davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
Two Languages Best ..

spent in a warm tent repeating phrases until the adults nodded ap- proval and I could go to my own tent with feeling of accomplish ment at having learned a few new words.
 It became way of life that was filled with many things and many moments that I will long remem- Der. Perhaps the most important thing I learned was to laugh at my self! It is difficult not to laugh when everyone else is laughing at an error you have just made-you stand very much alone until you join in the laughter and then you find yourself one of the group.
 SizabIe Mistake
 There were many times of laugh ter; I recall my puzzlement one day when I was asked if there were any fish in the cooktent for lunch. I replied that there Were-three large ones. The suffix for large" in some cases is-iuak but appar- ently it did not apply to fish for when I used the word ilkaIujuak the tent I was in emptied and I re- joined laughing group at the cooktent. Ilkalujuak meant shark, not "big fish, and everyone had gone to see how I had gotten three sharks into the tent! There were many such incidents provided by my errors!
 Broke Barriers
 I do not speak Eskimo well nor is it likely that l ever will. But I found that ten words can take you past barriers that years of un- ending effort cannot; I learned that there is much human warmth to be shared in listening to story-tellers if you can understand enough to catch the drift of the story and l was able to catch a glimpse of a philosophy and a way of life l might never had known had I not learned my basic Eskimo.
 It was an experience not only of satisfying teaching but of effective learning. It was an experience in communication that might never have been. I would not sacrifice it for any other experience I might have had before or since then.
 There is too much to be lost in being monolingual.
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
(Continued from Page 9

l1S" III anu ol dloIS CdllCu Northern Service Officers, there had come a new change in policy.
 Their instructions were the oppo- site to mine; they were to learn Eskimo (since they were all going to the Arctic) and dispense with the interpreters as soon as they could after reaching their field sta- tions.
 Their orientation program cov- cred six month period during which two hours day for three months were spent learning Eskimo. The instructors were three Eskimos of varying dialects and an Eskimo speaking linguist.
 l quickly obtained permission to sit in on the course as I was plan- ming to return to Ungava Bay for the summer of 1860.
 Experiment
 The rest of the winter I spent trying to get authority to teach in two languages the following sum- mer and to evaluate the program as an experiment" There was much opposition to the idea but as I took off for the airport with my sleeping bag under my arm, re- ceived a hesitating "okay.' I was delighted, of course.
 Learning Center
 The summer of 1860 was differ ent in many ways since, instead of doing itinerant teaching going from camp to camp, we gathered the children at middle point. set up tents for cooking and sleeping and used a log cabin (which the men builD for the school.
 Parents were not more than 30 miles away and came often by boat 10 visit. The people were delighted that I had learned some Eskimo over the winter and spent many evenings helping me learn more.
 The children were rather startled 10 be using both languages in school. but soon became excited about the idea. We used only vo- cabulary from the environment, for example, boat. fish, net, water, etc. The children said the words and sentences in Eskimo, then in English and then wrote them in both English and Eskimo.
 The Canadian Eskimo use form of syllabics for writing and we taught the younger children to use this system as we'll as the regular alphabet. The use of syllabics meant that they could have their parents read their lessons and stories too. Parents have no way of sharing the child's school exper- fences when only English is used.
 Bilingual Communication
 Contrary to all the arguments, the use of two languages did not lower the desire of the children to communicate in English. Many times when I wanted something in hurry and would ask for it in Eskimo. student would "eee" his agreement and then ask ''how in English"
 Outside school hours we were often surprised to hear the chil- dren in their tents talking to each other in English.
 Certainly the motivation and in- terest in learning English had not been dampened! And too, much more was learned in a shorter per- iod of time. The Ungava children covered and recalled more material in three months than the Lac La Martre children ever experienced as they struggled through their one- way learning day.
 Way of Life
 Perhaps the greatest benefits came from the realization that ii was truly possible to communicate with the adults and that attitudes and sensitivities changed as result
 There was far more mutual re.
Tundra times., 1963-03-04
Sincerely yours, The Barrow City Council

