davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-09-13

justine AND IhE SUs
PREME COURT. BY Rocco
j. TreSolini. 205 PIP. q. B.
Lippincott Co.; $500
Supreme Court Justices are
human beings, after all, and
they bring to the bench not
only a fair amount of dis
passionate expertise but
principles and prejudices
formed by experience and
character.
Obvious as this may be, 1t
is frequently ignored in col
lege and high school courses
in American government and
even in constitutional law.
The student comes away
with some knowledge Of
what sort of man James
Buchanan was, but he knows
little about. say, Roger
fancy, beyond the fact that
as Chief Justice he was the
author of the infamous bred
Scott decision.
In Justice and the Su-
preme Court" Rocco ]. Tres
olini, professor and chair
man Of the Department Of
Government at Lehigh Uni
versity, discusses q number
of key civil liberties cases in
the light Of the biographies
of the men who wrote the
decisions.
Primarily Textbook
Though the book is dis
tributed through normal
trade channels, 1t is in
tended primarily as a text
or supplementary volume for
high school students. Prof.
Tresolini is interested in
strengthening "the teaching
Of civil liberties in the Sec
ondary schools"
zone Of the major current
obstacles TO effective teach
ing of individual freedoms at
this level" he continues. "is
the insufficiency Of good
teaching materials. 1t is
hoped that the approach Of
this INSTRUMENTATION on
the lives and activities Of
several justices of varied
backgrounds and on the de-
tailed study Of a major opin-
ion Of each Of them - will
help meet that need by
teaching students both some
thing about the justices
themselves and about the
difficult problems that must
be resolved In the decision
making process"
Prof. Tresolini's style is not
likely to captivate either the
student or the interested
adult laynan. There are
times when one feels that he
had before him a manual on
how to write simple declara-
tive sentences that even q
high school student could
understand.
What price Simplicity
Surely not boredom; that is
too much to pay. And, OF
course, the approach is self
defeating. In any event, q
student who must be writ
ten at In this fashion Is not
likely to be able TO make
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
David Lawrence
Congress vs.. Peoples Wishes

American people have never
been given a chance to vote
on this issue in a special cleo
ton for members Of Congress.
Nor is there today a system
that establishes party respon-
sibility even when a regular cleo
ton has been held every two
years.
The division in the Democrat
ic Party between "conserva-
tiveS' and liberals" on eco
nomics and fiscal issues has
its parallel in the Republi-
can Party in Congress. But the
Democratic Party just now has
almost a two-thirds majority in
both Houses and a president Of
its own party in the White
House. theoretically, there
fore, the majority party should
have unity in its ranks. Were
it not for the vexatious "civil
rights" issue, there probably
wouldn't have been such a Bit
ter fight over foreign aid"
This is not because these two
subjects have any remote re-
lationship to each other but be-
cause a Southern member of
Congress can have a field day
on foreign aid" and please his
constituents by merely opposing
an administration that is get
ting ready to ram down the
throats of the people of his
district or state a public &C
commodations" bill whereby the
federal government would die
tate to a businessman with
what customers he must deal.
But even such a tough issue
as ''civil rights" would be re-
solved by the people if they had
a chance to vote on a national
basis for members of Congress
when a stalemate on such a ma
jor question develops in legisla-
tive procedures. The mere threat
Of a general election often would
be enough to produce a MAORI
ty in Congress that would act
expeditiously. VI " "
Today, If the people had their
say, they would have cut the
foreign aid" bill even more
than it was reduced by con-
gressional committee recon-
mendation. They would, Of
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
Phase Of Foreign Aid

