davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1963-02-06
Blueprint for Health

In calling for bold new approach"
to the problems of mental illness and
retardation, President Kennedy has in
vited Congress and the Nation to enter
into an era otenlightenment by tearing
the last dark curtain from around a
subject once considered too shameful
to discuss.
Mr. Kennedy's very act of sending
Congress a special message on mental
health-the first from any President
-underScores the high priority given
to 1t on his domestic program. Calling
attention to the $24 billion a year
taxpayers now spend for antiquated
services to the mentally i'll, the Presi-
dent stressed key point: New medical
scientific and social tools and insights
are now available for a fresh start,
which would cover every aspect. Ac-
cording to the President:
This approach is designed, in large
measure, to use Federal resources to stimu-
late State. local and private action When
carried out, reliance on the cold mercy of
custodial isolation will be supplanted by the
open warmth of community concern and
capability. Emphasis on prevention, treat
ment and rehabilitation will be substituted
for desultory interest in confining patients
in an institution to wither away.
Perhaps the viable heart of the
concern and capability" For it is
toward that end that the President
proposes initial Federal aid, such as
grants of As to rs per cent to the
States for many new community mental
health centers. Replacing the some
times shocking and disgraceful State
institutions, where progress now is
tortuouSly slow, these centers would
concentrate on preventive diagnosis, as
well as treatment and rehabilitation
for both in and out-patients The
President predicted the new approach,
If begun at once, would in 10 to 20
years reduce by at least half the 100000
persons now under custodial care in
State institutions.
While the plan eventually will run
into billions of dollars, the President
sees the Federal Government providing
only the original grants, not alone for
buildings, but for the equally vital
training of professional manpower to
staff the community centerS, such as
physicians, psychiatric aides and the
like, already in short supply. Mr.. Ken
nedy expressed much concern about the
10000 children born mentally retarded
each year, proposed grants for new
facilities, and asked for comprehensive
maternity and child care programs for
the poor neighborhoods, where the suf-
fering is the greatest.
Once the program is established,
the President proposes to finance oper-
ating costs through private and local
sources. To this end, he has raised the
possibility that mental health care will
be accepted as part of private volun-
tary health insurance. The hope for
this lies in the fact that new drugs and
therapeutic methods have cut treatment
time in high percentage of cases from
years to months or weeks.
Over all, the Presidents blueprint
offers realistic, enlightened approach
to situation which, as he says, has
existed and troubled our national con-
science far too long. 1t is worthy of
the careful attention and consideration
of Congress.
Evening star., 1963-02-06

The recent article "The
Ukraine and You" by DR..
Frederick B. Harris, repeats
some shocking misinforma-
ton about the Ukraine.
1t should be remembered
that: /. The population Of
the Ukraine had never voted
concerning separation from
Russia. g., A handful Of
separatists which proclaimed
the separation Of the
Ukraine from Russia As years
ago was not supported by the
people and fled to get help
from the German Army. 3.
The present leaders Of emf
gre Ukrainian separatists
have no formal or moral
right to speak In the name
of the population Of the
Ukraine.
The above points were
made by Andrey A. Diky in
the January 10. 1868 issue
of the New York anti-Soviet
Russian language daily 'No-
voye Russkoye Slovo." I know
that they are true and !,
therefore, indorse them.
The greatest guilt Of the
Ukrainian separatist emigres
however is that their leader.
Lev Dobriansky, so thorough
ly misinformed the U. s.
Congress that the so-called
Captive Nations" U. 8. Pub
lie Law $500 even includes
several mythical nations"
such as "Cossackia". This
makes an aggressive farce
out Of the present Congress
sional approach to the Cap
tive Nations" question, In
spite Of the glowing ref
erences TO 1t by DR.. Harris.
according TO the Congress
sional Record, Dobriansky
claims that II was he who
substantially provided and
wrote the clauses In addition
TO the basic ideas Of that
law
Fifteen permanent tenure
and emeriti professors OF Il
American universities have
Joined me In a published
statement which condemns
the present form OF that Law
and calls for itS repeal since
II aims at the complete dis
memberment OF Russian ter.
ritories.
To expose the hoaxes oi
the Captive Nations" law
/ hereby formally offer II
pay $1,000 to the first per-
son who will be able 10 prove
TO a properly constituted ar
bitration commission oi
American historians thai
there ever was a nation
called "Cossackia" the ma
tional independence" oi
which. - according 10 the
US. Public Law $500, - wal
subjugated by the "imperi-
alistic policies Of Commu'
mist Russia.
Evening star., 1963-02-06