Sincerely yours,
 The Barrow City Council Signed
 Forest Solomon. Chairman Thomas P Brewer
 Arnold Brewer
 Alfred Hopson Wyman Panigeo co: Senator Hopson R. Bennett, Area Dir. BIA Fairbanks News-Miner Anchorage Times Jessen's Weekly Nome Nugget ' Tundra Times ELM. Anchorage g. Udall Sec'y Int.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
On Locating Chonceries

Only one issue Is involved in the
commendable bill reported by the Sen
ate District Committee to exclude for
eign chanceries from residential areas
in Washington.
The intent is certainly not, as the
State Departments Pedro Sanjuan
charged so Unexpectedly the other day,
to discriminate" against new African
nations-or any other. The sole purpose
is to prevent the encroachment by office
buildings Of any foreign government into
neighborhoods which are zoned exclu-
sively for residential use-just as private
office buildings owned and built by
American citizens already are excluded
from these areas.
The inability of the District govern
ment to deal Enthusiastically with the
problem has become increasingly evident
over the years. The Senate and House
should approve the corrective legisla-
ton as reported without delay.
Commenting on the bill, Senator
Bible remarked that 1t is completely
unrelated" to the pending request for
a District Board of Zoning Adjustment
ruling which would permit the con-
struction Of chancery for the Soviet
Embassy on residential site off Oregon
avenue. And the Senator is right, Of
course, in the sense that the legislation
is intended to deal with the chancery
problem as whole, and not specifically
to obstruct the Russian bid.
But the two subjects most certainly
are related Indeed, the issues are iden-
tical, and the Senate committee action
should give the BZA added cause to
reject the Soviet request Immediately
or, at the very least, to defer a decision
until Congress has an opportunity to
complete action on the bill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Change in Peru

Fernando Belaunde Terry, Peru's
preSident-elect, Is reasSuring man.
Although some of his countrymen regard
him as too ambiguous, and perhaps too
far to the left, he has put himself on
record as being Communist and
against having diplomatic relations with
Fidel Castro, the Kremlin'S man in
Havana.
More than that, he apparently has
the full backing Of the military junta
that has ruled in Lima since last July'S
coup against an indecisively elected
regime whose political coloration seemed
to the generals to be dangerously and
unacceptably Red. But now the situa-
ton appears to be quite different, with
the junta's members reported to be sat
isfied with the election returns, and
hence ready to let Peru get back to
civilian self-rule.
Mr.. Belaunde, educated in the
United States as an architect, has made
clear that he has respect for the junta
and the role the military can continue
to play in promoting the betterment Of
Peru, economically, politically and 9TH
erwiSe. AS for himself and his prospec-
tive six-year presidential term, he has
strongly indicated that he intends to
form dynamic" coalition that will
deal at arms length with Communists
everywhere and seek the closest cooper
alton with all the nations Of the free
world. Clearly, If words mean anything,
he wants no truck with Peru's Reds, even
though they have voted for him over his
protests.
All in all, If put to work effectively,
Mr.. Belaunde's proclaimed policies-na-
tionaliStic in some respects, socialistic
in others, but on the whole moderate
should do much to promote the reforms
desperately needed in his country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
The Web of ObsoIescence