There are various things about
the multi billion dollar foreign aid
program that many Americans do
not understand. And they can be
forgiven if they wonder sometimes
whether the complex was deliber-
ately arranged that way.
AS if sensing such a lack OF
understanding about counterpart
funds so frequently mentioned in
connection with foreign aid, The
Detroit News recently conducted
an enlightening discussion on the
subject and reached some interest
ing conclusions.
Counterpart funds" explained
The News, "are local currencies
which are used by recipient coun-
tries to pay for foreign aid or sur
plus farm products. These cur
rencies are deposited in overseas
banks to the credit of the United
States and must be spent in the
recipient countries. Some of the
funds are loaned back to the re-
cipient countries for economic de-
velopment and other domestic use
The rest is available for use by
the United States government.
"There are sound reasons for
setting up counterpart funds. They
enable the recipient countries to
pay for aid or farm products with
out using scarce dollars. They per-
nit the aid Of recipients to avoid
the stigma of receiving gifts from
Uncle Sam. And they provide the
United States with local currencies
to meet some of the necessary ex-
penSes of operating overseas"
But, all is not well with this
business known as counterpart
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

funds.
"The trouble" says The News,
"is that too much counterpart
money is piling up overseas. The
U. S. government is not spending
all of the local currencies credited
to its account and the millions of
dollars accumulated offer an open
invitation to waste and extrava-
gance. Some Congressman have
taken advantage of this opportun-
ity, and on their trips abroad have
spent these funds recklessly.
"The House of Representatives
already has passed a resolution to
limit the use of counterpart funds
by members on overseas travels.
The resolution would limit men,
bers on foreign missions to the
same per diem allowance granted
to employees of the executive
branch or require them to submit
proof Of transportation and living
expenses. But the Senate has
baked, and the resolution is still
stalled in Congress-"
Even this resolution, however,
will not get at the heart of the
matter which The News says is
the accumulation of huge sums of
local currencies abroad. Rather,
the solution is to limit the further
accumulation of counterpart funds
overseas and to throw the bright
spotlight of publicity on all spend
ing from such funds. Putting
clamps on Congressmen's private
use Of the funds also will help, but
as long as millions of dollars worth
of foreign currencies r easily &C
cessible overseas, waste and pro-
fligacy will be encouraged"
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

News that affects the pocket
book is of prime Importance.
Hence, we hurriedly pass along
from Washington some concerning
the dollar.
The Federal Reserve Board has
begun issuing one dollar notes.
These notes eventually will e
place the present dollar silver r
tificates, thereby freeing silver for
other uses.
Over at the U. S. Mint, the
money people have on order and
are planning to put into circula-
ton 100000 silver dollars. These
are the kind that clink and have
been nostalgically and otherwise
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

course, have refused to auth
orize the lending Of government
money directly or indirectly to
help the Soviet imperialists to
wage war in Cuba or any,
where else against the FIR e
world.
1t is easy enough to blame one
faction or another in Congress
or to argue that what is needed
is ''modernization" Of the COM
mittee rules. But as long as
America has a system of irreS-
ponsible government instead of
a system of responsible govern
ment and party responsibility
such as prevails in some 0
parts of the free world - more
Of the same kind of mess and
confusion that arose in the last
few days in Congress will be
witnessed in our own country.
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
The 88th Congress

he is yet to demonstrate is whether
he'll continue to rely on his talents
of persuasion or switch to a get
tough policy.
At any rate the campaign to
brand this session as unproductive
isn't being accepted as much as the
campaigners would like. For one
thing, the do-nothing charges are
being disputed in a bipartisan
fashion. Just the other day Mike
Mansfield, the Democratic leader
in the Senate, said that the 88th
Congress had made a good start"
even though much remains to be
done next year. He was compliment
tary regarding cooperation. Senat-
or Everett M. Dirksen, leader for
the Republicans, was equally COM
plimentary and characterized it as
a "stop, look and listen Congress-"
Sometime ago, well before the
end for this session was in sight,
Congressman Walter Rogers Cd
Tex.) made a remark about Con-
gress that is timely now. "Con-
gress," said he, Should be judged
by the quality of its acts-not the
quantity Of them. There is often
more significance to what Cong
ress does not enact as in what it
does pass into law, and | would
assure everyone that it is often
more difficult to keep bad bills
from becoming law than it is to
pass good ones"
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
BY ROBERT S. ALLEN
and PAUL SCOTT