This particular clear-cut
point is easiest for me to
deal with since I am a former
Don Cossack officer who had
fought the Reds in South
Russia so that I know that
there was no "Cossackia" In
existence then or later.
As an American citizen for
over 20 years I cannot re-
main indifferent when DR..
Harris succumbs to the false
propaganda of people whom
I have dubbed "The Mer-
chants Of Hate. In these
days Of menacing nuclear
holocaust such things should
be of the gravest concern to
every American.
Gregory p. TschebOtariOff
Professor of Civil Engineering,
Princeton University,
Princeton, N. j.
AH
After reading DR.. Frederick
Brown Harris sermon on
freedom abstract and free
dom specifically for the
Ukrainians, ! have found the
answer to why the men OF
the cloth have so little ef-
feet In the councils Of men
despite their moral posture.
To carry influence. elo-
quence is one Of the more
superficial requisites; many
more important is a cleav-
age to the truth and the
avoidance Of that opportnn-
istic bias lightly mistaken
for patriotism.
Indeed, DR.. Harris, what are
the facts about the Ukraine2
First of gil the Ukrainians
are related TO the Russians
by race, religion, common
cultural heritage. and even
common enemies. In his
statement about the Ukrain-
ians fighting for their free
dom from predatory neigh
bors for 1000 years he avoids
mentioning that those pred
ators we're not the Russians
- but the Tatars. Turks,
Lithuanians. and Poles. This
Is a neat bit OF semantics for
the gist OF the article leads
the reader 10 the desired
wrong assumption.
II Is a matter OF historic
record that the Ukrainians
under Atam an Bogdan
Khmelnitsky, In i653-30
odd years before Peter the
Great was born, when the
ravages OF their "neighbors'
we're becoming too great "a
bear alone - voted 10 be
under the Eastern Car who
was like them. "of the same
race and Orthodox re-
ligion." II was the time OF
the Cossacks' fight for sur
vival against rapacious Po-
land, whose troops we're abb
solved by the Holy Father In
Rome OF all sins In their
aggression against the sehis-
mates.
Evening star., 1963-02-06
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Niqht-Ridinq With Men in Sheets
By DONALD MINTZ

terror could almost be said
to have existed.
"Distraught over this erup-
ton Of Klan violence, Attor-
ney-General Charles c.
Mccall quickly e m barked
upon a course of &C tion
which had all Alabama agog.
He publicly confessed mem
bership in the secret order,
resigned from it. assailed its
brutalities, and then did ev-
erything In his power as the
chief law officer Of the State
to halt Its course Of terror
ism"
For all that, the Klan was
certainly not primarily a ter
rorist organization though It
tended TO think in violent
terms. The modern Klan-
Mr.. Rice is not interested In
the organization Of the Re-
construction Period - was
born In 1915. 1t began as a
fraternal organization, and 1t
was some years before 1t took
on that specific character
that was ultimately to bring
1t into further disrepute.
THE PHRASE "in Ameri-
can politics" In the title Of
the book is express recogni-
ton Of a distinct limitation.
Mr.. Rice Is interested In the
Klan as a factor in Govern
ment and politics at all lev
els and In all areas. It's Pc
culiar and shifting internal
organization and internecine
battles are discussed only in
so far as they are essential
10 the main purpose.
There are times. TO be sure,
when the procession OF cam
paigns, elections and names
OF forgotten local political
figures threatens 10 become
endless. Nobody will accuse
Mr.. Rice Of having left any
thing out.
But this is what the book
is about. And II is in this
area that the Klan showed
its power. It's political ac-
tivities may have been some-
what peripheral In terms OF
the American scene as a
whole. But they we're inter-
esting and revealing Of some
grave flaws in areas Of the
national character.
Evening star., 1963-02-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry t0riters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSu-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1963-02-06
THE KU KLUX KHAN IN
AMERICAN POLITICS by