.r Defense Secretary Mcnamara might
almost be tempted, right now, to feel
that there is lot of sense In the old
saying about great minds running or
thinking in the same channel.
' Anyhow, Nikita Khrushchev, in his
long Moscow talk with Harold Wilson of
the British Labor Party, has taken a
line not unlike Mr.. McNamara's or
President Kennedy's for that matter.
The Soviet Premier has declared that
manned strategic bombers have been
rendered so obsolete by missile de-
velopment that the Soviet Union has
stopped manufacturing them.
~, Mr.. Mcnamara with the Presi-
dents backing - has essentially the
same idea in mind. That is why he
has long since virtually vetoed the idea
OF continuing, in any serious way, with
the development of the 2,000-mile-an-
hour RS-70 bomber In his judgment
again with the Presidents backing
such plane, costing millions to bring
into being, would be an out-of-date
weapon even before 1t could become
operable.
In taking this position, the Secretary
OF Defense has been bitterly criticized
by many air experts. But now, wholly
apart from Mr.. Khrushchev, he has
received the somewhat surprising sup
port OF House Appropriations Subcom-
mittee, which has refused TO approve
the ALLEGATION Of any new funds for the
RS-7O-a decision that constitutes big
victory for Mr.. Mcnamara and may well
prove to be the projects coup de grace.
o., Interestingly enough, however,
neither Mr.. McNamara's mind nor the
Presidents seems to be in tune with Mr..
Khrushchev's as far as surface war YES
sells are concerned. The Premier claims
that the Soviet Union has ended the
production OF such vessels because OF
their vulnerability to missile attack.
BY way OF contrast, we continue TO
try to sell NATo on the idea OF a multi
national fleet Of surface ships capable
OF launching the Polaris. In that re-
spect, even Mr.. Mcnamara apparently
does not feel that obsolescence is near
or already upon us. But some Of our
Atlantic allies-including the British
seem increasingly inclined to think that
the undertaking is already out OF date
because Of what missiles can do.
In our age Of unprecedentedly rapid
and revolutionary change, things tend
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Civil War Days

Your paper has published
a lot about the Civil War. I
remember very clearly when
that war ended. We lived
at Winfield in Putnam
County. West Virginia.
The United States Soldiers
took every thing they could
find-all the horses, cattle,
sheep, hogs. All we had left
was potatoes and apples
stored under ground.
We had flints to make fires,
candles for light, looms to
weave cloth, some wool stored
in the barn. There was plenty
Of wild game TO trap, we had
no guns or ammunition.
There also were plenty Of
fish in the Kanawha River.
We got turkey and chicken
eggs and Matched them with
hot rocks from wood fires.
1t was tough living. I have
lived those days over a thou
sand times.
EllicOtt E. budding.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Profit Machine

Thank you for the diagram
illustrating the corporate web
enmeshing the hapless d. C..
transit rider, In the third
article of Dan Gottlieb's Sc
ries. Transit Showdown. |"
1t looks like a RUDE Goldberg
contraption, but as the ac-
companying and subsequent
articles make clear, it works.
In fact, 1t is a perpetual profit
machine. Perhaps it should be
labelled Chalk's automatic
RUDE milking machine, for
some Of the subsidiary cor
porations clustered aroun d
d. c. Transit remind me of
nothing so much as an array
Of foaming milk pals sur
rounding a COW.
Much Of the damning in
formation in this series has
been published piecemeal by
The Star over the years. How
is 1t that officials overseeing
the public interest allow such
a situation to develop and
persist?
Charles T. Stewart, jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Quite q Guy

Paul Lincoln White has been one
Of natures not too many noblemen In
this town. AS the State Departments
official spokesman for more years than
some of us like TO remember-years
Of recurrent crisis, years of one snafu
after another, years of terrible COM
plexity-he has stood up before US, with
imperturbability and grace, to give us
the bad or good news about this and
that from all points Of the globe.
Now Line is going TO quit all this.
He is going to become Consul General
in Melbourne, Australia, which is a
far piece from here and quite a switch
from what he has been doing for the
past quarter century or so. But he
likes the prospect, and so does his
wife, Helen. who has had to put I'D
with lot Of newsmen telephoning
her husband at the most unreasonable
hours Of the night. Being the gentle
man he is, however, and also an ex-
reporter Of the news, he never resented
the calls, and was even cheerful In
receiving them.
Secretary Of State Rusk has summed
up the whole business very well. Noting
that Line has served under himself
and seven predecessors, he has de-
clared that the new Consul General
to Melbourne endured the sings and
arrows Of newsmen with limitless good
humor, urbanity and great service TO
his country" True. Line, TO put IL
simply has been quite a guy, and lots
OF us will miss him very much.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14