WASHINGTON The first
full-scale congressional inquiry
Of the nation's immigration laws
in ten years has uncovered "a
masei-e Communist b'acknail
ring" dealing in U. S. visaS
and passports.
The undercover ring, which
has succeeded in bringing sew
eral thousand refugees into the
U. S., has its headquarters in
Geneva and employs agents both
behind the Iron Curtain and in
the u. S.
These covert operators ar
range the illegal purchase Of
valid U. S. passports and Wis
as for refugees who want to
join relatives or friends already
in the u. S.
Once these refugees are adj
mitted to this country, they are
contacted by u. S. members Of
the ring who extort funds under
the threat of revealing their il
legal entry to immigration Of
ficials.
These and other stills e
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

The 18th Congress has left un-
done many things certain groups
and organizations wanted done
namely enactment of questionable
legislation.
For this, the pundits, mainly
those of liberal philosophy, r
calling it a do-nothing Congress.
A few have described it as the
"~laziest" in years. Various others
have applied different epithets,
none of which can be considered
complimentary. The truth is that
they are plainly irked that Con-
gress hasn't promptly enacted the
Kennedy-Johnson program.
Rather significantly, a large
amount of this abuse has been
generated in recent days, accom-
panying pressure for action on
various and sundry proposals as a
memorial to the late President
Kennedy. This memorializing ap-
proach didn't get far, although it
may have stimulated favorable
consideration of several pieces of
sentimental but minor legislation.
President johnson hasn't indi-
Gated what sort of relations he will
have with Congress other than he
will show it consideration and
courtesy to a degree it hasn't en-
joyed in recent years. That is be-
cause of his long service in Con-
gress and his much touted ability
to get along with legislators. What
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
On Financial Front

referred to as "cartwheels." When
this hard money goes into circula-
ton it will be the first such issue
in % years.
The paper notes and the silver
dollars are worth 100 cents each,
as always. However, these 100 pen
mics are worth only 43 cents in
terms of pre-war purchasing.
If those who get hold of some
of the silver dollars don't care
about spending them, they won't
be worried about the cost of in
flation. So far as carrying a few
around in the pocket is concerned,
they weigh as much as the pre-
war issues.
was sentenced to three days in jail when
he couldn't pay a $25 fine for driving IS
miles an hour in a 65 mph n
BAGNOLS SUR CEZE, France CUPID
Georges Faugeras was eating mussels
and bordering what to buy his wife for
Christmas when he bit on the solution.
One mussel contained a pearl.
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
Anen-Scott Report
Red BlucknluiI Rinu

details of the Red blackmail
ring are highlighted in a report
of a preliminary overseas in
vestigation made by the Joint
Congressional immigration Com
mittee.
Headed by Representative
Michael A. Feighan, DO, the
committee turned over its find
ings to the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees to
support its request for $40, 900 to
complete the blackmail ring
probe and to investigate other
alleged "payoffs" in the isSu-
ance Of U. S. visas to refugees.
The Joint Committees unan-
nounced inquiry is being con-
Quoted prior to its considera-
ton of the late President Ken
nedy'S proposal on revising the
national quota immigration sys-
tenn established by the McCur-
ran-Walter immigration Act Of
1852.
The Kennedy proposal, which
is being fully supported by the
Johnson administration, would
eliminate all quotas based on
national origin over a five-year
period. 1t would raise the over
all quota for admission to the
U. S. from the present 154 ,657 to
about 164, 500.
THE RED RING - The Joint
immigration Committee b
its warning Of the Red black
mail ring in viSas and pass
ports on first-hand information
gathered by interviewing refu-
gees from Rumania, Hungary,
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
Willium S. White
White House Prisoner?

