davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
To Seek Seat

Sir Alec found a safe Conserv-
alive constituency in Scotland
and will vie for the seat on No
vember T. He is expected to win
easily. Meanwhile, despite an
angry protest-delivered in person
by Mr.. Wilson to the Prime Min
lister at his office in No. 10 Down.
ing Street, Sir Alec postponed the
reopening Of Parliament for two
weeks, until November IL. Pre-
sumably. Mr.. Wilson felt that if
Sir Alec could not participate in
the opening session Of Parliament
1t would be a great embarrass-
ment to the Conservatives.
Before this interparty maneu-
vering was settled, Sir Alec had
largely healed what appeared to
be dangerous split in the Con-
sentative Party over his recent
selection as the successor to
Harold Macmillan.
his was evident last Sunday
when he announced his cabinet
and three of his chief
rivals for the Prime Minis
ter's office were in it. Sir Alec's
former post of Foreign Minister
was given to r. A. Butler, Deputy
Prime Minister under Mr.. Macmil-
Ian. There will be no Deputy in
the new government. Reginald
Maulding and Lord Hailsham re-
manned as Chancellor Of the Ex-
chequer and Minister Of Science,
respectively.
Most Of the other Macmillan
cabinet members are staying on
under Sir Alec. including Peter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Instruction Law

The instruction law they are
charged with violating was enact
ed In 1871 and has not been pre-
viously used in Georgia racial
demonstrations Of recent years.
Solicitor General Stephen Pace, IT.,
says he found the law while look
ing for a charge that fitted the
situation in Americas.
The law says:
ANY attempt, by persuasion or
otherwise, to induce others to Join
in any combined resistance to the
lawful authority Of the State shall
constitute an attempt to incite in
surrection."
Although Mr.. Pace has indicat-
ed he would not seek 1t, the maxi
mum penalty under the law is
death. The minimum Is five years
imprisonment. The law Is under
serious constitutional question.
A three-judge Federal court now
has set Q hearing for October 81
on petitions seeking freedom for
the four charged under the insur-
rection law and for q co-worker,
Thomas Mcdaniel. an Americas
Negro also being held. The Federal
judiciary thus is likely to run head
on into the legal actions taken
locally. .
Aleading constitutional law
yer. Morris Abram. has stepped
in on behalf Of Aelony, and the
NAACP attorneys have filed a
similar petition on behalf Of the
other four.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Straight and Fast

I'VE are going straight ahead,
and straight ahead fast" he said.
I'VE are not lurching to the right.
We are not lurching to the left.
We are not lurching at all"
Sir Alec appeared on British
television three times last week
and the consensus was that he
projected we'll. And in an open
ing election speech in Scotland
yesterday, he gave indications
that he will be a sharp and
tough campaigner.
He disclosed a program de-
signed to steal some of Labor's
thunder. a program to expand
Britain's economy and social
services and to keep the nations
independent nuclear force.
Some observers feel that Sir
Alec will run much stronger
against Labor next year than Mr..
Macmillan would have. New public
opinion polls, however, show that
Labor is still gaining.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
On Payments

The Germans asked for q clari-
fication Of the Gilpatric state
ment. coming as It did virtually on
the eve Of Big Lift. They were
assured again that Defense Sec
rotary McNamara'S promise of
last August that we would not cut
our combat strength still stands.
Secretary Of State Rusk then flew
to Bonn on Friday to meet with
West Germany's new Chancellor,
Ludwig Erhard, and made the
pledge anew.
Despite all the assurances, many
Americans believe, as many Ger
mans undoubtedly still fear, that
we will reduce our forces in Eu-
rope in the not too distant future.
For one thing, our balance Of pay
ments deficit, while showing signs
of declining, still is very serious
matter. The only way to make a
real dent in it Is to cut foreign
aid sharply or reduce our ground
and tactical air strength overseas.
1t is likely that we will also cut
back our forces in Japan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27

