McIlvane.
Evening star., 1963-05-12

able through the county L.
brary system.
We have full confidence in
the ability of the current IL
brary board and staff to ad-
minister the county library
system In conformity with
generally accepted standards
of good taste, morality and
civic responsibility, and in
such a way as to facilitate
the free flow Of ideas.
Yves MarOni.
President, Fairfax County
Federation Of Citize n S
Associations.
Evening star., 1963-05-12
Admires Our View

I read your editorial of
May 2, Disarmament: The
Grand Delusion" with admi-
wishing, as I did so,
that everyone could have ac-
cess to that clear and con-
vincing exposition Of the rea-
sons that make continued
development of nuclear mill
tary superiority a national
imperative for us.
Lewis L. Strauss.
Editors Note: Mr.. Strauss
formerly headed the Atomic
Energy CommiSsion.)
Evening star., 1963-05-12
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
Going A-Motherinq
BY DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain Of the United States Senate

III CNcIy CcIiJuTy JTIUuU6
has been paid to the beauty
and melody of mother love.
With all the special days de-
voted to people and causes
which have come to be OBJ
served in these latter days, it
may be assumed by moderns
that a specific date for the
remembrance Of all the fra
grant things wrapped up in
the word Mother might be
a brand-new idea, at least
stamped with made in the
goth century"
But, such is not the case.
Back in Merrie England In
the spacious days Of Queen
Elizabeth. folks Of all ranks
and classes exchanged violets
and simnel cakes in honor Of
their mothers. In those long
vanished yesterdays all sons
and daughters, who had wan
dered away from the home
nest, were granted a holiday
that they might return to the
old roof-tree and pay af-
fectionate homage to the
mothers who had given them
life and love. If mother had
passed through the portal
that men call death" the
children reverently, and with
wistful gratitude, visited the
grassy grave beside the old
stone church and placed their
violets on the sacred bit Of
ground. It was that old, old
custom that Fay Inchfawn
caught in her lovely, poetic
cadences--
Long ago when earth was thrilling
with the rapture Of the spring,
And the lovely hope and promise
every heart was uuickening-
Men and maids in Merrie England
used To go A-Motheringl
And so, the second Sunday
in May in the U. S. A., as
spring trips north, even as in
this sixth decade Of the goth
century the winds Of change
are sweeping savagely across
the whole world, Americans
go A-Mothering! Mothers
Day is a national salute that
for all things fair and good
the home is the hope-and
that the reigning queen of the
home is Mother. Mothers
Day is the affirmation of the
fundamental belief that the
heart of the nation beats In
the home. When that heart
fails the American dream is
done. For out of q nations
homes are the issues of its
life. On the walls in the
homes Of former generations
were often found, laboriously
wrought notices, God Bless
Our Home" Unless that
prayer is offered and an
swered in a renaissance Of
disciplined idealism this Re-
public, as we have known it,
is doomed. A Harvard ex-
pert on social trends declares,
"At the present rate Of de-
moralization, If left alone.
the family system will break
up before the end Of the CEN
tury."
Our threatened civilization
cannot be saved by poll
ticians however sincere, but
by mothers and fathers. We
may pour out our billions for
defense, but what a country
will amount to in the end de-
pends upon what happens to
its homes. The home is the
nursery Of the good life and
in that nursery none other
can take the place Of a de-
voted mother. Every good
thing can be started at the
nations cradles. Every bad
thing can be stopped at the
nations cradles. And what
is started, and what is
stopped at these fountains Of
the peoples hope, depends
largely on the quality and the
qualifications of the nations
mothers.
And so TODAY, when q
Evening star., 1963-05-12
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry prtterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used tDtH be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1963-05-12
PoweKs Grafton