WASHINGTON. - One Of the
most difficult decisions he has
made is In back of President
JohnSon's arrangement to meet
Ludwig Erhard, the West Germ
an chancellor, after Christmas
in his ranch home in Texas
'ather than here In Washington.
In a sentence, the decision, as
he President has privately put
it, is this: 81 cannot and I will
not become a prisoner Of the
White House."
Every time Mr.. Johsnon has
Eft the total but at times some
What cloying security Of til e
great mansion here there has
been a flow of anxious messages
rom all over the country:
Don't let the President take
any chances. ."Please, Mr..
President, just stay in the White
House" and so on.
Shock from the assassination
Of President Kennedy is still
fresh in the nations memory.
Concern about Mr.. JohnSon's air
travel in winter weather is an
other factor. So, too, is the cir
cumstance that there is now no
Vice : President, though III
President has brought fully into
all high national affairs the
man who by law is next in line
of succession, Speaker of the
House John w. Mccormack of
Massachusetts.
Mr.. Johnson understands, SYM
oathizes with and appreciates
public concern for his safety,
and he will take all proper pre-
cautions suggested by the Sec
ret service. He feels, however,
that no President can expect
the country to come to him in
all circumstances; that at times
he must 60 out to the country,
as at times he must visit with
people outside Washington to
discharge fully his responsible
ties.
President Kennedy took a SIM
liar attitude, as did both Pres
idents Truman and Eisenhower.
And with special reference to
the Texas visit of Chancellor Err
hard there was yet another
strong consideration. This was
that Mr.. Johnson as Vice-Pres-
ident had notably entertained
and most usefully negotiated
with = Mr.. Erhard'S predeceS-
sor, Chancellor Konrad Alden
auer, at the ranch.
The Germans made 1t clear
some time ago that Mr.. Erhard
would be most appreciative of
an opportunity to meet PreSi-
dent Johnson at the same place
and in the same relaxed and
intimate atmosphere - an at
mosphere never quite attain
able, given the best effort in
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
Quirks In The News

LA PuENTE, Calf. (UPI) = A IS
year-old Nogales High School student was
IN custody of juvenile authorities today
for making a false bomb report to his
school W.
"It was my birthday and / didn't
want to 60 to school," said Glenn W.
Kilgore.
VAN NUyS, Calf. (UPD = John Stew.
N Waldorf, q, hoped for clemency
when he told a traffic judge he spent
more than nine hours hitch-hiking 400
miles to answer a charge Of speeding.
But it didn't do him any good. He
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
David Lawrence .

- WIN ID luils
damentally to blame for t h e
mess in Congress? The Repub-
Leans? The Democrats? The
administration in power? Or the
people themselves?
The disarray is primarily due
to the absence of party respon-
Sibility in the national legisla-
tive body. There is no way at
present for the people to express
their will on a major issue at
the time it arises.
"The ''foreign aid" program
is the most recent oStensible
cause of the confusion which
stalled the adjournment of Con-
gresS to Christmas eve. But
something deeper is involved. 1t
is the failure Of the American
system to permit the people a
voice at the moment when their
opinion and guidance should be
formally recorded. All the re-
cent talk about merely amend
ing the rules Of procedure in
the committees of Congress is
meaningless because it doesn't
go to the root of the problem.
Once upon a time in Ameri-
can history - as recently as so
years ago - there was party
responsibility. A party caucus
vote binding on lis participants
was customary. But today each
member Of a political party in
Congress is a law unto himself.
He is subject to no party dis
cipline. Even if he were, how
ever, there is no immediate OPP
portunity for the people to de-
eide who is right or wrong. The
people seemingly are outsiders
- bewildered byStanderS. They
sare- told that in America the
people rule - but this some
times seems more a theory than
a fact.
The American people would
probably agree to the basic
principle involved in foreign
aid" But they wouldn't agree
that the country aided could
thereby ignore its own respon-
sibilities. The American people,
il a referendum were held to-
day, would doubtless vote over
w~helmingly against allowing
government credit facilities to
be used to finance sales Of
wheat to the Soviet government.
Just a little more than a year
ago that same government in
Moscow was financing the
construction of missile bases in
Cuba with the avowed purpose
Of using such bases to attack
the American people. Has the
leopard changed his spots SO
quickly?
Today there is a split in each
of the two major parties in Con-
gress. Why, it may be asked,
are there, in effect, four blocS?
Why, to be sure, is the Demo-
cratic Party in particular split
so badly in both Houses Of Con-
gress? One reason is related to
differences on economic issues.
The other involves a surrender
to political expediency by the
Northern Democrats in an eff
fort to attract the Negro vote.
Persistent attempts to try to
change human nature by a pro-
cess Of legislative coercion Is,
moreover, beginning to split the
Democratic Party among the
voters in the North, too.
An argument can be made,
of course, on both sides Of the
controversy over "civil rights"
but what matters is that the
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