tween the two North African
countries. Casualties have been
low even though the forcesl are
quite expoSed-you can't take
much cover in the desert.
And figuratively speaking, there
has been more noise from Algerian
and Moroccan propaganda broad
casts than there has been from
the guns along the border.
This has led some neutral dip
lomatic observers to believe that
neither President Ben Bella of
Algeria nor King Hassan of
Morocco is presently burning
with any real desire to obtain a
cease-fire and solution to his
problem. Both leaders are having
internal troubles and the border
war" gives them the opportunity
to build up patriotic fervor and
thereby distract domestic opposi-
tionistS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27

where there isn't enough left to
continue the private authority
properly. then you are Just as sure
as shooting bound to get a certain
end result.
Now this is the basic concern
everywhere, that taxes are too
high. High in relation to what?
High in relation to what there is
available to tax?
Now you can say, well, that Is
an old story" and it Is. But when
the total Of Government, Federal,
State and local taxes get close to
40 per cent Of the total distributed
earnings. Of the Nation, then you
had better watch out for the ma
chine that produces the activity
the machine we call private
business.
@. Do you feel the same urgency
that the administration does for
this tax cut2 Do you think it
should come this year?
A. If the inference of your ques-
ton is that with a tax cut there
will not be a recession and without
a tax cut there will be q recession,
would have to tell you that I
have no view about that. I Just
don't know.
If the implication of your ques-
ton is that an early tax cut is
more likely to be beneficial from
the standpoint of the country,
then I would certainly agree that
an early tax cut is more likely to
be beneficial than a later one.
If you think Of tax cut, as I do.
as trying to remedy the with
drawal from the economy of too
much of the Nations substance in
the form Of taxes, and to help
restore some of the incentives for
job-creating investment, then the
sooner some degree Of remedy is
applied, the better. If you think
Of it, as some do, as an avoidance
of an immediate rundown, then
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Valid in War?

As for Big Lift as military OPP
Grafton: 1t proved that we could
fly a lot Of men overseas in a
hurry. These particular soldiers
had their tanks, armored person.
mel carriers and trucks pre-posi-
toned in stockpiles in Germany.
An advance party gave them
maintenance and put them in
running order.
Whether the operation had real
significance for a wartime situa-
ton, however, was not clear.
Would the airfields be available?
Would local air control allow the
flight? Would the vehicles be in
working order? 1t may be that one
division on the ground would be
worth two in the air-particu-
larry If they had no place to land.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
By REESE CLEGHORN
Star Special Writer

ATLANTA-Behind the bars OF
q jail in Georgia's old plantation
country. four young civil rights
workers are awaiting trial on
charges Of violating q recently re-
viYed 1871 law that entails A nos
sible death sentence.
Their situation has aroused ma
tional interest. and they figure in
legal action that could have Rreat
impact in the South's civil rights
action.
The arrests came during DEM
onstrations In Americas, Ga, In
which some ESQ people, almost ali
Negroes, were jailed. Americas. a
haf-white. half-Negro city of
1900 people in farm country
about l40 miles south Of Atlanta
was m king an extraordinarily
determined effort to prevent pro-
tests.
Charges Of attempting to incite
insurrection were. placed against
zev Aelony, IS. Minneapolis. a for
mer University Of Minnesota stu.
dent; Donald Harris, 81, New
York City, . Rutgers University
graduate; Ralph w. Allen, %.
MelroSe, Mass, q former student
at Trinity College In Connecticut:
and John Perdew. 81, Denver.
Colo, q Harvard University stu
dent. Harris is q Negro. The 9TH
ers are white.
No ball has been set for the
four. since the charge Is a capital
offense. So they have waited In
jail for almost three months as a
slow judicial process has begun to
turn. The Georgia Supreme Court
has denied them release on bond
and a three-judge Federal court
has set o hearing October 81 for
petitions seeking their freedom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27

geria has declared that no cease
fire would be acceptable unless
the Moroccans withdrew from the
area 1t claims lies within its bor-
ders. The Moroccans, on the other
hand, contend that Algerian
forces are aggressors on Moroc-
can territory,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27