THE kU kLUX kLAN IN
AMERICAN POLITICS by
Arnold s. Rice. Introduc-
ton by Harry Golden. $50
PIP. Public Affairs Press.
$325O
1t is not easy to write the
history Of a secret order un-
less you happen to be privy
TO the secrets. And II you
are, the chances are that you
will be an apologist rather
than an analyst.
Arnold 8. Rice Is no klans-
man. On the contrary, he is
an opponent. But his book on
the Klan is the very model Of
careful scholarship. He
makes no charges that can
not be proved In the strictest
legal sense Of the term. And
since 1t is impossible TO iden-
tify robed. hooded figures. he
is forced TO find that 1t is
generally impossible TO DEM
onstrate that the Klan was
responsible for this or that
particular episode of might
riding" the euphemism for
violence.
After all, others could have
got hold OF the Klan's re-
gala. And even assuming
that Klansmen we're guilty.
how does one show that they
had any sort Of official ap-
proval2
Nonetheless. no one, no
matter how great his schol-
arly caution. would care TO
absolve the Klan from
charges Of violence.
IN ONE SECTION Of his
study for example. Mr.. Rice
considers the Klan's activi-
ties In Alabama during the
administration OF Governor
Bibb Graves (l927-i93D.
I'm It's very first year." he
writes, "the Graves admins
tration was discomfited by
an outbreak OF Klan lawless-
ness. First one county, then
another, became the scene OF
tar and featherings. whip
pings and brandings. In one
county. Grenshaw, In the
southern part OF the State,
'night-riding' was INDUCED in
so frequently by hooded and
robed mobs that O reign oi
Evening star., 1963-02-06
u. S. Silence on the NATO Issue
v CROSBY S. NC
NForsign conespondent q Ths s.

been left very much up in the
air. The military command,
it seems, would be under the
supreme allied commander
who is, and is likely to re-
main, an American.
Political control according,
to one current formula. is to
be in the hands of an "execu-
tive committee" presumably
made UP Of those countries
which contribute to the force.
There also has been talk Of
mixed crews for the missile
carrying submarines.
All this, 1t must be said,
does not really answer the
question Of who will push the
button of an integrated
NATO force in case Of a
showdown. Whether or not
the United States is really
prepared to give up its right
of veto over the use of any
nuclear weapons assigned to
NATO has never been made
clear. And until it is, a GER
tain scepticism is inevitable.
Divergent Views
American motives in pro-
posing such a force are per-
haps clear enough. 1t is an
effort to satisfy q growing
demand in Europe for a lar
ger participation in the nu-
clear affairs of the alliance.
1t is also hopefully an effort
to head off any further ef-
forts to develop a purely ma
tional nuclear forces-parti-
cularly on the part Of the
Germans.
The British have Jumped
at the idea, not only to en-
phasize their spirit Of Anglo
Saxon cooperation" but
also. one suspects. to solve
their own increasing military
problem. It offers a logical
alternative to their own en-
ormously expensive nuclear
deterrent which quite clearly
the British people will not be
willing to support much long
er in any case.
The Germans. who also
support the idea, look on 1t
quite obviously as a way
around restrictions on their
production of nuclear weap-
ons laid down by the German
Rearmament Treaty in 1854.
The Italians agree because
they are agreeable people and
because they apparently see
in it a means Of twitting
Gen. de Gaulle.
Those who oppose the prop
osition, however, are not lack
ing in a certain logic. Sum-
ming up the arguments
against a multilateral force,
French Foreign Minister
Couve de Murville declared
recently:
They tell us that 1t is
useless to add anything to an
already over-abundant Amer
ican force. We reply that we
want a French atomic force
If only for political reasons
to participate in the funda-
mental responsibilities in the
field Of defense.
This is why it seems to us
legitimate to demand finan-
cial sacrifices Of the Nation.
But there would be no rea-
son to consent Ito such sac
rifices) even though less
heavy, to set up a multilat-
eral force which also would
not add much to Western
strength and which would
give France no political ad-
vantage whatever"
One wonders, given these
divergent views, whether the
proposition for a multilateral
NATO weapons system can
really be a force for unity
within the alliance, or
whether some other formula
cannot be found to limit the
divisive influence now at
work.
Evening star., 1963-02-06
PARIS.