Congressman Edwin E.
Willis OF st. Martinville, La.
has become Chairman of the
House Un-American Activities
Committee through the pass
ing Of the truly great Fran
els E. Walter Democrat OF
Pennsylvania, co-author OF
the McCarran-Walter Immi-
grafton Act. who never ig-
nored or forgot the supreme
threat America faces today.
Mr.. Walter could have be-
come a hero TO the enemies
Of freedom who enjoy great
sources Of publicity II he had
downgraded or failed his
committee. Instead, without
fanfare, he led the commit
tee boldly and well.
Congressman Willis, who
presided ably as chairman OF
the subcommittee during the
difficult Operation Aboli-
ton" violence az San Fran
cisco, will pass through the
same ordeal by fire 10 which
his predecessors. from Martin
Dies on down, were subjected.
His will become the way Of
all who love freedom and are
willing 10 do much about II.
Patriots should familiarize
themselves with his record
and support him In carrying
out his continuing battle.
II. L. Hunt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Hot Air From Gotham

During the past few days the
mighty New York Times has favored
us with good deal of attention. For
one thing, they published a long and
boring series Of articles on the horrors
of Washington, rehaShing the same
tired old crime statistics and racial
incidents, and grieving over this city
as zone Of the last surviving enclaves
of American colonialiSm."
For another, they announced edi-
torially that such highways as the
Potomac River expressway, the inner
loop and the Three Sisters Bridge
are all wrong for Washington. This
editorial verdict, moreover, has been
placed in the Congressional Record by
Senate Majority Leader Mansfield. We
quote:
II there is anything the Capital does not
need, esthetically speaking, 1t is additional
swaths Of concrete sweeping across its face
and attracting more automobiles into town
-. In Washington the highway lobbyists
were out in full force with the support Of the
local press. Fortunately. they have lost at
least temporarily.
So far as The Star is concerned,
our position on this business has moth
ing to do with the highway lobby"
whatever that may be. The highway
lobby" has never discussed the matter
with us. We do not suggest that Senator
Mansfield Is influenced by the fact that
he happens to live In a neighborhood
which one day might be invaded by
an extension of one of the disputed
roads. We rather resent his approving
quotation Of an implication that we
are subject to sinister influences.
We favor the construction Of eff
Gent and extensive rapid transit as
quickly as 1t can be built, partially to
accommodate increasing numbers Of
commuters and visitors, and even more
SO to avert the disastrous effects which
surely would result If our transporta-
ton problem were to fall on highways
alone. But to suggest that an extensive
system OF major freeways is not also
needed, in part to assure that the
existing streets of the Nations Capital
are not strangled in automobile traffic,
Is nonsense.
= One need look no further than a
map Of New York City lat which you
could hardly throw dart without hit
ting a modern freeway or parkway to
realize the Importance of adequate high
ways. The concrete "swaths" Of the six
and eight-lane Cross-Bronx expressway,
the Long Island expressway, the West
and East Side highways. the twelve (12)
lanes Of Interstate Route 95 across Man
haitian Island from the George WASH
tngton Bridge were not built because
they pleased the eye, but because con-
'ditions there without them would be
even more intolerable than they al
ready are.
n If the Times means to imply that
Washington has more Of beauty and
warmth and value to protect than New
York, then we agree. But this protec-
tion must come from balance of tran
sit and workable, er-connected free
ways combined.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Last Lonely Shore

Many people will have read
with interest and encourage
ment your editorial, Last
Lonely Shore" and the excel
lent article by William Duke,
both relating to the desira-
bility of preserving ASA
league Island as a wild,
natural seashore for public
use and enjoyment for all
time. We in the National
Park Service certainly APP
preciate the sentiments The
Star has so ably expressed
on this matter.
Hillory A. TOls0n.
Acting Director, National
Park Service.
IS So
You guys are in for some
congratulations for your fine
editorial of June 6 advocating
preservation Of Assateague.
Life becomes a bit easier for
conservationists when the
builders bulldozer isn't calmly
accepted as Inevitable prog
reSs." Richard Tanner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14
Medical Economics