your own doubtful outlook that
you can sometimes talk yourself
and others into something you do
not want.
The fate Of the tax bill could
have some kind Of . bearing on
next year. think It would be
probably q confidence-weakening
factor. If you built the country up
to expect a tax cut and you didn't
get a tax cut. For the next six
months, let's say. wouldn't be
surprised either way, but would
be hopeful that things would
continue at least at somewhat the
same level.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
SteeI's RueioI Role

q. Turning to a different area,
there have been many suggestions
that United States Steel and some
Of the other large employers In
Birmingham. Ala, should be
doing something to help ease the
racial situation there. Has United
States Steel played any role IN
trying to bring racial harmony to
Birmingham
A. I think there is q very limited
utility in my discussing BirminE.
ham. It's q good deal better for
those in Birmingham to discuss
their Situation-in our case for
the president Of Tennessee Coal
g. Iron, which is a division Of
United States Steel. My belief Is
that he has played q constructive
part in trying to help in q very
difficult situation. So far as Jobs
are concerned, what is needed in
Alabama is more business activity
and more industry coming In.
The unhappy fact Is that the
business atmosphere right now
isn't conducive to bringing BUSH
neSSes into Birmingham. / am
hopeful that things will improve
there. They have a lot Of compe-
tent people in Birmingham who
understand the situation
One Of the things that was done
at this particular time was the
decision Of 7. c. I. to build a large
new facility to produce wider
sheets Of higher quality steel.
This has been needed in the South
for some time.
If we hadn't done this, there
would be many, many Jobs in the
Birmingham area that would
phase out because Of competitive
market factors. But with this new
facility going In, there will be
certainly many construction Jobs,
a lot Of local employment. There
will also be a lot Of Jobs elsewhere
in the United States where these
new facilities to be installed are
manufactured.
There will be, also, some add
tional Jobs in the South on the
part Of some Of our customers
who will be able to take the
products that come from these
new facilities and become more
competitive in their own fields.
So, from the standpoint Of the
South and Birmingham, this new
facility should be very helpful.
Q. Do you favor q racial quota
system in adding new employees?
A. In Birmingham we have close
to 80 per cent colored employees.
I believe the only way that you
can run a business Is to employ
people who are qualified, regard
less Of their race, or creed, or
color. Our policy on that is of
long standing and is certainly well
known within our organization.
1t is to seek and employ the best
qualified personnel in all Of the
corporations facilities and at all
Of its working locations; to provide
equal opportunities for the ad-
vancement Of employees, including
upgrading, promotion and train
ing, and to conduct these activi-
ties In Q manner which will not
discriminate against any person
because Of race, creed, color or
national origin.
(Copyright, 1868, By the Detroit News,
Newark News, st. Louis Post-Dispatch
and XAshinRton starr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
North Africa:
TotheSummit?

Border war between Algeria
and Morocco continued last
week as agreement on summit
meeting hit series Of snags.
For about two weeks now there
has been sporadic fighting be-
tween Moroccan and Algerian
troops on the disputed border be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
THE FOREIGN SCENE

Thorneycroft, Minister Of Defense,
and Duncan Sandys, Common
wealth and Colonial Secretary.
But Sir Alec failed to win them
all. Two important figures de-
clined to remain in the cabinet.
They are Enoch Powell, Minister
Of Health, and Ian Macleod,
leader Of the House Of Commons
and co-chairman Of the Con-
sentative Party. Mr.. Powell and
Mr.. Macleod repeatedly led the
last minute revolt against the
choice of the then Lord Home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Constitutional Rights

Mr.. Abram, q Georgia attorney
who left Atlanta about q year ago
to Join the New York law firm
with which Adlai E. Stevenson
formerly was active. Is chairman
Of the executive board Of the AM
erican Jewish c m mittee. He
hopes to establish with his suit in
Americas that the entire legal and
political machinery Of the city has
been used to deny Mr.. Aelony his
constitutional rights.
Since the Americas way Of ham
ding racial demonstrations fol-
lows q pattern already established
in some Of the rural areas of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
ON THE RECORD
Big SteeFs Role in the Country Today