the affairs Of the Atlantic
Alliance, the continuing ST.
lence from Washington is be-
coming a matter for increas-
ing concern.
No one. Of course, expected
any heavy-handed American
interference in the dispute
between Britain and France
over the Common Market.
Any Intervention into the
negotiations at Brussels
would most certainly have
done more harm than good.
No one has hoped, either,
that the Kennedy admins
tration would add its voice to
the chorus Of recrimination
and personal abuse against
President de Gaulle which
to nobody's CREDITS now en-
venoming the European at
mosphere. In these respects
the discretion of Washington
has been welcome.
At the same time, 1t Is
clear enough that sooner or
later something will have to
be done to re-establish a
sense Of unity and common
purpose among the embat-
tied Europeans. Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev, who has
helped out so often in the
past, appears unwilling to CO.
operate this time. Inevitably
there Is a certain turning Of
eyes toward the seat of lead
ership Of the alliance "a
leadership which is now
challenged as never before by
the President of France.
A sort Of response has, in
deed, been made. Since the
Nassau conference between
President Kennedy and Prime
Minister Macmillan, the idea
Of a multilateral NATO nu-
clear force has emerged as
the one definite proposition
that has the blessing Of the
administration. Since the
breakdown at Brussels, the
idea has been pushed harder
than ever as a possible solu-
ton to the divisions that
threaten the alliance.
From here. at least. II
seems to be a weak reed to
lean on. The idea of an in
dependent NATO deterrent
still is very largely fuzzy and
underlined. What such a nu-
clear force would amount to,
what useful purpose 1t would
serve, what real effect II
would have on the cohesion oi
the alliance has never been
explained, even by those who
enthusiastically embrace the
idea.
Indeed, one suspects that
those who from time to time
have argued most fervently
in favor Of nuclear weapons
for NATO have been inspired
by widely different motives
Original Idea Changes
AS first advanced by mill
tary leaders Of the alliance
notably Gen. Lauris NofStac
"a system of land-based
medium-range nuclear rock
cts under NATO controI
would have provided an es-
sential element of the NATC
arsenal. It's main purpose
would have been to supple
ment the strategic deterrent
of the United States and re-
place NATO's manned air
craft as these became obso.
lete.
This original idea has now
evolved into a quite different
proposition for a sea-baSeC
Polaris force in which the
NATO nations would be asked
to participate. Until thi'
force is ready, Mr.. Macmillan
has offered the British
bomber command as the nu-
cleus Of a NATO nucleal
force.
The question of control ha.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Three Leaders

By Friday. the Big Three min
isters had indeed reached a vague
agreement, at least on the prin-
ciple of a satellite warhead ban.
If reached, such pact would
only affect the United States and
Russia now; no other country
has the capacity to orbit space
vehicles. Mr.. Gromyko will pur-
sue the topic further at White
House talks this week.
The conciliatory attitude of
Moscow toward the West in re-
cent months. and its rejection Of
total war as a means to spread
communism seemed to have
opened a crack in Peking's mill
tant front last week. Peng Chen,
mayor of that city, said China
believed a global war could be
prevented by a united effort.
1t was the first sign that Red
China might be changing its re-
lentleSS attitude toward the West.
Until now, China has urged all
out war including nuclear weap-
ons to destroy capitalism, and
the stand has brought a major
split with the Kremlin.
Mr.. Peng, who spoke at an an
niversary Of the founding of Red
China, declared that world peace
can be preserved and the future
Of mankind can be infinitely
bright"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Test Ban:
Orbits Next