Yugoslavia and the United Arab
Republic" and from sources
within U. S. Intelligence Servic-
eS.
The report frankly states that,
"These interviews provided in
formation on the organizational
structure of a massive Commu-
mist blackmail operation at work
in the free world"
1t points out that, persons
in the free world with relatives
living in certain countries be.
hind the Iron Curtain are con.
tacted and informed that for a
price in hard currencies exit
permits can be obtaind for
their relatives. The price tag
on these exit permits varies
from country to country. Evil
dence obtained points to a well
organized and widespread Com
munist scheme to extort funds
from the refugees and their
relatives. This matter is now
under investigation by the Joint
Committee"
The legislators stressed that
they are particularly interested
in the blackmail rings opera
tons among refugees coming
from Rumania. One Intelligence
estimate indicates there are
more than IS, 900 willing to pay
lar0e sums of money in Pm
ania to obtain viSaS to the u. S.
When aired in public hearings
earlv next year, the commit
tees findings could influence
CONGRESS- to make draseic chang
eS in u. S. immigration poll
cieS and the State Departm IFS
handling of passports and viSaS.
X X X
FORMER PRESIDENTS
President Harry S. Truman is
going about in opposing chang
eS in the present law of sue
ceSsion to the presidency,
which is expected to become a
major issue in the 1864 session
of Congress. Truman has told
close friends that he plans to
support the existing law in a
series of TV-radio appearances.
He also is writing members Of
Congress-, stating: Il worked
out the law for succession while
/ was In the White House, and
it occurred to me that the sue
cessor to the President should
be an elected official as nearly
nationwide as possible. The
Speaker Of the House becomes
as nearly as possible a na4ion-
wide elected official. The Speak
er has to be elected to the House
of Representatives in his own
district, and then the House a s
a whole has to elect him as
the Speaker of the House. / am
convinced that succession
through the Speaker is much
better for the country than
through appointive officials nam
ed by the President. =.
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

the world, in state visits in the
White House itself.
Too, there is the fact that Mr..
Johnson loves the old W 90 d
and limestone ranch house -
built In his grandfather's time,
and at length restored by the
President himself - as he loves
no other place.
In the area. cousins, sisters.
other relatives, abound. And
these and old neighbors-ranch-
ers, wranglers, foremen, 1eal
laboring men and bushes en-
and bankers - the Presiden1 las
always visited at or near Cb-ist-
mastime when he could. Too,
there is a special companion,
Judge A. W. Moursund, with
whom the President likes to get
in at least one deer hunt a year.
The LBJ Ranch is what Hyde
Park was to Franklin Roose-
welt, what Independence, Mo-,
was to Harry Truman. II is
home. And it permits President
Johnson a freedom Of movement
rides through the mesquite on
a bay morse, walks alone through
the hills along the Pederno'es
River - which do a good deal
to restore his spirit and to ease,
not the work itself, which al
ways continues at the ranch
about as here, but the pressure
Of the work.
Finally and fundamentally and
beyond all this, however, Mr..
Johnson simply feels that he
cannot do all that he mus do
if he is to restrict himself I'M
duly to the confined locale Of
the White House itself.
The chronicle., 1963-12-26

A baby rabbit had been Fostering its
mother all day. Finally the exasperated
parent replied: 'You were pulled out Of
a magician's hat now stop asking
me questions"
The chronicle., 1963-12-26
THE CHRONICLE

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-08-28

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