NEW YORK. Following Is
the transcript Of an On The
Record interview with Roger NJ.
BlOugh, chairman Of the board,
United States Steel Corp. The
news story on Page BIS is based
on this transcript.
q. Mr.. Blough. it has been Is
months since the great steel price
crisis Of 1862. AS you look back
on it. did it really do any harm?
A. As far as the relationships
between the Government and in
duStry generally are concerned, my
belief is that they certainly suf-
fered for the time being. At the
moment. they are certainly much
better than they were at the time
Of the incident.
, As to whether in the long run It
viii prove beneficial to good rela-
tionships with Government, that
Is problematical. But I would hope
that reason and good will on both
sides will be so forcefully expressed
in the years ahead that It would
not have too much Of q deleterious
effect.
AS far as the effect on the steel
industry is concerned, I question
whether you could consider 1t
helpful. One Of the things that
did grow out Of the incident,
I believe, was a greater under
standing on both sides Of the
problems of the other side. And
II that leads to more rapproche-
ment in the future, why that Is
all to the good.
Q. If you had known then what
you know now. would you have
made q different decision about
raising the steel prices?
A. Sitting here knowing every
thing that had taken place, I
would say now, as I said then, that
the price increase was entirely
justified. I would see no reason
today to change what we did.
@. Since then, it would appear
that about 70 per cent or so Of
steel products have had q price
increase. Has there been any
noticeable pressure from the Gov
eminent regarding this increase?
o. A. Speaking only for United
States Steel. I know Of nothing
which I would necessarily charac-
terize as pressure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
On Competing Abroad

@. Beyond this, what must the
American steel industry do, or
what must be done for 1t, so it can
compete abroad?
A. Basically our problems arise
out Of our costs. Prices are so
competitive-and I am not only
referring to the steel industry
that the underlying problem in
relation to our competitive prob
lem is the cost problem. 1t isn't
the price problem.
Now there is no direct way for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Continued From Page c..

NOHtiHuou EEOm rage C-l
1864 general election campaign
with a boisterous attack a day
pace, tried desperately to force an
opening Of Parliament-originally
set for this Tuesday-before Sir
Alec could go to the people in a
race for a seat in the House of
Commons. It is traditional and
most important, politically,
for a Prime Minister to be a
member of Commons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27

This exercise saw MATS fly an
entire armored division to West
Germany from Texas in SO hours.
Purpose: to demonstrate how rap.
idly we could reinforce our 250,-
000-man Army in Europe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Demonstrations Hurt

Negro leaders said 20 demon
strators were injured seriously
enough to require hospital treat
ment. Extensive police brutality
was charged. The Justice Depart
ment announced several days Ia.
ter, however. that an FBI investi-
cation had not established that
brutality had occurred.
Several more marches followed,
and within . short time $50 Ne
groes had been jailed on O variety
OF charges. The white communi-
tvs resistance to any Of the Ne
groes' demands had further stiff
fened, and public officials were
refusing to discuss, explain or
comment at all upon the racial
situation.
Negroes have charged that re-
presSive measures prevent them
from protesting in any way.
Negro leaders had called for ap-
pointment Of q biracial committee
to negotiate the issues, which they
said included desegregation Of
public facilities and accommoda-
tons, equal Job opportunities and
the right to protest.
The white leaders said. in turn,
that in the past, Negro requests
have been met. They cited a va
riety Of new Negro schools and
gymnasiums. Q $4,000 Negro
stadium, a well-kept Negro hous-
ing project and an urban renewal
program benefitting Negroes. I'VE
had Q very quiet. peaceful town."
Mayor T: Griffin Walker said,
land everyone was getting along
fine"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Grond JuY Action