Understandably, John Co
lao, director or organization,
National Council Of Senior
Citizens, Inc, has written a
bitter letter denouncing
American Medical Associa-
ton strategy in spending
millions to defeat the adj
ministration's King-Ander-
son Hospital Insurance Act
of 1868. Mr.. Colao believes
delaying medicare for our
aged until 1864, when both
parties will pledge TO guar
antee IL again in 1865 will be
a death blow TO the political
momentum toward the pre-
paid, social insurance goal
they so desperately need.
Delaying passage until 1864
will be stretching the race
TO an unreachable goal be-
You'd the attention span and
desperate urgency OF our old
folks.
AS an almost senior citi-
zen whose hobby is medical
economies and whose prin-
cipal business is the practice
OF Reriatrics, both as admin
istrator and family doctor, !
would ask Mr.. Colao 10 re-
member the Townsend plan.
Look how the politicians.
medical and otherwise. used
II as a stick and a carrot TO
swindle trusting old folks.
They encouraged the belief
that mere spending. irrespec-
tive Of honest quid pro quo,
would mean the millennium
for the naive. the trusting
and the wishful thinking.
The exploiters Of the Town
send plan made promises,
which they knew with GER
tainty. never could become
law. No conscientious law
maker would dare pass legis-
lation guaranteed both TO
bankrupt and cruelty cheat
every taxpayer. This is the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14

present strategy Of the cyni-
cal.
Why has medicare in 1862
become hospital insurance
for the aged in 1852 Why
was the Forand-type Of med
icare for our aged supplanted
by hospital and nursing
home care, only?
I am on record as support
ing the Forand approach to
medicare for the aged. 1t
had all the irnperfections
and bugs inseparable from
any pilot legislation under
the general welfare clause.
But with liability limited to
the aged and with all ele-
ments Of the socio-economic
problem included - doctors,
nurses, hospitals and nursing
home needs - mathemati-
clans and bargaining agen-
cies Of the healing arts,
could have worked out a SOL
vent equation. Once men Of
good will had worked out the
discipline and national stand
ards. inSeparable from SOL
vent social sufficiency, we
could extend the political hui
manities engineering to
childbearing and catastro-
phic illness Of all age groups.
The old folks are not the
only ones who need prepay
able, low-cost, noncancel-
liable self help medicare in
surance.
But like the Townsend
plan, the King-Anderson
plan promises the imprac-
tical. the impossible and the
bankrupting.
ThOs. e. Mattingly, MD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-06-14

reader is Gordon's tendency
to dump the contents of his
mind into the journal almost
at random. An inventory of
stores is interrupted by obser-
vations on the behavior of a
turkey cock. Deeply pious and
thoroughly unorthodox relig-
ious views are mixed with
family scurrilous, mock con-
vesations among statesmen
and parliamentarians.
Gordon begins the entry for
October %. 1884, by specu-
lating or the fate Of q steam
er he sent downriver some
time earlier. Then suddenly
he contrives a report on an
imaginary debate In the
House Of Lords:
House Of Lords-in an
swer to questions put by the
-of-replied that the noble
marquis seemed TO take a
special delight in asking
questions Of which he knew
he (-)could not answer. He
could say he had given a
deal Of time and attention
to the affairs Of the Sudan,
but he frankly acknowledged
that names Of places and
people were so mixed up,
that 1t was impossible to get
a true view Of the case Ca
laugh. The noble marquis
asked what the policy OF Her
Majesty's government was?
It was as II he asked the
policy Of a log floating down
stream; 1t was going to the
sea. as any one who had an
ounce of brains could see.
Well. that was the policy OF
II, only It was q decided
policy, and a Straightforward
one to drift along and take
advantage OF every circum-
stance. His Lordship depre-
Gated the freqent questioning
on subjects which, as his
Lordship had said, he knew
nothing about, and further
did not care 10 know any
thing about"
After this excursion, Cor
don goes on with the log of
the days events,
He does not think war Is
great fun. There are magnif-
icent passages on It's
stupidity. He thinks very lit
Tie OF the sort OF politics de-
signed TO cover realities with
pretty camouflage and petty
obfuecation. He delights in
reducing schemes 10 their
essence and inventing even
more cynical alternatives.
Like every editor Of a docu-
ment Of this sort Lord Elton
has had 10 find q middle way
between leaving the reader
10 ferret out the significance
Of the text as best he can
and overpowering the text
with wave after wave Of foot
notes and q massive in
Production. II anything. he
has erred on the side Of
sparseness, but he has made
certain that the reader will
have no trouble with the
main outline OF events.