Foreign ministers Of the big
Three" agreed in principle to
a ban on nuclear weapons in
DRIFTING space vehicles last
week. Soviet Foreign Minister
GrOmkyO will discuss the idea
further this Thursday with
President Kennedy.
The test ban recently approved
by the Senate and more than 80
other countries bars testing of nu-
clear devices in both the earth's
atmosphere and in outer space.
But it is silent on the subject of
atomic weapons carried aboard
satellites that orbit the earth.
Both military experts and dip
lomats actually do not regard
the orbiting weapons as a major
threat. Missiles fired from the
ground and aircraft are consid-
cred much more efficient and
cheaper. The only value Of an
orbiting warhead, they declare.
would be a psychological threat
and even this would re useless
If a nation kept the matter a
secret.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Brief Revolt

As Latin revolutions go, this
one was brief, with about 20 casu-
alties. The United States severed
diplomatic relations as Col. Os-
Waldo Lopez Arellano took over
one-man rule. Ironically, he had
engineered a similar coup in 1856
paving the way for election of
President Ramon Morales, who
fled to Costa Rica last Thursday.
The shock waves Travelled much
further than the borders Of tiny
population, 1.9 million) Hon.
duras, The United States has sup
ported many constitutional gov
ernments in Latin America as a
positive answer to Communist in
filtration and propaganda. But
the series Of collapses this year
seems to support Cuba's argument
that there Is no democratic mid
die way between Red rule and
right-wing army rule.
Sustaining the worst defeat was
the 212-year-old Alliance for
Progress, a brainchild of Presi-
dent Kennedy that seeks social
and economic reform among 20
Latin American countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Aid Cut OFF

So far, United States aid under
the Alliance to Honduras has
totaled $18.2 million in commit
ments through September 80. 1t
was cut off last week along with
diplomatic relations, in line with
practice begun last year with
other military coupS.
Some critics gibed at the Presi-
dent for not intervening directly
with the United States fleet. But
such a move would ignore a harsh
lesson that the Yanqui govern
ment had to learn through bitter
experience earlier in this century.
South Americans regard the
Colossus of the North" with mas
sive suspicion. The heyday of gun
boat diplomacy is past; the ill
will military invasion of HON.
duras could stir up would far out
weigh any temporary stability we
might gain through it, Washing
ton officials feel. And one has to
seek no further back than Suez
in 1856 to witness the hazards of
reflex action in such adventures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
Other Action

Meanwhile, in action Of lesser
matters last week these things
were done:
The Senate voted a So billion
Agriculture Department money
bill after defeating q Republican
sponsored rider to extend the
soil-bank program.
Both Houses completed work on
the first military pay raise bill
since 1858. 1t was signed by the
President on Wednesday and was
made effective as Of October /.
Total: $1.2 billion.
The Senate approved President
Kennedy's multi million dollar
program for the fight on mental
retardation in children.
The Senate approved a relax
alton of the radio elevision rule
that all candidates for office must
be given equal time. This frees
the networks and stations to pro-
gram the major parties events
more easily. The legislation goes
back to the House for adjust
ment of the length Of time pre-
ceding the election Of 1864 that
the suspension would be in eff
feet.
The Senate approved a bill ex-
tending the life Of the Civil
Rights Commission for another
year and 1t went to the House.
There an objection by Represent
alive Williams, Democrat of Mis-
siSsippi, held it up. A vote on 1t
is due tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1963-10-06
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Rights or Tax Bill?
The Hard Choice

Congress last week began its
10th month Of the current ses-
sion with much Of its work
still ahead Of il.
The two Big Ones before Con-
gress are the tax reduction and
the civil rights bills, but not
necessarily in that order. An d
thereby hung last weeks news
from Capitol Hill.
After Tuesdays legislative con-
ference at the White House Ma
jority Whip Humphrey said
that he expects the Senate to take
up the civil rights bill first. Per-
haps the tax reduction might
even go over until early in 1864.
Senator Humphrey is a poll
tician and a good one and he
gave a good political reason for
such q course: in an election
year 1t would be bad to have
the party torn apart over the
controversial civil rights bill. De-
bate 1t now. get it out Of the
way and allow q little time to
elapse for the healing Of the
wounds before the Democrats
take to the platforms in support
Of themselves in the 1864 cleo
tons.
Not every Senator agreed with
this line of thinking. Said some:
it would be better to pass the
tax reduction bill first to prevent
the likelihood of any economic
recession in 1864 such as the
one that hurt the Republicans
in 1860.