q. But isn't Government pres
sure involved in the Justice De-
partment announcement this week
that q New York Federal grand
Jury has Subpoenaed certain rec
ords, presumably about pricing,
from United States Steel and
other big steel firms?
"A. What you are really asking,
! suppose, is this: II steel prices
had not increased recently, would
the Department of Justice have
started this grand jury2 And that,
Of course, Is a question that only
the Government can answer.
@. To what extent have you
been able to reach, by selective
price increases, the goals that you
sought Is months ago by across
the-board increases2
A. Well, I would say we are a
long way from the mark. can't
give you a percentage figure.
OF course, for a long period Of
time there we're no significant
price changes.
And you will also realize-per-
hapS you don't, because they are
. not publicized as much-there
have been a number Of price
decreases, not only between 1858
and April Of 1862, but since April
Of 1862.
, @. Is there any merit in the
proposal. usually made by Federal
officials, that an outside review
board" should advise whether a
proposed price or wage increase in
basic industries is in the national
interest?
A. The purpose Of an outside
review board" obviously would be
to substitute some measure Of
governmental control for the
normal competitive controls that
operate in free market. Such a
proposal therefore is, in my opin-
ion, inconsistent with our Ameri-
. can free market philosophy. 1t is
also inconsistent, I think, with the
views expressed by President Ken
nedy in his talk to the business
editors last fall, when he said:
,'The free market is not only a
more efficient decision maker
than even the wisest central
planning body, but even more
: important, the free market keeps
economic power widely dispersed.
: 1t thus is vital underpinning of
our democratic system"
. @. What kind Of Government
atmosphere toward business do
you think we have now?
A. Well, I would say reasonably
) good. By that, mean that some
Of the actions have, believe, been
conducive to improving the invest
ment opportunities for business
for example. the change in the
depreciation rules.
That kind Of a thing Is an indi-
d cation that the attitudes and the
understanding behind what is
necessary to have good business
have chance Of being recognized.
Now If I were to go on, I would
say that the suggestion of tax
changes-the reduction of the total
volume Of taxeS-is on the con-
structive side.
So, by and large, would say
that 1t seems fairly clear that
efforts are being made to create
an atmosphere which is good.
Now when say that. I have to say
Immediately that not only will
some people differ with me with
respect to my appraisal, but that
might also differ with some of
I the measures that are being taken
as either too late, or not enough,
or some of them, let's say, in error.
\
Tex Cut Effect
@. You mentioned the tax cut
a@-A-,.zAs.,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
Tex Cut Effect

Q. You mentioned the tax cut
as a constructive action by the
administration. Do you favor it
primarily as an antirecession
measure?
A. I think, baSically, favor it
for the reasons that more Of the
total activity of the country can
be done in the private area. Let
me put 1t this way: If the results
Of private activity are siphoned off
In the form Of taxes to a point
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-27
- ;
Instruction Case
Poses Rights Test

could be significant.
A voter registration drive
among Negroes had been under
way since last January, but mass
turmoil did not begin in Americas
until last summer.
Theotsr Segregation
On q warm evening in July, IL
young Negroes appeared before
the white" box office Of q motion
picture theater that has separate
entrances and seating places for
whites and Negroes. Their leaders
said later they had failed in eff
forts to negotiate an end to the
theater's segregation.
Angry whites gathered around
the Negroes there, and police soon
ordered the Negroes to dispense.
Two days later they were back,
some with anti-segregation picket
signs. The city council hastily as
sembled and passed an ordinance
saying picketing must be between
am. and 8 pm. The police chief
went to the theater Immediately
and read the ordinance. When
several Negroes returned that
night with picket signs, they were
arrested. They were subsequently
convicted Of violating the new or
dinance.
Several days later more Negroes
appeared at the theater. This time
they were charged with blocking
the sidewalk. About 80 demon
strators marched on city hall to
protest. When police moved In to
stop them, someone hurled bricks
and bottles. More arrests followed.
On August 8 the protests
reached something Of q climax.
Negroes staged q mass march, and
again bottles and bricks were
thrown at police. Two officers
were hoSpitalized with injuries and
five others were reported hurt.
The next night another march
turned into q riot. and AZ Negroes
were arrested. BY this time State
troopers, sheriff's deputies and q
number Of deputized white civil
ians had Joined the city police.