i am one negro american
who Is quite fed up with the
type Of irresponsible and
inflammatory demagoguery
which constantly flows from
the mouths of hypocritical
Negro leaders such as Adam
Clayton Powell. In his most
recent demonstration Of ver-
biage calculated to inflame
rather than to inform, Mr..
Powell, at the Shiloh Baptist
Church, was in rare form.
His entire speech was orr
ented to the emotions Of the
audience rather than to their
collective intellect, and his
choice of chauvinistic incan-
tations was obviously politi-
cally based.
Mr.. Powell knows that the
Negro "bourgeoisie" which he
assails understands him for
what he really is; a capable
yet completely consciencelesS
politician whose only defense
against every legitimate crit
icism made Of him is, in the
case Of a white person, "he's
prejudiced" or, In the case Of
a Negro, hes an Uncle Tom"
Mr.. Powell at times speaks
exactly like q Black Muslin
and his statements Of late
have definitely acquired a ia
natic flavor. I. for one. have
always believed that Negroes
should fight for first-class
citizenship and integration
because we wanted to be re-
garded as all other Americans
regardless Of color. I am sure
that most intelligent Negroes
want to be Americans first
and Negroes second and not
vice versa. In contrast to
Powell's logic-defying rheto-
ric responsible Negro leaders
have consistently proclaimed
these goals.
When a man in a respon-
sible position such as he oc-
cupies makes irresponsible
and unconscionable state
ments concerning race rela-
tions in this country, he is
helping to promote the same
racial intolerance and poten-
tial violence that he decries.
r. B. Lane.
Congressman Powell's re-
marks on Sunday savored of
some Of the same sort Of
demagoguery that marks the
utterances Of the Governors
OF Mississippi and Alabama.
His incendiary threat Of a
possible riot Of races was in
kind with the Incorporate
editorial Of a local news
paper decades ago that
spanked the race riot in that
day. Nor does Powell add to
peaceful existence when he
charges q color division in
Negro ranks. He. who boasts
Of possessing so little Negro
blood, should be among the
last ones to charge q color
bias among Negroes. Even
though 1t was true many
years ago for Negroes, who
by complexion bore resem-
blance only to their illegita-
mate fathers, to clannishly
group themselves. there Is
little of this self-segregation
today. In truth no matter
how near white a Negro may
be, II so identified, he is in
the same boat with identifi-
able Negroes.
As much as we might agree
with the main thesis OF
Powell's talk, we believe he
does the Negro group and the
friendly white citizens a great
disservice in the above re-
poets.
Negro American Citizen.
Evening star., 1963-05-12

Manager John McGraw,
Christy Mathewson and other
members Of the New York
Giants we're goggle-eyed so
years ago over a feat they
bet couldn't be accomplished.
The Star OF May II. 1918,
said they had wagered that
a golfer could not tee off at
home plate In the Polo
Grounds and knock q ball
over the centerfield fence
some 200 yards away. and
about so feet high. Oswald
Kirkby. former New Jersey
amateur champion, did II
with ease, sending his first
shot whistling 100 feet over
the fence In dead center.
Evening star., 1963-05-12
so Years Ago

Not knowing that World
War I was little more than
a year away, a gigantic
peace rally was staged here
so years ago. primarily to
plan a centennial celebration
for the Treaty Of Client. The
Star Of May IL. 1918, re-
ported AZ representatives Of
all the English speaking
countries had assembled in
the Capital. THE dove Of
peace hovered over them
as they spoke and planned
for the brotherhood Of man
and looked forward to
the perpetuation Of peace"
Secretary Of State William
Jennings Bryan envisioned a
new kind of ''battleship" at
q dinner Of the delegates:
Its compass Is the heart.
Its shells carry good will;
It's missiles are projected by
the smokeless powder Of love:
It's captain is the Prince Of
Peace. / toast the Battleship
Friendship. No target Will
Withstand the projectiles
which friendship sends
abroad, :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-28
JUST LOOK WHAT you CAN DO
WITH THESE SENSATIONAL PtANIsI

Just imagined You can actually surround
your entire house and garden with an
ENCHANTED garden Of fragrant and de-
llehtful lush red roses all summer long.
Or plant a pair on either side Of your
doorway and you will be able TO snip of
bouquet upon bouquet each and every
day. And for a really fantastic effect,
you can circle your patio with literally
thousands and thousands Of these dell.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-28
PAINT A PICTURE
Garden of AnnuoIs
Can Be Artistic

find that a riot of colors will
do better job-the choice is
with the gardener.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-04-28
SuwfIies Begin
Attack on Pines

Pine-feeding sawflies are
emerging. AS caterpillars they
devour needles. Being gregari-
Gus, they banquet together
stripping one branch then mi
grating to another. Sometimes
they defoliate entire trees.
OF the many species Of pine
sawflies, four are perhaps more
commonly known:
The European pine sawfly
which attacks red and mugho
pine; the lyrical named pratt
pratt and taeda taeda which
occur on two and three needle
pines in the Atlantic States
and the red-headed pine sawfly
which has a wide range and
feeds on a variety of hard pines
and occasionally other conifers.
The red-headed pine sawfly ex-
tends its feeding season from
may until autumn. The others
feed into June.
The sawfly derives its name
from the saw-like ovipositor of
the female. The tip end has
fine saw-like teeth that are used
to make Sits in a needle, leaf
or stem preparatory to insert
ing the egg.
Pine sawflies can be very
damaging. Where they occur
control can be easily attained
by spraying with a good stom-
ach insecticide or contact in
secticide as soon as the young
begin to feed.